Digest of 

Education Statistics

2010 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

NCES 2011-015

Digest of Education Statistics 2010

April 2011

Thomas D. Snyder

National Center for Education Statistics

Sally A. Dillow

Education Statistics Services Institute

American Institutes for Research

NCES 2011-015 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
U.S. Department of Education

Arne Duncan

Secretary

Institute of Education Sciences

John Q. Easton

Director

National Center for Education Statistics

Jack Buckley

Commissioner

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, 

and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional 

mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education 

in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and 

significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical 

systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries.

NCES activities are designed to address high-priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, 

complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and highquality data to the U.S. Department of Education, the Congress, the states, other education policymakers, 

practitioners, data users, and the general public. Unless specifically noted, all information contained 

herein is in the public domain.

We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is appropriate to a 

variety of audiences. You, as our customer, are the best judge of our success in communicating 

information effectively. If you have any comments or suggestions about this or any other NCES product or 

report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to

NCES, IES, U.S. Department of Education

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006-5651

April 2011

The NCES Home Page address is http://nces.ed.gov.

The NCES Publications and Products address is http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch.

This report was prepared in part under Contract No. ED-05-CO-0044 with Education Statistics Services 

Institute—American Institutes for Research. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or 

organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Suggested Citation

Snyder, T.D., and Dillow, S.A. (2011). Digest of Education Statistics 2010 (NCES 2011-015). National Center 

for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.

For ordering information on this report, write to

ED Pubs

U.S. Department of Education

P.O. Box 22207

Alexandria, VA 22304

or call toll free 1-877-4ED-Pubs or order online at http://www.edpubs.gov.

Content Contact

Thomas D. Snyder

(202) 502-7452

tom.snyder@ed.gov
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 iii

FOREWORD

The 2010 edition of the Digest of Education Statistics is surveys used to generate the Digest tables; the second, Defithe 46th in a series of publications initiated in 1962. The nitions, is included to help readers understand terms used in

Digest has been issued annually except for combined editions the Digest; and the third, Index of Table Numbers, allows

for the years 1977–78, 1983–84, and 1985–86. Its primary readers to quickly locate tables on specific topics.

purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information In addition to updating many of the statistics that have

covering the broad field of American education from prekin- appeared in previous years, this edition contains new material,

dergarten through graduate school. The Digest includes a including

selection of data from many sources, both government and • children’s reading, mathematics, and fine motor scale

private, and draws especially on the results of surveys and scores at kindergarten entry, by age of child and

activities carried out by the National Center for Education selected characteristics (table 121);

Statistics (NCES). To qualify for inclusion in the Digest, • average number of Carnegie units earned by high school

material must be nationwide in scope and of current interest graduates in advanced mathematics and advanced science and engineering courses, and percentage distribu- and value. The publication contains information on a variety tion of graduates by number of units earned, by selected of subjects in the field of education statistics, including the student and school characteristics (table 160); number of schools and colleges, teachers, enrollments, and • total fall enrollment in private for-profit degree-granting graduates, in addition to data on educational attainment, institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or juris- finances, federal funds for education, libraries, and interna- diction (table 222);

tional comparisons. Supplemental information on population • retention of first-time degree-seeking undergraduates at trends, attitudes on education, education characteristics of the degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, con- labor force, government finances, and economic trends pro- trol, and type of institution (table 342);

vides background for evaluating education data. Although • percentage of the population 25 to 64 years old who com- the Digest contains important information on federal educa- pleted high school, by age group and country (table 420);

tion funding, more detailed information on federal activities and

is available from federal education program offices. • percentage of the population 25 to 64 years old who

The Digest contains seven chapters: All Levels of Educa- attained selected levels of postsecondary education, by

tion, Elementary and Secondary Education, Postsecondary age group and country (table 421).

Education, Federal Programs for Education and Related

Activities, Outcomes of Education, International Compari- The Digest can be accessed from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/

digest. sons of Education, and Libraries and Adult Education. Preceding these chapters is an Introduction that provides a brief

overview of current trends in American education, which Valena Plisko

supplements the tabular materials in chapters 1 through 7. Associate Commissioner 

The Digest concludes with three appendixes. The first Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

appendix, Guide to Sources, provides a brief synopsis of the Division

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 v

Contents

Page

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

List of Text Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

List of Reference Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Guide to Tabular Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Chapter 1. All Levels of Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Chapter 2. Elementary and Secondary Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Chapter 3. Postsecondary Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Chapter 4. Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

Chapter 5. Outcomes of Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

Chapter 6. International Comparisons of Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

Chapter 7. Libraries and Adult Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

Appendix A. Guide to Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Appendix B. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

Appendix C. Index of Table Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
vi LIST OF FIGURES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

List of Figures

Figure Page

1. The structure of education in the United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2. Enrollment, total expenditures in constant dollars, and expenditures as a percentage of the gross 

domestic product (GDP), by level of education: Selected years, 1965–66 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . 12

3. Percentage of persons 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment: Selected 

years, 1940 through 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4. Percentage of persons 25 through 29 years old, by highest level of educational attainment: Selected 

years, 1940 through 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5. Highest level of education attained by persons 25 years old and over: March 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6. Enrollment, number of teachers, pupil/teacher ratio, and expenditures in public schools: 1960–61 

through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7. Total and full-day preprimary enrollment of 3- to 5-year-olds: October 1970 through October 2009 . . . . 66

8. Percentage change in public elementary and secondary enrollment, by state: Fall 2003 to fall 2008 . . . 66

9. Percentage of revenue for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: 1970–71 

through 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

10. Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools: 

1970–71 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

11. Enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in degree-granting institutions: Fall 1960 through 

fall 2009 and 1960–61 through 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

12. Percentage change in total enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by state: Fall 2003 to fall 2008 . . 286

13. Enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by age: Fall 1970 through fall 2019. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

14. Ratio of full-time-equivalent (FTE) students to total FTE staff and to FTE faculty, by control of 

institution: 1999 and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

15. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions in selected fields of study: 1998–99, 

2003–04, and 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

16. Percentage distribution of total revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of funds: 

2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

17. Revenue per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student at private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, 

by source of funds: 1999–2000 and 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

18. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose: Selected years, 1965 

through 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

19. Percentage of federal on-budget funds for education, by agency: Fiscal year 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

20. Percentage of U.S. Department of Education outlays, by type of recipient: Fiscal year 2010 . . . . . . . . . 546

21. Labor force participation rate of persons 20 to 64 years old, by age group and highest level of 

educational attainment: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

22. Unemployment rates of persons 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational 

attainment: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

23. Labor force status of 2008–09 high school dropouts and completers not enrolled in college: 

October 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

24. Median annual earnings of full-time year-round workers 25 years old and over, by highest level of 

educational attainment and sex: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

25. Average salaries of bachelor’s degree recipients 1 year after graduation, by field: 1981, 1991, and 2001. 566

26. Percentage change in enrollment, by major areas of the world and level of education: 2000 to 2008. . . 590

27. Bachelor’s degree recipients as a percentage of the population of the typical ages of graduation, by 

country: 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591

28. Public direct expenditures on education as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP), 

by country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
LIST OF TEXT TABLES vii

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

List of Text Tables

Table Page

A. Total elementary and secondary school enrollment, by overall trends: Selected years, 1949–50 to 

fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

B. Number of public school staff, by selected categories: 1969–70, 1980, and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

C. Postsecondary students denied access to Title IV financial aid because eligibility was suspended 

due to a drug-related conviction: 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

D. Federal on-budget funding for education, by category: Selected fiscal years, 1965 through 2009 . 537

E. Median annual earnings of full-time year-round workers 25 years old and over, by selected levels 

of educational attainment and sex: Selected years, 1995 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

F. Population and enrollment at different levels in major areas of the world: 2000 and 2008 . . . . . . . 588
viii LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

List of Reference Tables

Chapter 1. All Levels of Education

Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools

Table Page

1. Projected number of participants in educational institutions by level and control of institution: Fall 

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, fall 1980 

through fall 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1869–70 

through fall 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff in postsecondary 

degree-granting institutions, by control of institution: Selected years, fall 1970 through fall 2019. 18

5. Number of educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1980–81 

through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Enrollment Rates

6. Percentage of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: 

Selected years, 1980 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

7. Percentage of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age group: Selected years, 

1940 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Educational Attainment

8. Percentage of persons age 25 and over and 25 to 29, by race/ethnicity, years of school completed, 

and sex: Selected years, 1910 through 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

9. Number of persons age 18 and over, by highest level of education attained, age, sex, and race/

ethnicity: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

10. Persons age 18 and over who hold at least a bachelor’s degree in specific fields of study, by sex, 

race/ethnicity, and age: 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

11. Educational attainment of persons 18 years old and over, by state: 2000 and 2006–08. . . . . . . . . 29

12. Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by race/ethnicity and state: 2006–08 . . 30

13. Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by sex and state: 2006–08 . . . . . . . . . . 32

14. Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over for metropolitan areas with more than 

1 million persons, by sex: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Computer and Internet Use

15. Use of the Internet by persons 3 years old and over, by type of use and selected characteristics of 

students and other users: 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

16. Number and percentage of persons 3 years old and over using the Internet and percentage 

distribution by means of internet access from home and main reason for not having 

high-speed access, by selected characteristics of students and other users: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . 36

17. Number and percentage of home computer users, by type of application and selected 

characteristics: 1997 and 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

18. Number and percentage of student home computer users, by type of application and selected 

characteristics: 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

19. Student use of computers, by level of enrollment, age, and student and school characteristics: 

1993, 1997, and 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES ix

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Population

20. Estimates of resident population, by age group: 1970 through 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

21. Estimates of resident population, by race/ethnicity and age group: Selected years, 1980 

through 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

22. Estimated total and school-age resident populations, by state: Selected years, 1970 

through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Characteristics of Families With Children

23. Number and percentage distribution of family households, by family structure and presence of 

own children under 18: Selected years, 1970 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

24. Number and percentage of family households with own children under 18, by age and number 

of children, race/ethnicity, and family structure: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

25. Median household income, by state: Selected years, 1990 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

26. Poverty rates for all persons and poverty status of 5- to 17-year-olds, by state: Selected years, 

1990 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

27. Poverty status of all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/

ethnicity: Selected years, 1959 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Finances

28. Expenditures of educational institutions related to the gross domestic product, by level of 

institution: Selected years, 1929–30 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

29. Expenditures of educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 

1899–1900 through 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

30. Amount and percentage distribution of direct general expenditures of state and local governments, 

by function: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

31. Direct general expenditures of state and local governments for all functions and for education, by 

level of education and state: 2006–07 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

32. Direct general expenditures per capita of state and local governments for all functions and for 

education, by level of education and state: 2006–07 and 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

33. Gross domestic product, state and local expenditures, personal income, disposable personal 

income, median family income, and population: Selected years, 1929 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . 57

34. Gross domestic product price index, Consumer Price Index, education price indexes, and federal 

budget composite deflator: Selected years, 1919 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Chapter 2. Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment

35. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Selected years, 

1869–70 through 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

36. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

fall 1990 through fall 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

37. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: 

Fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

38. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: 

Fall 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

39. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level and grade: Selected years, fall 

1980 through fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

40. Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of 

kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, parent, and household characteristics: 1999, 

2003, and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
x LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

41. Percentage distribution of students ages 5 through 17 attending kindergarten through 12th grade, 

by school type or participation in homeschooling and selected child, parent, and household 

characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

42. Average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: 

Selected years, 1969–70 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

43. Percentage distribution of enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/

ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: Fall 1998 and fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

44. Number and percentage of public school students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, by state: 

Selected years, 2000–01 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

45. Children 3 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, by type 

of disability: Selected years, 1976–77 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

46. Percentage distribution of students 6 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities 

Education Act, Part B, by educational environment and type of disability: Selected years, fall 1989 

through fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

47. Number and percentage of children served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part 

B, by age group and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . 84

48. Number of gifted and talented students in public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/

ethnicity, and state: 2004 and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

49. Percentage of gifted and talented students in public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, 

race/ethnicity, and state: 2004 and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

50. Enrollment in grades 9 through 12 in public and private schools compared with population 14 to 17 

years of age: Selected years, 1889–90 through fall 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

51. Enrollment in foreign language courses compared with enrollment in grades 9 through 12 in public 

secondary schools: Selected years, fall 1948 through fall 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Enrollment Status and Child Care Arrangements of Young Children

52. Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by level of program, control 

of program, and attendance status: Selected years, 1965 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

53. Number of children under 6 years old and not yet enrolled in kindergarten, percentage in centerbased programs, average weekly hours in nonparental care, and percentage in various types of 

primary care arrangements, by selected child and family characteristics: 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

54. Child care arrangements of 3- to 5-year-old children who are not yet in kindergarten, by age and 

race/ethnicity: Various years, 1991 through 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

55. Percentage distribution of children at about 2 and 4 years of age, by type of child care arrangement 

and selected child and family characteristics: 2003–04 and 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

56. Percentage distribution of quality rating of child care arrangements of children at about 4 years of 

age, by type of arrangement and selected child and family characteristics: 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . 93

57. Children of prekindergarten through second-grade age, by enrollment status, selected maternal 

characteristics, and household income: 1995, 2001, and 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Parent Involvement in Education

58. Number of 3- to 5-year-olds not yet enrolled in kindergarten and percentage participating in home 

literacy activities with a family member, by type and frequency of activity and selected child and 

family characteristics: 1993, 2001, and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

59. Percentage of kindergartners through fifth-graders whose parents reported doing educationrelated activities with their children in the past month, by selected child, parent, and school 

characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

60. Percentage of kindergartners through fifth-graders whose parents reported doing educationrelated activities with their children in the past week, by selected child, parent, and school 

characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

61. Percentage of elementary and secondary school children whose parents were involved in school 

activities, by selected child, parent, and school characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007 . . . . . . . . 98
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xi

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Private Elementary and Secondary Schools

62. Number and percentage distribution of private elementary and secondary students, teachers, and 

schools, by orientation of school and selected school and student characteristics: Fall 2007. . . . 99

63. Private elementary and secondary enrollment, number of schools, and average tuition, by school 

level, orientation, and tuition: 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

64. Private elementary and secondary school full-time-equivalent staff and student to full-timeequivalent staff ratios, by orientation of school, school level, and type of staff: 2007–08 . . . . . . . 101

65. Enrollment and instructional staff in Catholic elementary and secondary schools, by level: Selected 

years, 1919–20 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

66. Private elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, teachers, and high school graduates, by 

state: Selected years, 1997 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Teachers and Other Staff

67. Public elementary and secondary pupil/teacher ratios, by school size, type, percentage of students 

eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, locale, and level of school: Fall 1988 through fall 2008. . 105

68. Public and private elementary and secondary teachers, enrollment, and pupil/teacher ratios: 

Selected years, fall 1955 through fall 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

69. Public elementary and secondary teachers, by level and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 

2000 through fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

70. Teachers, enrollment, and pupil/teacher ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by 

state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

71. Highest degree earned, years of full-time teaching experience, and average class size for teachers 

in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

72. Highest degree earned and years of full-time teaching experience for teachers in public and private 

elementary and secondary schools, by selected teacher characteristics: 1999–2000, 2003–04, 

and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

73. Selected characteristics of public school teachers: Selected years, spring 1961 through spring 2006 . 113

74. Percentage of public school teachers of grades 9 through 12, by field of main teaching assignment 

and selected demographic and educational characteristics: 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

75. Percentage of teachers indicating that certain issues are serious problems in their schools and 

that certain problems occur daily, by level and control of school: Selected years 1987–88 

through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

76. Teachers’ perceptions about teaching and school conditions, by control and level of school: 

Selected years, 1993–94 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

77. Mobility of public and private elementary and secondary teachers, by selected teacher and school 

characteristics: Selected years, 1987–88 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

78. Average base salary for full-time teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by highest 

degree earned and years of full-time teaching: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2007–08. . . . . 118

79. Average salaries for full-time teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by 

selected characteristics: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

80. Average base salary for full-time public elementary and secondary school teachers with a 

bachelor’s degree as their highest degree, by years of full-time teaching experience and state: 

1993–94, 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

81. Average base salary for full-time public elementary and secondary school teachers with a master’s 

degree as their highest degree, by years of full-time teaching experience and state: 1993–94, 

1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

82. Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: 

Selected years, 1959–60 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

83. Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state 

or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969–70 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

84. Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by functional area: Selected 

years, 1949–50 through fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
xii LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

85. Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by type of assignment and 

state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

86. Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by type of assignment and 

state or jurisdiction: Fall 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

87. Staff and teachers in public elementary and secondary school systems, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 

2000 through fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

88. Staff, enrollment, and pupil/staff ratios in public elementary and secondary school systems, by 

state or jurisdiction: Selected years, Fall 2000 through fall 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

89. Number, highest degree, experience, and salaries of principals in public and private elementary 

and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 1993–94, 2003–04, and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . 131

Schools and School Districts

90. Number of public school districts and public and private elementary and secondary schools: 

Selected years, 1869–70 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

91. Number and enrollment of regular public school districts, by enrollment size of district: Selected 

years, 1979–80 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

92. Number of public elementary and secondary education agencies, by type of agency and state or 

jurisdiction: 2007–08 and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

93. Public elementary and secondary students, schools, pupil/teacher ratios, and finances, by type of 

locale: 2007–08 and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts 

enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–07, and 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling 

more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

96. Enrollment, poverty, and federal funds for the 100 largest school districts, by enrollment size in 

2008: Fall 2008, 2007–08, and federal fiscal year 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

97. Public elementary and secondary schools, by type of school: Selected years, 1967–68 through 

2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

98. Number and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary schools and enrollment, 

by type and enrollment size of school: 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

99. Average enrollment and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary schools, by 

type and size: Selected years, 1982–83 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

100. Number and enrollment of public elementary and secondary schools, by school type, level, and 

charter and magnet status: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

101. Public elementary and secondary school students, by racial/ethnic enrollment concentration of 

school: Fall 1995, fall 2000, and fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

102. Public elementary and secondary schools, by type and state or jurisdiction: 1990–91, 2000–01, 

and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

103. Public elementary schools, by grade span, average school size, and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09. . 168

104. Public secondary schools, by grade span, average school size, and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 . . 169

105. Number and enrollment of traditional public and public charter elementary and secondary schools 

and percentages of students, teachers, and schools, by selected characteristics: 2007–08. . . . . 170

106. Percentage of public schools with permanent and portable (temporary) buildings and with 

environmental factors that interfere with instruction in classrooms, by selected school 

characteristics, type of factor, and extent of interference: 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

107. Percentage of public schools with enrollment under, at, or over capacity, by selected school 

characteristics: 1999 and 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xiii

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Computers and Technology

108. Number and internet access of instructional computers and rooms in public schools, by selected 

school characteristics: Selected years, 1995 through 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

109. Percentage of public school districts and schools with students enrolled in technology-based 

distance education courses and number of enrollments in such courses, by instructional level and 

district characteristics: 2002–03 and 2004–05. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

High School Completers and Dropouts

110. High school graduates, by sex and control of school: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2019–20 . . . 175

111. Public high school graduates, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1980–81 through 2008–09 . . . 176

112. Averaged freshman graduation rates for public secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: 

Selected years, 1990–91 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

113. Public high school graduates and dropouts, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08 . . 178

114. General Educational Development (GED) test takers and test passers, by age: 1971 through 2009 . 179

115. Percentage of high school dropouts among persons 16 through 24 years old (status dropout rate), 

by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1960 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

116. Percentage of high school dropouts among persons 16 through 24 years old (status dropout rate), 

by income level, and percentage distribution of status dropouts, by labor force status and 

educational attainment: 1970 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

117. Number of 14- through 21-year-old students served under Individuals with Disabilities Education 

Act, Part B, who exited school, by exit reason, age, and type of disability: United States and other 

jurisdictions, 2006–07 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Educational Achievement

118. Percentage of children demonstrating specific cognitive and motor skills at about 9 months of age, 

by child’s age and selected characteristics: 2001–02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

119. Percentage of children demonstrating specific cognitive skills, motor skills, and secure emotional 

attachment to parents at about 2 years of age, by selected characteristics: 2003–04 . . . . . . . . . 185

120. Children’s reading, language, mathematics, color knowledge, and fine motor skills at about 4 years 

of age, by age of child and selected characteristics: 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

121. Children's reading, mathematics, and fine motor scale scores at kindergarten entry, by age of child 

and selected characteristics: 2006–07 and 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

122. Mean reading scale scores and specific reading skills of fall 1998 first-time kindergartners, by time 

of assessment and selected characteristics: Selected years, fall 1998 through spring 2007 . . . . 189

123. Mean mathematics and science scale scores and specific mathematics skills of fall 1998 first-time 

kindergartners, by time of assessment and selected characteristics: Selected years, fall 1998 

through spring 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

124. Average reading scale score, by age and selected student and school characteristics: Selected 

years, 1971 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

125. Average reading scale score and standard deviation, by sex, grade, race/ethnicity, and percentile: 

Selected years, 1992 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

126. Average reading scale score, by grade and selected student and school characteristics: Selected 

years, 1992 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

127. Average reading scale scores and percentage distribution of 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds, by amount 

of reading for school, frequency of reading for fun, and time spent doing homework and watching 

TV/video: Selected years, 1984 through 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

128. Percentage of students at or above selected reading score levels, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity: 

Selected years, 1971 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

129. Average reading scale score and percentage of 4th-graders in public schools attaining reading 

achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1992 through 2009 . . 196

130. Average reading scale score and percentage of 8th-graders in public schools attaining reading 

achievement levels, by locale and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2003 through 2009 . . . . 198
xiv LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

131. Average reading scale scores of 4th- and 8th-grade public school students and percentage at or 

above selected reading achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and jurisdiction or specific urban 

district: 2007 and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

132. Average reading scale scores of 4th- and 8th-graders in public schools and percentage scoring at 

or above selected reading achievement levels, by English language learner (ELL) status and 

state or jurisdiction: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

133. Average writing scale score and percentage of students attaining writing achievement levels, by 

selected student characteristics and grade level: 2002 and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

134. Average arts scale score of 8th-graders, percentage distribution by frequency of instruction, and 

percentage participating in selected activities, by subject and selected student and school 

characteristics: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

135. Percentage of students attaining U.S. history achievement levels, by grade level and selected 

student characteristics: 2001 and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

136. Average U.S. history scale score, by grade level and selected student characteristics, and percentage 

distribution of 12th-graders, by selected student characteristics: 1994, 2001, and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . 204

137. Average civics scale score and percentage of students attaining civics achievement levels, by 

grade level and selected student characteristics: 1998 and 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

138. Average economics scale score of 12th-graders, percentage attaining economics achievement 

levels, and percentage with different levels of economics coursework, by selected student and 

school characteristics: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

139. Percentage of students attaining geography achievement levels, by grade level and selected 

student characteristics: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

140. Average mathematics scale score, by age and selected student and school characteristics: 

Selected years, 1973 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

141. Percentage of students at or above selected mathematics proficiency levels, by age, sex, and 

race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1978 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

142. Mathematics performance of 17-year-olds, by highest mathematics course taken, sex, and race/

ethnicity: Selected years, 1978 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

143. Average mathematics scale score of 4th-grade public school students and percentages attaining 

mathematics achievement levels and having 5 or more hours of mathematics instruction per 

week, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1992 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

144. Average mathematics scale score of 8th-grade public school students and percentage attaining 

mathematics achievement levels, by level of parental education and state or jurisdiction: Selected 

years, 1990 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

145. Average mathematics scale scores of 4th- and 8th-grade public school students and percentage 

at or above selected mathematics achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and jurisdiction or 

specific urban district: 2007 and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

146. Average mathematics scale scores of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders, by selected student and school 

characteristics: Selected years, 1990 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

147. Average mathematics scale score of 8th-graders and percentage reporting various attitudes toward 

mathematics work, by frequency of attitude and selected student and school characteristics: 2009. . 216

148. Average science scale scores and percentage of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders attaining science 

achievement levels, by selected student characteristics and percentile: 1996, 2000, and 2005 . . . 217

149. Average science scale score for 8th-graders in public schools, by selected student characteristics 

and state or jurisdiction: 1996, 2000, and 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

150. Average science scale score of 12th-graders and percentage reporting various attitudes toward 

science, by selected student and school characteristics: 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

151. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1986–87 

through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

152. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by sex: 1966–67 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

153. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 

1995–96 through 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xv

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

154. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors and percentage of graduates taking SAT, by state or 

jurisdiction: Selected years, 1995–96 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

155. ACT score averages and standard deviations, by sex and race/ethnicity, and percentage of ACT 

test takers, by selected composite score ranges and planned fields of study: Selected years, 

1995 through 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

156. Percentage distribution of elementary and secondary school children, by average grades and 

selected child and school characteristics: 1996, 2003, and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Coursetaking

157. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in various subject 

fields, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1982 through 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

158. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in career/technical 

education courses, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1982 through 2005. . . . 231

159. Percentage of public and private high school graduates taking selected mathematics and science 

courses in high school, by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1982 through 2005 . . . . . . . . 234

160. Average number of Carnegie units and percentage distribution of high school graduates by 

number of units earned in advanced mathematics and advanced science and engineering 

courses, by selected student and school characteristics: 1990, 2000, and 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

161. Percentage of public and private high school graduates earning minimum credits in selected 

combinations of academic courses, by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1982 through 2005. . 236

162. Public high schools that offered and students enrolled in dual credit, Advanced Placement, and 

International Baccalaureate courses, by school characteristics: 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Student Activities and Behavior

163. Percentage of high school seniors who say they engage in various activities, by selected student 

and school characteristics: 1992 and 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

164. Percentage of high school seniors who participate in various school-sponsored extracurricular 

activities, by selected student characteristics: 1994 and 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

165. Percentage of elementary and secondary school students who do homework outside of school, 

whose parents check that homework is done, and whose parents help with homework, by 

frequency and selected student and school characteristics: 2003 and 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

166. Tenth-graders’ attendance patterns, by selected student and school characteristics: 1990 and 

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

167. Percentage of schools with various security measures, by school control and selected 

characteristics: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

168. Number and percentage of public schools reporting crime incidents, and number and rate of 

incidents, by school characteristics and type of incident: 1999–2000, 2005–06, and 2007–08. . . 244

169. Number of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by 

sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

170. Percentage of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, 

by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

171. Percentage of students in grades 9 through 12 who reported experience with drugs and violence 

on school property, by race/ethnicity, grade, and sex: Selected years, 1997 through 2009 . . . . . 251

172. Percentage of 12- to 17-year-olds reporting use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during the 

past 30 days and the past year, by substance used, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1985 

through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

173. Percentage of high school seniors reporting drug use, by type of drug and reporting period: 

Selected years, 1975 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
xvi LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

State Regulations

174. Age range for compulsory school attendance and special education services, and policies on yearround schools and kindergarten programs, by state: Selected years, 2000 through 2010 . . . . . . 254

175. Minimum amount of instructional time per year and policy on textbook selection, by state: 2000, 

2006, 2008, and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

176. Credit requirements and exit exam requirements for a standard high school diploma and the use 

of other high school completion credentials, by state: 2008 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

177. States that use criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) aligned to state standards, by subject area and 

level: 2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

178. States using minimum-competency testing, by grade levels assessed, expected uses of 

standards, and state or jurisdiction: 2001–02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

179. States requiring testing for initial certification of elementary and secondary teachers, by skills or 

knowledge assessment and state: 2009 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Revenues and Expenditures

180. Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: Selected years, 

1919–20 through 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

181. Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state or jurisdiction: 

2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

182. Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state or jurisdiction: 

2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

183. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: Selected 

years, 1919–20 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

184. Students transported at public expense and current expenditures for transportation: Selected 

years, 1929–30 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

185. Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state or jurisdiction: 

Selected years, 1969–70 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

186. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or 

jurisdiction: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

187. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or 

jurisdiction: 2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

188. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and subfunction: 

Selected years, 1990–91 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

189. Expenditures for instruction in public elementary and secondary schools, by subfunction and state 

or jurisdiction: 2006–07 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

190. Total and current expenditures per pupil in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected 

years, 1919–20 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

191. Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary 

education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

192. Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary 

education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

193. Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by 

state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969–70 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

194. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary 

schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1959–60 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xvii

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Chapter 3. Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

195. Enrollment, staff, and degrees conferred in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV 

programs, by type and control of institution, sex of student, type of staff, and type of degree: Fall 

2008, fall 2009, and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

196. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in degree-granting institutions: 

Selected years, 1869–70 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

197. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and 

control of institution: Selected years, 1947 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

198. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: 

1963 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

199. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by sex, age, and attendance status: Selected 

years, 1970 through 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

200. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, age, and 

attendance status of student: 2007 and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

201. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution, age, and 

attendance status of student: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

202. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, attendance status, 

and type and control of institution: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

203. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, attendance status, 

and type and control of institution: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

204. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and type 

and control of institution: Selected years, 1970 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

205. Fall enrollment and number of degree-granting institutions, by control and affiliation of institution: 

Selected years, 1980 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

206. Total first-time freshmen fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex 

of student, and type and control of institution: 1955 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

207. Total first-time freshmen fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, 

control of institution, and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2000 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

208. Recent high school completers and their enrollment in college, by sex: 1960 through 2009 . . . . . 303

209. Recent high school completers and their enrollment in college, by race/ethnicity: 1960 through 2009 . 304

210. Graduation rates of previous year’s 12th-graders and college attendance rates of those who 

graduated, by selected high school characteristics: 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 . . . . . . 306

211. Estimated rate of 2007–08 high school graduates attending degree-granting institutions, by state: 2008 307

212. Enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds in degree-granting institutions, by type of institution and sex 

and race/ethnicity of student: 1967 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

213. Total undergraduate fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of 

student, and control of institution: 1967 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

214. Total postbaccalaureate fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex 

of student, and control of institution: 1967 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

215. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1970 through 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

216. Total fall enrollment in public degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1970 through 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

217. Total fall enrollment in private degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1970 through 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

218. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or 

jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

219. Total fall enrollment in public degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or 

jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
xviii LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

220. Total fall enrollment in private degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or 

jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

221. Total fall enrollment in private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, 

and state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

222. Total fall enrollment in private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and 

state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

223. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution and state or 

jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

224. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment and state or jurisdiction: 

Selected years, 2000 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

225. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control, level of enrollment, type of 

institution, and state or jurisdiction: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

226. Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: 

1967 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

227. Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution 

and state or jurisdiction: 2000, 2007, and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

228. Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and state or 

jurisdiction: 2000, 2007, and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

229. Total 12-month enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution and 

state or jurisdiction: 2007–08 and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

230. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in degree-granting institutions, by state or 

jurisdiction: Fall 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

231. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in degree-granting institutions who graduated 

from high school in the previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

232. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in 4-year degree-granting institutions who 

graduated from high school in the previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008 . . . . . . 328

233. Number of U.S. students studying abroad and percentage distribution, by sex, race/ethnicity, 

academic level, host region, and duration of stay: 1996–97 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

234. Foreign students enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States, by continent, 

region, and selected countries of origin: Selected years, 1980–81 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . 330

235. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, attendance status, and 

level of student: Selected years, 1976 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

236. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and type and 

control of institution: Selected years, 1976 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

237. Fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and state or jurisdiction: 

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

238. Fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and by state or 

jurisdiction: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

239. Fall enrollment of specific racial/ethnic groups in degree-granting institutions, by type and control 

of institution and percentage of students in the same racial/ethnic group: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

240. Number and percentage distribution of students enrolled in postsecondary institutions, by level, 

disability status, and selected student characteristics: 2003–04 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

241. Percentage of first-year undergraduate students who took remedial education courses, by 

selected characteristics: 2003–04 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

242. Enrollment in postsecondary education, by student level, type of institution, age, and major field of 

study: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

243. Graduate enrollment in science and engineering programs in degree-granting institutions, by 

discipline division: Fall 1996 through fall 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

244. Number of degree-granting institutions and enrollment in these institutions, by size, type, and 

control of institution: Fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: 

Selected years, 1990 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xix

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

246. Enrollment of the 120 largest degree-granting college and university campuses, by selected 

characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

247. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting women’s colleges, by selected 

characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic 

undergraduate students, by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09. . . . . . . . 358

249. Fall enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting tribally controlled institutions, by 

institution: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2009, and 2007–08 and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . 367

250. Fall enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in degree-granting historically Black colleges 

and universities, by institution: 2008, 2009, and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

251. Selected statistics on degree-granting historically Black colleges and universities, by control and 

type of institution: Selected years, 1990 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

252. Fall enrollment in degree-granting historically Black colleges and universities, by type and control 

of institution: Selected years, 1976 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Staff

253. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by sex, employment status, control and type of 

institution, and primary occupation: Selected years, fall 1989 through fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

254. Total and full-time-equivalent staff in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, control of 

institution, and occupation: Fall 1976, fall 1999, and fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

255. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, sex, control and type of 

institution, and primary occupation: Fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

256. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, employment status, control and 

type of institution, and primary occupation: Fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

257. Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and faculty, and FTE staff and faculty/FTE student ratios 

in public degree-granting institutions, by type of institution and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2009. . . 377

258. Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and faculty, and FTE staff and faculty/FTE student ratios 

in private degree-granting institutions, by type of institution and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2009 . . 378

259. Number of instructional faculty in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, sex, control, 

and type of institution: Selected years, fall 1970 through fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

260. Full-time instructional faculty in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, and academic 

rank: Fall 2005, fall 2007, and fall 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

261. Percentage distribution of full-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by 

type and control of institution, selected instruction activities, and number of classes taught for 

credit: Fall 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

262. Percentage distribution of part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by 

type and control of institution, selected instruction activities, and number of classes taught for 

credit: Fall 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

263. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by type and 

control of institution and selected characteristics: Fall 1992, fall 1998, and fall 2003 . . . . . . . . . . 385

264. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by race/

ethnicity, sex, and selected characteristics: Fall 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

265. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by field and 

faculty characteristics: Fall 1992, fall 1998, and fall 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

266. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by race/

ethnicity, sex, and program area: Fall 1998 and fall 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

267. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting 

institutions, by academic rank, control and type of institution, and sex: Selected years, 

1970–71 through 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

268. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting 

institutions, by sex, academic rank, and control and type of institution: Selected years, 

1999–2000 through 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
xx LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

269. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting 

institutions, by control and type of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

270. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting 

institutions, by control and type of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

271. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in 4-year degree-granting 

institutions, by type and control of institution, rank of faculty, and state or jurisdiction: 2009–10 . . . 399

272. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in 4-year degree-granting 

institutions, by type and control of institution, rank of faculty, and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 . . . 400

273. Average benefit expenditure for full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting 

institutions, by type of benefit and control of institution: Selected years, 1977–78 through 2009–10. . . 401

274. Percentage of full-time instructional staff with tenure for degree-granting institutions with a tenure 

system, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1993–94 

through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Institutions

275. Degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: Selected years, 1949–50 through 

2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

276. Degree-granting institutions and branches, by type and control of institution and state or 

jurisdiction: 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

277. Number of non-degree-granting Title IV institutions offering postsecondary education, by control 

and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2000–01 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

278. Degree-granting institutions that have closed their doors, by control and type of institution: 

1969–70 through 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Degrees

279. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected 

years, 1869–70 through 2019–20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

280. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by discipline division: 

1997–98 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

281. Associate’s degrees and other subbaccalaureate awards conferred by degree-granting 

institutions, by length of curriculum, sex of student, and discipline division: 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . 411

282. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study: Selected years, 

1970–71 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

283. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study: Selected years, 

1970–71 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

284. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study: Selected years, 

1970–71 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

285. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of 

study and year: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of 

student and discipline division: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

287. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by control of institution and level of degree: 

1969–70 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

288. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by control of institution, level of degree, and 

field of study: 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

289. Number of degree-granting institutions conferring degrees, by control, level of degree, and field of 

study: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

290. Number of institutions and first-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions in 

dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . 434

291. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student, control of 

institution, and field of study: Selected years, 1985–86 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xxi

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

292. Certificates conferred by postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by race/

ethnicity and sex of student: 1998–99 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

293. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of 

student: Selected years, 1976–77 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

294. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

295. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

296. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 

Selected years, 1976–77 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

297. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

298. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

299. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 

Selected years, 1976–77 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

300. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

301. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

302. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 

Selected years, 1976–77 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

303. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

304. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of 

study: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

305. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of 

student: Selected years, 1976–77 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

306. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and 

field of study: 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

307. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and 

field of study: 2007–08. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

308. Degrees in agriculture and natural resources conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of 

degree and sex of student: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

309. Degrees in architecture and related services conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of 

degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

310. Degrees in the biological and biomedical sciences conferred by degree-granting institutions, by 

level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1951–52 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

311. Degrees in biology, microbiology, and zoology conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level 

of degree: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

312. Degrees in business conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of 

student: Selected years, 1955–56 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

313. Degrees in communication, journalism, and related programs and in communications technologies 

conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 through 

2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

314. Degrees in computer and information sciences conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level 

of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

315. Degrees in education conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of 

student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

316. Degrees in engineering and engineering technologies conferred by degree-granting institutions, by 

level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
xxii LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

317. Degrees in chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering conferred by degree-granting 

institutions, by level of degree: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

318. Degrees in English language and literature/letters conferred by degree-granting institutions, by 

level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

319. Degrees in modern foreign languages and literatures conferred by degree-granting institutions, by 

level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

320. Degrees in French, German, Italian, and Spanish conferred by degree-granting institutions, by 

level of degree: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

321. Degrees in Arabic, Chinese, Korean, and Russian conferred by degree-granting institutions, by 

level of degree: 1969–70 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

322. Degrees in the health professions and related sciences conferred by degree-granting institutions, 

by level of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

323. Degrees in mathematics and statistics conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree 

and sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

324. Degrees in the physical sciences and science technologies conferred by degree-granting 

institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1959–60 through 2008–09 . . 467

325. Degrees in chemistry, geology and earth science, and physics conferred by degree-granting 

institutions, by level of degree: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

326. Degrees in psychology conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of 

student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

327. Degrees in public administration and social services conferred by degree-granting institutions, by 

level of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

328. Degrees in the social sciences and history conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of 

degree and sex of student: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

329. Degrees in economics, history, political science and government, and sociology conferred by 

degree-granting institutions, by level of degree: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09 . . . . 472

330. Degrees in visual and performing arts conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree 

and sex of student: 1970–71 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

331. Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor’s degrees, by field of study and selected 

characteristics: 2006–07 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

332. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by control, level of degree, and state or 

jurisdiction: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

333. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study and state or 

jurisdiction: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

334. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study and state or 

jurisdiction: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

335. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and state or jurisdiction: 

2007–08 and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

336. Doctor’s degrees conferred by the 60 institutions conferring the most doctor’s degrees: 1999–2000 

through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Outcomes

337. Percentage distribution of 1990 high school sophomores, by highest level of education 

completed through 2000 and selected student characteristics: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

338. Number and percentage of degree-granting institutions with first-year undergraduates using 

various selection criteria for admission, by type and control of institution: Selected years, 

2000–01 through 2009–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

339. Number of applications, admissions, and enrollees; their distribution across institutions accepting 

various percentages of applications; and SAT and ACT scores of enrollees, by type and control 

of institution: 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xxiii

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

340. Percentage of degree-granting institutions offering remedial services, by control and type of 

institution: 1989–90 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

341. Graduation rates of first-time postsecondary students who started as full-time degree-seeking 

students, by sex, race/ethnicity, time between starting and graduating, and level and control of 

institution where student started: Selected cohort entry years, 1996 through 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . 484

342. Retention of first-time degree-seeking undergraduates at degree-granting institutions, by attendance 

status, control and type of institution, and percentage of applications accepted: 2006 to 2008 . . . . 488

343. Percentage distribution of enrollment and completion status of first-time postsecondary students 

starting during the 1995–96 academic year, by type of institution and other student 

characteristics: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

344. Average scores on Graduate Record Examination (GRE) general and subject tests: 1965

through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

345. Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students 

in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution: 1964–65 through 2009–10 . . . . 493

346. Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students 

in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 

and 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

347. Undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates for full-time students in degree-granting 

institutions, by percentile of charges and control and type of institution: Selected years, 2000–01 

through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

348. Average graduate and first-professional tuition and required fees in degree-granting institutions, 

by first-professional field of study and control of institution: 1988–89 through 2009–10 . . . . . . . . 498

349. Percentage of undergraduates receiving aid, by type and source of aid and selected student 

characteristics: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

350. Full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students enrolled in degree-granting 

institutions, by participation and average amount awarded in financial aid programs, and type and 

control of institution: 2000–01 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

351. Average amount of financial aid awarded to full-time, full-year undergraduates, by type and source 

of aid and selected student characteristics: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

352. Average amount of financial aid awarded to part-time or part-year undergraduates, by type and 

source of aid and selected student characteristics: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

353. Amount borrowed, aid status, and sources of aid for full-time and part-time undergraduates, by 

control and type of institution: 2003–04 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

354. Percentage of full-time, full-year undergraduates receiving aid, by type and source of aid and 

control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

355. Average amount of financial aid awarded to full-time, full-year undergraduates, by type and source 

of aid and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . 505

356. Percentage of part-time or part-year undergraduates receiving aid, by type and source of aid and 

control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

357. Percentage of full-time and part-time undergraduates receiving federal aid, by aid program and 

control and type of institution: 2003–04 and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

358. Amount borrowed, aid status, and sources of aid for full-time, full-year postbaccalaureate students, 

by level of study and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08 . . 509

359. Amount borrowed, aid status, and sources of aid for part-time or part-year postbaccalaureate 

students, by level of study and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93

through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

360. Percentage of full-time, full-year postbaccalaureate students receiving aid, by type of aid, level of 

study, and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . 511

361. Percentage of part-time or part-year postbaccalaureate students receiving aid, by type of aid, level 

of study, and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . 512
xxiv LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Revenue

362. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of revenue and type of institution: 

2005–06 through 2008–09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

363. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of revenue and state or jurisdiction: 

2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

364. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of revenue and state or jurisdiction: 

2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

365. Appropriations from state and local governments for public degree-granting institutions, by state 

or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

366. Total revenue of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of 

institution: 1999–2000 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

367. Total revenue of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of 

institution: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

368. Total revenue of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of 

institution: Selected years, 1999–2000 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

369. Total revenue of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of 

institution: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

370. Revenue received from the federal government by the 120 degree-granting institutions receiving 

the largest amounts, by control and rank order: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

371. Voluntary support for degree-granting institutions, by source and purpose of support: Selected 

years, 1959–60 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

372. Endowment funds of the 120 colleges and universities with the largest endowments, by rank order: 

2008 and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

Expenditures

373. Expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by purpose of expenditure and type of 

institution: 2003–04 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

374. Expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by type of institution, purpose of expenditure, 

and state or jurisdiction: 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

375. Total expenditures of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of 

institution: 1998–99 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

376. Total expenditures of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of 

institution: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

377. Total expenditures of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of 

institution: 1999–2000 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

378. Total expenditures of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of 

institution: 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

379. Total expenditures of private not-for-profit and for-profit degree-granting institutions, by level and 

state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1999–2000 through 2008–09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xxv

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Chapter 4. Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

380. Federal support and estimated federal tax expenditures for education, by category: Selected fiscal 

years, 1965 through 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

381. Federal on-budget funds for education, by agency: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2009. . . . 549

382. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level/educational purpose, agency, and program: 

Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

383. Estimated federal support for education, by type of ultimate recipient and agency: Fiscal year 2009 . . 556

384. U.S. Department of Education outlays, by type of recipient and level of education: Selected fiscal 

years, 1980 through 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

385. U.S. Department of Education appropriations for major programs, by state or jurisdiction: Fiscal 

year 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

386. Appropriations for Title I and selected other programs under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, 

by program and state or jurisdiction: Fiscal years 2009 and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

387. Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by category of obligation, 

performers, and fields of science: Fiscal years 2001 through 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Chapter 5. Outcomes of Education

Educational Characteristics of the Workforce

388. Labor force participation rates and employment to population ratios of persons 16 to 64 years old, 

by educational attainment, age, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567

389. Unemployment rate of persons 16 years old and over, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational 

attainment: 2007, 2008, and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

390. Occupation of employed persons 25 years old and over, by educational attainment and sex: 2009. . 569

391. Median annual earnings of year-round, full-time workers 25 years old and over, by highest level of 

educational attainment and sex: 1990 through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

392. Distribution of earnings and median earnings of persons 25 years old and over, by highest level of 

educational attainment and sex: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574

393. Literacy skills of adults, by type of literacy, proficiency levels, and selected characteristics: 1992 

and 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

394. Percentage of 12th-graders working different numbers of hours per week, by selected student 

characteristics and school locale type: 1992 and 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Recent High School and College Graduates

395. Labor force status of 2007, 2008, and 2009 high school completers, by sex, race/ethnicity, and 

college enrollment status: 2007, 2008, and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

396. Labor force status of high school dropouts, by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1980

through 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

397. Among special education students out of high school up to 8 years, percentage attending and 

completing postsecondary education, living independently, and working competitively, by type of 

disability: 2007 and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

398. Percentage distribution of 1999–2000 bachelor’s degree recipients 1 year after graduation, by field 

of study, time to completion, enrollment status, employment status, occupational area, job 

characteristics, and annual salaries: 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

399. Percentage of bachelor’s degree recipients employed full time 1 year after graduation and average 

annual salary, by field of study: Selected years, 1976 through 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

400. Percentage of 18- to 25-year-olds reporting use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during the 

past 30 days and the past year, by substance used: Selected years, 1982 through 2008 . . . . . . 584
xxvi LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

401. Percentage of 18- to 25-year-olds reporting use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during the past 

30 days and the past year, by substance used and selected characteristics: 2003 and 2008. . . . . 585

402. Percentage of 1972 high school seniors, 1992 high school seniors, and 2004 high school seniors who 

felt that certain life values were “very important,” by sex: Selected years, 1972 through 2004 . . . . . 586

Chapter 6. International Comparisons of Education

Population, Enrollment, and Teachers

403. Population, school enrollment, and teachers, by major areas of the world: Selected years, 1980 

through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

404. Selected population and enrollment statistics for countries with populations over 10 million in 2008, 

by continent: Selected years, 1990 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

405. School-age populations as a percentage of total population, by age group and country: Selected 

years, 1985 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

406. Percentage of population enrolled in secondary and postsecondary education, by age group and 

country: Selected years, 1985 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

407. Pupils per teacher in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by level of education 

and country: Selected years, 1985 through 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

408. Average reading literacy, mathematics literacy, and science literacy scores of 15-year-old 

students, by sex and country: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

409. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each reading literacy 

proficiency level, by country: 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

410. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each mathematics 

literacy proficiency level, by country: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

411. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each science literacy 

proficiency level, by country: 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

412. Average fourth-grade mathematics scores, by content and cognitive domain, index of time spent 

doing mathematics homework, and country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

413. Average eighth-grade mathematics scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, by 

country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

414. Percentage distribution of mathematics lesson time spent by eighth-grade students on various 

activities in a typical week, by country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

415. Mathematics class sizes and average scores of eighth-grade students, yearly mathematics 

instructional time, and mathematics instructional time as a percentage of total instructional time, 

by country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

416. Average mathematics scores and percentage distribution of eighth-graders, by index of selfconfidence in learning mathematics, index of time spent doing mathematics homework, and 

country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

417. Average fourth-grade science scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, yearly science 

instructional time, and science instructional time as a percentage of total instructional time, by 

country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

418. Average eighth-grade science scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, by country: 

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

419. Percentage distribution of science lesson time spent by eighth-grade students on various activities 

in a typical week, by country: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES xxvii

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Attainment and Degrees

420. Percentage of the population 25 to 64 years old who completed high school, by age group and 

country: 2001, 2005, and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

421. Percentage of the population 25 to 64 years old who attained selected levels of postsecondary 

education, by age group and country: 2001 and 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

422. Number of bachelor's degree recipients per 100 persons of the typical age of graduation, by sex 

and country: 2002 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

423. Percentage of bachelor's degrees awarded in mathematics and science, by field and country: 

Selected years, 1990 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616

424. Percentage of graduate degrees awarded in mathematics and science, by field and country: 

Selected years, 1990 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

Finances

425. Public and private education expenditures per student, by level of education and country: Selected 

years, 2000 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

426. Public and private direct expenditures on education as a percentage of the gross domestic 

product, by level of education and country: Selected years, 1995 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

Chapter 7. Libraries and Adult Education

Libraries

427. Selected statistics on public school libraries/media centers, by level of school: 1999–2000, 

2003–04, and 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

428. Selected statistics on public school libraries/media centers, by level and enrollment size of school: 

2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

429. Selected statistics on public school libraries/media centers, by state: 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

430. Collections, staff, and operating expenditures of degree-granting institution libraries: Selected 

years, 1976–77 through 2007–08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

431. Collections, staff, and operating expenditures of the 60 largest college and university libraries: 

Fiscal year 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

432. Public libraries, books and serial volumes, library visits, circulation, and reference transactions, by 

state: Fiscal years 2007 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Adult Education

433. Participants in state-administered adult basic education, secondary education, and English as a 

second language programs, by type of program and state or jurisdiction: Selected fiscal years, 

1990 through 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

434. Participation of employed persons, 17 years old and over, in career-related adult education during 

the previous 12 months, by selected characteristics of participants: 1995, 1999, and 2005 . . . . . 629

435. Participation rate of persons, 17 years old and over, in adult education during the previous 12 

months, by selected characteristics of participants: Selected years, 1991 through 2005 . . . . . . . 632
xxviii LIST OF REFERENCE TABLES

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Appendix A. Guide to Sources

A-1. Respondent counts for selected High School and Beyond surveys: 1982, 1984, and 1986 . . . . . . 673

A-2. Design effects (DEFF) and root design effects (DEFT) for selected High School and Beyond 

surveys and subsamples: 1984 and 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

A-3. Respondent counts of full-time workers from the Recent College Graduates survey, by field of 

study: Selected years, 1976 to 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

A-4. Minimum differences required for significance (90 percent confidence level) between sample 

subgroups from the “Status of the American Public School Teacher” survey: 2005–06 . . . . . . . . 674
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 1

INTRODUCTION

In fall 2010, about 75.9 million people were enrolled in

American schools and colleges (table 1). About 4.6 million

people were employed as elementary and secondary school

teachers or as college faculty, in full-time equivalents (FTE).

Other professional, administrative, and support staff at educational institutions totaled 5.4 million. All data for 2010 in

this Introduction are projected. Some data for other years are

projected or estimated as noted. In discussions of historical

trends, different time periods and specific years are cited,

depending on the timing of important changes as well as the

availability of relevant data.

Elementary/Secondary Education

Enrollment

A pattern of annual increases in total public elementary

and secondary school enrollment began in 1985 (table 3).

Between 1985 and 2010, public school enrollment rose 25

percent, from 39.4 million to 49.4 million (table 2). Private

school enrollment grew more slowly than public school

enrollment during this period, rising 7 percent, from 5.6 million to 6.0 million. As a result, the percentage of elementary

and secondary students enrolled in private schools declined

from 12.4 percent in 1985 to 10.8 percent in 2010.

In public schools between 1985 and 2010, there was a 28

percent increase in elementary enrollment (prekindergarten

through grade 8), compared with an 18 percent increase

in secondary enrollment. Part of the relatively fast growth

in public elementary school enrollment resulted from the

expansion of prekindergarten enrollment (table 39). Between

1985 and 2008, enrollment in prekindergarten increased

679 percent, while enrollment in other elementary grades

(including kindergarten through grade 8 plus ungraded elementary programs) increased 23 percent. The number of

children enrolled in prekindergarten increased from 0.2 million in 1985 to 1.2 million in 2008, and the number enrolled

in other elementary grades increased from 26.9 million to

33.1 million. Public secondary school enrollment declined 8

percent from 1985 to 1990, but then started increasing. For

most of the period after 1992, secondary enrollment

increased more rapidly than elementary enrollment, leading

to relatively large secondary enrollment gains in recent

years. For example, between 2000 and 2010, public secondary school enrollment rose 8 percent, compared with 3 percent for public elementary school enrollment (table 2).

Overall, public school enrollment rose 5 percent between

2000 and 2010.

Since the enrollment rates of 5- and 6-year-olds, 7- to 13-

year-olds, and 14- to 17-year-olds changed by about 2 or

fewer percentage points between 1985 and 2009, increases

in public and private elementary and secondary school

enrollment have been driven primarily by increases in the

number of children in these age groups (tables 7 and 20).

Increases in the enrollment rate of 3- and 4-year-old children

(from 39 percent in 1985 to 52 percent in 2009) and the number of children in this age group (from 7.1 million to 8.4 million) also contributed to overall enrollment increases.

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)

forecasts record levels of total elementary and secondary

enrollment through at least 2019, reflecting expected

increases in the size of the school-age population. For public

schools, the projected fall 2010 enrollment is expected to be

a new record, and new records are expected every year

through 2019, the last year for which NCES enrollment projections have been developed (table 3). Public elementary

school enrollment (prekindergarten through grade 8) is projected to increase by 7 percent between 2010 and 2019. Public secondary school enrollment (grades 9 through 12) is

expected to increase 4 percent between 2010 and 2019.

Overall, total public school enrollment is expected to

increase 6 percent between 2010 and 2019.

Teachers 

A projected 3.6 million full-time-equivalent (FTE) elementary and secondary school teachers were engaged in classroom instruction in fall 2010 (table 4). This number has risen

8 percent since 2000. The 2010 projected number of FTE

teachers includes 3.2 million public school teachers and 0.5

million private school teachers. 

The number of public school teachers has increased by a

larger percentage than the number of public school students

over the past 10 years, resulting in declines in the pupil/

teacher ratio (table 68). In the fall of 2010, there were a projected 15.6 public school pupils per teacher, compared with

16.0 public school pupils per teacher 10 years earlier. 

The average salary for public school teachers in 2009–10

was $55,350, about 3 percent higher than in 1990–91, after

adjustment for inflation (table 82). The salaries of public

school teachers have generally maintained pace with inflation

since 1990–91.
2 INTRODUCTION

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Student Performance

Most of the student performance data in the Digest are

drawn from the National Assessment of Educational Progress

(NAEP). The NAEP assessments have been conducted using

three basic designs: the national main NAEP, state NAEP, and

long-term trend NAEP. The national main NAEP and state

NAEP provide current information about student performance in a variety of subjects, while long-term trend NAEP

provides information on performance since the early 1970s in

reading and mathematics only. Results from long-term trend

NAEP are included in the discussion in chapter 2 of the

Digest, while the information in this Introduction includes

only results from the national main and state NAEP. 

The main NAEP reports current information for the nation

and specific geographic regions of the country. The assessment program includes students drawn from both public and

nonpublic schools and reports results for student achievement

at grades 4, 8, and 12. The main NAEP assessments follow the

frameworks developed by the National Assessment Governing Board and use the latest advances in assessment methodology. The state NAEP is identical in content to the national

main NAEP, but the state NAEP reports information only for

public school students. Chapter 2 presents more information

on the NAEP designs and methodology, and additional details

appear in Appendix A: Guide to Sources.

Reading

The main NAEP assessment data are reported on a scale

of 0 to 500. From 2007 to 2009, there were no measurable

changes in average reading scores for 4th-grade males and

females or for 4th-grade students from any of the five racial/

ethnic groups (table 125). From 1992 to 2009, male 4thgraders’ average reading scores increased from 213 to 218

and female 4th-graders’ scores increased from 221 to 224

(table 126). At grade 4, the average reading scores in 2009

for White, Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and

American Indian/Alaska Native students were not measurably different from their scores in 2007 (table 125). The

2009 reading scores for White, Black, and Hispanic students

did, however, remain higher than scores from assessment

years prior to 2007. The 2009 average NAEP reading scale

score for 8th-graders was 1 point higher than the 2007 score

and 4 points higher than the 1992 score, but the 2009 score

was not always measurably different from the scores on the

assessments given between 1994 and 2005. For 12th-graders, the 2009 average reading score was 4 points lower than

the score in 1992 but 2 points higher than the score in 2005

(12th-graders were not assessed in 2007).

The 2009 main NAEP reading assessment of states found

that the average reading proficiency of public school 4thand 8th-graders varied across participating jurisdictions (the

50 states, the Department of Defense overseas and domestic

schools, and the District of Columbia). For 4th-graders in

public schools, the U.S. average score was 220, with average

scores in participating jurisdictions ranging from 202 in the

District of Columbia to 234 in Massachusetts (table 129).

For 8th-graders in public schools, the U.S. average score

was 262, with average scores in participating jurisdictions

ranging from 242 in the District of Columbia to 274 in Massachusetts (table 130).

Mathematics

From 2007 to 2009, gains in average NAEP mathematics

scores seen in earlier years continued at grade 8 but not at

grade 4. At grade 8, the average NAEP mathematics score

(reported on a scale of 0 to 500) increased 2 points from

2007 to 2009 and was higher in 2009 than in any previous

assessment year (table 146). At grade 4, the average score in

2009 was unchanged from the score in 2007 but still higher

than the scores in the six assessment years from 1990 to

2005. From 2007 to 2009, no significant score changes

occurred at grade 4 for males or females or for any of the

racial/ethnic groups. At grade 8, average scores increased

from 2007 to 2009 for both male and female students as well

as for White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander

students. For American Indian/Alaska Native 8th-graders,

no measurable differences were detected in average scores

over the assessment years. Because of major changes to the

grade 12 mathematics assessment, results from 2005 and 2009

cannot be compared with results from earlier assessment years.

For 12th-graders, the average mathematics score (reported

on a scale of 0 to 300) was 3 points higher in 2009 than in

2005. Average scores increased from 2005 to 2009 for both

male and female 12th-graders as well as for 12th-graders

from all the racial/ethnic groups.

The 2009 main NAEP assessment of states found that the

average mathematics proficiency of public school 4th- and

8th-graders varied across participating jurisdictions (the 50

states, the Department of Defense overseas and domestic

schools, and the District of Columbia). For 4th-graders in

public schools, the U.S. average score was 239, with average

scores in participating jurisdictions ranging from 219 in the

District of Columbia to 251 in New Hampshire and 252 in

Massachusetts (table 143). For 8th-graders in public schools,

the U.S. average score was 282, with average scores in participating jurisdictions ranging from 254 in the District of

Columbia to 299 in Massachusetts (table 144).

Science

NAEP has assessed the science abilities of students in

grades 4, 8, and 12 in both public and private schools since

1996, using a separate scale of 0 to 300 for each grade. The

national average 4th-grade science score increased from 147

in 1996 to 151 in 2005; there was no measurable change in

the 8th-grade score; and the 12th-grade score decreased

from 150 in 1996 to 147 in 2005 (table 148). Certain subgroups outperformed others in science in 2005. For example,

males outperformed females at all three grades. Male 4thgraders had a higher average score in 2005 than in 1996, and

both male and female 12th-graders had lower scores in 2005

than in 1996. White students scored higher, on average, than

Black and Hispanic students at all three grades in 2005.

At grade 4, average scores were higher for White, Black,
INTRODUCTION 3

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander students in 2005 than

in 1996. At grade 8, the average score for Black students was

higher in 2005 than in 1996, but the scores did not measurably change for other racial/ethnic groups. At grade 12, there

were no measurable changes between the 2005 and 1996

average scores for any racial/ethnic group.

International Comparisons

The 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science

Study (TIMSS) assessed students’ mathematics and science

performance at grade 4 in 36 countries and at grade 8 in 48

countries. The assessment is curriculum based and measures

what students have actually learned against the subject matter that is expected to be taught in the participating countries

by the end of grades 4 and 8. At both grades, TIMSS scores

are reported on a scale of 0 to 1,000, with the scale average

fixed at 500. In 2007, the average mathematics scores of

U.S. 4th-graders (529) and 8th-graders (508) were higher

than the scale average (tables 412 and 413). U.S. 4th-graders

scored higher in mathematics, on average, than their counterparts in 23 countries and lower than those in 8 countries

(table 412). Average mathematics scores in the other 4 countries were not measurably different from the U.S. average.

At grade 8, the average U.S. mathematics score was higher

than the average scores of students in 37 countries in 2007

and below the average scores of students in 5 countries

(table 413). Average 8th-grade mathematics scores in the

other 5 countries were not measurably different from the

U.S. average. The average science scores of both U.S. 4thgraders (539) and U.S. eighth-graders (520) were higher

than the fixed TIMSS scale average of 500 in 2007 (tables

417 and 418). The average U.S. 4th-grade science score was

higher than the average scores of students in 25 countries,

lower than those of students in 4 countries, and not measurably different from those in the remaining 6 countries (table

417). At grade 8, the average U.S. science score was higher

than the average scores of students in 35 of the 47 other

countries, lower than those in 9 countries, and not measurably different from those in the other 3 countries (table 418).

The 2009 Program for International Student Assessment

(PISA) assessed 15-year-olds’ reading, mathematics, and

science literacy in 34 countries that are members of the

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

(OECD) and in 31 non-OECD jurisdictions. PISA scores

are reported on a scale of 0 to 1,000. In reading literacy, the

average score of 15-year-olds in the United States was 500,

which was not measurably different from the OECD average of 493 (table 408). The average reading literacy score in

the United States was lower than the average score in 6 of

the 33 other OECD countries that participated in the 2009

assessment, higher than the average score in 13 of the other

OECD countries, and not measurably different from the

average score in 14 of the OECD countries. Three of the 31

participating non-OECD jurisdictions had higher average

reading literacy scores than the United States. In mathematics literacy, U.S. 15-year-olds’ average score of 487 on the

2009 PISA was lower than the OECD average score of 496.

The average mathematics literacy score in the United States

was lower than the average score in 17 OECD countries,

higher than the average score in 5 OECD countries, and not

measurably different from the average score in 11 OECD

countries. Six of the non-OECD jurisdictions had higher

average mathematics literacy scores than the United States.

In science literacy, the average score of 15-year-olds in the

United States was not measurably different from the OECD

average score. The U.S. average science literacy score was

lower than the average score in 12 OECD countries, higher

than the average score in 9 OECD countries, and not measurably different from the average score in 12 OECD countries. Six of the non-OECD jurisdictions had higher science

literacy scores than the United States.

High School Graduates and Dropouts

About 3,252,000 high school students are expected to

graduate during the 2010–11 school year (table 110), including about 2,937,000 public school graduates and 315,000

private school graduates. High school graduates include

only recipients of diplomas, not recipients of equivalency

credentials. The number of high school graduates projected

for 2010–11 is lower than the record-high projection for

2008–09, but exceeds the high point during the baby boom

era in 1975–76, when 3,142,000 students earned diplomas.

In 2007–08, an estimated 74.7 percent of public high school

students graduated on time—that is, received a diploma 4

years after beginning their freshman year (table 112). 

The number of General Educational Development

(GED) credentials issued by the states to GED test passers

rose from 330,000 in 1977 to 487,000 in 2000 (table 114).

A record number of 648,000 GED credentials were issued

in 2001. In 2002, there were revisions to the GED test and

to the data reporting procedures. In 2001, test takers were

required to successfully complete all five components of the

GED or else begin the five-part series again with the new

test that was introduced in 2002. Prior to 2002, reporting

was based on summary data from the states on the number

of GED credentials issued. As of 2002, reporting has been

based on individual GED candidate- and test-level records

collected by the GED Testing Service. In 2009, about

448,000 passed the GED tests, up from 330,000 in 2002, the

first year of the new test series.1

The percentage of dropouts among 16- to 24-year-olds

has shown some decreases over the past 20 years. This percentage, known as the status dropout rate, includes all people in the 16- to 24-year-old age group who are not enrolled

in school and who have not completed a high school program, regardless of when they left school. (People who left

school but went on to receive a GED credential are not

treated as dropouts in this measure.) Between 1989 and

2009, the status dropout rate declined from 12.6 percent to

1 Information on changes in GED test series and reporting is based on the

2003 edition of Who Passed the GED Tests?, by the GED Testing Service

of the American Council on Education, as well as communication with staff

of the GED Testing Service.
4 INTRODUCTION

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

8.1 percent (table 115). Although the status dropout rate

declined for both Blacks and Hispanics during this period,

their rates in 2009 (9.3 and 17.6 percent, respectively)

remained higher than the rate for Whites (5.2 percent). This

measure is based on the civilian noninstitutionalized population, which excludes people in prisons, people in the military, and other people not living in households.

Educational Technology

The number of computers used for instruction in public

elementary and secondary schools has increased. In 2008,

the average public school contained 189 instructional computers, compared to 110 in 2000 (table 108). Most of these

computers (98 percent) had internet access in 2008, up from

77 percent in 2000. There were 3 students per computer with

internet access in 2008, compared to 7 students per computer

with internet access in 2000. 

Postsecondary Education

College Enrollment

College enrollment was a projected 20.6 million in fall

2010, higher than in any previous year (table 3). College

enrollment is expected to continue setting new records from

fall 2011 through fall 2019. Between fall 2010 and fall 2019,

enrollment is expected to increase by 14 percent. Despite

decreases in the size of the traditional college-age population (18 to 24 years old) during the late 1980s and early

1990s, total enrollment increased during this period (tables

20 and 197). The traditional college-age population rose 14

percent between 1999 and 2009, and total college enrollment

increased 38 percent during the same period. Between 1999

and 2009, the number of full-time students increased by 45

percent, compared to a 28 percent increase in part-time students (table 197). During the same time period, the number

of males enrolled increased 35 percent, while the number of

females enrolled increased 40 percent. 

Faculty

In fall 2009, degree-granting institutions—defined as

postsecondary institutions that grant an associate’s or higher

degree and are eligible for Title IV federal financial aid programs—employed 1.4 million faculty members, including

0.7 million full-time and 0.7 million part-time faculty (table

255). In addition, degree-granting institutions employed

0.3 million graduate assistants.

Postsecondary Degrees

During the 2010–11 academic year, postsecondary

degrees are projected to number 818,000 associate’s degrees;

1,696,000 bachelor’s degrees; 687,000 master’s degrees;

100,700 first-professional degrees; and 71,700 doctor’s

degrees (table 279). Between 1998–99 and 2008–09 (the last

year of actual data), the number of degrees conferred rose at

all levels. The number of associate’s degrees was 41 percent

higher in 2008–09 than in 1998–99, the number of bachelor’s degrees was 33 percent higher, the number of master’s

degrees was 49 percent higher, the number of first-professional degrees was 17 percent higher, and the number of

doctor’s degrees was 54 percent higher. 

Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, the number of bachelor’s degrees awarded to males increased 32 percent, while

the number awarded to females increased 34 percent.

Females earned 57 percent of all bachelor’s degrees in

2008–09, similar to the percentage for 1998–99. Between

1998–99 and 2008–09, the number of White students earning bachelor’s degrees increased 26 percent, compared with

the larger increases of 53 percent for Black students, 85 percent for Hispanic students, 52 percent for Asian/Pacific

Islander students, and 45 percent for American Indian/

Alaska Native students (table 296). In 2008–09, White

students earned 71 percent of all bachelor’s degrees

awarded (vs. 76 percent in 1998–99), Black students earned

10 percent (vs. 9 percent in 1998–99), Hispanic students

earned 8 percent (vs. 6 percent in 1998–99), and Asian/

Pacific Islander students earned 7 percent (vs. 6 percent in

1998–99). American Indian/Alaska Native students earned

about 1 percent of the degrees in both years.

Undergraduate Prices

For the 2009–10 academic year, annual prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board were estimated to be

$12,804 at public institutions and $32,184 at private institutions (table 345). Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, prices

for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institutions rose 37 percent, and prices at private institutions rose

25 percent, after adjustment for inflation.

Educational Attainment

The U.S. Census Bureau collects annual statistics on the

educational attainment of the population. Between 2000 and

2010, the percentage of the adult population 25 years of age

and over who had completed high school rose from 84 percent to 87 percent, and the percentage of adults with a bachelor’s degree increased from 26 percent to 30 percent (table

8). High school completers include those people who graduated from high school with a diploma, as well as those who

completed high school through equivalency programs. The

percentage of young adults (25- to 29-year-olds) who had

completed high school in 2010 was about the same as it was

in 2000 (89 and 88 percent, respectively). The percentage of

young adults who had completed a bachelor’s degree

increased from 29 percent in 2000 to 32 percent in 2010.

Education Expenditures

Expenditures for public and private education, from prekindergarten through graduate school (excluding postsecondary schools not awarding associate’s or higher degrees),

are estimated at $1.1 trillion for 2009–10 (table 28). Expenditures of elementary and secondary schools are expected to
INTRODUCTION 5

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

total $650 billion, while those of degree-granting postsecondary institutions are expected to total $461 billion. Total

expenditures for education are expected to amount to 7.9

percent of the gross domestic product in 2009–10, about 0.9

percentage points higher than in 1999–2000. 

Interpreting Statistics

Readers should be aware of the limitations of statistics.

These limitations vary with the exact nature of a particular

survey. For example, estimates based on a sample of institutions will differ somewhat from the figures that would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using the

same survey instrument. Standard errors are available for

sample survey data appearing in this report. In most cases,

standard errors for all items appear in the printed table. In

some cases, only standard errors for key items appear in the

printed table. Standard errors that do not appear in the tables

are available from NCES upon request. Although some of the

surveys conducted by NCES are census or universe surveys

(which attempt to collect information from all potential

respondents), all surveys are subject to design, reporting, and

processing errors and errors due to nonresponse. Differences

in sampling, data collection procedures, coverage of target

population, timing, phrasing of questions, scope of nonresponse, interviewer training, data processing, coding, and so

forth mean that the results from the different sources may not

be strictly comparable. More information on survey methodologies can be found in Appendix A: Guide to Sources. 

Estimates presented in the text and figures are rounded

from original estimates, not from a series of roundings. Percentages in the text are rounded to whole numbers, while

ratios and percentage distributions are normally presented to

one decimal place, where applicable.

Unless otherwise noted, all data in this report are for the

50 states and the District of Columbia. Unless otherwise

noted, all financial data are in current dollars, meaning not

adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar

due to inflation. Price indexes for inflation adjustments can

be found in table 34.

Common data elements are collected in different ways in

different surveys. Since the Digest relies on a number of

data sources, there are discrepancies in definitions and data

across tables in the volume. For example, several different

surveys collect data on public school enrollment, and while

similar, the estimates are not identical. The definitions of

racial/ethnic groups also differ across surveys, particularly

with respect to whether racial groups include Hispanics or

Hispanics are reported separately as an ethnic group regardless of race. Individual tables note the definitions used in

the given studies. 

All statements cited in the text about differences between

two or more groups or changes over time were tested for statistical significance and are statistically significant at the .05

level, using a two-tailed test. Various test procedures were

used, depending on the nature of the statement tested. The

most commonly used test procedures were t tests, equivalence tests, and linear trend tests. Equivalence tests were

used to determine whether two statistics are substantively

equivalent or substantively different. This was accomplished

by using a hypothesis test to determine whether the confidence interval of the difference between sample estimates is

substantively significant (i.e., greater or less than a preset

substantively important difference). In most cases involving

percentages, a difference of 3.0 was used to determine substantive equivalence or difference. In some comparisons

involving only small percentages, a lower difference was

used. In cases involving only relatively large values, a larger

difference was used, such as $1,000 in the case of annual salaries. Linear trend tests were conducted by evaluating the

significance of the slope of a simple regression of the data

over time, and a t test comparing the end points. For comparisons of data over time based on universe surveys, a linear

trend test was conducted by evaluating the significance of

the slope of a simple regression of the data over time and

comparing the value of the end points.

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 7

GUIDE TO TABULAR PRESENTATION

This section is intended to assist the reader in following

the basic structure of the Digest tables and to provide a legend for some of the common symbols and indexes used

throughout the book. Unless otherwise noted, all data are for

the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Changes in survey instruments sometimes mean that data for specific categories are not available in a consistent manner over the

entire reporting period. Because of these survey limitations,

data for these specific categories may be noted as included

with other categories where applicable.

The tables in this edition of the Digest include the most

recent data available at the time the report was prepared. If

no new data were available for a particular table, the table

may be repeated without change from the previous edition.

Table Components

Title Describes the table content concisely. (Tables may not

include data for all years implied in table titles. When this is

the case, the title will include the term “Selected years.”)

Unit indicator Informs the reader of the measurement unit

in the table—“In thousands,” “In millions of dollars,” etc.

Noted below the title unless several units are used, in which

case the unit indicators are generally given in the spanner or

individual column heads.

Spanner Describes a group of two or more columns.

Column head Describes a specific column.

Stub Describes a row or a group of rows. Each stub row is

followed by a number of dots (leaders). 

Field The area of the table which contains the data elements.

Example of Table Structure
8 GUIDE TO TABULAR PRESENTATION

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Special notes Symbols used to indicate why data do not

appear in designated cell.

— Not available.

† Not applicable.

# Rounds to zero.

! Interpret data with caution.

‡ Reporting standards not met.

Footnote Describes a unique circumstance relating to a

specific item within the table. Following are two typical

examples:

Estimated Based on available information from a subset

of the population of interest.

Projected Calculated from a forecasting model based on

historical information.

Note Furnishes general information that relates to the

entire table.

Source The document or reference from which the data are

drawn. This note may also include the organizational unit

responsible for preparing the data.

Descriptive Terms

Measures of central tendency A number that is used to represent the “typical value” of a group of numbers. It is

regarded as a measure of “location” or “central tendency” of

a group of numbers.

Arithmetic mean (average) is the most commonly used

measure of central tendency. It is derived by summing the

individual item values of a particular group and dividing

that sum by the number of items. This value is often

referred to simply as the “mean” or “average.”

Median is the measure of central tendency that occupies

the middle position in a rank order of values. It generally

has the same number of items above it as below it. If there

is an even number of items in the group, the median is the

average of the middle two items.

Average per capita, or per person, figure represents an

average computed for every person in a specified group,

or population. It is derived by dividing the total for an

item (such as income or expenditures) by the number of

persons in the specified population.

Index number A value that provides a means of measuring,

summarizing, and communicating the nature of changes that

occur from time to time or from place to place. An index is

used to express changes in prices over periods of time, but

may also be used to express differences between related subjects at a single point in time.

The Digest most often uses the Consumer Price Index to

compare purchasing power over time.

To compute a price index, a base year or period is selected.

The base-year price is then designated as the base or reference price to which the prices for other years or periods are

related.

A method of expressing the price relationship is:

Index number =

Price of a set of one or more items for related year

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  100 Price of the same set of items for base year

When 100 is subtracted from the index number, the result

equals the percent change in price from the base year.

Current and constant dollars are used in a number of tables

to express finance data. Unless otherwise noted, all figures

are in current dollars, not adjusted for inflation. Constant

dollars provide a measure of the impact of inflation on the

current dollars.

Current dollar figures reflect actual prices or costs prevailing during the specified year(s).

Constant dollar figures attempt to remove the effects of

price changes (inflation) from statistical series reported in

dollar terms.

The constant dollar value for an item is derived by dividing the base-year price index (for example, the Consumer

Price Index for 1999) by the price index for the year of

data to be adjusted and multiplying by the price of item to

be adjusted. The result is an adjusted dollar value as it

would presumably exist if prices were the same as the

base year—in other words, as if the dollar had constant

purchasing power. Any changes in the constant dollar

amounts would reflect only changes in the real values.

In the 2010 edition of the Digest, the following 23 tables

include finance data that are adjusted to school year

2008–09 dollars: tables 29, 35, 78, 82, 83, 89, 180, 183,

184, 190, 193, 194, 267, 273, 345, 348, 362, 366, 368,

373, 375, 377, and 430. Data adjusted to calendar year

2009 dollars appear in tables 25, 391, 399, and 425. Table

380 includes adjustments to fiscal year (FY) 2010 dollars.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 9

CHAPTER 1

All Levels of Education

This chapter provides a broad overview of education in

the United States. It brings together material from preprimary, elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education,

as well as from the general population, to present a composite picture of the American educational system. Tables feature data on the total number of people enrolled in school,

the number of teachers, the number of schools, and total

expenditures for education at all levels. This chapter also

includes statistics on education-related topics such as educational attainment, computer and internet usage, family characteristics, and population. Economic indicators and price

indexes have been added to facilitate analyses.

The U.S. system of education can be described as having

three levels of formal education (elementary, secondary, and

postsecondary) (figure 1). Students may spend 1 to 3 years

in preprimary programs (prekindergarten and kindergarten),

which may be offered either in separate schools or in elementary schools that also offer higher grades. (In Digest of

Education Statistics tables, prekindergarten and kindergarten are generally defined as a part of elementary education.)

Following kindergarten, students ordinarily spend from 6 to

8 years in elementary school. The elementary school program is followed by a 4- to 6-year program in secondary

school. Students normally complete the entire program

through grade 12 by age 18. Education at the elementary and

secondary levels is provided in a range of institutional settings—including elementary schools (preprimary schools,

middle schools, and schools offering broader ranges of elementary grades); secondary schools (junior high schools,

high schools, and senior high schools); and combined elementary/secondary schools—that vary in structure from

locality to locality.

High school graduates who decide to continue their education may enter a technical or vocational institution, a 2-

year community or junior college, or a 4-year college or university. A 2-year college normally offers the first 2 years of

a standard 4-year college curriculum and a selection of terminal career and technical education programs. Academic

courses completed at a 2-year college are usually transferable for credit at a 4-year college or university. A technical

or vocational institution offers postsecondary technical

training leading to a specific career. 

An associate’s degree requires at least 2 years of collegelevel coursework, and a bachelor’s degree normally

requires 4 years of college-level coursework. At least 1 year

of coursework beyond the bachelor’s is necessary for a

master’s degree, while a doctor’s degree usually requires a

minimum of 3 or 4 years beyond the bachelor’s.

Professional schools differ widely in admission requirements and program length. Medical students, for example,

generally complete a bachelor’s program of premedical studies at a college or university before they can enter the 4-year

program at a medical school. Law programs normally require

3 years of coursework beyond the bachelor’s degree level. 

Many of the statistics in this chapter are derived from the

statistical activities of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). In addition, substantial contributions have

been drawn from the work of other groups, both governmental and nongovernmental, as shown in the source notes of the

tables. Information on survey methodologies is contained in

Appendix A: Guide to Sources and in the publications cited

in the table source notes. 

Enrollment

Total enrollment in public and private elementary and

secondary schools (prekindergarten through grade 12) grew

rapidly during the 1950s and 1960s, reaching a peak year in

1971 (table A, table 3, and figure 2). This enrollment rise

was caused by what is known as the “baby boom,” a dramatic increase in births following World War II. From 1971

to 1984, total elementary and secondary school enrollment

decreased every year, reflecting the decline in the size of the

school-age population over that period. After these years of

decline, enrollment in elementary and secondary schools

started increasing in fall 1985, began hitting new record

levels in the mid-1990s, and continued to reach new

record levels every year through 2006. Enrollment in fall

2008 (55.2 million) was slightly lower than in fall 2006

(55.3 million); however, enrollment in fall 2008 was

higher than in fall 2007, and enrollments are projected to

continue rising.
10 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

From 1985 to 2009, total public and private school enrollment rates changed by 2 percentage points or less for 5- and

6-year-olds (96 percent in 1985 vs. 94 percent in 2009), 7- to

13-year-olds (99 percent in 1985 vs. 98 percent in 2009), and

14- to 17-year-olds (95 percent in 1985 vs. 96 percent in

2009) (table 7). Since these enrollment rates remained relatively steady between 1985 and 2009, increases in public and

private elementary and secondary school enrollment have

been driven primarily by increases in the number of children

in these age groups. Between 1985 and 2009, the number of

5- and 6-year-olds increased by 20 percent, the number of 7-

to 13-year-olds increased by 23 percent, and the number of

14- to 17-year-olds increased by 13 percent (table 20).

Increases in the enrollment rate of prekindergarten age children (ages 3 and 4) from 39 percent in 1985 to 52 percent in

2009 (table 7) and in the number of 3- and 4-year-olds from

7.1 million to 8.4 million (table 20) also contributed to overall prekindergarten through grade 12 enrollment increases.

Public school enrollment at the elementary level (prekindergarten through grade 8) rose from 29.9 million in fall

1990 to 34.2 million in fall 2003 (table 3). After a decrease

of less than 1 percent between fall 2003 and fall 2004, elementary enrollment generally increased to a projected total

of 34.7 million for fall 2010. Public elementary enrollment

is projected to continue a pattern of annual increases through

2019 (the last year for which NCES has projected school

enrollment). Public school enrollment at the secondary level

(grades 9 through 12) rose from 11.3 million in 1990 to

15.0 million in 2008, with a projected enrollment of 14.7

million for 2010. Public secondary enrollment is projected

to show a decrease of 3 percent between 2008 and 2011, and

then increase again through 2019. Public secondary school

enrollment in 2019 is expected to be about 4 percent higher

than in 2010. Total public elementary and secondary

enrollment is projected to set new records every year from

2010 to 2019.

The percentage of students in private elementary and secondary schools declined from 11.4 percent in fall 1998 to

10.8 percent in fall 2008 (table 3). In fall 2010, a projected

6.0 million students were enrolled in private schools at the

elementary and secondary levels.

Total public and private college and university enrollment

reached 14.5 million in fall 1992 and decreased to 14.3 million in fall 1995 (table 3). Total college and university enrollment increased 43 percent between 1995 and 2009 (to 20.4

million), and a further increase of 15 percent is expected

between fall 2009 and fall 2019. The percentage of college

and university students who attended private colleges and

universities rose from 24 to 27 percent between 1999 and

2009. In fall 2009, about 5.6 million students attended private

colleges and universities, with about 3.8 million in not-forprofit institutions and 1.9 million in for-profit institutions

(table 197). Enrollment increases in colleges and universities

have been driven by both increases in population and

increases in enrollment rates. For example, the percentage of

18- and 19-year-olds enrolled in colleges and universities

rose from 44 to 50 percent between 1999 and 2009, while the

enrollment rate of 20- to 24-year-olds rose from 33 percent to

39 percent (table 7). During the same period, the number of

18- and 19-year-olds rose 10 percent, and the number of 20-

to 24-year-olds rose 16 percent (table 20).

Educational Attainment

The percentages of adults 25 years old and over completing

high school and higher education have been rising. In 2010,

some 87 percent of the population 25 years old and over had

completed at least high school, and 30 percent had completed a

bachelor’s or higher degree (table 8 and figure 3). These percentages are higher than in 2000, when 84 percent had completed at least high school and 26 percent had completed a

bachelor’s or higher degree. In 2010, about 8 percent of people

25 years old or over held a master’s degree as their highest

degree, 2 percent held a professional degree (e.g., medicine or

law), and 1 percent held a doctor’s degree (table 9 and figure 5).

Teachers and Faculty

A projected 3.6 million elementary and secondary school

full-time-equivalent (FTE) teachers were engaged in classroom instruction in the fall of 2010 (table 4), an increase of

about 8 percent over 2000. The number of FTE public school

teachers in 2010 was about 3.2 million, and the number of

FTE private school teachers was about 0.5 million. FTE faculty at postsecondary degree-granting institutions totaled a

projected 1.0 million in 2010, including 0.6 million at public

institutions and 0.3 million at private institutions (table 1).

Expenditures

Expenditures of educational institutions rose to an estimated

$1.1 trillion for the 2009–10 school year (table 29). Elementary

Table A. Total elementary and secondary school enrollment, by 

overall trends: Selected years, 1949–50 to fall 2009

Trend and year

Number of students

(in millions)

“Baby boom” increases

1949–50 school year ............................................................ 28.5

Fall 1959 ............................................................................... 40.9

Fall 1969 ............................................................................... 51.1

Fall 1971 (peak).................................................................... 51.3

13 years with annual declines

Fall 1972 (first year of decline).............................................. 50.7

Fall 1984 (final year of decline)............................................. 44.9

Annual increases from 1985 to 2006

Fall 1985 ............................................................................... 45.0

Fall 1996 (new record highs begin)....................................... 51.5

Fall 2006 (final year of record highs) .................................... 55.3

Slight decline followed by increases

Fall 2007 ............................................................................... 55.2

Fall 2008 ............................................................................... 55.2

Fall 2009 ............................................................................... 55.3

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1949–50; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems, 1959 through 1972; Common

Core of Data (CCD), 1984 through 2008; Private School Universe Survey (PSS),

1997–98 through 2007–08; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2019.
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 11

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

and secondary schools spent about 59 percent of this total

($650 billion), and colleges and universities spent the remaining 41 percent ($461 billion). After adjustment for inflation,

total expenditures of all educational institutions rose by an estimated 34 percent between 1999–2000 and 2009–10. Inflationadjusted expenditures of elementary and secondary schools

rose by an estimated 23 percent during this period, while those

of colleges and universities rose by an estimated 52 percent. In

2009–10, expenditures of educational institutions were an estimated 7.9 percent of the gross domestic product (table 28).

Figure 1. The structure of education in the United States

Postdoctoral study and research

Doctor's degree study Professional

schools

(medicine, 

theology,

law, etc.)

4-year 

undergraduate

programs

Vocational/

technical

institutions

2-year

institutions

Combined 

junior/

senior

high 

schools

Senior

high 

schools 4-year

high schools

Junior

high 

schools

Master's degree study

Typical grade configurations of

elementary (or primary) schools

Middle

schools

Kindergartens

Nursery schools

Ph.D. or 

advanced

professional

degree

Master’s

degree

Bachelor’s

degree

Associate’s 

degree or 

certificate

Postsecondary education

(college, university, professional, vocational,

technical)

High 

school 

diploma

Secondary education

(academic, vocational, technical)

Elementary

(or primary) education

Age Grade/year

of college

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

K

PK

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

NOTE: Figure is not intended to show relative number of institutions nor relative size of enrollment for the different levels of education. Figure reflects typical patterns of progression rather

than all possible variations. Adult education programs, while not separately delineated above, may provide instruction at the adult basic, adult secondary, or postsecondary education levels.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Annual Reports Program.
12 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 2. Enrollment, total expenditures in constant dollars, and expenditures as a percentage of the gross domestic product 

(GDP), by level of education: Selected years, 1965–66 through 2009–10

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

School year beginning

Enrollment, in millions

Total

Elementary and secondary

Degree-granting institutions

Total Elementary and

 secondary

Degree-granting institutions

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

$1,200

School year beginning

Expenditures, in billions of constant 2008–09 dollars

Total

Elementary and secondary

Degree-granting institutions

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

School year beginning

Percent of GDP

NOTE: Expenditure data for school years 2008 and 2009 (2008–09 and 2009–10) are estimated. Enrollment data for school year 2009 (2009–10) for elementary and secondary are projected. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems, 1965–66 through 1969–70; Statistics of Public Elementary and

Secondary School Systems, 1965 through 1980; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through 1986–87; Common Core of Data

(CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary and Secondary Education,” 1985–86 through 2008–09; “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1986–87 through 2007–08;

Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1970–71 through 1979–80; Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 1989–90 through 2007–08; Higher Education General

Information Survey (HEGIS), Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education, 1965–66 through 1985–86; Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education, 1965–66 through

1985–86; 1986–87 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), “Finance Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY87–99),

and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts Tables, retrieved September 17, 2010,

from http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N.
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 13

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 3. Percentage of persons 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment: Selected years, 

1940 through 2010

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, U.S. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. I, Part 1; J.K. Folger and C.B. Nam, Education of the American Population (1960 Census Monograph); Current Population Reports, Series P-20, various years; and Current Population Survey (CPS), March 1961 through March 2010.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Year

Percent

Less than high school completion

High school completion or higher

Bachelor’s or higher degree

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Figure 4. Percentage of persons 25 through 29 years old, by highest level of educational attainment: Selected years, 

1940 through 2010

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0

20

40

60

80

100

Year

Percent

Bachelor’s or higher degree

Less than high school completion

High school completion or higher

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, U.S. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. I, Part 1; J.K. Folger and C.B. Nam, Education of the American Population (1960 Census Monograph); Current Population Reports, Series P-20, various years; and Current Population Survey (CPS), March 1961 through March 2010.
14 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 5. Highest level of education attained by persons 25 years old and over: March 2010 

Less than high school completion, 12.9%

High school completion, 31.2%

Some college, 16.8%

Associate’s degree, 9.1%

Bachelor’s degree, 19.4%

Master’s degree, 7.6%

Professional degree, 1.5%

Doctor’s degree, 1.4%

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), March 2010.
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 15

Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools

NOTE: Includes enrollments in local public school systems and in most private schools

(religiously affiliated and nonsectarian). Excludes federal schools. Excludes private preprimary enrollment in schools that do not offer kindergarten or above. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid

programs. Data for teachers and other staff in public and private elementary and secondary

schools and colleges and universities are reported in terms of full-time equivalents. Detail

may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; and unpublished projections and estimates. (This

table was prepared September 2010.)

1Includes enrollments in local public school systems and in most private schools (religiously affiliated and nonsectarian). Excludes homeschooled children who were not also

enrolled in public and private schools. Based on the National Household Education Survey,

the homeschooled children numbered approximately 1.5 million in 2007. Private elementary enrollment includes preprimary students in schools offering kindergarten or higher

grades.

2Estimated.

3Data are actual.

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of

rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems, 1980; Common Core of Data

(CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary and Secondary Education,” 1985–86

through 2008–09; Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National

Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2007); Private School Universe Survey

(PSS), 1995–96 through 2007–08; Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education” surveys, 1980 and 1985; and 1990 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90–99), and Spring

2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 1. Projected number of participants in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Fall 2010

[In millions]

Participants

All levels

(elementary,

secondary, and

postsecondary

degree-granting)

Elementary and secondary schools Postsecondary degree-granting institutions

Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 234567 8

Total............................................................. 85.9 62.4 55.6 6.8 23.5 16.8 6.7

Enrollment ....................................................... 75.9 55.4 49.4 6.0 20.6 14.9 5.7

Teachers and faculty........................................ 4.6 3.6 3.2 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.3

Other professional, administrative, and 

support staff............................................... 5.4 3.4 3.1 0.4 1.9 1.3 0.7

Table 2. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, fall 1980 through fall 2010

[In thousands]

Level and control 

of institution

Fall

1980

Fall

1985

Fall

1990

Fall

1995

Fall

2000

Fall

2001

Fall

2002

Fall

2003

Fall

2004

Fall

2005

Fall

2006

Fall

2007

Fall

2008

Projected

fall 2009

Projected

fall 2010

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

All levels..................... 58,305 57,226 60,683 65,020 68,685 69,920 71,015 71,551 72,154 72,674 73,066 73,451 74,338 75,710 75,900

Public.................................. 50,335 48,901 52,061 55,933 58,956 59,905 60,935 61,399 61,776 62,135 62,496 62,783 63,238 64,123 64,281

Private ................................ 7,971 8,325 8,622 9,087 9,729 10,014 10,080 10,152 10,379 10,539 10,570 10,668 11,100 11,587 11,619

Elementary and 

secondary 

schools1 ............... 46,208 44,979 46,864 50,759 53,373 53,992 54,403 54,639 54,882 55,187 55,307 55,203 55,235 55,282 55,350

Public.................................. 40,877 39,422 41,217 44,840 47,204 47,672 48,183 48,540 48,795 49,113 49,316 49,293 49,266 49,312 49,386

Private ................................ 5,331 5,557 5,648 2 5,918 6,169 2 6,320 6,220 2 6,099 6,087 2 6,073 5,991 2 5,910 5,969 2 5,970 5,964

Prekindergarten to grade 8.... 31,639 31,229 34,388 37,094 38,592 38,959 39,029 38,989 38,933 38,928 38,866 38,751 38,860 39,086 39,312

Public .............................. 27,647 27,034 29,876 32,338 33,686 33,936 34,114 34,201 34,178 34,204 34,235 34,205 34,286 34,505 34,730

Private............................. 3,992 4,195 4,512 2 4,756 4,906 2 5,023 4,915 2 4,788 4,756 2 4,724 4,631 2 4,546 4,574 2 4,580 4,582

Grades 9 to 12.................... 14,570 13,750 12,476 13,665 14,781 15,032 15,374 15,651 15,949 16,258 16,441 16,451 16,375 16,196 16,038

Public .............................. 13,231 12,388 11,341 12,502 13,517 13,736 14,069 14,339 14,618 14,909 15,081 15,087 14,980 14,807 14,657

Private............................. 1,339 1,362 1,136 2 1,163 1,264 2 1,296 1,306 2 1,311 1,331 2 1,349 1,360 2 1,364 1,395 2 1,389 1,382

Postsecondary 

degree-granting 

institutions........... 12,097 12,247 13,819 14,262 15,312 15,928 16,612 16,911 17,272 17,487 17,759 18,248 19,103 20,428 3 20,550

Public.................................. 9,457 9,479 10,845 11,092 11,753 12,233 12,752 12,859 12,980 13,022 13,180 13,491 13,972 14,811 3 14,895

Undergraduate................ 8,442 8,477 9,710 9,904 10,539 10,986 11,433 11,523 11,651 11,698 11,847 12,138 12,591 13,387 3 13,428

First-professional and 

graduate.................... 1,015 1,002 1,135 1,189 1,213 1,247 1,319 1,336 1,330 1,324 1,333 1,353 1,381 1,424 3 1,467

Private ................................ 2,640 2,768 2,974 3,169 3,560 3,695 3,860 4,053 4,292 4,466 4,579 4,757 5,131 5,617 3 5,655

Undergraduate................ 2,033 2,120 2,250 2,328 2,616 2,730 2,824 2,957 3,130 3,266 3,337 3,466 3,775 4,179 3 4,116

First-professional and 

graduate.................... 606 648 724 841 943 965 1,035 1,096 1,162 1,199 1,242 1,291 1,356 1,438 3 1,539
16 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 3. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1869–70 through fall 2019

[In thousands]

Year

Total

enrollment,

all levels

Elementary

and secondary, total

Public elementary and secondary schools Private elementary and secondary schools1 Postsecondary degree-granting institutions2

Total

Prekindergarten

through

grade 8

Grades 9

through 12 Total

Prekindergarten

through

grade 8

Grades 9

through 12 Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1869–70.................................. — — 6,872 6,792 80 ———52— —

1879–80.................................. — — 9,868 9,757 110 — — — 116 — —

1889–90.................................. 14,491 14,334 12,723 12,520 203 1,611 1,516 95 157 — —

1899–1900.............................. 17,092 16,855 15,503 14,984 519 1,352 1,241 111 238 — —

1909–10.................................. 19,728 19,372 17,814 16,899 915 1,558 1,441 117 355 — —

1919–20.................................. 23,876 23,278 21,578 19,378 2,200 1,699 1,486 214 598 — —

1929–30.................................. 29,430 28,329 25,678 21,279 4,399 2,651 2,310 341 1,101 — —

1939–40.................................. 29,539 28,045 25,434 18,832 6,601 2,611 2,153 458 1,494 797 698

1949–50.................................. 31,151 28,492 25,111 19,387 5,725 3,380 2,708 672 2,659 1,355 1,304

Fall 1959 ................................. 44,497 40,857 35,182 26,911 8,271 5,675 4,640 1,035 3,640 2,181 1,459

Fall 1969 ................................. 59,055 51,050 45,550 32,513 13,037 5,500 3 4,200 3 1,300 3 8,005 5,897 2,108

Fall 1970 ................................. 59,838 51,257 45,894 32,558 13,336 5,363 4,052 1,311 8,581 6,428 2,153

Fall 1971 ................................. 60,220 51,271 46,071 32,318 13,753 5,200 3 3,900 3 1,300 3 8,949 6,804 2,144

Fall 1972 ................................. 59,941 50,726 45,726 31,879 13,848 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 3 9,215 7,071 2,144

Fall 1973 ................................. 60,047 50,445 45,445 31,401 14,044 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 3 9,602 7,420 2,183

Fall 1974 ................................. 60,297 50,073 45,073 30,971 14,103 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 3 10,224 7,989 2,235

Fall 1975 ................................. 61,004 49,819 44,819 30,515 14,304 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 3 11,185 8,835 2,350

Fall 1976 ................................. 60,490 49,478 44,311 29,997 14,314 5,167 3,825 1,342 11,012 8,653 2,359

Fall 1977 ................................. 60,003 48,717 43,577 29,375 14,203 5,140 3,797 1,343 11,286 8,847 2,439

Fall 1978 ................................. 58,897 47,637 42,551 28,463 14,088 5,086 3,732 1,353 11,260 8,786 2,474

Fall 1979 ................................. 58,221 46,651 41,651 28,034 13,616 5,000 3 3,700 3 1,300 3 11,570 9,037 2,533

Fall 1980 ................................. 58,305 46,208 40,877 27,647 13,231 5,331 3,992 1,339 12,097 9,457 2,640

Fall 1981 ................................. 57,916 45,544 40,044 27,280 12,764 5,500 3 4,100 3 1,400 3 12,372 9,647 2,725

Fall 1982 ................................. 57,591 45,166 39,566 27,161 12,405 5,600 3 4,200 3 1,400 3 12,426 9,696 2,730

Fall 1983 ................................. 57,432 44,967 39,252 26,981 12,271 5,715 4,315 1,400 12,465 9,683 2,782

Fall 1984 ................................. 57,150 44,908 39,208 26,905 12,304 5,700 3 4,300 3 1,400 3 12,242 9,477 2,765

Fall 1985 ................................. 57,226 44,979 39,422 27,034 12,388 5,557 4,195 1,362 12,247 9,479 2,768

Fall 1986 ................................. 57,709 45,205 39,753 27,420 12,333 5,452 3 4,116 3 1,336 3 12,504 9,714 2,790

Fall 1987 ................................. 58,254 45,488 40,008 27,933 12,076 5,479 4,232 1,247 12,767 9,973 2,793

Fall 1988 ................................. 58,485 45,430 40,189 28,501 11,687 5,242 3 4,036 3 1,206 3 13,055 10,161 2,894

Fall 1989 ................................. 59,680 46,141 40,543 29,150 11,393 5,599 4,468 1,131 13,539 10,578 2,961

Fall 1990 ................................. 60,683 46,864 41,217 29,876 11,341 5,648 3 4,512 3 1,136 3 13,819 10,845 2,974

Fall 1991 ................................. 62,087 47,728 42,047 30,503 11,544 5,681 4,550 1,131 14,359 11,310 3,049

Fall 1992 ................................. 63,181 48,694 42,823 31,086 11,737 5,870 3 4,746 3 1,125 3 14,487 11,385 3,103

Fall 1993 ................................. 63,837 49,532 43,465 31,502 11,963 6,067 4,950 1,118 14,305 11,189 3,116

Fall 1994 ................................. 64,385 50,106 44,111 31,896 12,215 5,994 3 4,856 3 1,138 3 14,279 11,134 3,145

Fall 1995 ................................. 65,020 50,759 44,840 32,338 12,502 5,918 4,756 1,163 14,262 11,092 3,169

Fall 1996 ................................. 65,911 51,544 45,611 32,762 12,849 5,933 3 4,755 3 1,178 3 14,368 11,120 3,247

Fall 1997 ................................. 66,574 52,071 46,127 33,071 13,056 5,944 4,759 1,185 14,502 11,196 3,306

Fall 1998 ................................. 67,033 52,526 46,539 33,344 13,195 5,988 3 4,776 3 1,212 3 14,507 11,138 3,369

Fall 1999 ................................. 67,667 52,875 46,857 33,486 13,371 6,018 4,789 1,229 14,791 11,309 3,482

Fall 2000 ................................. 68,685 53,373 47,204 33,686 13,517 6,169 3 4,906 3 1,264 3 15,312 11,753 3,560

Fall 2001 ................................. 69,920 53,992 47,672 33,936 13,736 6,320 5,023 1,296 15,928 12,233 3,695

Fall 2002 ................................. 71,015 54,403 48,183 34,114 14,069 6,220 3 4,915 3 1,306 3 16,612 12,752 3,860

Fall 2003 ................................. 71,551 54,639 48,540 34,201 14,339 6,099 4,788 1,311 16,911 12,859 4,053

Fall 2004 ................................. 72,154 54,882 48,795 34,178 14,618 6,087 3 4,756 3 1,331 3 17,272 12,980 4,292

Fall 2005 ................................. 72,674 55,187 49,113 34,204 14,909 6,073 4,724 1,349 17,487 13,022 4,466

Fall 2006 ................................. 73,066 55,307 49,316 34,235 15,081 5,991 3 4,631 3 1,360 3 17,759 13,180 4,579

Fall 2007 ................................. 73,451 55,203 49,293 34,205 15,087 5,910 4,546 1,364 18,248 13,491 4,757

Fall 2008 ................................. 74,338 55,235 49,266 34,286 14,980 5,969 3 4,574 3 1,395 3 19,103 13,972 5,131

Fall 20094................................ 75,710 55,282 49,312 34,505 14,807 5,970 4,580 1,389 20,428 14,811 5,617

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 17

Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Beginning in fall 1980, data include estimates for an expanded universe of private

schools. Therefore, direct comparisons with earlier years should be avoided. 

2Data for 1869–70 through 1949–50 include resident degree-credit students enrolled at

any time during the academic year. Beginning in 1959, data include all resident and

extension students enrolled at the beginning of the fall term. 

3Estimated.

4Projected from Projections of Education Statistics to 2019. Fall 2009 data for degreegranting institutions are actual. 

NOTE: Data for 1869–70 through 1949–50 reflect enrollment for the entire school year.

Elementary and secondary enrollment includes students in local public school systems

and in most private schools (religiously affiliated and nonsectarian), but generally

excludes homeschooled children and students in subcollegiate departments of colleges

and in federal schools. Based on the National Household Education Survey, the homeschooled children numbered approximately 1.5 million in 2007. Excludes preprimary

pupils in private schools that do not offer kindergarten or above. Postsecondary data

through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degreegranting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and

participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See

Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously

published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1870 to 1910; Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1919–20 through 1949–50; Statistics of Public Elementary

and Secondary School Systems, 1959 through 1980; Common Core of Data (CCD),

“State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary and Secondary Education,” 1981–82

through 2008–09; Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National

Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2007); Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 1989–90 through 2007–08; Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; Opening (Fall) Enrollment in Higher Education, 1959; Higher Education General Information

Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education” surveys, 1969

through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring

2010. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Fall 20104................................ 75,900 55,350 49,386 34,730 14,657 5,964 4,582 1,382 20,550 14,895 5,655

Fall 20114................................ 76,140 55,515 49,554 34,974 14,580 5,961 4,598 1,363 20,625 14,943 5,683

Fall 20124................................ 76,570 55,757 49,795 35,206 14,589 5,962 4,622 1,340 20,813 15,071 5,743

Fall 20134................................ 77,231 56,063 50,088 35,437 14,651 5,975 4,657 1,318 21,168 15,320 5,847

Fall 20144................................ 78,110 56,442 50,446 35,636 14,810 5,995 4,702 1,294 21,669 15,676 5,992

Fall 20154................................ 78,918 56,859 50,827 35,881 14,946 6,031 4,757 1,275 22,059 15,953 6,106

Fall 20164................................ 79,703 57,273 51,198 36,205 14,993 6,075 4,801 1,274 22,431 16,216 6,214

Fall 20174................................ 80,498 57,709 51,583 36,526 15,058 6,126 4,844 1,282 22,789 16,473 6,317

Fall 20184................................ 81,296 58,129 51,946 36,838 15,108 6,184 4,885 1,298 23,167 16,743 6,424

Fall 20194................................ 82,038 58,590 52,342 37,156 15,186 6,248 4,927 1,321 23,448 16,947 6,501

Table 3. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1869–70 through fall 2019—Continued

[In thousands]

Year

Total

enrollment,

all levels

Elementary

and secondary, total

Public elementary and secondary schools Private elementary and secondary schools1 Postsecondary degree-granting institutions2

Total

Prekindergarten

through

grade 8

Grades 9

through 12 Total

Prekindergarten

through

grade 8

Grades 9

through 12 Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
18 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Includes teachers in local public school systems and in most private schools (religiously

affiliated and nonsectarian). Teachers are reported in terms of full-time equivalents.

2Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degreegranting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and

participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See

Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Includes full-time and part-time faculty with the

rank of instructor or above in colleges, universities, professional schools, and 2-year colleges. Excludes teaching assistants.

3Estimated.

4Inclusion of institutions is not consistent with surveys for 1987 and later years.

5Data for elementary and secondary schools are projected. Data for degree-granting institutions are actual.

6Projected.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised

from previously published figures. Headcounts are used to report data for degree-granting

institutions instructional staff.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, 1970 and 1975; Common Core of

Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1980

through 2008; Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 1989–90 through 2007–08 Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Fall Staff” survey, 1970 and 1975; 1987 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:87–99), and Winter

2001–02 through Winter 2009–10; U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission, EEO-6, 1981 and

1983; and unpublished data. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 4. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff in postsecondary degree-granting institutions, by 

control of institution: Selected years, fall 1970 through fall 2019

[In thousands]

Year

All levels Elementary and secondary teachers1 Degree-granting institutions instructional staff2

Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 23456 7 8 9 10

1970..................................... 2,766 2,373 393 2,292 2,059 233 474 314 160

1975..................................... 3,081 2,641 440 2,453 2,198 255 3 628 443 185

1980..................................... 3,171 2,679 492 2,485 2,184 301 686 3,4 495 3,4 191 3,4

1981..................................... 3,145 2,636 509 2,440 2,127 313 3 705 509 196

1982..................................... 3,168 2,639 529 2,458 2,133 325 3 710 3,4 506 3,4 204 3,4

1983..................................... 3,200 2,651 549 2,476 2,139 337 724 512 212

1984..................................... 3,225 2,673 552 2,508 2,168 340 3 717 3,4 505 3,4 212 3,4

1985..................................... 3,264 2,709 555 2,549 2,206 343 715 3,4 503 3,4 212 3,4

1986..................................... 3,314 2,754 560 2,592 2,244 348 3 722 3,4 510 3,4 212 3,4

1987..................................... 3,424 2,832 592 2,631 2,279 352 793 553 240

1988..................................... 3,472 2,882 590 2,668 2,323 345 804 3 559 3 245 3

1989..................................... 3,537 2,934 603 2,713 2,357 356 824 577 247

1990..................................... 3,577 2,972 604 2,759 2,398 361 3 817 3 574 3 244 3

1991..................................... 3,623 3,013 610 2,797 2,432 365 826 581 245

1992..................................... 3,700 3,080 621 2,823 2,459 364 3 877 3 621 3 257 3

1993..................................... 3,784 3,154 629 2,868 2,504 364 915 650 265

1994..................................... 3,846 3,205 640 2,922 2,552 370 3 923 3 653 3 270 3

1995..................................... 3,906 3,255 651 2,974 2,598 376 932 657 275

1996..................................... 4,006 3,339 666 3,051 2,667 384 3 954 3 672 3 282 3

1997..................................... 4,127 3,441 687 3,138 2,746 391 990 695 295

1998..................................... 4,230 3,527 703 3,230 2,830 400 3 999 3 697 3 303 3

1999..................................... 4,347 3,624 723 3,319 2,911 408 1,028 713 315

2000..................................... 4,433 3,682 750 3,366 2,941 424 1,067 3 741 3 325 3

2001..................................... 4,554 3,771 783 3,440 3,000 441 1,113 771 342

2002..................................... 4,631 3,829 802 3,476 3,034 442 3 1,155 3 794 3 361 3

2003..................................... 4,663 3,840 823 3,490 3,049 441 1,174 792 382

2004..................................... 4,774 3,909 865 3,538 3,091 447 3 1,237 3 818 3 418 3

2005..................................... 4,883 3,984 899 3,593 3,143 450 1,290 841 449

2006..................................... 4,944 4,021 924 3,622 3,166 456 3 1,322 3 854 3 468 3

2007..................................... 5,006 4,055 951 3,634 3,178 456 1,371 877 494

2008..................................... 5,064 4,104 960 3,674 3,219 455 1,390 3 885 3 505 3

20095 ................................... 5,056 4,074 982 3,617 3,161 457 1,439 914 525

20106 ................................... — — — 3,633 3,174 460 — — —

20116 ................................... — — — 3,662 3,198 464 — — —

20126 ................................... — — — 3,701 3,232 469 — — —

20136 ................................... — — — 3,747 3,271 475 — — —

20146 ................................... — — — 3,805 3,322 483 — — —

20156 ................................... — — — 3,862 3,372 490 — — —

20166 ................................... — — — 3,922 3,424 498 — — —

20176 ................................... — — — 3,984 3,478 506 — — —

20186 ................................... — — — 4,048 3,534 514 — — —

20196 ................................... — — — 4,107 3,585 522 — — —
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 19

Enrollment, Teachers, and Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not classified by grade span.

Because of changes in survey definitions, figures for “other” schools are not comparable from

year to year.

2Data for 1980–81 and 1990–91 include schools with first or higher grades. Data for 1997–98

and later years include schools with kindergarten or higher grades.

3Included in the elementary, secondary, and combined categories.

