SK

361

.U54

no. 82-

10.33

HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS:

LONGNOSE DACE

_-L--o "'"'n and Wildlife Service

. Department of the Interior
This model is designed to be used by the Division of Ecological Services

in conjunction with the Habitat Evaluation Procedures.
FWS/OBS-82/10.33

April 1983

HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX MODELS: LONGNOSE DACE

by

Elizabeth A. Edwards

Habitat Evaluation Procedures Group

Western Energy and Land Use Team

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Drake Creekside Building One

2627 Redwing Road

Fort Collins, CO 80526

Hiram Li

and

Carl B. Schreck

Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit

Fisheries and Wildlife Biology

Oregon State University

Corvallis, OR 97331

Purchase Order Number 98300-6930-81

Contract Number 14-16-0009-78-069

Project Officers

James W. Terrell

and

Robert F. Raleigh

Western Energy and Land Use Team

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Drake Creekside Building One

2627 Redwing Road

Fort Collins, CO 80526

Western Energy and Land Use Team

Division of Biological Services

Research and Development

Fish and Wildlife Service

U.S. Department of the Interior

Washington, DC 20240
This report should be cited as:

Edwards, E. A., H. Li, and C. B. Schreck. 1983. Habitat suitability index

models: Longnose dace. U.S. Dept. Int., Fish Wildl. Servo

FWS/OBS-82/10.33. 13 pp.
PREFACE

The habi tat use i nformat i on and Habi tat Sui tabil ity Index (HSI) models

presented in this document are an aid for impact assessment and habitat management activities. Literature concerning a species' habitat requirements and

preferences is reviewed and then synthesized into subjective HSI models, which

are scaled to produce an index between 0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1 (optimal

habitat). Assumptions used to transform habitat use information into these

mathematical models are noted, and guidelines for model application are

described. Preference curves for use with the Instream Flow Incremental

Methodology (IFIM) are excluded from this publication. A summary document

descri bi ng curves for use wi th I FIM for thi s speci es and precedi ng speci es

publications in this series (82/10) is planned for early 1984.

Use of the models presented in this publication for impact assessment

requires the setting of clear study objectives and may require modification of

the models to meet those objectives. Methods for modifying HSI models and

recommended measurement techniques for model variables are presented in Terrell

et al. (1982).1 A discussion of HSI model building techniques is presented in

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1981).2

The HSI models presented herein are complex hypotheses of species-habitat

relationships, not statements of proven cause and effect relationships. The

models have notbeen tested against field population data. For this reason,

the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service encourages model users to convey comments

and suggestions that may help us increase the utility and effectiveness of the

use of HSI models for fish and wildlife planning. Please send comments to:

Habitat Evaluation Procedures Group

Western Energy and Land Use Team

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

2627 Redwing Road

Ft. Collins, CO 80526

1Terrell, J. W., T. E. McMahon, P. D. Inskip, R. F. Raleigh, and K. L.

Williamson. 1982. Habitat suitability index models: Appendix A. Guidelines

for riverine and lacustrine applications of fish HSI models with the Habitat

Evaluation Procedures. U.S. Dept. Int., Fish Wildl. Servo FWS/OBS-82/l0.A.

54 pp.

2U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

habitat suitability index models.

Serv., Div. Ecol. Servo n.p.

1981. Standards for the development of

103 ESM. U.S. Dept. Int., Fish Wildl.

iii
CONTENTSPage

PREFACE iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v

HABITAT USE INFORMATION 1

Genera 1 1

Age, Growth, and Food 1

Reproduct ion 2

Specific Habitat Requirements..................................... 2

HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX (HSI) MODELS 4

Model Applicability 4

Model Description - Riverine...................................... 4

Model Description - Lacustrine................ 6

Suitability Index (SI) Graphs for Model Variables....... 6

Riverine Model.................................................... 8

Lacustri ne Model.................................................. 9

Interpreti ng Model Outputs 9

REFERENCES 12

iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank V. Bartnik, D. Brazo, and J. H. Gee for reviewing

the manuscript. Their review contributions are gratefully acknowledged, but

the authors accept full responsibi 1ity for the contents of the document.

