National Bureau of Standards

FEB 6 19«

BUILDING

MATERIALS

AND

STRUCTURES

REPORT BMS60

Strength, Absorption, ^<>, and Resistance to Laboratp^S'"

Freezing; and Thawing\6F

Building Bricks Protfucp<^

in the United States^^

by JOHN w. McBURNEY and

JOSEPH C. RICHMOND
The program of research on building materials and structures, carried on by the

National Bureau of Standards, was undertaken with the assistance of the Central Housing Committee, an informal organization of governmental agencies concerned with

housing construction and finance, which is cooperating in the investigations through a committee of principal technicians.

CENTRAL HOUSING COMMITTEE

ON RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION

A. C. Shiee, Chairman, Howard P. Vermilya, Vice Chairman,

United States Housing Authority. Federal Housing Administration.

Sterling R. March, Secretary.

Pierre Blouke, John S. Donovan,

Federal Home Loan Bank Board. Farm Security Administration.

Hugh L. Dryden, George W. Trayer,

National Bureau of Standards. Forest Service (F. P. Laboratory).

Louis A. Simon, Joseph M. DallaValle,

Public Buildings Administration. Public Health Service.

Luther M. Leisenring, George E. Knox,

Construction Division (War). Yards and Docks (Navy).

Edward A. Poynton, William R. Talbott,

Office of Indian Affairs. Veterans' Administration.

Wallace Ashby,

Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

STAFF COMMITTEE ON ADMINISTRATION AND COORDINATION \

4 Hugh L. Dryden, Chairman.

Mechanics and Sound.

Phaon H. Bates, Gustav E. F. Lundell,

Clay and Silicate Products. Chemistry.

Hobart C. Dickinson, Addams S. McAllister,

Heat and Power. Codes and Specifications.

Warren E. Emley, Henry S. Rawdon,

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Metallurgy.

"

The Forest Products Laboratory of the Forest Service is cooperating with both

committees on investigations of wood constructions.

[For list of BMS publications and directions for purchasing, see cover page iii.]
UNITED STATES

NATIONAL

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • Jesse H. Jones, Secretary

BUREAU OF STANDARDS • Lyman J. Briggs, Director

BUILDING MATERIALS

and STRUCTURES

' REPORT BMS60

Strength, Absorption, and Resistance to Laboratory Freezing

and Thawing ol Building Bricks Produced

in the United States

by

JOHN W, McBURNEY JOSEPH C. RICHMOND

ISSUED NOVEMBER 5, 19 40

The National Bureau of Standards is a fact-finding organization;

it does not "approve" any particular material or method of construction. The technical findings in this series ot reports are to be construed accordingly.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON

FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. • PRICE l5

1940

CENTS
Foreword

During the past 10 years a laboratory study of the resistance of building brick to freezing and thawing has been in progress at the National Bureau of Standards. Tests were made on a total of 4,558 bricks, comprising 722 samples of the various gradings

produced by 229 manufacturers. These samples were collected from 36 of the 48 States, as well as from the principal cities of the United States. This paper reports the compressive and transverse strengths, water absorptions, by

two methods, saturation coefficients, and either the number of cycles of freezing and

thawing required to produce failure, or the percentage loss in weight after 51 cycles of freezing and thawing for 3,368 of these bricks, representing 525 gradings as produced

by 209 manufacturers. Average results, by grades, for all tests except freezing and

thawing, are given for the remaining 197 gradings, representing 1,190 specimens, which

include samples from 20 additional manufacturers.

These results should prove useful in (1) providing information for specification

writers, (2) illustrating the types and qualities of bricks available in different sections

of the United States, and (3) indicating needed improvements in certain districts.

Lyman J. Briggs, Director.

Ill]
Strength, Absorption, and Resistance to Laboratory Freezing and

Thawing of Building Bricks Produced in the United States

bv John W. McBurney and Joseph C. Richmond

CONTENTS

Page

Foreword ii

I. Introduction 1 11. Sampling, and distribution of sources 2

III. Methods of testing 3 IV. Presentation of data, by producing dis- tricts 3 Table 1. Maine, New Hampshire, and

Vermont 8 Table 2. Massachusetts 6 Table 3. Connecticut 9 Table 4. Hudson Valley (New York

City) 13 Table 5. New York State except Hudson Valley 18 Table 6. New Jersey 18 Table 7. Delaware and Maryland 21 Table 8. Philadelphia 23 Table 9. Eastern Pennsylvania except

Philadelphia 25 Table 10. West Virginia and Western

Pennsylvania 28 Table 11. Ohio___"_ 32

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the compressive and transverse

strengths, water absorptions, saturation coefficients, and either the number of cycles of freezing and thawing

required to produce failure or the loss in weight after 51 cycles for each of 3,368 bricks representing 525

gradings produced by 209 manufacturers. Average

results for all tests except freezing and thawing are

given for an additional 197 gradings or samples, comprising a total of 1,190 specimens. These 197 gradings include samples from 20 additional manufacturers.

I. INTRODUCTION

For the past 10 years the National Bureau of

Standards has conducted, as part of the work

!; on masonry and masonry materials, a study of the durability of building brick. A survey conducted jointly by the Common Brick Manufactm-ers Association of America and the

Bureau, which w^as started in 1930, included

laboratory freezing-and-thawing tests. In the

lensuing decade additional samples were received

and tested from time to time. Partial reports

Page IV. Presentation of data, by producing di.s- tricts—Continued.

Table 12. Detroit . 34 Table 13. Wisconsin 35 Table 14. Chicago 37 Table 15. Indiana, Illinois (except Chicago), and Mi.ssouri__ 38 Table 16. Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and

Minnesota 41 Table 17. Utah and Wyoming 43 Table 18. Colorado 44 Table 19. Washington, Oregon, and California 45 Table 20. Te.xas 46 Table 21. Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama 49 Table 22. Tennessee 51 Table 23. Kentucky 52 Table 24. North Carolina 53 Table 25. Virginia and the District of Columbia . 54

V. Selected references 56

of the results have been communicated to the

manufacturers supplying the samples and partial reports in summary have been published

[l, 2].^ The detailed results have hitherto not

been published.

Publication is now imdertaken for several reasons: (1) The Tentative Specifications for Building Brick (made from clay or shale)

C 62-37T of the American Society for Testing

Materials were recently revised (1939) [3] to provide for the waiver of certain physical re- quu-ements if a sample had been subjected to 50 cycles nf freezing and thawmg without the

resulting loss in weight exceeding certain limits. This revision, furthermore, provided that "A

pai'ticular lot or shipment shall be given the same grading as a pi'eviously tested lot, without

repeating the freezing-and-thawing test, provided the brick are made by the same manufacturer from similar raw materials and by the same method of forming; and provided also

1 Figures in brackets indicate the literature references at the end of this paper.

[1]
that a sample of five bricks selected from the

particular lot has an average and individual

minimum strength not less than a previously

graded sample, and has average and individual

maximimi water absorption and saturation

coefficient not greater than those of the pre- viously tested sample graded according to the

freezing-and-thawing test." Data presented

in this paper, therefore, can be used as "refer- ence sample" reports, as provided in this specification. (2) A number of individuals and

organizations interested in the preparation of specifications for building brick have indicated

the desirability of making these data generally

available for examination and analysis by others

in this field. (3) Though these data do not

represent a complete cross section of the building bricks produced throughout the entire

United States, it is believed that architects,

engineers, and contractors will find them useful

from the standpoint of indicating the expected

durability and other properties of bricks in particular districts.

II. SAMPLING, AND DISTRIBUTION OF

SOURCES

Unless otherwise indicated, all samples were

collected as part of the 1930 survey [l]. In this survey, 221 manufacturers submitted samples

of their bricks. Quoting from the 1933 paper

[l], "Each manufacturer was requested to submit a sample consisting of not fewer than five bricks for each commercial grade as classified and marketed by him. Where soft or salmon

(underburned) brick were produced, a special

sample representing that grade was requested, even thoiigh such brick were not marketed.

Information as to the percentage of the kiln product represented by each sample was in all cases secured from the manufacturer. If it were the manufacturer's practice to sell the

entire output of the kiln without sorting or

classifying, then a sample of 15 bricks was

requested. It was suggested that this ' kiln run

sample should be selected so as to represent a

vertical section of the kiln setting."

The plant numbei's and grade numbers in the

present paper are those originally assigned to the manufacturers in 1930. The plant numbers

range from 1 to 221 and were assigned in the

order of receipt of samples.

In 1936 [4] 23 shipments of brick were purchased by the Bureau and sampled. Some of

these shipments were from plants represented

in the 1930 survey and were ordered to represent certain of the gradings previously sampled.

Other shipments were from plants not pre- viously sampled. Insofar as the samples repre- sent plants and gradings previously sampled,

the same numbers were assigned. These re- samples are distinguished by the notation . "1936," as are the new plants which have \ designating numbers beginning at 222. A third

j series of samples was received in 1937 [5], and \\ they are so designated.

It was stated with reference to the 1930 , survey [l]: "That portion of the United States , situated between the Mississippi River and the

Rocky Mountains, as well as several sections

of the south are poorly represented." The : same statement applies to the Pacific coast and ; to the Rocky Mountain States, with the excep- J tion of Colorado. The reader is referred to I table 1 of the 1933 paper [l] for figures on the J distribution of sources and completeness of

| sampling represented by the 1930 survey. i| It should be pointed out that the results re-

| ported on freezing-and-thawing tests represent

oidy the poorer grades of the samplings on hand,

'

for the following reason. Samples were selected ! for test in the inverse order of their expected

durability. The first freezing-and-thawing tests i were made on samples classified by the manufacturer as "salmons." Wlien these specimens

had failed, the next grade in order of increasing

durability was tested. In general, durability

correlates positively with strength and negatively with a water absorption and saturation

coefficient. Therefore, when a sample, or , grading, of a particular manufactm'er had sue- cessfuUy passed 50 cycles of freezing and thaw- : ing, no tests were made on samples which

exceeded the satisfactory sample in strength and

were characterized by lower absorption and r! saturation coefficient. Relatively few tests were made on bricks which had properties com-

,

plying with grade SWof Specification C 62-39T

'

of the American Society for Testing Materials.

Certain districts (Connecticut, Hudson Valley,

and Chicago) are represented by freezing and

thawing tests on nearly all samples submitted as a part of the 1930 Sm'vey, since these samples

[2]
exhibited some departures from the usual rela- tion between fi-eezing-and-thawing results and

physical properties.

III. METHODS OF TESTING

Compressive strengths, moduli of ruptiire,

and absorptions by cold immei'sion and by

boiling were determined by methods complying

in essence with those described in the American

Society for Testing Materials' Standard Methods for Testing Brick C 67-39 [6]. Weighings

for the absorption determinations in the 1930

survey were made to the nearest 5.0 grams.

Succeeding samples were weighed to the nearest

1.0 gram, as were all of the freezing-aiid-thawing

test specimens. Originally, the saturation coefficients were calculated by dividing the

absorption after 48-lu' cold immersion by the

absorption measured by 5-lu' boiling. . Since

1936 the practice of using, as the numerator, the

absorption residting from 24-hr cold immersion

has been followed.

Method A of " Freezing-and-Thawing Tests of

Brick" (ASTM Designation C 67-39T [7]) was

used except during the last year of this work,

when method B of the same standard was substituted. Data have been published [5] which

indicate that these two methods are of comparable severity.

IV. PRESENTATION OF DATA, BY

PRODUCING DISTRICTS

The data on physical properties (strength,

absorption, and saturation coefficients) and the

results of freezing-and-thawing tests are pre- sented in tables 1 to 25. Additional information, such as method of forming, raw material,

percentage of kiln represented by the sample,

the manufacturer's description of the grade,

and, in some cases, the location of the plant, are

given.

The following abbreviations are used in the

tables

:

SM=sand-struck, soft-mud process. WM==: water-struck, soft-mud process. DP=dry-press process. SDP=semidry-press process. SC =stiff-mud, side-cut process. EC=stiff-mud, end-cut process.

C =clay.

FC==Hrc clay.

S —shale. F=failure.

c =cycles.

Unless otherwise indicated, the loss in weight

is that resulting from 51 cycles of freezing and

thawing by method A. Wher'e the desigiuition

(B) is used, the results are for 50 cycles and the

test was made by method B. When failure

occurred earlier, the number of cycles required

for failure is substituted for loss in weight. In

the last columns of the respective tables are entered the results obtained from additional

cycles, hisofar as such tests were made.

Table 1.

Properties of bricks produced in Maine, New

Hampshire, and Vermont

[All samples received were made from surface clay and were formed by the soft-mud process]

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

plant 4, grade 1 ("Arch," 23 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Ib/inJ Ib/in.^ % % %

1.. 1450 7600 4.3 7.4 0. 58 No test 2__--__.. 905 10450 4.4 7.9 .56 0.20

3 480 7810 3.1 5.

1

.61 .51 4 1470 7300 2.8 6.3 .44 .08 5 1885 7750 1.0 3.3 .30 .09 Avg 1240 8180 3.1 6.0 0.50 0. 22

Plant 4, grade 2 ("Selected Body," 65 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1. 1600 10900 3.0 5.5 0. 56 0.00

2 1120 10250 4.6 8.0 .58 .08

3 1640 11500 4.0 6.1 .66 .00

4 1090 7350 6.7 10.8 .62 .00

5 1085 10100 7.0 10.5 .67 .20

Avg... 1305 10020 5.1 8.2 0.62 0.06

Plant 4, grade 2a ("Second sample of grade 2")

1 980 7430 9.0 11.9 0. 76 0.11

2.... 860 7690 7.0 10.0 .70 .08

3 1140 10000 4.6 7.2 .64 . 10

4 990 6380 5.3 8.9 .60 . 11

5 1475 8550 1.6 2.2 .73 . 11 Avg 1090 8010 5.5 8.0 0.69 0. 10

Plant 4, grade 3 ("Light Hard," 12 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 705 5000 14.0 16.2 0.86 0. 36 0. 36(87c)

2 555 4310 15.0 17.3 .87 .36 . 36(87c)

3 810 4860 12.2 14.6 .84 .29 . 29{87c)

4 585 5000 14.8 16.6 .89 .70 . 70(87c)

5 720 4490 14.4 16.1 .89 .34 . 42(87c) M'g 675 4730 14.

1

16.2 0. 87 0.41 0. 43(87e)

[3]
Table 1.

Properties of bricks produced in Maine, Neiv

Hampshire, and Vermont—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive

strengtli

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 6, grade 1 ("Arch," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

lb/in J % % % 1 1080 8940 3.8 6.2 0. 61 0. 10

2 1685 9910 3.5 6.0 .58 .00

3 1615 9830 4.4 7.0 .63 .09

4 970 8650 6.9 9.2 .75 .58

5._. 1540 8600 4.3 6.9 .62 .00 Avg 1360 9190 4.6 7.1 0.64 0. 15

Plant 6, grade 2 ("Body," 60 percent of kiln, SM, C) 1—. - 795 3920 1.7 5.7 0. 30 0.35

2. ... 855 9350 4.3 6.4 .67 .09

3_ _. 1265 7940 4.9 8.1 .61 .19

4 1015 6100 4.8 7.7 .62 .00

5 990 6070 8.7 11.2 .78 .09 Avg 985 6680 4.9 7.8 0.60 0. 14

Plant 6, grade 3 ("Light Hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM. C)

1_ 1220 7220 8.4 U.3 0. 74 0.20 0. 20(84c)

2_.__ . 1180 5320 11.9 13.8 .86 .29 . 29(84c)

3.. 625 0400 13.0 14.2 .92 .25 . 25 (84c) 4 915 6450 14.4 le. 1 .90 .34 . 34(84c)

5 870 5620 15.0 16.4 .91 .38 . 38(84c) Avg 940 6000 12.5 14.4 0.87 0.29 0. 29(84c)

Plant 21, grade 1 ("Body," 65 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1365 14550 3.6 5.2 0.69 0. 10

2 1410 10750 2.2 3.8 .58 . 11 3 1360 11800 9.0 11.4 .79 .60

4 _. 1770 13400 7.5 9.8 .77 .23

5 1765 16800 5.3 7.8 .68 .10 Avg 1535 13260 5.5 7.6 0.70 0.23

Plant 21, grade 2 ("Bench," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 9090 10.3 12.2 0.84 0. 38

2 1240 13100 7.0 9.7 .72 .33 3 520 7790 12.6 14.5 .87 .50 4 1260 10400 10.1 12.4 .81 .45

5 14.30 9700 .6.4 7.4 .73 .20 Avg 1110 10020 9.1 11.2 0.79 0. 37

Plant 21, grade 3 ("Light Hard," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 485 5370 16.0 17.5 0. 91 0.64

2 760 5990 14.5 15.6 .93 .54

3 1070 9420 13.4 15.6 .86 .41

4 760 4960 13.5 10.0 .84 .49

5 920 5110 13.8 16.0 .86 .53 Avg 800 6170 14.2 16.

1

0. 88 0. 52

Plant 21, grade 4 ("Soft," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 710 4000 17.2 18.9 0. 91 0. 33 0. 44(75c)

2 445 4720 15.8 17.3 .91 .45 . 45(75c)

3 735 5100 15.6 17.9 .87 .23 . 35(76c)

4 645 4020 14.3 16.2 .88 .26 . 39(76c)

5 780 4480 17. 1 18.2 .94 .59 . 70 (76c) Avg 660 4600 16.0 17.7 0. 90 0. 37 0. 47(76c)

Plant 26, grade 1 ("Kiln Run Hard," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

Avg (20) 1610

j 10070 9.1 11.6 0. 77 Not tested

Table 1.

Properties of bricks produced in Maine, New

Hampshire, and Vermont—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption Weight

Satu- loss at 51 48-hr ration cycles or

cold 5-hr coeffi- number of im- boil- cient cycles at mer- ing failure sion

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 26, grade lA ("Hard," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

(24-hr) Ib/inJ % % % 1 1375 14350 4. 0 6. 5 0 61 0. 35 2 1480 11900 4! 9 7^8 !63 .14

3 1815 12400 4.7 7.6 .62 .22

4 1290 11350 4.4 7.8 .57 .23

5 1920 11750 4.3 6.6 .65 .00 6 965 9130 5.8 9.4 .62 .11 7 1455 12320 4.5 7.3 .62 .21 8 1465 12800 6.0 8.4 .61 .00 9 1565 11300 6:0 8.0 .63 .22

10 1625 12130 4.6 7.4 .62 .27

11 1970 8675 3.6 4.7 .76 .10

12 1790 11160 4.8 7.5 .65 .11

13 1725 13880 4.8 7.6 .64 .21

14 1760 11610 4.6 7.3 .62 .21

15 1405 11600 4.8 7. 7 .63 .11

16 1626 6640 4.8 7.4 .66 .11 17 1616 13300 4.8 7.4 .65 .22

18 1740 13520 3.4 5.5 .62 .11 19 1505 14100 2.9 4.8 .62 .00 20 1820 11360 3.9 5.9 .67 .13 Avg 1595 11740 4.5 7.1 0. 63 0. 15 Plant 26, grade 2 ("Pace," percentage of kiln unknown, WM, C)

1 1690 11160 2.9 5.7 0.51 0. 10

2 1790 13160 5.

1

7.2 . .71 .21

3 1765 14200 5.0 6.9 .72 .13 4 1886 11600 3.6 6.7 .54 .21 5 1265 11100 11.8 14.7 .80 .23 Avg 1675 12240 5.7 8.2 0. 66 0.18 Plant 26, grade 2A ("Hard," (1936) percentage kiln unknown, WM, C)

(24-hr)

1 1745 10480 8.4 12.3 0.68 0.26 2 1666 10000 11.2 13.8 .81 .22 3 2746 11800 7.5 12.0 .63 .13 4 1706 12000 9.

1

12.0 .76 .24 5 ^ 1750 12200 8.

1

11.7 .69 .46 6 2056 11300 6.

1

8.8 .69 .26

7 2015 11200 3.6 5.8 .62 .31 8 1825 11300 9.9 12.8 .77 . 11 9 1225 11400 3.7 6.0 .62 .10

10 1150 11600 6.0 8.4 .71 .34

11 2425 17700 4.8 7.0 .69 . 11 12 1440 12000 9.2 12.0 .77 1.88

13 1245 13300 3.9 5.4 .73 .00

14 1760 12400 2.5 4.9 .52 .13

15 1800 11400 4.9 7.9 .62 .13

16 2150 16150 5.6 9.9 .57 .27

17 1735 12850 2.9 5.2 .65 . 11 18 2300 12500 7.8 11.2 .70 .22

19 1315 16700 3.6 4.2 .85 .14 20 1685 16100 1.3 2.2 .57 .00 Avg 1785 12670 6.0 8.6 0.68 0. 27 Plant 26, grade 3 ("Light Hard,' (1936) percentage of kiln unknown. WM, C)

(24-hr)

1 1070 6830 13.8 16.0 0.86 0. 43 2 1420 10200 U.3 13.8 .82 .22

3 1210 6960 14.0 16.6 .85 3.68

4 755 4680 18.6 21.6 .86 F 27c

5 1090 6850 16.8 19.3 .87 F 33c 6 1875 8450 9.7 13.8 .70 0.21

7 845 8050 14.2 16.2 .88 1.36 8 1110 6230 15.1 18.7 .81 F 36c

9 1110 7200 13.

1

15.6 .84 0. 35

10 1066 11400 10.1 13.0 .78 . 12

11 1285 7670 13.8 16.0 .86 .47

12 1490 9800 9.9 14.4 .69 .33

13 2125 7400 11.9 15.5 .77 .26

14 1335 8400 13.5 16.6 .81 2. 97

15 1840 7800 11.3 14.0 .81 0. 34 16 1090 10000 12.3 14.9 .82 .28

17 1395 7800 15.1 17.5 .87 3.28

18 1665 7700 13.2 15.8 .84 F 29c

19 1640 7980 15.2 17.7 .86 1.80 20 1475 6230 14.8 17.8 .83 .54 Avg 1345 7880 13.4 16.2 .82 1

[4]
Table 1.

Properties of bricks produced in Maine, New

Hampshire, and Vermont—Continued

ModWater absorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 26, grade 4 ("Light Hard," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown,

SM, C)

Iblin.i lb/in.2 % % %

1 720 4770 15.2 17.3 0.88 0.56

9 865 5500 16.3 18.4 .88 .57

3 625 3720 17.9 19.9 .90 .93

4 470 3780 13.9 17.6 .79 .76

5 855 5480 13.6 17.

1

.80 . 51

6 510 2960 17.8 19.7 .90 2.08

7 -- - 430 3130 19.4 20.6 .95 3.08

8 910 5810 13.0 16.

1

.81 .42

9 725 4220 14.5 17.6 .82 .57

10 425 3120 16. 6 19.8 .84 1. 07

11 720 5500 12.8 16.3 .79 .42

12 875 5900 13. 2 16.5 .81 .39

13 590 3300 19.8 20. 6 .97 5. 41

14 570 3300 16.8 19.4 .87 1.59

15 315 2120 17.

1

20.5 .84 3. 15

16_ 750 5480 16. 5 18.8 .88 .85

17 910 5530 14.8 17.2 .86 .44,

18 620 3540 17.

1

19.4 .88 .94

19 610 3550 17.9 19.8 .90 .84

20 575 4770 13.6 17.5 .78 .82 Avg 650 4280 15.9 18.5 0. 86 1.27

Plant 48, grade 1 ("Selected Body," 70 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1450 12950 6.9 9.4 0.75 Not tested

Plant 48, grade 2 ("Arch and Clinker," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1455 14670 3.2 5.0

j 0.62 Not tested

Plant 48, grade 3 ("Light hard or backing," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

1070

1300 920

775

1030

8990

10650

6580

5990 8130

12.1 12.4

14.4

15.8

12.0

14.2

14.0

15.7

17.0 14.4

0.85

.89

.92

.93

.83

0. 14 (B)

.34 (B)

. 26 (B)

. 24 (B)

. 12 (B)

1020 8070 13.3 15.

1

0.88 0. 22 (B)

Plant 48, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

260

1060

2080

4980

5240 4980

6220

17.0

17.0

16.7

16.2

17.0

17.0

18.7

17. 5 17.9 18.2

1.00

.91 .95

.91 .93

F 3c

> 26. 20 F 3c

1.70

1.20

4700 16.8 17.9 0.94

Plant 67, grade 1 ("Clinkers," 15 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)

.

1775 12850 1.5 2.9 0.53 Not tested

Plant 67, grade 2 ("Dark reds," 20 percent of kiln, SM , 0)

Avg (15) 1580 8720 4.0 7.1 0.58 Not tested

Plant 67, grade 3 ("Backers," 20 percent of kUn, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1210 7860 3.2 6.5 0.48 Not tested

Table 1.

Properties of bricks produced in Maine, New

Hampshire, and Vermont—Continued

ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive number rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold

mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 c.vcles

Plant 67, grade 4 ("Light reds," 15 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

Ib/in.^ IblinJ % % % 1 __. 1125 8740 7.3 10.7 0. 68 F 3c (B) 2 1770 12500 7.9 8.8 .90 F .3c (B)

3 1650 11850 8.4 10.

1

.83 0. 11 (B)

4 _.. 1820 10500 10. I 11.8 .80 . 00 (B)

S 8890 13.1 14.8 .89 1. 47 (B) Avg 1590 10,500 9.4 11.2 0.83

Plant 67, grade 5 ("Light Hard," 30 percent of kiln, SM, C) 1— 1100 5000 14.0 16.5 0. 85 0.49 %

0. 61 (66c) 2 1030 4730 13.8 16.3 .85 .41 . 51 (66c) 3 1125 5190 12.9 15.1 .86 .11 . 11 (66c) 4 785 4900 13.0 15.4 .84 .81 . 81 (66c) 5 1135 7.560 12.4 14.4 .86 .31 . 31 (66c) Avg 1035 5480 13.2 15.5 0.85 0. 43 0. 47 (66c)

Plant 84, grade 1 ("Dark face," 30 percent of kiln, SM, 0) C) Avg (5). 1440 8830 7.3

1 n.o 0.66 Not tested

Plant 84, grade 2 ("Light face." 30 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4.._ 5Avg

1080

1215 1260 925

920

7130

5910 6700

5610 4600

15. 2 17.5

16.1 15.9 17.3

18. 5 20.7

19.3 19.2

20.4

0. 82

.85 .83

.83 .85

0. 00 (B)

.00 (B)

. 21 (B)

. 33 (B)

. 10 (B)

1080 5990 16.4 19.6 0.84 0. 13 (B)

Plant 84, grade 3 ("Bench," 75 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)_ 1495 12200 6.1 7.8 0.76 Not tested

Plant 84, grade 4 ("Light hard," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 480 2850 19.5 24.4 0.80 0. 37 (B)

2 405 2320 19.9 25.

1

.79 1. 30 (B)

3 345 2330 18. 5 22.6 .82 0. 82 (B)

4 375 2180 18.6 22. 6 .82 . 61 (B)

5 550 2770 19.

1

23.0 .83 . 44 (B) Avg 430 2490 19.1 23.5 0. 81 0. 71 (B)

Plant 84, grade 5 ("Pale," 75 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 550 2440 20.2 23.2 0. 87 0. 12 0.24 (63c) 2 530 3160 23.7 25.0 .95 F 12c 3 435 2460 20.1 22.6 .89 F 42c

4__ 460 3380 22.8 24.7 .92 8.40 9.16 (63c) 5 170 1120 20.8 25.3 .82 F 45c Avg 430 2510 21. 5 24.2 0.89

Plant 84, grade 6 ("Dark face," 30 percent of kiln, WM, C)

Avg (5). 1505 13210 4.4 6.2 0.70 Not tested

» 3.00 percent loss at 12 cycles.

[5

III
Table 1.

Properties of bricks produced in Maine, New

Hampshire, and Vermont—Continued

Table 2.

Properties of bricks produced in Massachusetts

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Watt

sorp

48-hr cold im- mersion

r abtion

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 84, grade 7 ("Light face," 30 percent of kiln, WM, C)

12

34

5Avg

Ib/inJ 1375

1460

1520 2300

1385

Z6/m.2 10100 9900

9550

11500

10580

%

6.2

6.8

6.3

6.5

8.0

%

9.2

9.4 9.0

8.8

11.2

0. 67

. 72 .70

.74

.71

70

0. 00 (B)

. 24 (B)

. 11 (B)

.00 (B)

.21 (B)

1610 10330 6.8 9.5 0.71 0. 11 (B)

Plant 84, grade 8 ("Bench," 75 percent of kiln, WM, C)

Avg (5)_ 1326 7950 5.8 7.6 0. 75 Not tested

Plant 84, grade 9 ("Light hard," 25 percent of kiln, WM, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

1410

1550 1470

1705 1390

8650 8520

6820

9190 8930

10.7

11.0 12.2

11.2

13.2

14.3 13.7

14.9 14.0

15.7

0.75

.80

.82

.80

.84

0. 12 (B)

.11 (B)

.11 (B)

. 34 (B)

.00 (B)

1506 8420 11.7 14.6 0.80 0. 14 (B)

Plant 84, grade 10 ("Pale," 76 percent of kiki, WM, C)

12

34

5Avg

465

395

640

535 330

4040

3660

3980

3760 3230

20.3

18.7

19.0 19.7

18.9

22.8

21.5

21.7

22.3 21.9

0. 89

.87 .88

.88

.86

F 42c F 39c

0. 87

.51 4.30

%

F 67c

0.51 (63c)

5.33 (63c)

476 3730 19.3 22,0 0. 88

Plant 96, grade 1 ("Kiln run," 100 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (16)- 980 5410 8.3 11. 2 0.70 Not tested

Plant 108, grade 1 ("Kiln run," 100 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (15). 995 7470 8.8 10.9 0.78 Not tested

Plant 128, grade 1 ("Dark red common face," 25 percent of kiln. SM. C)

Avg (5). 1720 16660 L3 1.9 0.76 Not tested

Plant 128, grade 2 ("Bright Red Common," 40 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1995 12030 6.4 9.4 0. 68 Single test, 0.00 %

loss.

Plant 128, grade 3 ("Arch," 15 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1580 11840 6.8 8.4 0. 82 Not tested

Plant 128, grade 4 ("Light hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5 __ Avg

1885 1635

1780

2120

1030

6610

7510 8450

7390

5990

11.4 10.5

11.

1

10. 3 13.8

14.8

14.2

13.9

11.9 17.4

0. 77 .74

.80

.87

.79

0.10

.21

.11

.21

.31

1690 7190 11.4 14.4 0. 79 0.19

[All samples received with the exception of those from plant 7 (side-cut) were formed by the soft-mud process. All bricks were made from surface clay. Much of the Massachusetts brick production resembles

that from Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont in appearance and

properties]

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 61 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

61 cycles

Plant, 5, grade 1 ("Common face," 60 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

12

34

6Avg

Iblin r- 1170

1220

1120

1145 876

lb/in. 2 5230 4820

4960

5350 6720

%

7.7

7.6 7.8

7.5 8.6

%

10.4

11.4 10.4

10.7 10.8

0. 74

.67 .75

.70 .79

or

/o No test 0.00

.13

.00

. 11

1105 5420 7.8 10.7 0.73 0.06

Plant 6, grade 2 ("Merchantable," 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

1240 1450 980

1200

835

6790

5470 5380

4750

3910

12.5 10.4

12.6 16.6

16. 2

13.6

11.6

13.8 16.8

17.3

0. 93

.90

.91 .92

.94

0. 10 (B)

. 12 .25

.25

. 23

1140 6260 13. 4 14.6 0. 92 0. 19 (A &

B)

Plant 5, grade 3 ("Backup," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C) %

1 905 3930 16. 2 18.6 0. 87 0.39 0. 39 (77c) 2 870 3870 17.3 18.6 .93 .52 . 52 (77c) 3 1120 3820 19. 5 20. 7 .94 .47 . 47 (77c) 4 730 3020 20.

1

22.0 .91 .49 . 49 (77c) 5 586 2780 18.8 21.5 .88 1.00 1.30 (77c) Avg 840 3480 18.4 20.3 0. 91 0. 57 0. 63 (77c)

Plant 7, grade 1 ("Face,' ' percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1885 13700 2.7 5.0 0. 64 0.09

2 2460 13300 2.8 4.6 .62 .00

3 2180 15200 3.3 6.4 .61 .33 4 3120 12750 3.0 4.3 .70 .00

5 2490 12700 1.9 3.1 .61 .00 Avg 2425 13530 2.7 4.5 0. 62 0.08

Plant 7, g rade 2 ("Semi-face," 33H percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 985 7130 13.5 16.6 0. 81 0. 62

2 1075 6310 14.6 17.1 .85 F 37c

3 1370 7300 16.6 19.0 .87 F 27c 4 1180 8250 10.3 13.9 .74 0. 21

5 1020 3830 17.

1

19.5 .88 F 27c Avg 1125 6560 14.4 17.2 0. 83

Plant 7, grade 3 ("Outside," 17]6 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 940 6080 14.4 16.8 0.86 F 60c (B)

2 1120 5990 11.9 15.0 .79 0.31 (B)

3 1130 6370 16.1 18.3 .82 .27 (B)

4 660 4290 16.3 17.0 .90 . 23 (B)

5 580 7610 No test Avg 885 6070 14.2 16.8 0.84

]
Table 2.

Properiies of bricks produced in Massachusetts—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strengtli ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 7, grade 4 ("Backup,*' 16 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Ib/in.i Ib/in.i % % %

1 1390 7780 11.7 14.0 0.84 0. 36 F63c

2 745 4370 19.4 22.4 .87 F 380

3 600 3370 19.7 21.8 .90 F 21c

4 420 4780 17.2 20.7 .83 F 27c

5_.- 615 3290 17.6 19.7 .89 F 8c Avg 755 4710 17.1 19.7 0.87

Plant 27, grade 1 ("Arch," 26 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 445 4290 20.8 24.7 0. 84 0. 91

2 1090 6740 10.3 12.9 .80 .51

3 300 2680 16.8 21.8 .77 .49

4 710 3500 16.3 20. 7 .79 .64

5 755 3800 17. 4 21.6 .81 .84 Avg 660 4200 16.3 20.3 0. 80 0. eeT

Plant 27, grade 2 ("Body, middle catch," 35 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1110 6050 13.8 17.7 0. 78 0. 61

2 965 5420 14.5 18.2 .80 .48

3 990 5740 14.4 18.0 .80 .62

4 1105 5810 15.9 19.9 .80 .79

5 1265 9070 6.9 11.

1

.62 .21 Avg 1085 6420 13.

1

17.0 0.76 0. 54

Plant 27, grade 3 ("Body, Top catch,' 35 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1010 5380 14.9 18.4 0.81 0. 36

2 500 2990 19.2 22.8 .84 .62

3 1195 5760 12.4 16.0 .77 .24

4 950 4410 13.8 18.4 .75 .41

5 680 4130 18.8 23.0 .82 .73 Avg 865 4530 15.8 19.7 0. 80 0. 47

Plant 27, grade 4 ("Double coaled," 4 percent of kiln, SM, C)%

1_. 370 1535 25.3 30.4 0. 83 0.88 1.26 (75c) 2 460 3380 19. 1 25.8 .74 2. 00 2. 59 (76c)

3 1415 4470 9.4 20.0 .47 0. 25 0. 25 (75c) 4 305 1600 21.0 27.4 .77 .76 1. 14 (75c)

5._ _ 370 2100 14.7 24.5 .60 .87 1. 52 (75c) Avg 585 2620 17.9 26.6 0.68 0. 95 1. 35 (76c)

Plant 32, grade 1 ("Run of kiln merchantable," OOpercent of kiln, SM, C)

l._ 1015 4460 10.6 14.

1

0. 75 0.56

2 1370 2830 4.0 6.3 .64 .58

3 890 3350 10.1 12.8 .79 .53

4 775 3340 2.

1

4.7 .46 . 21

5 1350 4120 2.2 4.4 .50 .45

6 935 3360 13.9 17.6 .79 .61

7 960 4160 14.0 17.7 .79 . 73

8 1030 3590 14.9 18.2 .82 .52

9.._ 1415 6340 13.5 16.8 .80 .43

10 1105 4480 13.8 17.2 .80 .49

11 875 3740 18.3 21.7 .84 .46 (B)

12 725 3620 18.2 21.9 .83 2. 18 (B)

13 895 4080 17.7 20.8 .85 0. 15 (B)

14 740 3730 17.8 21.0 .85 . 13 (B)

15 1005 3880 16.7 20.2 .83 .30 (B) Avg 1005 3940 12.6 15.7 0.76 0. 56 (A&B)

Table 2.

Properiies of bricks produced in Massachusetts—Continuod

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefli- eient

Weight

less at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

6) cycles

Plant 32, grade 2 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

Ib/in.i 200

280

545

495

325

lb/in.' 2040

1440 2260

2540

1260

%

19.6

19.8

19.1 19.9 19.8

%

22.3

22.4

21.6 23.2

21.9

0.88

.88

.88

.86 .90

%

F 2c F 2c F 14c F 2c F 2e

370 1910 19.6 22.3 0.88 F 4c

Plant 110, grade 1 ("Bodybrick," 66.7 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (6). 1480 8600 6.5 10.2 0.64 Not tested

Plant 110, grade 2 ("Hard arch," 16 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4

66Avg

1685

1370 1695

1100

1470

1315

13550 9800

10680 10970

10450

12100

5.3 4.4

3.9 4.8 5.7

5.2

7.4 6.7

6.3 6.6 8.2

7.0

0.72

.66 .62

.73 .70

.74

0. 00 (B)

. 00 (B) .16(B)

. 12 (B)

. 10 (B)

. 52 (B)

1440 11260 4.9 7.0 0.70 0. 15 (B)

Plant 110, grade 3 ("Light hard," 17 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

56Avg

750

1060

1090 1156

1400 1200

6340 6030

6340 6730

5650

6500

14.8

13.0

14. 3 14.8

14.

1

12.4

16. 7

15. 1 16.6

17. 2 16.3

14. 6

0. 88

.86

.86

.86

.87

.86

0. 00

.00 .00

.00 .00

. 11

1110 6260 13. 9 16.

1

0. 86 0. 02

Plant 115, grade 1 ("Colonial," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (6)_ 2066 13490 0.78 1.3 0.56 Not tested

Plant 116, grade lA ("Water struck," 60 percent of kiln, WM, C)

Avg (6). 1776 14800 4. 3 6.0 0.72 Not tested

Plant 116, grade 2 ("Body," 70 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (6). 1600 11210 6.0 8.6 Not tested

Plant 115, grade 3 ("Light hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

1 1515 9000 n.9 16.

1

0.79 0. 13 2 975 8260 12.7 16.3 .83 .00

3 1305 6830 14.7 17. 1 .86 .00 4 1385 7370 9.9 12.2 .81 .00

6 1070 7100 U.0 13.6 .81 .13

6 725 8860 13.3 16.4 .81 .00 Avg . - 1166 7900 12. 2 16.0 0.82 0.04

251299°—40-

[7]
Table 2- -Properties of bricks produced in Massachusetts—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 146A, grade 1 ("Bench," 3 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Ib/inJ lb/in.

2

% % %

1 1870 11600 3.3 5.0 0.66 0. 22

2 1780 10450 1.3 2.5 . 52 . 13

3 1555 10450 6.3 8.9 . 71 .31

4 1475 7290 1.6 3.2 .50 .21

5 2000 5510 1.

1

2.2 .50 .33 Avg 1735 9060 2.7 4.4 0.58 0. 24

Plant 146A, grade 2 ("Body," 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)_ 1455 5900 8.9 11.6 0.78 Not testiad

Plant 146A, grade 3 ("Light hard," 7 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1__ 435 2350 17.7 20.8 0.85 1.98

2. : 875 2900 17.9 20. 1 .89 0. 67 3 550 3150 18. 7 21. 2 .88 1.01 4 650 2540 18. 1 21. 6 .84 1. 28

5 425 3520 18. 5 20. 1 .92 6. 56 Avg. ... 585 2890 18. 2 20.8 0.88 2. 30

Plant M6B, grade 1 ("Bench," 3 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1640 6190 2.5 7.0 0. 36 0. 10

2_ 1720 9950 0.9 1.3 .69 .00

3 2390 17700 2.3 3.7 .62 .00

i 1590 5790 2. 7 4.9 .55 .00

6 1600 8890 5.0 7.9 .63 . 10 Avg 1790 9700 2.7 5.0 0. 57 0.04

Plant 146B, grade 2 ("Body," 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 2190 12710 4.4 7.0 0.62 Not tested

Plant 146B, grade 3 ("Brush," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 2200 15930 3.9 4.9 0. 80 0.00

2 3050 14450 0.9 2. 2 .41 .00

3 2380 15900 4.4 7.8 .56 . 10 4 2280 17850 2.9 3.8 . 76 . 10

5 2140 17650 5.0 7.0 . 72 .20 Avg 2410 16360 3.4 5. 1 0.65 0,08

Plant 1460, grade 1 ("Bench," 3 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1425 9500 5.2 8.5 0.61 0. 09 (B)

2 2135 11350 3.5 6.5 .64 .00 (B)

3 1820 12500 3.6 6.2 .58 . 10 (B)

4 1680 8580 4.0 7.1 .56 .09 (B)

5 1695 6760 1.5 4.6 ..33 . 10 (B) Avg 1750 9740 3.6 6.4 0. 54 0. 08 (B)

Plant 146C, grade 2 ("Body," 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1.. 2480 12950 1. 1 2.7 0. 41 0. 11 2 2145 12700 1.5 2.5 .60 .20

3 2045 13150 2.8 4.5 .62 . 11 4 2085 9020 3. 2 5.7 .56 .51

5 1830 7980 6.5 8.

1

.80 . 11 Avg 2115 11160 3.0 4.7 0.60 0.21

Table 2.

Properties of bricks produced in Massachusetts—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results

bej'ond

51 cycles

Plant 146C, grade 3 ("Tops," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 Ib/inJ % % %

1150 4660 12. 6 16.0 0. 79 0. 34

2 1010 4400 12.8 16.0 .80 .26

3 860 5030 15.0 17.4 .86 .48

4 820 4000 14.9 17.5 .85 .65

5 1300 6470 12.3 15.

1

.82 .27 Avg 1030 4910 13.5 16.4 0. 82 0.40

Plant 146C, grade 4 ("Light hard," 7 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 700 3650 15.4 18.8 0.82 0. 46

2 2200 9640 10.9 13. 5 .81 .31 3 750 5170 17. 5 20.8 .80 1.04

4 805 3710 15.9 20.0 .80 .82

5 1300 7300 15.0 17.