NOTE: Postsecondary data for 1980–81 and 1990–91 are for institutions of higher education,

while later data are for Title IV degree-granting and non-degree-granting institutions. Degreegranting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal

financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher

education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common

Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,” 1989–90

through 2008–09; Private Schools in American Education; Statistics of Public Elementary

and Secondary Day Schools, 1980–81; Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), “Private School

Data File,” 1990–91; Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 1995–96 through 2007–08;

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Institutional Characteristics of Colleges and Universities” survey, 1980–81; and 1990–91 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Institutional Characteristics Survey” (IPEDSIC:90–99), and Fall 2001 through Fall 2008. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 5. Number of educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1980–81 through 2008–09

Level and control of institution 1980–81 1990–91 1997–98 1998–99

1999–

2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

All institutions .............. — — 129,997 — 131,414 — 136,465 — 136,819 — 138,899 — 139,207 —

Elementary and 

secondary schools .... 106,746 109,228 123,403 — 125,007 — 130,007 — 130,407 — 132,436 — 132,656 —

Elementary ................................ 72,659 74,716 85,855 — 86,433 — 89,277 — 89,252 — 88,896 — 88,982 —

Secondary ................................. 24,856 23,602 24,169 — 24,903 — 24,884 — 25,476 — 26,925 — 27,575 —

Combined .................................. 5,202 8,847 11,412 — 12,197 — 14,430 — 13,931 — 14,964 — 14,837 —

Other1 ........................................ 4,029 2,063 1,967 — 1,474 — 1,416 — 1,749 — 1,651 — 1,262 —

Public schools............................ 85,982 84,538 89,508 90,874 92,012 93,273 94,112 95,615 95,726 96,513 97,382 98,793 98,916 98,706

Elementary............................. 59,326 59,015 62,739 63,462 64,131 64,601 65,228 65,718 65,758 65,984 66,026 66,458 67,112 67,148

Secondary.............................. 22,619 21,135 21,682 22,076 22,365 21,994 22,180 22,599 22,782 23,445 23,998 23,920 24,643 24,348

Combined .............................. 1,743 2,325 3,120 3,721 4,042 5,096 5,288 5,552 5,437 5,572 5,707 5,984 5,899 5,623

Other1..................................... 2,294 2,063 1,967 1,615 1,474 1,582 1,416 1,746 1,749 1,512 1,651 2,431 1,262 1,587

Private schools2 ......................... 20,764 24,690 33,895 — 32,995 — 35,895 — 34,681 — 35,054 — 33,740 —

Elementary............................. 13,333 15,701 23,116 — 22,302 — 24,049 — 23,494 — 22,870 — 21,870 —

Schools with highest grade 

of kindergarten............. † † 6,493 — 5,952 — 6,622 — 6,297 — 6,059 — 5,522 —

Secondary.............................. 2,237 2,467 2,487 — 2,538 — 2,704 — 2,694 — 2,927 — 2,932 —

Combined .............................. 3,459 6,522 8,292 — 8,155 — 9,142 — 8,494 — 9,257 — 8,938 —

Other1..................................... 1,735 (3) (3)—(3)—(3)—(3)—(3)—(3) —

Postsecondary Title IV

institutions.................. — — 6,594 6,431 6,407 6,479 6,458 6,354 6,412 6,383 6,463 6,536 6,551 6,632

Public......................................... — — 2,163 2,090 2,078 2,084 2,099 2,051 2,047 2,027 2,013 2,009 2,004 1,997

Private ....................................... — — 4,431 4,341 4,329 4,395 4,359 4,303 4,365 4,356 4,450 4,527 4,547 4,635

 Not-for-profit......................... — — 2,007 1,986 1,936 1,950 1,941 1,921 1,913 1,875 1,866 1,848 1,815 1,809

 For-profit .............................. — — 2,424 2,355 2,393 2,445 2,418 2,382 2,452 2,481 2,584 2,679 2,732 2,826

Title IV non-degree-granting 

institutions............................ — — 2,530 2,383 2,323 2,297 2,261 2,186 2,176 2,167 2,187 2,222 2,199 2,223

Public ..................................... — — 456 409 396 386 386 339 327 327 320 321 319 321

Private.................................... — — 2,074 1,974 1,927 1,911 1,875 1,847 1,849 1,840 1,867 1,901 1,880 1,902

Not-for-profit ....................... — — 300 291 255 255 265 256 249 238 219 208 191 180

For-profit............................. — — 1,774 1,683 1,672 1,656 1,610 1,591 1,600 1,602 1,648 1,693 1,689 1,722

Title IV degree-granting 

institutions............................ 3,231 3,559 4,064 4,048 4,084 4,182 4,197 4,168 4,236 4,216 4,276 4,314 4,352 4,409

2-year colleges....................... 1,274 1,418 1,755 1,713 1,721 1,732 1,710 1,702 1,706 1,683 1,694 1,685 1,677 1,690

Public ................................. 945 972 1,092 1,069 1,068 1,076 1,085 1,081 1,086 1,061 1,053 1,045 1,032 1,024

Private................................ 329 446 663 644 653 656 625 621 620 622 641 640 645 666

Not-for-profit ................... 182 167 179 164 150 144 135 127 118 112 113 107 92 92

For-profit......................... 147 279 484 480 503 512 490 494 502 510 528 533 553 574

4-year colleges....................... 1,957 2,141 2,309 2,335 2,363 2,450 2,487 2,466 2,530 2,533 2,582 2,629 2,675 2,719

Public ................................. 552 595 615 612 614 622 628 631 634 639 640 643 653 652

Private................................ 1,405 1,546 1,694 1,723 1,749 1,828 1,859 1,835 1,896 1,894 1,942 1,986 2,022 2,067

Not-for-profit ................... 1,387 1,482 1,528 1,531 1,531 1,551 1,541 1,538 1,546 1,525 1,534 1,533 1,532 1,537

For-profit......................... 18 64 166 192 218 277 318 297 350 369 408 453 490 530
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Enrollment RatesTable 6. Percentage of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: Selected years, 1980 through 2009Year and age

Total Male 

 Total White Black Hispanic Total White Black Hispanic Total 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

1980

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 49.7 (0.21) 48.8 (0.24) 54.0 (0.68) 49.8 (1.07) 50.9 (0.30) 50.0 (0.34) 56.2 (0.98) 49.9 (1.53) 48.5 (0.30) 47.7 

3 and 4 years old .................... 36.7 (0.94) 37.4 (1.12) 38.2 (2.83) 28.5 (3.92) 37.8 (1.33) 39.2 (1.58) 36.4 (3.94) 30.1 (5.37) 35.5 (1.34) 35.5 

5 and 6 years old .................... 95.7 (0.40) 95.9 (0.46) 95.5 (1.22) 94.5 (2.13) 95.0 (0.60) 95.4 (0.68) 94.1 (1.95) 94.0 (3.22) 96.4 (0.53) 96.5 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 99.1 (0.15) 99.1 (0.17) 99.4 (0.35) 98.4 (0.91) 99.0 (0.22) 99.0 (0.26) 99.5 (0.45) 97.7 (1.57) 99.2 (0.20) 99.2 10 to 13 years old ................... 99.4 (0.10) 99.4 (0.12) 99.4 (0.31) 99.7 (0.36) 99.4 (0.14) 99.4 (0.16) 99.4 (0.42) 99.4 (0.66) 99.4 (0.15) 99.3 

14 and 15 years old ................ 98.2 (0.22) 98.7 (0.22) 97.9 (0.72) 94.3 (1.87) 98.7 (0.27) 98.9 (0.28) 98.4 (0.88) 96.7 (2.10) 97.7 (0.36) 98.5 16 and 17 years old ................ 89.0 (0.50) 89.2 (0.57) 90.7 (1.44) 81.8 (3.25) 89.1 (0.71) 89.4 (0.79) 90.7 (2.04) 81.5 (4.70) 88.8 (0.72) 89.0 18 and 19 years old ................ 46.4 (0.79) 47.0 (0.91) 45.8 (2.56) 37.8 (3.94) 47.0 (1.14) 48.5 (1.29) 42.9 (3.73) 36.9 (5.44) 45.8 (1.11) 45.7 20 and 21 years old ................ 31.0 (0.74) 33.0 (0.85) 23.3 (2.21) 19.5 (3.29) 32.6 (1.08) 34.8 (1.23) 22.8 (3.29) 21.4 (4.88) 29.5 (1.02) 31.3 22 to 24 years old ................... 16.3 (0.49) 16.8 (0.56) 13.6 (1.53) 11.7 (2.26) 17.8 (0.73) 18.7 (0.83) 13.4 (2.29) 10.7 (3.14) 14.9 (0.66) 15.0 

25 to 29 years old ................... 9.3 (0.31) 9.4 (0.35) 8.8 (1.04) 6.9 (1.43) 9.8 (0.45) 9.8 (0.50) 10.6 (1.70) 6.8 (2.06) 8.8 (0.42) 9.1 30 to 34 years old ................... 6.4 (0.27) 6.4 (0.30) 6.9 (1.00) 5.1 (1.35) 5.9 (0.37) 5.6 (0.40) 7.2 (1.55) 6.2 (2.07) 7.0 (0.39) 7.2 

1990

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 50.2 (0.23) 49.8 (0.27) 52.2 (0.71) 47.2 (1.06) 50.9 (0.32) 50.4 (0.38) 54.3 (1.02) 46.8 (1.48) 49.5 (0.32) 49.2 

3 and 4 years old .................... 44.4 (0.98) 47.2 (1.19) 41.8 (2.98) 30.7 (4.08) 43.9 (1.38) 47.9 (1.66) 38.1 (4.14) 28.0 (5.57) 44.9 (1.41) 46.6 

5 and 6 years old .................... 96.5 (0.36) 96.7 (0.43) 96.5 (1.05) 94.9 (1.96) 96.5 (0.51) 96.8 (0.59) 96.2 (1.53) 95.8 (2.48) 96.4 (0.53) 96.7 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 99.7 (0.09) 99.7 (0.11) 99.8 (0.19) 99.5 (0.52) 99.7 (0.13) 99.7 (0.16) 99.9 (0.24) 99.5 (0.70) 99.6 (0.14) 99.7 10 to 13 years old ................... 99.6 (0.09) 99.7 (0.10) 99.9 (0.15) 99.1 (0.64) 99.6 (0.13) 99.6 (0.14) 99.9 (0.19) 99.0 (0.93) 99.7 (0.12) 99.7 

14 and 15 years old ................ 99.0 (0.19) 99.0 (0.23) 99.4 (0.46) 99.0 (0.90) 99.1 (0.25) 99.2 (0.30) 99.7 (0.48) 99.1 (1.11) 98.9 (0.29) 98.9 

16 and 17 years old ................ 92.5 (0.52) 93.5 (0.58) 91.7 (1.59) 85.4 (3.22) 92.6 (0.72) 93.4 (0.82) 93.0 (2.09) 85.5 (4.40) 92.4 (0.74) 93.7 

18 and 19 years old ................ 57.2 (0.94) 59.1 (1.10) 55.0 (2.83) 44.0 (4.36) 58.2 (1.33) 59.7 (1.56) 60.4 (3.99) 40.7 (6.23) 56.3 (1.32) 58.5 

20 and 21 years old ................ 39.7 (0.92) 43.1 (1.10) 28.3 (2.57) 27.2 (3.83) 40.3 (1.32) 44.2 (1.59) 31.0 (3.81) 21.7 (4.95) 39.2 (1.28) 42.0 22 to 24 years old ................... 21.0 (0.63) 21.9 (0.75) 19.7 (2.01) 9.9 (2.05) 22.3 (0.92) 23.7 (1.11) 19.3 (3.03) 11.2 (2.98) 19.9 (0.86) 20.3 25 to 29 years old ................... 9.7 (0.33) 10.4 (0.39) 6.1 (0.87) 6.3 (1.29) 9.2 (0.46) 10.0 (0.55) 4.7 (1.14) 4.6 (1.55) 10.2 (0.47) 10.7 30 to 34 years old ................... 5.8 (0.25) 6.2 (0.30) 4.5 (0.75) 3.6 (0.99) 4.8 (0.33) 5.0 (0.38) 2.3 (0.80) 4.0 (1.45) 6.9 (0.38) 7.4 1995

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 53.7 (0.23) 53.8 (0.25) 56.3 (0.58) 49.7 (0.65) 54.3 (0.29) 54.2 (0.35) 58.6 (0.83) 49.1 (0.90) 53.2 (0.30) 53.4 

3 and 4 years old1 ................... 48.7 (0.94) 52.2 (1.09) 47.8 (2.28) 36.9 (2.35) 49.4 (1.22) 51.1 (1.52) 52.4 (3.26) 40.8 (3.33) 48.1 (1.24) 53.5 

5 and 6 years old .................... 96.0 (0.37) 96.6 (0.39) 95.4 (0.96) 93.9 (1.22) 95.3 (0.51) 95.9 (0.60) 94.6 (1.48) 93.6 (1.74) 96.8 (0.44) 97.4 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 98.7 (0.17) 98.9 (0.18) 97.7 (0.59) 98.5 (0.55) 98.9 (0.22) 99.0 (0.24) 98.1 (0.74) 98.8 (0.72) 98.5 (0.25) 98.9 

10 to 13 years old ................... 99.1 (0.12) 99.0 (0.15) 99.2 (0.30) 99.2 (0.36) 99.1 (0.17) 99.0 (0.21) 99.5 (0.34) 98.8 (0.58) 99.0 (0.18) 98.9 

14 and 15 years old ................ 98.9 (0.19) 98.8 (0.22) 99.0 (0.46) 98.9 (0.56) 99.0 (0.24) 98.9 (0.30) 99.6 (0.40) 98.4 (0.92) 98.8 (0.27) 98.7 

16 and 17 years old ................ 93.6 (0.45) 94.4 (0.47) 93.0 (1.16) 88.2 (1.82) 94.5 (0.54) 95.0 (0.62) 95.6 (1.30) 88.4 (2.58) 92.6 (0.64) 93.8 

18 and 19 years old ................ 59.4 (0.93) 61.8 (1.03) 57.5 (2.38) 46.1 (2.63) 59.5 (1.21) 61.9 (1.45) 59.2 (3.47) 47.4 (3.62) 59.2 (1.21) 61.8 

20 and 21 years old ................ 44.9 (0.97) 49.7 (1.10) 37.8 (2.47) 27.1 (2.37) 44.7 (1.28) 50.0 (1.56) 36.7 (3.66) 24.8 (3.29) 45.1 (1.25) 49.3 

22 to 24 years old ................... 23.2 (0.64) 24.4 (0.73) 20.0 (1.61) 15.6 (1.52) 22.8 (0.84) 24.1 (1.04) 20.6 (2.41) 14.8 (2.00) 23.6 (0.84) 24.8 

25 to 29 years old ................... 11.6 (0.37) 12.3 (0.42) 10.0 (0.94) 7.1 (0.87) 11.0 (0.48) 12.2 (0.59) 6.3 (1.15) 5.6 (1.09) 12.2 (0.49) 12.3 30 to 34 years old ................... 5.9 (0.26) 5.7 (0.27) 7.7 (0.80) 4.7 (0.70) 5.4 (0.32) 5.0 (0.37) 6.9 (1.13) 4.5 (0.95) 6.5 (0.35) 6.3 

2000

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 55.9 (0.22) 56.0 (0.27) 59.3 (0.60) 51.3 (0.63) 55.8 (0.31) 55.8 (0.38) 59.7 (0.85) 50.5 (0.88) 56.0 (0.31) 56.1 

3 and 4 years old1 ................... 52.1 (0.93) 54.6 (1.19) 59.8 (2.51) 35.9 (2.37) 50.8 (1.30) 54.1 (1.66) 58.0 (3.53) 31.9 (3.23) 53.4 (1.33) 55.2 

5 and 6 years old .................... 95.6 (0.38) 95.5 (0.49) 96.7 (0.89) 94.3 (1.13) 95.1 (0.56) 94.5 (0.76) 96.0 (1.38) 95.4 (1.41) 96.1 (0.51) 96.4 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 98.1 (0.20) 98.4 (0.24) 97.5 (0.62) 97.5 (0.65) 98.0 (0.29) 98.1 (0.36) 98.2 (0.72) 96.6 (1.09) 98.2 (0.28) 98.6 

10 to 13 years old ................... 98.3 (0.17) 98.5 (0.19) 98.5 (0.42) 97.4 (0.59) 98.3 (0.23) 98.2 (0.30) 98.8 (0.52) 98.4 (0.65) 98.3 (0.24) 98.8 

14 and 15 years old ................ 98.7 (0.20) 98.9 (0.22) 99.6 (0.30) 96.2 (0.99) 98.7 (0.27) 98.8 (0.33) 99.6 (0.42) 96.9 (1.26) 98.6 (0.29) 99.0 

16 and 17 years old ................ 92.8 (0.45) 94.0 (0.50) 91.7 (1.32) 87.0 (1.77) 92.7 (0.63) 94.7 (0.66) 88.9 (2.10) 85.7 (2.60) 92.9 (0.64) 93.3 

18 and 19 years old ................ 61.2 (0.84) 63.9 (1.02) 57.2 (2.34) 49.5 (2.47) 58.3 (1.19) 61.2 (1.46) 51.5 (3.46) 48.0 (3.41) 64.2 (1.17) 66.7 

20 and 21 years old ................ 44.1 (0.88) 49.2 (1.10) 37.4 (2.38) 26.1 (2.22) 41.0 (1.23) 45.8 (1.54) 31.3 (3.42) 24.2 (3.02) 47.3 (1.26) 52.7 

22 to 24 years old ................... 24.6 (0.63) 24.9 (0.78) 24.0 (1.76) 18.2 (1.64) 23.9 (0.88) 25.0 (1.12) 22.0 (2.46) 15.2 (2.09) 25.3 (0.90) 24.8 

25 to 29 years old ................... 11.4 (0.37) 11.1 (0.45) 14.5 (1.18) 7.4 (0.88) 10.0 (0.50) 10.5 (0.62) 11.6 (1.63) 5.1 (1.06) 12.7 (0.53) 11.8 30 to 34 years old ................... 6.7 (0.28) 6.1 (0.32) 9.9 (0.97) 5.6 (0.75) 5.6 (0.36) 4.7 (0.41) 8.5 (1.34) 5.7 (1.06) 7.7 (0.41) 7.4 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Beginning in 1994, preprimary enrollment was collected using new procedures and may not be comparable to figures forearlier years.NOTE: Includes enrollment in any type of graded public, parochial, or other private schools. Includes nursery schools, kindergartens, elementary schools, high schools, colleges, universities, and professional schools. Attendance may be on either afull-time or part-time basis and during the day or night. Enrollments in “special” schools, such as trade schools, business colleges, or correspondence schools, are not included. Total includes persons f

rately. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populatiothrough 2009. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

2005

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 56.5 (0.20) 57.6 (0.26) 58.5 (0.57) 50.9 (0.53) 55.8 (0.28) 57.1 (0.37) 58.8 (0.82) 48.4 (0.73) 57.2 (0.29) 58.0 

3 and 4 years old1 ................... 53.6 (0.86) 58.5 (1.14) 52.4 (2.39) 43.0 (2.07) 52.8 (1.21) 56.8 (1.61) 54.8 (3.42) 43.0 (2.91) 54.4 (1.23) 60.3 

5 and 6 years old .................... 95.4 (0.37) 95.9 (0.47) 95.9 (0.97) 93.8 (1.06) 94.8 (0.54) 95.4 (0.68) 94.8 (1.50) 92.4 (1.62) 96.1 (0.50) 96.3 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 98.6 (0.17) 99.0 (0.19) 98.7 (0.45) 97.4 (0.58) 98.2 (0.27) 98.9 (0.27) 98.0 (0.81) 96.0 (1.00) 99.0 (0.20) 99.0 

10 to 13 years old ................... 98.6 (0.14) 99.0 (0.16) 98.5 (0.40) 97.9 (0.46) 98.4 (0.22) 99.1 (0.21) 97.6 (0.70) 97.2 (0.72) 98.9 (0.18) 98.8 

14 and 15 years old ................ 98.0 (0.22) 98.6 (0.24) 96.1 (0.83) 97.3 (0.70) 97.5 (0.34) 98.4 (0.35) 93.3 (1.52) 97.8 (0.90) 98.4 (0.28) 98.7 

16 and 17 years old ................ 95.1 (0.33) 96.1 (0.38) 93.6 (1.05) 92.6 (1.14) 95.1 (0.47) 95.9 (0.55) 93.6 (1.51) 92.5 (1.61) 95.1 (0.47) 96.3 

18 and 19 years old ................ 67.6 (0.79) 71.6 (0.95) 62.0 (2.30) 54.3 (2.33) 66.5 (1.11) 69.8 (1.35) 66.9 (3.20) 51.8 (3.22) 68.8 (1.12) 73.5 

20 and 21 years old ................ 48.7 (0.80) 54.4 (1.01) 37.9 (2.25) 30.0 (1.96) 45.3 (1.11) 50.5 (1.42) 35.5 (3.12) 25.2 (2.56) 52.3 (1.15) 58.5 

22 to 24 years old ................... 27.3 (0.59) 27.8 (0.76) 28.6 (1.75) 19.5 (1.41) 25.2 (0.83) 26.4 (1.07) 24.0 (2.45) 17.5 (1.85) 29.2 (0.85) 29.1 

25 to 29 years old ................... 11.9 (0.34) 12.5 (0.45) 11.9 (1.00) 7.8 (0.70) 9.6 (0.43) 10.2 (0.58) 9.1 (1.32) 5.6 (0.82) 14.2 (0.51) 14.7 

30 to 34 years old ................... 6.9 (0.27) 6.9 (0.34) 9.8 (0.94) 4.2 (0.54) 5.9 (0.35) 6.5 (0.47) 6.3 (1.15) 2.6 (0.58) 7.9 (0.40) 7.4 

2007

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 56.1 (0.20) 56.6 (0.26) 58.6 (0.57) 51.7 (0.52) 55.4 (0.28) 56.0 (0.37) 59.7 (0.81) 49.4 (0.71) 56.8 (0.29) 57.3 

3 and 4 years old1 ................... 54.5 (0.86) 56.3 (1.15) 59.1 (2.42) 48.2 (2.03) 54.4 (1.20) 53.8 (1.62) 60.2 (3.37) 50.7 (2.82) 54.7 (1.24) 58.9 

5 and 6 years old .................... 94.7 (0.39) 95.0 (0.51) 93.9 (1.13) 94.3 (0.96) 94.0 (0.57) 94.0 (0.77) 93.7 (1.60) 94.1 (1.39) 95.3 (0.52) 96.0 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 98.1 (0.20) 98.6 (0.22) 98.2 (0.56) 96.3 (0.68) 98.1 (0.28) 98.5 (0.32) 98.3 (0.74) 96.4 (0.93) 98.1 (0.28) 98.8 

10 to 13 years old ................... 98.6 (0.15) 98.6 (0.19) 97.8 (0.50) 99.0 (0.31) 98.4 (0.21) 98.5 (0.28) 97.1 (0.82) 99.0 (0.44) 98.7 (0.20) 98.7 

14 and 15 years old ................ 98.7 (0.18) 98.8 (0.23) 99.0 (0.45) 98.4 (0.53) 98.4 (0.28) 98.3 (0.38) 99.1 (0.56) 97.8 (0.87) 99.0 (0.22) 99.2 

16 and 17 years old ................ 94.3 (0.36) 95.6 (0.41) 93.7 (1.04) 90.6 (1.27) 94.4 (0.50) 95.2 (0.60) 95.6 (1.24) 91.1 (1.73) 94.1 (0.52) 96.0 

18 and 19 years old ................ 66.8 (0.75) 69.7 (0.94) 61.8 (2.15) 57.2 (2.10) 66.3 (1.06) 69.3 (1.32) 61.6 (3.05) 55.2 (2.95) 67.2 (1.07) 70.1 

20 and 21 years old ................ 48.4 (0.81) 54.5 (1.03) 38.1 (2.21) 32.3 (2.03) 43.7 (1.13) 49.9 (1.47) 37.7 (3.06) 24.6 (2.57) 53.3 (1.15) 59.2 

22 to 24 years old ................... 27.3 (0.59) 28.4 (0.75) 27.8 (1.71) 18.8 (1.38) 25.4 (0.81) 26.9 (1.04) 28.6 (2.55) 14.4 (1.71) 29.2 (0.85) 29.9 

25 to 29 years old ................... 12.4 (0.33) 12.5 (0.43) 15.3 (1.09) 8.3 (0.71) 10.2 (0.43) 10.6 (0.57) 10.7 (1.38) 6.7 (0.86) 14.7 (0.51) 14.4 30 to 34 years old ................... 7.2 (0.27) 7.4 (0.36) 9.6 (0.95) 4.5 (0.54) 6.4 (0.37) 6.7 (0.49) 9.1 (1.39) 3.1 (0.62) 7.9 (0.40) 8.0 

2008

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 56.2 (0.20) 56.7 (0.26) 58.0 (0.57) 51.9 (0.51) 55.6 (0.28) 56.5 (0.37) 58.2 (0.82) 50.0 (0.71) 56.7 (0.28) 57.0 

3 and 4 years old1 ................... 52.8 (0.85) 56.0 (1.16) 54.5 (2.30) 43.6 (1.95) 52.3 (1.19) 57.2 (1.62) 53.3 (3.37) 40.5 (2.68) 53.3 (1.21) 54.8 

5 and 6 years old .................... 93.8 (0.42) 94.9 (0.51) 93.3 (1.23) 91.8 (1.13) 93.8 (0.59) 94.7 (0.72) 96.0 (1.38) 91.0 (1.65) 93.7 (0.60) 95.0 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 98.3 (0.18) 98.8 (0.21) 98.9 (0.42) 97.1 (0.59) 98.0 (0.28) 98.5 (0.33) 98.4 (0.69) 96.7 (0.87) 98.7 (0.23) 99.1 

10 to 13 years old ................... 98.9 (0.13) 98.9 (0.17) 98.9 (0.35) 98.6 (0.36) 98.7 (0.20) 98.7 (0.26) 98.5 (0.59) 98.6 (0.50) 99.2 (0.16) 99.2 

14 and 15 years old ................ 98.6 (0.19) 98.8 (0.23) 97.8 (0.65) 98.7 (0.48) 99.0 (0.22) 99.1 (0.27) 98.9 (0.68) 98.6 (0.69) 98.2 (0.31) 98.4 

16 and 17 years old ................ 95.2 (0.34) 95.9 (0.40) 94.2 (1.01) 93.8 (1.02) 94.9 (0.48) 95.5 (0.59) 93.9 (1.44) 93.1 (1.48) 95.4 (0.47) 96.3 

18 and 19 years old ................ 66.0 (0.75) 70.0 (0.93) 59.8 (2.14) 55.1 (2.10) 64.0 (1.07) 66.8 (1.34) 58.6 (3.10) 54.7 (2.95) 68.1 (1.05) 73.4 

20 and 21 years old ................ 50.1 (0.81) 55.8 (1.03) 41.2 (2.20) 32.1 (2.07) 47.4 (1.13) 52.4 (1.44) 39.0 (3.12) 30.8 (2.83) 53.0 (1.16) 59.5 

22 to 24 years old ................... 28.2 (0.59) 30.3 (0.77) 24.8 (1.67) 19.8 (1.40) 26.3 (0.82) 29.1 (1.07) 23.6 (2.40) 16.6 (1.80) 30.1 (0.85) 31.5 

25 to 29 years old ................... 13.2 (0.34) 13.3 (0.44) 14.7 (1.05) 9.2 (0.74) 12.1 (0.46) 12.6 (0.61) 10.5 (1.33) 8.2 (0.96) 14.3 (0.50) 14.0 30 to 34 years old ................... 7.3 (0.27) 6.9 (0.35) 11.8 (1.03) 4.2 (0.52) 6.3 (0.36) 6.2 (0.47) 8.8 (1.35) 4.1 (0.70) 8.3 (0.41) 7.6 

2009

Total, 3 to 34 years old...... 56.5 (0.20) 56.8 (0.26) 58.5 (0.57) 52.8 (0.51) 55.7 (0.28) 56.2 (0.37) 58.1 (0.82) 50.9 (0.70) 57.3 (0.28) 57.4 

3 and 4 years old1 ................... 52.4 (0.85) 55.5 (1.18) 58.5 (2.28) 41.9 (1.88) 51.6 (1.19) 54.9 (1.66) 58.1 (3.30) 39.4 (2.60) 53.2 (1.21) 56.2 

5 and 6 years old .................... 94.1 (0.40) 94.1 (0.55) 93.2 (1.26) 93.7 (0.96) 93.9 (0.58) 93.3 (0.82) 93.2 (1.77) 94.1 (1.30) 94.4 (0.57) 95.0 

7 to 9 years old ....................... 97.7 (0.21) 98.4 (0.24) 97.6 (0.62) 96.5 (0.62) 97.6 (0.30) 98.2 (0.35) 97.3 (0.94) 96.2 (0.90) 97.9 (0.29) 98.7 

10 to 13 years old ................... 98.5 (0.15) 98.9 (0.17) 98.6 (0.41) 98.0 (0.43) 98.6 (0.20) 99.0 (0.23) 98.4 (0.61) 98.8 (0.47) 98.4 (0.22) 98.7 

14 and 15 years old ................ 98.0 (0.23) 98.3 (0.28) 97.7 (0.68) 97.9 (0.62) 97.6 (0.35) 97.9 (0.42) 96.2 (1.21) 98.1 (0.81) 98.5 (0.29) 98.7 

16 and 17 years old ................ 94.6 (0.36) 95.0 (0.45) 94.2 (1.02) 92.6 (1.13) 94.5 (0.51) 94.7 (0.64) 95.1 (1.33) 92.5 (1.59) 94.7 (0.51) 95.4 

18 and 19 years old ................ 68.9 (0.73) 72.4 (0.92) 65.8 (2.06) 57.1 (2.00) 65.0 (1.06) 68.4 (1.34) 61.8 (3.00) 51.8 (2.83) 72.9 (0.99) 76.5 

20 and 21 years old ................ 51.7 (0.81) 56.4 (1.03) 45.3 (2.28) 37.2 (2.14) 48.7 (1.13) 53.2 (1.44) 43.0 (3.15) 32.1 (2.83) 54.9 (1.16) 59.8 

22 to 24 years old ................... 30.4 (0.60) 31.1 (0.77) 32.7 (1.75) 20.4 (1.41) 29.0 (0.84) 30.8 (1.09) 27.5 (2.50) 18.6 (1.91) 31.8 (0.85) 31.4 

25 to 29 years old ................... 13.5 (0.34) 14.0 (0.45) 14.5 (1.04) 9.5 (0.77) 11.7 (0.46) 12.4 (0.60) 11.7 (1.38) 7.8 (0.95) 15.3 (0.52) 15.6 30 to 34 years old ................... 8.1 (0.28) 8.1 (0.37) 11.0 (0.99) 5.6 (0.59) 6.9 (0.37) 7.1 (0.50) 8.1 (1.29) 5.2 (0.78) 9.3 (0.43) 9.0 

Table 6. Percentage of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: Selected years, 1980 through 2009—ContinuedYear and age

Total Male 

 Total White Black Hispanic Total White Black Hispanic Total 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 7. Percentage of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age group: Selected years, 1940 through 2009Year

Total,

3 to 34

years old

3 and 4

years old

 5 and 6

years old

 7 to 13

years old

 14 to 17 years old 18 and 19 years old 20 to 24 years ol

 Total 14 and 15 16 and 17 Total 

In elementary

and secondary

In higher

education Total 20 and 21 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

1940................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 95.0 (—) 79.3 (—) — (†) — (†) 28.9 (—) — (†) — (†) 6.6 (—) — (†) 

1945................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 98.1 (—) 78.4 (—) — (†) — (†) 20.7 (—) — (†) — (†) 3.9 (—) — (†) 

1947................... — (†) — (†) 73.8 (—) 98.5 (—) 79.3 (—) — (†) — (†) 24.3 (—) — (†) — (†) 10.2 (—) — (†) 

1948................... — (†) — (†) 74.7 (—) 98.1 (—) 81.8 (—) — (†) — (†) 26.9 (—) — (†) — (†) 9.7 (—) — (†) 

1949................... — (†) — (†) 76.2 (—) 98.6 (—) 81.6 (—) — (†) — (†) 25.3 (—) — (†) — (†) 9.2 (—) — (†) 

1950................... — (†) — (†) 74.4 (—) 98.7 (—) 83.7 (—) — (†) — (†) 29.4 (—) — (†) — (†) 9.0 (—) — (†) 1951................... — (†) — (†) 73.6 (—) 99.1 (—) 85.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 26.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 8.6 (—) — (†) 

1952................... — (†) — (†) 75.2 (—) 98.8 (—) 85.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 28.8 (—) — (†) — (†) 9.7 (—) — (†) 1953................... — (†) — (†) 78.6 (—) 99.4 (—) 85.9 (—) — (†) — (†) 31.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 11.1 (—) — (†) 1954................... — (†) — (†) 77.3 (—) 99.4 (—) 87.1 (—) — (†) — (†) 32.4 (—) — (†) — (†) 11.2 (—) — (†) 1955................... — (†) — (†) 78.1 (—) 99.2 (—) 86.9 (—) — (†) — (†) 31.5 (—) — (†) — (†) 11.1 (—) — (†) 1956................... — (†) — (†) 77.6 (—) 99.3 (—) 88.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 35.4 (—) — (†) — (†) 12.8 (—) — (†) 1957................... — (†) — (†) 78.6 (—) 99.5 (—) 89.5 (—) — (†) — (†) 34.9 (—) — (†) — (†) 14.0 (—) — (†) 

1958................... — (†) — (†) 80.4 (—) 99.5 (—) 89.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 37.6 (—) — (†) — (†) 13.4 (—) — (†) 

1959................... — (†) — (†) 80.0 (—) 99.4 (—) 90.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 36.8 (—) — (†) — (†) 12.7 (—) — (†) 

1960................... — (†) — (†) 80.7 (—) 99.5 (—) 90.3 (—) — (†) — (†) 38.4 (—) — (†) — (†) 13.1 (—) — (†) 1961................... — (†) — (†) 81.7 (—) 99.3 (—) 91.4 (—) — (†) — (†) 38.0 (—) — (†) — (†) 13.7 (—) — (†) 

1962................... — (†) — (†) 82.2 (—) 99.3 (—) 92.0 (—) — (†) — (†) 41.8 (—) — (†) — (†) 15.6 (—) — (†) 

1963................... — (†) — (†) 82.7 (—) 99.3 (—) 92.9 (—) — (†) — (†) 40.9 (—) — (†) — (†) 17.3 (—) — (†) 

1964................... — (†) — (†) 83.3 (—) 99.0 (—) 93.1 (—) — (†) — (†) 41.6 (—) — (†) — (†) 16.8 (—) — (†) 1965................... 55.5 (—) 10.6 (—) 84.9 (—) 99.4 (—) 93.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 46.3 (—) — (†) — (†) 19.0 (—) 27.6 (—) 1966................... 56.1 (—) 12.5 (—) 85.8 (—) 99.3 (—) 93.7 (—) — (†) — (†) 47.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 19.9 (—) 29.9 (—) 1967................... 56.6 (—) 14.2 (—) 87.4 (—) 99.3 (—) 93.7 (—) — (†) — (†) 47.6 (—) — (†) — (†) 22.0 (—) 33.3 (—) 1968................... 56.7 (—) 15.7 (—) 87.6 (—) 99.1 (—) 94.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 50.4 (—) — (†) — (†) 21.4 (—) 31.2 (—) 1969................... 57.0 (—) 16.1 (—) 88.4 (—) 99.2 (—) 94.0 (—) — (†) — (†) 50.2 (—) — (†) — (†) 23.0 (—) 34.1 (—) 1970................... 56.4 (0.22) 20.5 (0.73) 89.5 (0.53) 99.2 (0.08) 94.1 (0.27) 98.1 (0.22) 90.0 (0.50) 47.7 (0.87) 10.5 (0.53) 37.3 (0.84) 21.5 (0.48) 31.9 (0.87) 

1971................... 56.2 (0.22) 21.2 (0.75) 91.6 (0.49) 99.1 (0.08) 94.5 (0.26) 98.6 (0.19) 90.2 (0.49) 49.2 (0.86) 11.5 (0.55) 37.7 (0.83) 21.9 (0.47) 32.2 (0.85) 

1972................... 54.9 (0.22) 24.4 (0.80) 91.9 (0.50) 99.2 (0.08) 93.3 (0.28) 97.6 (0.24) 88.9 (0.51) 46.3 (0.84) 10.4 (0.52) 35.9 (0.81) 21.6 (0.46) 31.4 (0.81) 

1973................... 53.5 (0.22) 24.2 (0.78) 92.5 (0.49) 99.2 (0.08) 92.9 (0.28) 97.5 (0.25) 88.3 (0.52) 42.9 (0.82) 10.0 (0.50) 32.9 (0.78) 20.8 (0.45) 30.1 (0.79) 

1974................... 53.6 (0.22) 28.8 (0.83) 94.2 (0.43) 99.3 (0.07) 92.9 (0.28) 97.9 (0.23) 87.9 (0.52) 43.1 (0.82) 9.9 (0.49) 33.2 (0.78) 21.4 (0.45) 30.2 (0.77) 

1975................... 53.7 (0.22) 31.5 (0.87) 94.7 (0.41) 99.3 (0.08) 93.6 (0.27) 98.2 (0.21) 89.0 (0.50) 46.9 (0.81) 10.2 (0.49) 36.7 (0.78) 22.4 (0.45) 31.2 (0.77) 

1976................... 53.1 (0.22) 31.3 (0.90) 95.5 (0.38) 99.2 (0.09) 93.7 (0.27) 98.2 (0.21) 89.1 (0.50) 46.2 (0.80) 10.2 (0.49) 36.0 (0.77) 23.3 (0.45) 32.0 (0.77) 

1977................... 52.5 (0.21) 32.0 (0.93) 95.8 (0.38) 99.4 (0.07) 93.7 (0.27) 98.5 (0.19) 88.9 (0.50) 46.2 (0.79) 10.4 (0.49) 35.7 (0.76) 22.9 (0.44) 31.8 (0.75) 

1978................... 51.2 (0.21) 34.2 (0.94) 95.3 (0.41) 99.1 (0.09) 93.7 (0.27) 98.4 (0.20) 89.1 (0.49) 45.4 (0.79) 9.8 (0.47) 35.6 (0.76) 21.8 (0.43) 29.5 (0.73) 

1979................... 50.3 (0.21) 35.1 (0.94) 95.8 (0.40) 99.2 (0.09) 93.6 (0.28) 98.1 (0.22) 89.2 (0.49) 45.0 (0.79) 10.3 (0.48) 34.6 (0.76) 21.7 (0.42) 30.2 (0.73) 

1980................... 49.7 (0.21) 36.7 (0.94) 95.7 (0.40) 99.3 (0.09) 93.4 (0.29) 98.2 (0.22) 89.0 (0.50) 46.4 (0.79) 10.5 (0.49) 35.9 (0.76) 22.3 (0.42) 31.0 (0.74) 

1981................... 48.9 (0.21) 36.0 (0.92) 94.0 (0.46) 99.2 (0.09) 94.1 (0.27) 98.0 (0.24) 90.6 (0.47) 49.0 (0.80) 11.5 (0.51) 37.5 (0.77) 22.5 (0.42) 31.6 (0.73) 

1982................... 48.6 (0.22) 36.4 (0.96) 95.0 (0.44) 99.2 (0.10) 94.4 (0.29) 98.5 (0.22) 90.6 (0.51) 47.8 (0.85) 11.3 (0.54) 36.5 (0.82) 23.5 (0.45) 34.0 (0.79) 

1983................... 48.4 (0.22) 37.5 (0.94) 95.4 (0.42) 99.2 (0.09) 95.0 (0.27) 98.3 (0.23) 91.7 (0.49) 50.4 (0.86) 12.8 (0.57) 37.6 (0.83) 22.7 (0.44) 32.5 (0.79) 

1984................... 47.9 (0.22) 36.3 (0.92) 94.5 (0.45) 99.2 (0.09) 94.7 (0.28) 97.8 (0.26) 91.5 (0.50) 50.1 (0.88) 11.5 (0.56) 38.6 (0.86) 23.7 (0.45) 33.9 (0.80) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable.1Preprimary enrollment collected using new procedures. Data may not be comparable to figures for earlier years.NOTE: Data for 1940 are for April. Data for all other years are as of October. Includes enrollment in any type of graded public,

parochial, or other private schools. Includes nursery schools, kindergartens, elementary schools, high schools, colleges, universities, and professional schools. Attendance may be on either a full-time or part-time basis and during the day or night.

Enrollments in “special” schools, such as trade schools, business colleges, Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Historical StatisticCurrent Population Reports, Series P-20, various years; and Current Populat

table was prepared December 2010.)

1985................... 48.3 (0.22) 38.9 (0.94) 96.1 (0.38) 99.2 (0.09) 94.9 (0.27) 98.1 (0.24) 91.7 (0.49) 51.6 (0.89) 11.2 (0.56) 40.4 (0.88) 24.0 (0.46) 35.3 (0.83) 

1986................... 48.2 (0.22) 38.9 (0.93) 95.3 (0.41) 99.2 (0.10) 94.9 (0.28) 97.6 (0.28) 92.3 (0.47) 54.6 (0.90) 13.1 (0.61) 41.5 (0.89) 23.6 (0.46) 33.0 (0.83) 

1987................... 48.6 (0.22) 38.3 (0.93) 95.1 (0.41) 99.5 (0.07) 95.0 (0.28) 98.6 (0.22) 91.7 (0.48) 55.6 (0.89) 13.1 (0.60) 42.5 (0.89) 25.5 (0.48) 38.7 (0.88) 

1988................... 48.7 (0.24) 38.2 (1.02) 96.0 (0.41) 99.7 (0.07) 95.1 (0.30) 98.9 (0.22) 91.6 (0.55) 55.6 (0.98) 13.9 (0.68) 41.8 (0.97) 26.1 (0.54) 39.1 (0.98) 

1989................... 49.0 (0.24) 39.1 (1.02) 95.2 (0.45) 99.3 (0.09) 95.7 (0.29) 98.8 (0.22) 92.7 (0.53) 56.0 (0.97) 14.4 (0.69) 41.6 (0.96) 27.0 (0.56) 38.5 (0.99) 

1990................... 50.2 (0.23) 44.4 (0.98) 96.5 (0.36) 99.6 (0.06) 95.8 (0.28) 99.0 (0.19) 92.5 (0.52) 57.2 (0.94) 14.5 (0.67) 42.7 (0.94) 28.6 (0.54) 39.7 (0.92) 

1991................... 50.7 (0.23) 40.5 (0.96) 95.4 (0.41) 99.6 (0.06) 96.0 (0.27) 98.8 (0.22) 93.3 (0.49) 59.6 (0.96) 15.6 (0.71) 44.0 (0.97) 30.2 (0.55) 42.0 (0.92) 

1992................... 51.4 (0.23) 39.7 (0.95) 95.5 (0.41) 99.4 (0.08) 96.7 (0.25) 99.1 (0.18) 94.1 (0.46) 61.4 (0.96) 17.1 (0.74) 44.3 (0.98) 31.6 (0.56) 44.0 (0.95) 

1993................... 51.8 (0.23) 40.4 (0.93) 95.4 (0.41) 99.5 (0.07) 96.5 (0.25) 98.9 (0.20) 94.0 (0.46) 61.6 (0.95) 17.2 (0.74) 44.4 (0.97) 30.8 (0.56) 42.7 (0.97) 

1994................... 53.3 (0.23) 47.3 1 (0.94) 96.7 (0.34) 99.4 (0.08) 96.6 (0.22) 98.8 (0.20) 94.4 (0.43) 60.2 (0.94) 16.2 (0.71) 43.9 (0.95) 32.0 (0.55) 44.9 (0.95) 

1995................... 53.7 (0.23) 48.7 1 (0.94) 96.0 (0.37) 98.9 (0.11) 96.3 (0.23) 98.9 (0.19) 93.6 (0.45) 59.4 (0.93) 16.3 (0.70) 43.1 (0.93) 31.5 (0.56) 44.9 (0.97) 1996................... 54.1 (0.22) 48.3 1 (0.91) 94.0 (0.43) 97.7 (0.15) 95.4 (0.26) 98.0 (0.24) 92.8 (0.45) 61.5 (0.87) 16.7 (0.67) 44.9 (0.89) 32.5 (0.55) 44.4 (0.93) 1997................... 55.6 (0.22) 52.6 1 (0.92) 96.5 (0.33) 99.1 (0.09) 96.6 (0.22) 98.9 (0.18) 94.3 (0.40) 61.5 (0.86) 16.7 (0.66) 44.7 (0.88) 34.3 (0.55) 45.9 (0.91) 1998................... 55.8 (0.22) 52.1 1 (0.92) 95.6 (0.37) 98.9 (0.10) 96.1 (0.24) 98.4 (0.22) 93.9 (0.41) 62.2 (0.84) 15.7 (0.63) 46.4 (0.86) 33.0 (0.55) 44.8 (0.91) 1999................... 56.0 (0.22) 54.2 1 (0.93) 96.0 (0.36) 98.7 (0.11) 95.8 (0.24) 98.2 (0.23) 93.6 (0.42) 60.6 (0.84) 16.5 (0.64) 44.1 (0.86) 32.8 (0.54) 45.3 (0.90) 2000................... 55.9 (0.22) 52.1 1 (0.93) 95.6 (0.38) 98.2 (0.13) 95.7 (0.25) 98.7 (0.20) 92.8 (0.45) 61.2 (0.84) 16.5 (0.64) 44.7 (0.85) 32.5 (0.53) 44.1 (0.88) 2001................... 56.4 (0.20) 52.4 1 (0.88) 95.3 (0.37) 98.3 (0.12) 95.8 (0.24) 98.1 (0.22) 93.4 (0.40) 61.1 (0.79) 17.1 (0.61) 44.0 (0.80) 34.1 (0.50) 46.1 (0.82) 2002................... 57.1 (0.20) 56.4 1 (0.87) 95.5 (0.37) 98.3 (0.12) 96.4 (0.22) 98.5 (0.20) 94.4 (0.37) 63.2 (0.78) 17.6 (0.62) 45.7 (0.81) 35.0 (0.50) 48.5 (0.83) 2003................... 56.2 (0.20) 55.1 1 (0.85) 94.5 (0.40) 98.3 (0.12) 96.2 (0.21) 97.5 (0.25) 94.9 (0.34) 64.5 (0.80) 17.9 (0.64) 46.6 (0.84) 35.6 (0.50) 48.3 (0.83) 2004................... 56.2 (0.20) 54.0 1 (0.85) 95.4 (0.37) 98.4 (0.12) 96.5 (0.21) 98.5 (0.19) 94.5 (0.36) 64.4 (0.80) 16.6 (0.62) 47.8 (0.83) 35.2 (0.49) 48.9 (0.82) 2005................... 56.5 (0.20) 53.6 1 (0.86) 95.4 (0.37) 98.6 (0.11) 96.5 (0.20) 98.0 (0.22) 95.1 (0.33) 67.6 (0.79) 18.3 (0.65) 49.3 (0.84) 36.1 (0.49) 48.7 (0.80) 2006................... 56.0 (0.20) 55.7 1 (0.86) 94.6 (0.39) 98.3 (0.12) 96.4 (0.21) 98.3 (0.21) 94.6 (0.36) 65.5 (0.77) 19.3 (0.64) 46.2 (0.81) 35.0 (0.49) 47.5 (0.81) 2007................... 56.1 (0.20) 54.5 1 (0.86) 94.7 (0.39) 98.4 (0.12) 96.4 (0.21) 98.7 (0.18) 94.3 (0.36) 66.8 (0.75) 17.9 (0.61) 48.9 (0.80) 35.7 (0.49) 48.4 (0.81) 2008................... 56.2 (0.20) 52.8 1 (0.85) 93.8 (0.42) 98.7 (0.11) 96.8 (0.20) 98.6 (0.19) 95.2 (0.34) 66.0 (0.75) 17.4 (0.60) 48.6 (0.79) 36.9 (0.49) 50.1 (0.81) 2009................... 56.5 (0.20) 52.4 1 (0.85) 94.1 (0.40) 98.2 (0.12) 96.3 (0.22) 98.0 (0.23) 94.6 (0.36) 68.9 (0.73) 19.1 (0.62) 49.8 (0.79) 38.7 (0.50) 51.7 (0.81) 

Table 7. Percentage of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age group: Selected years, 1940 through 2009—ContinuedYear

Total,

3 to 34

years old

3 and 4

years old

 5 and 6

years old

 7 to 13

years old

 14 to 17 years old 18 and 19 years old 20 to 24 years ol

 Total 14 and 15 16 and 17 Total 

In elementary

and secondary

In higher

education Total 20 and 21 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
24 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Educational Attainment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Educational Attainment

Table 8. Percentage of persons age 25 and over and 25 to 29, by race/ethnicity, years of school completed, and sex: Selected years, 1910 through 

2010

Age, year,

and sex

Total White1 Black1 Hispanic Asian2

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

Total, 25 and over

19105 .............................. 13.5 (—) 2.7 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

19205 .............................. 16.4 (—) 3.3 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

19305 .............................. 19.1 (—) 3.9 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1940 ....................... 24.5 (—) 4.6 (—) 26.1 (—) 4.9 (—) 7.7 (—) 1.3 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1950 ....................... 34.3 (—) 6.2 (—) 36.4 (—) 6.6 (—) 13.7 (—) 2.2 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1960 ....................... 41.1 (—) 7.7 (—) 43.2 (—) 8.1 (—) 21.7 (—) 3.5 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1970..................... 55.2 (—) 11.0 (—) 57.4 (—) 11.6 (—) 36.1 (—) 6.1 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1975..................... 62.5 (—) 13.9 (—) 65.8 (—) 14.9 (—) 42.6 (—) 6.4 (—) 38.5 (—) 6.6 (—) — (†) — (†)

March 1980..................... 68.6 (0.20) 17.0 (0.16) 71.9 (0.21) 18.4 (0.18) 51.4 (0.81) 7.9 (0.44) 44.5 (1.18) 7.6 (0.63) — (†) — (†)

March 1985..................... 73.9 (0.18) 19.4 (0.16) 77.5 (0.19) 20.8 (0.19) 59.9 (0.74) 11.1 (0.47) 47.9 (0.99) 8.5 (0.55) — (†) — (†)

March 1986..................... 74.7 (0.18) 19.4 (0.16) 78.2 (0.19) 20.9 (0.19) 62.5 (0.72) 10.9 (0.47) 48.5 (0.96) 8.4 (0.53) — (†) — (†)

March 1987..................... 75.6 (0.17) 19.9 (0.16) 79.0 (0.18) 21.4 (0.19) 63.6 (0.71) 10.8 (0.46) 50.9 (0.94) 8.6 (0.53) — (†) — (†)

March 1988..................... 76.2 (0.17) 20.3 (0.16) 79.8 (0.18) 21.8 (0.19) 63.5 (0.70) 11.2 (0.46) 51.0 (0.92) 10.0 (0.55) — (†) — (†)

March 1989..................... 76.9 (0.17) 21.1 (0.16) 80.7 (0.18) 22.8 (0.19) 64.7 (0.69) 11.7 (0.46) 50.9 (0.89) 9.9 (0.53) 82.3 (1.17) 41.5 (1.51)

March 1990..................... 77.6 (0.17) 21.3 (0.16) 81.4 (0.17) 23.1 (0.19) 66.2 (0.67) 11.3 (0.45) 50.8 (0.88) 9.2 (0.51) 84.2 (1.09) 41.7 (1.47)

March 1991..................... 78.4 (0.16) 21.4 (0.16) 82.4 (0.17) 23.3 (0.19) 66.8 (0.66) 11.5 (0.45) 51.3 (0.86) 9.7 (0.51) 84.2 (1.05) 40.3 (1.42)

March 1992..................... 79.4 (0.16) 21.4 (0.16) 83.4 (0.16) 23.2 (0.19) 67.7 (0.65) 11.9 (0.45) 52.6 (0.85) 9.3 (0.49) 83.7 (1.02) 39.3 (1.35)

March 1993..................... 80.2 (0.16) 21.9 (0.16) 84.1 (0.16) 23.8 (0.19) 70.5 (0.63) 12.2 (0.45) 53.1 (0.83) 9.0 (0.48) 84.2 (1.00) 42.1 (1.35)

March 1994..................... 80.9 (0.15) 22.2 (0.16) 84.9 (0.16) 24.3 (0.19) 73.0 (0.61) 12.9 (0.46) 53.3 (0.78) 9.1 (0.45) 84.8 (0.98) 41.3 (1.34)

March 1995..................... 81.7 (0.15) 23.0 (0.16) 85.9 (0.16) 25.4 (0.19) 73.8 (0.61) 13.3 (0.47) 53.4 (0.78) 9.3 (0.45) 83.8 (1.06) 38.5 (1.40)

March 1996..................... 81.7 (0.16) 23.6 (0.17) 86.0 (0.16) 25.9 (0.20) 74.6 (0.53) 13.8 (0.42) 53.1 (0.68) 9.3 (0.40) 83.5 (0.82) 42.3 (1.09)

March 1997..................... 82.1 (0.14) 23.9 (0.16) 86.3 (0.15) 26.2 (0.19) 75.3 (0.52) 13.3 (0.41) 54.7 (0.54) 10.3 (0.33) 85.2 (0.75) 42.6 (1.04)

March 1998..................... 82.8 (0.14) 24.4 (0.16) 87.1 (0.14) 26.6 (0.19) 76.4 (0.50) 14.8 (0.42) 55.5 (0.53) 11.0 (0.33) 84.9 (0.74) 42.3 (1.02)

March 1999..................... 83.4 (0.14) 25.2 (0.16) 87.7 (0.14) 27.7 (0.19) 77.4 (0.49) 15.5 (0.43) 56.1 (0.52) 10.9 (0.33) 84.7 (0.73) 42.4 (1.01)

March 2000..................... 84.1 (0.13) 25.6 (0.16) 88.4 (0.14) 28.1 (0.19) 78.9 (0.48) 16.6 (0.44) 57.0 (0.51) 10.6 (0.32) 85.7 (0.71) 44.4 (1.00)

March 2001..................... 84.3 (0.13) 26.1 (0.16) 88.7 (0.13) 28.6 (0.19) 79.5 (0.47) 16.1 (0.43) 56.5 (0.50) 11.2 (0.32) 87.8 (0.60) 48.0 (0.92)

March 2002..................... 84.1 (0.09) 26.7 (0.11) 88.7 (0.10) 29.4 (0.14) 79.2 (0.34) 17.2 (0.31) 57.0 (0.34) 11.1 (0.21) 87.7 (0.44) 47.7 (0.66)

March 2003..................... 84.6 (0.09) 27.2 (0.11) 89.4 (0.09) 30.0 (0.14) 80.3 (0.33) 17.4 (0.31) 57.0 (0.33) 11.4 (0.21) 87.8 (0.44) 50.0 (0.67)

March 2004..................... 85.2 (0.09) 27.7 (0.11) 90.0 (0.09) 30.6 (0.14) 81.1 (0.32) 17.7 (0.31) 58.4 (0.32) 12.1 (0.21) 86.9 (0.44) 49.7 (0.66)

March 2005..................... 85.2 (0.09) 27.6 (0.11) 90.1 (0.09) 30.6 (0.14) 81.4 (0.32) 17.6 (0.31) 58.5 (0.32) 12.0 (0.21) 87.7 (0.42) 50.4 (0.64)

March 2006..................... 85.5 (0.09) 28.0 (0.11) 90.5 (0.09) 31.0 (0.14) 81.2 (0.32) 18.6 (0.31) 59.3 (0.31) 12.4 (0.21) 87.5 (0.38) 50.0 (0.57)

March 2007..................... 85.7 (0.09) 28.7 (0.11) 90.6 (0.09) 31.8 (0.14) 82.8 (0.30) 18.7 (0.31) 60.3 (0.30) 12.7 (0.20) 87.9 (0.36) 52.5 (0.56)

March 2008..................... 86.6 (0.08) 29.4 (0.11) 91.5 (0.08) 32.6 (0.14) 83.3 (0.30) 19.7 (0.32) 62.3 (0.29) 13.3 (0.21) 88.8 (0.35) 52.9 (0.55)

March 2009..................... 86.7 (0.08) 29.5 (0.11) 91.6 (0.08) 32.9 (0.14) 84.2 (0.29) 19.4 (0.31) 61.9 (0.29) 13.2 (0.20) 88.3 (0.36) 52.8 (0.55)

March 2010..................... 87.1 (0.08) 29.9 (0.11) 92.1 (0.08) 33.2 (0.14) 84.6 (0.28) 20.0 (0.31) 62.9 (0.29) 13.9 (0.20) 89.1 (0.34) 52.8 (0.54)

Total, 25 to 29

19205 .............................. — (†) — (†) 22.0 (—) 4.5 (—) 6.3 (—) 1.2 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1940 ....................... 38.1 (—) 5.9 (—) 41.2 (—) 6.4 (—) 12.3 (—) 1.6 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1950 ....................... 52.8 (—) 7.7 (—) 56.3 (—) 8.2 (—) 23.6 (—) 2.8 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1960 ....................... 60.7 (—) 11.0 (—) 63.7 (—) 11.8 (—) 38.6 (—) 5.4 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1970..................... 75.4 (—) 16.4 (—) 77.8 (—) 17.3 (—) 58.4 (—) 10.0 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1975..................... 83.1 (—) 21.9 (—) 86.6 (—) 23.8 (—) 71.1 (—) 10.5 (—) 53.1 (—) 8.8 (—) — (†) — (†)

March 1980..................... 85.4 (0.40) 22.5 (0.47) 89.2 (0.40) 25.0 (0.55) 76.7 (1.64) 11.6 (1.24) 58.0 (2.59) 7.7 (1.39) — (†) — (†)

March 1985..................... 86.1 (0.37) 22.2 (0.45) 89.5 (0.38) 24.4 (0.53) 80.5 (1.42) 11.6 (1.15) 60.9 (2.17) 11.1 (1.39) — (†) — (†)

March 1986..................... 86.1 (0.37) 22.4 (0.45) 89.6 (0.37) 25.2 (0.53) 83.5 (1.32) 11.8 (1.15) 59.1 (2.07) 9.0 (1.21) — (†) — (†)

March 1987..................... 86.0 (0.37) 22.0 (0.44) 89.4 (0.38) 24.6 (0.53) 83.4 (1.32) 11.5 (1.13) 59.8 (2.04) 8.7 (1.17) — (†) — (†)

March 1988..................... 85.9 (0.37) 22.7 (0.45) 89.7 (0.38) 25.1 (0.54) 80.9 (1.39) 12.0 (1.15) 62.3 (1.96) 11.3 (1.28) — (†) — (†)

March 1989..................... 85.5 (0.38) 23.4 (0.45) 89.3 (0.38) 26.3 (0.55) 82.3 (1.35) 12.6 (1.17) 61.0 (1.92) 10.1 (1.19) 89.7 (2.31) 45.1 (3.77)

March 1990..................... 85.7 (0.38) 23.2 (0.46) 90.1 (0.37) 26.4 (0.55) 81.7 (1.37) 13.4 (1.20) 58.2 (1.94) 8.1 (1.07) 91.5 (2.09) 43.0 (3.71)

March 1991..................... 85.4 (0.39) 23.2 (0.46) 89.8 (0.39) 26.7 (0.56) 81.8 (1.36) 11.0 (1.10) 56.7 (1.96) 9.2 (1.15) 92.5 (2.00) 41.6 (3.74)

March 1992..................... 86.3 (0.38) 23.6 (0.47) 90.7 (0.38) 27.2 (0.58) 80.9 (1.41) 11.0 (1.12) 60.9 (1.93) 9.5 (1.16) 95.7 (1.53) 44.6 (3.77)

March 1993..................... 86.7 (0.38) 23.7 (0.48) 91.2 (0.37) 27.2 (0.59) 82.6 (1.36) 13.3 (1.22) 60.9 (1.90) 8.3 (1.08) 94.4 (1.69) 44.6 (3.67)

March 1994..................... 86.1 (0.39) 23.3 (0.47) 91.1 (0.38) 27.1 (0.60) 84.1 (1.31) 13.6 (1.23) 60.3 (1.75) 8.0 (0.97) 92.2 (1.92) 45.9 (3.58)

March 1995..................... 86.8 (0.39) 24.7 (0.49) 92.5 (0.36) 28.8 (0.62) 86.7 (1.23) 15.4 (1.31) 57.1 (1.80) 8.9 (1.04) 90.8 (2.26) 43.1 (3.87)

March 1996..................... 87.3 (0.40) 27.1 (0.53) 92.6 (0.38) 31.6 (0.67) 86.0 (1.14) 14.6 (1.16) 61.1 (1.58) 10.0 (0.97) 90.0 (1.68) 49.9 (2.80)

March 1997..................... 87.4 (0.37) 27.8 (0.50) 92.9 (0.35) 32.6 (0.63) 86.9 (1.10) 14.2 (1.14) 61.8 (1.24) 11.0 (0.80) 90.6 (1.60) 51.2 (2.74)

March 1998..................... 88.1 (0.36) 27.3 (0.50) 93.6 (0.34) 32.3 (0.64) 88.2 (1.04) 15.8 (1.18) 62.8 (1.23) 10.4 (0.78) 90.5 (1.60) 43.1 (2.70)

March 1999..................... 87.8 (0.37) 28.2 (0.51) 93.0 (0.35) 33.6 (0.66) 88.7 (1.03) 15.0 (1.16) 61.6 (1.26) 8.9 (0.74) 93.4 (1.31) 51.3 (2.65)

March 2000..................... 88.1 (0.37) 29.1 (0.52) 94.0 (0.33) 34.0 (0.67) 86.8 (1.13) 17.8 (1.28) 62.8 (1.22) 9.7 (0.75) 93.7 (1.27) 54.3 (2.60)

March 2001..................... 87.7 (0.38) 28.6 (0.52) 93.3 (0.36) 33.0 (0.68) 87.0 (1.11) 17.8 (1.27) 63.2 (1.23) 11.1 (0.80) 95.2 (1.06) 54.8 (2.46)

March 2002..................... 86.4 (0.28) 29.3 (0.37) 93.0 (0.26) 35.9 (0.50) 87.6 (0.80) 18.0 (0.94) 62.4 (0.78) 8.9 (0.46) 95.4 (0.76) 55.9 (1.80)

March 2003..................... 86.5 (0.27) 28.4 (0.36) 93.7 (0.25) 34.2 (0.49) 88.5 (0.78) 17.5 (0.93) 61.7 (0.75) 10.0 (0.47) 97.3 (0.60) 62.1 (1.77)

March 2004..................... 86.6 (0.27) 28.7 (0.36) 93.3 (0.26) 34.5 (0.49) 88.7 (0.76) 17.1 (0.90) 62.4 (0.75) 10.9 (0.48) 96.6 (0.67) 62.6 (1.78)

March 2005..................... 86.2 (0.27) 28.8 (0.36) 92.8 (0.26) 34.5 (0.48) 87.0 (0.79) 17.6 (0.89) 63.3 (0.74) 11.2 (0.48) 95.5 (0.76) 62.1 (1.77)

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 25

Educational Attainment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Includes persons of Hispanic ethnicity for years prior to 1980.

2Includes Pacific Islanders for years prior to 2003.

3Data for years prior to 1993 are for persons with 4 or more years of high school. Data for

later years are for high school completers—i.e., those persons who graduated from high

school with a diploma, as well as those who completed high school through equivalency

programs, such as a GED program.

4Data for years prior to 1993 are for persons with 4 or more years of college.

5Estimates based on Census Bureau reverse projection of 1940 census data on education

by age.

NOTE: Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not separately shown. Race categories

exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity except where otherwise noted. Standard errors

appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, U.S. Census of Population:

1960, Vol. I, Part 1; 1960 Census Monograph, Education of the American Population, by

John K. Folger and Charles B. Nam; Current Population Reports, Series P-20, various

years; and Current Population Survey (CPS), March 1970 through March 2010. (This table

was prepared September 2010.)

March 2006..................... 86.4 (0.27) 28.4 (0.35) 93.4 (0.25) 34.3 (0.48) 86.3 (0.79) 18.7 (0.90) 63.2 (0.72) 9.5 (0.44) 96.6 (0.58) 61.9 (1.56)

March 2007..................... 87.0 (0.26) 29.6 (0.35) 93.5 (0.25) 35.5 (0.47) 87.7 (0.75) 19.5 (0.90) 65.0 (0.71) 11.6 (0.47) 97.5 (0.50) 61.5 (1.55)

March 2008..................... 87.8 (0.25) 30.8 (0.35) 93.7 (0.24) 37.1 (0.47) 87.5 (0.74) 20.4 (0.91) 68.3 (0.68) 12.4 (0.48) 95.8 (0.65) 60.2 (1.59)

March 2009..................... 88.6 (0.24) 30.6 (0.35) 94.6 (0.22) 37.2 (0.47) 88.9 (0.70) 18.9 (0.87) 68.9 (0.68) 12.2 (0.48) 95.8 (0.67) 60.3 (1.62)

March 2010..................... 88.8 (0.24) 31.7 (0.35) 94.5 (0.22) 38.6 (0.47) 89.6 (0.68) 19.4 (0.88) 69.4 (0.68) 13.5 (0.50) 94.0 (0.76) 55.8 (1.58)

Males, 25 and over

April 1940 ....................... 22.7 (—) 5.5 (—) 24.2 (—) 5.9 (—) 6.9 (—) 1.4 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1950 ....................... 32.6 (—) 7.3 (—) 34.6 (—) 7.9 (—) 12.6 (—) 2.1 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1960 ....................... 39.5 (—) 9.7 (—) 41.6 (—) 10.3 (—) 20.0 (—) 3.5 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1970..................... 55.0 (—) 14.1 (—) 57.2 (—) 15.0 (—) 35.4 (—) 6.8 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1980..................... 69.2 (0.30) 20.9 (0.26) 72.4 (0.31) 22.8 (0.29) 51.2 (1.23) 7.7 (0.66) 44.9 (1.74) 9.2 (1.01) — (†) — (†)

March 1990..................... 77.7 (0.24) 24.4 (0.25) 81.6 (0.25) 26.7 (0.29) 65.8 (1.03) 11.9 (0.70) 50.3 (1.27) 9.8 (0.76) 86.0 (1.49) 45.9 (2.14)

March 1995..................... 81.7 (0.22) 26.0 (0.25) 86.0 (0.22) 28.9 (0.29) 73.5 (0.91) 13.7 (0.71) 52.9 (1.11) 10.1 (0.67) 85.8 (1.46) 42.3 (2.06)

March 1996..................... 81.9 (0.23) 26.0 (0.26) 86.1 (0.23) 28.8 (0.30) 74.6 (0.80) 12.5 (0.61) 53.0 (0.97) 10.3 (0.59) 86.2 (1.10) 46.9 (1.59)

March 1997..................... 82.0 (0.21) 26.2 (0.24) 86.3 (0.21) 29.0 (0.28) 73.8 (0.79) 12.5 (0.60) 54.9 (0.76) 10.6 (0.47) 87.5 (1.00) 48.0 (1.51)

March 1998..................... 82.8 (0.20) 26.5 (0.24) 87.1 (0.21) 29.3 (0.28) 75.4 (0.77) 14.0 (0.62) 55.7 (0.74) 11.1 (0.47) 87.9 (0.98) 46.0 (1.50)

March 1999..................... 83.4 (0.20) 27.5 (0.24) 87.7 (0.20) 30.6 (0.28) 77.2 (0.74) 14.3 (0.62) 56.0 (0.75) 10.7 (0.46) 86.9 (1.00) 46.3 (1.48)

March 2000..................... 84.2 (0.19) 27.8 (0.24) 88.5 (0.20) 30.8 (0.28) 79.1 (0.72) 16.4 (0.65) 56.6 (0.73) 10.7 (0.45) 88.4 (0.94) 48.1 (1.47)

March 2001..................... 84.4 (0.19) 28.0 (0.24) 88.6 (0.19) 30.9 (0.28) 80.6 (0.69) 15.9 (0.64) 55.6 (0.72) 11.1 (0.45) 90.6 (0.78) 52.9 (1.33)

March 2002..................... 83.8 (0.14) 28.5 (0.17) 88.5 (0.14) 31.7 (0.20) 79.0 (0.51) 16.5 (0.47) 56.1 (0.48) 11.0 (0.30) 89.8 (0.58) 51.5 (0.96)

March 2003..................... 84.1 (0.13) 28.9 (0.17) 89.0 (0.14) 32.3 (0.20) 79.9 (0.50) 16.8 (0.47) 56.3 (0.46) 11.2 (0.29) 89.8 (0.59) 54.2 (0.98)

March 2004..................... 84.8 (0.13) 29.4 (0.17) 89.9 (0.13) 32.9 (0.20) 80.8 (0.49) 16.6 (0.46) 57.3 (0.45) 11.8 (0.30) 88.8 (0.60) 54.0 (0.95)

March 2005..................... 84.9 (0.13) 28.9 (0.17) 89.9 (0.13) 32.4 (0.20) 81.4 (0.48) 16.0 (0.45) 57.9 (0.44) 11.8 (0.29) 90.5 (0.55) 54.3 (0.93)

March 2006..................... 85.0 (0.13) 29.2 (0.16) 90.2 (0.13) 32.8 (0.20) 80.7 (0.48) 17.5 (0.46) 58.5 (0.43) 11.9 (0.28) 89.7 (0.51) 53.1 (0.83)

March 2007..................... 85.0 (0.13) 29.5 (0.16) 90.2 (0.13) 33.2 (0.20) 82.5 (0.46) 18.1 (0.47) 58.2 (0.42) 11.8 (0.28) 90.1 (0.49) 55.8 (0.81)

March 2008..................... 85.9 (0.12) 30.1 (0.16) 91.1 (0.12) 33.8 (0.20) 82.1 (0.46) 18.7 (0.47) 60.9 (0.41) 12.6 (0.28) 90.8 (0.47) 56.1 (0.80)

March 2009..................... 86.2 (0.12) 30.1 (0.16) 91.4 (0.12) 33.9 (0.20) 84.2 (0.43) 17.9 (0.45) 60.6 (0.41) 12.5 (0.27) 90.7 (0.47) 56.5 (0.81)

March 2010..................... 86.6 (0.12) 30.3 (0.16) 91.8 (0.12) 34.2 (0.20) 84.2 (0.43) 17.9 (0.45) 61.4 (0.40) 12.9 (0.28) 91.5 (0.45) 56.2 (0.79)

Females, 25 and over

April 1940 ....................... 26.3 (—) 3.8 (—) 28.1 (—) 4.0 (—) 8.4 (—) 1.2 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1950 ....................... 36.0 (—) 5.2 (—) 38.2 (—) 5.4 (—) 14.7 (—) 2.4 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

April 1960 ....................... 42.5 (—) 5.8 (—) 44.7 (—) 6.0 (—) 23.1 (—) 3.6 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1970..................... 55.4 (—) 8.2 (—) 57.7 (—) 8.6 (—) 36.6 (—) 5.6 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

March 1980..................... 68.1 (0.28) 13.6 (0.21) 71.5 (0.30) 14.4 (0.23) 51.5 (1.10) 8.1 (0.60) 44.2 (1.66) 6.2 (0.80) — (†) — (†)

March 1990..................... 77.5 (0.23) 18.4 (0.22) 81.3 (0.24) 19.8 (0.25) 66.5 (0.92) 10.8 (0.60) 51.3 (1.25) 8.7 (0.70) 82.5 (1.57) 37.8 (2.01)

March 1995..................... 81.6 (0.21) 20.2 (0.22) 85.8 (0.22) 22.1 (0.26) 74.1 (0.81) 13.0 (0.62) 53.8 (1.09) 8.4 (0.61) 81.9 (1.54) 35.0 (1.90)

March 1996..................... 81.6 (0.22) 21.4 (0.23) 85.9 (0.22) 23.2 (0.27) 74.6 (0.71) 14.8 (0.58) 53.3 (0.97) 8.3 (0.53) 81.0 (1.21) 38.0 (1.50)

March 1997..................... 82.2 (0.20) 21.7 (0.21) 86.3 (0.20) 23.7 (0.25) 76.5 (0.68) 14.0 (0.56) 54.6 (0.76) 10.1 (0.46) 82.9 (1.11) 37.4 (1.43)

March 1998..................... 82.9 (0.19) 22.4 (0.21) 87.1 (0.20) 24.1 (0.25) 77.1 (0.67) 15.4 (0.58) 55.3 (0.75) 10.9 (0.47) 82.3 (1.09) 38.9 (1.39)

March 1999..................... 83.3 (0.19) 23.1 (0.22) 87.6 (0.19) 25.0 (0.26) 77.5 (0.66) 16.5 (0.59) 56.3 (0.73) 11.0 (0.46) 82.8 (1.06) 39.0 (1.37)

March 2000..................... 84.0 (0.19) 23.6 (0.22) 88.4 (0.19) 25.5 (0.26) 78.7 (0.64) 16.8 (0.59) 57.5 (0.71) 10.6 (0.44) 83.4 (1.03) 41.0 (1.37)

March 2001..................... 84.2 (0.18) 24.3 (0.22) 88.8 (0.19) 26.5 (0.26) 78.6 (0.64) 16.3 (0.58) 57.4 (0.70) 11.3 (0.45) 85.2 (0.91) 43.4 (1.26)

March 2002..................... 84.4 (0.13) 25.1 (0.15) 88.9 (0.13) 27.3 (0.19) 79.4 (0.45) 17.7 (0.42) 57.9 (0.48) 11.2 (0.31) 85.7 (0.64) 44.2 (0.91)

March 2003..................... 85.0 (0.13) 25.7 (0.15) 89.7 (0.13) 27.9 (0.19) 80.7 (0.44) 18.0 (0.43) 57.8 (0.46) 11.6 (0.30) 86.1 (0.64) 46.3 (0.92)

March 2004..................... 85.4 (0.12) 26.1 (0.15) 90.1 (0.12) 28.4 (0.19) 81.2 (0.43) 18.5 (0.43) 59.5 (0.46) 12.3 (0.31) 85.1 (0.64) 45.7 (0.90)

March 2005..................... 85.5 (0.12) 26.5 (0.15) 90.3 (0.12) 28.9 (0.19) 81.5 (0.42) 18.9 (0.43) 59.1 (0.45) 12.1 (0.30) 85.2 (0.63) 46.8 (0.88)

March 2006..................... 85.9 (0.12) 26.9 (0.15) 90.8 (0.12) 29.3 (0.19) 81.5 (0.42) 19.5 (0.43) 60.1 (0.44) 12.9 (0.30) 85.6 (0.55) 47.3 (0.78)

March 2007..................... 86.4 (0.12) 28.0 (0.16) 91.0 (0.12) 30.6 (0.19) 83.0 (0.40) 19.2 (0.42) 62.5 (0.43) 13.7 (0.30) 86.0 (0.53) 49.5 (0.77)

March 2008..................... 87.2 (0.11) 28.8 (0.16) 91.8 (0.11) 31.5 (0.19) 84.2 (0.39) 20.5 (0.43) 63.7 (0.42) 14.1 (0.30) 87.0 (0.51) 50.1 (0.76)

March 2009..................... 87.1 (0.11) 29.1 (0.16) 91.9 (0.11) 31.9 (0.19) 84.2 (0.39) 20.6 (0.43) 63.3 (0.41) 14.0 (0.30) 86.3 (0.52) 49.7 (0.76)

March 2010..................... 87.6 (0.11) 29.6 (0.16) 92.3 (0.11) 32.4 (0.19) 85.0 (0.37) 21.6 (0.43) 64.4 (0.41) 14.9 (0.30) 87.1 (0.50) 49.9 (0.74)

Table 8. Percentage of persons age 25 and over and 25 to 29, by race/ethnicity, years of school completed, and sex: Selected years, 1910 through 

2010—Continued

Age, year,

and sex

Total White1 Black1 Hispanic Asian2

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

High school

completion or

higher3

Bachelor’s or

higher degree4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 9. Number of persons age 18 and over, by highest level of education attained, age, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2010

[In thousands]

Age, sex, and race/ethnicity Total

Elementary High school College

Less than 7 years 7 or 8 years 1 to 3 years 4 years Completion Some college

Associate’s

degree Bachelor’s degree Master’s 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Total, 18 and over...... 229,240 (117.1) 6,191 (85.3) 4,803 (75.3) 16,975 (138.0) 3,468 (64.2) 71,172 (246.0) 44,354 (208.9) 19,740 (147.8) 41,289 (203.2) 15,357 

18 and 19 years old .............. 8,159 (97.5) 61 (8.6) 69 (9.1) 2,723 (57.0) 555 (25.8) 2,236 (51.7) 2,449 (54.1) 37 (6.7) 25 (5.5) 2 ! 

20 to 24 years old ................. 21,154 (152.6) 225 (16.4) 188 (15.1) 1,483 (42.2) 422 (22.5) 6,480 (87.2) 8,244 (98.0) 1,444 (41.6) 2,480 (54.4) 153 25 years old and over ........... 199,928 (203.1) 5,905 (83.4) 4,546 (73.3) 12,768 (120.8) 2,492 (54.5) 62,456 (236.3) 33,662 (186.9) 18,259 (142.7) 38,784 (198.1) 15,203 

25 to 29 years old ............. 21,453 (153.5) 409 (22.2) 318 (19.6) 1,367 (40.5) 314 (19.4) 5,908 (83.4) 4,310 (71.5) 2,033 (49.3) 5,338 (79.3) 1,182 

30 to 34 years old ............. 19,632 (147.5) 508 (24.7) 258 (17.6) 1,323 (39.8) 268 (18.0) 5,278 (78.9) 3,442 (64.0) 1,870 (47.3) 4,502 (73.0) 1,592 35 to 39 years old ............. 19,888 (148.3) 555 (25.8) 308 (19.3) 1,214 (38.2) 259 (17.7) 5,361 (79.5) 3,328 (62.9) 2,064 (49.7) 4,521 (73.1) 1,662 

40 to 49 years old ............. 43,086 (206.6) 1,102 (36.4) 647 (27.9) 2,473 (54.3) 568 (26.2) 13,569 (124.3) 6,924 (90.1) 4,538 (73.3) 8,694 (100.5) 3,313 50 to 59 years old ............. 41,032 (202.6) 984 (34.4) 629 (27.5) 2,118 (50.3) 461 (23.5) 13,194 (122.6) 7,256 (92.1) 4,145 (70.1) 7,636 (94.4) 3,369 

60 to 64 years old ............. 16,223 (135.1) 468 (23.7) 341 (20.3) 754 (30.1) 150 (13.4) 5,089 (77.5) 2,654 (56.3) 1,408 (41.1) 3,028 (60.0) 1,684 

65 years old and over........ 38,613 (197.8) 1,879 (47.4) 2,046 (49.5) 3,520 (64.7) 473 (23.9) 14,057 (126.4) 5,748 (82.3) 2,201 (51.3) 5,066 (77.3) 2,402 

Males, 18 and over........ 111,162 (268.8) 3,161 (61.3) 2,385 (53.4) 8,651 (100.3) 1,933 (48.1) 35,449 (191.0) 20,967 (151.9) 8,292 (98.3) 19,762 (147.9) 6,923 

18 and 19 years old .............. 4,153 (70.2) 33 (6.3) 46 (7.4) 1,527 (42.8) 313 (19.4) 1,138 (37.0) 1,073 (35.9) 11 ! (3.6) 8 ! (3.2) 1 ! 

20 to 24 years old ................. 10,684 (111.0) 154 (13.6) 102 (11.1) 818 (31.4) 221 (16.3) 3,629 (65.7) 3,986 (68.8) 619 (27.3) 1,079 (36.0) 63 

25 years old and over ........... 96,325 (264.2) 2,974 (59.5) 2,237 (51.7) 6,306 (86.1) 1,399 (40.9) 30,682 (179.7) 15,908 (133.9) 7,662 (94.6) 18,674 (144.1) 6,859 

25 to 29 years old ............. 10,928 (112.2) 243 (17.1) 167 (14.2) 759 (30.2) 203 (15.6) 3,451 (64.1) 2,154 (50.7) 916 (33.2) 2,470 (54.3) 442 30 to 34 years old ............. 9,761 (106.3) 281 (18.4) 136 (12.8) 739 (29.8) 166 (14.1) 3,007 (59.8) 1,708 (45.2) 808 (31.2) 1,987 (48.7) 627 35 to 39 years old ............. 9,902 (107.0) 296 (18.9) 186 (15.0) 622 (27.4) 164 (14.0) 2,983 (59.6) 1,611 (43.9) 861 (32.2) 2,145 (50.6) 703 40 to 49 years old ............. 21,264 (152.9) 592 (26.7) 352 (20.6) 1,349 (40.2) 337 (20.1) 7,128 (91.3) 3,218 (61.9) 1,849 (47.0) 4,162 (70.2) 1,564 

50 to 59 years old ............. 20,010 (148.8) 509 (24.7) 321 (19.7) 1,061 (35.7) 243 (17.1) 6,603 (88.0) 3,490 (64.4) 1,777 (46.1) 3,656 (65.9) 1,536 

60 to 64 years old ............. 7,667 (94.6) 238 (16.9) 177 (14.6) 358 (20.8) 77 (9.7) 2,140 (50.6) 1,219 (38.2) 642 (27.8) 1,657 (44.5) 734 65 years old and over........ 16,793 (137.3) 815 (31.3) 899 (32.9) 1,418 (41.2) 210 (15.9) 5,370 (79.6) 2,507 (54.7) 809 (31.2) 2,598 (55.7) 1,253 

Females, 18 and over ... 118,079 (269.6) 3,030 (60.1) 2,419 (53.7) 8,323 (98.4) 1,535 (42.9) 35,723 (191.6) 23,387 (159.6) 11,448 (114.7) 21,528 (153.8) 8,434 

18 and 19 years old .............. 4,006 (68.9) 28 (5.8) 23 (5.3) 1,196 (37.9) 242 (17.1) 1,098 (36.3) 1,375 (40.6) 26 (5.6) 16 (4.4) 1 ! 

20 to 24 years old ................. 10,470 (109.9) 70 (9.2) 87 (10.2) 665 (28.3) 200 (15.5) 2,851 (58.3) 4,258 (71.0) 825 (31.5) 1,402 (41.0) 89 

25 years old and over ........... 103,603 (267.0) 2,932 (59.1) 2,309 (52.5) 6,462 (87.1) 1,093 (36.2) 31,774 (182.4) 17,753 (140.8) 10,597 (110.5) 20,110 (149.1) 8,344 

25 to 29 years old ............. 10,525 (110.2) 166 (14.1) 151 (13.5) 608 (27.0) 111 (11.6) 2,457 (54.2) 2,156 (50.8) 1,117 (36.6) 2,868 (58.5) 740 

30 to 34 years old ............. 9,871 (106.8) 226 (16.5) 122 (12.1) 584 (26.5) 102 (11.1) 2,271 (52.1) 1,733 (45.6) 1,062 (35.7) 2,515 (54.8) 965 

35 to 39 years old ............. 9,986 (107.4) 260 (17.7) 122 (12.1) 591 (26.7) 95 (10.7) 2,378 (53.3) 1,717 (45.3) 1,203 (38.0) 2,376 (53.3) 958 40 to 49 years old ............. 21,822 (154.7) 510 (24.8) 295 (18.9) 1,124 (36.7) 232 (16.7) 6,441 (86.9) 3,705 (66.3) 2,689 (56.6) 4,532 (73.2) 1,749 50 to 59 years old ............. 21,023 (152.1) 476 (23.9) 308 (19.3) 1,057 (35.6) 218 (16.2) 6,591 (87.9) 3,766 (66.9) 2,368 (53.2) 3,980 (68.7) 1,833 60 to 64 years old ............. 8,556 (99.8) 230 (16.6) 164 (14.1) 396 (21.8) 73 (9.4) 2,949 (59.3) 1,436 (41.5) 766 (30.3) 1,371 (40.5) 950 65 years old and over........ 21,820 (154.7) 1,064 (35.7) 1,147 (37.1) 2,102 (50.1) 263 (17.8) 8,687 (100.5) 3,241 (62.1) 1,392 (40.9) 2,467 (54.3) 1,149 

White, 18 and over........ 156,247 (257.6) 1,060 (35.7) 2,368 (53.2) 8,789 (101.1) 1,549 (43.1) 48,778 (216.6) 31,270 (181.2) 14,421 (127.9) 31,465 (181.6) 11,935 

18 and 19 years old .............. 4,868 (75.8) 30 (6.0) 27 (5.7) 1,555 (43.2) 261 (17.7) 1,340 (40.1) 1,618 (44.0) 19 (4.8) 16 (4.4) 1 ! 

20 to 24 years old ................. 12,897 (121.3) 39 (6.8) 61 (8.6) 627 (27.5) 159 (13.9) 3,636 (65.7) 5,450 (80.1) 973 (34.2) 1,838 (46.9) 89 25 years old and over ........... 138,482 (266.7) 991 (34.5) 2,280 (52.2) 6,607 (88.0) 1,129 (36.8) 43,802 (207.9) 24,203 (162.0) 13,428 (123.7) 29,611 (177.0) 11,846 

25 to 29 years old ............. 12,843 (121.1) 22 (5.1) 89 (10.4) 479 (24.0) 115 (11.8) 3,233 (62.0) 2,619 (55.9) 1,330 (39.9) 3,967 (68.6) 801 30 to 34 years old ............. 11,648 (115.6) 33 (6.4) 54 (8.0) 460 (23.5) 92 (10.5) 2,988 (59.7) 2,143 (50.6) 1,245 (38.7) 3,113 (60.9) 1,139 35 to 39 years old ............. 12,072 (117.6) 42 (7.1) 95 (10.7) 442 (23.1) 74 (9.4) 3,144 (61.2) 2,112 (50.2) 1,389 (40.8) 3,163 (61.4) 1,169 40 to 49 years old ............. 28,772 (174.8) 94 (10.7) 233 (16.7) 1,131 (36.9) 249 (17.3) 9,013 (102.3) 4,795 (75.3) 3,332 (62.9) 6,516 (87.4) 2,449 

50 to 59 years old ............. 29,991 (178.0) 122 (12.1) 275 (18.2) 1,159 (37.3) 214 (16.1) 9,641 (105.7) 5,540 (80.8) 3,219 (61.9) 6,023 (84.2) 2,793 

60 to 64 years old ............. 12,420 (119.2) 83 (10.0) 152 (13.5) 412 (22.3) 72 (9.3) 3,978 (68.7) 2,095 (50.0) 1,107 (36.4) 2,525 (54.9) 1,447 

65 years old and over........ 30,736 (179.8) 595 (26.7) 1,381 (40.7) 2,524 (54.9) 314 (19.4) 11,804 (116.4) 4,899 (76.1) 1,806 (46.5) 4,303 (71.4) 2,049 

Black, 18 and over ........ 26,282 (125.8) 399 (23.2) 520 (26.5) 2,846 (60.4) 605 (28.5) 9,356 (101.1) 5,703 (82.7) 2,207 (53.6) 3,159 (63.4) 1,189 

18 and 19 years old .............. 1,144 (39.0) ‡ (†) 14 ! (4.4) 433 (24.2) 88 (10.9) 368 (22.3) 234 (17.8) 4 ! (2.5) 3 ! (2.0) ‡ 20 to 24 years old ................. 2,936 (61.3) 4 ! (2.3) 21 (5.3) 322 (20.9) 81 (10.5) 1,143 (39.0) 1,035 (37.2) 121 (12.8) 196 (16.3) 13 ! 

25 years old and over ........... 22,202 (126.4) 395 (23.1) 485 (25.6) 2,091 (52.2) 436 (24.3) 7,845 (94.4) 4,434 (74.0) 2,082 (52.1) 2,960 (61.5) 1,176 

25 to 29 years old ............. 2,760 (59.5) 19 (5.1) 23 (5.6) 197 (16.4) 48 (8.1) 964 (35.9) 697 (30.6) 276 (19.4) 406 (23.4) 92 

30 to 34 years old ............. 2,492 (56.7) 8 ! (3.3) 11 ! (3.9) 232 (17.8) 49 (8.2) 804 (32.8) 577 (27.9) 240 (18.1) 407 (23.4) 122 35 to 39 years old ............. 2,425 (56.0) 13 ! (4.2) 17 (4.8) 167 (15.1) 30 (6.4) 798 (32.7) 536 (26.9) 286 (19.7) 439 (24.4) 111 40 to 49 years old ............. 5,145 (79.1) 45 (7.8) 43 (7.7) 381 (22.7) 102 (11.8) 1,949 (50.5) 993 (36.4) 544 (27.1) 740 (31.5) 291 50 to 59 years old ............. 4,472 (74.3) 46 (8.0) 62 (9.2) 397 (23.2) 87 (10.9) 1,692 (47.2) 886 (34.4) 419 (23.8) 563 (27.6) 268 60 to 64 years old ............. 1,659 (46.7) 40 (7.4) 49 (8.1) 171 (15.3) 41 (7.5) 584 (28.0) 306 (20.4) 163 (14.9) 155 (14.5) 119 65 years old and over........ 3,249 (64.2) 224 (17.4) 280 (19.5) 545 (27.1) 79 (10.4) 1,055 (37.5) 438 (24.3) 154 (14.5) 251 (18.4) 174 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. !Interpret data with caution. ‡Reporting standards not met. NOTE: Total includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. Although cells with fewer than 75,000 weighted per- sons are subject to relatively wide sampling variation, they are included in the table to permit various types of aggrega- tions. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may no

errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Popuwas prepared September 2010.)

Hispanic, 18 and over... 31,845 (70.9) 4,263 (59.1) 1,656 (38.2) 4,478 (60.4) 1,085 (31.2) 9,571 (81.4) 4,955 (63.1) 1,945 (41.3) 2,862 (49.4) 745 

18 and 19 years old .............. 1,598 (37.6) 30 (5.2) 20 (4.3) 572 (22.8) 151 (11.8) 408 (19.3) 408 (19.3) 8 ! (2.7) 1 ! (0.9) ‡ 20 to 24 years old ................. 3,872 (56.7) 178 (12.8) 92 (9.2) 471 (20.7) 172 (12.6) 1,349 (34.6) 1,155 (32.1) 228 (14.5) 209 (13.8) 12 

25 years old and over ........... 26,375 (87.3) 4,055 (57.8) 1,544 (37.0) 3,435 (53.7) 761 (26.2) 7,815 (75.8) 3,392 (53.4) 1,709 (38.8) 2,652 (47.7) 733 

25 to 29 years old ............. 4,219 (58.8) 355 (18.0) 198 (13.5) 600 (23.3) 139 (11.3) 1,375 (35.0) 688 (25.0) 296 (16.4) 463 (20.5) 96 

30 to 34 years old ............. 3,868 (56.6) 453 (20.3) 185 (13.0) 568 (22.7) 110 (10.1) 1,206 (32.8) 532 (22.0) 231 (14.6) 448 (20.2) 86 35 to 39 years old ............. 3,767 (56.0) 460 (20.5) 180 (12.8) 552 (22.4) 134 (11.1) 1,129 (31.8) 464 (20.6) 270 (15.7) 420 (19.6) 117 40 to 49 years old ............. 6,264 (69.5) 905 (28.5) 340 (17.6) 813 (27.1) 185 (13.0) 1,904 (40.9) 780 (26.5) 429 (19.8) 653 (24.3) 189 50 to 59 years old ............. 4,150 (58.4) 745 (26.0) 237 (14.7) 462 (20.5) 109 (10.0) 1,200 (32.7) 544 (22.2) 269 (15.7) 402 (19.2) 131 60 to 64 years old ............. 1,292 (33.9) 295 (16.4) 118 (10.4) 128 (10.8) 31 (5.3) 311 (16.9) 157 (12.0) 75 (8.3) 111 (10.1) 40 

65 years old and over........ 2,815 (49.0) 841 (27.5) 285 (16.2) 313 (16.9) 54 (7.0) 689 (25.0) 227 (14.4) 139 (11.3) 154 (11.9) 73 

Asian, 18 and over........ 10,455 (68.0) 420 (21.2) 185 (14.2) 394 (20.6) 157 (13.1) 2,102 (45.1) 1,335 (36.8) 736 (27.9) 3,204 (53.7) 1,303 

18 and 19 years old .............. 297 (17.9) ‡ (†) 6 ! (2.6) 70 (8.8) 35 (6.2) 58 (8.0) 119 (11.4) 3 ! (1.8) 5 ! (2.3) 1 ! 20 to 24 years old ................. 877 (30.3) 3 ! (1.9) 9 ! (3.2) 15 (4.0) 6 ! (2.5) 160 (13.2) 387 (20.4) 78 (9.3) 184 (14.1) 33 25 years old and over ........... 9,281 (69.2) 416 (21.2) 170 (13.6) 309 (18.3) 117 (11.3) 1,884 (43.0) 829 (29.5) 655 (26.3) 3,016 (52.4) 1,269 

25 to 29 years old ............. 1,083 (33.5) 13 (3.8) 4 ! (2.2) 41 (6.7) 6 ! (2.6) 169 (13.6) 162 (13.3) 83 (9.5) 397 (20.7) 176 

30 to 34 years old ............. 1,196 (35.0) 13 (3.8) 6 ! (2.6) 20 (4.6) 10 ! (3.3) 151 (12.8) 101 (10.5) 105 (10.7) 450 (22.0) 230 

35 to 39 years old ............. 1,215 (35.3) 38 (6.5) 12 ! (3.6) 33 (6.0) 17 (4.4) 174 (13.8) 103 (10.6) 66 (8.5) 435 (21.6) 243 

40 to 49 years old ............. 2,131 (45.4) 53 (7.6) 24 (5.1) 76 (9.1) 26 (5.4) 446 (21.9) 186 (14.2) 152 (12.9) 669 (26.6) 338 

50 to 59 years old ............. 1,688 (41.0) 66 (8.5) 37 (6.3) 33 (6.0) 41 (6.7) 442 (21.8) 141 (12.4) 137 (12.2) 539 (24.0) 133 

60 to 64 years old ............. 629 (25.8) 47 (7.2) 18 (4.4) 23 (5.0) 4 ! (2.1) 146 (12.6) 44 (7.0) 45 (7.0) 205 (14.9) 64 65 years old and over........ 1,339 (36.9) 185 (14.2) 70 (8.8) 84 (9.6) 12 (3.7) 356 (19.6) 91 (10.0) 68 (8.6) 322 (18.6) 84 

Table 9. Number of persons age 18 and over, by highest level of education attained, age, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2010—Continued

[In thousands]

Age, sex, and race/ethnicity Total

Elementary High school College

Less than 7 years 7 or 8 years 1 to 3 years 4 years Completion Some college

Associate’s

degree Bachelor’s degree Master’s 

1 2 3 45 678 910 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standarderrors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Survey of Income tabulations. (This table was prepared September 2005.)

Table 10. Persons age 18 and over who hold at least a bachelor’s degree in specific fields of study, by sex, race/ethnicity, and age: 2001Field of study Total

Sex Race/ethnicity 

Males Females White Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American Indian/

Alaska Native 18 to 29 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total population, 18 and over (in thousands) ....... 208,762 (680.6) 99,811 (484.3) 108,951 (477.6) 151,898 (779.3) 23,314 (234.3) 23,580 (273.6) 8,097 (252.9) 1,873 (135.5) 44,447 

Degree holders Number (in thousands)

Total................................................................... 49,144 (595.5) 24,977 (422.6) 24,166 (419.3) 40,138 (548.5) 3,192 (142.5) 2,189 (145.7) 3,389 (177.9) 235 (49.2) 7,016 

Agriculture/forestry .................................................... 540 (68.7) 421 (60.6) ‡ (†) 473 (64.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ Art/architecture .......................................................... 1,450 (112.4) 649 (75.2) 801 (83.5) 1,156 (100.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 259 

Business/management .............................................. 8,976 (275.8) 5,679 (218.3) 3,297 (167.9) 7,254 (248.7) 623 (65.4) 426 (66.1) 633 (80.2) ‡ (†) 1,202 

Communications........................................................ 1,164 (100.7) 577 (70.9) 586 (71.5) 945 (90.8) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 301 

Computer and information sciences .......................... 1,249 (104.3) 871 (87.0) 378 (57.4) 895 (88.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 166 (41.4) ‡ (†) 268 

Education................................................................... 7,102 (246.1) 1,750 (123.0) 5,351 (212.3) 6,160 (229.6) 490 (58.1) 234 (49.1) 181 (43.2) ‡ (†) 663 Engineering ............................................................... 3,959 (184.8) 3,558 (174.2) 401 (59.2) 3,085 (163.4) ‡ (†) 173 (42.3) 559 (75.5) ‡ (†) 459 

English/literature........................................................ 1,527 (115.3) 597 (72.1) 930 (89.9) 1,316 (107.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 241 Foreign languages..................................................... 448 (62.6) 135 (34.4) 313 (52.3) 344 (54.9) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Health sciences ......................................................... 2,298 (141.3) 482 (64.8) 1,817 (125.3) 1,811 (125.5) 173 (34.8) ‡ (†) 213 (46.9) ‡ (†) 382 

Liberal arts/humanities .............................................. 2,846 (157.0) 1,150 (99.9) 1,695 (121.1) 2,444 (145.6) 146 (31.9) ‡ (†) 142 (38.3) ‡ (†) 400 

Mathematics/statistics ............................................... 869 (87.1) 507 (66.5) 362 (56.2) 567 (70.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 149 (39.2) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Natural sciences (biological and physical)................. 2,910 (158.8) 1,756 (123.2) 1,153 (100.1) 2,260 (140.1) 190 (36.4) ‡ (†) 345 (59.5) ‡ (†) 413 

Philosophy/religion/theology...................................... 628 (74.1) 437 (61.8) 191 (40.9) 533 (68.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Pre-professional......................................................... 596 (72.1) 397 (58.9) 199 (41.7) 448 (62.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Psychology ................................................................ 1,903 (128.6) 606 (72.7) 1,297 (106.1) 1,561 (116.6) 157 (33.0) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 428 Social sciences/history .............................................. 2,436 (145.4) 1,026 (94.4) 1,410 (110.5) 1,981 (131.2) 260 (42.5) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 359 

Other fields ................................................................ 8,243 (264.6) 4,377 (192.6) 3,866 (181.5) 6,907 (242.8) 417 (53.7) 337 (58.8) 559 (75.5) ‡ (†) 1,253 

Percentage distribution of degree holders, by field

Total................................................................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Agriculture/forestry .................................................... 1.1 (0.14) 1.7 (0.24) 0.5 (0.13) 1.2 (0.16) 0.7 (0.38) 1.1 (0.73) 0.5 (0.40) ‡ (†) 0.7 Art/architecture .......................................................... 3.0 (0.23) 2.6 (0.30) 3.3 (0.34) 2.9 (0.25) 3.3 (0.83) 4.8 (1.47) 2.2 (0.81) 4.4 (4.32) 3.7 Business/management .............................................. 18.3 (0.52) 22.7 (0.78) 13.6 (0.65) 18.1 (0.57) 19.5 (1.86) 19.5 (2.72) 18.7 (2.16) 17.5 (7.98) 17.1 Communications........................................................ 2.4 (0.20) 2.3 (0.28) 2.4 (0.29) 2.4 (0.22) 3.2 (0.82) 3.3 (1.23) 1.2 (0.60) ‡ (†) 4.3 Computer and information sciences .......................... 2.5 (0.21) 3.5 (0.34) 1.6 (0.24) 2.2 (0.22) 3.9 (0.91) 2.6 (1.10) 4.9 (1.19) ‡ (†) 3.8 

Education................................................................... 14.5 (0.47) 7.0 (0.48) 22.1 (0.79) 15.3 (0.53) 15.3 (1.69) 10.7 (2.13) 5.3 (1.24) 16.0 (7.69) 9.5 Engineering ............................................................... 8.1 (0.36) 14.2 (0.65) 1.7 (0.24) 7.7 (0.39) 3.6 (0.87) 7.9 (1.86) 16.5 (2.05) 11.4 (6.67) 6.5 

English/literature........................................................ 3.1 (0.23) 2.4 (0.29) 3.8 (0.37) 3.3 (0.26) 2.6 (0.75) 3.1 (1.19) 1.7 (0.71) ‡ (†) 3.4 

Foreign languages..................................................... 0.9 (0.13) 0.5 (0.14) 1.3 (0.22) 0.9 (0.14) 0.8 (0.42) 1.7 (0.90) 1.0 (0.56) ‡ (†) 0.6 

Health sciences ......................................................... 4.7 (0.28) 1.9 (0.26) 7.5 (0.50) 4.5 (0.31) 5.4 (1.06) 4.4 (1.41) 6.3 (1.34) 2.1 (2.99) 5.4 Liberal arts/humanities .............................................. 5.8 (0.31) 4.6 (0.39) 7.0 (0.49) 6.1 (0.35) 4.6 (0.98) 4.7 (1.45) 4.2 (1.11) 4.5 (4.37) 5.7 Mathematics/statistics ............................................... 1.8 (0.18) 2.0 (0.26) 1.5 (0.23) 1.4 (0.17) 2.4 (0.72) 2.4 (1.05) 4.4 (1.13) 10.4 (6.41) 1.7 

Natural sciences (biological and physical)................. 5.9 (0.31) 7.0 (0.48) 4.8 (0.41) 5.6 (0.34) 6.0 (1.11) 4.9 (1.49) 10.2 (1.67) 2.7 (3.41) 5.9 

Philosophy/religion/theology...................................... 1.3 (0.15) 1.8 (0.25) 0.8 (0.17) 1.3 (0.17) 0.9 (0.45) 1.8 (0.90) 0.8 (0.49) ‡ (†) 1.5 

Pre-professional......................................................... 1.2 (0.15) 1.6 (0.23) 0.8 (0.17) 1.1 (0.16) 1.6 (0.59) 2.0 (0.97) 1.5 (0.67) ‡ (†) 1.1 

Psychology ................................................................ 3.9 (0.26) 2.4 (0.29) 5.4 (0.43) 3.9 (0.29) 4.9 (1.01) 5.0 (1.50) 1.7 (0.72) 7.9 (5.65) 6.1 Social sciences/history .............................................. 5.0 (0.29) 4.1 (0.37) 5.8 (0.45) 4.9 (0.32) 8.1 (1.28) 4.7 (1.45) 2.4 (0.85) 4.7 (4.45) 5.1 Other fields ................................................................ 16.8 (0.50) 17.5 (0.71) 16.0 (0.70) 17.2 (0.56) 13.1 (1.58) 15.4 (2.48) 16.5 (2.05) 9.9 (6.26) 17.9 
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 29

Educational Attainment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero.

1High school completers include diploma recipients and those completing through alternative credentials, such as a GED.

2Use of a 3-year average increases the sample size, thereby reducing the size of sampling errors and producing more stable estimates.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in

parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File

3, retrieved October 11, 2006, from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DatasetMain

PageServlet?_ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&_program=DEC&_lang=en; Census Briefs,

Educational Attainment: 2000; and 2006–2008 American Community Survey (ACS) 

3-Year Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data. (This table was prepared June

2010.)

