### BUCKHOLZTRAFFIC 3585KORIROAD JACKSONVILLE,FLORIDA32257 (904) 886-2171 jwbuckholz@aol.com

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### ; "'

July 17, 2015

U.S. DepartmentofTransportation, Docket Operations West BuildingGround Floor, Room w12-140 1200 NewJerseyAvenue, S.E. Washington, DC 20590 

### Jeffrey·w. Buckholz,.PhD,· P .E., PTOE President, JW BuckholzTraffic Engineering Inc. (dba Buckholz Traffic) 3585 Kori Road Jacksonville, Florida 32257 (904) 886-2171
RE: Exemption Request underSection 333 ofthe FAA Modernization and ReformActof2012 and 14C.F.R. Part 11

Dear FAA:
Buckholz Traffic, pursuant to section 333 ofthe FAA Modernization and Reform Act of2012 ("FAA Reform Act") and 14C.F.R. Part 11 respectfully requests exemptionsfrom several provisionsofthe Federal Aviation Regulations ("FAR"), specifically Section 333 which authorizesthe FAAto determine:


### 1. Ifcertain unmanned aircraft systems, ifany, as a result oftheirsize, weight, speed, operational capability,

proximityto airports and populated areas, and operation within visual line ofsight do not create a hazard to users ofthe national airspace system orthe public or pose athreatto national security; and
2. Whether a certificate ofwaiver, certificate of authorization, or airworthiness certification under section 44704 oftitle49, United States Code, is required forthe operation ofunmanned aircraftsystems identified ·under paragraph (1)

..... 1 ··, . · ·, , • .- 

### Iam writingto requestthat BuckholzTraffic be exempted from the Federal Aviation Regulations ("FARs") listed below so that Buckholz Traffic may operate a small unmanned aircraft systems ("UAS") commercially in airspace regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") as long as such operations are conducted within and under the conditions outlined herein oras maybe established bythe FAA as required by Section 333.
Over the past 26 years, Buckholz Traffic has been actively involved in the design, installation, fine-tuning and evaluation oftraffic improvement projects throughout Florida and Georgia including the retiming ofmanysignalized arterials. One important capability that we have been lacking is the capability to review the effects of our traffic

### changes from the air. We have tried small planes and helicopters (I am a licensed private pilotfor both) but no low altitude cost-effective solution has been found until small UAS's became available.
Our exemption request would permit our operation of lightweight, unmanned (remotely controlled in line ofsight) UAS's to monitortraffic operations. Similar lightweight, remote controlled UAS's are legally operated by amateurs with no flight experience, safety plan orcontrols in place to preventan incident. Granting our request comports with the Secretary ofTransportation's (FAA Administrator's) responsibilities to not only integrate UAS's intothe national airspace system, butto"

... establish requirementsforthesafe operation ofsuch aircraftsystems [UAS's] in the national airspace system" underSection 333 ofthe Reform Act. Furthermore, Buckholz Traffic will conduct its operations in compliance with the protocols described herein or as otherwise established by the FAA.

The ExtentofRelief BuckholzTraffic Seeks and the Reason ItSeeks Such Relief:
We submitthisapplication in accordancewiththe Reform

### Act, 112 P.L. 95 §§

### 331-334, seeking relieffrom anycurrently applicable FAR's operating to prevent contemplated Buckholz Traffic commercial UAS flight operations within the national airspace system. The Reform Act in Section 332 provides for such integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into our national airspace system as it is in the public's interestto do so.
Our lightweight UAS's meet the definition of "small unmanned aircraft" as defined in Section 331 and therefore the integration of our lightweight UAS's are expressly contemplated by the Reform Act. Buckholz Traffic would like to operate its lightweight UAS's priorto the time period by which the Reform Act requires the FAA to promulgate rules governing such craft. The Reform Act guides the Secretary in determiningthe types of UAS's that may operate safely in our national airspace system
112 P.L. 95 § 

### 333 (a). BuckholzTraffic intends on using commercially available Phantom 3 quadcopters manufactured by DJI. This UAS uses multi counter-rotating propellers for extreme balance, control and stability. Each UAS weighs less than 55 pounds, including camera orotherequipment and each UAS is designed to primarily hover in place and operate at less than a 50 knot maximum speed. They are capable of both vertical and horizontal operations but operate onlywithinthe line ofsight ofthe remote control pilot. Utilizing battery powerand notcombustible fuels, flights generally last between five and twenty minutes.
BuckholzTraffic does notoperate its UAS's within 5 nautical miles ofan airport reference point denoted on acurrent FAA-published aeronautical chart unless a letterofagreementwiththe airport's management is obtained, and unless such operations are conducted in accordance with a NOTAM. The letterofagreement with the airport management will be made available to the Administrator upon request. Also, Buckholz traffic does notoperate within prohibited or restricted airspace.
Buckholz Traffic operation of its small unmanned aircraft will not "create a hazard to users ofthe national airspace system orthe public." 112 P. L. 95 § 