1

.88 .31 Avg 1150 5890 14.9 18.0 0. 83 0.59

Plant 160, grade 1 ("Arch," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 830 6730 11.6 13.8 0.84 0.22

2 1246 7590 10.8 12.0 .90 .25

3 940 5940 9.8 11.4 .86 .33

4 1490 6970 6. 2 7.5 .83 .12

5 1300 6750 3.7 4.3 .86 . 11 Avg 1160 6800 8.4 9.8 0.86 0. 2!

Plant 160, grade 2 ("Body," 60 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1885 8120 5.6 6.8 0. 82 0. 12 2 1655 6260 .5.6 7.

1

.64 .22

3 1640 6270 6.6 7.7 .73 .28

4 1090 5560 5.5 6.9 .80 .14

5 1526 5700 6.0 7.7 .78 . 11 Avg 1560 6380 5.6 7.2 0.76 0. 17

Plant 160, grade 3 ("Light Hard," 15 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 495 2210 16.6 18.5 0.90 0. 51 2 795 3380 13.3 16.0 .83 .14

3 685 3370 13.7 16.9 .86 .22

4 460 4720 17.8 19.6 .91 .61

6 805 2740 17.0 19.4 .88 .35 Avg 650 3280 16.7 17.9 0. 88 0. 37

Plant 170, grade 1 ("Body," 60 percent of kiln, WM, C)

Avg

316

400

1336

1260

830

9170

7150

4810

5570 8140

6970

7.4

8.3

5.

1

4.

1

3.2

9.6

10.6

8.1 6.7

5.3

6. 6 8. 1

0. 77 .78

.63 .61

.60

No test

0. 12 No test 0.00

.09

0.07

Plant 170, grade lA (" Second sample of grade 1")

Avg (5). 1430 8120 3.5 7.1 0.49 Not tested

Plant 170, grade 2 ("Bench," 20 percent of kiln, WM, C)

12

34

5Avg

1590 975

1015

565 1085

7200 6060

5530

3380

6080

8.6

1.9

10. 7 12.4 8.9

11.3 3.9

12.9

15.9

11. 1

0.76

.49

.83

.78 .80

0. 19

. 19 .09

. 21

. 19

1045 5650 8.5 11.0 0.73 0.17

[8]
Table 2.

Properties of bricks prochiced in Massachusetts—Continued

Table 2.Properties of bricks produced in Massachusetts—Continued

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coefTi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

ModWater ab- sorption

Saturation

coefli- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Kesults beyond

51 cycles

Plant 170, grade 2A ("Second sample of grade 2")

Plant 170, grade 3 ("Tops," 15 percent of kiln, WM, C)

1 780 4420 14.6 16.3 0. 90 1.13

2 675 5190 13.4 16.0 .84 0. 31

3 825 4920 14.6 16.3 .90 .11

4.. 710 4900 14.4 16.5 .87 F26c

5 1000 5240 12.4 14.8 .84 0. 12 Avg___. 800 4930 13.9 16.0 0. 87

Plant 179, grade 1 ("Arch, " 15 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1245 6720 9.6 12.3 0.77 Not tested

Plant 179, grade 2 ("Face," 70 percent of kiln, 8M, C)

Avg (5). 1185 6720 9.0 12.3 0.73 Not tested

Plant 179, grade 3 ("Salmon," 15 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

12.. ...

3.. ... 4... ... 5Avg

825

920

915

1060 870

4180

2600

4100

4500

3590

18.7 18.9

18.5

18.0

18.2

21.

1

25.8

21.6 20.8 21.0

0.89

.73

.86

.90

.87

0.35 (B)

. 25 (B)

.13 (B)

. 23 (B)

.23 (B)

920 3790 18.5 22.1 0.86 0. 24 (B)

Plant 191, grade 1 ("Bench," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 900 5570 8.5 10.8 0.76 Not tested

Plant 191, grade 2 ("Body," 60 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (S). 1045 6130 11.8 14.6 0.80 Not tested

Plant 191, grade 3 ("Light hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1... 1020 4520 16.0 17.9 0.84 0.48 (B)

2.... .. 990 4900 15.7 18.4 .85 .37 (B)

3.. 785 2560 19.4 21.4 .91 . 61 (B)

4.. 1000 2000 12.9 20.4 .63 .54 (B)

5.... . 805 4640 15.2 18.1 .84 .47 (B) Avg 920 3720 15.6 19.2 0. 81 0. 47 (B)

plant 205, grade 1 ("Clinker," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1110 6530 4.8 8.2 0. 56 Not tested

Plant 205, grade 2 ("Arch," 15 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Plant 205, grade 4 ("Salmon," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Iblin.i Iblin.i % %

Avg (5). 1195 6600 4.1 7.8 0.62 Not listed 12.

Avg.

lb/in:' 385

575

500

520

606

516

2460

2950

2200 3510

2780

2780

%

13.0

14.0

14. 1 13.6

13.5

13.6

%

16.9

17.4

17.4 17.0

17.1

17.2

0. 77

.81 .81 .80

.79

O.f

%

0.45 (B)

.45 (B)

. 54 (B)

. 56 (B)

.41 (B)

0.48 (B)

Plant 205, grade 6 ("Soft," 10 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

1. . 585 2950 16.6 18.3 0.91 2.41 (B)

2.. 740 4300 14.8 17.3 .86 0. 37 (B)

3..-. 640 3600 16.0 17.8 .90 . 28 (B)

4.. .... 695 3250 16.8 17.8 .89 2. 27 (B)

6 . 696 3270 15.7 18.0 .87 0, 37 (B) Avg 670 3470 16.8 17.8 0. 89 1. 14 (B)

Plant 211, grade 1 ("Hard," 60 percent of kiln, SM, O)

Avg (8). 675 4070 10.3 15.3 0.66 Not tested

Plant 211, Grade2("Light hard and interior backers," 40 percentof kiln, SM, C)

1 786

280 3250

1650

16.7

19.4 21.224.6

0. 79

.79

0. 23 (B)

2 1. 91 (B) Avg 535 2400 18.0 22.9 0. 79 1.07 (B)

Table 3.Properties of bricks produced in Connecticut

[All samples without exception were made from surface clay and formed by the sand-struck, soft-mud process. The descriptions have accordingly been omitted from the grade designations]

Water ab- Modsorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 24, grade 1 ("Colonial," 27 percent of kiln)

Ibjin.' Ibjin:' % % %

1 1100 9650 13.9 17.4 0.80 0. 14

2 1276 9300 14. 2 17.6 .81 .34

3 1340 9560 12.3 16. 1 .81 . 14 4 985 9320 14. 6 18. 5 .79 .26

6 1445 6830 16.9 20.6 .82 .25 Avg 1230 8930 14. 4 17.8 0. 81 0.23

Plant 24, grade 2 ("Dark reds," 40 percent of kiln)

Avg (5). 830 5480 7.9 1L9 0.67 Not tested 12 1060

545 936

740

636

7320

4570

6510

5890 5590

19. 1 21.8

19.9 20.3

20.8

21.6

25. 6 21.9

23. 1 24. 3

0. 88

.85

.91 .88

.86

0. 38

.60

1. 23

0. 42

.23

i... Plant 205, grade 3 ("Hard face," 50 percent of kiln, SM, C) 4

5. - . . Avg (6). 930 6150 10.8 13.7 0.78 Not tested Avg 780 6980 20.4 23.3 0.88 0. 57

[9]
Table 3. -Properties of bricks produced in Connecticut- Continued

Table 3.

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-lir cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 24, grade 3 ("Inside," 33 percent of kiln)

lb!in.

2

lb/in J % % % %

1 620 4810 21.8 24. 1 0. 90 0. 47 F 74c 2 390 3480 23.5 26.2 ,90 F 15c 3 530 3600 23.3 25. 1 .93 2.30 F 60c

500 3290 23.0 24. 4 .94 2. 80 F 75c

5 620 4090 22. 5 24.2 .93 0. 36 1. 42 (75c) Avg 630 3850 22.8 24.8 0. 92

Plant 34, grade 1 ("Face," 85 percent of kiln)

1 490 5620 13.8 17. 3 0.78 0. 14 (B)

2 485 4200 15.5 19.7 .79 .42 (B)

3 410 5850 16. 2 20. 6 .79 .29 (B)

4 625 6550 18.9 22.3 .85 . 13 (B)

5 415 3560 19. 5 23. 2 .84 .41 (B) Avg 485 5160 16.8 20. 6 0.81 0. 28 (B)

Plant 34, grade 2 ("Backup," 15 percent of kiln)

1 710 3400 20.3 23.

1

0.88 F 18c 2 1015 4470 18.9 21.7 .87 0.28

3 950 4130 18.9 21. 4 .88 . 13 4 560 4200 17.0 20. 6 .83 .85

5 500 3470 17.4 20.5 .85 .46 Avg 745 3930 18.5 21. 5 0. 86

Plant 35, grade 1 ("Arch and Sewer," 20 percent of kiln)

1 1200 8310 9.7 12.0 0.81 0.23

2 1140 11000 13.5 16.0 .84 .37

3 1205 9770 10.9 14. 1 .77 .38 4 630 14450 8.9 U. 4 .78 .38 5 1080 7070 14.6 17.2 .85 .66 Avg 1050 10120 11.5 14.

1

0.81 0. 40

Plant 35, grade 2 ("Dark face," 60 percent of kiln)

1 875 6690 16.8 19.5 0. 86 0. 54

2 1205 7100 15.3 17.7 .86 .59

3 1290 9250 13.7 16. 5 .83 .66

4 1020 7510 14.9 17.3 .86 .47

5 760 6950 16.0 18.3 .87 .71 Avg 1030 7500 15. 3 17.9 0. 80 0. 59

Plant 35. grade 3 ("Light hards or red face," 20 percent of kiln)

1 465 8030 14.5 17. 1 0. 85 0. 53

2 795 7840 17.4 18.0 .97 . 37

3 1000 7100 14.4 17.5 .82 .38

4 940 6640 15. 1 17.3 .87 .34

6 925 6470 18. 5 21. 7 .85 .25 Avg 825 7220 16.0 18.3 0. 87 0. 37

Plant 68, grade 1 ("Vitrified," 2 percent of kiln)

1 2380 10500 0.9 3.2 0. 28 0. 18 2 2700 15450 .0 0.5 .00

3 2840 15550 .5 .5 C) . 10 4 2350 17750 .5 LO .50 .29

5 2690 15450 .4 0.4 {") .09 Avg 2590 14940 0. 5 1.

1

0. 13

» These brick were weighed only to the nearest 5 grams. Witli these low absorptions, saturation coefficients have no significance, unless more

accurate weighings are made.

-Properties of bricks produced in Connecticut- Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 68, grade 2 ("Special facing," 5 percent of kiln)

Ib/in.i IhlinJ /o % %

1 2000 14250+ 6.3 8.5 0.74 0.00

2 1415 8520 5.4 8.3 .65 .00

3 1740 10700 4.8 8.0 .60 . 11 4 1470 8800 3.4 6.3 .54 .00

5 1635 7820 5.

1

8.0 .64 . 11 Avg 1650 10020+ 5.0 7.8 0.63 0. 04

Plant 08, grade 3 ("Colonial," 25 percent of kiln)

1 1900 7310 9.

1

11.5 0.79 0. 12

2 1605 10850 7.2 9.4 .77 .11

3 1345 8630 7.

1

9.5 .75 . 12

4 1070 5980 8.6 10.5 .82 .12

5 1805 8690 8.0 10.3 .78 .11 Avg 1545 8290 8.0 10.2 0.78 0.11

Plant 68, grade 4 ("Arch," 5 percent of kiln)

1 1635 8970 1.8 2.4 0. 75 0. 00

2 1230 8660 8.9 10.3 .86 .14

3 1135 8650 U. 4 12.6 .91 .24

4 915 8090 10.3 12.

1

.85 .12

5 1355 8680 6.7 8.3 .81 .33 Avg 1255 8610 7.8 9.1 0. 84 0. 17

Plant 68, grade 5 ("Red Outside," 30 percent of kiln)

1 920 7370 14.2 15.9 0.89 0.23

2 695 5600 14.

1

16.2 .87 .32

3 1420 6600 14. 2 16.2 .88 .96

4 990 6820 14.6 16.6 .88 .66

5 11.30 6290 10.7 12.7 .84 .40 Avg 1030 6540 13.6 15.5 0.87 0. 61

Plant 68, grade 6 ("Light outside," 30 percent of kiln)

1 1070 4500 18.

1

19.3 0.94 0. 47

2 1035 5680 17.8 20.6 .86 .43

3 740 4090 18.2 20.1 .91 .25

4 975 5740 17.8 19.6 .91 .49

5 4750 17.6 19.1 .92 .46 Avg 955 4950 17.9 19.7 0.91 0. 42

Plant 68, grade 7 ("Light hards," 3 percent of kiln) %

1 735 3800 20.0 23.4 0. 85 1. 14 1. 26(66c) 2 890 5520 18. 5 20.2 .92 F39c

3 755 3170 19.5 20.

1

.97 0. 47 0. 47(66c) 4 850 4500 18.4 19.1 .96 1.45 F 59e

5 430 4630 19.2 20.3 .95 F38c Avg 730 4320 19.1 20.6 0.93

Plant 68, grade 8 ("Special facing," percentage of kiln unknown)

1 835 4730 18.0 19.9 0. 90 0.26

2 965 2880 17.5 20.

1

.87 .27

3 1175 3240 16.7 20.0 .84 .40

4 670 4720 16.2 18.6 .87 .36

5 870 2950 17.8 20.8 .85 .49 Avg 905 3700 17.2 19.9 0.87 0.36

[10]
Table 3. -Properties of bricks produced in Conneclicut—

Continued

Table 3.-

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 76, grade 1 ("Arch," 2!5 percent of kiln)

IblinJ Ih/inJ % % %

1 1850 8780 11. 5 15.4 0. 76 0.11

2 1350 8200 9. 1 12.4 .73 .11

3 1715 10850 11.6 15.3 .76 .21

4 1980 8490 10.4 13. 7 .76 .11

5 2105 10200 12.6 16.0 .79 .11 Avg 1800 9300 11.0 14.6 0.76 0.13

Plant 76, grade 2 ("Light Hard," 25 percent of kiln)

1 1060 6280 16.0 21. 5 0.74 0.44

2 790 6180 20.4 22.4 .91 .53

3 1255 5640 19.9 22.7 .88 .57

4 915 7090 20. 5 21.1 .97 .94 860 6990 16. 7 22. 4 .75 .34 Avg 976 6440 18.7 22.0 0. 85 0.56 '

Plant 76, grade 3 ("Face," grades 3 and 4 together represent 50 percent

of kiln)

1 1240 8920 14.8 18. 7 0.79 0.26

2 1250 9500 14.6 18.7 .78 .24

3 1605 9400 15.0 19.0 .79 .26

4 1130 8550 16.4 18.8 .87 .36

5 1395 8920 13.4 18.3 .73 . 12 Avg 1325 9060 14.8 18.7 0.79 0. 25

Plant 76, grade 4 ("Special facing," grades 3 and 4 together represent

50 percent of kiln)

l... 2160 9730 11.7 14.2 0. 83 0.17

2 1150 8360 17.3 19.8 .87 .34

3 1470 10400 16.0 19.3 .83 .34

4 1695 10950 13.6 16.4 .83 . 29 (B)

5 1390 7810 16.3 19.7 .83 .41 Avg 1575 9450 15.0 17.9 0. 84 0. 31 (A &

B)

Plant 106, grade 1 ("Special facing," 2 percent of kiln)

Avg (5). 1370 10230 8.0 13.6 0.59 Not tested

Plant 106, grade 2 ("Outside," 67 percent of kiln)

123

4

5Avg

1170

1620

1140 686

1260

9920

10670

8260

7140 9640

14.5

14.1

14.5 15.2

14.1

17.1 16.6

17.5 17.9

16.8

0.85

.85

.83

.86 .84

0.40

.24

.24 1.43

0. 27

1175 9100 14.5 17. 2 0. 84 0.52

Plant 106, grade 3 ("Arch," 14 percent of kiln)

12.._

3.

4. _ 5Avg

580

960

590 700

1065

4080

6170 4150

3740

5460

21.5

21.0

22.0

21.7 20.0

24.5

26.0 26.4

24.8

24.5

0.88

.84 .87

.87 .82

0. 48 F 13c

0. 57

1.00 F 26c (B)

780 4720 21.2 24.8 0.86

-Properiies of bricks produced in donuecliciil Contiiuicd

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coelTi- cicnt

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Hcsiilt:; beyond

51 cycles

Plant 106, grade 4 ("Inside," 17 percent of kiln)

1 ._ Iblin:' Iblin.' % % /o 540 4310 21.6 23.8 0. 90 F 28c

2 825 4150 19.9 24.1 .83 0. 36

3 570 3920 20.0 23.6 .85 .49

4 330 1720 22. 6 28.9 .78 3. 66

5 335 1860 22.4 28.3 .79 3.03 Avg 520 3190 21.3 25.7 0. 83

Plant 153A, grade 1 ("No. 1 Hard," 20 percent of kiln)

1 1530 10000 4.3 6.4 0. 67 0.11

2 1760 10650 3.8 5.0 .76 .00 3 1790 11700 3.

1

5.2 .60 .00 (B)

4._ _ 1740 9160 3.4 5.7 .60 . 11 5 1970 9170 2.0 3.4 .69 .27 6 2070 11300 3.3 4.4 .76 .11 Avg 1810 10330 3.3 5.0 0.66 0.10 (A&

B)

Plant 153A, grade 2 ("No. 2 Hard," 20 percent of kiln)

1 1340 8270 11.8 16.5 0.76 0. 60 2 850 6910 12.6 16.

1

.78 .35

3 1035 7600 11.8 15.4 .77 .59

4 6160 16.4 19. 2 .86 3. 66

6 845 4240 16. 5 18.9 .82 0.80

6 1330 6690 10.8 14.6 .74 .32 Avg 1080 6640 13.2 16.6 0.79 1.04

Plant 153A, grade 3 ("No. 1 Medium," 20 percent of kiln)

1 866 5850 16.2 17.4 0. 87 0.46

2 710 5150 16.8 18.8 .89 .42

3 665 5560 17.8 20.4 .87 .40

4 690 4900 17. 2 19.8 .87 .90

5 665 4870 17.3 20.0 .87 1. 10

6 935 4850 17.5 19.8 .88 0. 57 Avg 756 5200 17.0 19.4 0. 88 0.64

Plant 153A, grade 4 ("No. 2 Medium," 20 percent of kiln)

1 596 4060 18.1 20.0 0.91 0. 63

2 4040

4080

18.2 20.0 .91

.88

.73

3 375 17.4 19.7 1.23

4 1040 4430 17.3 19.5 .89 0. 45 5- 575 3800 18.9 21.

1

.90 .78

6 406 3730 18.6 20.5 .91 L54 Avg 600 4020 18.1 20.

1

0. 90 0.89

Plant 163A, grade 5 ("Soft," 20 percent of kiln)

1 670 2700 18.6 25.3 0.74 0.94

2 430 2530 19.8 24.8 .79 3.69

3 420 2370 20.4 26.0 .79 6. 50

4 715 4210 18.3 21.7 .84 0. 68

6 596 3680 16.6 20.4 .81 .51

6 496 3630 18.3 20.9 .88 1. 65 Avg 656 3190 18.6 23.2 0.81 2.33

[11]
Table 3.

Properties of bricks produced in Connecticut—

Continued

Table 3.Properties of bricks produced in Connecticut—

Continued

Water ab- sorption ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive 48-hr number rup- strength cold 5-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing sion

Saturation

coeifi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

nmnber

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 153B, grade 1 ("Hard," 20 percent of kiln) Plant 153C, grade 3 ("No. 2 Medium," 30 percent of kiln)

lb/in.2 lb/in.' % % %

1 890 7550 15.6 17.0 0. 92 0.14 2 2070 9090 13.4 15.3 .88 .13

3 1715 8600 11.9 14.9 .80 .45 4 1275 8210 15.5 17.4 .89 .13

5 1815 7130 9.1 10.5 .87 .26 6 2170 9120 10.3 U.O .94 .14 Avg 1655 8280 12.6 14.4 0.88 0. 21

Ib/inJ IblinJ % % %

1 _ 995 3950 12.8 16.5 0.78 0.49

2 1265 5110 12.

1

16. 2 .75 .20

3_ _ 1030 3040 U.O 14. 5 .76 .28

4 1275 4310 9.6 11. 4 .84 .12

5 1210 3110 12.7 16.8 .76 .13

6 1110 3670 9.6 11.5 .83 .00 Avg 1155 3860 11.30 14.5 0.79 0.20

Plant 153B, grade 2 ("No. 1 Medium," 30 percent of kiln) Plant 153C, grade 4 ("Soft," 20 percent of kiln)

1 1105 5590 17.9 18.5 0.97 0.93

2. 1580 6560 18. 2 19.0 .96 .29

3 1040 4430 20.3 21.3 .95 F 19c

i 1130 6320 17.9 18. 5 .97 0.37 5 875 7250 15.2 17.2 .88 .66 6 1020 5340 17.2 18.5 .93 .26 Avg 1125 5920 17.8 18.8 0.94

Plant 153B, grade 3 ("No. 2 Medium," 30 percent of kiln)

1 890 5780 19.1 2L3 0.90 F 29c

2 650 5000 19.5 22.

1

.88 F 17c 3 5050 19.3 21.7 .89 3.40 4 540 6410 21.0 22.5 .93 F 26c

5 860 5190 19.7 22 2 .89 F 44c

6 -- 1070 7170 19.7 21.8 .90 F 18c Avg 800 5770 19.7 21.9 0.90

Plant 153B, grade 4 ("Soft," 20 percent of kiln)

1 1200 8130 14.5 15.8 0.92 0.27 2 840 5440 19.7 20.4 .96 F 16c

3 1060 5320 20.0 20.6 .97 F 30c

4 1095 7070 18.4 20.4 .90 F 33c

5 1130 6400 20.2 21.6 .93 F 30c

6 940 4060 21.4 22.

1

.97 F 15c Avg 1045 6070 19.0 20. 2 0.94

1 Plant 153C, grade 1 ("Hard," 20 percent of kiln)

1 670 2940 18. 6 22.4 0. 83 0.45

2 605 2300 18.6 22.3 .83 .37

3 790 2580 20.0 22. 2 .90 .59

4 455 2.540 19.0 22.

1

.86 .85

5 540 2680 19. 5 23.1 .84 .73

6 825 1920 18.6 25. 5 .73 5.00 Avg 650 2490 19.0 22.9 0. 83 1. .33

1 1125 6310 7.1 11.7 0. 61 0. 26

2 1000 5190 7.4 11.7 .63 .37

3 855 5200 7.0 11.5 .61 .38

4__. 895 4750 6.4 11.4 .56 .29

5 1070 5890 8.2 12.0 .68 .25 6 620 3760 7.5 12.6 .60 .34 Avg 925 5020 7.3 11.8 0. 62 0. 32

Plant 153C, grade 2 ("No. 1 Medium," 30 percent of kiln)

1 1435 5860 9.6 11.5 0. 83 0.00 2 1185 6580 8.5 12.

1

.70 .48 3 1040 4370 9.9 11.2 .89 .00

4 1175 U.O 14.9 .74 .13

5 1285 4000 8.6 12,9 .67 . 12 6 945 4290 U.3 15.0 .75 .00 Avg 1175 5020 9.8 12.9 0.76 0. 12

Plant 175, grade 1 ("Bottom," 20 percent of kiln)

1 1500 9330 8.4 U.2 0. 75 0.11

2 . 1885 9090 6.4 9.3 .69 .12

3 1335 6980 10.0 13.6 .73 .12

4 1455 10230 8.0 10.8 .74 .11

5 1910 7940 6.4 9.3 .69 .12

6 540 7500 9.6 12.6 .76 .24 Avg 1440 8510 8.1 11.

1

0. 73 0. 14

Plant 175, grade 2 ("Middle and top," 60 percent of kiln)

1 790 7860 13.9 16.3 0. 85 0.35

2_ 1000 7030 14.0 16.3 .86 .11 3 1370 6060 14. 1 16.4 .86 .23

4 1280 7730 14.4 16.7 .86 .60

5 1135 6810 12.3 14. 6 .84 .12

6 860 5490 16.2 18.4 .88 .30 Avg 1070 6830 14. 2 16.4 0.86 0.28

Plant 175, grade 3 ("Arch," 10 percent of kiln)

12

3Avg

1635

1225

750

9740

9570 9040

7.9

7.0 7.0

9.6

10.2

10.5

0.82

.69

.67

0.11

.13 .12

1205 94.50 7. 3 10.1 0.73 0.12

Plant 175, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln)

12

3Avg

1035 970

810

5460

6020 5160

16. 6

16. 7 16.8

18. 3 19.0

18. 5

0.91

.88

.91

L49

0.36

.45

940 5880 16.7 18.6 0.90 0.73

Plant 176, grade 1 ("Arch or clinkers," 5 percent of kiln)

Avg (5). 1365 8240 6.8 9.0 0. 75

1 Not tested

|

[12]
Table 3.

Properties of bricks produced in Connecticut —

Continued

Table 4.Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Contin ucd

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

cocfTi- ciont

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

nimiber

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 176, grade 2 ("Dark face," 20 percent of kiln)

Avg(6).

Z6/m.2 Ibjin.^ 1675 8760 %

L9 %

4.4 0.35 %

Not tested

Plant 176, grade 3 ("Common face," 40 percent of kiln)

Plant 45, grade 1 ("Commercial hard," 92 percent of kiln)

1.... 2....

3. _..

4. _.. 5_._. Avg

Iblin.i 410

320 475

545

485

445

Iblin.i 7110 3970

7780 6050

5280

6040

%

11.2

15. 7 10.9

10.4

14. 2

13. 1

%

18. 3

19. 5 14.0

14. 3 18.2

16.9

0. 78 .80 .78

.73

.78

0.77

1.79

0. 93 .47

.66

.95

0. 96

l.._. 2__..

3....

4. __.

5. ---

Avg,

1815 2010

1810 2160

1640

1885

8960

7800 8260

9450

8670

10. 7 9.0

9.0

11.9

10.8

11.9

10.3

10.8

11.

1

0.90

.83

.81 .87

0.86

0. 36 (B)

.12 (B)

. 23 (B)

.14 (B)

.24 (B)

0. 22 (B)

Plant 176, grade 4 ("Light face," 30 percent of kiln^

1 1430 7820 12.9 14. 7 0.88 0. 86

2 1500 7450 12.6 14.8 .85 .68

3 1295 8250 13.4 14. 6 .92 .47

4 1280 7190 14.1 16.5 .85 .59

5 1375 7250 12. 7 14. 6 .87 . 25 Avg 1375 7590 13. 1 15.0 0. 87 0. 57

Plant 176, grade 5 ("Light hard," 5 percent of kiln)

1 790 4550 16.9 19.2 0.88 0.58

2 1390 5660 19.3 20.0 .96 F 42c

3._ 715 2600 19.2 20.9 .92 7. 56 4 530 2630 19. 5 20. 7 .94 8. 60

5 1405 2640 17.4 18.7 .93 0.50

6 675 3390 20.3 22.

1

.92 4.88 Avg 920 3580 18.8 20.3 0.92

Table 4.

Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District

[With one exception, all plants reported that their samples were made

from surface clay. The exception (plant 187) submitted one grade made from a clay-shale mixture. All of these bricks were formed by

the sand-struck, soft-mud processl

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 23, grade 1 ("Commercial hard," 98 percent of kiln)

Ibjin.^ Iblin.i % % % %

1 580 4360 18.0 21.8 0.83 0.90 0. 90{75c) 2 745 4040 16. 7 21.2 .79 .61 . 76(75c)

3 600 4600 18.6 22. 1 .84 .55 . 59(75c)

4 425 3620 18.9 22.6 .84 LOO 1. 77(75c)

5 725 4980 17. 7 21. 1 .84 0.68 0. 95(75c) Avg 615 4320 18.0 21.8 0.83 0.87 0. 99(75c)

Plant 45, grade 2 ("Arch," 6 percent of kiln)

1 670 4800 15.3 19.4 0.79 0.98 2 300 5930 11.3 15.0 .75 1. 13 3 3,55 4820 14.3 18.4 .78 0.68

4 385 5610 13.9 18. 2 .76 .44

5 490 5990 13.9 18.0 .77 .70 Avg 440 5430 13. 7 17.8 0.77 0. 79

Plant 45, grade 3 ("Salmon," 2 percent of kiln)

1 445 2440 10.4 17. 2 0. 61 1. 79 2 390 2200 13.8 20. 2 .68 F 27c

3 280 2380 10.8 18. 3 .59 I. 36

4. 420 3600 12. 1 19.2 .63 3.65

5 535 2920 9.5 17.6 .54 0.81 Avg 415 2710 11. 3 18. 5 0.61

Plant 46, grade 1 ("Commercial hard," 97 percent of kiln)

l._ 610 4120 15.4 19.4 0.79 0.46

2 900 3800 12.6 16.3 .77 L20

3 705 5510 15.2 18. 6 .82 0.41

4 620 3850 14.0 18.

1

.77 .47

5 710 4590 15.8 19. 1 .83 .53

6 670 5420 15.4 18.8 .82 .68

7 710 4630 15.8 19.6 .81 .25

8 445 4830 15.6 19. 1 .82 .35

9 855 4580 14, 6 17.9 .81 .28

10 800 5500 14.9 18. 5 .81 .48 Avg 705 4680 14.9 18.5 0.80 0.51

Plant 75, grade 1 ("Select all hard," 50 percent of kilnl

1 785 5260 14.7 18.4 0.80 0. 75 2 710 5840 15. 5 18.6 .83 No test 3 780 6130 15.0 18.4 .82 do

4 840 5190 15.6 18.8 .83 0.83

5 810 5600 13.4 17.7 .76 .61 Avg 785 5600 14.8 18.4 0. 81 0.73

Plant 75, grade 2 ("Run of kiln, hard," 90 percent of kiln)

1 920 5890 16.0 18.7 0.86 0. 70 2 480 4820 13. 5 17.5 .77 .64

3 540 4780 16. 5 19.8 .83 .66

4 4800 16.4 19.3 .85 .72

5Avg

685 5360 12.7 16.4 .77 .36

655 5130 15.0 18.3 0. 82^ 0.62

Plant 75, grade 3 ("Hard swelled or lammies," 5 percent of kiln)

Avg.

C)

6180

7100

7420 8010

7130

4.0

4. 7 4.4 4.2

3.7

6.4

7.8

9.4

7.2

5.9

7.3

0.63 .60

.47

.58

.63

0.58

0.32

.62

.25

. 12 .14

0.29

' Too irregular in shape for determination of modulus of rupture.

[13]
Table 4.

Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continued

Table 4. -Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continued

ModWater ab- sorption

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

ModWater ab- sorption

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr

cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 75, grade 4 ("Salmons," 10 percent of kiln)

Iblin.' % % % %

1 315 2450 17. 2 21.4 0.80 F 42c

2 560 2340 19.9 25. 5 .78 9. 70 F 51c 3 460 2660 17.8 20.8 .86 2. 74 5. 96 (63c) 4 355 2230 17.

1

20.6 .83 F 33c

5 285 1010 24.6 32. 1 .77 F 2c Avg 395 2140 19.3 24. 1 0. 81

Plant 88, grade 1 ("Common," 95 percent of kiln)

1 645 3250 19.4 23.0 0.84 0. 97 0. 97 (54c) 2 640 3390 19.1 22.8 .89 .87 1. 11 (54c) 3 660 4030 13.5 17.7 .76 .59 0.59 (54c) 4 435 7240 15.9 19.1 .83 .64 . 64(540)

5 780 4370 16.4 20.1 .82 .90 1.20 (54c) 6 590 3970 18.1 22.6 .80 1.17 1. 55(54c)

7 1100 4610 13.7 17.9 .77 0. 63 1. 26 (54c) 8 605 4310 17.2 21.6 .80 1.59 1.73 (54c) 9 850 5920 18.4 22.7 .81 0. 85 1.27 (54c) 10 415 4440 17.2 21.9 .79 .94 0. 94 (54c) Avg 670 4550 16.9 20.9 0. 81 0. 92 1. 13(54c)

Plant 94, grade 1 ("Hard," 95 percent of kUn)

1 795 3380 18.7 22.5 0. 83 2.40 2. 40 (54c) 2 535 4680 11.1 14.1 .79 1.86 1.86 (54c) 3 1450 4530 5.9 8.8 .67 5.60 5. 75 (54c) 4 665 4900 13.4 16.5 .81 L86 2. 12(540)

5 1100 5600 15. 5 18.3 .85 0. 42 0. 42 (54c) 6 1095 4900 19.9 23.

1

.86 .64 .64(540)

7 -- 855 4740 18.3 21.6 .85 F 48c

8 410 2550 21.3 25.0 .85 F 39c

9 645 3060 22.2 24.8 .90 1.20 1. 37 (54c) 10 - 595 2470 21.6 24.7 .88 4. 97 6. 33 (54c) Avg 815 4080 16.8 19.9 0.83

Plant 94, grade lA ("Second sample (1936) of gradel," 95 percent of kUn)

(24-hr)

1 400 3540 14.5 19.1 0.76 L 80

2 -. 580 3750 18.7 21.9 .85 1.20

3 425 3590 19.1 22. 7 .84 1. 73

4 500 4460 18.8 22.0 .85 1.62

5 290 2320 18.3 20.3 .90 1.79

6_. 460 3880 18.7 21. 1 .89 1. 92

7 470 3010 19.0 22.3 .85 1. 36

8 375 3000 18.9 22.0 .86 1.20

9 310 3230 18.8 23.0 .82 1.70

10 480 3600 18.1 20.3 .89 1.08

11 680 5480 15.9 19.5 .82 0.94

12 445 2950 19.3 23.2 .83 1.30

13 450 3550 17.9 22.

1

.81 1. 14

14 635 3520 18.6 22.

1

.84 1.21

15 445 4180 16.1 20.8 .77 0. 99

16 370 2710 20.0 23.0 .87 1.71

17 445 3300 19.2 22.7 .85 1.63

18 425 4240 18.0 21.4 .84 1.20

19 635 3740 18.2 21.3 .86 1.26 20 610 3800 18.1 21.1 .86 1.75 Avg 465 3620 18.2 2L6 0.84 1.42

Plant 94, grade 2 ("Light hard," 5 percent of kiln)

1 475 1260 14.5 21.4 0.68 0. 85 1.02(54c)

2 755 4250 18.9 25.6 .74 8. 50 8. 92 (54c) 3 615 1440 11.9 18.3 .66 0. 73 0. 92 (54c) 4 970 4100 16.6 22.6 .73 1.40 2. 10 (54c) 5 2180 17.

1

20.7 .83 4.70 4. 90 (64c) Atg 705 2650 16.8 21.7 0. 73 3.24 3. 67 (54c)

Plant 95, grade 1 ("Kiln run," 93 to 95 percent of kiln)

Ib/in.i lb/in.' % % % %

1 946 6020 12.4 16.2 0. 82 0. 61 2 515 5290 14.0 17.3 .81 .34

3 940 7270 5.2 9.0 .58 .26

4 546 5390 16.3 18.8 .81 .59

6 685 5190 16.3 17.8 .86 .86

6_. 4530 16.0 19.4 .82 .92

7 720 4730 14.6 18.0 .81 .67

8 520 4810 15.3 18.8 .81 .82

9 570 5270 13.3 16.9 .79 .86

10 565 7400 12.0 15.8 .76 .88

11 595 4940 12.6 16.1 .78 1.21

12 475 5340 12. 7 16.0 .79 0. 78

13 685 5660 12.7 16.9 .80 .77

14 616 6600 11.7 15.3 .76 .73

15 475 5400 12.3 16.0 .77 .74 Avg 626 5690 13.0 16.4 0.80 0.74

Plant 95, grade_2 ("Lammies," 0.5 percent of kiln)

Avg (5)__ 6340 5. 0 11. 8 0. 43 Not tested

Plant 96, grade 3 ("Heading course—hard," 1.25 percent of kiln)

Avg (6)__ 580 2810 11.6 21.8 0. 53 Not tested

Plant 95, grade 4 ("Heading course—light," 26 percent of kiln)

1 716 3190 16.

1

25.9 0. 62 2.70 3. 23 (57c) 2 926 2880 9.1 17.0 .64 0. 52 0.78 (57c) 3 615 3020 17.7 26.9 .66 2. 17 2. 48(570)

4 355 1460 19.0 28.9 .66 7.50 8. 19 (67c) 5 195 1770 19. 2 28.7 .67 9.02 F 57c Avg 540 2460 16.2 25.5 0.63 4. 38

Plant 95, grade 5 ("Light hards," 2 percent of kiln)

1 176 2630 16.3 18.9 0. 86 3.28 3. 66 (57c) 2 230 2630 15.9 18.3 .87 2. 34 2. 46 (57c) 3 235 1030 18.0 28.

1

.64 8. 77 9. 25 (57c) 4 165 1120 16.7 28.4 .59 4. 60 5. 20 (57e)

5 145 1920 14.2 22.7 .63 5. 31 5. 60 (57c) Avg 190 1860 16.2 23.3 0. 72 4. 86 5. 23 (67c)

Plant 95, grade 6 ("Select," 70 percent of kiln)

1 890 5090 9.7 13.7 0. 71 0.49

2 __. 670 3310 12.6 17.6 .72 1.14

3 875 4710 11.8 16.3 .72 0. 66

4 780 4700 9.

1

13.6 .67 .52

6 1036 4810 10.3 15.

1

.68 .73

6 796 5380 9.6 14.4 .63 .60

7 916 4240 9.8 14.7 .62 .87

8 656 4040 13.0 17.1 .76 .69

9 785 5020 n.i 15.8 .70 1.06

;o 900 4880 11.3 16. 2 .70 0. 71

11 660 3610 12.7 17.5 .72 1.09

12 810 4930 10.7 16.0 .67 0.46 Avg 816 4560 11.0 15.7 0. 69 0. 75

[14]
Table 4.

Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continued

ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive number rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Weight

Satu- loss at 51 ration cycles or

coeffi- number of cient cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 130, grade 1 ("Kiln run," 90 percent of kiln)

Iblin.' Ib/in.i % % %

1 905 4500 15.3 18.7 0. 82 Not tested

2 410 4330 16.4 20. 1 .82 0. 63

3 860 6950 12,0 14.4 .83 Not tested

4 1250 6100 9.9 12.8 .77 0. 43

5 725 5040 13.7 17.0 .81 .52

6 4930 13.4 17.8 .75 Not tested

7. 580 4320 15.5 18.6 .83 0. 62

8 265 5130 12.6 16.5 .76 - .67

9 335 5850 10. 5 14.3 .73 .61

10 590 5500 13.9 18.3 .76 .88

11 780 5810 14.7 18.0 .82 .67

12 970 6730 16. 5 18. 6 .89 .83

13 7170 15.5 17.3 .90 1.11

14 925 5850 16.3 18.9 .86 0. 89

15 930 7080 J6.0 18.0 .89 .98

16 605 6380 16.9 19.9 .85 .98

17 595 6080 15.7 19.0 .83 .50

18 660 5810 14.6 18.5 .79 .52

19 760 5570 16.2 19.2 .85 .96*

20 805 6770 12.8 16.8 .76 .41 Avg 720 5800 14.4 17.6 0. 82 0. 72

Plant 130, grade 2 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln)

1 450 2790 20.0 23.2 0. 86 F 9c

2 2720 20.0 22.2 .90 F 9c

3 2680 21.1 23.6 .89 F Ic

4 2770 19.8 23.2 .85

.84

^ F 9c

5 485 3160 19.4 23.2 F 21c Avg 470 2820 20. 1 23.1 0. 87 F 10c

Plant 136, grade 1 ("Arch," 33J4 percent of kiln)

1 740 3050 15.4 20.0 0. 77 1.23

2 595 3130 4.7 8.3 .57 0.47

3 1290 4220 8,9 1.3.0 .68 .41 4 755 3150 14.0 18.5 .76 .76

5 1075 4220 11.2 15.1 .74 .53 Avg 890 3550 10.8 15.0 0. 70 0. 68

Plant 136, grade 2 ("Middle," SSVi percent of kiln)

1 920 3710 18.7 22.9 0. 82 2. 41 2 690 4440 15.7 19.9 .79 0.60

3 555 3310 17.7 22,0 .80 .43 4 845 3870 16.7 21.3 .78 .54

5 560 3350 16.9 20.9 .81 .54 Avg 715 3740 17.1 21.4 0.80 0. 90

Plant 136, gra(ie 3 ("Top," 33H percent of kiln)

1 610 3140 17.6 22.3 0. 79 1.42

2 730 3230 17.9 22, 5 ,80 0. 66

3 655 3630 17.8 22.7 .78 .30

4 745 3880 17.4 21.7 .80 .87

5 655 3660 16.4 19.8 .78 .62 Avg 680 3510 17.2 21.8 0. 79 0. 77

Plant 147, grade 1 ("Arch," 18 percent of kiln)

1 _ 1120 8010 9.7 12.1 0.80 0. 48

2 565 6330 8.9 12.0 .74 1.52

3 935 5460 16.4 19.6 .84 0.62 Avg 875 6270 11.7 14.5 0.79 0. 87

Table 4.

Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 147, grade 2 ("Second bench," 18 percent of kiln)

1 _ 2

3.. Avg

1080

1275

1285

Iblin.i 5100 7900 6250

%

14.6

11.6 12.2

%

18.5 14.2

16.0

0. 79 .82

.76

%

0.51

.39

.64

1215 6420 12.8 16.2 0.79 0. 51

Plant 147, grade 3 ("Third bench," 18 percent of kiln)

1_. 2

3

Avg... .

770

395

5490

5660 6010

8.3

9.5 8.3

12.4 12.4

11. 5

0. 67

.77

.72

0.28

.32

.25

580 5720 8.7 12. 1 0. 72 0.28

Plant 147, grade 4 ("Fourth bench," 18 percent of kiln)

12

3Avg . , .

1120

1360

1180

7620

7000

7150

12.4 13.0

14.

1

15.0

15.0

16.3

0.83

.87

.87

0. 52

.68

.59

1220 7220 13.2 15.4 0. 86 0.60

Plant 147, grade 5 ("Fifth bench," 18 percent of kiln)

12

3Avg

1090

1195

1125

2810

4270 6750

17.