Table 11. Educational attainment of persons 18 years old and over, by state: 2000 and 2006–08

State

Percent of 18- to 

24-year-olds who were 

high school completers1

Percent of population, 25 years old and over, by education level

2000 2006–08 (3-year average)2

Less than

high school

completion

High school

completion

or higher

Bachelor’s or higher degree

Less than

high school

completion

High school

completion

or higher

Bachelor’s or higher degree

Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Graduate or

professional

degree Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Graduate or

professional

2000 degree

2006–08

(3-year

average)2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ..... 74.7 (0.02) 82.9 (0.06) 19.6 (0.01) 80.4 (0.01) 24.4 (0.01) 15.5 (0.01) 8.9 (#) 15.4 (0.03) 84.6 (0.03) 27.4 (0.04) 17.3 (0.02) 10.1 (0.02)

Alabama ..................... 72.2 (0.15) 79.9 (0.53) 24.7 (0.06) 75.3 (0.06) 19.0 (0.05) 12.1 (0.04) 6.9 (0.03) 19.1 (0.20) 80.9 (0.20) 21.5 (0.17) 13.8 (0.15) 7.8 (0.11)

Alaska......................... 76.9 (0.40) 80.4 (1.37) 11.7 (0.12) 88.3 (0.12) 24.7 (0.16) 16.1 (0.13) 8.6 (0.10) 9.3 (0.36) 90.7 (0.36) 26.4 (0.52) 16.6 (0.37) 9.8 (0.35)

Arizona ....................... 69.2 (0.19) 77.5 (0.43) 19.0 (0.06) 81.0 (0.06) 23.5 (0.07) 15.1 (0.06) 8.4 (0.04) 16.4 (0.16) 83.6 (0.16) 25.4 (0.13) 16.2 (0.12) 9.2 (0.07)

Arkansas..................... 75.4 (0.19) 81.5 (0.55) 24.7 (0.07) 75.3 (0.07) 16.7 (0.06) 11.0 (0.05) 5.7 (0.04) 18.7 (0.23) 81.3 (0.23) 19.0 (0.22) 12.6 (0.18) 6.4 (0.13)

California .................... 70.7 (0.07) 81.8 (0.16) 23.2 (0.03) 76.8 (0.03) 26.6 (0.03) 17.1 (0.02) 9.5 (0.02) 19.7 (0.07) 80.3 (0.07) 29.4 (0.07) 18.9 (0.06) 10.6 (0.04)

Colorado ..................... 75.1 (0.15) 82.9 (0.36) 13.1 (0.05) 86.9 (0.05) 32.7 (0.06) 21.6 (0.06) 11.1 (0.04) 11.4 (0.14) 88.6 (0.14) 35.1 (0.19) 22.6 (0.20) 12.4 (0.13)

Connecticut................. 78.2 (0.21) 87.3 (0.50) 16.0 (0.06) 84.0 (0.06) 31.4 (0.08) 18.1 (0.07) 13.3 (0.06) 11.7 (0.17) 88.3 (0.17) 34.8 (0.21) 19.9 (0.17) 14.9 (0.14)

Delaware..................... 77.6 (0.41) 81.9 (1.18) 17.4 (0.14) 82.6 (0.14) 25.0 (0.16) 15.6 (0.14) 9.4 (0.11) 13.5 (0.32) 86.5 (0.32) 26.8 (0.48) 16.1 (0.37) 10.7 (0.29)

District of Columbia .... 79.4 (0.40) 86.4 (0.94) 22.2 (0.18) 77.8 (0.18) 39.1 (0.21) 18.1 (0.17) 21.0 (0.18) 14.8 (0.39) 85.2 (0.39) 46.9 (0.47) 20.8 (0.37) 26.2 (0.38)

Florida......................... 71.7 (0.11) 80.6 (0.26) 20.1 (0.04) 79.9 (0.04) 22.3 (0.04) 14.2 (0.03) 8.1 (0.02) 15.0 (0.08) 85.0 (0.08) 25.7 (0.08) 16.7 (0.07) 9.0 (0.05)

Georgia....................... 70.0 (0.15) 78.4 (0.35) 21.4 (0.05) 78.6 (0.05) 24.3 (0.05) 16.0 (0.05) 8.3 (0.04) 17.1 (0.12) 82.9 (0.12) 26.9 (0.12) 17.5 (0.09) 9.4 (0.08)

Hawaii......................... 85.8 (0.25) 90.6 (0.63) 15.4 (0.10) 84.6 (0.10) 26.2 (0.12) 17.8 (0.10) 8.4 (0.08) 10.5 (0.27) 89.5 (0.27) 29.0 (0.39) 19.2 (0.32) 9.8 (0.22)

Idaho........................... 77.3 (0.25) 83.7 (0.75) 15.3 (0.09) 84.7 (0.09) 21.7 (0.10) 14.9 (0.09) 6.8 (0.06) 12.0 (0.28) 88.0 (0.28) 24.1 (0.31) 16.7 (0.26) 7.5 (0.15)

Illinois.......................... 76.0 (0.09) 84.2 (0.24) 18.6 (0.03) 81.4 (0.03) 26.1 (0.03) 16.6 (0.03) 9.5 (0.02) 14.4 (0.10) 85.6 (0.10) 29.5 (0.11) 18.5 (0.09) 11.0 (0.07)

Indiana........................ 76.5 (0.15) 81.0 (0.39) 17.9 (0.05) 82.1 (0.05) 19.4 (0.05) 12.2 (0.04) 7.2 (0.04) 14.2 (0.13) 85.8 (0.13) 22.5 (0.15) 14.4 (0.11) 8.1 (0.09)

Iowa ............................ 81.4 (0.16) 87.9 (0.50) 13.9 (0.06) 86.1 (0.06) 21.2 (0.07) 14.7 (0.06) 6.5 (0.04) 10.4 (0.16) 89.6 (0.16) 24.2 (0.22) 16.8 (0.22) 7.4 (0.15)

Kansas........................ 78.3 (0.18) 85.8 (0.56) 14.0 (0.06) 86.0 (0.06) 25.8 (0.08) 17.1 (0.06) 8.7 (0.05) 11.0 (0.19) 89.0 (0.19) 29.2 (0.30) 19.3 (0.25) 9.9 (0.19)

Kentucky ..................... 74.9 (0.15) 82.6 (0.52) 25.9 (0.06) 74.1 (0.06) 17.1 (0.05) 10.2 (0.04) 6.9 (0.03) 19.5 (0.18) 80.5 (0.18) 19.9 (0.16) 12.0 (0.11) 8.0 (0.10)

Louisiana .................... 72.3 (0.15) 77.5 (0.53) 25.2 (0.06) 74.8 (0.06) 18.7 (0.05) 12.2 (0.04) 6.5 (0.03) 19.9 (0.20) 80.1 (0.20) 20.3 (0.17) 13.6 (0.15) 6.7 (0.10)

Maine.......................... 78.9 (0.28) 85.0 (0.91) 14.6 (0.08) 85.4 (0.08) 22.9 (0.10) 15.0 (0.09) 7.9 (0.06) 10.6 (0.26) 89.4 (0.26) 25.6 (0.35) 16.6 (0.32) 9.0 (0.26)

Maryland..................... 79.6 (0.16) 85.6 (0.39) 16.2 (0.05) 83.8 (0.05) 31.4 (0.07) 18.0 (0.06) 13.4 (0.05) 12.5 (0.14) 87.5 (0.14) 35.3 (0.18) 19.6 (0.15) 15.7 (0.10)

Massachusetts............ 82.2 (0.13) 87.6 (0.33) 15.2 (0.05) 84.8 (0.05) 33.2 (0.06) 19.5 (0.05) 13.7 (0.04) 11.6 (0.11) 88.4 (0.11) 37.7 (0.17) 21.8 (0.14) 16.0 (0.13)

Michigan ..................... 76.5 (0.10) 84.0 (0.29) 16.6 (0.03) 83.4 (0.03) 21.8 (0.04) 13.7 (0.03) 8.1 (0.02) 12.3 (0.11) 87.7 (0.11) 24.8 (0.15) 15.4 (0.11) 9.4 (0.09)

Minnesota ................... 79.3 (0.13) 86.7 (0.38) 12.1 (0.04) 87.9 (0.04) 27.4 (0.06) 19.1 (0.05) 8.3 (0.03) 8.9 (0.13) 91.1 (0.13) 31.0 (0.19) 21.1 (0.19) 9.8 (0.13)

Mississippi .................. 71.3 (0.18) 78.4 (0.62) 27.1 (0.08) 72.9 (0.08) 16.9 (0.06) 11.1 (0.05) 5.8 (0.04) 21.1 (0.23) 78.9 (0.23) 19.1 (0.23) 12.5 (0.20) 6.6 (0.12)

Missouri ...................... 76.5 (0.13) 82.4 (0.40) 18.7 (0.05) 81.3 (0.05) 21.6 (0.05) 14.0 (0.04) 7.6 (0.03) 14.3 (0.15) 85.7 (0.15) 24.6 (0.17) 15.7 (0.14) 9.0 (0.10)

Montana...................... 78.6 (0.31) 83.4 (0.93) 12.8 (0.10) 87.2 (0.10) 24.4 (0.13) 17.2 (0.11) 7.2 (0.08) 9.4 (0.23) 90.6 (0.23) 26.8 (0.43) 18.5 (0.37) 8.3 (0.26)

Nebraska .................... 80.0 (0.21) 86.8 (0.60) 13.4 (0.07) 86.6 (0.07) 23.7 (0.09) 16.4 (0.08) 7.3 (0.06) 10.0 (0.22) 90.0 (0.22) 27.0 (0.31) 18.5 (0.27) 8.6 (0.20)

Nevada ....................... 66.7 (0.32) 77.6 (0.65) 19.3 (0.10) 80.7 (0.10) 18.2 (0.10) 12.1 (0.08) 6.1 (0.06) 16.3 (0.20) 83.7 (0.20) 21.4 (0.21) 14.3 (0.19) 7.1 (0.12)

New Hampshire .......... 77.8 (0.29) 87.4 (0.75) 12.6 (0.08) 87.4 (0.08) 28.7 (0.11) 18.7 (0.10) 10.0 (0.07) 9.6 (0.23) 90.4 (0.23) 32.4 (0.39) 20.9 (0.32) 11.5 (0.24)

New Jersey ................. 76.3 (0.14) 85.9 (0.32) 17.9 (0.04) 82.1 (0.04) 29.8 (0.05) 18.8 (0.04) 11.0 (0.04) 13.2 (0.11) 86.8 (0.11) 33.9 (0.14) 21.2 (0.12) 12.7 (0.09)

New Mexico ................ 70.5 (0.24) 77.2 (0.71) 21.1 (0.09) 78.9 (0.09) 23.5 (0.09) 13.7 (0.07) 9.8 (0.06) 17.7 (0.26) 82.3 (0.26) 24.8 (0.26) 14.2 (0.20) 10.5 (0.17)

New York..................... 76.1 (0.09) 84.3 (0.21) 20.9 (0.03) 79.1 (0.03) 27.4 (0.04) 15.6 (0.03) 11.8 (0.03) 15.9 (0.08) 84.1 (0.08) 31.6 (0.11) 18.0 (0.09) 13.6 (0.08)

North Carolina ............ 74.2 (0.11) 82.4 (0.33) 21.9 (0.04) 78.1 (0.04) 22.5 (0.04) 15.3 (0.04) 7.2 (0.03) 17.1 (0.11) 82.9 (0.11) 25.7 (0.12) 17.1 (0.10) 8.5 (0.08)

North Dakota .............. 84.4 (0.24) 90.9 (0.82) 16.1 (0.10) 83.9 (0.10) 22.0 (0.12) 16.5 (0.10) 5.5 (0.06) 10.9 (0.38) 89.1 (0.38) 26.1 (0.62) 19.7 (0.55) 6.4 (0.29)

Ohio ............................ 76.8 (0.09) 84.1 (0.28) 17.0 (0.03) 83.0 (0.03) 21.1 (0.03) 13.7 (0.03) 7.4 (0.02) 13.0 (0.09) 87.0 (0.09) 23.8 (0.10) 15.2 (0.09) 8.7 (0.06)

Oklahoma ................... 74.8 (0.16) 81.3 (0.57) 19.4 (0.06) 80.6 (0.06) 20.3 (0.06) 13.5 (0.05) 6.8 (0.04) 15.2 (0.19) 84.8 (0.19) 22.4 (0.20) 15.0 (0.18) 7.4 (0.10)

Oregon........................ 74.2 (0.17) 82.8 (0.48) 14.9 (0.05) 85.1 (0.05) 25.1 (0.06) 16.4 (0.06) 8.7 (0.04) 11.9 (0.14) 88.1 (0.14) 27.9 (0.19) 17.8 (0.15) 10.1 (0.12)

Pennsylvania............... 79.8 (0.09) 86.1 (0.28) 18.1 (0.03) 81.9 (0.03) 22.4 (0.03) 14.0 (0.03) 8.4 (0.02) 13.2 (0.09) 86.8 (0.09) 25.9 (0.12) 16.0 (0.09) 9.8 (0.07)

Rhode Island .............. 81.3 (0.32) 88.5 (0.60) 22.0 (0.13) 78.0 (0.13) 25.6 (0.14) 15.9 (0.12) 9.7 (0.10) 17.0 (0.33) 83.0 (0.33) 29.7 (0.37) 18.3 (0.34) 11.3 (0.24)

South Carolina............ 74.3 (0.18) 81.3 (0.43) 23.7 (0.07) 76.3 (0.07) 20.4 (0.07) 13.5 (0.06) 6.9 (0.04) 17.7 (0.19) 82.3 (0.19) 23.4 (0.15) 15.2 (0.14) 8.2 (0.10)

South Dakota.............. 78.2 (0.33) 83.7 (1.15) 15.4 (0.12) 84.6 (0.12) 21.5 (0.13) 15.5 (0.12) 6.0 (0.08) 11.4 (0.41) 88.6 (0.41) 24.3 (0.56) 17.2 (0.47) 7.1 (0.29)

Tennessee .................. 75.1 (0.16) 82.9 (0.35) 24.1 (0.06) 75.9 (0.06) 19.6 (0.06) 12.8 (0.05) 6.8 (0.03) 18.2 (0.14) 81.8 (0.14) 22.3 (0.15) 14.5 (0.10) 7.8 (0.08)

Texas .......................... 68.6 (0.08) 79.7 (0.20) 24.3 (0.03) 75.7 (0.03) 23.2 (0.03) 15.6 (0.03) 7.6 (0.02) 20.8 (0.09) 79.2 (0.09) 25.1 (0.08) 16.9 (0.07) 8.2 (0.05)

Utah ............................ 80.3 (0.16) 86.8 (0.42) 12.3 (0.07) 87.7 (0.07) 26.1 (0.09) 17.8 (0.08) 8.3 (0.06) 9.5 (0.19) 90.5 (0.19) 28.9 (0.27) 19.6 (0.21) 9.3 (0.16)

Vermont ...................... 83.0 (0.28) 90.4 (1.00) 13.6 (0.10) 86.4 (0.10) 29.4 (0.13) 18.3 (0.11) 11.1 (0.09) 9.0 (0.34) 91.0 (0.34) 33.4 (0.58) 20.6 (0.49) 12.8 (0.37)

Virginia........................ 79.4 (0.13) 86.5 (0.29) 18.5 (0.05) 81.5 (0.05) 29.5 (0.06) 17.9 (0.05) 11.6 (0.04) 14.3 (0.11) 85.7 (0.11) 33.2 (0.16) 19.7 (0.13) 13.6 (0.09)

Washington................. 75.3 (0.16) 82.1 (0.42) 12.9 (0.05) 87.1 (0.05) 27.7 (0.06) 18.4 (0.05) 9.3 (0.04) 10.6 (0.13) 89.4 (0.13) 30.5 (0.17) 19.8 (0.15) 10.7 (0.11)

West Virginia............... 78.2 (0.22) 83.6 (0.74) 24.8 (0.09) 75.2 (0.09) 14.8 (0.07) 8.9 (0.06) 5.9 (0.05) 18.6 (0.25) 81.4 (0.25) 16.9 (0.27) 10.3 (0.22) 6.6 (0.15)

Wisconsin ................... 78.9 (0.13) 86.3 (0.39) 14.9 (0.04) 85.1 (0.04) 22.4 (0.05) 15.2 (0.04) 7.2 (0.03) 11.0 (0.13) 89.0 (0.13) 25.6 (0.17) 16.9 (0.14) 8.6 (0.11)

Wyoming..................... 79.0 (0.41) 86.9 (1.04) 12.1 (0.13) 87.9 (0.13) 21.9 (0.16) 14.9 (0.14) 7.0 (0.10) 9.0 (0.40) 91.0 (0.40) 22.9 (0.52) 15.4 (0.46) 7.5 (0.30)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 12. Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by race/ethnicity and state: 2006–08State

Percent with high school completion or higher Percent with bachelor’s degree or 

Total White Black Hispanic Asian

Native

Hawaiian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska Native

Two or more

races Total White Black Hispanic Asian

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

United States . 84.6 (0.03) 89.5 (0.03) 80.2 (0.06) 60.6 (0.11) 85.5 (0.09) 85.6 (0.55) 79.1 (0.24) 87.3 (0.17) 27.4 (0.04) 30.4 (0.04) 17.2 (0.07) 12.6 (0.06) 49.7 (0.15) 

Alabama................... 80.9 (0.20) 83.3 (0.22) 75.5 (0.39) 57.5 (1.56) 84.6 (1.79) ‡ (†) 75.7 (2.42) 77.9 (1.59) 21.5 (0.17) 23.8 (0.21) 14.4 (0.33) 12.2 (1.04) 51.3 (2.17

Alaska...................... 90.7 (0.36) 94.5 (0.36) 89.4 (2.97) 75.5 (3.26) 81.8 (2.32) 77.2 (9.95) 78.9 (1.10) 88.4 (2.23) 26.4 (0.52) 31.7 (0.71) 15.6 (2.81) 15.7 (2.40) 23.2 (2.37Arizona..................... 83.6 (0.16) 92.4 (0.13) 87.3 (0.92) 59.7 (0.51) 87.8 (0.84) 89.1 (2.96) 72.2 (0.89) 89.1 (0.99) 25.4 (0.13) 31.1 (0.19) 23.9 (1.00) 9.5 (0.24) 51.3 (1.22Arkansas.................. 81.3 (0.23) 83.7 (0.24) 77.2 (0.69) 48.8 (1.86) 81.9 (2.19) 58.9 (13.32) 78.8 (2.95) 76.8 (2.07) 19.0 (0.22) 20.4 (0.23) 12.6 (0.54) 9.3 (0.82) 37.8 (2.94) California.................. 80.3 (0.07) 92.8 (0.06) 86.7 (0.20) 56.3 (0.16) 85.4 (0.15) 84.9 (0.96) 83.0 (0.82) 89.4 (0.38) 29.4 (0.07) 37.9 (0.09) 21.1 (0.28) 9.9 (0.08) 47.6 (0.24) Colorado .................. 88.6 (0.14) 94.2 (0.10) 86.3 (0.86) 63.5 (0.57) 85.4 (0.99) 82.3 (5.88) 82.4 (1.87) 92.9 (1.15) 35.1 (0.19) 40.5 (0.24) 21.8 (1.14) 11.5 (0.36) 47.0 (1.25) 

Connecticut.............. 88.3 (0.17) 91.5 (0.14) 81.2 (0.70) 68.1 (0.85) 89.0 (0.98) ‡ (†) 72.2 (5.24) 89.5 (1.53) 34.8 (0.21) 37.9 (0.25) 18.1 (0.66) 14.3 (0.65) 62.9 (1.48) Delaware.................. 86.5 (0.32) 89.3 (0.35) 82.5 (1.07) 57.6 (2.74) 90.1 (1.77) ‡ (†) 78.1 (5.40) 91.0 (3.74) 26.8 (0.48) 28.4 (0.56) 18.8 (1.14) 12.7 (1.72) 62.5 (2.42District of Columbia. 85.2 (0.39) 98.6 (0.29) 80.0 (0.63) 57.0 (2.50) 91.5 (1.36) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 95.1 (1.73) 46.9 (0.47) 86.7 (0.64) 20.8 (0.61) 31.8 (2.45) 74.3 (2.68Florida...................... 85.0 (0.08) 89.8 (0.09) 77.3 (0.22) 73.4 (0.24) 85.8 (0.47) 81.0 (5.58) 81.2 (1.49) 86.4 (0.68) 25.7 (0.08) 28.2 (0.10) 15.9 (0.21) 21.5 (0.21) 45.7 (0.61) Georgia.................... 82.9 (0.12) 86.7 (0.13) 80.6 (0.23) 54.4 (0.77) 85.0 (0.72) 87.6 (4.36) 80.5 (2.36) 86.2 (1.11) 26.9 (0.12) 30.7 (0.16) 18.9 (0.25) 12.8 (0.43) 49.7 (0.89Hawaii ...................... 89.5 (0.27) 95.4 (0.33) 97.8 (1.13) 88.1 (1.14) 85.8 (0.45) 84.8 (1.04) 94.7 (2.43) 91.8 (0.64) 29.0 (0.39) 41.1 (0.73) 26.8 (2.71) 16.3 (0.99) 29.5 (0.59) 

Idaho........................ 88.0 (0.28) 91.0 (0.22) 88.4 (3.37) 52.2 (1.65) 86.9 (2.52) 92.0 (4.77) 82.2 (2.73) 86.0 (2.55) 24.1 (0.31) 25.4 (0.34) 19.3 (4.34) 8.4 (0.85) 39.4 (3.24Illinois ....................... 85.6 (0.10) 90.8 (0.10) 81.0 (0.33) 59.0 (0.44) 90.7 (0.42) 99.8 (0.24) 81.5 (2.23) 87.0 (0.87) 29.5 (0.11) 32.8 (0.14) 18.5 (0.35) 11.4 (0.28) 61.6 (0.74Indiana..................... 85.8 (0.13) 87.3 (0.13) 81.5 (0.54) 60.5 (1.05) 89.4 (1.11) ‡ (†) 79.5 (3.05) 85.1 (1.19) 22.5 (0.15) 23.1 (0.16) 14.4 (0.54) 12.0 (0.65) 60.3 (1.68) 

Iowa.......................... 89.6 (0.16) 90.9 (0.16) 78.3 (1.77) 56.7 (2.26) 86.1 (1.87) ‡ (†) 85.0 (3.60) 87.7 (2.79) 24.2 (0.22) 24.3 (0.23) 16.5 (1.60) 11.2 (1.20) 54.2 (2.51) Kansas..................... 89.0 (0.19) 92.0 (0.18) 85.4 (1.10) 57.9 (1.09) 83.2 (2.11) ‡ (†) 90.8 (1.78) 86.0 (1.62) 29.2 (0.30) 30.8 (0.32) 18.5 (1.15) 12.3 (0.79) 51.0 (2.87) 

Kentucky .................. 80.5 (0.18) 80.7 (0.19) 80.6 (0.57) 64.3 (2.11) 89.7 (1.35) 83.0 (9.43) 83.5 (3.59) 77.7 (2.13) 19.9 (0.16) 20.2 (0.17) 13.9 (0.63) 14.7 (1.09) 54.4 (2.49) 

Louisiana ................. 80.1 (0.20) 84.2 (0.22) 71.9 (0.45) 70.1 (1.78) 73.9 (2.09) ‡ (†) 66.1 (2.88) 81.1 (1.58) 20.3 (0.17) 23.7 (0.23) 11.4 (0.31) 19.2 (1.11) 41.6 (2.09

Maine....................... 89.4 (0.26) 89.8 (0.25) 85.1 (4.54) 78.9 (5.06) 78.8 (4.12) ‡ (†) 75.7 (4.35) 79.5 (3.24) 25.6 (0.35) 25.8 (0.35) 16.2 (4.75) 18.6 (4.46) 37.5 (4.27Maryland.................. 87.5 (0.14) 90.5 (0.15) 85.0 (0.27) 63.5 (1.04) 89.7 (0.70) 91.2 (6.85) 86.2 (2.13) 91.2 (1.13) 35.3 (0.18) 39.3 (0.22) 24.3 (0.33) 20.7 (0.66) 61.0 (0.99) 

Massachusetts ........ 88.4 (0.11) 91.0 (0.11) 82.2 (0.54) 65.3 (0.65) 83.1 (0.56) ‡ (†) 84.5 (2.79) 85.7 (1.20) 37.7 (0.17) 39.6 (0.19) 22.3 (0.76) 15.4 (0.62) 57.4 (0.79) Michigan .................. 87.7 (0.11) 89.6 (0.11) 80.8 (0.38) 65.7 (1.09) 88.4 (0.88) 93.7 (4.57) 83.7 (1.46) 84.1 (1.12) 24.8 (0.15) 25.8 (0.16) 14.4 (0.34) 15.1 (0.65) 62.3 (1.17) 

Minnesota................ 91.1 (0.13) 93.1 (0.09) 80.5 (1.30) 60.3 (1.73) 79.0 (1.38) ‡ (†) 80.6 (1.92) 88.5 (1.27) 31.0 (0.19) 31.9 (0.19) 19.8 (1.19) 15.5 (1.04) 40.9 (1.63) Mississippi ............... 78.9 (0.23) 83.5 (0.25) 71.0 (0.41) 59.1 (2.04) 77.2 (3.43) ‡ (†) 70.8 (3.75) 84.1 (2.22) 19.1 (0.23) 22.6 (0.29) 12.1 (0.32) 11.8 (1.14) 43.0 (3.11Missouri ................... 85.7 (0.15) 86.9 (0.14) 80.0 (0.52) 66.6 (1.35) 83.9 (1.26) 79.5 (8.91) 79.0 (2.23) 82.6 (1.22) 24.6 (0.17) 25.6 (0.16) 15.0 (0.42) 17.3 (0.94) 53.0 (1.77Montana................... 90.6 (0.23) 91.4 (0.26) 84.8 (7.16) 85.6 (2.66) 81.9 (4.86) ‡ (†) 77.8 (1.54) 91.7 (1.91) 26.8 (0.43) 27.9 (0.44) 27.2 ! (10.87) 14.5 (2.67) 35.3 (5.73

Nebraska ................. 90.0 (0.22) 92.9 (0.19) 85.9 (1.56) 51.0 (1.79) 82.0 (3.23) ‡ (†) 78.8 (3.52) 87.5 (3.21) 27.0 (0.31) 28.4 (0.32) 17.1 (1.59) 8.3 (0.91) 46.3 (3.81) 

Nevada..................... 83.7 (0.20) 91.2 (0.19) 86.8 (0.68) 56.5 (0.71) 89.0 (0.57) 89.9 (2.17) 84.3 (1.73) 89.5 (1.47) 21.4 (0.21) 24.8 (0.27) 15.1 (0.75) 8.2 (0.31) 37.1 (0.95New Hampshire....... 90.4 (0.23) 90.6 (0.22) 88.2 (3.24) 81.6 (2.97) 92.5 (1.62) ‡ (†) 80.0 (6.38) 86.0 (3.37) 32.4 (0.39) 31.9 (0.39) 26.3 (5.40) 27.4 (3.30) 61.9 (3.54New Jersey.............. 86.8 (0.11) 90.9 (0.10) 82.7 (0.35) 69.1 (0.46) 92.2 (0.37) ‡ (†) 83.6 (3.01) 86.6 (1.38) 33.9 (0.14) 36.7 (0.17) 20.0 (0.39) 15.4 (0.33) 66.7 (0.53New Mexico............. 82.3 (0.26) 93.0 (0.27) 85.2 (2.07) 70.4 (0.45) 86.5 (2.01) ‡ (†) 73.5 (1.11) 92.0 (1.57) 24.8 (0.26) 36.7 (0.40) 24.6 (2.43) 12.4 (0.41) 45.8 (2.74New York.................. 84.1 (0.08) 90.3 (0.08) 79.6 (0.26) 64.1 (0.32) 78.7 (0.35) 86.6 (5.09) 82.8 (1.48) 86.1 (0.65) 31.6 (0.11) 36.6 (0.14) 19.7 (0.24) 15.0 (0.21) 45.1 (0.41) 

North Carolina......... 82.9 (0.11) 86.5 (0.11) 79.2 (0.25) 50.9 (0.91) 85.1 (0.91) 85.8 (8.95) 67.4 (1.38) 84.9 (1.09) 25.7 (0.12) 28.9 (0.13) 16.1 (0.27) 12.0 (0.50) 52.2 (1.09North Dakota ........... 89.1 (0.38) 89.5 (0.37) 89.5 (9.03) 73.7 (6.30) 79.6 (6.64) ‡ (†) 84.3 (1.92) 94.1 (2.66) 26.1 (0.62) 26.6 (0.61) 10.7 ! (6.45) 10.7 ! (4.78) 45.3 (8.58

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. !Interpret data with caution. ‡Reporting standards not met. NOTE: Estimates are 3-year averages of 2006–08 data. Use of a 3-year avera

the size of sampling errors and producing more stable estimates. Race catStandard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 2006–2008 AmeUse Microdata Sample (PUMS) data. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Ohio.......................... 87.0 (0.09) 88.3 (0.09) 80.1 (0.38) 69.9 (0.99) 89.6 (0.76) ‡ (†) 79.7 (1.98) 85.8 (0.87) 23.8 (0.10) 24.5 (0.11) 14.2 (0.32) 17.5 (0.70) 62.6 (1.22Oklahoma................ 84.8 (0.19) 87.3 (0.19) 83.6 (0.89) 55.0 (1.35) 82.8 (1.82) 90.1 (6.46) 81.5 (0.77) 84.8 (0.67) 22.4 (0.20) 24.2 (0.24) 15.9 (0.86) 10.3 (0.75) 41.2 (2.30Oregon..................... 88.1 (0.14) 91.5 (0.14) 86.5 (1.26) 52.9 (1.11) 86.2 (0.95) 86.2 (3.84) 84.5 (1.56) 87.5 (1.16) 27.9 (0.19) 29.2 (0.22) 18.3 (1.48) 10.4 (0.53) 45.4 (1.49Pennsylvania............ 86.8 (0.09) 88.5 (0.09) 80.6 (0.36) 64.0 (0.90) 84.0 (0.62) 77.8 (9.48) 82.6 (2.63) 84.2 (1.26) 25.9 (0.12) 26.9 (0.13) 14.2 (0.33) 12.7 (0.47) 54.0 (0.95Rhode Island ........... 83.0 (0.33) 86.1 (0.31) 77.8 (2.09) 58.6 (1.51) 78.2 (2.61) ‡ (†) 72.9 (7.64) 86.3 (2.77) 29.7 (0.37) 31.7 (0.41) 18.7 (1.77) 13.7 (1.22) 47.1 (2.76

South Carolina......... 82.3 (0.19) 86.1 (0.19) 74.8 (0.35) 58.1 (1.39) 84.8 (1.47) 86.6 (5.84) 74.0 (3.45) 85.5 (1.71) 23.4 (0.15) 27.7 (0.18) 12.3 (0.27) 11.9 (0.69) 47.4 (2.10

South Dakota........... 88.6 (0.41) 89.7 (0.35) 93.4 (5.28) 64.8 (6.01) 96.1 (2.25) ‡ (†) 78.5 (1.82) 87.3 (4.47) 24.3 (0.56) 25.5 (0.60) 18.6 ! (6.06) 14.2 (3.15) 47.8 (9.42) Tennessee ............... 81.8 (0.14) 83.3 (0.15) 78.6 (0.37) 54.3 (1.33) 87.1 (1.12) ‡ (†) 76.7 (2.48) 79.9 (1.59) 22.3 (0.15) 23.5 (0.15) 15.1 (0.39) 11.4 (0.64) 52.3 (1.95Texas........................ 79.2 (0.09) 90.8 (0.06) 83.2 (0.19) 56.6 (0.22) 86.7 (0.37) 91.9 (3.18) 87.6 (0.99) 89.1 (0.71) 25.1 (0.08) 33.0 (0.10) 18.2 (0.22) 10.7 (0.11) 53.2 (0.60) Utah.......................... 90.5 (0.19) 93.9 (0.16) 88.1 (2.40) 63.3 (1.30) 87.9 (1.53) 91.7 (2.45) 79.0 (2.15) 91.0 (2.10) 28.9 (0.27) 30.9 (0.27) 29.4 (3.69) 11.6 (0.67) 45.3 (2.54Vermont ................... 91.0 (0.34) 91.1 (0.35) 89.3 (9.29) 93.8 (2.04) 85.3 (4.26) ‡ (†) 67.7 (7.62) 87.5 (3.53) 33.4 (0.58) 33.4 (0.59) 42.9 (11.02) 32.5 (5.26) 50.9 (6.55) Virginia..................... 85.7 (0.11) 88.7 (0.10) 78.7 (0.30) 66.7 (0.82) 88.6 (0.51) 89.6 (4.68) 79.0 (2.40) 90.3 (1.08) 33.2 (0.16) 36.4 (0.18) 17.7 (0.29) 23.0 (0.77) 56.0 (0.77) Washington.............. 89.4 (0.13) 92.7 (0.12) 86.6 (0.80) 57.9 (0.85) 84.8 (0.55) 80.8 (2.00) 82.1 (1.14) 90.8 (0.78) 30.5 (0.17) 31.9 (0.18) 19.6 (0.68) 11.5 (0.51) 43.8 (0.83West Virginia............ 81.4 (0.25) 81.3 (0.26) 84.7 (1.21) 75.3 (3.46) 93.2 (2.21) ‡ (†) 82.4 (4.22) 79.3 (3.12) 16.9 (0.27) 16.7 (0.27) 14.8 (1.38) 21.0 (3.06) 61.4 (4.75Wisconsin ................ 89.0 (0.13) 91.0 (0.13) 77.2 (0.93) 62.9 (1.30) 79.8 (1.35) ‡ (†) 83.1 (1.97) 86.7 (2.06) 25.6 (0.17) 26.6 (0.19) 12.5 (0.66) 12.7 (0.79) 47.1 (1.90Wyoming.................. 91.0 (0.40) 92.4 (0.36) 91.0 (4.74) 71.2 (2.61) 84.0 (6.31) ‡ (†) 87.5 (3.13) 89.9 (2.87) 22.9 (0.52) 24.2 (0.57) 9.9 ! (4.78) 8.2 (1.52) 45.1 (9.45Table 12. Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by race/ethnicity and state: 2006–08—ContinuedState

Percent with high school completion or higher Percent with bachelor’s degree or 

Total White Black Hispanic Asian

Native

Hawaiian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska Native

Two or more

races Total White Black Hispanic Asian

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 
32 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Educational Attainment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Estimates are 3-year averages of 2006–08 data. Use of a 3-year average increases the

sample size, thereby reducing the size of sampling errors and producing more stable estimates.

Standard errors appear in parentheses. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 2006–2008 American Community

Survey (ACS) 3-Year Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data. (This table was prepared

June 2010.)

Table 13. Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over, by sex and state: 2006–08

State

Number of persons 25 years 

old and over (in thousands) Percent with high school completion or higher Percent with bachelor’s or higher degree

Total Males Females Total Male Female Total Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

United States ... 197,783 (49.5) 95,359 (29.8) 102,424 (28.6) 84.6 (0.03) 83.9 (0.03) 85.1 (0.03) 27.4 (0.04) 28.2 (0.04) 26.7 (0.04)

Alabama..................... 3,055 (4.7) 1,440 (3.0) 1,615 (3.3) 80.9 (0.20) 80.0 (0.28) 81.6 (0.21) 21.5 (0.17) 22.2 (0.22) 20.9 (0.21)

Alaska........................ 423 (2.5) 217 (1.9) 206 (1.5) 90.7 (0.36) 90.1 (0.50) 91.4 (0.50) 26.4 (0.52) 24.7 (0.68) 28.2 (0.70)

Arizona....................... 4,090 (5.3) 2,013 (3.3) 2,078 (3.2) 83.6 (0.16) 82.8 (0.22) 84.4 (0.18) 25.4 (0.13) 26.4 (0.16) 24.5 (0.19)

Arkansas.................... 1,866 (4.6) 893 (2.7) 973 (3.0) 81.3 (0.23) 80.3 (0.36) 82.2 (0.26) 19.0 (0.22) 19.3 (0.28) 18.7 (0.27)

California.................... 23,223 (9.3) 11,424 (5.9) 11,799 (7.2) 80.3 (0.07) 79.9 (0.09) 80.7 (0.07) 29.4 (0.07) 30.4 (0.08) 28.5 (0.08)

Colorado .................... 3,189 (4.6) 1,586 (3.1) 1,604 (3.1) 88.6 (0.14) 87.9 (0.20) 89.3 (0.15) 35.1 (0.19) 35.8 (0.25) 34.3 (0.24)

Connecticut................ 2,355 (3.3) 1,118 (2.3) 1,237 (2.2) 88.3 (0.17) 88.1 (0.23) 88.5 (0.19) 34.8 (0.21) 36.0 (0.28) 33.6 (0.28)

Delaware.................... 572 (2.3) 271 (1.4) 301 (1.5) 86.5 (0.32) 85.6 (0.44) 87.3 (0.42) 26.8 (0.48) 27.3 (0.65) 26.3 (0.52)

District of Columbia... 401 (1.3) 186 (0.9) 215 (0.8) 85.2 (0.39) 85.0 (0.61) 85.4 (0.50) 46.9 (0.47) 48.5 (0.64) 45.6 (0.63)

Florida........................ 12,575 (5.8) 6,046 (4.5) 6,529 (3.5) 85.0 (0.08) 84.1 (0.11) 85.8 (0.09) 25.7 (0.08) 27.1 (0.12) 24.3 (0.10)

Georgia...................... 6,070 (5.4) 2,907 (3.9) 3,163 (3.4) 82.9 (0.12) 81.7 (0.18) 84.1 (0.13) 26.9 (0.12) 27.2 (0.14) 26.5 (0.15)

Hawaii ........................ 869 (2.2) 428 (1.5) 440 (1.4) 89.5 (0.27) 90.3 (0.35) 88.7 (0.33) 29.0 (0.39) 28.8 (0.48) 29.3 (0.48)

Idaho.......................... 939 (2.7) 466 (1.8) 473 (1.7) 88.0 (0.28) 87.5 (0.36) 88.5 (0.33) 24.1 (0.31) 25.6 (0.43) 22.7 (0.36)

Illinois ......................... 8,340 (8.2) 4,017 (5.9) 4,323 (4.7) 85.6 (0.10) 85.1 (0.14) 86.0 (0.12) 29.5 (0.11) 30.3 (0.15) 28.8 (0.13)

Indiana....................... 4,145 (5.4) 1,998 (3.5) 2,147 (3.8) 85.8 (0.13) 85.2 (0.18) 86.4 (0.16) 22.5 (0.15) 23.2 (0.18) 21.8 (0.18)

Iowa............................ 1,967 (4.7) 950 (3.4) 1,017 (2.9) 89.6 (0.16) 88.9 (0.24) 90.2 (0.18) 24.2 (0.22) 24.4 (0.33) 24.0 (0.25)

Kansas....................... 1,795 (3.9) 873 (2.7) 922 (2.5) 89.0 (0.19) 88.5 (0.28) 89.5 (0.22) 29.2 (0.30) 30.1 (0.38) 28.3 (0.34)

Kentucky .................... 2,840 (4.3) 1,356 (3.2) 1,483 (2.6) 80.5 (0.18) 79.3 (0.25) 81.6 (0.24) 19.9 (0.16) 20.1 (0.20) 19.8 (0.20)

Louisiana ................... 2,753 (4.6) 1,306 (3.6) 1,448 (2.9) 80.1 (0.20) 78.7 (0.30) 81.3 (0.21) 20.3 (0.17) 20.1 (0.23) 20.5 (0.22)

Maine......................... 926 (3.1) 440 (1.9) 486 (2.1) 89.4 (0.26) 88.2 (0.33) 90.5 (0.33) 25.6 (0.35) 24.7 (0.46) 26.5 (0.39)

Maryland.................... 3,725 (4.2) 1,753 (2.5) 1,972 (3.2) 87.5 (0.14) 86.7 (0.19) 88.3 (0.15) 35.3 (0.18) 36.1 (0.24) 34.5 (0.21)

Massachusetts .......... 4,371 (4.1) 2,071 (2.9) 2,300 (3.0) 88.4 (0.11) 87.8 (0.15) 88.9 (0.14) 37.7 (0.17) 38.5 (0.21) 37.0 (0.21)

Michigan .................... 6,641 (8.7) 3,206 (5.6) 3,435 (5.3) 87.7 (0.11) 86.9 (0.14) 88.4 (0.13) 24.8 (0.15) 25.6 (0.19) 24.0 (0.17)

Minnesota.................. 3,425 (6.6) 1,683 (4.2) 1,742 (4.8) 91.1 (0.13) 90.6 (0.18) 91.5 (0.14) 31.0 (0.19) 31.5 (0.28) 30.4 (0.20)

Mississippi ................. 1,842 (3.2) 862 (2.3) 980 (2.2) 78.9 (0.23) 77.7 (0.29) 80.0 (0.29) 19.1 (0.23) 18.8 (0.26) 19.4 (0.29)

Missouri ..................... 3,887 (5.6) 1,851 (3.8) 2,036 (3.6) 85.7 (0.15) 85.4 (0.22) 85.9 (0.16) 24.6 (0.17) 25.2 (0.21) 24.1 (0.19)

Montana..................... 637 (3.4) 313 (2.2) 325 (2.0) 90.6 (0.23) 89.9 (0.37) 91.4 (0.29) 26.8 (0.43) 27.0 (0.62) 26.7 (0.52)

Nebraska ................... 1,134 (4.2) 549 (2.5) 585 (2.9) 90.0 (0.22) 89.4 (0.32) 90.5 (0.25) 27.0 (0.31) 27.4 (0.38) 26.7 (0.40)

Nevada....................... 1,680 (3.2) 848 (2.0) 832 (2.0) 83.7 (0.20) 83.3 (0.28) 84.2 (0.25) 21.4 (0.21) 22.4 (0.30) 20.5 (0.28)

New Hampshire......... 895 (2.6) 432 (1.6) 462 (1.8) 90.4 (0.23) 89.3 (0.34) 91.4 (0.29) 32.4 (0.39) 33.4 (0.51) 31.4 (0.46)

New Jersey................ 5,834 (4.9) 2,785 (3.0) 3,049 (3.5) 86.8 (0.11) 86.5 (0.15) 87.1 (0.13) 33.9 (0.14) 35.5 (0.16) 32.4 (0.18)

New Mexico............... 1,256 (3.7) 606 (2.4) 650 (2.4) 82.3 (0.26) 81.6 (0.36) 82.9 (0.31) 24.8 (0.26) 25.3 (0.37) 24.3 (0.31)

New York.................... 12,987 (8.4) 6,140 (6.3) 6,848 (5.5) 84.1 (0.08) 83.9 (0.12) 84.2 (0.09) 31.6 (0.11) 32.1 (0.13) 31.2 (0.13)

North Carolina........... 5,961 (5.0) 2,834 (3.5) 3,126 (3.4) 82.9 (0.11) 81.3 (0.15) 84.4 (0.14) 25.7 (0.12) 25.8 (0.16) 25.5 (0.15)

North Dakota ............. 413 (2.4) 204 (1.5) 209 (1.6) 89.1 (0.38) 88.4 (0.52) 89.7 (0.42) 26.1 (0.62) 26.2 (0.77) 26.1 (0.68)

Ohio............................ 7,639 (6.5) 3,638 (4.8) 4,001 (3.6) 87.0 (0.09) 86.7 (0.12) 87.3 (0.11) 23.8 (0.10) 24.9 (0.13) 22.9 (0.13)

Oklahoma.................. 2,337 (4.8) 1,126 (2.7) 1,211 (3.3) 84.8 (0.19) 84.3 (0.25) 85.2 (0.22) 22.4 (0.20) 23.1 (0.27) 21.7 (0.25)

Oregon....................... 2,537 (3.8) 1,240 (2.7) 1,297 (2.2) 88.1 (0.14) 87.3 (0.21) 88.9 (0.17) 27.9 (0.19) 28.9 (0.27) 27.0 (0.22)

Pennsylvania.............. 8,430 (7.3) 4,001 (4.9) 4,429 (5.4) 86.8 (0.09) 86.8 (0.12) 86.8 (0.11) 25.9 (0.12) 27.1 (0.13) 24.8 (0.16)

Rhode Island ............. 708 (2.0) 334 (1.3) 373 (1.3) 83.0 (0.33) 82.0 (0.46) 83.8 (0.42) 29.7 (0.37) 30.7 (0.49) 28.8 (0.43)

South Carolina........... 2,908 (3.6) 1,372 (2.6) 1,536 (2.5) 82.3 (0.19) 81.1 (0.26) 83.4 (0.21) 23.4 (0.15) 24.0 (0.21) 23.0 (0.21)

South Dakota............. 518 (3.0) 252 (2.2) 266 (1.8) 88.6 (0.41) 87.8 (0.55) 89.3 (0.46) 24.3 (0.56) 24.1 (0.70) 24.5 (0.68)

Tennessee ................. 4,130 (4.7) 1,965 (3.0) 2,165 (2.9) 81.8 (0.14) 81.0 (0.20) 82.6 (0.16) 22.3 (0.15) 23.0 (0.21) 21.6 (0.17)

Texas.......................... 14,816 (8.1) 7,248 (5.5) 7,568 (5.6) 79.2 (0.09) 78.5 (0.11) 79.8 (0.10) 25.1 (0.08) 26.0 (0.11) 24.3 (0.10)

Utah............................ 1,506 (4.0) 744 (2.8) 762 (2.5) 90.5 (0.19) 90.0 (0.28) 90.9 (0.20) 28.9 (0.27) 32.0 (0.38) 25.9 (0.34)

Vermont ..................... 427 (2.3) 206 (1.5) 221 (1.5) 91.0 (0.34) 89.7 (0.45) 92.2 (0.48) 33.4 (0.58) 32.1 (0.74) 34.7 (0.69)

Virginia....................... 5,110 (4.7) 2,446 (3.2) 2,664 (3.1) 85.7 (0.11) 84.8 (0.16) 86.4 (0.13) 33.2 (0.16) 34.1 (0.18) 32.4 (0.19)

Washington................ 4,311 (4.5) 2,117 (3.5) 2,194 (3.6) 89.4 (0.13) 89.0 (0.17) 89.7 (0.15) 30.5 (0.17) 31.8 (0.22) 29.1 (0.19)

West Virginia.............. 1,261 (3.0) 605 (2.1) 656 (1.9) 81.4 (0.25) 80.0 (0.35) 82.6 (0.30) 16.9 (0.27) 17.0 (0.31) 16.8 (0.33)

Wisconsin .................. 3,725 (7.6) 1,826 (4.6) 1,899 (5.1) 89.0 (0.13) 88.3 (0.18) 89.8 (0.18) 25.6 (0.17) 25.6 (0.22) 25.5 (0.22)

Wyoming.................... 342 (1.9) 170 (1.4) 172 (1.0) 91.0 (0.40) 90.5 (0.58) 91.4 (0.50) 22.9 (0.52) 23.2 (0.69) 22.5 (0.68)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Information on metropolitan status was suppressed for a small portion of sample observations. As a result, population estimates for these areas may be slightly underestimated.NOTE: CSA = Combined Statistical Area; CBSA = Core Based Statistical Area. Detail may not sum to totals because of

rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populatiprepared October 2010.)

Table 14. Educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over for metropolitan areas with more than 1 million persons, by sex: 2010Metropolitan area

Number of persons 25 years old and over (in thousands) Percent with high school completion or higher P

Total Males Females Total Male Female 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA CBSA.................................................................. 3,449 (64.0) 1,661 (44.6) 1,787 (46.3) 89.2 (0.58) 88.8 (0.85) 89.6 (0.79) 38.5 

Austin-Round Rock, TX CBSA ..................................................................................... 1,109 (36.5) 568 (26.2) 540 (25.5) 88.2 (1.06) 88.8 (1.45) 87.6 (1.56) 46.6 

Birmingham-Hoover, AL CBSA..................................................................................... 867 (32.3) 392 (21.7) 475 (23.9) 85.1 (1.33) 81.6 (2.15) 88.1 (1.63) 23.5 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH-CT-ME CSA1.................................................. 3,751 (66.7) 1,810 (46.5) 1,941 (48.2) 91.5 (0.50) 90.0 (0.77) 92.8 (0.64) 43.1 

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY CBSA................................................................................... 775 (30.5) 371 (21.1) 404 (22.0) 92.2 (1.06) 92.3 (1.52) 92.1 (1.47) 30.5 

Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC CBSA ................................................................ 1,252 (38.8) 629 (27.5) 624 (27.4) 85.7 (1.09) 83.5 (1.63) 88.0 (1.43) 32.1 

Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA ......................................................... 6,129 (84.9) 2,995 (59.7) 3,134 (61.1) 88.8 (0.44) 88.8 (0.63) 88.9 (0.62) 36.4 

Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN CBSA1 ..................................................................... 1,290 (39.3) 615 (27.2) 675 (28.5) 89.3 (0.95) 89.0 (1.39) 89.6 (1.29) 28.1 

Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH CSA ................................................................................. 1,962 (48.4) 947 (33.7) 1,015 (34.9) 89.2 (0.77) 87.8 (1.17) 90.4 (1.01) 27.0 

Columbus, OH CSA...................................................................................................... 1,142 (37.0) 556 (25.9) 585 (26.5) 91.1 (0.93) 89.6 (1.42) 92.5 (1.19) 29.1 

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX CBSA......................................................................... 4,078 (69.5) 2,045 (49.4) 2,034 (49.3) 82.8 (0.65) 81.5 (0.94) 84.2 (0.89) 31.5 

Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO CSA ................................................................................. 1,967 (48.5) 978 (34.3) 989 (34.5) 90.7 (0.72) 91.3 (0.99) 90.2 (1.04) 47.5 

Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA........................................................................................ 3,591 (65.3) 1,731 (45.5) 1,859 (47.2) 90.2 (0.55) 89.5 (0.81) 90.8 (0.73) 32.5 

Fresno-Madera, CA CSA.............................................................................................. 688 (28.8) 363 (20.9) 324 (19.8) 75.1 (1.81) 72.9 (2.56) 77.5 (2.54) 22.5 

Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI CSA .................................................................. 883 (32.6) 428 (22.7) 455 (23.4) 92.5 (0.97) 91.3 (1.49) 93.6 (1.26) 26.6 

Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA ...................................................... 925 (33.3) 457 (23.5) 467 (23.7) 87.2 (1.20) 85.3 (1.82) 89.2 (1.58) 29.1 

Hartford-West Hartford, CT CBSA................................................................................ 798 (31.0) 381 (21.4) 417 (22.4) 91.0 (1.12) 89.6 (1.72) 92.2 (1.44) 41.7 Houston-Baytown-Sugarland, TX CBSA ...................................................................... 3,644 (65.8) 1,776 (46.1) 1,868 (47.3) 79.8 (0.73) 79.4 (1.05) 80.1 (1.02) 28.7 

Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN CSA................................................................... 1,327 (39.9) 645 (27.9) 682 (28.6) 91.4 (0.85) 92.1 (1.17) 90.7 (1.22) 28.6 

Jacksonville, FL CBSA.................................................................................................. 927 (33.4) 453 (23.4) 473 (23.9) 91.9 (0.98) 92.5 (1.36) 91.4 (1.42) 33.2 

Kansas City, MO-KS CSBA .......................................................................................... 1,279 (39.2) 615 (27.2) 664 (28.3) 89.7 (0.94) 89.0 (1.39) 90.3 (1.26) 33.7 

Las Vegas-Paradise, NV CBSA .................................................................................... 1,197 (37.9) 605 (27.0) 592 (26.7) 87.0 (1.07) 88.2 (1.44) 85.9 (1.57) 23.2 

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA .............................................................. 11,276 (113.9) 5,514 (80.6) 5,762 (82.4) 79.7 (0.42) 79.4 (0.60) 80.0 (0.58) 30.2 

Louisville, KY-IN CBSA ................................................................................................. 791 (30.8) 406 (22.1) 385 (21.5) 83.7 (1.44) 84.4 (1.97) 83.0 (2.10) 25.7 

Memphis, TN-MS-AR CBSA1 ....................................................................................... 817 (31.3) 358 (20.8) 459 (23.5) 86.6 (1.31) 83.4 (2.16) 89.1 (1.59) 31.6 

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL CBSA .......................................................... 4,003 (68.9) 1,895 (47.6) 2,109 (50.2) 86.8 (0.59) 88.0 (0.82) 85.7 (0.84) 31.4 

Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI CSA........................................................................ 1,201 (38.0) 579 (26.4) 621 (27.3) 86.8 (1.07) 85.5 (1.61) 88.0 (1.43) 30.9 

Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA1 .............................................................. 2,142 (50.6) 1,031 (35.2) 1,111 (36.5) 92.7 (0.62) 91.6 (0.95) 93.6 (0.80) 37.6 

Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN CBSA .............................................................. 1,070 (35.8) 518 (25.0) 552 (25.8) 86.7 (1.14) 83.7 (1.78) 89.5 (1.43) 34.3 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA CBSA ..................................................................... 739 (29.8) 336 (20.1) 402 (22.0) 89.9 (1.21) 89.7 (1.82) 90.2 (1.63) 33.7 

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-PA CSA................................................................................ 14,266 (127.2) 6,703 (88.6) 7,563 (94.0) 87.1 (0.31) 87.7 (0.44) 86.7 (0.43) 37.5 Oklahoma City, OK CBSA ............................................................................................ 837 (31.7) 381 (21.4) 457 (23.4) 88.0 (1.24) 87.6 (1.86) 88.2 (1.65) 29.0 

Orlando, FL CBSA........................................................................................................ 1,383 (40.7) 657 (28.1) 726 (29.5) 85.3 (1.05) 83.8 (1.58) 86.7 (1.38) 28.7 

Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA................................................... 3,797 (67.1) 1,756 (45.9) 2,041 (49.4) 89.6 (0.54) 89.6 (0.80) 89.6 (0.74) 33.5 

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ CBSA ........................................................................... 2,681 (56.5) 1,368 (40.5) 1,313 (39.7) 86.5 (0.73) 85.8 (1.04) 87.2 (1.01) 31.4 

Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA CBSA ................................................................................. 1,671 (44.7) 774 (30.5) 897 (32.8) 92.6 (0.70) 94.0 (0.94) 91.4 (1.03) 28.8 

Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA CBSA............................................................ 1,495 (42.3) 714 (29.3) 781 (30.6) 91.8 (0.78) 89.7 (1.25) 93.7 (0.95) 36.5 

Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA CBSA .............................................................. 888 (32.7) 421 (22.5) 467 (23.7) 85.5 (1.30) 86.1 (1.85) 84.9 (1.82) 31.2 

Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC CSA ................................................................................... 1,130 (36.8) 529 (25.2) 600 (26.9) 88.9 (1.03) 87.0 (1.61) 90.5 (1.31) 37.8 

Richmond, VA CBSA .................................................................................................... 938 (33.6) 436 (22.9) 502 (24.6) 87.9 (1.17) 86.8 (1.78) 88.9 (1.54) 34.0 

Rochester, NY CBSA.................................................................................................... 679 (28.6) 323 (19.7) 357 (20.7) 91.0 (1.21) 89.8 (1.85) 92.0 (1.58) 27.9 

Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville, CA CBSA........................................................ 1,394 (40.9) 665 (28.3) 729 (29.6) 87.3 (0.98) 87.2 (1.42) 87.4 (1.35) 31.8 

Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield, UT CSA.................................................................... 989 (34.5) 498 (24.5) 492 (24.3) 91.6 (0.97) 91.9 (1.34) 91.3 (1.39) 32.0 

San Antonio, TX CBSA................................................................................................. 1,353 (40.3) 656 (28.1) 697 (29.0) 80.5 (1.18) 79.4 (1.73) 81.5 (1.62) 25.1 

San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA CBSA ............................................................... 1,881 (47.4) 911 (33.1) 970 (34.1) 88.4 (0.81) 89.3 (1.12) 87.4 (1.17) 34.6 

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA................................................................. 5,298 (79.1) 2,656 (56.3) 2,642 (56.1) 88.9 (0.47) 88.7 (0.67) 89.1 (0.66) 46.1 

Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA .............................................................................. 2,779 (57.6) 1,369 (40.5) 1,411 (41.1) 94.2 (0.49) 93.6 (0.73) 94.7 (0.65) 39.8 

St. Louis, MO-IL CBSA................................................................................................. 1,881 (47.4) 912 (33.1) 969 (34.1) 90.2 (0.75) 89.1 (1.13) 91.2 (1.00) 28.0 

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL CBSA................................................................ 1,909 (47.8) 891 (32.7) 1,019 (35.0) 88.2 (0.81) 89.3 (1.14) 87.3 (1.15) 27.9 

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC CBSA1................................................. 1,032 (35.2) 492 (24.3) 540 (25.5) 92.8 (0.88) 93.8 (1.20) 91.9 (1.29) 29.7 

Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV CSA1.................................. 5,374 (79.6) 2,557 (55.2) 2,818 (58.0) 91.7 (0.41) 91.0 (0.62) 92.4 (0.55) 47.2 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Computer and Internet Use Table 15. Use of the Internet by persons 3 years old and over, by type of use and selected characteristics of students and other users: 2003Selected characteristic

Number of

persons using

the Internet

(in thousands)

Percent using

the Internet

anywhere

Percent using

the Internet

at school

Percent of internet users using the Internet for various activities during the year1

School

assignments

E-mail and

messaging Playing games Online courses

Product

purchases and

information

News, weather,

and sports

Health

information2

G

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 

Total, all persons...... 161,636 (309.1) 58.7 (0.14) — (†) — (†) 82.1 (0.15) 42.2 (0.19) 5.6 (0.09) 71.2 (0.17) 60.6 (0.19) 39.3 (0.20) 44

Sex

Male ............................... 78,070 (343.4) 58.2 (0.21) — (†) — (†) 80.4 (0.22) 45.5 (0.27) 5.4 (0.12) 71.8 (0.25) 65.5 (0.26) 34.1 (0.28) 45

Female........................... 83,567 (348.1) 59.2 (0.20) — (†) — (†) 83.7 (0.20) 39.2 (0.26) 5.7 (0.12) 70.6 (0.24) 55.9 (0.26) 44.1 (0.28) 44

Race/ethnicity

White.............................. 122,243 (353.9) 65.1 (0.17) — (†) — (†) 84.8 (0.16) 41.4 (0.22) 5.5 (0.10) 74.4 (0.19) 62.9 (0.21) 41.1 (0.23) 45

Black .............................. 14,898 (131.5) 45.2 (0.45) — (†) — (†) 71.1 (0.61) 50.2 (0.67) 5.6 (0.31) 59.7 (0.66) 50.8 (0.67) 33.6 (0.67) 4

Hispanic ......................... 14,038 (132.7) 37.2 (0.43) — (†) — (†) 69.6 (0.68) 43.0 (0.73) 5.0 (0.32) 57.2 (0.73) 50.6 (0.74) 30.1 (0.73) 36

Other.............................. 10,457 (133.9) 61.6 (0.65) — (†) — (†) 83.3 (0.64) 39.5 (0.84) 7.1 (0.44) 68.4 (0.79) 60.7 (0.83) 37.6 (0.87) 45

Age

3 and 4........................... 1,662 (62.5) 19.9 (0.67) — (†) — (†) 26.5 (1.67) 64.6 (1.81) 0.6 (0.29) 15.4 (1.36) 11.3 (1.19) — (†) 

5 to 9.............................. 8,259 (137.2) 42.0 (0.54) — (†) — (†) 33.5 (0.80) 64.8 (0.81) 1.0 (0.17) 17.3 (0.64) 16.6 (0.63) — (†) 

10 to 14.......................... 14,570 (179.4) 68.9 (0.49) — (†) — (†) 62.4 (0.62) 66.1 (0.60) 1.1 (0.13) 34.4 (0.61) 35.7 (0.61) 6.2 (0.38) 

15 to 19.......................... 15,768 (186.1) 77.7 (0.45) — (†) — (†) 84.0 (0.45) 61.1 (0.60) 5.0 (0.27) 61.3 (0.60) 55.4 (0.61) 13.2 (0.42) 19

20 to 24.......................... 13,800 (174.9) 69.4 (0.50) — (†) — (†) 87.1 (0.44) 51.9 (0.65) 8.8 (0.37) 76.4 (0.56) 65.6 (0.62) 28.4 (0.59) 3625 to 29.......................... 12,492 (167.0) 66.7 (0.53) — (†) — (†) 88.7 (0.44) 42.2 (0.68) 8.0 (0.37) 83.1 (0.52) 71.0 (0.62) 44.7 (0.68) 5030 to 39.......................... 28,580 (242.3) 69.2 (0.35) — (†) — (†) 88.6 (0.29) 35.9 (0.44) 7.1 (0.23) 83.6 (0.34) 70.9 (0.41) 45.0 (0.45) 4940 to 49.......................... 29,978 (247.3) 67.5 (0.34) — (†) — (†) 88.3 (0.29) 33.1 (0.42) 6.3 (0.22) 83.4 (0.33) 70.1 (0.41) 48.0 (0.44) 5050 to 59.......................... 21,911 (215.9) 62.7 (0.40) — (†) — (†) 89.3 (0.32) 26.9 (0.46) 5.9 (0.24) 82.1 (0.40) 66.4 (0.49) 50.5 (0.52) 5

60 to 69.......................... 9,677 (148.0) 43.9 (0.51) — (†) — (†) 87.5 (0.52) 27.7 (0.70) 3.7 (0.30) 77.8 (0.65) 60.2 (0.77) 49.3 (0.78) 45

70 or older...................... 4,940 (106.9) 20.1 (0.39) — (†) — (†) 86.7 (0.74) 27.9 (0.98) 2.9 (0.37) 67.6 (1.03) 56.8 (1.08) 47.6 (1.09) 37

Family income5

Less than $10,000 ......... 5,290 (112.1) 31.5 (0.63) — (†) — (†) 69.3 (1.11) 48.0 (1.20) 6.4 (0.59) 60.6 (1.17) 53.3 (1.20) 33.8 (1.21) 40

$10,000 to $19,999........ 8,119 (195.6) 32.5 (0.66) — (†) — (†) 70.6 (1.12) 45.0 (1.22) 5.9 (0.58) 60.4 (1.20) 51.3 (1.23) 33.4 (1.23) 39

$20,000 to $29,999........ 12,830 (243.1) 43.8 (0.64) — (†) — (†) 75.5 (0.84) 46.1 (0.97) 5.4 (0.44) 64.3 (0.94) 54.9 (0.97) 35.8 (0.99) 39

$30,000 to $39,999........ 15,730 (267.2) 54.3 (0.65) — (†) — (†) 79.4 (0.71) 44.9 (0.88) 5.1 (0.39) 67.0 (0.83) 56.1 (0.88) 36.3 (0.90) 40$40,000 to $49,999........ 13,596 (249.8) 64.8 (0.73) — (†) — (†) 80.2 (0.76) 43.7 (0.94) 4.8 (0.40) 70.6 (0.86) 58.0 (0.94) 37.6 (0.97) 4$50,000 to $74,999........ 32,025 (365.2) 71.8 (0.47) — (†) — (†) 83.6 (0.46) 42.7 (0.61) 5.1 (0.27) 72.9 (0.55) 61.7 (0.60) 39.7 (0.63) 45$75,000 or more ............ 48,795 (429.4) 82.9 (0.34) — (†) — (†) 87.3 (0.33) 39.7 (0.49) 6.5 (0.25) 77.7 (0.42) 67.4 (0.47) 44.0 (0.52) 5

Total, all students..... 49,520 (300.6) 66.1 (0.27) 48.8 (0.28) 82.2 (0.26) 70.1 (0.32) 59.3 (0.34) 5.9 (0.16) 49.8 (0.35) 46.5 (0.35) 20.1 (0.33) 32

Elementary/secondary6 ..... 34,636 (262.4) 59.4 (0.31) 43.3 (0.32) 77.9 (0.34) 60.6 (0.40) 64.2 (0.40) 2.0 (0.12) 37.1 (0.40) 36.0 (0.40) 9.3 (0.31) 15

3 and 4 years old ........... 1,063 (50.1) 23.2 (0.96) 7.6 (0.60) 29.4 (2.15) 25.1 (2.05) 63.5 (2.27) ‡ (†) 12.7 (1.57) 8.5 (1.32) — (†) 

5 to 9 years old .............. 8,116 (136.0) 42.7 (0.55) 26.1 (0.49) 51.6 (0.85) 33.3 (0.81) 64.9 (0.82) 1.0 (0.17) 17.3 (0.65) 16.5 (0.63) — (†) 

10 to 14 years old .......... 14,422 (178.5) 69.4 (0.49) 53.4 (0.53) 85.6 (0.45) 62.4 (0.62) 66.1 (0.61) 1.0 (0.13) 34.2 (0.61) 35.5 (0.61) 5.9 (0.38) 

15 years old and over..... 11,035 (157.5) 79.5 (0.53) 63.6 (0.63) 91.9 (0.40) 81.6 (0.57) 61.3 (0.71) 4.2 (0.29) 57.8 (0.72) 53.6 (0.73) 12.2 (0.48) 15

College .............................. 14,884 (181.2) 89.5 (0.37) 68.1 (0.56) 92.0 (0.34) 92.4 (0.34) 47.8 (0.63) 14.9 (0.45) 79.2 (0.51) 71.1 (0.57) 34.9 (0.60) 45

Sex

Male ............................... 24,107 (225.2) 64.6 (0.38) 47.7 (0.40) 80.7 (0.39) 66.8 (0.47) 64.1 (0.48) 5.3 (0.22) 50.5 (0.50) 49.9 (0.50) 16.1 (0.44) 3

Elementary/

secondary6 ........... 17,519 (195.3) 58.4 (0.44) 42.2 (0.44) 76.6 (0.49) 57.2 (0.58) 67.5 (0.54) 2.1 (0.17) 39.4 (0.57) 39.3 (0.57) 7.6 (0.40) 15

3 and 4 years old.... 591 (37.4) 24.2 (1.34) 7.2 (0.81) 26.9 (2.81) 23.7 (2.69) 66.4 (2.99) ‡ (†) 11.4 (2.01) 8.7 (1.79) — (†) 

5 to 9 years old....... 4,051 (97.0) 41.8 (0.77) 25.1 (0.68) 50.4 (1.21) 30.2 (1.11) 66.8 (1.14) 1.2 (0.27) 18.9 (0.95) 17.8 (0.93) — (†) 

10 to 14 years old... 7,233 (128.7) 68.1 (0.70) 51.9 (0.75) 84.0 (0.66) 58.0 (0.89) 68.9 (0.84) 1.4 (0.21) 37.6 (0.88) 38.1 (0.88) 4.6 (0.48) 

15 years old and over 5,645 (114.1) 77.9 (0.75) 62.8 (0.87) 91.2 (0.58) 79.1 (0.83) 66.3 (0.97) 3.9 (0.40) 59.5 (1.01) 59.6 (1.01) 9.9 (0.61) 15

College....................... 6,587 (123.0) 90.0 (0.54) 70.2 (0.82) 91.4 (0.53) 92.3 (0.51) 55.1 (0.94) 13.6 (0.65) 79.8 (0.76) 77.9 (0.79) 29.2 (0.86) 45

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Individuals may be counted in more than one internet activity.2Data are for persons 12 years old and over.3Data are for persons 15 years old and over.4Includes online banking and stock and securities transactions.

5Excludes persons whose income data were not available.6Includes prekindergarten through grade 12.NOTE: Data are based on a sample survey of households and are subject to saexclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rSOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populatabulations. (This table was prepared May 2005.)

Female........................... 25,413 (230.4) 67.6 (0.37) 49.9 (0.40) 83.6 (0.36) 73.3 (0.43) 54.7 (0.48) 6.5 (0.24) 49.1 (0.48) 43.4 (0.48) 23.8 (0.48) 34

Elementary/

secondary6 ........... 17,117 (193.2) 60.5 (0.45) 44.4 (0.45) 79.3 (0.48) 64.0 (0.56) 60.8 (0.57) 1.9 (0.16) 34.8 (0.56) 32.6 (0.55) 11.1 (0.48) 16

3 and 4 years old.... 472 (33.4) 21.9 (1.37) 8.0 (0.90) 32.5 (3.32) 26.8 (3.14) 60.0 (3.47) ‡ (†) 14.3 (2.48) 8.3 (1.95) — (†) 

5 to 9 years old....... 4,065 (97.2) 43.7 (0.79) 27.1 (0.71) 52.9 (1.21) 36.3 (1.16) 62.9 (1.17) 0.7 (0.20) 15.7 (0.88) 15.1 (0.86) — (†) 

10 to 14 years old... 7,189 (128.3) 70.7 (0.69) 54.9 (0.76) 87.3 (0.60) 66.9 (0.85) 63.3 (0.87) 0.7 (0.15) 30.9 (0.84) 32.9 (0.85) 7.1 (0.57) 15 years old and over 5,390 (111.6) 81.2 (0.74) 64.5 (0.90) 92.6 (0.55) 84.1 (0.77) 56.0 (1.04) 4.4 (0.43) 56.1 (1.04) 47.4 (1.05) 14.6 (0.74) 16

College....................... 8,297 (137.5) 89.0 (0.50) 66.4 (0.75) 92.4 (0.45) 92.4 (0.45) 42.0 (0.83) 15.9 (0.62) 78.8 (0.69) 65.7 (0.80) 39.4 (0.83) 45

Race/ethnicity

White.............................. 34,066 (260.6) 73.4 (0.32) 54.0 (0.36) 82.6 (0.32) 74.0 (0.37) 60.1 (0.41) 6.0 (0.20) 52.9 (0.42) 48.8 (0.42) 20.8 (0.40) 34

Elementary/

secondary6 ........... 23,592 (223.1) 67.1 (0.39) 48.7 (0.41) 78.2 (0.41) 65.1 (0.48) 65.7 (0.48) 1.9 (0.14) 39.9 (0.49) 38.0 (0.49) 9.5 (0.38) 17

3 and 4 years old.... 769 (42.6) 26.8 (1.27) 7.2 (0.74) 23.9 (2.37) 24.1 (2.37) 63.5 (2.67) ‡ (†) 9.9 (1.66) 6.5 (1.37) — (†) 

5 to 9 years old....... 5,557 (113.2) 49.6 (0.73) 30.4 (0.67) 49.7 (1.03) 35.4 (0.99) 65.5 (0.98) 0.9 (0.19) 17.4 (0.78) 17.2 (0.78) — (†) 

10 to 14 years old... 9,836 (149.1) 78.2 (0.57) 60.4 (0.67) 87.4 (0.52) 68.5 (0.72) 67.8 (0.72) 0.8 (0.14) 37.0 (0.75) 37.6 (0.75) 5.4 (0.44) 15 years old and over 7,430 (130.4) 87.4 (0.55) 69.6 (0.77) 92.9 (0.46) 87.2 (0.60) 63.4 (0.86) 4.1 (0.36) 63.5 (0.86) 57.4 (0.88) 12.9 (0.60) 17

College....................... 10,475 (153.6) 92.7 (0.38) 70.3 (0.66) 92.4 (0.40) 94.0 (0.36) 47.5 (0.75) 15.4 (0.54) 82.3 (0.57) 73.1 (0.67) 35.7 (0.72) 46

Black .............................. 5,810 (110.1) 53.0 (0.78) 40.8 (0.77) 82.6 (0.81) 57.4 (1.06) 61.5 (1.05) 5.9 (0.51) 41.9 (1.06) 39.3 (1.05) 18.8 (0.99) 28

Elementary/

secondary6 ........... 4,137 (96.7) 46.6 (0.87) 36.2 (0.83) 79.1 (1.04) 46.8 (1.27) 64.9 (1.21) 2.0 (0.36) 31.0 (1.18) 31.2 (1.18) 8.7 (0.92) 1

3 and 4 years old.... 103 (16.6) 15.0 (2.24) 7.2 (1.62) 51.6 (8.06) 32.5 (7.55) 56.8 (7.99) ‡ (†) 35.3 (7.70) 20.0 (6.45) — (†) 

5 to 9 years old....... 925 (48.9) 33.1 (1.46) 21.5 (1.27) 58.2 (2.65) 27.1 (2.39) 65.6 (2.56) 0.6 (0.40) 20.0 (2.15) 16.3 (1.99) — (†) 

10 to 14 years old... 1,732 (65.8) 53.6 (1.44) 42.7 (1.42) 83.8 (1.45) 45.5 (1.96) 68.6 (1.83) 2.1 (0.57) 29.0 (1.79) 31.6 (1.83) 8.2 (1.33) 

15 years old and over 1,377 (59.1) 63.6 (1.69) 54.5 (1.75) 89.2 (1.37) 62.7 (2.13) 60.4 (2.16) 3.1 (0.76) 40.5 (2.17) 41.6 (2.17) 9.2 (1.27) 1

College....................... 1,673 (64.8) 80.0 (1.43) 60.7 (1.75) 91.4 (1.12) 83.5 (1.48) 53.0 (2.00) 15.4 (1.45) 68.9 (1.85) 59.4 (1.97) 33.9 (1.89) 4

Hispanic ......................... 5,862 (116.2) 49.1 (0.80) 34.9 (0.76) 77.6 (0.95) 58.0 (1.13) 53.3 (1.14) 4.9 (0.49) 38.7 (1.11) 38.1 (1.11) 16.2 (1.02) 27

Elementary/

secondary6 ........... 4,517 (105.7) 44.2 (0.86) 31.2 (0.80) 74.5 (1.13) 49.1 (1.30) 56.1 (1.29) 2.8 (0.43) 29.1 (1.18) 30.3 (1.19) 8.6 (0.95) 13

3 and 4 years old.... 114 (18.6) 15.6 (2.35) 7.2 (1.67) 41.4 (8.08) 16.2 (6.04) 71.0 (7.44) ‡ (†) 7.0 (4.19) 10.6 (5.04) — (†) 

5 to 9 years old....... 1,095 (56.5) 30.3 (1.33) 17.9 (1.11) 53.6 (2.63) 26.6 (2.33) 59.9 (2.59) 1.8 (0.70) 15.2 (1.89) 15.5 (1.91) — (†) 

10 to 14 years old... 1,855 (72.3) 51.9 (1.46) 38.7 (1.42) 78.5 (1.67) 48.2 (2.03) 54.9 (2.02) 1.4 (0.48) 25.5 (1.77) 28.1 (1.82) 6.5 (1.23) 

15 years old and over 1,454 (64.5) 63.2 (1.76) 47.9 (1.82) 87.6 (1.51) 69.8 (2.10) 53.7 (2.28) 5.3 (1.02) 45.8 (2.28) 45.8 (2.28) 10.3 (1.39) 13

College....................... 1,344 (62.2) 78.4 (1.74) 56.9 (2.09) 88.2 (1.54) 88.1 (1.54) 43.9 (2.36) 12.0 (1.55) 71.2 (2.16) 64.2 (2.28) 31.5 (2.21) 4

Family income5

Less than $10,000 ......... 2,642 (84.7) 51.9 (1.22) 41.1 (1.21) 81.4 (1.32) 64.0 (1.63) 56.0 (1.69) 7.9 (0.92) 51.9 (1.70) 50.3 (1.70) 27.1 (1.71) 39

$10,000 to $19,999........ 3,477 (95.2) 52.8 (1.07) 41.8 (1.06) 82.2 (1.13) 60.8 (1.45) 52.5 (1.48) 6.9 (0.75) 46.7 (1.48) 42.6 (1.46) 22.6 (1.44) 37

$20,000 to $29,999........ 4,226 (103.0) 55.8 (1.00) 42.8 (0.99) 79.7 (1.08) 64.5 (1.29) 56.5 (1.33) 6.8 (0.68) 47.3 (1.34) 43.4 (1.33) 22.8 (1.32) 35

$30,000 to $39,999........ 4,860 (108.7) 62.8 (0.96) 45.1 (0.99) 78.5 (1.03) 66.8 (1.18) 60.9 (1.22) 6.6 (0.62) 45.1 (1.25) 41.4 (1.23) 20.5 (1.23) 3

$40,000 to $49,999........ 3,812 (98.9) 69.0 (1.09) 49.7 (1.17) 80.2 (1.13) 65.5 (1.35) 60.1 (1.39) 5.5 (0.64) 48.2 (1.41) 41.2 (1.39) 18.7 (1.33) 28

$50,000 to $74,999........ 9,038 (130.9) 72.1 (0.70) 51.6 (0.78) 82.0 (0.71) 71.5 (0.83) 60.9 (0.90) 5.0 (0.40) 49.9 (0.92) 46.9 (0.92) 20.2 (0.88) 35

$75,000 or more ............ 14,314 (132.1) 79.5 (0.53) 57.3 (0.64) 84.3 (0.53) 76.2 (0.62) 61.9 (0.71) 5.9 (0.34) 54.0 (0.73) 51.3 (0.73) 18.6 (0.69) 32

Table 15. Use of the Internet by persons 3 years old and over, by type of use and selected characteristics of students and other users: 2003—ContinuedSelected characteristic

Number of

persons using

the Internet

(in thousands)

Percent using

the Internet

anywhere

Percent using

the Internet

at school

Percent of internet users using the Internet for various activities during the year1

School

assignments

E-mail and

messaging Playing games Online courses

Product

purchases and

information

News, weather,

and sports

Health

information2

G

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 16. Number and percentage of persons 3 years old and over using the Internet and percentage distribution by means of internet access from home and m

high-speed access, by selected characteristics of students and other users: 2009

Selected characteristic

Total population

age 3 and over

(in thousands)

Persons using 

the Internet anywhere Among internet users,

percent using

the Internet

from home

Percentage distribution of home 

internet users, by means of 

access from home

Percentage distribution of persons with no interne

high-speed access at home, by main reason for not h

Number (inthousands)

Percent of

population

A regular

“dial-up”

telephone

High speed

(i.e., faster than

dial-up)1

Don’t need it,

not interested Too expensive

Can use it

somewhere else

Not available

in area

 N

o

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

Total, all persons......................... 289,420 (127.6) 235,580 (465.0) 81.4 (0.16) 90.3 (0.13) 6.5 (0.12) 93.5 (0.12) 32.2 (0.34) 32.4 (0.34) 4.4 (0.15) 4.4 (0.15) 1

Sex

Male.................................................... 141,531 (585.5) 115,792 (572.9) 81.8 (0.22) 90.5 (0.19) 6.3 (0.16) 93.7 (0.16) 32.2 (0.49) 32.3 (0.49) 4.7 (0.22) 4.6 (0.22) 1

Female............................................... 147,889 (585.8) 119,788 (576.1) 81.0 (0.22) 90.2 (0.19) 6.7 (0.16) 93.3 (0.16) 32.1 (0.47) 32.4 (0.47) 4.1 (0.20) 4.3 (0.20) 1

Race/ethnicity

White.................................................. 190,004 (559.4) 162,043 (582.6) 85.3 (0.18) 92.9 (0.14) 6.3 (0.14) 93.7 (0.14) 37.0 (0.47) 27.2 (0.44) 4.4 (0.20) 6.6 (0.24) 1

Black................................................... 35,040 (317.6) 25,792 (317.0) 73.6 (0.61) 81.0 (0.63) 7.8 (0.48) 92.2 (0.48) 27.0 (0.92) 37.9 (1.00) 4.9 (0.44) 2.1 (0.30) 2

Hispanic............................................. 45,002 (186.3) 30,898 (355.3) 68.7 (0.74) 83.6 (0.71) 8.0 (0.57) 92.0 (0.57) 25.0 (1.00) 39.9 (1.13) 4.2 (0.46) 1.3 (0.26) 2Other .................................................. 19,374 (141.7) 16,846 (173.2) 87.0 (0.63) 92.1 (0.54) 4.2 (0.42) 95.8 (0.42) 31.2 (1.79) 33.2 (1.82) 4.3 (0.79) 3.9 (0.74) 1

Age

3 and 4............................................... 8,538 (197.1) 6,935 (178.1) 81.2 (0.91) 87.1 (0.87) 5.3 (0.62) 94.7 (0.62) 20.5 (1.65) 45.4 (2.03) 3.7 (0.77) 3.7 (0.77) 1

5 to 9................................................... 20,464 (298.7) 17,295 (276.2) 84.5 (0.55) 88.5 (0.53) 5.4 (0.39) 94.6 (0.39) 17.9 (1.07) 47.2 (1.40) 4.2 (0.56) 4.6 (0.59) 1

10 to 14.............................................. 19,870 (294.6) 17,566 (278.2) 88.4 (0.49) 88.9 (0.51) 6.4 (0.42) 93.6 (0.42) 19.1 (1.17) 49.0 (1.49) 4.5 (0.62) 5.3 (0.67) 1

15 to 19.............................................. 21,006 (302.3) 18,677 (286.3) 88.9 (0.47) 88.9 (0.50) 6.2 (0.40) 93.8 (0.40) 17.9 (1.13) 45.5 (1.46) 6.0 (0.70) 6.6 (0.73) 120 to 24.............................................. 20,608 (299.7) 17,813 (280.0) 86.4 (0.52) 87.8 (0.53) 4.6 (0.36) 95.4 (0.36) 20.0 (1.15) 41.2 (1.41) 6.9 (0.73) 4.1 (0.57) 125 to 29.............................................. 20,912 (301.7) 17,668 (279.0) 84.5 (0.54) 87.6 (0.54) 3.9 (0.34) 96.1 (0.34) 22.5 (1.16) 41.4 (1.37) 5.3 (0.63) 4.3 (0.56) 130 to 39.............................................. 39,594 (400.6) 34,288 (376.7) 86.6 (0.37) 89.8 (0.35) 4.6 (0.26) 95.4 (0.26) 23.2 (0.90) 41.5 (1.06) 5.8 (0.50) 4.1 (0.42) 140 to 49.............................................. 43,351 (416.1) 37,432 (391.2) 86.3 (0.36) 91.6 (0.31) 6.1 (0.28) 93.9 (0.28) 26.4 (0.90) 37.3 (0.99) 6.0 (0.49) 5.8 (0.48) 150 to 59.............................................. 40,828 (405.8) 33,950 (375.1) 83.2 (0.40) 92.0 (0.32) 7.1 (0.31) 92.9 (0.31) 36.3 (0.96) 26.8 (0.88) 4.5 (0.41) 5.7 (0.46) 160 to 69.............................................. 27,939 (344.2) 21,018 (302.4) 75.2 (0.56) 93.4 (0.37) 10.2 (0.47) 89.8 (0.47) 44.4 (1.06) 20.1 (0.85) 3.4 (0.39) 5.0 (0.47) 1

70 or older.......................................... 26,311 (335.0) 12,938 (240.8) 49.2 (0.67) 93.9 (0.45) 12.9 (0.66) 87.1 (0.66) 55.9 (0.86) 10.3 (0.53) 1.4 (0.20) 1.5 (0.21) 2

Educational attainment

Less than high school....................... 42,263 (272.0) 26,318 (223.3) 62.3 (0.34) 83.8 (0.33) 9.4 (0.29) 90.6 (0.29) 33.0 (0.46) 32.3 (0.46) 2.7 (0.16) 2.5 (0.15) 2High school diploma or equivalent... 70,652 (325.0) 51,228 (292.5) 72.5 (0.25) 87.7 (0.21) 9.6 (0.20) 90.4 (0.20) 36.6 (0.41) 28.5 (0.38) 3.9 (0.16) 4.5 (0.18) 1

Some college..................................... 44,484 (277.5) 39,013 (263.5) 87.7 (0.23) 91.1 (0.21) 5.8 (0.18) 94.2 (0.18) 30.9 (0.64) 31.2 (0.64) 5.7 (0.32) 5.2 (0.31) 1

Associate’s degree............................ 20,335 (199.0) 18,124 (188.9) 89.1 (0.32) 91.4 (0.30) 6.1 (0.27) 93.9 (0.27) 33.0 (0.99) 30.1 (0.97) 6.1 (0.51) 6.9 (0.54) 1

Bachelor’s or higher degree............. 62,815 (313.6) 59,100 (307.4) 94.1 (0.14) 96.0 (0.12) 3.8 (0.12) 96.2 (0.12) 37.7 (0.78) 23.7 (0.68) 8.6 (0.45) 6.5 (0.40) 1

Bachelor’s degree......................... 41,811 (270.9) 39,124 (263.8) 93.6 (0.18) 95.6 (0.15) 4.1 (0.15) 95.9 (0.15) 36.8 (0.91) 25.5 (0.83) 8.8 (0.54) 6.2 (0.46) 1

Master’s or higher degree............ 21,003 (202.0) 19,976 (197.4) 95.1 (0.22) 96.7 (0.18) 3.4 (0.19) 96.6 (0.19) 40.1 (1.48) 19.1 (1.19) 8.1 (0.82) 7.2 (0.78) 1

Family income

Less than $10,000............................ 20,657 (288.7) 11,720 (221.8) 56.7 (0.72) 72.7 (0.86) 9.3 (0.66) 90.7 (0.66) 27.8 (0.83) 39.6 (0.90) 3.0 (0.32) 1.9 (0.25) 1$10,000 to $19,999........................... 31,668 (348.6) 18,335 (273.4) 57.9 (0.58) 78.1 (0.64) 11.5 (0.56) 88.5 (0.56) 31.9 (0.71) 33.7 (0.72) 3.0 (0.26) 1.6 (0.19) 2

$20,000 to $29,999........................... 33,716 (358.0) 22,952 (302.8) 68.1 (0.53) 81.6 (0.54) 10.0 (0.46) 90.0 (0.46) 32.6 (0.76) 34.2 (0.77) 3.3 (0.29) 3.2 (0.28) 1

$30,000 to $39,999........................... 33,732 (358.1) 25,912 (319.6) 76.8 (0.48) 87.0 (0.44) 9.2 (0.40) 90.8 (0.40) 33.0 (0.86) 31.0 (0.84) 5.3 (0.41) 3.9 (0.35) 1$40,000 to $49,999........................... 25,788 (318.9) 21,977 (297.0) 85.2 (0.46) 91.6 (0.39) 8.4 (0.41) 91.6 (0.41) 31.9 (1.14) 28.9 (1.11) 6.0 (0.58) 7.0 (0.63) 1$50,000 to $74,999........................... 56,205 (436.9) 50,607 (420.7) 90.0 (0.27) 93.3 (0.23) 6.6 (0.24) 93.4 (0.24) 35.1 (0.91) 29.1 (0.87) 5.2 (0.42) 7.7 (0.51) 1$75,000 or more................................ 87,653 (498.1) 84,075 (493.3) 95.9 (0.14) 96.7 (0.13) 3.2 (0.13) 96.8 (0.13) 33.0 (1.05) 24.8 (0.96) 7.9 (0.60) 10.7 (0.69) 1

Total, all students ....................... 77,288 (333.1) 69,244 (323.1) 89.6 (0.16) 90.0 (0.17) 5.2 (0.13) 94.8 (0.13) 17.8 (0.41) 47.1 (0.54) 5.4 (0.24) 5.5 (0.25) 1

Elementary/secondary2 ........................ 57,524 (304.6) 50,255 (290.5) 87.4 (0.20) 88.7 (0.21) 5.8 (0.16) 94.2 (0.16) 17.7 (0.45) 47.6 (0.58) 4.6 (0.25) 5.3 (0.26) 1

3 and 4 years old............................... 4,475 (96.7) 3,833 (89.6) 85.7 (0.76) 89.6 (0.72) 4.6 (0.52) 95.4 (0.52) 17.1 (1.59) 44.9 (2.10) 5.0 (0.92) 4.1 (0.84) 2

5 to 9 years old.................................. 19,704 (196.2) 16,743 (182.1) 85.0 (0.37) 88.5 (0.36) 5.4 (0.27) 94.6 (0.27) 17.7 (0.74) 46.9 (0.97) 4.3 (0.39) 4.6 (0.41) 1

10 to 14 years old.............................. 19,560 (195.5) 17,328 (185.0) 88.6 (0.33) 88.8 (0.35) 6.4 (0.29) 93.6 (0.29) 18.8 (0.80) 48.9 (1.02) 4.6 (0.43) 5.4 (0.46) 1

15 years old and over ....................... 13,785 (166.3) 12,351 (157.9) 89.6 (0.38) 88.5 (0.42) 6.1 (0.34) 93.9 (0.34) 16.2 (0.91) 47.7 (1.23) 5.2 (0.55) 6.5 (0.60) 1

College ................................................... 19,764 (196.5) 18,989 (192.9) 96.1 (0.20) 93.6 (0.26) 3.6 (0.20) 96.4 (0.20) 18.5 (1.11) 44.2 (1.41) 9.6 (0.84) 6.9 (0.72) 1

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. !Interpret data with caution.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes DSL, cable, modem, satellite, wireless, mobile phone or PDA, fiber optics or other broadband, and other.2Includes prekindergarten through grade 12.

NOTE: Data are based on a sample survey of households and are subject to saexclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of ro

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populatioprepared November 2010.)

Sex

Male.................................................... 38,005 (260.7) 33,942 (248.9) 89.3 (0.23) 89.8 (0.24) 5.1 (0.18) 94.9 (0.18) 17.8 (0.59) 47.4 (0.77) 5.2 (0.34) 5.1 (0.34) 1

Elementary/secondary2 ............... 29,363 (234.1) 25,626 (220.7) 87.3 (0.28) 88.5 (0.29) 5.8 (0.23) 94.2 (0.23) 17.4 (0.62) 48.5 (0.82) 4.6 (0.34) 4.7 (0.35) 1

3 and 4 years old...................... 2,237 (68.7) 1,878 (63.0) 84.0 (1.13) 88.7 (1.07) 5.5 (0.82) 94.5 (0.82) 18.3 (2.19) 46.5 (2.83) 4.2 (1.13) 5.7 (1.31) 1

5 to 9 years old......................... 10,060 (143.3) 8,565 (132.6) 85.1 (0.52) 87.8 (0.52) 5.1 (0.37) 94.9 (0.37) 17.9 (1.03) 46.7 (1.35) 4.3 (0.55) 4.7 (0.57) 1

10 to 14 years old..................... 9,970 (142.7) 8,804 (134.4) 88.3 (0.47) 88.6 (0.49) 6.3 (0.40) 93.7 (0.40) 18.2 (1.09) 49.5 (1.42) 4.1 (0.56) 4.5 (0.59) 1

15 years old and over............... 7,096 (121.1) 6,379 (115.0) 89.9 (0.52) 89.3 (0.56) 6.3 (0.47) 93.7 (0.47) 14.9 (1.24) 50.9 (1.74) 5.9 (0.82) 4.8 (0.75) 1

College........................................... 8,642 (133.2) 8,316 (130.8) 96.2 (0.30) 94.0 (0.38) 3.1 (0.29) 96.9 (0.29) 20.9 (1.81) 39.2 (2.18) 9.9 (1.33) 7.9 (1.20) 1

Female............................................... 39,284 (264.2) 35,302 (253.0) 89.9 (0.22) 90.2 (0.23) 5.2 (0.18) 94.8 (0.18) 17.8 (0.59) 46.8 (0.76) 5.5 (0.35) 5.9 (0.36) 1

Elementary/secondary2 ............... 28,161 (229.9) 24,629 (216.9) 87.5 (0.29) 88.9 (0.29) 5.8 (0.23) 94.2 (0.23) 18.0 (0.65) 46.7 (0.84) 4.7 (0.36) 5.8 (0.39) 1

3 and 4 years old...................... 2,238 (68.7) 1,955 (64.3) 87.4 (1.03) 90.4 (0.97) 3.6 (0.65) 96.4 (0.65) 15.7 (2.30) 42.9 (3.13) 6.0 (1.50) 2.2 ! (0.93) 2

5 to 9 years old......................... 9,644 (140.4) 8,178 (129.7) 84.8 (0.53) 89.2 (0.50) 5.6 (0.39) 94.4 (0.39) 17.4 (1.05) 47.2 (1.39) 4.2 (0.56) 4.6 (0.58) 1

10 to 14 years old..................... 9,590 (140.0) 8,523 (132.3) 88.9 (0.47) 89.0 (0.49) 6.5 (0.41) 93.5 (0.41) 19.5 (1.16) 48.3 (1.46) 5.1 (0.64) 6.3 (0.71) 1

15 years old and over............... 6,689 (117.7) 5,972 (111.4) 89.3 (0.55) 87.6 (0.62) 6.0 (0.48) 94.0 (0.48) 17.6 (1.32) 44.6 (1.72) 4.5 (0.72) 8.1 (0.95) 1

College........................................... 11,123 (150.3) 10,673 (147.4) 96.0 (0.27) 93.2 (0.35) 3.9 (0.28) 96.1 (0.28) 16.9 (1.39) 47.6 (1.85) 9.5 (1.08) 6.3 (0.90) 1

Race/ethnicity

White.................................................. 45,470 (279.8) 43,096 (274.1) 94.8 (0.15) 93.6 (0.17) 4.6 (0.15) 95.4 (0.15) 19.3 (0.69) 43.8 (0.87) 6.1 (0.42) 10.7 (0.54) 1

Elementary/secondary2 ............... 32,645 (244.9) 30,539 (238.1) 93.5 (0.20) 92.9 (0.22) 5.2 (0.19) 94.8 (0.19) 19.2 (0.76) 44.6 (0.95) 5.0 (0.42) 10.4 (0.59) 1

3 and 4 years old...................... 2,409 (71.3) 2,254 (69.0) 93.6 (0.73) 92.4 (0.81) 4.4 (0.66) 95.6 (0.66) 13.4 (2.43) 45.6 (3.56) 8.4 (1.98) 9.5 (2.09) 1

5 to 9 years old......................... 10,880 (148.7) 10,059 (143.3) 92.4 (0.37) 92.8 (0.38) 4.6 (0.32) 95.4 (0.32) 20.4 (1.32) 43.1 (1.63) 5.2 (0.73) 9.5 (0.96) 1

10 to 14 years old..................... 11,351 (151.8) 10,658 (147.3) 93.9 (0.33) 92.8 (0.37) 5.7 (0.34) 94.3 (0.34) 19.5 (1.28) 45.9 (1.61) 4.6 (0.68) 10.1 (0.98) 1

15 years old and over............... 8,004 (128.4) 7,567 (124.9) 94.5 (0.37) 93.2 (0.42) 5.6 (0.40) 94.4 (0.40) 18.8 (1.55) 44.3 (1.97) 4.4 (0.82) 12.7 (1.32) 1

College........................................... 12,826 (160.8) 12,558 (159.2) 97.9 (0.18) 95.6 (0.27) 3.1 (0.23) 96.9 (0.23) 19.7 (1.68) 40.4 (2.07) 11.1 (1.32) 12.2 (1.38) 

Black................................................... 11,241 (143.3) 9,340 (134.1) 83.1 (0.55) 80.6 (0.63) 6.6 (0.44) 93.4 (0.44) 15.0 (0.85) 50.9 (1.20) 5.2 (0.53) 2.3 (0.36) 2

Elementary/secondary2 ............... 8,425 (128.9) 6,766 (118.0) 80.3 (0.67) 78.6 (0.77) 7.4 (0.56) 92.6 (0.56) 15.0 (0.94) 51.4 (1.31) 4.9 (0.57) 2.1 (0.38) 2

3 and 4 years old...................... 761 (42.5) 601 (37.8) 79.1 (2.29) 79.8 (2.54) 5.6 (1.62) ‡ (†) 18.4 (3.43) 42.2 (4.37) 4.6 ! (1.85) ‡ (†) 25 to 9 years old......................... 2,655 (77.7) 2,053 (68.8) 77.3 (1.26) 79.5 (1.38) 7.2 (0.99) 92.8 (0.99) 16.1 (1.69) 49.3 (2.30) 4.7 (0.97) 2.4 (0.70) 210 to 14 years old..................... 2,827 (80.0) 2,327 (73.0) 82.3 (1.11) 78.8 (1.32) 8.0 (0.98) 92.0 (0.98) 15.1 (1.64) 53.4 (2.29) 5.0 (1.00) 3.2 (0.81) 1

15 years old and over............... 2,182 (70.8) 1,785 (64.3) 81.8 (1.28) 77.0 (1.55) 7.3 (1.09) 92.7 (1.09) 12.4 (1.70) 54.5 (2.57) 5.3 (1.16) ‡ (†) 1

College........................................... 2,817 (79.8) 2,573 (76.5) 91.4 (0.82) 86.0 (1.06) 4.9 (0.71) 95.1 (0.71) 14.7 (2.06) 48.4 (2.91) 6.6 (1.44) 3.1 ! (1.01) 2

Hispanic............................................. 14,528 (157.1) 11,181 (147.3) 77.0 (0.58) 83.2 (0.59) 7.5 (0.45) 92.5 (0.45) 17.9 (0.83) 49.1 (1.08) 4.5 (0.45) 1.2 (0.24) 1

Elementary/secondary2 ............... 12,095 (150.6) 8,961 (137.2) 74.1 (0.66) 81.4 (0.68) 8.0 (0.52) 92.0 (0.52) 17.6 (0.86) 48.8 (1.13) 4.0 (0.44) 1.4 (0.26) 2

3 and 4 years old...................... 912 (49.4) 629 (41.2) 69.0 (2.54) 85.6 (2.32) 5.2 ! (1.58) ‡ (†) 17.8 (3.16) 49.5 (4.13) 2.6 ! (1.32) ‡ (†) 2

5 to 9 years old......................... 4,559 (105.0) 3,153 (89.1) 69.2 (1.13) 79.9 (1.18) 7.8 (0.88) 92.2 (0.88) 16.3 (1.29) 48.4 (1.75) 3.4 (0.63) 1.6 (0.44) 2

10 to 14 years old..................... 3,975 (98.9) 3,063 (87.9) 77.1 (1.11) 83.3 (1.12) 9.0 (0.94) 91.0 (0.94) 19.9 (1.63) 50.3 (2.04) 4.1 (0.81) 0.9 ! (0.38) 1

15 years old and over............... 2,649 (82.3) 2,116 (74.1) 79.9 (1.29) 79.9 (1.44) 7.6 (1.07) 92.4 (1.07) 16.9 (1.88) 47.1 (2.51) 5.8 (1.17) 1.8 ! (0.66) 1

College........................................... 2,434 (79.1) 2,220 (75.8) 91.2 (0.95) 90.4 (1.03) 5.6 (0.85) 94.4 (0.85) 20.2 (2.87) 51.9 (3.57) 9.0 (2.05) 12.5 (2.36) 

Family income

Less than $10,000............................ 6,107 (162.0) 4,522 (139.9) 74.0 (1.18) 74.5 (1.36) 7.0 (0.93) 93.0 (0.93) 11.6 (1.23) 56.5 (1.91) 3.9 (0.75) 2.2 (0.56) 1$10,000 to $19,999........................... 7,932 (183.9) 6,100 (161.9) 76.9 (0.99) 75.8 (1.15) 8.2 (0.85) 91.8 (0.85) 14.5 (1.22) 51.7 (1.73) 5.4 (0.78) 1.3 ! (0.39) 2

$20,000 to $29,999........................... 8,638 (191.7) 6,998 (173.1) 81.0 (0.89) 80.5 (0.99) 8.4 (0.78) 91.6 (0.78) 17.1 (1.34) 51.1 (1.78) 3.9 (0.69) 4.0 (0.70) 1

$30,000 to $39,999........................... 8,259 (187.6) 7,099 (174.3) 86.0 (0.80) 87.4 (0.83) 8.0 (0.72) 92.0 (0.72) 17.7 (1.59) 45.6 (2.07) 6.8 (1.05) 4.6 (0.87) 1

$40,000 to $49,999........................... 6,519 (167.2) 6,033 (161.1) 92.5 (0.68) 92.2 (0.73) 6.6 (0.70) 93.4 (0.70) 21.1 (2.35) 41.1 (2.84) 4.9 (1.24) 10.3 (1.75) 1

$50,000 to $74,999........................... 14,632 (246.3) 13,868 (240.1) 94.8 (0.39) 94.1 (0.42) 5.4 (0.42) 94.6 (0.42) 24.2 (1.88) 40.5 (2.15) 5.1 (0.96) 9.3 (1.27) 1

$75,000 or more................................ 25,201 (315.7) 24,623 (312.4) 97.7 (0.20) 97.0 (0.23) 2.4 (0.21) 97.6 (0.21) 25.4 (2.11) 30.3 (2.22) 8.9 (1.38) 15.2 (1.73) 

Table 16. Number and percentage of persons 3 years old and over using the Internet and percentage distribution by means of internet access from home and m

high-speed access, by selected characteristics of students and other users: 2009—Continued

Selected characteristic

Total population

age 3 and over

(in thousands)

Persons using 

the Internet anywhere Among internet users,

percent using

the Internet

from home

Percentage distribution of home 

internet users, by means of 

access from home

Percentage distribution of persons with no interne

high-speed access at home, by main reason for not h

Number (inthousands)

Percent of

population

A regular

“dial-up”

telephone

High speed

(i.e., faster than

dial-up)1

Don’t need it,

not interested Too expensive

Can use it

somewhere else

Not available

in area

 N

o

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Individuals may be counted in more than one computer activity.2Data are for persons 15 years old and over.3Data are for students only.

4Excludes persons whose income data were not available.NOTE: Excludes persons under age 3. Race categories exclude persons of because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Popula2003, unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared August 2004.)

Table 17. Number and percentage of home computer users, by type of application and selected characteristics: 1997 and 2003Selected characteristic

1997 2003

Number of home

computer users

(in thousands)

Percent of

persons using

computers

at home

Number of home

computer users

(in thousands)

Percent of

persons using

computers

at home

Percent of home computer users using specific applicatio

Word processing

Connect

to Internet E-mail

Spreadsheets/

databases2 Graphics/design2

ass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

Total, age 3 and over................... 81,013 (600.0) 31.7 (0.16) 156,744 (954.0) 56.9 (0.16) 53.1 (0.22) 82.7 (0.17) 72.7 (0.19) 32.0 (0.23) 37.6 (0.24) 75.

Sex

Male .................................................. 41,260 (412.6) 33.1 (0.22) 76,777 (637.8) 57.2 (0.22) 49.5 (0.30) 82.4 (0.23) 70.5 (0.27) 33.7 (0.32) 39.5 (0.33) 73.Female.............................................. 39,753 (384.7) 30.3 (0.20) 79,967 (627.8) 56.7 (0.21) 56.7 (0.28) 83.0 (0.21) 74.8 (0.24) 30.3 (0.29) 35.9 (0.30) 77.

Race/ethnicity

White................................................. 68,026 (543.7) 36.9 (0.19) 119,495 (801.4) 63.7 (0.19) 53.9 (0.25) 84.9 (0.18) 75.4 (0.22) 32.6 (0.26) 38.6 (0.27) 75.Black ................................................. 4,943 (136.3) 15.6 (0.36) 13,457 (254.7) 40.8 (0.48) 50.5 (0.76) 74.4 (0.67) 62.5 (0.74) 26.8 (0.77) 33.4 (0.82) 79.

Hispanic ............................................ 4,081 (139.0) 14.5 (0.41) 13,497 (300.2) 35.8 (0.49) 46.6 (0.85) 72.4 (0.76) 59.4 (0.83) 27.8 (0.90) 31.4 (0.93) 74.Other................................................. 3,963 (136.6) 34.8 (0.88) 10,296 (248.9) 60.7 (0.74) 56.3 (0.96) 81.1 (0.76) 71.6 (0.88) 36.4 (1.06) 39.3 (1.07) 76.

Age

3 to 14............................................... 18,774 (249.8) 39.1 (0.39) 30,772 (330.0) 62.6 (0.38) 37.9 (0.48) 57.6 (0.49) 34.5 (0.47) — (†) — (†) 61.

15 and over ....................................... 62,239 (505.5) 30.0 (0.17) 125,972 (813.4) 55.7 (0.18) 56.8 (0.24) 88.8 (0.15) 82.0 (0.19) 32.0 (0.23) 37.6 (0.24) 92.

15 to 19 ......................................... 8,395 (162.3) 43.1 (0.61) 14,656 (218.2) 72.2 (0.54) 68.9 (0.66) 86.6 (0.49) 77.9 (0.59) 23.2 (0.60) 43.8 (0.71) 93.

20 to 24 ......................................... 4,975 (123.7) 28.5 (0.59) 11,848 (194.7) 59.6 (0.60) 63.7 (0.76) 86.4 (0.54) 80.6 (0.63) 29.9 (0.73) 40.9 (0.78) 94.

25 to 29 ......................................... 5,963 (135.8) 31.7 (0.59) 11,059 (187.7) 59.0 (0.62) 56.0 (0.82) 88.5 (0.52) 83.7 (0.61) 36.2 (0.79) 42.1 (0.81) 94.

30 to 39 ......................................... 15,393 (224.1) 35.8 (0.40) 26,407 (302.3) 64.0 (0.41) 54.3 (0.53) 89.7 (0.32) 83.3 (0.40) 35.5 (0.51) 40.6 (0.52) 89.40 to 49 ......................................... 15,346 (223.7) 38.3 (0.42) 27,660 (310.4) 62.3 (0.40) 55.4 (0.52) 90.1 (0.31) 82.7 (0.39) 35.3 (0.50) 37.3 (0.50) 88.50 to 59 ......................................... 7,679 (154.9) 28.5 (0.48) 19,976 (258.5) 57.2 (0.46) 55.4 (0.61) 90.7 (0.35) 83.4 (0.45) 32.5 (0.57) 33.6 (0.58) 90.

60 to 69 ......................................... 3,162 (98.1) 16.2 (0.46) 9,233 (170.6) 41.8 (0.57) 51.8 (0.90) 87.9 (0.59) 81.9 (0.69) 28.5 (0.81) 29.0 (0.82) 69.

70 or older..................................... 1,327 (63.2) 5.9 (0.27) 5,134 (125.7) 20.9 (0.45) 43.9 (1.20) 84.5 (0.87) 78.1 (1.00) 20.5 (0.97) 20.6 (0.98) 

Family income4

Under $20,000 .................................. 7,374 (151.6) 11.0 (0.21) 11,951 (195.6) 28.6 (0.38) 48.5 (0.79) 70.1 (0.72) 59.9 (0.77) 23.2 (0.75) 31.5 (0.83) 78.

$20,000 to $29,999........................... 7,819 (156.3) 19.9 (0.35) 12,136 (197.2) 41.4 (0.50) 47.7 (0.78) 74.0 (0.69) 64.5 (0.75) 25.6 (0.77) 32.4 (0.82) 74.$30,000 to $39,999........................... 10,370 (181.4) 28.5 (0.41) 15,176 (222.4) 52.4 (0.51) 45.6 (0.70) 78.9 (0.57) 68.7 (0.65) 24.9 (0.68) 31.8 (0.73) 72.

$40,000 to $49,999........................... 9,627 (174.4) 36.9 (0.52) 13,300 (207.1) 63.4 (0.57) 50.1 (0.75) 81.9 (0.58) 71.6 (0.68) 28.5 (0.75) 35.6 (0.80) 74.$50,000 to $74,999........................... 21,685 (270.5) 46.5 (0.40) 31,581 (335.0) 70.8 (0.37) 51.9 (0.49) 85.6 (0.34) 74.8 (0.42) 30.8 (0.50) 37.4 (0.52) 74.

$75,000 or more ............................... 24,138 (287.3) 60.3 (0.42) 48,583 (433.0) 82.5 (0.27) 61.3 (0.38) 89.7 (0.24) 79.8 (0.31) 41.2 (0.43) 45.1 (0.43) 77.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable. 1Individuals may be counted in more than one computer activity.

NOTE: Estimates as of October 1. Race categories exclude persons of Hbecause of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populatabulations. (This table was prepared May 2005.)

Table 18. Number and percentage of student home computer users, by type of application and selected characteristics: 2003Selected characteristic of students

Number

(in thousands)

Number using

computers at home

(in thousands)

Percent using

computers at home

 Percent of home computer users using specific applicatio

Games Internet

School

assignments E-mail Word processing

G

and 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total, all students ................. 74,911 (312.9) 52,942 (286.3) 70.7 (0.24) 76.2 (0.27) 72.3 (0.28) 75.9 (0.27) 56.5 (0.31) 55.1 (0.32) — 

Elementary/secondary........................... 58,273 (324.9) 39,364 (282.0) 67.6 (0.30) 82.8 (0.30) 66.0 (0.37) 69.9 (0.36) 46.2 (0.39) 46.8 (0.39) — 

Under age 5 ....................................... 4,590 (105.0) 2,291 (74.6) 49.9 (1.16) 84.3 (1.19) 29.2 (1.49) 15.1 (1.17) 8.9 (0.93) 9.4 (0.96) — Ages 5 to 9......................................... 19,015 (206.6) 11,887 (166.1) 62.5 (0.55) 87.6 (0.47) 45.9 (0.72) 42.0 (0.71) 18.8 (0.56) 22.6 (0.60) — 

Ages 10 to 14..................................... 20,788 (215.0) 14,875 (184.5) 71.6 (0.49) 85.3 (0.45) 74.1 (0.56) 85.1 (0.46) 53.0 (0.64) 56.5 (0.64) — 

15 years old or over ........................... 13,880 (165.7) 10,311 (144.2) 74.3 (0.54) 73.4 (0.64) 85.8 (0.50) 92.4 (0.38) 76.3 (0.61) 69.1 (0.66) 43.1 

White.............................................. 8,500 (131.6) 7,186 (121.4) 84.5 (0.57) 75.3 (0.74) 90.2 (0.51) 93.3 (0.43) 81.5 (0.67) 72.1 (0.77) 46.3 Black .............................................. 2,164 (68.8) 1,073 (49.7) 49.6 (1.67) 73.5 (2.09) 73.6 (2.09) 90.3 (1.40) 60.7 (2.31) 59.0 (2.33) 38.9 Hispanic ......................................... 2,298 (75.0) 1,280 (57.5) 55.7 (1.72) 68.2 (2.16) 72.0 (2.08) 87.8 (1.51) 60.8 (2.26) 59.9 (2.27) 30.0 Other .............................................. 918 (45.9) 771 (42.2) 83.9 (1.88) 64.5 (2.68) 83.7 (2.07) 94.3 (1.30) 75.3 (2.41) 69.9 (2.57) 41.4 

Undergraduate....................................... 13,370 (162.9) 10,701 (146.8) 80.0 (0.50) 60.5 (0.69) 89.6 (0.43) 92.8 (0.37) 84.8 (0.51) 77.1 (0.59) 46.5 

White.................................................. 8,964 (135.0) 7,551 (124.4) 84.2 (0.56) 60.8 (0.82) 91.1 (0.48) 93.0 (0.43) 86.5 (0.57) 78.7 (0.69) 48.9 

Black .................................................. 1,766 (62.8) 1,151 (51.4) 65.2 (1.76) 62.1 (2.22) 83.2 (1.71) 91.1 (1.30) 77.0 (1.93) 72.4 (2.05) 37.7 

Hispanic ............................................. 1,544 (62.7) 1,102 (53.6) 71.4 (1.91) 56.8 (2.47) 86.7 (1.69) 92.1 (1.34) 80.5 (1.98) 68.6 (2.32) 38.8 

Other.................................................. 1,095 (49.9) 898 (45.4) 82.0 (1.80) 61.5 (2.52) 89.5 (1.59) 94.0 (1.23) 86.3 (1.78) 80.3 (2.06) 47.3 

Graduate................................................ 3,268 (66.0) 2,876 (64.1) 88.0 (0.83) 43.6 (1.35) 93.7 (0.66) 94.6 (0.61) 91.7 (0.75) 86.1 (0.94) 52.2 

Males ..................................................... 37,323 (253.4) 26,168 (219.6) 70.1 (0.35) 80.1 (0.36) 71.2 (0.41) 73.9 (0.40) 53.0 (0.45) 51.7 (0.45) — 

Elementary/secondary....................... 30,005 (252.4) 20,050 (211.6) 66.8 (0.43) 84.9 (0.40) 65.3 (0.53) 68.3 (0.51) 43.1 (0.55) 44.2 (0.55) — 

Under age 5 ................................... 2,437 (76.9) 1,222 (54.6) 50.2 (1.59) 85.3 (1.59) 30.3 (2.06) 14.9 (1.60) 10.7 (1.38) 9.1 (1.29) — Ages 5 to 9..................................... 9,703 (150.9) 6,060 (120.3) 62.5 (0.77) 88.5 (0.64) 44.6 (1.00) 40.7 (0.99) 16.6 (0.75) 20.9 (0.82) — 

Ages 10 to 14................................. 10,622 (157.5) 7,453 (132.9) 70.2 (0.70) 87.5 (0.60) 73.9 (0.80) 83.3 (0.68) 48.0 (0.91) 53.0 (0.91) — 

15 years old or over........................ 7,243 (121.9) 5,313 (104.9) 73.4 (0.76) 77.1 (0.84) 84.8 (0.72) 90.9 (0.58) 73.8 (0.88) 66.4 (0.95) 43.3 

Undergraduate................................... 5,902 (110.4) 4,859 (100.5) 82.3 (0.72) 68.6 (0.97) 89.7 (0.64) 91.7 (0.58) 84.0 (0.77) 75.1 (0.91) 50.2 

Graduate............................................ 1,416 (54.7) 1,259 (51.6) 88.9 (1.22) 48.9 (2.06) 93.8 (0.99) 94.1 (0.97) 91.6 (1.14) 81.2 (1.61) 53.0 

Females................................................. 37,588 (254.1) 26,774 (221.7) 71.2 (0.34) 72.3 (0.40) 73.4 (0.39) 77.8 (0.37) 59.8 (0.44) 58.4 (0.44) — 

Elementary/secondary....................... 28,269 (246.1) 19,315 (208.0) 68.3 (0.43) 80.7 (0.45) 66.8 (0.53) 71.6 (0.51) 49.4 (0.56) 49.5 (0.56) — 

Under age 5 ................................... 2,154 (72.3) 1,069 (51.1) 49.6 (1.69) 83.2 (1.79) 28.0 (2.15) 15.3 (1.72) 6.8 (1.21) 9.8 (1.43) — Ages 5 to 9..................................... 9,312 (147.9) 5,827 (118.0) 62.6 (0.79) 86.7 (0.70) 47.1 (1.02) 43.3 (1.02) 21.0 (0.84) 24.4 (0.88) — 

Ages 10 to 14................................. 10,166 (154.3) 7,422 (132.7) 73.0 (0.69) 83.1 (0.68) 74.4 (0.79) 86.8 (0.62) 57.9 (0.90) 60.0 (0.89) — 

15 years old or over........................ 6,637 (116.9) 4,997 (101.9) 75.3 (0.77) 69.6 (0.95) 86.7 (0.70) 94.0 (0.49) 78.9 (0.84) 71.8 (0.93) 42.9 

Undergraduate................................... 7,468 (123.7) 5,842 (109.9) 78.2 (0.70) 53.9 (0.95) 89.6 (0.58) 93.7 (0.47) 85.5 (0.67) 78.8 (0.78) 43.4 

Graduate............................................ 1,852 (62.5) 1,617 (58.5) 87.3 (1.13) 39.5 (1.77) 93.5 (0.89) 95.1 (0.78) 91.8 (0.99) 90.0 (1.09) 51.5 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 19. Student use of computers, by level of enrollment, age, and student and school characteristics: 1993, 1997, and 2003Student and schoolcharacteristic

1993 1997 2003

Total

Elementary

and

secondary1 College2 Total

Elementary

and

secondary1 College2 Total

Elementary and secondary1

Total

Under 5

years old

5 to 9

years old

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

Percent of students using computers at school

Total............................. 59.0 (0.32) 60.1 (0.38) 54.7 (0.71) 68.8 (0.27) 70.4 (0.32) 62.9 (0.60) 83.8 (0.20) 83.5 (0.24) 42.6 (1.14) 80.1 (0.45) 90

Sex

Male ................................. 59.4 (0.44) 59.9 (0.53) 57.4 (1.04) 70.1 (0.37) 71.0 (0.44) 66.3 (0.88) 83.7 (0.28) 83.4 (0.34) 43.5 (1.57) 79.7 (0.64) 90

Female............................. 58.7 (0.45) 60.5 (0.54) 52.4 (0.96) 67.6 (0.38) 69.9 (0.46) 60.2 (0.81) 83.8 (0.28) 83.5 (0.35) 41.5 (1.66) 80.7 (0.64) 90

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 61.6 (0.37) 63.8 (0.45) 54.0 (0.81) 71.1 (0.32) 73.9 (0.38) 62.1 (0.70) 85.0 (0.24) 84.9 (0.30) 41.1 (1.44) 82.5 (0.56) 92

Black ................................ 51.5 (0.98) 50.6 (0.98) 57.0 (2.54) 66.3 (0.74) 66.1 (0.75) 66.8 (1.78) 82.7 (0.56) 82.5 (0.67) 49.4 (3.18) 78.5 (1.30) 88

Hispanic ........................... 52.3 (1.50) 52.3 (1.16) 52.1 (4.06) 61.5 (0.89) 61.3 (0.69) 62.6 (2.38) 80.3 (0.60) 79.8 (0.71) 39.5 (3.22) 75.6 (1.27) 86

Other................................ 59.0 (2.24) 57.7 (2.50) 62.7 (4.20) 65.3 (1.32) 65.6 (1.45) 64.6 (2.56) 83.3 (0.77) 81.7 (1.01) 48.9 (4.78) 76.3 (1.89) 86

Family income3

Less than $5,000 ............. 51.2 (1.32) 48.1 (1.50) 62.4 (2.73) 62.1 (1.21) 61.6 (1.41) 63.4 (2.36) 80.9 (1.87) 79.5 (2.31) 42.4 (9.47) 78.3 (3.82) 86

$5,000 to $9,999.............. 53.3 (1.06) 53.1 (1.17) 54.3 (2.51) 63.5 (1.02) 61.9 (1.14) 70.4 (2.20) 84.4 (1.43) 82.4 (1.74) 49.2 (7.71) 77.8 (3.30) 9

$10,000 to $14,999.......... 56.4 (1.03) 56.7 (1.13) 55.1 (2.50) 66.2 (0.96) 66.4 (1.06) 65.2 (2.26) 81.7 (1.37) 80.0 (1.61) 50.1 (7.20) 74.1 (3.11) 84

$15,000 to $19,999.......... 58.1 (1.18) 59.4 (1.30) 52.3 (2.77) 65.9 (1.10) 66.5 (1.21) 63.2 (2.72) 81.3 (1.57) 79.8 (1.84) 26.6 (7.08) 77.0 (3.27) 89

$20,000 to $24,999.......... 56.4 (1.07) 56.3 (1.18) 56.6 (2.58) 66.9 (0.99) 67.5 (1.10) 64.3 (2.24) 81.3 (1.41) 80.3 (1.61) 43.7 (7.03) 73.0 (3.00) 88

$25,000 to $29,999.......... 60.0 (1.13) 61.9 (1.25) 52.4 (2.61) 68.5 (1.01) 70.4 (1.11) 61.2 (2.37) 81.9 (1.32) 81.3 (1.48) 35.6 (7.03) 78.0 (2.66) 87

$30,000 to $34,999.......... 59.1 (1.08) 61.3 (1.20) 50.5 (2.46) 67.6 (0.97) 71.0 (1.05) 53.9 (2.31) 82.2 (1.33) 82.5 (1.46) 40.1 (7.16) 78.5 (2.67) 90

$35,000 to $39,999.......... 60.7 (1.11) 63.3 (1.21) 49.0 (2.67) 69.0 (0.98) 71.1 (1.08) 60.4 (2.35) 87.1 (1.17) 87.5 (1.30) 54.8 (7.43) 85.2 (2.37) 94

$40,000 to $49,999.......... 59.3 (0.94) 60.8 (1.04) 53.1 (2.12) 70.5 (0.79) 72.6 (0.85) 60.9 (1.99) 83.5 (1.08) 84.2 (1.18) 47.1 (6.20) 80.0 (2.29) 90

$50,000 to $74,999.......... 62.6 (0.73) 64.9 (0.82) 55.0 (1.58) 71.7 (0.57) 74.2 (0.63) 63.2 (1.28) 83.8 (0.71) 84.0 (0.80) 35.7 (3.64) 80.5 (1.53) 92

$75,000 or more .............. 64.6 (0.90) 67.0 (1.04) 58.2 (1.78) 72.1 (0.60) 75.1 (0.68) 63.9 (1.25) 85.6 (0.57) 85.6 (0.65) 39.2 (2.98) 85.3 (1.15) 92

Control of school

Public ............................... 60.2 (0.34) 61.6 (0.40) 54.0 (0.80) 70.2 (0.28) 72.1 (0.33) 62.3 (0.68) 85.2 (0.21) 85.4 (0.25) 47.7 (1.61) 80.5 (0.48) 90

Private.............................. 52.1 (0.85) 49.8 (1.10) 57.3 (1.52) 60.7 (0.73) 58.6 (0.96) 65.2 (1.27) 75.4 (0.60) 70.5 (0.82) 37.1 (1.61) 77.5 (1.33) 89

Percent of students using computers at home

Total............................. 27.0 (0.28) 24.5 (0.33) 36.2 (0.65) 45.1 (0.29) 42.8 (0.34) 53.2 (0.62) 70.7 (0.24) 67.6 (0.30) 49.9 (1.16) 62.5 (0.55) 7

Sex

Male ................................. 27.4 (0.39) 24.3 (0.45) 40.1 (0.99) 45.2 (0.40) 43.2 (0.48) 53.7 (0.93) 70.1 (0.35) 66.8 (0.43) 50.2 (1.59) 62.5 (0.77) 70

Female............................. 26.6 (0.39) 24.7 (0.47) 33.0 (0.87) 44.9 (0.40) 42.5 (0.49) 52.8 (0.83) 71.2 (0.34) 68.3 (0.43) 49.6 (1.69) 62.6 (0.79) 73

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 32.8 (0.35) 30.8 (0.42) 39.2 (0.76) 54.9 (0.35) 53.9 (0.43) 58.2 (0.72) 80.1 (0.27) 78.3 (0.34) 59.6 (1.43) 74.6 (0.64) 8

Black ................................ 10.9 (0.59) 8.7 (0.54) 22.7 (2.01) 21.1 (0.64) 19.1 (0.62) 31.0 (1.75) 50.2 (0.74) 46.2 (0.88) 31.7 (2.96) 41.6 (1.55) 50Hispanic ........................... 10.4 (0.90) 7.9 (0.62) 25.0 (3.31) 21.1 (0.74) 18.3 (0.54) 38.8 (2.40) 51.1 (0.76) 47.5 (0.88) 25.8 (2.88) 41.7 (1.46) 52Other................................ 28.7 (2.00) 25.8 (2.16) 36.0 (3.99) 49.1 (1.38) 46.5 (1.52) 56.3 (2.66) 74.6 (0.91) 71.3 (1.19) 57.5 (4.73) 61.6 (2.16) 75

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes students enrolled in prekindergarten through grade 12, ages 3 and above.2Includes students enrolled at the undergraduate and postbaccalaureate levels.3Excludes persons whose income data were not available.