C. Short conducted the editori a1 revi ew, and word processi ng was provi ded by

D. Ibarra and C. Gulzow. The cover illustration is from Freshwater Fishes

of Canada, Bulletin 184, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, by W. B. Scott

and E. J. Crossman.

v
LONGNOSE DACE (Rhinichthys cataractae)

HABITAT USE INFORMATION

General

The longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) occurs from coast to coast

across North America as far south as the Rocky Mountains in Mexico and as far

north as the MacKenzie River near the Arctic Circle (Bartnik 1972; Lee et al.

1980). The species is more ubiquitous on the Atlantic slope, where it extends

south through the Appalachians to Georgia, than in the West, where it extends

along the Rocky Mountains and throughout the Pacific slope from Oregon north

through British Columbia, including the Columbia River drainage (McPhail and

Lindsey 1970; Lee et al. 1980).

Age, Growth, and Food

Longnose dace are mature at age II (McPhail and Lindsey 1970; Gibbons and

Gee 1972; Brazo et al. 1978). The oldest reported individual of this species

was V years old (Kuehn 1949; Sigler and Miller 1963; Reed and Moulton 1973).

Adults are usually about 6.3 to 8.8 cm in length (Sigler and Miller 1963), but

1engths up to 14.1 cm for females and 12.9 cm for rna 1es have been reported

(Kuehn 1949; Reed 1959; Reed and Moulton 1973; Brazo et al. 1978). Brazo

et al. (1978) found that the Lake Michigan population grew larger than stream

populations but rarely lived over IV years.

Longnose dace are well-adapted for feeding on the bottom (Anderson and

Brazo 1978) and will eat whatever is abundant (Gerald 1966). Riverine populations feed mainly on Chironomidae (Diptera), Ephemeridae (Ephemeroptera), and

Simulidae (Diptera), although they will feed on other aquatic insects (Kuehn

1949; Gerald 1966; Gibbons and Gee 1972). Fry eat algae and, as they grow,

they eat mayflies and chironomids. Juveniles eat mainly mayflies and

chironomids, while adults add simulids, primarily a riffle-dwelling dipteran,

to their diet (Kuehn 1949; Gerald 1966). Lacustrine longnose dace populations

feed primarily on terrestrial insects that have been washed into the surge

zone from the beach (Brazo et al. 1978). Lacustrine dwelling fry eat algae,

diatoms, zooplankton, and fish scales. At the end of the first growing season,

both juveniles and adults eat chironomids, fish eggs, annelids, and other

aquatic insects, as well as terrestrial insects (Anderson and Brazo 1978;

Brazo et a 1. 1978).

1
Reproduction

Longnose dace select and defend territories during the breeding season

(Bartnik 1973). The peak of longnose dace spawning usually occurs in June to

early July in both lakes and streams (McPhail and Lindsey 1970; Gee and

Machniak 1972; Brazo et al. 1978). Spawning may occur as early as May

(Maryland) (Carlander 1959) and as late as August (Alberta), depending on

water temperature (McPhail and Lindsey 1970). In Lake Winnipeg, Canada,

spawning was 5 to 7 weeks later than in the streams, probably due to lower

water temperatures in the lake (Gee and Machniak 1972).

Spawning occurs when the daily maximum temperature exceeds 15° C (Bartnik

1970). In Lake Michigan, longnose dace began to come into shore at 8 to 14° C

and peak spawning occurred at 14 to 19° C (Brazo et al. 1978). In Montana,

spawning occurred at 11.7° C (Brown 1971).

In streams, longnose dace spawn only in riffles with a velocity of 45 to

60 cm/sec (Bartnik 1970). In lakes, the species spawns in wave-swept inshore

areas (Brazo et al. 1978). Spawning is restricted to places where the substrate is coarse enough to provide natural depressions in the substrate for

egg deposition (Bartnik 1970,1973). The substrate in streams is usually

gravel and rock with an upper limit of 5 to 20 cm in diameter (Bartnik 1970;

Brazo et al. 1978). Overhead cover and shelter from the current is always

present (Bartnik 1973). On the inshore area of Lake Winnipeg, spawning dace

were observed only over a substrate consisting of 100% large rocks (8 to 30 cm

in diameter) (Gee and Machniak 1972).