1

17.3

17.5

20, 1 20.4

20.8

0. 86

.85

.84

L18

0. 86

.78

1135 4590 17.3 20.4 0. 85 0.94

Plant 147, grade 6 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln)

12

3Avg_

600

510

535

5500

3010 2240

20. 5 19.7

20.5

24. 3 26.5

26.9

0. 84

.74

.76

2. 42

1. 81

1.42

550 3580 20. 2 25.9 0. 78 1. 88

Plant 148, grade 1 ("Kiln run hard—top," 30 percent of kiln)

1 725 3970 16.9 19. 3 0. 82 I. 45

2 540 3750 16.4 20. 5 .80 1. 66

3 645 3350 16.6 19.6 .84 2.60

4 625 4110 14.6 18.3 .80 1.47

5 725 3590 16. 2 19. 5 .83 2.08 Avg 650 3750 16.

1

19.4 0. 82 L 86

Plant 148, .tirade 2 ("Kiln run hard—middle.' 30 percent of kiln)

1 795 4770 15.6 18.8 0. 83 1. 13 2 670 3530 15.7 18.7 .84 0.96

3 810 3900 16.0 18.8 .85 1.26

4 715 3530 16.3 19.3 .84 0.96

6 785 3430 16.9 20.

1

.84 1.04 Avg 765 3830 16.

1

19.1 0.84 1.78

Plant 148, grade 3 ("Kiln run hard—bottom.' 30 percent of kiln)

1 725 3170 16.2 19.5 0. 83 0, 79

2 575 3220 16.0 18.9 .85 .60

3 625 3770 16. 2 18.6 .87 .75

4 536 4420 15.4 18.3 .84 .96

5 465 4650 15.7 18.9 .83 .63 Avg 585 3850 15.9 18.8 0.84 0.74

261299°—40 3 [IS]
Table 4.

Properties of bricks prnduced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continued

Table 4.-

Speci- mcn

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strenifth ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or niunber of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 148, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln)

Iblin.i- Ib/in.^ % % %

1 ill, 3630 16. 1 18. 5 0. 87 2. 18 2 175 1925 20.4 27.0 .76 9. 50

3 180 1680 19.2 23. 3 .82 F 3c

4 285 1650 18.6 23.

1

.81 9. fiO 5 255 1385 2L2 30.3 .67 F 33c Avg 275 2050 19.1 24.4 0.79

Plant 149, grade 1 ("Top." 30 percent of kiln)

1 870 515(1 13.6 16.7 0.81 0.86

2 925 3540 10.8 15.8 .68 .43

1585 8140 3.4 4. 1 .67 . 27

4 1215 6520 8.9 11.

1

.80 . 59

5 1160 5140 1.3.1 15,4 .85 .46 Avg 1150 5700 10.0 12.6 0.76 0. 52

Plant 149, grade 2 ("Middle," 30 percent of kiln)

1 505 2310 16.4 20. 7 0. 79 0. 86

2 750 2420 16.0 19.9 .80 .90

3. -. 695 2920 12.3 17.3 .71 .61

4 420 2420 13.6 18.2 .75 .91

5.. 720 3490 10.3 14.7 .70 .59 Avg 630 2710 13.7 18.2 0. 75 0.77

Hant 149, grade 3 ("Bottom," 30 percent cf kiln)

1 870 352(1 13.9 17.7 0. 78 0.88

2 590 2600 11.3 15.8 .72 .75

3 790 2750 10.2 15.0 .68 .68

4 750 3370 15. 2 18.8 .81 .72

,5_ __ 565 2720 15.3 19.3 .79 .80 Avg 715 3000 13.2 17.3 0. 76 0. 77

Plant 155, grade 1 ("Kiln run hard—top," 30 percent of kiln)

1 540 3180 16.2 20.8 0. 78 F 33c

2 465 2330 15.2 19.6 .78 0.88

3 580 2570 16.8 21.0 .80 .98

4 560 2900 15.1 19.5 .77 1. 64

5 640 3240 15.2 19.6 .78 0. 73 Avg -. 560 2840 15.7 20.

1

0 78

Plant 155, grade 2 ("Kiln run hard—middle," 30 percent of kiln)

1 475 2770 14.9 19. 0 0. 78 0.69

2 325 2420 12.3 17.8 .09 .55

3 430 2490 17.5 21.9 .75 .75

4 410 2790 12.2 17.4 .70 .52

5 670 3670 15.4 20.

1

.77 .94 Avg 460 2830 14.5 19.2 0.74 0.69

Plant 155, grade 3 ("Kiln run hard—bottom," .30 percent of kiln)

-Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continueti

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coelTi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 155, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln)

Ib/inJ lb/in J % % %

1 425 1780 19.0 23.0 0. 83 F 1.5e 2__ 310 2300 18. 6 22.9 .81 F 42c

3 300 990 23.5 31.6 .74 F 15c

4 215 940 23.9 32.8 .73 F 15c

5 345 1420 19.3 , 24.5 .79 F 42c Avg 320 1480 20.9 27.0 0.78 F 26c

Plant 174, grade 1 ("Arch," 40 percent of kiln)

1 700 4070 11.3 15.0 0. 75 0.46

2 5120 49803.9 6.2 .63 .16

3 1220 11.6 14.8 .78 .39

4 425 5510 2.

1

4.2 .50 .28

5.. 690 4000 6.6 9.9 .67 .33 Avg 735 4740 7.1 10.0 0. 67 0. 32

Plant 174, grade 2 ("All hard—middle and top," 90 percent of kiln)

1 540 3260 17.3 21.5 0.80 1. 11

2 530 3460 16.8 20.8 .81 0.67

3 650 4020 13.8 18.1 .76 .29

4 300 2480 12.6 15.2 .83 .54

5 595 3220 16.0 20.7 .77 .40

6 480 2.580 16.5 20.9 .79 1.14

7 615 3700 16,6 20.

1

.78 0. 78

8 450 3440 15.4 19.9 .77 .64

9 590 3670 16.5 20.1 .82 .73

10 565 3490 13.8 18.2 .76 .63 Avg 530 3330 15.4 19.6 0.79 0.69

Plant 174, grade 3 ("Light hard or salmon," 6 percent of kiln)

1 34(! 1960 23.5 29. 5 0.80 8.78 (B)

0. 54 (B)

. 90 (B) No test

2 395 2720 20.7 23.2 .89

3 3010 20.0 23.0 .87

4 435 1770 24.0 30.1 .80

5 425 3400 19. 5 21.8 .89 do Avg 400 2670 21. 5 26.6 0. 86 3. 41 (B)

Plant 181, grade 1 ("Kiln run," 100 percent i>f kiln)

1 520 4280 18.1 19.4 0.93 0.25 (B)

2 470 3570 19.0 21.4 .89 .80 (B)

3 470 3770 17.2 19.0 .91 .52 (B)

4 470 4290 15.5 19.8 .78 . 48 (B)

6 940 2850 17.0 24.0 .71 F 5c (B)

6 790 3560 10.8 15.8 .66 0. 50 (B)

7 1080 2960 12.6 17.1 .74 .36 (B)

8 1430 .5630 8.6 12.2 .70 . 29 (B)

Q 1335 4570 9.0 13.3 .68 . 24 (B)

10 1140 2800 9.2 13.8 .67 .26 (B)

11 . 1005 33,50 11.3 15.7 .72 .38 (B)

12 1425 4540 9.0 13.2 .68 . 14 (B)

13 845 3970 19.7 22.7 .87 F 8c (B)

14 700 2720 19.3 22.1 .87 F 50c (B)

15 375 2730 18.2 20.1 .91 F Ic (B) Avg 865 3710 14.3 18.0 0.78

Plant 181, grade 2 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln)

1 676

590

350

645

810

244C 2720

2130

3010

3170

10.8

12.0

17. 2 12.5

10. 5

15. 6 16.5 21.6

17.0 15.2

II. 09 .73

.80

.74

.69

0. 36

.03 .90 .54 .58

1 475 3530

3630

3010 3070

2970

19.1 19.6 20.0 20.0

19.8

22.7 20.6

22.7

23.2

22.7

0. 84

.95

.88 .86

.87

F 4c (B) F 21c (B) F 9c (B) F 18c (B) F 2c (B)

2 2

3 3 4... 4 460

5 5 425 Avg 615 2810 12.6 17.2 0.73 0.60 Avg 455 3240 19.7 22.4 0.88 F 11c (B)

[16]
Table 4.

Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Conipressive strength

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 181, grad e 3I("B()dy," 9£ percent of kiln)

Avg (6).. Ib/inJ 1055 4830 %

10.5

/o 15.2 0. (i!) /o Not tested

Plant 187, gr ide 1 (" Arch," 5 percer t of kiln)

1....

2....

3_--.

4.-..

5Avg

490 4080 18.7 19.4 0. 96 F 20c (B)

630 3500 18.1 18.7 .97 0. 42 (B)

185 4170 19.6 20.6 .95 Not tested

155 4020 19.6 20.8 .94 F 2c (B)

735 4820 18.6 19.8 .94 Not tested

440 4120 18.9 19.9 0. 95

Plant 187, grade 2 ("Commercial hard," 85 percent of kiln)

1 915 4470 18.8 20.

1

0. 94 0. 39 (B)

2 1045 4270 19.7 20.4 .97 . 39 (B)

3 930 5340 19.7 20.4 .97 .25 (B)

4 915 4190 18.9 20. 2 .94 . 26 (B)

5 785 5230 18.3 19.3 .95 .32 (B) Avg 920 4700 19.

1

20.

1

0. 95 0. 32 (B)

Plant 187, grade 3 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln)

1 075 3320 21. 7 22.4 0. 97 F 5c (B)

2 285 3200 20.8 21.6 .96 F 5c (B)

3 555 3060 20.5 21.1 .97 F 2c (B)

4 2740 23.0 24.6 .94 F Ic (B)

5Avg

585 2880 21.8 22.7 .96 F 3c (B)

525 3050 21.6 22.5 0. 96 F 3c (B)

Plant 187, grade 4 ("Shale clay mixture," 80 percent of kiln)

1 550 3090 12.6 16.3 0.77 0. 42 (B)

2 925 6390 11.9 15. 2 .78 . 22 (B)

3 840 3610 12.2 16.1 .76 . 29 (B)

4 640 6520 14.7 17.8 .83 .31 (B)

5 820 7710 11.7 14.4 .81 . 11 (B) Avg 755 5400 12.6 16.0 0. 79 0. 27 (B)

Plant 188, grade 1 ("Arch")i!

1 1220 8050 13.0 15.5 0.84 0. 31 (B)

2 750 5840 17.0 19.9 .85 . 23 (B)

3 940 6230 14.9 16.8 .89 . 25 (B)

4 840 5190 16.9 20.0 .84 . 38 (B)

5 340 5950 16.2 19.1 .85 . 44 (B) Avg 820 6250 15.6 18.3 0.85 0. 32 (B

Plant 188, grade 2 ("Middle")

1___.

2....

3_._.

4_._.

5__.. Avg

290 5420 13.0 16. 2 0.80 0. 39 (B)

680 6600 16. 2 19.3 .84 . 52 (B)

805 6390 17.3 20.0 .87 F 50c (B)

675 5460 16.5 19.1 .86 0.63 (B)

715 5600 17.3 20.8 .83 1.40 (B)

630 5890 16.1 19.1 0. 84

'^rABLi'! 4.

Properties of bricks produced in the Hudson

Valley District—Continued

Water ab- sorption ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive 48-hr number rup- strength cold 5-hr

l,ure im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coofli- oient

Weight

lo.ss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Jlesults beyond

51 cycles

Plant 188, grade 3 ("Top")i'

12

3

4

5_. Avg

Ih/in.'' 705 520

420

540 710

590

Ih/in:' 6190

3760

5900 4680

4590

%

17. 2 20.3

17. 2

17.

1

17.0

%

19.3 22.9 20.0

20.

1

20.0

0. 89

.89

.80 .85

.85

%

0. 97 (B)

.39 (B)

. 29 (B)

. 36 (B)

.81 (B)

5020 17.8 20. 5 0. 87 0. 56 (B)

Plant 201, grade 1 ("Arch," 8 percent of kiln)

12_34

5Avg

800

360

9.50 880

865

3550 6180

6130

5080

5370

11. 2 6.9

12. fi 7. 7 8.6

9.4

17. 2 10.8

16. 5

11. G 13.0

0. 65

.64 .70 .66

.06

9.98 (B) F 39c (B)

0.40 (B)

. 52 (B)

. 72 (B)

770 5260 13.8 0. 67

Plant 201, grade 2 ("Clinker," 5 percent of kiln)

12

3

4

6Avg

1065 1030 995

515 955

5180

5010

4.580 4470

3510

6.1 4.8

5.7

8.9

6.8

10.8 10.2

10.2

13.3

11.5

0. 56 .47

.56

.67

.59

No test

0. 56 (B)

. 38 (B)

.71 (B)

. 68 (B)

1030 4550 6. 5 11. 2 0. 57 0. 58 (B)

Plant 201, grade 3 ("Commercial," 87 percent of kiln)

1 1285 5730 11. 2 15.4 0. 73 0. 98 (B)

2 1235 5400 12.

1

16.3 .74 .72 (B)

3 1240 6310 11.3 1.5.

1

.75 . 57 (B)

4 1125 3870 12.4 17.

1

.73 . 71 (B)

5 1280 r/-M 12. 3 16.8 .73 No test Avg 1235 5400 11.9 16.1 0.74 0. 74 (B)

Plant 222, grade 1 ("Light Hard," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown)

(24-hr)

1 320 2050 22.9 25.5 0. 90 1.28

2 305 2000 22.

1

24.4 .91 1.64

3 140 2070 20.8 22.7 .92 1. 82

4 195 2540 22.0 24.3 .93 1.39

5 705 3680 20.9 23.1 .90 7. 61

6 305 1750 22.4 24.7 .91 1.55

7 310 2150 21. 5 24.5 .88 1.05

8 300 2150 22. 7 25.8 .88 F 480

9 820 5770 18. 1 20.6 .88 1.06

10 005 3580 20.4 22.8 .90 0. 36

11 485 2360 21.5 22.7 .95 1.34

12 145 1480 23.0 25.2 .91 7. 00

13 1160 7360 16.0 18. 5 .86 0.13

14 295 1820 21.7 23.8 .91 F Ic

15 310 2300 21.3 23.5 .91 0.73

16 395 3300 21.fi 23.4 .92 .80

17 540 4300 19.9 22. 5 .88 .43

18 2R0 1070 21.4 23.9 .90 1. 67

19 500 3440 19.6 21.6 .91 0. 81 20 350 2540 22.2 24. 1 .92 2.40 Avg 420 3420 21.

1

23.4 0.90

^ Grades 1, 2, and 3 together represent 100 percent o£ kiln.

[17]
Table 5.

Properties of bricks produced in New

State, excluding the Hudson Valley District York Table 6.

Properties of bricks produced in New Jersey

\0n the basis of the few samples submitted, it appears that brick made

from surface clay and formed by the soft-mud process are produced in the eastern part of the State, and that side-cut shale bricks are pro- duced in the western part]

Water ab- sorption ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive 48-hr number rup- strength cold 5-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

[All samples received were made from surface clay. The shale bricks made in the northern part of the state were not represented. The

methods of forming include soft-mud and stif?-mud (side-cut and endcut) processes. Dry-press bricks are also made in New Jersey but no

samples were received]

Speci- men

number

Water ab- sorption Modulus Comof pressive 48-hr rup- strength cold 5-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Satu

ration

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 15, grade 1 ("Clinker," 1.0 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Ib/in.^ IblinJ % % %

1 1790 7140 6.4 9.8 0.65 0.23

2 870 4600 13.5 16.2 .83 .68

3 2120 10900 3.9 7.2 .54 . 22

4 1930 10100 5.1 7.9 .65 .22

5 1760 7050 9.0 12.0 .75 .60 Avg 1695 7960 7.6 10.6 0. 68 0. 39

Plant 16, grade 2 ("Te.xtured face," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 730 4960 15.2 17.4 0. 87 1. 60 o 815 4930 14. 5 16.9 .86 1.18

3 740 4580 16.1 18.3 .88 I. 42

4 905 6030 16.0 17.4 .86 1. 68

5... 790 3960 17.2 19.4 .88 L 87 Avg 795 4690 15.6 17.9 0. 87 1.65

Plant 15, grade 3 ("Common," 89 percent of kiln, SC, C) %

1 620 3490 17.9 20.2 0.89 F 30e 2 795 4900 18.6 21.2 .88 F 39c

3 630 2640 18.2 20. 1 .91 2. 40 9.37 (84o) 4 905 3310 18.0 21.0 .86 0.78 r78e

5 765 3920 18.9 2L3 .89 F 45c Avg 746 3660 18.3 20.8 0.89

Plant 190, grade 1 ("Clinker," 0.5 to 3.0 percent of kiln, SC, S) Avg (5). 2230 9020 4.9 6.8 0.71 Not tested

Plant 190, grade 2 ("Kiln run common," 97 to 99.5 percent of kiln, SC, S

1 1930 8900 5.6 7.8 0. 72 a+0. 34 (B)

2 2250 9180 6.8 9.0 .76 H-. 09 (B)

3 2230 10250 6.7 7.4 .77 -. 17 (B)

4 2180 9450 5.9 8.1 .73 .09 (B)

5 2090 9530 5.7 7.8 .73 .24 (B)

6 1790 9630 6.2 8.0 .78 .18 (B)

7 1750 7890 6.9 9.1 ' .76 • 17 (B)

8 1910 8340 7.0 9.0 .78 . 16 (B)

9 980 3470 14.4 16.4 .87 .65 (B) 10- 1125 3190 14.

1

15.7 .90 4. 11 (B) Avg 1826 7980 7.8 9.8 0.78

Plant 198, grade 1

( "Run of kiln," 100 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 480 2970 17.4 22.9 0.76 0. 37 (B)

2 665 3980 19. 2 23.6 .81 .37 (B)

3 310 2520 21.0 26.3 .83 .72 (B)

4 366 2340 21.6 25.8 .84 .83 fB)

5 275 2690 21. 2 24, 6 .86 . 96 (B)

6... 530 2780 19.2 23.6 .81 .25 (B)

7 386 2320 19.

1

24.

1

.79 .68 (B)

8 485 2140 21.1 24.7 .86 . 49 (B)

9.. 310 3220 19.9 24.3 .82 .61 (B)

10 1080 3910 15.8 21.7 .73 . 79 (B)

11 666 2460 19.8 24.8 .80 . 86 (B)

12 495 2200 22.4 26.8 .84 . 76 (B)

13 420 2200 22. 1 26.4 .84 .57 (B)

14 106 770 23.6 26.6 .89 F 6c (B)

15 125 1000 25.7 26.8 .96 F 12c (B) Avg 430 2500 20. 6 24.8 0. 83

" The gain in weight produced by 69 cycles of freezing and thawing in specimens 1 and 2 of grade 2 of plant 190 may have been caused by hydration of lime.

Plant 16, grade 1 ("Clinker face from arches," 5 percent of kiln, EC, O)

Iblin.' Ib/inJ % % %

1 1380 3520 4.5 8.1 0.66 0.46 (B)

2 1030 5080 3.9 7.3 .53 .29 (B)

3 .-- 365 5100 5.5 8.9 .62 .20 (B)

4 1890 5640 4.2 7.9 .53 .28 (B)

6 1230 5520 4.6 9.3 .49 .93 (B) Avg- 1180 4970 4.5 8.3 0. 65 0.43 (B)

Plant 16, grade 2 ("Face brick from arches," 5 percent of kiln, EC, 0)

1 1036 5040 7.1 10.1 0.70 0. 10 (B)

2 710 4410 6.8 10.9 .62 . 18 (B)

3 1125 5300 5.7 9.2 .62 .31 (B)

4 605 4690 4.6 7.3 .63 .27 fB)

5 815 4000 7.0 10.2 .69 .32 (B) Avg. .. _ 860 4670 6. 2 9.5 0. 65 0. 24 (B)

Plant 16, grade 3 ("Common rough hard from arches," 25 percent of

kiln, EC, C)

1 1346 3990 9.8 12.8 0. 77 0. 41

2 665 3540 10.6 13.3 .80 .18

3 850 3930 9.3 13.2 .70 .22

4 975 3470 13.0 16.0 .81 .24

5 720 3370 9.7 13.0 .75 .22 Avg 890 3660 10. 5 13.7 0.77 0.25

Plant 16, grade 4 ("Common hard from above arches," 18.7 percent of

kiln, EC, C)

1 605 3400 10.9 14.4 0.76 0.92

2 1160 3770 7.6 U.7 .65 .12

3 485 3300 8.3 12.0 .69 .52

4 1085 3480 8.7 12.2 .71 .26

405 1930 10.2 14.3 .71 9. 82 Avg_.._ 760 3180 9.

1

12.9 0.70 2.56

Plant 16, grade 5 ("Straight hard from top," 16 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 1545 3750 9.0 12.9 0.70 1.46

2 1435 3400 U. 2 15.8 .71 0. 63

3 610 3470 10.2 14.1 .72 .19

4 990 2590 U.7 16.2 .77 .41

5 560 3700 9.7 13.8 .70 .28 Avg 1025 3380 10.4 14.4 0. 72 0. 58

Plant 16, grade 6 ("Swelled bricks—coalies," 20 percent of kiln, EC,C)

Avg (5) - 760 2960 8.8 14, 4 0. 61 Not tested

Plant 16, grade 7 ("Red straight— backup," 12.9 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 940 3060 12.9 16.7 0. 77 0. 64

2 1306 3420 12.8 16.3 .79 .31

3 396 1660 14.4 18.0 .80 .92

4 1086 2390 14.6 17.6 .83 .99

6 790 1560 12.8 19.0 .67 1. 13 Avg 900 2420 13.5 17.5 0. 77 0.78

[18]
Table 6.- -Properties of bricks produced in New JerseyContinued

Table 6.

Properties of bricks produced in New Jersey- Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

ruiniher

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coo0i- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Hcsults beyond

51 cycles

Plant 16, grade 8 ("Hard Salmon—backup," 11.0 percent of kiln, EG, C) Plant 31, grade 6 ("Salmon," 6 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Ib/inJ lblin.2 % % % % Ib/inJ lb/in.' % % %

1 665

445 2600 16.3 19.5 0. 84 1.48 2. 05 Wo 1 525 1830 23.5 26.2 0. 90 F 3c

2 1800 17.6 20.7 .85 1.08 F 75c 2 480 1440 21,4 25.4 .84 F 3c

3 550 2310 16.2 19.6 .83 0. 67 2. 67 (84c) 3-_. . 295 1560 19. 9 24.0 .83 F 12c

4 330 2000 16.0 18.6 .86 .96 1.71 (84c) 4_,.. 250 980 24.5 30.9 .79 F 6c

5 470 1220 20.4 25.0 .82 F 34c 5 1610 22.2 26.5 .84 F 6c Avg 495 1990 17.3 20.7 0. 84 Avg 385 1480 22.3 26.6 0. 84 F 6c

Plant 16, grade 9 ("Soft Salmon," 5.6 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 43, grade 1 ("Straight Hard, percent of kiln, SC, 0)

1 510 960 17.9 22.9 0.78 8.90 F 60c

2 400 1220 22.0 26.8 .82 F 3c

3 305 1340 19.1 23.7 .81 F 12c

4 ; 380 1400 20.9 24.8 .84 F 3c

5 335 1250 20.

1

25.0 .80 F 5c Avg 385 1230 20.0 24.6 0. 81

1 335 3500 10.4 14.5 0. 72 0. 35 (B)

2 425 3760 10.5 14.0 .75 .36 (B)

3 525 3100 10.6 14.5 .73 9. 62 (B)

4 445 3710 9.9 13.2 .75 0. 67 (B)

5 350 3730 8.6 13.2 .65 .31 (B)

Avg___. 415 3560 10.0 13.9 0.72 2. 26 (B)

Plant 31, grade 1 ("Special face," 25 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 43, grade 2 ("Arch," 25 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 795 4750 5.9 10.2 0. 68 0.43

2 1320 4740 5.6 9.4 .60 .37

3 1035 4210 9.0 12.9 .70 .78

4 1090 3940 7.9 11.9 .66 .27

5 1105 4310 8.8 12.8 .69 .64 Avg 1070 4390 7.4 1L4 0. 65 0.48

2.—

3---.

4....

5- —

Avg.

556 4010 9.

1

12.8 0.71 485 3990 7.7 12.1 .64 665 5180 8.5 12.4 .69

500 4390 7.8 12.2 .64

570 6520 9.4 12.6 .75

555 4820 8.5 12.4 0.69

F 50c (B)

0.27 (B)

.23 (B)

.20 (B)

.33 (B)

Plant 31, grade 2 ("Straight Hard," 25 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 43, grade 3 ("Salmon," 15 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 745 2840 11.8 15.0 0. 79 0.39

2 650 2530 12.6 15.8 .80 .53

3 710 2480 13.0 15. 2 .85 .43

4 920 1880 14.0 16.8 .83 .56

5_ 900 2440 13.0 16.2 .80 .37

Avg-..- 786 2430 12.9 15.8 0. 81 0.46

1 616 3720 12.8 15.8 0. 81 1.50

2 510 4830 14.4 17.7 .81 F 9c

3 400 3650 15.4 18.3 .84 F 8c

4 450 2750 18.4 20.4 .90 F 3c

5 380 2690 18.7 21.3 .88 F 3c Avg 470 3530 15.9 18.7 0.85

Plant 31, grade 3 ("Common Hard," 25 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 57, grade 1 ("Smooth Face," 46 percent of kiln, SO, 0)

1 890 475

1425

740 380

2230

1600 3220

3220

1680

11.5

12.4 9.9

6.8

10.9

15.2

18.9

13.4 U.O

19.4

0.76

.66

.74 .62

.56

0.31 .47 .12

.61 .61

1 890

1100 935

845

1225

7240

8890 8940

8530

9250

6.4 4.2

3.7

5. 2 4.8

9.9

7.8

7.5

9.

1

8.3

0.66

.64

.49

.57

.58

0.40 .10

.09

.26

. 18

2 2

3 3 i 4

5- 5 Avg 780 2390 10.3 16.6 0. 67 0.60 Avg iOOO 8570 4.9 8.6 0.57 0.29

Plant 31, grade 4 ("Light Hard," 10 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 57, grade 2 ("Textured Face," 40 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 345 1260 20.2 24.5 0. 83 1. 47

2 900 2520 16.0 19.4 .82 0.55

3 830 2520 16.0 18.3 .82 .62

4 596 1440 16.3 21.5 .71 .61

5 645 1180 16 6 21.7 .76 1. 28 Avg 646 1780 16.6 21.

1

0. 79 0.89

Plant 31, grade 5 ("Swells," 10 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 1130 3590 9.0 13.8 0.65 1.08 2-- 1066 4420 6.8 11.3 .60 0. 46

3-- 1275 3860 6.3 n.4 .66 .45

4 1035 4000 8.2 16.4 .50 .35

5 750 2730 9.2 17.8 .62 .66 Avg ... 1050 3720 7.9 14.1 0.66 0.60

1 445 6970 6.0 9.3 0. 64 0.28

2 840 5210 5.3 9.7 .65 .29

3 365 6590 4. 2 8.5 .49 .09

4 500 6520 6.6 9.9 .66 .78

5 440 7090 6.5 10.0 .65 . 17 Avg 620 6480 5.7 9.5 0.60 0. 52

Plant 60, grade 1 ("Commercial Hard," 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1- 1480 8040 9.9 12.2 0.81 0. 23 (B)

2 1160 7190 10.6 12.8 .83 . 34 (B)

3 825 5080 12.4 15. 2 .82 . 23 (B)

4- 720 5000 12.3 14.9 .83 . 52 (B)

5- 545 7370 12.8 14.9 .86 .43 (B)

6 455 5230 11.5 14.6 .79 No test Avg 865 6320 11.6 14.1 0. 82 0. 35 (B)

[19]
Table 6.

Pi'operties of bricks produced in New JerseyContinued

Table 6.- -Properties of bricks produced in New JerseyContinued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 60, grade 2 ("Pale or salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

lb/in.' lb/in.' %

1 2770 23.3

2__ 970 3070 20.8

3 740 22. 4

4. 190 1080 22. 2

5 95 1510 21.7

6 90 510 21.2 Avg 335 1610 21.9

%

(") %F ec

3. 00 F 36c F Ic F Ic F 2c

%

3. 34 (63c)

Plant 87, grade 1 ("No. 1 Grade," 43 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

770

515

755

1000

935

3320

3770

5240 4940

13.3 15.4

13.8

14.4

10.8

18. 2

20. 6

19.

1

20.3

15.7

0. 73

.76 .72

.71 .69

0. 14 (B)

.29 (B)

. 26 (B)

.34 (B)

. 17 (B)

795 4320 13. 5 18.8 0.72 0. 24 (B)

Plant 87, grade 2 ("No. 2 Grade," 43 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

755

855 325

505 670

6600

4340

6870 7540

4560

13.1

10.5 7.3

7.3

13.7

18. 3 15.7

11.3

12. 7

19. 4

0.72

.67

. 65 .57

.71

0. 00 (B)

.13 (B)

.32 (B)

.37 (B)

.34 (B)

625 5980 10.4 15.6 0.66 0. 23 (B)

Plant 87, grade 2A ("Second sample of Grade 2")

12

3

4

5Avg

525 425 885

895

545

7250

9400

6250 7990

4730

6.6

9.6

10.3

9. 5

8. 5

13.2

15.7

15.4

14. 6 13.8

0.50

.61 .67

.65 .62

0. 16 (B)

. 17 (B)

.13 (B)

. 15 (B)

. 00 (B)

655 7120 8.9 14. 5 0.61 0. 12 (B)

Plant 87, grade 3 ("Arch," 1.0 percent of kiln, SM, G)

12

34

5Avg

2150

595

530 1275

1245

7640

5930

7130

7900 9210

7.1 6.6

6.6

6.8 7.8

13.7

11.6

10.4

12.9

13.3

0. 52 .57 .68

.53

.59

0. 26 (B)

. 17 (B)

. 19 (B)

. 15 (B)

.31 (B)

1160 7560 7.0 12.4 0.67 0. 22 (B)

Plant 87, grade 4 ("Light Hard," 4 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

1 330 2690 18.9 23.3 0.79 1. 39

2__. 365 2420 19.6 24.0 .82 0. 78

3 290 2270 18.6 23. 1 .80 0. 35

4 180 2400 19.4 23.7 .82 1. 01

5 356 2430 19.

1

23.

1

.83 1. 04 Avg 306 2420 19.1 23.4 0.81 0.91

f Grade 2 of plant 60 was partially disintegrated by boiling, with con- sequent loss in weight. The absorption measure by 5-hr. boiling and the

saturation coefficients are therefore unknown.

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 87, grade 5 ("Salmon," 4 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

Ib/in.i Ib/inJ % % % 07

1 260 2360 18.9 24.4 0.78 1.11 1. 11 (63c) 2 140 1760 19. 5 24.4 .80 3. 80 F 600

3 305 1740 22.3 27.0 .83 F 39c 4 216 1890 20. 6 25. 6 .80 1.20 1. 64 (63c)

5._ 215 1610 18.6 23.7 .79 1. 03 1.28 (63c) Avg 225 1870 20.0 25.0 0. 80

Plant 151, grade 1 ("Kiln Run," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1. 670 4420 16.2 20.

1

0. 81 0. 39 2 1010 5750 12.7 16.5 .82 .28

3__ 590 9040 9.2 12.1 .76 .14

4 1300 9000 9.6 12.4 .77 .28

6 685 5880 15. 5 18.3 .85 .42

6 830 5500 15.4 17.9 .86 .26

7 455 8150 9.3 12.4 .75 .31 8 996 7260 10.8 15.

1

.71 .29

9 470 6360 9.9 13.4 .74 .23

10 555 4100 17.5 20.6 .85 .62

11 7750 16.9 19. 7 .86 .71 12 5140 16.7 18.0 .87 .45 13 680 4420 16.9 19.5 .87 .39 14 745 8860 14.0 15.9 .88 . 12 15 1140 7960 8.4 11.2 .75 . 19 Avg 780 6640 13.2 16.

1

0. 81 0. 34

Plant 18£ , grade 1 ("Kiln Run," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 1415 522f) 6.9 11.

1

0. 62 0. 11 (B)

2 910 9740 6.0 6.9 .72 . 25 (B)

3 1650 11540 6.7 8.1 .83 .13 (B)

4 1455 12070 7.8 9.2 .85 .14 (B)

6 1100 8630 6,8 7.7 .75 .39 (B) 6 1920 8120 7.1 9.0 .79 .13 (B)

7 1650 10440 5.7 8.2 .70 . 13 (B)

8 1800 8760 5.9 8.5 .69 .39 (B)

9 1760 6560 7.9 9.4 .84 . 29 (B)

10 1880 10900 8.3 9.6 .87 .24 (B)

11 1785 9380 7.3 9.4 .78 . 10 (B)

12 1915 6110 7.7 9.7 .79 . 20 (B)

13 2110 10880 6.4 8.2 .78 .23 (B)

14 1550 6670 7.3 9.1 .80 .00 (3)

15 1836 9340 7.9 9.6 .82 .11 (B) Avg 1650 8960 6. [ 8.9 0. 78 0. 19 (B)

Plant 214, grade 1 ("Hard," 50 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg (5).. 1260 3020 10.

1

13.7 0. 73 Not tested

Plant 214, grade 2 ("Medium," 30 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 895 1910 15.1 18.8 0.80 0. 28 (B)

2 876 1910 14.4 18.1 .80 . 21 (B)

3 860 1710 16.4 19.8 .83 . 68 (B)

4 495 1840 16.1 19.8 .81 . 65 (B)

5 990 2300 17.2 20.4 .84 1. 12 (B) Avg 825 1930 15.8 19.4 0. 82 0. 59 (B)

Plant 214, grade 3 ("Soft," 20 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 975 1830 20.8 24.5 0. 85 F 8c (B)

2 805 1610 20.

1

23.6 .85 F lie (B)

3 835 1860 21.0 24.2 .87 F 5c (B)

4 765 1860 20.9 23.9 .87 F 6c (B)

6 710 1740 19.4 22. 3 .87 F 6c (B) Avg 820 1780 20.4 23.7 0.86 F 7c (B)

[20]
Table 7.

Properties of bricks produced in Delaware

and Maryland

[The samples reported were all made from surface clay and were formed by the soft-mud or the stiff-mud (side-cut and end-cut) process. No

Ijricks from Western Maryland, which rire made from shale and formed by the side-cut process, are included. 'I'liese slinle bricks closely resemble, in properties, the bricks reported in falile Id]

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr

cold Ti-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturfition

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 64, grade 1 ("Full range face," 60 percent of kiln, SM, C) % % % %

Avg (5)_ 625 3010 10.6 16.5 0.63 Not tested

Plant 64, grade 2 ("Red range face," 35 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1120 3830 12.5 17.5 0.71 0. 2(1 (B)

2. 695 3360 13.8 19.4 .71 . 25 (B)

3 640 3210 9.2 16.8 .58 .33 (B)

4 1175 3610 11.2 16.1 .70 . 19 (B)

5 530 3090 12.2 17.1 .71 . 00 (B) Avg 835 3420 11.8 17. 2 0.68 0.19 (B)

Plant 64, grade 3 ("Salmons," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 360 1520 19.6 24.3 0. 81 F 3c

2 750 2060 17.1 21.5 .80 1.00 1.22 (66c)

3__. 570 2140 16.6 21.0 .79 F 48c

4 280 710 22.8 27.9 .82 F 2c 265 1000 22.1 27.3 .81 F 2c Avg 445 1490 19.6 24.4 0. 81

Plant 64, grade 4 ("Range medium to salmon,' unknown, SM, C)

(1937) percentage of kiln

1 680 2240 12.8 19.7 0.65 0.62 0 83 (76c) 2 540 3000 12.9 19.3 .66 .44 66 (75c) 3 670 2330 13.6 19.7 .69 .70 00 (75c) 4 685 2540 13.0 19.3 .68 .58 58 (76c)

5 475 2740 15.0 21.0 .71 .69 79 (75c) 6 435 2140 1.14 21. 5 .72 1.58 1 82 (75c) 7 590 2070 16.0 21.9 .74 0.69 0 69 (75c) 8 _._ 505 2180 17.0 23.2 .74 F 31c

9 770 2200 16.1 21.7 .74 0. 75 75 (75c) 10 660 2050 16.7 22.3 .75 4. 48 F 57c

11 420 1870 18.0 23.4 .77 F 8e

12 440 1620 18.0 23.6 .76 6. 06 8 00 (75c) 13 550 1550 19.3 24.6 .79 F 8c

14__ 450 2170 18.

1

23.5 .77 F Sc

15 260 1130 19.9 25.3 .78 F 3c 16 270 1160 19.8 24.7 .80 F 2e

17 305 1490 20.

1

24.9 ..80 F 2c

18_ 285 1360 20.5 26. 1 .82 F 2c

19 240 920 19.9 23.9 .84 F 2c

20 240 890 20.9 25. 5 .82 F 2c Avg 476 1880 17.2 22.7 0. 75

Plant 66, grade 1 ("Face," 25 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1... 1005 3270 7.7 10.8 0.71 0. 00 (B)

2 1330 5060 9.1 12.2 .74 . 20 (B)

3 1360 4930 8.3 11.2 .74 .10 (B)

4 1075 4240 10.8 13.2 .82 . 49 (B)

5 1330 4710 11.5 14.4 .80 . 19 (B) Avg 1220 4440 9.5 12.4 0.76 0. 20 (B)

Plant 66, grade 2 ("Arch," 70 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1__ 1380 4270 8.1 11.3 0. 72 0. 21 (B)

2 710 3390 11.2 14. 6 .77 .43 (B)

3 905 3440 11.3 14.5 .78 .28 (B)

4 1360 4310 9.6 13.3 .72 . 43 (B)

5 955 4560 12.4 15.6 .80 . 65 (B) Avg 1060 3990 10.5 13.9 0.76 0. 40 (B)

Table 7 Propcriics of bricks produced in, Delaware

and Maryland—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus (Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-1 ir cold .5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefli- eient

Weight

lo.ss at 5] cycles or number of cycles at

failure

iiesiilts beyond

51 cyeli'S

Plant 65, grade 3 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, EC, 0)

Ih/inJ lb/in.'' % % %

1 400 212(1 15.3 19.4 0.79 5.70 F Ode 2 386 1930 22.0 24.6 .90 F 2c

3 426 1780 19.8 22. 1 .90 F 3c

4 _ 640 3060 16.0 18. 7 .86 F 9c

5 575 2840 18.6 21.0 .88 P 3c Avg 486 2350 18.3 21. 2 0. 87

Plant 66, grade 1 ("Sewer brick," 25 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1500 9290 9.5 U. 5 0. 83 0.00 (B)

2 1280 6950 10.9 13.0 .84 .00 (B)

3 1600 6190 10.6 12. 7 .83 . 08 (B)

4 -_ 1400 6740 10.6 12.8 .83 .00 (B)

6 1355 7760 11.1 12.8 .87 . 18 (B) Avg 1425 7390 10.5 12.6 0. 84 0. 06 (B)

Plant ( 6, grade 2 ("Arch," 70 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1. 1670 8460 8.3 10.

1

0. 82 0. 28 (B)

2 1750 12000 6. 5 7.3 .75 . 00 (B)

3 1775 8710 4.9 7. 1 .69 . 09 (B)

4 2190 12180 6.

1

8.2 .74 . 08 (B)

5 1605 7460 8.6 10.7 .79 . 15 (B) Avg 1800 9760 6.7 8.7 0.76 0. 12 (B)

Plant 66, grade 3 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 585 2950 17.3 19.1 0. 91 F 3c

2 740 4630 17.3 18.9 .92 F 3c

3 695 4350 17.4 18.9 .92 F 3c

4 1160 5130 15.0 17.1 .88 F 9c

6 635 4140 17.5 19.0 .92 F 4c Avg 760 4240 16.9 18.6 0. 91 F 4c

Plant 66, grade 3A ("Salmon," (1936) 6 percent of kiln, SC, C)

(24-hr)

1 785 8180 7.8 9.3 0.84 0. 45

2 1005 5820 13. 1 14.8 .88 F 170

3 -- 980 6060 6.7 8.7 .76 0. 39

4_ -_ 70 5570 14.

1

15.7 .90 F 9c

5 1110 7880 5.

1

7.0 .72 0. 82

6 705 5320 12.7 14. 2 .89 F 12c

7 1566 8510 8.2 10. 1 .81 0.26

8 1296 8110 11.9 13.5 .88 F 37c

9 1226 6000 9.4 11. 2 .84 F 30c

10 920 5000 12.

1

14. 1 .86 F 19c

11 1256 6160 10.7 12.4 .86 0. 85

12 1145 5940 ILO 12.4 .88 F 16c

13 895 7180 9.0 10.8 .84 0. 61

14 1160 9170 7.4 9.4 .78 .30

15 625 6810 12.0 13.8 .87 F8c

16 1475 7890 4.8 6.3 .76 0. 19

17 660 6170 1L2 13.2 .84 F 17c

18 560 7500 10.7 12.4 .86 F 27c

19 1060 7890 8.8 10. 5 .84 0. 36

20 845 6260 9.6 11.3 .86 .92 Avg 965 6870 9.8 11.5 0.84

[21]
Table 7.

Properties of bricks produced in Delaware

and Maryland—Continued

Table 7.