NOTE: Data are based on a sample survey of households and are subject to sexclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population October 2003, unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared May 2005.)

Family income3

Less than $5,000 ............. 9.7 (0.76) 4.3 (0.59) 28.3 (2.43) 22.6 (1.04) 15.2 (1.04) 43.7 (2.43) 44.1 (2.36) 29.8 (2.62) 20.5 (7.74) 29.9 (4.24) 29

$5,000 to $9,999.............. 8.0 (0.56) 4.2 (0.46) 25.0 (2.08) 15.8 (0.77) 9.3 (0.68) 42.9 (2.39) 47.0 (1.97) 36.6 (2.20) 31.0 (7.14) 30.7 (3.66) 4

$10,000 to $14,999.......... 11.4 (0.64) 6.7 (0.56) 33.4 (2.26) 18.4 (0.78) 13.6 (0.77) 39.7 (2.32) 47.0 (1.77) 39.3 (1.96) 36.4 (6.93) 32.8 (3.33) 43$15,000 to $19,999.......... 15.1 (0.84) 11.2 (0.82) 31.0 (2.44) 20.7 (0.94) 16.5 (0.95) 41.2 (2.77) 48.3 (2.02) 40.8 (2.25) 16.5 (5.95) 33.4 (3.67) 49

$20,000 to $24,999.......... 16.8 (0.79) 13.6 (0.80) 31.0 (2.27) 30.5 (0.97) 26.2 (1.04) 47.5 (2.34) 53.1 (1.80) 46.6 (2.02) 27.1 (6.29) 41.1 (3.33) 52

$25,000 to $29,999.......... 21.1 (0.92) 19.1 (0.99) 29.0 (2.28) 34.6 (1.03) 32.0 (1.13) 45.0 (2.42) 59.0 (1.69) 54.7 (1.89) 40.6 (7.21) 47.7 (3.21) 59

$30,000 to $34,999.......... 24.1 (0.92) 22.6 (1.02) 29.7 (2.15) 38.7 (1.01) 36.1 (1.11) 49.2 (2.32) 64.2 (1.66) 61.5 (1.87) 41.4 (7.19) 54.7 (3.23) 64

$35,000 to $39,999.......... 27.1 (0.99) 24.9 (1.08) 36.1 (2.44) 44.1 (1.06) 42.6 (1.17) 50.5 (2.40) 70.0 (1.60) 67.8 (1.83) 49.0 (7.46) 63.0 (3.23) 7

$40,000 to $49,999.......... 32.2 (0.87) 31.6 (0.98) 34.4 (1.92) 50.6 (0.86) 50.4 (0.95) 51.7 (2.04) 75.9 (1.25) 73.4 (1.43) 54.6 (6.18) 68.9 (2.65) 77

$50,000 to $74,999.......... 43.0 (0.74) 42.9 (0.84) 43.5 (1.52) 61.7 (0.62) 62.2 (0.70) 59.9 (1.30) 81.3 (0.75) 79.5 (0.88) 58.9 (3.74) 74.9 (1.67) 83

$75,000 or more .............. 56.1 (0.92) 58.1 (1.08) 50.9 (1.74) 74.2 (0.59) 77.2 (0.66) 65.8 (1.23) 88.6 (0.51) 87.6 (0.61) 66.1 (2.89) 85.3 (1.15) 9

Control of school

Public ............................... 25.3 (0.29) 23.0 (0.34) 34.5 (0.73) 43.2 (0.31) 40.9 (0.37) 52.4 (0.70) 69.3 (0.27) 66.3 (0.33) 41.1 (1.58) 60.4 (0.59) 70

Private.............................. 37.4 (0.80) 35.0 (1.03) 42.5 (1.45) 56.1 (0.75) 56.1 (0.97) 56.1 (1.32) 78.3 (0.57) 75.6 (0.77) 59.3 (1.63) 77.3 (1.34) 84

Percent of students using computers at home for school work

Total........................... 14.8 (0.22) 12.0 (0.25) 25.0 (0.59) 28.6 (0.26) 24.8 (0.30) 42.5 (0.61) 53.6 (0.27) 47.2 (0.32) 7.5 (0.61) 26.2 (0.50) 60

Sex

Male ................................. 14.7 (0.31) 11.4 (0.34) 28.2 (0.91) 28.3 (0.37) 24.7 (0.42) 43.3 (0.92) 51.8 (0.38) 45.6 (0.45) 7.5 (0.83) 25.4 (0.69) 58

Female............................. 14.8 (0.32) 12.5 (0.36) 22.4 (0.77) 28.9 (0.37) 24.9 (0.43) 41.9 (0.82) 55.4 (0.37) 48.9 (0.47) 7.6 (0.89) 27.1 (0.72) 63

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 18.0 (0.29) 15.1 (0.33) 27.4 (0.70) 35.0 (0.34) 31.3 (0.40) 47.0 (0.72) 60.4 (0.33) 54.1 (0.42) 7.3 (0.76) 29.1 (0.67) 70

Black ................................ 5.7 (0.44) 4.3 (0.39) 13.4 (1.64) 12.5 (0.51) 10.4 (0.48) 22.8 (1.59) 39.8 (0.73) 34.6 (0.84) 8.2 (1.75) 22.5 (1.32) 43

Hispanic ........................... 5.6 (0.68) 3.6 (0.42) 17.8 (2.92) 12.5 (0.60) 9.8 (0.42) 29.2 (2.24) 38.3 (0.74) 33.5 (0.83) 6.7 (1.65) 20.2 (1.19) 42

Other................................ 15.8 (1.61) 12.4 (1.63) 24.5 (3.57) 33.6 (1.31) 29.3 (1.39) 45.3 (2.67) 57.2 (1.03) 49.4 (1.31) 10.3 (2.91) 26.8 (1.97) 60

Family income3

Less than $5,000 ............. 6.6 (0.64) 2.4 (0.45) 21.1 (2.20) 15.1 (0.89) 8.0 (0.79) 35.5 (2.35) 36.5 (2.29) 19.4 (2.27) 4.2 (3.83) 14.4 (3.25) 22

$5,000 to $9,999.............. 4.7 (0.44) 1.5 (0.28) 18.8 (1.88) 10.4 (0.65) 4.2 (0.47) 36.5 (2.32) 36.5 (1.90) 24.1 (1.96) 4.0 (3.01) 14.0 (2.75) 32

$10,000 to $14,999.......... 7.2 (0.52) 3.0 (0.38) 27.1 (2.14) 11.4 (0.64) 6.7 (0.56) 32.4 (2.22) 36.9 (1.71) 27.1 (1.78) 14.3 (5.04) 14.4 (2.49) 34

$15,000 to $19,999.......... 8.5 (0.65) 5.6 (0.60) 20.5 (2.12) 13.2 (0.79) 8.5 (0.72) 36.0 (2.70) 37.2 (1.95) 27.4 (2.04) 0.7 (1.36) 10.8 (2.42) 40

$20,000 to $24,999.......... 9.7 (0.62) 6.3 (0.57) 24.5 (2.11) 19.4 (0.83) 15.0 (0.84) 37.1 (2.26) 40.5 (1.77) 31.9 (1.89) 8.2 (3.89) 18.9 (2.65) 40

$25,000 to $29,999.......... 10.3 (0.69) 7.5 (0.66) 21.4 (2.06) 21.9 (0.90) 18.4 (0.94) 35.7 (2.33) 43.4 (1.70) 36.9 (1.84) 8.3 (4.05) 18.0 (2.47) 48$30,000 to $34,999.......... 12.9 (0.72) 10.8 (0.75) 20.8 (1.91) 24.4 (0.89) 20.3 (0.93) 40.5 (2.28) 46.8 (1.73) 41.8 (1.89) 8.8 (4.13) 20.4 (2.61) 55$35,000 to $39,999.......... 15.2 (0.80) 12.9 (0.83) 24.6 (2.20) 26.5 (0.94) 22.8 (0.99) 41.7 (2.37) 50.9 (1.75) 45.5 (1.96) 7.0 (3.82) 25.9 (2.93) 58$40,000 to $49,999.......... 17.1 (0.70) 15.4 (0.76) 23.3 (1.71) 30.1 (0.79) 28.3 (0.86) 38.5 (1.99) 56.9 (1.44) 51.6 (1.62) 12.9 (4.16) 26.3 (2.52) 67

$50,000 to $74,999.......... 23.1 (0.63) 21.4 (0.70) 28.7 (1.38) 39.3 (0.62) 36.7 (0.70) 48.2 (1.32) 60.9 (0.94) 55.0 (1.09) 4.8 (1.63) 30.2 (1.77) 7

$75,000 or more .............. 30.2 (0.85) 29.5 (1.00) 32.0 (1.63) 48.3 (0.67) 47.3 (0.78) 51.3 (1.30) 68.2 (0.75) 62.8 (0.89) 6.5 (1.51) 36.2 (1.56) 83

Control of school

Public ............................... 14.1 (0.24) 11.7 (0.26) 24.1 (0.66) 27.9 (0.28) 24.5 (0.32) 41.9 (0.69) 53.4 (0.29) 47.8 (0.35) 8.0 (0.87) 25.4 (0.53) 59

Private.............................. 18.5 (0.65) 13.8 (0.75) 28.5 (1.33) 32.6 (0.70) 26.9 (0.87) 44.6 (1.32) 54.7 (0.69) 43.3 (0.89) 7.1 (0.85) 32.3 (1.50) 76

Table 19. Student use of computers, by level of enrollment, age, and student and school characteristics: 1993, 1997, and 2003—ContinuedStudent and schoolcharacteristic

1993 1997 2003

Total

Elementary

and

secondary1 College2 Total

Elementary

and

secondary1 College2 Total

Elementary and secondary1

Total

Under 5

years old

5 to 9

years old

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
42 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Population

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Population

1Revised from previously published figures.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates as of July 1.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Reports,

Series P-25, Nos. 1000, 1022, 1045, 1057, 1059, 1092, and 1095; and 2000 through 2010

Population Estimates, retrieved September 10, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/popest/

national/asrh/2009-nat-res.html. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 20. Estimates of resident population, by age group: 1970 through 2010

[In thousands]

Year

Total,

all ages

Total,

3 to 34

years old

3 and 4

years old

5 and 6

years old

7 to 13

years old

14 to 17

years old

18 and 19

years old

20 and 21

years old

22 to 24

years old

25 to 29

years old

30 to 34

years old

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1970...................................... 205,052 109,592 6,961 7,703 28,969 15,924 7,510 7,210 9,992 13,736 11,587

1971...................................... 207,661 111,202 6,805 7,344 28,892 16,328 7,715 7,350 10,809 14,041 11,917

1972...................................... 209,896 112,807 6,789 7,051 28,628 16,639 7,923 7,593 10,560 15,240 12,383

1973...................................... 211,909 114,426 6,938 6,888 28,158 16,867 8,114 7,796 10,725 15,786 13,153

1974...................................... 213,854 116,075 7,117 6,864 27,600 17,035 8,257 8,003 10,972 16,521 13,704

1975...................................... 215,973 117,435 6,912 7,013 26,905 17,128 8,478 8,196 11,331 17,280 14,191

1976...................................... 218,035 118,474 6,436 7,195 26,321 17,119 8,659 8,336 11,650 18,274 14,485

1977...................................... 220,239 119,261 6,190 6,978 25,877 17,045 8,675 8,550 11,949 18,277 15,721

1978...................................... 222,585 119,833 6,208 6,500 25,594 16,946 8,677 8,730 12,216 18,683 16,280

1979...................................... 225,055 120,544 6,252 6,256 25,175 16,611 8,751 8,754 12,542 19,178 17,025

1980...................................... 227,225 121,132 6,366 6,291 24,800 16,143 8,718 8,669 12,716 19,686 17,743

1981...................................... 229,466 121,999 6,535 6,315 24,396 15,609 8,582 8,759 12,903 20,169 18,731

1982...................................... 231,664 121,823 6,658 6,407 24,121 15,057 8,480 8,768 12,914 20,704 18,714

1983...................................... 233,792 122,302 6,877 6,572 23,709 14,740 8,290 8,652 12,981 21,414 19,067

1984...................................... 235,825 122,254 7,045 6,694 23,367 14,725 7,932 8,567 12,962 21,459 19,503

1985...................................... 237,924 122,512 7,134 6,916 22,976 14,888 7,637 8,370 12,895 21,671 20,025

1986...................................... 240,133 122,688 7,187 7,086 22,992 14,824 7,483 8,024 12,720 21,893 20,479

1987...................................... 242,289 122,672 7,132 7,178 23,325 14,502 7,502 7,742 12,450 21,857 20,984

1988...................................... 244,499 122,713 7,176 7,238 23,791 14,023 7,701 7,606 12,048 21,739 21,391

1989...................................... 246,819 122,655 7,315 7,184 24,228 13,536 7,898 7,651 11,607 21,560 21,676

1990...................................... 249,623 122,787 7,359 7,244 24,785 13,329 7,702 7,886 11,264 21,277 21,939

1991...................................... 252,981 123,210 7,444 7,393 25,216 13,491 7,208 8,029 11,205 20,923 22,301

1992...................................... 256,514 123,722 7,614 7,447 25,752 13,775 6,949 7,797 11,391 20,503 22,494

1993...................................... 259,919 124,371 7,887 7,549 26,212 14,096 6,985 7,333 11,657 20,069 22,584

1994...................................... 263,126 124,976 8,089 7,725 26,492 14,637 7,047 7,071 11,585 19,740 22,590

1995...................................... 266,278 125,478 8,107 8,000 26,825 15,013 7,182 7,103 11,197 19,680 22,372

1996...................................... 269,394 125,924 8,022 8,206 27,168 15,443 7,399 7,161 10,715 19,864 21,945

1997...................................... 272,647 126,422 7,915 8,232 27,683 15,769 7,569 7,309 10,601 19,899 21,446

1998...................................... 275,854 126,939 7,841 8,152 28,302 15,829 7,892 7,520 10,647 19,804 20,953

1999...................................... 279,040 127,446 7,772 8,041 28,763 16,007 8,094 7,683 10,908 19,575 20,603

20001 .................................... 282,172 128,056 7,732 7,979 29,073 16,131 8,191 7,997 11,129 19,295 20,530

20011 .................................... 285,082 128,566 7,675 7,916 29,169 16,221 8,200 8,294 11,508 18,899 20,685

20021 .................................... 287,804 129,113 7,697 7,809 29,172 16,401 8,171 8,340 11,977 18,830 20,716

20031 .................................... 290,326 129,548 7,794 7,744 29,031 16,544 8,227 8,314 12,371 18,971 20,551

20041 .................................... 293,046 130,207 8,040 7,758 28,638 16,854 8,327 8,292 12,666 19,372 20,260

20051 .................................... 295,753 130,548 8,165 7,852 28,310 17,104 8,324 8,361 12,721 19,866 19,846

20061 .................................... 298,593 131,046 8,164 8,099 28,059 17,239 8,380 8,466 12,696 20,511 19,433

20071 .................................... 301,580 131,796 8,272 8,227 27,953 17,239 8,517 8,453 12,764 21,018 19,353

20081 .................................... 304,375 132,666 8,341 8,224 28,073 16,980 8,768 8,500 12,822 21,442 19,516

20091 .................................... 307,007 133,631 8,404 8,325 28,163 16,761 8,872 8,631 12,908 21,678 19,889

2010...................................... 309,629 134,595 8,585 8,391 28,345 16,550 8,745 8,879 12,947 21,782 20,370
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 43

Population

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Included under Asian.

2Data on persons of two or more races were collected beginning in 2000. Direct comparability

of the data (other than Hispanic) prior to 2000 with the data for 2000 and later years is limited by

the extent to which people reporting more than one race in later years had been reported in

specific race groups in earlier years.

NOTE: Resident population includes civilian population and armed forces personnel residing

within the United States; it excludes armed forces personnel residing overseas. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Estimates as of July 1.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Population Estimates, retrieved

September 10, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/2009-nat-res.html.

(This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 21. Estimates of resident population, by race/ethnicity and age group: Selected years, 1980 through 2010

Year and age group

Number (in thousands) Percentage distribution

Total White Black

Hispanic AsianPacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races Total White Black

Hispanic AsianPacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Total

1980............................... 227,225 181,140 26,215 14,869 3,665 (1) 1,336 — 100.0 79.7 11.5 6.5 1.6 (1) 0.6 —

1990............................... 249,623 188,725 29,439 22,573 7,092 (1) 1,793 — 100.0 75.6 11.8 9.0 2.8 (1) 0.7 —

1995............................... 266,278 194,389 32,500 28,158 9,188 (1) 2,044 — 100.0 73.0 12.2 10.6 3.5 (1) 0.8 —

20002.............................. 282,172 195,763 34,405 35,642 10,453 369 2,104 3,436 100.0 69.4 12.2 12.6 3.7 0.1 0.7 1.2

20032.............................. 290,326 197,146 35,442 39,786 11,583 395 2,185 3,789 100.0 67.9 12.2 13.7 4.0 0.1 0.8 1.3

20042.............................. 293,046 197,648 35,801 41,139 11,929 404 2,213 3,912 100.0 67.4 12.2 14.0 4.1 0.1 0.8 1.3

20052.............................. 295,753 198,074 36,150 42,552 12,289 413 2,242 4,034 100.0 67.0 12.2 14.4 4.2 0.1 0.8 1.4

20062.............................. 298,593 198,549 36,524 44,017 12,648 422 2,271 4,161 100.0 66.5 12.2 14.7 4.2 0.1 0.8 1.4

20072.............................. 301,580 199,109 36,931 45,508 13,003 431 2,302 4,295 100.0 66.0 12.2 15.1 4.3 0.1 0.8 1.4

20082.............................. 304,375 199,529 37,319 46,979 13,349 440 2,332 4,428 100.0 65.6 12.3 15.4 4.4 0.1 0.8 1.5

20092.............................. 307,007 199,851 37,682 48,419 13,686 449 2,361 4,559 100.0 65.1 12.3 15.8 4.5 0.1 0.8 1.5

20102.............................. 309,629 200,141 38,045 49,877 14,022 457 2,389 4,698 100.0 64.6 12.3 16.1 4.5 0.1 0.8 1.5

Under 5 years old

1980............................... 16,451 11,904 2,413 1,677 319 (1) 137 — 100.0 72.4 14.7 10.2 1.9 (1) 0.8 —

1990............................... 18,856 12,757 2,825 2,497 593 (1

) 184 — 100.0 67.7 15.0 13.2 3.1 (1) 1.0 —

1995............................... 19,627 12,415 3,050 3,245 734 (1) 182 — 100.0 63.3 15.5 16.5 3.7 (1) 0.9 —

20002.............................. 19,204 11,268 2,756 3,755 687 29 172 535 100.0 58.7 14.4 19.6 3.6 0.2 0.9 2.8

20032.............................. 19,940 11,206 2,761 4,367 799 33 176 598 100.0 56.2 13.8 21.9 4.0 0.2 0.9 3.0

20042.............................. 20,243 11,214 2,768 4,593 841 34 178 616 100.0 55.4 13.7 22.7 4.2 0.2 0.9 3.0

20052.............................. 20,484 11,183 2,773 4,802 877 35 182 633 100.0 54.6 13.5 23.4 4.3 0.2 0.9 3.1

20062.............................. 20,613 11,104 2,772 4,975 896 35 185 646 100.0 53.9 13.4 24.1 4.3 0.2 0.9 3.1

20072.............................. 20,921 11,112 2,816 5,180 922 36 189 667 100.0 53.1 13.5 24.8 4.4 0.2 0.9 3.2

20082.............................. 21,153 11,070 2,869 5,356 945 37 192 684 100.0 52.3 13.6 25.3 4.5 0.2 0.9 3.2

20092.............................. 21,300 11,016 2,909 5,485 960 37 195 698 100.0 51.7 13.7 25.8 4.5 0.2 0.9 3.3

20102.............................. 21,489 11,009 2,955 5,600 974 38 197 718 100.0 51.2 13.8 26.1 4.5 0.2 0.9 3.3

5 to 17 years old

1980............................... 47,232 35,220 6,840 4,005 790 (1) 377 — 100.0 74.6 14.5 8.5 1.7 (1) 0.8 —

1990............................... 45,359 —————————————— —

1995............................... 49,838 —————————————— —

20002.............................. 53,182 33,016 7,990 8,688 1,827 85 522 1,053 100.0 62.1 15.0 16.3 3.4 0.2 1.0 2.0

20032.............................. 53,319 32,218 7,971 9,441 1,935 85 506 1,162 100.0 60.4 14.9 17.7 3.6 0.2 0.9 2.2

20042.............................. 53,249 31,887 7,936 9,676 1,964 85 499 1,202 100.0 59.9 14.9 18.2 3.7 0.2 0.9 2.3

20052.............................. 53,265 31,578 7,902 9,958 2,005 86 493 1,244 100.0 59.3 14.8 18.7 3.8 0.2 0.9 2.3

20062.............................. 53,397 31,305 7,869 10,300 2,059 86 488 1,289 100.0 58.6 14.7 19.3 3.9 0.2 0.9 2.4

20072.............................. 53,419 30,970 7,803 10,638 2,107 87 482 1,332 100.0 58.0 14.6 19.9 3.9 0.2 0.9 2.5

20082.............................. 53,277 30,554 7,685 10,943 2,160 88 475 1,372 100.0 57.3 14.4 20.5 4.1 0.2 0.9 2.6

20092.............................. 53,249 30,209 7,584 11,265 2,218 88 470 1,414 100.0 56.7 14.2 21.2 4.2 0.2 0.9 2.7

20102.............................. 53,286 29,893 7,496 11,609 2,276 89 466 1,457 100.0 56.1 14.1 21.8 4.3 0.2 0.9 2.7

18 to 24 years old

1980............................... 30,103 23,278 3,872 2,284 468 (1) 201 — 100.0 77.3 12.9 7.6 1.6 (1) 0.7 —

1990............................... 26,853 —————————————— —

1995............................... 25,482 —————————————— —

20002.............................. 27,317 16,927 3,782 4,779 1,152 50 239 387 100.0 62.0 13.8 17.5 4.2 0.2 0.9 1.4

20032.............................. 28,912 17,834 4,045 5,057 1,210 51 264 450 100.0 61.7 14.0 17.5 4.2 0.2 0.9 1.6

20042.............................. 29,286 18,053 4,114 5,115 1,212 51 272 469 100.0 61.6 14.0 17.5 4.1 0.2 0.9 1.6

20052.............................. 29,405 18,097 4,145 5,146 1,208 50 276 484 100.0 61.5 14.1 17.5 4.1 0.2 0.9 1.6

20062.............................. 29,541 18,116 4,195 5,196 1,206 50 280 498 100.0 61.3 14.2 17.6 4.1 0.2 0.9 1.7

20072.............................. 29,734 18,167 4,264 5,248 1,208 50 284 514 100.0 61.1 14.3 17.6 4.1 0.2 1.0 1.7

20082.............................. 30,090 18,278 4,367 5,360 1,215 50 287 533 100.0 60.7 14.5 17.8 4.0 0.2 1.0 1.8

20092.............................. 30,412 18,335 4,457 5,503 1,224 51 289 553 100.0 60.3 14.7 18.1 4.0 0.2 1.0 1.8

20102.............................. 30,572 18,252 4,520 5,653 1,235 51 290 571 100.0 59.7 14.8 18.5 4.0 0.2 0.9 1.9

25 years old and over 

1980............................... 133,438 110,737 13,091 6,903 2,088 (1

) 620 — 100.0 83.0 9.8 5.2 1.6 (1) 0.5 —

1990............................... 158,555 125,653 16,322 11,447 4,190 (1) 944 — 100.0 79.2 10.3 7.2 2.6 (1) 0.6 —

1995............................... 171,332 131,839 18,250 14,519 5,628 (1

) 1,096 — 100.0 76.9 10.7 8.5 3.3 (1) 0.6 —

20002.............................. 182,470 134,551 19,877 18,420 6,787 205 1,171 1,460 100.0 73.7 10.9 10.1 3.7 0.1 0.6 0.8

20032.............................. 188,156 135,887 20,664 20,920 7,639 226 1,239 1,580 100.0 72.2 11.0 11.1 4.1 0.1 0.7 0.8

20042.............................. 190,267 136,494 20,982 21,755 7,912 234 1,264 1,626 100.0 71.7 11.0 11.4 4.2 0.1 0.7 0.9

20052.............................. 192,599 137,216 21,330 22,647 8,199 242 1,290 1,674 100.0 71.2 11.1 11.8 4.3 0.1 0.7 0.9

20062.............................. 195,042 138,025 21,687 23,546 8,488 250 1,318 1,727 100.0 70.8 11.1 12.1 4.4 0.1 0.7 0.9

20072.............................. 197,506 138,861 22,049 24,443 8,765 258 1,347 1,783 100.0 70.3 11.2 12.4 4.4 0.1 0.7 0.9

20082.............................. 199,855 139,628 22,398 25,319 9,029 265 1,378 1,839 100.0 69.9 11.2 12.7 4.5 0.1 0.7 0.9

20092.............................. 202,046 140,291 22,731 26,167 9,285 272 1,407 1,894 100.0 69.4 11.3 13.0 4.6 0.1 0.7 0.9

20102.............................. 204,282 140,987 23,075 27,016 9,537 280 1,436 1,952 100.0 69.0 11.3 13.2 4.7 0.1 0.7 1.0
44 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Population

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1As of April 1.

2Estimates as of July 1.

NOTE: Resident population includes civilian population and armed forces personnel residing within the United States and within each state; it excludes armed forces personnel

residing overseas. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail

may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Reports,

Series P-25, No. 1095; CPH-L-74 (1990 data); and 2000 through 2009 Population Estimates, retrieved September 10, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/popest/datasets.html.

(This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 22. Estimated total and school-age resident populations, by state: Selected years, 1970 through 2009

[In thousands]

State

Total, all ages 5- to 17-year-olds

19701 19801 19901 20002 20052 20072 20082 20092 19701 19801 19901 20002 20052 20072 20082 20092

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

United States ............ 203,302 226,546 248,765 282,172 295,753 301,580 304,375 307,007 52,540 47,407 45,178 53,182 53,265 53,419 53,277 53,249

Alabama ............................ 3,444 3,894 4,040 4,452 4,545 4,638 4,677 4,709 934 866 774 827 811 819 816 814

Alaska................................ 303 402 550 627 669 682 688 698 88 92 117 143 135 131 128 129

Arizona .............................. 1,775 2,718 3,665 5,167 5,975 6,362 6,499 6,596 486 578 686 991 1,111 1,180 1,201 1,214

Arkansas............................ 1,923 2,286 2,351 2,678 2,776 2,842 2,868 2,889 498 496 455 499 497 504 504 505

California ........................... 19,971 23,668 29,786 33,995 35,795 36,226 36,580 36,962 4,999 4,681 5,344 6,775 6,809 6,732 6,699 6,682

Colorado ............................ 2,210 2,890 3,294 4,328 4,661 4,842 4,935 5,025 589 592 607 808 821 843 852 863

Connecticut........................ 3,032 3,108 3,287 3,412 3,477 3,489 3,503 3,518 768 638 520 619 620 609 603 598

Delaware............................ 548 594 666 786 840 865 876 885 148 125 114 143 146 147 147 147

District of Columbia ........... 757 638 607 572 582 586 590 600 164 109 80 82 80 78 76 77

Florida................................ 6,791 9,746 12,938 16,047 17,784 18,278 18,424 18,538 1,609 1,789 2,011 2,708 2,889 2,926 2,907 2,892

Georgia.............................. 4,588 5,463 6,478 8,230 9,097 9,534 9,698 9,829 1,223 1,231 1,230 1,581 1,717 1,798 1,816 1,833

Hawaii................................ 770 965 1,108 1,212 1,266 1,277 1,287 1,295 204 198 196 217 207 204 202 201

Idaho.................................. 713 944 1,007 1,300 1,426 1,499 1,528 1,546 200 213 228 272 279 289 292 294

Illinois................................. 11,110 11,427 11,431 12,438 12,674 12,779 12,843 12,910 2,859 2,401 2,095 2,369 2,322 2,305 2,291 2,283

Indiana............................... 5,195 5,490 5,544 6,092 6,253 6,346 6,388 6,423 1,386 1,200 1,056 1,152 1,145 1,150 1,146 1,144

Iowa ................................... 2,825 2,914 2,777 2,928 2,949 2,979 2,994 3,008 743 604 525 545 519 514 511 509

Kansas............................... 2,249 2,364 2,478 2,693 2,742 2,776 2,797 2,819 573 468 472 525 503 501 498 500

Kentucky ............................ 3,221 3,661 3,687 4,049 4,182 4,256 4,288 4,314 844 800 703 729 723 727 728 726

Louisiana ........................... 3,645 4,206 4,222 4,469 4,498 4,376 4,452 4,492 1,041 969 891 901 841 798 804 804

Maine................................. 994 1,125 1,228 1,277 1,312 1,317 1,320 1,318 260 243 223 231 216 209 204 200

Maryland............................ 3,924 4,217 4,781 5,311 5,583 5,634 5,659 5,699 1,038 895 803 1,004 1,008 991 978 971

Massachusetts................... 5,689 5,737 6,016 6,363 6,453 6,499 6,544 6,594 1,407 1,153 940 1,104 1,081 1,064 1,054 1,047

Michigan ............................ 8,882 9,262 9,295 9,955 10,091 10,051 10,002 9,970 2,450 2,067 1,754 1,924 1,865 1,814 1,770 1,734

Minnesota .......................... 3,806 4,076 4,376 4,934 5,107 5,191 5,231 5,266 1,051 865 829 959 919 907 900 897

Mississippi ......................... 2,217 2,521 2,575 2,848 2,900 2,922 2,940 2,952 635 599 550 571 553 550 546 545

Missouri ............................. 4,678 4,917 5,117 5,606 5,807 5,910 5,956 5,988 1,183 1,008 944 1,058 1,040 1,039 1,033 1,028

Montana............................. 694 787 799 903 935 957 968 975 197 167 163 175 162 160 159 157

Nebraska ........................... 1,485 1,570 1,578 1,713 1,752 1,770 1,782 1,797 389 324 309 333 318 316 316 317

Nevada .............................. 489 800 1,202 2,018 2,409 2,568 2,616 2,643 127 160 204 369 439 468 474 477

New Hampshire ................. 738 921 1,109 1,240 1,301 1,317 1,322 1,325 189 196 194 234 229 223 218 214

New Jersey ........................ 7,171 7,365 7,748 8,431 8,622 8,636 8,663 8,708 1,797 1,528 1,269 1,524 1,535 1,509 1,496 1,491

New Mexico ....................... 1,017 1,303 1,515 1,821 1,917 1,969 1,987 2,010 311 303 320 377 358 357 357 358

New York............................ 18,241 17,558 17,991 18,998 19,331 19,423 19,468 19,541 4,358 3,552 3,000 3,448 3,352 3,283 3,233 3,201

North Carolina ................... 5,084 5,882 6,632 8,079 8,669 9,064 9,247 9,381 1,323 1,254 1,147 1,427 1,515 1,581 1,599 1,613

North Dakota ..................... 618 653 639 641 635 638 641 647 175 136 127 121 107 103 101 101

Ohio ................................... 10,657 10,798 10,847 11,364 11,475 11,521 11,528 11,543 2,820 2,307 2,012 2,132 2,058 2,025 1,997 1,975

Oklahoma .......................... 2,559 3,025 3,146 3,454 3,533 3,612 3,644 3,687 640 622 609 656 633 641 642 647

Oregon............................... 2,092 2,633 2,842 3,431 3,618 3,733 3,783 3,826 534 525 521 624 621 626 626 625

Pennsylvania...................... 11,801 11,864 11,883 12,286 12,418 12,523 12,566 12,605 2,925 2,376 1,996 2,192 2,109 2,075 2,050 2,028

Rhode Island ..................... 950 947 1,003 1,051 1,065 1,055 1,054 1,053 225 186 159 184 179 172 169 167

South Carolina................... 2,591 3,122 3,486 4,024 4,256 4,424 4,503 4,561 720 703 662 746 753 766 767 770

South Dakota..................... 666 691 696 756 780 797 805 812 187 147 144 152 142 141 140 140

Tennessee ......................... 3,926 4,591 4,877 5,703 5,996 6,173 6,240 6,296 1,002 972 882 1,025 1,048 1,066 1,069 1,068

Texas ................................. 11,199 14,229 16,986 20,946 22,802 23,838 24,304 24,782 3,002 3,137 3,437 4,277 4,446 4,646 4,726 4,822

Utah ................................... 1,059 1,461 1,723 2,244 2,500 2,664 2,727 2,785 312 350 457 511 533 568 582 595

Vermont ............................. 445 511 563 610 619 620 621 622 118 109 102 114 103 98 96 94

Virginia............................... 4,651 5,347 6,189 7,105 7,564 7,720 7,795 7,883 1,197 1,114 1,060 1,279 1,307 1,312 1,310 1,314

Washington........................ 3,413 4,132 4,867 5,911 6,261 6,465 6,566 6,664 881 826 893 1,121 1,112 1,117 1,116 1,119

West Virginia...................... 1,744 1,950 1,793 1,807 1,804 1,811 1,815 1,820 442 414 337 300 283 282 281 280

Wisconsin .......................... 4,418 4,706 4,892 5,374 5,541 5,602 5,628 5,655 1,203 1,011 927 1,027 980 965 954 946

Wyoming............................ 332 470 454 494 506 523 533 544 92 101 101 98 89 89 90 92
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 45

Characteristics of Families With Children

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Characteristics of Families With Childre

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

!Interpret data with caution.

NOTE: Own children are never-married sons and daughters, including stepchildren and

adopted children, of the householder or married couple. Detail may not sum to totals because

of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Reports,

Series P20, Household and Family Characteristics: 1995; and America’s Families and Living

Arrangements: 2000 and 2005–2009, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and

Economic Supplement, retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/population/

www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2009.html. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 23. Number and percentage distribution of family households, by family structure and presence of own children under 18: Selected years, 

1970 through 2009

Family structure and 

presence of children 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009

Change, 1970

to 1990

Change, 1990

to 2009

1 23456789 10 11

Number (in thousands) Percent change

All families ................... 51,456 (257.3) 59,550 (271.4) 66,090 (307.8) 72,025 (311.6) 77,010 (226.6) 78,425 (227.5) 77,873 (240.1) 78,850 (241.0) 28.4 (0.88) 19.3 (0.66)

Married-couple families......... 44,728 (243.6) 49,112 (252.7) 52,317 (283.3) 55,311 (289.5) 58,109 (210.4) 58,945 (211.3) 58,370 (218.6) 59,118 (219.6) 17.0 (0.90) 13.0 (0.74)

Without own children 

under 18...................... 19,196 (168.7) 24,151 (187.3) 27,780 (218.1) 30,062 (230.5) 31,929 (168.8) 32,787 (170.6) 33,197 (174.7) 33,989 (176.5) 44.7 (1.71) 22.4 (1.15)

With own children under 18 25,532 (192.0) 24,961 (190.1) 24,537 (206.4) 25,248 (214.1) 26,180 (155.3) 26,158 (155.2) 25,173 (154.7) 25,129 (154.6) -3.9 (1.08) 2.4 ! (1.07)

One own child under 18.. 8,163 (112.5) 9,671 (122.0) 9,583 (133.0) 9,402 (136.2) 9,885 (99.6) 10,127 (100.7) 9,733 (99.3) 9,732 (99.3) 17.4 (2.30) 1.6 ! (1.75)

Two own children 

under 18.................. 8,045 (111.7) 9,488 (120.9) 9,784 (134.3) 10,274 (142.1) 10,676 (103.3) 10,497 (102.4) 9,886 (100.0) 9,861 (99.9) 21.6 (2.37) 0.8 ! (1.72)

Three or more own 

children under 18 .... 9,325 (119.9) 5,802 (95.3) 5,170 (98.5) 5,572 (105.9) 5,619 (75.9) 5,534 (75.3) 5,555 (75.6) 5,536 (75.5) -44.6 (1.27) 7.1 ! (2.51)

Families with male householder, no spouse 

present............................ 1,228 (44.2) 1,733 (52.5) 2,884 (73.9) 4,028 (90.4) 4,893 (70.9) 5,063 (72.1) 5,100 (72.5) 5,252 (73.6) 134.9 (10.38) 82.1 (5.32)

Without own children 

under 18...................... 887 (37.6) 1,117 (42.2) 1,731 (57.4) 2,242 (67.7) 2,859 (54.5) 3,049 (56.2) 2,937 (55.3) 3,141 (57.1) 95.2 (10.50) 81.5 (6.86)

With own children under 18 341 (23.3) 616 (31.3) 1,153 (46.9) 1,786 (60.5) 2,034 (46.0) 2,015 (45.8) 2,162 (47.5) 2,111 (46.9) 238.1 (26.92) 83.1 (8.48)

One own child under 18.. 179 (16.9) 374 (24.4) 723 (37.2) 1,131 (48.2) 1,227 (35.8) 1,243 (36.1) 1,323 (37.2) 1,300 (36.9) 303.9 (43.44) 79.8 (10.56)

Two own children 

under 18.................. 87 (11.8) 165 (16.2) 307 (24.2) 483 (31.6) 563 (24.3) 553 (24.1) 597 (25.0) 583 (24.7) 252.9 (55.35) 89.9 (17.02)

Three or more own 

children under 18 .... 75 (10.9) 77 (11.1) 123 (15.3) 171 (18.8) 244 (16.0) 218 (15.1) 242 (15.9) 229 (15.5) 64.0 ! (31.49) 86.2 (26.43)

Families with female householder, no spouse present............................ 5,500 (92.8) 8,705 (116.0) 10,890 (141.4) 12,687 (156.9) 14,009 (117.3) 14,416 (118.9) 14,404 (119.7) 14,480 (120.0) 98.0 (4.22) 33.0 (2.05)

Without own children 

under 18...................... 2,642 (64.7) 3,261 (71.8) 4,290 (89.9) 5,116 (101.6) 5,703 (76.4) 5,832 (77.2) 6,030 (78.7) 6,086 (79.1) 62.4 (5.23) 41.9 (3.50)

With own children under 18 2,858 (67.2) 5,445 (92.3) 6,599 (111.0) 7,571 (122.8) 8,305 (91.6) 8,585 (93.1) 8,374 (92.4) 8,394 (92.5) 130.9 (6.68) 27.2 (2.56)

One own child under 18.. 1,008 (40.1) 2,398 (61.6) 3,225 (78.1) 3,777 (87.6) 4,081 (64.9) 4,280 (66.4) 4,104 (65.2) 4,185 (65.8) 219.9 (14.89) 29.8 (3.75)

Two own children 

under 18.................. 810 (35.9) 1,817 (53.7) 2,173 (64.2) 2,458 (70.9) 2,626 (52.2) 2,765 (53.6) 2,675 (52.8) 2,696 (53.0) 168.3 (14.30) 24.1 (4.40)

Three or more own 

children under 18 .... 1,040 (40.7) 1,230 (44.2) 1,202 (47.9) 1,336 (52.4) 1,597 (40.8) 1,540 (40.1) 1,594 (40.8) 1,514 (39.8) 15.6 ! (6.45) 26.0 (6.01)

Percentage distribution of all families Change in percentage points

All families ................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) † (†) † (†)

Married-couple families......... 86.9 (0.19) 82.5 (0.20) 79.2 (0.22) 76.8 (0.23) 75.5 (0.16) 75.2 (0.16) 75.0 (0.16) 75.0 (0.16) -7.8 (0.29) -4.2 (0.27)

Without own children 

under 18...................... 37.3 (0.27) 40.6 (0.25) 42.0 (0.27) 41.7 (0.26) 41.5 (0.18) 41.8 (0.18) 42.6 (0.18) 43.1 (0.18) 4.7 (0.38) 1.1 (0.32)

With own children under 18 49.6 (0.28) 41.9 (0.26) 37.1 (0.26) 35.1 (0.26) 34.0 (0.18) 33.4 (0.17) 32.3 (0.17) 31.9 (0.17) -12.5 (0.38) -5.3 (0.31)

One own child under 18.. 15.9 (0.20) 16.2 (0.19) 14.5 (0.19) 13.1 (0.18) 12.8 (0.12) 12.9 (0.12) 12.5 (0.12) 12.3 (0.12) -1.4 (0.28) -2.2 (0.22)

Two own children under 

18 ............................ 15.6 (0.20) 15.9 (0.19) 14.8 (0.19) 14.3 (0.19) 13.9 (0.13) 13.4 (0.12) 12.7 (0.12) 12.5 (0.12) -0.8 ! (0.28) -2.3 (0.23)

Three or more own 

children under 18 .... 18.1 (0.21) 9.7 (0.15) 7.8 (0.14) 7.7 (0.14) 7.3 (0.10) 7.1 (0.09) 7.1 (0.09) 7.0 (0.09) -10.3 (0.26) -0.8 (0.17)

Families with male householder, no spouse 

present............................ 2.4 (0.09) 2.9 (0.09) 4.4 (0.11) 5.6 (0.12) 6.4 (0.09) 6.5 (0.09) 6.5 (0.09) 6.7 (0.09) 2.0 (0.14) 2.3 (0.14)

Without own children 

under 18...................... 1.7 (0.07) 1.9 (0.07) 2.6 (0.09) 3.1 (0.09) 3.7 (0.07) 3.9 (0.07) 3.8 (0.07) 4.0 (0.07) 0.9 (0.11) 1.4 (0.11)

With own children under 18 0.7 (0.05) 1.0 (0.05) 1.7 (0.07) 2.5 (0.08) 2.6 (0.06) 2.6 (0.06) 2.8 (0.06) 2.7 (0.06) 1.1 (0.08) 0.9 (0.09)

One own child under 18.. 0.3 (0.03) 0.6 (0.04) 1.1 (0.06) 1.6 (0.07) 1.6 (0.05) 1.6 (0.05) 1.7 (0.05) 1.6 (0.05) 0.7 (0.06) 0.6 (0.07)

Two own children 

under 18.................. 0.2 (0.02) 0.3 (0.03) 0.5 (0.04) 0.7 (0.04) 0.7 (0.03) 0.7 (0.03) 0.8 (0.03) 0.7 (0.03) 0.3 (0.04) 0.3 (0.05)

Three or more own 

children under 18 .... 0.1 (0.02) 0.1 (0.02) 0.2 (0.02) 0.2 (0.03) 0.3 (0.02) 0.3 (0.02) 0.3 (0.02) 0.3 (0.02) # (†) 0.1 (0.03)

Families with female householder, no spouse present............................ 10.7 (0.17) 14.6 (0.18) 16.5 (0.20) 17.6 (0.20) 18.2 (0.14) 18.4 (0.14) 18.5 (0.14) 18.4 (0.14) 5.8 (0.26) 1.9 (0.24)

Without own children 

under 18...................... 5.1 (0.12) 5.5 (0.12) 6.5 (0.13) 7.1 (0.14) 7.4 (0.10) 7.4 (0.10) 7.7 (0.10) 7.7 (0.10) 1.4 (0.18) 1.2 (0.16)

With own children under 18 5.6 (0.13) 9.1 (0.15) 10.0 (0.16) 10.5 (0.16) 10.8 (0.11) 10.9 (0.11) 10.8 (0.11) 10.6 (0.11) 4.4 (0.21) 0.7 (0.20)

One own child under 18.. 2.0 (0.08) 4.0 (0.10) 4.9 (0.12) 5.2 (0.12) 5.3 (0.08) 5.5 (0.08) 5.3 (0.08) 5.3 (0.08) 2.9 (0.14) 0.4 (0.14)

Two own children 

under 18.................. 1.6 (0.07) 3.1 (0.09) 3.3 (0.10) 3.4 (0.10) 3.4 (0.07) 3.5 (0.07) 3.4 (0.07) 3.4 (0.07) 1.7 (0.12) 0.1 ! (0.12)

Three or more own 

children under 18 .... 2.0 (0.08) 2.1 (0.07) 1.8 (0.07) 1.9 (0.07) 2.1 (0.05) 2.0 (0.05) 2.0 (0.05) 1.9 (0.05) -0.2 ! (0.11) 0.1 ! (0.09)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.1Race of family is defined as race of head of household. “All races” includes other race/ethnicity categories not separately shown.2Includes persons of Hispanic ethnicity.NOTE: Own children are never-married sons and daughters, including stepchildren and adopted children, of the householder ormarried couple. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, America’s Families 

tion Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement, retrieved July 21

www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2009.html. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 24. Number and percentage of family households with own children under 18, by age and number of children, race/ethnicity, and family structure: 2009

[Numbers in thousands]

Race/ethnicity and family structure All families

Families with own children under 18 Families with own childre

Total

Percent of

all families

Percentage

distribution

Families with

Total

1 child

under 18

2 children

under 18

3 children

under 18

4 or more

under 18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All races1................................................... 78,850 (241.0) 35,635 (180.0) 45.2 (0.18) 100.0 (†) 15,217 (122.8) 13,139 (114.6) 5,245 (73.5) 2,034 (46.1) 15,629 (124.4) 19.

Married-couple families......................... 59,118 (219.6) 25,129 (154.6) 42.5 (0.21) 70.5 (0.25) 9,732 (99.3) 9,861 (99.9) 4,011 (64.5) 1,525 (39.9) 11,368 (107.0) 19.

Families with male householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 5,252 (73.6) 2,111 (46.9) 40.2 (0.69) 5.9 (0.13) 1,300 (36.9) 583 (24.7) 173 (13.5) 56 (7.7) 883 (30.4) 16.

Families with female householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 14,480 (120.0) 8,394 (92.5) 58.0 (0.42) 23.6 (0.23) 4,185 (65.8) 2,696 (53.0) 1,061 (33.3) 453 (21.8) 3,378 (59.2) 23.

White, non-Hispanic ................................. 54,429 (213.1) 22,074 (145.9) 40.6 (0.22) 100.0 (†) 9,671 (99.0) 8,354 (92.2) 2,994 (55.8) 1,056 (33.3) 9,293 (97.1) 17.

Married-couple families......................... 44,264 (196.8) 16,971 (129.2) 38.3 (0.24) 76.9 (0.29) 6,755 (83.2) 6,751 (83.2) 2,536 (51.4) 930 (31.2) 7,450 (87.3) 16.

Families with male householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 3,066 (56.5) 1,301 (36.9) 42.4 (0.92) 5.9 (0.16) 823 (29.4) 366 (19.6) 89 (9.7) 23 (4.9) 491 (22.7) 16.

Families with female householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 7,100 (85.2) 3,802 (62.8) 53.5 (0.61) 17.2 (0.26) 2,094 (46.7) 1,237 (36.0) 369 (19.7) 103 (10.4) 1,352 (37.6) 19.

Black2........................................................ 9,357 (84.1) 4,980 (65.0) 53.2 (0.50) 100.0 (†) 2,176 (44.4) 1,615 (38.5) 800 (27.4) 390 (19.2) 2,122 (43.9) 22.

Married-couple families......................... 4,386 (61.4) 1,999 (42.7) 45.6 (0.73) 40.1 (0.68) 759 (26.7) 706 (25.7) 360 (18.4) 173 (12.8) 844 (28.1) 19.

Families with male householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 812 (27.6) 336 (17.8) 41.4 (1.69) 6.7 (0.35) 206 (14.0) 84 (8.9) 37 (5.9) 9 (2.9) 146 (11.8) 18.

Families with female householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 4,159 (60.0) 2,645 (48.7) 63.6 (0.73) 53.1 (0.69) 1,210 (33.5) 824 (27.8) 403 (19.5) 208 (14.0) 1,132 (32.4) 27.

Hispanic.................................................... 10,503 (85.1) 6,380 (71.1) 60.7 (0.46) 100.0 (†) 2,398 (46.3) 2,315 (45.5) 1,199 (33.2) 468 (21.0) 3,191 (52.8) 30.

Married-couple families......................... 6,911 (73.4) 4,329 (60.4) 62.6 (0.57) 67.9 (0.57) 1,445 (36.4) 1,652 (38.8) 905 (29.0) 326 (17.5) 2,187 (44.3) 31.

Families with male householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 1,021 (30.8) 374 (18.8) 36.6 (1.47) 5.9 (0.29) 216 (14.3) 103 (9.9) 37 (5.9) 18 (4.1) 205 (13.9) 20.

Families with female householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 2,571 (47.8) 1,677 (39.1) 65.2 (0.92) 26.3 (0.54) 737 (26.2) 560 (22.9) 257 (15.6) 124 (10.8) 799 (27.3) 31.

Asian2 ....................................................... 3,492 (51.5) 1,699 (38.2) 48.7 (0.83) 100.0 (†) 744 (26.0) 690 (25.1) 186 (13.2) 79 (8.7) 810 (27.1) 23.

Married-couple families......................... 2,827 (47.5) 1,477 (35.9) 52.2 (0.92) 86.9 (0.80) 621 (23.9) 622 (23.9) 164 (12.4) 70 (8.1) 730 (25.8) 25.

Families with male householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 233 (14.8) 48 (6.8) 20.6 (2.59) 2.8 (0.39) 23 (4.7) 18 (4.1) 4 (2.0) 2 (1.4) 17 (4.0) 7.

Families with female householder, 

no spouse present .......................... 432 (20.0) 175 (12.8) 40.5 (2.30) 10.3 (0.72) 100 (9.7) 50 (6.9) 18 (4.1) 7 (2.6) 64 (7.8) 14.
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 47

Characteristics of Families With Children

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Based on 1989 incomes collected in the 1990 census. 

2Based on 1999 incomes collected in the 2000 census.

NOTE: Constant dollars adjusted by the Consumer Price Index research series using

current methods (CPI-U-RS). Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 1990 Summary Tape File 3

(STF 3), “Median Household Income in 1989,” retrieved May 12, 2005, from 

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTGeoSearchByListServlet?ds_name=DEC_1990_

STF3_&_lang=en&_ts=134048804959; Decennial Census, 2000, Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics; Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4), retrieved

March 28, 2005, from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTGeoSearchByListServlet

?ds_name=DEC_2000_SF4 _U&_lang=en&_ts=134049420077; and American Community Survey, 2005 through 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 25. Median household income, by state: Selected years, 1990 through 2009

[In constant 2009 dollars]

State 19901 20002 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

1 23 4 5 6 7 8

United States ............................... $50,200 $54,058 $50,800 ($70) $51,500 ($50) $52,500 ($50) $51,800 ($40) $50,200 ($40)

Alabama ............................................... 39,412 43,942 40,500 (350) 41,300 (330) 42,000 (270) 42,500 (410) 40,500 (320)

Alaska................................................... 69,160 66,387 61,800 (1,210) 63,200 (930) 66,600 (1,000) 68,200 (1,160) 67,000 (1,420)

Arizona ................................................. 45,997 52,210 48,700 (430) 50,300 (280) 51,600 (320) 50,800 (310) 48,700 (290)

Arkansas............................................... 35,320 41,428 38,500 (400) 38,900 (320) 39,400 (460) 38,700 (430) 37,800 (380)

California .............................................. 59,790 61,137 58,900 (220) 60,300 (150) 62,000 (190) 60,800 (140) 58,900 (170)

Colorado ............................................... 50,340 60,764 55,700 (370) 55,300 (320) 57,100 (410) 56,800 (380) 55,400 (430)

Connecticut........................................... 69,682 69,430 67,000 (540) 67,500 (530) 68,200 (510) 68,300 (680) 67,000 (600)

Delaware............................................... 58,248 60,993 57,700 (950) 56,200 (920) 56,500 (990) 57,800 (970) 56,900 (1,060)

District of Columbia .............................. 51,320 51,655 51,900 (1,290) 55,200 (790) 56,200 (1,250) 57,700 (1,450) 59,300 (1,040)

Florida................................................... 45,902 49,971 46,600 (180) 48,400 (160) 49,500 (210) 47,600 (210) 44,700 (180)

Georgia................................................. 48,471 54,624 50,100 (290) 49,800 (260) 50,800 (310) 50,700 (250) 47,600 (250)

Hawaii................................................... 64,852 64,133 63,800 (1,320) 65,100 (750) 65,900 (1,210) 67,000 (1,130) 64,100 (960)

Idaho..................................................... 42,184 48,366 45,500 (560) 45,600 (570) 47,800 (470) 47,400 (580) 44,900 (580)

Illinois.................................................... 53,867 59,975 55,200 (230) 55,300 (180) 56,000 (230) 56,000 (220) 54,000 (250)

Indiana.................................................. 48,097 53,509 48,300 (340) 48,300 (270) 49,100 (240) 47,800 (330) 45,400 (280)

Iowa ...................................................... 43,808 50,808 47,900 (350) 47,300 (340) 48,900 (360) 48,800 (390) 48,000 (260)

Kansas.................................................. 45,581 52,295 47,200 (490) 48,400 (330) 49,100 (400) 50,000 (290) 47,800 (410)

Kentucky ............................................... 37,636 43,346 41,100 (320) 41,900 (350) 41,700 (330) 41,400 (270) 40,100 (330)

Louisiana .............................................. 36,659 41,922 40,400 (380) 41,800 (390) 42,300 (290) 43,600 (380) 42,500 (380)

Maine.................................................... 46,522 47,939 47,000 (650) 46,200 (500) 47,500 (450) 46,400 (540) 45,700 (570)

Maryland............................................... 65,783 68,056 67,700 (400) 69,300 (430) 70,400 (470) 70,300 (380) 69,300 (420)

Massachusetts...................................... 61,717 65,011 62,800 (460) 63,800 (400) 64,500 (320) 65,200 (360) 64,100 (410)

Michigan ............................................... 51,810 57,499 50,600 (300) 50,200 (210) 49,600 (240) 48,400 (250) 45,300 (220)

Minnesota ............................................. 51,624 60,646 57,200 (240) 57,500 (290) 57,700 (380) 57,100 (310) 55,600 (330)

Mississippi ............................................ 33,631 40,331 36,200 (410) 36,700 (400) 37,600 (430) 37,600 (410) 36,600 (420)

Missouri ................................................ 44,030 48,832 46,100 (240) 45,600 (290) 46,700 (310) 46,700 (230) 45,200 (320)

Montana................................................ 38,395 42,511 43,200 (640) 43,200 (460) 45,000 (650) 43,500 (760) 42,300 (650)

Nebraska .............................................. 43,452 50,526 48,200 (510) 48,400 (370) 48,700 (430) 49,500 (490) 47,400 (490)

Nevada ................................................. 51,795 57,389 54,000 (590) 56,400 (680) 57,000 (590) 56,100 (480) 53,300 (600)

New Hampshire .................................... 60,677 63,678 62,400 (670) 63,500 (800) 64,500 (720) 63,500 (990) 60,600 (840)

New Jersey ........................................... 68,356 70,989 67,800 (350) 68,600 (430) 69,300 (360) 70,100 (310) 68,300 (400)

New Mexico .......................................... 40,230 43,939 41,200 (500) 43,200 (460) 42,900 (430) 43,300 (550) 43,000 (630)

New York............................................... 55,058 55,859 54,400 (280) 54,700 (160) 55,400 (220) 55,800 (230) 54,700 (240)

North Carolina ...................................... 44,506 50,441 44,700 (210) 45,300 (280) 46,200 (270) 46,400 (260) 43,700 (230)

North Dakota ........................................ 38,770 44,545 45,100 (470) 44,600 (650) 45,300 (760) 45,500 (590) 47,800 (600)

Ohio ...................................................... 47,945 52,722 47,800 (230) 47,400 (230) 48,200 (190) 47,800 (190) 45,400 (210)

Oklahoma ............................................. 39,378 42,996 40,700 (380) 41,200 (420) 43,000 (250) 42,700 (430) 41,700 (310)

Oregon.................................................. 45,513 52,671 47,200 (390) 49,200 (330) 50,400 (430) 50,000 (320) 48,500 (380)

Pennsylvania......................................... 48,551 51,628 48,900 (260) 49,200 (190) 50,300 (190) 50,500 (160) 49,500 (170)

Rhode Island ........................................ 53,749 54,182 56,500 (920) 55,100 (740) 55,400 (850) 55,500 (1,080) 54,100 (930)

South Carolina...................................... 43,853 47,735 43,200 (410) 43,700 (280) 44,800 (400) 44,500 (380) 42,400 (340)

South Dakota........................................ 37,585 45,418 44,300 (590) 45,500 (640) 44,900 (590) 45,900 (710) 45,000 (740)

Tennessee ............................................ 41,433 46,806 42,700 (320) 42,900 (270) 43,800 (220) 43,400 (260) 41,700 (270)

Texas .................................................... 45,122 51,398 46,300 (160) 47,800 (190) 49,200 (190) 49,900 (130) 48,300 (150)

Utah ...................................................... 49,221 58,863 52,700 (630) 54,600 (370) 57,000 (480) 56,400 (430) 55,100 (490)

Vermont ................................................ 49,759 52,594 50,200 (800) 50,700 (820) 51,600 (740) 51,900 (590) 51,600 (580)

Virginia.................................................. 55,664 60,087 59,600 (360) 59,900 (300) 61,600 (370) 61,000 (260) 59,300 (290)

Washington........................................... 52,082 58,927 54,100 (430) 55,900 (310) 57,500 (320) 57,900 (350) 56,500 (320)

West Virginia......................................... 34,732 38,227 36,800 (530) 37,300 (400) 38,300 (480) 37,800 (620) 37,400 (430)

Wisconsin ............................................. 49,174 56,372 51,800 (260) 51,900 (280) 52,300 (230) 51,900 (220) 50,000 (250)

Wyoming............................................... 45,256 48,778 50,800 (1,010) 50,500 (960) 53,500 (830) 53,000 (1,210) 52,700 (1,140)
48 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Characteristics of Families With Children

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Related children in a family include own children and all other children in the household who are

related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption.

2Based on 1989 incomes collected in the 1990 census. Data may differ from figures derived from

the Current Population Survey.

3Based on 1999 incomes collected in the 2000 census. Data may differ from figures derived from

the Current Population Survey.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 1990 Summary Tape File 3 (STF 3),

“Median Household Income in 1989” and “Poverty Status in 1989 by Family Type and Age,”

retrieved May 12, 2005, from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTGeoSearchByListServlet?

ds_name=DEC_1990_STF3_&_lang=en&_ts=134048804959; Decennial Census, 1990, Minority Economic Profiles, unpublished data; Decennial Census, 2000, Summary Social, Economic,

and Housing Characteristics; Census 2000 Summary File 4 (SF 4), “Poverty Status in 1999 of

Related Children Under 18 Years by Family Type and Age,” retrieved March 28, 2005, from http://

factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTGeoSearchByListServlet?ds_name=DEC_2000_SF4_ U&_lang

=en&_ts=134049420077; and 2008 and 2009 Poverty Tables, retrieved September 28, 2009,

from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstables/032009/pov/toc.htm and retrieved October 10,

2010, from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstables/032010/pov/toc.htm. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 26. Poverty rates for all persons and poverty status of 5- to 17-year-olds, by state: Selected years, 1990 through 2009

State

Percent of persons in poverty Poverty status of related children 5 through 17 years old1

19902 20003 2008 2009

1990,2

percent

in poverty

2000,3

percent

in poverty

2008 2009

Number

in poverty

(in thousands)

Percent

in poverty

Number

in poverty

(in thousands)

Percent

in poverty

1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

United States ............................... 13.1 12.4 13.2 (0.10) 14.3 (0.10) 17.0 (0.02) 15.4 (0.01) 9,166 (182.0) 17.4 (0.30) 9,982 (189.0) 18.9 (0.30)

Alabama ............................................... 18.3 16.1 14.3 (1.20) 16.6 (1.30) 23.2 (0.16) 20.3 (0.11) 188 (28.0) 22.8 (3.00) 202 (29.0) 26.6 (3.30)

Alaska................................................... 9.0 9.4 8.2 (1.00) 11.7 (1.20) 9.6 (0.27) 10.3 (0.18) 10 (3.0) 7.8 (2.00) 17 (3.0) 13.2 (2.60)

Arizona ................................................. 15.7 13.9 18.0 (1.20) 21.2 (1.30) 20.3 (0.15) 17.8 (0.11) 282 (37.0) 23.3 (2.70) 322 (39.0) 26.9 (2.90)

Arkansas............................................... 19.1 15.8 15.3 (1.30) 18.9 (1.40) 23.8 (0.20) 20.1 (0.13) 93 (16.0) 18.4 (2.90) 109 (17.0) 22.9 (3.20)

California .............................................. 12.5 14.2 14.6 (0.50) 15.3 (0.50) 17.2 (0.06) 18.5 (0.04) 1,266 (79.0) 19.0 (1.10) 1,279 (79.0) 19.6 (1.10)

Colorado ............................................... 11.7 9.3 11.0 (1.10) 12.3 (1.20) 13.7 (0.13) 10.0 (0.08) 124 (24.0) 14.4 (2.70) 153 (27.0) 17.5 (2.80)

Connecticut........................................... 6.8 7.9 8.1 (1.00) 8.4 (1.00) 9.8 (0.15) 9.6 (0.10) 54 (14.0) 9.0 (2.20) 52 (14.0) 9.0 (2.20)

Delaware............................................... 8.7 9.2 9.6 (1.10) 12.3 (1.20) 11.0 (0.27) 10.9 (0.22) 18 (4.0) 12.7 (2.70) 27 (5.0) 18.1 (3.00)

District of Columbia .............................. 16.9 20.2 16.5 (1.50) 17.9 (1.50) 24.1 (0.59) 30.4 (0.44) 21 (4.0) ‡ (†) 22 (4.0) ‡ (†)

Florida................................................... 12.7 12.5 13.1 (0.60) 14.6 (0.60) 17.5 (0.10) 16.6 (0.07) 443 (44.0) 15.4 (1.40) 551 (49.0) 19.2 (1.60)

Georgia................................................. 14.7 13.0 15.5 (0.90) 18.4 (0.90) 18.9 (0.14) 16.1 (0.09) 347 (38.0) 19.5 (2.00) 382 (40.0) 20.7 (2.00)

Hawaii................................................... 8.3 10.7 9.9 (1.00) 12.5 (1.20) 10.5 (0.25) 12.9 (0.18) 29 (6.0) 15.4 (2.80) 38 (7.0) 18.4 (2.90)

Idaho..................................................... 13.3 11.8 12.2 (1.20) 13.7 (1.20) 14.4 (0.23) 12.6 (0.14) 38 (7.0) 13.1 (2.40) 48 (8.0) 16.2 (2.60)

Illinois.................................................... 11.9 10.7 12.3 (0.70) 13.2 (0.70) 15.9 (0.08) 13.4 (0.05) 393 (42.0) 17.8 (1.80) 390 (42.0) 17.3 (1.70)

Indiana.................................................. 10.7 9.5 14.3 (1.10) 16.1 (1.10) 12.8 (0.10) 10.6 (0.08) 246 (32.0) 21.3 (2.50) 268 (34.0) 22.4 (2.50)

Iowa ...................................................... 11.5 9.1 9.5 (1.10) 10.7 (1.10) 12.6 (0.14) 9.5 (0.09) 65 (14.0) 12.7 (2.60) 60 (14.0) 12.2 (2.60)

Kansas.................................................. 11.5 9.9 12.7 (1.30) 13.7 (1.30) 12.8 (0.15) 10.4 (0.10) 84 (16.0) 17.2 (2.90) 75 (15.0) 14.8 (2.70)

Kentucky ............................................... 19.0 15.8 17.1 (1.40) 17.0 (1.40) 23.2 (0.16) 19.4 (0.10) 144 (24.0) 20.8 (3.20) 143 (24.0) 19.8 (3.10)

Louisiana .............................................. 23.6 19.6 18.2 (1.40) 14.3 (1.20) 30.4 (0.19) 25.3 (0.11) 195 (28.0) 23.9 (3.10) 146 (25.0) 17.6 (2.70)

Maine.................................................... 10.8 10.9 12.0 (1.30) 11.4 (1.30) 12.3 (0.20) 12.0 (0.15) 31 (7.0) 15.3 (3.20) 25 (6.0) 12.3 (2.90)

Maryland............................................... 8.3 8.5 8.7 (0.90) 9.6 (1.00) 10.5 (0.12) 9.8 (0.09) 88 (20.0) 9.3 (2.00) 119 (23.0) 12.2 (2.30)

Massachusetts...................................... 8.9 9.3 11.3 (0.90) 10.8 (0.90) 12.2 (0.12) 11.4 (0.08) 198 (29.0) 18.1 (2.40) 170 (27.0) 15.7 (2.30)

Michigan ............................................... 13.1 10.5 13.0 (0.80) 14.0 (0.80) 16.7 (0.09) 12.7 (0.05) 329 (38.0) 18.6 (1.90) 330 (38.0) 19.2 (2.00)

Minnesota ............................................. 10.2 7.9 9.9 (1.00) 11.1 (1.00) 11.4 (0.10) 8.7 (0.06) 116 (22.0) 14.0 (2.50) 139 (24.0) 16.3 (2.60)

Mississippi ............................................ 25.2 19.9 18.1 (1.40) 23.1 (1.50) 32.6 (0.21) 26.0 (0.13) 119 (18.0) 21.5 (3.00) 144 (20.0) 26.8 (3.30)

Missouri ................................................ 13.3 11.7 13.3 (1.10) 15.5 (1.10) 16.2 (0.12) 14.4 (0.08) 168 (27.0) 17.0 (2.50) 203 (30.0) 19.4 (2.60)

Montana................................................ 16.1 14.6 12.9 (1.20) 13.5 (1.20) 18.4 (0.30) 17.1 (0.20) 25 (5.0) 16.9 (3.00) 30 (5.0) 19.2 (3.10)

Nebraska .............................................. 11.1 9.7 10.6 (1.10) 9.9 (1.10) 12.0 (0.18) 11.1 (0.12) 42 (9.0) 13.4 (2.60) 33 (8.0) 11.0 (2.50)

Nevada ................................................. 10.2 10.5 10.8 (1.10) 13.0 (1.20) 11.7 (0.26) 12.3 (0.16) 66 (13.0) 14.5 (2.70) 77 (14.0) 17.2 (2.90)

New Hampshire .................................... 6.4 6.5 7.0 (0.90) 7.8 (1.00) 6.4 (0.16) 6.7 (0.12) 18 (5.0) 8.1 (2.20) 20 (5.0) 9.6 (2.40)

New Jersey ........................................... 7.6 8.5 9.2 (0.80) 9.3 (0.80) 10.8 (0.10) 10.5 (0.07) 215 (31.0) 14.2 (1.90) 193 (29.0) 12.8 (1.80)

New Mexico .......................................... 20.6 18.4 19.3 (1.60) 19.3 (1.60) 26.3 (0.25) 23.6 (0.17) 82 (14.0) 23.0 (3.40) 90 (14.0) 24.6 (3.50)

New York............................................... 13.0 14.6 14.2 (0.60) 15.8 (0.70) 18.1 (0.09) 19.1 (0.06) 611 (53.0) 19.5 (1.50) 711 (57.0) 22.7 (1.60)

North Carolina ...................................... 13.0 12.3 13.9 (0.90) 16.9 (0.90) 16.0 (0.11) 14.9 (0.07) 251 (33.0) 15.7 (1.90) 392 (41.0) 23.4 (2.20)

North Dakota ........................................ 14.4 11.9 11.8 (1.20) 10.9 (1.10) 15.9 (0.30) 12.2 (0.17) 14 (3.0) 13.8 (2.70) 13 (3.0) 13.4 (2.80)

Ohio ...................................................... 12.5 10.6 13.7 (0.80) 13.3 (0.80) 16.2 (0.08) 12.9 (0.05) 377 (40.0) 19.4 (1.90) 312 (37.0) 16.0 (1.70)

Oklahoma ............................................. 16.7 14.7 13.6 (1.30) 12.9 (1.20) 19.9 (0.16) 17.7 (0.11) 122 (21.0) 19.9 (3.10) 119 (21.0) 18.9 (3.00)

Oregon.................................................. 12.4 11.6 10.6 (1.20) 13.4 (1.30) 13.4 (0.15) 12.8 (0.11) 94 (19.0) 14.9 (2.90) 114 (21.0) 18.6 (3.20)

Pennsylvania......................................... 11.1 11.0 11.0 (0.70) 11.1 (0.70) 14.5 (0.08) 13.6 (0.05) 272 (34.0) 13.5 (1.60) 286 (35.0) 13.6 (1.60)

Rhode Island ........................................ 9.6 11.9 12.7 (1.30) 13.0 (1.30) 12.3 (0.30) 15.6 (0.25) 27 (6.0) 16.2 (3.20) 34 (6.0) 20.7 (3.50)

South Carolina...................................... 15.4 14.1 14.0 (1.20) 13.7 (1.20) 20.0 (0.19) 17.9 (0.12) 129 (23.0) 17.2 (2.90) 139 (24.0) 18.0 (2.90)

South Dakota........................................ 15.9 13.2 13.1 (1.10) 14.1 (1.20) 18.7 (0.33) 15.5 (0.21) 24 (4.0) 17.2 (2.60) 20 (4.0) 14.2 (2.50)

Tennessee ............................................ 15.7 13.5 15.0 (1.10) 16.5 (1.10) 19.5 (0.13) 16.6 (0.10) 201 (29.0) 19.6 (2.60) 212 (30.0) 21.0 (2.70)

Texas .................................................... 18.1 15.4 15.9 (0.60) 17.3 (0.60) 23.4 (0.09) 19.3 (0.06) 982 (70.0) 21.1 (1.40) 1,149 (76.0) 24.0 (1.40)

Utah ...................................................... 11.4 9.4 7.6 (0.90) 9.7 (0.90) 10.9 (0.16) 8.9 (0.09) 47 (10.0) 8.1 (1.70) 78 (13.0) 13.1 (2.10)

Vermont ................................................ 9.9 9.4 9.0 (1.10) 9.4 (1.10) 10.7 (0.26) 9.9 (0.16) 7 (2.0) 8.0 (2.40) 10 (3.0) 10.8 (2.80)

Virginia.................................................. 10.2 9.6 10.3 (0.80) 10.7 (0.80) 12.4 (0.12) 11.4 (0.08) 165 (27.0) 12.1 (1.90) 184 (28.0) 13.5 (1.90)

Washington........................................... 10.9 10.6 10.4 (0.90) 11.7 (1.00) 12.8 (0.10) 12.2 (0.09) 124 (24.0) 11.2 (2.10) 150 (26.0) 14.4 (2.40)

West Virginia......................................... 19.7 17.9 14.5 (1.20) 15.8 (1.20) 24.0 (0.23) 22.9 (0.17) 57 (9.0) 21.6 (3.20) 61 (10.0) 21.8 (3.10)

Wisconsin ............................................. 10.7 8.7 9.8 (1.00) 10.8 (1.00) 13.3 (0.10) 10.0 (0.07) 115 (22.0) 12.0 (2.20) 135 (24.0) 14.4 (2.40)

Wyoming............................................... 11.9 11.4 10.1 (1.20) 9.2 (1.10) 12.6 (0.33) 12.5 (0.24) 11 (3.0) 11.7 (2.60) 9 (2.0) 9.3 (2.30)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 27. Poverty status of all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1959 through 2009Year and race/ethnicity

Number below the poverty level (in thousands) Percent below the poverty l

All persons

In all families

In families with female householder, 

no husband present 

All persons

In all families

Total Householder1

Related children

under 18 Total

Related children

under 18 Total Householder1

Related 

u

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Total1959............................... 39,490 (641.5) 34,562 (489.5) 8,320 (178.3) 17,208 (289.6) 7,014 (160.3) 4,145 (117.4) 22.4 (0.34) 20.8 (0.17) 18.5 (0.31) 26.9 1960............................... 39,851 (644.0) 34,925 (493.6) 8,243 (177.2) 17,288 (290.6) 7,247 (163.6) 4,095 (116.6) 22.2 (0.34) 20.7 (0.17) 18.1 (0.30) 26.5 1965............................... 33,185 (595.4) 28,358 (419.2) 6,721 (156.2) 14,388 (255.6) 7,524 (167.4) 4,562 (124.1) 17.3 (0.30) 15.8 (0.14) 13.9 (0.26) 20.7 1970............................... 25,420 (431.8) 20,330 (266.6) 5,260 (110.1) 10,235 (166.2) 7,503 (136.5) 4,689 (102.9) 12.6 (0.21) 10.9 (0.10) 10.1 (0.18) 14.9 1975............................... 25,877 (435.2) 20,789 (271.0) 5,450 (112.4) 10,882 (173.0) 8,846 (151.3) 5,597 (114.2) 12.3 (0.20) 10.9 (0.10) 9.7 (0.17) 16.8 1980............................... 29,272 (460.0) 22,601 (288.2) 6,217 (121.7) 11,114 (175.4) 10,120 (165.0) 5,866 (117.5) 13.0 (0.20) 11.5 (0.10) 10.3 (0.17) 17.9 1985............................... 33,064 (513.3) 25,729 (336.0) 7,223 (141.0) 12,483 (200.4) 11,600 (190.8) 6,716 (134.8) 14.0 (0.21) 12.6 (0.11) 11.4 (0.18) 20.1 1986............................... 32,370 (508.5) 24,754 (326.3) 7,023 (138.6) 12,257 (197.9) 11,944 (194.6) 6,943 (137.6) 13.6 (0.21) 12.0 (0.10) 10.9 (0.18) 19.8 1987............................... 32,221 (507.5) 24,725 (326.0) 7,005 (138.3) 12,275 (198.1) 12,148 (196.8) 7,074 (139.2) 13.4 (0.21) 12.0 (0.10) 10.7 (0.18) 19.7 1988............................... 31,745 (504.2) 24,048 (319.3) 6,876 (136.8) 11,935 (194.5) 11,972 (194.9) 6,742 (135.1) 13.0 (0.20) 11.6 (0.10) 10.4 (0.17) 19.0 1989............................... 31,528 (548.0) 24,066 (348.2) 6,784 (147.9) 12,001 (212.7) 11,668 (208.8) 6,808 (148.2) 12.8 (0.22) 11.5 (0.11) 10.3 (0.19) 19.0 1990............................... 33,585 (534.7) 25,232 (342.5) 7,098 (144.3) 12,715 (209.9) 12,578 (208.4) 7,363 (147.6) 13.5 (0.21) 12.0 (0.11) 10.7 (0.18) 19.9 1991............................... 35,708 (549.1) 27,143 (362.1) 7,712 (151.9) 13,658 (220.3) 13,824 (222.2) 8,065 (156.2) 14.2 (0.22) 12.8 (0.11) 11.5 (0.19) 21.1 1992............................... 38,014 (564.0) 28,961 (380.7) 7,960 (154.9) 14,521 (229.8) 14,205 (226.3) 8,032 (155.8) 14.8 (0.22) 13.3 (0.11) 11.7 (0.19) 21.6 1993............................... 39,265 (571.8) 29,927 (390.5) 8,393 (160.2) 14,961 (234.6) 14,636 (231.0) 8,503 (161.5) 15.1 (0.22) 13.6 (0.11) 12.3 (0.19) 22.0 1994............................... 38,059 (564.3) 28,985 (380.9) 8,053 (156.1) 14,610 (230.8) 14,380 (228.3) 8,427 (160.6) 14.5 (0.21) 13.1 (0.11) 11.6 (0.18) 21.2 

1995............................... 36,425 (553.8) 27,501 (365.8) 7,532 (149.7) 13,999 (224.1) 14,205 (226.3) 8,364 (159.8) 13.8 (0.21) 12.3 (0.10) 10.8 (0.18) 20.2 

1996............................... 36,529 (572.0) 27,376 (378.5) 7,708 (157.7) 13,764 (230.1) 13,796 (230.4) 7,990 (161.3) 13.7 (0.21) 12.2 (0.11) 11.0 (0.18) 19.8 1997............................... 35,574 (565.6) 26,217 (366.2) 7,324 (152.8) 13,422 (226.2) 13,494 (227.0) 7,928 (160.5) 13.3 (0.21) 11.6 (0.11) 10.3 (0.18) 19.2 1998............................... 34,476 (558.1) 25,370 (357.2) 7,186 (151.0) 12,845 (219.5) 12,907 (220.3) 7,627 (156.7) 12.7 (0.21) 11.2 (0.10) 10.0 (0.17) 18.3 1999............................... 32,791 (547.3) 23,830 (340.8) 6,676 (144.4) 11,678 (206.0) 11,764 (207.0) 6,602 (143.4) 11.9 (0.20) 10.3 (0.10) 9.3 (0.17) 16.6 2000............................... 31,581 (538.4) 22,347 (324.8) 6,222 (138.4) 11,005 (198.1) 10,926 (197.1) 6,116 (136.9) 11.3 (0.19) 9.6 (0.10) 8.6 (0.16) 15.6 2001............................... 32,907 (548.1) 23,215 (334.2) 6,813 (146.2) 11,175 (200.1) 11,223 (200.6) 6,341 (139.9) 11.7 (0.20) 9.9 (0.10) 9.2 (0.17) 15.8 2002............................... 34,570 (399.9) 24,534 (248.6) 7,229 (108.2) 11,646 (146.7) 11,657 (146.8) 6,564 (102.0) 12.1 (0.14) 10.4 (0.07) 9.6 (0.12) 16.3 2003............................... 35,861 (407.8) 25,684 (257.3) 7,607 (111.6) 12,340 (152.5) 12,413 (153.1) 7,085 (106.8) 12.5 (0.14) 10.8 (0.07) 10.0 (0.12) 17.2 2004............................... 37,040 (413.5) 26,544 (263.9) 7,854 (113.9) 12,473 (153.6) 12,823 (156.5) 7,132 (107.3) 12.7 (0.14) 11.0 (0.07) 10.2 (0.12) 17.3 2005............................... 36,950 (413.0) 26,068 (260.3) 7,657 (112.1) 12,335 (152.5) 13,153 (159.2) 7,210 (108.0) 12.6 (0.14) 10.8 (0.07) 9.9 (0.12) 17.1 2006............................... 36,460 (410.7) 25,915 (259.1) 7,668 (112.2) 12,299 (152.2) 13,199 (159.6) 7,341 (109.2) 12.3 (0.14) 10.6 (0.07) 9.8 (0.12) 16.9 2007............................... 37,276 (414.6) 26,509 (263.6) 7,623 (111.8) 12,802 (156.3) 13,478 (161.9) 7,546 (111.1) 12.5 (0.14) 10.8 (0.07) 9.8 (0.12) 17.6 2008............................... 39,829 (426.4) 28,564 (279.2) 8,147 (116.5) 13,507 (162.1) 13,812 (164.6) 7,587 (111.5) 13.2 (0.14) 11.5 (0.07) 10.3 (0.12) 18.5 2009............................... 43,569 (444.8) 31,197 (299.0) 8,792 (122.3) 14,774 (172.4) 14,746 (172.2) 7,942 (114.7) 14.3 (0.15) 12.5 (0.07) 11.1 (0.12) 20.1 White19602 ............................. 28,309 (555.0) 24,262 (372.2) 6,115 (147.5) 11,229 (216.3) 4,296 (119.8) 2,357 (85.7) 17.8 (0.33) 16.2 (0.16) 14.9 (0.30) 20.0 

19652 ............................. 22,496 (500.1) 18,508 (305.1) 4,824 (128.2) 8,595 (182.0) 4,092 (116.5) 2,321 (84.9) 13.3 (0.29) 11.7 (0.14) 11.1 (0.25) 14.4 

19702 ............................. 17,484 (363.3) 13,323 (198.0) 3,708 (90.0) 6,138 (120.7) 3,761 (90.7) 2,247 (68.2) 9.9 (0.20) 8.1 (0.09) 8.0 (0.17) 10.5 

19752 ............................. 17,770 (366.1) 13,799 (202.8) 3,838 (91.7) 6,748 (127.9) 4,577 (101.5) 2,813 (77.1) 9.7 (0.20) 8.3 (0.09) 7.7 (0.16) 12.5 

19802 ............................. 19,699 (384.1) 14,587 (210.7) 4,195 (96.5) 6,817 (128.7) 4,940 (106.1) 2,813 (77.1) 10.2 (0.20) 8.6 (0.09) 8.0 (0.16) 13.4 

19852 ............................. 22,860 (435.1) 17,125 (249.2) 4,983 (112.8) 7,838 (148.3) 5,990 (125.8) 3,372 (90.2) 11.4 (0.21) 9.9 (0.10) 9.1 (0.18) 15.6 19902 ............................. 22,326 (445.3) 15,916 (244.9) 4,622 (111.7) 7,696 (151.7) 6,210 (133.0) 3,597 (96.8) 10.7 (0.21) 9.0 (0.10) 8.1 (0.17) 15.1 19952 ............................. 24,423 (463.9) 17,593 (262.9) 4,994 (116.9) 8,474 (161.1) 7,047 (143.7) 4,051 (103.5) 11.2 (0.21) 9.6 (0.10) 8.5 (0.17) 15.5 19962 ............................. 24,650 (481.8) 17,621 (273.3) 5,059 (122.3) 8,488 (167.6) 7,073 (149.6) 4,029 (107.2) 11.2 (0.22) 9.6 (0.11) 8.6 (0.18) 15.5 19972 ............................. 24,396 (479.6) 17,258 (269.3) 4,990 (121.3) 8,441 (167.0) 7,296 (152.5) 4,186 (109.6) 11.0 (0.21) 9.3 (0.11) 8.4 (0.18) 15.4 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

19982 ............................. 23,454 (471.2) 16,549 (261.4) 4,829 (119.0) 7,935 (160.6) 6,674 (144.4) 3,875 (104.9) 10.5 (0.21) 8.9 (0.10) 8.0 (0.17) 14.4 

19992 ............................. 22,169 (459.8) 15,353 (248.1) 4,377 (112.4) 7,194 (151.2) 5,947 (134.6) 3,266 (95.2) 9.8 (0.20) 8.2 (0.10) 7.3 (0.17) 12.9 20002 ............................. 21,645 (454.8) 14,692 (240.6) 4,151 (109.1) 6,834 (146.5) 5,609 (130.0) 2,955 (90.0) 9.5 (0.20) 7.8 (0.10) 6.9 (0.16) 12.3 20012 ............................. 22,739 (465.2) 15,369 (248.2) 4,579 (115.4) 7,086 (149.8) 5,972 (135.0) 3,291 (95.6) 9.9 (0.20) 8.1 (0.10) 7.4 (0.16) 12.8 20023 ............................. 15,567 (278.6) 9,389 (127.5) 3,208 (67.3) 3,848 (74.5) 3,733 (73.2) 1,949 (51.2) 8.0 (0.14) 5.9 (0.07) 6.0 (0.11) 8.9 20033 ............................. 15,902 (281.9) 9,658 (129.8) 3,270 (68.0) 3,957 (75.7) 3,959 (75.7) 2,033 (52.4) 8.2 (0.14) 6.1 (0.07) 6.1 (0.12) 9.3 20043 ............................. 16,908 (290.1) 10,323 (135.5) 3,505 (70.7) 4,190 (78.2) 4,116 (77.4) 2,114 (53.5) 8.7 (0.15) 6.5 (0.07) 6.5 (0.12) 9.9 

20053 ............................. 16,227 (284.6) 9,604 (129.4) 3,285 (68.1) 3,973 (75.9) 4,278 (79.2) 2,158 (54.1) 8.3 (0.14) 6.0 (0.07) 6.1 (0.11) 9.5 

20063 ............................. 16,013 (282.8) 9,676 (130.0) 3,372 (69.2) 3,930 (75.4) 4,353 (80.0) 2,206 (54.7) 8.2 (0.14) 6.1 (0.07) 6.2 (0.12) 9.5 20073 ............................. 16,032 (282.9) 9,553 (128.9) 3,184 (67.0) 3,996 (76.1) 4,099 (77.3) 2,101 (53.3) 8.2 (0.14) 6.0 (0.07) 5.9 (0.11) 9.7 20083 ............................. 17,024 (291.0) 10,138 (134.0) 3,383 (69.3) 4,059 (76.8) 4,046 (76.7) 1,985 (51.7) 8.6 (0.14) 6.4 (0.07) 6.2 (0.12) 10.0 

20093 ............................. 18,530 (303.4) 11,211 (143.1) 3,797 (74.0) 4,518 (81.7) 4,532 (81.9) 2,144 (53.9) 9.4 (0.15) 7.1 (0.07) 7.0 (0.12) 11.2 Black2

1959............................... 9,927 (296.1) 9,112 (202.1) 1,860 (76.8) 5,022 (137.1) 2,416 (88.9) 1,475 (67.6) 55.1 (1.29) 54.9 (0.65) 48.1 (1.35) 65.5 

1966............................... 8,867 (285.2) 8,090 (186.5) 1,620 (71.2) 4,774 (132.9) 3,160 (103.7) 2,107 (82.3) 41.8 (1.18) 40.9 (0.59) 35.5 (1.19) 50.6 

1970............................... 7,548 (219.8) 6,683 (134.2) 1,481 (55.3) 3,922 (96.3) 3,656 (92.3) 2,383 (72.0) 33.5 (0.89) 32.2 (0.45) 29.5 (0.88) 41.5 1975............................... 7,545 (219.8) 6,533 (132.3) 1,513 (56.0) 3,884 (95.7) 4,168 (99.9) 2,724 (77.7) 31.3 (0.85) 30.1 (0.43) 27.1 (0.82) 41.4 1980............................... 8,579 (230.2) 7,190 (140.8) 1,826 (62.1) 3,906 (96.0) 4,984 (111.4) 2,944 (81.3) 32.5 (0.82) 31.1 (0.42) 28.9 (0.78) 42.1 

1985............................... 8,926 (246.7) 7,504 (153.2) 1,983 (68.7) 4,057 (103.9) 5,342 (123.1) 3,181 (89.9) 31.3 (0.82) 30.5 (0.43) 28.7 (0.79) 43.1 

1990............................... 9,837 (263.7) 8,160 (167.6) 2,193 (75.2) 4,412 (113.1) 6,005 (137.1) 3,543 (99.1) 31.9 (0.82) 31.0 (0.43) 29.3 (0.79) 44.2 

1995............................... 9,872 (264.0) 8,189 (168.0) 2,127 (73.9) 4,644 (116.7) 6,553 (145.0) 3,954 (105.9) 29.3 (0.77) 28.5 (0.40) 26.4 (0.74) 41.5 

1996............................... 9,694 (267.9) 7,993 (161.4) 2,206 (76.7) 4,411 (112.9) 6,123 (137.0) 3,619 (100.9) 28.4 (0.79) 27.6 (0.41) 26.1 (0.75) 39.5 

1997............................... 9,116 (262.9) 7,386 (153.6) 1,985 (72.5) 4,116 (108.5) 5,654 (130.6) 3,402 (97.4) 26.5 (0.77) 25.5 (0.40) 23.6 (0.72) 36.8 

1998............................... 9,091 (263.6) 7,259 (152.0) 1,981 (72.4) 4,073 (107.9) 5,629 (130.3) 3,366 (96.8) 26.1 (0.76) 24.7 (0.39) 23.4 (0.72) 36.4 

1999............................... 8,441 (257.8) 6,758 (145.5) 1,898 (70.7) 3,698 (102.1) 5,232 (124.8) 2,997 (90.7) 23.6 (0.72) 22.7 (0.38) 21.9 (0.69) 32.8 

2000............................... 7,982 (253.3) 6,221 (138.3) 1,685 (66.4) 3,495 (98.9) 4,774 (118.2) 2,830 (87.9) 22.5 (0.71) 21.2 (0.37) 19.1 (0.65) 30.9 

2001............................... 8,136 (255.5) 6,389 (140.6) 1,829 (69.3) 3,423 (97.7) 4,694 (117.1) 2,741 (86.4) 22.7 (0.71) 21.4 (0.37) 20.7 (0.67) 30.0 

2002............................... 8,602 (185.9) 6,761 (103.8) 1,923 (50.8) 3,570 (71.4) 4,980 (86.5) 2,855 (63.0) 24.1 (0.52) 22.8 (0.27) 21.5 (0.48) 32.1 2003............................... 8,781 (197.6) 6,870 (104.9) 1,986 (51.7) 3,750 (73.4) 5,115 (87.9) 3,026 (65.1) 24.4 (0.52) 23.1 (0.27) 22.3 (0.49) 33.6 2004............................... 9,014 (199.7) 7,153 (107.5) 2,035 (52.4) 3,702 (72.9) 5,247 (89.2) 2,963 (64.3) 24.7 (0.52) 23.8 (0.27) 22.8 (0.50) 33.4 

2005............................... 9,168 (201.5) 7,164 (107.6) 1,997 (51.9) 3,743 (73.4) 5,303 (89.7) 2,993 (64.7) 24.9 (0.52) 23.8 (0.27) 22.1 (0.49) 34.2 2006............................... 9,048 (200.6) 7,072 (106.7) 2,007 (52.0) 3,690 (72.8) 5,180 (88.5) 2,971 (64.4) 24.3 (0.51) 23.1 (0.27) 21.6 (0.48) 33.0 2007............................... 9,237 (203.0) 7,312 (108.9) 2,045 (52.5) 3,838 (74.4) 5,459 (91.3) 3,114 (66.1) 24.5 (0.51) 23.8 (0.27) 22.1 (0.48) 34.3 2008............................... 9,379 (204.7) 7,339 (109.2) 2,055 (52.7) 3,781 (73.8) 5,533 (92.0) 3,123 (66.2) 24.7 (0.51) 23.7 (0.27) 22.0 (0.48) 34.4 2009............................... 9,944 (209.8) 7,642 (112.0) 2,125 (53.6) 3,919 (75.3) 5,427 (91.0) 2,998 (64.8) 25.8 (0.51) 24.4 (0.27) 22.7 (0.48) 35.3 Hispanic1975............................... 2,991 (176.8) 2,755 (90.2) 627 (41.3) 1,619 (67.7) 1,053 (54.0) 694 (43.5) 26.9 (1.41) 26.3 (0.70) 25.1 (1.41) 33.1 

1980............................... 3,491 (189.8) 3,143 (97.0) 751 (45.3) 1,718 (69.8) 1,319 (60.7) 809 (47.1) 25.7 (1.26) 25.1 (0.63) 23.2 (1.21) 33.0 

1985............................... 5,236 (202.8) 4,605 (107.7) 1,074 (48.7) 2,512 (76.6) 1,983 (67.4) 1,247 (52.7) 29.0 (1.01) 28.3 (0.51) 25.5 (0.98) 39.6 1990............................... 6,006 (222.4) 5,091 (118.2) 1,244 (54.4) 2,750 (83.3) 2,115 (72.2) 1,314 (56.0) 28.1 (0.95) 26.9 (0.48) 25.0 (0.92) 37.7 1995............................... 8,574 (256.1) 7,341 (147.3) 1,695 (64.1) 3,938 (101.9) 3,053 (88.3) 1,872 (67.6) 30.3 (0.85) 29.2 (0.43) 27.0 (0.84) 39.3 

1996............................... 8,697 (250.2) 7,515 (155.3) 1,748 (67.7) 4,090 (108.1) 3,020 (91.1) 1,779 (68.3) 29.4 (0.85) 28.5 (0.43) 26.4 (0.85) 39.9 

1997............................... 8,308 (246.9) 7,198 (151.2) 1,721 (67.1) 3,865 (104.7) 2,911 (89.3) 1,758 (67.9) 27.1 (0.82) 26.2 (0.41) 24.7 (0.81) 36.4 

1998............................... 8,070 (248.5) 6,814 (146.2) 1,648 (65.6) 3,670 (101.7) 2,837 (88.0) 1,739 (67.5) 25.6 (0.79) 24.3 (0.40) 22.7 (0.77) 33.6 

1999............................... 7,876 (247.8) 6,702 (144.7) 1,525 (62.9) 3,561 (99.9) 2,642 (84.6) 1,471 (61.7) 22.7 (0.72) 21.7 (0.37) 20.2 (0.72) 29.9 2000............................... 7,747 (247.8) 6,430 (141.1) 1,431 (60.9) 3,342 (96.4) 2,444 (81.1) 1,303 (57.9) 21.5 (0.70) 20.3 (0.35) 18.5 (0.69) 27.6 

See notes at end of table.

Table 27. Poverty status of all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1959 through 2009—ContinuedYear and race/ethnicity

Number below the poverty level (in thousands) Percent below the poverty l

All persons

In all families

In families with female householder, 

no husband present 

All persons

In all families

Total Householder1

Related children

under 18 Total

Related children

under 18 Total Householder1

Related 

u

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available.

†Not applicable.1Refers to the person who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit.2Includes persons of Hispanic ethnicity.3Excludes persons of Hispanic ethnicity.4Includes Asians only (i.e., does not include Pacific Islanders).

NOTE: Data are from the Current Population Survey and may differ from data nial Census. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populat

States, selected years, 1959 through 2002; and Income, Poverty, and Health through 2009; Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstables/032010/pov/toc.htm. (This table w

2001............................... 7,997 (251.7) 6,674 (144.4) 1,649 (65.6) 3,433 (97.9) 2,585 (83.6) 1,508 (62.6) 21.4 (0.68) 20.2 (0.35) 19.4 (0.67) 27.4 2002............................... 8,555 (186.7) 7,184 (107.8) 1,792 (48.9) 3,653 (72.4) 2,554 (59.3) 1,501 (44.5) 21.8 (0.48) 20.8 (0.24) 19.7 (0.46) 28.2 2003............................... 9,051 (192.6) 7,637 (111.9) 1,925 (50.8) 3,982 (76.0) 2,861 (63.1) 1,727 (48.0) 22.5 (0.48) 21.5 (0.24) 20.8 (0.47) 29.5 2004............................... 9,122 (193.1) 7,705 (112.5) 1,958 (51.3) 3,985 (76.0) 3,072 (65.6) 1,837 (49.6) 21.9 (0.47) 21.1 (0.24) 20.5 (0.46) 28.6 2005............................... 9,368 (196.0) 7,767 (113.1) 1,948 (51.2) 3,977 (75.9) 3,069 (65.6) 1,774 (48.7) 21.8 (0.46) 20.6 (0.23) 19.7 (0.45) 27.7 2006............................... 9,243 (195.7) 7,650 (112.0) 1,922 (50.8) 3,959 (75.7) 3,189 (67.0) 1,848 (49.7) 20.6 (0.44) 19.5 (0.22) 18.9 (0.43) 26.6 2007............................... 9,890 (202.5) 8,248 (117.4) 2,045 (52.5) 4,348 (79.9) 3,527 (70.9) 2,092 (53.2) 21.5 (0.44) 20.6 (0.23) 19.7 (0.44) 28.3 2008............................... 10,987 (211.3) 9,303 (126.7) 2,239 (55.2) 4,888 (85.5) 3,751 (73.4) 2,218 (54.9) 23.2 (0.45) 22.3 (0.23) 21.3 (0.45) 30.3 

2009............................... 12,350 (220.8) 10,345 (135.7) 2,369 (56.9) 5,419 (90.9) 4,176 (78.1) 2,437 (57.8) 25.3 (0.45) 24.2 (0.23) 22.7 (0.46) 32.5 

Asian/Pacific Islander2

1990............................... 858 (88.9) 712 (40.7) — (†) 356 (28.6) 132 (17.3) — (†) 12.2 (1.21) 11.3 (0.60) — (†) 17.0 

1995............................... 1,411 (112.3) 1,112 (51.3) — (†) 532 (35.1) 266 (24.7) — (†) 14.6 (1.11) 13.0 (0.55) — (†) 18.6 1996............................... 1,454 (118.5) 1,172 (54.9) — (†) 553 (37.2) 300 (27.3) — (†) 14.5 (1.13) 13.2 (0.56) — (†) 19.1 1997............................... 1,468 (119.0) 1,116 (53.5) 244 (24.6) 608 (39.1) 313 (27.9) — (†) 14.0 (1.09) 12.0 (0.53) 10.2 (0.97) 19.9 

1998............................... 1,360 (114.9) 1,087 (52.8) 270 (25.9) 542 (36.8) 373 (30.5) — (†) 12.5 (1.02) 11.4 (0.51) 11.0 (0.99) 17.5 

1999............................... 1,285 (111.9) 1,010 (50.8) — (†) 367 (30.2) 275 (26.1) — (†) 10.7 (0.91) 9.6 (0.45) — (†) 11.5 

2000............................... 1,258 (110.8) 895 (47.7) 235 (24.1) 407 (31.8) 289 (26.8) 128 (17.8) 9.9 (0.85) 8.1 (0.41) 8.8 (0.86) 12.5 

2001............................... 1,275 (111.5) 873 (47.1) 234 (24.1) 353 (29.6) 198 (22.1) 105 (16.1) 10.2 (0.87) 8.1 (0.41) 7.8 (0.77) 11.1 

20024 ............................. 1,161 (76.0) 763 (31.3) 210 (16.2) 302 (19.5) 155 (13.9) 85 (10.3) 10.1 (0.65) 7.7 (0.30) 7.4 (0.55) 11.4 

20034 ............................. 1,401 (82.9) 1,017 (36.3) 311 (19.8) 331 (20.4) 242 (17.4) 119 (12.2) 11.8 (0.68) 9.8 (0.33) 10.2 (0.61) 12.1 

20044 ............................. 1,201 (77.2) 812 (32.3) 232 (17.1) 265 (18.2) 135 (13.0) 55 (8.3) 9.8 (0.62) 7.6 (0.29) 7.4 (0.52) 9.4 

20054 ............................. 1,402 (83.0) 970 (35.4) 289 (19.1) 312 (19.8) 189 (15.4) 68 (9.2) 11.1 (0.64) 8.9 (0.30) 9.0 (0.56) 11.0 20064 ............................. 1,353 (81.7) 912 (34.3) 260 (18.1) 351 (21.0) 187 (15.3) 91 (10.7) 10.3 (0.61) 8.0 (0.28) 7.8 (0.52) 12.0 

20074 ............................. 1,349 (81.8) 930 (34.7) 261 (18.1) 345 (20.9) 217 (16.5) 100 (11.2) 10.2 (0.60) 8.1 (0.28) 7.9 (0.52) 11.8 20084 ............................. 1,576 (88.0) 1,192 (39.4) 341 (20.7) 430 (23.3) 209 (16.2) 88 (10.5) 11.8 (0.64) 10.2 (0.31) 9.8 (0.56) 14.2 

20094 ............................. 1,746 (92.4) 1,244 (40.3) 337 (20.6) 444 (23.7) 250 (17.7) 90 (10.6) 12.5 (0.64) 10.1 (0.30) 9.4 (0.54) 13.6 

Table 27. Poverty status of all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1959 through 2009—ContinuedYear and race/ethnicity

Number below the poverty level (in thousands) Percent below the poverty l

All persons

In all families

In families with female householder, 

no husband present 

All persons

In all families

Total Householder1

Related children

under 18 Total

Related children

under 18 Total Householder1

Related 

u

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
52 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Finances

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Finances

—Not available.

1Estimated.

NOTE: Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools include current

expenditures, interest on school debt, and capital outlay. Data for private elementary and

secondary schools are estimated. Expenditures for colleges and universities in 1929–30

and 1939–40 include current-fund expenditures and additions to plant value. Public and private degree-granting institutions data for 1949–50 through 1995–96 are for current-fund

expenditures. Data for private degree-granting institutions for 1996–97 and later years are

for total expenditures. Data for public degree-granting institutions for 1996–97 through

2000–01 are for current expenditures; data for later years are for total expenditures. Data

through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degreegranting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and

participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See

Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously

published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial

Survey of Education in the United States, 1929–30 through 1949–50; Statistics of State

School Systems, 1951–52 through 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through 1986–87; Common Core of Data

(CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2007–08; Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), Financial Statistics of Institutions of

Higher Education, 1965–66 through 1985–86; 1986–87 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Finance Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY87–99), and Spring

2001 through Spring 2010. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,

National Income and Product Accounts Tables, retrieved September 17, 2010, from http://

www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N. (This table was prepared

September 2010.)

Table 28. Expenditures of educational institutions related to the gross domestic product, by level of institution: Selected years, 1929–30 through 

2009–10

Year

Gross domestic

product (GDP)

(in billions of

current dollars) School year

Expenditures for education in current dollars 

 All educational institutions

All elementary and 

secondary schools

 All postsecondary degree-granting 

institutions

Amount

(in millions)

As a

percent of GDP

Amount

(in millions)

As a

percent of GDP

Amount

(in millions)

As a

percent of GDP

1 2 345678 9

1929.................................................. $103.6 1929–30 — — — — $632 0.6

1939.................................................. 92.2 1939–40 — — — — 758 0.8

1949.................................................. 267.2 1949–50 $8,494 3.2 $6,249 2.3 2,246 0.8

1959.................................................. 506.6 1959–60 22,314 4.4 16,713 3.3 5,601 1.1

1961.................................................. 544.8 1961–62 26,828 4.9 19,673 3.6 7,155 1.3

1963.................................................. 617.8 1963–64 32,003 5.2 22,825 3.7 9,178 1.5

1965.................................................. 719.1 1965–66 40,558 5.6 28,048 3.9 12,509 1.7

1967.................................................. 832.4 1967–68 51,558 6.2 35,077 4.2 16,481 2.0

1969.................................................. 984.4 1969–70 64,227 6.5 43,183 4.4 21,043 2.1

1970.................................................. 1,038.3 1970–71 71,575 6.9 48,200 4.6 23,375 2.3

1971.................................................. 1,126.8 1971–72 76,510 6.8 50,950 4.5 25,560 2.3

1972.................................................. 1,237.9 1972–73 82,908 6.7 54,952 4.4 27,956 2.3

1973.................................................. 1,382.3 1973–74 91,084 6.6 60,370 4.4 30,714 2.2

1974.................................................. 1,499.5 1974–75 103,903 6.9 68,846 4.6 35,058 2.3

1975.................................................. 1,637.7 1975–76 114,004 7.0 75,101 4.6 38,903 2.4

1976.................................................. 1,824.6 1976–77 121,793 6.7 79,194 4.3 42,600 2.3

1977.................................................. 2,030.1 1977–78 132,515 6.5 86,544 4.3 45,971 2.3

1978.................................................. 2,293.8 1978–79 143,733 6.3 93,012 4.1 50,721 2.2

1979.................................................. 2,562.2 1979–80 160,075 6.2 103,162 4.0 56,914 2.2

1980.................................................. 2,788.1 1980–81 176,378 6.3 112,325 4.0 64,053 2.3

1981.................................................. 3,126.8 1981–82 190,825 6.1 120,486 3.9 70,339 2.2

1982.................................................. 3,253.2 1982–83 204,661 6.3 128,725 4.0 75,936 2.3

1983.................................................. 3,534.6 1983–84 220,993 6.3 139,000 3.9 81,993 2.3

1984.................................................. 3,930.9 1984–85 239,351 6.1 149,400 3.8 89,951 2.3

1985.................................................. 4,217.5 1985–86 259,336 6.1 161,800 3.8 97,536 2.3

1986.................................................. 4,460.1 1986–87 280,964 6.3 175,200 3.9 105,764 2.4

1987.................................................. 4,736.4 1987–88 301,785 6.4 187,999 4.0 113,786 2.4

1988.................................................. 5,100.4 1988–89 333,245 6.5 209,377 4.1 123,867 2.4

1989.................................................. 5,482.1 1989–90 365,825 6.7 231,170 4.2 134,656 2.5

1990.................................................. 5,800.5 1990–91 395,318 6.8 249,230 4.3 146,088 2.5

1991.................................................. 5,992.1 1991–92 417,944 7.0 261,755 4.4 156,189 2.6

1992.................................................. 6,342.3 1992–93 439,676 6.9 274,435 4.3 165,241 2.6

1993.................................................. 6,667.4 1993–94 460,757 6.9 287,407 4.3 173,351 2.6

1994.................................................. 7,085.2 1994–95 485,169 6.8 302,200 4.3 182,969 2.6

1995.................................................. 7,414.7 1995–96 508,523 6.9 318,046 4.3 190,476 2.6

1996.................................................. 7,838.5 1996–97 538,854 6.9 338,951 4.3 199,903 2.6

1997.................................................. 8,332.4 1997–98 570,471 6.8 361,615 4.3 208,856 2.5

1998.................................................. 8,793.5 1998–99 603,847 6.9 384,638 4.4 219,209 2.5

1999.................................................. 9,353.5 1999–2000 649,322 6.9 412,538 4.4 236,784 2.5

2000.................................................. 9,951.5 2000–01 705,017 7.1 444,811 4.5 260,206 2.6

2001.................................................. 10,286.2 2001–02 752,780 7.3 472,064 4.6 280,715 2.7

2002.................................................. 10,642.3 2002–03 795,691 7.5 492,807 4.6 302,884 2.8

2003.................................................. 11,142.1 2003–04 830,293 7.5 513,542 4.6 316,751 2.8

2004.................................................. 11,867.8 2004–05 875,988 7.4 540,969 4.6 335,019 2.8

2005.................................................. 12,638.4 2005–06 925,712 7.3 572,135 4.5 353,577 2.8

2006.................................................. 13,398.9 2006–07 984,034 7.3 608,495 4.5 375,539 2.8

2007.................................................. 14,061.8 2007–08 1 1,054,200 7.5 645,710 4.6 408,490 2.9

2008.................................................. 14,369.1 2008–09 1 1,080,000 7.5 649,000 4.5 431,000 3.0

2009.................................................. 14,119.0 2009–10 1 1,111,000 7.9 650,000 4.6 461,000 3.3
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 53

Finances

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

2Estimated.