### 3 3 3 (b). Given the small size and weightofour UAS's, BuckholzTrafficfalls within Congress's contemplated safety zone when it promulgated the Reform Act and the corresponding directive to integrate UAS's intothe national airspace system. BuckholzTraffic's UAS's do notpose anythreattothegeneral public or national security. The FAA has the authority to issue the exemption to Buckholz Traffic pursuant to the Federal Aviation

### Act, 85 P.L. 726 (1958), as amended (the "Act").Commercial and Public Benefits 

### Granting BuckholzTrafficexemption requestfurthersthe public interest. First, Congress has already pronounced that itis in the public's interestto integratecommerciallyflown UAS's intothe national airspace system, hence the passing ofthe Reform Act. Second, Buckholz Traffic is involved with publictransportation projects that improve mobilityfor all citizens. Just one example isthe optimum timingoftrafficsignals which, as manyengineeringstudies have shown, substantially reducesvehicle travel times, motorist delay, energy consumption and green-house gas emissions.
Reasons Why HCDO Exemption Will Not Adversely Affect Safety Or How The Exemption Will Provide a level of Safety At least Equal To Existing, Rule:


### Buckholz Traffic UAS's weigh less than 55 pounds complete with cameras.
Buckholz Traffic onlyoperates its UAS's below400 feet;
Buckholz Traffic UAS's only operate for 5-20 minutes perflight;
Buckholz Traffic UAS's always operate within visual line ofsight
Buckholz Traffic always obtains all necessary permissions and permits priorto operation;
Buckholz Traffic provides a level of safety at least equal to existing rules. It is important to note that, absent the integration of commercial UAS's into our national airspace system, helicopters are the primary means of semistationaryaerial review. Whilethesafety record ofsuch helicoptersisgood, itisfarsafertooperateabatterypowered lightweight UAS. First, the potential loss oflife is diminished because UAS's carry no people on board. Second, there is no fuel on board a UAS and thus the potential forfire orexplosions is greatly diminished. Third, the small size and extreme maneuverability ofa UAS allows pilotsto avoid hazards. Lastly, given theirsmall size and weight, even when close enoughto providethe needed surveillance, BuckholzTraffic UAS's need not be physically close tothetrafficflow thatthey are monitoring. Summarythe FAA may publish in the Federal Register:


### 14 C.F.R. 21 and 14 C.F.R. 91: Airworthiness Certificates, Manuals and the Like. 14 C.F.R. 21, Subpart H, entitled Airworthiness Certificates, sets forth requirementsfor procurementofnecessaryairworthiness certificates in relation to FAR§ 91.203(a)(l).The size, weightand enclosed operational area ofBuckholzTraffic UAS's permits exemptionfrom Part 21 because BuckholzTraffic UAS's meet an equivalent level ofsafety pursuantto Section 333 ofthe Reform Act. The FAA is authorized to exempt aircraft from the airworthiness certificate requirement under both the Act (49 U.S. C.§44701 (f)) and
A. Section 333 of the Reform Act. Both pieces of legislation permit the FAA to exempt UAS's from the airworthiness certificate requirement in consideration of the weight, size, speed, maneuverability and proximity to areas such as airports and prohibited or restricted air space. Buckholz Traffic's intended UAS operation meets orexceed each ofthe elements.
14 C.F.R. 91.7 (a) prohibits the operation of an aircraft without an airworthiness certificate. As no such certificate will be applicable in theform contemplated bythe FARs, this regulation is notapplicable.

### 14 C.F.R. § 

### 91.9 (b) (2) requires an aircraft flight manual in the aircraft. As there are no pilots or passengers, and given the size ofthe UAS's, this regulation is inapplicable. An equivalent level ofsafety will be achieved by maintaining a manual at the headquarters of Buckholz Traffic. The FAA has previously issued exemptions to this regulation in Exemption Nos. 

### 8607, 8737, 8738, 9299, 9299A, 9565, 95658, 10167, 10167A, 10602, 10700and 32827. 5
14C.F.R. §91.121 regardingaltimetersettings is inapplicable insofaras BuckholzTraffic UAS's utilizeelectronic global positioning systems and internal gyroscopesto provide spatial coordination. 14C.F.R. §91.203 (a) and (b) provides for the carrying of civil aircraft certifications and registrations. They are not applicable for the same reasons described above. The equivalent level of safety will be achieved by maintaining such certifications and registrations atthe headquarters ofBuckholzTraffic.
B. 14C.F.R. §45.23: MarkingoftheAircraft.Applicable Codes ofFederal Regulation require aircraftto be marked according to certain specifications. Buckholz Traffic UAS's are, by definition, unmanned. They therefore do not have acabin, cockpit or pilotstation on which to mark certain words or phrases. Furthermore, two inch letteringis difficultto place on such small aircraft.The FAA has previouslyissued exemptionstothis regulation through Exemptions Nos. 8738, 10167, 10167Aand 10700.
C. 14C.F.R. §61.113: Private Pilot Privilegesand Limitations. PIC Pursuantto 14C.F.R. §§ 61.113 (a) & 