Properties of bricks produced in Delaware

and Maryland—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 66, grade 3B ("Salmon," (1937) 5 percent of kiln, SC, C) Plant 103, grade 4A ("Salmon," (1937) percentage of kiln unknown, EC, C)

(24-hr) IblinJ Ib/inJ % % % %

1 2220 9800 8.3 9.8 0. 84 0.00 0. 11 (75) 2 875 7920 8.8 10.7 .83 F 3c

3 1130 7080 11.6 13.4 .86 F 30c

4 1560 6260 10.6 12.2 .86 .24 0. 24 ( 75c) 5 1320 6880 12.0 13.8 .87 F 19c

6 1435 6500 12.0 13.8 .86 2. 66 F56c

7 620 5680 11.9 13.6 .88 F 21c

8 1065 7790 12.6 14.4 .88 F 26c

9 1116 5530 13.0 14.7 .88 F 24c

10 1080 8360 11.3 12.9 .88 F 23c

11 910 6080 12.4 14. 1 .88 F 20c

12 1375 8270 12.3 13.9 .88 F 20c

13 1045 4460 14.6 16. 5 .88 F 12c

14 1045 6760 14.0 15.8 .88 F 8c

16 1275 6700 13.8 15.6 .89 F 15c

16 1390 7170 14.2 15.8 .90 F 19c

17 1280 7380 13.2 14.7 .90 F 16c

18 910 6440 14.6 16. 5 .89 F 11c

19 960 7040 13.2 14.8 .90 F 18c 20 1030 4170 16.4 17.1 .90 F 7c Avg 1180 6810 12.5 14.2 0. 88

(24 -hr)

Ib/inJ % % % %

1 625 3040 13.1 16.1 0. 82 1.17 1. 36 (75c) 2 355 2240 15.4 18.8 .82 F 60

3 705 2840 14.0 16.8 .83 2.80 3. 40 (75c) 4 410 2850 15.5 18.8 .82 F 6c

5 390 2500 15.4 18. 5 .83 F 8c

6 315 2420 15. 6 18.6 .84 F 8c

7 305 2480 16. 5 18. 5 .84 F 4c

8 275 2400 16.0 19.2 .84 F 3c

9 646 2690 14.8 17.6 .84 F 20c

in 450 3000 14.7 17.5 .84 F 27c

1

1

565 2590 15.2 17.9 .84 F 5c

12 640 2850 14.4 17.1 .84 F 34c

13 526 3100 16.2 17.9 .86 F 6c

14 406 2300 16.0 18.4 .86 F 6c

15__ 340 2860 14.6 17.0 .86 F 12c

16 375 3140 14.3 16.7 .86 F 48c

17 626 2680 16. 1 17.6 .86 F 12c

18_ 495 3670 14.2 16.4 .86 F 12c

19 605 3460 14.4 16.6 .88 F 12c

20 500 3400 14.8 16.8 .88 F 5c Avg 470 2830 14.9 17.6 0.84

Plant 103, grade 1 ("Arch," 35 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 118, grade 1 ("Vitrified," 4 percent of kiln, SC, C)

2

3

4

5Avg

1380

1330 1845

550 1340

6400

5530

4350

4320

4720

5.4

4.2

5.6

7.4 9.8

8.9

8.4 9.5

11.

1

13.5

0.61 .50

.54 .67

.73

0.00 (B)

.42 (B)

.11 (B)

.45 (B)

.12 (B)

Avg (5) 2345 10080 2.0 3.6 0. 54 Not tested

Plant 118, grade 2 ("Hard," 80 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1290 5060 6.5 10.3 0. 61 0. 22 (B) Avg (6) 1845 7680 7.3 8.9 0.82 Not tested

Plant 103, grade 2 ("Hard red," 56 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 118, grade 3 ("Light hard," 7 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 905 3720 10.0 13.3 0. 75 0. 13 2 1350 3970 10.7 13.9 .77 . 11 3 1210 4020 10.7 13.6 .79 .57

4 1315 4510 11.4 14.4 .79 .00

5 1340 3540 9.9 13.4 .74 .23 Avg 1225 3950 10.5 13.7 0. 77 0. 21

Plant 103, grade 3 ("Hand made," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

Avg (5) 630 4500 9.4 14.6 0.64 Not tested

Plant 103, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, EC. C)

12

34

5Avg

286

690

825

465

660

2680

2830

3050 2760

2180

13.4

15.8

16.4

14. 7 17.6

16.8

19.0

19.0

17.3 20.6

0.80

.83

.81 .85 .86

0. 40

.44

.00 F 30c F 3c

565 2680 16.4 18.5 0. 83

12

3

4

5Avg

1195

1145

1420 1316

1335

7740

6900 6680

4790

6450

1L8

12.2

12.8 13.5

12.7

13.7

14.2 14.8

16.4

14.6

0. 86 .86

.87

.88

.87

0. 19 (B)

. 20 (B) F 42c (B)

0. 09 (B) F 41c (B)

1280 6510 12.6 14. 5 0. 87

Plant 118, grade 4 ("Salmon," 9 percent of kiln, SC, C)

12

34

6Avg

860

725

906 860

690

4110

3720 4330

4080

3130

17.3 18.9

17.

1

17.6

19.2

19.6

21. 1 19.2

19. 5

21. 4

0. 88 .89

.89

.90 .90

F 8c F3c

F 6c F 6c F 6c

790 3870 18.0 20.2 0. 89 F 6c

Plant 173. grade 1 ("Special dark," 30 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg (5) 1595 8500 5.9 9.3 0.63 Not tested

[22]
Table 7.

Properties of bricks produced in Delaware

and Maryland—Continued

Water ab- sorption ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive 48-hr number rup- strength eold 5-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 173, grade 2 ("Dark," 20 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Ib/in.^ lb/in.'' % % 0/

'0 Avg (5), 1015 4850 9.6 12. 6 0. 76 Not tested

Plant 173, grade 3 ("Reds," 10 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 725 3340 13. 1 15.7 0. 83 0.31 (B)

2 GIO 3230 13. 7 15.7 .87 1.38 (B)

3 605 3580 13.2 15.6 .85 0. 39 (B)

4 910 3720 12.5 15.4 .81 .25 (B)

5 625 3060 12. 5 16.4 .81 . 33 (B) Avg 695 3380 13.0 15.6 0. 83 0. 52 (B)

Plant 173, grade 4 ("Arch," 30 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg (5). 1185 7110 5.8 8.7 0. 63 Not tested

Plant 173, grade 5 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, EC, C)

3-...

4.... 5Avg

270

285

320 866 ! 525

460

2300

2700

2730

3400 2890

2800

13. 5 14.2 14.0

13.6

13. 6

15.8

16.3

15.8

15.2 17.0

13.8 16.0

F 6c F 6c F 15c

1.01 F 240

Table 8.

Properties uj bricks produced in the Philadelphia (Pa.) District

[All samples received from the J'liiladelphia District were made from

surface clay and were formed either by the soft-mud or the stifl-mud end-cut process]

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coefli- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 29. grade 1 ("Common hard," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)

.

Ib/in.i Ib/inJ % %

815 7160 11.

1

15.9 0.69 Not tested

Plant 29, grade 2 ("Stretchers," 60 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 680 8290 9. 1 14.0 0. 65 0. 42

2 725 6600 9.8 14.0 .70 .49

3 565 8730 8. 5 13.8 .62 .31

4_ 675 5890 9.3 13.8 .67 .33 5 555 9070 8.4 13.8 .61 . 12 Avg 640 7720 9.0 13.9 0. 65 0. 33

Plant 29, grade 3 ("Salmon," 16 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 245 1560 18.7 24. 1 0. 78 1.09 2 400 1910 19.2 25.6 .75 0.90

3 570 1620 19.5 27. 5 .71 .81

4 245 1490 19. 1 24.6 .78 1.54

5 245 1500 17.9 22. 5 .80 1.73 Avg 340 1620 18.9 24.9 0.76 1. 21

Plant 30, grade 1 ("Special face," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C 1

Plant 207, grade 1 ("Dark face," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1175 9830 8.4 14.3 0. 69 Not tested

Plant 207, grade 2 ("Light face," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1615 10730 5. 5 11.2 0. 48 Not tested

Plant 207, grade 3 ("Dark red," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)_ 1275 8100 10. 1 15.6 0. 05 Not tested

Plant 207, grade 4 ("Straight hard," 40 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (6). 1245 11070 5.2 11.0 0. 45 Not tested

Plant 207, grade 5 ("Light hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 810 5930 11.9 17.4 0. 68 Not tested

Avg.

1275 1510

1270

1215

1380

1330

10450

11300

10050 9430

11850

10620

6. 5 6.9

3. 5 6.6

6.7

11.

1

12.3 7.6

12.0

10.9

0. 60

.56

.47 .55

.52

10. 8 0. 52

0.28 .30

.23 .24

.31

0. 27

Plant 30, grade 2 ("Stretchers," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 995 7200 8.8 14.4 0. 61 0. 55 2 995 6470 8.8 13.7 .64 .69

3...- 855 7320 10.1 15.9 .64 .48

4 1080 7770 8.5 14.4 .59 .54

5____ . filO 7100 9.4 14.8 .63 .50 Avg 905 7170 9. 1 14.6 0. 62 0. 57

Plant 30, grade 3 ("Common hard," 60 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1015 7930 9.7 14.7 0.66 0. 51 2 985 7670 10.3 14.9 .69 .62

3 1100 8400 7.7 12 9 .60 .35

4 1195 8220 9.2 13.9 .66 .35

5 720 6200 9.3 13.4 .69 .62 Avg..._ 1006 7680 9.2 14.0 0.66 0.49

251299°—40 4 [23]
Table 8.

Properties of bricks produced in the Philadelphia (Pa.) District—Continued

ModWater absorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 30, grade 4 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4._.

5Avg

Ib/inJ 520

695

560

445 465

!b/inJ 4070

5360

5120 4830

3880

%

13.2

13.0

13.0

14.8

15.4

%

18.7

18.

1

18.3

19.8

19.6

0. 71 .72

.71 .75

.79

%

0. 33

.21 .29

.66 .28

540 4650 13.9 18.9 0.74 0. 35

Plant 49, grade 1 ("Common hard," 40 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

795 710

615

490

580

5170 4640

4080

4570

4370

11.9

11.6

15.3 15.0

15.8

17.3 15.9

19.8

19.3 19.9

0.69

.73

.77

.78

.79

0. 32

.42

.63

.77

.52

640 4570 13.9 18.4 0. 75 0. 53

Plant 49, grade 2 ("Stretchers," 38 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 610 5060 12.3 17.1 0. 71 Not tested

Plant 49, grade 3 ("Light hard," 12 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

445

365

345

555 380

3880

2610

3070

3250 2660

17.0 20.2

18.0

17.9 19.6

21.3 24.6

24.1

22.9 24.4

0. 80

.82

.75 .78

.80

F 42c (B)

0.44 (B)

.33 (B)

. 46 (B)

. 37 (B)

415 3290 18.5 23.5 0. 79

Plant 49, grade 4 ("Salmon, 10 percent of kiln, SM, C) %

1 635 2590 18.4 23. 1 0. 80 0.59 0.83 (75c) 2 465 2500 18.4 23. 1 .80 .68 .82 (75o) 3 165 1050 24.0 29. 1 .83 1. 53 F 63c

4 ^ 850 24.0 29.7 .81 1. 49 F 03c

5

' 105 760 24.6 29.7 .83 2. 80 4.63 (75o) Avg 345 1550 21.9 26.9 0.81 1.42

Plant 58, grade 1 ("Face," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Table 8.

Properties of bricks produced in the Philadelphia (Pa.) District—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 58, grade 3 ("Straight hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Ib/in.^ Ib/in.i % % % % 1-. 590 6620 10.8 15.2 0. 71 0. 36

2 335 5710 13.9 18.8 .74 .61 3 590 6130 13.5 18.4 .73 .36

4 550 6250 13.0 18.4 .71 .54

5 435 4420 15.7 20.7 .76 .55 Avg 500 5830 13.4 18.3 0.73 0.48

Plant 58, grade 4 ("Hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 470 5230 13.3 17.6 0.76 0.57

2 886 5370 n. 5 15.8 .73 .19

3 830 7240 8.9 13.9 .64 . 10 4 650 5280 13.6 17.5 .78 . 19 5 4970 13.9 18. 2 .76 1.53 Avg 710 5620 12.2 16.6 0.73 0. 52

Plant 58, grade 5 ("Salmon," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34.-._:.._

5Avg

235 320

246

70

2680

1860 2400

2300

1020

19, 1 19. 1 18. 7

19. 7 22.9

23.9

23. 6

23. 4

25. 1 28.4

0.80

.81 .80

.79

.81

0. 67

. 88 .63

.69

2. 69

1.05 (75c) F 60c

0.84 (75c) 0.89 (76c) 4.68 (75CI

220 2050 19.9 24.9 0. 80 1.09

Plant 63, grade 1 ("Common hard," 60 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg (5). 756 5980 8.7 12.2 0. 71 Not tested

Plant 63, grade 2 ("Straight," 25 percent of kiln. EC, C)

Avg (5)_ 1090 8850 7. 2 11.0 0.66 Not tested

Plant 63, grade 3 ("Salmon," 15 percent of kiln, EC, C)

12

3

4

205

210

210

2180

2010

1850

15.0

15.6

16.6 17.2

15.2

18. 2

19. 3

20. 2 21.6

18.8

0.82

.81 .83 .80

.81

0. 75 3.40 F 51e 3.70 F 12c

1.03 (66e) 3.70 (66c)

4.47 (66c) 5Avg

240 2310

215 2090 15.9 19.6 0. 81

Plant 79, grade 1 ("Straight hard." 33 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1_2

3

4

5Avg

725 820

915 680

610

5790

7650 8040

6610 8240

9. 5

5. 1 6.7

3.9 5.3

14.3 10.2

11.3 8.2

9.9

0. 66

.50

.59

.48

. 54

0.53

.31 .13

.43

.26

Avg (5)- 390 5360 11.5 16.6 0.69 Not tested

Plant 79, grade 2 ("Rough hard or common," 33 percent of kiln, SM, C)

750 7270 6.1 10.8 0. 55 0. 33 Avg 720 4690 13.0 18.3 0. 71 Not tested

Plant 58, grade 2 ("Sewer brick," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1190 8610 10. 4 16.4 0. 68 0. 45

2 845 6940 10.6 14.6 .73 .27

3 580 8900 8.3 13.7 .61 .20

4 725 9010 7.9 13. 2 .60 .26

6 845 9310 8.0 13. 2 .61 .35 Avg 835 8550 9.0 14. 0 0. 65 0. 31

Plant 79, grade 3 ("Salmon," 33 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 335 2170 18.6 23.8 0. 78 1. 06 1. 19 (63c) 2 145 1420 19.7 23.9 .82 F 6c

3 190 1420 20.6 26.1 .79 F 36c

4 166 1480 19.9 25. 2 .79 2. 25 2. 91 (63c) 5 205 1480 19.9 24.7 .81 F 12c Avg 210 1590 19.7 24.7 0.80

[24]
Table 8.

Properties of bricks produced in the Philadelphia {Pa.) District—Continued

Table 8.

Properties of bricks produced in tin del'phia {Pa.) District—Contiiiuc^d

I '1, 1 1 1.

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefli- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-yr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Weight

Satu- loss at 51 ration cycles or

coelli- I number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 86, grade 1 ("Straight hard," 30 percent of kiln, SM, C) Plant 105, grade 3 ("Salmon," 25 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

lb/in.' % % %

1- 700 4300 15.

1

21.0 0. 72 0. 68

2 455 4170 15.7 20.9 .75 .52

3 690 5280 12.4 18. 2 .68 .29

4 940 6550 12.0 17.7 .68 .46

5 335 4640 15.6 21.8 .72 1. 14 Avg 625 4990 14.2 19.9 0. 71 - 0.62

1

Ib/in.i lb/in.' % % % 475 3960 16.0 20.3 0.79 0.38

2 925 5030 14.9 19.4 .77 .20

3 820 5410 16.4 20. 1 .82 .32

4 705 3130 9.7 13.6 .71 .10

5 215 1910 20.3 24. 5 .83 k 6. 18 Avg 630 3890 15. 5 19.6 0. 78 L 49

Plant 86, grade 2 ("Common hard," 50 percent of kiln, SM, C) Plant 141, grade 1 ("Dark hard," 40 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

2- -_ 3

1050

665

905

490

750

6630

6040 5840

5200

6730

11.7

11.8 n. 8 14.2

11.5

17.3 16.8

16.9

20.1 17.0

0.68

.73

.70

.71 .68

0. 19 .18

.31 .61 .28

Avg (6)

.

1125 9390 6.9 12.2 0.57 Not tested

4

5Avg

Plant 141, grade 2 ("Medium hard," 45 percent of kiln, SM, C)

770 6090 12.2 17.6 0.70 0. 31 Avg (5). 1165 9190 8.5 13.8 0.62 Not tested

Plant 86, grade 3 ("Salmon," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

345 140

260

165 170

4030

2610

1320 1780

18.5 2L8

20.9 2L6

19.8

24,4

27.3

26.9

28.

1

25.4

0. 76

.80

.78

.77 .78

1.08 F 12c 2,29

3. 95

3. 97

%

1, 27 (66c)

2, 79 (66c)

4. 80 (66e)

4. 68 (66c)

215 2440 20. 5 26.4 0.78

1

Plant 105, grade 1 ("Common hard," 50 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg (5) 1000 8140 8.2 n.9 0. 68 Not tested

Plant 105, grade 2 ("Straight hard," 25 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg (5) 1300 6230 U. 5 15. 5 0. 75 Not tested

Plant 141, grade 3 ("Salmon," 15 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

1 895 4400 13.9 19.8 0.70 0.64

2 930 3870 14.1 19.3 .73 .52

3 605 4020 14.1 19.8 .72 .34

4 _ 430 2670 15.8 21.3 .74 1.58

5 515 3230 14.9 19.7 .76 0.87 Avg 675 3640 14.6 20.0 0.73 0.79

k Progressive spallmg. Table 9.

Properties of bricks produced in Eastern Pennsylvania {excluding Philadelphia)

[The samples tested included bricks made from clay, shale, and mi.xtures

of clay and shale, formed by either the soft-mud or the stiff-mud side- cut process]

Plant 105, grade 2A ("Second sample (1930) of grade 2")

Avg (5) 1015 7870 9.9 13.6 0. 72 Not tested

Plant 105, grade 2B ("Third sample (1936) of grade 2")

(24-hr)

1 860 6100 13.2 18.3 0. 72 0. 29

2 790 4400 12.7 18.1 .70 « 2. 34

3.._ 870 6890 12.0 16.7 .72 0,31

4 925 4745 11.8 17.1 .69 . 10

5 945 6000 13.0 18.

1

.72 .45

6 6790 12.2 17. 3 .70 .20

7 825 6360 12,7 17.8 .71 .33

8 780 5560 13,1 18.3 .72 .19

9 560 5490 12.3 17.3 .71 .22

10 885 6750 11. 2 16. 1 .70 .48

11 945 5550 12. 2 17.5 .70 .35

12_ 655 4700 12.5 17. 3 .72 .21

13 740 4350 12.8 18. 2 .70 .31

14 870 7210 11.0 15.3 .72 . 22

15 1055 7500 11, 4 15.7 . 72 .29

16 815 6640 11, 5 16, 2 .71 .40

17 1065 6780 11.

1

15.4 . 72 .30

18 920 7010 11.8 16.8 .70 .30

19 940 5740 12.1 17. 3 . 70 , 20

20 710 6680 12.2 17. 5 , 70 . 28 Avg 820 6060 12.

1

17.1 0.71 0. 39

Water ab- Modulus

of rupture

sorption Weight

Speci- men

number

Compressive strength

Satu- loss at 51 Results beyond

51 cycles

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

ration

coeffi- cient

cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Plant 18, grade 1 ("Special face," 15 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Ib/in.^ lb/in.' % % %

1 670 5350 7.0 13.9 0.50 0. 10 (B)

2__. 640 4370 7.8 14.

1

.55 . 10 (B)

3 805 5090 5.5 11.9 .46 . 09 (B) 4 675 6420 8.2 15.0 .55 .31 (B)

5 520 4520 8.3 14.3 .58 . 28 (B) Avg 660 5150 7.4 13.8 0. 53 0. 18 (B)

Plant 18, grade 2 ("Face," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

2.10-per(!ent loss on 21st cycle.

1 820 6550 7.9 13.7 0.58 0. 21 (B)

2 440 5920 8.1 14.8 .55 . 28 (B)

3 565 5200 7.4 13.3 .56 . 15 (B)

4 580 5070 10.0 16.3 .61 .11 (B)

5 670 5650 6,9 13.0 . 57 .14 (B) Avg 615 5680 8.

1

14.2 0. 57 0. 18 (B)

[25]
Table 9.

Properties of bricks produced in Eastern Pennsylvania {excluding Philadelphia) —Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 18, grade 3 ("Dark reds," 25 percent of kiln. SM, C)

Ih/inJ tb/in.i % % %

1 456 3890 10. 6 16.4 0. 64 0. 40 (B)

2 460 4030 10.2 16.7 .61 . 46 (B)

3 450 3660 10.8 17.5 .62 .41 (B)

4._ 635 3700 11.

1

17.6 .63 .42 (B)

5 840 6130 7.8 13.6 .67 . 48 (B) Avg 545, 4280 10.1 16.3 0. 61 0.43 (B)

Plant 18, grade 4 ("Medium reds," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 365 3580 11.0 17. 6 0. 63 0. 70 (E)

2 670 4260 10. 2 16.

1

.63 . 68 (B)

3 600 4490 10.0 15.9 .63 . 40 (B)

4 456 3620 10.7 17.0 .63 . 60 (B)

5 465 3720 10.8 17.0 .64 .35 (B) Avg 490 3920 10. 5 16.7 0. 63 0.51 (B)

Plant 18, grade 6 ("Light reds," 9.5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 325 1860 16.2 .22.2 0.68 1.44

2.. 460 2530 13.4 20.

1

.67 0.68

3 296 1760 14.4 20.8 .69 1.81

4 400 2630 13.5 20.0 .67- 0. 65

5 290 2200 12.7 18.8 .68 1. 14 Avg 350 2180 13.8 20.4 0. 68 1. 12

Plant 18, grade 6 ("Salmons," 0.5 percent of kiln, SM, C) %

1 270 980 15.7 21.7 0. 72 1.21 3. 63 (84c) 2_ -. 216 1380 14.4 20.5 .70 .72 1.34 (84c) 3 300 1820 14.6 21.2 .69 .61 1.21 (84e) 4 196 990 15.

1

21.9 .69 1.25 2. 90 (84c) 6 245 1630 14.9 20.9 .71 1. 00 2. 39 (84e) Avg 246 1360 14.9 21.2 0.70 0. 96 2. 27 (84c)

Plant 18, grade 6A (^'Second sample (1936) of grade 6")

(24-hrl

1 205 1150 16.6 23.7 0.70 1.69

2 100 1145 18.2 25. 2 .72 3. 13

3 180 1450 16.6 24.1 .68 3. 19

4 180 1365 16.3 23.8 .68 1.47

5--. 135 1325 15.8 23.7 .66 2.29

6 280 1280 16.3 23.6 .70 1.44

7 160 1375 16.5 24.0 .69 1.81

8 185 1406 15.1 22.7 .66 1.12

9 160 1175 16.7 23.7 .70 1.21 10 255 1260 17.0 23.9 .71 1.96

11 220 1120 17.1 24.2 .70 1.80

12 275 1175 18.1 26.6 .72 1.42

13 165 1130 17.2 24.1 .72 2. 21 14 216 1000 17.0 24.2 .70 2.20

15 325 1215 16.8 24.2 .70 2.01 16 295 1960 14.0 21.5 .65 0.95

17 236 1445 15.2 23.0 .66 2. 05

18 150 1190 17.4 24.7 .70 2. 58

19 160 1260 16.9 23.8 .71 1.68

20 230 1295 16.3 23.4 .70 1.45 Avg 205 1280 16.0 23.9 0.69 1.88

Plant 19, grade 1 ("Commercial hard, face," 55 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1375 8250 6.8 8.4 0. 69 0. 32

2 1380 8130 6.0 8.6 .70 .30

3 1740 9900 6.4 9.

1

.70 . 11 4 1690 10300 6.5 9.2 .71 .11

5 1160 7560 8.8 10.4 .85 . 11 Avg 1470 8830 6.7 9.1 0. 73 0. 19

Table 9.Properties of bricks produced in Eastern Pennsylvania (excluding Philadelphia) —Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 61 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 19, grade 2 ("Commercial hard," 46 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Ih/inJ % % %

1 1840 8710 8.0 9.9 0. 81 0. 25 2 2160 7250 6.9 8.9 .78 .10

3 1730 7770 8.2 10.0 .82 .27

4 1450 6790 10.9 12.7 .86 .36

5 1176 5590 12.4 13.8 .90 .29 Avg 1670 7220 9.3 11.1 0. 83 0.25

Plant 19, grade 3 ("Clinker," 3 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5)

.

1360 10780 6.

1

7.0 0.66 Not tested

Plant 19, grade 4 ("Textured," 80 percent of kiln, SC, S)

l-_ 1235 11700 6.5 8.6 0.76 0.54

2 2010 10300 6.0 7.7 .78 .34

3 1660 10600 7.7 9.6 .80 .48 4 1820 11650 6.4 8.2 .78 .45

5 1815 10400 6.7 8.5 .79 .36 Avg 1710 10930 6.7 8.6 0. 78 0. 43

Plant 37, grade 1 ("Face," 66 percent of kiln, SC, C and S mixture)

1 2030 12050 8.2 9.7 0. 84 0.59

2 1860 14600 8. 1 9.6 .84 .31 3 2500 14600+ 2.3 3.8 .61 .08 4 3850 20600 -f 1.8 3.6 .61 .09

5 1960 12500 5.4 6.8 .79 .29 Avg 2440 14870+ 6.2 6.7 0. 72 0.27

Plant 37, grade 2 ("Common Hard," 25 percent of kiln, SC, C and S mixture)

1 1860 8630 9.1 10.6 0.86 0.22

2 1785 19360 5.9 7.0 .84 .16

3 1265 10200 10.0 11.6 .86 .33

4 940 5210 14.1 15.5 .91 .65

5 905 60.50 13.6 15.1 .90 .66 Avg 1360 9890 10. 5 12.0 0. 87 0. 38

Plant 37, grade 3 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C and S mixture)

1 236 1720 16.

1

17.9 0. 90 F 3c

2 830 6170 13.7 15.2 .90 F 27c

3 1180 5460 13.2 14.8 .89 F 38c

4 1040 6910 15.3 16.7 .92 F 27c

5 1700 16.2 17.9 .91 F 3e Avg 820 4190 14.9 16. 6 0. 90 F 20c

Plant 38, grade 1 ("Stretchers or dark hard," 30 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (6)

.

3180 19720 1.3 2.5 0. 52 Not tested

Plant 38, grade 2 ("Straight hard," 35 percent of kiln, £ C, S)

1 3090 16750 2.4 3.5 0. 69 0.00

2 3200 18850. 2.3 3.5 .66 .00

3 3470 17050 2.9 3.7 .78 .00

4 3500 17950 2.3 3.6 .66 . 15 5 2700 16560 3.3 4.9 .67 .99 Avg 3190 17430 2.6 3.8 0.69 0.23

[26]
Table 9.

Properties of bricks produced in Eastern Pennsylvania {excluding Philadelphia) —Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-lir cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 38, grade 3 ("Light hard," 25 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Ib/in.^ % % %

1 1300 13000 4.3 .5.4 0.80 0.22

2 1570 11150 5.7 7.0 .81 .26

3 1465 12500 4.6 5.9 .78 .52

I 1980 11400 6.1 7.4 .82 .35 1700 10800 6.7 8.6 .78 .49

Avg...-. 1615 11770 5.5 6.9 0.80 0. 37

Plant 38, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 890 5550 11.2 12.4 0. 90 2. 47

2 1025 4700 11.3 12.6 .90 2. 51

3 535 3580 12.8 14.1 .91 r 24c

4 630 3970 12.

1

13.3 .91 F 15c

5 510 3240 12.2 13.6 .90 F 6c

Avit _ , 720 4210 11.9 13.2 0. 90

Plant 44, grade 1 ("Commercial face," 80 percent of kiln, SM, S)

1 1065 4840 6.2 10.8 0. 57 0. 62

9 1105 4100 8.1 12.6 .64 .50

3 850 3770 9.6 14.6 .66 .70

4 780 4600 8.1 13.1 .62 .50

5 960 4730 6.1 10.9 .56 .38 Avg 950 4410 7.6 12.4 0.61 0.54

Plant 44, grade 2 ("Dark red straight hard," 75 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1070 6540 9.8 13.0 0. 75 0. 97

2 1220 6400 9.9 12. 7 .78 .47

3 915 7230 10.0 12.9 .78 .67

4 1005 4790 10.0 12.8 .78 .64

5 870 5430 9.0 12.3 .73 .57 Avg 1015 6010 9.7 12. 7 0.76 0.66

Plant 44A, grade 1 ("Dark hard," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, S)

1 1445 7990 9.2 11.2 0. 82 0.40

2 1450 7000 9.1 10.9 .84 .58

.3 1750 10250 6.4 8.3 .77 .45

4 1475 7430 8.2 10.1 .81 .45

5 1410 7420 7.8 10.2 .76 .47 Avg 1505 8000 8.1 10.1 0. 81 0.47

Plant 55, grade 1 ("Face, ' 72 percent of kiln, SM, C and S mixture)

Avg (5)_ 1185 6830 8.4 12.9 0.65 Not tested

Plant 55, grade 2 ("Liners," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C and S mixture)

1 605 3520 17.3 21.8 0. 79 F 50c (B)

2 940 3700 15.3 19.9 .77 0. 34 (B)

3 695 2840 17.4 21. 7 .80 .43 (B)

4 515 3180 18.6 22.8 .82 . 84 (B)

5 720 3620 17.0 21.3 .80 . 32 (B) Avg 695 3370 17. 1 21.5 0.80

Table 9.

Properties of bricks produced in Eastern Pennsylvania {excluding Philadelphia) —Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coofTi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Jtcsults beyond

51 cycles

Plant 55, grade 3 ("Salmon," 3 percent of kiln, SM, C and S mixture)

lb/in.' Ib/inJ % % % %

1 480 2090 21. 7 26. 4 0. 82 0. 42 0. 64 (75C) 2 385 1910 24. 2 28.4 ,85 1.12 1. 75 (75c) 3 405 1920 22.9 27.1 .85 0.63 1.15 (7.5c) 4 435 1580 23.5 28. 7 .82 .92 1. 27 (75?) 6 245 1070 25.9 30.4 .85 F 9c Avg 390 1710 23. 6 28. 2 0. 84

Plant 62, grade 1 ("Hard," 50 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1130 5330 10.2 12.3 0.83 0. 10 (B)

2 1610 6610 10. 7 12.3 .87 .11 (B)

3 1190 5690 13.3 14.9 .89 . 10 (B)

4 1110 3860 12.4 14.3 .87 . 19 (B)

6 780 5320 13. 2 15.5 .85 .46 (B) Avg 1165 5360 12.0 13.9 0. 86 0. 19 (B)

Plant 62, grade 2 ("Medium," 45 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 985 5690 14.3 15.8 0. 91 0. 20 (B)

2 765 5920 14.1 15.6 .90 . 10 (B)

3 945 6190 14.0 15.2 .92 . 24 rB)

i 615 4480 15.9 17.4 .91 . 20 (B)

6 750 4310 15.4 17.3 .89 . 29 (B) Avg 810 5320 14.7 16.3 0. 91 0.24 (B)

Plant 62, grade 3 ("Soft." 5 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 825 4480 17.

1

18.8 0.91 F 51c

2 690 3550 18.4 20.0 .92 8. 10 F .54c 3 825 4440 18.9 20.6 .92 3.40 F 57c 4 500 3560 19.6 21.2 .92 F 36c

5 655 3890 20.1 21. 6 .93 F 12c Avg 700 3980 18.8 20.4 0.92

Plant 70, grade 1 ("Face," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1405 8220 8.8 13.2 0. 67 0. 10 2 1130 8130 10.3 14.7 .70 .22

3 1165 10250 10.5 15.3 .69 .53

4 1465 R500 12.9 16.7 .77 .43

5 1060 7790 11.8 16.5 .72 . 10 Avg 1245 8580 10.9 15.3 0. 71 0.28

Plant 70, grade 2 ("Common," 70 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1480 8200 12.6 17.5 0. 72 0. 97 (B)

2 1195 5700 12.4 17. 3 . 72 .35 (B)

3 1260 5670 12. 7 16.7 '76 . 09 (B1

4 1300 5770 13.4 17.9 .75 . 18 (B)

5 1415 7150 10.5 15.5 .68 . 09 (B) Avg 1330 6500 12.3 17.0 0. 73 0. 34 (B1

[27]
Table 9.

Properties of bricks produced in Eastern Pennsylvania {excluding Philadelphia) —Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 6-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 70, grade 2A ("Second sample (1936) of grade 2")

(24-hr)

Z6/in.2 IblinJ % % %

1 825 5920 12.6 17. 1 0.74 1.60

2 495 5770 12. 6 17.0 .74 0. 21

3 905 5010 12.3 16.7 .74 .29 4 700 5800 12.5 16.7 .75 .28

5 1045 5290 13.7 17.9 .76 .39

6 685 5560 13.2 17.6 .75 .32

7_ . _ 765 5150 13.3 17.8 .75 .21

8 805 4850 14.8 19.6 .76 .52

9 745 5890 8.8 13.6 .65 .20

10 790 4760 13. 6 17.8 .76 .30

11 1090 4570 13.8 18.0 .77 .21

12 1095 4300 13.2 17.6 .75 .28

13 910 5600 12. 2 16.5 .74 .32

14 1025 5150 12.5 16.9 .74 .48

15 1080 5160 12.8 15.3 .84 .21

16 1135 4680 12.5 17.0 .74 .27

17 435 5230 11.9 16.3 .73 .37

18 860 5410 12.6 17.0 .74 .36

19 1035 6120 12.8 17.3 .74 .46

20 780 5820 13.5 17.9 .75 . .TO Avg 860 5300 12.8 17.

1

0. 75 0. 39

Plant 70, grade 3 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

1 880 5100 14.3 18. 9 0. 76 0. 20

2 635 3420 19.7 23.7 .83 F 27c

3 820 3980 19. 7 24.3 .81 0. 62

4 615 3500 19.6 24. 2 .81 .52

785 4500 17.5 22. 3 .79 2.20 Avg 745 4100 18. 2 22. 7 0. 80

Plant 172, grade 1 ("Stretchers," 50 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 795 5080 13.9 18.0 0. 77 Not tested

Plant 172, grade 2 ("Hard," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1015 6270 11.6 15.2 0.76 Not tested

Plant 172, grade 3 ("Salmon," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

i4

5Avg

305

275

615 425

550

2590

1880 3590

2420 2960

20.8

21.9

18.6

20. 2 19.1

24.6

25. 3

23. 1 24.3 23.0

0. 85

.87

.81 .83

.83

1.74 F 6o

0. 50

1. 10

0. 98

435 2690 20.

1

24.1 0.84

Plant 180, grade 1 ("Vitrified," 25 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 2990 19450-f 1.

1

2.3 0. 48 Not tested

Plant 180, grade 2 ("Straight hard," 60 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1675 11990+ 5.5 7.4 0. 74 ! Not tested

1

Plant 180, grade 3 ("Rough hard," 6 percent of kiln, SC, S)

-Vvg (5). 1730 11650+ 5.9 7.5 0.72 Not tested

Table 9.

Properties of bricks produced in Eastern Pennsylvania {excluding Philadelphia) —Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 180, grade 4 ("Light hard," 6 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Ib/inJ Ib/inJ % % %

1 885 5230 9.9 12.3 0.80 0.55 (B) 2 1020 6100 9.3 11.7 .79 . 19 (B)

3 1120 7550 8.5 10.9 .78 . 23 (B)

4 980 7550 9.0 10.4 .86 .18 (B)

5_ 865 5200 10.5 12.1 .87 .24 (B) Avg 975 6330 9.4 11.6 0. 82 0. 27 (B)

Plant 180, grade 5 ("Salmon," 3 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1_ 706 4000 11. 6 13.9 0.83 0.37 (B)

2 665 3810 12.4 14.9 .83 . 99 (B)

3 786 6050 U.O 13.1 .84 .16 (B)

4 1030 6490 9.7 11.6 .84 . 10 (B)

5 906 6450 9.0 10.7 .84 .17 (B) Avg 800 5160 10.7 12.8 0.84 0. 36 (B),

Plant 223, grade 1 ("Multicored face," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown

SC, S, deaired)

(24-hr)

1 745 5970 9.7 "11.2 "0.86 0.59

2 620 5340 10.2 11.7 .87 .80

3 655 7160 9.3 11.1 .84 .53

4 820 6170 9.4 11.0 .86 .79

5 615 5780 10.4 12.0 .87 .81

6 385 6360 9.3 10.8 .86 .69

7 820 6990 9.5 11.7 .82 .79

8 665 6380 9.6 11.6 .83 .47

9 720 4710 10.4 11.9 .88 .92

10 590 6410 9.7 11.5 .84 .65

11 640 6930 8.8 10.4 .84 .90

12 645 6690 9.7 11.3 .86 .72

13_ 680 6480 10.1 11.7 .86 .83

14 675 6160 10.7 12.6 .85 .78

15 500 6550 9.3 10.9 .86 .59

16 625 5730 9.3 10.9 .86 1.00

17 675 6660 9.0 10.6 .84 0. 70

18 780 6590 9.1 10.6 .86 1.61

19 405 5250 10.2 11.8 .86 1.73

20 720 7130 8.8 10. 5 .84 0.66 Avg 640 6220 9.6 11.3 0. 85 0.83

" Water absorption by 6-hr boiling is probably not a true measure of total finable pore space for deaired bricks, hence the saturation coefficients are higher than would be those calculated from the true porosity. Table 10.

Properties of bricks produced in West

Virginia and Western Pennsylvania

[All samples received were formed by the stifE-mud, side-cut process. With few exceptions, shale was the raw material. Fire clay and mixtures of clay and shale were also reported as raw materials]

ModSpeci- ulus men | of number rupture

Water ab- sorption Compres- sive str"ngth

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

61 cycles

Plant 14, grade 1 ("Arch," 26 percent of kiln, SO, S)

IblinJ lb/in.' % % %

Avg (6)

.

1865 9630 6.

1

7.2 0.70 Not tested

[28]
Table 10.- Virginia

—Properties of bricks 'produced in West and Western Pennsylvania—Continued

Table ]().•

Properties of bricks produced in West

Virginia and Western Pennsylvania—Continued

Water ab- Water ab- Modsorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number o! cycles at

failure

Modsorption

Speci- ulus Com48-hr Results Speci- ulus Com- men of pressive

5-hr

boilbeyond men of pressive 48-hr number rupture strength cold im51 cycles number rupture strength cold im-

.5-hr boil- mer- ing mer- ing

sion sion

Saturation

coedi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 14, grade 2 ("Select," 16 percent of kiln, SC, I

lb/in.

% % %

1 1805 8490 7.9 10.2 0. 77 0. 37 (B)

2 1470 7070 9.1 10.8 .84 .35 (B)

3_- 1450 6380 7.7 9.6 .80 . 18 (B)

4_ 1670 6350 7.8 9.7 .80 . 18 (B)

5__ 1300 7240 8.3 10.

1

.82 . 26 (B) Avg 1540 7110 8.2 10.

1

0.81 0, 27 (B)

Plant 14, grade 3 ("50 percent of kiln run," SC, S)

1 _ 1126 4710 11.6 13.3 0. 87 0.43 (B)

2 1420 7750 9.1 10.9 .83 . 44 (B)

3 1660 6090 6.9 9.

1

.76 . 26 (B)

4 1690 7730 8.8 10.8 .82 . 29 (B)

5 1480 8400 8.3 10.2 .81 . 28 (B)

6 1670 7350 7.6 9.6 .79 .24 (B)

7 1665 9050 8.6 10.2 .83 .43 (B)

8 1905 8990 6.5 8.7 .75 .17 (B)

9 1270 8960 9.4 11.3 .83 .31 (B)

10 1440 7660 9.2 11.0 .84 .43 (B)

11 1460 6780 8.7 10.9 .80 .35 (B)

12 1720 9820 7.3 9.1 .80 . 18 (B)

13 1765 6390 7.4 9.5 .78 .33 (B)

14 1680 6070 8.0 9.8 .82 .45 (B)

15 2210 11850 6.3 7.4 .72 . 25 (B) Avg 1590 7840 8.2 10.1 0.80 0. 32 (B)

Plant 14, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S) %

1 820 3030 12.6 14.5 0. 87 0. 87 F 66c

2 806 4020 12.8 14.3 .90 F 45c

3 785 3410 12.7 14.4 .88 1. 22 4. 10 (84c)

4 720 3460 14. 0 15.7 .89 F 18c

5 665 3670 13.7 15.7 .87 7. 10 F 75c Avg 766 3520 13.2 14.9 0.88

Plant 36, grade 1 ("Black," 18 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2390 16000 4.4 7.0 0. 63 0. 09

2 1980 10850 4.3 7.4 .58 .08

3 2200 14100 5.6 8.4 .65 .08

4 1930 13850-1- 4.3 7.3 .59 . 26

1725 13000 4.4 7.4 .69 . 16 Avg 2045 13560-1- 4.6 7.5 0.61 0. 13

Plant 36, grade 2 ("Hearts," 35 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1990 12860 4.7 8.0 0.69 0.29

2 1630 12800 5.4 8.1 .67 .09

3 1120 14950 4.2 7.2 .58 .08

4 1825 14900 4.4 6.8 .65 .00

5 2130 14260 4.1 7.0 .59 .08 Avg 1740 13960 4.6 7.4 0.62 0. 11

Plant 36, grade 3 ("Hard reds," 45 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2100 14260 4.8 7.0 0. 69 0. 17

2 2090 8990 7.0 9.4 .74 .08

3 1820 9340 6.7 9.4 .71 . 16

4 2080 10900 5.1 7.3 .70 . 17

5_ 1625 10300 6.8 9.7 .70 .17 Avg 1945 10760 6.1 8.6 0. 71 0. 15

Plant 36, grade 3A ("Second sample of grade 2")

12

3.. 4

5Avg

Ib/in.- 1620

1630

1350

1460

1536

Ih/inJ 9800

10300 8670

9770

10000

%

8.6

8.6

9. 1 8. 2

7. 1

8.3

%

10.7

10.7

11. 3 10.8

10.

1

0.80

.80

.81 .76 .70

%

0.34

.25 .26

.17

. 17

1500 9710 10.7 0. 77 0.24

Plant 36, grade 4 ("Salmon," 2 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

3

4

5Avg

435

640 846

535

430

3280

3880

4560 3970

3580

16.6

14.1 13.7

15.4

16.5

18.7

16.8

16, 1 17.8

17.9

0.88

.84

.85

.87 .87

0.55

.27

.28

.79

.77

575 3860 16.0 17.5 0.86 0. 53

Plant 41, grade 1 ("No. 1 Hard burned common, "25 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg. (6). 2270 13670 3.3 5.2 0.64 Not tested

Plant 41, grade 2 ("No. 2 Hard burned common," 65 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg. (5). 1910 12450 6.5 8.9 0.73 Not tested

Plant 41, grade 3 ("Medium burned common," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12...

34

8.Avg (5).

1265

1955

1640

1655

1805

12650

12750

12600

13160

12260

6.4 6.2

6.3

6.7

6.6

8.3

8.3 8.6

8.7

8.7

0. 77

. 76 .73

.76

.76

0.30

.33 .30

.24

.33

1645 12680 6.4 8.5 0.75 0.30

Plant 69, grade 1 ("Hard red," 70 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1650 13240 3.9 7.0 0. 56 Not tested

Plant 69, grade 2 ("Kiln run red," 90 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 2035 11690 5.9 8.6 0.69 Not tested

Plant 69, grade 3 ("Medium red," 20 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (6). 2390 12320 7.6 10.1 0.76 Not tested

Plant 09, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S) %

1 1000 4990 11.