3Data include current-fund expenditures and additions to plant value. 

NOTE: Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary schools include current

expenditures, interest on school debt, and capital outlay. Public and private degree-granting institutions data for 1929–30 through 1995–96 are for current-fund expenditures,

except where noted. Data for private degree-granting institutions for 1996–97 and later

years are for total expenditures. Data for public degree-granting institutions for 1996–97

through 2000–01 are for current expenditures; data for later years are for total expenditures. Postsecondary data through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher education, while

later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s

or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degreegranting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it

includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not

grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been

revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Annual

Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1899–1900 and 1909–10; Biennial Survey of

Education in the United States, 1919–20 through 1949–50; Statistics of State School Systems, 1951–52 through 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and

Secondary Education, 1970–71 through 1986–87; Common Core of Data (CCD), “National

Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2007–08; Higher Education General

Information Survey (HEGIS), Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education,

1965–66 through 1985–86; 1986–87 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Finance Survey,” (IPEDS-F:FY87–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring

2010, and unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 29. Expenditures of educational institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1899–1900 through 2009–10

[In millions]

School year

Current dollars Constant 2008–09 dollars1

Total

Elementary and secondary schools Postsecondary degree-granting institutions

Total

Elementary and 

secondary schools

Postsecondary degreegranting

Total Public Private institutions 2 Total Public Private Total Public

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12

1899–1900.......................... — — $215 — — — — — — ——

1909–10.............................. — — 426 — — — — — — ——

1919–20.............................. — — 1,036 — — — — —— $11,671 —

1929–30.............................. — — 2,317 — $632 3 $292 3 $341 3 — — 29,054 $7,929 3

1939–40.............................. — — 2,344 — 758 3 392 3 367 3 — — 36,005 11,650 3

1949–50.............................. $8,494 $6,249 5,838 $411 2,246 1,154 1,092 $76,991 $56,636 52,911 20,354

1959–60.............................. 22,314 16,713 15,613 1,100 5,601 3,131 2,470 163,015 122,099 114,063 40,916

1969–70.............................. 64,227 43,183 40,683 2,500 21,043 13,250 7,794 364,970 245,392 231,185 119,578

1970–71.............................. 71,575 48,200 45,500 2,700 23,375 14,996 8,379 386,763 260,453 245,863 126,310

1971–72.............................. 76,510 50,950 48,050 2,900 25,560 16,484 9,075 399,112 265,781 250,653 133,331

1972–73.............................. 82,908 54,952 51,852 3,100 27,956 18,204 9,752 415,736 275,555 260,010 140,182

1973–74.............................. 91,084 60,370 56,970 3,400 30,714 20,336 10,377 419,344 277,941 262,287 141,403

1974–75.............................. 103,903 68,846 64,846 4,000 35,058 23,490 11,568 430,640 285,340 268,761 145,300

1975–76.............................. 114,004 75,101 70,601 4,500 38,903 26,184 12,719 441,268 290,687 273,269 150,580

1976–77.............................. 121,793 79,194 74,194 5,000 42,600 28,635 13,965 445,443 289,640 271,353 155,803

1977–78.............................. 132,515 86,544 80,844 5,700 45,971 30,725 15,246 454,161 296,608 277,073 157,553

1978–79.............................. 143,733 93,012 86,712 6,300 50,721 33,733 16,988 450,414 291,470 271,728 158,944

1979–80.............................. 160,075 103,162 95,962 7,200 56,914 37,768 19,146 442,613 285,245 265,337 157,368

1980–81.............................. 176,378 112,325 104,125 8,200 64,053 42,280 21,773 437,067 278,343 258,023 158,724

1981–82.............................. 190,825 120,486 111,186 9,300 70,339 46,219 24,120 435,268 274,826 253,612 160,443

1982–83.............................. 204,661 128,725 118,425 10,300 75,936 49,573 26,363 447,601 281,527 259,000 166,075

1983–84.............................. 220,993 139,000 127,500 11,500 81,993 53,087 28,907 466,070 293,148 268,895 172,922

1984–85.............................. 239,351 149,400 137,000 12,400 89,951 58,315 31,637 485,772 303,213 278,047 182,559

1985–86.............................. 259,336 161,800 148,600 13,200 97,536 63,194 34,342 511,579 319,175 293,136 192,404

1986–87.............................. 280,964 175,200 160,900 14,300 105,764 67,654 38,110 542,205 338,102 310,506 204,103

1987–88.............................. 301,785 187,999 172,699 15,300 113,786 72,641 41,145 559,217 348,366 320,015 210,851

1988–89.............................. 333,245 209,377 192,977 16,400 123,867 78,946 44,922 590,250 370,854 341,806 219,396

1989–90.............................. 365,825 231,170 212,770 18,400 134,656 85,771 48,885 618,447 390,804 359,698 227,642

1990–91.............................. 395,318 249,230 229,430 19,800 146,088 92,961 53,127 633,662 399,495 367,757 234,167

1991–92.............................. 417,944 261,755 241,055 20,700 156,189 98,847 57,342 649,130 406,545 374,395 242,585

1992–93.............................. 439,676 274,435 252,935 21,500 165,241 104,570 60,671 662,199 413,328 380,947 248,871

1993–94.............................. 460,757 287,407 265,307 22,100 173,351 109,310 64,041 676,428 421,935 389,491 254,492

1994–95.............................. 485,169 302,200 279,000 23,200 182,969 115,465 67,504 692,419 431,292 398,181 261,128

1995–96.............................. 508,523 318,046 293,646 24,400 190,476 119,525 70,952 706,527 441,885 407,984 264,642

1996–97.............................. 538,854 338,951 313,151 25,800 199,903 2 125,978 73,925 2 727,901 457,866 423,014 270,035 2

1997–98.............................. 570,471 361,615 334,315 27,300 208,856 2 132,846 76,010 2 757,108 479,922 443,691 277,186 2

1998–99.............................. 603,847 384,638 355,838 28,800 219,209 140,539 78,670 787,766 501,790 464,218 285,975

1999–2000.......................... 649,322 412,538 381,838 30,700 236,784 152,325 84,459 823,324 523,088 484,161 300,236

2000–01.............................. 705,017 444,811 410,811 34,000 260,206 170,345 89,861 864,331 545,326 503,643 319,005

2001–02.............................. 752,780 472,064 435,364 36,700 280,715 183,436 97,280 906,832 568,670 524,459 338,162

2002–03.............................. 795,691 492,807 454,907 37,900 302,884 197,026 105,858 937,913 580,891 536,217 357,022

2003–04.............................. 830,293 513,542 474,242 39,300 316,751 205,069 111,682 957,746 592,373 547,040 365,374

2004–05.............................. 875,988 540,969 499,569 41,400 335,019 215,794 119,225 980,937 605,780 559,420 375,157

2005–06.............................. 925,712 572,135 528,735 43,400 353,577 226,550 127,027 998,590 617,177 570,360 381,413

2006–07.............................. 984,034 608,495 562,195 46,300 375,539 238,829 136,710 1,034,745 639,853 591,167 394,892

2007–08.............................. 1,054,200 645,710 596,610 49,100 408,490 261,046 147,444 1,068,920 654,726 604,941 414,194

2008–092 ............................ 1,080,000 649,000 600,000 49,000 431,000 273,000 158,000 1,080,000 649,000 600,000 431,000

2009–102 ............................ 1,111,000 650,000 602,000 48,000 461,000 289,000 172,000 1,100,000 644,000 596,000 457,000
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.1No longer includes transit subsidies.2Includes judicial and legal expenditures and expenditures on general public buildings and other governmental administration. 

NOTE: Excludes monies paid by states to the federal government. Some data ures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental Finangovs/estimate/. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 30. Amount and percentage distribution of direct general expenditures of state and local governments, by function: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2007Function 1970–71 1980–81 1990–91 1994–95 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Amount (in millions of current dollars)

Total direct general expenditures.......................... $150,674 $407,449 $908,108 $1,146,188 $1,398,533 $1,502,768 $1,621,757 $1,732,478 $1,817,513 $1,903,915 $2,007,490 

Education and libraries .................................................... 60,174 147,649 313,744 383,557 490,100 528,767 571,374 602,954 630,246 664,471 698,106 

Social services and income maintenance ....................... 30,376 92,555 214,919 303,208 338,964 365,226 396,086 433,685 467,625 502,788 536,376 

Public welfare.............................................................. 18,226 54,121 130,402 193,110 215,190 233,350 257,380 281,176 306,463 335,977 360,730 

Hospitals and health .................................................... 11,205 36,101 81,110 105,946 119,361 127,342 134,010 147,065 154,878 160,943 170,193 

Social insurance administration ................................... 945 2,276 3,250 3,946 4,130 4,178 4,359 5,082 5,267 4,364 4,265 

Veterans’ services........................................................ † 57 157 206 283 357 337 361 1,017 1,504 1,189 

Transportation.................................................................. 19,819 39,231 75,410 88,938 110,163 118,974 130,422 136,824 142,255 141,070 149,626 

Public safety .................................................................... 9,416 31,233 79,932 101,157 128,743 137,809 146,544 156,702 162,279 166,899 176,758 

Police and fire protection ............................................. 7,531 21,283 46,568 58,064 74,629 79,900 84,554 90,456 95,215 99,079 104,961 

Correction .................................................................... 1,885 7,393 27,356 35,857 45,598 48,805 52,370 54,615 55,471 56,326 59,102 Protective inspection and regulation............................ † 2,557 6,008 7,236 8,516 9,104 9,620 11,631 11,593 11,494 12,694 

Environment and housing................................................ 11,832 35,223 76,167 93,221 109,930 117,123 124,203 134,033 141,571 146,276 153,398 

Natural resources, parks, and recreation..................... 5,191 13,239 28,505 33,140 41,649 45,272 50,082 52,101 54,573 53,748 55,444 Housing and community development......................... 2,554 7,086 16,648 21,509 25,234 26,590 27,402 31,623 35,275 37,236 40,014 Sewerage and sanitation ............................................. 4,087 14,898 31,014 38,573 43,047 45,261 46,718 50,309 51,723 55,292 57,940 

Governmental administration........................................... 6,703 20,001 48,461 60,018 76,699 81,659 85,910 92,779 98,658 100,067 105,546 

Financial administration ............................................... 2,271 7,230 16,995 22,380 27,593 29,300 30,007 32,660 34,911 34,675 36,695 

General control2 ........................................................... 4,432 12,771 31,466 37,638 49,106 52,360 55,903 60,119 63,747 65,392 68,851 

Interest on general debt................................................... 5,089 17,131 52,234 56,970 67,294 69,814 73,836 75,287 77,277 81,812 81,122 

Other direct general expenditures, not elsewhere 

classified.................................................................... 7,265 24,426 47,242 59,119 76,640 83,395 93,382 100,215 97,602 100,533 106,559 

Percentage distribution

Total direct general expenditures.......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Education and libraries .................................................... 39.9 36.2 34.5 33.5 35.0 35.2 35.2 34.8 34.7 34.9 34.8 

Social services and income maintenance ....................... 20.2 22.7 23.7 26.5 24.2 24.3 24.4 25.0 25.7 26.4 26.7 

Public welfare.............................................................. 12.1 13.3 14.4 16.8 15.4 15.5 15.9 16.2 16.9 17.6 18.0 Hospitals and health .................................................... 7.4 8.9 8.9 9.2 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 

Social insurance administration ................................... 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 Veterans’ services........................................................ † # # # # # # # 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Transportation.................................................................. 13.2 9.6 8.3 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.4 7.5 

Public safety .................................................................... 6.2 7.7 8.8 8.8 9.2 9.2 9.0 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.8 

Police and fire protection ............................................. 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 

Correction .................................................................... 1.3 1.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 Protective inspection and regulation............................ † 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Environment and housing................................................ 7.9 8.6 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 

Natural resources, parks, and recreation..................... 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 Housing and community development......................... 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 

Sewerage and sanitation ............................................. 2.7 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 

Governmental administration........................................... 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 

Financial administration ............................................... 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 General control2 ........................................................... 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 

Interest on general debt................................................... 3.4 4.2 5.8 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.0 

Other direct general expenditures, not elsewhere 

classified.................................................................... 4.8 6.0 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.3 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero. 1Includes state and local government expenditures for education services, social services and income maintenance, transportation,

public safety, environment and housing, governmental administration, interest on general debt, and other general expenditures.

2Includes assistance and subsidies to individuals, private elementary and secondary schools, and private colleges and universities,

as well as miscellaneous education expenditures.

NOTE: Current expenditure data in this table differ from figures appearing in oused in the Governmental Finances and Common Core of Data surveys. Standcensus of state and local governments was conducted; therefore, standard errorbecause of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental F

www.census.gov/govs/estimate/. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 31. Direct general expenditures of state and local governments for all functions and for education, by level of education and state: 2006–07 and 2007–08

[In millions of current dollars]

State

Direct general expenditures,1

2006–07

Direct general expenditures,1 2007–08

Total

For education

Total For education Total for education

Elementary and secondary education Colleges a

Total for

elementary and secondary

Current

expenditure Capital outlay

Total for

colleges and universities

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

United States ............................... $2,258,229 $774,373 $2,400,204 (2,640.2) $826,063 (247.8) $565,631 (226.3) $495,349 $70,283 $223,294 (22.3) 

Alabama ............................................... 30,987 12,031 32,627 (205.6) 13,021 (15.6) 7,737 (14.7) 6,923 814 4,634 (#) 

Alaska................................................... 10,340 2,604 11,523 (32.3) 3,010 (25.6) 2,236 (25.5) 1,930 307 689 (#) 

Arizona ................................................. 39,288 12,972 43,224 (121.0) 14,041 (1.4) 9,184 (0.9) 7,614 1,569 4,250 (#) Arkansas............................................... 17,053 6,777 17,890 (109.1) 6,986 (#) 4,457 (#) 3,993 463 2,164 (#) 

California .............................................. 314,791 98,462 335,283 (1,911.1) 103,871 (10.4) 70,687 (7.1) 61,321 9,366 29,521 (#) 

Colorado ............................................... 33,547 11,544 35,591 (420.0) 12,603 (#) 8,445 (#) 7,287 1,158 3,810 (#) Connecticut........................................... 28,390 10,674 30,415 (103.4) 11,126 (55.6) 8,179 (55.6) 7,408 771 2,295 (#) 

Delaware............................................... 7,750 2,710 8,075 (18.6) 2,878 (#) 1,719 (#) 1,478 241 965 (#) District of Columbia .............................. 8,480 1,546 10,677 (#) 2,227 (#) 2,098 (#) 1,633 465 129 (#) 

Florida................................................... 130,630 39,515 138,485 (692.4) 41,310 (4.1) 30,484 (6.1) 24,499 5,985 8,429 (#) 

Georgia................................................. 63,714 23,258 65,290 (163.2) 25,651 (#) 18,616 (#) 15,912 2,704 5,503 (#) 

Hawaii................................................... 10,995 3,240 11,704 (1.2) 3,394 (#) 2,249 (#) 2,064 185 1,089 (#) 

Idaho..................................................... 8,990 2,970 9,697 (22.3) 3,169 (#) 1,928 (#) 1,835 93 1,091 (#) 

Illinois.................................................... 91,124 30,630 96,219 (490.7) 32,736 (#) 22,986 (#) 20,427 2,559 8,286 (#) 

Indiana.................................................. 42,132 15,465 44,442 (253.3) 15,419 (#) 9,684 (#) 8,742 942 4,889 (#) Iowa ...................................................... 21,634 8,099 23,031 (62.2) 8,690 (#) 5,191 (#) 4,519 672 3,090 (#) Kansas.................................................. 19,377 7,069 20,893 (110.7) 7,506 (#) 4,758 (#) 4,330 428 2,525 (#) 

Kentucky ............................................... 27,108 9,693 29,471 (67.8) 10,633 (#) 6,331 (#) 5,566 765 3,428 (#) 

Louisiana .............................................. 34,646 10,109 41,362 (124.1) 11,810 (#) 7,510 (#) 6,732 779 3,394 (#) 

Maine.................................................... 10,045 3,091 10,309 (24.7) 3,189 (6.7) 2,278 (6.8) 2,163 114 761 (#) Maryland............................................... 42,760 15,655 45,740 (100.6) 17,202 (#) 11,675 (#) 10,329 1,346 4,821 (#) Massachusetts...................................... 54,421 16,797 56,606 (84.9) 17,306 (26.0) 12,490 (26.2) 11,826 664 3,776 (#) 

Michigan ............................................... 69,937 28,208 72,284 (412.0) 28,311 (#) 17,985 (#) 16,670 1,315 9,453 (#) Minnesota ............................................. 40,932 13,882 44,064 (260.0) 14,802 (#) 9,714 (#) 8,578 1,137 4,147 (#) Mississippi ............................................ 22,161 6,717 22,454 (132.5) 7,155 (#) 4,293 (#) 3,916 377 2,536 (#) 

Missouri ................................................ 36,645 12,794 39,260 (251.3) 13,939 (#) 9,537 (#) 8,466 1,071 3,780 (#) Montana................................................ 6,648 2,333 7,258 (15.2) 2,523 (#) 1,535 (#) 1,394 142 836 (#) Nebraska .............................................. 12,508 4,717 13,715 (382.7) 5,090 (#) 3,209 (#) 2,765 444 1,661 (#) 

Nevada ................................................. 17,225 5,679 18,232 (175.0) 6,227 (#) 4,633 (#) 3,575 1,058 1,424 (#) New Hampshire .................................... 8,469 3,261 8,927 (32.1) 3,419 (#) 2,494 (#) 2,330 164 817 (#) 

New Jersey ........................................... 74,972 29,611 78,875 (173.5) 30,503 (#) 24,040 (2.4) 21,482 2,558 5,265 (#) New Mexico .......................................... 16,215 5,552 17,273 (62.2) 5,912 (#) 3,557 (#) 2,988 570 1,996 (#) 

New York............................................... 204,016 60,844 212,375 (743.3) 64,743 (19.4) 51,185 (#) 46,384 4,801 11,560 (22.0) North Carolina ...................................... 59,236 21,572 63,365 (177.4) 22,785 (43.3) 13,468 (43.1) 11,711 1,757 8,586 (6.9) 

North Dakota ........................................ 4,737 1,744 5,119 (16.4) 1,845 (#) 1,021 (#) 933 89 763 (#) Ohio ...................................................... 84,715 29,965 86,440 (458.1) 30,882 (#) 21,136 (#) 18,567 2,569 7,811 (#) 

Oklahoma ............................................. 22,698 8,676 24,005 (57.6) 9,145 (#) 5,584 (#) 5,125 459 3,117 (#) 

Oregon.................................................. 26,335 8,653 28,142 (109.8) 9,674 (#) 6,113 (#) 5,491 622 3,269 (#) Pennsylvania......................................... 91,525 31,552 94,697 (217.8) 33,107 (#) 23,698 (#) 21,146 2,552 7,561 (#) Rhode Island ........................................ 8,537 2,797 8,965 (30.5) 2,936 (18.5) 2,165 (18.4) 2,090 76 584 (#) 

South Carolina...................................... 31,134 11,395 33,653 (104.3) 12,253 (#) 7,920 (#) 6,738 1,182 3,299 (#) 

South Dakota........................................ 4,958 1,613 5,223 (62.7) 1,753 (#) 1,130 (#) 1,015 115 519 (#) 

Tennessee ............................................ 35,993 11,430 37,817 (151.3) 12,376 (78.0) 8,356 (77.7) 7,572 784 3,148 (#) 

Texas .................................................... 147,303 59,001 163,012 (407.5) 65,970 (#) 45,440 (#) 37,306 8,134 18,764 (#) 

Utah ...................................................... 16,762 6,374 18,716 (59.9) 7,471 (#) 4,236 (#) 3,306 930 2,953 (#) Vermont ................................................ 5,272 2,154 5,436 (8.2) 2,215 (#) 1,383 (#) 1,299 84 695 (#) Virginia.................................................. 53,132 20,966 57,091 (239.8) 22,693 (174.7) 15,229 (175.1) 13,373 1,855 6,641 (#) Washington........................................... 49,624 16,537 53,590 (182.2) 18,042 (#) 11,237 (#) 9,440 1,797 5,567 (#) West Virginia......................................... 11,806 4,543 12,420 (44.7) 4,684 (#) 2,814 (#) 2,564 250 1,398 (#) 

Wisconsin ............................................. 40,489 14,879 42,440 (144.3) 15,592 (#) 10,091 (#) 9,400 691 4,967 (#) 

Wyoming............................................... 6,042 2,010 6,802 (38.1) 2,240 (#) 1,507 (#) 1,197 310 637 (#) 
56 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Finances

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes state and local government expenditures for education services, social services and

income maintenance, transportation, public safety, environment and housing, governmental

administration, interest on general debt, and other general expenditures.

2Includes assistance and subsidies to individuals, private elementary and secondary schools, and

private colleges and universities, as well as miscellaneous education expenditures.

NOTE: Per capita amounts are based on population figures as of July 2008. Detail may not sum

to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental Finances, retrieved

August 2, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/govs/estimate/; and GCT-T1 Population Estimates,

retrieved August 6, 2010, from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=

&-ds_name=PEP_2008_EST&-_lang=en&-redoLog=true&-mt_name=PEP_2008_EST_GCTT1

_US40&-format=US-40|U-40Sa|U-40Sb|U-40Sc|U-40Sd|U-40Se|U-40Sf|U-40Sg|U-40Sh|US40S&-CONTEXT=gct. (This table was prepared August 2010).

Table 32. Direct general expenditures per capita of state and local governments for all functions and for education, by level of education and 

state: 2006–07 and 2007–08

State

Direct general expenditures,1

 2006–07 Direct general expenditures,1 2007–08

Total

amount

per capita

For education

Total

amount

per capita

For education

Amount

per capita

As a

percent

of all

functions

All education

Elementary and 

secondary education

Colleges 

and universities Other education2

Amount

per capita

As a

percent

of all

functions

Amount

per capita

As a

percent

of all

functions

Amount

per capita

As a

percent

of all

functions

Amount

per capita

As a

percent

of all

functions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ............................... $7,495 $2,570 34.3 $7,894 $2,717 34.4 $1,860 23.6 $734 9.3 $122 1.5

Alabama ............................................... 6,698 2,600 38.8 6,999 2,793 39.9 1,660 23.7 994 14.2 140 2.0

Alaska................................................... 15,181 3,823 25.2 16,790 4,387 26.1 3,258 19.4 1,004 6.0 124 0.7

Arizona ................................................. 6,184 2,042 33.0 6,650 2,160 32.5 1,413 21.2 654 9.8 93 1.4

Arkansas............................................... 6,025 2,394 39.7 6,265 2,447 39.1 1,561 24.9 758 12.1 128 2.0

California .............................................. 8,653 2,707 31.3 9,122 2,826 31.0 1,923 21.1 803 8.8 100 1.1

Colorado ............................................... 6,927 2,384 34.4 7,205 2,551 35.4 1,710 23.7 771 10.7 70 1.0

Connecticut........................................... 8,135 3,059 37.6 8,687 3,178 36.6 2,336 26.9 656 7.5 186 2.1

Delaware............................................... 8,991 3,144 35.0 9,249 3,297 35.6 1,969 21.3 1,105 12.0 223 2.4

District of Columbia .............................. 14,426 2,630 18.2 18,041 3,762 20.9 3,545 19.6 217 1.2 0 0.0

Florida................................................... 7,178 2,171 30.2 7,556 2,254 29.8 1,663 22.0 460 6.1 131 1.7

Georgia................................................. 6,690 2,442 36.5 6,741 2,648 39.3 1,922 28.5 568 8.4 158 2.3

Hawaii................................................... 8,608 2,536 29.5 9,086 2,634 29.0 1,746 19.2 845 9.3 43 0.5

Idaho..................................................... 6,009 1,985 33.0 6,364 2,079 32.7 1,265 19.9 716 11.2 98 1.5

Illinois.................................................... 7,105 2,388 33.6 7,458 2,537 34.0 1,782 23.9 642 8.6 114 1.5

Indiana.................................................. 6,650 2,441 36.7 6,969 2,418 34.7 1,519 21.8 767 11.0 133 1.9

Iowa ...................................................... 7,252 2,715 37.4 7,670 2,894 37.7 1,729 22.5 1,029 13.4 136 1.8

Kansas.................................................. 6,977 2,545 36.5 7,456 2,679 35.9 1,698 22.8 901 12.1 80 1.1

Kentucky ............................................... 6,399 2,288 35.8 6,903 2,490 36.1 1,483 21.5 803 11.6 205 3.0

Louisiana .............................................. 7,922 2,312 29.2 9,377 2,678 28.6 1,703 18.2 769 8.2 205 2.2

Maine.................................................... 7,637 2,350 30.8 7,831 2,422 30.9 1,730 22.1 578 7.4 114 1.5

Maryland............................................... 7,610 2,786 36.6 8,119 3,053 37.6 2,072 25.5 856 10.5 125 1.5

Massachusetts...................................... 8,414 2,597 30.9 8,711 2,663 30.6 1,922 22.1 581 6.7 160 1.8

Michigan ............................................... 6,959 2,807 40.3 7,226 2,830 39.2 1,798 24.9 945 13.1 87 1.2

Minnesota ............................................. 7,898 2,679 33.9 8,441 2,835 33.6 1,861 22.0 794 9.4 180 2.1

Mississippi ............................................ 7,587 2,300 30.3 7,641 2,435 31.9 1,461 19.1 863 11.3 111 1.5

Missouri ................................................ 6,234 2,176 34.9 6,641 2,358 35.5 1,613 24.3 640 9.6 105 1.6

Montana................................................ 6,949 2,439 35.1 7,502 2,608 34.8 1,587 21.2 864 11.5 156 2.1

Nebraska .............................................. 7,069 2,666 37.7 7,690 2,854 37.1 1,799 23.4 931 12.1 123 1.6

Nevada ................................................. 6,743 2,223 33.0 7,012 2,395 34.2 1,782 25.4 548 7.8 65 0.9

New Hampshire .................................... 6,454 2,485 38.5 6,785 2,599 38.3 1,895 27.9 621 9.1 83 1.2

New Jersey ........................................... 8,664 3,422 39.5 9,084 3,513 38.7 2,769 30.5 606 6.7 138 1.5

New Mexico .......................................... 8,254 2,826 34.2 8,705 2,979 34.2 1,793 20.6 1,006 11.6 181 2.1

New York............................................... 10,500 3,132 29.8 10,896 3,322 30.5 2,626 24.1 593 5.4 102 0.9

North Carolina ...................................... 6,552 2,386 36.4 6,871 2,471 36.0 1,460 21.3 931 13.5 79 1.2

North Dakota ........................................ 7,426 2,733 36.8 7,980 2,876 36.0 1,592 20.0 1,190 14.9 94 1.2

Ohio ...................................................... 7,381 2,611 35.4 7,526 2,689 35.7 1,840 24.5 680 9.0 168 2.2

Oklahoma ............................................. 6,291 2,405 38.2 6,591 2,511 38.1 1,533 23.3 856 13.0 122 1.8

Oregon.................................................. 7,050 2,316 32.9 7,425 2,553 34.4 1,613 21.7 863 11.6 77 1.0

Pennsylvania......................................... 7,369 2,540 34.5 7,607 2,660 35.0 1,904 25.0 607 8.0 148 2.0

Rhode Island ........................................ 8,106 2,656 32.8 8,532 2,794 32.8 2,061 24.2 556 6.5 177 2.1

South Carolina...................................... 7,068 2,587 36.6 7,512 2,735 36.4 1,768 23.5 736 9.8 231 3.1

South Dakota........................................ 6,231 2,027 32.5 6,495 2,180 33.6 1,405 21.6 646 9.9 129 2.0

Tennessee ............................................ 5,853 1,859 31.8 6,085 1,991 32.7 1,344 22.1 507 8.3 140 2.3

Texas .................................................... 6,178 2,475 40.1 6,701 2,712 40.5 1,868 27.9 771 11.5 73 1.1

Utah ...................................................... 6,280 2,388 38.0 6,840 2,730 39.9 1,548 22.6 1,079 15.8 103 1.5

Vermont ................................................ 8,493 3,470 40.9 8,750 3,565 40.7 2,226 25.4 1,119 12.8 220 2.5

Virginia.................................................. 6,901 2,723 39.5 7,348 2,921 39.7 1,960 26.7 855 11.6 106 1.4

Washington........................................... 7,694 2,564 33.3 8,183 2,755 33.7 1,716 21.0 850 10.4 189 2.3

West Virginia......................................... 6,523 2,510 38.5 6,845 2,581 37.7 1,551 22.7 771 11.3 260 3.8

Wisconsin ............................................. 7,232 2,657 36.7 7,541 2,771 36.7 1,793 23.8 883 11.7 95 1.3

Wyoming............................................... 11,548 3,841 33.3 12,769 4,205 32.9 2,829 22.2 1,195 9.4 181 1.4
CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education 57

Finances

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Data for years prior to 1963 include expenditures for government fiscal years ending during

that particular calendar year. Data for 1963 and later years are the aggregations of expenditures for government fiscal years that ended on June 30 of the stated year. General expenditures exclude expenditures of publicly owned utilities and liquor stores, and of insurance-trust

activities. Intergovernmental payments between state and local governments are excluded.

Payments to the federal government are included. 

2Constant dollars based on a chain-price index, which uses the geometric mean of output

weights of adjacent time periods compiled over a time series. Chain-price indexes reflect

changes in prices, while implicit price deflators reflect both changes in prices and in the composition of output. 

3Population of the United States including armed forces overseas. Includes Alaska and Hawaii

beginning in 1960. 

4Resident population of the United States. Includes Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1958. Data

for 1990 and later years include revisions based on the 2000 census. Excludes overseas

armed personnel.

NOTE: Gross domestic product (GDP) data are adjusted by the GDP chained weight price

deflator. Personal income data are adjusted by the personal consumption deflator. Some data

have been revised from previously published figures. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Reports,

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance in the United States, retrieved September 20, 2010,

from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/income.html; Population Estimates, retrieved

September 20, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/2009-nat-res.html;

and State and Local Government Finances, retrieved September 20, 2010, from http://

www.census.gov/govs/www/estimate.html. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts Tables, retrieved September 20, 2010,

from http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=N. (This table was

prepared September 2010.)

Table 33. Gross domestic product, state and local expenditures, personal income, disposable personal income, median family income, and 

population: Selected years, 1929 through 2009

Year

Gross domestic 

product (in billions) 

State and local direct general 

expenditures (in millions)1

Personal

income

(in billions)

Disposable

personal

income (in

billions

of chained

2005 dollars)2

Disposable personal 

income per capita

 Median

family income

Population (in thousands)

Current

dollars

Chained

2005

dollars2

All direct

general

expenditures

Education

expenditures

Current

dollars

Chained

2005 dollars2

Midyear

data3

Resident as

of July 14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12

1929...................................... $103.6 $977.0 — — $84.9 $792.0 $683 $6,498 — 121,878 121,767

1939...................................... 92.2 1,072.8 — — 72.9 861.4 545 6,574 — 131,028 130,880

1940...................................... 101.4 1,166.9 $9,229 $2,638 78.4 918.6 581 6,953 — 132,122 132,122

1950...................................... 293.7 2,006.0 22,787 7,177 228.9 1,401.5 1,384 9,240 $3,319 151,684 152,271

1960...................................... 526.4 2,830.9 51,876 18,719 411.3 1,963.9 2,020 10,865 5,620 180,760 180,671

1970...................................... 1,038.3 4,269.9 131,332 52,718 838.6 3,108.8 3,586 15,158 9,867 205,089 205,052

1971...................................... 1,126.8 4,413.3 150,674 59,413 903.1 3,249.1 3,859 15,644 10,285 207,692 207,661

1972...................................... 1,237.9 4,647.7 168,550 65,814 992.6 3,406.6 4,140 16,228 11,116 209,924 209,896

1973...................................... 1,382.3 4,917.0 181,357 69,714 1,110.5 3,638.2 4,615 17,166 12,051 211,939 211,909

1974...................................... 1,499.5 4,889.9 198,959 75,833 1,222.7 3,610.2 5,010 16,878 12,902 213,898 213,854

1975...................................... 1,637.7 4,879.5 230,721 87,858 1,334.9 3,691.3 5,497 17,091 13,719 215,981 215,973

1976...................................... 1,824.6 5,141.3 256,731 97,216 1,474.7 3,838.3 5,972 17,600 14,958 218,086 218,035

1977...................................... 2,030.1 5,377.7 274,215 102,780 1,632.5 3,970.7 6,514 18,025 16,009 220,289 220,239

1978...................................... 2,293.8 5,677.6 296,984 110,758 1,836.7 4,156.5 7,220 18,670 17,640 222,629 222,585

1979...................................... 2,562.2 5,855.0 327,517 119,448 2,059.5 4,253.8 7,956 18,897 19,587 225,106 225,055

1980...................................... 2,788.1 5,839.0 369,086 133,211 2,301.5 4,295.6 8,794 18,863 21,023 227,726 227,225

1981...................................... 3,126.8 5,987.2 407,449 145,784 2,582.3 4,410.0 9,726 19,173 22,388 230,008 229,466

1982...................................... 3,253.2 5,870.9 436,733 154,282 2,766.8 4,506.5 10,390 19,406 23,433 232,218 231,664

1983...................................... 3,534.6 6,136.2 466,516 163,876 2,952.2 4,655.7 11,095 19,868 24,674 234,333 233,792

1984...................................... 3,930.9 6,577.1 505,008 176,108 3,268.9 4,989.1 12,232 21,105 26,433 236,394 235,825

1985...................................... 4,217.5 6,849.3 553,899 192,686 3,496.7 5,144.8 12,911 21,571 27,735 238,506 237,924

1986...................................... 4,460.1 7,086.5 605,623 210,819 3,696.0 5,315.0 13,540 22,083 29,458 240,683 240,133

1987...................................... 4,736.4 7,313.3 657,134 226,619 3,924.4 5,402.4 14,146 22,246 30,970 242,843 242,289

1988...................................... 5,100.4 7,613.9 704,921 242,683 4,231.2 5,635.6 15,206 22,997 32,191 245,061 244,499

1989...................................... 5,482.1 7,885.9 762,360 263,898 4,557.5 5,785.1 16,134 23,385 34,213 247,387 246,819

1990...................................... 5,800.5 8,033.9 834,818 288,148 4,846.7 5,896.3 17,004 23,568 35,353 250,181 249,623

1991...................................... 5,992.1 8,015.1 908,108 309,302 5,031.5 5,945.9 17,532 23,453 35,939 253,530 252,981

1992...................................... 6,342.3 8,287.1 981,253 324,652 5,347.3 6,155.3 18,436 23,958 36,573 256,922 256,514

1993...................................... 6,667.4 8,523.4 1,033,167 342,287 5,568.1 6,258.2 18,909 24,044 36,959 260,282 259,919

1994...................................... 7,085.2 8,870.7 1,077,665 353,287 5,874.8 6,459.0 19,678 24,517 38,782 263,455 263,126

1995...................................... 7,414.7 9,093.7 1,146,188 378,273 6,200.9 6,651.6 20,470 24,951 40,611 266,588 266,278

1996...................................... 7,838.5 9,433.9 1,189,356 398,859 6,591.6 6,870.9 21,355 25,475 42,300 269,714 269,394

1997...................................... 8,332.4 9,854.3 1,247,436 419,053 7,000.7 7,113.5 22,255 26,061 44,568 272,958 272,647

1998...................................... 8,793.5 10,283.5 1,314,496 450,365 7,525.4 7,538.8 23,534 27,299 46,737 276,154 275,854

1999...................................... 9,353.5 10,779.8 1,398,533 483,259 7,910.8 7,766.7 24,356 27,805 48,950 279,328 279,040

2000...................................... 9,951.5 11,226.0 1,502,768 521,612 8,559.4 8,161.5 25,944 28,899 50,732 282,418 282,172

2001...................................... 10,286.2 11,347.2 1,621,757 563,572 8,883.3 8,360.1 26,805 29,299 51,407 285,335 285,082

2002...................................... 10,642.3 11,553.0 1,732,478 594,694 9,060.1 8,637.1 27,799 29,976 51,680 288,133 287,804

2003...................................... 11,142.1 11,840.7 1,817,513 621,335 9,378.1 8,853.9 28,805 30,442 52,680 290,845 290,326

2004...................................... 11,867.8 12,263.8 1,903,915 655,182 9,937.2 9,155.1 30,287 31,193 54,061 293,502 293,046

2005...................................... 12,638.4 12,638.4 2,007,490 688,314 10,485.9 9,277.3 31,318 31,318 56,194 296,229 295,753

2006...................................... 13,398.9 12,976.2 2,116,464 728,922 11,268.1 9,650.7 33,157 32,271 58,407 299,052 298,593

2007...................................... 14,061.8 13,228.9 2,258,229 774,373 11,912.3 9,874.2 34,512 32,693 61,355 302,025 301,580

2008...................................... 14,369.1 13,228.8 2,400,204 826,063 12,391.1 10,042.9 35,931 32,946 61,521 304,831 304,375

2009...................................... 14,119.0 12,880.6 — — 12,174.9 10,099.8 35,888 32,847 60,088 307,483 307,007
58 CHAPTER 1: All Levels of Education

Finances

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Index for urban wage earners and clerical workers through 1977; 1978 and later figures are for

all urban consumers.

2Consumer Price Index adjusted to a school-year basis (July through June). 3Beginning in 2001–02, components of index were weighted through a regression methodology.

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and

Product Accounts, retrieved September 17, 2010, from http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index, retrieved September 17, 2010, from ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt. Commonfund Institute,

Higher Education Price Index, retrieved September 17, 2010, from http://www.common fund.org/

CommonfundInstitute/HEPI/Pages/default.aspx. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2011, Historical Tables. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 34. Gross domestic product price index, Consumer Price Index, education price indexes, and federal budget composite deflator: Selected 

years, 1919 through 2009

Calendar year School year Federal fiscal year

Year

Gross domestic

product

price index

Consumer

Price Index1 Year

Consumer

Price Index2

Higher

Education

Price Index3

Research and

Development

Index

Academic

Library

Operations Index Year

Federal budget

composite

deflator

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1919............................. — 17.3 1919–20 19.1 — — — 1919 .......................... —

1929............................. 10.584 17.1 1929–30 17.1 — — — 1929 .......................... —

1939............................. 8.591 13.9 1939–40 14.0 — — — 1939 .......................... —

1949............................. 14.502 23.8 1949–50 23.7 — — — 1949 .......................... 0.1024

1950............................. 14.615 24.1 1950–51 25.1 — — — 1950 .......................... 0.1064

1951............................. 15.622 26.0 1951–52 26.3 — — — 1951 .......................... 0.1047

1952............................. 15.962 26.5 1952–53 26.7 — — — 1952 .......................... 0.1041

1953............................. 16.164 26.7 1953–54 26.9 — — — 1953 .......................... 0.1124

1954............................. 16.328 26.9 1954–55 26.8 — — — 1954 .......................... 0.1163

1955............................. 16.562 26.8 1955–56 26.9 — — — 1955 .......................... 0.1203

1956............................. 17.133 27.2 1956–57 27.7 — — — 1956 .......................... 0.1263

1957............................. 17.733 28.1 1957–58 28.6 — — — 1957 .......................... 0.1327

1958............................. 18.142 28.9 1958–59 29.0 — — — 1958 .......................... 0.1405

1959............................. 18.348 29.1 1959–60 29.4 — — — 1959 .......................... 0.1460

1960............................. 18.604 29.6 1960–61 29.8 25.6 26.7 — 1960 .......................... 0.1466

1961............................. 18.814 29.9 1961–62 30.1 26.5 27.5 — 1961 .......................... 0.1507

1962............................. 19.071 30.2 1962–63 30.4 27.6 28.5 — 1962 .......................... 0.1511

1963............................. 19.273 30.6 1963–64 30.8 28.6 29.5 — 1963 .......................... 0.1579

1964............................. 19.572 31.0 1964–65 31.2 29.8 30.7 — 1964 .......................... 0.1599

1965............................. 19.928 31.5 1965–66 31.9 31.3 32.0 — 1965 .......................... 0.1620

1966............................. 20.493 32.4 1966–67 32.9 32.9 33.8 — 1966 .......................... 0.1658

1967............................. 21.124 33.4 1967–68 34.0 34.9 35.7 — 1967 .......................... 0.1700

1968............................. 22.022 34.8 1968–69 35.7 37.1 38.0 — 1968 .......................... 0.1765

1969............................. 23.110 36.7 1969–70 37.8 39.5 40.3 — 1969 .......................... 0.1881

1970............................. 24.328 38.8 1970–71 39.7 42.1 42.7 — 1970 .......................... 0.1991

1971............................. 25.545 40.5 1971–72 41.2 44.3 45.0 — 1971 .......................... 0.2133

1972............................. 26.647 41.8 1972–73 42.8 46.7 47.1 — 1972 .......................... 0.2283

1973............................. 28.124 44.4 1973–74 46.6 49.9 50.1 — 1973 .......................... 0.2412

1974............................. 30.669 49.3 1974–75 51.8 54.3 54.8 — 1974 .......................... 0.2621

1975............................. 33.577 53.8 1975–76 55.5 57.8 59.0 57.3 1975 .......................... 0.2889

1976............................. 35.505 56.9 1976–77 58.7 61.5 62.7 61.6 1976 .......................... 0.3117

1977............................. 37.764 60.6 1977–78 62.6 65.7 66.8 65.8 1977 .......................... 0.3371

1978............................. 40.413 65.2 1978–79 68.5 70.5 71.7 71.4 1978 .......................... 0.3588

1979............................. 43.773 72.6 1979–80 77.6 77.5 78.3 78.5 1979 .......................... 0.3902

1980............................. 47.776 82.4 1980–81 86.6 85.8 86.6 86.1 1980 .......................... 0.4318

1981............................. 52.281 90.9 1981–82 94.1 93.9 94.0 94.0 1981 .......................... 0.4789

1982............................. 55.467 96.5 1982–83 98.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 1982 .......................... 0.5136

1983............................. 57.655 99.6 1983–84 101.8 104.8 104.3 105.1 1983 .......................... 0.5393

1984............................. 59.823 103.9 1984–85 105.8 110.8 109.8 111.2 1984 .......................... 0.5675

1985............................. 61.633 107.6 1985–86 108.8 116.3 115.2 117.6 1985 .......................... 0.5868

1986............................. 63.003 109.6 1986–87 111.2 120.9 120.0 124.2 1986 .......................... 0.6020

1987............................. 64.763 113.6 1987–88 115.8 126.2 126.8 130.0 1987 .......................... 0.6210

1988............................. 66.990 118.3 1988–89 121.2 132.8 132.1 138.6 1988 .......................... 0.6398

1989............................. 69.520 124.0 1989–90 127.0 140.8 139.0 147.4 1989 .......................... 0.6634

1990............................. 72.213 130.7 1990–91 133.9 148.2 145.8 155.7 1990 .......................... 0.6840

1991............................. 74.762 136.2 1991–92 138.2 153.5 150.6 163.3 1991 .......................... 0.7162

1992............................. 76.537 140.3 1992–93 142.5 157.9 155.2 169.8 1992 .......................... 0.7436

1993............................. 78.222 144.5 1993–94 146.2 163.3 160.1 176.7 1993 .......................... 0.7637

1994............................. 79.867 148.2 1994–95 150.4 168.1 165.4 183.9 1994 .......................... 0.7780

1995............................. 81.533 152.4 1995–96 154.5 173.0 170.8 192.6 1995 .......................... 0.7992

1996............................. 83.083 156.9 1996–97 158.9 178.4 — — 1996 .......................... 0.8184

1997............................. 84.554 160.5 1997–98 161.7 184.7 — — 1997 .......................... 0.8356

1998............................. 85.507 163.0 1998–99 164.5 189.1 — — 1998 .......................... 0.8436

1999............................. 86.766 166.6 1999–2000 169.3 196.9 — — 1999 .......................... 0.8554

2000............................. 88.648 172.2 2000–01 175.1 208.7 — — 2000 .......................... 0.8767

2001............................. 90.654 177.1 2001–02 178.2 212.7 — — 2001 .......................... 0.8988

2002............................. 92.113 179.9 2002–03 182.1 223.5 — — 2002 .......................... 0.9135

2003............................. 94.099 184.0 2003–04 186.1 231.7 — — 2003 .......................... 0.9375

2004............................. 96.769 188.9 2004–05 191.7 240.8 — — 2004 .......................... 0.9644

2005............................. 100.000 195.3 2005–06 199.0 253.1 — — 2005 .......................... 1.0000

2006............................. 103.263 201.6 2006–07 204.1 260.3 — — 2006 .......................... 1.0356

2007............................. 106.221 207.3 2007–08 211.7 273.2 — — 2007 .......................... 1.0638

2008............................. 108.481 215.3 2008–09 214.7 279.3 — — 2008 .......................... 1.1029

2009............................. 109.618 214.5 2009–10 216.7 281.8 — — 2009 .......................... 1.1040
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 59

CHAPTER 2

Elementary and Secondary Education

This chapter contains a variety of statistics on public and

private elementary and secondary education. Data are presented for enrollments, teachers and other school staff,

schools, dropouts, achievement, school violence, and revenues and expenditures. These data are derived from surveys,

censuses, and administrative data collections conducted by

the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and

other public and private organizations. The information

ranges from counts of students and schools to state graduation requirements. 

Enrollments

Public elementary and secondary school enrollment rose

from 48.5 million in 2003 to 49.3 million in 2008 (an increase

of 1 percent), but enrollment at the elementary and secondary

levels increased at different rates (table 39 and figure 6). Public elementary enrollment (prekindergarten through grade 8)

was 0.2 percent higher in 2008 (34.3 million) than in 2003

(34.2 million), while public secondary enrollment was 4 percent higher in 2008 (15.0 million) than in 2003 (14.3 million). Enrollments in private elementary and secondary

schools decreased by an estimated 2 percent between 2003

and 2008, from 6.1 million to 6.0 million (table 3).

In 2009, about 63 percent of 3- to 5-year-olds were enrolled

in preprimary education (nursery school and kindergarten),

similar to the proportion in 2000 (table 52 and figure 7). However, the percentage of children in full-day programs increased

from 2000 to 2009. In 2009, about 61 percent of the children

enrolled in preprimary education attended a full-day preprimary program, compared with 53 percent in 2000. 

A higher percentage of 4-year-old children (57 percent)

were cared for primarily in center-based programs during the

day in 2005–06 than were cared for in home-based settings

by their parents (20 percent), in home-based settings by relatives (13 percent), or in home-based settings by nonrelatives

(8 percent) (table 55). There were differences in the average

quality of care children received in these settings. A higher

percentage of children in Head Start and other center-based

programs (35 percent) received high-quality care than those

in home-based relative and nonrelative care (9 percent),

according to the ratings of trained observers (table 56). 

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),

enacted in 1975, mandates that children and youth ages 3–21

with disabilities be provided a free and appropriate public

school education. The percentage of total public school enrollment that represents children served by federally supported

special education programs increased from 8.3 percent to

13.2 percent between 1976–77 and 2008–09 (table 45). Much

of this overall increase can be attributed to a rise in the percentage of students identified as having specific learning disabilities from 1976–77 (1.8 percent) to 1990–91 (5.2 percent).

The overall percentage of students being served in programs

for those with disabilities decreased between 2003–04

(13.7 percent) and 2008–09 (13.2 percent). However, there

were different patterns of change in the percentages served

with some specific conditions between 2003–04 and 2008–09.

The percentage of children identified as having other health

impairments (limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to

chronic or acute health problems such as a heart condition,

tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, nephritis, asthma, sickle cell

anemia, hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or

diabetes) rose from 1.0 to 1.3 percent of total public school

enrollment; the percentage with autism rose from 0.3 to 0.7

percent; and the percentage with developmental delays rose

from 0.6 to 0.7 percent. The percentage of children with specific learning disabilities declined from 5.8 percent to 5.0 percent of total public school enrollment during this period. In fall

2008, some 95 percent of 6- to 21-year-old students with disabilities were served in regular schools; 3 percent were served

in a separate school for students with disabilities; 1 percent

were placed in regular private schools by their parents; and

less than 1 percent each were served in one of the following

environments: in a separate residential facility, homebound or

in a hospital, or in a correctional facility (table 46).
60 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Teachers and Other School Staff

During the 1970s and early 1980s, public school enrollment decreased, while the number of teachers generally

increased. For public schools, the number of pupils per

teacher—that is, the pupil/teacher ratio1—declined from

22.3 in 1970 to 17.9 in 1985 (table 68 and figure 6). After

1985, the public school pupil/teacher ratio continued to

decline, reaching 17.2 in 1989. After a period of relative stability during the late 1980s through the mid-1990s, the ratio

declined from 17.3 in 1995 to 16.0 in 2000. Decreases have

continued since then, and the public school pupil/teacher

ratio was 15.3 in 2008. By comparison, the pupil/teacher

ratio for private schools was estimated at 13.1 in 2008. The

average class size in 2007–08 was 20.0 pupils for public elementary schools and 23.4 pupils for public secondary

schools (table 71).

In 2007–08, some 76 percent of public school teachers

were female, 44 percent were under age 40, and 52 percent

had a master’s or higher degree (table 72). Compared with

public school teachers, a lower percentage of private school

teachers were female (74 percent), were under age 40 (39

percent), and had a master’s or higher degree (38 percent).

Public school principals tend to be older and have more

advanced credentials than public school teachers. In

2007–08, some 19 percent of public school principals were

under age 40, and 99 percent of public school principals had

a master’s or higher degree (table 89). A lower percentage of

principals than of teachers were female: about 50 percent of

public school principals were female, compared with 76 percent of teachers.

From 1969–70 to 1980, there was an 8 percent increase

in the number of public school teachers, compared with a

48 percent increase in the number of all other public school

staff2

 (table B and table 84). Consequently, the percentage

of staff who were teachers declined from 60 percent in

1969–70 to 52 percent in 1980. From 1980 to 2008, the

number of teachers and the number of all other staff grew at

more similar rates (47 and 56 percent, respectively) than

they did in the 1970s. As a result, the proportion of teachers

among total staff was 1 percentage point lower in 2008 than

in 1980, in contrast to the decrease of 8 percentage points

during the 1970s. Two staff categories increased more than

100 percent between 1980 and 2008—instructional aides,

which rose 125 percent, and instructional coordinators,

which rose 257 percent. Taken together, the percentage of

1 The pupil/teacher ratio is based on all teachers—including teachers for

students with disabilities and other special teachers—and all students

enrolled in the fall of the school year. Unlike the pupil/teacher ratio, the

average class size excludes students and teachers in classes that are exclusively for special education students. Class size averages are based on surveys of teachers reporting on the counts of students in their classes. 

2 “All other public school staff” includes administrative staff, principals,

librarians, guidance counselors, secretaries, custodial staff, food service

workers, school bus drivers, and other professional and nonprofessional staff.

staff with some instructional responsibilities (teachers and

instructional aides) increased from 60 to 63 percent between

1980 and 2008. In 2008, there were 8 pupils per staff member (total staff) at public schools, compared with 10 pupils

per staff member in 1980. At private schools in 2007, by

comparison, the number of pupils per staff member was 7

(table 64).

Schools 

During most of the last century, the trend to consolidate

small schools brought declines in the total number of public

schools in the United States. In 1929–30, there were approximately 248,000 public schools, compared with about

99,000 in 2008–09 (table 90). But this number has increased

over the past 10 years: between 1998–99 and 2008–09, there

was an increase of approximately 7,800 schools. Since the

early 1970s, public school systems have been shifting away

from junior high schools (schools consisting of either grades

7 and 8 or grades 7 to 9) and toward middle schools (a subset

of elementary schools beginning with grade 4, 5, or 6 and

ending with grade 6, 7, or 8) (table 97). Although the number

of all elementary schools (schools beginning with grade 6 or

below and having no grade higher than 8) was 1 percent

lower in 1998–99 than in 1970–71 (63,500 vs. 64,000), the

number of middle schools was 439 percent higher in

1998–99 than in 1970–71 (11,200 vs. 2,100). During the

same period, the number of junior high schools declined by

53 percent (from 7,800 in 1970–71 to 3,600 in 1998–99).

Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, the number of all elementary schools rose by 6 percent to 67,100, while the subset of

middle schools rose by 17 percent to 13,100. During the

same period, the number of junior high schools declined by

16 percent to 3,000. 

The average number of students in public elementary

schools declined from 478 students in 1998–99 to 470 students in 2008–09 (table 99). The average enrollment size of

public secondary schools increased from 707 students in

1998–99 to 722 in 2003–04, but then decreased to an average of 704 students in 2008–09. The average size of regular

public secondary schools, which exclude alternative, special

education, and vocational education schools, rose from

786 students to 807 between 1998–99 and 2008–09.

Table B. Number of public school staff, by selected categories: 

1969–70, 1980, and 2008

[In thousands]

Selected staff category 1969–70 1980 2008

Total .................................................... 3,361 4,168 6,318

Teachers.................................................. 2,016 2,184 3,219

Instructional aides ................................... 57 326 734

Instructional coordinators........................ 32 21 73

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State Schools Systems, 1969–70; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1980; and Common Core of Data (CCD), 2008.
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 61

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

High School Graduates 

and Dropouts

About 3,252,000 high school students are expected to

graduate during the 2010–11 school year (table 110), including 2,937,000 public school graduates and 315,000 private

school graduates. High school graduates include only recipients of diplomas, not recipients of equivalency credentials.

The 2010–11 projection of high school graduates is lower

than the record-high projection of 3,319,000 graduates for

2008–09, but exceeds the high point during the baby boom

era in 1975–76, when 3,142,000 students earned diplomas.

In 2007–08, an estimated 74.7 percent of public high school

students graduated on time—that is, received a diploma

4 years after beginning their freshman year (table 112). 

The number of General Educational Development (GED)

credentials issued by the states to GED test passers rose from

330,000 in 1977 to 487,000 in 2000 (table 114). A record

number of 648,000 GED credentials were issued in 2001. In

2002, there were revisions to the GED test and to the data

reporting procedures. In 2001, test takers were required to

successfully complete all five components of the GED or

else begin the five-part series again with the new test that

was introduced in 2002. Prior to 2002, reporting was based

on summary data from the states on the number of GED credentials issued. As of 2002, reporting has been based on

individual GED candidate- and test-level records collected

by the GED Testing Service. In 2009, some 448,000 passed

the GED tests, up from 330,000 in 2002, the first year of the

new test series.3

The percentage of dropouts among 16- to 24-year-olds

has shown some decreases over the past 20 years. This percentage, known as the status dropout rate, includes all people in the 16- to 24-year-old age group who are not enrolled

in school and who have not completed a high school program, regardless of when they left school. (People who left

school but went on to receive a GED credential are not

treated as dropouts.) Between 1989 and 2009, the status

dropout rate declined from 12.6 to 8.1 percent (table 115).

Although the status dropout rate declined for both Blacks

and Hispanics during this period, their rates (9.3 and 17.6

percent, respectively) remained higher than the rate for

Whites (5.2 percent) in 2009. This measure is based on the

civilian noninstitutionalized population, which excludes

people in prisons, people in the military, and other people

not living in households.

Achievement

Most of the student performance data in the Digest are

drawn from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The NAEP assessments have been conducted

3 Information on changes in GED test series and reporting is based on the

2003 edition of Who Passed the GED Tests?, by the GED Testing Service of

the American Council on Education, as well as communication with staff of

the GED Testing Service.

using three basic designs: the national main NAEP, state

NAEP, and long-term trend NAEP. The main NAEP reports

current information for the nation and specific geographic

regions of the country. The assessment program includes

students drawn from both public and nonpublic schools and

reports results for student achievement at grades 4, 8, and

12. The main NAEP assessments follow the frameworks

developed by the National Assessment Governing Board

and use the latest advances in assessment methodology.

Because the assessment items reflect curricula associated

with specific grade levels, the main NAEP uses samples of

students at those grade levels.

Since 1990, NAEP assessments have also been conducted at the state level. Each participating state receives

assessment results that report on the performance of students

in that state. In its content, the state assessment is identical to

the assessment conducted nationally. From 1990 through

2001, the national sample was a subset of the combined sample of students assessed in each participating state along

with an additional sample from the states that did not participate in the state assessment. For mathematics and reading

assessments since 2002, a combined sample of public

schools has been selected for both 4th- and 8th-grade state

and national NAEP.

NAEP long-term trend assessments are designed to give

information on the changes in the basic achievement level

of America’s youth since the early 1970s. They are administered nationally and report student performance in reading

and mathematics at ages 9, 13, and 17. Measuring longterm trends of student achievement requires the precise

replication of past procedures. For example, students of

specific ages are sampled in order to maintain consistency

with the original sample design. Similarly, the long-term

trend instrument does not evolve based on changes in curricula or in educational practices. The differences in procedures between the main NAEP and the long-term trend

NAEP mean that their results cannot be compared directly.

Reading

Reported on a scale of 0 to 500, NAEP long-term trend

results in reading are available for 12 assessment years

going back to the first in 1971. The average reading score for

9-year-olds was higher in 2008 than in all previous assessment years, increasing 4 points since 2004 and 12 points in

comparison to 1971 (table 124). While the average score for

13-year-olds in 2008 was higher than in both 2004 and 1971,

it was not significantly different from the scores in some

assessment years in between. The average reading score for

17-year-olds was higher in 2008 than in 2004 but was not

significantly different from the score in 1971. 

White, Black, and Hispanic 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds all

had higher average reading scores in 2008 than they did in the

first assessment year (which is 1975 for Hispanic students

because separate data for Hispanics were not collected in

1971). At age 9, White, Black, and Hispanic students scored

higher in 2008, on average, than in any previous assessment
62 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

year. In comparison to 2004, average reading scores were

higher in 2008 for White students at all three ages, for Black

students at ages 9 and 13, and for Hispanic students at age 9.

Reading results for 2008 continued to show gaps in scores

between White and Black students (ranging from 21 to 29

points, depending on age) and between White and Hispanic

students (ranging from 21 to 26 points). From 2004 to 2008,

no significant changes were seen in these reading score gaps.

However, the White-Black reading gap was smaller in 2008

than in 1971 at all three ages, and the White-Hispanic reading

gap narrowed at ages 9 and 17 in comparison to 1975. 

In 2008, female students continued to have higher average

reading scores than male students at all three ages. The gap

between male and female 9-year-olds was 7 points in 2008;

this was not significantly different from the gap in 2004 but

was narrower than the gap in 1971. The 8-point gender gap

for 13-year-olds in 2008 was not significantly different from

the gaps in either 2004 or 1971. At age 17, the 11-point gap

between males and females in 2008 was not significantly different from the gaps in any of the previous assessment years.

The main NAEP assessment data were first collected in

1992 and are reported on a scale of 0 to 500. From 2007 to

2009, there were no measurable changes in average reading scores for 4th-grade males and females or for 4th-grade

students from any of the five racial/ethnic groups (table

125). From 1992 to 2009, male 4th-graders’ average reading scores increased from 213 to 218 and female 4th-graders’ scores increased from 221 to 224 (table 126). At grade

4, the average reading scores in 2009 for White, Black,

Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/

Alaska Native students were not measurably different

from their scores in 2007 (table 125). The 2009 reading

scores for White, Black, and Hispanic students did, however, remain higher than scores from assessment years

prior to 2007. The 2009 average NAEP reading scale score

for 8th-graders was 1 point higher than the 2007 score and

4 points higher than the 1992 score, but the 2009 score was

not always measurably different from the scores on the

assessments given between 1994 and 2005. For 12th-graders, the 2009 average reading score was 4 points lower

than the score in 1992 but 2 points higher than the score in

2005 (12th-graders were not assessed in 2007).

The 2009 main NAEP reading assessment of states

found that the average reading proficiency of public school

4th- and 8th-graders varied across participating jurisdictions (the 50 states, the Department of Defense overseas and

domestic schools, and the District of Columbia). For 4thgraders in public schools, the U.S. average score was 220,

with average scores in participating jurisdictions ranging

from 202 in the District of Columbia to 234 in Massachusetts (table 129). For 8th-graders in public schools, the U.S.

average score was 262, with average scores in participating

jurisdictions ranging from 242 in the District of Columbia

to 274 in Massachusetts (table 130).

Mathematics

NAEP long-term trend mathematics results, reported on a

scale of 0 to 500, are available for 11 assessment years,

going back to the first in 1973. Average mathematics scores

for 9- and 13-year-olds were higher in 2008 than in all previous assessment years (table 140). The average score for

9-year-olds in 2008 was 4 points higher than in 2004 and

24 points higher than in 1973. For 13-year-olds, the average

score in 2008 was 3 points higher than in 2004 (based on

unrounded scores) and 15 points higher than in 1973. In contrast, the average score for 17-year-olds in 2008 was not significantly different from the scores in 2004 and 1973.

White, Black, and Hispanic 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds all

had higher average mathematics scores in 2008 than in

1973. In comparison to 2004, average mathematics scores

were higher in 2008 for White students at age 9. From 2004

to 2008, there were no significant changes in scores for 9-,

13-, and 17-year-old Black and Hispanic students or for 13-

and 17-year-old White students. Mathematics results for

2008 continued to show score gaps between White and Hispanic students (ranging from 16 to 23 points, depending on

age) and between White and Black students (ranging from

26 to 28 points). Across all three age groups, neither the

White-Black gap nor the White-Hispanic gap in mathematics scores changed significantly from 2004 to 2008, but

both were smaller in 2008 than in 1973.

While there was no significant difference between the

average mathematics scores of male and female 9-year-olds

in 2008, male students did score higher than female students

at ages 13 and 17. At age 13, the 4-point gap between males

and females in 2008 was not significantly different when

compared to the gap in 2004, but it was larger than the gap

in 1973. At age 17, the 5-point gender score gap in 2008

was not significantly different from the gaps in previous

assessment years.

On the main NAEP mathematics assessment, gains in

average scores seen in earlier years continued from 2007 to

2009 at grade 8 but not at grade 4. At grade 8, the average

NAEP mathematics score (reported on a scale of 0 to 500)

increased 2 points from 2007 to 2009 and was higher in

2009 than in any previous assessment year (table 146). At

grade 4, the average score in 2009 was unchanged from the

score in 2007 but still higher than the scores in the six

assessment years from 1990 to 2005. From 2007 to 2009,

no significant score changes occurred at grade 4 for males

or females or for any of the racial/ethnic groups. At grade 8,

average scores increased from 2007 to 2009 for both male

and female students as well as for White, Black, Hispanic,

and Asian/Pacific Islander students. For American Indian/

Alaska Native 8th-graders, no measurable differences were

detected in average scores over the assessment years.

Because of major changes to the grade 12 mathematics

assessment, results from 2005 and 2009 cannot be compared

with results from earlier assessment years. For 12th-graders,

the average mathematics score (reported on a scale of 0 to

300) was 3 points higher in 2009 than in 2005. Average
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 63

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

scores increased from 2005 to 2009 for both male and

female 12th-graders as well as for 12th-graders from all the

racial/ethnic groups.

The 2009 main NAEP assessment of states found that the

average mathematics proficiency of public school 4th- and

8th-graders varied across participating jurisdictions (the

50 states, the Department of Defense overseas and domestic

schools, and the District of Columbia). For 4th-graders in

public schools, the U.S. average score was 239, with average

scores in participating jurisdictions ranging from 219 in the

District of Columbia to 251 in New Hampshire and 252 in

Massachusetts (table 143). For 8th-graders in public schools,

the U.S. average score was 282, with average scores in participating jurisdictions ranging from 254 in the District of

Columbia to 299 in Massachusetts (table 144).

Science

NAEP has assessed the science abilities of students in

grades 4, 8, and 12 since 1996, using a separate scale of 0 to

300 for each grade. From 1996 to 2005, the national average

4th-grade science score increased from 147 to 151, there

was no measurable change in the 8th-grade score, and the

12th-grade score decreased from 150 to 147 (table 148).

Certain subgroups outperformed others in science in 2005.

For example, males outperformed females at all three

grades. White students scored higher, on average, than

Black and Hispanic students at all three grades in 2005. At

4th grade, average scores were higher for White, Black,

Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander students in 2005 than

in 1996. At 8th grade, the average score for Black students

was higher in 2005 than in 1996, but no measurable

increases occurred for other racial/ethnic groups from 1996

to 2005. At 12th grade, there were no measurable changes

in average scores for any racial/ethnic group when comparing results from 2005 with those from 1996. Asian/Pacific

Islander 4th-graders’ results from 2000 are not included

because reporting standards were not met.

Skills of Young Children

In addition to student performance data available through

NAEP, the Digest presents data from other surveys to provide additional perspectives on student achievement. Differences among demographic groups in the acquisition of

cognitive skills have been demonstrated at relatively early

ages in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey, Birth

Cohort (ECLS-B) (tables 119, 120, and 121). 

In 2003–04, about 64 percent of 2-year-olds demonstrated proficiency in expressive vocabulary, which measured toddlers’ ability to communicate using gestures,

words, and sentences (table 119). The percentage of 2-yearolds demonstrating expressive vocabulary was higher for

females (69 percent) than for males (59 percent). Also, a

higher percentage of White (71 percent) and Asian (62 percent) 2-year-olds demonstrated expressive vocabulary than

of Black, Hispanic, or American Indian/Alaska Native 2-yearolds (56, 54, and 50 percent, respectively). The percentage

of 2-year-olds from families with high socioeconomic status

(SES) who demonstrated expressive vocabulary (75 percent)

was higher than the percentage of children from low-SES

families who did so (52 percent).

Patterns of differences were also observed by race/ethnicity and SES for children at about 4 years of age (48 to 57

months old) and at kindergarten entry. Average early reading scores were higher for White (27.4) and Asian (30.5)

48- to 57-month-old children than for Black (22.9), Hispanic (21.2), and American Indian/Alaska Native (20.1)

children (table 120). Also, high-SES children (32.7) had

higher average early reading scores than low-SES children

(19.3) at this age. These same patterns were observed

among 48- to 57-month-old children with respect to average mathematics scores. White (31.6) and Asian (34.7) 48-

to 57-month-old children had higher mathematics scores

than Black (26.9), Hispanic (26.2), and American Indian/

Alaska Native children (23.2). High-SES 48- to 57-monthold children (36.2) had higher average mathematics scores

than low-SES children (23.6). Similarly, among 5- and 6-

year-olds entering kindergarten, average mathematics scores

were higher for high-SES children (49.5) than for low-SES

children (37.7) (table 121). White (45.5) and Asian (48.2)

5- and 6-year-olds entering kindergarten had higher mathematics scores than Black (39.8), Hispanic (39.6), and

American Indian/Alaska Native (36.2) children. Similar

patterns were observed for early reading skills among children entering kindergarten. White (45.1) and Asian (51.4)

children had higher early reading scores at kindergarten

entry than Black (40.2), Hispanic (38.4), and American

Indian/Alaska Native (36.2) children. High-SES children

(51.2) had higher average early reading scores than lowSES children (35.0).

SAT Scores of College-Bound Seniors

The SAT (formerly known as the Scholastic Assessment

Test and the Scholastic Aptitude Test) is not designed as an

indicator of student achievement, but rather as an aid for

predicting how well students will do in college. Between

1998–99 and 2004–05, the mathematics SAT average score

increased by 9 points, but it declined by 4 points between

2004–05 and 2009–10 (table 152). The critical reading

average score in 2009–10 (501) was 4 points lower than in

1998–99.

Coursetaking in High School

The average number of science and mathematics courses

completed by public high school graduates increased

between 1982 and 2005. The average number of mathematics

courses (Carnegie units) completed in high school rose from

2.6 in 1982 to 3.7 in 2005, and the number of science courses

rose from 2.2 to 3.3 (table 157). The average number of

courses in career/technical areas completed by all high

school graduates was lower in 2005 (4.0 units) than in 1982

(4.6 units). As a result of the increased academic course load,

the percentage of students completing the 1983 National
64 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Commission on Excellence recommendations for collegebound students (4 units of English, 3 units of social studies, 3

units of science, 3 units of mathematics, 2 units of foreign

language, and .5 units of computer science) rose from 2 percent in 1982 to 36 percent in 2005 (table 161).

School Violence

In 2007–08, about 85 percent of public schools had a

criminal incident, which is defined as a serious violent

crime or a less serious crime such as a fight without weapons, theft, or vandalism (table 168). The percentage of

schools having a criminal incident in 2007–08 was about

the same as the percentage in 1999–2000 (86 percent). In

2007–08, some 75 percent of schools reported one or more

violent incidents, 47 percent of schools reported one or

more thefts/larcenies, and 67 percent reported other types of

incidents. Overall, there were 4 criminal incidents reported

per 100 students.

Revenues and Expenditures

The state share of revenues for public elementary and

secondary schools generally grew from the 1930s through

the mid-1980s, while the local share declined during the

same time period (table 180 and figure 9). However, this pattern changed in the late 1980s, when the local share began to

increase at the same time the state share decreased. Between

1986–87 and 1993–94, the state share declined from

49.7 percent to 45.2 percent, while the local share rose from

43.9 percent to 47.8 percent. Between 1993–94 and

2000–01, the state share rose again to 49.7 percent, the highest share since 1986–87, but declined every school year

thereafter until 2005–06, when the state share was 46.5 percent. Between 1995–96 and 2005–06, the federal share of

revenues rose from 6.6 to 9.1 percent. The local share

declined from 45.9 percent in 1995–96 to 42.8 in 2002–03

and then increased each year, reaching 44.4 percent in

2005–06. Between 2005–06 and 2007–08, these patterns

shifted. The federal percentage declined from 9.1 to 8.2 percent and the local percentage declined from 44.4 to

43.5 percent. In contrast, the state percentage rose from 46.5

to 48.3 percent.

After adjustment for inflation, current expenditures per

student in fall enrollment at public schools rose during the

1980s, remained stable during the first part of the 1990s, and

rose again after 1992–93 (table 190 and figure 10). There

was an increase of 37 percent from 1980–81 to 1990–91; a

change of less than 1 percent from 1990–91 to 1994–95

(which resulted from small decreases at the beginning of this

period, followed by small increases after 1992–93); and an

increase of 32 percent from 1994–95 to 2007–08. In

2007–08, current expenditures per student in fall enrollment

were $10,297 in unadjusted dollars. In 2007–08, some 55

percent of students in public schools were transported at

public expense at a cost of $854 per pupil transported, also

in unadjusted dollars (table 184).
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 65

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 6. Enrollment, number of teachers, pupil/teacher ratio, and expenditures in public schools: 1960–61 through 2008–09

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

School year beginning

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Number of teachers

Total

Elementary

Secondary

Pupil/teacher ratio

Teachers, in millions Pupil/teacher ratio

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

School year beginning

Fall enrollment, in millions

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

School year beginning

Current expenditures, in billions

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2007

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

In constant 2008–09 dollars

In current dollars

400

450

500

$550

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems, 1959–60 through 1969–70; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, 1956–60 through 1984–85; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through 1980–81; and Common Core of Data

(CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1981–82 through 2008–09, and “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1989–90 through 2007–08.
66 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 7. Total and full-day preprimary enrollment of 3- to 5-year-olds: October 1970 through October 2009 

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Total preprimary enrollment

Full-day enrollment

7

8

9

Year

Enrollment, in millions

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Preprimary Enrollment, 1970 and 1975. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current

Population Survey (CPS), October 1976 through October 2009.

Figure 8. Percentage change in public elementary and secondary enrollment, by state: Fall 2003 to fall 2008

AK

WA

MT ND 

OR

ID 

WY 

SD

UT

CA

NV

CO

KS

NE

AZ NM OK 

MN

IA

MO 

AR

TN NC

LA

FL

MS AL GA

WI

IL

KY

IN OH

WV

PA

NY

VA

ME

VT

NH 

MA 

CT 

SC

MI

HI 

RI 

NJ 

TX

DC 

MD 

DE 

Increase of more than 10 percent

Increase of 5 to 10 percent

Increase of less than 5 percent

Decrease

Percent change

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary 

Education,” 2003–04 and 2008–09.
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 67

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 9. Percentage of revenue for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: 1970–71 through 2007–08 

Percent of revenue

School year

1970–71 1975–76 1980–81 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96 2000–01 2007–08

0

20

40

60

80

Local governments

State governments

Federal government

100

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through

1986–87; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2007–08.

Figure 10. Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools: 1970–71 through 2007–08

1970–71 1975–76 1980–81 1985–86 1990–95

School year

1995–96 2000–01 2007–08

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

$12,000

In constant 2008–09 dollars

In current dollars

Per pupil expenditure

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through

1986–87; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2007–08.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

EnrollmentTable 35. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2007–08Selected characteristic 1869–70 1879–80 1889–90 1899–1900 1909–10 1919–20 1929–30 1939–40 1949–50 1959–60 1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Population, pupils, and instructional staffTotal population (in thousands)1 ........................................................... 38,558 50,156 62,622 75,995 90,490 104,514 121,878 131,028 149,188 177,830 201,385 225,055 246,819 

5- to 17-year-olds (in thousands)1..................................................... 11,683 15,066 18,473 21,573 24,011 27,571 31,414 30,151 30,223 43,881 52,386 48,043 44,947 

5- to 17-year-olds as a percent of total population............................ 30.3 30.0 29.5 28.4 26.5 26.4 25.8 23.0 20.3 24.7 26.0 21.3 18.2 

Total enrollment in elementary and secondary schools (in thousands)2 .. 7,562 3 9,867 12,723 15,503 17,814 21,578 25,678 25,434 25,112 36,087 45,550 41,651 40,543 

Prekindergarten and grades 1–8 (in thousands) .............................. 7,481 3 9,757 12,520 14,984 16,899 19,378 21,279 18,833 19,387 27,602 32,513 28,034 29,150 Grades 9–12 (in thousands) ............................................................. 80 3 110 203 519 915 2,200 4,399 6,601 5,725 8,485 13,037 13,616 11,393 

Enrollment as a percent of total population .......................................... 19.6 3 19.7 20.3 20.4 19.7 20.6 21.1 19.4 16.8 20.3 22.6 18.5 16.4 

Enrollment as a percent of 5- to 17-year-olds....................................... 64.7 3 65.5 68.9 71.9 74.2 78.3 81.7 84.4 83.1 82.2 87.0 86.7 90.2 Percent of total enrollment in high schools (grades 9–12).................... 1.1 3 1.1 1.6 3.3 5.1 10.2 17.1 26.0 22.8 23.5 28.6 32.7 28.1 

High school graduates (in thousands) .................................................. — — 22 62 111 231 592 1,143 1,063 1,627 2,589 2,748 2,320 

Average daily attendance (in thousands).............................................. 4,077 6,144 8,154 10,633 12,827 16,150 21,265 22,042 22,284 32,477 41,934 38,289 37,799 

Total number of days attended by pupils enrolled (in millions) ............. 539 801 1,098 1,535 2,011 2,615 3,673 3,858 3,964 5,782 7,501 6,835 4 — 

Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily ............................................. 59.3 62.3 64.1 68.6 72.1 74.8 82.8 86.7 88.7 90.0 90.4 90.1 4 — Average length of school term, in days................................................. 132.2 130.3 134.7 144.3 157.5 161.9 172.7 175.0 177.9 178.0 178.9 178.5 4 — Average number of days attended per pupil ......................................... 78.4 81.1 86.3 99.0 113.0 121.2 143.0 151.7 157.9 160.2 161.7 160.8 4 — Total instructional staff (in thousands) .................................................. — — — — — 678 880 912 963 1,457 2,286 2,406 2,986 

Supervisors (in thousands)............................................................... — — — — — 7 7 5 — — — — — Principals (in thousands) .................................................................. — — — — — 14 31 32 43 64 91 106 126 Teachers, librarians, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff 

(in thousands)5............................................................................ 201 287 364 423 523 657 843 875 920 1,393 2,195 2,300 2,860 

Males (in thousands)..................................................................... 78 123 126 127 110 93 140 195 196 404 4 711 4 782 4 — 

Females (in thousands)................................................................. 123 164 238 296 413 585 703 681 724 989 4 1,484 4 1,518 4 — Percent male ................................................................................. 38.7 42.8 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1 16.6 22.2 21.3 29.0 4 32.4 4 34.0 4 — 

Total revenues and expenditures Amounts in current dollarsTotal revenue receipts (in millions)........................................................ — — $143 $220 $433 $970 $2,089 $2,261 $5,437 $14,747 $40,267 $96,881 $208,548 

Federal government.......................................................................... — — — — — 2 7 40 156 652 3,220 9,504 12,701 State governments............................................................................ — — — — — 160 354 684 2,166 5,768 16,063 45,349 98,239 Local sources, including intermediate............................................... — — — — — 808 1,728 1,536 3,116 8,327 20,985 42,029 97,608 

Percentage distribution of revenue receipts

Federal government.......................................................................... — — — — — 0.3 0.4 1.8 2.9 4.4 8.0 9.8 6.1 State governments............................................................................ — — — — — 16.5 16.9 30.3 39.8 39.1 39.9 46.8 47.1 Local sources, including intermediate............................................... — — — — — 83.2 82.7 68.0 57.3 56.5 52.1 43.4 46.8 

Total expenditures for public schools (in millions)................................. $63 $78 $141 $215 $426 $1,036 $2,317 $2,344 $5,838 $15,613 $40,683 $95,962 $212,770 

Current expenditures6 ....................................................................... — — 114 180 356 861 1,844 1,942 4,687 12,329 7 34,218 7 86,984 7 188,229 7 

Capital outlay8 ................................................................................... — — 26 35 70 154 371 258 1,014 2,662 4,659 6,506 17,781 

Interest on school debt ..................................................................... — — — — — 18 93 131 101 490 1,171 1,874 3,776 Other current expenditures9 .............................................................. — — — — — 3 10 13 36 133 636 598 10 2,983 

Percentage distribution of total expenditures 

Current expenditures6 ....................................................................... — — 81.3 83.5 83.6 83.1 79.6 82.8 80.3 79.0 7 84.1 7 90.6 7 88.5 7 

Capital outlay8 ................................................................................... — — 18.7 16.5 16.4 14.8 16.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 11.5 6.8 8.4 

Interest on school debt ..................................................................... — — — — — 1.8 4.0 5.6 1.7 3.1 2.9 2.0 1.8 Other current expenditures9 .............................................................. — — — — — 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.6 10 1.4 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 1Data on population and labor force are from the Census Bureau, and data on personal income and national income are fromthe Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Population data through 1900 are based on total population from the decennial census. From 1909–10 to 1959–60, population data are total population, including armed forces overseas, as of July 1. Data for later years are for resident population that excludes armed forces overseas.2Data for 1869–70 through 1959–60 are school year enrollment. Data for later years are fall enrollment.3Data for 1870–71.4Estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics.5Prior to 1919–20, data are for the number of different persons employed rather than number of positions.6Prior to 1919–20, includes interest on school debt.7Because of the modification of the scope of “current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools,” data for 1959–60and later years are not entirely comparable with prior years.8Beginning in 1969–70, includes capital outlay by state and local school building authorities.9Includes summer schools, community colleges, and adult education. Beginning in 1959–60, also includes community services, formerly classified with “current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools.”10Excludes community colleges and adult education.11Prior to 1959–60, average includes supervisors, principals, teachers, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff. Data for1959–60 and later years are estimated by the National Education Association.

12Excludes current expenditures not allocable to pupil costs.13“ADA” means average daily attendance in elementary and secondary schoo14Expenditure figure is the sum of current expenditures allocable to pupil cost15Per-day rates derived by dividing annual rates by average length of term.16Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the B

Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. BHawaii. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statimissioner of Education, 1869–70 through 1909–10; Biennial Survey of Edu1949–50; Statistics of State School Systems, 1959–60 and 1969–70; StatistiSystems, 1979–80; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Staffing Survey (SASS), “Public School Questionnaire,” 1999–2000 and 2007fiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1989–90 through 21989–90 through 2007–08. Census Bureau, unpublished tabulations. Bureau Bureau of Labor Statistics, retrieved October 4, 2010, from ftp://ftp.bls.gov/p

prepared November 2010.)

Teacher salaries; income and expenditures per pupil and 

per capita

Annual salary of classroom teachers11 ................................................. $189 $195 $252 $325 $485 $871 $1,420 $1,441 $3,010 $4,995 $8,626 $15,970 $31,367 

Personal income per member of labor force1 ....................................... — — — — — — 1,726 1,320 3,378 5,738 9,640 19,621 36,793 

Total school expenditures per capita of total population ....................... 1.59 1.56 2.23 2.83 4.71 9.91 19.01 17.89 39 88 202 426 862 National income per capita1.................................................................. — — — — — — 770.44 625.82 1,592 2,550 4,412 9,990 19,449 

Current expenditure per pupil in ADA6,12,13 ........................................... — — 13.99 16.67 27.85 53.32 86.70 88.09 210 375 816 2,272 4,980 

Total expenditure per pupil in ADA13,14 .................................................. 15.55 12.71 17.23 20.21 33.23 64.16 108.49 105.74 260 471 955 2,491 5,550 

National income per pupil in ADA13 ...................................................... — — — — — — 4,416 3,720 10,658 13,964 21,188 58,719 127,000 

Current expenditure per day per pupil in ADA6,13,15 .............................. — — 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.33 0.50 0.50 1.17 2.11 4.56 12.73 — 

Total expenditure per day per pupil in ADA13 ........................................ 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.21 0.40 0.63 0.60 1.46 2.65 5.34 13.95 — 

Amounts in constant 2008–09 dollars16

Annual salary of classroom teachers11 ................................................. — — — — — $9,810 $17,808 $22,134 $27,282 $36,491 $49,018 $44,158 $53,028 

Personal income per member of labor force1 ....................................... — — — — — — 21,649 20,274 30,614 41,919 54,781 54,254 62,200 

Total school expenditures per capita of total population ....................... — — — — — 112 238 275 355 641 1,148 1,179 1,457 

National income per capita1.................................................................. — — — — — — 9,662 9,613 14,429 18,630 25,071 27,623 32,880 

Current expenditure per pupil in ADA6,12,13 ........................................... — — — — — 601 1,087 1,353 1,907 2,741 4,637 6,282 8,418 

Total expenditure per pupil in ADA13,14 .................................................. — — — — — 723 1,361 1,624 2,360 3,441 5,427 6,887 9,383 

National income per pupil in ADA13 ...................................................... — — — — — — 55,376 57,142 96,601 102,012 120,402 162,361 214,700 

Current expenditure per day per pupil in ADA6,13,15 .............................. — — — — — 3.7 6.3 7.7 10.6 15.4 25.9 35.2 — 

Total expenditure per day per pupil in ADA13 ........................................ — — — — — 4.5 7.9 9.2 13.2 19.4 30.3 38.6 — 

Table 35. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2007–08—ContinuedSelected characteristic 1869–70 1879–80 1889–90 1899–1900 1909–10 1919–20 1929–30 1939–40 1949–50 1959–60 1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 36. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2010State or jurisdiction

Total Fall 2007 Fall 200

Fall 1990 Fall 1995 Fall 1997 Fall 1998 Fall 1999 Fall 2000 Fall 2001 Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Total 

Prekindergarten to

grade 81

Grades

9 to 122 Total

Prekind

garten 

grade 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

United States 41,216,683 44,840,481 46,126,897 46,538,585 46,857,149 47,203,539 47,671,870 48,183,086 48,540,215 48,795,465 49,113,298 49,315,842 49,292,507 34,205,362 15,087,145 49,265,572 34,285,5

Alabama...................... 721,806 746,149 749,207 747,980 740,732 739,992 737,190 739,366 731,220 730,140 741,761 743,632 744,865 527,259 217,606 745,668 528,0

Alaska.......................... 113,903 127,618 132,123 135,373 134,391 133,356 134,349 134,364 133,933 132,970 133,288 132,608 131,029 88,980 42,049 130,662 89,2

Arizona ........................ 639,853 743,566 814,113 848,262 852,612 877,696 922,180 937,755 1,012,068 1,043,298 1,094,454 1,068,249 1,087,447 771,056 316,391 1,087,817 771,7Arkansas..................... 436,286 453,257 456,497 452,256 451,034 449,959 449,805 450,985 454,523 463,115 474,206 476,409 479,016 339,920 139,096 478,965 341,6

California ..................... 4,950,474 5,536,406 5,803,887 5,926,037 6,038,590 6,140,814 6,247,726 6,353,667 6,413,867 6,441,557 6,437,202 6,406,750 6,343,471 4,328,968 2,014,503 6,322,528 4,306,2

Colorado...................... 574,213 656,279 687,167 699,135 708,109 724,508 742,145 751,862 757,693 765,976 779,826 794,026 801,867 565,726 236,141 818,443 580,3

Connecticut................. 469,123 517,935 535,164 544,698 553,993 562,179 570,228 570,023 577,203 577,390 575,059 575,100 570,626 394,034 176,592 567,198 392,2

Delaware ..................... 99,658 108,461 111,960 113,262 112,836 114,676 115,555 116,342 117,668 119,091 120,937 122,254 122,574 85,019 37,555 125,430 86,8

District of Columbia..... 80,694 79,802 77,111 71,889 77,194 68,925 75,392 76,166 78,057 76,714 76,876 72,850 78,422 55,836 22,586 68,681 50,7

Florida.......................... 1,861,592 2,176,222 2,294,077 2,337,633 2,381,396 2,434,821 2,500,478 2,539,929 2,587,628 2,639,336 2,675,024 2,671,513 2,666,811 1,855,859 810,952 2,631,020 1,849,2Georgia........................ 1,151,687 1,311,126 1,375,980 1,401,291 1,422,762 1,444,937 1,470,634 1,496,012 1,522,611 1,553,437 1,598,461 1,629,157 1,649,589 1,178,577 471,012 1,655,792 1,185,6

Hawaii.......................... 171,708 187,180 189,887 188,069 185,860 184,360 184,546 183,829 183,609 183,185 182,818 180,728 179,897 125,556 54,341 179,478 125,9

Idaho............................ 220,840 243,097 244,403 244,722 245,136 245,117 246,521 248,604 252,120 256,084 261,982 267,380 272,119 191,171 80,948 275,051 193,5Illinois........................... 1,821,407 1,943,623 1,998,289 2,011,530 2,027,600 2,048,792 2,071,391 2,084,187 2,100,961 2,097,503 2,111,706 2,118,276 2,112,805 1,472,909 639,896 2,119,707 1,479,1

Indiana......................... 954,525 977,263 986,836 989,001 988,702 989,267 996,133 1,003,875 1,011,130 1,021,348 1,035,074 1,045,940 1,046,766 729,550 317,216 1,046,147 730,0

Iowa ............................. 483,652 502,343 501,054 498,214 497,301 495,080 485,932 482,210 481,226 478,319 483,482 483,122 485,115 329,504 155,611 487,559 335,5

Kansas ........................ 437,034 463,008 468,687 472,353 472,188 470,610 470,205 470,957 470,490 469,136 467,525 469,506 468,295 326,771 141,524 471,060 331,0

Kentucky...................... 636,401 659,821 669,322 655,687 648,180 665,850 654,363 660,782 663,369 674,796 679,878 683,152 666,225 469,373 196,852 670,030 472,2Louisiana..................... 784,757 797,366 776,813 768,734 756,579 743,089 731,328 730,464 727,709 724,281 654,526 675,851 681,038 499,549 181,489 684,873 504,2

Maine........................... 215,149 213,569 212,579 211,051 209,253 207,037 205,586 204,337 202,084 198,820 195,498 193,986 196,245 130,742 65,503 192,935 129,3

Maryland ..................... 715,176 805,544 830,744 841,671 846,582 852,920 860,640 866,743 869,113 865,561 860,020 851,640 845,700 576,479 269,221 843,861 576,4

Massachusetts............ 834,314 915,007 949,006 962,317 971,425 975,150 973,139 982,989 980,459 975,574 971,909 968,661 962,958 666,926 296,032 958,910 666,5

Michigan...................... 1,584,431 1,641,456 1,702,717 1,720,287 1,725,639 1,720,626 1,730,669 1,785,160 1,757,604 1,751,290 1,742,282 1,722,656 1,692,739 1,136,823 555,916 1,659,921 1,118,5Minnesota.................... 756,374 835,166 853,621 856,455 854,034 854,340 851,384 846,891 842,854 838,503 839,243 840,565 837,578 558,180 279,398 836,048 560,1Mississippi................... 502,417 506,272 504,792 502,379 500,716 497,871 493,507 492,645 493,540 495,376 494,954 495,026 494,122 353,512 140,610 491,962 351,8

Missouri....................... 816,558 889,881 910,613 913,494 914,110 912,744 909,792 906,499 905,941 905,449 917,705 920,353 917,188 631,746 285,442 917,871 635,4Montana ...................... 152,974 165,547 162,335 159,988 157,556 154,875 151,947 149,995 148,356 146,705 145,416 144,418 142,823 96,354 46,469 141,899 96,8Nebraska..................... 274,081 289,744 292,681 291,140 288,261 286,199 285,095 285,402 285,542 285,761 286,646 287,580 291,244 200,095 91,149 292,590 202,9Nevada........................ 201,316 265,041 296,621 311,061 325,610 340,706 356,814 369,498 385,401 400,083 412,395 424,766 429,362 307,573 121,789 433,371 308,3

New Hampshire.......... 172,785 194,171 201,629 204,713 206,783 208,461 206,847 207,671 207,417 206,852 205,767 203,572 200,772 134,359 66,413 197,934 132,9New Jersey.................. 1,089,646 1,197,381 1,250,276 1,268,996 1,289,256 1,313,405 1,341,656 1,367,438 1,380,753 1,393,347 1,395,602 1,388,850 1,382,348 954,418 427,930 1,381,420 956,7

New Mexico................. 301,881 329,640 331,673 328,753 324,495 320,306 320,260 320,234 323,066 326,102 326,758 328,220 329,040 229,718 99,322 330,245 231,4

New York ..................... 2,598,337 2,813,230 2,861,823 2,877,143 2,887,776 2,882,188 2,872,132 2,888,233 2,864,775 2,836,337 2,815,581 2,809,649 2,765,435 1,856,315 909,120 2,740,592 1,843,0

North Carolina............. 1,086,871 1,183,090 1,236,083 1,254,821 1,275,925 1,293,638 1,315,363 1,335,954 1,360,209 1,385,754 1,416,436 1,444,481 1,489,492 1,072,324 417,168 1,488,645 1,058,9

North Dakota............... 117,825 119,100 118,572 114,927 112,751 109,201 106,047 104,225 102,233 100,513 98,283 96,670 95,059 63,492 31,567 94,728 63,9

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.#Rounds to zero.1Includes elementary unclassified. 2Includes secondary unclassified. 3Includes both overseas and domestic schools. 

NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. Detail may not sum to totals because previously published figures.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statis

fiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1990–91 through 2to 2019. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Ohio............................. 1,771,089 1,836,015 1,847,114 1,842,163 1,836,554 1,835,049 1,830,985 1,838,285 1,845,428 1,840,032 1,839,683 1,836,722 1,827,184 1,241,322 585,862 1,817,163 1,239,4Oklahoma.................... 579,087 616,393 623,681 628,492 627,032 623,110 622,139 624,548 626,160 629,476 634,739 639,391 642,065 462,629 179,436 645,108 467,9

Oregon ........................ 472,394 527,914 541,346 542,809 545,033 546,231 551,480 554,071 551,273 552,505 552,194 562,574 565,586 383,598 181,988 575,393 395,4

Pennsylvania............... 1,667,834 1,787,533 1,815,151 1,816,414 1,816,716 1,814,311 1,821,627 1,816,747 1,821,146 1,828,089 1,830,684 1,871,060 1,801,971 1,205,351 596,620 1,775,029 1,194,3

Rhode Island............... 138,813 149,799 153,321 154,785 156,454 157,347 158,046 159,205 159,375 156,498 153,422 151,612 147,629 99,159 48,470 145,342 97,9

South Carolina............ 622,112 645,586 659,273 664,600 666,780 677,411 676,198 694,389 699,198 703,736 701,544 708,021 712,317 504,566 207,751 718,113 507,6South Dakota.............. 129,164 144,685 142,443 132,495 131,037 128,603 127,542 130,048 125,537 122,798 122,012 121,158 121,606 83,424 38,182 126,429 87,4Tennessee................... 824,595 893,770 893,044 905,454 916,202 909,161 924,899 927,608 936,682 941,091 953,928 978,368 964,259 681,751 282,508 971,950 684,5

Texas............................ 3,382,887 3,748,167 3,891,877 3,945,367 3,991,783 4,059,619 4,163,447 4,259,823 4,331,751 4,405,215 4,525,394 4,599,509 4,674,832 3,374,684 1,300,148 4,752,148 3,446,5Utah............................. 446,652 477,121 482,957 481,176 480,255 481,485 484,684 489,262 495,981 503,607 508,430 523,386 576,244 410,258 165,986 559,778 404,4

Vermont....................... 95,762 105,565 105,984 105,120 104,559 102,049 101,179 99,978 99,103 98,352 96,638 95,399 94,038 63,096 30,942 93,625 62,9

Virginia......................... 998,601 1,079,854 1,110,815 1,124,022 1,133,994 1,144,915 1,163,091 1,177,229 1,192,092 1,204,739 1,213,616 1,220,440 1,230,857 850,444 380,413 1,235,795 855,0

Washington ................. 839,709 956,572 991,235 998,053 1,003,714 1,004,770 1,009,200 1,014,798 1,021,349 1,020,005 1,031,985 1,026,774 1,030,247 697,407 332,840 1,037,018 704,7

West Virginia............... 322,389 307,112 301,419 297,530 291,811 286,367 282,885 282,455 281,215 280,129 280,866 281,939 282,535 198,545 83,990 282,729 199,4

Wisconsin.................... 797,621 870,175 881,780 879,542 877,753 879,476 879,361 881,231 880,031 864,757 875,174 876,700 874,633 585,212 289,421 873,750 589,5Wyoming ..................... 98,226 99,859 97,115 95,241 92,105 89,940 88,128 88,116 87,462 84,733 84,409 85,193 86,422 59,243 27,179 87,161 60,6

Bureau of Indian 

Education ............. — — — 50,125 49,076 46,938 46,476 46,126 45,828 45,828 50,938 — — — — 40,927 30,6

DoD, overseas............. — — 78,254 78,170 108,035 3 73,581 73,212 72,889 71,053 68,327 62,543 60,891 57,247 44,418 12,829 56,768 43,9

DoD, domestic............. — — — — — 34,174 32,847 32,115 30,603 29,151 28,329 26,631 27,548 24,807 2,741 28,013 25,2Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ... 12,463 14,576 15,214 15,372 15,477 15,702 15,897 15,984 15,893 16,126 16,438 16,400 — — — — Guam...................... 26,391 32,960 32,444 32,222 32,951 32,473 31,992 — 31,572 30,605 30,986 —————

Northern Marianas. 6,449 8,809 9,246 9,498 9,732 10,004 10,479 11,251 11,244 11,601 11,718 11,695 11,299 8,140 3,159 10,913 7,8Puerto Rico............. 644,734 627,620 617,157 613,862 613,019 612,725 604,177 596,502 584,916 575,648 563,490 544,138 526,565 372,514 154,051 503,635 355,1

U.S. Virgin Islands.. 21,750 22,737 22,136 20,976 20,866 19,459 18,780 18,333 17,716 16,429 16,750 16,284 15,903 10,770 5,133 15,768 10,5

Table 36. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 1990 through fall 2010—ContinuedState or jurisdiction

Total Fall 2007 Fall 200

Fall 1990 Fall 1995 Fall 1997 Fall 1998 Fall 1999 Fall 2000 Fall 2001 Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Total 

Prekindergarten to

grade 81

Grades

9 to 122 Total

Prekind

garten 

grade 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 37. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008State or jurisdiction

Total,

all grades

Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary ungraded Grades 9 thro

Total

Prekindergarten Kinder- garten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Elementary ungraded Total Grade 9 G

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

United States ....... 49,265,572 34,285,564 1,179,507 3,639,750 3,708,485 3,698,723 3,707,772 3,646,896 3,629,079 3,613,521 3,652,623 3,691,795 117,413 14,980,008 4,122,552 3

Alabama ....................... 745,668 528,078 6,470 56,205 57,882 58,683 59,243 58,593 57,955 57,328 57,910 57,809 0 217,590 64,681 Alaska........................... 130,662 89,263 1,905 9,744 9,735 9,950 9,912 9,756 9,507 9,441 9,640 9,673 0 41,399 10,475 

Arizona ......................... 1,087,817 771,749 16,748 87,229 85,482 84,946 84,480 83,793 82,347 82,021 82,894 81,576 233 316,068 83,831 Arkansas....................... 478,965 341,603 13,254 37,997 37,724 37,010 36,386 36,345 35,824 35,690 35,587 35,387 399 137,362 37,627 

California ...................... 6,322,528 4,306,258 70,497 461,063 468,848 465,495 469,824 463,904 467,278 469,183 479,359 486,390 4,417 2,016,270 539,167 

Colorado ....................... 818,443 580,304 28,280 63,985 64,139 63,404 62,647 61,058 60,093 58,993 58,972 58,733 0 238,139 63,779 

Connecticut................... 567,198 392,218 14,952 40,684 41,171 41,303 41,732 41,792 42,387 42,137 43,033 43,027 0 174,980 47,216 Delaware....................... 125,430 86,811 738 9,458 9,786 9,737 9,621 9,521 9,241 9,265 9,536 9,908 0 38,619 11,755 

District of Columbia ...... 68,681 50,779 7,451 5,122 5,022 5,132 5,106 4,595 4,690 4,521 4,584 4,540 16 17,902 6,334 Florida........................... 2,631,020 1,849,295 48,233 193,428 201,072 202,513 208,942 198,129 195,401 201,741 199,100 200,736 0 781,725 217,105 Georgia......................... 1,655,792 1,185,684 40,726 129,336 129,807 130,851 131,206 127,285 127,118 122,516 122,982 123,857 0 470,108 143,933 Hawaii........................... 179,478 125,910 1,607 15,475 14,375 13,601 14,238 13,739 13,648 13,103 13,364 12,665 95 53,568 16,079 

Idaho............................. 275,051 193,554 2,797 21,516 21,810 21,771 21,309 21,450 20,795 20,403 21,080 20,623 0 81,497 21,686 Illinois............................ 2,119,707 1,479,195 92,782 146,969 152,772 153,856 156,687 152,951 153,086 155,013 155,807 159,272 0 640,512 178,106 

Indiana.......................... 1,046,147 730,021 11,487 76,308 80,965 82,877 79,915 78,842 78,570 78,974 81,209 80,874 0 316,126 84,538 Iowa .............................. 487,559 335,566 17,022 38,522 34,855 34,961 35,235 35,031 34,802 34,707 35,107 35,324 0 151,993 38,048 

Kansas.......................... 471,060 331,079 14,271 36,267 35,599 35,503 35,409 34,965 34,652 33,601 34,160 34,366 2,286 139,981 37,354 

Kentucky ....................... 670,030 472,204 18,660 50,643 52,440 51,472 51,933 49,875 49,507 48,623 49,200 49,668 183 197,826 55,766 

Louisiana ...................... 684,873 504,213 28,564 52,660 55,967 53,820 54,131 57,165 49,125 48,250 52,621 51,910 0 180,660 56,174 

Maine............................ 192,935 129,324 2,893 13,475 13,567 13,813 13,812 13,860 14,185 14,309 14,524 14,886 0 63,611 15,980 Maryland....................... 843,861 576,473 26,821 60,530 61,447 59,409 60,620 59,512 60,905 61,227 62,363 63,639 0 267,388 75,743 

Massachusetts.............. 958,910 666,538 26,796 68,540 70,492 70,552 70,935 70,666 71,696 71,009 71,959 73,170 723 292,372 79,315 

Michigan ....................... 1,659,921 1,118,569 29,772 124,451 115,950 117,821 118,230 117,432 118,316 119,541 121,409 123,823 11,824 541,352 141,910 

Minnesota ..................... 836,048 560,184 13,522 61,982 60,228 61,090 60,406 59,822 59,774 60,296 60,984 62,080 0 275,864 66,019 Mississippi .................... 491,962 351,807 3,106 38,511 39,327 39,174 39,768 38,159 36,999 36,656 37,612 37,889 4,606 140,155 40,518 

Missouri ........................ 917,871 635,411 25,435 67,690 67,710 67,938 68,391 67,620 68,105 66,974 67,518 68,030 0 282,460 75,220 

Montana........................ 141,899 96,869 963 10,802 10,742 10,571 10,398 10,558 10,538 10,566 10,841 10,890 0 45,030 11,890 

Nebraska ...................... 292,590 202,912 11,046 22,790 22,151 21,695 21,391 20,939 20,609 20,562 20,771 20,958 0 89,678 23,137 

Nevada ......................... 433,371 308,328 3,393 32,188 34,358 34,391 34,185 34,099 33,757 33,340 33,944 34,394 279 125,043 41,768 

New Hampshire ............ 197,934 132,995 2,834 10,968 14,444 14,239 14,475 14,613 15,013 15,174 15,452 15,783 0 64,939 17,244 New Jersey ................... 1,381,420 956,765 30,746 93,504 98,778 98,907 99,123 99,242 98,998 99,460 100,152 100,894 36,961 424,655 107,770 

New Mexico .................. 330,245 231,415 6,365 25,680 26,085 25,858 25,275 25,119 24,544 24,191 23,932 24,366 0 98,830 30,191 

New York....................... 2,740,592 1,843,080 50,758 187,194 194,363 193,043 193,033 190,067 191,180 191,686 196,863 201,895 52,998 897,512 235,589 

North Carolina .............. 1,488,645 1,058,926 24,678 117,282 118,968 119,644 118,931 114,909 112,746 111,120 109,598 111,050 0 429,719 131,515 

North Dakota ................ 94,728 63,955 1,262 7,217 6,746 6,750 6,539 6,812 6,965 7,077 7,223 7,364 0 30,773 7,687 

Ohio .............................. 1,817,163 1,239,494 37,873 130,405 133,326 133,983 133,687 132,680 133,167 132,327 134,567 137,479 0 577,669 160,269 Oklahoma ..................... 645,108 467,960 37,726 50,497 51,545 48,681 48,065 47,245 47,132 45,665 45,075 45,149 1,180 177,148 48,896 

Oregon.......................... 575,393 395,421 11,855 40,556 41,976 42,530 42,954 43,272 43,186 42,597 43,156 43,339 0 179,972 44,640 Pennsylvania................. 1,775,029 1,194,327 13,686 126,197 126,458 128,895 130,488 130,592 130,224 131,401 136,000 139,173 1,213 580,702 153,341 

Rhode Island ................ 145,342 97,983 1,985 9,905 10,728 10,914 10,097 9,752 10,972 10,927 11,281 11,422 0 47,359 13,614 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 1No prekindergarten pupils reported. NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statis

fiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2008–09. (This tab

South Carolina.............. 718,113 507,602 23,376 52,468 54,769 55,325 55,452 53,996 53,257 52,706 52,807 53,446 0 210,511 64,674 

South Dakota................ 126,429 87,477 2,626 10,315 9,462 9,260 9,314 9,234 9,142 9,326 9,352 9,446 0 38,952 10,580 

Tennessee .................... 971,950 684,549 16,864 76,156 76,493 75,822 75,499 75,091 73,438 71,538 71,393 72,255 0 287,401 78,675 Texas ............................ 4,752,148 3,446,511 224,759 362,318 379,279 371,575 368,318 355,578 352,401 345,713 343,022 343,548 0 1,305,637 389,217 Utah .............................. 559,778 404,469 9,480 47,046 46,348 45,763 45,278 44,546 43,323 41,689 40,735 40,261 0 155,309 39,511 

Vermont ........................ 93,625 62,994 4,698 6,192 6,229 6,229 6,243 6,471 6,532 6,656 6,740 7,004 0 30,631 7,754 

Virginia.......................... 1,235,795 855,008 29,987 89,931 93,277 92,909 92,668 91,133 90,884 89,889 91,449 92,881 0 380,787 106,252 Washington................... 1,037,018 704,794 10,995 73,831 75,937 77,385 77,849 77,999 77,688 77,184 77,024 78,902 0 332,224 87,546 

West Virginia................. 282,729 199,477 13,150 20,919 21,290 20,494 20,748 20,162 20,447 20,405 20,594 21,268 0 83,252 23,730 Wisconsin ..................... 873,750 589,528 43,161 60,384 59,790 60,497 60,981 60,319 60,233 60,246 61,600 62,317 0 284,222 71,676 

Wyoming....................... 87,161 60,635 452 7,215 6,771 6,681 6,663 6,608 6,697 6,554 6,538 6,456 0 26,526 7,027 

Bureau of Indian 

Education................ 40,927 30,612 112 4,251 3,822 3,518 3,460 3,292 3,131 3,107 2,983 2,936 0 10,315 3,106 

DoD, overseas .............. 56,768 43,931 1,701 5,423 5,298 4,920 4,974 4,666 4,645 4,312 4,129 3,863 0 12,837 3,881 DoD, domestic .............. 28,013 25,255 2,570 3,459 3,231 3,034 2,821 2,548 2,417 2,099 1,591 1,485 0 2,758 930 Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ...... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Guam ........................ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Northern Marianas.... 10,913 7,816 462 614 830 829 866 819 832 820 838 824 82 3,097 1,070 Puerto Rico............... 503,635 355,115 372 30,914 37,521 37,847 38,079 39,544 39,230 38,939 42,564 40,500 9,605 148,520 39,849 

U.S. Virgin Islands..... 15,768 10,567 (1) 977 1,124 1,140 1,131 1,208 1,189 1,261 1,371 1,166 0 5,201 1,856 

Table 37. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008—ContinuedState or jurisdiction

Total,

all grades

Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary ungraded Grades 9 thro

Total

Prekindergarten Kinder- garten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Elementary ungraded Total Grade 9 G

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 38. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2007State or jurisdiction

Total,

all grades

Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary ungraded Grades 9 thro

Total

Prekindergarten Kinder- garten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Elementary ungraded Total Grade 9 G

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

United States ....... 49,292,507 34,205,362 1,081,125 3,609,415 3,750,073 3,704,007 3,658,869 3,624,408 3,600,120 3,628,453 3,700,857 3,709,409 138,626 15,087,145 4,199,967 3

Alabama ....................... 744,865 527,259 3,603 55,973 59,927 59,099 58,241 57,821 57,045 57,055 59,249 59,246 0 217,606 65,495 Alaska........................... 131,029 88,980 1,679 9,625 9,735 9,983 9,762 9,420 9,527 9,475 9,821 9,953 0 42,049 10,719 

Arizona ......................... 1,087,447 771,056 15,854 86,742 86,920 85,520 84,590 82,876 82,499 83,078 81,611 81,196 170 316,391 84,030 Arkansas....................... 479,016 339,920 12,795 38,192 37,872 36,570 36,275 35,710 35,588 35,057 35,502 35,944 415 139,096 37,819 

California ...................... 6,343,471 4,328,968 68,002 454,743 471,770 471,398 465,121 467,305 470,021 478,685 487,331 490,054 4,538 2,014,503 541,650 

Colorado ....................... 801,867 565,726 25,649 61,576 63,351 62,076 60,410 59,449 58,219 58,231 58,369 58,396 0 236,141 63,333 

Connecticut................... 570,626 394,034 14,180 39,889 42,023 41,790 41,953 42,488 42,136 42,864 43,041 43,670 0 176,592 48,472 Delaware....................... 122,574 85,019 583 8,817 9,841 9,430 9,455 9,085 8,963 9,177 9,492 10,176 0 37,555 11,479 District of Columbia ...... 78,422 55,836 7,146 5,306 5,492 5,285 4,928 4,807 4,793 4,896 4,912 5,182 3,089 22,586 7,099 Florida........................... 2,666,811 1,855,859 46,917 197,467 206,706 203,753 208,353 195,859 199,002 199,662 204,170 193,970 0 810,952 233,376 Georgia......................... 1,649,589 1,178,577 39,908 129,791 131,750 129,385 128,835 125,404 123,215 122,758 122,987 124,544 0 471,012 147,106 Hawaii........................... 179,897 125,556 1,531 15,042 13,633 14,216 13,756 13,652 13,505 13,457 13,243 13,420 101 54,341 16,161 Idaho............................. 272,119 191,171 2,880 21,295 21,779 21,162 21,276 20,658 20,333 20,711 20,520 20,557 0 80,948 21,800 Illinois............................ 2,112,805 1,472,909 77,843 145,755 154,811 154,454 155,578 152,895 153,347 156,877 160,039 161,310 0 639,896 178,385 

Indiana.......................... 1,046,766 729,550 10,755 75,445 85,100 80,527 78,739 78,204 78,709 80,122 81,099 80,850 0 317,216 84,937 Iowa .............................. 485,115 329,504 12,487 37,819 34,874 34,855 34,709 34,590 34,421 34,557 35,152 36,040 0 155,611 38,992 

Kansas.......................... 468,295 326,771 13,477 35,471 35,734 35,292 34,715 34,383 33,467 33,792 34,295 34,572 1,573 141,524 37,569 

Kentucky ....................... 666,225 469,373 17,985 49,986 51,907 51,459 51,958 49,250 48,351 48,903 49,664 49,723 187 196,852 56,874 

Louisiana ...................... 681,038 499,549 26,631 53,062 56,149 54,384 51,956 56,201 45,418 52,213 52,180 51,355 0 181,489 55,735 

Maine............................ 196,245 130,742 2,635 13,710 13,713 13,842 13,793 14,238 14,244 14,394 14,839 15,334 0 65,503 16,100 Maryland....................... 845,700 576,479 27,179 59,455 58,611 60,105 58,906 60,281 61,239 61,909 63,706 65,088 0 269,221 76,188 

Massachusetts.............. 962,958 666,926 25,853 67,900 71,067 70,786 70,497 71,443 70,724 71,586 73,102 73,318 650 296,032 79,576 

Michigan ....................... 1,692,739 1,136,823 27,207 125,592 120,898 119,985 118,480 118,931 119,266 121,191 125,523 126,608 13,142 555,916 149,275 

Minnesota ..................... 837,578 558,180 12,795 60,140 61,234 60,204 59,723 59,431 59,652 59,844 61,968 63,189 0 279,398 67,434 Mississippi .................... 494,122 353,512 2,805 38,662 40,719 39,977 38,302 37,274 36,705 37,074 38,945 37,948 5,101 140,610 41,807 

Missouri ........................ 917,188 631,746 22,691 67,314 68,262 68,127 67,334 67,996 66,550 66,675 68,161 68,636 0 285,442 79,020 

Montana........................ 142,823 96,354 539 10,601 10,670 10,393 10,454 10,503 10,410 10,697 10,858 11,180 49 46,469 12,134 

Nebraska ...................... 291,244 200,095 10,091 22,588 21,760 21,367 20,844 20,519 20,458 20,508 20,913 21,047 0 91,149 23,829 

Nevada ......................... 429,362 307,573 2,834 31,682 34,564 34,159 34,144 33,760 32,951 33,722 34,455 34,121 1,181 121,789 40,265 New Hampshire ............ 200,772 134,359 2,614 10,489 14,625 14,436 14,624 15,026 15,203 15,318 15,806 16,218 0 66,413 17,532 New Jersey ................... 1,382,348 954,418 28,540 91,115 99,939 98,492 98,873 98,195 98,311 99,028 100,981 100,884 40,060 427,930 108,724 

New Mexico .................. 329,040 229,718 5,378 25,796 26,044 25,441 25,107 24,452 24,365 23,801 24,271 25,063 0 99,322 30,031 

New York....................... 2,765,435 1,856,315 48,561 184,672 196,537 196,094 191,144 191,647 192,009 195,547 203,146 205,135 51,823 909,120 242,566 North Carolina .............. 1,489,492 1,072,324 16,927 120,998 124,701 122,148 118,726 115,076 113,775 112,190 113,240 114,543 0 417,168 128,987 

North Dakota ................ 95,059 63,492 909 6,730 6,828 6,511 6,787 6,935 6,985 7,040 7,295 7,472 0 31,567 8,071 Ohio .............................. 1,827,184 1,241,322 32,815 130,889 136,312 133,887 132,661 132,634 131,403 132,961 137,821 139,939 0 585,862 164,768 Oklahoma ..................... 642,065 462,629 35,270 49,306 51,536 48,386 47,290 46,787 45,447 45,010 45,218 45,831 2,548 179,436 49,091 

Oregon.......................... 565,586 383,598 1,310 39,820 42,258 42,718 42,717 42,750 42,282 42,989 43,121 43,018 615 181,988 45,179 Pennsylvania................. 1,801,971 1,205,351 12,490 122,769 130,124 130,425 130,104 129,837 130,792 134,406 140,097 143,406 901 596,620 158,874 Rhode Island ................ 147,629 99,159 1,770 9.840 10,921 10,141 9.721 11,028 10,869 11,207 11,564 12,098 0 48,470 13,709 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 1No prekindergarten pupils reported. NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statis

fiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2007–08. (This tab

South Carolina.............. 712,317 504,566 22,812 52,314 56,172 55,127 53,607 52,715 51,805 52,196 53,751 54,067 0 207,751 66,363 

South Dakota................ 121,606 83,424 1,335 9,688 9,073 9,031 8,941 8,935 9,009 9,059 9,105 9,248 0 38,182 10,457 

Tennessee .................... 964,259 681,751 14,937 75,289 76,327 74,612 73,836 72,454 70,419 69,312 71,337 70,745 12,483 282,508 78,874 

Texas ............................ 4,674,832 3,374,684 217,751 356,706 376,003 366,821 355,365 346,491 345,784 336,619 340,473 332,671 0 1,300,148 399,047 Utah .............................. 576,244 410,258 9,487 47,591 47,859 46,940 45,982 44,748 42,943 41,765 41,829 41,114 0 165,986 41,355 

Vermont ........................ 94,038 63,096 4,556 6,161 6,241 6,229 6,409 6,490 6,571 6,581 6,819 7,039 0 30,942 7,683 Virginia.......................... 1,230,857 850,444 28,684 89,656 93,218 92,145 90,501 90,397 88,811 90,691 92,445 93,896 0 380,413 108,115 Washington................... 1,030,247 697,407 10,012 72,165 76,542 76,725 76,831 76,673 76,540 75,939 77,761 78,219 0 332,840 89,008 

West Virginia................. 282,535 198,545 12,247 21,300 20,901 20,795 20,068 20,217 20,056 20,369 21,262 21,330 0 83,990 23,954 Wisconsin ..................... 874,633 585,212 37,773 59,590 60,474 60,807 60,000 59,995 59,581 60,827 62,030 64,135 0 289,421 73,746 

Wyoming....................... 86,422 59,243 413 6,891 6,566 6,513 6,488 6,493 6,402 6,428 6,338 6,711 0 27,179 7,174 

Bureau of Indian 

Education................ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 

DoD, overseas .............. 57,247 44,418 1,734 5,272 5,163 5,195 4,917 5,001 4,523 4,405 4,150 4,058 0 12,829 3,798 

DoD, domestic .............. 27,548 24,807 2,668 3,331 3,204 3,078 2,767 2,568 2,214 2,063 1,595 1,319 0 2,741 958 Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ...... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Guam ........................ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Northern Marianas.... 11,299 8,140 462 689 836 930 850 869 857 862 835 855 95 3,159 1,166 Puerto Rico............... 526,565 372,514 420 32,490 41,008 39,811 39,915 41,523 40,547 40,574 44,309 42,807 9,110 154,051 41,525 

U.S. Virgin Islands..... 15,903 10,770 (1) 1,015 1,100 1,098 1,121 1,199 1,294 1,173 1,540 1,230 0 5,133 1,889 

Table 38. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2007—ContinuedState or jurisdiction

Total,

all grades

Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary ungraded Grades 9 thro

Total

Prekindergarten Kinder- garten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Elementary ungraded Total Grade 9 G

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Because of changes in reporting practices and imputation of data for nonrespondents since 1992, prekindergartenenrollment data for 1992 and later years are not comparable to prekindergarten enrollment data for prior years. Detail maynot sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stat

ondary School Systems, 1980–81; Common Core of Data (CCD), “State No

Education,” 1985–86 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2

Table 39. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level and grade: Selected years, fall 1980 through fall 2008Grade

Fall

1980

Fall

1985

Fall

1990

Fall

1992

Fall

1993

Fall

1994

Fall

1995

Fall

1996

Fall

1997

Fall

1998

Fall

1999

Fall

2000

Fall

2001

Fall

2002

Fall

2003

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

Number (in thousands)

All grades................................................ 40,877 39,422 41,217 42,823 43,465 44,111 44,840 45,611 46,127 46,539 46,857 47,204 47,672 48,183 48,540 48

Elementary ...................................................... 27,647 27,034 29,876 31,086 31,502 31,896 32,338 32,762 33,071 33,344 33,486 33,686 33,936 34,114 34,201 34

Prekindergarten ........................................... 96 151 303 505 545 603 637 670 695 729 751 776 865 915 950 Kindergarten ................................................ 2,593 3,041 3,306 3,313 3,377 3,444 3,536 3,532 3,503 3,443 3,397 3,382 3,379 3,434 3,503 3

1st grade...................................................... 2,894 3,239 3,499 3,542 3,529 3,593 3,671 3,770 3,755 3,727 3,684 3,636 3,614 3,594 3,613 32nd grade..................................................... 2,800 2,941 3,327 3,431 3,429 3,440 3,507 3,600 3,689 3,681 3,656 3,634 3,593 3,565 3,544 3

3rd grade...................................................... 2,893 2,895 3,297 3,361 3,437 3,439 3,445 3,524 3,597 3,696 3,691 3,676 3,653 3,623 3,611 34th grade...................................................... 3,107 2,771 3,248 3,342 3,361 3,426 3,431 3,454 3,507 3,592 3,686 3,711 3,695 3,669 3,619 35th grade...................................................... 3,130 2,776 3,197 3,325 3,350 3,372 3,438 3,453 3,458 3,520 3,604 3,707 3,727 3,711 3,685 36th grade...................................................... 3,038 2,789 3,110 3,303 3,356 3,381 3,395 3,494 3,492 3,497 3,564 3,663 3,769 3,788 3,772 37th grade...................................................... 3,085 2,938 3,067 3,299 3,355 3,404 3,422 3,464 3,520 3,530 3,541 3,629 3,720 3,821 3,841 38th grade...................................................... 3,086 2,982 2,979 3,129 3,249 3,302 3,356 3,403 3,415 3,480 3,497 3,538 3,616 3,709 3,809 3Elementary ungraded .................................. 924 511 541 536 513 492 500 399 440 449 415 334 304 285 255 

Secondary ....................................................... 13,231 12,388 11,341 11,737 11,963 12,215 12,502 12,849 13,056 13,195 13,371 13,517 13,736 14,069 14,339 14

9th grade...................................................... 3,377 3,439 3,169 3,352 3,487 3,604 3,704 3,801 3,819 3,856 3,935 3,963 4,012 4,105 4,190 4

10th grade.................................................... 3,368 3,230 2,896 3,027 3,050 3,131 3,237 3,323 3,376 3,382 3,415 3,491 3,528 3,584 3,675 311th grade.................................................... 3,195 2,866 2,612 2,656 2,751 2,748 2,826 2,930 2,972 3,021 3,034 3,083 3,174 3,229 3,277 312th grade.................................................... 2,925 2,550 2,381 2,431 2,424 2,488 2,487 2,586 2,673 2,722 2,782 2,803 2,863 2,990 3,046 3Secondary ungraded ................................... 366 303 284 272 250 244 247 208 216 214 205 177 159 161 150 

Percentage distribution

All grades................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1

Elementary ...................................................... 67.6 68.6 72.5 72.6 72.5 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.7 71.6 71.5 71.4 71.2 70.8 70.5 

Prekindergarten ........................................... 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 Kindergarten ................................................ 6.3 7.7 8.0 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 

1st grade...................................................... 7.1 8.2 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 2nd grade..................................................... 6.8 7.5 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.3 

3rd grade...................................................... 7.1 7.3 8.0 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.4 4th grade...................................................... 7.6 7.0 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.5 5th grade...................................................... 7.7 7.0 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 6th grade...................................................... 7.4 7.1 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7th grade...................................................... 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.9 8th grade...................................................... 7.5 7.6 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Elementary ungraded .................................. 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 

Secondary ....................................................... 32.4 31.4 27.5 27.4 27.5 27.7 27.9 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.8 29.2 29.5 

9th grade...................................................... 8.3 8.7 7.7 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.6 10th grade.................................................... 8.2 8.2 7.0 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.6 11th grade.................................................... 7.8 7.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.8 12th grade.................................................... 7.2 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3 Secondary ungraded ................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1Refers to all students in public and private schools and homeschooled students.2Students whose grade equivalent was “ungraded” were excluded from the grade analysis. The percentage of students withan “ungraded” grade equivalent was 0.03 percent in 1999 and 0.02 percent in 2003 and 2007.