Specific Habitat Requirements

Longnose dace are most abundant in swift flowing, steep gradient, headwater streams of larger river systems (Kuehn 1949; Reed 1959; Reed and Moulton

1973; Merri tt et a1. 1978). The stream habi tat is usually boul der-strewn,

with gravel and rock beds (Smith 1979), and may be classified as a "trout

stream" (Kuehn 1949; Reed 1959). According to the stream order classification

system described by Kuehne (1962), longnose dace probably live in streams with

gradients from 1.9 to 18.7 m/km. The species occasionally lives in the nearshore, turbulent waters of lakes and occurs in all of the Great Lakes (Anderson

and Brazo 1978; Brazo et al. 1978).

All age groups of longnose dace occur in very shallow water, usually < 0.3 m deep (Gee and Northcote 1963) and rarely> 1 m deep (Sigler and Miller

1963). Overhead cover and shelter from the current is requi red duri ng all

seasons (Bartnik 1973). Longnose dace are usually collected in streams with a

current velocity> 45 cm/sec (Gee and Northcote 1963).

Specific turbidity tolerance limits are unknown, but the species tolerates

waters that are temporarily turbid, murky, or muddy (Sigler and Miller 1963;

McPhail and Lindsey 1970). Longnose dace also live in swift turbid streams of

the upper Great Plains (Lee et al. 1980). Lake forms generally occur in more

turbid waters than stream forms (Smith 1979).

2
Adult. Adult longnose dace are more or less benthic and inhabit the

regi on di rect ly above the substrate (McPhail and Li ndsey 1970). They prefer

ri ffl e areas in streams but wi 11 occupy qui et, shallow water poo 1sin the

absence of competing species, especially during the summer (Gee and Northcote

1963; Bartnik 1970; Gibbons and Gee 1972; Reed and Moulton 1973). Adults

usually live in the protection of crannies between stones in very fast water

(McPhail and Lindsey 1970). They are most abundant in waters with a current

> 45 em/sec (Bartnik 1970) and will live in areas with surface velocity as

high as 182 em/sec (McPhail and Lindsey 1970). In Lake Winnipeg, adults were

thought to occur in the deep channels between islands where the current was

swift (Gee and Machniak 1972). Longnose dace swimming against strong currents

for even short periods (5 minutes) become fatigued and lose their ability for

coordinated locomotion; shelter from the current must be present (Bartnik

1973).

In Utah, longnose dace have been reported to inhabit streams with maximum

temperatures of 12.8 to 21.1° C (Sigler and Miller 1963). Brazo (personal

communication) has collected longnose dace at water temperatures from

5.4-22.7° C.

Embryo. The eggs of longnose dace are demersal and adhesive and are

deposited in natural depressions (McPhail and Lindsey 1970). Optimum spawning

temperatures range from 14 to 19° C (Brazo et al. 1978). Incubation takes

from 7 to 10 days at 15.6° C (McPhail and Lindsey 1970). The yolk sac is

absorbed in about 7 days after hatching (McPhail and Lindsey 1970).

Fry. In both lakes and streams, fry become pelagic and are abundant in

the protected margins of quiet shallow water (Reed 1959; Gee and Northcote

1963; Gee and Machniak 1972; Gibbons and Gee 1972). In lakes, fry were close

to shore under cover of overhanging vegetation (Gee and Machniak 1972) and

over gravel and small stones::::; 5.0 em in diameter (Lake Michigan) (Brazo

et al. 1978).