1

13.3 0. 83 0.44 0. 53 (66c) 2 1146 4730 12.0 14.6 .83 .77 . 86 (66c) 3 960 4740 12.3 14.7 .84 .87 . 95 (66c) 4 1430 6390 11.

1

13.2 .84 .93 1.02 (66c) 5 765 5720 11.6 13.7 .86 .77 0. 94 (66c) Avg 1060 5310 11.6 13.9 0.84 0. 76 0. 86 (60c)

[29]
Table 10.

Properties of bricks produced in West

Virginia and Western Pennsylvania—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 69, grade 5 ("Kiln run bufT," 90 percent of kiln, SC, FC)

llj/inJ Ihlin:' /o % %

1 1800 10800 6.4 8.7 0.74 0. 46

2 2730 13600 3.8 5.9 .64 .17

3 880 7670 9.3 11.2 .83 .50

4 2250 12850 3.6 6.7 .64 .18

5 1155 9420 6.1 8.2 .74 .49 Avg 1765 10870 5.8 8.1 0.70 0.36

Plant 69, grade 6 ("Medium buff," 50 percent of kiln, SC, FC)

1 1660 12000 6.4 8. 2 0. 78 0.27

2 1370 6890 6.7 8.4 .80 .53

3 2040 12300 6.0 7. 7 .78 . 26

4 2170 11850 5.7 7.5 .76 No test

5 1725 10650 6.3 8.4 .75 No test Avg 1795 10740 6.2 8.0 0.77 0. 35

Plant 80, grade 1 ("Top of kiln" (down draft), 20 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (C)J 2030 8120 4.5 6.5 Not tested

Plant 80, grade 2 ("Middle of kiln" (down draft), 65 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2120 10100 5.

1

7.4 0.69 0.23

2 2120 10750 4.8 7.0 .69 .44

3 1885 9300 5.5 7.2 .76 .25 4 2130 9G00 5.0 7.

1

.70 .17

5 2560 11100 4.1 6.1 .67

.68

. 16 6 2280 10450 4.8 7.1 .27 Avg 2185 10270 4.9 7.0 0.70 0. 25

Plant 80, grade 3 ("Bottom of kiln" (down draft), 5 percent of kiln, SC,S)

1 1100 4920 8.6 10. 7 0. 80 0.60

2 985 4160 9. 1 11.4 .80 .46

3 765 3450 10.7 13. 2 .81 .50

4 825 3920 10.3 12. 5 .82 .89

5,_ 965 4000 10.0 12.0 .83 .64

6 1010 4180 9.0 11.0 .82 .39

i Avg 940 4100 9.6 11.8 0.81 0.58

Plant HO, grade 1 ("Clinker," 5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2200 22500 1.6 3.9 0.44 0. 08 (B)

7 2490 21500 2.4 4.4 .54 . 08 (B)

3... 1635 18150 1. 1 4.2 . 26 . 00 (B)

4 2670 24500 1.4 3.8 .37 . 00 (B)

5, _. 2570 23800 1.8 4.3 .42 . 07 (B)

6 2980 22500 1.6 3.9 .41 , 16 (B) Avg 2425 22160 1.6 4.

1

0.41 0. 06 (B)

Plant 140, grade 2 ("All hard," 60 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1850 13200 5.8 8.5 0.68 0. 15 (B)

2 2330 16850 4.0 6.6 .61 . 15 (B)

3 2240 15000 3.7 6.4 .58 . 00 (B)

4 2120 15700 4.3 6.7 .64 .16 (B)

.5 1960 12780 5.2 7.8 .67 .00 (B)

6 1425 12120 7.4 9.8 . 75 .14 (B) Avg 1990 14280 5. 1 7.6 0. 66 0. 10 (B)

Table 10.Properties of hricks produced in West

Virginia and Western Pennsylvania—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 140, grade 3 ("Medium rough hard," 30 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Ib/inJ % % %

1 960 6680 9.7 11.5 0.84 0. 18 (B)

2 1000 8560 10.7 12.9 .83 . 26 (B)

3 1330 9590 10.4 12.5 .83 . 62 (B)

4 1590 10730 7.7 9.9 .78 . 17 (B)

5 1245 8600 8. 1 9.9 .82 . 18 (B)

6 1035 5020 11.7 13. 7 .85 . 25 (B) Avg 1195 8200 9.7 11.7 0.82 0. 28 (B)

Plant 140, grade 4 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 886 5200 13.4 15.6 0. 86 0.43

2 635 3290 14.7 16. 5 .89 F 21c

3 855 4600 13.1 15.4 .85 0. 32

4 485 2690 14.7 16.9 .87 F 8c

5 1 735 4530 13.9 15.7 .89 0. 36

6 680 2460 15.1 16.7 .90 F 6c Avg 696 3800 14. 2 16.1 0.88

Plant 143, grade 1 ("Vitrified," 20 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2340 11150 3.3 6.7 0.49 0. 15 (B)

2 2750 19800 1.8 5.5 .33 . 00 (B)

3 2520 17750 .3.3 6.3 .62 . 07 (B)

4 2440 16600 3.4 6.1 .56 . 16 (B)

5 2385 11200 3.7 6.3 .59 . 07 (B) Avg 2485 15300 3. 1 6.2 0.50 0. 09 (B)

Plant 143, grade 2 ("Commercial hard," 70 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (10) 2200 13940 4. 8 7. 4 0. 63 Not tested

Plant 143, grade 3 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1130 7960 8.6 10.8 0.80 0.81

2 1180 5740 10.9 13.3 .82 .70

3 970 4920 12. 2 14,4 .86 L40

4 986 5220 11. 7 14.1 .83 1. 17

5 1000 4650 12. 4 14.7 .84 1.96 Avg 1056 5700 11.2 13. 5 0.83 L 21

Plant 145, gracle 1 ("Face," 85 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

Avg (6)-. 2095 9970 7.0 9. 1 0. 77 Not tested

Plant 146, grade 2 ("Arch," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

1 2330 11170 6.6 9.6 0.69 0. 18 (B)

2 2250 12630 6.8 9.8 .69 . 17 (B)

3 1850 12000 6.8 9. 2 .74 . 16 (B)

4 1550 10000 8.8 10.8 .82 .24 (B)

5 2000 9600 7.7 10.2 .76 . 10 (B) Avg 1995 11080 7.3 9.9 0. 74 0. 17 (B)

Plant 145, grade 3 ("Salmon, ' 6 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

1 1250 7170 10. 6 12.5 0.85 0. 38 2 1646 6620 9. 1 IL 3 .81 .35

3 1125 6040 11. 4 13.6 .84 .70

4 1265 6400 10.4 12.4 .84 .58

5 1166 6610 10.0 12. 2 .82 .52 Avg 1290 6370 10.3 12.4 0. 83 0.61

[30]
Table 10.

Pro-periien of bricks produced in Went

Virginia and Western Pennsylvania—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefTi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 157, grade 1 ("Common hard," 85 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Plant 163, grade 1 ("Hard," 50 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5) 3195 16160 0.90 2.60 0.35 Not tested

Plant 163, grade 2 ("Medium," 40 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5) 2305 11670 3.6 6.1 0.60 Not tested

Plant 163, grade 3 ("Soft," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2400 11500 5,2 7.4 0.70 0.00 2-- 2540 12890 3.8 5.7 .67

.68

.00

3 2500 13000 4.2 6.2 .00

4 2230 10840 4.8 7.2 .67 .00

5_.. 2380 12090 5. .08

1

7,0 .73 Avg 2410 12060 4.6 6.7 0.69 0.02

Plant 177, grade 1 ("Common," 9i percent of kiln, SC S)

Avg (14) 2260 9240 4.8 6.8 0.73 Not tested

Plant 210, grade 1 ("Representative sample," percentage of kiln unknown,

SC, S)

Avg (5) 2050 11890 4.

1

6.1 0. 67 Not tested

Plant 224, grade 1 ("Hard," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown,

SC, S)

(24-hr)

1 1685 14150 2.9 5.2 0. 50 0. 16

2 1320 15050 3.0 5.0 . 59 .28

3 1640 15750 2.9 5.0 .57 . 10

4._ 1330 12950 1.8 3.3 . 54 . 10

5 1745 13100 0.9 2.3 .39 .20

6 2210 11150 3.0 5.2 .58 .24

7 1690 13100 2.8 5.0 . 56 . 16

8 1425 9500 2.9 5.2 . 56 .25

9__ 1055 13200 3.0 5.

1

, 58 .22

10 3220 16400 1.

1

2.6 .42 . 10

11 905 15250 3.0 5.0 . 60 .09

12 1040 12650 2.9 4.9 . 59 . 10

13_ _ 1540 13800 2.4 4.3 . 50 . 17 14 1575 14600 3.5 5.6 . 63 .20

15 2300 13200 2.8 4.9 . 57 . 19

16 _ 1785 14900 2. 1 4.0 . 53 . 18

17 2400 11300 2.8 4.9 . 56 .08

18 1170 10550 2.9 5. 1 .57 . 10

19 1530 14700 3.5 5.6 . 63 .28 20 2150 12550 3.3 5.6 . 60 . 17 Avg 1685 13690 2.7 4.7 0. 56 0. 17

Tablk M). --Properties of bricks produced in Wes

Virf/iniu and Western Pennsylvania—Continued

Water absorption ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive 48-hr number rup- strength cold 6-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Itesults beyond

51 cycles

Plant, 224, grade 2 ("Light hard" (19.36), SC, ,S) percentage of kiln unknown.

lb/in.' lb/in.' % % %

Avg (5) 1600 7190 7.5 9.1 0.83 Not tested 12.

Avg_

lb/in.' 1035

1320

1250 1165

1205 995

1035 960

1280

1185 930

1195

1295 795

1110 965

1195

1110

Ib/inJ 6320

6040 6730

6840

7450

4870

4680

5530

5410

5910 5290

0840 6490

5590 5850 3860

6310

(24-hr) %

11.9

11.0 11.6

11.4

11.2 13.7

13.5

12.2

10.4 11.8

12.1 11.8

11.5 13.2

12.5

13.3 11.8

5960 12.

1

%

14.0

13.0

13.4

13.4 13.0

16.4

16.3

14.

1

12.2

13.8

13.8

12.7

13.5

15.2

14.6

15.1 13.9

13.9

0.85

.84 .86

.86

85

0.86

%

0. 43

.28

.43

.34 .40 F 49c F 36c

0. 45 1.36

0. 42

.72

.43

. 51 .54 .41

.93

.43

Plant 224, grade 3 ("Unmarketable Salmons," (1937) percentage of kiln unknown, SC, S)

(24-hr)

1 __ 265 2000 13.9 17. 3 0.80 6. 22 F 53c

2__ 295 1910 14. 5 18. 2 .80 F 10c

3 125 1010 15.7 19.4 .81 F2c

4 150 1320 15.2 18.7 .82 F 4c

5 210 1590 15.1 18.4 .82 F 2c

6 260 1720 15.0 18.6 .82 F 20

7... 230 1700 16. 1 18.4 .82 F 5e

8 180 1440 16.3 18.6 .82 F 2c

9 140 1060 16.6 18.6 .83 F Ic 10 140 1260 16.6 18.9 .82 F 2e

11 300 2160 15.1 18.1 .84 F lOe

12 135 1160 15.6 18.9 .83 F 2c

13 150 1780 16.1 19.

1

.84 F 2c

14 120 1190 15.7 18.2 .84 F Ic

15 140 1340 16.6 19.7 .84 F Ic

16 180 1660 15.7 18.6 .84 F 2c

17 270 1910 16.6 18.4 .84 F 13c

18 260 1980 16.2 18.1 .84 F lOe

19 235 2230 15.2 17.8 .86 F 10c 20 215 2100 15. 1 17.9 .84 F 9c Avg 200 1620 15.3 18.5 0. 83

Plant 225, grade 1 ("Hard, ' (1936) percentage of kiln unknown , SC, FC)

(24-hr)

1 2725 14190 0. 5 1.8 0. 27 0. 29

2 2765 15120 . 7 2.4 .29 . 17 3 2920 1,5380 .8 2.3 .34 .24

4 2655 16970 .7 2.3 .32 .24

5 2915 17000 .8 2.3 .34 .09 6 2410 19170 .8 2.

1

.36 ». 93

7 2880 16160 .5 1.9 .26 . 18 8 3135 17750 .7 2.2 .32 . 18 9 3160 14050 .7 2.0 .34 .00

10 2695 12580 .8 2.2 .36 .18 n_ 2550 19420 .8 2.4 .32 .60

12 2435 18540 .8 2.4 .34 .08

13 2050 160S0 1.0 2.6 .38 .33

14 2770 12270 0.6 2.2 .28 . 19

15 2276 18970 .8 2.5 .31 .16

16 2705 15160 .7 2.4 .31 .08

17 2235 12770 .6 1.9 .26 .09

18 2620 18070 .7 2.3 .32 .17

19_ , -

.

2625 14220 .8 2.

1

.36 .42

20 2986 13330 .7 2.0 .38 .17 Avg 2675 15860 0.7 2.2 0. 32 0. 23

Loss of 0.80 percent occurred on 18th cycle.

[31]
Table 11, — Properties of bricks -produced in Ohio

I The samples represent bricks formed by the soft-mud and the stiff-mud

side-cut processes. The raw materials include surface clay, fire clay, and shale]

Table 11.

Properties of bricks produced in Ohio—Con.

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water

absorption

48-hr cold 6-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Sat- uration

CO- efB- cient

Weight

loss at

51 cycles

or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 2, grade 1 ("Common," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, S)

Ib/inJ lb/in.' % % % %

1 1540 11R90 6.4 8.6 0.74 0. 16 0.16 (87e)

2 1620 14770 5.2 7.4 .70 .08 . 08 (87c) 3 1765 14600 .5.4 7.8 .69 .00 . 00 (87c)

4 2170 18290 3.0 4.7 .64 .00 . 00 (87c) 5 1690 13620 4.3 6.5 .66 .00 . no (87c) 6 1950 15950 L2 3.3 .36 .25 . 25 (87c)

7. 1690 161,W 2.

1

4.

1

..51 .00 . 00 (87c) 8 2130 190.50-f 0.8 2. 1 .38 .00 . no (87c) Avg 1820 15540+ 3.6 5.6 0.58 0. 06 0. nn (87c)

Plant 2A, grade 1 ("Common," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, S)

1., 3305 20280 2.0 4. 1 0. 49 0. 15 0. 15 (87c) 2 2100 14190 1.2 2.4 .50 .00 . 00 (87c) 3 2680 15240 3.5 .5.6 .62 .08 . 08 (87c)

4.. 2770 17690-f 2.4 4.3 .56 .09 . 09 (87c)

5_ 3350 20650 2.4 4.4 .55 .07 . 07 (87c) 6 3270 19570+ 1.7 3.8 .45 .08 . 08 (87c) 7 . 1985 13450 5.8 7.8 .74 . 14 . It (87c) 8 1575 12650 5.2 7.0 .74 .08 . 08 (87c) Avg 2630 16700+ 3.0 4.9 0.68 0.09 0. 09 (87c)

Plant 3, grade 1 ("96 percent kiln run," SC, S)

1 1690 12100 2.9 4.9 0. 59 0. 00 0. 00 (87c) 2 1285 8970 4. 1 7.4 .55 .09 . 09 (87c)

3 1170 11050 4.4 7.4 ..59 .09 . 09 (87c) 4 1515 8900 4.6 7.

1

.65 .08 . 08 (87o)

5 _-_ 1460 9800 5. fi 7.3 .74 .09 . 09 (S7c) Avg 1425 10160 1.3 6.8 0. 62 0.07 0. 07 (S7c)

Plant 3, grade 2 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 765 71.50 10.8 13.1 0. 83 0.54 0. 54 (87c) 2 545 5570 10.8 13.8 .78 .52 . 52 (87c)

3 590 6340 12. 2 15.1 .81 .49 . 58 (87c)

4 595 5600 11.4 13.8 .83 .41 . 41 (87c)

5_. . 550 5740 , 12.

1

1.5.0 .81 .66 . 73 (87c) Avg 610 6080 11.5 14.2 0. 81 0. 52 0. 56 (87c)

Plant 74, grade 1 ("Clinker," 0.1 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1890 9700 0.4 LI 0.27 Not tested

Plant 74. grade 2 ("Face," 6 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefTi- cient

Weight

loss at 61 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 74, grade 4 ("Hard," 84.9 percent of kiln, SM, C)

lb/in.' Iblin.' % % % %

1 955 4980 16.3 19.6 0. 83 0. 77 (B)

2 1015 5430 16.0 19.1 .84 1. 25 (B)

3 1455 9800 8.7 13.7 .63 0. 22 (B)

4 1600 10900 9.3 13.4 .69 0. 10 fB)

5 565 3480 17. 2 20.0 .86 1. 57 (B) Avg 1120 6920 13. 5 17. 2 0. 77 0. 78 (B)

Plant 74, grade 5 ("Salmon," 4 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 555 3700 18. 5 20.2 0. 92 3. 10 3. 36 (63c) 2 . 515 2900 18.1 20.8 .87 3. 50 4. 04 (63c) 3 560 3380 17.0 19. 2 .89 4.20 4. 62 (63e) 4 620 2650 16.6 20. 1 .83 3. 70 4. 05 (63c)

5 615 3770 17.5 19.3 .91 5.60 5. 92 (63c)

Avg... 650 3280 17.5 19.9 0.88 4.02 4. 38 (63c)

Plant 92, grade 1 ("Hard," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1660 10900 5.4 7.

1

0. 76 0.08

2 1720 11700 5.5 7.6 .72 .17

3 1400 13600 6.2 6.9 .75 .17

4 1885 12300 5.0 6.7 .76 .08

5 1760 12750 5.5 7.2 .76 .08 Avg 1685 12250 5.3 7.1 0.76 0. 12

Plant 92, grade 2 ("Medium," 70 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1810 13300 5.2 7.0 0.74 0. 09

2 17.50 13850 6.7 7.0 .82 .09

3 1675 10700 6.1 7.4 .82 .09 4 1570 11150 6.6 8.4 .79 .18

5 1350 10260 7.0 8.7 .80 .09

Avg..-- 1630 11850 6.

1

7.7 0. 79 0.11

Plant 92, grade 3 ("Soft," 20 percent of kihi, SC, S)

1 1560 11150 7. 5 9.3 0.81 0.18 0. 18 (57c) 2 1505 10800 7. 5 9.2 .82 .08 . 08 (57c)

3 1680 7570 8.6 10.4 .83 .18 . 18 (57cl 4 1395 7280 9.7 10.9 .89 .08 . 08 (57c)

5 lOOn 6700 10.8 12.5 .87 .34 . 34 (57c) Avg 1430 8700 8.8 10. 5 0. 84 0. 17 0. 17 (57c)

Plant 101, grade 1 ("Light red common ," 30 percent of kiln, SC, R)

Avg (5). 1530 11410 8.5 11. 3 0. 75 Not tested

Plant 101, grade 2 ("Full range commons," 60 to 80 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

2140

2110 2090

1780 2380

11300 8770

11300 9800

130.50

4.3

6.3

4.7

7.6

0.6

5.4 8.6

6.2 IL 5 3.3

0.80

.73

.90 .66

.18

0. 44 (B)

. 11 (B)

. 21 (B)

. 26 (B)

. 00 (B)

Avg (5)

.

2100 17090+ 4. 1 6.8 0. 49 Not tested

3

4

5 Plant 101, grade 3 ("Dark range commons," 30 percent of kiln, SC,S)

Avg 2100 10840 4.7 6.8 0.65 0. 20 (B)

12 3510

2730

2330

2360

2210

21400+

21900+

23200 200C0+

18700

0.4

1.2

1.9 4.3

5.

1

2.

1

3.6

5.0 7.3 8.2

0. 19 .33

.38

59 .62

No test 0.00

.00

.00

.09

3 Plant 74, ?rade 3 ("Sewer (arch)," 6 percent of kiln, SM, C) 4

6 Avg (6). 1405 9840 7.9 11.7 0.68 Not tested Avg - - 2630 21040+ 2.6 5.2 0.42 0.02

[32]
Table 11.

Properties of bricks produced in Ohio—Con. Table 11.

Properties of bricks produced in Ohio—Con.

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold im- mersion

0-hr boUing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Water absorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

riant 101, grade 4 ("Full range clay commo'n," percentage of kiln un- known, SC, FC)

Plant 120, grade 2 ("Face (Variable shades)," 30 percent of kUn, SM, C)

Iblin.' Iblin.' % % %

1 2210 19450 3.3 4.8 0.69 No test

0 2190 20500 3.3 4.3 .77 No test

3 2100 21100-1- 3.4 4.3 .79 0. 10

4 2060 20500 0.9 2.8 .32 .00

5- 1890 22300 1.4 2.9 .48 .00 Avg 2090 207704- 2.5 3.8 0.61 0. 03

Plant 101, grade 5 ("Full range common," percentage of kiln xmknown,

SC, FC)

Avg (5). 2495 16350 4.7 6.6 0. 65 Not tested

Plant 111, grade 1 ("Commons," 98 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5)

.

800 10560 7.4 9.3 0. 79 Not tested

12

3

4.5

6

Avg._._

lb/in.' 2410

3200

1970 3170

2180

2090

Ibfin.' 9650

8410

11550 12300 9540

9750

%

3.1 0.5

4.0

1.6 3.8

5.9

%

5.8

2.5

5.9

4.0 7.2

9.3

0. 53

.20

.68

.38 .53

. 64

%

0.36 (B)

.10 (B)

.30 (B)

.33 (B)

.19 (B) No te.st

2505 10200 3.1 5.8 0.59 0.26 (B)

Plant 120, grade 3 ("Selected commons," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (6). 1300 7870 7.8 11.5 0.68 Not tested

Plant 120, grade 4 ("Commons, light," 25 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

Avg (6). 950 6210 11.7 15. 6 0. 75 Not tested

Plant 120, grade 5 ("Backup (Salmon)," 15 percent of kiln, SM, O)

4670

3160

3720 5930

4240

4250

14.6

17.4

15.9

15. 1 16.5

15.8

17.8 20.5

18.9

18. 6

20.

1

18.8

0. 82

.85

.84

.81 .82

.84

0.51 (B)

.53 (B)

1.10 (B)

.30 (B)

.37 (B)

.73 (B)

Avg (5). 795 12120 3.8 6.3 0.60 Not tested

12

3

720

375 960

460

675 830

4__ Plant 114, grade 1 ("Clinkers," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C) 5

fi Avg (5). 2035 10610 4.5 6.8 0. 73 Not tested Avg 670 4330 15.9 19.1 0.83 0.71 (B)

Plant 114, grade 2 ("Hard," 5 percent of kiln. SM, C) Plant 122, grade 1 ("Vitrified," 18 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 855 4030 21.7 27.

1

0.80 No test 2 1690 7010 18.0 23.8 . 76 ^__do

3 660 3880 23.7 26.6 .89 1.78 (B)

4 _ 640 3630 22.

1

26.7 .83 0.58 (B)

5 445 3900 20.1 23.9 .84 1.39 (B) Avg 855 4490 21.1 25.6 .82 1.25 (B)

Plant 114, grade 3 ("Common, 90 percent kiln run," SM, C)

1 880 3340 20.5 24.0 0. 85 1.50 2 810 4260 18.9 20.

1

.94 1. 10

3 365 3960 23.5 27.

1

.87 1.50

4 565 3400 24.0 27.2 .88 2. 90

5-- 620 2940 20.7 21.6 .96 5.60 Avg 650 3580 21.5 24.0 .90 2.52

Plant 116, grade 1 ("Kiln run," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C) %

1 910 3730 21.5 24.5 0.88 0.00 F mc

2 650 3180 22.8 26.9 .85 F 42c

3 __. 960 4980 18.4 22. 1 .83 0.25 0.49 (63c) 4 870 3580 22.6 26.8 .84 F 21c

5 660 2610 23.8 26.8 .89 F 42c

6 420 2450 24.2 26.8 .90 F 50c

7 1020 3840 19.9 23.3 .85 F 45c

8 1005 4540 18.7 22.3 .84 F 50c 9 1020 3460 21.8 25.5 .86 F 48c

10 1010 4020 20.9 25.0 .84 F 18c Avg 850 3640 21.5 25.0 .86

Plant 120, grade 1 ("Face," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (6). 3425 15620 0. 35 0.78 0. 36 Not tested

Avg (5). 2085 18100-t- 3.

1

5.4 0. 57 Not tested

Plant 122, grade 2 ("Hard," 30 percent of kiln, SC, S) Avg (5) 2415 17580 2. 1 3.9 0.54 Not tested

Plant 122, grade 3 ("Medium," 50 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 Avg (5).| 2090 14670 4.6 6.5 0. 70 Not tested

Plant 122, grade 4 ("Soft or salmon," 2 percent of kiln, SC, S)

123

4

5Avg (5).

715

1010 655

955

890

6290

6300

6900

6720

6720

10.0 8.7

9.7 8.7

9.3

12.

1

10.9

11.8 10.5

11.

0. 83 .80

.82

.83 .84

0. 50 .35 .43

.35

.65

845 6590 9.3 11.3 0.82 0.46

Plant 208, grade 1 ("Line," 70 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (13) 755 4600 9.5 14.0 0.66 One tested,

0.38 per

cent loss

Plant 208, grade 2 ("Backup," 20 to 30 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

510

340

760

595 645

2340

2260 3010

2690

2350

13.6 12.8

13.

1

13.1

13.4

18.3

17.7

16.9

16.9

17. 2

0.74

.72

.78 .78

.78

1.26

0. 43 (B)

.25 (B)

.44 (B)

.67

570 2530 13.2 17.4 0.76 0. 61 (A &

B)

[33]
Table 12.

Properties of bricks produced in Detroit

District Table 12.

Properties of bricks produced in Detroit

District—Continued

I A II samples received were formed from surface clay by the soft-mud

process. The "kiln run" and "stock" grades were fired in score kilns. The "exterior" grades were reported to be from downdraft kilns.]

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Results beyond

61 cycles

Plant 8, grade 1 ("Stock," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

/o % % %

1 2310 19. 7 23. 5 0.84 0. 75

2 2000 15. 6 19.8 .79 .39 610 3130 15. 9 19. 2 .83 .49

4.. 485 2490 19. 2 22.9 .84 .33

o„ 445 2020 20. 3 23.6 .86 .77 Avg 480 2390 18.1 21.8 0.83 0. 55

Plant 8, grade 2 ("95 percent kiln run. " salmons excluded, SM, C)

1 815 4270 15. 6 19.7 0. 79 0.28 0. 28 (84c) 2 1010 3790 15.7 20. 6 .76 .20 . 29 (84c)

3 785 3550 16. 4 20.5 .80 .62 . 82 (84c)

4_. 950 4540 15. 4 19.8 .78 .22 . 22 (84c)

5 555 3550 15.8 20. 1 .79 .77 1. 14 (84c) Avg 820 3940 15.8 20. 1 0.78 0. 42 0. 55 (84c)

Plant 9, grade 1 ("Stock," percentace of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 450 3880 20. 7 20.7 1. CO 2.60

2__ 465 4140 22.0 22. 5 0.98 0.80

3 720 4070 21.3 21.3 1.00 .70

4 970 4500 21.7 21.7 1. 00 1. 81

5 4130 22.4 23.2 0. 97 6. 55 Avg 650 4140 21.6 21.9 0.99 2.49

Plant 9, grade 2 ("95 percent kiln run," salmons excluded, SM, C)

1 620 3490 21.2 23.5 0.90 0. 94 3. 40 (81c)

9 395 2590 24.7 28.0 .88 F 19c

3__ 895 3150 24.0 27.6 .87 F 21c

4 540 3280 23.8 27.6 .86 F 35c

5 480 2900 22.8 25. 9 .88 F 9c

.A.vg 585 3080 23.3 26.5 0. 88

Plant 10, grade 1 ("Stock," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 710 .39.20 18. 5 20. 5 0.90 0.40 (B)

2 240 3070 19. 6 22.8 .86 No tost

3 430 3170 18.8 21.0 .90 0.72 (B)

4 805 3.390 19.0 21. ] .90 .27 (B)

5_. 735 3180 18.5 21.0 .88 .37 (B) Avg 585 3350 18.9 21.3 0.89 0.44 (B)

Plant 10, grade 2 ("95 percent kiln run. ' salmons excluded, SM, C)

1 560 2570 22. 0 25. 2 0.87 0. 60

2 760 3500 19. 0 21. 1 .90 .53

3 680 3300 18.6 21.3 .87 .65

4 400 3020 21. 1 23.4 .90 .57

5 725 3050 18.8 19.9 .94 .69 Avg 635 3090 19. 9 22. 2 0. 90 0. 61

Plant 10, grade 3 ("Salmons," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 550 3460 19. 2 20. 3 0.94 2.70 4. 10 (81c) 2 725 2560 19. 6 21. 1 .93 2. 10 3. .30 {81c)

3 600 2280 20. 3 21.8 .93 2.40 4. 80 (81c)

4... 215 2080 18. 3 20.0 .92 1. 00 2. 30 (81c)

5 680 2330 19.8 20.9 .95 1. 30 2. 70 (81c) Avg 555 2540 19.4 20.8 0. 93 1. 90 3. 44 (Sic)

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

tui'e

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeiri- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 11, grade 1 ("Exterior," percentage of kiln unknown, SM. C)

Ih/in.t Ib/inJ % % % %

1 2320 S630 4.7 5.8 0. 81 No test 2 930 10800 1.2 1.8 .67 0.00 (B)

3 1410 5880 S,5 n.6 .73 . 12 (B)

4 1450 116S0 3.0 3.5 .86 . 00 (B)

5 2800 8960 2.7 3.3 .82 No test Avg 1780 9190 4.0 5.2 0. 78 0. 04 (B)

Plant 11. grade 2 ("Stock," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 815 5250 14.6 17.8 0. 82 No test 2 1280 4980 13. 2 18.7 .71 ____do

3 945 8070 14.1 18.5 .76 0. 22 (B)

4 1045 5790 14.5 18.4 .79 . 13 (B)

5 1165 4890 15.6 19.2 .81 . 12 (B) Avg 1050 5400 14.4 18.5 0.78 0. 16 (B)

Plant 11, grade 3 ("95 percent kiln run," salmons excluded, SM, C)

1 565 3490 18.7 20.7 0.90 0.58 0. 67 (840) 2 060 3470 19.3 21. 1 .92 0.54 . 72 (84c) 3 495 2880 19.7 22.0 .90 3. 70 3. 90 (84c) i 520 3030 19.3 21. 5 .90 0.55 0. 65 (84c)

5 2650 20.9 23.3 .90 .74 . 98 (84c^ Avg 560 3100 19.6 21.7 0.90 1. 22 1. 38 (84c)

Plant 12, grade 1 ("Exterior," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1970 6910 4.1 7.0 0. 59 0. 00

1605 3840 7.8 12.0 .65 .00

3 1550 5000 10.0 13.9 .72 . 11 4 1310 4860 9.3 14.2 .65 .22

5 1570 4750 9.2 13.3 .69 .31 Avg 1600 5070 8.1 12.1 0.66 0.13

Plant 12, grade 2 ("Stock," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 1080 3590 19.0 24.2 0.79 F 50c (B)

2 595 4360 18.8 22.3 .84 No test 3 580 3850 21.9 25.4 .86 F 31c (B)

4 1025 4030 20.0 2.3.9 .84 F 34c fB)

5 540 3250 22. 5 25.6 .89 No test Avg 765 3820 20.4 24.3 0.84 F 38c (B)

Plant 12, grade 3 ("95 percent kiln run," salmons excluded, SM, C)

1 710 2740 21.9 25.0 0.88 2.30 2. 50 (Sic) 2 635 2920 21. 7 25.2 .86 0.40, 0. 61 (84c)

3.- 590 2450 22.5 26. 2 .86 6.20 6. 30 (84c) 4 385 3450 21.3 25.0 .85 0. 25 0. 49 (84c) 5 640 3500 21. 1 23.7 .89 .72 0. 93 (84c) Avg 590 3010 21.7 25.0 0. 87 1.97 2. 17 (84e)

Plant 13, grade 1 ("Exterior Type A," percentage of kiln unknown. SM, C)

Avg (5)_ 2370 9500 1.4 2.9 0.44 Not tested

34
Table 12.

Properties of bricks produced in Delroil

District—Continued

Water ab- Modsorption

Saturation

coeffl- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 13, grade 2 ("Exterior type B," percentage of kiln unknown,

SM, C)

Ib/inJ Ib/in.i % /o /o

1 1960 9500 2.4 4.1 0.59 0. 24 (B)

2 1830 9060 0.5 1.6 .31 .11 (B)

3. 2370 10000 .5 1.9 .26 .0!) (B)

4._ 1920 113.50 .5 1.0 .50 .(10 (B)

5 2095 9510 .5 1.0 .50 . 10 (B) Avg 2035 9880 0.9 1.9 0. 43 0. 11 (B)

Plant 13 grade 3 ("Exterior Type C," percentage of kiln unknown. SM, C)

1 1425 6410 6.1 8.9 0.69 0.09 (B)

2 1020 3930 11.4 15.9 .72 .34 (B)

3 890 3920 12.2 16.8 .73 . 35 (B)

4 14.30 6300 7.0 11.3 .62 .11 (B)

5 1265 7510 6.9 9.0 .77 .32 (B) Avg 1205 5610 8.7 12.4 0. 71 0. 24 (B)

Plant 13, grade 4 ("Exterior Type D," SM, C)percentage of kiln unknown,

1 2610 11500 0.9 2.2 0.40 0. 09 (B)

2 2980 14800 .5 1.4 .36 . 09 (B)

3 2420 9800 .6 3.2 .19 .25 (B)

4 2120 12400 1.3 2.6 .50 .13 (B)

5 2180 11000 1.4 3.6 .39 . 18 (B) Avg 2460 11900 0.9 2.6 0. 37 0. 15 (B)

Plant 13, grade 5 ("Stock," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 415 2420 22.0 24.6 0. 89 0.94 (B)

2 335 2490 21.7 24.2 .90 1. 14 (B)

3 635 2620 22.

1

26.0 .85 0. 49 (B)

4 610 2880 21.

1

23.7 .89 .72 (B)

5 486 2320 21.0 23.0 .91 . 90 (B) Avg 495 2550 21.6 24.3 0.89 0. 84 (B)

Plant 13, grade 6 ("95 percent of kiln run," salmons excluded, SM, C) %

1 545 2550 20.1 23.9 0.84 0.43 0. 65 (84c) 2 515 2800 19.5 23.6 .83 .31 . 31 (84c)

3 425 2650 20.6 23.9 .86 1.03 1. 29 (84c) 4 650 3100 19.3 23.7 .81 0.44 . 44 (84c) 5 655 3030 20.0 23. 1 .87 .41 . 62 (84c) Avg 555 2830 19.9 23.6 0. 84 0. 52 0. 66 (84c) Plant 13, grade 6A ("Second sample (1936) of grade fi")

(24-hr)

1 680 3860 21.3 24.9 0. 86 1.27

2 365 3580 20. 5 23.8 .86 1.04

3 535 3540 19.9 22.4 .88 2. 06

4 635 3850 19.4 22.7 .86 0. 91

5 790 3260 21,0 24.6 .86 .83

6 550 2980 21.2 23.9 .89 .90

7 470 3020 21.

1

25.

1

.84 .65

8_. - 500 2920 20.7 23.8 .87 .86

9 535 4300 19.9 23.2 .86 .91

10 650 3740 19.2 21.8 .88 1.36

11 530 3850 20.0 23.5 .85 1.49

12 625 3320 20.3 22.9 .88 0. 91

13 750 4520 19.8 23.2 .86 .60

14 425 3280 22.0 26.0 .84 F 24c

15 580 3070 20.7 23.5 .88 0. 89

16 295 22.0 26.0 .84 F 51c

17 635 3210 21.0 24.0 .88 0. 94

18 485 3070 20.9 22.3 .94 2. 01

19 540 4520 18.6 21.6 .86 0.59

20 695 3380 21.9 25.6 .86 1.04 Avg 565 3.540 20.6 23. 7 0. 87

Table 13.-

Properties of bricks produced in Wisconsin

[All samples received were formed from surface clay by either the soft- mud or the stifl-mud, side-cut proce.ss. Many of the bricks contain

finely divided free lime which hydrates and carbonates with time, causing significant gains in weight. This high lime content is the cause of the characteristic light color of many of these samples]

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Water

tioi

48-hr

cold immersion

absorp1

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coefTi- cient

Weight

los.s at 51 cycles or number

of cycles

at failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 60, grade 1 ("Sewer," 4 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12Avg

1975

1760

Ibjin.- 7370 9270 %

10. 5 6.8 %

15.7 10.7 0.67

.64 %

0. 13 .000. I3"f78f)

. 00 (78e)

1870 8320 8.0 13.2 0. 66 0.06 0. 06 (78c)

Plant 60, grade 2 ("Select," 46 percent of kiln, SM, 0)

12Avg940

985

5350

5440

16.3 14.8

20.

1

18.9

O..SI .78

0. 00

.20

0. 00 (78c) .31 (78c)

965 5400 15.6 19.5 0.80 0. 10 0. 16 (78c)

Plant 50, grade 3 ("Common," 46 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12Avg485

445

2660

3070

21. 4 21.1 24.7

24.7

0. 87

.85

0. 26 .410. 39 (78c)

. 62 (78c)

465 2860 21.2 24.7 0.86 0. 34 0. 60 (78c)

Plant 50, grade 4 ("Soft," 4 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12Avg

440

640

2390

2590 20.922.4

24.6

24.7

0. 85

.91 0.60

.83

0. 90 (78c)

1. 18 (78c)

540 2490 21.6 24.6 0. 88 0.72 1. 04 (78c)

Plant 61, grade 1 ("Clinkers," 6 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5). 1285 10590 8.9 12.2 0.78 /Not

1 tested

Plant 61, grade 2 ("Hard," 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

1725

1850 1060

930

646

7140

6900

6450

5190 4470

15.6

13.8

19.5 20.7

23.8

21.0

18.6 23.0 25.8

28.5

0.74

.74

.85

.80

.84

0. 13 (B)

. 14 (B)

. 53 (B) F60c(B) F 50c (B)

1240 6030 18.7 23.4 0. 79

Plant 61, grade 3 ("Soft," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

465

455

300 475

305

1960 2300

1850 2980 2050

26.

1

26.6

26.8

20.6

26.0

29.3

30.5 29.0

24.4

30.3

0.89

.87 .89

.84

.86

0. 13 .91

a-f. 77 .63

1. 85

/ 1.63 (101c

t A & B)

1. 04 (66c) +0. 77 (66c)

. 76 (66c)

2. 13 (66c)

400 2230 25.0 28,7 0.87

Plant 129, grade 1 ("Clinker," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5)_ 2505 11180 8.5 14.1 0.57 fNot

Itested

Plant 129, grade 2 ("Commercial hard," 40 percent of kiln, SC, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

1320

935

1130 925

940

5350

4650 4080

4370

5090

19.9

21.6

21.4

20.4 22.0

26.3 26.7

26.6

25.9 27.6

0. 76

.81 .81 .79

.80

0. 23 (B)

.25 (B)

. 12 (B)

.12 (B)

. 00 (B)

1050 4710 21. 1 26.6 0. 79 0. 14 (B)

= These bricks have a high lime content. The gain in weight is due

to hydration and carbonation of the lime.

[35]
Table 13.~ -Properties of bricks produced in Wisconsin—

Continued

Table 13- -Properties of br icks produced in Wisconsin- Continued

speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold S-hr im- boil- mer- ins

sion

Saturation

coefTi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 129, grade 3 ("Select white," 30 percent of kiln, SG, C)

Ib/inJ % % %

1 ___ 510 1830 29.4 34.1 0.86

2_ - 400 1900 29.4 33.6 .88

1 No test

3 255 1600 29.3 33.9 .86

4 365 1740 29.2 33.9 .86 1.27 (B)

5 350 1480 29.2 34.1 .86 1. 93 (B) Avg 375 1710 29.3 33.9 0. 86 1.60 (B)

Plant 129, grade 4 ("Soft or backup," 20 percent of kiln, SO, C)

1 575 2150 26.2 29.2 0. 90 F 12c

2 340 1180 29.9 33.2 .90 F lOo

3 325 1130 33.3 37.7 .88 F 10c

4 260 1600 32.4 35.1 .92 F lOo

5 355 1660 29.1 32.3 .90 F 12c Avg 370 1540 30.2 33.5 0. 90 F 11c

Plant 129, grade ^A ("Second saini>le (1936) of grade 4")

(24-hr)

1 930 3145 24.5 27.7 0. 88 F 38c

2 295 1380 32.3 35.8 .90 F Ic

3 140 1715 32.2 35.3 .91 F Ic

4 305 940 33.2 35.6 .93 F 9c

5 820 3200 22.8 26.8 .85 F 38c

6 650 2120 29.7 33.0 .90 F 9e

7 165 1615 32.2 34.8 .92 F 310

8 355 2280 27.9 31.8 .88 F 8c

9 815 6070 23.1 25.7 .90 F Ic

10 280 1965 33.0 36.6 .90 F 9c

11 530 1615 32. 9 36.7 .90 F 9c

12 475 1390 33.3 36.0 .93 F 3c

13 620 1690 28.7 32.

1

.89 F le

14 590 1565 32.6 35.3 .92 F 16c

15 395 1805 33.1 36.3 .91 F 3c

16 300 1056 35.7 37.8 .94 F 6c

17 430 1545 33. 9 36.3 .93 F 6e Avg 480 2080 30.7 33.7 0. 91 F 11c

Plant 150, grade 1 ("Clinker," 2}i percent of kiln, SM, C)

l..„ 910 3980 5.4 6.9 0.78 0.15

2 940 4190 5.4 8.1 .67 .27

3 1090 4060 4.0 6.7 .60 .27

4 1745 3950 3.7 6.8 .54 .25

5 1245 3870 5.0 7.8 .64 .14 Avg 1185 4010 4.7 7.3 0. 65 0. 22

Plant 150, grade lA ("Second sample of grade 1")

Avg (5)_ 1150 5180 12.7 15.7 0. 81 fNot

Itested

Plant 150, grade 2 ("Commercial hard," 80 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

34

5Avg

830

755 845

760

690

775

2880

2760

2910

2440 2760

2750

22.2

20.5

21.3

20.