NOTE: The number and percentage of homeschoolers exclude students who a week; also excluded in 1999 and 2003 are students who were homeschoolestudents who were homeschooled primarily due to a temporary illness. Deta

Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Race catStandard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education S2003; and Parent Survey (Parent:1999) and Parent and Family Involvement ithe National Household Education Surveys Program. (This table was prepare

Table 40. Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, p

characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007

Selected characteristic

1999 2003 

Number of students1

(in thousands)

Number

homeschooled

(in thousands)

Percent

homeschooled

Number of students1

(in thousands)

Number

homeschooled

(in thousands)

Percent

homeschooled

Number of students

(in thousands

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Total ............................................................. 50,188 (72.7) 850 (71.1) 1.7 (0.14) 50,707 (89.3) 1,096 (92.3) 2.2 (0.18) 51,135 (155.3

Sex of child

Male ......................................................................... 25,515 (233.9) 417 (43.9) 1.6 (0.17) 25,819 (286.8) 569 (61.9) 2.2 (0.24) 26,286 (355.6

Female..................................................................... 24,673 (238.7) 434 (46.1) 1.8 (0.19) 24,888 (277.7) 527 (58.2) 2.1 (0.23) 24,849 (386.9

Race/ethnicity of child

White........................................................................ 32,474 (168.2) 640 (62.3) 2.0 (0.19) 31,584 (187.2) 843 (77.5) 2.7 (0.25) 29,815 (197.9Black ........................................................................ 8,047 (102.3) 84 (24.8) 1.0 (0.31) 7,985 (45.7) 103 ! (33.9) 1.3 ! (0.42) 7,523 (114.0Hispanic ................................................................... 7,043 (85.5) 77 (17.7) 1.1 (0.25) 8,075 (35.1) 59 ! (21.1) 0.7 ! (0.26) 9,589 (84.8Other........................................................................ 2,623 (114.2) 49 ! (17.2) 1.9 ! (0.65) 3,063 (161.1) 91 ! (31.5) 3.0 ! (1.02) 4,208 (170.6

Grade equivalent2

Kindergarten through 5th grade............................... 24,428 (20.5) 428 (48.1) 1.8 (0.20) 24,269 (24.7) 472 (55.3) 1.9 (0.23) 23,529 (68.1

Kindergarten ........................................................ 3,790 (20.0) 92 (19.7) 2.4 (0.52) 3,643 (24.7) 98 (23.5) 2.7 (0.64) 3,669 (67.9

Grades 1 through 3 .............................................. 12,692 (6.2) 199 (36.7) 1.6 (0.29) 12,098 (#) 214 (33.3) 1.8 (0.28) 11,965 (2.4

Grades 4 through 5 .............................................. 7,946 (1.3) 136 (22.5) 1.7 (0.28) 8,528 (#) 160 (30.1) 1.9 (0.35) 7,895 (2.1

Grades 6 through 8.................................................. 11,788 (3.4) 186 (28.0) 1.6 (0.24) 12,472 (6.5) 302 (44.9) 2.4 (0.36) 12,435 (0.7

Grades 9 through 12................................................ 13,954 (70.5) 235 (33.2) 1.7 (0.24) 13,958 (81.8) 315 (47.0) 2.3 (0.33) 15,161 (129.3

Number of children in the household

One child.................................................................. 8,226 (153.8) 120 (20.3) 1.5 (0.24) 8,033 (218.1) 110 (22.3) 1.4 (0.27) 8,463 (227.1

Two children ............................................................. 19,883 (211.4) 207 (27.1) 1.0 (0.14) 20,530 (319.4) 306 (45.1) 1.5 (0.22) 20,694 (295.3Three or more children ............................................ 22,078 (241.2) 523 (65.2) 2.4 (0.30) 22,144 (362.8) 679 (80.2) 3.1 (0.36) 21,979 (331.0

Number of parents in the household

Two parents.............................................................. 33,007 (203.8) 683 (68.3) 2.1 (0.21) 35,936 (315.1) 886 (82.7) 2.5 (0.23) 37,262 (302.1

One parent............................................................... 15,454 (209.4) 142 (25.0) 0.9 (0.16) 13,260 (319.2) 196 (42.6) 1.5 (0.32) 11,734 (299.2

Nonparental guardians ............................................ 1,727 (86.0) 25 ! (14.4) 1.4 ! (0.82) 1,511 (100.1) 14 ! (11.1) 0.9 ! (0.74) 2,139 (203.2

Parent participation in the labor force

Two parents—both in labor force ............................. 22,880 (241.5) 237 (39.8) 1.0 (0.17) 25,108 (373.1) 274 (44.1) 1.1 (0.18) 26,075 (318.9

Two parents—one in labor force .............................. 9,628 (194.4) 444 (53.8) 4.6 (0.55) 10,545 (297.2) 594 (73.7) 5.6 (0.67) 10,776 (284.8

One parent—in labor force....................................... 13,907 (220.0) 98 (21.8) 0.7 (0.16) 12,045 (267.9) 174 (39.8) 1.4 (0.33) 9,989 (277.2No parent participation in labor force....................... 3,773 (162.3) 71 (18.8) 1.9 (0.48) 3,008 (171.4) 54 ! (23.7) 1.8 ! (0.78) 4,296 (228.0

Highest education level of parents

High school diploma or less..................................... 18,334 (217.3) 160 (26.5) 0.9 (0.15) 16,106 (272.3) 269 (51.6) 1.7 (0.32) 14,303 (292.6Vocational/technical or some college....................... 15,177 (215.2) 287 (37.3) 1.9 (0.24) 16,068 (323.4) 338 (57.7) 2.1 (0.36) 14,584 (326.3

Bachelor’s degree/some graduate school................ 9,412 (179.0) 230 (36.3) 2.4 (0.37) 10,849 (275.0) 309 (48.5) 2.8 (0.45) 12,321 (281.6

Graduate/professional degree ................................. 7,264 (179.9) 173 (39.9) 2.4 (0.54) 7,683 (239.5) 180 (41.6) 2.3 (0.55) 9,927 (242.9

Household income

$25,000 or less ........................................................ 16,776 (116.9) 262 (45.0) 1.6 (0.27) 12,375 (53.6) 283 (56.0) 2.3 (0.45) 11,544 (123.8$25,001 to $50,000.................................................. 15,220 (232.7) 278 (36.7) 1.8 (0.24) 13,220 (270.2) 311 (49.9) 2.4 (0.37) 10,592 (236.4 $50,001 to $75,000................................................. 8,576 (189.3) 162 (25.5) 1.9 (0.30) 10,961 (282.2) 264 (51.1) 2.4 (0.46) 10,289 (232.9

Over $75,000 ........................................................... 9,615 (211.2) 148 (26.5) 1.5 (0.28) 14,150 (261.7) 238 (45.8) 1.7 (0.33) 18,710 (232.6

Urbanicity

City........................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 15,998 (292.3Suburb ..................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 18,988 (291.3Town......................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 5,574 (209.4Rural ........................................................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 10,576 (110.9
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.!Interpret data with caution.1Excludes students who were enrolled in school for more than 25 hours a week; also excluded in 1999 and 2003 are studentswho were homeschooled only due to a temporary illness and, in 2007, students who were homeschooled primarily due to a temporary illness.

2Students whose grade equivalent was “ungraded” were excluded from the gra“ungraded” grade equivalent was 0.03 percent in 1999 and 0.02 percent in 200NOTE: Data are based on parent reports. Race categories exclude persons of because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatistFamily Involvement in Education Survey (PFI:2003 and PFI:2007) of the Nationtable was prepared July 2010.)

Table 41. Percentage distribution of students ages 5 through 17 attending kindergarten through 12th grade, by school type or participation in homeschooling an

household characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007

Selected characteristic

1999 2003 

Public school

Private school Homeschooled1

Public school

Private school Homeschooled1

Public scho

Assigned Chosen Assigned Chosen Assigned 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

Total ............................................................. 74.1 (0.45) 14.3 (0.33) 10.0 (0.28) 1.7 (0.14) 72.1 (0.57) 15.0 (0.41) 10.8 (0.39) 2.2 (0.18) 70.6 (0.70) 1

Sex of child

Male ......................................................................... 74.8 (0.60) 13.9 (0.44) 9.7 (0.34) 1.6 (0.17) 72.1 (0.70) 15.0 (0.56) 10.7 (0.48) 2.2 (0.24) 70.7 (1.05) 1

Female..................................................................... 73.4 (0.61) 14.6 (0.45) 10.3 (0.41) 1.8 (0.19) 72.1 (0.78) 14.9 (0.54) 10.8 (0.51) 2.1 (0.23) 70.5 (0.88) 1

Race/ethnicity of child

White........................................................................ 75.0 (0.54) 11.2 (0.35) 11.8 (0.39) 2.0 (0.19) 72.7 (0.67) 12.4 (0.47) 12.2 (0.48) 2.7 (0.25) 69.9 (0.80) 1

Black ........................................................................ 70.2 (1.24) 22.6 (1.22) 6.2 (0.47) 1.0 (0.31) 66.6 (1.49) 23.4 (1.45) 8.6 (0.85) 1.3 ! (0.42) 68.4 (2.30) 2Hispanic ................................................................... 76.0 (1.02) 17.6 (0.91) 5.2 (0.40) 1.1 (0.25) 77.2 (1.17) 15.0 (0.99) 7.1 (0.66) 0.7 ! (0.26) 74.6 (1.41) 1

Other........................................................................ 69.5 (2.20) 17.6 (1.99) 11.0 (1.35) 1.9 ! (0.65) 67.1 (2.59) 18.7 (1.94) 11.3 (1.61) 3.0 ! (1.02) 70.4 (2.23) 1

Disability status of child as reported by parent

Has a disability......................................................... 74.8 (0.93) 15.3 (0.78) 8.0 (0.49) 1.8 (0.27) 72.4 (1.12) 16.2 (0.75) 9.2 (0.70) 2.2 (0.35) 72.7 (1.35) 1

Does not have a disability ........................................ 73.9 (0.51) 14.0 (0.36) 10.5 (0.34) 1.7 (0.16) 72.0 (0.67) 14.5 (0.51) 11.3 (0.44) 2.1 (0.21) 69.9 (0.76) 1

Grade equivalent2

Kindergarten through 5th grade............................... 71.5 (0.61) 15.1 (0.43) 11.6 (0.41) 1.8 (0.20) 70.1 (0.70) 16.2 (0.56) 11.8 (0.53) 1.9 (0.23) 68.5 (1.16) 1

Kindergarten ........................................................ 66.2 (1.67) 15.4 (1.13) 15.9 (1.29) 2.4 (0.52) 69.0 (1.50) 15.5 (1.18) 12.8 (1.21) 2.7 (0.64) 66.4 (2.20) 1

Grades 1 through 3 .............................................. 72.2 (0.87) 15.3 (0.67) 10.9 (0.53) 1.6 (0.29) 70.0 (1.18) 16.2 (0.96) 12.1 (0.73) 1.8 (0.28) 68.4 (1.68) 1

Grades 4 through 5 .............................................. 72.9 (1.17) 14.6 (0.79) 10.7 (0.77) 1.7 (0.28) 70.7 (1.12) 16.5 (0.96) 10.9 (0.76) 1.9 (0.35) 69.7 (1.62) 1

Grades 6 through 8.................................................. 77.4 (0.79) 11.5 (0.65) 9.5 (0.47) 1.6 (0.24) 73.3 (1.03) 14.1 (0.81) 10.2 (0.59) 2.4 (0.36) 74.4 (1.44) 1

Grades 9 through 12................................................ 75.7 (0.75) 15.1 (0.60) 7.5 (0.44) 1.7 (0.24) 74.6 (0.97) 13.6 (0.76) 9.5 (0.63) 2.3 (0.33) 70.8 (1.07) 1

Number of parents in the household

Two parents.............................................................. 74.5 (0.54) 12.0 (0.35) 11.5 (0.37) 2.1 (0.21) 71.8 (0.67) 13.6 (0.51) 12.1 (0.47) 2.5 (0.23) 69.5 (0.73) 1

One parent............................................................... 73.5 (0.78) 18.2 (0.55) 7.3 (0.47) 0.9 (0.16) 72.9 (1.09) 18.0 (0.98) 7.6 (0.67) 1.5 (0.32) 73.6 (1.39) 1

Nonparental guardians ............................................ 71.6 (2.70) 21.9 (2.72) 5.1 (0.84) 1.4 ! (0.82) 73.2 (3.05) 20.1 (2.59) 5.8 (1.36) 0.9 ! (0.74) 72.2 (5.91) 2

Highest education level of parents

Less than a high school diploma ............................. 79.1 (1.38) 18.0 (1.46) 2.7 (0.51) 0.2 ! (0.10) 76.9 (2.06) 18.9 (1.76) 2.9 (1.18) 1.3 ! (0.73) 83.3 (2.03) 1

High school diploma or GED ................................... 79.0 (0.84) 14.3 (0.72) 5.6 (0.44) 1.1 (0.19) 77.8 (1.01) 15.5 (0.89) 4.9 (0.45) 1.8 (0.34) 78.8 (1.90) 1

Vocational/technical or some college....................... 75.8 (0.72) 14.7 (0.63) 7.7 (0.40) 1.9 (0.24) 74.0 (0.97) 15.5 (0.74) 8.3 (0.58) 2.1 (0.36) 72.0 (1.03) 1

Bachelor’s degree/some graduate school................ 68.6 (1.06) 13.2 (0.75) 15.8 (0.75) 2.4 (0.37) 67.1 (1.00) 13.2 (0.84) 16.8 (0.90) 2.8 (0.45) 66.8 (1.24) 1

Graduate/professional degree ................................. 65.0 (1.14) 12.4 (0.77) 20.2 (0.91) 2.4 (0.54) 63.6 (1.50) 13.5 (1.14) 20.5 (1.28) 2.3 (0.55) 59.2 (1.37) 1

Poverty status of household

Below poverty .......................................................... 74.8 (1.16) 19.2 (1.06) 4.3 (0.50) 1.7 (0.34) 76.3 (1.28) 17.7 (1.10) 3.7 (0.67) 2.3 (0.58) 76.6 (2.48) 1

Between poverty and 200 percent of poverty .......... 76.8 (0.79) 15.3 (0.70) 5.9 (0.48) 2.0 (0.31) 75.1 (1.17) 16.0 (0.87) 5.9 (0.69) 3.1 (0.50) 74.4 (1.45) 1

At or above 200 percent of poverty.......................... 72.5 (0.57) 11.8 (0.34) 14.0 (0.47) 1.6 (0.18) 69.8 (0.70) 13.8 (0.54) 14.6 (0.54) 1.8 (0.21) 67.6 (0.75) 1

Urbanicity

City........................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 61.7 (1.46) 2Suburb ..................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 72.7 (0.95) 1Town......................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 77.3 (1.77) 1Rural ........................................................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 76.7 (1.36) 1

Region

Northeast ................................................................. 72.8 (1.06) 13.4 (0.78) 12.6 (0.63) 1.1 (0.30) 71.6 (1.42) 11.9 (1.02) 14.6 (1.03) 1.8 ! (0.58) 72.5 (1.42) 1

South ....................................................................... 75.4 (0.65) 13.2 (0.52) 9.3 (0.43) 2.0 (0.28) 74.2 (0.88) 14.9 (0.72) 8.3 (0.58) 2.6 (0.39) 71.9 (1.15) 1Midwest.................................................................... 74.3 (0.80) 13.4 (0.72) 10.9 (0.61) 1.4 (0.24) 69.9 (1.27) 14.4 (0.92) 13.8 (1.04) 2.0 (0.37) 70.8 (1.54) 1West......................................................................... 72.7 (0.95) 17.7 (0.73) 7.5 (0.49) 2.0 (0.34) 71.9 (1.07) 17.9 (0.97) 8.3 (0.59) 2.0 (0.34) 67.0 (1.40) 2
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 79

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Data for California for 1989–90 and earlier years are not strictly comparable with those for

other states because California’s attendance figures included excused absences. 

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of

State School Systems, 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1979–80; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education

Financial Survey,” 1989–90 through 2007–08. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 42. Average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969–70 through 2007–08

State or jurisdiction 1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1994–95 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

United States ........................... 41,934,376 38,288,911 37,799,296 40,720,763 43,806,726 44,075,930 44,604,592 45,017,360 45,325,731 45,625,458 45,931,617 46,132,663 46,155,830

Alabama ........................................... 777,123 711,432 683,833 687,047 725,212 719,562 702,423 701,235 706,446 706,588 714,197 714,302 731,161

Alaska............................................... 72,489 79,945 98,213 113,874 122,412 122,932 123,316 123,145 122,341 121,699 122,010 120,988 119,882

Arizona ............................................. 391,526 481,905 557,252 658,084 782,851 803,453 834,036 868,547 878,891 911,640 933,663 972,404 973,689

Arkansas........................................... 414,158 423,610 403,025 420,229 422,958 421,625 422,817 418,775 425,571 430,290 435,278 436,804 439,347

California1 ......................................... 4,418,423 4,044,736 4,893,341 5,198,308 5,957,216 6,075,001 6,219,160 6,312,362 6,384,882 6,373,959 6,349,270 6,351,774 6,365,266

Colorado ........................................... 500,388 513,475 519,419 594,019 656,700 671,909 707,202 709,349 673,285 700,485 712,476 722,168 735,549

Connecticut....................................... 618,881 507,362 439,524 481,742 533,779 540,946 547,194 557,701 561,530 559,478 558,423 555,428 553,445

Delaware........................................... 120,819 94,058 89,838 98,793 106,444 105,681 107,730 109,945 108,751 110,393 113,986 113,992 116,472

District of Columbia .......................... 138,600 91,576 71,468 71,446 65,371 62,881 62,681 61,236 65,625 70,817 59,137 61,799 61,636

Florida............................................... 1,312,693 1,464,461 1,646,583 1,927,172 2,175,453 2,269,372 2,326,142 2,362,841 2,418,329 2,463,323 2,494,778 2,527,431 2,494,397

Georgia............................................. 1,019,427 989,433 1,054,097 1,181,724 1,326,713 1,347,218 1,379,176 1,400,007 1,424,004 1,460,767 1,499,317 1,542,305 1,561,935

Hawaii............................................... 168,140 151,563 157,360 169,254 171,180 171,117 170,268 169,797 167,739 169,825 168,009 165,415 166,179

Idaho................................................. 170,920 189,199 203,987 225,986 230,828 230,890 231,861 234,244 237,095 241,590 247,009 251,278 255,523

Illinois................................................ 2,084,844 1,770,435 1,587,733 1,734,175 1,789,089 1,805,582 1,837,863 1,855,417 1,862,274 1,862,046 1,871,619 1,879,288 1,881,810

Indiana.............................................. 1,111,043 983,444 884,568 900,017 929,281 928,703 931,886 942,506 943,735 944,944 966,967 976,373 969,976

Iowa .................................................. 624,403 510,081 450,224 478,285 471,384 467,404 462,276 459,761 457,771 456,559 477,491 481,528 492,922

Kansas.............................................. 470,296 382,019 388,986 413,699 426,853 425,036 413,670 419,285 415,529 411,455 407,812 422,142 418,701

Kentucky ........................................... 647,970 619,868 569,795 572,952 565,693 564,198 566,451 569,538 570,911 574,380 580,937 583,102 585,775

Louisiana .......................................... 776,555 727,601 727,125 730,148 701,957 684,566 680,122 674,949 674,333 670,238 648,243 625,916 631,163

Maine................................................ 225,146 211,400 195,089 199,387 194,554 191,963 190,477 188,776 187,492 184,374 180,223 178,870 175,161

Maryland........................................... 785,989 686,336 620,617 701,594 791,133 797,522 807,331 809,398 808,557 804,696 800,553 795,473 793,881

Massachusetts.................................. 1,056,207 935,960 763,231 831,918 913,502 920,522 921,266 921,201 932,417 930,338 930,151 933,697 917,181

Michigan ........................................... 1,991,235 1,758,427 1,446,996 1,492,653 1,574,894 1,577,260 1,588,300 1,591,900 1,590,555 1,583,496 1,574,023 1,556,297 1,528,815

Minnesota ......................................... 864,595 748,606 699,001 770,549 818,819 820,457 818,160 813,660 792,896 788,354 787,521 791,417 790,206

Mississippi ........................................ 524,623 454,401 476,048 470,974 468,746 465,505 461,951 461,269 463,470 463,816 461,112 462,251 461,459

Missouri ............................................ 906,132 777,269 729,693 794,177 836,105 836,411 843,148 849,040 851,749 851,114 859,441 858,821 852,106

Montana............................................ 162,664 144,608 135,406 148,325 142,313 139,198 136,498 133,988 132,356 130,998 129,948 128,872 132,104

Nebraska .......................................... 314,516 270,524 254,754 268,732 261,767 268,897 267,909 269,499 260,352 260,725 262,805 263,800 264,810

Nevada ............................................. 113,421 134,995 173,149 229,862 305,067 321,679 334,853 346,512 364,409 378,186 383,403 395,536 395,355

New Hampshire ................................ 140,203 154,187 154,915 179,892 200,283 198,389 199,429 200,184 202,352 201,242 199,952 198,004 195,383

New Jersey ....................................... 1,322,124 1,140,111 997,561 1,102,565 1,222,438 1,257,124 1,297,217 1,312,610 1,336,869 1,341,156 1,358,562 1,348,279 1,340,220

New Mexico ...................................... 259,997 253,453 290,245 314,822 323,963 319,939 320,082 320,189 319,637 322,046 323,964 327,244 326,034

New York........................................... 3,099,192 2,530,289 2,244,110 2,388,973 2,595,070 2,598,176 2,610,320 2,614,977 2,599,902 2,581,772 2,556,705 2,542,259 2,520,932

North Carolina .................................. 1,104,295 1,072,150 1,012,274 1,071,640 1,185,737 1,203,143 1,225,681 1,242,234 1,264,266 1,289,444 1,319,335 1,343,357 1,364,608

North Dakota .................................... 141,961 118,986 109,659 111,502 105,123 103,420 100,028 97,879 96,231 94,823 92,843 91,078 91,972

Ohio .................................................. 2,246,282 1,849,283 1,584,735 1,627,984 1,659,903 1,653,316 1,654,816 1,683,337 1,700,533 1,719,566 1,730,080 1,691,206 1,660,981

Oklahoma ......................................... 560,993 548,065 543,170 570,381 586,266 580,754 580,894 581,767 583,932 587,188 591,486 596,172 596,450

Oregon.............................................. 436,736 418,593 419,771 458,107 479,321 481,223 483,038 487,544 486,073 506,638 513,650 516,258 515,834

Pennsylvania..................................... 2,169,225 1,808,630 1,524,839 1,629,877 1,684,913 1,683,637 1,691,123 1,694,148 1,701,096 1,698,795 1,702,566 1,701,044 1,693,569

Rhode Island .................................... 163,205 139,195 125,934 136,229 144,422 144,895 145,330 144,813 143,792 143,939 139,001 138,993 134,737

South Carolina.................................. 600,292 569,612 569,029 608,699 624,456 623,008 628,510 629,997 635,750 639,950 647,703 652,803 656,996

South Dakota.................................... 158,543 124,934 119,823 128,335 122,252 120,966 118,919 118,383 116,651 115,148 114,673 114,863 114,723

Tennessee ........................................ 836,010 806,696 761,766 806,895 844,878 846,551 849,413 850,322 859,522 868,129 881,414 889,312 891,430

Texas ................................................ 2,432,420 2,608,817 3,075,333 3,364,830 3,706,550 3,771,568 3,860,613 3,940,776 4,016,791 4,084,792 4,186,812 4,255,963 4,322,975

Utah .................................................. 287,405 312,813 408,917 442,617 448,096 447,450 448,557 451,063 456,183 464,645 478,233 488,514 503,562

Vermont ............................................ 97,772 95,045 87,832 98,608 98,894 97,717 96,996 95,868 95,160 93,608 92,508 91,437 89,880

Virginia.............................................. 995,580 955,105 989,197 1,079,496 1,195,123 1,087,591 1,099,677 1,109,459 1,118,446 1,133,882 1,141,790 1,142,342 1,150,316

Washington....................................... 764,735 710,929 755,141 870,163 925,696 927,530 931,533 933,702 937,656 941,238 946,824 947,857 947,791

West Virginia..................................... 372,278 353,264 301,947 287,937 273,277 264,798 262,581 260,365 266,078 271,197 271,780 272,045 267,989

Wisconsin ......................................... 880,609 770,554 711,466 782,395 825,699 824,002 821,934 831,939 826,864 831,809 834,177 835,072 823,754

Wyoming........................................... 81,293 89,471 91,277 93,691 86,092 83,243 81,734 79,921 78,652 77,878 77,757 79,090 79,788

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .......................... — — 11,448 14,000 15,102 14,818 15,487 15,243 15,123 15,302 15,237 14,606 14,646

Guam ............................................ 20,315 — 23,883 31,779 — — — — 28,301 — 29,617 29,515 28,358

Northern Marianas........................ — — 6,809 7,351 8,712 8,968 9,426 9,739 10,047 10,301 10,871 10,277 9,927

Puerto Rico................................... — 656,709 597,436 547,561 540,676 538,738 536,481 535,874 534,941 540,365 522,655 531,273 494,880

U.S. Virgin Islands......................... — — 18,924 20,339 18,676 16,069 17,181 16,187 15,878 15,841 15,241 14,927 15,903
80 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

#Rounds to zero. 

1Includes data for states reporting students of two or more races.

NOTE: Percentage distribution based on students for whom race/ethnicity was reported,

which may be less than the total number of students in the state. Race categories exclude

persons of Hispanic ethnicity. DoD = Department of Defense. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1998–99 and 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 43. Percentage distribution of enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: Fall 1998 

and fall 2008

State or jurisdiction

Percentage distribution, fall 1998 Percentage distribution, fall 2008

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native Other1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

United States .......... 100.0 63.0 17.0 14.9 3.9 1.1 100.0 54.9 17.0 21.5 5.0 1.2 0.5

Alabama .......................... 100.0 61.5 36.2 0.9 0.7 0.7 100.0 58.8 35.3 3.9 1.2 0.8 —

Alaska.............................. 100.0 62.5 4.6 3.0 5.1 24.8 100.0 53.3 3.5 5.8 7.2 23.1 7.0

Arizona ............................ 100.0 55.0 4.5 31.7 1.9 6.9 100.0 44.4 5.8 41.4 3.0 5.5 —

Arkansas.......................... 100.0 72.8 23.5 2.5 0.8 0.4 100.0 66.6 22.4 8.6 1.6 0.7 —

California ......................... 100.0 37.9 8.7 41.4 11.1 0.9 100.0 27.9 7.3 49.0 11.7 0.7 3.4

Colorado .......................... 100.0 70.6 5.6 19.9 2.7 1.2 100.0 60.9 6.0 28.4 3.6 1.2 —

Connecticut...................... 100.0 71.2 13.6 12.4 2.6 0.3 100.0 64.5 13.9 17.1 4.2 0.4 —

Delaware.......................... 100.0 62.4 30.4 4.9 2.0 0.2 100.0 52.1 33.2 10.9 3.4 0.4 —

District of Columbia ......... 100.0 4.3 85.9 8.3 1.6 # 100.0 6.0 81.5 10.8 1.6 0.1 —

Florida.............................. 100.0 55.3 25.5 17.2 1.8 0.3 100.0 47.0 24.0 26.1 2.6 0.3 —

Georgia............................ 100.0 56.4 38.1 3.4 2.0 0.1 100.0 47.2 39.0 10.4 3.3 0.2 —

Hawaii.............................. 100.0 20.8 2.4 4.6 71.7 0.4 100.0 19.5 2.3 4.6 72.9 0.6 —

Idaho................................ 100.0 87.1 0.7 9.7 1.2 1.2 100.0 81.2 1.3 14.1 1.7 1.6 —

Illinois............................... 100.0 61.4 21.4 13.9 3.2 0.2 100.0 54.3 20.0 21.3 4.2 0.2 —

Indiana............................. 100.0 84.7 11.4 2.8 0.9 0.2 100.0 78.3 12.8 7.1 1.5 0.3 —

Iowa ................................. 100.0 91.4 3.6 2.8 1.7 0.5 100.0 84.5 5.8 7.0 2.2 0.6 —

Kansas............................. 100.0 80.6 8.6 7.5 2.1 1.2 100.0 72.8 8.8 14.0 2.8 1.6 —

Kentucky .......................... 100.0 88.4 10.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 100.0 84.7 11.0 3.0 1.1 0.1 —

Louisiana ......................... 100.0 49.7 47.1 1.3 1.3 0.7 100.0 48.8 46.1 2.9 1.4 0.8 —

Maine............................... 100.0 97.0 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 100.0 93.7 2.7 1.2 1.6 0.8 —

Maryland.......................... 100.0 55.0 36.6 4.0 4.0 0.3 100.0 46.2 38.0 9.5 5.9 0.4 —

Massachusetts................. 100.0 77.1 8.6 10.0 4.2 0.2 100.0 69.9 8.2 14.3 5.2 0.3 2.0

Michigan .......................... 100.0 74.7 19.5 3.0 1.7 1.0 100.0 71.4 20.2 4.8 2.7 0.9 —

Minnesota ........................ 100.0 84.8 5.8 2.6 4.7 2.0 100.0 75.6 9.6 6.4 6.2 2.2 —

Mississippi ....................... 100.0 47.7 51.0 0.5 0.6 0.1 100.0 46.3 50.5 2.1 0.9 0.2 —

Missouri ........................... 100.0 80.1 17.1 1.4 1.1 0.3 100.0 76.0 17.8 3.9 1.9 0.4 —

Montana........................... 100.0 86.8 0.5 1.6 0.8 10.2 100.0 83.7 1.0 2.6 1.2 11.4 —

Nebraska ......................... 100.0 84.8 6.3 5.9 1.4 1.5 100.0 74.6 8.1 13.5 2.1 1.7 —

Nevada ............................ 100.0 61.2 9.9 22.0 5.1 1.8 100.0 42.3 11.2 36.9 8.1 1.5 —

New Hampshire ............... 100.0 96.2 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.2 100.0 91.9 2.1 3.3 2.4 0.3 —

New Jersey ...................... 100.0 61.6 18.1 14.3 5.8 0.2 100.0 54.0 17.1 19.9 8.5 0.2 0.3

New Mexico ..................... 100.0 37.2 2.3 48.8 1.0 10.8 100.0 28.9 2.6 56.1 1.4 11.0 —

New York.......................... 100.0 55.6 20.4 18.1 5.6 0.4 100.0 51.1 19.3 21.4 7.7 0.5 —

North Carolina ................. 100.0 62.5 31.2 3.1 1.7 1.5 100.0 54.3 31.2 10.6 2.5 1.4 —

North Dakota ................... 100.0 89.9 1.0 1.2 0.7 7.3 100.0 85.3 2.2 2.2 1.1 9.2 —

Ohio ................................. 100.0 81.5 15.8 1.5 1.1 0.1 100.0 78.4 16.9 2.8 1.7 0.1 —

Oklahoma ........................ 100.0 67.0 10.7 4.9 1.4 16.0 100.0 57.3 10.9 10.5 2.1 19.2 —

Oregon............................. 100.0 82.9 2.7 8.7 3.7 2.1 100.0 71.7 3.1 18.1 5.0 2.1 —

Pennsylvania.................... 100.0 79.4 14.6 4.0 1.9 0.1 100.0 73.6 15.8 7.5 2.9 0.2 —

Rhode Island ................... 100.0 76.4 7.6 12.3 3.3 0.5 100.0 68.6 9.0 18.5 3.2 0.7 —

South Carolina................. 100.0 55.7 42.0 1.2 0.9 0.2 100.0 53.8 38.8 5.5 1.6 0.4 —

South Dakota................... 100.0 87.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 9.6 100.0 81.3 2.5 2.7 1.3 12.2 —

Tennessee ....................... 100.0 76.7 20.9 1.2 1.0 0.1 100.0 68.3 24.6 5.2 1.6 0.2 —

Texas ............................... 100.0 44.1 14.4 38.6 2.5 0.3 100.0 34.0 14.2 47.9 3.6 0.4 —

Utah ................................. 100.0 87.9 0.8 7.2 2.5 1.5 100.0 79.4 1.4 14.5 3.3 1.4 —

Vermont ........................... 100.0 97.1 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.5 100.0 94.0 1.7 1.2 1.5 0.2 1.5

Virginia............................. 100.0 64.9 27.2 3.9 3.7 0.2 100.0 58.2 26.4 9.2 5.9 0.3 —

Washington...................... 100.0 76.1 5.1 9.1 7.1 2.6 100.0 67.1 5.7 15.8 8.9 2.6 —

West Virginia.................... 100.0 94.9 4.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 100.0 92.8 5.4 0.9 0.7 0.1 —

Wisconsin ........................ 100.0 81.9 9.8 3.8 3.1 1.4 100.0 76.3 10.5 8.0 3.7 1.5 —

Wyoming.......................... 100.0 88.6 1.0 6.7 0.8 2.9 100.0 83.3 1.6 10.4 1.1 3.5 —

Bureau of Indian Education 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 —

DoD, overseas ................. 100.0 58.5 21.0 8.4 11.1 0.9 100.0 55.7 16.5 16.5 10.6 0.6 —

DoD, domestic ................. — — — — — — 100.0 53.0 17.6 23.9 4.7 0.8 —

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ......... 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 — — — — — — —

Guam ........................... 100.0 2.2 0.4 0.2 97.1 0.1 — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas....... 100.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 99.2 0.0 — — — — — — —

Puerto Rico.................. 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.1 # 99.8 # # —

U.S. Virgin Islands........ 100.0 0.9 84.7 13.9 0.4 0.1 100.0 1.3 83.0 15.3 0.3 0.1 —
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 81

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1U.S. total includes imputation for nonreporting states.

2Imputation for survey nonresponse.

NOTE: Table reflects counts of students enrolled in schools for which both enrollment data

and free/reduced-price lunch eligibility data were reported. Some data have been revised

from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

2000–01, 2005–06, 2007–08, and 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 44. Number and percentage of public school students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, by state: Selected years, 2000–01 through 

2008–09

State

Number of students

Number of students eligible for 

free/reduced-price lunch

Percent of students eligible for 

free/reduced-price lunch

2000–01 2005–06 2007–08 2008–09 2000–01 2005–06 2007–08 2008–09 2000–01 2005–06 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States................ 46,579,068 1 48,403,390 47,772,027 1 48,168,458 17,839,867 1 20,333,474 20,522,564 1 21,501,568 38.3 1 42.0 43.0 1 44.6

Alabama ............................ 728,351 741,544 738,382 742,997 335,143 383,219 377,454 389,252 46.0 51.7 51.1 52.4

Alaska................................ 105,333 103,498 131,029 130,662 32,468 41,872 44,043 44,578 30.8 40.5 33.6 34.1

Arizona .............................. 877,696 2 955,320 1,010,604 1,075,949 274,277 2 492,450 412,305 515,916 31.2 2 51.5 40.8 47.9

Arkansas............................ 449,959 474,206 479,016 478,965 205,058 250,641 269,355 273,549 45.6 52.9 56.2 57.1

California ........................... 6,050,753 6,311,900 5,953,047 6,180,511 2,820,611 3,063,627 3,099,565 3,267,160 46.6 48.5 52.1 52.9

Colorado ............................ 724,349 779,825 791,996 816,922 195,148 258,264 275,475 289,326 26.9 33.1 34.8 35.4

Connecticut........................ 562,179 2 575,051 568,405 552,978 143,030 2 152,669 168,586 169,742 25.4 2 26.5 29.7 30.7

Delaware............................ 114,676 120,937 119,256 122,622 37,766 43,682 44,185 48,982 32.9 36.1 37.1 39.9

District of Columbia ........... 68,380 66,498 61,184 66,511 47,839 41,050 38,309 46,102 70.0 61.7 62.6 69.3

Florida................................ 2,434,755 2,674,998 2,666,811 2,631,020 1,079,009 1,224,228 1,215,459 1,304,324 44.3 45.8 45.6 49.6

Georgia.............................. 1,444,937 1,598,461 1,649,589 1,655,792 624,511 795,394 840,921 877,701 43.2 49.8 51.0 53.0

Hawaii................................ 184,357 184,925 179,897 179,406 80,657 74,926 67,747 74,895 43.8 40.5 37.7 41.7

Idaho.................................. 244,755 260,343 271,976 274,672 85,824 99,093 101,202 109,071 35.1 38.1 37.2 39.7

Illinois................................. 2,048,792 2 1,976,077 1,955,299 1,977,007 759,973 2 785,715 810,398 832,946 37.1 2 39.8 41.4 42.1

Indiana............................... 977,219 1,034,719 1,044,593 1,045,833 285,267 373,433 410,324 437,293 29.2 36.1 39.3 41.8

Iowa ................................... 492,021 481,094 482,204 482,735 131,553 154,416 161,551 165,830 26.7 32.1 33.5 34.4

Kansas............................... 462,594 466,263 468,014 470,397 154,693 180,919 186,948 202,060 33.4 38.8 39.9 43.0

Kentucky ............................ 626,723 641,682 665,066 660,419 298,334 336,287 340,413 345,926 47.6 52.4 51.2 52.4

Louisiana ........................... 741,162 654,388 680,499 684,745 433,068 400,596 430,263 444,562 58.4 61.2 63.2 64.9

Maine................................. 198,532 189,572 190,737 187,484 60,162 65,877 68,814 71,407 30.3 34.8 36.1 38.1

Maryland............................ 852,911 860,018 841,948 840,506 255,872 272,069 282,129 292,398 30.0 31.6 33.5 34.8

Massachusetts................... 979,590 971,907 962,806 958,910 237,871 274,515 283,819 294,681 24.3 28.2 29.5 30.7

Michigan ............................ 1,703,260 1,711,532 1,665,559 1,629,880 504,044 609,754 627,239 681,764 29.6 35.6 37.7 41.8

Minnesota .......................... 854,154 838,998 833,547 826,121 218,867 253,938 264,646 270,777 25.6 30.3 31.7 32.8

Mississippi ......................... 497,421 494,744 494,013 491,129 319,670 344,107 330,635 336,113 64.3 69.6 66.9 68.4

Missouri ............................. 912,247 915,844 917,188 917,871 315,608 358,428 362,385 354,973 34.6 39.1 39.5 38.7

Montana............................. 154,438 143,093 140,715 140,430 47,415 50,172 50,936 52,021 30.7 35.1 36.2 37.0

Nebraska ........................... 286,138 286,610 291,238 291,805 87,045 99,387 108,986 112,293 30.4 34.7 37.4 38.5

Nevada .............................. 282,621 410,531 423,309 422,250 92,978 170,039 169,144 169,185 32.9 41.4 40.0 40.1

New Hampshire ................. 206,919 203,998 200,772 197,934 31,212 35,087 36,416 40,496 15.1 17.2 18.1 20.5

New Jersey ........................ 1,312,983 1,395,600 1,341,122 1,377,573 357,728 373,946 387,965 414,582 27.2 26.8 28.9 30.1

New Mexico ....................... 320,303 326,755 321,544 322,363 174,939 181,916 199,302 202,758 54.6 55.7 62.0 62.9

New York............................ 2,859,927 2,812,964 2,765,435 2,717,371 1,236,945 1,260,933 1,220,052 1,226,247 43.3 44.8 44.1 45.1

North Carolina ................... 1,194,371 1,356,570 1,003,293 1,076,134 470,316 603,316 456,210 493,946 39.4 44.5 45.5 45.9

North Dakota ..................... 109,201 98,284 95,052 94,728 31,840 29,064 29,687 29,963 29.2 29.6 31.2 31.6

Ohio ................................... 1,745,237 1,836,982 1,822,586 2 1,813,999 494,829 597,517 616,031 2 661,151 28.4 32.5 33.8 2 36.4

Oklahoma .......................... 623,110 632,812 640,515 643,640 300,179 346,070 354,139 362,090 48.2 54.7 55.3 56.3

Oregon............................... 535,617 534,814 558,791 553,825 186,203 230,737 235,632 255,795 34.8 43.1 42.2 46.2

Pennsylvania...................... 1,798,977 1,813,760 1,635,217 1,638,671 510,121 574,951 560,384 591,250 28.4 31.7 34.3 36.1

Rhode Island ..................... 157,347 151,686 146,228 139,922 52,209 53,521 55,596 57,174 33.2 35.3 38.0 40.9

South Carolina................... 677,411 700,397 711,552 717,001 320,254 361,567 366,883 376,735 47.3 51.6 51.6 52.5

South Dakota..................... 128,598 121,999 118,379 124,323 37,857 39,059 40,289 43,836 29.4 32.0 34.0 35.3

Tennessee ......................... 909,161 2 934,444 948,934 949,964 436,298 2 448,431 475,202 485,590 48.0 2 48.0 50.1 51.1

Texas ................................. 4,059,353 4,523,575 4,673,455 4,751,003 1,823,029 2,181,697 2,230,688 2,317,239 44.9 48.2 47.7 48.8

Utah ................................... 470,265 508,399 526,542 553,040 135,428 164,255 172,576 174,729 28.8 32.3 32.8 31.6

Vermont ............................. 102,049 96,638 87,038 85,842 23,986 25,487 25,767 27,115 23.5 26.4 29.6 31.6

Virginia............................... 1,067,710 1,167,860 1,224,044 1,235,143 320,233 377,725 386,805 408,336 30.0 32.3 31.6 33.1

Washington........................ 1,004,770 2 1,031,967 1,030,247 997,244 326,295 2 376,198 383,802 396,602 32.5 2 36.5 37.3 39.8

West Virginia...................... 286,285 280,699 282,512 282,718 143,446 137,878 138,931 141,448 50.1 49.1 49.2 50.0

Wisconsin .......................... 859,276 864,207 874,478 872,338 219,276 256,645 281,027 292,609 25.5 29.7 32.1 33.5

Wyoming............................ 89,895 84,402 86,364 87,153 43,483 26,707 25,944 27,050 48.4 31.6 30.0 31.0
82 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero. 

1Data do not include Vermont, for which 2007–08 and 2008–09 data were not available. In

2006–07, the total number of 3- to 21-year-olds served in Vermont was 14,010.

2Other health impairments include having limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or

acute health problems such as a heart condition, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, nephritis,

asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes. 3Prior to 1990–91 and after 1999–2000, preschool children are included in the counts by disability condition. For other years, preschool children are not included in the counts by disability condition, but are separately reported.

4Based on the total enrollment in public schools, prekindergarten through 12th grade.

NOTE: Prior to October 1994, children and youth with disabilities were served under Chapter 1

of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act as well as under the Individuals with Disabilities

Education Act (IDEA), Part B. Data reported in this table for years prior to 1994–95 include children ages 0–21 served under Chapter 1. Data are for the 50 states and the District of Columbia

only. Increases since 1987–88 are due in part to new legislation enacted in fall 1986, which

added a mandate for public school special education services for 3- to 5-year-old disabled children. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to

totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Annual

Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act,

selected years, 1979 through 2006; and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) database, retrieved September 13, 2010, from http://www.ideadata.org/PartBdata.asp. National

Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems, 1977–78 and 1980–81; Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public

Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1990–91 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 45. Children 3 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, by type of disability: Selected years, 

1976–77 through 2008–09

Type of disability 1976–77 1980–81 1990–91 1995–96 1998–99

1999–

2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–081 2008–091

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Number served (in thousands)

All disabilities....................... 3,694 4,144 4,710 5,572 6,056 6,195 6,296 6,407 6,523 6,634 6,719 6,713 6,686 6,606 6,483

Autism............................................ — — — 28 53 65 94 114 137 163 191 223 258 296 336

Deaf-blindness............................... — 3 1 1221222222 2 2

Developmental delay ..................... — — — — 12 19 178 242 283 305 332 339 333 358 354

Emotional disturbance ................... 283 347 389 437 462 469 481 483 485 489 489 477 464 442 420

Hearing impairments ..................... 88 79 58 67 70 71 78 78 78 79 79 79 80 79 78

Intellectual disability....................... 961 830 534 571 597 600 624 616 602 593 578 556 534 500 478

Multiple disabilities......................... — 68 96 93 106 111 133 136 138 140 140 141 142 138 130

Orthopedic impairments ................ 87 58 49 63 69 71 83 83 83 77 73 71 69 67 70

Other health impairments2 ............. 141 98 55 133 220 253 303 350 403 464 521 570 611 641 659

Preschool disabled3 ....................... † † 390 544 568 581 † † † † † † † † †

Specific learning disabilities........... 796 1,462 2,129 2,578 2,790 2,834 2,868 2,861 2,848 2,831 2,798 2,735 2,665 2,573 2,476

Speech or language impairments.. 1,302 1,168 985 1,022 1,068 1,080 1,409 1,391 1,412 1,441 1,463 1,468 1,475 1,456 1,426

Traumatic brain injury..................... — — — 9 13 14 16 22 22 23 24 24 25 25 26

Visual impairments ........................ 38 31 23 25 26 26 29 28 29 28 29 29 29 29 29

Percentage distribution of children served

All disabilities....................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Autism............................................ — — — 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.8 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.2

Deaf-blindness............................... — 0.1 # ########## # #

Developmental delay ..................... — — — — 0.2 0.3 2.8 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.5

Emotional disturbance ................... 7.7 8.4 8.3 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.5

Hearing impairments ..................... 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Intellectual disability....................... 26.0 20.0 11.3 10.2 9.9 9.7 9.9 9.6 9.2 8.9 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.4

Multiple disabilities......................... — 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0

Orthopedic impairments ................ 2.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

Other health impairments2 ............. 3.8 2.4 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.1 4.8 5.5 6.2 7.0 7.7 8.5 9.1 9.7 10.2

Preschool disabled3 ....................... † † 8.3 9.8 9.4 9.4 † † † † † † † † †

Specific learning disabilities........... 21.5 35.3 45.2 46.3 46.1 45.7 45.5 44.7 43.7 42.7 41.6 40.7 39.9 39.0 38.2

Speech or language impairments.. 35.2 28.2 20.9 18.3 17.6 17.4 22.4 21.7 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 22.1 22.0 22.0

Traumatic brain injury..................... — — — 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Visual impairments ........................ 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Number served as a percent of total enrollment4

All disabilities....................... 8.3 10.1 11.4 12.4 13.0 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.7 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.4 13.2

Autism............................................ — — — 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7

Deaf-blindness............................... — # # ########## # #

Developmental delay ..................... — — — — # # 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Emotional disturbance ................... 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Hearing impairments ..................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Intellectual disability....................... 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Multiple disabilities......................... — 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Orthopedic impairments ................ 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other health impairments2 ............. 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

Preschool disabled3 ....................... † † 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 † † † † † † † † †

Specific learning disabilities........... 1.8 3.6 5.2 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.0

Speech or language impairments.. 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9

Traumatic brain injury..................... — — — # # # # # # # # # 0.1 0.1 0.1

Visual impairments ........................ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 83

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

#Rounds to zero. 

1Data for 2006, 2007, and 2008 combine public and private schools and combine public and

private residential facilities.

2Students who are enrolled by their parents or guardians in regular private schools and have

their basic education paid through private resources, but receive special education services at

public expense. These students are not included under “Regular school, time outside general

class” (columns 3 through 5).

3Other health impairments include having limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or

acute health problems such as a heart condition, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, nephritis,

asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes.

NOTE: Data are for the 50 United States, the District of Columbia, and the Bureau of Indian

Education schools. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Individuals

with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) database. Retrieved September 18, 2010, from https://

www.ideadata.org/arc_toc10.asp#partbLRE. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 46. Percentage distribution of students 6 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, by educational 

environment and type of disability: Selected years, fall 1989 through fall 2008

Type of disability

All

environments

Regular school, time 

outside regular class

Separate school for students 

with disabilities

Separate 

residential facility

Parentally

placed in

regular

private

schools

Homebound/

hospital

placement

Correctional

facility

Less than

21 percent

21–60

percent

More than

60 percent Public Private Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

All students with disabilities

1989.......................................................... 100.0 31.7 37.5 24.9 3.2 1.3 0.7 0.3 — 0.6 —

1990.......................................................... 100.0 33.1 36.4 25.0 2.9 1.3 0.6 0.3 — 0.5 —

1994.......................................................... 100.0 44.8 28.5 22.4 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 — 0.6 —

1995.......................................................... 100.0 45.7 28.5 21.5 2.1 1.0 0.4 0.3 — 0.5 —

1996.......................................................... 100.0 46.1 28.3 21.4 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.3 — 0.5 —

1997.......................................................... 100.0 46.8 28.8 20.4 1.8 1.0 0.4 0.3 — 0.5 —

1998.......................................................... 100.0 46.0 29.9 20.0 1.8 1.1 0.4 0.3 — 0.5 —

1999.......................................................... 100.0 45.9 29.8 20.3 1.9 1.0 0.4 0.3 — 0.5 —

2000.......................................................... 100.0 46.5 29.8 19.5 1.9 1.1 0.4 0.3 — 0.5 —

2001.......................................................... 100.0 48.2 28.5 19.2 1.7 1.2 0.4 0.4 — 0.4 —

2002.......................................................... 100.0 48.2 28.7 19.0 1.7 1.2 0.3 0.4 — 0.5 —

2003.......................................................... 100.0 49.9 27.7 18.5 1.7 1.1 0.3 0.4 — 0.5 —

2004.......................................................... 100.0 51.9 26.5 17.6 1.8 1.2 0.3 0.3 — 0.4 —

2005.......................................................... 100.0 54.2 25.1 16.7 1.8 1.2 0.3 0.3 — 0.5 —

2006

All students with disabilities.......... 100.0 53.7 23.7 17.6 2.9 1 (

1) 0.4 1 (1) 1.0 2 0.4 0.4

Autism....................................................... 100.0 32.3 18.4 38.7 9.0 1 (

1) 0.7 1 (1) 0.5 2 0.3 #

Deaf-blindness.......................................... 100.0 21.0 13.5 34.8 20.7 1 (

1) 7.6 1 (1) 0.6 2 1.8 #

Developmental delay ................................ 100.0 58.8 21.3 18.4 0.8 1 (

1) 0.1 1 (1) 0.4 2 0.2 #

Emotional disturbance .............................. 100.0 35.1 20.8 26.6 12.3 1 (

1) 2.1 1 (1) 0.2 2 1.2 1.7

Hearing impairments ................................ 100.0 48.8 17.8 19.8 8.2 1 (

1) 4.2 1 (1) 1.0 2 0.2 0.1

Intellectual disability.................................. 100.0 16.0 28.7 48.4 5.6 1 (

1) 0.4 1 (1) 0.2 2 0.5 0.3

Multiple disabilities.................................... 100.0 13.4 16.7 44.4 20.5 1 (

1) 2.0 1 (1) 0.4 2 2.3 0.3

Orthopedic impairments ........................... 100.0 47.0 19.0 26.3 5.3 1 (

1) 0.2 1 (1) 0.7 2 1.4 #

Other health impairments3 ........................ 100.0 54.8 26.5 14.9 1.6 1 (

1) 0.2 1 (1) 0.8 2 1.0 0.2

Specific learning disabilities...................... 100.0 54.8 31.4 11.8 0.7 1 (

1) 0.1 1 (1) 0.7 2 0.2 0.4

Speech or language impairments............. 100.0 84.2 6.1 6.8 0.3 1 (

1) # 1 (1) 2.5 2 0.1 #

Traumatic brain injury................................ 100.0 41.7 26.1 23.7 5.7 1 (

1) 0.6 1 (1) 0.6 2 1.4 0.2

Visual impairments ................................... 100.0 57.2 14.7 15.9 6.4 1 (

1) 4.4 1 (1) 0.9 2 0.5 0.1

2007

All students with disabilities.......... 100.0 56.8 22.4 15.4 3.0 1 (

1) 0.4 1 (1) 1.1 2 0.4 0.4

Autism....................................................... 100.0 34.6 18.2 36.9 8.7 1 (

1) 0.7 1 (1) 0.6 2 0.3 #

Deaf-blindness.......................................... 100.0 20.8 13.8 32.4 21.2 1 (

1) 9.3 1 (1) 0.3 2 2.0 0.2

Developmental delay ................................ 100.0 61.6 20.8 16.2 0.7 1 (

1) 0.1 1 (1) 0.5 2 0.2 #

Emotional disturbance .............................. 100.0 37.3 19.7 24.1 13.1 1 (

1) 2.1 1 (1) 0.4 2 1.2 2.0

Hearing impairments ................................ 100.0 51.9 17.6 16.8 8.0 1 (

1) 4.3 1 (1) 1.1 2 0.2 0.1

Intellectual disability.................................. 100.0 15.8 27.6 49.0 6.0 1 (

1) 0.4 1 (1) 0.3 2 0.5 0.3

Multiple disabilities.................................... 100.0 12.9 16.1 45.2 20.6 1 (

1) 1.9 1 (1) 0.5 2 2.5 0.3

Orthopedic impairments ........................... 100.0 50.0 17.4 24.5 5.5 1 (

1) 0.2 1 (1) 0.9 2 1.5 0.1

Other health impairments3 ........................ 100.0 59.0 25.4 11.7 1.6 1 (

1) 0.2 1 (1) 1.0 2 1.0 0.3

Specific learning disabilities...................... 100.0 59.0 29.7 9.2 0.6 1 (

1) 0.1 1 (1) 0.9 2 0.2 0.4

Speech or language impairments............. 100.0 86.7 5.7 4.5 0.3 1 (

1) # 1 (1) 2.8 2 0.1 #

Traumatic brain injury................................ 100.0 43.9 24.8 22.5 5.7 1 (

1) 0.7 1 (1) 0.7 2 1.6 0.2

Visual impairments ................................... 100.0 60.1 14.3 12.9 6.3 1 (

1) 4.5 1 (1) 1.3 2 0.6 0.1

2008

All students with disabilities.......... 100.0 58.0 21.7 15.1 3.0 1 (

1) 0.4 1 (1) 1.1 2 0.4 0.4

Autism....................................................... 100.0 36.1 18.3 35.8 8.3 1 (

1) 0.6 1 (1) 0.6 2 0.3 #

Deaf-blindness.......................................... 100.0 30.0 16.7 29.1 15.5 1 (

1) 7.0 1 (1) 0.6 2 1.3 0.1

Developmental delay ................................ 100.0 61.8 20.6 16.2 0.7 1 (

1) 0.1 1 (1) 0.5 2 0.2 #

Emotional disturbance .............................. 100.0 39.2 19.4 23.2 13.1 1 (

1) 2.0 1 (1) 0.2 2 1.1 1.9

Hearing impairments ................................ 100.0 53.3 17.2 15.8 8.3 1 (

1) 3.9 1 (1) 1.2 2 0.2 0.1

Intellectual disability.................................. 100.0 16.2 27.4 48.9 6.0 1 (

1) 0.4 1 (1) 0.2 2 0.5 0.3

Multiple disabilities.................................... 100.0 13.2 16.5 46.2 19.1 1 (

1) 1.9 1 (1) 0.3 2 2.6 0.2

Orthopedic impairments ........................... 100.0 51.3 16.6 24.8 4.9 1 (

1) 0.2 1 (1) 0.8 2 1.4 0.1

Other health impairments3 ........................ 100.0 60.1 24.6 11.3 1.6 1 (

1) 0.2 1 (1) 1.0 2 1.0 0.3

Specific learning disabilities...................... 100.0 60.9 28.4 8.6 0.6 1 (

1) 0.1 1 (1) 0.9 2 0.2 0.4

Speech or language impairments............. 100.0 86.4 5.7 4.7 0.3 1 (

1) # 1 (1) 2.8 2 # #

Traumatic brain injury................................ 100.0 45.0 23.2 23.0 6.0 1 (

1) 0.6 1 (1) 0.6 2 1.5 0.2

Visual impairments ................................... 100.0 61.6 13.9 12.0 6.6 1 (

1) 4.1 1 (1) 1.2 2 0.6 0.1
84 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

#Rounds to zero.

1Percentage of students with disabilities is based on the total enrollment in public schools, prekindergarten through 12th grade. 

NOTE: Prior to October 1994, children and youth with disabilities were served under Chapter 1

of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act as well as under the Individuals with Disabilities

Education Act (IDEA), Part B. Data reported in this table for 1990–91 include children ages 0–21

served under Chapter 1. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. U.S.

totals for 2007–08 and 2008–09 do not include data for Vermont.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Annual Report

to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, selected

years, 1992 through 2006, and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) database,

retrieved September 2, 2010, from http://www.ideadata.org/PartBdata.asp. National Center for

Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2008–09. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 47. Number and percentage of children served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, by age group and state or 

jurisdiction: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2008–09

State or jurisdiction

3- to 21-year-olds served 3- to 5-year-olds served

1990–91 2000–01 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09

As a

percent

of public

school

enrollment,

2008–091

Percent

change in

number

served,

2000–01

to 2008–09 1990–91 2000–01 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States ............ 4,710,089 6,295,816 6,712,605 6,686,361 6,605,695 6,483,372 13.2 3.0 389,751 592,087 698,608 706,401 699,841 699,966

Alabama ............................ 94,601 99,828 92,635 89,013 84,772 82,861 11.1 -17.0 7,154 7,554 8,218 8,026 7,111 7,079

Alaska................................ 14,390 17,691 17,997 17,760 17,535 17,662 13.5 -0.2 1,458 1,637 2,082 1,987 1,954 1,941

Arizona .............................. 56,629 96,442 124,504 126,654 131,136 124,793 11.5 29.4 4,330 9,144 14,062 14,040 14,097 14,028

Arkansas............................ 47,187 62,222 67,314 68,133 65,965 64,719 13.5 4.0 4,626 9,376 10,286 11,689 11,795 12,288

California ........................... 468,420 645,287 676,318 672,737 670,904 671,095 10.6 4.0 39,627 57,651 66,653 67,052 68,002 70,497

Colorado ............................ 56,336 78,715 83,498 83,559 83,077 83,577 10.2 6.2 4,128 8,202 10,540 10,939 10,802 11,255

Connecticut........................ 63,886 73,886 71,968 69,127 68,987 68,853 12.1 -6.8 5,466 7,172 7,881 6,833 7,660 7,911

Delaware............................ 14,208 16,760 18,857 19,366 19,435 19,084 15.2 13.9 1,493 1,652 2,073 2,213 2,264 2,237

District of Columbia ........... 6,290 10,559 11,738 11,113 10,863 10,671 15.5 1.1 411 374 507 754 567 543

Florida................................ 234,509 367,335 398,916 398,289 391,092 384,975 14.6 4.8 14,883 30,660 34,350 33,644 32,819 33,796

Georgia.............................. 101,762 171,292 197,596 196,810 189,424 179,707 10.9 4.9 7,098 16,560 20,728 20,410 18,454 16,185

Hawaii................................ 12,705 23,951 21,963 21,099 20,441 20,130 11.2 -16.0 809 1,919 2,423 2,459 2,477 2,501

Idaho.................................. 21,703 29,174 29,021 28,439 27,989 27,930 10.2 -4.3 2,815 3,591 4,043 3,889 3,976 3,981

Illinois................................. 236,060 297,316 323,444 326,763 321,668 318,529 15.0 7.1 22,997 28,787 35,454 37,152 36,957 36,997

Indiana............................... 112,949 156,320 177,826 179,043 179,076 176,114 16.8 12.7 7,243 15,101 19,228 19,364 19,530 18,834

Iowa ................................... 59,787 72,461 72,457 71,394 69,204 67,362 13.8 -7.0 5,421 5,580 6,118 6,199 5,872 5,944

Kansas............................... 44,785 61,267 65,595 65,831 65,712 65,730 14.0 7.3 3,881 7,728 9,267 9,524 9,608 9,896

Kentucky ............................ 78,853 94,572 108,798 109,354 109,187 107,732 16.1 13.9 10,440 16,372 21,317 21,007 20,591 19,755

Louisiana ........................... 72,825 97,938 90,453 89,422 88,153 86,022 12.6 -12.2 6,703 9,957 10,597 10,503 10,151 9,860

Maine................................. 27,987 35,633 36,522 35,564 34,425 33,284 17.3 -6.6 2,895 3,978 4,348 4,145 3,889 3,700

Maryland............................ 88,017 112,077 110,959 106,739 104,585 103,451 12.3 -7.7 7,163 10,003 12,148 11,590 11,752 12,203

Massachusetts................... 149,743 162,216 162,654 165,959 166,747 168,497 17.6 3.9 12,141 14,328 15,195 15,813 15,920 16,317

Michigan ............................ 166,511 221,456 243,607 241,941 236,576 232,444 14.0 5.0 14,547 19,937 24,290 24,268 24,097 24,488

Minnesota .......................... 79,013 109,880 116,511 117,924 119,332 119,991 14.4 9.2 8,646 11,522 13,402 13,989 14,286 14,361

Mississippi ......................... 60,872 62,281 68,099 67,590 65,717 64,407 13.1 3.4 5,642 6,944 8,319 8,430 8,422 8,968

Missouri ............................. 101,166 137,381 143,204 141,406 138,292 132,946 14.5 -3.2 4,100 11,307 15,268 15,415 15,629 15,245

Montana............................. 16,955 19,313 19,259 18,557 18,158 17,645 12.4 -8.6 1,751 1,635 1,925 1,941 1,971 1,954

Nebraska ........................... 32,312 42,793 45,239 44,833 45,687 44,038 15.1 2.9 2,512 3,724 4,665 4,886 5,179 4,522

Nevada .............................. 18,099 38,160 47,794 48,230 48,332 48,328 11.2 26.6 1,401 3,676 5,492 5,669 5,715 6,170

New Hampshire ................. 19,049 30,077 31,782 31,399 32,274 30,156 15.2 0.3 1,468 2,387 2,902 2,905 2,523 2,891

New Jersey ........................ 178,870 221,715 249,385 250,109 250,099 223,910 16.2 1.0 14,741 16,361 19,329 19,782 19,580 15,379

New Mexico ....................... 36,000 52,256 50,322 47,917 46,384 45,957 13.9 -12.1 2,210 4,970 6,441 6,300 6,337 6,487

New York............................ 307,366 441,333 447,422 451,929 453,715 444,339 16.2 0.7 26,266 51,665 58,297 60,156 63,040 61,799

North Carolina ................... 122,942 173,067 192,820 192,451 191,668 187,728 12.6 8.5 10,516 17,361 20,543 20,433 19,914 18,682

North Dakota ..................... 12,294 13,652 13,883 13,825 13,616 13,278 14.0 -2.7 1,164 1,247 1,520 1,567 1,560 1,576

Ohio ................................... 205,440 237,643 266,447 269,133 269,742 264,878 14.6 11.5 12,487 18,664 22,702 23,455 23,137 23,209

Oklahoma .......................... 65,457 85,577 96,601 95,860 95,323 93,936 14.6 9.8 5,163 6,393 8,149 7,625 7,617 7,431

Oregon............................... 54,422 75,204 77,376 77,832 78,264 79,404 13.8 5.6 2,854 6,926 8,167 8,311 8,572 9,008

Pennsylvania...................... 214,254 242,655 288,733 292,798 293,865 294,958 16.6 21.6 17,982 21,477 25,964 27,599 28,145 29,496

Rhode Island ..................... 20,646 30,727 30,681 30,243 29,033 27,596 19.0 -10.2 1,682 2,614 2,815 2,982 2,967 2,930

South Carolina................... 77,367 105,922 110,219 107,353 103,731 101,896 14.2 -3.8 7,948 11,775 11,603 13,864 10,472 10,763

South Dakota..................... 14,726 16,825 17,631 17,824 17,971 17,867 14.1 6.2 2,105 2,286 2,747 2,684 2,683 2,734

Tennessee ......................... 104,853 125,863 120,122 120,263 120,925 118,425 12.2 -5.9 7,487 10,699 12,008 11,967 12,264 12,325

Texas ................................. 344,529 491,642 507,405 494,302 472,749 452,311 9.5 -8.0 24,848 36,442 40,236 39,351 37,528 38,169

Utah ................................... 46,606 53,921 60,526 61,166 63,066 65,084 11.6 20.7 3,424 5,785 7,462 7,597 8,023 8,366

Vermont ............................. 12,160 13,623 13,917 14,010 — — — — 1,097 1,237 1,556 1,602 — —

Virginia............................... 112,072 162,212 174,640 170,794 168,496 166,689 13.5 2.8 9,892 14,444 17,480 16,968 16,845 17,124

Washington........................ 83,545 118,851 124,498 122,979 123,698 125,334 12.1 5.5 9,558 11,760 13,429 13,174 13,529 14,006

West Virginia...................... 42,428 50,333 49,677 49,054 47,855 46,978 16.6 -6.7 2,923 5,445 5,833 6,013 5,849 5,899

Wisconsin .......................... 85,651 125,358 130,076 128,526 126,496 125,304 14.3 # 10,934 14,383 16,077 15,591 14,867 15,153

Wyoming............................ 10,852 13,154 13,696 13,945 14,254 14,767 16.9 12.3 1,221 1,695 2,469 2,645 2,842 3,083

Bureau of Indian Education 6,997 8,448 7,795 6,918 7,057 6,730 16.4 -20.3 1,092 338 330 234 325 330

Other jurisdictions ... 38,986 70,670 93,256 102,995 105,451 108,751 — 53.9 3,892 8,168 5,149 7,749 10,205 8,708

American Samoa............... 363 697 1,211 1,146 1,171 1,087 — 56.0 48 48 80 78 169 106

Guam................................. 1,750 2,267 2,480 2,380 2,259 2,189 — -3.4 198 205 171 152 162 201

Northern Marianas ............ 411 569 750 774 784 816 7.5 43.4 211 53 70 76 78 80

Palau.................................. — 131 — — — — — — — 10 — — — —

Puerto Rico........................ 35,129 65,504 87,125 97,129 99,680 103,118 20.5 57.4 3,345 7,746 4,677 7,314 9,644 8,185

U.S. Virgin Islands ............. 1,333 1,502 1,690 1,566 1,557 1,541 9.8 2.6 90 106 151 129 152 136
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1Data are based on universe counts of schools and school districts; therefore, these figures do not have standard errors.

2Data for 2006 are based on universe counts of schools and school districts; therNOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors apbecause of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Civil Rights Drevised May 2008.)

Table 48. Number of gifted and talented students in public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2004 and 2006State 2004, total

2006

Total

Sex Race/ethnicity

Male Female White Black Hispanic 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

United States ........................... 3,202,760 (24,248) 3,236,990 (21,177) 1,579,000 (10,460) 1,657,990 (10,859) 2,191,210 (15,896) 296,150 (3,375) 414,060 (3,350) 

Alabama ........................................... 35,680 (798) 40,610 (361) 19,970 (184) 20,650 (184) 31,450 (338) 7,260 (109) 660 (14) Alaska............................................... 5,390 (166) 5,620 (192) 2,810 (102) 2,810 (91) 4,390 (143) 160 (#) 160 (5) Arizona ............................................. 57,570 (1,275) 60,060 (711) 30,770 (412) 29,290 (306) 38,830 (544) 1,730 (20) 13,940 (178) Arkansas........................................... 50,340 (3,219) 45,600 (1,870) 21,110 (924) 24,490 (967) 34,900 (1,253) 7,470 (677) 2,200 ! (860) California .......................................... 527,370 (10,256) 523,450 (13,209) 260,010 (6,688) 263,440 (6,567) 230,220 (7,405) 21,150 (559) 147,040 (2,827) 

Colorado ........................................... 50,350 (747) 54,000 (620) 27,770 (314) 26,240 (319) 40,420 (543) 2,280 (6) 8,190 (93) 

Connecticut....................................... 15,980 (1,572) 20,170 (2,183) 9,660 (1,094) 10,510 (1,097) 15,470 (1,515) 1,710 (404) 1,350 (295) 

Delaware1 ......................................... 5,260 (†) 6,240 (†) 2,830 (†) 3,410 (†) 4,120 (†) 1,290 (†) 390 (†) 

District of Columbia .......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Florida............................................... 114,400 (1,095) 132,440 (893) 66,740 (462) 65,700 (438) 81,710 (761) 13,170 (92) 31,020 (106) Georgia............................................. 136,620 (3,954) 150,680 (5,291) 71,110 (2,572) 79,560 (2,725) 110,350 (4,419) 26,370 (796) 4,470 (187) 

Hawaii2.............................................. 10,290 (993) 11,140 (†) 4,680 (†) 6,460 (†) 2,570 (†) 120 (†) 220 (†) 

Idaho................................................. 9,920 (528) 10,650 (475) 5,570 (242) 5,070 (237) 9,850 (425) 50 (3) 450 (38) 

Illinois................................................ 112,570 (4,554) 118,480 (5,016) 56,230 (2,375) 62,250 (2,674) 76,680 (3,996) 18,240 (1,697) 12,720 (225) Indiana.............................................. 74,780 (5,219) 82,830 (4,222) 37,930 (1,896) 44,900 (2,350) 72,400 (3,820) 5,320 (644) 2,560 (222) Iowa .................................................. 41,460 (1,657) 39,300 (1,030) 19,490 (516) 19,820 (533) 36,060 (970) 1,000 (21) 910 (86) Kansas.............................................. 15,150 (389) 14,430 (487) 7,810 (280) 6,610 (218) 12,760 (445) 390 (17) 500 (20) Kentucky ........................................... 85,660 (3,179) 96,600 (2,885) 45,310 (1,384) 51,290 (1,528) 89,170 (2,781) 5,150 (394) 890 (43) 

Louisiana .......................................... 28,020 (2,300) 22,010 (721) 10,710 (362) 11,300 (369) 15,740 (591) 4,590 (107) 510 (15) 

Maine................................................ 5,640 (619) 6,030 (304) 2,960 (147) 3,060 (168) 5,750 (297) 50 (5) 40 (10) 

Maryland1 ......................................... 117,010 (†) 137,410 (†) 65,760 (†) 71,650 (†) 86,470 (†) 22,510 (†) 10,480 (†) 

Massachusetts.................................. 7,440 (1,190) 6,130 (908) 2,550 (348) 3,580 (631) 4,240 (820) 540 (30) 510 (26) 

Michigan ........................................... 65,970 (6,408) 54,950 (4,750) 26,470 (2,312) 28,480 (2,467) 44,610 (3,918) 5,510 (1,255) 1,050 (117) 

Minnesota ......................................... 73,940 (2,585) 72,280 (2,154) 35,550 (1,043) 36,740 (1,120) 56,970 (2,047) 4,590 (24) 2,460 (43) 

Mississippi ........................................ 30,510 (837) 31,070 (1,015) 15,110 (496) 15,970 (534) 22,580 (806) 7,520 (253) 410 (23) 

Missouri ............................................ 34,470 (898) 33,070 (831) 16,960 (424) 16,110 (422) 28,780 (767) 2,350 (93) 440 (18) 

Montana............................................ 8,760 (401) 7,490 (251) 3,770 (133) 3,720 (125) 6,800 (235) 30 (3) 140 (10) 

Nebraska .......................................... 32,160 (824) 32,650 (604) 16,200 (307) 16,450 (305) 29,100 (581) 1,080 (11) 1,390 (57) 

Nevada2 ............................................ 7,640 (23) 8,270 (†) 4,220 (†) 4,050 (†) 5,570 (†) 410 (†) 1,210 (†) 

New Hampshire ................................ 4,450 (1,089) 4,700 (1,005) 2,350 (540) 2,350 (469) 4,380 (969) 40 (7) 50 (6) 

New Jersey ....................................... 88,960 (4,851) 97,260 (4,904) 43,920 (2,190) 53,350 (2,764) 64,810 (3,890) 8,620 (808) 9,360 (787) 

New Mexico ...................................... 36,410 (404) 12,950 (399) 6,890 (219) 6,050 (185) 7,180 (256) 240 (8) 4,280 (137) 

New York........................................... 61,350 (5,223) 81,520 (3,741) 38,090 (1,799) 43,440 (1,955) 49,010 (3,322) 12,900 (358) 8,480 (177) 

North Carolina .................................. 155,330 (10,613) 149,700 (4,678) 72,600 (2,261) 77,100 (2,429) 120,700 (3,981) 18,090 (639) 4,040 (168) 

North Dakota .................................... 3,320 (305) 2,770 (162) 1,450 (87) 1,320 (76) 2,370 (100) 30 (1) 20 (#) Ohio .................................................. 133,690 (7,411) 127,610 (5,925) 64,720 (3,150) 62,900 (2,829) 108,200 (5,477) 13,890 (949) 1,540 (70) 

Oklahoma ......................................... 87,620 (2,447) 87,320 (2,151) 42,570 (990) 44,760 (1,192) 61,980 (1,581) 5,050 (93) 4,010 (94) 

Oregon.............................................. 39,440 (903) 38,570 (666) 20,600 (357) 17,970 (318) 32,590 (603) 640 (10) 1,750 (63) 

Pennsylvania..................................... 85,070 (3,170) 75,930 (2,681) 38,830 (1,414) 37,090 (1,297) 63,480 (2,415) 6,680 (292) 1,370 (60) 

Rhode Island .................................... 2,780 (531) 2,060 (300) 920 (134) 1,150 (168) 1,560 (252) 160 ! (41) 230 (30) 

South Carolina.................................. 88,070 (6,564) 77,520 (3,781) 36,580 (1,772) 40,940 (2,022) 59,580 (2,832) 14,660 (964) 1,510 (118) 

South Dakota.................................... 2,940 (241) 3,070 (175) 1,680 (92) 1,390 (87) 2,790 (139) 20 (#) 20 (1) 

Tennessee ........................................ 32,630 (1,451) 17,100 (904) 8,810 (493) 8,290 (416) 14,540 (827) 1,650 (63) 260 (15) 

Texas ................................................ 344,500 (3,483) 344,640 (2,413) 167,640 (1,243) 177,000 (1,234) 175,730 (1,923) 28,260 (618) 115,950 (1,189) 

Utah .................................................. 23,510 (1,218) 25,660 (170) 12,090 (79) 13,570 (91) 20,380 (152) 320 (1) 2,880 (19) 

Vermont ............................................ 740 (151) 730 (129) 390 (70) 340 (61) 690 (121) 10 ! (3) 10 ! (5) 

Virginia.............................................. 142,140 (3,772) 160,140 (3,319) 77,980 (1,608) 82,160 (1,732) 116,360 (2,709) 18,410 (1,070) 7,310 (117) 

Washington....................................... 38,520 (843) 39,010 (1,289) 19,050 (573) 19,960 (726) 30,390 (1,170) 850 (12) 2,430 (89) 

West Virginia..................................... 6,040 (493) 6,630 (559) 3,500 (305) 3,130 (262) 6,120 (504) 230 (35) 30 (4) 

Wisconsin ......................................... 62,000 (4,348) 56,450 (3,095) 27,340 (1,478) 29,100 (1,628) 48,560 (2,821) 3,370 (210) 2,180 (125) Wyoming........................................... 2,910 ! (944) 2,030 (314) 990 (152) 1,040 (164) 1,830 (295) 30 (2) 80 (8) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1Data are based on universe counts of schools and school districts; therefore, these figures do not have standard errors.

2Data for 2006 are based on universe counts of schools and school districts; therNOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors aSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Civil Rights Datpared June 2008.)

Table 49. Percentage of gifted and talented students in public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2004 and 2006State

Total

Sex Race/ethnicity

Male Female White Black Hispanic Asian/Pac

2004 2006 2004 2006 2004 2006 2004 2006 2004 2006 2004 2006 2004 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

United States ......... 6.7 (0.05) 6.7 (0.04) 6.3 (0.05) 6.3 (0.04) 7.0 (0.06) 7.0 (0.05) 7.9 (0.07) 8.0 (0.07) 3.5 (0.05) 3.6 (0.05) 4.3 (0.05) 4.2 (0.04) 11.9 (0.20) 

Alabama ......................... 4.8 (0.11) 5.5 (0.06) 4.6 (0.11) 5.2 (0.06) 4.9 (0.11) 5.7 (0.07) 6.3 (0.16) 7.1 (0.11) 2.4 (0.09) 2.8 (0.06) 2.3 (0.17) 2.9 (0.09) 9.4 (0.50) 

Alaska............................. 4.1 (0.19) 4.1 (0.19) 3.9 (0.19) 4.0 (0.19) 4.2 (0.19) 4.3 (0.19) 5.8 (0.22) 5.8 (0.22) 2.1 (0.03) 2.5 (0.02) 2.3 (0.11) 2.5 (0.13) 4.5 (0.45) Arizona ........................... 5.9 (0.17) 6.3 (0.11) 5.9 (0.17) 6.3 (0.12) 5.9 (0.17) 6.3 (0.11) 8.4 (0.26) 9.1 (0.21) 3.5 (0.14) 3.4 (0.06) 3.3 (0.13) 3.5 (0.07) 13.9 (0.54) 

Arkansas......................... 9.9 (0.65) 9.5 (0.43) 8.8 (0.63) 8.6 (0.41) 11.0 (0.67) 10.5 (0.50) 11.2 (0.80) 10.7 (0.53) 7.1 (0.90) 7.3 (0.73) 5.8 ! (2.39) 5.8 ! (2.29) 10.6 (0.78) 

California ........................ 8.4 (0.18) 8.3 (0.21) 8.0 (0.16) 8.0 (0.21) 8.8 (0.20) 8.6 (0.23) 12.0 (0.36) 11.9 (0.42) 4.6 (0.16) 4.3 (0.16) 5.1 (0.13) 4.8 (0.11) 14.6 (0.56) 

Colorado ......................... 6.7 (0.11) 6.8 (0.11) 6.6 (0.11) 6.9 (0.11) 6.8 (0.12) 6.8 (0.11) 7.9 (0.14) 8.2 (0.16) 5.2 (0.03) 5.0 (0.02) 3.9 (0.14) 3.8 (0.07) 9.6 (0.11) 

Connecticut..................... 3.0 (0.32) 3.8 (0.41) 2.9 (0.31) 3.5 (0.40) 3.2 (0.34) 4.0 (0.44) 3.5 (0.38) 4.3 (0.44) 1.7 (0.44) 2.3 (0.59) 1.4 (0.33) 1.8 (0.42) 5.7 (0.68) 

Delaware1 ....................... 4.6 (†) 5.6 (†) 4.0 (†) 4.9 (†) 5.3 (†) 6.3 (†) 6.1 (†) 6.8 (†) 2.2 (†) 3.6 (†) 1.7 (†) 3.5 (†) 11.5 (†) 

District of Columbia ........ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Florida............................. 4.5 (0.06) 4.7 (0.05) 4.5 (0.06) 4.7 (0.05) 4.5 (0.05) 4.8 (0.05) 5.7 (0.11) 6.1 (0.10) 2.0 (0.02) 2.0 (0.02) 4.0 (0.02) 4.4 (0.03) 8.8 (0.08) 

Georgia........................... 8.9 (0.30) 9.3 (0.35) 8.3 (0.29) 8.6 (0.33) 9.5 (0.31) 10.0 (0.39) 13.6 (0.59) 14.1 (0.69) 3.7 (0.15) 4.1 (0.15) 2.6 (0.25) 3.1 (0.17) 18.8 (0.41) Hawaii2............................ 5.7 (0.57) 6.2 (†) 4.4 (0.42) 5.1 (†) 7.0 (0.74) 7.5 (†) 7.7 (0.95) 9.7 (†) 2.9 (0.53) 2.9 (†) 2.6 (0.36) 3.9 (†) 5.5 (0.59) 

Idaho............................... 3.9 (0.23) 4.2 (0.20) 3.9 (0.21) 4.3 (0.20) 3.9 (0.24) 4.1 (0.21) 4.4 (0.26) 4.7 (0.23) 1.7 (0.20) 2.0 (0.14) 0.9 (0.13) 1.3 (0.12) 6.9 (0.38) 

Illinois.............................. 5.4 (0.22) 5.8 (0.24) 5.0 (0.20) 5.4 (0.23) 5.8 (0.24) 6.3 (0.28) 6.7 (0.33) 7.0 (0.39) 2.5 (0.18) 4.2 (0.40) 2.8 (0.13) 3.1 (0.08) 13.1 (0.98) Indiana............................ 7.1 (0.49) 7.9 (0.40) 6.3 (0.44) 7.0 (0.36) 7.9 (0.55) 8.8 (0.49) 7.7 (0.52) 8.7 (0.50) 3.8 (0.78) 4.1 (0.54) 3.8 (0.66) 3.9 (0.39) 15.5 (2.71) 

Iowa ................................ 8.5 (0.38) 8.2 (0.26) 8.2 (0.37) 7.9 (0.25) 8.9 (0.40) 8.5 (0.29) 9.0 (0.41) 8.8 (0.30) 4.6 (0.33) 3.9 (0.11) 3.7 (0.61) 3.1 (0.38) 13.5 (1.10) 

Kansas............................ 3.3 (0.11) 3.0 (0.12) 3.5 (0.11) 3.2 (0.13) 3.1 (0.11) 2.9 (0.12) 3.9 (0.15) 3.6 (0.16) 1.1 (0.05) 1.0 (0.04) 1.0 (0.08) 0.8 (0.04) 5.5 (0.17) 

Kentucky ......................... 13.0 (0.54) 14.6 (0.50) 11.9 (0.51) 13.2 (0.47) 14.2 (0.57) 16.1 (0.60) 14.2 (0.62) 15.8 (0.64) 5.2 (0.54) 7.0 (0.60) 4.6 (0.46) 5.7 (0.38) 20.2 (1.48) 

Louisiana ........................ 3.9 (0.32) 3.4 (0.13) 3.8 (0.31) 3.2 (0.13) 4.0 (0.34) 3.5 (0.14) 5.5 (0.60) 4.8 (0.26) 1.9 (0.07) 1.6 (0.04) 4.2 (0.34) 3.3 (0.12) 11.7 (0.91) 

Maine.............................. 3.0 (0.36) 3.2 (0.19) 2.9 (0.33) 3.1 (0.18) 3.2 (0.39) 3.4 (0.22) 3.1 (0.37) 3.3 (0.20) 1.3 (0.22) 1.1 (0.12) 1.2 (0.27) 2.3 (0.54) 3.8 (0.80) 

Maryland1 ....................... 13.8 (†) 16.1 (†) 12.9 (†) 15.0 (†) 14.7 (†) 17.2 (†) 17.0 (†) 21.1 (†) 6.7 (†) 7.0 (†) 14.5 (†) 14.7 (†) 33.8 (†) 

Massachusetts................ 0.8 (0.13) 0.7 (0.10) 0.7 (0.12) 0.6 (0.08) 0.9 (0.14) 0.8 (0.15) 0.8 (0.14) 0.6 (0.12) 0.7 (0.13) 0.7 (0.05) 0.8 ! (0.21) 0.5 (0.04) 1.9 (0.30) Michigan ......................... 3.9 (0.37) 3.4 (0.29) 3.6 (0.35) 3.2 (0.28) 4.3 (0.40) 3.7 (0.32) 4.1 (0.41) 3.8 (0.34) 3.0 (0.62) 1.9 (0.44) 2.7 (0.54) 1.4 (0.18) 10.1 (1.56) 

Minnesota ....................... 8.1 (0.37) 8.8 (0.28) 7.7 (0.36) 8.4 (0.26) 8.6 (0.38) 9.2 (0.32) 8.3 (0.44) 8.8 (0.36) 5.2 (0.34) 6.7 (0.11) 4.5 (0.20) 5.4 (0.18) 13.7 (0.33) 

Mississippi ...................... 6.0 (0.19) 6.1 (0.20) 5.7 (0.18) 5.8 (0.19) 6.3 (0.22) 6.4 (0.22) 9.1 (0.38) 9.6 (0.41) 3.3 (0.21) 2.9 (0.11) 5.0 (0.43) 4.5 (0.37) 10.7 (0.48) 

Missouri .......................... 3.8 (0.12) 3.6 (0.11) 3.8 (0.12) 3.5 (0.11) 3.8 (0.13) 3.6 (0.11) 4.3 (0.15) 4.0 (0.14) 1.7 (0.05) 1.5 (0.08) 1.4 (0.10) 1.3 (0.09) 9.0 (0.33) 

Montana.......................... 5.6 (0.28) 5.2 (0.20) 5.4 (0.26) 5.0 (0.20) 5.9 (0.31) 5.3 (0.21) 6.0 (0.31) 5.7 (0.24) 2.8 (0.21) 2.2 (0.22) 3.3 (0.22) 3.9 (0.29) 9.9 (0.77) 

Nebraska ........................ 11.4 (0.31) 11.4 (0.24) 10.9 (0.30) 11.0 (0.24) 11.9 (0.32) 11.8 (0.27) 12.8 (0.38) 13.3 (0.33) 6.4 (0.06) 4.8 (0.05) 4.5 (0.32) 3.9 (0.24) 17.0 (0.25) Nevada2 .......................... 1.9 (0.01) 1.9 (†) 2.1 (0.01) 1.9 (†) 1.8 (0.01) 1.9 (†) 2.8 (0.01) 3.0 (†) 0.8 (#) 0.9 (†) 0.8 (0.01) 0.8 (†) 2.8 (0.02) 

New Hampshire .............. 2.3 (0.55) 2.6 (0.54) 2.1 (0.49) 2.5 (0.56) 2.5 ! (0.62) 2.7 (0.54) 2.3 (0.56) 2.6 (0.58) 0.6 (0.11) 1.1 (0.19) 1.0 (0.20) 0.9 (0.10) 5.8 (1.25) New Jersey ..................... 6.9 (0.38) 7.0 (0.35) 6.2 (0.34) 6.1 (0.31) 7.7 (0.42) 7.9 (0.43) 8.4 (0.53) 8.4 (0.55) 3.3 (0.35) 3.5 (0.36) 3.4 (0.39) 3.5 (0.33) 12.2 (1.13) New Mexico .................... 10.7 (0.26) 4.0 (0.14) 10.9 (0.27) 4.1 (0.15) 10.5 (0.26) 3.8 (0.14) 12.6 (0.42) 7.1 (0.31) 9.6 (0.18) 2.8 (0.11) 11.4 (0.37) 2.4 (0.11) 13.6 (1.09) 

New York......................... 2.2 (0.18) 2.9 (0.13) 2.0 (0.17) 2.6 (0.12) 2.3 (0.19) 3.2 (0.15) 3.4 (0.31) 3.3 (0.23) 0.8 (0.07) 2.4 (0.09) 0.4 (0.04) 1.5 (0.04) 1.7 (0.18) 

North Carolina ................ 10.9 (0.83) 10.8 (0.42) 10.3 (0.81) 10.2 (0.40) 11.6 (0.85) 11.3 (0.47) 15.7 (1.17) 15.4 (0.68) 3.9 (0.27) 4.3 (0.20) 3.0 (0.29) 3.1 (0.18) 16.5 (2.76) 

North Dakota .................. 3.1 (0.30) 2.8 (0.18) 3.0 (0.30) 2.9 (0.19) 3.2 (0.32) 2.8 (0.18) 2.8 (0.23) 2.8 (0.15) 2.3 (0.05) 1.7 (0.09) 1.5 (0.23) 1.4 (0.13) 8.1 (0.38) 

Ohio ................................ 7.4 (0.40) 7.3 (0.33) 7.3 (0.40) 7.2 (0.34) 7.6 (0.40) 7.4 (0.35) 7.6 (0.48) 7.8 (0.42) 6.5 (0.37) 4.7 (0.37) 3.5 (0.26) 3.3 (0.28) 13.6 (1.44) 

Oklahoma ....................... 14.0 (0.45) 13.7 (0.39) 13.1 (0.41) 13.0 (0.36) 15.0 (0.50) 14.4 (0.47) 16.6 (0.56) 16.2 (0.55) 7.7 (0.22) 7.4 (0.23) 7.0 (0.27) 6.8 (0.23) 23.6 (0.56) Oregon............................ 7.1 (0.20) 6.9 (0.16) 7.3 (0.20) 7.2 (0.17) 6.9 (0.21) 6.6 (0.16) 8.0 (0.24) 8.0 (0.22) 3.6 (0.05) 3.5 (0.09) 1.8 (0.10) 2.0 (0.09) 11.6 (0.14) 

Pennsylvania................... 4.8 (0.19) 4.5 (0.17) 4.9 (0.20) 4.5 (0.17) 4.8 (0.19) 4.5 (0.18) 5.3 (0.23) 5.0 (0.22) 2.7 (0.16) 2.4 (0.15) 1.8 (0.38) 1.7 (0.12) 9.5 (0.87) Rhode Island .................. 1.8 (0.38) 1.4 (0.21) 1.6 (0.35) 1.2 (0.18) 2.1 (0.41) 1.6 (0.24) 2.0 (0.44) 1.5 (0.25) 1.5 (0.47) 1.2 ! (0.34) 1.2 (0.48) 1.0 (0.13) 2.2 (0.60) 

South Carolina................ 12.7 (0.98) 11.0 (0.57) 11.7 (0.89) 10.1 (0.52) 13.9 (1.07) 11.9 (0.68) 17.8 (1.29) 15.9 (0.95) 5.9 (0.70) 5.1 (0.39) 5.1 (0.93) 4.6 (0.56) 21.6 (3.32) 

South Dakota.................. 2.2 (0.20) 2.7 (0.17) 2.3 (0.20) 2.8 (0.18) 2.1 (0.20) 2.5 (0.18) 2.4 (0.21) 2.9 (0.19) 1.2 (0.16) 0.9 (0.03) 0.6 (0.12) 0.7 (0.04) 3.3 (0.37) 

Tennessee ...................... 3.3 (0.18) 1.7 (0.10) 3.1 (0.18) 1.7 (0.10) 3.5 (0.18) 1.7 (0.09) 2.9 (0.21) 2.0 (0.13) 4.5 (0.15) 0.7 (0.03) 1.6 (0.15) 0.6 (0.04) 7.9 (0.77) Texas .............................. 8.0 (0.10) 7.6 (0.07) 7.5 (0.10) 7.2 (0.07) 8.5 (0.11) 8.0 (0.08) 11.2 (0.21) 10.8 (0.17) 4.9 (0.14) 4.4 (0.11) 5.6 (0.12) 5.5 (0.07) 16.4 (0.28) 

Utah ................................ 4.6 (0.29) 5.0 (0.05) 4.3 (0.28) 4.6 (0.05) 5.0 (0.29) 5.5 (0.06) 4.5 (0.29) 4.9 (0.06) 5.1 (0.26) 4.6 (0.03) 4.4 (0.37) 4.1 (0.05) 11.7 (0.81) 

Vermont ......................... 0.8 (0.17) 0.8 (0.15) 0.8 (0.17) 0.9 (0.16) 0.9 (0.17) 0.8 (0.15) 0.8 (0.17) 0.8 (0.15) 0.4 ! (0.16) 0.5 ! (0.16) # (†) 1.3 ! (0.57) 0.2 ! (0.10) 

Virginia............................ 12.1 (0.38) 12.6 (0.32) 11.5 (0.36) 12.0 (0.30) 12.8 (0.40) 13.3 (0.37) 14.9 (0.55) 15.6 (0.50) 4.6 (0.21) 5.2 (0.35) 6.7 (0.65) 7.5 (0.23) 24.5 (0.83) 

Washington..................... 3.8 (0.10) 3.9 (0.13) 3.6 (0.10) 3.7 (0.12) 3.9 (0.10) 4.1 (0.16) 4.2 (0.14) 4.4 (0.19) 1.4 (0.02) 1.4 (0.02) 1.8 (0.12) 1.7 (0.09) 5.0 (0.09) West Virginia................... 2.2 (0.19) 2.2 (0.21) 2.3 (0.20) 2.2 (0.22) 2.0 (0.18) 2.1 (0.21) 2.2 (0.19) 2.2 (0.21) 1.4 (0.17) 1.6 (0.32) 1.6 (0.37) 0.9 (0.23) 9.3 (1.90) Wisconsin ....................... 6.8 (0.47) 6.4 (0.35) 6.4 (0.44) 6.1 (0.33) 7.3 (0.51) 6.8 (0.41) 7.8 (0.55) 7.1 (0.45) 2.0 (0.21) 3.7 (0.25) 2.4 (0.23) 3.5 (0.21) 6.7 (0.55) Wyoming......................... 3.2 ! (1.04) 2.2 (0.35) 2.8 ! (0.90) 2.0 (0.32) 3.7 ! (1.19) 2.3 (0.39) 3.5 ! (1.14) 2.3 (0.39) 1.5 ! (0.47) 2.0 (0.19) 1.2 (0.29) 0.9 (0.11) 3.6 (0.31) 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 87

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Includes a relatively small number of secondary ungraded students. 

2Data for 1890 through 1950 are from the decennial censuses of population. Later data are Census Bureau estimates as of July 1 preceding the opening of the school year. 

3Gross enrollment ratio based on school enrollment of all ages in grades 9 to 12 divided by the

14- to 17-year-old population. Differs from enrollment rates in other tables, which are based on

the enrollment of persons in the given age group only. 

4Data are for 1927–28. 

5Data are for 1940–41. 

6Estimated.

7Projected. 

NOTE: Includes enrollment in public schools that are a part of state and local school systems and

also in most private schools, both religiously affiliated and nonsectarian. Some data have been

revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Annual Report

of the Commissioner of Education, 1890 through 1910; Biennial Survey of Education in the United

States, 1919–20 through 1949–50; Statistics of State School Systems, 1951–52 through

1957–58; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems, 1959 through 1980;

Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1959 through 1980; Common Core

of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1981–82

through 2008–09; Schools and Staffing Survey, Private School Data File, 1987–88; Private

School Universe Survey (PSS), 1989–90 through 2007–08; Projections of Education Statistics to

2019; and unpublished data. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population

Reports, Series P-25, Nos. 1000, 1022, 1045, 1057, 1059, 1092, and 1095; and 2000 through

2010 Population Estimates, retrieved September 10, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/popest/

national/asrh/2009-nat-res.html. (This table was prepared November 2010.) 