Fry inflate their swimbladder by gulping air, becoming pelagic (Gee and

Machniak 1972). They adjust their buoyancy by altering the swimbladder volume

in response to wave action in lakes or changes in current velocity in streams

(Gee 1968, 1972, 1974). However, as the fish grows, the extent of adjustment

is reduced and occurs over a lower range of buoyancy values. Within 6 weeks,

the young begin to move to areas of swift water (Gee and Machniak 1972; Gibbons

and Gee 1972). By the time the fi sh are 30 mm TL, they have moved to swift

water areas in streams with a velocity> 45 em/sec (Bartnik 1970). In lakes,

longnose dace move to deeper water with a swift current by the time they are

30 mm TL (Gee and Machniak 1972).

Fry show a preference for areas with overhead cover (Bartnik 1973).

Juvenile. In general, juvenile habitat requirements are similar to those

for adults. In streams, juvenile longnose dace are in riffle areas with a

velocity> 45 em/sec but will seek out the quieter areas (Gibbons and Gee

1972) .

3
HABITAT SUITABILITY INDEX (HSI) MODELS

Model Applicability

Geographic area. The models are applicable in lakes and streams throughout North America.

Season. The model provides a rating for a water body based on its ability

to support a reproducing population of longnose dace through all seasons of

the year. The model will provide an HSI of 0 if any reproduction-related

variable indicates that the species is not able to reproduce in the habitat

being evaluated.

Cover types. The model is applicable to riverine and lacustrine habitats,

as described by Cowardin et al. (1979).

Minimum habitat area. No attempt has been made to establish a minimum

habitat size for longnose dace. However, lakes must be large enough to produce

wave action on the shore, and streams must have ample shallow water and riffle

areas.

Verifi cation 1eve 1. The acceptance goa 1 of the mode1 is to produce an

index between 0 and 1 that has a positive relationship to the ability of

longnose dace to live and reproduce in an area. In order to verify that the

model output was acceptable, HSI's were calculated from sample data sets.

These sample data sets and their relationship to model verification are discussed in greater detail following the presentation of the model.

Model Description - Riverine

The analysis of longnose dace habitat quality is based on key variables

that are important to the existence of the species in a particular habitat

(Figs. 1 and 2). Almost all of the variables are directly related to the

species' ability to reproduce in an area and are not compensatory. Each

variable is important enough to the survival and growth of longnose dace that

I believe suboptimum levels will be limiting no matter how high the suitability

ratings are for the other variables.

Average current velocity (VI) is an important variable since longnose

dace are usually collected in streams with a high velocity and are adapted to

high velocity areas. Percent riffles (V3 ) is included because the species

lives primarily in riffle areas of streams. They will spawn only in riffles.

Percent cover and shelter (V,) is included because longnose dace require

overhead cover and shelter from current in high velocity areas where they

live.

Maximum depth of riffle or nearshore area (V2 ) is included because the

species lives and spawns in shallow water. Spawning will not take place

unless the substrate type (V4 ) is coarse enough to provide interstitial spaces

for the eggs. Successful longnose dace spawni ng is limited to a substrate

with gravel and rocks of suitable size.

4
Habitat variables Life requisite

Average current velocity (V 1 )

Maximum depth of riffle (V2 ) -- ~~~

~__:::~ Reproduction ----- HSI

Percent riffles (V 3 )

Substrate type (V4 )

Average maximum temperature during

spring and summer (Vs)-----J

Percent cover (Vs ) -J

Figure 1. Habitat variables included in the riverine model for

longnose dace.

Habitat variables Life requisite

Maximum depth of nearshore areas (V2 )

Substrate type (V4 ) ------------~ Reproduction ------ HSI

Average maximum temperature during

spring and summer (Vs)-----~

Percent cover (Vs)-----------J

Figure 2. Habitat variables included in the lacustrine model for

longnose dace.

5
Temperature (Vs ) is the most important water quality factor limiting

longnose dace because it affects the survival of all life stages.

Model Description - Lacustrine

The variables in the lacustrine model for longnose dace are also in the

riverine model. These variables include maximum depth of nearshore areas

(Vz ) , substrate type (V4 ) , maximum water temperature during spring and summer

(Vs ) , and percent cover and shelter (VG) . See Model Description - Riverine.