1

21.3

21.1

24.6 21.7

23.3

21.5

25.0

2.3.2

0.90

.95

.91 .94

.85

0. 91

0.96

1.68

0. 80

.29 F 30c

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 1.50, grade 3 ("Red commercial hard, "percentage of kiln unknown,

SM, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

IblinJ 995

675

770

770

715

Ib/inJ 4900

4270

3870

4240

3900

%

14.6

17.4 18.2

16.9

18.5

%

16.8

19.3 20.3

18.8 20.6

0.87

.90

.90

.90

.90

%

0. 44

.74

.81 .52

2. 00

785 4240 17.1 19.2 0. 89 0. 99

Plant 150, grade 4 ("Medium," 12H percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

485

510 580

700

3280

2930 3100

3620 2340

20.8

22.4 22.2 22.0

22.4

23.3 24.3

24.8

24.

1

25.0

0. 89

.92

.90

.91 .90

F38c

0. 50 F37c

0.70

.92

570 3060 22.0 24.3 0.90

Plant 150, grade 5 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

290

560

515 465

.545

2680

2900

2560

1820 2400

21.0

21.6

22. 2 23.3 16.7

22.4 23.0

24.8

26.7

18.4

0. 94

.94

.90

.87 .91

F 33c

2. 34 F 27c F 48c F lie

475 2470 2L0 23.1 0.91

Plant 164, grade 1 ("Clinker," 5 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1235 11600 10.9 12.6 0.87 0.57

2 1935 10850 1.8 2.4 .75 .12 3 2580 12050 5.1 6.1 .84 .00 4 2480 9610 2.5 3.4 .74 .00

6 2330 6330 6.2 7.6 .83 .00 Avg 2110 10090 5.3 6.4 0. 81 0. 14

Plant 154, grade 2 ("Hard white," 8 0 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1175 5190 10.2 13.5 0.76 0. 26 2 620 5150 16.4 19.8 .83 .66

3 435 5190 16.2 19.2 .79 .63 4 820 4420 20.2 22.2 .91 .65 6 845 4730 16.6 19.9 .83 .33 Avg 780 4940 16.7 18.9 0. 82 0. 57

Plant 154, grade 3 ("Hard," 80 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 2000 10000 12.4 14.0 0.89 0.00

2 1740 7270 12.7 14.2 .89 . 15

3 1595 6760 19.6 2L5 .91 F 3c

4 905 5730 20.6 22.3 .92 F8c

5 1310 6850 19.9 22.2 .90 F 60 Avg 1610 7320 17.0 18.8 0. 90

Plant 154, grade 4 ("Hard red," 80 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1420 8700 1.7 5.1 0. 33 0. 00

2 1630 6960 4.4 8.3 .63 .11

3 940 4780 11.0 14.9 .74 .78 4 460 2560 17.4 20.3 .86 4. 24

.5 755 3900 13.9 17.9 .78 0. 46 Avg 1020 5380 9.7 13.3 0.65 1. 12

[36]
Table 13.

Properties of bricks produced in Wisconairt—

Oontinued

Table 14.— Properlien oj brickie produced in (Jhicaqo

Disiricl-—Coiitimied

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coelli- eicnt

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 154, grade 5 ("Soft," 5 percent of kiln, SC, G)

1

Ib/in." 270

lb/in.' 2340 %

2L5 %23.

1

0. 93 %F 12c

2. - 1060 4540 19.7 2L2 .91 F 4c

3 255 2870 2L2 22.4 .95 F 9c

4 930 3690 22.3 24.4 .91 F 12c

5 630 3510 20.3 21.5 .94 F 12c Avg 630 3390 21.0 22.5 0.93 F 10c

Plant 204, grade 1 ("Common," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C)

.ivg (6). 1790 6840 12.1 17.7 0.68 (Not

Itested

Table 14.- -Properties of bricks produced in Chicago

District

[All bricks received from the Chicago District wore made from surface clay by the stiff-mud, end-cut process]

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Water absorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Sat- uration

coeffi- cient

Weight loss at 51 cycles or number

of cycles at failure

Results beyond

61 cycles

Plant 73, grade 1 ("Hard burned common," percentage of kiln unknown, EC, C)

Z6/iB.2 % % % %

1 2000 4180 11.7 16.5 0.75 0.89 1.12 (66c) 2 1550 4460 12.0 15.8 .76 1.64 2.01 (66c) 3 1780 3610 13.5 16.8 .80 1. 40 1.51 (66c) 4 2250 4740 10.6 14.0 .76 1.87 2.01 (66c) 5 1220 2560 21.7 24.8 .88 P 420 Avg 1760 3910 13.9 17.4 0.79

Plant 109, grade 1 ("Common," percentage of kiln unknown, EC, 0)

1 690 4100 21.6 23.9 0.90 F 27c

2 630 2450 20.6 26.0 .79 4. 77

3 1295 4220 12.

1

15.7 .77 1.04

4 905 3350 14.6 18.7 .78 1. 03

5 905 2880 17.8 21.6 .82 1.29 6 1110 3770 11.2 16.0 .70 0. 64

7 780 2780 18.9 22.4 .84 1. 69

8 745 3100 15.7 19.7 .80 1. 46

9 1010 2750 15.6 20.2 .77 2. 11 10 1295 2060 6.7 11.0 .61 0.24

11 670 2420 18.1 24.0 .75 2. 34

12 605 3800 7.9 11.6 .68 2. 16

13 750 1890 17.7 23.5 .76 1.40

14 825 2470 11.9 15.5 .77 2.08

15 970 2850 22.2 24.4 .91 F 3c Avg 880 3000 15.5 19.6 0. 77

Speci- men

number

Modulus Coin-

(if priissive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefli- ciont

Weif,'ht

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 1.52, grade 1 ("Kiln run common," 100 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Ib/in:' Ib/inJ % % %

1 __. 2290 4200 8.2 11.5 0.71 2. .53 2___ 2150 2780 13.3 16.8 .84 1.40

3_. 1045 4280 17.3 19.3 .90 F 21c 4 2050 4000 13.7 15.0 .91 2.64

6 2560 4440 10.8 13.2 .82 0. 48

6 2000 3390 14.3 17.5 .82 1..54 7 2310 3760 12.8 15.8 .87 0. 71 8 1335 4650 12.5 14.8 .84 L09

9 1510 3070 14.2 16.9 .84 0. 94

10 1780 3260 14.2 16.9 .84 1. 77

11 2390 4310 11.5 14.4 .80 0.69

12 635 3030 16.7 18.9 .88 8. 56 (B)

13 2350 3410 10.9 13.8 .79 0. 46

14 1480 3480 17.3 20.1 .86 F34c

15 1480 4800 15.4 18.5 .83 0.99 Avg 1825 3790 13.5 16.2 0.84

Plant 162, grade lA ("Second sample (1936) of grade 1")

(24-hr)

1 1620 3140 13.7 17.5 0.79 1.89

2 1620 3640 8.6 12.4 .70 3. 91

3 1630 3600 8.9 12.6 .71 0.74

4 1610 3250 11.8 15.8 .75 1.18

5 1080 3650 11.8 16.0 .74 1.39

6 1170 3200 16.4 20.0 .82 1.71

7 1410 2660 17.1 20.6 .84 F 27c

8 1530 5680 6.2 9.3 .67 0.63

9 870 3160 17.5 20.5 .86 2.94

10 1230 3770 17.6 20.6 .86 9.00

11 1000 3110 14.2 17.8 .80 1.92

12 1270 2700 12.5 16. 3 .77 0. 75

13 660 3050 12.0 15.8 .76 1.43

14 1760 2950 8.6 12.7 .68 0.93

15 1590 2470 11.7 15.7 .74 .90

16 1070 4900 5.6 8.6 .66 .41

17 _ 910 4120 5.8 9.3 .62 .43

18 1840 3680 12.0 15.2 .79 0.93

19 1870 4360 6.6 10.

1

.65 2.34

20 1790 2790 12.8 16.9 .76 1.87 Avg 1370 3500 11.0 15.2 0. 75

Plant 167, grade 1 ("Common kiln run," 85 to 90 percent of kiln, EO, C)

1 745 2150 2L5 23.4 0.92 F 5c

2 955 3220 19.5 22.4 .87 F9o

3 2050 2L3 23.5 .91 F43c

4 855 2720 22.

1

24.

1

.92 F 19c

5 955 3420 17.1 20.

1

.86 1. 10

6 1700 4480 14.9 18.9 .79 0. 62

7 _ 1620 2630 16.7 21.1 .79 .65

8 1715 3110 16.7 19.9 .84 .90

9.. 1665 4680 13.3 17.3 .77 .81

10 1270 2640 13.3 17.2 .77 .45

11 1060 2810 17.5 20.8 .84 .55

12 1750 3790 13.5 17.1 .79 .36

13 1520 2960 16.3 20.0 .82 2. 00

14. 1425 2430 17.4 20.9 .83 0. 93

16 1080 2390 17.6 23.3 .75 4. 52 Avg 1310 3020 17.2 20.7 0.83

\37]
Table 14.

Properties of bricks produced in Chicago

District—Continued

Table 14.

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefli- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 168, grade 1 ("Commercial kiln run,' EC, C)

85 to 90 percent of kiln,

Iblin.i Ih/inJ % % %

1 460 2660 20.2 23. 1 0. 87 ¥ 38c

2 625 2730 16.6 19.6 .85 0. 90

3 1245 2830 11.2 15.4 .73 .43

4 540 3200 21.7 23.9 .91 F 20c

5 1330 4620 16.3 19. 7 .83 F 28c

6 1025 3530 16.2 19.6 .83 1.70

7 1090 4050 16.8 20.3 .83 0.84

8 1175 2800 15.3 19. 1 .80 .77

<) 1440 4560 16.4 19.6 .84 .63

10 1560 3530 17.2 20.5 .84 .44

11 1240 3400 18.7 21.9 .,85 F 41c

12 1550 .3800 17.0 20.6 .83 0. 37

13 2050 3370 14.1 18.

1

.78 .68

14 1645 3770 14.4 18. 1 .80 .60

15. 600 1680 20.9 27.0 .77 4. 62 Avg 1170 3370 16.9 20.4 0. 82

Plant 169, grade 1 ("Common kiln run," 85 to 90 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 1070 3210 22.8 25.9 0. 88 F 24c

2 1030 2960 19.7 23.6 .84 2. 66

3 1400 3320 21.4 24.6 .87 F 27c

4 1400 3530 21.5 24.7 .87 F 23c

5 1080 4060 12.7 17.1 .74 0.29

6 900 3660 17.9 22.0 .81 .15

7_._ 1125 5040 17.1 21.4 .80 .53

8 1165 5210 16.9 20.8 .81 7. 75

9 1220 3110 19.8 23.5 .84 2.56

10 1230 2750 18.3 22.5 .81 0.94

11 1805 3490 15.2 19.6 .78 .33

12 1355 3770 14.3 18.6 .77 .95

13 1820 3600 11.8 15.6 .76 .97

14 1800 3360 12.6 16.6 .76 2. 02

15 370 3060 14.7 19.1 .77 F 48c

.-Vvg 1250 3610 17.

1

2L0 0.81

Plant 171, grade 1 ("Common kiln run. ' 100 percent of kiln, EC, C)

1 = 795 3590 16.0 19.2 0. 83 1.07

2 675 3150 16.2 19.3 .84 F Ic

3 600 3650 22.3 24.0 .93 F Ic 4 470 3850 20.1 22.7 .89 F 21c

5 610 4900 18.8 22.3 .84 1.03

6 1400 4050 U.2 14.8 .76 1. 46

7 1755 4740 14.1 17.4 .81 0. 76

8 1640 3800 14.6 18.1 .81 1.05

9 2000 4420 14.3 17.6 .81 1.27

10 425 4130 23.

1

24.2 .95 F Ic

11 1135 3150 18.6 20.7 .90 4. 00

12 765 3170 20.3 22.7 .89 F 33c

13 1265 3320 18.8 21.7 .87 2. 96

14 520 3500 21.1 23.

1

.91 3. 45

15 570 3020 20.8 22.9 .91 8. 90 Avg 975 3760 18.0 20.7 0. 86

Plant 178, grade 1 ("Common kiln run." 90 percent ofkiln, EC, C)

1 1200 3960 16.

1

17.8 1). 90 0. 69 (B)

2 1265 3340 8.5 12.0 . 71 1.61 (B)

3 1810 4090 10. 1 15.4 .66 0. 53 (B)

4 2070 4760 9.0 12.0 .75 . 48 (B)

5 1685 4420 9.0 12.5 .72 .30 (B)

6 1765 3860 9.7 13.5 .72 .54 (B)

7 1890 4910 9.5 12.5 .76 .36 (B)

8 2140 2900 9.6 13.8 .70 .21 (B)

9 1620 5630 8.3 11.6 .72 . 55 (B)

10 1940 4110 11.5 15.2 .76 .97 (B)

11 1820 4220 10. 2 13.4 .76 .21 (B)

12_._.... 2060 3930 9.6 13.7 .69 .42 (B)

13 1760 3280 10. 2 13.8 .74 .36 (B)

14.-_---- 1715 3580 8.7 12.3 . 71 .41 (B)

15------- 1750 4900 9.0 12.4 .73 1. 19 (B)

.Vvg 1765 4130 9.9 13. 5 0. 74 0. .59 (B)

» The manufacturer classifies this sample as follows: Specimens lto3

arch, 4 to 6—second bench, 7 to 9—third bench, 10 to 12—fourth bench, and 13 to 15—top.

-Properties of bricks produced in Chicago

District—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 196, grade 1 ("Common kiln run," 95 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Ib/inJ % % %

1 1050 3310 9.0 15.0 0. 60 0. 48 (B)

2 1220 1795 10.6 16.4 .65 .32 (B)

3 900 2960 13.7 18.9 .72 . 74 (B)

4 1135 3080 13.6 19.0 .72 . 54 (B)

1125 2440 7.0 13.5 .52 1.86 (B)

6 930 3000 11.5 17.2 .67 0. 52 (B)

7 1360 2240 10.5 16.8 .62 . 73 (B)

8 1170 3070 8.6 15.1 .57 2. 15 (B)

9 245 2790 9.5 15.3 .62 0. 32 (B) 10- . . _ 760 2340 14.9 20.2 .74 . 53 (B)

11 _ 1040 2530 9.3 15.5 .60 .37 (B)

12- 1305 2360 7.6 12.8 .59 .35 (B)

13- 1135 2720 10.7 16.3 .66 .34 (B)

14 1285 2200 15.4 20.5 .75 . 64 (B) Avg 1045 2630 10.8 16.6 0.64 0. 66 (B)

Plant 199, gra ie 1 ("Common kiln run " 95 percent of kiln, EC, 0)

1 720 3170 19.8 25.0 0. 79 0. 72 (B)

2 535 2950 19.2 24.6 .78 1.45 (B)

3 605 3080 21.2 26.0 .82 2. 04 (B)

4 570 3190 19.1 24.2 .80 0. 55 (B)

5 690 3140 16.4 22.6 .73 .51 (B)

6 895 3650 17.3 23.3 .74 . 59 (B)

7 860 4020 18.0 23.3 .77 . 66 (B) Avg 695 3310 18.7 24.1 0.78 0. 92 (B)

Plant 199, grade 2 ("Kiln run," percentage of kiln unknown, EC, C)

1 365 2310 24.

1

27.0 0.89 1.11 (B)

2 515 2680 20.5 25.8 .79 0. 68 (B)

3 355 2130 23.9 27.3 .88 1. 43 (B)

4 385 2600 22.5 27.0 .83 1. 56 (B)

5 390 2250 22.6 26.6 .85 1. 08 (B)

6 465 2480 21.1 25. 2 .84 1.05 (B)

7 385 2350 22.4 26.5 .85 1.32 (B) Avg 410 2400 22.4 26.5 0. 85 1. 18 (B)

Table 15.Properties of bricks produced in Indiana,

Illinois {except Chicago) , and Missouri

[The bricks represented by the samples were made from clay or shale. The principal methods of forming were the stiff-mud, side-cut and

the dry-press processes. One plant reported the use of the soft-mud

process on a mixture of clay and shale]

Water ab- Mod- Compres- sive strength

sorption Saturation

coefFi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture48-hr cold im5-hr

boilResults beyond

51 cycles mer- ing

sion

Plant 51, grade 1 ("Red face," 35 percent of kiln, DP, C)

lb/in J IblinJ % % %

1 650 8420 12.6 13.9 0.91 0. 35 (B)

2 735 8210 13.4 15.1 .89 . 22 (B)

3 705 10050 11.6 13.0 .89 .18 (B)

4 695 9030 12.7 14.3 .89 .11 (B)

5 600 8140 12.9 14.9 .87 .30 (B)

6 520 7620 12.5 13.9 .90 . 19 (B)

7 600 11900 11.6 12.9 .90 .17 (B) Avg 645 9140 12.5 14.0 0.89 0. 22 (B)

[38]
Table 15.

Properties of bricks produced in Indiana,

Illinois {except Chicago), and Missouri—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Wat

sorr

48-hr cold im- mersion

;r abtion

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 61, grade 2 ("Hard backing," 25 percent of kiln, DP, C)

12

3

4

56

7Avg

Ibjini 740

500 820

825

730 630

790

lb/in.' 8180 8750

16000 8690

9420 8390

8830

%

7.9 9.6

9.

1

9.8

9.9

13.3

11.3

%

9.8

11.3 10.6

11.4

12.1

14.8 12.6

0. 81 .86

.86

.86 .82

.90

.90

%

0. 19 .24

.60

.57

.27 .60

3. 03 (B)

705 9590 10.

1

11.8 0.86 0.77 (A & B)

Plant 51, grade 3 ("Salmon," 40 percent of kiln, DP, C)

12_34

5

6___ Avg

195

230

215 215

465

136

2900

3660 4120

3300

6500

2640

20.6

17.5 17.0

18.4 16.8

18.8

22.

1

18.8

18. 3 19.3

17.1 19.7

0.93

.93

.93

.96

.92

.96

F 42c F 61c

0. 36 1.60

0. 54 F 15c

F 60c F 60c F 60c

240 3840 18.0 19. 2 0.94

Plant 77, grade 1 ("Hard," 70 percent of kiln, SO, S)

Avg (5). 1625 10560 6.3 7.9 0.80 Not tested

Plant 77, grade 2 ("100 percent kiln run," SO, S)

12

34

5 -. Avg

1800

1450

1840

1680 1600

10900 7350

11900

10000 9720

8.0

9.3

6.6

5.9 9.9

9.8

11.

1

8.1

7.3

11.4

0. 82

.84

.80

.81 .87

0.09 (B)

. 26 (B)

. 20 (B)

.00 (B)

.30 (B)

1655 9970 7.9 9.5 0. 83 0.17 (B)

Plant 81, grade 1 ("Hard," 25 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

34

56_._ Avg

1176

1535 845

1700 860

1670

13350 12800

16960 15600

7690 11700

6.5

6.7 3.7

5.2

8.5

7.0

8.8 8.7

6.7 7.7

11.0 9.6

0.74

.77 .65

.68 .77

.73

0. 37 .10 .16

.09

.08

.00

1295 13020 0.3 8.6 0. 72 0. 13

Plant 81, grade 2 ("Medium," 60 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

3

4

5 _.. 6Avg

1060

1190

1270

1130

1005

1080

7630

7090

7100 6790

0840

7300

12.5

11.4 11.9

12.3

12. 1 12.2

14.4

13.7

14.3

14. 5 14.6 14.0

0. 87

.86

.83 .85

.83

.87

0.30

.18 .19

.09

.19 .36

1120 7120 12.

1

14.2 0. 85 0. 22

Plant 81, grade 3 ("Salmon," 16 percent of kiln, SC, S)

123—

4

66Avg

1020 875

1020

1080 966

830

6390

6280

5980 6180

6630

6160

16.

1

14.0

14.9 14.9

14. 14.4

17.1 16.5

17.1 16.9

16.1 16.8

0.88

.85 .87

.88

.88 .86

0. 50 .25

1. 17

1. 99 0.59

.60

%

0. 60 (63c)

1. 10 (63c)

1. 44 (63c)

2. 19 (63c)

(lost)

0. 84 (63c)

965 6270 14.6 16.8 0. 87 0. 86 1. 28 (63c)

Table 1 5. —Properties of bricks produced in Indiana,

Illinois {except Chicago), and Missouri—Continued

ModWater absorption

Saturation

coeiri- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 83, grade 1 ("Straight hard common," 80 percent of kiln, 80, S)

Avg (5)

.

IhlinJ 2230

lb/in.' 17240 %

1.6 %

3.2 0.47 %Not tested

Plant 104, grade 1 ("Hard common," 15 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (6). 2160 21620-1- 0. 63 2.5 0. 24 Not tested

Plant 104, grade 2 ("Medium common," 80 percent of kiln, SO, S)

Avg (6). 1660 18860-f 4.1 5.7 0.70 Not tested

Plant 104, grade 3 ("Backup common," 5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

l._. 2

3

4

56Avg

1366 960

960

800

905

820

12260

11880

11480

12800

12670 11090

9.6

9.7 9.8

10.5

11.6 12.4

11.6

11.1 11.6

12.3 14.0

13.9

0. 83

.87

.84

.85

.83

.89

0. 10 .19 .62

.18 .28

2.67

970 12030 10.6 12.4 0. 85 0.66

Plant 117, grade 1 ("No. 1 Common," 70 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

Avg (6). 1776 11710 6.2 8.4 0.68 Not tested

Plant 117, grade 2 ("No. 2 Common," 30 percent of kiln, SC, 0 and S)

12

3 ^- 4

5Avg

1196

1400 1426 870

955

7760 8110

6570

4940 4790

12.4

11.9 13.6

16.9 15.2

15.0 13.6

16.3 17.9

17.1

0. 83 .87

.89

.89 .89

0. 10

. 11 .24 F26c

0.60

1170 6430 13.8 16.8 0.87

Plant 124, grade 1 ("Hard," 45 percent of kiln, SO, S)

Avg (5). 1560 10300 4.8 6.4 0.76 Not tested

Plant 124, grade 2 ("Medium," 47 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg(5)- 1360 7470 8.7 10.8 0.81 Not tested

Plant 124, grade 3 ("Salmon," 8 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

3

45Avg

1340 1270 610

1410 836

1095

4110

4660

3400

4960

3730

12.5 U. 7

16.

1

11.7

15.5

13.9

13.

1

17.6 13.2

17.2

0. 90 .89

.91 .89

.90

0.29

.43 F 18c

.37 1.03

%

0. 29 (54c)

. 43 ( 54c)

. 37 (64c)

1. 26 (64c)

4160 13.5 15.0 0.90

Plant 126, grade 1 ("Hard," 50 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 2400 17430 1.8 3.4 0.47 Not tested

Plant 125, grade 2 ("Medium," 49 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (6)_ 1366 10250 9.3 U. 1 0. 84 Not tested

[39]
Table 15.

Properties of bricks produced in Indiana,

Illinois (except Chicago), and Missouri—Continued

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 125, grade 3 ("Salmon," 1 percent of kiln, SC, C)

12

34

5Avg

Ib/inJ 1155 1230

1210

1170 1190

Ib/inJ 7140

7470

6590 6950

8750

%

12.8

13.5 13.4

13.6

11.7

%

15.0 15.7

15.3

15.5 13.5

0.85 .86

.88

.88

.87

%

0.26

.18

.30 .36

.35

%

0. 53 (57o)

. 45 (57c)

. 40 (57c)

. 55 (57c)

. 35 (57c)

1190 7380 1.3.0 15.0 0. 87 0. 29 0. 46 (57c)

Plant 126, grade 1 ("Hard," 99.5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (9). 1845 11360 .5.4 8.6 0. 62 Not tested

Plant 126, grade 2 ("Hollow," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1205 12460 3.9 7.0 0.55 Not tested

Plant 126, grade 3 ("Salmon," 0.5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

123

4

5Avg

1170

1055 990

1170 975

7920 6620

6900

6970

6100

10.8

13.7 12.5

12.3

14.1

12.8

15.8

14.9

14.9 16.3

0. 84

.87 .84

.87

.86

0. 32

.50

.25

.53

5. 56

0. 32 (57c)

. 50 (57c)

. 25 (57c)

. 53 (57c)

5. 64 (57c)

1070 6900 12.7 14.9 0. 85 1.43 1. 45 (57c)

Plant 132, grade 1 ("Face," 85 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (6). 3030 13730 0.4 2.2 0. 17 Not tested

Plant 1.33, grade 1 ("Face," 75 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2260 23700 1.9 4.5 0. 42 0.07 (B)

2 2200 23500+ 1. 5 4.6 .33 .07 (B)

3 2260 23500+ 2.2 4.4 .50 .15 (B)

4 2330 22700 1.6 4.

1

.37 .07 (B)

5 . 2710

2880

18500 3.7 5.8 .64 . 34 (B)

6 18700 3.9 6.2 .63 Not tested Avg 2440 21770+ 2.4 4.9 0. 48 0. 14 (B)

Plant 134, grade 1 ("Face," 70 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 1315 14500 2.

1

7.4 0.28 0. 11 (B)

2 1455 12000 3. 5 8.8 .40 . 28 (B)

3 1370 12100 6.

1

11.7 .52 . 19 (B)

4 1590 15450 5.4 10.8 .50 .36 (B)

5 1590 14000 4.9 9.7 .51 . 10 (B)

6 1475 12900+ 4.6 10.2 .45 .93 (B)

Avg 1465 13490+ 4.4 9.8 0.44 0. 33 (B)

Plant 142, grade 1 ("Hard commons. ' 76 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1795 16500 3.0 4.6 0. 66 Not tested

[

Table 1.5.

Properties of bricks produced in Indiana,

Illinois {except Chicago), and Missouri—Continued

Speci- men num ber

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Wate

sorp

48-hr cold im- mersion

r abtion

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 142, grade 2 ("Medium common," 12.5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12 _.. 3

4

5Avg

1605

1710

1705 1645

1470

Ib/in.^ 9570

10250 9630

11050 11020

%

10.0 8,7

8.9 8.5 9.6

%

U. 3 10.5

10.3 10.1

11.3

0.89

.83

.86 .84

.86

%

0.17 (B)

. 18 (B)

. 19 (B)

. 24 (B)

.34 (B)

1625 10300 9.1 10.7 0. 86 0.22 (B)

Plant 142, grade 3 ("Salmon," 12.6 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

34

5Avg

770

1065 930

1060

685

4390 4880

5890

5590 3420

16.4 14.2

15.2

15. 6 17.9

18.5 16.0

17.4

17.8

19.8

0.89

.89 .88

.88

.90

F 18c F 18c F 20c F 10c F 15c

900 4830 15.9 17.9 0.89 F 16c

Plant 212, grade 1 ("Dark flash," 5 percent of kiln, DP, C)

Avg (5)_ 1540 14260 7.7 10.4 0. 74 Not tested

Plant 212, grade 2 ("Hard," 20 percent of kiln, DP, C)

Avg (5)_ 670 11060 8.5 10.6 0.80 Not tested

Plant 212, grade 3 ("Common," 30 percent ot kiln, DP, C)

Avg (5)_ 705 10750 9.5 12.2 0.74 Not tested

Plant 212, grade 4 ("Light," 10 percent of kiln, DP, C)

12

3.. 4

Avg

365 315

525 570

495

7850

4220

9300

7100 6800

12.8

14.7

13.9 14.2

13.3

15. 3 16.7

16.6

16.9

16. 2

0. 84

.88 .84

.84 .82

0.00 (B)

3.35 (B)

0.09 (B)

.09 (B) F ,39c (B)

455 7060 13.8 16.3 0. 84

Plant 212, grade 5 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, DP, C)

12

34

5Avg ..

145

175 305

265

6480

4470

2400

4700

4790

17.0 16.2 2L9

17.2

17.3

19.1

18.8 24.5 20.4

19.4

0. 89

.86 .89

.84

.89

F 29c (B) F 45c (B) F 42c (B) F 47c (B) F 470 (B)

220 4570 17.9 20.4 0.87 F 42c (B)

Plant 213, grade 1 ("Common," 97 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

Avg(13). 1795 11740+ 6.5 8.7 0.69 Not tested

Plant 213, grade 2 ("Salmon," 3 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

12Avg

830

1000 60305870

15.7

15. 2 17.517. 0

0. 90

.89 0.31 (B).36 (B)

915 5950 15.4 17.2 0. 90 0. 34 (B)

]
Table 16.- 'Pi-oferties of bricks produced in Nebraska,

Iowa, Kansas, and Minnesota

Table 16.

Properties of bricks produced in Nebraska,

Iowa, Kansas, and Minnesota—Continued

[All samples received with the (>xci'|il.i(iii of those from plant 183 (soft- mud) wore formed by the still'-imi<l, .'^iile-cut process. Both clay and

shale are re|)resented. Two types ot shale occur in this district. What

might be called typical shale is represented by the specimens from plant

J 7. These bricks correspond in properties to those reported for shale

bricks in tables 5, 9, 10, 11, and 15. A hard-burned shale brick, characterized by water absorption by 5-hr boiling exceeding 12 percent, is also produced" in this district. The data on the specimens from plant 227

illustrate the properties of bricks made from this type of .shalel

Speci- men

number

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coelli- cient

Weight

loss at .51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 17, grade 8 ("Salmon (cored)," 6 percent of kiln, SO, S) Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 17, grade 1 ("Special," 75 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Ib/inJ Ib/inJ % % %

1 3480 21350 0.4 0.8 0. 60 0.08 (B)

2 2660 21020 .4 1.3 .31 . 17 (B)

3_. - 2760 16800 .4 1.2 .33 .15 (B)

4. -_ 1705 20550 .4 1.2 .33 .16 (B)

5 1105 18850 .3 1.0 .30 .39 (B) Avg 2355 19710 0.4 1.1 0.35 0. 19 (B)

lb/in.

i

lb/in.

2

% % %

1 745 5420 15.0 16.9 0.89 P33c

2 630 4270 16.1 17.5 .92 F9c

3 420 4200 16.3 17.8 .92 F8c

4 645 4470 16.1 17.6 .91 F9c

5 .515 4140 16.7 18.2 .92 F9c

Avg 590 4500 16.0 17.6 0.91 F 14c

Plant 183, grade 1 ("Clinker," 5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)_ 885 6970 9.2 15.6 0.57 Not tested

Plant 183, grade 2 ("Hard red," 80 percent of kiln, SM,C)

Plant 17, grade 2 ("Dark commons (cored)," 60 percent of kiln, SC, S) 1 .. 2 460 400

485

330

290

2340

1170 2300

1310

1056

16. 5 16.0

14.8

16.8 16.5

22.

1

23.1

22. 23.2

23.2

0.70

.69

.67

.72

.71

0. 45 (B)

. 52 (B)

.34 (B)

. 65 (B)

1.11 (B) Avg (5). 1660 16530 2.2 3.8 0.57 Not tested

34

6 Plant 1 7, grade 3 ("Dark commons (soli(i),"50percent of kilt ,SC,S) Avg 390 1640 16.9 22.7 0.70 0. 61 (B)

12

34

5Avg2480

2490

2260

2210 2380

2365

18150

18900

17200

15500

181.50

17580

1.3

1.8 1.6

1.3 1.4

1.5

2.7 3.2

2.8 2.6

2.7

2.8

0.48 .56

.57

.50

.52

0. 63

0. 18 (B)

. 18 (B)

.24 (B)

. 00 (-B) .00 (B)

0. 12 (B)

Plant 183, grade 3 ("Salmon," 15 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Plant 17, grade 4 ("Medium commons (cored)," 35 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1550 13750 7.8 9.2 0. 85 0. 10 (B)

2 1400 13200 7.5 8.9 .74 .28 (B)

3 1380 11700 7.6 9.4 .80 .09 (B)

i 1245 10400 7.4 9.3 .80 . 19 (B)

5 1345 13660 6.6 8.6 .78 .00 (B) Avg 1385 12540 7.4 9.1 0. 79 0. 13 (B)

Plant 17, grade 5 ("Medium commons (solid)," 35 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1725 14600 6.8 8.4 0.81 0. 00 (B)

2 2100 15600 6.1 7.7 .79 .00 (B)

3 1885 14150 7.8 9.6 .81 . 00 (B)

4 1530 8500 10.4 12.0 .87 .15 (B)

5 1306 10100 8.9 10.8 .82 . 09 (B) Ave 1710 12690 8.0 9.7 0. 82 0. 06 (B)

Plant 17, grade 6 ("Light commons (cored)," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 945 6070 13.0 16.0 0.87 0. 00 (B)

2 1060 7350 11.9 13.8 .86 . 09 (B)

3 915 6790 12.6 14. 5 .87 . 00 (B)

4 826 7300 11.7 13.6 .86 .10 (B)

6 870 8400 11.0 13.0 .85 . 20 (B) Avg 925 7180 12.0 14.0 0.86 0. 08 (B)

Plant 17, grade 7 ("Light commons (solid)," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1165 6500 13.

1

15.2 0.86 0.41 (B)

2 1270 6180 13.0 14.7 .88 . 25 (B)

3 1140 6180 14.0 16.7 .89 . 50 (B)

4___..... 1066 6510 13.4 15.5 .86 .42 (B)

5 1175 7180 12.8 14.8 .86 . 24 (B) Avg 1160 6510 13.3 15.2 0. 87 0. 36 (B)

12

3

4

6Avg

255 235 260

260

370

1010 940

1050 1090

1020

16.3

17.1

17.9 17.8

17.0

22.9 23.4

23.9

23.7 24.0

0. 71 .73

.75

.75

.71

1.19 (B)

1.02 (B)

1. 08 (B)

1. 05 (B)

1.31 (B)

275 1020 17.2 23.6 0. 73 1.13 (B)

Plant 218, grade 1 ("Clinker," 2 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

Avg (5). 1470 8690 4.1 7.6 0.63 Not tested

Plant 218, grade 2 ("Textured Face," 16 percent of kiln, SC, C and S)

Avg (5)- 1310 10290 7.4 9.9 0.74 Not tested

Plant 218, grade 3 ("Common hard," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C

and S)

Avg (5). 1060 8190 8.3 n.6 0. 71 Not tested

Plant 218, grade 4 ("No. 1 Common hard," 82 percent of kiln, SC, C

and S)

1 1510 10050 7.8 10.8 0. 72 0.29

2 675 5860 13.0 15.5 .84 .32 1 3._ 670 5930 13.3 16.1 .83 .33

4 1360 9650 7.

1

10.2 .69 .09

5 1496 9470 7.4 10.6 .70 .09 Avg 1140 8190 9.7 12.6 0.76 0. 22

Plant 219, grade 1 ("Textured face," 65 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1160 12400 6.1 7.8 0. 66 Not tested

[41]
Table 16.

Prope?-ties of bricks produced in Nebraska,

Iowa, Kansas, and Minnesota—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 219, grade 2 ("No. 1 Hard common," 35 percent of kiln, SC, S)

IblinJ Ib/inJ % % %

1 1580 13150 6.4 8.3 0.77 0. 18 2 1760 17200 5.3 7.1 .75 .09

3 1655 15100 6.6 8.0 .83 .19

4 1720 16100 6.6 8.3 .78 .09

5 1685 14800 6.7 8.6 .79 .09 Avg 1680 15270 6.3 8.0 0. 78 0. 13

Plant 220, grade 1 ("Semiclinker." 5 to 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1565 13620 .5.0 7.3 0.68 Not tested

Plant 220, grade 2 ("Hard," 85 to 90 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1325 10180 6.9 9.5 0. 73 Not tested

Plant 220, grade 3 ("Soft," 0 to 6 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1145 7570 9.0 11.7 0. 77 0.81

2 970 7090 9.2 11. 2 .82 . 16

3 930 6480 9.7 12.3 .79 .17

4 1080 6760 9.6 11.8 .81 . 15

5 960 6400 9.6 11. 5 .83 .15 Avg 1015 6860 9.4 11.7 0. 80 0. 29

Plant 221, grade 1 ("No. 1 common," 75 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 625 5020 14. 4 18. 0 0. SO 0. 60

2 820 6810 11.7 15. 4 . 76 .28

3 1020 7350 9.6 13. 7 .70 .40

4 675 7320 10.9 15.0 .73 .62

5 1015 7680 10.7 14.9 . 72 .28 Avg 830 0840 11. 5 15.4 0.74 0. 44

Plant 221, grade 2 ("No. 2 common, ' 20 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 450 4320 15. 0 18.8 0. 80 0. 69

2 445 4430 14.5 18.9 .77 .80

3 470 4430 14. 2 18.3 .78 1. 12

4 470 4040 14.8 18.8 .79 1.59

5 460 4250 15.

1

19.0 .80 0.98 Avg 466 4290 14.7 18.8 0. 79 1. 02

Plant 226, grade 1 ("Dark to light," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown,

SC, S (deaired))

(24-hr)

1 500 9830 6.1 ^8.9 » 0.69 (') 2 595 12920 5.9 9.3 . 64 (1) 3 630 13040 2.

1

3.4 .62 ()

4 635 9370 2.2 3.4 .64 (') 5 570 10950 5.2 9.7 ..54 (0

6 710 11100 10.0 12.2 .82 (') 7 1045 11600 6.9 8.2 .85 (') 8 495 10780 4.3 9.7 .44 ()

9 1195 13280 0.4 2.3 . 16 (') 10 715 13070 5.5 9. 1 .00 0) 11- 1660 13280 0.4 4.0 . 10 (') 12 600 9420 4.7 13.4 .36 (') 13 835 12300 4.7 10.9 .44 (') 14. _ 735 12180 6.3 9.6 .66 (') 15 1740 10220 0.3 1.3 .24 (') 16 710 12080 1.5 4.4 .34 (') 17 925 10450 10. 1 12.5 .81 (') 18 765 15350 0.0 5.8 . 11 (') 19 1050 12730 5.2 5.7 .92 (') 20 1460 18650 0.2 0.5 .40 f) Avg 875 12155 4.

1

7.2 0. 52

1 No disintegration.

» These deaired bricks have anomalous absorption and are difficult to dry to constant weight, therefore the absorption and saturation coeffi- cient are uncertain and the eft'ect of freezing and thawing was estimated

visually instead of by loss in weight A comparable sample exposed to natural weather showed disintegration in 10 percent of the specimens

after 2 years.

Table 16.Properties of bricks produced in Nebraska,

Iowa, Kansas, and Minnesota—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr

cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

61 cycles

Plant 227, grade 1 ("Mingled face," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown,

SC, S)

(24-hr)

lb/in 2 lb/in.

/o /o Of

/c I 620 3800 15 0 17.

9

0 84 ^ 0 34 2 345 4550 10 1 14 7 68

3 555 4090 14. 6 18. 7 78 1 22

4 650 5600 10 4 16 4 63 47

5 700 4070 14 6 19 5 . to Qi . CSI g 550 3970 11.

0

15 9 70 55

y 645 3600 12 6 17 0 74 54

g 625 4600 12. 6 22 8 56 12

9 605 4300 13 1 16 7 79 . uu

10 895 5650 7 6 13 9 54 10

11 840 8100 6!2 13^9 '.a +'. 23

12 605 4840 9.9 21.1 .47 .00

13 550 4410 13.7 22. 6 . 61 .48

14 955 6730 7. 3 15. 7 .46 . 32

15 485 6640 7.3 11.8 .62 . 13 16 705 4620 12.

1

16.0 . 76 .85

17 295 4270 9.5 13.7 .70 .81 18 810 4720 12. 1 15. 7 .77 .62

19 575 6050 8.7 13.3 .66 .41 20 585 9820 3.

1

7.9 .40 . 10

21 690 3100 13.4 15.9 .84 .23 22 586 5970 9.2 14.4 .64 +. 10 23 630 4460 13.6 17.9 .76 .00

24 830 4680 9.6 19.5 .50 . 25 25 610 3880 15.5 19.9 .78 .73 26 685 4250 9.4 14. 3 . 66 .47 27 710 3500 11.7 16. 6 .71 .65

28 765 4640 12. 7 22. 2 .58 -f. 24

29 725 4560 13.4 17.0 .79 .00

30_ 690 5550 8.4 14.5 .68 .21

31 825 6380 8.3 16.6 .50 +. 23

32 606 4850 10. 5 21.4 .49 . 12 33 565 3800 14.3 22.4 .64 .72

34 825 6370 8.9 19.0 .46 +. 36

35 585 6450 6.3 11.2 .56 .10 Avg- ... 656 5065 10.8 16.8 0.64

Plant 229, grade 1 ("Common," (1940) percentage of kiln unknovin, SC, S)

(24- hr)

1 740 4100 21.7 27.6 0.79 0.25

2 625 4640 22.0 26.3 .87 .43 Avg 660 4370 21.8 26.4 0. 83 0.34

Plant 229, grade 2 ("Common," (1940) percentage of kiln unknown,

SC, S)

(24-hr)

1 440 8010 15.6 20.3 0. 66 !• -f0. 10 2 635 4480 18.3 23. 3 .78 -1-.16 3 890 fiOOO 17.0 21. 2 .80 -.34

4 990 4570 17.5 22. 5 .78 +. 19

5 1220 4210 17.0 23.0 . 74 -f-. 16 Avg 835 5450 17.

1

22. 1 0. 77

Plant 230, grade 1 ("Commons," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

1 535 2920 26.3 31. 7 0. 83 F 5c

2 400 1850 27. 1 32.9 .82 1.0

3 445 2245 26.3 32. 5 .81 1.

1

4 1030 4210 20.9 27.6 .76 0.6

5 690 2380 26.0 3L0 .81 1.0 Avg 520 2720 25.

1

31.

1

0. 81

Plant 230, grade 2 ("Commons," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, S)

1 810 4600 18.4 22.

1

0.S3 F 3c

2 660 2790 25.8 29.3 .88 F 27c

3 505 3250 24.2 28.7 .84

4 505 3100 26.8 29.

1

.88 F 220

5 985 3700 21.9 25.8 .85 F ISc Avg 675 3490 23. 2 27.0 0. 86

k These bricks contain considerable lime. The gain in weight in some

specimens is due to hydration or carbonation of this lime.

[42]
Table 17.

Properties of bricks produced in Utah and

Wyoming

[The samples received included bricks made from shale, surface clay, and fire clay and all methods of forming were represented except the soft-mud process. A more complete picture of brick production in Utah is given in the report by Beckstrand and French [8]].