Table 50. Enrollment in grades 9 through 12 in public and private schools compared with population 14 to 17 years of age: Selected years, 

1889–90 through fall 2010

[In thousands] 

Year

Enrollment, grades 9 to 121

Population

14 to

17 years

of age2

Enrollment

as a

ratio of

population

14 to

17 years

of age3 All schools

Public schools Private schools

Total 9th grade 10th grade 11th grade 12th grade

Secondary

ungraded Total 9th grade 10th grade 11th grade 12th grade

Secondary

ungraded

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1889–90.............. 298 203 — — — — — 95 — — — — — 5,355 5.6

1899–1900.......... 630 519 — — — — — 111 — — — — — 6,152 10.2

1909–10.............. 1,032 915 — — — — — 117 — — — — — 7,220 14.3

1919–20.............. 2,414 2,200 917 576 396 312 0 214 — — — — — 7,736 31.2

1929–30.............. 4,741 4,399 1,627 1,192 880 701 0 341 4 — — — — — 9,341 50.7

1939–40.............. 7,059 6,601 2,011 1,767 1,486 1,282 55 458 5 — — — — — 9,720 72.6

1949–50.............. 6,397 5,725 1,761 1,513 1,275 1,134 42 672 — — — — — 8,405 76.1

Fall 1959 ............. 9,306 8,271 — — — — — 1,035 — — — — — 11,155 83.4

Fall 1963 ............. 12,170 10,883 — — — — — 1,287 — — — — — 13,492 90.2

Fall 1965 ............. 13,002 11,602 3,215 2,993 2,741 2,477 176 1,400 6 — — — — — 14,146 91.9

Fall 1966 ............. 13,280 11,880 3,318 3,111 2,756 2,508 187 1,400 6 — — — — — 14,398 92.2

Fall 1967 ............. 13,647 12,247 3,395 3,221 2,879 2,525 226 1,400 6 — — — — — 14,727 92.7

Fall 1968 ............. 14,123 12,723 3,508 3,310 2,986 2,650 268 1,400 6 — — — — — 15,170 93.1

Fall 1969 ............. 14,337 13,037 3,568 3,405 3,047 2,732 285 1,300 6 — — — — — 15,549 92.2

Fall 1970 ............. 14,647 13,336 3,654 3,458 3,128 2,775 321 1,311 — — — — — 15,924 92.0

Fall 1971 ............. 15,053 13,753 3,781 3,571 3,200 2,864 337 1,300 6 — — — — — 16,328 92.2

Fall 1972 ............. 15,148 13,848 3,779 3,648 3,248 2,873 299 1,300 6 — — — — — 16,639 91.0

Fall 1973 ............. 15,344 14,044 3,801 3,650 3,323 2,918 352 1,300 6 — — — — — 16,867 91.0

Fall 1974 ............. 15,403 14,103 3,832 3,675 3,302 2,955 339 1,300 6 — — — — — 17,035 90.4

Fall 1975 ............. 15,604 14,304 3,879 3,723 3,354 2,986 362 1,300 6 — — — — — 17,128 91.1

Fall 1976 ............. 15,656 14,314 3,825 3,738 3,373 3,015 363 1,342 — — — — — 17,119 91.5

Fall 1977 ............. 15,546 14,203 3,779 3,686 3,388 3,026 324 1,343 — — — — — 17,045 91.2

Fall 1978 ............. 15,441 14,088 3,726 3,610 3,312 3,023 416 1,353 — — — — — 16,946 91.1

Fall 1979 ............. 14,916 13,616 3,526 3,532 3,241 2,969 348 1,300 6 — — — — — 16,611 89.8

Fall 1980 ............. 14,570 13,231 3,377 3,368 3,195 2,925 366 1,339 — — — — — 16,143 90.3

Fall 1981 ............. 14,164 12,764 3,286 3,218 3,039 2,907 314 1,400 6 — — — — — 15,609 90.7

Fall 1982 ............. 13,805 12,405 3,248 3,137 2,917 2,787 315 1,400 6 — — — — — 15,057 91.7

Fall 1983 ............. 13,671 12,271 3,330 3,103 2,861 2,678 299 1,400 — — — — — 14,740 92.7

Fall 1984 ............. 13,704 12,304 3,440 3,145 2,819 2,599 300 1,400 6 — — — — — 14,725 93.1

Fall 1985 ............. 13,750 12,388 3,439 3,230 2,866 2,550 303 1,362 — — — — — 14,888 92.4

Fall 1986 ............. 13,669 12,333 3,256 3,215 2,954 2,601 308 1,336 6 — — — — — 14,824 92.2

Fall 1987 ............. 13,323 12,076 3,143 3,020 2,936 2,681 296 1,247 — — — — — 14,502 91.9

Fall 1988 ............. 12,893 11,687 3,106 2,895 2,749 2,650 288 1,206 6 — — — — — 14,023 91.9

Fall 1989 ............. 12,524 11,393 3,141 2,868 2,629 2,473 281 1,131 303 284 267 273 5 13,536 92.5

Fall 1990 ............. 12,476 11,341 3,169 2,896 2,612 2,381 284 1,136 6 — — — — — 13,329 93.6

Fall 1991 ............. 12,675 11,544 3,313 2,915 2,645 2,392 278 1,131 309 286 272 260 4 13,491 94.0

Fall 1992 ............. 12,862 11,737 3,352 3,027 2,656 2,431 272 1,125 6 — — — — — 13,775 93.4

Fall 1993 ............. 13,081 11,963 3,487 3,050 2,751 2,424 250 1,118 312 286 266 249 5 14,096 92.8

Fall 1994 ............. 13,354 12,215 3,604 3,131 2,748 2,488 244 1,138 6 — — — — — 14,637 91.2

Fall 1995 ............. 13,665 12,502 3,704 3,237 2,826 2,487 247 1,163 325 304 276 255 2 15,013 91.0

Fall 1996 ............. 14,027 12,849 3,801 3,323 2,930 2,586 208 1,178 6 — — — — — 15,443 90.8

Fall 1997 ............. 14,241 13,056 3,819 3,376 2,972 2,673 216 1,185 326 306 283 266 4 15,769 90.3

Fall 1998 ............. 14,407 13,195 3,856 3,382 3,021 2,722 214 1,212 6 — — — — — 15,829 91.0

Fall 1999 ............. 14,600 13,371 3,935 3,415 3,034 2,782 205 1,229 336 313 295 280 5 16,007 91.2

Fall 2000 ............. 14,781 13,517 3,963 3,491 3,083 2,803 177 1,264 6 — — — — — 16,131 91.6

Fall 2001 ............. 15,032 13,736 4,012 3,528 3,174 2,863 159 1,296 350 333 316 293 3 16,221 92.7

Fall 2002 ............. 15,374 14,069 4,105 3,584 3,229 2,990 161 1,306 6 — — — — — 16,401 93.7

Fall 2003 ............. 15,651 14,339 4,190 3,675 3,277 3,046 150 1,311 351 334 317 304 5 16,544 94.6

Fall 2004 ............. 15,949 14,618 4,281 3,750 3,369 3,094 122 1,331 6 — — — — — 16,854 94.6

Fall 2005 ............. 16,258 14,909 4,287 3,866 3,454 3,180 121 1,349 356 348 326 315 3 17,104 95.1

Fall 2006 ............. 16,441 15,081 4,260 3,882 3,551 3,277 110 1,360 6 — — — — — 17,239 95.4

Fall 2007 ............. 16,451 15,087 4,200 3,863 3,558 3,375 92 1,364 357 347 334 324 2 17,239 95.4

Fall 2008 ............. 16,375 14,980 4,123 3,822 3,548 3,400 87 1,395 6 — — — — — 16,980 96.4

Fall 20097............ 16,196 14,807 4,134 3,753 3,478 3,353 90 1,389 — — — — — 16,761 96.6

Fall 20107............ 16,038 14,657 4,101 3,733 3,441 3,292 89 1,382 — — — — — 16,550 96.9
88 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1Estimated.

2Includes enrollment in ancient Greek (not shown separately). Fewer than 1,000 students

were enrolled in this language in each of the years shown.

3Until 1990, student enrollment in Japanese courses was included in the Other modern foreign languages category. 

4Includes students enrolled in unspecified modern foreign languages. Since 1990, enrollment in Japanese courses is reported as a separate category.

NOTE: Percent change computed from unrounded numbers.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1982 through 2000. American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages,

Foreign Language Enrollments in U.S. Public Secondary Schools, Fall 2000. (This table

was prepared April 2002.) 

Table 51. Enrollment in foreign language courses compared with enrollment in grades 9 through 12 in public secondary schools: Selected years, 

fall 1948 through fall 2000

[Number in thousands] 

Language Fall 1948 Fall 1960 Fall 1965 Fall 1968 Fall 1970 Fall 1974 Fall 1976 Fall 1982 Fall 1985 Fall 1990 Fall 1994 Fall 2000

Percent change 

in enrollment

1976

to 1990

1990

to 2000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total enrollment, grades

9 to 12 ................................. 5,602 1 8,589 11,602 12,723 13,336 14,103 14,314 12,405 12,388 11,341 12,215 13,517 -20.8 19.2

All foreign languages2

Number enrolled............... 1,170 2,522 3,659 3,890 3,779 3,295 3,174 2,910 4,029 4,257 5,002 5,898 34.1 38.6

Percent of all students..... 20.9 29.4 31.5 30.6 28.3 23.3 22.2 23.3 32.2 37.5 40.9 43.6 † †

Modern foreign languages

Number enrolled .................... 741 1,867 3,068 3,518 3,514 3,127 3,023 2,740 3,852 4,093 4,813 5,721 35.4 39.8

Percent of all students ........... 13.2 21.7 26.4 27.7 26.4 22.1 21.1 21.9 31.1 36.1 39.4 42.3 † †

Spanish

Number enrolled ................ 443 933 1,427 1,698 1,811 1,678 1,717 1,563 2,334 2,611 3,220 4,058 52.1 55.4

Percent of all students........ 7.9 10.9 12.3 13.3 13.6 11.9 12.0 12.5 18.8 23.0 26.4 30.0 † †

French

Number enrolled ................ 254 744 1,251 1,328 1,231 978 888 858 1,134 1,089 1,106 1,075 22.6 -1.3

Percent of all students........ 4.5 8.7 10.8 10.4 9.2 6.9 6.2 6.9 9.2 9.6 9.1 8.0 † †

German

Number enrolled ................ 43 151 328 423 411 393 353 267 312 295 326 283 -16.2 -4.1

Percent of all students........ 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.1 † †

Russian

Number enrolled ................ — 10 27 24 20 15 11 6 6 16 16 11 46.6 -35.6

Percent of all students........ — 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 # # 0.1 0.1 0.1 † †

Italian

Number enrolled ................ — 20 25 27 27 40 46 44 47 40 44 64 -11.4 58.7

Percent of all students........ — 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 † †

Japanese3

Number enrolled ................ — — — — — — — — — 25 42 51 — 102.5

Percent of all students........ — — — — — — — — — 0.2 0.3 0.4 † †

Other modern foreign 

languages4

Number enrolled ................ 1 9 9 18 15 23 9 3 18 15 59 179 73.0 1,102.3

Percent of all students........ # 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 # 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.3 † †

Latin

Number enrolled .................... 429 655 591 372 265 167 150 170 177 164 189 177 8.9 8.3

Percent of all students ........... 7.7 7.6 5.1 2.9 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 † †
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 89

Enrollment Status and Child Care Arrangements of Young Children

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

1Data collected using new procedures. Data may not be comparable with figures prior to 1994.

2Enrollment data include only those students in preprimary programs.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional population. Although

cells with fewer than 75,000 children are subject to wide sampling variation, they are included in

the table to permit various types of aggregations. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Preprimary

Enrollment, 1965, 1970, and 1975. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current

Population Survey (CPS), October, 1980 through 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.) 

m Enrollment Status and Child Care Arrange Table 52. Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by level of program, control of program, and attendance status: 

Selected years, 1965 through 2009

[Numbers in thousands] 

Year and age

Total population,

3 to 5 years old

Enrollment by level and control Enrollment by attendance

Total Percent enrolled

Nursery school Kindergarten

Public Private Public Private Full-day Part-day Percent full-day

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Total, 3 to 5 

years old

1965..................... 12,549 (144.5) 3,407 (87.1) 27.1 (0.69) 127 (19.6) 393 (34.1) 2,291 (75.6) 596 (41.6) — (†) — (†) — (†)

1970..................... 10,949 (109.4) 4,104 (71.5) 37.5 (0.65) 332 (25.3) 762 (37.6) 2,498 (62.0) 511 (31.1) 698 (36.1) 3,405 (68.3) 17.0 (0.83)

1975..................... 10,185 (105.8) 4,955 (71.2) 48.7 (0.70) 570 (32.7) 1,174 (45.5) 2,682 (62.7) 528 (31.6) 1,295 (47.4) 3,659 (68.3) 26.1 (0.88)

1980..................... 9,284 (102.6) 4,878 (68.8) 52.5 (0.74) 628 (34.6) 1,353 (48.6) 2,438 (60.6) 459 (29.9) 1,551 (51.4) 3,327 (66.1) 31.8 (0.95)

1985..................... 10,733 (115.6) 5,865 (77.6) 54.6 (0.72) 846 (42.0) 1,631 (56.0) 2,847 (68.8) 541 (34.1) 2,144 (62.3) 3,722 (74.2) 36.6 (0.95)

1990..................... 11,207 (124.2) 6,659 (82.3) 59.4 (0.73) 1,199 (51.8) 2,180 (66.4) 2,772 (72.3) 509 (34.9) 2,577 (70.6) 4,082 (80.7) 38.7 (0.95)

19951 ................... 12,518 (131.5) 7,739 (86.6) 61.8 (0.69) 1,950 (64.6) 2,381 (69.9) 2,800 (74.2) 608 (38.3) 3,689 (81.2) 4,051 (83.4) 47.7 (0.90)

20001 ................... 11,858 (133.0) 7,592 (86.3) 64.0 (0.70) 2,146 (69.2) 2,180 (69.7) 2,701 (75.4) 565 (38.3) 4,008 (85.1) 3,584 (82.6) 52.8 (0.95)

20051 ................... 12,134 (144.6) 7,801 (82.7) 64.3 (0.68) 2,409 (68.8) 2,120 (65.5) 2,804 (72.7) 468 (33.2) 4,548 (83.5) 3,253 (76.4) 58.3 (0.87)

20061 ................... 12,186 (144.9) 8,010 (82.1) 65.7 (0.67) 2,481 (69.6) 2,156 (66.0) 2,960 (74.1) 413 (31.3) 4,723 (84.2) 3,286 (76.7) 59.0 (0.86)

20071 ................... 12,326 (145.7) 8,056 (82.7) 65.4 (0.67) 2,532 (70.2) 2,037 (64.6) 3,088 (75.3) 400 (30.8) 4,578 (84.0) 3,478 (78.3) 56.8 (0.86)

20081 ................... 12,583 (147.1) 7,928 (84.8) 63.0 (0.67) 2,609 (71.2) 1,961 (63.7) 2,982 (74.7) 376 (29.9) 4,615 (84.7) 3,313 (77.4) 58.2 (0.87)

20091 ................... 12,718 (147.8) 8,076 (85.0) 63.5 (0.67) 2,703 (72.3) 1,945 (63.6) 3,144 (76.2) 284 (26.1) 4,916 (86.0) 3,160 (76.3) 60.9 (0.85)

3 years old

1965..................... 4,149 (84.9) 203 (24.3) 4.9 (0.59) 41 (11.1) 153 (21.2) 5 (3.9) 4 (3.5) — (†) — (†) — (†)

1970..................... 3,516 (63.2) 454 (28.1) 12.9 (0.80) 110 (14.6) 322 (24.1) 12 (4.9) 10 (4.5) 142 (16.5) 312 (23.8) 31.3 (3.07)

1975..................... 3,177 (60.2) 683 (32.7) 21.5 (1.03) 179 (18.3) 474 (28.3) 11 (4.7) 18 (6.0) 259 (21.8) 423 (27.0) 37.9 (2.62)

1980..................... 3,143 (60.7) 857 (35.7) 27.3 (1.14) 221 (20.5) 604 (31.6) 16 (5.7) 17 (5.9) 321 (24.3) 536 (30.2) 37.5 (2.36)

1985..................... 3,594 (68.2) 1,035 (40.8) 28.8 (1.14) 278 (24.1) 679 (35.3) 52 (10.8) 26 (7.6) 350 (26.7) 685 (35.4) 33.8 (2.21)

1990..................... 3,692 (72.7) 1,205 (45.1) 32.6 (1.22) 347 (28.1) 840 (40.3) 11 (5.4) 7 (4.2) 447 (31.4) 758 (38.9) 37.1 (2.20)

19951 ................... 4,148 (77.4) 1,489 (49.2) 35.9 (1.19) 511 (33.7) 947 (43.0) 15 (6.1) 17 (6.5) 754 (39.6) 736 (39.2) 50.6 (2.06)

20001 ................... 3,929 (78.2) 1,541 (50.5) 39.2 (1.29) 644 (38.3) 854 (42.7) 27 (8.5) 16 (6.7) 761 (40.9) 779 (41.3) 49.4 (2.10)

20051 ................... 4,151 (86.3) 1,715 (49.7) 41.3 (1.20) 777 (39.4) 869 (41.1) 54 (11.4) 15 (6.0) 901 (41.6) 814 (40.1) 52.5 (1.89)

20061 ................... 4,043 (85.2) 1,716 (49.2) 42.4 (1.22) 733 (38.4) 912 (41.6) 54 (11.5) 17 (6.4) 884 (41.2) 833 (40.3) 51.5 (1.89)

20071 ................... 4,142 (86.2) 1,717 (49.7) 41.5 (1.20) 766 (39.1) 832 (40.4) 106 (15.9) 13 (5.7) 883 (41.3) 834 (40.4) 51.4 (1.89)

20081 ................... 4,204 (86.9) 1,655 (49.6) 39.4 (1.18) 755 (39.0) 802 (39.9) 90 (14.7) 7 (4.1) 852 (40.8) 803 (39.9) 51.5 (1.92)

20091 ................... 4,361 (88.4) 1,776 (50.8) 40.7 (1.17) 837 (40.7) 861 (41.2) 61 (12.2) 17 (6.5) 1,024 (43.8) 752 (39.1) 57.7 (1.84)

4 years old

1965..................... 4,238 (85.8) 683 (41.8) 16.1 (0.99) 68 (14.3) 213 (24.9) 284 (28.4) 118 (18.7) — (†) — (†) — (†)

1970..................... 3,620 (64.1) 1,007 (38.0) 27.8 (1.05) 176 (18.3) 395 (26.5) 318 (24.0) 117 (15.0) 230 (20.7) 776 (34.8) 22.8 (1.87)

1975..................... 3,499 (63.1) 1,418 (41.0) 40.5 (1.17) 332 (24.5) 644 (32.3) 313 (23.8) 129 (15.7) 411 (26.9) 1,008 (37.8) 29.0 (1.70)

1980..................... 3,072 (60.0) 1,423 (39.5) 46.3 (1.29) 363 (25.6) 701 (33.3) 239 (21.2) 120 (15.4) 467 (28.5) 956 (36.7) 32.8 (1.78)

1985..................... 3,598 (68.2) 1,766 (45.1) 49.1 (1.25) 496 (31.1) 859 (38.5) 276 (24.0) 135 (17.1) 643 (34.6) 1,123 (41.8) 36.4 (1.72)

1990..................... 3,723 (73.0) 2,087 (48.0) 56.1 (1.29) 695 (37.7) 1,144 (44.6) 157 (19.4) 91 (14.9) 716 (38.1) 1,371 (46.6) 34.3 (1.65)

19951 ................... 4,145 (77.4) 2,553 (49.9) 61.6 (1.20) 1,054 (44.6) 1,208 (46.6) 207 (22.3) 84 (14.5) 1,104 (45.3) 1,449 (48.9) 43.3 (1.56)

20001 ................... 3,940 (78.3) 2,556 (49.5) 64.9 (1.26) 1,144 (47.0) 1,121 (46.8) 227 (24.2) 65 (13.2) 1,182 (47.5) 1,374 (49.4) 46.2 (1.63)

20051 ................... 4,028 (85.1) 2,668 (47.0) 66.2 (1.17) 1,295 (46.4) 1,083 (44.1) 215 (22.3) 75 (13.5) 1,332 (46.8) 1,336 (46.8) 49.9 (1.52)

20061 ................... 4,095 (85.8) 2,817 (46.4) 68.8 (1.13) 1,401 (47.5) 1,067 (44.0) 306 (26.4) 43 (10.3) 1,418 (47.7) 1,399 (47.5) 50.3 (1.48)

20071 ................... 4,092 (85.7) 2,774 (46.8) 67.8 (1.14) 1,417 (47.7) 993 (42.9) 295 (25.9) 69 (12.9) 1,297 (46.6) 1,476 (48.1) 46.8 (1.48)

20081 ................... 4,241 (87.2) 2,804 (48.3) 66.1 (1.14) 1,525 (48.9) 995 (43.2) 234 (23.3) 49 (10.9) 1,332 (47.3) 1,472 (48.6) 47.5 (1.48)

20091 ................... 4,176 (86.6) 2,698 (48.4) 64.6 (1.16) 1,512 (48.6) 905 (41.7) 256 (24.3) 25 (7.8) 1,372 (47.5) 1,326 (47.1) 50.9 (1.51)

5 years old2

1965..................... 4,162 (85.1) 2,521 (55.1) 60.6 (1.32) 18 (7.4) 27 (9.1) 2,002 (56.3) 474 (35.8) — (†) — (†) — (†)

1970..................... 3,814 (65.8) 2,643 (40.2) 69.3 (1.05) 45 (9.4) 45 (9.4) 2,168 (43.2) 384 (26.2) 326 (24.4) 2,317 (42.5) 12.3 (0.90)

1975..................... 3,509 (63.2) 2,854 (32.6) 81.3 (0.93) 59 (10.7) 57 (10.6) 2,358 (39.2) 381 (26.0) 625 (32.0) 2,228 (40.2) 21.9 (1.09)

1980..................... 3,069 (60.0) 2,598 (28.6) 84.7 (0.93) 44 (9.4) 48 (9.8) 2,183 (35.9) 322 (24.3) 763 (34.2) 1,835 (38.8) 29.4 (1.28)

1985..................... 3,542 (67.7) 3,065 (30.6) 86.5 (0.86) 73 (12.7) 94 (14.4) 2,519 (40.6) 379 (27.7) 1,151 (41.9) 1,914 (44.6) 37.6 (1.32)

1990..................... 3,792 (73.7) 3,367 (30.8) 88.8 (0.81) 157 (19.4) 196 (21.6) 2,604 (45.2) 411 (30.3) 1,414 (47.2) 1,953 (48.7) 42.0 (1.35)

19951 ................... 4,224 (78.1) 3,697 (34.2) 87.5 (0.81) 385 (29.8) 226 (23.3) 2,578 (50.5) 507 (33.7) 1,830 (51.3) 1,867 (51.4) 49.5 (1.31)

20001 ................... 3,989 (78.7) 3,495 (34.3) 87.6 (0.86) 359 (29.8) 206 (23.1) 2,447 (50.8) 484 (34.1) 2,065 (52.1) 1,431 (50.0) 59.1 (1.37)

20051 ................... 3,955 (84.3) 3,418 (33.7) 86.4 (0.85) 337 (27.5) 168 (19.9) 2,535 (47.3) 378 (29.0) 2,316 (48.5) 1,102 (44.2) 67.7 (1.25)

20061 ................... 4,049 (85.3) 3,476 (34.7) 85.9 (0.86) 346 (27.9) 178 (20.4) 2,599 (47.8) 353 (28.1) 2,422 (48.9) 1,054 (43.7) 69.7 (1.22)

20071 ................... 4,091 (85.7) 3,565 (33.5) 87.1 (0.82) 349 (28.0) 212 (22.2) 2,687 (47.6) 317 (26.8) 2,397 (49.3) 1,168 (45.2) 67.2 (1.23)

20081 ................... 4,137 (86.2) 3,470 (37.1) 83.9 (0.90) 329 (27.2) 163 (19.6) 2,659 (48.3) 320 (26.9) 2,432 (49.6) 1,038 (43.7) 70.1 (1.22)

20091 ................... 4,180 (86.6) 3,601 (35.0) 86.1 (0.84) 354 (28.2) 179 (20.5) 2,827 (47.4) 242 (23.6) 2,519 (49.6) 1,082 (44.3) 70.0 (1.20)
90 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment Status and Child Care Arrangements of Young Children

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1Mean hours per week per child, among preschool children enrolled in any type of nonparental

care arrangement. For children with more than one arrangement, the hours of each weekly

arrangement were summed to calculate the total amount of time in child care per week.

2Children who spend equal hours per week in multiple nonparental care arrangements.

3Excludes children living apart from their parents.

4Excludes children living in households with no mother or female guardian present.

5Poverty status was determined by household income and number of persons in household.

NOTE: A child’s “primary arrangement” was defined as the regular nonparental care arrangement or early childhood education program in which the child spent the most time per week.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of

rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program

(ECPP-NHES:2005). (This table was prepared October 2006.)

Table 53. Number of children under 6 years old and not yet enrolled in kindergarten, percentage in center-based programs, average weekly 

hours in nonparental care, and percentage in various types of primary care arrangements, by selected child and family characteristics: 

2005

Selected child and family 

characteristic

Number

of children,

ages 0 to 5

(in thousands)

Percent in

center-based

programs

Average hours

per week in

nonparental

care1

Percentage distribution, by type of primary care arrangement

Parental

care only

Nonparental care

Center-based care Nonrelative care

Relative

Multiple

arrangements2 Head Start

Other

center-based

Family

child care (in

another home)

Sitter (in

child’s home)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

Total preschool children.. 20,665 (9.0) 36.1 (0.60) 29.3 (0.37) 39.8 (0.76) 5.1 (0.40) 27.3 (0.49) 8.3 (0.39) 2.3 (0.24) 15.4 (0.66) 1.7 (0.18)

Age

Under 1 year .......................... 3,519 (#) 12.0 (1.13) 30.9 (0.95) 57.7 (1.81) 1.2 (0.57) 10.0 (1.07) 9.2 (0.90) 3.2 (0.60) 17.2 (1.42) 1.5 (0.47) 1 year old ............................... 3,988 (#) 16.9 (1.34) 31.2 (0.81) 48.5 (1.89) 0.7 (0.25) 15.0 (1.32) 11.1 (1.09) 3.4 (0.57) 19.1 (1.52) 2.2 (0.50)

2 years old ............................. 4,093 (#) 28.7 (1.84) 29.6 (0.75) 44.9 (1.97) 3.5 (0.98) 22.7 (1.66) 10.7 (1.13) 2.4 (0.49) 14.3 (1.17) 1.5 (0.38)

3 years old ............................. 4,070 (93.0) 42.5 (1.67) 28.9 (0.64) 34.0 (1.46) 5.3 (0.75) 33.2 (1.64) 7.6 (0.91) 1.7 (0.38) 16.7 (1.35) 1.5 (0.36)

4 years old ............................. 3,873 (92.0) 69.2 (1.36) 27.9 (0.67) 20.9 (1.44) 13.2 (1.12) 48.2 (1.29) 4.0 (0.73) 1.2 (0.50) 10.4 (1.29) 2.2 (0.44)

5 years old ............................. 1,123 (67.3) 68.7 (3.51) 26.9 (1.28) 21.1 (3.17) 10.4 (2.22) 48.4 (3.33) 4.6 (1.44) 0.8 (0.44) 13.6 (2.91) 1.1 (0.79)

Race/ethnicity

White...................................... 11,488 (99.2) 37.8 (0.87) 27.1 (0.48) 37.7 (0.97) 2.8 (0.35) 30.4 (0.82) 10.1 (0.59) 3.1 (0.35) 14.1 (0.82) 1.8 (0.26) Black ...................................... 2,962 (5.2) 43.8 (2.44) 35.9 (0.85) 30.8 (2.67) 13.3 (2.10) 28.8 (2.32) 6.6 (1.05) 1.0 (0.54) 17.8 (2.76) 1.7 (0.57)

Hispanic ................................. 4,283 (4.1) 25.2 (1.28) 28.8 (0.76) 50.9 (1.43) 6.2 (0.76) 16.8 (1.01) 6.4 (0.80) 1.5 (0.32) 16.7 (0.96) 1.4 (0.35) Other...................................... 1,933 (100.2) 37.9 (2.72) 31.8 (0.91) 41.5 (2.80) 3.8 (0.94) 29.6 (2.43) 4.8 (0.76) 1.3 (0.35) 17.1 (2.03) 1.9 (0.68)

Number of parents in the 

household3

Two parents............................ 16,275 (114.0) 34.4 (0.70) 27.0 (0.42) 43.3 (0.90) 3.4 (0.33) 27.7 (0.58) 8.6 (0.44) 2.4 (0.24) 12.9 (0.66) 1.7 (0.20) One parent............................. 4,055 (112.6) 42.2 (1.94) 35.1 (0.77) 26.1 (1.68) 11.1 (1.42) 26.3 (1.61) 7.8 (1.06) 1.6 (0.54) 25.3 (2.28) 1.8 (0.41)

Mother in household

Yes ......................................... 19,982 (65.8) 35.7 (0.59) 28.9 (0.38) 40.1 (0.78) 4.9 (0.42) 27.3 (0.47) 8.5 (0.40) 2.3 (0.23) 15.2 (0.67) 1.7 (0.18)

No .......................................... 683 (63.8) 45.2 (4.17) 38.5 (1.87) 30.9 (3.95) 9.9 (2.44) 27.4 (3.62) 3.5 (1.26) 2.9 (1.76) 22.5 (3.75) 3.0 (1.38)

Mother's employment status4

Currently employed................ 11,328 (197.3) 43.8 (0.81) 32.3 (0.40) 20.9 (0.97) 5.4 (0.64) 33.1 (0.81) 13.7 (0.68) 3.0 (0.32) 21.4 (0.92) 2.4 (0.29) 35 or more hours/week ...... 7,038 (185.0) 47.5 (1.15) 37.1 (0.42) 14.9 (1.06) 5.7 (0.72) 36.3 (1.14) 16.6 (0.89) 2.4 (0.32) 22.0 (1.28) 2.1 (0.35) Less than 35 hours/week ... 4,290 (156.5) 37.7 (1.52) 22.7 (0.64) 30.8 (2.00) 5.1 (0.99) 27.9 (1.43) 8.9 (0.99) 3.9 (0.64) 20.5 (1.38) 2.9 (0.49)

Looking for work..................... 1,416 (118.3) 22.6 (2.91) 26.0 (1.46) 55.0 (4.48) 4.9 (1.11) 17.1 (2.66) 3.7 (1.03) 1.8 (1.29) 16.7 (5.17) 0.9 (0.65) Not in labor force.................... 7,238 (173.7) 25.7 (1.03) 16.7 (0.69) 67.3 (1.13) 4.2 (0.50) 20.2 (0.91) 1.3 (0.26) 1.2 (0.22) 5.2 (0.61) 0.7 (0.19)

Mother's highest education4

Less than high school ............ 1,961 (99.4) 18.1 (1.58) 26.0 (1.58) 64.8 (2.31) 9.9 (1.33) 8.0 (1.03) 4.0 (0.89) # (†) 12.2 (1.70) 1.0 (0.45) High school/GED ................... 5,590 (182.6) 30.3 (1.49) 29.2 (0.73) 45.4 (1.77) 8.0 (0.96) 20.0 (1.25) 6.3 (0.73) 1.2 (0.42) 17.3 (1.32) 1.8 (0.39) Vocational/technical or some 

college ............................. 4,122 (145.7) 34.3 (1.80) 30.1 (1.02) 39.8 (2.17) 4.5 (0.68) 26.3 (1.59) 7.9 (0.94) 1.3 (0.42) 18.5 (1.76) 1.8 (0.47)

Associate's degree................. 1,466 (78.9) 37.1 (2.76) 28.2 (1.04) 31.6 (2.90) 3.5 (1.22) 29.9 (2.48) 15.5 (1.96) 1.4 (0.56) 16.6 (2.27) 1.5 (0.62)

Bachelor's degree .................. 4,593 (123.1) 45.2 (1.55) 27.9 (0.63) 33.2 (1.33) 1.9 (0.57) 38.2 (1.39) 9.9 (0.86) 3.6 (0.58) 11.5 (1.01) 1.8 (0.37) Graduate/professional degree 2,250 (121.2) 47.1 (1.80) 30.0 (0.75) 25.7 (1.89) 1.2 (0.41) 40.3 (1.75) 11.6 (1.62) 6.5 (0.99) 13.0 (1.69) 1.7 (0.47)

Mother's home language4

English ................................... 16,778 (117.0) 38.1 (0.63) 29.1 (0.41) 36.7 (0.86) 4.5 (0.49) 29.5 (0.53) 9.1 (0.44) 2.5 (0.26) 15.9 (0.77) 1.8 (0.21)

Non-English ........................... 3,205 (103.3) 23.5 (1.61) 26.9 (0.97) 57.9 (1.76) 7.1 (1.02) 15.9 (1.25) 5.5 (0.82) 1.0 (0.26) 11.5 (0.99) 1.0 (0.31)

Mother's age at first birth4

Less than 18 .......................... 1,744 (117.6) 27.7 (2.84) 32.8 (1.40) 50.3 (3.11) 10.4 (1.81) 15.4 (2.31) 4.8 (1.03) 2.0 (1.27) 15.9 (1.91) 1.1 (0.53)

18 or 19.................................. 2,529 (135.1) 28.4 (2.14) 30.6 (1.13) 46.6 (2.81) 7.6 (1.23) 17.6 (1.90) 7.1 (1.33) 0.9 (0.34) 19.4 (2.80) 0.8 (0.34)

20 or older.............................. 15,709 (140.0) 37.8 (0.68) 28.3 (0.43) 37.9 (0.74) 3.9 (0.43) 30.2 (0.65) 9.1 (0.46) 2.5 (0.24) 14.4 (0.70) 1.9 (0.21)

Household income

$15,000 or less ...................... 3,142 (79.3) 29.7 (2.19) 31.4 (1.11) 48.2 (2.35) 11.0 (1.61) 16.6 (1.80) 4.7 (0.90) 1.7 (0.67) 16.9 (2.31) 0.9 (0.35) $15,001 to $25,000................ 2,770 (79.2) 29.0 (2.53) 31.0 (1.16) 48.9 (2.44) 8.5 (1.02) 19.2 (2.18) 4.5 (0.70) 1.5 (0.63) 15.9 (1.68) 1.5 (0.57) $25,001 to $35,000................ 2,313 (94.5) 30.8 (2.06) 28.7 (1.01) 44.2 (2.22) 9.0 (1.52) 19.1 (1.89) 6.7 (1.39) 0.7 (0.31) 18.4 (1.99) 1.9 (0.52) $35,001 to $50,000................ 2,943 (111.8) 28.3 (1.83) 29.5 (1.03) 48.5 (2.41) 4.2 (0.91) 21.2 (1.60) 6.7 (0.97) 0.8 (0.29) 16.7 (1.51) 2.0 (0.58) More than $50,000................. 9,498 (112.8) 43.9 (0.95) 28.4 (0.42) 30.6 (1.03) 1.5 (0.27) 37.1 (0.88) 11.5 (0.71) 3.6 (0.38) 13.7 (0.84) 1.9 (0.26)

Poverty status5

Above poverty threshold ........ 15,900 (60.9) 38.4 (0.77) 29.0 (0.37) 36.6 (0.87) 3.5 (0.36) 30.6 (0.65) 9.6 (0.51) 2.5 (0.24) 15.3 (0.72) 1.9 (0.22) At or below poverty threshold 4,766 (60.7) 28.3 (1.80) 30.2 (0.96) 50.5 (1.93) 10.4 (1.15) 16.4 (1.51) 3.9 (0.63) 1.7 (0.54) 15.9 (1.75) 1.1 (0.29)

Household size

2 or 3 persons........................ 5,469 (137.6) 38.2 (1.48) 32.5 (0.57) 30.6 (1.27) 5.9 (0.90) 28.9 (1.36) 11.6 (0.94) 2.2 (0.39) 18.5 (1.07) 2.2 (0.41)

4 persons ............................... 7,723 (172.4) 39.5 (1.17) 28.4 (0.56) 38.1 (1.26) 4.2 (0.56) 31.9 (0.95) 8.7 (0.65) 2.3 (0.35) 13.3 (1.14) 1.7 (0.33)

5 persons ............................... 4,279 (165.9) 34.0 (1.85) 26.8 (0.85) 44.3 (2.14) 5.6 (0.84) 24.2 (1.65) 7.2 (1.01) 3.1 (0.69) 14.4 (1.28) 1.2 (0.31)

6 or more persons.................. 3,194 (138.4) 26.8 (1.90) 27.6 (0.95) 53.7 (2.36) 5.4 (0.90) 17.7 (1.70) 3.3 (0.62) 1.4 (0.35) 16.7 (2.53) 1.8 (0.41)

Urbanicity

Rural ...................................... 4,328 (5.4) 32.5 (1.93) 29.7 (0.91) 37.5 (2.00) 5.8 (0.82) 22.5 (1.78) 10.6 (1.04) 1.4 (0.58) 20.0 (1.68) 2.2 (0.48) Urban ..................................... 16,337 (7.5) 37.0 (0.58) 29.1 (0.37) 40.4 (0.88) 4.9 (0.43) 28.6 (0.54) 7.7 (0.44) 2.5 (0.27) 14.2 (0.70) 1.6 (0.18)
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 91

Enrollment Status and Child Care Arrangements of Young Children

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Center-based programs include day care centers, nursery schools, prekindergartens, preschools, and Head Start programs.

NOTE: Row percents for nonparental and parental care do not add to 100 percent because

some children participated in more than one type of nonparental care arrangement. Race

categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of

rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early

Childhood Education Survey, Parent Survey, and Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (ECE-NHES:1991; ParentNHES:1999; and ECPP-NHES:1995, 2001, and 2005). (This table was prepared July 2006.)

Table 54. Child care arrangements of 3- to 5-year-old children who are not yet in kindergarten, by age and race/ethnicity: Various years, 1991 

through 2005

Child care arrangement Total

Age Race/ethnicity

3 years old 4 years old 5 years old White Black Hispanic Other

1 2345678 9

1991 children

In thousands............................. 8,402 (40.9) 3,733 (7.1) 3,627 (14.6) 1,042 (38.6) 5,850 (59.9) 1,236 (41.0) 999 (31.3) 317 (34.6)

Percent...................................... 100.0 (†) 44.4 (0.21) 43.2 (0.24) 12.4 (0.40) 69.6 (0.67) 14.7 (0.47) 11.9 (0.37) 3.8 (0.41)

Percent in nonparental arrangements

Relative care.................................. 16.9 (0.60) 16.2 (0.72) 18.0 (0.85) 15.6 (1.34) 14.8 (0.66) 24.1 (2.09) 19.6 (2.08) 19.4 (3.87)

Nonrelative care............................. 14.8 (0.56) 14.8 (0.76) 14.7 (0.79) 14.9 (1.81) 17.3 (0.76) 7.9 (1.20) 9.4 (1.27) 12.1 (2.45)

Center-based programs1................ 52.8 (0.89) 42.3 (1.44) 60.4 (1.04) 63.9 (2.12) 54.0 (0.95) 58.3 (2.49) 38.8 (2.20) 52.9 (3.45)

Percent with parental care only ......... 31.0 (0.80) 37.8 (1.19) 26.0 (1.05) 24.3 (2.10) 30.6 (0.87) 24.8 (2.02) 40.7 (2.35) 32.8 (4.03)

1995 children

In thousands............................. 9,222 (52.9) 4,123 (8.3) 4,061 (12.5) 1,038 (48.3) 6,334 (94.0) 1,389 (56.1) 1,042 (38.8) 457 (39.1)

Percent...................................... 100.0 (†) 44.7 (0.25) 44.0 (0.24) 11.3 (0.46) 68.7 (0.94) 15.1 (0.60) 11.3 (0.42) 5.0 (0.42)

Percent in nonparental arrangements

Relative care.................................. 19.4 (0.64) 21.4 (1.23) 18.4 (0.95) 15.2 (2.14) 16.5 (0.84) 28.7 (2.78) 22.8 (2.01) 22.6 (3.75)

Nonrelative care............................. 16.9 (0.84) 18.5 (1.35) 15.3 (1.03) 17.2 (2.19) 19.4 (1.04) 11.3 (1.65) 12.5 (1.64) 10.5 (2.74)

Center-based programs1................ 55.1 (0.97) 40.7 (1.55) 64.8 (1.45) 74.5 (2.35) 56.9 (1.44) 59.8 (3.19) 37.4 (2.15) 56.7 (5.47)

Percent with parental care only ......... 25.9 (1.01) 32.0 (1.95) 22.1 (1.24) 16.2 (1.78) 25.2 (1.39) 19.9 (2.50) 38.4 (2.33) 24.2 (3.59)

1999 children

In thousands............................. 8,518 (139.7) 3,809 (79.1) 3,703 (79.9) 1,006 (54.2) 5,384 (77.4) 1,214 (59.2) 1,376 (52.3) 545 (38.3)

Percent...................................... 100.0 (†) 44.7 (0.93) 43.5 (0.93) 11.8 (0.64) 63.2 (0.91) 14.2 (0.69) 16.2 (0.61) 6.4 (0.45)

Percent in nonparental arrangements

Relative care.................................. 22.8 (0.77) 24.3 (1.28) 22.0 (1.14) 20.2 (2.06) 18.7 (0.90) 33.4 (2.58) 26.5 (1.86) 30.0 (3.97)

Nonrelative care............................. 16.1 (0.67) 16.3 (1.02) 15.9 (1.07) 16.1 (2.08) 19.4 (0.88) 7.4 (1.37) 12.7 (1.29) 10.4 (1.98)

Center-based programs1................ 59.7 (0.63) 45.7 (1.28) 69.6 (1.19) 76.5 (2.40) 60.0 (0.81) 73.2 (2.40) 44.2 (2.19) 66.0 (4.10)

Percent with parental care only ......... 23.1 (0.72) 30.8 (1.42) 17.7 (0.99) 13.5 (1.78) 23.2 (0.91) 13.7 (1.97) 33.4 (2.04) 16.6 (3.50)

2001 children

In thousands............................. 8,551 (11.0) 3,795 (91.4) 3,861 (89.0) 896 (47.0) 5,313 (68.0) 1,251 (55.1) 1,506 (43.5) 482 (38.3)

Percent...................................... 100.0 (†) 44.4 (1.06) 45.1 (1.04) 10.5 (0.55) 62.1 (0.79) 14.6 (0.64) 17.6 (0.51) 5.6 (0.45)

Percent in nonparental arrangements

Relative care.................................. 22.8 (0.89) 23.6 (1.39) 22.5 (1.33) 20.9 (2.66) 19.6 (1.01) 36.7 (3.42) 22.8 (1.89) 22.8 (3.54)

Nonrelative care............................. 14.0 (0.65) 14.7 (1.17) 13.6 (0.95) 13.1 (2.13) 16.5 (0.98) 8.5 (1.65) 11.3 (1.43) 10.8 (2.72)

Center-based programs1................ 56.4 (0.55) 42.8 (1.21) 65.9 (1.25) 73.0 (2.69) 59.1 (0.89) 63.1 (2.93) 39.9 (1.86) 61.8 (4.10)

Percent with parental care only ......... 26.1 (0.67) 33.8 (1.29) 20.4 (1.11) 18.0 (2.49) 25.3 (0.99) 15.1 (2.22) 39.0 (2.03) 23.7 (3.90)

2005 children

In thousands............................. 9,066 (9.0) 4,070 (93.0) 3,873 (92.0) 1,123 (67.3) 5,177 (80.2) 1,233 (57.1) 1,822 (50.0) 834 (54.3)

Percent...................................... 100.0 (†) 44.9 (1.03) 42.7 (1.01) 12.4 (0.74) 57.1 (0.89) 13.6 (0.63) 20.1 (0.56) 9.2 (0.60)

Percent in nonparental arrangements

Relative care.................................. 22.6 (1.02) 24.0 (1.44) 20.8 (1.56) 23.8 (3.17) 21.4 (1.34) 25.0 (3.42) 22.6 (1.79) 26.4 (3.29)

Nonrelative care............................. 11.6 (0.73) 14.4 (1.12) 9.2 (1.03) 9.9 (2.00) 15.0 (1.13) 5.2 (1.31) 8.1 (1.36) 8.1 (1.94)

Center-based programs1................ 57.2 (0.83) 42.5 (1.67) 69.2 (1.36) 68.7 (3.51) 59.1 (1.32) 66.5 (3.41) 43.4 (2.10) 61.5 (3.31)

Percent with parental care only ......... 26.3 (0.92) 33.4 (1.48) 20.6 (1.42) 20.4 (3.15) 24.1 (1.22) 19.5 (2.85) 38.0 (2.10) 24.7 (3.11)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Distribution of weighted Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort survey population with data on primary care arrangements. 2Primary type of care arrangement is the type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours.3Care provided in the child’s home or in another private home by a relative (excluding parents).4Care provided in the child’s home or in another private home by a person unrelated to the child.5Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and preschools.6Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements.7Distribution of weighted Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort survey population between 44 and 65 months of age with

data on primary care arrangements.

8Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2002 (for 2-year-olds in which identify a dollar amount determined to meet a household’s needs, given its sconsidered to live below the poverty threshold if its income was less than or equal t9Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score on parental eduNOTE: Data are based on a representative sample of children born in 2001. EstimaW2R0. Estimates for children at about 4 years of age weighted by W3R0. Race Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and suppression of cells that do from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics9-month–Kindergarten Restricted-Use Data File and Electronic Codebook. (This ta

Table 55. Percentage distribution of children at about 2 and 4 years of age, by type of child care arrangement and selected child and family characteristics: 2003Selected characteristic

Children at about 2 years of age in 2003–04 Children at about 4 years of age in 2

Percentage

distribution

of children1

Percentage distribution by primary type of care arrangement2

Percentage

distribution

of children7

Percentage distribution by primary ty

No regular

nonparental

arrangement

Home-based care

Center-based

care5

Multiple

arrangements6

No regular

nonparental

arrangement

Home-based care 

Relative care3

Nonrelative

care4 Relative care3

Nonrelative

care4 Tota

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Total...................................................... 100.0 (†) 50.5 (0.74) 18.5 (0.62) 14.6 (0.51) 15.8 (0.50) 0.5 (0.10) 100.0 (†) 20.0 (0.65) 13.1 (0.61) 7.6 (0.32) 57.4 (0.81

Sex of child

Male .......................................................... 51.2 (0.08) 50.0 (0.96) 19.1 (0.79) 14.3 (0.61) 16.3 (0.65) 0.3 (0.07) 51.2 (0.11) 19.3 (0.80) 13.1 (0.79) 7.5 (0.51) 58.0 (0.98Female...................................................... 48.8 (0.08) 51.1 (1.01) 18.0 (0.78) 14.9 (0.71) 15.2 (0.63) 0.8 (0.19) 48.8 (0.11) 20.7 (0.90) 13.2 (0.86) 7.7 (0.52) 56.8 (1.02

Race/ethnicity of child

White......................................................... 53.6 (0.54) 50.8 (1.08) 14.9 (0.88) 17.0 (0.74) 16.9 (0.74) 0.5 (0.13) 53.8 (0.59) 17.9 (0.98) 11.0 (0.74) 9.2 (0.49) 60.0 (1.04Black ......................................................... 13.7 (0.24) 37.3 (1.39) 25.8 (1.51) 12.0 (1.30) 24.2 (1.15) 0.8 (0.24) 13.8 (0.26) 16.3 (1.38) 13.9 (1.49) 4.4 (0.73) 62.1 (2.08Hispanic .................................................... 25.3 (0.37) 57.5 (1.39) 21.4 (1.14) 11.5 (0.94) 9.2 (0.94) 0.4 (0.20) 25.1 (0.42) 27.3 (1.36) 15.9 (1.14) 6.2 (0.78) 49.3 (1.57

Asian......................................................... 2.7 (0.09) 55.3 (2.17) 23.8 (1.44) 10.8 (1.05) 9.6 (1.39) 0.5 (0.25) 2.6 (0.09) 17.1 (1.71) 16.1 (1.44) 3.6 (0.70) 60.9 (2.02Pacific Islander.......................................... 0.2 (0.04) 73.2 (9.89) 23.8 (9.95) 3.1 (2.54) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 0.2 (0.05) 22.3 (6.82) 45.0 (14.27) ‡ (†) 19.9 (7.94

American Indian/Alaska Native................. 0.5 (0.06) 57.3 (3.16) 17.4 (3.10) 11.6 (3.85) 13.8 (2.72) ‡ (†) 0.5 (0.05) 19.9 (2.40) 14.0 (2.06) 5.2 (1.45) 59.7 (3.57Two or more races .................................... 4.0 (0.28) 46.3 (2.87) 20.0 (1.71) 13.2 (2.23) 19.3 (2.18) 1.1 (0.60) 4.0 (0.28) 17.9 (2.14) 17.6 (2.43) 9.1 (2.16) 53.6 (3.47

Age of child

22 or fewer months ................................... 1.9 (0.29) 58.6 (4.73) 21.0 (4.62) 11.0 (3.41) 9.4 (2.77) ‡ (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) (†) 23 months ................................................. 38.3 (1.22) 54.1 (1.16) 17.0 (0.93) 13.6 (0.91) 14.5 (0.85) 0.7 (0.16) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) (†) 24 months ................................................. 38.0 (0.89) 49.1 (1.02) 18.5 (0.95) 15.6 (0.80) 16.6 (0.87) 0.2 (0.10) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) (†) 25 months ................................................. 12.4 (0.46) 44.9 (1.91) 23.1 (1.44) 14.7 (1.41) 16.8 (1.44) 0.5 (0.31) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) (†) 26 or more months.................................... 9.4 (0.60) 47.7 (2.37) 18.6 (1.82) 14.8 (1.39) 17.9 (1.60) 1.1 (0.54) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) (†) Less than 48 months ................................ † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 16.4 (0.57) 27.3 (1.63) 13.9 (1.48) 8.7 (0.95) 47.9 (1.77

48 to 52 months ........................................ † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 38.1 (0.55) 19.9 (1.01) 13.0 (0.87) 8.3 (0.60) 56.8 (1.2953 to 57 months ........................................ † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 36.5 (0.57) 16.5 (0.93) 13.1 (0.83) 6.7 (0.52) 62.2 (1.3358 or more months.................................... † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 9.0 (0.41) 21.1 (1.98) 12.1 (1.66) 6.4 (1.09) 57.8 (2.80

Mother’s employment status

Full-time (35 hours or more) ..................... 34.7 (0.73) 15.7 (0.89) 30.4 (1.10) 26.0 (0.86) 27.1 (0.96) 0.8 (0.21) 34.7 (0.77) 11.3 (0.96) 16.2 (0.91) 12.1 (0.77) 58.7 (1.56

Part-time (less than 35 hours) .................. 20.2 (0.62) 35.4 (1.53) 26.4 (1.53) 20.5 (1.37) 16.7 (1.23) 1.0 (0.34) 20.3 (0.63) 16.4 (1.33) 14.1 (1.20) 9.1 (0.86) 57.3 (1.70

Looking for work........................................ 6.3 (0.35) 71.1 (2.30) 11.5 (1.58) 3.8 (0.95) 13.4 (2.02) 0.1 (0.14) 6.3 (0.36) 22.3 (2.33) 18.5 (2.33) 5.4 (1.23) 52.4 (2.83

Not in labor force....................................... 38.4 (0.78) 86.8 (0.75) 4.8 (0.48) 3.0 (0.35) 5.4 (0.46) ‡ (†) 38.3 (0.81) 29.4 (0.97) 8.6 (0.63) 3.3 (0.38) 57.1 (0.96

No mother in household............................ 0.4 (0.09) 21.2 (7.28) 33.5 (8.60) 19.5 (9.29) 25.9 (8.01) ‡ (†) 0.4 (0.10) 11.0 (6.13) 36.2 (9.59) 0.3 (0.30) 52.5 (9.42

Parents’ highest level of education

Less than high school ............................... 12.8 (0.36) 67.6 (1.98) 17.5 (1.45) 6.8 (1.08) 7.7 (0.98) 0.4 (0.24) 10.5 (0.36) 34.2 (2.10) 16.4 (1.77) 3.7 (1.04) 43.5 (2.59

High school completion............................. 25.7 (0.46) 50.1 (1.47) 23.1 (1.27) 12.3 (0.97) 14.1 (0.87) 0.4 (0.15) 23.1 (0.57) 22.0 (1.24) 17.0 (1.20) 6.9 (0.69) 52.1 (1.87Some college/vocational........................... 29.7 (0.48) 46.9 (1.51) 21.6 (1.22) 15.1 (0.92) 15.7 (0.94) 0.7 (0.21) 33.4 (0.64) 21.0 (1.24) 15.2 (0.95) 7.1 (0.56) 54.9 (1.41Bachelor's degree ..................................... 16.9 (0.46) 48.6 (1.14) 14.4 (1.18) 17.8 (1.18) 18.6 (1.14) 0.7 (0.23) 16.8 (0.45) 16.0 (1.57) 8.4 (1.02) 8.2 (0.93) 65.6 (1.88Any graduate education............................ 14.9 (0.35) 46.0 (1.91) 10.5 (1.05) 20.7 (1.57) 22.4 (1.49) 0.4 (0.16) 16.2 (0.37) 9.7 (0.83) 6.2 (0.90) 11.3 (1.16) 70.8 (1.57

Poverty status8

Below poverty threshold............................ 23.9 (0.75) 61.8 (1.40) 18.0 (1.15) 7.8 (0.79) 11.7 (0.92) 0.7 (0.24) 24.8 (0.64) 27.5 (1.27) 15.1 (1.19) 4.4 (0.54) 51.0 (1.61At or above poverty threshold ................... 76.1 (0.75) 47.0 (0.90) 18.7 (0.68) 16.7 (0.62) 17.1 (0.60) 0.5 (0.11) 75.2 (0.64) 17.5 (0.71) 12.5 (0.64) 8.6 (0.39) 59.5 (0.86

Socioeconomic status9

Lowest 20 percent..................................... 20.0 (0.48) 66.7 (1.43) 17.2 (1.20) 6.8 (0.75) 8.9 (0.72) 0.4 (0.18) 20.0 (0.52) 30.5 (1.31) 14.9 (1.33) 5.0 (0.69) 47.2 (1.84Middle 60 percent ..................................... 60.0 (0.67) 46.8 (0.98) 21.8 (0.78) 15.1 (0.63) 15.8 (0.58) 0.6 (0.15) 60.0 (0.67) 19.7 (0.86) 15.1 (0.82) 7.4 (0.49) 56.0 (1.09Highest 20 percent.................................... 20.0 (0.48) 45.9 (1.75) 10.2 (0.85) 20.8 (1.52) 22.6 (1.45) 0.5 (0.21) 20.0 (0.47) 10.4 (0.93) 5.4 (0.73) 10.7 (0.91) 71.6 (1.39
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Primary type of care arrangement is the type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours.2Care provided in the child’s home or in another private home by a relative (excluding parents) or by a person unrelated to the child.3Quality rating based on the Family Day Care Rating Scale (FDCRS). Low quality = score of 1 but less than 3. Medium quality = scoreof 3 but less than 5. High quality = score of 5 to 7.4Quality rating based on the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS). Low quality = score of 1 but less than 3. Mediumquality = score of 3 but less than 5. High quality = score of 5 to 7.5Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and preschools, not classified as Head Start.6Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2002, which identify a dollar amount determined to meet a household’sneeds, given its size and composition. In 2002, a family of four was considered to live below the poverty threshold if its income wasless than or equal to $18,392.

7Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score based on parenNOTE: Estimates weighted by W33P0. Estimates pertain to children assessed befor child’s primary type of care arrangement, which was the type of nonparental carwho were primarily cared for by parents or in multiple arrangements are not includeusing both the FDCRS and ECERS scales were based on interviewer observatiochildren’s exposure to materials and activities, the extent to which and the manner nishings and displays in the classroom. The FDCRS and ECERS metrics are desigsons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors aSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, month–Kindergarten Restricted-Use Data File and Electronic Codebook. (This tabl

Table 56. Percentage distribution of quality rating of child care arrangements of children at about 4 years of age, by type of arrangement and selected child and Selected characteristic

Quality rating of primary type of child care arrangement1

Home-based relative and nonrelative care 2,3

All center-based programs

Head Start and other center-based programs4 Head Start4 C

Low Medium High Low Medium High Low Medium High 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

Total............................................... 42.6 (4.01) 47.9 (4.22) 9.5 (2.37) 9.5 (1.40) 55.9 (2.44) 34.6 (2.58) 3.2 (0.78) 56.7 (3.27) 40.1 (3.34) 11.

Sex of child

Male ...................................................... 45.5 (5.48) 44.1 (5.58) 10.4 (3.88) 6.3 (1.47) 53.5 (3.35) 40.2 (3.29) 2.2 (0.97) 56.5 (3.94) 41.2 (3.95) 7.

Female.................................................. 39.3 (5.23) 52.2 (5.83) 8.5 (2.45) 12.7 (2.32) 58.2 (3.33) 29.1 (3.24) 4.3 (1.14) 56.8 (4.83) 38.9 (4.88) 15.

Race/ethnicity of child

White..................................................... 29.9 (4.72) 55.3 (5.34) 14.9 (4.09) 9.3 (1.79) 54.7 (3.77) 36.0 (3.69) 4.0 (1.93) 47.5 (8.27) 48.5 (8.29) 10.

Black ..................................................... 52.8 (8.64) 47.2 (8.64) ‡ (†) 14.8 (3.75) 59.9 (4.55) 25.3 (3.91) 6.9 (1.60) 67.0 (4.49) 26.1 (4.70) 20.

Hispanic ................................................ 62.5 (8.53) 33.4 (8.03) 4.1 (2.31) 7.2 (2.79) 52.9 (4.25) 39.8 (4.77) ‡ (†) 56.2 (5.54) 43.4 (5.47) 11.

Asian..................................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 5.5 (3.16) 61.7 (8.22) 32.8 (8.15) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 5.Pacific Islander...................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) American Indian/Alaska Native............. ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 73.5 (7.69) 23.5 (7.02) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) Two or more races ................................ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 8.5 (4.83) 66.0 (7.63) 25.5 (6.61) ‡ (†) 59.7 (10.79) 40.3 (10.79) 11.

Age of child

Less than 48 months ............................ 31.8 (7.35) 64.3 (7.24) 3.9 (2.77) 9.8 (2.35) 57.1 (5.33) 33.1 (5.51) ‡ (†) 62.3 (8.56) 35.3 (8.44) 12.

48 to 52 months .................................... 40.3 (6.19) 47.2 (6.86) 12.5 (4.19) 12.3 (2.59) 54.9 (4.12) 32.8 (3.72) 0.9 (0.49) 55.5 (6.29) 43.6 (6.31) 16.53 to 57 months .................................... 46.6 (6.49) 42.5 (6.69) 10.9 (3.14) 7.3 (1.67) 56.5 (3.22) 36.2 (3.36) 3.8 (1.34) 57.5 (4.02) 38.7 (4.06) 8.58 or more months................................ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 7.2 (3.65) 55.1 (4.81) 37.7 (4.57) 14.9 (9.58) 46.7 (13.27) 38.4 (11.42) 5.

Mother’s employment status

Full-time (35 hours or more) ................. 36.6 (4.34) 56.6 (4.50) 6.9 (2.52) 14.9 (2.84) 55.5 (3.74) 29.6 (3.67) 4.9 (1.16) 47.7 (5.16) 47.4 (5.53) 17.

Part-time (less than 35 hours) .............. 48.9 (7.47) 35.1 (7.08) 16.0 (4.61) 5.7 (1.80) 60.9 (4.64) 33.4 (4.72) 3.2 (2.59) 59.8 (8.26) 37.0 (7.97) 6.

Looking for work.................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 14.0 (5.19) 53.4 (6.27) 32.5 (6.64) ‡ (†) 73.1 (8.42) 24.5 (8.27) 22.

Not in labor force................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 3.5 (1.31) 53.3 (4.81) 43.2 (4.98) 1.7 (1.23) 59.0 (5.59) 39.2 (5.61) 4.

No mother in household........................ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Parents’ highest level of education

Less than high school ........................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 12.6 (4.52) 59.6 (7.01) 27.8 (5.88) ‡ (†) 57.4 (7.36) 40.4 (7.28) 20.

High school completion......................... 62.0 (6.10) 32.8 (6.20) 5.3 (2.79) 6.3 (1.81) 49.2 (3.34) 44.5 (4.07) 5.4 (1.47) 51.8 (6.12) 42.9 (6.28) 6.

Some college/vocational....................... 41.7 (6.68) 50.9 (6.75) 7.4 (3.39) 15.3 (2.78) 59.0 (2.92) 25.7 (2.68) 2.6 (1.39) 62.0 (4.22) 35.3 (4.12) 21.

Bachelor's degree ................................. 29.9 (8.51) 62.1 (8.63) 8.0 (4.86) 6.7 (2.43) 59.8 (6.64) 33.4 (6.78) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 7.Any graduate education........................ 10.3 (5.73) 61.3 (8.63) 28.3 (7.99) 5.0 (2.53) 53.6 (7.44) 41.4 (7.48) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 5.

Poverty status6

Below poverty threshold........................ 68.1 (6.76) 28.3 (6.86) 3.6 (2.03) 9.0 (2.36) 59.2 (3.18) 31.8 (3.48) 2.6 (1.10) 57.8 (4.16) 39.7 (4.35) 15.

At or above poverty threshold ............... 35.8 (4.32) 53.2 (4.79) 11.1 (2.70) 9.7 (1.46) 54.8 (3.18) 35.6 (3.30) 3.8 (1.35) 55.6 (4.74) 40.5 (4.70) 10.

Socioeconomic status7

Lowest 20 percent................................. 71.2 (7.12) 26.4 (7.02) 2.4 (1.80) 6.7 (2.21) 58.6 (4.39) 34.7 (4.46) 3.5 (1.27) 53.0 (5.31) 43.6 (5.65) 9.Middle 60 percent ................................. 43.3 (5.26) 49.7 (5.50) 7.0 (2.57) 11.2 (1.83) 56.5 (2.69) 32.3 (2.68) 3.2 (1.22) 59.7 (4.07) 37.1 (4.05) 14.Highest 20 percent................................ 7.8 (4.79) 66.3 (7.41) 25.9 (6.85) 7.3 (2.54) 52.2 (6.27) 40.5 (6.19) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 7.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.1Figures exclude children for whom no grade equivalent was available.2Table includes a very small number of older children enrolled in first and second grade and excludes children for whom nograde equivalent was available.

3Excludes children living in households with no mother or female guardian preNOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StSurvey and Before- and After-School Programs and Activities Survey of the N(ECPP-NHES:1995, 2001, and 2005; and ASPA-NHES:2001 and 2005). (Thi

Table 57. Children of prekindergarten through second-grade age, by enrollment status, selected maternal characteristics, and household income: 1995, 2001, anMaternal characteristic and household income

3- to 5-year-olds, not enrolled in school

(includes homeschooled students) Enrolled in nursery school or prekindergarten Enrolled in kindergarten Enrolled in first grade 

1995 20011 20051 1995 20011 20051 1995 20011 20051 1995 20012 20051 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Total children (in 

thousands)................... 4,586 (102.3) 3,990 (3.2) 4,156 (5.0) 4,642 (105.0) 4,586 (#) 4,926 (#) 4,149 (75.6) 3,831 (#) 3,717 (#) 4,025 (76.7) 4,333 (#) 4,118 (#) 

Percentage distributionMother's highest level of 

education3.................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 

Less than high school .... 16.3 (1.27) 16.4 (1.26) 13.8 (1.24) 6.8 (0.78) 8.0 (1.26) 6.8 (0.76) 13.4 (0.93) 10.7 (1.31) 9.5 (1.16) 12.3 (0.99) 11.7 (1.28) 10.0 (1.20) 

High school/GED ........... 41.1 (1.51) 39.7 (1.59) 37.2 (2.18) 30.7 (1.27) 26.1 (1.59) 24.6 (1.34) 36.4 (1.19) 30.3 (1.86) 27.5 (1.92) 34.9 (1.53) 30.3 (2.17) 31.1 (2.13) 

Vocational/technical or 

some college............ 21.3 (1.34) 19.1 (1.30) 21.2 (1.43) 22.7 (1.01) 24.6 (1.30) 19.2 (1.32) 21.7 (1.00) 23.5 (1.84) 20.7 (1.70) 23.6 (1.29) 24.3 (1.87) 19.9 (1.94) 

Associate's degree......... 7.0 (0.79) 5.9 (0.67) 6.8 (0.82) 8.6 (0.72) 7.7 (0.67) 8.4 (0.71) 7.0 (0.68) 7.6 (1.18) 7.7 (0.96) 7.3 (0.81) 7.5 (1.01) 10.3 (1.22) Bachelor's degree .......... 11.3 (0.86) 14.0 (1.16) 14.9 (1.20) 22.0 (1.10) 22.5 (1.16) 25.5 (1.13) 15.1 (0.98) 20.8 (1.58) 21.3 (1.42) 15.7 (1.02) 19.5 (1.68) 18.0 (1.23) 

Graduate/professional 

degree...................... 3.0 (0.48) 5.0 (0.63) 6.1 (0.73) 9.1 (0.70) 11.1 (0.63) 15.6 (0.94) 6.3 (0.69) 7.1 (1.02) 13.4 (1.43) 6.3 (0.49) 6.7 (1.04) 10.6 (1.22) 

Mother's employment 

status3.......................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 

Working 35 hours/week 

or more .................... 33.4 (1.45) 36.7 (1.55) 33.5 (1.92) 38.5 (1.13) 43.7 (1.18) 39.4 (1.42) 35.9 (1.05) 38.9 (1.99) 36.9 (2.25) 38.5 (1.49) 46.1 (2.33) 40.7 (2.35) 

Working less than 35 

hours/week .............. 17.8 (1.23) 19.2 (1.30) 21.1 (1.50) 23.7 (1.08) 22.8 (1.00) 24.4 (1.36) 20.8 (1.10) 22.6 (1.57) 21.5 (1.62) 20.8 (1.10) 19.7 (1.59) 20.7 (1.42) 

Looking for work............. 6.8 (0.83) 5.7 (0.75) 8.7 (1.37) 5.8 (0.71) 3.9 (0.55) 4.0 (0.59) 5.6 (0.70) 3.9 (0.87) 7.3 (1.06) 5.0 (0.66) 4.1 (0.89) 5.7 (1.07) 

Not in labor force............ 42.0 (1.68) 38.4 (1.48) 36.8 (1.79) 32.0 (1.28) 29.6 (1.27) 32.2 (1.35) 37.7 (1.18) 34.7 (2.16) 34.3 (1.99) 35.6 (1.57) 30.1 (2.05) 32.8 (1.97) 

Household income ............ 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 

$10,000 or less .............. 22.7 (1.21) 14.1 (1.07) 10.2 (1.06) 16.1 (1.06) 8.5 (0.81) 7.5 (0.90) 19.4 (1.24) 8.5 (1.22) 8.2 (0.95) 17.4 (1.19) 9.1 (1.18) 7.8 (1.05) $10,001 to $20,000........ 15.7 (1.08) 14.5 (1.19) 12.0 (1.14) 10.4 (0.78) 12.7 (0.87) 9.7 (0.75) 12.6 (0.87) 14.1 (1.51) 11.1 (1.05) 13.2 (0.90) 14.0 (1.45) 10.4 (1.15) $20,001 to $30,000........ 19.1 (1.12) 15.0 (0.94) 16.9 (1.38) 13.1 (0.81) 11.7 (0.74) 9.9 (1.18) 15.8 (0.76) 16.6 (1.41) 13.0 (1.32) 16.6 (0.91) 16.5 (1.71) 12.3 (1.32) $30,001 to $40,000........ 16.2 (1.00) 13.6 (1.07) 15.3 (1.27) 12.4 (0.91) 9.7 (0.79) 9.9 (0.91) 15.1 (1.12) 12.2 (1.29) 11.1 (1.14) 14.1 (0.85) 10.3 (1.16) 10.7 (1.42) 

$40,001 to $50,000........ 11.0 (0.74) 12.0 (1.05) 10.3 (1.12) 11.5 (0.96) 7.5 (0.68) 7.7 (0.64) 11.7 (0.88) 9.1 (1.16) 7.8 (1.07) 11.1 (0.77) 9.7 (1.34) 9.9 (1.14) 

$50,001 to $75,000........ 10.5 (0.69) 18.8 (1.31) 20.0 (1.24) 19.3 (0.93) 21.2 (1.09) 20.8 (0.97) 14.4 (0.82) 20.9 (1.68) 18.4 (1.46) 15.6 (0.84) 18.3 (1.41) 20.4 (1.84) 

More than $75,000......... 4.7 (0.70) 12.1 (0.99) 15.4 (1.30) 17.2 (1.06) 28.7 (1.09) 34.4 (1.13) 11.1 (0.62) 18.6 (1.30) 30.4 (1.54) 12.1 (0.73) 22.1 (1.86) 28.4 (1.56) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.1The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the child’s care and education. Responding parents reported ontheir own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the household.2In 1993, there were two versions of the survey question that asked how often the child was read to. Each respondent wasasked one version of the question. Percentages represent all respondents who indicated a frequency of three or more timesin the past week in response to either version of the question.3Excludes children living in households with no mother or female guardian present.

4Poverty status was determined by household income and number of persons NOTE: Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not separately shown. Race ity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear from previously published figures.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stahood Program Participation Survey, and Parent and Family Involvement in Edcation Surveys Program (SR-NHES:1993, ECPP-NHES:2001, and PFI-NHE2009.)

Parent Involvement in Education Table 58. Number of 3- to 5-year-olds not yet enrolled in kindergarten and percentage participating in home literacy activities with a family member, by type and 

child and family characteristics: 1993, 2001, and 2007

Selected characteristic

Number of children (in thousands) Percent of children participating in activity with family member1

1993 2001 2007

Read to by family member three or 

more times in past week

At least once in past week 

Told a story by family member Taught letters, words, or numbers Did arts and cra

19932 2001 2007 1993 2001 2007 1993 2001 2007 1993 2001 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 

Total............................... 8,579 (42.0) 8,551 (11.0) 8,686 (18.1) 78 (0.7) 84 (0.8) 83 (1.1) 76 (0.9) 84 (0.8) 79 (1.1) 86 (0.5) 94 (0.6) 87 (1.1) 68 (0.9) 79 (0.9) 

Age

3 years old ............................ 3,889 (8.2) 3,795 (91.4) 3,755 (108.1) 79 (1.0) 84 (1.1) 84 (1.5) 77 (1.1) 83 (1.2) 80 (2.0) 85 (0.9) 93 (1.0) 87 (1.4) 67 (1.2) 77 (1.3) 4 years old ............................ 3,713 (15.7) 3,861 (89.0) 3,738 (123.5) 78 (1.0) 85 (1.2) 83 (1.6) 75 (1.3) 84 (1.1) 76 (2.0) 88 (0.7) 95 (0.7) 86 (1.9) 69 (1.3) 82 (1.2) 

5 years old ............................ 976 (39.4) 896 (47.0) 1,193 (78.0) 76 (2.1) 81 (2.7) 83 (3.0) 68 (2.3) 82 (2.4) 86 (2.6) 88 (1.7) 93 (1.8) 89 (2.2) 69 (2.4) 80 (2.4) 

Sex

Male ...................................... 4,453 (60.2) 4,292 (79.9) 4,364 (101.1) 77 (1.0) 82 (1.2) 81 (1.7) 75 (1.0) 82 (1.1) 77 (1.9) 86 (0.7) 94 (0.7) 86 (1.6) 66 (1.1) 76 (1.3) Female.................................. 4,126 (65.0) 4,260 (79.6) 4,322 (100.8) 79 (1.0) 86 (1.0) 86 (1.2) 76 (1.4) 85 (1.0) 81 (1.6) 87 (0.9) 94 (0.8) 88 (1.5) 71 (1.2) 83 (1.3) 

Race/ethnicity 

White..................................... 5,902 (63.6) 5,313 (68.0) 4,664 (66.3) 85 (0.7) 89 (0.8) 91 (1.3) 77 (1.1) 86 (1.0) 85 (1.4) 86 (0.7) 95 (0.7) 88 (1.3) 74 (1.0) 85 (1.0) Black ..................................... 1,271 (44.9) 1,251 (55.1) 1,311 (6.0) 66 (2.4) 77 (2.6) 78 (4.0) 72 (2.5) 81 (2.1) 61 (5.0) 89 (1.8) 94 (1.8) 81 (5.2) 56 (2.6) 70 (3.1) Hispanic ................................ 1,026 (34.1) 1,506 (43.5) 1,899 (13.6) 58 (2.4) 71 (1.9) 68 (2.4) 73 (1.9) 75 (2.0) 75 (2.2) 84 (1.6) 92 (1.1) 86 (1.6) 53 (2.4) 67 (2.2) Asian..................................... — (†) — (†) 349 (43.3) — (†) — (†) 87 (3.9) — (†) — (†) 75 (7.0) — (†) — (†) 92 (2.8) — (†) — (†) 

Mother’s highest level of 

education3

Less than high school ........... 1,036 (50.1) 996 (54.5) 808 (71.6) 60 (2.7) 69 (2.8) 56 (5.1) 67 (3.2) 72 (2.7) 66 (4.5) 82 (2.4) 91 (2.0) 84 (3.3) 49 (2.6) 62 (3.0) High school/GED .................. 3,268 (79.6) 2,712 (89.0) 2,048 (108.7) 75 (1.3) 81 (1.6) 74 (2.8) 75 (1.3) 83 (1.3) 74 (3.2) 87 (0.9) 95 (0.9) 82 (3.3) 65 (1.6) 77 (1.8) Vocational/technical or some 

college ............................ 2,291 (69.1) 1,833 (73.9) 1,838 (107.2) 83 (1.4) 85 (1.8) 84 (2.3) 77 (1.5) 85 (1.7) 75 (3.5) 88 (1.0) 94 (1.2) 85 (3.2) 73 (1.5) 81 (1.9) 

Associate’s degree................ 332 (25.7) 573 (40.9) 821 (59.4) 84 (3.1) 89 (2.5) 90 (2.1) 78 (3.5) 84 (2.7) 84 (2.8) 93 (2.1) 92 (2.3) 91 (2.1) 77 (3.9) 82 (3.2) 

Bachelor’s degree ................. 912 (42.3) 1,553 (68.4) 1,990 (92.4) 90 (1.6) 93 (1.2) 95 (0.9) 80 (2.0) 88 (1.5) 86 (1.7) 84 (1.7) 95 (1.1) 90 (1.3) 77 (2.0) 89 (1.4) Graduate/professional degree 569 (37.7) 685 (45.7) 1,053 (63.7) 90 (2.1) 96 (1.1) 95 (1.6) 81 (2.5) 89 (2.3) 90 (1.7) 86 (2.3) 95 (1.3) 93 (1.4) 83 (2.2) 86 (2.2) 

Mother’s employment status3

Employed .............................. 4,486 (77.3) 5,148 (84.2) 4,985 (130.1) 79 (1.0) 86 (1.0) 85 (1.2) 76 (1.0) 84 (1.0) 80 (1.4) 86 (0.8) 94 (0.7) 86 (1.5) 70 (1.1) 80 (1.2) Unemployed.......................... 594 (45.0) 396 (36.9) 467 (61.5) 71 (3.4) 77 (5.0) 69 (7.5) 73 (3.0) 80 (4.7) 69 (7.9) 89 (2.6) 94 (3.3) 94 (2.0) 63 (3.6) 69 (5.5) Not in labor force................... 3,328 (72.9) 2,809 (73.3) 3,105 (128.9) 79 (1.3) 83 (1.4) 83 (1.7) 76 (1.2) 82 (1.5) 79 (2.2) 86 (1.0) 94 (0.9) 87 (2.1) 67 (1.4) 80 (1.3) 

Number of parents in the 

household

Two parents........................... 6,226 (78.1) 6,416 (75.1) 6,852 (81.1) 81 (0.7) 87 (0.8) 85 (1.1) 77 (1.0) 84 (0.9) 81 (1.2) 86 (0.6) 94 (0.6) 88 (1.0) 71 (0.9) 81 (0.9) 

None or one parent............... 2,353 (66.5) 2,135 (75.1) 1,834 (85.1) 71 (1.7) 76 (2.0) 78 (3.2) 71 (1.7) 82 (1.6) 70 (3.6) 86 (1.2) 93 (1.2) 83 (3.7) 61 (1.8) 74 (2.3) 

Poverty status4

Above poverty threshold ....... 6,184 (60.9) 6,575 (60.3) 6,751 (71.6) 82 (0.7) 87 (0.8) 87 (1.1) 77 (0.9) 84 (0.9) 82 (1.2) 87 (0.5) 95 (0.5) 87 (1.2) 73 (0.9) 81 (0.9) At or below poverty threshold 2,395 (54.5) 1,976 (59.6) 1,934 (72.9) 69 (1.6) 74 (2.1) 71 (3.4) 72 (1.8) 80 (1.7) 69 (3.4) 86 (1.4) 92 (1.6) 86 (3.1) 57 (2.1) 73 (2.3) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.1In 1999 and 2007, a single item asked parents if they had attended an event sponsored by a community, ethnic, or religiousgroup. In 2003, attendance at an event sponsored by a religious group was asked about separately from attendance at anevent sponsored by a community or ethnic group.2GED = General Educational Development.

NOTE: The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the childtheir own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the houseinclude other racial/ethnic groups not separately shown. Race categories exerrors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statand Family Involvement in Education Survey (PFI:2003 and 2007) of the Na(This table was prepared July 2009.) 

Table 59. Percentage of kindergartners through fifth-graders whose parents reported doing education-related activities with their children in the past month, by 

characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007

Child, parent, and school characteristic

Visited a library

Went to a play, concert, or 

other live show

Visited an art gallery, museum, or 

historical site Visited a zoo or aquarium

1999 2003 2007 1999 2003 2007 1999 2003 2007 1999 2003 2007 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Total.......................... 48.6 (0.64) 50.2 (0.80) 48.8 (1.12) 32.1 (0.55) 35.5 (0.87) 31.4 (0.87) 22.2 (0.67) 22.2 (0.83) 26.3 (1.09) 14.1 (0.47) 16.5 (0.69) 19.0 (0.80) 

Sex of child

Male .............................. 47.2 (0.91) 47.3 (1.08) 46.8 (1.66) 30.5 (0.84) 33.6 (1.09) 28.7 (1.06) 22.3 (0.93) 23.1 (1.12) 27.1 (1.80) 13.9 (0.70) 16.3 (0.88) 18.5 (0.95) Female.......................... 50.1 (1.02) 53.1 (1.11) 50.9 (1.52) 33.7 (0.81) 37.5 (1.09) 34.5 (1.57) 22.1 (0.89) 21.2 (1.07) 25.4 (1.30) 14.3 (0.70) 16.7 (0.87) 19.6 (1.41) 

Race/ethnicity of child

White............................. 48.9 (0.85) 49.1 (1.03) 48.5 (1.22) 33.9 (0.72) 37.2 (1.26) 32.8 (1.13) 22.3 (0.76) 21.2 (1.09) 25.4 (1.18) 12.0 (0.54) 13.6 (0.85) 15.3 (0.85) Black ............................. 47.8 (1.76) 52.3 (2.50) 56.1 (3.95) 31.3 (1.60) 36.7 (2.23) 34.5 (3.02) 21.0 (1.52) 24.4 (1.97) 32.7 (5.13) 15.7 (1.24) 18.9 (1.55) 24.2 (2.72) Hispanic ........................ 43.9 (1.65) 48.2 (1.77) 44.6 (2.14) 24.4 (1.10) 28.0 (1.53) 25.1 (1.67) 20.6 (1.26) 20.8 (1.38) 23.5 (2.13) 19.7 (1.02) 23.7 (1.32) 25.4 (1.97) 

Asian............................. — (†) — (†) 60.3 (5.29) — (†) — (†) 29.2 (4.76) — (†) — (†) 27.9 (4.22) — (†) — (†) 23.7 (3.61) 

Highest education level of 

parents/guardians in the household

Less than high school ... 34.5 (2.33) 36.1 (3.39) 37.3 (3.49) 17.5 (1.63) 20.0 (3.10) 20.2 (2.66) 12.1 (1.64) 9.3 (1.75) 17.8 (2.25) 15.2 (1.65) 15.3 (2.05) 17.3 (2.22) 

High school/GED2 ......... 40.3 (1.42) 44.5 (1.64) 41.5 (3.52) 25.9 (1.13) 28.6 (1.83) 22.0 (2.31) 16.0 (1.04) 17.8 (1.73) 22.2 (3.58) 12.8 (0.98) 16.5 (1.18) 17.6 (2.21) 

Vocational/technical or 

some college........... 47.2 (1.41) 44.3 (2.04) 43.5 (2.46) 30.2 (1.30) 32.8 (1.89) 29.6 (2.15) 20.4 (1.21) 19.1 (1.32) 18.6 (2.00) 11.9 (0.90) 15.2 (1.29) 16.4 (1.95) 

Associate’s degree........ 50.4 (2.12) 47.4 (3.04) 46.6 (2.74) 35.5 (2.10) 41.1 (3.24) 31.0 (2.46) 22.0 (1.77) 22.0 (2.40) 22.3 (2.72) 14.3 (1.42) 15.4 (2.09) 19.3 (2.56) 

Bachelor’s degree/some 

graduate school ...... 57.6 (1.52) 57.7 (1.74) 51.9 (1.89) 40.0 (1.24) 40.1 (1.61) 37.1 (1.85) 29.1 (1.37) 27.6 (1.70) 32.1 (2.07) 15.2 (1.03) 16.0 (1.32) 21.1 (1.79) 

Graduate/professional 

degree..................... 62.9 (1.53) 65.2 (2.04) 62.2 (1.86) 43.3 (1.77) 47.2 (2.53) 40.0 (2.20) 34.7 (1.73) 31.7 (2.02) 34.7 (1.96) 17.9 (1.33) 20.7 (1.82) 20.3 (1.61) 

Family income (in current 

dollars)

$5,000 or less ............... 42.7 (4.27) 38.2 (5.63) 46.5 (8.03) 24.9 (2.73) 25.7 (4.94) 18.6 (6.08) 16.5 (2.76) 13.2 (3.10) 21.4 (7.05) 16.6 (2.77) 18.7 (3.99) 12.3 (4.18) 

$5,001 to 10,000........... 43.8 (2.86) 42.2 (4.99) 34.9 (5.37) 21.1 (2.34) 28.5 (4.74) 23.5 (5.99) 17.7 (2.07) 22.8 (4.79) 23.6 (5.63) 14.5 (1.65) 23.8 (4.05) 22.7 (5.16) $10,001 to 15,000......... 44.8 (2.51) 49.1 (4.27) 35.6 (4.75) 24.5 (2.32) 27.3 (3.26) 21.0 (4.00) 18.2 (1.99) 20.7 (4.22) 10.6 (2.93) 15.3 (2.06) 20.9 (3.46) 17.6 (4.18) 

$15,001 to 20,000......... 43.0 (3.07) 44.4 (3.95) 52.1 (9.98) 25.9 (2.37) 32.9 (3.75) 18.6 (3.76) 13.3 (1.74) 18.9 (2.83) 26.2 (11.91) 13.7 (1.61) 17.1 (2.61) 14.6 (3.78) 

$20,001 to 25,000......... 38.9 (2.10) 48.4 (3.57) 45.3 (5.05) 26.3 (2.05) 26.0 (3.39) 30.1 (4.13) 18.7 (1.85) 16.3 (2.22) 21.2 (3.97) 14.7 (1.50) 16.4 (2.35) 20.4 (3.84) 

$25,001 to 30,000......... 45.3 (2.27) 51.0 (3.71) 45.4 (5.59) 30.4 (2.35) 27.1 (3.35) 23.0 (3.90) 20.7 (1.97) 20.8 (3.12) 20.5 (5.61) 14.4 (1.70) 15.9 (2.50) 24.0 (6.29) 

$30,001 to 35,000......... 49.2 (2.55) 44.9 (3.17) 45.9 (5.09) 31.3 (2.66) 33.2 (3.22) 30.4 (4.59) 21.4 (1.97) 18.3 (2.72) 23.7 (4.51) 11.9 (1.42) 17.1 (2.32) 20.4 (4.15) 

$35,001 to 40,000......... 51.9 (2.30) 45.6 (4.30) 49.0 (3.80) 34.4 (2.60) 31.4 (3.79) 31.9 (3.85) 23.5 (2.18) 16.8 (2.99) 19.9 (4.22) 13.2 (1.48) 11.6 (2.92) 19.2 (3.80) 

$40,001 to 50,000......... 52.1 (2.03) 52.2 (3.00) 47.0 (3.92) 32.5 (1.71) 35.8 (2.99) 31.8 (3.28) 22.5 (1.51) 20.9 (2.41) 26.9 (3.75) 13.1 (1.24) 14.8 (2.05) 20.9 (4.10) 

$50,001 to 75,000......... 51.5 (1.67) 50.0 (1.65) 49.2 (2.28) 34.5 (1.47) 39.0 (1.59) 31.9 (1.80) 23.1 (1.37) 23.1 (1.42) 23.9 (1.64) 12.2 (0.86) 14.9 (1.27) 15.8 (1.50) 

Over $75,000 ................ 55.5 (1.61) 55.8 (1.69) 53.5 (1.66) 44.5 (1.45) 42.6 (1.66) 38.1 (1.42) 31.6 (1.75) 27.3 (1.43) 33.1 (1.48) 15.8 (0.86) 16.9 (1.31) 20.3 (1.17) 

Child attending public 

school ......................... 47.5 (0.68) 49.2 (0.87) 47.6 (1.22) 30.4 (0.58) 34.9 (0.88) 31.0 (0.93) 21.0 (0.70) 21.2 (0.92) 24.9 (1.12) 13.7 (0.49) 16.3 (0.71) 19.1 (0.88) 

Child attending private 

school ......................... 56.4 (1.78) 57.0 (2.31) 57.0 (2.86) 44.3 (1.80) 40.0 (2.55) 34.3 (2.65) 31.0 (1.55) 29.0 (2.04) 35.6 (2.82) 17.1 (1.28) 17.9 (1.85) 18.5 (2.05) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1GED = General Educational Development.NOTE: The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the child’s education. Responding parents reported ontheir own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the household. Excludes homeschooled children. Totals

include other racial/ethnic groups not separately shown. Race categories exchave been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statand Family Involvement in Education Survey (PFI:2003 and 2007) of the Na(This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 60. Percentage of kindergartners through fifth-graders whose parents reported doing education-related activities with their children in the past week, by s

characteristics: 1999, 2003, and 2007

Child, parent, and school characteristic

Told child a story Did arts and crafts Discussed family history/ethnic heritage 

1999 2003 2007 1999 2003 2007 1999 2003 2007 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Total................................................................. 69.4 (0.60) 74.9 (0.66) 70.3 (1.11) 68.0 (0.60) 74.9 (0.70) 75.7 (1.00) 54.9 (0.67) 53.1 (0.89) 53.5 (1.10) 

Sex of child

Male ..................................................................... 69.1 (0.76) 73.3 (0.86) 68.7 (1.51) 64.2 (0.81) 69.7 (0.98) 70.3 (1.32) 53.4 (0.91) 51.1 (1.16) 52.9 (1.48) 

Female................................................................. 69.7 (0.89) 76.6 (0.96) 72.0 (1.47) 71.9 (0.90) 80.2 (1.01) 81.7 (1.33) 56.5 (0.97) 55.1 (1.28) 54.3 (1.45) 

Race/ethnicity of child

White.................................................................... 70.9 (0.80) 76.0 (0.96) 73.2 (1.20) 72.4 (0.73) 75.4 (0.89) 74.9 (1.23) 52.6 (0.89) 44.7 (1.13) 45.6 (1.28) 

Black .................................................................... 64.8 (1.73) 69.6 (2.00) 61.6 (3.81) 58.6 (1.82) 68.1 (2.14) 73.0 (3.53) 60.2 (2.05) 66.6 (2.45) 66.9 (3.59) 

Hispanic ............................................................... 66.6 (1.49) 74.2 (1.55) 67.6 (2.46) 59.4 (1.33) 79.6 (1.45) 81.2 (1.66) 53.6 (1.44) 64.5 (1.71) 61.1 (2.22) Asian.................................................................... — († — (†) 68.9 (5.08) — (†) — (†) 66.5 (4.74) — (†) — (†) 73.6 (4.14) 

Grade of child

Kindergarten through grade 1.............................. 77.6 (1.11) 84.5 (0.93) 74.1 (1.81) 75.9 (0.95) 89.3 (0.84) 89.1 (1.08) 49.6 (1.30) 47.7 (1.38) 45.7 (2.03) 

Grades 2 through 3.............................................. 67.7 (1.05) 74.5 (1.21) 70.7 (1.94) 66.4 (1.20) 74.0 (1.12) 75.4 (1.84) 56.4 (1.26) 54.7 (1.34) 55.7 (1.93) 

Grades 4 through 5.............................................. 62.3 (1.09) 66.4 (1.20) 66.1 (1.60) 61.1 (1.19) 62.2 (1.36) 62.6 (1.80) 59.1 (1.12) 56.5 (1.42) 59.3 (1.78) 

Language spoken most at home by child

English ................................................................. 70.0 (0.64) 75.4 (0.73) 71.0 (1.22) 69.3 (0.64) 74.4 (0.72) 74.6 (1.04) 55.2 (0.71) 51.5 (0.93) 52.0 (1.10) Spanish................................................................ 57.7 (2.73) 65.6 (2.85) 60.7 (3.74) 52.1 (2.73) 81.7 (2.16) 84.5 (2.84) 47.3 (2.94) 60.2 (3.11) 62.2 (3.48) English and Spanish equally................................ 62.8 (3.49) 76.6 (3.83) 67.5 (4.69) 53.7 (4.27) 78.7 (3.88) 85.7 (3.23) 52.6 (3.40) 77.3 (4.18) 63.2 (3.98) 

English and other language equally..................... 83.9 (6.72) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 61.9 (9.53) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 74.0 (7.71) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Other language .................................................... 73.1 (5.33) 81.7 (6.95) 80.3 (8.34) 61.1 (6.67) 76.7 (4.81) 84.4 (5.61) 61.5 (7.29) 75.1 (6.13) 74.8 (8.83) 

Highest education level of parents/guardians 

in the household

Less than high school .......................................... 61.9 (2.30) 67.2 (3.16) 59.3 (4.90) 54.4 (2.13) 74.8 (3.20) 80.1 (4.60) 45.1 (2.43) 60.4 (2.98) 52.1 (4.16) 

High school/GED1 ................................................ 66.5 (1.28) 71.3 (1.59) 66.9 (2.62) 64.3 (1.27) 75.5 (1.32) 78.6 (2.44) 47.6 (1.46) 54.9 (1.91) 56.3 (3.10) 

Vocational/technical or some college................... 70.2 (1.23) 75.9 (1.54) 70.0 (2.56) 68.3 (1.18) 76.2 (1.51) 76.4 (2.15) 57.7 (1.41) 50.8 (1.75) 53.1 (2.69) 

Associate’s degree............................................... 70.0 (2.04) 76.0 (2.00) 68.9 (2.58) 71.9 (1.88) 73.6 (2.47) 72.3 (3.13) 56.7 (2.31) 50.9 (3.16) 48.7 (3.17) Bachelor’s degree/some graduate school............ 74.2 (1.39) 77.3 (1.60) 70.6 (2.11) 73.3 (1.10) 74.0 (1.48) 74.2 (1.31) 61.5 (1.57) 47.3 (1.74) 51.8 (2.06) Graduate/professional degree ............................. 71.4 (1.73) 78.6 (1.64) 77.9 (1.91) 73.3 (1.53) 73.9 (1.72) 74.1 (1.99) 61.4 (1.56) 60.1 (2.16) 55.9 (1.87) 

Family income (in current dollars)

$5,000 or less ...................................................... 67.5 (4.39) 79.5 (4.52) 63.9 (7.52) 55.9 (4.38) 78.9 (4.61) 76.7 (7.70) 54.5 (4.27) 71.0 (4.75) 50.3 (7.92) 

$5,001 to 10,000.................................................. 69.6 (2.30) 70.9 (3.88) 58.6 (7.15) 58.4 (2.93) 75.3 (3.30) 78.9 (5.56) 49.8 (3.46) 63.7 (4.64) 62.5 (6.49) 

$10,001 to 15,000................................................ 66.7 (2.62) 70.0 (3.62) 72.4 (4.17) 61.2 (2.99) 74.6 (4.03) 83.8 (3.94) 54.7 (2.48) 58.8 (4.30) 58.9 (5.61) 

$15,001 to 20,000................................................ 62.3 (2.29) 76.9 (3.45) 64.6 (7.55) 64.1 (2.70) 76.1 (3.74) 79.6 (4.10) 49.2 (2.78) 57.3 (3.48) 58.7 (6.60) 

$20,001 to 25,000................................................ 68.1 (2.34) 71.6 (2.86) 67.0 (5.11) 63.9 (2.42) 80.6 (2.33) 73.0 (5.58) 53.4 (2.82) 60.4 (3.71) 61.0 (5.19) 

$25,001 to 30,000................................................ 70.6 (2.32) 74.2 (2.86) 67.6 (5.92) 68.7 (2.42) 71.9 (3.47) 84.3 (3.45) 53.3 (2.34) 52.3 (4.08) 58.4 (5.16) 

$30,001 to 35,000................................................ 69.3 (1.85) 73.3 (2.88) 69.5 (4.44) 66.1 (2.51) 78.1 (2.72) 73.8 (4.98) 54.6 (2.68) 52.9 (3.86) 65.2 (4.25) 

$35,001 to 40,000................................................ 72.5 (1.94) 74.5 (3.68) 69.3 (4.21) 71.6 (1.96) 75.5 (2.97) 80.5 (2.81) 56.9 (2.33) 44.6 (3.73) 52.9 (3.81) 

$40,001 to 50,000................................................ 69.0 (1.82) 75.7 (2.20) 73.0 (2.88) 72.2 (1.87) 71.9 (2.48) 75.8 (2.89) 55.8 (1.83) 55.0 (2.94) 54.9 (3.17) 

$50,001 to 75,000................................................ 70.9 (1.43) 74.9 (1.53) 69.1 (2.00) 72.5 (1.41) 75.3 (1.55) 75.5 (1.94) 53.8 (1.37) 49.6 (1.99) 44.4 (2.27) 

$75,001 to 100,000.............................................. — (†) 74.7 (2.02) 72.4 (2.29) — (†) 71.2 (1.98) 73.0 (2.03) — (†) 48.8 (2.28) 49.4 (2.77) 

Over $100,000 ..................................................... — (†) 78.6 (1.52) 75.3 (1.86) — (†) 75.1 (1.87) 72.5 (1.89) — (†) 50.1 (1.93) 55.4 (2.09) 

Child attending public school................................... 68.8 (0.65) 75.0 (0.68) 69.6 (1.19) 67.5 (0.66) 75.2 (0.72) 75.9 (0.99) 54.5 (0.73) 52.4 (0.98) 54.0 (1.16) 

Child attending private school ................................. 73.7 (1.58) 74.2 (2.09) 75.2 (2.51) 71.6 (1.64) 72.1 (1.94) 74.8 (2.76) 58.2 (1.68) 58.1 (2.17) 50.6 (2.72) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Included in "Other" in 1999 and 2003 data. 2Includes all other races or two or more races. 3GED=General Educational Development. NOTE: Includes children enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 and ungraded students. Excludes homeschooled children.The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the child's education. Responding parents reported on their own and

their spouse's, or other household adults', activities. Race categories exclude appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stattion: 2002–03; and Parent Survey (Parent:1999) and Parent and Family In2007) of the National Household Education Surveys Program, unpublished 2008.) 

Table 61. Percentage of elementary and secondary school children whose parents were involved in school activities, by selected child, parent, and school charaChild, parent, and school characteristic

Percent of children whose parents report the following types of involvement in school activities

1999 2003 

Attended a

general school

meeting

Attended

parent-teacher

conference

Attended a

class event

Volunteered at

school

Attended a

general school

meeting

Attended

parent-teacher

conference

Attended a

class event

Volunteered at

school

Attended a

general school

meeting

p

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

Total..................................................................... 78.3 (0.49) 72.8 (0.45) 65.4 (0.44) 36.8 (0.40) 87.7 (0.37) 77.1 (0.42) 69.9 (0.42) 41.8 (0.60) 89.4 (0.48) 

Sex of child

Male ......................................................................... 78.0 (0.62) 74.0 (0.60) 63.4 (0.62) 36.7 (0.65) 87.4 (0.49) 77.7 (0.63) 67.4 (0.75) 41.2 (0.87) 89.3 (0.70) 

Female..................................................................... 78.6 (0.69) 71.5 (0.56) 67.4 (0.59) 37.0 (0.61) 87.9 (0.55) 76.5 (0.63) 72.6 (0.63) 42.4 (0.83) 89.6 (0.59) 

Race/ethnicity of child

White........................................................................ 80.5 (0.54) 73.6 (0.48) 71.6 (0.53) 42.7 (0.51) 88.7 (0.51) 76.4 (0.62) 74.1 (0.65) 48.4 (0.82) 90.9 (0.52) 

Black ........................................................................ 74.5 (1.12) 71.1 (1.23) 53.8 (1.29) 26.2 (1.21) 88.7 (0.85) 78.7 (1.35) 63.3 (1.54) 32.0 (1.65) 86.7 (1.77) Hispanic ................................................................... 73.1 (1.18) 71.0 (1.05) 51.5 (1.02) 24.5 (0.90) 82.6 (1.05) 78.1 (1.10) 60.9 (1.36) 27.7 (1.23) 86.7 (1.14) Asian1....................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 91.0 (2.06) 

Pacific Islander1 ....................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) 

American Indian/Alaska Native1............................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 94.2 (2.96) 

Other2....................................................................... 76.7 (2.00) 73.2 (1.94) 62.4 (2.01) 30.7 (1.94) 87.5 (1.63) 77.6 (2.25) 68.5 (2.32) 37.2 (2.16) 89.2 (1.76) 

Highest education level of parents/guardians in 

the household

Less than high school .............................................. 57.4 (1.77) 60.0 (1.78) 37.8 (1.68) 12.9 (1.05) 69.8 (2.04) 67.8 (2.50) 42.4 (2.42) 15.6 (2.04) 75.2 (2.37) 

High school/GED3 .................................................... 72.7 (1.00) 69.7 (0.87) 58.7 (0.93) 26.0 (0.88) 83.8 (0.91) 75.4 (0.93) 62.1 (1.28) 30.3 (1.27) 84.5 (1.15) 

Vocational/technical or some college....................... 78.0 (1.04) 72.8 (0.97) 66.0 (1.05) 35.7 (1.07) 88.5 (0.67) 78.0 (1.02) 69.1 (0.93) 38.8 (1.26) 87.5 (1.56) Associate’s degree................................................... 81.7 (1.14) 75.8 (1.39) 68.7 (1.57) 41.5 (1.53) 88.6 (1.27) 76.6 (1.68) 73.0 (1.76) 39.7 (1.67) 91.9 (1.18) 

Bachelor’s degree/some graduate school................ 87.0 (0.73) 79.6 (0.84) 75.8 (0.93) 49.6 (1.10) 92.0 (0.75) 79.8 (0.89) 80.1 (0.95) 53.9 (1.29) 93.6 (0.75) Graduate/professional degree ................................. 89.4 (0.70) 76.2 (1.09) 79.2 (0.98) 55.1 (1.21) 94.6 (0.74) 79.4 (0.99) 80.8 (1.09) 61.8 (1.57) 95.6 (0.64) 

Family income (in current dollars)

$5,000 or less .......................................................... 67.0 (2.83) 66.7 (3.14) 47.4 (2.87) 17.6 (2.09) 77.7 (2.84) 72.4 (4.15) 55.6 (3.91) 27.3 (4.09) 76.3 (4.85) 

$5,001 to 10,000...................................................... 66.8 (2.13) 67.6 (2.25) 50.7 (2.23) 23.3 (1.91) 79.3 (3.26) 75.7 (3.28) 59.9 (3.60) 30.4 (3.35) 80.0 (3.45) 

$10,001 to 15,000.................................................... 67.1 (1.64) 70.0 (1.62) 49.9 (2.15) 20.4 (1.40) 80.0 (2.41) 75.6 (2.35) 53.4 (2.99) 22.5 (2.44) 76.7 (4.46) 

$15,001 to 20,000.................................................... 71.1 (1.76) 70.4 (1.52) 55.1 (1.89) 25.3 (1.70) 81.1 (2.60) 74.2 (2.23) 57.5 (2.28) 25.6 (2.84) 81.9 (3.07) 

$20,001 to 25,000.................................................... 70.6 (1.90) 67.0 (1.62) 53.4 (1.76) 26.2 (1.63) 83.5 (1.64) 79.1 (1.89) 62.4 (1.99) 27.0 (2.39) 84.8 (2.26) 

$25,001 to 30,000.................................................... 74.3 (1.35) 71.6 (1.31) 59.1 (1.71) 30.9 (1.69) 85.7 (1.46) 75.9 (2.41) 64.2 (2.23) 33.8 (2.86) 85.5 (3.09) 

$30,001 to 35,000.................................................... 79.0 (1.60) 73.8 (1.72) 67.6 (1.69) 37.9 (1.84) 84.5 (1.59) 76.3 (1.94) 64.7 (2.32) 33.5 (2.51) 85.6 (2.75) 

$35,001 to 40,000.................................................... 79.4 (1.38) 73.7 (1.38) 68.4 (1.64) 36.1 (1.84) 83.4 (2.50) 74.7 (2.10) 70.9 (2.41) 37.3 (3.50) 88.0 (1.65) 

$40,001 to 50,000.................................................... 81.6 (1.07) 75.1 (1.13) 72.8 (1.25) 40.1 (1.26) 87.5 (1.18) 79.3 (1.42) 68.5 (2.11) 40.0 (1.89) 88.8 (1.57) 

$50,001 to 75,000.................................................... 84.6 (0.78) 74.8 (0.91) 72.6 (0.90) 43.8 (1.05) 89.9 (0.79) 76.9 (0.96) 74.5 (1.04) 46.0 (1.27) 92.0 (0.73) 

Over $75,000 ........................................................... 88.5 (0.68) 77.3 (0.74) 79.3 (0.80) 54.9 (1.02) 93.9 (0.57) 78.6 (0.89) 79.3 (0.73) 56.8 (1.01) 95.0 (0.40) 

Child attending public school....................................... 76.8 (0.54) 71.4 (0.50) 63.5 (0.48) 33.8 (0.41) 86.7 (0.40) 75.9 (0.45) 68.0 (0.47) 38.5 (0.64) 88.5 (0.53) 

Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8)...................... 81.7 (0.57) 80.9 (0.45) 66.9 (0.55) 38.1 (0.48) 90.9 (0.40) 85.1 (0.42) 71.7 (0.57) 42.8 (0.74) 91.7 (0.59) 

Secondary (grades 9 to 12) ..................................... 65.8 (0.99) 50.1 (1.10) 55.9 (0.97) 24.0 (0.77) 76.9 (1.06) 54.8 (1.02) 59.4 (1.06) 28.5 (0.98) 82.0 (1.12) 

Child attending private school ..................................... 91.4 (0.80) 85.0 (0.95) 81.7 (1.09) 63.8 (1.35) 95.7 (0.61) 86.6 (1.03) 85.6 (1.23) 68.7 (1.57) 96.3 (1.08) 

Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8)...................... 93.0 (0.73) 90.2 (0.81) 84.2 (1.11) 68.8 (1.37) 96.6 (0.69) 91.6 (0.92) 88.4 (1.22) 73.4 (1.90) 96.8 (1.46) 

Secondary (grades 9 to 12) ..................................... 85.9 (2.09) 66.9 (2.74) 73.0 (2.62) 46.3 (3.23) 93.0 (1.56) 72.2 (2.54) 77.6 (2.93) 55.2 (2.78) 95.2 (1.11) 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 99

Private Elementary and Secondary Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Private Elementary and Secondary Schools

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1Includes students in prekindergarten through grade 12 in schools that offer kindergarten or

higher grade.

2Race/ethnicity is not known for an estimated 837,719 prekindergarten private school students. Percentage distribution is calculated based on the students for whom race/ethnicity

is known.

3Reported in full-time equivalents (FTE). Excludes teachers who teach only prekindergarten students.

NOTE: Includes special education, vocational/technical education, and alternative schools.

Tabulation includes schools that offer kindergarten or higher grade. Detail may not sum to

totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Private

School Universe Survey (PSS), 2007–08. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 62. Number and percentage distribution of private elementary and secondary students, teachers, and schools, by orientation of school 

and selected school and student characteristics: Fall 2007

Selected 

characteristic

Total Catholic Other religious Nonsectarian

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1 2345678 9

Students1

Total.................... 5,910,210 (28,363) 100 (†) 2,308,150 (6,083) 100 (†) 2,283,210 (20,628) 100 (†) 1,318,850 (18,235) 100 (†)

Level of school

Elementary.............. 3,228,310 (17,116) 55 (0.2) 1,602,010 (4,206) 69 (0.2) 976,270 (14,547) 43 (0.4) 650,020 (7,939) 49 (0.7)

Secondary............... 827,390 (10,804) 14 (0.2) 594,860 (743) 26 (0.1) 128,040 (2,123) 6 (0.1) 104,480 (10,613) 8 (0.7)

Combined................ 1,854,510 (19,370) 31 (0.2) 111,270 (5,363) 5 (0.2) 1,178,900 (13,373) 52 (0.4) 564,350 (12,855) 43 (0.7)

School enrollment

Less than 50 ........... 671,350 (10,026) 11 (0.2) 17,930 (364) 1 (#) 303,320 (8,012) 13 (0.3) 350,100 (5,044) 27 (0.4)

50 to 149................. 953,160 (16,066) 16 (0.2) 208,370 (2,309) 9 (0.1) 482,580 (13,839) 21 (0.5) 262,220 (7,255) 20 (0.5)

150 to 299............... 1,415,000 (6,158) 24 (0.1) 697,590 (4,483) 30 (0.2) 510,920 (3,577) 22 (0.2) 206,500 (3,256) 16 (0.3)

300 to 499............... 1,158,420 (4,918) 20 (0.1) 617,850 (2,955) 27 (0.1) 372,650 (4,378) 16 (0.2) 167,920 (3,129) 13 (0.3)

500 to 749............... 783,200 (4,374) 13 (0.1) 401,540 (3,675) 17 (0.1) 259,580 (2,371) 11 (0.1) 122,080 (†) 9 (0.1)

750 or more............. 929,080 (16,638) 16 (0.2) 364,870 (†) 16 (#) 354,170 (7,000) 16 (0.3) 210,030 (15,093) 16 (1.0)

Student race/ethnicity2

White....................... 3,779,030 (22,170) 75 (0.2) 1,575,890 (5,136) 73 (0.1) 1,486,660 (13,621) 77 (0.4) 716,480 (16,182) 73 (0.5)

Black ....................... 496,580 (4,455) 10 (0.1) 170,830 (642) 8 (#) 214,190 (4,191) 11 (0.2) 111,560 (1,118) 11 (0.2)

Hispanic .................. 487,770 (7,435) 10 (0.1) 289,920 (1,986) 13 (0.1) 128,300 (7,083) 7 (0.3) 69,550 (1,188) 7 (0.1)

Asian/Pacific Islander 276,380 (3,537) 5 (0.1) 106,590 (162) 5 (#) 90,330 (2,470) 5 (0.1) 79,450 (2,817) 8 (0.3)

American Indian/

Alaska Native.... 32,730 (1,217) 1 (#) 12,980 (21) 1 (#) 11,220 (1,211) 1 (0.1) 8,530 (127) 1 (#)

Type of locale

City.......................... 2,429,570 (13,222) 41 (0.2) 1,049,480 (4,213) 45 (0.1) 871,710 (9,337) 38 (0.4) 508,380 (5,557) 39 (0.5)

Suburban ................ 2,382,550 (12,070) 40 (0.2) 945,360 (3,530) 41 (0.1) 875,540 (10,021) 38 (0.4) 561,660 (6,031) 43 (0.6)

Town........................ 411,700 (5,477) 7 (0.1) 196,990 (1,052) 9 (0.1) 161,070 (5,209) 7 (0.2) 53,640 (1,292) 4 (0.1)

Rural ....................... 686,390 (21,308) 12 (0.3) 116,320 (3,985) 5 (0.2) 374,900 (13,812) 16 (0.5) 195,170 (15,864) 15 (1.0)

Teachers3

Total.................... 456,270 (2,897) 100 (†) 146,630 (395) 100 (†) 183,310 (1,909) 100 (†) 126,330 (1,966) 100 (†)

Level of school

Elementary.............. 207,230 (1,433) 45 (0.3) 94,800 (329) 65 (0.1) 67,260 (1,122) 37 (0.4) 45,170 (685) 36 (0.6)

Secondary............... 69,240 (767) 15 (0.2) 42,400 (110) 29 (0.1) 12,940 (169) 7 (0.1) 13,910 (743) 11 (0.5)

Combined................ 179,800 (2,184) 39 (0.3) 9,430 (223) 6 (0.1) 103,120 (1,392) 56 (0.4) 67,240 (1,637) 53 (0.8)

School enrollment

Less than 50 ........... 48,310 (1,208) 11 (0.2) 1,550 (41) 1 (#) 23,890 (1,037) 13 (0.5) 22,860 (523) 18 (0.4)

50 to 149................. 88,250 (1,520) 19 (0.3) 16,890 (255) 12 (0.2) 42,800 (1,166) 23 (0.5) 28,560 (821) 23 (0.6)

150 to 299............... 105,570 (641) 23 (0.2) 43,240 (296) 29 (0.2) 40,570 (405) 22 (0.3) 21,750 (417) 17 (0.4)

300 to 499............... 84,750 (332) 19 (0.1) 37,720 (160) 26 (0.1) 29,010 (355) 16 (0.2) 18,020 (270) 14 (0.3)

500 to 749............... 57,940 (537) 13 (0.1) 24,290 (39) 17 (0.1) 20,370 (535) 11 (0.3) 13,280 (†) 11 (0.2)

750 or more............. 71,450 (1,618) 16 (0.3) 22,930 (†) 16 (#) 26,680 (379) 15 (0.2) 21,850 (1,573) 17 (1.0)

Type of locale

City.......................... 185,530 (1,253) 41 (0.3) 66,010 (201) 45 (0.1) 69,640 (916) 38 (0.5) 49,870 (569) 39 (0.6)

Suburban ................ 177,160 (1,322) 39 (0.3) 58,450 (276) 40 (0.1) 67,810 (901) 37 (0.5) 50,900 (680) 40 (0.6)

Town........................ 32,490 (917) 7 (0.2) 13,710 (63) 9 (0.1) 13,660 (891) 7 (0.5) 5,120 (209) 4 (0.2)

Rural ....................... 61,090 (2,025) 13 (0.4) 8,450 (229) 6 (0.1) 32,200 (1,135) 18 (0.5) 20,430 (1,664) 16 (1.1)

Schools

Total.................... 33,740 (370) 100 (†) 7,510 (37) 100 (†) 15,400 (296) 100 (†) 10,830 (179) 100 (†)

Level of school

Elementary.............. 21,870 (293) 65 (0.4) 6,070 (30) 81 (0.3) 8,610 (224) 56 (0.7) 7,180 (156) 66 (0.7)

Secondary............... 2,930 (67) 9 (0.2) 1,090 (17) 15 (0.2) 840 (22) 5 (0.2) 1,000 (61) 9 (0.5)

Combined................ 8,940 (160) 26 (0.4) 340 (19) 5 (0.3) 5,950 (143) 39 (0.7) 2,640 (64) 24 (0.6)

School enrollment

Less than 50 ........... 14,370 (311) 43 (0.5) 360 (20) 5 (0.3) 7,210 (241) 47 (0.8) 6,800 (159) 63 (0.7)

50 to 149................. 8,510 (148) 25 (0.4) 1,710 (29) 23 (0.3) 4,440 (118) 29 (0.6) 2,360 (74) 22 (0.6)

150 to 299............... 5,970 (27) 18 (0.2) 2,940 (18) 39 (0.3) 2,160 (15) 14 (0.3) 880 (17) 8 (0.2)

300 to 499............... 2,800 (13) 8 (0.1) 1,500 (6) 20 (0.1) 900 (11) 6 (0.1) 410 (9) 4 (0.1)

500 to 749............... 1,240 (8) 4 (#) 650 (7) 9 (0.1) 400 (4) 3 (0.1) 190 (†) 2 (#)

750 or more............. 850 (17) 3 (0.1) 350 (†) 5 (#) 310 (9) 2 (0.1) 190 (14) 2 (0.1)

Type of locale

City.......................... 11,210 (100) 33 (0.4) 3,080 (14) 41 (0.2) 4,460 (54) 29 (0.6) 3,680 (63) 34 (0.5)

Suburban ................ 12,670 (198) 38 (0.5) 2,770 (26) 37 (0.2) 4,850 (115) 32 (0.8) 5,040 (124) 47 (0.8)

Town........................ 3,300 (130) 10 (0.4) 1,020 (15) 14 (0.2) 1,680 (105) 11 (0.6) 600 (75) 6 (0.7)

Rural ....................... 6,560 (263) 19 (0.6) 640 (24) 9 (0.3) 4,410 (254) 29 (1.2) 1,520 (70) 14 (0.6)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met. 1Only includes kindergarten students who attend schools that offer first or higher grade. 2Tuition weighted by the number of students enrolled in schools. NOTE: Excludes schools not offering first or higher grade. Elementary schools have grade 6 or lower and no grade higherthan 8. Secondary schools have no grade lower than 7. Combined schools have grades lower than 7 and higher than 8.