Suitability Index (SI) Graphs for Model Variables

This section contains suitability index graphs for the six variables

described above and equations for combining variable indices into a species

HSI using the limiting factor approach. Variables may pertain to either a

riverine (R) habitat, a lacustrine (L) habitat, or both.

Habitat

R

Variable

Average current

velocity during

spring and summer.

x

0.8 c

.......

0.6

..0 0.4 10

.jJ

::::::s

V1 0.2

Suitability graph

6

25 50

em/sec

75 100
R,L Maximum depth of

riffle (R) or

nearshore area

(L) .

><

0.8 s::

.......

>,0.6

+-'

......

}; 0.4 co

+-'

......

0.2

1

m

2

R V3 Percent ri ffl es in 1.0

sample area.

>< _ J

0.8 s::

.......

~0.6 ......

0.4

+-'

......

::l

Vl 0.2

R,L Percent stream or

shore area with

gravel and rock substrate with a diameter limit of at

least 5-20 cm in

streams and 8-30 cm

in lakes.

7

x

QJ

-g 0.8

......

~0.6

......

0.4

+-'

......

::l

Vl 0.2

25

25

50

%

50

%

75

75

100

100
R,L Vs Average maximum 1.0 I

temperature during

spring and summer in x I \ ClJ 0.8- riffle and nearshore -0

areas (adult, s:::

........

juvenile, fry, and ~0.6-

embryo) .

:0 0.4 ro

+J

0.2

•

10 20 30

°C

R,L

Riverine Model

Percent cover and

shelter from the

current in the form

of boulders, large

rocks, logs, and/or

debri s.

x

0.8 s:::

........

~0.6 'r0.4

+'

U) 0.2

25 50

%

75 100

The following equation utilizes the limiting factor approach. All of the

variables are important to the existence and ability to reproduce of 10ngnose

dace in a particular habitat.

8
Lacustrine Model

This model utilizes the limiting factor approach. All of the variables

are important to the existence and reproductive ability of longnose dace in a

particular habitat.

Sources of data and assumptions made in developing the suitability indices

are presented in Table 1.

Sample data sets from which HSI's have been generated using the riverine

HSI equation are in Table 2. Similar data sets using the lacustrine HSI

equation are in Table 3. The data sets are not actual field measurements, but

represent combinations of conditions that could occur in a riverine or

lacustrine habitat. We believe that the HSI's calculated from the data reflect

what carrying capacity trends would be in riverine and lacustrine habitats

with the listed characteristics.

Interpreting Model Outputs

Habitats with an HSI of a may contain some longnose dace; habitats with a

hi gh HSI may contain few. The longnose dace HSI determi ned by use of these

models will not necessarily represent the population of longnose dace in the

study area. Standing crop estimates may not reflect habitat suitabil ity at

the location and single point in time where the estimate was made. Fish may

be captured during a migratory phase when they are passing through habitats of

various qualities. In addition, only physical habitat parameters and temperature are included in the model. Biotic factors can change the nature of the

relationships presented in the model. In areas where longnose dace population

levels are due primarily to habitat-related factors, the model should be

positively correlated with long term average population levels. However, this

has not been tested. The proper interpretation of the HSI is one of comparison. If two habitats have different HSI's, the one with the higher HSI

should have a greater potential to support longnose dace than the one with the

lower HSI, given that the model assumptions have not been violated.

9
Table 1. Data sources and assumptions for longnose dace

suitability indices.

Variable and source

Gee and Northcote 1963

Bartnik 1970

McPhail and Lindsey 1970

Gee and Northcote 1963

Sigler and Miller 1963

Gee and Northcote 1963

Bartnik 1970

Gibbons and Gee 1972

Reed and Moulton 1973

Bartnik 1970

McPhail and Lindsey 1970

Gee and Machniak 1972

Brazo et al. 1978

Smith 1979

Koster 1957

Sigler and Miller 1963

Bartnik 1973

Assumption

Current velocities where longnose

dace are most common are optimum.

The depth where longnose dace are most

abundant is optimum.

The percentage of riffles where longnose dace are most successful is

optimum.