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefRcient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 78, grade 1 ("Arch," 10 percent of kiln, DP, C and S)

lb/in.' % % %

AV!j (5)_ 980 10090 4.8 7.6 0.63 Not tested

Plant 78, grade 2 ("Dark common," 30 percent of kiln, DP, C and S)

1 605 5700 9.3 12.4 0.75 0.52

2 560 5930 9.2 12, 1 .76 .38

3^.. 725 6200 8.6 12.

1

.71 .35

4 630 5930 9.5 12.5 .76 .50

5 595 7240 8.6 11.8 .73 .32

Avg_..._ 620 6200 9.0 12.2 0.74 0.41

Plant 78, grade 3 ("Dark Selects," 30 percent of kiln, DP, C and S)

1 540 5470 10.1 13.5 0.75 1.06

2 435 5510 10.9 13.9 .78 .89

3 485 5040 11.7 14.7 .80 .86

4 480 4980 9.5 12.4 .77 .57

5 505 5530 10.1 12.9 .78 .68 Avg 490 5310 10.5 13.5 0.77 0.82

Plant 78, grade 4 ("Picked reds," 25 percent of kiln, DP, C and S)

1 270 4420 12.4 15.8 0.79

2 325 4250 11.2 13.5 .83 1 No test

3 445 5390 12. 2 1.5.0 .81 0. 66 (B)

4 300 3680 11.9 14.8 .80 .85 (B)

5- - 605 4240 11.0 12.9 .85 . 58 (B) Avg 370 4400 11.7 14.4 0.82 0. 70 (B)

Plant 78, gi•ade 5 ("Salmon," 5 percent of ki'ln, DP, C and S)

1 305 6250 12.1 13.8 0.88 F 45c

2 270 5300 14.5 17.5 .83 F 48c

3 285 5490 13.7 15.4 .89 F 48c

4 325 5700 15.2 17.8 .85 2. 74 F63c

5 305 5620 13.9 16.9 .82 F 42c Avg 300 5670 13.9 16.3 0.85

Plant 78, grade 6 ("Red sand," percentage of kiln unknown, DP, C

and S) %

J 335 5380 9.6 12.3 0.78 0.64 0. 64 f63c) 2 315 4400 10.4 13.9 .75 1. 19 1- 29 (63c) 3 225 4740 10.0 12.9 .78 0.60 1. 09 ( 63c) 4 370 5260 10.7 14.2 .75 .47 0. 59 (63c) 5 340 5870 9.8 13.8 .71 .36 . 3fi (63c) Avg 315 5130 10.1 13.4 0. 75 0. 65 0. 79 f63c)

Plant 78, grade 7 ("Light commons from stock," percentage of kiln un- known, DP, C and S)

1 125 3920 11.2 14.1 0.80 0. 68 (B)

2 150 4750 9.1 11.4 .80 .36 (B)

3 185 4510 9.9 11.7 .85 .63 (B)

4 95 3240 12.4 15.5 .80 .77(B)

5 3160 13.7 16.8 .82 .98 (B) Avg 140 3920 11.3 13.9 0.81 0. 68 (B)

Table 17.

Properties of bricks produced in Utah and

Wyoming—Continued

Speci- men

number

Water ab- sorption Modulus Comof pressive 48-hr rup- strength cold 5-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

less at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 78, grade 8 ("Light sand," percentage of kiln unknown, DP C

and S)

Z6/m.2 Z6/i«.2 % % % % 1 285 3290 13.9 16.7 0.83 2. 90 3. 00 (63c) 2 225 4350 13.3 15.5 .86 1.24 1. 59 (63c) 3 145 3370 13.3 16.2 .82 F 39c

4 145 2790 14.3 17.2 .83 F39c

5 135 2900 12.6 14.3 .88 1.34 1. 61 (63c) Avg 185 3340 13.5 !6.0 0.84

Plant 78, grade 9 ("Dark common," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C and S)

Avg (5). 1140 10690 3.2 7.6 0.42 Not tested

Plant 78, grade 10 ("Textiu-ed Dark," percentage of kiln imknown, SC, C and S)

Avg (5). 905 8470 3.2 7.7 0.42 Not tested

Plant 78, grade 11 ("Rough texture," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C and S)

Avg (5). 975 8340 6.7 10.7 0.62 Not tested

Plant 78, grade 12 ("Hollow," percentage of kiln unknown, EC, C)

Avg (5). 835 1790 10.9 15.8 0.69 Not tested

Plant 182, grade 1 ("Common," 80 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 465 3760 22.8 25.9 0.88 F 12c 2 465 4220 26.8 29.5 .91 F 14c 3 945 4720 21.4 23.8 .90 F 15c 4 445 3260 26.6 28.2 .94 F 18c

5 735 5390 20.2 22. 7 .89 F 21c Avg 610 4270 23.6 26.0 0. 90 F 16c

Plant 182, grade 2 ("Common," 85 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 780 4170 25.4 27.8 0. 91 F 2c

2 670 2770 27.2 30.0 .91 F6c

3 1145 4610 25.4 27.6 .92 F 8c

4 700 3780 20.2 28.7 .91 F4c

5 1020 5340 24.6 27.4 .90 F 9c Avg 866 4130 25.8 28.3 0. 91 F6c

Plant 182, grade 3 ("Textured face," 93 percent of kiln, SC, FC)

Avg (5). 1380 9840 5.9 8.3 0. 71 Not tested

Plant 182, grade 4 ("Vitrified," 96 percent of kiln, SC, FC and S)

1 2130 11700 3.7 6.0 0.62 0. 15 2 2060 10200 4.9 7.6 .64 .28

3 2220 9230 3.4 5.7 .60 .08

4 2310 10180 4.8 7.7 .62 .40

5 2290 13070 3.5 5.8 .60 .23 Avg 2200 10880 4.

1

6.6 0. 62 0. 23

[43]
Table 18.

Properties of bricks produced in Colorado

[The samples received represented bricks made from shale or from clay and formed by the stift-mud, side-cut or the drj'-press process]

Table 18.Properties of bricks produced in Colorado—Continued

Water ab- sorption ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive 48-hr number rup- strength cold 5-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 66, grade 1 ("Kiln run common," 100 percent of kiln, less salmons, DP, S)

Ib/inJ Ib/inJ % % %

1 835 11300 7.6 10.1 0. 75 0.00 (B)

2 880 11350 7.9 9.9 .80 . 16 (B)

3 7060 13.4 15.2 .88 . 66 (B)

4 575 9160 11.9 13.5 .88 . 15 (B)

5 8200 11.9 13.7 .87

.86

.24 (B)

6 500 8360 11.2 13.1 . 19 (B)

7 675 10700 9.5 11.1 .86 . 16 (B)

8 370 8220 12.4 14.2 .87 . 44 (B)

9 646 9130 11.6 13.0 .89 . 18 (B)

10 665 6640 13.2 16.

1

.87 .16 (B)

11 430 6370 13.9 16.2 .86 .31 (B)

12 475 6130 14.3 16.5 .87 . 17 (B)

13 640 8550 12.6 14,3 .88 . 25 (B)

14 770 8270 12.6 14.6 .86 .00

15 860 6970 13. 1 14.6 .90 No test Avg 630 8430 11.8 13.7 0. 86 0. 21 (B)

Plant 56, grade 2 ("Salmon," percentage of kiln imknovpn, DP, S)

1... 465 8110 13.4 14.7 0.91 F 46c

2 830 9100 12 1 13.4 .90 0. 43 F 57c

3 620 6780 13. 7 15. 1 .91 F 21c Avg 635 7980 13.1 14.4 0. 91

Plant 121, grade 1 ("Arch," 25 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 870 7420 8.4 10.2 0. 82 0.00 (B)

2 915 8120 11.1 12.6 .88 .23 (B)

3 580 6530 12.1 13.8 .88 . 26 (B)

4 555 7360 11.7 13. 2 .89 . 25 (B)

5 540 6390 11.8 13.6 .87 .46 (B) Avg ... 690 7160 11.0 12 7 0. 87 0. 24 (B)

Plant 121, grade 2 ("No. 1 Commons," 60 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 485 7180 12.8 14.2 0. 90 0. 27 (B)

2 630 7150 13.3 14.8 .90 .41 (B)

3 390 7400 13.6 14.6 .93 .30 (B)

4 390 4450 13.5 14.7 .92 F 42c (B)

5 350 4100 14.0 16.3 .92 F 45c (B) Avg 430 6060 13.4 14.7 0. 91

Plant 121, grade 3 ("No. 2 Commons," 18.75 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 610 6550 13.7 16.0 0. 91 F 43c (B)

2 326 4470 14,5 16.0 .91 F 33c (B)

3 415 6330 14.0 16.0 .91 F 21c (B)

4 330 3640 )5. 2 16.4 .93 F 28c (B)

5 465 5550 14.2 15. 1 .94 F 33c (B) Avg 410 4910 14.4 15.7 0.92 F 32c (B)

Plant 121, grade 4 ("Salmon, " 6.25 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1_.. 455 6110 14.6 15.8 0.92 F 180

2 285 4280 15.3 17.

1

.90 F 11c

3._ 276 4240 15.4 16.6 .93 F 9c

4 300 4410 14.7 16.2 .91 F 9c

5 440 4260 16.6 16.9 .92 F 9o Avg 350 4460 15. 1 16.5 0. 92 F 11c

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr

cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number cf cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 139, grade 1 ("Arch," 10 percent of kiln, DP, S)

12

3

4

5Avg

lb/in.2 870

1055 785

955

960

Ib/inJ 6830

5480 4900

5690 6200

%

12.4

12.8

14.7 13.2

13. 2

%

15.0

16.1 17.0

15.5

16.0

0. 83

.85

.86

.85 .82

%

0.62 (B) No test ....do

0.46 (B)

.48 (B)

926 5600 13.3 16.7 0. 84 0.49 (B)

Plant 139, grade 2 ("Medium," 70 percent of kiln, DP, S)

12

3

4

5Avg

695

645

780 670

640

4320

3920

5740

63,50 3980

16.7

16.0 14.2

15.6

16.5

20.1

18.3

16. 5 17.9

19.6

0.83

.87 .86

.87

.84

F 49c(B) F 50c(B)

0.83 (B)

.81 (B)

1.21 (B)

665 4660 15.8 18.5 0.85

Plant 139, grade 3 ("Salmon," 20 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 ___ 2

34

5Avg

320

280

295

400

2940

2770 2990

2270

2730

18.7

19.6 18.9

19.9

19.7

21.4

22.3

22.

1

22.4

22. 2

0.87

.88

.89 .89

.89

F 9c F 4c F 6c F 6c F 6c

325 2740 19.4 21.9 0.88 F 6o

Plant 139, grade 4 ("Arch," 10 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

34

5Avg

1520

1635

1546

1600

1246

9170

7940

7350 6700 8480

8.8

9.0

12.3 12.0 9.7

11.2

10.9

14.2

14.0

11.6

0.79

.83 .87 .86

.84

0.24 (B)

.23 (B)

.46 (B)

.48 (B)

.47 (B)

1610 7930 10.4 12.4 0. 84 0.38 (B)

Plant 139, grade 6 ("Medium," 70 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

34

5Avg

1620

1370

1450

1455 1116

6840

7190

7730

6790 6770

13.3

13. 2 13.2

12.4

12.8

16. 2 15.0

16. 2 14.2

14.4

0.88

.88

.87 .87

.89

No test No test F 48c(B)

0. 17 (B)

.07 (B)

1380 7060 13.0 14.8 0. 88

Plant 139, grade 6 ("Salmon," 20 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

34

5Avg

1445 1210

1415

1215

1365

5470

5900

5890 5650

5550

14. 1 14.7

14.4

14.3 14.0

16.9

16.4

16.8

15.8 15.7

0. 89

.90

.91

.91 .89

F 12c F 11c F 6c F 11c F 16c

1330 5690 14. 3 16.9 0. 90 F 11c

Plant 139, grade 7 ("Medium," percentage of kihi unknown, SC, FC)

Avg (5). 1435 7860 7.2 9.1 0.80 Not tested

Plant 164, grade 1 ("No. 1 Common," 75 percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

34

5Avg

1680

1680 1840

1375 1780

8380

12050 8430

6430

8140

6.8

5.8

7.4

10.1 6.7

10.7

9.1 11.3

13.6

10.6

0. 62

.64

.66

.74

.63

0. 19 .10

.20

.30

.29

1670 8690 7.4 11.

1

0.66 0.22

[44]
Table 18.

Properties of bricks produced in Colorado—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 165, grade 1 ("No. 1 Common," 75 percent of kiln, SC, S)

l._. 2

3

4

5Avg

IblinJ 2200

1765 1945

1950

2030

Ib/in.i 8530

7770

8310 8740

9890

%

9.1

10.8 8.4

8.1 8.6

%

11.1 12.7

10. 5 10.8 11.0

0.82

.85 .80

.75

.78

%

0. 10 .10 .10

.11

. 10

1980 8650 9.0 11.2 0.80 0. 10

Plant 186, grade 1 ("Vitrified," 20 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5)_ 1445 8710 5.8 8.1 0.71 Not tested

Plant 186, grade 2 ("Hard," 40 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5). 950 6640 8.2 11.5 0.71 Not tested

Plant 186, grade 3 ("Medium," 25 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 905 5630 10.6 13.1 0. 81 0.25 (B)

2 840 6250 10.3 12.8 .81 .34 (B)

3 660 5890 11.6 14.3 .81 .45 (B)

4 900 7300 9.5 12.6 .75 .26 (B)

5 925 6230 10.2 13.

1

.78 .33 (B) Avg 845 6260 10.4 13.2 0.79 0. 33 (B)

Plant 186, grade 4 ("Soft," 15 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 605 4300 13.5 15.8 0. 85 F 34c (B)

2 725 4780 13.4 15.6 .86 0.53 (B)

3 640 5190 12.8 15. 3 .84 .60 (B)

4 755 4530 13.3 15.6 .85 F 31c (B)

5. _ 280 5060 13.3 15.4 .86 F 25c (B) Avg 600 4770 13.3 15.5 0. 85

Plant 193, grade 1 ("Hard red," 85 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 335 3220 15.4 17.2 0. 90 F. 50c (B)

2 550 4420 12.6 14.5 .87 8.01 (B)

3 495 3590 12.6 14.9 .85 0.90 (B)

4 410 2420 13.7 15.8 .87 .77 (B)

5 305 2510 15.7 17.8 .88 1.33 (B)

6- 415 3000 14.3 16. 1 .89 0.45 (B)

7 190 2860 14.6 16.7 .87 .00 (B)

8 505 4000 14.0 15.3 .92 F 34c (B)

9 480 3920 15.5 17.2 .90 F 17c (B)

10 295 2430 15.3 17. 1 .89 F 34c (B)

11 370 3380 16.4 17.8 .92 F 10c (B)

12 550 3760 9.5 11.4 .83 0.29 (B1

13 235 2310 18.1 20.0 .91 F 19c (B)

14 315 2520 15.2 17.2 .88 F 42c (B)

15 275 2110 15.7 17.4 .90 1.71 (B) Avg 380 3100 14.6 16.4 0.89

Plant 193, grade 2 ("Salmon," 15 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 275 3210 17.5 19.1 0. 92 F 10c (Bl

2 275 3780 17.7 19.1 .93 F 12c (B)

3 240 3620 17.2 19.2 .90 F 12c (B)

4 255 3120 17.5 19.4 .90 F 14c (B)

5 190 3090 17.6 19.2 .92 F 25c (B) Avg 245 3360 17.5 19.2 0.91 F 15c (B)

Table 18.

Properties of bricks produced in Colorado—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coefFi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 197, grade 1 ("Medium," 60 to 70 percent of kiln, DP, C)

lb/in.2 Ib/inJ % % %

1 445 5000 10.7 12. 3 0. 87 0. 33 (B)

2 465 5150 11.0 12.8 .86 .27 (B)

3 430 5790 9.5 12. 2 .78 .27 (B)

4 445 4830 11.0 12.3 .89 . 20 (B)

5... 270 3720 12.4 14.2 .87 . 18 (B) Avg 410 5020 10.9 12.8 0. 85 0. 26 (B)

Plant 197, grade 2 ("Soft," 10 to 15 percent of kiln. DP, C)

1 525 6000 10.8 12.6 0.86 0.09 (B)

2 310 4630 12.0 13.9 .86 .74 (B)

3 340 4210 11.3 13.4 .84 .25 (B)

4 225 3880 12.

1

14.0 .86 .58 (B)

5 495 4390 10.8 12.9 .84 .31 (B) Avg 380 4620 11.4 13.4 0. 85 0.39 (B)

Table 19.Properties of bricks produced in Washington,

Oregon, and California

[The samples received included bricks made from shale and surface clay and formed by the soft-mud and the still-mud, side-cut processes. Data on 13 additional plants in the Los Angeles District were provided by the California Clay Products Institute. All of these plants manufactured brick made from surface clay. The Averages were as follows: Modulus of rupture 600 lb/in.-; compressive strength 3,690 lb/in. 2; water absorption by 48-hr cold immersion 11.8 percent: water absorption by 5-hr boiling 14.2 percent; saturation coefficient 0.83. Reference

is made to Williams' article [9] for additional data on Ore.gon bricks]

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 39, grade 1 ("Hard commons," 30 percent of kiln, SC, C)

lb/in:' IblinJ % % %

1 2950 15200 1.2 3.5 0. 34 0.08

2 2320 17250 0.8 3.3 . 24 .16

3 2650 18350 1.3 3.4 .38 .26

4 3570 19400 1.3 3.4 .38 .08

5 3080 17600 2.8 4.8 .58 .08 Avg 2915 17560 L5 3.7 0. 38 0. 13

Plant 39, grade 2 ("Medium," 60 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1810 8110 10.4 13.3 0.78 0. 32

2 1685 9340 9.9 12.8 .77 .25

3 1460 8400 9.9 12.7 .78 .19

4 1600 9560 9.9 12.9 .77 .29

5 1740 10000 9. 1 12.

1

.75 .30 Avg 1665 9080 9.8 12.8 0.77 0. 27

Plant 39, grade 3 ("Soft," 10 percent of kiln, SO, C)

1 470 3250 17.3 20.3 0. 85 F 27c

2 520 3340 16.6 19.7 .84 0. 54 3 520 3180 16.3 19.8 .82 .99 4 645 2590 17.4 20.4 .85 F 21c

5 760 3820 17.2 20. 2 .85 F 15c Avg 585 3240 17.0 20. 1 0. 84

[45]
Table 19.

Pro'perties of bricks produced in Washington,

Oregon, and California-—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-hr

cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 54, grade 1 ("Common over arches," SSyi percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 920

lblin.2 6770 %

11.2 %13.5 0.83 %Not tested %

Plant 54, grade 2 ("Center of kiln," 33^ percent of kiln, SC, S)

12

3

4. _- 6Avg

655 840

720

525 600

4610 4550

4430 4490

4700

14.4 13.9

13.7

14.0

13.6

16.5 16.4

16.0 16.2

15.6

0. 87

.85 .86

.86 .87

0.50 (B)

.49 (B) F 47c (B)

0.45 (B)

.40 (B)

670 4560 13.9 16.1 0.86

Plant 54, grade 3 ("Top of kiln," 33)4 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 600 4390 15.4 17.2 0. 90 F 45c

2 675 3600 15.4 17. 1 .90 1. 31 4.82 (75c) 3 665 3930 14.9 16.8 .89 0.30 F 72c 4 570 3980 15.2 16.6 .92 .37 0.65 (75c) 5 560 4060 15.5 17.3 .90 1. 37 3.66 {75c) Avg 615 3990 16.3 17.0 0. 90

Plant 85, grade 1 ("Face," 25 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2800 15350 1.1 4.7 0.23 0.07

2 2200 14400 3.5 7.4 .47 .00

3 2190 13700 3.5 7.0 .50 .16

4 2140 11200 4.4 8.4 .52 .08

5 1920 12650 2.7 6.6 .41 .00 Avg 2250 13460 3.0 6.8 0. 43 0.06

Plant 85, grade 2 ("Select common," 50 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 690 8190 6.5 10.2 0.64 0.19

2 1750 8900 5.8 9.3 .64 .09

3 900 7890 8.6 12.

1

.71 .17

4 1130 8170 9.6 13.0 .74 .17

5 1170 7730 8.6 11.8 .73 .11 Avg 1130 8180 7.8 11.3 0.69 0. 15

Plant 85, grade 3 ("100 percent kiln run," SC, C)

1 1245 8230 10.5 14.0 0.75 0.30 0. 50 (63c) 2 890 4810 14.4 17.4 .83 .50 . 60 (63c)

3 1095 4610 9.7 13.0 .75 .09 . 09 (63c)

4 820 5190 15.4 18.6 .83 .72 . 81 (63c)

5 520 2990 16.3 18.9 .86 .95 1. 16 (63c) Avg 915 5170 13.3 16.4 0. 80 0. 61 0. 73 (630

Plant 99, grade 1 ("Common," 80 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 370 3160 16.5 23. 2 0.71 1. 65

2 706 4500 12.4 18.6 .67 0. 34

3 470 3840 12.9 18.8 .69 .43

4 560 4280 12.3 18.4 .67 .33

5 335 '2240 16.4 22.9 .72 1.97 Avg 485 3600 14.

1

20.4 0.69 0.94

Plant 100, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run," SC, S)

Avg (15). 625 5460 11.9 16.6 0.71 Not tested

Table 19.

Properties of bricks produced in Washington,

Oregon, and California—Continffed

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 137, grade 1 ("Arch," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

lb/in.'- % % % %

1 655 7150 6.4 9.8 0. 66 0. 26 (B)

2 685 7450 5.9 9.2 .64 .67 (B)

3 550 6660 5.7 9.1 .63 . 09 (B)

4 555 7500 5.9 9.1 .65 . 32 (B)

5 405 4820 8.2 n. 2 .73 . 52 (B) Avg 570 6510 6.4 9.7 0. 66 0. 37 (B)

Plant 137, grade 2 ("Medium," 80 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5).. 435 4040 9.9 13.5 0. 73 Not tested

Plant 137, grade 3 ("Soft," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 320 2920 11.

1

14. 7 0.76 1.57

2 375 3730 10.4 14.4 .72 0.87

3 305 3170 10.8 14.4 .75 1.44

4 336 3020 10.7 14.7 .73 1.26

5 330 2960 10.6 14.3 .74 1.76 Avg 335 3160 10.7 14.5 0.74 1.38

Plant 156, grade 1 ("Kiln run common,'' 100 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 720 2900 19.5 24.6 0.79 0. 12

2 780 2200 19.3 23.3 .83 F 9c

3 790 2930 19.1 24.2 .79 5. 25

4 560 2150 20.7 26.

1

.79 F9c

5 410 1990 21.8 26.4 .83 L04

6 600 1960 2L0 26.1 .80 F 37c

7 476 1920 21.0 26.0 .81 0. 56 8 440 1800 21.1 26.8 .79 .93 9 450 1430 22.7 27.5 .82 .97

10 385 1620 21.9 26.9 .81 1.63

11 300 1180 23.2 28.0 .83 F 24c

12 435 1620 22.

1

27.6 .80 0. 79

13 320 1470 22.8 27.4 .83 1. 37

14 305 1300 23.4 28.0 .84 1.87

16 270 1260 23.8 28.0 .85 1.31 Avg 486 1860 21.6 26.5 0. 81

Table 20.Properties of bricks produced in Texas

[All samples received were formed from shale or surface clay by the drypress or the stiff-mud (side-cut or end-cut) process]

Mod- Compres- sive strength

Water ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 61 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

61 cycles

Plant 1, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run," DP, S)

Iblin."- Ib/in.^ % % % %

1. __ 830 0580 10.5 12.5 0.84 0.70 0.90 (90c) 2 656 11.7 13.1 .89 5.50 F 54c

3 615 12.1 14.2 .85 F 42c

4 655 4370 12.0 13.7 .87 1. 10 F 69c

5 760 6230 11.5 12.6 .91 1.60 F 54c

6 726 4320 11.4 13.1 .87 F 42c

7 880 5460 10.8 12.4 .81 0. 40 F 78c

8 680 4430 12.0 13.5 .89 F 42c

9 790 4560 11.4 13.1 .87 F 46c

10 810 5840 11.

1

13.1 .85 F 45c

11 726 5120 11.3 12.9 .88 0. 49 F 84c Avg 740 5100 11.4 13.1 0. 87

[46]
Table 20.

Properties of bricks produced in Texas- ContinuedTable 20.

Properties of bricks produced in Texas- Contiiiucd

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coelTi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 1, grade lA ("Second sample of grade 1")

Ibjin.i lb/in.' % % %

875 7760 15.5 17.7 0.88 F 36c

2 830 7600 14.8 16.4 .90 F 36c

3 905 7940 14.7 16.2 .91 F 15c

4 850 8100 15.0 16.7 .90 F 15c

5 800 8290 15.7 17.3 .91 F 19c

6 755 8100 15.4 16.9 .91 F 19c

7 760 7530 14.8 16.4 .90 F 20c

8 760 8440 16.1 18.1 .89 -F 20c

9 755 8120 15.9 17.6 .91 F 20c

10 820 8160 15.0 16.

1

.93 F 13c

11 905 6400 14.9 16.7 .89 F 20c

12 860 7110 14.7 17.0 .87 F 19c

13 860 7040 14.6 16.9 .92 F 20c

14 865 7270 15.1 16.7 .90 F 200

15 675 6990 16.2 16.8 .90 F 19c Avg 820 7660 15.2 16.8 0.90 F 21c

Plant 20, grade 1 ("Reds," 100 percent of kiln, DP, S) %

1___ 525 8440 11.2 12.4 0. 90 0. 26 F 63c

2 935 10000 11.0 12.1 .91 .10 0. 21 (81c) 3 .- 960 11250 11.3 12.8 .88 .49 F HOC

4._ _ 1230 10350 9.9 11.4 .87 .10 F 72c

5 720 7700 11.8 12.7 .93 .26 F 66c Avg 875 9650 11.0 12.3 0. 90 0. 24

Plant 20, grade lA ("Second sample of grade 1 (1936)")

(24-hr)

1 940 6740 13.3 15.2 0. 88 1.01

2 810 6020 12.9 14.8 .87 0.41

3 1050 7300 12.4 13.9 .89 .52

4 880 9500 12.6 14. 1 .89 .29

5 850 6290 13.3 15.3 .87 .41

6 960 6640 13. 5 15.3 .88 .10

7 1085 7540 12.2 13.8 .88 .29

8 776 7070 11.9 13.4 .88 .59

9 1120 7730 11.7 13.2 .88 .27

10 1055 8730 12.4 14.0 .89 .73

11 1085 9100 12.3 14.2 .88 .60

12 985 8520 12.2 13. 7 .89 .69

13 1006 8230 12.3 13.8 .89 .29

14 1130 7690 12.7 14.3 .89 .49

15 840 6750 13.

1

14.9 .88 .41

16 910 7400 13.4 15.3 .88 .50

17 900 6190 13.8 16.0 .86 .48

18 1100 7290 12.2 13.8 .88 .42

19 856 6900 13.5 15. 6 .87 .40

20 995 7600 13.3 15.0 .88 .,38 Avg 965 7360 12.7 14.5 0.88 0. 46

Plant 20, grade 2 ("Standard," 100 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 845 5570 17. 5 18.9 0.93 F 16c (B)

2_ 785 7350 18.4 20.4 .90 F 23c (B)

3 930 6510 18.4 20.0 .92 F 19c (B)

4 746 5670 19.7 21.7 .91 F 23c (B)

S 746 6490 17.6 19.0 .93 F 19c (B)

6 525 4950 18.7 20.2 .93 F 26c (B) Avg 760 6920 18.4 20.0 0.92 F 21c (B)

Plant 28, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run," DP, S)

1 lb/in.' lb/in.' % % %

1100 8970 16.5 18.2 0.91 No test 2 975 6760 19.7 20.8 .95 do

3 795 6170 20.6 21.8 .95 F 19c (B)

4 596 4960 20.

1

21.9 .92 F lOo (B)

6 .._ 886 7000 18.7 20.2 .93 F 19c (B)

6 910 8370 18.6 20.5 .91 F 30c (B)

7 1016 7540 18.3 20.0 .91 F 22c (B)

8 886 9060 18.4 20. 1 .92 F 16c (B)

9 1220 9500 16.9 18. 6 .91 F 26c (B)

10 796 8600 17.6 19.3 .91 F 26c (B)

11 840 8290 19.4 20.6 .94 F 22c (B)

12 930 6790 18.8 20.4 .92 F 17c (B)

13 765 6920 20. 6 21.7 .95 F ]7c (B)

14 595 5690 20. 6 21.6 .95 F 17c (B)

15 760 6370 21.2 22.4 .95 F 26c (B) Avg 870 7330 19.1 20.5 0.93 F 21c (B)

Plant 42, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run common," DP, S)

1 980 6790 19.1 20.8 0.92 F 16c (B)

2 1045 6370 18.8 19.9 .95 F 13c (B)

3 740 5470 19.9 22.0 . 91 F 12c (B)

4 810 5540 18.2 19.8 .92 F 15c (B)

5 850 6820 18.2 19.8 .92 F 13c (B)

6 865 6830 18. 6 19.6 .94 F 15c (B)

650 6240 .19.4 20.6 .94 F 13c (B)

8 850 5590 18.6 19.7 .94 F 13c (B)

9 1070 6160 18. 5 19.6 .94 F 14c (B)

10 715 6250 19.9 21.

1

.94 F 17c (B)

11 810 5870 18.4 20.0 .92 F 16c fB)

12 770 4670 20.0 21.8 .92 F 14c (B)

13 965 5440 19.1 20.1 .95 F 15c (B)

14 960 5430 19.1 20.

1

.95 F 14c (B)

15 900 5470 19.8 21.4 .93 F 15c (B)

16 750 5940 18.7 20.7 .90 F 14e (B) Avg 860 5800 19.0 20.4 0. 93 F 14c (B)

Plant 47, grade 1 ("Flashed," 20 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (6). 1085 8150 6.4 9.6 0. 56 Not tested

Plant 47, grade 2 ("Dark," 40 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (6). 1110 8240 6.5 9.4 0. 68 Not tested

Plant 47, grade 3 ("Medium," 30 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (6). 945 7890 7.9 11.2 0.70 Not tested

Plant 47, grade 4 ("Light," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 875 7440 9.3 12.7 0.73 0. 19

2 830 7570 10.1 12.8 .79 .11

3 750 5440 11.4 14.2 .80 .19

4 725 6240 10.4 13.5 .77 .10

5 700 5040 12.8 15.7 .81 .10

6 595 5220 11.0 14.1 .78 .00

Avg..._. 745 6160 10.8 13.8 0.78 0.12

[47]
Table 20. Properties of bricks "produced in Continued

1 exus—

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

men

number

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 82, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run common," DP, C)

Ib/in.i Ib/inJ % % %

1 645 5160 10.1 12.2 0.83 0.42

2 915 5790 9.5 11.7 .81 .22

3 860 5120 9.3 10.9 .85 .32

4 880 6070 8.2 9.9 .83 .34

5 1055 7800 7.6 9.2 .82 .23

6 540 6410 6.6 8.1 .81 .09

7 830 5950 7.0 9.1 .77 .10

8 810 6880 7.4 8.9 .83 .10

9 800 7160 7.1 9.1 .78 .20

10 1085 7190 7.2 8.7 .83 .10

11 910 5550 8.0 9.6 .83 .20

12 735 6350 7.8 9.3 .84 .19

13 900 6800 9.4 11.2 .84 .18

14 665 5230 13.3 15.0 .89 .68

15 370 6580 12. 5 13.8 .91 F 21c Avg 795 6270 8.7 10.4 0. 83

Plant 82, grade 2 ("No. 1 Common," 90 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 1350 7170 6.3 8.2 0. 77 0.00

2 1095 6680 7.3 8.8 .83 .19

3 535 9280 5.9 7.3 .81 .00

4._ 760 6850 7.5 9.1 .82 .10

5 950 7440 9.9 11.2 .88 .17 Avg 940 7480 7.4 8.9 0. 82 0.09

Plant 98, grade 1 ("Arch," 30 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 610 7320 12.4 13.4 0.93 F 12c 2 965 7420 13.6 15.0 .91 F 18c

3 970 8340 13.8 14.8 .93 F 15c 4 1040 9110 13.0 14.4 .90 F 18c

5 950 7750 14.5 16.0 .91 F 15c Avg 910 7990 13.5 14.7 0. 92 F 16c

Plant 98, grade 2 ("Middle bench," 30 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1_ 875 8840 12.1 13.4 0. 90 F 36c

2 900 9090 12.1 13.6 .89 F 40c

3 1000 8530 10.7 11.6 .92 F 41c

4 900 8110 10.8 12.1 .89 F 27c

5 1115 9800 11.7 13.1 .89 F 32c Avg 960 8870 11.5 12.8 0.90 F 35c

Plant 98, grade 3 ("Top bench," 40 percent of kiln, DP, C)

Avg (5)_ 715 8130 12.8 13.9 0.92 Not tested

Plant 138, grade 1 ("Hard reds," 70 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg (5). 1060 12380 6.9 9.3 0. 73 Not tested

Plant 138, grade 2 ("Medium reds," 30 percent of kiln, EC, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

1005 960

980

1065 980

8050

9050

7800

7710 7280

12.6

13.6

13.3

13. 2 13.7

15.0

16.2

15.8

16.9

16.

1

0.84

.84

.84

.83

.85

0.19 (B) F 50c (B) F 45c (B) F 45c (B) F 4.6c (B)

995 7980 13.3 15.8 0.84

Table 20.

Properties of bricks produced in Texas- Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 194, grade 1 ("Average common," 95 to 98 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (6).

Ib/in.i % %

1650 14660 5.4 8.2 0.65 %

Not tested

Plant 194, grade 2 ("Hollow common," percentage of kiln unknown. EC, S) Avg (5)

.

1605 2710 5.3 7.6 0.69 Not tested

Plant 194, grade 3 ("Average common," 96 to 98 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 530 6140 8.4 10.6 0.79 0. 27 (B) 2 996 4880 11.0 13.6 .81 . 42 (B)

3 1270 9040 6.9 8.9 .78 . 32 (B)

4 610 0280 9.

1

11.3 .81 . .32 (B)

5 940 3750 9.4 11.5 .82 .41 (B) Avg 870 6020 9.0 11.2 0.80 0. 36 (B)

Plant 195, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run," DP, C)

1 675 2650 27.4 34.6 0.79 2. 64 (B)

2_ 660 2300 26.7 34.4 .78 4. .52 (B)

3 646 2570 25.0 32.5 .77 0. 33 (B)

4 605 2460 27.2 34.8 .78 4. 29 (B)

5 460 2220 28.5 35.4 .80 F 4c (B)

6 636 3180 26.5 34.0 .78 0. 38 (B)

7 670 3430 24.4 31.7 .77 F 6c (B)

8 1040 3700 20.6 33.0 .62 0. 11 (B)

9 1266 4920 20.3 30.

1

.67 .00 (B)

10 915 3570 21.6 32.9 .66 .32 (B)

11 900 3290 23.5 35.2 .67 .37 (B)

12 980 3190 23.9 35.6 .67 . 34 (B)

13 740 3010 25. 5 34.8 .73 0. 58 (B)

14 1575 29.4 35.0 .84 No test Avg 775 3000 25.0 33.9 0.74

Plant 195, grade lA ("Second sample (1936) of grade 1")

(24-hr)

1 720 2950 25.0 33.8 0.74 "-hO. 68

2._. 736 3090 23.5 34.5 .68 +. 60

3 595 3050 24. 2 32.2 .76 -1-1.24 4 940 2910 22.0 32.4 .68 -1-0.76 5 960 2800 21.6 31.8 .68 -fl. 30 6 540 3010 24.4 32.4 .76 +0. 71 7 680 3070 24.2 32.5 .75 -I-I.03 8 580 2870 25.7 32.7 .78 -fO.64

9 685 2470 24.7 34.1 .73 +. 41

10 675 3470 23.4 33.5 .70 +.56 Avg 710 2970 23.9 33.0 0.73 -1-0.78

Plant 196, grade 2 ("Textured," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown,

DP, C)

(24-hr)

1 925 4950 25.8 30.9 0.84 0.28

2 460 4420 28.7 33.8 .85 F 24c

3 575 5150 26. 2 32.6 .80 F 36c

4 425 3320 28.6 32.6 .88 F 16c

6 670 4440 25. 7 32.5 .80 «+0. 73

6 500 4390 28. 5 31.6 .90 . 13

7 490 3320 26.9 33.9 .80 F 8c

8 565 4610 28.7 31.9 .90 F 21c

9 756 3940 26.4 32.

1

.82 F 17c

10 445 4170 28.0 32.8 .86 F 18c Avg 580 4260 27.4 32. 6 0.85

1 The gain in weight resulting from freezing and thawing of grade lA

is accounted for by the hydration and carbonation of the very conside r- able lime content of these specimens. Grades 1 A and 2 were tested within

60 days of their manufacture. Grade 1 had "aged" for 7 years before start- ing freezing and thawing tests and gave an average gain in initial dry

weight of 8.0 percent. Grade 2 sufficiently disintegrated in 5] cycles so that the resulting loss in weight exceeded the gain results from hydration and carbonation, except tor iSTo. 6.
Table 20. -Properties of bricks produced in Texas- Continued

Water abSpeci- men

Modulus

of Compressive

sorption

Sat- uration

Weight

loss at 51 Results beyond 48-hr cold immercycles or number of cycles at

failure number rupture strength 5-hr

boil- ing

coefE- cient51 cycles

sion

Plant 203, grade 1 ("Hard," 30 percent of kiln, SO, C)

IblinJ lb/in.' % % %

Avg (5). 1205 7650 5.4 8.6 0.62 Not tested

Plant 203, grade 2 ("Medium," 60 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5). 1085 7110 6.5 9.4 0.69 Not tested

Plant 203, grade 3 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 770 5830 8.6 12.2 0.70 0. 29 (B)

2 970 7130 8.6 11.6 .74 .17 (B) 3- - 1165 72C0 9.4 12.4 .75 1. 39 (B)

4 180 6500 8.6 11.7 .73 0.20 (B)

5 575 6460 8.8 12.2 .72 . 20 (B) Avg 730 6620 8.8 12.0 0.73 0. 45 (B)

Plant 209, grade 1 ("Solid common," 80 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1725 8180 7.7 9.1 0. 85 0. 30 (B)

2 1910 7660 8.0 9.6 .84 . 23 (B)

3 1050 6810 7.0 9.0 .78 1.55 (B)

4 1840 8620 7.7 9.0 .86 0.51 (B)

5 1715 8C30 6.7 7.9 .85 . 25 (B)

6 1795 7650 7.4 8.9 .83 . 22 (B) Avg 1670 7920 7.4 8.9 0.84 0. 52 (B)

Plant 209, grade 2 ("Textured," 20 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1155 10350 10.4 12.0 0.87

2. 1010 7730 9.8 11.1 .87

3 940 9590 9.7 11.5 .84

4 1030 12350 7.8 10.0 .78

5 1085 9310 10.3 12.0 .86

6 1130 8500 9.9 11.6 .85 Avg 1060 9640 9.6 11.4 0.85

F 45c (B)

7. 78 (B) F 39c (B)

4. 11 (B) F 43c (B)

2.95 (B)

Plant, 209, grade 3 ("Light burned common," 20 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1200 6230 11.

1

12.8 0.87 F 43c (B)

2 410 5340 12.8 14.2 .90 F 12c (B)

3... 1145 7310 11.4 13.0 .88 F 38c (B)

4 915 6090 12.7 14.8 .86 F7c (B)

5 1025 6450 11.8 13.6 .87 F 14c (B)

6 315 8090 9.5 11.3 .84 F 41c (B) Avg 835 6580 11.6 13.3 0. 87 F 26c (B)

Plant 215, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln r im," SC, S)

Avg (15). 1390 11810 5.9 7.4 0.75 Not tested

Plant 216, grad e 1 ("10 C pereeri t kiln r un," SC, S)

I. ... 2..._

3_.-_ i.—

5_...

6_.._

7-___ 8.._. 9..._

10_._

II. _. 12._.

13.._ 14_._

15__, Avg.

14100 12050

14550

13550

12750 9920

10450

10550

10350 11550

14300

10750

1.3050 9150

10300

11820

3.9

6.0

6.2

8.1 8.0

9.6

9.9

9.3

9.9 8.8

8.7 9.5

8.9

10.3 9.6

8.4

5.0

7.8

8.1 10.2

10.0

11.1

11.3 11.3

11.6

10.6

10.5

11.0

10.6

11.6

11.8

10.2

0.78

.77

.77

.79

.82

.85 .83

.83 .86

.84

.89

.81

0.83

No test -do

..do

..do

..do

0.29 .09

. 16 .08 .28

. 09 (B)

.15 (B)

.36 (B)

. 26 (B)

.74 (B)

0. 25 (A&B)

Table 20.

Properties of bricks produced in Texas- Con tinned

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-hr

cold immersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Sat- uration

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 217, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run," DP, S)

lb/in." lb/in." % % %

1 870 5400 19.2 20.7 0.93 F 16c

2. 805 5730 19.

1

20.5 .93 F 18c 3 _. . .. 1090 5190 18.3 19. 7 .93 F 18c

4. . . 870 4980 18.8 20.6 .91 F 24c

5 830 6750 18.7 20.1 .93 F 28c 6 1180 7920 17.5 18.9 .93 F 24c

7 1140 6.540 17.8 19.

1

.93 F 18c 8 875 4870 19.7 21.

1

.93 F I8c 9 900 7050 19.3 20.8 .93 F 18c Avg 950 6050 18.7 20.2 0.93 F20c

Plant 217, grade 2 ("100 percen t kiln run," SC, S)

1 5670 13.0 15.2 0.86

.84 0.65

2 860 5080 14.7 17.5 .28

3 805 5570 13.9 17.2 .81 .19

4 980 5310 14.1 17.2 .82 .20

5 420 6150 14.4 16.8 .86 .29 6 950 5540 14.4 16.7 .86 .18

7 800 5500 14.4 17.4 .83 .40 8 745 5110 14.6 17.6 .83 .70

9 1095 6110 13.8 16.2 .85 .13

10 335 5230 14.1 17.2 .82 .81

11 200 4320 14.9 17.0 .88 .57

12 750 5170 14.2 16.9 .84 .27

13 635 4820 15.3 17.3 .88 .41

14 970 52,30 14.4 16.7 .86 .33 Avg.. 735 5340 14.3 16.9 0.85 0.39

Plant 217, grade 3 ("Hollow," 100 percent of kiln, EC, S)

1 1030 1870 13.6 15.6 0.87 0.65

2 910 2070 13.4 15.8 .85 .47

3 660 2570 14.2 16.1 .88 .90

4 805 2550 13.7 16.3 .84 .78

5 750 2770 13.0 15.6 .83 .91 Avg 830 2370 13.6 15.9 0.85 0.74

Table 21.