### (b), private pilots are limited to non-commercial operations. Buckholz Traffic can achieve an equivalent level ofsafety as achieved by current Regulations because our UAS's do not carry any pilots or passengers. Furthermore, the risks attendant to the operation of Buckholz Traffic UAS's is far less than the risk levels inherent in the commercial activities outlined in 14C.F.R. §61, etseq.
D. 14 C.F.R. 91.119: Minimum Safe Altitudes. 14 C. F. R. § 91.119 prescribes safe altitudes for the operation of civil aircraft. It allows helicopters to be operated at lower altitudes in certain conditions. Buckholz Traffic UAS's will neveroperate at an altitudegreaterthan 400feetAGL. Given thesize, weight, maneuverabilityand speed of BuckholzTraffic UAS's, an equivalent level ofsafetywill be achieved.
E. 14 C.F.R. 91.405 (a); 407 (a) (1); 409 (a) (2); 417(a) 

### & (b): Maintenance Inspections. The above-cited Regulations require, amongst otherthings, aircraftowners and operatorsto "have [the] aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart Eofthis part and shall between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph Cofthis section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part43 ofthis chapter." These Regulations only applyto aircraftwith an airworthiness certificate. They will notapplyto Buckholz Trafficshould its requested exemption be granted. Buckholz Traffic's maintenance program involves regular software updates and constant inspection for assessment ofany damaged hardware. Therefore, an equivalent level ofsafety will be achieved.
F. Summary
Buckholz Traffic seeks an exemption from the following Regulations: 14 C.F.R. 21, subpart H; 14 C.P.R. 45.23(b); 14 C.F.R. §§ 61.113 (a) 

### & (b); 14 C.F.R. § 91.7 (a); 14 C.F.R. § 91.9 (b)(2); 14 C.F.R. § 91.103(b); 14 C.F.R. §91.109; 14C.F.R. §91.119; 14 C.F.R. §91.121; 14C.F.R. §91.151(a); 14C.F.R. §§ 91.203(a) and (b); 14 C.F.R. §91.405 (a); 14C.F.R. §91.407 (a)(1); 14C.P.R.§ 91.409 (a)(2); 14 C.P.R.§ 91.409 (a)(2); and, 14 C.P.R.§§ 91.417 (a) & 

### (b) to commercially operate itsfleet ofsmall lightweight unmanned aircraftvehicles.BuckholzTrafficoperatesatlowaltitudes, awayfrom airports, and outsideofrestricted orprohibited airspace. There are no people on board our UAS's and therefore the likelihood of death or serious bodily injury is significantly limited. Buckholz Traffic operation of its UAS's, which weigh less than 55 pounds and travel at speeds less than 50 knots will provide at least an equivalent level of safety as that achieved under current FARs.
Buckholz Traffic respectfully requests that the FAA grant its exemption request without delay. The FAA has the authorityto issue the exemption sought by Buckholz Traffic pursuantto the Federal Aviation Act, 85 P.L. 726 (1958), as amended (the "Act").
Thankyou foryourassistance. Sincerely,

JeffreyW. Buckholz, PhD, P.E., PTOE President and Chief Engineer
Private Pilot Certificate Number3431513 (904) 886-2171 jwbuckholz@aol.com1,



### JEFFREYW. BUCKHOLZ,PhD,P.E.,PTOE ChiefTransportationEngineer I

### BUCKHOLZTRAFFIC jwbuckholz@aol.com (904) 886-2171 

### Dr. Buckholz is a senior level traffic engineer with 37 years of wide ranging experience in the transportation profession, including technical and administrative head ofhis own consulting engineering firm for 26 years. His experience includes transportation planning and traffic impact analysis, highway capacity analysis, work zone design, roadway signing and pavement marking design, advanced signal system design, ITS design, traffic signal construction, and traffic signaltiming. Dr. Buckholz is capable ofhandling all phases ofa transportation project, from data collection and conceptual planning through traffic impact analysis and detailed roadway, intersection, and signal design. He is an adjunct professor at the University ofNorthFlorida and a court certified expert witness in the field oftraffic engineering. He has also authored three training manuals on traffic signal construction, repair, and inspection for the InternationalMunicipal SignalAssociationas well as tenon-line continuing education courses. D!'. Buckholzis a pdvate pilotwith single engine land, multi-engine land, single engine sea, multiengine sea, rotorcraft and glider ratings. He also has tail wheel, complex, high performance, powered:parachute, gyroplane and weight-shift-control (trike) endorsements and owns a 160 hp 2002 Vans RV-6 tail wheel aircraft. He is past president and past secretary ofthe North Florida Soaring Society. In addition, he is an active participant in the carplane industry and serves as editorofwww.carplanenews.com