The percentage of substrate where

spawning is most successful is optimum.

Temperatures where longnose dace are

most abundant are optimum.

Because longnose dace have strong cover

and shelter-seeking behavior during all

seasons of the year, overhead cover and

shelter from the current must be present

in adequate amounts for habitat to be

suitable.

10
Table 2. Sample data sets using the riverine HS1 model.

Data set 1 Data set 2 Data set 3

Variable Data SI Data SI Data SI

Current velocity

(em/sec) VI 55 1.0 15 0.2 45 1.0

Depth (m) V2 0.4 1.0 3 0 0.5 1.0

Riffles (%) V] 35 1.0 30 1.0 50 1.0

Substrate type V4 100 1.0 25 0.5 20 0.4

Temperature (OC) Vs 16 1.0 23 0 15 1.0

Cover and shelter (%) V6 50 1.0 25 1.0 25 1.0

HS1 = 1.0 0 0.4

Table 3. Sample data sets using lacustrine HS1 model.

Data set 1 Data set 2 Data set 3

Variable Data SI Data SI Data SI

Depth (m) V2 0.4 1.0 3 0 0.5 1.0

Substrate type V4 100 1.0 25 0.5 50 1.0

Temperature (OC) Vs 16 1.0 15 1.0 12.8 0.8

Cover and shelter (%) V6 50 1.0 50 1.0 50 1.0

HS1 = 1.0 0 0.8

11
REFERENCES

Anderson, R. C., and D. Brazo. 1978. Abundance, feeding habits, and degree

of segregation of the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonicus) and longnose

dace (Rhinichthys cataractae), in Lake Michigan surge-zone near Ludington,

Michigan. Mich. Acad. 10(3):337-346.

Bartnik, V. G. 1970. Reproductive isolation between two sympatric dace,

Rhinichthys atratulus and R. cataractae, in Manitoba. J. Fish. Res.

Board Can. 27:2125-2141. -

1972. Comparison of the breeding habits of two subspecies of

longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae. Can. J. Zool. 50:83-86.

1973. Behavioral ecology of the longnose dace, Rhinichythys

cataractae (Pices, Cyprinidae), significance of the dace social organization. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. Zoology, Univ. British Columbia. 163 pp.

Brazo, D. C. 1982. Personal communication. Michigan State Univ., East

Lansing, Michigan.

Brazo, D. C., C. R. Liston, and R. C. Anderson. 1978. Life history of the

longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae, in the surge zone of eastern Lake

Michigan near Ludington, Michigan. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107:550-556.

Brown, C. J. D. 1971. Fishes of Montana. Big Sky Books, Bozeman, MT.

207 pp.

Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet, and E. J. LaRoe. 1979.

tion of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States.

Int., Fish Wildl. Servo FWS/OBS-79/31. 103 pp.

ClassificaU.S. Dept.

Gee, J. H. 1968. Adjustment of buoyancy by longnose dace (Rhinichthys

cataractae) in relation to water velocity. J. Fish. Res. Board Can.

25:1485-1496.

1972. Adaptive variation in swimbladder length and volume in

dace, genus Rhinichthys. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:119-127.

1974. Behavioral and developmental plasticity of buoyancy in

the longnose, Rhinichthys cataractae (Cyprinidae), dace. J. Fish. Res.

Board Can. 31:35-41.

Gee, J. H., and K. Machniak. 1972. Ecological notes on a lake-dwelling

population of longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). J. Fish. Res.

Board Can. 29:330-332.

Gee, J. H., and T. G. Northcote. 1963. Comparative ecology of two sympatric

species of dace (Rhinichthys) in the Fraser River system, British

Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 20:105-118.

12
Gerald, J. W. 1966. Food habits of the longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae.

Copeia 1966:478-485.

Gibbons, J. R. H., and J. H. Gee. 1972. Ecological segregation between

longnose and blacknose dace (genus Rhinichthys) in the Mink River,

Manitoba. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:1245-1252.

Kuehn, J. H. 1949. A study of a population of longnose dace (Rhinichthys

cataractae). Proc. of the Minn. Acad. Sci. 17:81-87.