Properties of bricks produced in Arkansas,

Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama

[The samples submitted included brick formed from surface clay, fire clay, or shale by the dry-press and the stiff-mud (side-cut and end-cut)

processes. Some of the raw materials are unusual in that variations

in time and temperature of firing, instead of producing variation in shades of red (dark to light) bring out entirely different colors (reds, browns, greys, etc )]

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 22, grade 1 ("Common," 100 percent of kiln, SC, S)

lb/in.' Ibjin.' % % %

1 1730 11250 5.0 8.0 0.62 0. 08 (B)

2. 2000 9650 4.3 7.1 .61 . 10 (B)

3 1770 10150 7.1 9.9 .72 .08 (B)

4 1660 9290 7.6 10.0 .76 .10 (B)

5 1180 6670 9.9 12.4 .80 . 16 (B) Avg 1670 9400 6.8 9.5 0.70 0. 10 (B)

[49]
Table 21.

Pro-perties of bricks produced in Arkansas,

Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama—Continued

Table 21.Properties of bricks produced in Arkansas,

Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-hr cold immersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number

of cycles

at failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-hr cold immersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Sat- uration

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number

of cycles

at failure

Results beyond

61 cycles

Plant 22, grade 2 ("Face," 100 percent of kiln, SC, FC) Plant 53, grade 3 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Ibjin} lb/in.' % % %

Avg (6). 1995 14790 3.9 6.2 0.59 Not tested 12_ Plant 22, grade 3 ("Face," 100 percent of kiln, DP, FC)"

1 1540 18550+ 5.2 8.0 0. 65 0. 19

2 1765 19650 4.4 6.4 .69 .40

3 1170 10900 5.9 8.2 .72 .45

4 1235 13450 5.5 7.7 .71 .36

5 1040 10400 5.9 8.2 .72 .27 Avg 1350 14590+ 5.4 7.7 0.70 0.33

Avg_

lb/in.' 410

410

635

535 635

525

lb/in.' 2120

2170

2470 2480

2430

2330

%

10.8

10.6

10.6

11.2

11.0

10.

%

16.7

16.9

17.

1

17.

1

16.4

16.8

0.65

.63 .62

.65

.67

0.64

%

0.86

1. 10

0. 71 .94

1. 19

0.96

%

1. 29 (75c)

1. 55 (75c)

2. 22 (75c)

1. 41 (75c)

1. 79 (75o)

1.65 (75c)

Plant 97, grade 1 ("100 percent kiln run," SC, C)

Avg (15). 1156 7600 13.7 18.1 0.76 Not tested

Plant 22, grade 4 ("Face." 100 percent of kiln, DP, S) Plant 102, grade 1 ("Common hard," 83 percent of kiln, SC, C) Avg (5). 1900 12690 5.3 7.7 0.69 Not tested Avg (5). 1755 8480 7.7 10.5 0.73 Not tested

Plant 22, grade 5 ("Common," 100 percent of kiln, DP, S)

1 1110 6000 6.4 8.9 0. 72 0.34

2 1050 4520 7.2 9.5 .76 .46

3 830 6050 7.7 10.0 .77 . 73

4 1025 6130 7.1 9.7 .73 .02

5 990 4550 7.

1

9.3 .76 .45 Avg 1000 5450 7.1 9.5 0.75 0. 51

Plant 33, grade 1 ("Reds," percentage of kiln unknown, DP, 0)

Avg.

850 920

770

725

815

9030

7020

6670

7900

13.0 13.4

13.9

14.7

13.8

14.7

15.1 15.5 16.2

15.4

0.88 0. 11 (B)

. 11 (B)

. 10 (B)

. 42 (B)

0. 15 (B)

Plant 102, grade 2 ("Clinker," 7 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5)_ 2060 11060 4.8 7.0 0.68 Not tested

Plant 102, grade 3 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

12

34

5Avg

1010

1235 940

655

805

6350 5440

5730

4160

4850

16.3

16.3

16.0 17.6

16.5

18.8

18.7

18.3 20.6

19.2

0.87

.87 .87

.85

.86

F 42c

0. 10 F 50c 0.78

.54

930 5310 16.5 19.1 0.86

Plant 107, grade 1 ("Greys," 80 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Plant 33, grade 2 ("Browns," percentage of kiln unknown, DP, C)

1 500 4750 13.3 18.2 0.73 0.22

2 685 4920 1.5.3 20. 5 .75 . 21 3 635 4850 16.9 21.9 .77 .25

4 375 5370 12.7 16.4 .77 . 12

5 590 4360 15.7 21.

1

.74 .73 Avg 555 4850 14.8 19.6 0.75 0. 31

Plant 52, grade 1 ("100 percent shale common," 50 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (7). 1875 13770 L6 3.6 0. 45 Not tested

Plant 52, grade 2 ("80 percent shale common," 50 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (7). 1520 7380 10.7 0. 81 Not tested

Plant 53, grade 1 ("Dark face," 20 percent of kiln, EC, C)

Avg1680 4251055

6030

7580

13.3

12. 2 17.815.9

16.8

0.75

.77

0.76

0. 11 (B)

. 09 (B)

0. 10 (B)

Plant 107, grade 2 ("Browns," 15 percent of kiln, EC, C)

12Avg

665

530 68705740

12.7

13. 1

16. 2 15.7 0.78

.83

0. 00 (B)

. 31 (B)

600 6300 12.9 16.0 0.80 0. 16 (B)

Plant 107, grade 3 ("Reds," 6 percent of kiln, EC, C)

12Avg

470

550 3940

4110

12.5

12.6

15.9

15.0 0.79.84

9. 25 (B)

0. 10 (B)

510 4020 12.6 15.4 0. 82 4. 68 (B)

Plant 131, grade 1 ("Blue common," 90 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5). 955 3520 9.7 14.3 0.68 Not tested Avg (10) 1115 6200 10.5 15.0 0.69 Not tested

Plant 53, grade 2 ("Light face," 75 percent of kiln, EC, C) Plant 131, grade la ("Second sample of grade 1")

Avg (5)_ 645 2720 n.0 15.9 0.69 Not tested Avg (5). 1045 7050 10.8 15.3 0.70 Not tested

[50]
Table 21.

Properties of bricks produced in Arkansas,

Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama—Continued

Water abSpeci- men

Modulus

of Compressive

sorption

Sat- Weight

loss at 51 Results beyond

48-hr

cold immeruration cycles or numberof cycles

at failure number rupture strength 5-hr

boil- ing

coefTi- cient51 cycles

sion

Plant 131, grade 2 ("Bufif commons," 90 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (10) Z6/m.2 1160

Iblin.' 7500 %

7.4 %12.

1

0.61 %

Not tested

Plant 131, grade 2A ("Second sample of grade 2")

Avg (5). 1210 8640 6.9 11.6 0.60 Not tested

Plant 131, grade 3 ("Face," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C)

Avg (10) 1230 6790 8.1 12. 2 0.66 Not tested

Plant 131, grade 4 ("Face," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C)

Avg (5), 1700 9490 5.8 9.8 0.58 Not tested

Plant 131, grade 5 ("Face," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C)

Avg (5). 1575 9100 7.2 11.0 0.64 Not tested

Plant 161, grade 1 ("Arch," 5 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1000 8670 5.7 7.8 0.73 0.42

2_. 1055 8540 5.6 7.9 .71 .00

3 795 10490 5.6 8.4 .67 .19

4 1055 11460 5.4 7.7 .70 .09

5 876 10020 6.4 7.9 .68 .10 Avg 955 9840 6. 5 7.9 0.70 0. 16

Plant 161, grade 2 ("Hard," 76 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1770 9070 6.4 8.6 0. 75 0. 00

2 1700 8360 5.2 7.6 .68 .19

3. _- 1640 8280 5.9 8.7 .68 .00

4_ 1340 6940 6.

1

8.5 .72 .00

5 1490 8900 7.0 9.1 .77 . 11 Avg 1590 8310 6.

1

8.5 0. 72 0.06

Plant 161, grade 3 ("Medium hard," 20 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1730 8300 7.4 9.8 0.76 0.00

2 1650 8930 7.6 10.4 .73 .00

3 1690 7650 6.0 8.3 .72 .00

4 1915 6900 7.3 9.9 .74 .00

5 1266 7280 7.7 10.6 .73 .00 Avg 1630 7810 7.2 9.8 0.74 0.00

Plant 185, grade 1 ("Commercial Hard Browns," 65 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg(6)_ 1026 8080 11.4 15.7 0. 72 Not tested

Plant 185, grade 2 ("Commercial Hard, Purples," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (6). 1000 8020 11.4 15.2 0.75 Not tested

Plant 185, grade 3 ("Commercial Hard, Reds," 24 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (6)_ 695 5670 11.4 16.2 0.75 Not tested

Table 21.Properties of bricks produced in Arkansas,

Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

Wate

sorp

48-hr

cold immersion

r abtion

5-hr

boil- ing

Sat- uration

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number

of cycles at failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 185, grade 4 ("Salmon," 1.0 percent of kiln, SC, C)

12

3

4

56 ___ Avg

310 226

280

lb/in.' 3490

3980 3970

4280

3710

3240

%

12.9

12. 2

12. 4

12. 1 13.1 12.9

%

16.4

16.3

16.0

16. 5 16.6 16.9

0.79 .76

.77

.78 .79

.76

%

0. 47 (B)

. 49 (B)

. 3fi (B)

5. 68 (B)

0. 52 (B)

. 40 (B)

270 3780 12.6 16.3 0.77 1. 58 (B)

Plant 202, grade 1 ("Reds," percentage of kiln unknown, DP, C)

Avg (6). 730 3230 16.3 21.2 0.77 Not tested

Plant 206, grade 1 ("Average," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C)

Avg (5). 1010 9580 10.4 16.0 0.69 Not tested

Table 22.

Properties of bricks produced in Tennessee

[All samples received were formed from surface clay or shale either by the dry-press or by the stiff-mud, side-cut method]

ModWater absorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

61 cycle.«

Plant 26, grade 1 ("Dark to light," 100 percent of kiln, SO, C)

lb/in.' lb/in.' % % %

1 1270 10250 8.6 10.8 0.80 0.11

2 1075 6540 11.4 13.4 .85 .20

3 - 1636 6040 7.9 11.

1

.71 .42

4 550 4180 17.0 19.0 .90 F 14c

6 255 3000 19.4 20.6 .94 F 12c Avg 935 6000 12.9 15.0 0. 84

Plant 26, gi ade 2 ("Dark to light," 100 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 _ 1095 9100 7.1 9.9 0.72 0.33

2 755 8660 9.4 12.6 .76 .31

3 1170 7690 7.4 10.9 .68 .10

4_ 1635 7470 7.6 10.1 .75 .25

5 1160 8740 8.8 10.7 .82 .37 Avg 1160 8330 8.

1

10.8 0.74 0. 27

Plant 26, grade 3 ("Dark to light," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, S)

Avg (5)_ 1436 13270 4.7 6.8 0.68 Not tested

Plant 69, grade 1 ("All hard common. ' 90 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 1820 20800-1- 2.4 4.9 0.49 0.08

2 1910 13650 6.6 8.9 .74 .15

3 1326 9540 9.7 11.9 .82 .15

4__ _ 1710 12950 6.5 8.8 .74 .15

5 1430 10950 9.2 10.9 .84 1.22 6 1380 11050 6.9 9.0 .77 0. 26 Avg 1595 13160-f 6.9 9.

1

0. 73 0. 34

[51]
Table 22.

Properties of brick produced in Tennessee—

Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold immersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Sat- uration

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number

of cycles

at failure

Table 23.

Properties of bricks produced in Kentucky

[All samples received represented bricks made from surface clay and

formed by the dry-press, soft-mud or the stifl-mud, side-cut process]

Results beyond

51 cycles Speci- men

number

Plant 59, grade 2 ("Kiln run average," 100 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr

cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Iblin.' 1730 11950 %

6.8 %

9.3 %0. 25

Plant 40, grade 1 ("Arch," 30 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 __- 0. 73

2 1340 12050 6. 7 9.2 .73 .25 lb/in.

Iblin.i % % %

3. _- 1865 13050 7.1 9.3 .76 .21 Avg (5). 660 7500 12.8 17.7 0. 72 Not tested

4 2730 18350 4. 1 6.9 .59 .08

5 1120 9500 11.6 13.6 .85 .33 6 635 4550 16.2 18.3 .89 1.30 Plant 40, grade 2 ("Commercial hard, ' 40 percent of kiln, SM, C) Avg 1570 11580 8.8 n. 1 0. 76 0.40 Avg (5). 1065 9290 12.2 17.6 0.69 Not tested

Plant 127, grade 1 ("Vitrified," 15 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2880 19160 0.8 4.9 0. 16 0. 32 (B)

2 2680 18400 1.

1

5.3 .21 . 15 (B)

3 2940 17950 1.

1

4.9 .22 . 75 (B)

4 3110 20370 0.7 5.0 . 14 . 14 (B)

5 3020 22400 1.

1

4.3 .26 . 07 (B) Avg 2925 19650 1.0 4.9 0.20 0. 29 (B)

Plant 127, grade 2 ("Hard," 45 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 2425 17330 4.8 7.8 0. 61 Not tested

Plant 127, grade 3 ("Medium," 40 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (5). 1525 6.8 10.1 0.66 Not tested

Plant 144, grade 1 ("Common Hard," 92 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 1175 10550 9.6 12.1 0.79

2 1025 8270 16.5 18.6 .89

3 1100 7760 12.6 15.0 .84

4 ._ 1400 11700 n. 5 13.8 .83

6 915 6030 14.1 15.7 .90 Avg 1125 8860 12.9 15.0 0. 85

0. 10 (B) F 38c (B) F 22c (B)

0. 09 (B)

. 00 (B)

Plant 144, grade 2 ("Select," 25 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 1290 11050 12.3 14.9 0. 83 0. 00 (B)

2 1155 11550 12.4 14.8 .84 . 09 (B)

3__. 1070 11150 12.3 14.6 .84 .09 (B)

4 1710 15600 8.4 10.8 .78 . 00 (B)

5 1700 14800 9.

1

12.0 .76 . 29 (B) Avg 1385 12830 10.9 13.4 0. 81 0. 09 (B)

Plant 144, grade 3 ("Salmon," 8 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 395 4950 19.0 2L4 0. 89 F 24c 2 315 3780 19.4 21.7 .89 F 24c

3 295 2720 19.9 21.9 .91 F 10c

4_.. 285 2530 19. 7 21.9 .90 F 10c 5 365 4030 19.5 22.0 .89 F I2c Avg 330 3600 19.5 21.8 0.90 F 16c

Plant 40, grade 3 ("Pale hard," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 610 8410 12.7 17.4 0. 73 0. 19 (B)

2 525 9600 11.9 16.8 .71 . 22 (B)

2 970 10250 12.0 17.5 .69 . 33 (B)

4 1095 8890 12.2 17.3 .71 . 51 (B)

5 970 9580 11.6 16.6 .70 . 33 (B) Avg 835 9350 12.1 17.1 0.71 0. 32 (B)

Plant 40, grade 4 ("Soft," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 205 3050 16.2 2L7 0.75 0. 71

2 235 2870 17.0 21.8 .78 .76

3 425 2940 15.9 21.4 .74 .66

4 405 3330 16.0 21.2 .75 .57

5 350 3020 15.8 21.5 .73 1.52 Avg 325 3040 16.2 21.5 0. 75 0.84

Plant 89, grade 1 ("Hard," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C)

1 2420 8300 7.2 10.2 0. 71 0. 25 (B)

2 2030 9410 6.0 9.3 .65 .24 (B)

3 1990 7540 6.5 9.6 .68 . 23 (B)

4 1550 6890 6.0 8.7 .69 .80 (B)

5 2880 10950 3.1 5.8 .63 . 80 (B)

6 1650 8690 6.8 9.6 .71 . 24 (B)

7 3060 12650 3.4 6.0 .57 . 15 (B)

8 2250 9640 6.7 9.6 .70 . 33 (B)

9 1900 9400 7.6 10.6 .72 1. 29 (B)

10 2170 9140 5.9 9.0 .66 0.00 (B) Avg 2190 9250 6.9 8.8 0.66 0.43 (B)

Plant 89, grade 2 ("Medium hard," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, 0)

Avg (5)_ 1595 8400 8.6 11.3 0.76 Not tested

Plant 89, grade 3 ("Soft," percentage of kiln unknown, SC, C)%

1 1066 4280 14.4 17.0 0. 85 0. 21 0. 21 (54c) 2 776 3910 15.6 18.3 .85 F 51c

3._ _ 875 4130 16.4 18.3 .84 2. 10 2. 10 (54c) 4 730 4570 14.9 17.4 .86 0. 41 0. 92 (64c) 6 840 4290 14.9 16.4 .91 F 48c

6 840 4910 13.7 16.4 .84 0. 18 0. 27 (54c) 7 700 4020 15.8 18. 5 .85 4. 35 4. 36 (54c) 8 865 4070 15.2 18.1 .84 0.47 0. 47 (54c) 9 995 4590 16.3 17.4 .88 0.42 . 63 (54c) 10 700 2870 16.8 19.1 .83 7. 18 7. 51 (64c) Avg , - 840 4160 16.2 17.7 0. 85

[52]
Table 23.

Properties of bricks produced in KentuckyContinued

Table 24. -Properties of bricks produced in North Carolina

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-lir coU^ immersion

5-hr

boilSaturation coeiBcient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number

of cycles

at failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 90, grade 1 ("No. 1 Hard," 25 percent of kiln, SM, C)

lb/in.

2

Ib/in.^ % % %

1 1320 9540 9.7 14.8 0.66 0.09 (B)

2 1280 7150 10.8 15.4 .70 .66 (B)

3 1430 7520 11.8 16.6 .71 . 11 (B)

4 1870 9390 9.2 14.5 .63 .19 (B)

5... 1295 8150 10.4 15.0 .69 . 17 (B)

6 1500 9590 10.4 15.4 .68 . 30 (B)

1885 7830 9.6 14.7 .65 .09 (B) Avg 1510 8450 10.3 15.2 0.69 0.-23 (B)

Plant 90, grade 2 ("No. 2 Hard," HO percent of kiln, SM, 0)

Avg (7). 1605 8650 11.2 1,5.9 0. 71 Not tested

Plant 90, grade 3 ("Medium," 2.5 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (7)_ 1665 7560 12.6 16.8 0. 75 Not tested

Plant 184, grade 1 ("Common hard," 90 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 790 5020 12.5 14.3 0.87 0. 00 (B)

2 865 5350 n.8 13.9 .85 . 11 (B)

990 5450 14.2 16.2 .88 .00 (B)

4 655 4320 11.7 13.2 .89 . 10 (B)

5 810 4060 9.3 11.9 .78 . no (B) Avg 820 4840 11.9 13.9 0. 85 0. 04 (B)

Plant 184, grade 2 ("Medium," 10 percent of kiln, DP, C)

1 555 3560 16.5 18.6 0.89 0. 21 (B1

) 400 3550 18.5 20.0 .93 . 70 (B)

3 270 2730 17.8 19.9 .89 . 20 (B)

4 470 4900 16.8 19.2 .88 . 11 (B)

660 1800 13.0 15.0 .87 .21 (B) Xve 470 3910 16.5 18.5 0.89 0. 29 (B)

Plant 200, grade 1 ("Kiln run hard," 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)_ 1320 8940 1L5 17.9

1

0. 03 Not tested

Plant 200, grade 2 ("Face Reds," percentage of kiln unknown, SM, C)

Avg (5)

.

1400 8230 13.0 18.6 0.70 Not tested

Plant 200, grade 3 ("Face, mingled shades," percentage of kiln unknown, SM. C)

Avg (5). 1390 10540

1 11.4 17.1 0.07 Not tested

Plant 200, grade 4 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 310 2380 18. 1 24.9 0. 73 0. 73 (B)

0 305 2490 18.5 25.4 .76 . 64 (B)

3 090 4870 16.4 22. 2 .74 .38 (B)

4 570 3300 17.6 212 .73 . 73 (B)

5 840 4950 16.7 22.0 .76 .32 (B) Avg 555 3000 17.5 23.7 0. 73 0. 5f. (B)

[The samples submitted represented bricks made from surface clay or

shale and formed by the stifT-mud, side-cut and end-cut processes. The report by Greaves- Walker and Fontaini'. [10] provides a much more

complete survey of the properties of North Carolina bricks]

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-hr

cold im- mersion5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 91, grade 1 ("Common," 75 percent of kiln, EC, C)

lb/in.' Avg (6) . 1060

tb/in.' 3580 %

7.4 %12.2 0.61 %

Not tested

Plant 112, grade 1 ("Common," 90 percent of kiln, EC, S)

Avg (0) .

! 1330

1 6450 10.1 13.6 0.74 Not tested

Plant 119, grade 1 ("Hard," 40 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1_„-

2._.

3--._

4....

6..._ Avg,

3100 3200

2600

2000

2410

2675

9390

11400 7910

10370 7730

4.

1

n.6

12.0

10.3

1.5.3

5.5

11.5

13.5

12.1

17.

1

9360 10.3 11.9 0.84

0.74

.83

0. 00 (B)

. on (B)

. 10 (B)

.38 (B) F 45c (B)

Plant 119, grade 2 ("Light hard," 55 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 1915 6330 16.

1

18.1 0.89 0. 10 (B)

2 2090 7150 17.9 19.9 .90 . 00 (B)

3 1730 6700 17.5 19.8 .88 F 34c (B)

4 1470 6720 17.7 19.2 .92 0. 20 (B)

5 1935 7090 16.6 18.2 .91 . 00 (B) Avg 1830 6800 17.2 19.0 0.90

Plant 119, grade 3 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 205 5060 20.

1

21.6 0.93 F 44c

2- -_ 260 5100 20.7 23. 2 .89 0.25

3 1245 4970 20.7 22.7 .91 F 40c

4 765 3000 24.4 26.

1

.93 F 45c

5 1115 3310 22.2 23. 7 .94 F 25c

6 1150 4600 21.9 23.6 .93 0.24 Avg 1070 4360 21.7 23.5 0. 92

Plant 166, grade 1 ("100 percent, kiln run," EC, C)

Avg1280 960

1675 1425

1255

1680

1545

1545

1800

1265

1470

1410 1540

905 930

1380

3470

3860

3490

4090 3810

4350

3980

4070

3610

3570

3810

3910 3570

3390 2700

3710

10.6

12.0 12.4

12.2

12.7

12.3

11.7

11.9

12.0

11.9 12.7

12.8

14.3

15.0 16.7

12.8

15.7

16.5

16. 7 17.2

16.6 16.2

16.8

16.4

16. 5 15.9 18.5 18.2

18.8 19.2

20.7

0. 68 .73 .74

.71 .76

.76

.70

.73

.73

17. 3 0. 74

0.40

.25

.26

.11 .19

.10

.10

.00

.10 .20

.11 .20 .20

. 10 .40

0. 18

[53]
Table 26.

Properties of bricks -produced in Virginia

and the District of Columbia

[The samples from Virginia and the District of Columbia represent bricks made from surface clay or shale and formed by the soft-mud. dry-press

or the stifT-mud, side-cut process. The report by Whittemore and Dear

[11] gives a quite complete survey of the properties of Virginia brick, including freezing and thawing results at 10 cycles]

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water ab- sorption

48-hr cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 71, grade 1 ("All hard red common," 100 percent of kiln, SC, C)

12

3

4

5Avg

lb/in J

1750

1570 1570

1190 1920

IblinJ 6920

5610

4660 4660

5290

%

8.3

9.3

11. 2

12.

1

10.

%

10.8

11.7

13.3

14. 2 12.1

0. 77

.80 .84

.85 .83

%

0. 25 (B)

. 08 (B)

. 16 (B)

. 25 (B)

.08 (B)

1600 5430 10.2 12.4 0. 82 0. 16 (B)

Plant 72, grade 1 ("Common," 98 percent of kiln, SC, C)

12

3

4

5__ Avg

1720

1900

1525 850

680

12550

10000

10750 6630

4100

6. 2 6.0

7.8

10.

1

18.2

8.9 9.2

10.4

13.4 20.2

0.70

.65 .75

.75 .90

0. 18 (B)

. 08 (B)

.09 (B)

. 19 (B) F 12e (B)

1335 8810 9. 7 12.4 0.75

Plant 72, grade 2 ("Sand finish face," 98 percent of kiln, SC. S)

Avg (5). 1705 14840 6.4 9.1 0.69 Not tested

Plant 72, grade 3 ("Wire cut face," 98 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5) - 1620 11240 7.8 10.8 0. 71 Not tested

Plant 93, grade 1 ("Clinkers," 5 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 3240 17400 0.7 1.9 0. 37 0. 15 2 1840 17350 .8 1.6 .50 .16

3 2570 11200 2. 1 4.5 .47 .21

4 2760 13000 1.9 3.9 .49 .31

5 2700 19800 2.0 4.5 .44 .24

6 3370 16000 1. 5 3.

1

.48 .08 Avg 2745 15780 1.5 3. 2 0. 46 0. 23

Plant 93, grade 2 ("Hard," 60 percent of kiln, SC, S)

1 2770 16000 1.9 3.8 0.50 0. 76

2 2780 15,500 2.7 4.3 . 63 .23

3 3050 17200 2.6 4.5 .58 .07

4 2870 12200 3.3 5.5 .60 .07

5 2510 13000 4.

1

6.1 .67 Not tested

6 2420 12150 4.4 6.3 .70 0.00 Avg 2735 14340 3.2 5.1 0.61 0. 23

Plant 93, grade 3 ("Medium," 30 percent of kiln, SC, S)

Avg (6)

.

2190 11300 5.4 7.2 0. 75 Not tested

Plant 93, grade 4 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SC, S) %

1 1340 6810 12.1 14.1 0.86 F 49c

2 1370 5800 12.2 14.1 .87 0.38 0. 46 (54c) 3 1415 5850 12.4 14.1 .88 .75 1. 05 (54c) 4 1510 7290 12.3 14.2 .87 .63 4. 27 (64c) 5 1710 6540 10.8 12.8 .84 .56 0. 63 (54c) 8 1265 7100 11.6 13.3 .87 .96 7. 24 (54c) Avg 1435 6560 11.9 13.8 0.86 2. 73 (54c)

Table 25.

Properties of bricks produced in Virginia

and the District of Columbia—Continued

Water absorption ModSpeci- ulus Com- men of pressive 48-hr number rup- strength cold 5-hr ture im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 113, grade 1 ("Clinker," 5 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Ib/in:- lb/in.

% % %

Avg (5)

.

1640 9050 5.6 8.9 0. 62 Not tested

Plant 113, grade 2 ("Hard," 80 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5) _ 1105 7610 ILl 14.1 0.79 Not tested

Plant 113, grade 3 ("Salmon," 15 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 780 5150 14.6 17.7 0. 82 0.31

655 3860 15.4 17.8 .87 .58

3 650 3980 15.0 17.9 .84 .38

4 875 5990 14.4 16.8 .86 .29

5 405 3720 15.2 17.1 .89 F 6o Avg 675 4540 14.9 17.5 0. 86

Plant 123, grade 1 ("Arch," 10 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1__.

2._„.

3__.. 4___

Avg

830

930

1405

1060

1515

1150

7240

7290 7250

7270

7070

7220

4.2

6.1 4.9

5.0

6.1

5.3

8.4

7.3

7.1 9.2

7.7

0.64

.73 .67

.70

.66

0.68

0. 48 (B)

.62 (B)

.49 (B)

.14 (B)

.41 (B)

0. 43 (B)

Plant 123, grade 2 ("Hard," 70 percent 3f kiln, SC, C)

Avg (6)

.

1045 7220 9.8 12.

1

0.80 Not tested

I lant 12;i, grade 3 ("Salm m," 20 percent of kiln, SC, 0)

l.___ 2

4.._.

5._.. Avg

405

215 865

700 415

520

2170

1470

3850

4830

2040

2870

21.2 2L5

15.0 14.2 20.7

18.5

22.9 22.8

17.0

16.5 22.7

20.4

0.93

.94 F 2c F 2c F 29c

8. 90 F 2c

Plant 123, grade 4 ("Hand made—small," percentage of kiln unknown' SM, C)

1 1005 3780 10.7 15.0 0. 71 0. 43 (B)

2 805 2950 U.8 16.2 .73 1. 19 (B)

3 585 3340 9.9 14.6 .68 0. 67 (B)

4 640 3070 11.

1

15.4 .72 . 74 (B)

5 485 3430 10.8 15.9 .68 . 64 (B) Avg 705 3310 10.9 15.4 0.70 0. 73 (B)

Plant 123, grade 6 ("Hand made—large," percentage of kiln unknown,

SM, C)

1 700 2800 15.1 19.5 0. 77 1.35 (B)

2 500 2950 14.8 18.7 .79 0. 46 (B)

3 500 2510 15.7 20.0 .79 . 76 (B)

4 610 2500 16.8 20.1 .79 .87 (B)

5 745 2720 14.9 19.9 .75 . .50 (B) Avg 610 2700 15.3 19.6 0.78 0. 79 (B)

[54]
Table 25.

Properties of bricks produced in Virginia

and the District of Columbia—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

Water absorption

48-hr

cold 5-hr im- boil- mer- ing

sion

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 135, grade 1 ("Arch," 20 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Ib/in.' lb/in.' % % %

1 1010 8890 6.3 9.8 0. 64 0.08 (B)

2 1175 9600 6.2 10.0 .62 . 08 (B)

3_. 1175 12280 5.7 9.0 .63 .09 (B)

4 1270 10450 5.8 9.4 .62 . 12 (B)

5 1560 9550 6.1 9.

1

.67 . 00 (B) Avg 1240 10150 6.0 9.5 0.64 0.07 (B)

Plant 135, grade 2 ("Red," 70 percent of kiln, SM, C)

Avg (5)- 1335 10160 7.8 10.8 0.73 Not tested

Plant 135, grade 3 ("Salmon," 10 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1. 1115 6940 11.1 14.0 0.79 0.00

2 1025 6940 11.1 13.6 .82 .10

3 775 6570 11.7 14.2 .82 .10

4 935 6520 12.2 15.0 .81 .28

5 935 6430 12.3 14.7 .84 .29 Avg 955 6680 11.7 14.3 0. 82 0. 15

Plant 158, grade 1 ("Hard," 95 percent of kiln, SO, C)

1 805 9400 6.7 9.4 0. 71 0.22

2 930 6720 5.0 7.7 .65 .27

3 925 5200 9.0 11.2 .80 .32

4 1030 6450 5.5 8.6 .64 .30

5 1160 6120 9.6 12.0 .80 .48 Avg 970 6780 7.2 9.8 0. 72 0.32

Plant 158, grade 2 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 520 2580 16.3 17.7 0.92 F 18c

2 495 2230 16.3 18.2 .90 F 12c

3 465 2620 16.

1

18.3 .88 1.94

4 395 3230 16.3 18.2 .89 0. 87

5 .. __ ^ 435 2920 16.6 17.6 .94 .88 Avg 460 2720 16.3 18.0 0. 91

Plant 159, grade 1 ("Sand finished face. ' 90 percent of kiln, SM, C)

1 480 2460 12.1 17.8 0.68 0. 19

2 390 3160 12.8 18.0 .71 .51

3 235 3100 12.1 18.

1

.67 .32

4 475 2240 11.2 18.0 .62 .39

5 515 1655 13.1 18.5 .71 .45

6 410 1665 13.7 19.

1

.72 .78

7 700 2690 11.4 17.2 .66 .25

8 565 2750 12.9 18.3 .71 .39

9._ _ 745 2760 11.6 17.3 .67 .09

10 620 2500 12.0 17.5 .69 .37

11 750 2600 11.5 17.5 .66 .18

12_ 435 2770 13.7 19.0 .72 .39

13 220 1180 14.5 19.6 .74 .60

14 285 2540 13.4 19.3 .69 .40

15 180 1105 14.9 20.

1

.74 1.50 Avg 465 2340 12.7 18.4 0.69 0. 47

Table 25.—Properties of bricks produced in Virginia

and the District of Columbia—Continued

Speci- men

number

Modulus Comof pressive rup- strength

ture

V/ater absorption

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 159, grade 2 ("Kiln run common," 95 percent of kiln, SC. C)

lb/in.- Iblin.i % % %

1 1410 9100 3.5 6.7 0.52 0. 14 2 1525 14950 1.6 3.2 .50 .11

3 1975 13600 1.8 3.2 .56 .07 4 1815 10000 3.1 6.3 .49 .07

5 1420 9390 4.8 7.6 .63 . 14 6 1560 7120 4.9 7.5 .65 .23

7.. 1745 8540 5.5 8.5 .65 . 14 8— 1315 9790 7.3 10.4 .70 .14 9 1335 8610 6.9 10.0 .69 .21 10 1215 8160 6.8 10.4 .55 .22

11 1130 11200 6.7 10.0 .67 .32 12 1500 7260 6.1 9.3 .66 .06

13 930 8960 9.8 12. 5 .78 .28

14 1220 7530 9.4 12.3 .76 .13

15 520 4450 12.8 15.2 .84 1.22 Avg 1375 9240 6.1 8.9 0. 05 0.23

Plant 159, grade 2A ("Second sample (1936) of grade 2")

(24-hr) 1 445 3050 11.7 15.

1

0. 78 0. 99

2 595 7900 8. 2 11.0 .75 .36

3- - 460 3960 9.8 12.9 .76 .48 4 - 280 4450 9.4 12.5 .75 .88

5 415 3650 10.2 13. 5 .76 1. 30

6 3J5 3360 10.7 13.7 .78 2.63

7 560 3450 9.7 12.9 .75 0. 76 8 485 3420 9.9 13.0 .76 . 58 9 315 2650 12.2 15.3 .80 1.51

10 525 3280 10.8 13.7 .78 0. 97

11 510 4200 10.2 13.0 .78 .90

12 665 5370 7.4 10.7 .68 .32

13 465 4310 10.2 12.9 .79 .46

14 410 4100 10.3 13.

1

.78 .69

15 380 4240 10.3 13.2 .78 1.09

16 515 4550 10.3 13.2 .78 0. 66

17 510 4440 8.5 12. 1 .70 .97

18 520 5270 7.8 11.8 66 .32

19 365 3220 10.8 13.9 .78 1. 16 20 430 3630 10.2 13.1 .78 0.53 Avs 460 4120 9.9 13.0 0. 76 0.87

Plant 159, grade 3 ("Salmon," 5 percent of kiln, SC, C)

1 505 4070 12.6 14.4 0.87 2.08 2 480 3240 13.0 15.4 .84 0. 95

3 535 3840 13.3 15.8 .84 1.17 4 685 4340 13.3 15.8 .84 0.94

5 760 4550 13.8 15.6 .88 P 15c Avg 595 4010 13.2 15.4 0. 85

Plant 162, grade 1 ("Arch," 20 percent of kiln, SDP. Ci

1 1600 10000 3.3 5.7 0.58 0. 19 2 720 5170 7.8 9.7 .80 .39

3 780 6000 7.

1

9.3 .76 .32

4 725 5020 8.8 10.8 .82 .40

5 700 5140 9.0 11.0 .82 .33 Avg 905 6270 7.2 9.3 0.76 0.33

Plant 162, grade 2 ("Body," 60 percent of kiln, SDP, C)

1 995 5720 10.2 12.4 0.82 0. 18 2 715 4980 10. 2 12.

1

.84 .56

3 725 5360 10.0 11.9 .84 .70

4 320 4500 11.

1

13.3 .83 .62

5 650 4040 10.

7

12.9 .83 .80 Avg 680 4920 10.4 12.5 0.83 G. 57

[55]
Table 25.

Properties of bricks produced in Virginia

and the District of Columbia—Continued

ModWater ab- sorption Saturation

coeffi- cient

Weight

loss at 51 cycles or number of cycles at

failure

Speci- men

number

ulus

of rupture

Compressive strength

48-hr cold im- mersion

5-hr

boil- ing

Results beyond

51 cycles

Plant 162, grade 3 ("Salmon," 20 percent of kiln, SDP, C)

1

lb/in.

29,1

lb/in.- 3400 %

16.

1

%

17.6 0. 92

.89 %

r loc

2 405 3410 15.9 17.8 F 48c

3 395 3980 14.

1

15. 7 .90 1.08

4_ 365 3250 17.0 17.9 .95 F 3c

5 185 2850 16.4 17.8 .92 F 3c Avg 330 3380 15.9 17.4 0. 92

Plant 192, grade 1 ("Rough," 20 percent of kiln, SC. C)

Avg (5). 17.30 11470 5.0 8.9 0.56 Not tested

Plant 192, grade 2 ( "Common red," 50 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5). 1340 9450 9.8 12.8 0.76 Not tested

[21 J

Plant 192, grade 3 ("Textured face," 30 percent of kiln, SC, C)

Avg (5)_ 1000 9050 8.4 12.

1

0.68 Not tested

Plant 228, grade 1 ("Common," ' (1936) percentage of kiln unknown. DP, 0)

(24-hr)

1 465 4450 10.9 1.3.7 0.80 0.52

2 445 3790 10.9 13.8 .78 .27

3 275 3050 1.3. 5 16.8 .80 .63

4 470 4870 11. 2 14.5 .78 .34

5 380 3550 12.8 15.4 .83 .81

6 . 425 3550 11.0 13.9 .80 .51

7 450 4520 10.8 13. 7 .79 .45

8 365 3260 12.9 15. 6 .83 1. 24

9 355 3150 12.6 16. 2 .78 0.57

10 275 4330 12.3 15.3 .81 .51

11 390 4550 12.3 14. 6 .84 .58

12 475 4360 10. 5 13.5 .78 .26

13 410 3400 11. 7 14.4 .81 .30

14 460 3480 11.5 14.6 .79 .38

15 380 4620 11.2 13.9 .80 .36

16 480 4280 12.2 15. 1 .80 ..38 17 380 3360 13.7 16.4 .84 .88

18 315 4000 12.2 14.3 .86 .47

19 520 5200 10.7 13.6 .79 .21 20 415 4860 10.9 13.9 .78 .37 Avg 410 40.30 11.8 14.6 0. 81 0.50

Plant 228, grade 2 ("Salmon," (1936) percentage of kiln unknown, DP, C)

(24-hr) %

1 300 2940 14.5 17. 2 0.84 0.89 1. 28 (75c) 2 310 2940 14.4 17. 3 .84 .64 0. 92 f75c)

3- 280 2890 14. 5 17. 2 .84 .54 . 63 (75c) 4 180 4000 12.6 14.9 .84 .56 . 75 (75e) 5 285 2980 15.0 17.7 .85 .81 . 99 (75c)

6 180 1620 16.8 20. 2 .84 1.55 1. 99 (75c) 7 305 3280 13.8 16. 2 .85 0.70 0. 87 (75e) 8 400 3240 14.

1

16.6 .85 .45 . .54 (75c) 9 280 2500 15.7 18.4 .86 1. 54 1.91 (75c) 10 275 2650 15.4 18.0 .86 0.76 1.01 (75c) U 270 2880 15. 2 17.8 .86 1. 12 1. 36 (75c) 12 225 2180 16.7 19. 5 .86 2. 93 3. 50 (75c) 13 225 3060 15.

1

17.6 .86 0. 87 1. 01 (76c) 14 415 3550 14.

1

16. 4 .86 .47 0. 61 (76c) 15 415 3530 14.3 16. 5 .86 .63 . 72 (750) 16 320 3460 14.4 16.7 .86 .69 .82 (75c)

17 275 2900 15.5 17.9 .86 .79 . 89 (75c) 18 200 2460 16.7 19.3 .86 1. 37 1. 74 (75c) 19 240 2920 15.9 18. 1 .88 1.43 1. 86 r75c) 20 475 3720 13.7 15.8 .87 0. 64 0. 68 (75e) Avg 295 2980 14.9 17.5 0.86 0.97 1. 21 (75c)

C. E. Lovewell, W. W. Harrison, Gifford

Earnest, D. A. Parsons, E. E. W. Bowen, G. P. Ransom, C. B. Affleck, A. R. Eberle, R. H.

Brink, I. Bachman, H. Dollar, and E. C.

Patrick assisted in the laboratory work and in making calculations at various times. Special

acknowledgment is made to the staff of the

Common Brick Manufacturers Association of

America and to the staff of its successor, The

Structural Clay Products Institute, for their

aid in collecting samples and securing information from the industry.

V. SELECTED REFERENCES

[I] J. W. McBurney and C. E. Lovewell, Strength water absorption, and weather resistance of building

bricks produced in the United States, Proc. Am.

Soc. Testing Materials 33, pt. 2, 636 (1933). W. McBurney, The relation offreezing-and-thawing

resistance to physical properties of clay and shale building brick, Proc. Am. Soc. Testing Materials

35, pt. 2, 247 (1935).

[3] Tentative Specifications for Building Brick (Made

from Clay or Shale) C 62-39, Am. Soc. Testing

Materials Standards, pt. 2, 916 (1939).

[4] Weathering Properties of Building Brick (TIBM

57) ; Technical Information on Building Materials

for Use in the Design of Low-Cost Housing,

published by the National Bureau of Standards, Dec. 3, 1937.

[5] J. W. McBurney and A. R. Eberle, Freezing-andthawing tests for building brick, Proc. Am. Soc. Testing Materials 38, pt. 2, 470 (1938).

[6] Standard Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick

(Modulus of Rupture, Compressive Strength,

Absorption) C 67-39, Am. Soc. Testing Materials Book of Standards, pt. 2, 104 (1939).

[7] Tentative Method of Freezing-and-Thawing Test of Brick. C 67-39 T. Am. Soc. Testing Materials Book of Standards, pt. 2, 930 (1939).

[8] E. H. Beckstrand and F. C. French, Tests of Brick, Bui. No. 1 University of Utah (September 1908)

.

[9] Ira C. Williams, Strength Tests of Oregon Building

Brick, Trans. Am. Ceramic Soc. 17, 660 (1915).

[10] A. F. Greaves-Walker and J. Fontaine, Tests of Face and Common Brick Manufactured in North Carolina, State College Record 37 (August 1928).

[II] J. W. Whittemore and P. S. Dear, Physical Properties of Common and Face Brick Manufactured

in Virginia, Virginia Polytech. Inst. Eng. Exp.

Sta. Series Bui. No. 6 (1930). Washington, June 14, 1940.

o

[56]


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[List continued on cover page iv]
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Bricks Produced in the United States 150