Education

.• ! ' UNIVERSITYOFTOLEbO,'Toledo, Ohio: ' Bachelor ofScience in Civil Engineering, MagnaCumLaude, 1976
UNIVERSITY OFCALIFORNIA,Berkeley, California: MasterofScience in Civil Engineering, Transportation Major, 1977
UNIVERSITY OFTOLEDO, Toledo, Ohio: MasterofBusiness**Administration~** 1983
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Postgraduate Studies in Transportation, 1984-1985
UNIVERSITY OFFLORIDA, Gainesville,Florida: Doctor ofPhilosvphyinCivilEngineeiir..g (TransportationMajor, StatisticsMinor), 2007


### Professional Status

• Registered CivilEngineerin Florida, Georgia,·Califomia, Ohio, Michigan and Massachusetts • NCEESNational ProfessionalEngineeringRegistration,Number 53840 • Professional Traffic OperationsEngineer(PTOE) • PastAdjunctProfessor, Universityof NorthFloridaEngineeringDepartment • CertifiedUnlimitedElectrical Contractorin Florida(EC-0001856) and Georgia (ER-101784) • Level IIIIMSA

- Certified·Traffic SignalTechnician • Level III IMSA- Certified Signs &Markings Specialist • Author- IMSALevel I andLevel IITraffic Signal TrainingManual • Author- IMSATraffic SignalIllspectionManual • AuthorofNine On-LineCotitinuingEducation Courses in Traffic Signal Design and Operation • ATSSA Certified for FloridaAdvancedWorkZoneTraffic Control • Fellow- Institute ofTransportationEngineers

### Experience

• JWBUCKHOLZTRAFFICENGINEERING, Consulting Engineers,Jacksonville, Florida • VOLLMERASSOCIATES (now STANTEC), ConsultingEngineers, Boston,Massachusetts • TOLEDOMETROPOLITANAREACOUNCIL OFGOVERNMENTS,Toledo. Ohio • SANDIEGOCOUNTYDEPARTMENTOFTRANSPORTATION, San Diego, California • McDONNELL, PROUDFOOT& ASSOCIATES, ConsultingEngineers, Toledo, Ohio