Kuehne, R. A. 1962. A classification of streams, illustrated by fish distribution in an eastern Kentucky creek. Ecology 43(4):608-614.

Lee, D. S., C. R. Gilbert, C. H. Hocutt, R. E. Jenkins, D. E. McAllister, and

J. R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes.

North Carolina Biological Survey Publ. 1980-12. 854 pp.

McPhail, J. D., and C. C. Lindsey. 1970. Freshwater fishes of northwestern

Canada and Alaska. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 173. 381 pp.

Reed, R. J. 1959. Age, growth, and food of the longnose dace, Rhinichthys

cataractae, in northwestern Pennsylvania. Copeia 1959:160-162.

Reed, R. J., and J. C. Moulton. 1973. Age and growth of blacknose dace,

Rhinichthys atratulus, and longnose dace, R. cataractae, in Massachusetts.

Am. Midl. Nat. 90:206-210. -

Sigler, W. F., and R. R. Miller. 1963. Fishes of Utah. Utah State Dept.

Fish and Game, Salt Lake City. 203 pp.

Smith, P. W. 1979. The fishes of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv., Univ.

Ill. Press, Urbana. 314 pp.

13
50272 -rOl

REPORT DOCUMENTATION

PAGE

1._ REPORT NO.

i FWSjOBS-82/10.33

2. ,

"

I

3. Recipient'. Accesalon No.

.. Title and Subtitle

Habitat Suitabil"ity Index Models:

7. Aut"~t1.1 Elizabeth A. Edwards

Longnose dace

5. Report Date

April 1983

6.

8. Performin. O,..anizatlon Rept. No. .-

9. Periormin. O,..anizatton Name and Addre.. Habi ta t Eva1ua ti on Procedures Group

Western Energy and Land Use Team

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Drake Creekside Building One

2627 Redwing Road

Fort Collins, CO 80526

12. Spon.o"". O,..anizatton Name and Address Western Energy and Land Use Team

Division of Biological Services

Research and Development Fish and Wildlife Service

Washinaton DC 20240

15. SuPPlementary Not..

. 16. Abstract (Umit: 200 worcsl

10. Praiect/Task/Worll Unit No.

11. Contraet(C} or Grant(G) No.

(C)

(G)

113. Type of Report & Period CllVered

A review and synthesis of existing information was used to develop riverine and

lacustrine habitat models for longnose dace, (Rhinichthys cataractae) a freshwater

species. The models are scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between

o (unsuitable habitat) and 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for freshwater, marine

and estuarine areas of the continental United States. Habitat suitability indexes

are designed for use with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

17. Document Ane'Y'i. a. Oncriotors

Mathematical models, Fishes, Estuaries, Aquatic biology, Habitability.

b. Identlfiers/OPen·Ended Terms

Habitat Suitability Index (HSI)

Longnose dace

Rhinichthys cataractae

c. COSATI Field/Grouo

1B. Av.,lebility Statement

Release Unlimited

[S.. ANSI-l39.181

19. Security Class (This Reoort)

UNCLASSI FI ED

20. slrN'c'LAS'S fFI'EO'lel

i 21. No. of Paces

13 ~2. Price

OPTIONAL FORM 272 ,01.-77)

(Formerly :'lTI5-3Sl

Ceoartment 0' Commere-e

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1983-679-516/292 REGION NO.8
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REGIO

RC!!1l1l1JI Director

U,S, l-i h and Wildlife Service

Lloyd l-ive Hundred Buildmg, Suue 16l)~

"00 'J. Multnomah Street

Portland . Oregon 'l7~32

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REGION 7

Regional D\ft'l'lor

L S. Fr h and Wildlife Service

1011 I Tudor Ruad

Anchorage. Alaska'll)'O \

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M the Nation's principal conservation agency. the Department of the Interior has responlibility for most of our .nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes

fOltering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife,

preservinl the-environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places.

and providing for the enjoyment of life throulh outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in

the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for

American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories under

U.S. administration.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

u.s. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

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