### Principal publications: Buckholz, JW, ldentify_ing Optimum Lane Configuration Using CMA, PDH Engineer Continuing Education Course, 2015 Buckholz, JW, "Key Characteristics ofaWinning Carplane", Paper Presented at International Road Federation World Meeting, November2013, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Buckholz, JW, Traffic Signal Construction, PDH Engineer Continuing Education Course, 2011 Buckholz, JW, Signal Supports, Indications and Signing, CED Engineering Continuing Education Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, Designing Traffic Signals, CED Engineering Continuing Ed4cation Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, Introduction to Traffic Signals, PDH Engineer Continuing Education Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, Planning forTraffic Signals, PDH Engineer Continuing Education Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, Basic Signal Timing Concepts, PDH Online Continuing Education Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, Traffic Signal Detection Systems, PDH Online Continuing Education Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, The Signal ControllerCabinet, PDH Site Continuing Education Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, Traffic Signal Phasing, PDH Site Continuing Education Course, 2010 Buckholz, JW, "A Proposed Transportation System for ReadableAircraft", Paper Presented at Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, January 2010, Washington, D.C Buckholz, JW, 'Theoretical Bounds for Delay Estimation", Paper Submitted forConsideration at Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, January 2010, Washington, D.C Buckholz, JW, "LOS for Oversaturated Conditions, A Proposed Solution for Signalized Intersections", ITE Journal, January 2009 Buckholz, JWand Courage, KC, "Microscopic and MacroscopicApproaches to Delay Estimation with Oversaturated Conditions", Transportation Research Record No. 2071, Journal oftheTransportation Research Board, 2008 Buckholz, JW, Ph.D. Dissertation, "Real-Time Measurement of Delay at Signalized Intersections", December2007 Buckholz, JW, "DetectorSwitching and Detector Calling", IMSA Journal, Vo. 41, No. 3/03 (May/June 2003) Buckholz, JW, "Clamp-On Single Point Ground Testers", IMSAJournal, March/April2003 Buckholz, JW, "Choosing Intersection Control (Part II- 3 Case Studies)", IMSA Journal, Jan/Feb 2003 Buckholz, JW, "Choosing Intersection Control (Part 1)", IMSAJournal, November/December2002 Buckholz, JW, "The Future ofTraffic Signals", IMSAJournal, September/October2002 Buckholz, JW, "Limitations ofCoordinated Signal Timing Programs", IMSA Journal, July/August 2002 Buckholz, JW, 'Ten Common Deficiencies ofSignalized Intersections", IMSAJournal, May/June 2002 Buckholz, JVV, "CheckTiming Values (Construction Timings)", IMSA Journal, November/December2001 Buckholz, JW, "Fully-Actuated Traffic Signal Control", IMSA Journal, July/August 2001 Buckholz, JW, "Stop Line vs. Upstream Detection (Volume-Density Operation)", IMSA Journal, May/June 2001 Buckholz, JW, "Dilemma Zone Protection", IMSAJournal, March/April 2001 Buckholz, JW, "IMSA Level II Traffic Signal Update (Preventive Maintenance)", IMSAJournal, Jan/Feb 2001 Buckholz, JW, "Lane Discipline in Multi-Lane Roundabouts", IMSAJournal, November/December2000 Buckholz, JW, 'Types of Flashing Operation (LowVolume Flash)", IMSAJournal, July/August 2000 Buckholz, JW, "Improving Driver Education", IMSAJournal, May/June 2000 Buckholz, JW, "The Benefit of Full lime Inspection (Tailored Inspection)", IMSAJournal, March/Apri12000 Buckholz, JW, "Stop Line vs. Upstream DetectionAreas (Right Turn Slip Lanes)", IMSAJournal, Jan/Feb 2000 Buckholz, JW, "Cabinet Grounding", IMSAJournal, November/December 1999 Buckholz, JW, 'The New IMSATraffic Signal Inspection Manual", IMSA Journal, September/October 1999 Buckholz, JW, IMSA**T~affic** Signal Inspection Manual, 1999 Buckholz, JW, 'Travel Time Runs", IMSA Journal, July/August 1999 Buckholz, JW, "Types of Flashing Operation (Yellow/Red vs. Red/Red Flashing)", IMSAJournal, May/June 1999 Buckholz, JW, "Typical Background Cycle Lengths", IMSA Journal, March/April1999Buckholz, JW, "Delay Detection", IMSAJournal, January/February 1999 Buckholz, JW, "LeftTurn Phasing", IMSAJournal, November/December 1998 Buckholz, JW, "Traffic Signal Update (Levell and II Test Summary)", IMSA Journal, September/October 1998 Buckholz, JW, 'Traffic Signal Update (Australia-NewZealand Traffic Control)", IMSAJournal, July/August 1998 Buckholz, JW, "Troubleshooting", IMSAJournal, March/April 1998 Buckholz, JW, "Current", IMSAJournal, January/February 1998 Buckholz, JW, "Maximum UsableArea ofthe Conduit", IMSAJournal, November/December 1997 Buckholz, JW, "CheckTiming Values (Dual Entry)", IMSA Journal, September/October 1997 Buckholz, JW, "New Levell Signal Manual Arrives", IMSA Journal, July/August 1997 Buckholz, JW, IMSA Levell Traffic Signal Training Manual, 1997 Buckholz, JW, "FiberOptic Cable", IMSA Journal, May/June 1997 Buckholz, JW, "Railroad Preemption", IMSAJournal, March/April1997 Buckholz, JW, "Relative Offset", IMSA Journal, January/February 1997 Buckholz, JW, "Basic Signal Timing Concepts", IMSAJournal, November/December 1996 Buckholz, JW, "Required Inductance", IMSAJournal, September/October 1996 Buckholz, JW, "Pedestrian Phasing", IMSA Journal, July/August 1996 Buckholz, JW, "The DetectorTest Panel", IMSAJournal, March/April1996 Buckholz, JW, "MastArm Pole Length", IMSA Journal, January/February1996 Buckholz, JW, !MSA Levell! Traffic Signal Training Manual, 1994 Buckholz, JW, "The 10 Major Pitfalls of Coordinated Signal Timing", ITE Journal, August 1993 Contributed Section 36.14 (Traffic Engineering forthe Criminal DefenseAttorney) to Chapter 36 (Expert Witnesses) of Defense of Drunk Driving Cases: Criminal- Civil, Volume 4, Matthew Bender, 1989 Buckholz, JW, Transportation Resource Decision-Making Framework, University ofCalifornia Institute of Transportation Studies, December 1977 Professional developmentactivities in the lasteightyears: 2014, Public Representativeto Florida Board of Professional Engineer's Rules Committee on Traffic Engineering Attended International Road Federation World Meeting, November2013, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Attended UniversityTransportation Center Southeast Regional Conference, April 2013 Attended Accessible Pedestrian Signal Workshop, March 2013 May 2011 Disciplinary Reviewforthe Florida Board of Professional Engineers (Mobile Gas Station) February 2011 Disciplinary Reviewforthe Florida Board of Professional Engineers (Gateway Greens) Taught IMSATraffic Signal Level I Certification Class, January 2011, Nassau, Bahamas Presented at Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, January2010, Washington, D.C., "A Proposed Transportation System for Readable Aircraft" Attended FOOT Quality and Level ofService Workshop, December2009 Attended Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, January 2009, Washington, D.C. Presented Paper at Penn StateTransportation Engineering and Safety Conference, December2008, State College, Pennsylvania, "Common Deficiencies ofSignalized Intersections" Reviewed Paper Submission for2009 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting: "Three Dimensional Mapping of Inductive Loop Detector Sensitivity Using Field Measurement". Presented at 1oth International Conference on Applications ofAdvanced Technologies in Transportation, May 2008, Athens, Greece, "The Real-Time Estimation of Delay at Signalized Intersections" Reviewed 2 Paper Submissions for 2008 International Conference on Applications of Advar:ced Technologies in Transportation: "Development of Macroscopic Performance Measures from Traffic Simulation", and "Innovative Traffic Signal System for the Intersections of Under-Crossing Freeways in the Southern California Area". Presented at Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, January 2008, Washington, D.C., "Microscopic and MacroscopicApproaches to Delay Estimation with Oversaturated Conditions" Reviewed Paper Submission for2008 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting: "Real-Time Methodsfor QuantifyingArterial Progression Performance". Attended Mid-Year Meeting ofTRB's Highway Capacity Committee in Charlotte, North Carolina, July2007 Attended Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, January 2007, Washington, D.C. Reviewed Paper Submission for2007 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting: "Event Based Data Collection forGenerating Actuated Controller Performance Measures". Attended Transportation Proportionate Fair Share, Concurrency & Financial FeasibilityWorkshop, May 2006 CCEC Symposium, University of North Florida, April 2006, Presented: "Visible and Non-Visible Delay at Signalized Intersections" Presented at Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, January 2006 PhD Progress Report in Transportation Operations and Traffic Control SessionScientific and professional societies ofwhich a member: Institute ofTransportation Engineers- Fellow (membersince 1983) International Municipal Signal Association (membersince 1989) Honors and awards: ESI 6355 Outstanding ProjectAward: "Traffic Signal Simulation", University of Florida, 2004 IMSA Journal Award forJournalistic Excellence, 1997 and 1998 Ohio Citizens Outstanding StudentAward, 1983 Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society, 1975 Academic service: University of North Florida Instructor, Advanced Transportation Engineering, Spring 2005, 2006 and 2007 Instructor, Introduction toTransportation Engineering, Fall 2006 Some projectsforwhich Dr. Buckholz has been the principal investigatorinclude:

o The design of a 36-signal closed loop system for St. Johns County, Florida. A detailed set of plans and an extensive set of special provisionswere developed forthis state-of-the-arttraffic control system which utilizes fiber optic cable for master-to-local communications. Since a large portion ofthe system is within historic St. Augustine, a number of important aesthetic and archeological issues had to be addressed within the plans and specifications.

o Preparation of a long-range transportation planning study to analyze the effect of the LaVilla/Brooklyn development project, a major newdevelopment covering the western portion of Downtown Jacksonville. The Jacksonville Urban Area Transportation System (JUATS) files were updated to reflect land use and network changes associated with the new development. Network changes included freeway ramp closures, road closures, road realignments, and changes in the number of travel lanes. Complete area simulations were executed using the OS/2 version of FSUTMS and daily traffic volume mappings were plotted. AM and PM peak hour traffic flows were derived from the daily flows using peak hour information obtained from downtown traffic counts. The peak hour capacity situation at critical links and intersections was established, deficient areas were identified, and network modifications were recommended.

o ProvidedInspection Services for theInstallation ofOverhead ChangeableMessage Signs andRadarDetection Along 1- 595 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Served as resident engineer on this CMS system, providing services that included: Factory Acceptance Testing, system testing, fiber-optic inspection, power service inspection, and conduit and wiring inspection. The system has 23 full-matrix overhead truss and cantilever mounted signs with fiber-opticflip disk technology. o A transportation planning and access management study for SR 21 (Blanding Boulevard) in Clay County. This study developed future trafficvolumes, identified locations where median closures or modifications were needed, and set the recommended lane configuration at each signalized intersection. Numerous meetings were held so that the results ofthe study could be presented to the Florida Department of Transportation, local officials, and the general public.

o Completed a corridor study to identify the appropriate lane configuration and traffic control along 6 miles of SR 820 (Pines Boulevard) from Interstate 75 to SR 25 (US 27) in Pembroke Pines, Florida. The desired mainline lane configuration, intersection lane configuration, and median arrangement for the 10-year (2006) design horizon were established in this study. Appropriatetraffic signal locationswere also identified.

o Prepared signing plans for 16 State Roads in the Orlando area. The work included the inventory of existing signs, the conversion of all the numerical signs from English to Metric, and the modification of all the substandard non-numerical signs to meet FHWA standards. Design improvements were made with respect to such items as sign legend, clearzone, longitudinal placement, reflectivity, and lettersize. The design work included approximately 1500 signs and resulted in a 400-sheet set of detailed signing plans, included an extensive set ofguide sign worksheets.o The design of a 14-signal closed loop system for SR 21 in Clay County, Florida. A detailed set of plans and special provisions were developed for this system which utilizes fiber optic cable for master-to-local communications. A complete set of signing and pavement marking plans forthe SR 21 corridor were also developed and lane closure calculations were completed.
o A long-range transportation planning study using the St. Johns County FSUTMS model was conducted in support of the conceptual design effort for the County's new "North-South" corridor. Future traffic volumes were established along the corridorand at each major intersection. These design volumes served as a basis for determining the proper lane configuration and traffic control for both the mainline and the intersections. The optimum mainline lane configuration and intersection lane configuration for both the short term (2005) design horizon and the long term (2020) design horizon were established in this study.

o Factory Acceptance Testing of Econolite Controllers in accordance with the requirements of the State of Vermont Agency of Transportation. Over a period of three years, factory acceptance testing of Econolite controllers was conducted at Econolite's east coast assembly facility in Jacksonville, Florida. The controller, conflict monitor, and cabinet were put through an extensive set of operational tests and various electrical measurements were made to ensure proper cabinet construction. A check was also made of all timings, including coordinated timings, to ensure compliance with the plans and specifications.
o A transportation planning study for the US 1 corridor in St. Johns County, Florida. Public participation is a key element of this project with three formal public presentations being provided. Slide presentations with accompanying pre-recorded scripts were used, along with extensive sets of aerial photographs. Press releases and public notices were prepared and mailing lists of adjacent property owners and local officials were developed.
o A retiming project for 18 signals on Roosevelt Blvd. (US 17) in Jacksonville, Florida. Coordinated trafficflow was achieved along this busy corridorwhich carries both downtown commutertraffic and traffic generated by Jacksonville Naval Air Station, the largest employment location in Northeast Florida. Many of the signals along the corridor have railroad preemption and it was necessary to accommodatethe railroad preemption in developing the revised timing plans. The presence of a number of continuous thru lanes along the corridor also required special consideration.

o Served as resident engineer in charge of construction for: a 37-signal fiber optic closed-loop system in St. Johns County, Florida; 32 signals on SR 5 (Main Street) in Jacksonville, Florida; and a 73 signal expansion to the UTCS signal system in Broward County (Ft. Lauderdale), Florida. Also provided on-site construction inspection services for new traffic signals in Duval and Nassau County, Florida. Monitored construction quality, adherenceto plans and specifications, and work zone safety.

o Completed a corridor study to identifythe appropriate lane configuration and traffic control along 1.5 miles of SR 806 (Atlantic Avenue) from Jog Road to Florida's Turnpike in southwestern Palm Beach County. The desired mainline lane configuration, intersection lane configuration, and median arrangement for both a 5- year (2003) and 20-year (2018) design horizon were established in this study. Warranted traffic signal locations and optimum signal phasing were also identified.

o The design ofa 22-signal closed loop system along Lem Turner Road in Jacksonville, Florida. A detailed set of plans and an extensive set ofmodel 170technical special provisions were developedfor this traffic control system which will utilize fiber-optic master-to-local communications. Prior to initiating the design, a detailed system timing report was prepared for FOOT reviewwhich contained information on existing signal operation and identified needed signal improvements.

o Preparation ofa long-range transportation planning study to support ofthe improvement of Monument Road in Jacksonville, Florida. Jacksonville Urban Area Transportation System (JUATS) files were updated to reflect land use and network changes for the various alternatives under study. Area simulations were executed and diversion studies were carried out using FSUTMS. Using the results from the computer planning models, cordon line counts, existing turning movement counts, and our knowledge ofthe area, we were able to identify the best roadway configuration and intersection geometries for the future Monument Road Corridor.o A retiming project for 37 traffic signals on San Jose Boulevard (SR 13) in Duval County. Coordinated traffic flowwas achieved along this heavily-travelled commuter route through the field implementation ofa series of new timing plans. The corridor was divided into logical subsections with separate timing plans tailored to each subsection.

o The design of an overhead lane use control system for Birmingham Avenue in Jacksonville, Florida. Birmingham Avenue is a major east-west roadway located inside the Jacksonville Naval Air Station. A complete set of final plans and detailed technical special provisions were prepared forthisjob in accordance with US Navy Specifications. This project involves the construction of 7 overhead lane use gantries and a supporting communications and control network with central monitoring and manual override. Since the direction ofthe entire roadway must be reversed to handle commutertraffic, it was also necessary to design a complete system of electrically powered single message and dual messagefiber optic blank-out signs (one way, no right turn, no leftturn, etc.)

o Trailblazer and guide sign design for the Sawgrass Expressway in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. This signing project involved an extensive sign inventoryfrom which a conceptual signing plan forthis 36 milefacility was developed. Oncethe conceptual design was approved, afinal plans packagewas prepared. o A traffic study and feasibility analysis for the installation of reversible lane signals on Birmingham Avenue. This study, which was conducted for Jacksonville Naval Air Station, examined a number of reversible lane design options before recommending a system of overhead lane use control signals and dual message blank-out signs. o A traffic signal retiming project for 40 signals on Blanding Boulevard (SR 21) in Clay and Duval counties. Coordinated traffic flow was achieved along this heavily-travelled commuter route through the field implementation of newAM-peak, PM-peak, Off-peak and "shoulder-period"timing plans. Both hard-wire and time-based interconnection was used to provide the needed coordination and a special phasing scheme was developedforthe compressed diamond interchange in the middle ofthe corridor. o A retiming project for 23 signals on University Boulevard (SR 109) in Duval County. Coordinated traffic flow was achieved along this heavily-travelled circumferential arterial through the field implementation of a complete set of newtiming plans. o A traffic study forthe extension of 50th Street in Jacksonville, Florida. 50th Street is a primary access route for semi-trailer traffic destined for industrial and port-related facilities in North Jacksonville. This study identified future traffic volumes, suggested a suitable cross section and pavement design for the extension, and recommended appropriate traffic control devices. o A truck access studyforthe ITT-Rayonier Mill in Fernandina Beach, Florida. Seven alternative access routes were evaluated and a preferred route chosen. Both short term and long term recommended improvements were identified. These included signal equipment and timing modifications, signing and striping enhancements, and geometric improvements.
o A traffic impact studyforthe St. Augustine Outlet Center in St. Johns County, Florida. This 220,000 sffactory outlet mall, which will be located near the interchange of 1-95 and State Route 16, will have a substantial impact on the surrounding road system. Needed roadway, signalization, and interchange improvements were identified. Subsequenttothetraffic study, atraffic impact fee analysiswas completed. o A traffic impact study for the Baptist Outpatient Center in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. This 135,000 sf medical facility will serve as a regional center for acute eye care and cancer treatment. A circulation plan was developed that would provide suitable access for a difficult site location. Completion of the study required coordination with the Florida Department of Transportation, the City of Jacksonville Traffic Engineering Department, the City of Jacksonville Planning Department, and the Jacksonville Transportation Authority.' 

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o Preparation of a revised highway master plan for downtown Chattanooga, Tennessee. In order to open-up the banks ofthe Tennessee River for cultural development, it became necessary to close a major highway running along the river. A revised highway master plan was developed to accommodate both the diverted trafficfrom the highwayto be closed and the generated trafficfrom the newcultural center.

o Preparation of a long-range transportation planning study to analyze the traffic effects of the proposed Regency By-Pass and to identify the required mainline, interchange, and intersection lane configurations. The Jacksonville Urban AreaTransportation System (JUATS) model was updated to reflect network changes and diversion studies were carried out using the multi-period/multi-path transit module of FSUTMS.
o A traffic engineering analysis and functional roadway design for Boston's Third Harbor Tunnel/Seaport Access Road. This included all phases of transportation modelling (trip generation through traffic assignment) as well as highway capacity analysis.

o The design of a proposed new interchange and terminal roadways for Logan International Airport. This included the design of exclusive commercial vehicle lanes to be used by taxis and buses, the redesign of complex traffic weaving sections, and the design of a simplified signing system for the airport. Due to the many modes of travel to and from Boston's Logan Airport, it was necessarJ to develop a special computer model fortrafficforecasting.

o Development of a transportation master plan and proposed roadway system for the City of Westland, Michigan. The area involved included a large shopping mall, single family and multiple family residential areas, and strip commercial development. New roadways and intersection improvements were recommended.

o Design of an access system and internal roadway system for Ohio's newest state park. A linear regression model was developed for forecasting attendance and associated traffic. Internal park roadways, activity parking areas, and the camper check-in area were all designed to be visually pleasing and to minimize disruption tothe environment.

o Parking study for Boston's World Trade Center and Fish Pier. An analysis offuture parking demand versus available supply was prepared by 5-year intervals. A structured parking facility was recommended to handle expected parking demand increases duetofuture office expansion.

o Participated in the development of Traffic Impact Fee procedures and monitoring systems for Rockland, Massachusetts and Amelia Island, Florida An equitable procedure for assessing both immediate and future developments was prepared. This procedure was based on past legal precedents and current transportation theory with regard to impact fees.

o Served as project manager on eight minor highway design projects located in District II of the Florida Department ofTransportation. These projects included road widenings, bridge approaches, and intersection widenings. Responsibilities included: participation in plan preparation, coordination of project submittals, plan reviewto ensure adherence to safety criteria, and overall review of plans, specifications, and bid items.

o Designed maintenance of traffic plans for the temporary closing of three railroad crossings in St. Johns County Florida. These plans included detour signing with all signs and barricades in accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

o Signing, striping, geometric design and signal design for many intersections in Florida, Ohio, Michigan, and Massachusetts. Work included: signal warrant analysis, the use of microcomputer programs such a SOAP, TRANSYT, and PASSER to set signal timings, accident analysis, and capacity analysis based on the 1985 and 1994 Highway Capacity Manual.

o Preparation of numerousTraffic Impact studies and Environmental Impact Reports for project developments throughout New England and Florida. These developments included office parks, regional shopping centers, medical facilities, resorts, and housing developments.