Excludes prekindergarten students. Includes schools reporting tuition of 0. Deand cell suppression. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisvate School Questionnaire,” 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08. (This table w

Table 63. Private elementary and secondary enrollment, number of schools, and average tuition, by school level, orientation, and tuition: 1999–2000, 2003–04, aSchool orientationand tuition

Kindergarten through 12th-grade enrollment1 Schools Average tuition 

Total Elementary Secondary Combined Total Elementary Secondary Combined Total E

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

1999–2000

Total................................ 5,262,850 (131,001) 2,920,680 (55,056) 818,920 (34,102) 1,523,240 (88,816) 27,220 (239) 16,560 (278) 2,580 (126) 8,080 (276) $4,689 (254.3) $3,26

Catholic................................... 2,548,710 (23,352) 1,810,330 (18,134) 616,190 (25,935) 122,190 (15,613) 7,930 (41) 6,530 (68) 1,100 (56) 300 (28) 3,236 (439.8) 2,45Other religious ........................ 1,871,850 (86,781) 831,060 (41,035) 115,010 (10,980) 925,780 (66,926) 12,520 (271) 6,610 (231) 720 (76) 5,190 (243) 4,063 (936.7) 3,50Nonsectarian .......................... 842,290 (61,373) 279,290 (28,987) 87,720 (11,774) 475,270 (43,377) 5,130 (156) 2,780 (153) 590 (90) 1,770 (151) 10,992 (928.4) 7,882003–04

Total................................ 5,059,450 (104,287) 2,675,960 (55,714) 832,320 (54,051) 1,551,170 (82,059) 28,380 (262) 17,330 (262) 2,660 (206) 8,400 (217) $6,600 (144.5) $5,04

Catholic................................... 2,320,040 (49,156) 1,645,680 (41,231) 584,250 (32,236) 90,110 (14,746) 7,920 (35) 6,530 (50) 1,060 (39) 320 (39) 4,254 (95.9) 3,53Other religious ........................ 1,746,460 (63,090) 714,860 (28,935) 107,980 (33,776) 923,630 (48,379) 13,660 (203) 7,280 (200) 640 (175) 5,740 (182) 5,839 (143.9) 5,39Nonsectarian .......................... 992,940 (71,519) 315,430 (30,820) 140,080 (27,556) 537,440 (59,332) 6,810 (136) 3,510 (141) 960 (108) 2,340 (144) 13,419 (379.1) 12,162007–08

Total................................ 5,165,280 (104,435) 2,462,980 (58,830) 850,750 (38,553) 1,851,550 (91,348) 28,220 (328) 16,370 (291) 3,040 (149) 8,810 (254) $8,549 (176.0) $6,73

Less than $2,499 ................ 455,850 (33,102) 271,960 (21,952) ‡ (†) 173,660 (24,693) 6,100 (347) 3,450 (229) ‡ (†) 2,370 (226) 1,670 (80.6) 1,93$2,500 to $3,499................. 666,450 (42,950) 478,050 (33,038) ‡ (†) 168,440 (26,113) 3,930 (257) 2,820 (225) ‡ (†) 1,020 (119) 3,428 (41.0) 3,45$3,500 to $5,999................. 1,790,410 (77,850) 1,066,750 (45,444) 143,510 (19,815) 580,150 (53,528) 9,110 (341) 6,100 (263) 550 (76) 2,460 (192) 5,206 (41.6) 5,21$6,000 to $9,999................. 1,155,290 (60,342) 366,470 (37,396) 455,840 (33,376) 332,980 (36,574) 4,460 (232) 2,390 (188) 1,050 (85) 1,020 (114) 8,264 (100.6) 9,23

$10,000 or more ................. 1,097,280 (67,145) 279,740 (31,540) 221,210 (23,837) 596,320 (60,614) 4,630 (232) 1,620 (156) 1,070 (96) 1,940 (150) 20,272 (513.4) 19,51

Catholic................................... 2,224,470 (49,385) 1,457,960 (32,114) 620,840 (32,581) 145,680 (25,445) 7,400 (34) 5,950 (57) 1,080 (46) 370 (39) 6,018 (180.3) 4,94

Less than $2,499 ................ 190,800 (20,946) 174,580 (20,080) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1,130 (102) 1,050 (96) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 2,144 (75.7) 2,16

$2,500 to $3,499................. 428,610 (35,795) 396,980 (32,130) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1,680 (131) 1,630 (126) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 3,352 (42.8) 3,38$3,500 to $5,999................. 826,120 (37,974) 683,980 (32,576) 111,770 (16,043) ‡ (†) 3,040 (131) 2,680 (117) 280 (43) ‡ (†) 4,896 (48.8) 4,86$6,000 to $9,999................. 607,980 (49,329) 165,120 (28,123) 395,900 (30,158) ‡ (†) 1,170 (102) 470 (72) 630 (49) ‡ (†) 7,682 (116.3) 7,78$10,000 or more ................. 170,960 (27,585) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 380 (62) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 16,536 (1,704.9) 

Other religious ........................ 1,975,980 (81,216) 709,730 (36,666) 128,550 (15,136) 1,137,700 (75,038) 13,950 (282) 7,170 (228) 960 (85) 5,820 (192) 7,117 (237.1) 6,57

Less than $2,499 ................ 221,810 (25,272) 94,820 (10,131) ‡ (†) 122,890 (21,602) 4,160 (294) 2,320 (215) ‡ (†) 1,780 (185) 1,577 (129.3) 1,55$2,500 to $3,499................. 208,200 (24,333) 77,840 (11,714) ‡ (†) 129,590 (23,401) 2,020 (208) 1,120 (175) ‡ (†) 880 (115) 3,520 (84.3) 3,75

$3,500 to $5,999................. 860,370 (59,588) 340,150 (27,800) ‡ (†) 489,390 (49,116) 5,030 (257) 2,640 (170) ‡ (†) 2,160 (175) 5,372 (74.8) 5,56

$6,000 to $9,999................. 384,850 (39,687) 103,280 (15,561) 57,150 (10,809) 224,420 (33,273) 1,640 (137) 680 (94) 370 (65) 600 (72) 8,045 (155.1) 8,80$10,000 or more ................. 300,750 (34,146) 93,640 (19,216) ‡ (†) 171,400 (31,330) 1,100 (114) 420 (72) ‡ (†) 420 (81) 17,497 (759.9) 15,20

Nonsectarian .......................... 964,830 (55,074) 295,280 (25,191) 101,370 (12,739) 568,180 (48,321) 6,860 (119) 3,240 (143) 1,010 (87) 2,620 (138) 17,316 (555.2) 15,94

Less than $2,499 ................ 43,250 (6,840) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 800 (113) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 54 (33.2) 

$2,500 to $3,499................. ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) $3,500 to $5,999................. 103,930 (18,494) 42,610 (7,809) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1,040 (143) 770 (139) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 6,289 (352.1) 8,09$6,000 to $9,999................. 162,450 (24,872) 98,070 (16,434) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1,650 (168) 1,250 (151) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 10,963 (530.4) 12,11$10,000 or more ................. 625,570 (45,837) 148,810 (20,542) 90,480 (12,896) 386,280 (43,701) 3,150 (177) 1,070 (129) 660 (77) 1,410 (131) 22,628 (703.0) 21,23
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 64. Private elementary and secondary school full-time-equivalent staff and student to full-time-equivalent staff ratios, by orientation of school, school level, aType of staff

Total Catholic

Total Elementary1 Secondary2 Combined3 Total Elementary1 

1 23 4567 

Number of schools ............................ 28,220 (328) 16,370 (291) 3,040 (149) 8,810 (254) 7,400 (34) 5,950 (57) 1,

Enrollment (in thousands) ................. 5,165 (104) 2,463 (59) 851 (39) 1,852 (91) 2,224 (49) 1,458 (32) 

Total staff ................................... 778,610 (16,146) 326,320 (8,044) 126,490 (5,809) 325,810 (14,362) 250,380 (6,211) 157,980 (3,488) 70,

Principals........................................... 30,430 (463) 15,260 (316) 3,360 (168) 11,810 (398) 7,730 (101) 5,950 (75) 1,

Assistant principals............................ 13,000 (485) 4,860 (287) 2,840 (194) 5,290 (337) 3,980 (191) 1,940 (123) 1,Other managers ................................ 25,940 (947) 9,150 (443) 5,160 (357) 11,630 (775) 7,010 (387) 3,100 (196) 3,

Instruction coordinators..................... 7,770 (535) 2,620 (274) 1,570 (217) 3,590 (391) 2,060 (252) 1,020 (179) 

Teachers............................................ 433,400 (8,589) 186,870 (4,498) 68,840 (2,748) 177,690 (8,011) 146,120 (3,316) 92,210 (2,001) 41,

Teacher aides .................................... 52,960 (2,577) 26,740 (1,390) 1,740 (352) 24,480 (2,237) 14,730 (997) 12,820 (548) Other aides........................................ 11,160 (1,243) 4,780 (517) 710 (206) 5,660 (1,254) 2,580 (351) 2,440 (355) 

Guidance counselors......................... 11,620 (504) 2,290 (131) 4,140 (211) 5,190 (439) 5,040 (257) 1,600 (93) 2,

Librarians/media specialists .............. 11,960 (346) 5,680 (202) 1,900 (106) 4,380 (293) 4,730 (137) 3,230 (116) 1,

Library/media center aides................ 4,030 (254) 1,910 (161) 600 (84) 1,520 (178) 1,770 (149) 1,200 (126) 

Nurses............................................... 8,160 (396) 3,350 (163) 1,580 (181) 3,240 (281) 2,970 (153) 2,180 (121) 

Student support staff4........................ 24,500 (1,227) 7,900 (569) 4,690 (523) 11,900 (1,030) 6,080 (507) 3,670 (282) 1,

Secretaries/clerical staff .................... 50,010 (1,437) 19,230 (684) 9,730 (532) 21,050 (1,111) 15,940 (541) 8,840 (261) 5,

Food service personnel..................... 27,610 (1,008) 11,900 (490) 5,420 (461) 10,290 (814) 11,220 (476) 6,920 (341) 3,Custodial and maintenance............... 45,170 (1,464) 17,590 (596) 8,340 (526) 19,250 (1,369) 14,800 (483) 9,120 (284) 4,

Other employees5 .............................. 20,880 (2,707) 6,180 (784) 5,870 ! (2,016) 8,840 (1,345) 3,620 (642) 1,730 (366) 1,

Students per full-time-equivalent staff member

Total staff ................................... 7 (0.1) 8 (0.1) 7 (0.2) 6 (0.1) 9 (0.1) 9 (0.1) 

Principals........................................... 170 (2.9) 161 (4.2) 253 (12.5) 157 (5.7) 288 (5.9) 245 (4.9) Assistant principals............................ 397 (12.5) 506 (24.5) 300 (17.1) 350 (17.6) 559 (22.0) 750 (41.9) Other managers ................................ 199 (6.0) 269 (11.1) 165 (9.1) 159 (8.2) 317 (14.7) 470 (29.0) 

Instruction coordinators..................... 664 (43.6) 942 (91.0) 544 (83.9) 515 (55.3) 1,080 (147.3) 1,431 (279.8) 

Teachers............................................ 12 (0.1) 13 (0.1) 12 (0.3) 10 (0.2) 15 (0.1) 16 (0.2) Teacher aides .................................... 98 (4.9) 92 (4.5) 489 (123.0) 76 (7.2) 151 (10.0) 114 (4.6) 2,Other aides........................................ 463 (53.6) 515 (57.9) 1,190 ! (407.3) 327 (87.8) 864 (141.3) 598 (103.4) Guidance counselors......................... 444 (16.5) 1,073 (55.9) 206 (6.9) 357 (24.4) 441 (17.9) 912 (49.6) 

Librarians/media specialists .............. 432 (9.7) 434 (12.8) 447 (19.7) 423 (18.3) 470 (11.5) 451 (15.7) 

Library/media center aides................ 1,283 (77.5) 1,288 (106.6) 1,427 (202.0) 1,219 (142.7) 1,258 (107.6) 1,210 (124.6) 1,

Nurses............................................... 633 (26.9) 736 (33.2) 539 (57.7) 572 (46.1) 750 (38.6) 668 (33.3) 1,Student support staff4........................ 211 (10.2) 312 (21.7) 181 (20.4) 156 (13.9) 366 (28.0) 397 (27.3) 

Secretaries/clerical staff .................... 103 (2.1) 128 (3.0) 87 (3.6) 88 (3.2) 140 (3.2) 165 (4.0) Food service personnel..................... 187 (6.4) 207 (8.7) 157 (13.1) 180 (11.7) 198 (7.4) 211 (9.8) Custodial and maintenance............... 114 (2.8) 140 (3.4) 102 (5.3) 96 (5.2) 150 (3.5) 160 (4.3) 

Other employees5 .............................. 247 (29.7) 399 (49.5) 145 ! (55.5) 209 (32.7) 614 (120.7) 841 (193.8) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. !Interpret data with caution.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8.2Schools with no grade lower than 7.3Schools with grades lower than 7 and higher than 8.4Includes student support services professional staff, such as school psychologists, social workers, and speech therapists or

pathologists.

5Includes other employees not identified by function.NOTE: Data are based on a sample survey and may not be strictly comparaprekindergarten students from calculations, but includes kindergarten studegrade. Includes only schools that offer first or higher grade. Standard errors totals because of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisvate School Questionnaire,” 2007–08. (This table was prepared October 2009

Table 64. Private elementary and secondary school full-time-equivalent staff and student to full-time-equivalent staff ratios, by orientation of school, school level, anType of staff

Other religious orientation Nonsectarian

Total Elementary1 Secondary2 Combined3 Total Elementary1 

1 10 11 12 13 14 15 

Number of schools .......................... 13,950 (282) 7,170 (228) 960 (85) 5,820 (192) 6,860 (119) 3,240 (143) 1,

Enrollment (in thousands) ............... 1,976 (81) 710 (37) 129 (15) 1,138 (75) 965 (55) 295 (25) 

Total staff ................................. 293,830 (10,433) 105,540 (4,977) 22,270 (2,241) 166,020 (10,154) 234,410 (10,902) 62,790 (4,761) 33,

Principals......................................... 14,860 (343) 6,000 (236) 1,080 (106) 7,780 (336) 7,840 (264) 3,310 (184) 1,Assistant principals.......................... 4,860 (300) 1,650 (150) 560 (88) 2,650 (238) 4,160 (272) 1,270 (168) 

Other managers .............................. 8,940 (479) 3,040 (256) 860 (145) 5,050 (393) 9,990 (661) 3,010 (314) 1,

Instruction coordinators................... 2,520 (237) 640 (100) 260 ! (113) 1,610 (194) 3,190 (421) 950 (185) 

Teachers.......................................... 172,830 (6,093) 61,040 (2,838) 12,730 (1,389) 99,070 (5,822) 114,440 (5,551) 33,630 (2,610) 14,Teacher aides .................................. 15,280 (902) 7,260 (671) 240 ! (79) 7,780 (778) 22,950 (2,039) 6,650 (959) 1,

Other aides...................................... 3,050 (387) 1,530 (306) ‡ (†) 1,480 (222) 5,540 (1,295) 820 ! (250) Guidance counselors....................... 3,380 (267) 420 (73) 600 (81) 2,360 (227) 3,200 (369) 280 (61) 

Librarians/media specialists ............ 4,280 (235) 1,530 (125) 360 (66) 2,380 (217) 2,950 (200) 910 (115) Library/media center aides.............. 1,550 (183) 570 (91) 70 ! (22) 910 (156) 710 (108) 140 ! (41) Nurses............................................. 2,230 (177) 780 (84) 230 (58) 1,220 (143) 2,970 (289) 380 (71) 

Student support staff4...................... 5,750 (633) 1,910 (245) 470 ! (146) 3,360 (602) 12,670 (999) 2,320 (437) 2,

Secretaries/clerical staff .................. 19,530 (802) 6,870 (435) 1,760 (231) 10,910 (692) 14,530 (992) 3,520 (385) 2,

Food service personnel................... 10,510 (727) 3,720 (298) 910 (171) 5,880 (653) 5,880 (606) 1,270 (209) 1,

Custodial and maintenance............. 17,270 (1,073) 5,770 (355) 1,470 (225) 10,020 (1,002) 13,110 (1,009) 2,700 (337) 2,

Other employees5 ............................ 6,980 (950) 2,800 (601) ‡ (†) 3,540 (748) 10,280 (2,232) 1,640 (356) 4,

Students per full-time-equivalent staff member

Total staff ................................. 7 (0.1) 7 (0.2) 6 (0.4) 7 (0.2) 4 (0.1) 5 (0.2) 

Principals......................................... 133 (4.7) 118 (6.9) 119 (13.8) 146 (6.9) 123 (5.8) 89 (6.3) Assistant principals.......................... 407 (22.3) 430 (28.8) 230 (47.6) 430 (30.3) 232 (15.6) 233 (28.9) 

Other managers .............................. 221 (10.4) 234 (16.5) 150 (23.6) 225 (14.1) 97 (5.2) 98 (8.0) 

Instruction coordinators................... 784 (72.1) 1,102 (175.4) ‡ (†) 705 (90.8) 302 (33.7) 310 (50.1) 

Teachers.......................................... 11 (0.2) 12 (0.3) 10 (0.7) 11 (0.2) 8 (0.2) 9 (0.3) Teacher aides .................................. 129 (7.5) 98 (7.4) ‡ (†) 146 (12.8) 42 (4.4) 44 (6.5) Other aides...................................... 648 (83.3) 464 (103.6) ‡ (†) 767 (123.2) 174 (49.2) 361 ! (139.0) Guidance counselors....................... 585 (39.0) 1,689 (247.6) 216 (18.5) 481 (38.8) 301 (28.0) 1,072 (297.2) Librarians/media specialists ............ 462 (18.7) 463 (25.3) 354 (50.3) 478 (30.0) 327 (15.3) 324 (36.0) Library/media center aides.............. 1,274 (145.0) 1,243 (207.8) 1,820 ! (798.8) 1,251 (234.4) 1,363 (220.2) 2,172 ! (876.5) Nurses............................................. 887 (64.5) 906 (90.6) 567 ! (174.4) 933 (104.7) 325 (30.3) 775 (151.0) Student support staff4...................... 344 (39.1) 371 (48.7) 271 ! (111.5) 338 (61.8) 76 (6.8) 127 (27.7) 

Secretaries/clerical staff .................. 101 (3.0) 103 (4.3) 73 (6.9) 104 (4.2) 66 (3.6) 84 (5.4) Food service personnel................... 188 (12.0) 191 (15.9) 142 (32.0) 193 (17.8) 164 (15.1) 233 (34.9) 

Custodial and maintenance............. 114 (5.8) 123 (6.7) 87 (9.1) 113 (9.2) 74 (4.3) 109 (10.7) 

Other employees5 ............................ 283 (39.1) 254 (55.1) ‡ (†) 321 (84.4) 94 (20.6) 180 (44.9) 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 103

Private Elementary and Secondary Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Elementary enrollment is for kindergarten through grade 8, and secondary enrollment is

for grades 9 through 12.

2From 1919–20 through fall 1960, includes part-time teachers. From 1969–70 through

1993–94, excludes part-time teachers. Beginning in 1994–95, reported in full-time equivalents (FTE). Prekindergarten teachers not counted separately, but may be included with

elementary teachers.

3Includes middle schools.

4Prekindergarten enrollment was not reported separately, but may be included in elementary enrollment.

5Includes estimates for the nonreporting schools. 

6Excludes the Archdiocese of New Orleans.

NOTE: Data collected by the National Catholic Educational Association and data collected

by the National Center for Education Statistics are not directly comparable because survey

procedures and definitions differ. Some data have been revised from previously published

figures. 

SOURCE: National Catholic Educational Association, A Statistical Report on Catholic Elementary and Secondary Schools for the Years 1967–68 to 1969–70; A Report on Catholic

Schools, 1970–71 through 1973–74; A Statistical Report on U.S. Catholic Schools,

1974–75 through 1980–81; and United States Catholic Elementary and Secondary

Schools, 1981–82 through 2009–10, retrieved April 6, 2010, from http://www.ncea.org/

news/AnnualDataReport.asp. (This table was prepared April 2010.)

Table 65. Enrollment and instructional staff in Catholic elementary and secondary schools, by level: Selected years, 1919–20 through 2009–10

School year

Number of schools Enrollment1 Instructional staff2

Total Elementary3 Secondary Total

Prekindergarten Elementary Secondary Total Elementary3 Secondary

1 2345678 9 10 11

1919–20.............................. 8,103 6,551 1,552 1,925,521 (

4

) 1,795,673 129,848 49,516 41,592 7,924

1929–30.............................. 10,046 7,923 2,123 2,464,467 (

4

) 2,222,598 241,869 72,552 58,245 14,307

1939–40.............................. 10,049 7,944 2,105 2,396,305 (4

) 2,035,182 361,123 81,057 60,081 20,976

1949–50.............................. 10,778 8,589 2,189 3,066,387 (4

) 2,560,815 505,572 94,295 66,525 27,770

Fall 1960 ............................. 12,893 10,501 2,392 5,253,791 (

4

) 4,373,422 880,369 151,902 108,169 43,733

1969–70.............................. 11,352 9,366 1,986 4,367,000 (4

) 3,359,000 1,008,000 195,400 5 133,200 5 62,200 5

1970–71.............................. 11,350 9,370 1,980 4,363,566 (4) 3,355,478 1,008,088 166,208 112,750 53,458

1974–75.............................. 10,127 8,437 1,690 3,504,000 (

4

) 2,602,000 902,000 150,179 100,011 50,168

1975–76.............................. 9,993 8,340 1,653 3,415,000 (4

) 2,525,000 890,000 149,276 99,319 49,957

1979–80.............................. 9,640 8,100 1,540 3,139,000 (4

) 2,293,000 846,000 147,294 97,724 49,570

1980–81.............................. 9,559 8,043 1,516 3,106,000 (4

) 2,269,000 837,000 145,777 96,739 49,038

1981–82.............................. 9,494 7,996 1,498 3,094,000 (4

) 2,266,000 828,000 146,172 96,847 49,325

1982–83.............................. 9,432 7,950 1,482 3,007,189 (4

) 2,211,412 795,777 146,460 97,337 49,123

1983–84.............................. 9,401 7,937 1,464 2,969,000 (

4

) 2,179,000 790,000 146,913 98,591 48,322

1984–85.............................. 9,325 7,876 1,449 2,903,000 (4

) 2,119,000 784,000 149,888 99,820 50,068

1985–86.............................. 9,220 7,790 1,430 2,821,000 (4

) 2,061,000 760,000 146,594 96,741 49,853

1986–87.............................. 9,102 7,693 1,409 2,726,000 (

4

) 1,998,000 728,000 141,930 93,554 48,376

1987–88.............................. 8,992 7,601 1,391 2,690,668 67,637 1,942,148 680,883 139,887 93,199 46,688

1988–89.............................. 8,867 7,505 1,362 2,627,745 76,626 1,911,911 639,208 137,700 93,154 44,546

1989–90.............................. 8,719 7,395 1,324 2,588,893 90,023 1,892,913 605,957 136,900 94,197 42,703

1990–91.............................. 8,587 7,291 1,296 2,575,815 100,376 1,883,906 591,533 131,198 91,039 40,159

1991–92.............................. 8,508 7,239 1,269 2,550,863 107,939 1,856,302 586,622 153,334 109,084 44,250

1992–93.............................. 8,423 7,174 1,249 2,567,630 122,788 1,860,937 583,905 154,816 109,825 44,991

1993–94.............................. 8,345 7,114 1,231 2,576,845 132,236 1,859,947 584,662 157,201 112,199 45,002

1994–95.............................. 8,293 7,055 1,238 2,618,567 143,360 1,877,782 597,425 164,219 117,620 46,599

1995–96.............................. 8,250 7,022 1,228 2,635,210 144,099 1,884,461 606,650 166,759 118,753 48,006

1996–97.............................. 8,231 7,005 1,226 2,645,462 148,264 1,885,037 612,161 153,276 107,548 45,728

1997–98.............................. 8,223 7,004 1,219 2,648,859 150,965 1,879,737 618,157 152,259 105,717 46,542

1998–99.............................. 8,217 6,990 1,227 2,648,844 152,356 1,876,211 620,277 153,081 105,943 47,138

1999–2000.......................... 8,144 6,923 1,221 2,653,038 152,622 1,877,236 623,180 157,134 109,404 47,730

2000–01.............................. 8,146 6,920 1,226 2,647,301 155,742 1,863,682 627,877 160,731 111,937 48,794

2001–02.............................. 8,114 6,886 1,228 2,616,330 159,869 1,827,319 629,142 155,658 108,485 47,173

2002–03.............................. 8,000 6,785 1,215 2,553,277 157,250 1,765,893 630,134 163,004 112,884 50,120

2003–04.............................. 7,955 6,727 1,228 2,484,252 150,422 1,708,501 625,329 162,337 112,303 50,034

2004–05.............................. 7,799 6,574 1,225 2,420,590 150,905 1,642,868 626,817 160,153 107,764 52,389

2005–06.............................. 7,589 6,386 1,203 2,325,220 146,327 1,568,687 610,206 152,502 6 103,481 6 49,021 6

2006–07.............................. 7,498 6,288 1,210 2,320,651 152,429 1,544,695 623,527 159,135 107,682 51,453

2007–08.............................. 7,378 6,165 1,213 2,270,913 152,980 1,494,979 622,954 160,075 107,217 52,858

2008–09.............................. 7,248 6,028 1,220 2,192,531 153,325 1,434,949 604,257 157,615 105,518 52,097

2009–10.............................. 7,094 5,889 1,205 2,119,341 150,262 1,375,982 593,097 154,316 103,460 50,856
104 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Private Elementary and Secondary Schools

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution.

‡Reporting standards not met. 

1Reported in full-time equivalents (FTE). Excludes teachers who teach only prekindergarten students.

NOTE: Includes special education, vocational/technical education, and alternative schools.

Tabulation includes schools that offer kindergarten or higher grade. Includes enrollment of

students in prekindergarten though grade 12 in schools that offer kindergarten or higher

grade. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not

sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Private

School Universe Survey (PSS), various years, 1997–98 through 2007–08. (This table was

prepared June 2009.)

Table 66. Private elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, teachers, and high school graduates, by state: Selected years, 1997 through 

2007

State Schools, fall 2007

Enrollment in prekindergarten through grade 12 Teachers,1

fall 2007

High school

Fall 1997 Fall 1999 Fall 2001 Fall 2003 Fall 2005 Fall 2007 graduates, 2006–07

1 23456 7 8 9 10

United States....... 33,740 (370) 5,944,320 (18,543) 6,018,280 (30,179) 6,319,650 (40,272) 6,099,220 (41,219) 6,073,240 (42,446) 5,910,210 (28,363) 456,270 (2,897) 306,610 (2,488)

Alabama........................ 420 (17) 82,060 (†) 81,040 (†) 92,380 (3,926) 99,580 (12,130) 92,280 (5,892) 83,840 (103) 6,400 (17) 4,580 (†)

Alaska ........................... 60 (†) 7,230 (†) 6,980 (†) 7,420 (†) 7,370 (424) 7,500 (1,028) 4,990 (†) 460 (†) 200 (†)

Arizona.......................... 360 (†) 59,730 (261) 58,740 (2,591) 78,660 (18,218) 75,360 (16,426) 66,840 (†) 64,910 (†) 4,220 (†) 2,590 (†)

Arkansas....................... 300 ! (136) 30,410 (†) 29,400 (†) 32,570 (†) 31,300 (†) 35,390 (5,858) 40,120 ! (11,961) 3,150 ! (948) 1,380 (†)

California....................... 4,010 (44) 721,210 (2,146) 724,010 (1,403) 757,750 (8,415) 740,460 (8,703) 737,490 (15,529) 703,810 (6,129) 50,150 (495) 34,880 (465)

Colorado ....................... 420 (†) 65,410 (†) 65,690 (†) 64,700 (†) 62,080 (476) 70,770 (1,160) 64,740 (†) 4,830 (†) 2,520 (†)

Connecticut ................... 420 (17) 76,740 (785) 80,060 (391) 82,320 (†) 102,960 (25,024) 76,220 (1,619) 85,150 (9,241) 8,240 (705) 7,990 (1,925)

Delaware....................... 210 ! (68) 36,730 (7,525) 26,940 (†) 31,690 (1,023) 33,020 (2,649) 29,830 (†) 32,520 (2,701) 2,440 (124) 1,800 (†)

District of Columbia....... 90 (†) 17,480 (†) 17,000 (†) 33,660 (14,373) 23,510 (6,121) 19,880 (†) 19,640 (†) 2,190 (†) 1,660 (†)

Florida........................... 1,940 (82) 329,770 (2,120) 349,180 (4,957) 365,890 (8,301) 398,720 (14,590) 396,790 (7,429) 391,660 (6,123) 29,790 (653) 18,580 (291)

Georgia ......................... 910 (169) 126,520 (5,983) 137,420 (9,460) 137,060 (4,550) 144,850 (6,527) 152,600 (10,394) 157,430 (9,185) 14,010 (902) 7,570 (106)

Hawaii ........................... 140 (4) 35,530 (†) 35,550 (746) 42,980 (220) 39,940 (†) 32,810 (†) 37,300 (290) 2,880 (24) 2,390 (†)

Idaho............................. 190 ! (71) 11,140 (†) 12,720 (†) 12,050 (†) 12,570 (†) 15,320 (2,518) 24,700 ! (11,608) 1,680 ! (758) 910 ! (405)

Illinois............................ 1,920 (194) 345,250 (720) 347,750 (700) 357,390 (19,293) 316,430 (1,698) 317,940 (4,263) 312,270 (6,638) 20,750 (535) 15,110 (113)

Indiana .......................... 810 (27) 122,430 (1,222) 121,960 (†) 129,240 (326) 124,500 (455) 139,370 (17,870) 119,910 (2,284) 8,100 (231) 4,790 (101)

Iowa............................... 240 (†) 64,320 (9,269) 54,640 (844) 51,540 (†) 53,850 (4,634) 60,960 (8,311) 47,820 (†) 3,410 (†) 2,260 (†)

Kansas.......................... 250 (32) 45,430 (1,964) 56,840 (12,716) 51,540 (8,341) 47,710 (2,151) 47,130 (1,654) 47,780 (2,414) 3,500 (178) 2,380 (†)

Kentucky ....................... 400 (57) 81,770 (1,078) 89,300 (6,657) 85,230 (3,227) 82,100 (1,525) 78,880 (1,228) 76,140 (2,074) 5,640 (174) 4,030 (†)

Louisiana....................... 390 (†) 153,710 (1,198) 148,020 (†) 159,910 (11,381) 155,780 (3,515) 138,270 (525) 137,460 (†) 9,080 (†) 7,530 (†)

Maine ............................ 200 (24) 18,260 (†) 19,820 (261) 20,820 (174) 24,740 (3,629) 20,680 (337) 21,260 (143) 2,140 (24) 2,620 (†)

Maryland ....................... 820 (20) 154,920 (1,725) 166,570 (1,030) 175,740 (†) 172,360 (†) 170,350 (4,201) 165,760 (1,160) 14,290 (101) 9,450 (†)

Massachusetts.............. 950 (57) 151,300 (†) 154,060 (147) 177,490 (9,836) 164,390 (6,636) 157,770 (3,273) 151,640 (2,516) 15,040 (295) 10,430 (85)

Michigan........................ 910 (11) 211,950 (3,152) 208,470 (4,965) 198,380 (†) 180,080 (†) 166,950 (407) 159,100 (2,047) 10,870 (134) 8,520 (†)

Minnesota ..................... 580 (16) 97,470 (†) 101,360 (†) 112,310 (2,993) 106,010 (3,011) 104,730 (3,467) 101,740 (3,903) 7,180 (218) 4,930 (442)

Mississippi..................... 220 (†) 57,150 (416) 67,200 (14,096) 67,380 (10,106) 57,110 (2,981) 57,930 (4,104) 55,270 (†) 4,150 (†) 3,350 (†)

Missouri......................... 690 (73) 138,460 (6,478) 131,750 (†) 138,140 (4,321) 141,530 (9,966) 137,810 (10,580) 125,610 (3,685) 9,720 (390) 7,330 (87)

Montana ........................ 140 ! (40) 9,050 (†) 10,170 (487) 12,930 (1,895) 12,510 (2,091) 35,980 ! (22,655) 15,030 ! (5,465) 1,200 ! (364) 1,700 ! (1,214)

Nebraska....................... 220 (†) 43,210 (†) 44,560 (†) 45,590 (618) 41,650 (†) 42,420 (†) 40,320 (†) 2,820 (†) 2,160 (†)

Nevada.......................... 160 (10) 15,360 (†) 17,350 (†) 20,370 (385) 23,930 (†) 29,120 (†) 29,820 (2,009) 1,550 (123) 700 (†)

New Hampshire ............ 310 (†) 31,670 (1,565) 36,480 (†) 38,650 (†) 33,780 (†) 33,220 (†) 30,920 (†) 2,970 (†) 2,290 (†)

New Jersey ................... 1,440 (86) 248,110 (8,025) 237,540 (2,316) 282,450 (4,182) 269,530 (7,577) 256,160 (8,439) 253,250 (5,016) 19,510 (301) 13,340 (†)

New Mexico................... 210 (31) 23,580 (84) 28,570 (220) 26,510 (†) 29,310 (3,928) 25,030 (141) 27,290 (1,388) 2,170 (123) 1,500 (65)

New York ....................... 2,130 (65) 531,510 (2,416) 542,520 (4,368) 559,670 (1,669) 515,620 (4,071) 510,750 (3,596) 518,850 (7,196) 42,840 (953) 29,890 (117)

North Carolina............... 660 (33) 105,450 (8,920) 104,370 (1,403) 116,500 (4,112) 126,230 (11,439) 117,280 (11,681) 121,660 (2,226) 10,850 (430) 5,590 (†)

North Dakota................. 50 (†) 7,970 (†) 7,730 (†) 7,180 (†) 6,840 (†) 7,290 (†) 7,430 (†) 560 (†) ‡ (†)

Ohio .............................. 1,190 (136) 285,150 (3,088) 280,930 (1,730) 290,370 (7,180) 270,660 (7,094) 254,530 (9,821) 239,520 (2,741) 16,370 (442) 13,060 (61)

Oklahoma...................... 300 ! (90) 39,580 (7,068) 45,660 (7,770) 46,570 (8,723) 34,300 (2,013) 35,350 (1,194) 40,320 (5,032) 3,900 (880) 2,030 (293)

Oregon.......................... 560 (69) 58,290 (4,441) 61,000 (5,195) 71,500 (15,519) 54,320 (†) 69,620 (14,139) 66,260 (5,188) 4,740 (480) 2,810 (†)

Pennsylvania................. 2,500 (117) 395,940 (5,960) 392,060 (6,679) 374,490 (†) 357,580 (3,364) 332,740 (3,918) 324,020 (6,253) 24,640 (729) 17,480 (321)

Rhode Island................. 230 (50) 30,310 (†) 29,570 (†) 30,970 (†) 31,960 (†) 30,600 (†) 28,260 (1,096) 2,530 (57) 1,580 (†)

South Carolina .............. 410 (20) 82,390 (7,965) 86,810 (18,537) 70,950 (†) 73,800 (†) 70,240 (1,797) 71,430 (1,043) 5,550 (20) 3,210 (†)

South Dakota ................ 80 (†) 10,350 (†) 10,120 (†) 11,740 (†) 11,980 (†) 12,700 (†) 12,280 (†) 930 (†) 560 (†)

Tennessee..................... 560 (32) 91,880 (†) 104,150 (5,281) 98,790 (†) 93,390 (†) 105,240 (2,531) 117,540 (12,851) 10,110 (1,518) 5,890 (†)

Texas............................. 1,650 (115) 283,120 (7,997) 277,770 (2,338) 314,210 (12,244) 271,380 (2,758) 304,170 (20,453) 296,540 (4,132) 23,620 (367) 11,920 (†)

Utah .............................. 150 (†) 18,250 (†) 15,900 (†) 20,040 (†) 19,990 (†) 21,220 (†) 20,860 (†) 1,720 (†) 1,350 (†)

Vermont......................... 150 (23) 12,230 (398) 15,010 (1,829) 14,090 (†) 12,730 (†) 11,530 (†) 12,600 (232) 1,550 (23) 1,760 (325)

Virginia.......................... 870 (104) 115,560 (443) 116,110 (215) 129,470 (†) 131,160 (6,936) 155,220 (14,290) 143,140 (7,988) 12,920 (874) 6,910 (270)

Washington ................... 730 (93) 88,160 (1,870) 88,080 (1,493) 91,150 (2,028) 101,130 (7,935) 119,640 (13,187) 104,070 (3,054) 7,460 (225) 4,570 (9)

West Virginia................. 140 (†) 15,260 (†) 16,370 (†) 16,560 (†) 15,300 (†) 16,120 (†) 14,980 (†) 1,260 (†) 600 (†)

Wisconsin...................... 990 (48) 156,330 (†) 154,340 (1,581) 162,220 (9,080) 159,240 (11,743) 142,280 (137) 138,290 (1,597) 9,910 (100) 5,430 (†)

Wyoming ....................... 40 (†) 3,200 (†) 2,640 (†) 2,430 (†) 2,600 (†) 2,310 (†) 2,930 (†) 260 (†) ‡ (†)
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 105

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Teachers and Other Staff

Table 67. Public elementary and secondary pupil/teacher ratios, by school size, type, percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price 

lunch, locale, and level of school: Fall 1988 through fall 2008

Selected school 

characteristic 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

All schools ........ 17.9 17.9 17.4 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.7 17.8 17.6 17.2 16.9 16.6 16.4 16.3 16.2 16.4 16.2 16.0 15.8 15.7 15.7

Enrollment size of school 

Under 300 ...................... 14.8 14.6 14.0 14.1 14.1 14.3 14.1 14.1 14.0 13.7 13.6 13.3 13.1 12.9 12.8 13.0 12.8 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.5

300 to 499...................... 17.7 17.6 17.0 17.1 17.0 17.3 17.2 17.1 16.9 16.5 16.2 15.8 15.5 15.4 15.3 15.5 15.2 15.0 14.9 15.0 14.8

500 to 999...................... 18.4 18.5 18.0 18.1 18.1 18.2 18.1 18.2 17.9 17.5 17.1 16.8 16.7 16.5 16.5 16.6 16.4 16.2 15.9 15.9 15.9

1,000 to 1,499................ 18.3 18.5 17.9 18.2 18.6 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.5 18.1 17.7 17.6 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.6 17.3 16.9 16.7 16.5 16.5

1,500 or more ................ 20.1 19.4 19.2 19.6 20.0 19.7 19.9 20.0 20.0 19.7 19.3 19.3 19.1 19.0 18.9 19.2 19.1 18.8 18.6 18.1 18.3

Type

Regular schools ............. 18.0 18.1 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.8 17.9 17.7 17.3 17.0 16.7 16.5 16.4 16.3 16.5 16.3 16.1 15.9 15.8 15.8

Alternative...................... 14.8 16.0 14.2 15.8 16.5 17.4 18.0 16.6 16.6 16.5 16.4 15.8 15.2 14.9 14.9 15.0 14.4 14.0 14.7 13.5 14.2

Special education .......... 6.9 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.4 6.9 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.3 7.2 7.0 6.4 7.0 7.3 7.4 6.2 6.6 7.1 6.8

Vocational ...................... — 13.0 13.0 12.3 13.0 13.1 12.9 12.7 12.9 12.9 13.1 13.0 12.7 12.7 9.9 10.3 11.5 12.0 13.3 11.3 10.7

Percent of students 

eligible for free or 

reduced-price lunch

25 percent or less .......... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.8 16.4 16.4 16.3 16.1

26 percent to 50 percent... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.2 16.1 15.8 15.7 15.7

51 percent to 75 percent... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.9 15.6 15.3 15.2 15.4

More than 75 percent..... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.9 15.5 15.4 15.0 15.1

Type of locale

City, large1...................... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.1 16.6 16.0 16.2

City, midsize2.................. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.2 16.2 15.9 15.9

City, small3 ..................... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.2 16.0 15.7 15.8

Suburban, large4 ............ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.3 16.2 16.2 15.9

Suburban, midsize5 ........ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.5 16.3 16.0 16.0

Suburban, small6............ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.5 16.3 16.3 16.4

Town, fringe7 .................. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.2 16.0 15.9 15.9

Town, distant8................. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.4 15.0 15.2 15.2

Town, remote9 ................ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.2 15.1 15.0 15.0

Rural, fringe10................. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.1 15.8 16.0 15.9

Rural, distant11 ............... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.7 14.3 14.5 14.4

Rural, remote12............... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.4

Level and size

Elementary schools ....... 18.6 18.6 18.1 18.2 18.1 18.2 18.0 18.1 17.8 17.4 17.0 16.7 16.5 16.3 16.2 16.3 16.0 15.8 15.6 15.6 15.5

Regular ...................... 18.7 18.7 18.2 18.2 18.1 18.3 18.0 18.1 17.9 17.4 17.0 16.7 16.5 16.3 16.2 16.3 16.0 15.8 15.6 15.6 15.5

Under 300............... 16.7 16.6 16.0 16.1 15.9 16.0 15.7 15.7 15.6 15.3 15.1 14.6 14.4 14.1 13.9 14.0 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.7 13.5

300 to 499 .............. 18.3 18.3 17.6 17.6 17.5 17.7 17.5 17.5 17.2 16.8 16.4 16.1 15.8 15.6 15.5 15.6 15.3 15.2 15.1 15.2 15.0

500 to 999 .............. 19.4 19.4 18.8 18.8 18.7 18.8 18.5 18.6 18.3 17.8 17.4 17.1 16.9 16.8 16.7 16.8 16.5 16.3 16.0 16.0 16.0

1,000 to 1,499 ........ 20.0 20.1 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.7 19.6 19.7 19.4 18.8 18.4 18.3 18.1 18.0 18.0 18.1 17.7 17.2 17.0 16.7 16.8

1,500 or more......... 18.9 19.5 19.9 20.9 20.3 21.2 20.4 20.9 21.2 20.7 19.9 20.0 20.5 20.2 20.3 20.8 20.5 19.6 19.4 18.0 18.1

Secondary schools ........ 17.2 17.2 16.6 16.9 17.3 17.3 17.5 17.6 17.5 17.3 17.0 16.8 16.6 16.6 16.7 16.9 16.8 16.6 16.4 16.3 16.2

Regular ...................... 17.1 17.3 16.7 17.0 17.4 17.4 17.6 17.7 17.6 17.4 17.1 16.9 16.7 16.7 16.8 17.0 16.9 16.8 16.6 16.4 16.3

Under 300............... 12.7 12.4 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.7 12.5 12.5 12.0 12.0 11.9 12.0 12.3 12.0 12.2 12.0 12.1 11.9

300 to 499 .............. 15.4 15.5 14.9 15.1 15.3 15.5 15.7 15.7 15.5 15.3 15.1 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.4 14.7 14.7 14.6 14.4 14.4 14.3

500 to 999 .............. 16.6 16.8 16.1 16.4 16.7 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.7 16.4 16.2 16.0 15.8 15.7 15.8 16.0 15.9 15.8 15.6 15.4 15.4

1,000 to 1,499 ........ 17.7 17.9 17.2 17.5 17.9 17.8 17.9 18.0 17.9 17.5 17.2 17.1 16.8 16.8 16.9 17.2 17.0 16.8 16.5 16.5 16.3

1,500 or more......... 19.5 19.5 19.3 19.6 20.0 19.6 19.9 20.0 20.0 19.7 19.3 19.2 18.9 18.8 18.8 19.0 19.0 18.8 18.5 18.2 18.2

Combined schools ......... 15.9 15.5 14.5 15.0 14.8 15.3 15.1 15.0 14.7 14.4 13.4 13.4 13.7 13.4 13.5 13.8 13.9 14.1 14.7 13.4 13.9

Under 300 .................. 9.8 9.5 8.9 9.3 9.3 9.6 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.6 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.1 9.1 9.5 9.2 9.5 10.1 9.2 8.9

300 to 499 .................. 15.3 14.4 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.8 14.4 14.7 14.3 14.0 13.6 13.8 13.5 13.1 13.1 14.4 13.4 13.9 14.3 13.7 13.9

500 to 999 .................. 17.1 17.6 16.3 16.7 15.6 16.5 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.2 15.5 14.9 15.8 15.6 16.0 15.4 15.8 15.9 16.0 15.2 15.6

1,000 to 1,499 ............ 18.5 19.0 17.8 17.9 18.6 18.6 18.3 18.2 18.4 18.0 16.9 16.9 17.5 18.1 17.7 17.5 17.4 16.4 17.3 15.9 16.7

1,500 or more............. 18.8 18.8 17.7 18.6 18.9 18.8 19.5 19.6 19.3 19.3 18.7 19.2 18.6 18.9 19.1 19.2 18.7 20.0 20.3 18.0 21.7

Ungraded ....................... 6.8 5.9 6.4 6.5 6.9 7.1 6.7 6.9 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.3 7.0 6.3 6.8 9.6 8.0 7.7 7.2 7.3 5.5

See notes at end of table.
106 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Located inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with a population of at least

250,000.

2Located inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with a population of at least

100,000, but less than 250,000.

3Located inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with a population less than

100,000.

4Located inside an urbanized area and outside a principal city with a population of 250,000

or more.

5Located inside an urbanized area and outside a principal city with a population of at least

100,000, but less than 250,000.

6Located inside an urbanized area and outside a principal city with a population less than

100,000.

7Located inside an urban cluster that is 10 miles or less from an urbanized area.

8Located inside an urban cluster that is more than 10 but less than or equal to 35 miles

from an urbanized area.

9Located inside an urban cluster that is more than 35 miles from an urbanized area.

10Located outside any urbanized area or urban cluster, but 5 miles or less from an urbanized area or 2.5 miles or less from an urban cluster.

11Located outside any urbanized area or urban cluster and more than 5 miles but less than

or equal to 25 miles from an urbanized area, or more than 2.5 miles but less than or equal

to 10 miles from an urban cluster.

12Located outside any urbanized area or urban cluster, more than 25 miles from an urbanized area, and more than 10 miles from an urban cluster.

NOTE: Pupil/teacher ratios are based on data reported by types of schools rather than by

instructional programs within schools. Only includes schools that reported both enrollment

and teacher data. Ratios are based on data reported by schools and may differ from data

reported in other tables that reflect aggregate totals reported by states.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

1988–89 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.) 

Level, type, and percent of 

students eligible for free 

or reduced-price lunch

Elementary, regular

25 percent or less ...... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.6 16.4 16.2 16.2 16.0

26 to 50 percent ......... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.0 15.8 15.5 15.6 15.6

51 to 75 percent ......... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.7 15.5 15.1 15.2 15.2

More than 75 percent.... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.0 15.6 15.4 15.1 15.2

Secondary, regular

25 percent or less ...... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.5 17.0 16.9 16.8 16.6

26 to 50 percent ......... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.9 16.8 16.4 16.4 16.2

51 to 75 percent ......... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.9 16.7 16.3 16.1 16.4

More than 75 percent. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.2 16.7 16.2 15.7 15.9

Table 67. Public elementary and secondary pupil/teacher ratios, by school size, type, percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price 

lunch, locale, and level of school: Fall 1988 through fall 2008—Continued

Selected school 

characteristic 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 107

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Estimated.

2Projected. 

NOTE: Data for teachers are expressed in full-time equivalents (FTE). Counts of private

school teachers and enrollment include prekindergarten through grade 12 in schools offering kindergarten or higher grades. Counts of public school teachers and enrollment include

prekindergarten through grade 12. The pupil/teacher ratio includes teachers for students

with disabilities and other special teachers, while these teachers are generally excluded

from class size calculations. Ratios for public schools reflect totals reported by states and

differ from totals reported for schools or school districts. Some data have been revised from

previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, 1955–56 through 1984–85; Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary

Education,” 1985–86 through 2008–09; Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 1989–90

through 2007–08; Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; and unpublished data. (This

table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 68. Public and private elementary and secondary teachers, enrollment, and pupil/teacher ratios: Selected years, fall 1955 through fall 2019

Year

Teachers (in thousands) Enrollment (in thousands) Pupil/teacher ratio

Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 23 456 78910

1955........................................ 1,286 1,141 145 1 35,280 30,680 4,600 1 27.4 26.9 31.7 1

1960........................................ 1,600 1,408 192 1 42,181 36,281 5,900 1 26.4 25.8 30.7 1

1965........................................ 1,933 1,710 223 48,473 42,173 6,300 25.1 24.7 28.3

1970........................................ 2,292 2,059 233 51,257 45,894 5,363 22.4 22.3 23.0

1971........................................ 2,293 2,063 230 1 51,271 46,071 5,200 1 22.4 22.3 22.6 1

1972........................................ 2,337 2,106 231 1 50,726 45,726 5,000 1 21.7 21.7 21.6 1

1973........................................ 2,372 2,136 236 1 50,445 45,445 5,000 1 21.3 21.3 21.2 1

1974........................................ 2,410 2,165 245 1 50,073 45,073 5,000 1 20.8 20.8 20.4 1

1975........................................ 2,453 2,198 255 1 49,819 44,819 5,000 1 20.3 20.4 19.6 1

1976........................................ 2,457 2,189 268 49,478 44,311 5,167 20.1 20.2 19.3

1977........................................ 2,488 2,209 279 48,717 43,577 5,140 19.6 19.7 18.4

1978........................................ 2,479 2,207 272 47,637 42,551 5,086 19.2 19.3 18.7

1979........................................ 2,461 2,185 276 1 46,651 41,651 5,000 1 19.0 19.1 18.1 1

1980........................................ 2,485 2,184 301 46,208 40,877 5,331 18.6 18.7 17.7

1981........................................ 2,440 2,127 313 1 45,544 40,044 5,500 1 18.7 18.8 17.6 1

1982........................................ 2,458 2,133 325 1 45,166 39,566 5,600 1 18.4 18.6 17.2 1

1983........................................ 2,476 2,139 337 44,967 39,252 5,715 18.2 18.4 17.0

1984........................................ 2,508 2,168 340 1 44,908 39,208 5,700 1 17.9 18.1 16.8 1

1985........................................ 2,549 2,206 343 44,979 39,422 5,557 17.6 17.9 16.2

1986........................................ 2,592 2,244 348 1 45,205 39,753 5,452 1 17.4 17.7 15.7 1

1987........................................ 2,631 2,279 352 45,488 40,008 5,479 17.3 17.6 15.6

1988........................................ 2,668 2,323 345 45,430 40,189 5,242 1 17.0 17.3 15.2 1

1989........................................ 2,713 2,357 356 46,141 40,543 5,599 17.0 17.2 15.7

1990........................................ 2,759 2,398 361 1 46,864 41,217 5,648 1 17.0 17.2 15.6 1

1991........................................ 2,797 2,432 365 47,728 42,047 5,681 17.1 17.3 15.6

1992........................................ 2,823 2,459 364 1 48,694 42,823 5,870 1 17.2 17.4 16.1 1

1993........................................ 2,868 2,504 364 49,532 43,465 6,067 17.3 17.4 16.7

1994........................................ 2,922 2,552 370 1 50,106 44,111 5,994 1 17.1 17.3 16.2 1

1995........................................ 2,974 2,598 376 50,759 44,840 5,918 17.1 17.3 15.7

1996........................................ 3,051 2,667 384 1 51,544 45,611 5,933 1 16.9 17.1 15.5 1

1997........................................ 3,138 2,746 391 52,071 46,127 5,944 16.6 16.8 15.2

1998........................................ 3,230 2,830 400 1 52,526 46,539 5,988 1 16.3 16.4 15.0 1

1999........................................ 3,319 2,911 408 52,875 46,857 6,018 15.9 16.1 14.7

2000........................................ 3,366 2,941 424 1 53,373 47,204 6,169 1 15.9 16.0 14.5 1

2001........................................ 3,440 3,000 441 53,992 47,672 6,320 15.7 15.9 14.3

2002........................................ 3,476 3,034 442 1 54,403 48,183 6,220 1 15.7 15.9 14.1 1

2003........................................ 3,490 3,049 441 54,639 48,540 6,099 15.7 15.9 13.8

2004........................................ 3,538 3,091 447 1 54,882 48,795 6,087 1 15.5 15.8 13.6 1

2005........................................ 3,593 3,143 450 55,187 49,113 6,073 15.4 15.6 13.5

2006........................................ 3,622 3,166 456 1 55,307 49,316 5,991 1 15.3 15.6 13.2 1

2007........................................ 3,634 3,178 456 55,203 49,293 5,910 15.2 15.5 13.0

2008........................................ 3,674 3,219 455 1 55,235 49,266 5,969 1 15.0 15.3 13.1 1

20092 ...................................... 3,617 3,161 457 55,282 49,312 5,970 15.3 15.6 13.1

20102 ...................................... 3,633 3,174 460 55,350 49,386 5,964 15.2 15.6 13.0

20112 ...................................... 3,662 3,198 464 55,515 49,554 5,961 15.2 15.5 12.9

20122 ...................................... 3,701 3,232 469 55,757 49,795 5,962 15.1 15.4 12.7

20132 ...................................... 3,747 3,271 475 56,063 50,088 5,975 15.0 15.3 12.6

20142 ...................................... 3,805 3,322 483 56,442 50,446 5,995 14.8 15.2 12.4

20152 ...................................... 3,862 3,372 490 56,859 50,827 6,031 14.7 15.1 12.3

20162 ...................................... 3,922 3,424 498 57,273 51,198 6,075 14.6 15.0 12.2

20172 ...................................... 3,984 3,478 506 57,709 51,583 6,126 14.5 14.8 12.1

20182 ...................................... 4,048 3,534 514 58,129 51,946 6,184 14.4 14.7 12.0

20192 ...................................... 4,107 3,585 522 58,590 52,342 6,248 14.3 14.6 12.0
108 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Data have been revised from previously published figures. 

2Includes imputed values for states.

3Includes imputations for underreporting of prekindergarten teachers. 

4Imputed.

NOTE: Distribution of elementary and secondary teachers determined by reporting units.

Teachers reported in full-time equivalents (FTE). DoD = Department of Defense. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2000–01 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 69. Public elementary and secondary teachers, by level and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2008

State or jurisdiction Fall 2000 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006

Fall 20071 Fall 2008

Total Elementary Secondary Ungraded Total Elementary Secondary Ungraded

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ............ 2,941,461 2 3,090,925 2 3,143,003 2 3,166,391 2 3,178,142 2 1,688,240 2 1,258,069 231,833 3,219,458 2 1,758,169 2 1,234,197 227,092

Alabama ............................ 48,194 3 51,594 57,757 56,134 50,420 29,086 21,334 0 47,818 27,193 20,625 0

Alaska................................ 7,880 7,756 7,912 7,903 7,613 3,897 3,716 0 7,927 4,111 3,816 0

Arizona .............................. 44,438 48,935 51,376 52,625 54,032 38,807 15,225 0 54,696 39,077 15,619 0

Arkansas............................ 31,947 31,234 32,997 35,089 33,882 17,942 13,520 2,420 37,162 19,656 14,525 2,981

California ........................... 298,021 3 305,969 3 309,222 3 307,366 3 305,230 3 209,146 3 86,030 10,054 303,647 3 206,996 3 88,190 8,461

Colorado ............................ 41,983 45,165 45,841 46,973 47,761 26,947 20,814 0 48,692 27,679 21,013 0

Connecticut........................ 41,044 38,808 39,687 39,115 39,304 26,005 12,259 1,040 48,463 31,808 15,602 1,053

Delaware............................ 7,469 7,856 7,998 8,038 8,198 4,110 4,088 0 8,322 4,093 4,229 0

District of Columbia ........... 4,949 5,387 5,481 4 5,383 4 6,347 3,238 2,619 490 5,321 2,768 2,263 290

Florida................................ 132,030 154,864 158,962 162,851 168,737 75,670 67,019 26,048 186,361 75,396 66,343 44,622

Georgia.............................. 91,043 104,987 108,535 113,597 116,857 71,109 45,681 67 118,839 72,537 46,233 69

Hawaii................................ 10,927 11,146 11,226 11,271 11,397 6,075 5,280 42 11,295 6,058 5,194 43

Idaho.................................. 13,714 14,269 14,521 14,770 15,013 7,874 7,139 0 15,148 7,951 7,197 0

Illinois................................. 127,620 131,047 133,857 140,988 136,571 56,585 58,489 21,497 135,704 93,183 42,518 3

Indiana............................... 59,226 60,563 60,592 61,346 62,334 33,870 28,074 390 62,668 34,007 28,296 365

Iowa ................................... 34,636 34,697 35,181 35,653 36,089 19,608 16,481 0 35,961 19,603 16,358 0

Kansas............................... 32,742 32,932 33,608 35,297 35,359 16,604 18,572 183 35,883 16,957 18,769 157

Kentucky ............................ 39,589 41,463 42,413 43,371 43,536 21,699 10,168 11,669 43,451 21,609 10,117 11,725

Louisiana ........................... 49,915 49,192 44,660 45,951 48,610 34,042 14,568 0 49,377 34,573 14,804 0

Maine................................. 16,559 16,656 16,684 16,826 16,558 11,351 5,207 0 15,912 10,881 5,031 0

Maryland............................ 52,433 55,101 56,685 58,443 59,320 34,449 24,871 0 58,940 34,396 24,544 0

Massachusetts................... 67,432 73,399 73,596 73,157 70,719 47,026 23,693 0 70,398 46,585 23,813 0

Michigan ............................ 97,031 100,638 98,069 98,037 96,204 38,063 38,343 19,798 94,754 37,702 37,761 19,291

Minnesota .......................... 53,457 52,152 51,107 51,880 52,975 27,012 24,483 1,480 53,083 27,327 24,124 1,632

Mississippi ......................... 31,006 31,321 31,433 32,351 33,560 16,149 13,103 4,308 33,358 15,891 13,291 4,176

Missouri ............................. 64,735 65,847 67,076 67,521 68,430 35,420 33,010 0 68,015 34,870 33,145 0

Montana............................. 10,411 10,224 10,369 10,398 10,519 7,082 3,437 0 9,570 6,182 3,388 0

Nebraska ........................... 20,983 21,236 21,359 21,459 21,930 13,996 7,847 87 20,258 12,403 7,855 0

Nevada .............................. 18,293 20,950 21,744 22,908 23,423 12,003 8,067 3,353 21,993 11,283 7,892 2,818

New Hampshire ................. 14,341 15,298 15,536 15,515 15,484 10,576 4,908 0 15,661 10,649 5,012 0

New Jersey ........................ 99,061 114,875 112,673 112,301 111,500 47,442 46,343 17,715 114,713 53,374 48,663 12,676

New Mexico ....................... 21,042 21,730 22,021 22,016 22,300 15,589 6,629 82 22,825 13,473 5,127 4,225

New York............................ 206,961 218,612 4 218,989 218,879 211,854 102,626 71,116 38,112 217,944 105,446 73,282 39,216

North Carolina ................... 83,680 92,550 95,664 112,304 106,562 56,192 48,685 1,685 109,634 56,823 49,063 3,748

North Dakota ..................... 8,141 8,070 8,003 8,007 8,068 4,970 3,098 0 8,181 5,132 3,049 0

Ohio ................................... 118,361 118,060 117,982 110,459 109,766 52,616 52,498 4,652 112,845 54,741 53,743 4,361

Oklahoma .......................... 41,318 40,416 41,833 42,206 46,735 22,276 19,974 4,485 46,571 22,386 19,770 4,415

Oregon............................... 28,094 27,431 28,346 29,940 30,013 20,677 9,120 216 30,152 20,886 9,266 0

Pennsylvania...................... 116,963 121,167 122,397 123,114 135,234 62,770 63,313 9,151 129,708 61,395 59,464 8,849

Rhode Island ..................... 10,645 11,781 14,180 3 11,381 11,271 5,383 5,888 0 11,316 5,386 5,930 0

South Carolina................... 45,380 46,914 48,212 49,284 47,382 14,200 30,757 2,425 49,941 33,282 14,272 2,387

South Dakota..................... 9,397 9,064 9,129 9,070 9,416 5,729 2,533 1,154 9,244 5,791 2,553 900

Tennessee ......................... 57,164 60,022 59,596 62,176 64,659 44,454 18,626 1,579 64,926 44,397 18,848 1,681

Texas ................................. 274,826 294,547 302,425 311,649 321,929 159,819 123,974 38,136 327,905 163,514 127,161 37,230

Utah ................................... 22,008 22,287 3 22,993 23,640 24,336 12,165 9,711 2,460 23,657 11,658 9,563 2,436

Vermont ............................. 8,414 8,720 8,851 8,859 8,749 3,399 3,601 1,749 8,766 3,333 3,551 1,882

Virginia............................... 86,977 3 93,732 103,944 79,688 71,861 34,907 36,954 0 71,415 35,233 36,182 0

Washington........................ 51,098 53,125 53,508 53,743 53,960 26,518 22,264 5,178 54,428 26,775 22,372 5,281

West Virginia...................... 20,930 19,958 19,940 19,633 20,306 9,493 10,813 0 20,209 9,452 10,757 0

Wisconsin .......................... 60,165 60,521 60,127 59,089 58,914 28,023 30,763 128 59,401 28,622 30,660 119

Wyoming............................ 6,783 6,657 6,706 6,737 6,915 3,551 3,364 0 7,000 3,646 3,354 0

Bureau of Indian Education . — — — — — — — — — — — —

DoD, overseas ................... 5,105 4,885 5,726 5,204 4,147 1,610 1,519 1,018 4,551 1,581 1,532 1,438

DoD, domestic ................... 2,399 2,002 2,033 2,033 2,243 992 433 818 2,145 974 423 748

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... 820 945 989 971 — — — — — — — —

Guam ............................. 1,975 1,672 1,804 — — — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas......... 526 579 614 579 550 310 236 4 514 280 230 4

Puerto Rico.................... 37,620 43,054 42,036 40,163 40,826 21,357 14,017 5,452 39,356 19,065 15,031 5,260

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 1,511 1,545 1,434 1,531 1,518 643 588 287 1,331 632 472 227
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 109

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Data have been revised from previously published figures.

2Includes imputed values for states.

3Includes imputations for underreporting of prekindergarten teachers/enrollment. 

4Imputed.

NOTE: Teachers reported in full-time equivalents (FTE). DoD = Department of Defense. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2000–01 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 70. Teachers, enrollment, and pupil/teacher ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, fall 

2000 through fall 2008

State or jurisdiction

Pupil/teacher ratio Fall 2006 Fall 20071 Fall 2008

Fall 2000 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Teachers Enrollment

Pupil/

teacher

ratio Teachers Enrollment

Pupil/

teacher

ratio Teachers Enrollment

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

United States ......... 16.0 2 15.9 2 15.8 2 15.6 2 3,166,391 2 49,315,842 2 15.6 2 3,178,142 2 49,292,507 2 15.5 2 3,219,458 2 49,265,572 15.3 2

Alabama ......................... 15.4 3 12.6 14.2 12.8 56,134 743,632 13.2 50,420 744,865 14.8 47,818 745,668 15.6

Alaska............................. 16.9 17.2 17.1 16.8 7,903 132,608 16.8 7,613 131,029 17.2 7,927 130,662 16.5

Arizona ........................... 19.8 21.3 21.3 21.3 52,625 1,068,249 20.3 54,032 1,087,447 20.1 54,696 1,087,817 19.9

Arkansas......................... 14.1 14.7 14.8 14.4 35,089 476,409 13.6 33,882 479,016 14.1 37,162 478,965 12.9

California ........................ 20.6 3 21.1 3 21.1 3 20.8 3 307,366 3 6,406,750 3 20.8 3 305,230 3 6,343,471 3 20.8 3 303,647 3 6,322,528 20.8 3

Colorado ......................... 17.3 16.9 17.0 17.0 46,973 794,026 16.9 47,761 801,867 16.8 48,692 818,443 16.8

Connecticut..................... 13.7 13.6 14.9 14.5 39,115 575,100 14.7 39,304 570,626 14.5 48,463 567,198 11.7

Delaware......................... 15.4 15.2 15.2 15.1 8,038 122,254 15.2 8,198 122,574 15.0 8,322 125,430 15.1

District of Columbia ........ 13.9 13.8 14.2 14.0 4 5,383 4 72,850 13.5 4 6,347 78,422 12.4 5,321 68,681 12.9

Florida............................. 18.4 17.9 17.0 16.8 162,851 2,671,513 16.4 168,737 2,666,811 15.8 186,361 2,631,020 14.1

Georgia........................... 15.9 15.7 14.8 14.7 113,597 1,629,157 14.3 116,857 1,649,589 14.1 118,839 1,655,792 13.9

Hawaii............................. 16.9 16.5 16.4 16.3 11,271 180,728 16.0 11,397 179,897 15.8 11,295 179,478 15.9

Idaho............................... 17.9 17.9 17.9 18.0 14,770 267,380 18.1 15,013 272,119 18.1 15,148 275,051 18.2

Illinois.............................. 16.1 16.5 16.0 15.8 140,988 2,118,276 15.0 136,571 2,112,805 15.5 135,704 2,119,707 15.6

Indiana............................ 16.7 16.9 16.9 17.1 61,346 1,045,940 17.0 62,334 1,046,766 16.8 62,668 1,046,147 16.7

Iowa ................................ 14.3 13.8 13.8 13.7 35,653 483,122 13.6 36,089 485,115 13.4 35,961 487,559 13.6

Kansas............................ 14.4 14.4 14.2 13.9 35,297 469,506 13.3 35,359 468,295 13.2 35,883 471,060 13.1

Kentucky ......................... 16.8 16.1 16.3 16.0 43,371 683,152 15.8 43,536 666,225 15.3 43,451 670,030 15.4

Louisiana ........................ 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 45,951 675,851 16.6 48,610 681,038 16.6 49,377 684,873 16.6

Maine.............................. 12.5 11.5 11.9 11.7 16,826 193,986 11.5 16,558 196,245 11.9 15,912 192,935 12.1

Maryland......................... 16.3 15.7 15.7 15.2 58,443 851,640 14.6 59,320 845,700 14.3 58,940 843,861 14.3

Massachusetts................ 14.5 13.6 13.3 13.2 73,157 968,661 13.2 70,719 962,958 13.6 70,398 958,910 13.6

Michigan ......................... 17.7 3 18.1 17.4 17.8 98,037 1,722,656 17.6 96,204 1,692,739 17.6 94,754 1,659,921 17.5

Minnesota ....................... 16.0 16.3 16.1 16.4 51,880 840,565 16.2 52,975 837,578 15.8 53,083 836,048 15.7

Mississippi ...................... 16.1 15.1 15.8 15.7 32,351 495,026 15.3 33,560 494,122 14.7 33,358 491,962 14.7

Missouri .......................... 14.1 13.9 13.8 13.7 67,521 920,353 13.6 68,430 917,188 13.4 68,015 917,871 13.5

Montana.......................... 14.9 14.4 14.3 14.0 10,398 144,418 13.9 10,519 142,823 13.6 9,570 141,899 14.8

Nebraska ........................ 13.6 13.6 13.5 13.4 21,459 287,580 13.4 21,930 291,244 13.3 20,258 292,590 14.4

Nevada ........................... 18.6 19.0 19.1 19.0 22,908 424,766 18.5 23,423 429,362 18.3 21,993 433,371 19.7

New Hampshire .............. 14.5 13.7 13.5 13.2 15,515 203,572 13.1 15,484 200,772 13.0 15,661 197,934 12.6

New Jersey ..................... 13.3 12.7 12.1 12.4 112,301 1,388,850 12.4 111,500 1,382,348 12.4 114,713 1,381,420 12.0

New Mexico .................... 15.2 15.0 15.0 14.8 22,016 328,220 14.9 22,300 329,040 14.8 22,825 330,245 14.5

New York......................... 13.9 13.3 13.0 12.9 218,879 2,809,649 12.8 211,854 2,765,435 13.1 217,944 2,740,592 12.6

North Carolina ................ 15.5 15.1 15.0 14.8 112,304 1,444,481 12.9 106,562 1,489,492 14.0 109,634 1,488,645 13.6

North Dakota .................. 13.4 12.7 12.5 12.3 8,007 96,670 12.1 8,068 95,059 11.8 8,181 94,728 11.6

Ohio ................................ 15.5 15.2 15.6 15.6 110,459 1,836,722 16.6 109,766 1,827,184 16.6 112,845 1,817,163 16.1

Oklahoma ....................... 15.1 16.0 15.6 15.2 42,206 639,391 15.1 46,735 642,065 13.7 46,571 645,108 13.9

Oregon............................ 19.4 20.6 20.1 19.5 29,940 562,574 18.8 30,013 565,586 18.8 30,152 575,393 19.1

Pennsylvania................... 15.5 15.2 15.1 15.0 123,114 1,871,060 15.2 135,234 1,801,971 13.3 129,708 1,775,029 13.7

Rhode Island .................. 14.8 13.4 13.3 10.8 11,381 151,612 13.3 11,271 147,629 13.1 11,316 145,342 12.8

South Carolina................ 14.9 15.3 15.0 14.6 49,284 708,021 14.4 47,382 712,317 15.0 49,941 718,113 14.4

South Dakota.................. 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.4 9,070 121,158 13.4 9,416 121,606 12.9 9,244 126,429 13.7

Tennessee ...................... 15.9 3 15.7 3 15.7 3 16.0 62,176 978,368 15.7 64,659 964,259 14.9 64,926 971,950 15.0

Texas .............................. 14.8 15.0 15.0 15.0 311,649 4,599,509 14.8 321,929 4,674,832 14.5 327,905 4,752,148 14.5

Utah ................................ 21.9 22.4 22.6 3 22.1 23,640 523,386 22.1 24,336 576,244 23.7 23,657 559,778 23.7

Vermont .......................... 12.1 11.3 11.3 10.9 8,859 95,399 10.8 8,749 94,038 10.7 8,766 93,625 10.7

Virginia............................ 13.2 3 13.2 12.9 11.7 79,688 1,220,440 15.3 71,861 1,230,857 17.1 71,415 1,235,795 17.3

Washington..................... 19.7 19.3 19.2 19.3 53,743 1,026,774 19.1 53,960 1,030,247 19.1 54,428 1,037,018 19.1

West Virginia................... 13.7 14.0 14.0 14.1 19,633 281,939 14.4 20,306 282,535 13.9 20,209 282,729 14.0

Wisconsin ....................... 14.6 15.1 14.3 14.6 59,089 876,700 14.8 58,914 874,633 14.8 59,401 873,750 14.7

Wyoming......................... 13.3 13.3 12.7 12.6 6,737 85,193 12.6 6,915 86,422 12.5 7,000 87,161 12.5

Bureau of Indian 

Education.................. — — — — — — — — — — — — —

DoD, overseas ................ 14.4 15.0 14.0 10.9 5,204 60,891 11.7 4,147 57,247 13.8 4,551 56,768 12.5

DoD, domestic ................ 14.2 13.3 14.6 13.9 2,033 26,631 13.1 2,243 27,548 12.3 2,145 28,013 13.1

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........ 19.1 16.1 17.1 16.6 971 16,400 16.9 — — — — — —

Guam .......................... 16.4 17.9 18.3 17.2 — — — — — — — ——

Northern Marianas...... 19.0 20.4 20.0 19.1 579 11,695 20.2 550 11,299 20.5 514 10,913 21.2

Puerto Rico................. 16.3 13.8 13.4 13.4 40,163 544,138 13.5 40,826 526,565 12.9 39,356 503,635 12.8

U.S. Virgin Islands....... 12.9 11.7 10.6 11.7 1,531 16,284 10.6 1,518 15,903 10.5 1,331 15,768 11.8
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met. 1Teachers with less than a bachelor’s degree are not shown separately. 2Elementary teachers are those who taught self-contained classes at the elementary level, and secondary teachers are thosewho taught departmentalized classes (e.g., science, art, social science, or other course subjects) at the secondary level.

Teachers were classified as elementary or secondary on the basis of the grades they taught, rather than on the level of theschool in which they taught.

3Includes certificate of advanced graduate studies. NOTE: Data are based on a head count of all teachers rather than on the nuin other tables. Excludes prekindergarten teachers. Standard errors appear because of rounding, cell suppression, and omitted categories (less than bacSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public Teacher Questionnaire,” 2007–08. (This table was prepared Septemb

Table 71. Highest degree earned, years of full-time teaching experience, and average class size for teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by staState

Total number

of teachers

(in thousands)

Percent of teachers, by highest degree earned1 Percent of teachers, by years of full-time teaching experience 

Bachelor’s Master’s

Education

specialist3 Doctor’s Less than 3 3 to 9 10 to 20 Ov

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

United States ................ 3,404.5 (43.98) 47.4 (0.59) 44.5 (0.55) 6.4 (0.25) 0.9 (0.08) 13.4 (0.59) 33.6 (0.52) 29.3 (0.55) 23.7 

Alabama ................................ 53.2 (3.03) 44.3 (3.32) 46.9 (2.84) 6.9 (1.15) 0.6 (0.24) 14.4 (1.40) 31.3 (1.85) 36.1 (2.36) 18.2 

Alaska.................................... 8.1 (1.00) 56.3 (3.04) 36.3 (2.72) 5.4 (0.98) 0.7 (0.27) 12.0 (1.33) 27.5 (2.54) 39.7 (2.74) 20.7 Arizona .................................. 66.5 (4.13) 49.1 (2.67) 41.6 (2.56) 7.1 (1.30) 0.7 (0.38) 21.0 (2.63) 34.6 (2.62) 26.1 (2.22) 18.4 Arkansas................................ 35.8 (1.30) 58.6 (2.67) 34.1 (2.26) 5.3 (1.06) 0.2 (0.14) 10.7 (1.31) 25.7 (1.91) 32.1 (2.20) 31.6 

California ............................... 310.0 (17.05) 52.7 (1.94) 34.3 (1.77) 10.2 (1.16) 1.9 (0.43) 13.5 (1.41) 35.9 (1.70) 30.3 (1.51) 20.3 

Colorado ................................ 50.1 (2.19) 42.9 (2.61) 48.4 (2.54) 6.9 (1.41) 1.4 (0.56) 17.2 (1.73) 37.9 (2.55) 28.1 (2.54) 16.8 

Connecticut............................ 50.1 (2.85) 19.2 (1.88) 64.3 (1.94) 15.0 (1.72) 0.9 (0.42) 12.2 (1.26) 29.7 (2.19) 31.1 (2.18) 27.1 

Delaware................................ 8.3 (0.59) 38.2 (3.13) 53.0 (3.05) 6.2 (1.79) 1.2 (0.70) 10.6 (2.42) 43.3 (4.14) 27.9 (3.25) 18.2 District of Columbia ............... 4.4 (0.39) 41.3 (3.83) 45.3 (3.96) 7.1 (1.93) 5.9 (1.64) 20.0 (3.26) 29.9 (3.61) 24.6 (2.84) 25.5 

Florida.................................... 177.2 (9.43) 60.9 (2.40) 34.1 (2.42) 3.1 (0.76) 1.1 (0.52) 14.8 (1.66) 35.0 (2.24) 27.4 (2.11) 22.8 

Georgia.................................. 121.9 (5.22) 38.8 (2.65) 43.4 (2.67) 15.0 (1.97) 2.3 (0.77) 10.3 (1.92) 32.4 (3.27) 35.9 (3.70) 21.4 Hawaii.................................... 12.8 (1.44) 46.9 (3.40) 32.6 (3.23) 17.7 (2.56) 1.4 (1.25) 18.6 (3.61) 34.3 (3.63) 28.6 (3.07) 18.6 Idaho...................................... 16.2 (1.32) 66.1 (2.57) 29.7 (2.38) 2.7 (0.91) 0.8 (0.60) 12.5 (1.20) 31.0 (2.46) 33.6 (2.42) 22.8 Illinois..................................... 145.0 (5.62) 45.5 (2.39) 49.8 (2.35) 4.0 (0.93) 0.3 (0.19) 13.4 (1.43) 35.6 (2.32) 29.3 (1.82) 21.6 

Indiana................................... 68.4 (2.99) 37.4 (2.78) 57.0 (2.92) 4.9 (1.34) 0.4 (0.21) 9.2 (1.37) 32.3 (2.26) 29.1 (2.14) 29.4 Iowa ....................................... 39.6 (2.67) 59.8 (2.51) 37.9 (2.54) 1.4 (0.62) ‡ (†) 11.4 (1.44) 30.5 (2.38) 29.9 (2.34) 28.2 Kansas................................... 37.7 (2.13) 53.0 (2.69) 41.8 (2.72) 4.7 (1.16) 0.2 (0.17) 13.0 (1.95) 30.2 (2.35) 27.2 (2.65) 29.6 Kentucky ................................ 44.4 (2.88) 20.9 (2.22) 57.5 (3.42) 18.9 (2.47) 0.7 (0.31) 10.2 (1.59) 35.5 (2.90) 30.1 (3.53) 24.2 

Louisiana ............................... 48.1 (3.63) 71.9 (2.34) 23.5 (2.18) 3.7 (0.86) 0.4 (0.16) 12.7 (1.94) 33.3 (2.08) 27.6 (2.54) 26.3 

Maine..................................... 17.8 (0.81) 54.4 (2.57) 37.9 (2.45) 5.1 (0.95) 0.6 (0.21) 12.3 (2.19) 27.0 (2.17) 31.5 (3.38) 29.1 

Maryland................................ 59.9 (3.67) 42.6 (3.60) 47.0 (3.56) 8.2 (1.94) 1.5 (0.64) 12.0 (2.05) 37.1 (2.80) 26.2 (2.83) 24.8 

Massachusetts....................... 80.4 (2.91) 30.6 (2.73) 62.0 (2.99) 5.6 (1.19) 0.7 (0.36) 11.1 (1.58) 39.9 (2.66) 27.2 (2.63) 21.8 

Michigan ................................ 98.3 (6.60) 37.2 (2.81) 57.6 (2.56) 4.4 (1.34) 0.3 (0.22) 9.4 (1.66) 32.5 (2.69) 36.3 (3.06) 21.8 

Minnesota .............................. 64.0 (5.32) 41.6 (2.00) 51.4 (2.11) 6.1 (1.09) 0.8 (0.34) 12.7 (1.61) 28.5 (2.28) 35.3 (2.25) 23.6 

Mississippi ............................. 35.5 (1.49) 56.6 (2.34) 37.2 (2.29) 4.2 (0.89) 0.7 (0.24) 17.1 (1.42) 31.8 (2.00) 26.1 (1.90) 25.1 

Missouri ................................. 73.3 (3.52) 47.2 (3.34) 47.5 (2.90) 3.9 (1.18) 0.6 (0.45) 13.3 (1.57) 34.2 (2.43) 31.6 (2.80) 20.8 

Montana................................. 12.7 (0.58) 62.8 (2.34) 33.4 (2.19) 3.5 (1.06) ‡ (†) 11.0 (1.70) 26.9 (2.23) 28.8 (2.31) 33.3 Nebraska ............................... 23.2 (1.18) 53.1 (2.42) 44.2 (2.42) 2.0 (0.70) ‡ (†) 11.4 (1.52) 24.2 (1.79) 30.2 (2.10) 34.2 

Nevada .................................. 23.7 (0.88) 41.5 (2.67) 49.5 (2.58) 7.5 (1.68) 1.0 (1.25) 15.6 (2.01) 37.3 (3.01) 27.8 (3.10) 19.4 

New Hampshire ..................... 17.4 (0.70) 49.4 (2.60) 45.4 (2.51) 4.5 (1.08) ‡ (†) 13.3 (2.12) 31.7 (2.33) 29.1 (2.85) 26.0 

New Jersey ............................ 124.5 (8.59) 55.8 (3.56) 36.5 (3.11) 6.3 (1.78) 1.4 (0.52) 12.3 (1.91) 40.8 (3.16) 22.8 (2.58) 24.1 New Mexico ........................... 22.7 (1.44) 53.0 (2.73) 39.5 (2.74) 5.4 (1.48) 1.5 (0.80) 13.3 (1.86) 35.6 (2.81) 29.6 (2.76) 21.5 

New York................................ 228.1 (17.70) 11.8 (1.61) 77.6 (2.19) 8.9 (1.62) 1.1 (0.49) 12.8 (1.67) 38.0 (2.69) 28.5 (2.78) 20.6 

North Carolina ....................... 96.0 (4.48) 64.6 (3.22) 28.0 (2.88) 5.4 (1.22) 0.4 (0.26) 15.6 (1.74) 37.3 (2.93) 25.0 (3.08) 22.0 

North Dakota ......................... 8.9 (1.62) 68.2 (2.27) 28.1 (2.38) 2.8 (1.21) ‡ (†) 12.0 (1.64) 23.3 (1.80) 30.0 (2.53) 34.7 

Ohio ....................................... 134.3 (12.04) 31.9 (2.84) 62.3 (2.78) 3.7 (0.93) 0.7 (0.50) 12.1 (2.33) 29.9 (2.69) 31.6 (2.88) 26.3 Oklahoma .............................. 46.5 (2.03) 66.5 (1.82) 28.9 (2.15) 2.9 (0.65) 0.7 (0.35) 10.9 (1.12) 31.4 (1.79) 30.7 (1.65) 27.0 

Oregon................................... 31.7 (1.57) 37.0 (3.13) 52.3 (3.14) 9.0 (1.33) 1.2 (0.68) 18.0 (2.00) 31.5 (2.76) 29.5 (2.18) 21.0 

Pennsylvania.......................... 136.9 (8.48) 45.3 (2.27) 45.2 (2.19) 8.0 (1.15) ‡ (†) 12.5 (1.32) 33.6 (3.02) 26.7 (2.09) 27.2 Rhode Island ......................... 13.2 (0.69) 44.7 (4.09) 48.7 (4.66) 5.7 (1.54) ‡ (†) 7.7 (2.09) 37.0 (3.30) 32.2 (3.31) 23.1 

South Carolina....................... 49.0 (1.25) 40.9 (2.53) 52.1 (2.76) 5.1 (1.17) 0.5 (0.26) 12.8 (1.39) 31.5 (2.53) 27.3 (2.18) 28.5 

South Dakota......................... 10.6 (1.09) 66.8 (2.39) 30.9 (2.39) 1.1 (0.47) 0.8 (0.52) 11.4 (1.47) 23.7 (2.45) 32.5 (2.16) 32.4 

Tennessee ............................. 67.1 (3.23) 44.9 (2.96) 43.0 (2.75) 9.3 (1.61) 0.9 (0.57) 13.6 (1.86) 28.8 (2.74) 30.8 (2.83) 26.8 Texas ..................................... 340.4 (22.28) 70.1 (2.33) 26.3 (2.29) 2.5 (0.71) 0.6 (0.22) 17.1 (1.95) 31.2 (2.18) 27.7 (2.41) 24.0 

Utah ....................................... 27.2 (3.01) 61.1 (3.34) 30.3 (3.14) 6.1 (1.42) 0.5 (0.31) 19.9 (2.38) 32.9 (2.93) 26.0 (2.54) 21.2 Vermont ................................. 10.2 (0.81) 42.6 (3.33) 50.0 (3.46) 5.9 (1.38) 0.5 (0.28) 11.7 (2.24) 30.5 (2.97) 30.5 (2.92) 27.3 

Virginia................................... 94.0 (4.10) 57.4 (2.38) 36.1 (2.12) 4.5 (1.04) 1.0 (0.50) 14.1 (2.08) 32.8 (2.39) 26.6 (2.33) 26.5 Washington............................ 58.1 (3.98) 31.4 (2.45) 60.7 (2.58) 6.4 (1.27) 0.6 (0.25) 14.1 (2.48) 27.8 (2.40) 32.6 (2.88) 25.5 West Virginia.......................... 22.9 (0.88) 39.5 (2.23) 51.6 (1.99) 6.7 (1.14) 0.5 (0.19) 13.1 (1.56) 26.4 (2.15) 23.1 (2.11) 37.4 

Wisconsin .............................. 70.1 (3.21) 44.8 (3.08) 49.3 (3.67) 5.5 (1.41) 0.3 (0.18) 9.8 (1.84) 32.4 (2.32) 31.4 (2.70) 26.4 

Wyoming................................ 7.9 (0.45) 56.0 (2.14) 37.6 (2.19) 5.3 (1.06) 0.6 (0.37) 10.3 (1.21) 27.3 (2.49) 32.5 (2.38) 29.9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 72. Highest degree earned and years of full-time teaching experience for teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected te

2003–04, and 2007–08

Selected characteristic

Number of teachers (in thousands) Percent of teachers, by highest degree earned, 2007–08 Percent of teachers, by 

1999–2000 2003–04 2007–08

Less than

bachelor’s Bachelor’s Master’s

Education

specialist1 Doctor’s Less than 3 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Public schools

Total............................................. 3,002 (19.4) 3,251 (29.2) 3,405 (44.0) 0.8 (0.06) 47.4 (0.59) 44.5 (0.55) 6.4 (0.25) 0.9 (0.08) 13.4 (0.59) 33

Sex

Males ............................................... 754 (10.7) 813 (13.3) 821 (20.4) 2.0 (0.17) 47.0 (1.05) 43.9 (1.04) 5.5 (0.40) 1.6 (0.22) 13.6 (0.87) 33Females ........................................... 2,248 (16.0) 2,438 (23.5) 2,584 (34.6) 0.4 (0.05) 47.5 (0.65) 44.8 (0.63) 6.7 (0.29) 0.7 (0.08) 13.4 (0.57) 33

Race/ethnicity

White................................................ 2,532 (17.2) 2 2,702 (30.1) 2,829 (38.7) 0.7 (0.05) 46.8 (0.66) 45.7 (0.64) 6.0 (0.23) 0.8 (0.09) 13.0 (0.61) 32

Black ................................................ 228 (6.0) 2 257 (11.0) 239 (15.8) 1.0 (0.22) 47.0 (2.04) 41.4 (2.12) 8.7 (1.02) 2.0 (0.45) 13.1 (1.32) 38

Hispanic ........................................... 169 (6.4) 2 202 (11.3) 240 (16.6) 0.9 (0.27) 56.3 (2.60) 34.1 (2.42) 7.7 (1.38) 1.1 (0.34) 18.0 (1.82) 39Asian................................................ 48 (2.7) 3 42 (2.5) 42 (7.2) 3.3 (2.12) 37.7 (5.05) 47.1 (4.62) 10.5 (2.19) 1.5 (0.71) 16.2 (3.46) 41

Pacific Islander................................. — (†) 6 (0.8) 6 (1.3) ‡ (†) 51.7 (9.88) 39.1 (9.95) 5.9 (4.50) 2.3 (3.35) 15.3 (6.70) 48American Indian/Alaska Native........ 26 (1.9) 2 17 (1.2) 17 (1.9) 1.8 (0.73) 56.2 (4.63) 34.1 (4.41) 4.7 (1.76) 3.2 (3.97) 11.8 (2.86) 29

Two or more races ........................... — (†) 24 (2.2) 31 (2.9) 0.6 (0.37) 37.1 (4.67) 52.7 (4.73) 8.9 (2.51) 0.7 (0.56) 21.0 (3.95) 36

Age

Under 30 .......................................... 509 (9.2) 540 (27.4) 612 (22.4) 0.3 (0.07) 70.1 (1.25) 28.0 (1.22) 1.5 (0.25) 0.1 (0.08) 44.1 (1.65) 55

30 to 39............................................ 661 (9.8) 798 (14.5) 898 (16.8) 0.7 (0.15) 46.8 (0.98) 46.1 (1.03) 6.0 (0.50) 0.4 (0.10) 10.3 (0.70) 53

40 to 49............................................ 953 (10.3) 840 (14.3) 808 (19.2) 1.1 (0.14) 43.7 (1.22) 47.3 (1.15) 7.3 (0.61) 0.7 (0.12) 7.4 (0.57) 2550 to 59............................................ 786 (12.6) 942 (26.0) 879 (21.1) 0.9 (0.14) 38.4 (1.06) 50.4 (0.97) 8.7 (0.55) 1.5 (0.25) 3.4 (0.32) 11

60 and over ...................................... 93 (4.0) 131 (4.8) 207 (10.3) 1.1 (0.20) 35.0 (1.96) 51.1 (1.99) 9.6 (1.16) 3.2 (0.62) 2.9 (0.51) 8

Level

Elementary....................................... 1,602 (13.5) 1,716 (25.8) 1,725 (37.1) 0.3 (0.07) 49.0 (0.89) 43.9 (0.79) 6.4 (0.39) 0.5 (0.11) 13.3 (0.87) 32

General ........................................ 1,019 (13.6) 1,130 (29.8) 1,100 (26.5) 0.2 (0.06) 51.8 (1.08) 42.1 (1.05) 5.5 (0.54) 0.4 (0.12) 13.4 (0.84) 33

Arts/music .................................... [4] (†) 101 (5.3) 103 (6.6) 0.1 (0.07) 48.5 (3.68) 43.9 (3.47) 6.5 (1.84) 1.0 (0.61) 14.0 (2.79) 30

English ......................................... 33 (2.8) 70 (5.1) 104 (9.9) 1.2 (0.95) 42.9 (4.56) 45.3 (4.25) 10.6 (1.99) ‡ (†) 8.9 (1.99) 27ESL/bilingual ................................ [4] (†) 25 (3.6) 24 (3.3) ‡ (†) 35.5 (7.63) 44.7 (7.09) 19.1 (5.84) ‡ (†) 19.1 (5.58) 29Health/physical ed........................ [4] (†) 73 (5.0) 63 (6.0) 0.4 (0.30) 54.3 (3.91) 40.5 (3.72) 4.5 (1.69) ‡ (†) 15.9 (3.15) 30

Mathematics................................. 26 (2.5) 19 (2.3) 28 (3.8) ‡ (†) 49.1 (9.51) 44.4 (9.09) 4.3 (2.11) ‡ (†) 14.5 (5.40) 23Science ........................................ [4] (†) 19 (3.0) 15 (3.4) ‡ (†) 58.0 (9.34) 34.0 (7.93) 7.4 (6.78) ‡ (†) 13.1 (6.10) 31

Special education......................... 210 (5.8) 240 (20.6) 230 (13.0) 0.2 (0.17) 42.1 (2.17) 51.1 (2.23) 5.9 (0.79) 0.7 (0.32) 12.4 (1.74) 36

Other elementary ......................... 314 (8.4) 40 (3.5) 58 (4.2) 0.2 (0.18) 32.1 (3.71) 52.6 (3.69) 14.3 (3.38) ‡ (†) 16.6 (3.28) 25

Secondary........................................ 1,401 (17.7) 1,534 (26.0) 1,680 (39.0) 1.3 (0.10) 45.7 (0.74) 45.2 (0.73) 6.5 (0.29) 1.3 (0.12) 13.6 (0.46) 34

Arts/music .................................... [5] (†) 112 (4.1) 121 (6.2) 0.5 (0.23) 48.7 (2.08) 46.1 (2.14) 3.8 (0.81) 1.0 (0.42) 14.4 (1.86) 27

English ......................................... 235 (5.0) 269 (9.0) 306 (10.0) 0.2 (0.06) 46.7 (1.64) 45.0 (1.50) 7.1 (0.68) 1.1 (0.23) 14.0 (1.05) 37ESL/bilingual ................................ [5] (†) 18 (2.5) 21 (2.5) ‡ (†) 38.3 (5.62) 52.2 (5.89) 7.1 (2.62) 2.4 (1.37) 13.8 (3.33) 38

Foreign language ......................... [5] (†) 73 (3.3) 78 (5.0) 0.6 (0.28) 45.7 (2.86) 45.2 (2.93) 6.9 (1.04) 1.6 (0.56) 14.3 (1.59) 36

Health/physical ed........................ [5] (†) 102 (4.3) 119 (5.7) 0.5 (0.25) 57.5 (1.93) 37.2 (1.91) 4.7 (0.91) 0.1 (0.09) 10.6 (1.32) 34Mathematics................................. 191 (4.3) 213 (5.5) 252 (9.1) 0.2 (0.11) 46.6 (1.59) 46.6 (1.59) 5.6 (0.77) 1.1 (0.31) 13.9 (1.17) 36

Science ........................................ 159 (3.7) 189 (6.8) 195 (8.3) 0.4 (0.17) 42.7 (1.78) 49.3 (1.61) 5.5 (0.65) 2.1 (0.43) 14.9 (1.34) 33Social studies............................... 147 (4.3) 178 (5.7) 209 (9.9) 0.6 (0.22) 45.6 (1.86) 45.4 (1.84) 6.6 (1.10) 1.8 (0.41) 12.9 (0.97) 37

Special education......................... 99 (2.3) 174 (7.5) 165 (9.7) 0.2 (0.14) 39.5 (1.95) 49.3 (1.83) 9.9 (1.15) 1.1 (0.61) 12.8 (1.81) 34Vocational/technical ..................... 125 (3.2) 169 (5.7) 164 (6.3) 8.9 (0.72) 45.2 (1.43) 38.9 (1.45) 5.8 (0.71) 1.1 (0.39) 14.5 (1.30) 29

Other secondary .......................... 443 (8.5) 36 (2.1) 47 (3.4) 6.1 (1.00) 36.5 (3.24) 45.5 (3.71) 10.5 (2.04) 1.4 (0.52) 10.2 (1.66) 32

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met. 1Includes certificate of advanced graduate studies. 2Data for 1999–2000 are only roughly comparable to data for later years, because the new category of two or more races wasintroduced in 2003–04.3Includes Pacific Islander.4Included under other elementary.

5Included under other secondary.NOTE: Excludes prekindergarten teachers. Data are based on a head count othe number of full-time-equivalent teachers reported in other tables. Detail masuppression. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public Teacher Questionnaire,” 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08; “Private and 2007–08; and “Charter Teacher Questionnaire,” 1999–2000. (This table w

Private schools

Total............................................. 449 (10.6) 467 (10.3) 490 (9.2) 8.1 (0.58) 53.9 (0.95) 32.8 (0.84) 2.8 (0.25) 2.4 (0.38) 23.6 (0.99) 31

Sex

Males ............................................... 107 (3.8) 110 (8.4) 127 (4.6) 7.1 (1.40) 45.7 (2.07) 37.6 (2.11) 4.2 (0.67) 5.4 (1.22) 24.1 (2.15) 29

Females ........................................... 342 (7.7) 357 (14.3) 362 (7.7) 8.5 (0.60) 56.8 (1.09) 31.1 (0.85) 2.4 (0.28) 1.3 (0.27) 23.5 (0.86) 31

Race/ethnicity

White................................................ 402 (9.6) 2 411 (12.0) 423 (8.8) 7.1 (0.73) 53.5 (1.15) 34.2 (0.95) 2.9 (0.29) 2.4 (0.41) 22.5 (0.97) 30

Black ................................................ 17 (1.4) 2 19 (2.9) 20 (2.2) 20.1 (3.60) 55.3 (4.05) 22.2 (3.56) 1.6 (0.72) ‡ (†) 30.2 (3.60) 40

Hispanic ........................................... 21 (1.5) 2 23 (3.1) 29 (2.1) 15.2 (2.32) 59.3 (3.70) 20.9 (2.58) 3.7 (1.29) 0.9 (0.49) 31.9 (4.70) 29

Asian................................................ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 11 (1.5) 7.2 (3.04) 50.3 (5.40) 33.0 (5.93) 2.9 (1.52) 6.6 (4.81) 28.6 (5.50) 34

Pacific Islander................................. — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

American Indian/Alaska Native........ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) Two or more races ........................... — (†) ‡ (†) 4 (0.6) ‡ (†) 55.7 (9.60) 31.7 (8.87) 5.1 (2.81) ‡ (†) 23.6 (8.41) 34

Age

Under 30 .......................................... 87 (3.1) 88 (3.7) 80 (3.9) 11.5 (1.52) 68.3 (1.86) 19.1 (1.41) 1.2 (0.48) ‡ (†) 55.5 (1.90) 44

30 to 39............................................ 101 (3.2) 103 (5.8) 109 (5.2) 9.2 (1.76) 52.9 (2.48) 33.7 (1.95) 2.3 (0.64) 1.9 (0.55) 24.4 (2.76) 4940 to 49............................................ 131 (4.2) 119 (7.1) 116 (3.6) 9.1 (0.85) 54.4 (1.90) 30.1 (1.45) 2.9 (0.51) 3.5 (1.21) 20.4 (1.56) 3050 to 59............................................ 106 (3.2) 121 (11.1) 128 (4.5) 5.7 (0.85) 49.8 (1.59) 39.8 (1.53) 2.7 (0.53) 2.0 (0.49) 13.2 (1.12) 1760 and over ...................................... 25 (1.2) 37 (4.7) 56 (3.1) 4.9 (1.00) 43.6 (2.66) 39.9 (2.85) 6.5 (1.18) 5.1 (1.47) 7.2 (1.26) 7

Level

Elementary....................................... 261 (5.8) 263 (17.5) 258 (6.5) 10.8 (0.71) 59.3 (1.23) 27.3 (0.96) 2.1 (0.37) 0.4 (0.16) 23.0 (0.83) 31

General ........................................ 168 (4.0) 174 (17.1) 163 (3.9) 10.4 (1.05) 61.6 (1.32) 26.6 (1.40) 1.1 (0.30) 0.3 (0.16) 18.5 (0.99) 30

Arts/music .................................... [4] (†) 21 (2.5) 20 (1.6) 14.7 (2.49) 54.5 (3.62) 27.4 (3.57) 2.8 (1.29) ‡ (†) 42.9 (3.81) 25

English ......................................... [4] (†) 8 (1.1) 13 (1.2) 8.3 (2.22) 56.8 (5.08) 27.2 (4.34) 6.7 (3.39) ‡ (†) 21.0 (3.83) 33Health/physical ed........................ [4] (†) 14 (1.8) 14 (1.7) 8.9 (2.32) 71.6 (5.66) 16.8 (5.79) 1.8 (1.26) ‡ (†) 32.3 (4.36) 37Mathematics................................. [4] (†) 6 (0.7) 7 (1.0) 13.4 (4.23) 48.7 (6.95) 31.9 (7.01) 4.9 (2.46) ‡ (†) 26.3 (5.59) 30Science ........................................ [4] (†) 5 (0.8) 6 (0.8) 3.8 (3.86) 56.4 (9.12) 37.6 (8.41) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 15.1 (6.17) 31

Special education......................... 16 (1.6) 12 (2.3) 9 (1.0) ‡ (†) 53.1 (6.27) 38.4 (6.47) 7.7 (3.40) ‡ (†) 23.2 (5.26) 32Other elementary ......................... 77 (2.2) 24 (3.5) 27 (2.3) 16.1 (2.36) 49.5 (3.65) 30.5 (3.74) 3.4 (1.23) ‡ (†) 32.5 (2.87) 35

Secondary........................................ 188 (6.2) 204 (13.4) 231 (7.1) 5.2 (0.91) 47.8 (1.42) 38.9 (1.37) 3.6 (0.49) 4.5 (0.80) 24.3 (1.76) 31

Arts/music .................................... [5] (†) 18 (1.9) 19 (1.8) 10.5 (2.35) 47.4 (4.54) 35.2 (5.13) 2.8 (1.83) 4.1 (2.40) 29.5 (3.88) 29

English ......................................... 33 (1.7) 38 (2.8) 39 (2.8) 3.4 (0.85) 51.3 (3.01) 39.2 (3.09) 2.7 (0.88) 3.3 (2.20) 23.3 (2.18) 29

Foreign language ......................... [5] (†) 18 (2.1) 22 (2.6) 4.6 (1.79) 45.7 (5.15) 40.3 (4.79) 3.2 (1.39) 6.1 (3.50) 28.5 (4.64) 34

Health/physical ed........................ [5] (†) 9 (1.0) 12 (1.8) 4.5 (2.80) 59.9 (7.33) 33.7 (7.48) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 27.5 (5.72) 30

Mathematics................................. 33 (1.6) 31 (3.2) 36 (2.6) 4.9 (1.50) 52.0 (4.38) 37.7 (4.10) 2.9 (1.09) 2.4 (1.22) 21.5 (2.89) 26Science ........................................ 23 (1.3) 27 (1.8) 31 (1.9) ‡ (†) 48.4 (3.31) 40.0 (3.21) 3.8 (1.22) 7.7 (2.32) 22.5 (3.04) 33

Social studies............................... 19 (1.1) 27 (2.4) 31 (2.6) 1.9 (1.17) 44.3 (4.58) 41.2 (4.50) 5.7 (1.49) 6.8 (2.53) 23.0 (4.76) 28Special education......................... 7 (1.0) 7 (1.5) 6 (1.0) ‡ (†) 53.8 (8.31) 36.9 (7.74) 5.3 (3.13) ‡ (†) 15.9 (5.41) 45Vocational/technical ..................... 4 (0.6) 5 (0.9) 5 (0.8) 13.7 (5.38) 49.2 (8.80) 36.2 (8.52) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 29.6 (8.18) 27

Other secondary .......................... 69 (2.6) 24 (2.7) 29 (2.3) 13.5 (5.75) 35.5 (4.22) 41.1 (4.40) 5.1 (2.13) 4.8 (1.62) 24.6 (5.80) 34

Table 72. Highest degree earned and years of full-time teaching experience for teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected te

2003–04, and 2007–08—Continued

Selected characteristic

Number of teachers (in thousands) Percent of teachers, by highest degree earned, 2007–08 Percent of teachers, by 

1999–2000 2003–04 2007–08

Less than

bachelor’s Bachelor’s Master’s

Education

specialist1 Doctor’s Less than 3 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 113

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available

1Includes education specialist or professional diploma based on 6 years of college study.

2Measured in semester hours.

3Includes extra pay for extra duties.

4Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of public school teachers. See Appendix A:

Guide to Sources for information on interpreting data from this survey. Data differ from figures appearing in other tables because of varying survey processing procedures and time

period coverages. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Status of the American Public School Teacher,

selected years, 1960–61 through 2005–06. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 73. Selected characteristics of public school teachers: Selected years, spring 1961 through spring 2006

Selected characteristic 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Number of teachers (in thousands) ........................................... 1,408 1,710 2,055 2,196 2,185 2,206 2,398 2,164 2,979 3,588

Sex (percent)

Male ....................................................................................... 31.3 31.1 34.3 32.9 33.1 31.2 27.9 25.6 21.0 29.9

Female................................................................................... 68.7 68.9 65.7 67.1 66.9 68.8 72.1 74.4 79.0 70.1

Median age (years)

All teachers ............................................................................ 41 36 35 33 37 41 42 44 46 46

Males ................................................................................. 34 33 33 33 38 42 43 46 47 44

Females ............................................................................. 46 40 37 33 36 41 42 44 45 47

Marital status (percent)

Single..................................................................................... 22.3 22.0 19.5 20.1 18.5 12.9 11.7 12.4 15.2 13.2

Married................................................................................... 68.0 69.1 71.9 71.3 73.0 75.7 75.7 75.9 73.1 73.1

Widowed, divorced, or separated........................................... 9.7 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.5 11.4 12.6 11.8 11.7 13.8

Highest degree held (percent)

Less than bachelor’s .............................................................. 14.6 7.0 2.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.0

Bachelor’s .............................................................................. 61.9 69.6 69.6 61.6 50.1 48.3 46.3 43.6 43.1 37.2

Master’s or specialist degree1 ................................................ 23.1 23.2 27.1 37.1 49.3 50.7 52.6 54.5 56.0 60.4

Doctor’s.................................................................................. 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 1.7 0.8 1.4

College credits earned in last 3 years

Percent who earned credits ................................................... — — 60.7 63.2 56.1 53.1 50.3 50.2 46.3 55.7

Mean number of credits earned2 ........................................... — — 14 — 9 4 4 — — —

Full-time teaching experience (percent)

1 year..................................................................................... 8.0 9.1 9.1 5.5 1.6 2.5 2.8 2.1 3.1 1.8

2–4 years ............................................................................... 19.5 23.7 23.3 21.8 11.9 6.9 10.9 11.9 15.2 11.3

5–9 years ............................................................................... 19.4 21.7 24.0 28.9 26.2 17.7 16.3 16.6 19.1 20.7

10–14 years ........................................................................... 15.1 14.2 15.6 17.3 23.0 22.3 17.2 16.9 13.3 15.8

15–19 years ........................................................................... 10.4 9.8 9.7 12.5 15.4 23.1 18.2 14.3 11.5 14.3

20 years or more.................................................................... 27.6 21.4 18.3 14.1 21.9 27.7 34.7 38.1 37.8 36.0

Median years of full-time teaching experience .......................... 11 8 8 8 12 15 15 15 14 15

Average number of pupils per class

Elementary teachers, not departmentalized .......................... 29 28 27 25 25 24 23 24 21 22

Secondary and departmentalized elementary teachers ........ 27 27 27 25 23 26 26 31 28 29

Average number of students taught per day by secondary and 

departmentalized elementary teachers ............................... — 132 135 127 118 97 93 97 86 87

Average number of hours in required school day ...................... 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4

Average number of hours per week spent on all teaching duties All teachers ............................................................................ 47 47 47 46 46 49 47 49 50 52

Elementary teachers .......................................................... 49 47 46 44 44 47 44 47 49 52

Secondary teachers........................................................... 46 48 48 48 48 51 50 52 52 53

Average number of days of classroom teaching in school year. — 181 181 180 180 180 180 180 181 181

Average number of nonteaching days in school year ................ — 54565567 7

Average annual salary as classroom teacher (current dollars).. $5,264 3 $6,253 $9,261 $12,005 $17,209 $24,504 $31,790 $35,549 $43,262 $49,482

Average annual salary as classroom teacher (in constant 

2008–09 dollars4

) ................................................................ 37,982 42,066 50,043 46,467 42,644 48,338 50,957 49,391 53,038 53,378

Average total income, including spouse’s (if married) (current 

dollars)................................................................................. — — 15,021 19,957 29,831 43,413 55,491 63,171 77,739 87,630

Average total income, including spouse’s (if married) (in 

constant 2008–09 dollars4).................................................. — — 81,167 77,246 73,922 85,639 88,948 87,768 95,306 94,529

Willingness to teach again (percent)

Certainly would ...................................................................... 49.9 52.6 44.9 37.5 21.8 22.7 28.6 32.1 31.7 38.2

Probably would ...................................................................... 26.9 25.4 29.5 26.1 24.6 26.3 30.5 30.5 28.7 27.3

Chances about even .............................................................. 12.5 12.9 13.0 17.5 17.6 19.8 18.5 17.3 18.4 16.1

Probably would not ................................................................ 7.9 7.1 8.9 13.4 24.0 22.0 17.0 15.8 15.7 12.7

Certainly would not ................................................................ 2.8 2.0 3.7 5.6 12.0 9.3 5.4 4.3 5.6 5.8
114 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Education specialist degrees or certificates are generally awarded for 1 year’s work

beyond the master’s level. 

2Data may sum to more than 100 percent because (1) a teacher who reported more than

one major is represented in more than one field of study and (2) a teacher with multiple

degrees in different fields of study is represented in more than one field of study. 

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Schools

and Staffing Survey (SASS), “Public Teacher Questionnaire,” 2007–08. (This table was

prepared October 2009.)

Table 74. Percentage of public school teachers of grades 9 through 12, by field of main teaching assignment and selected demographic and 

educational characteristics: 2007–08

Teacher characteristic Total

Field of main teaching assignment

Arts and

music

English or

language

arts

Foreign

languages

Health and

physical

education Mathematics

Natural

sciences

Social

sciences

Special

education

Vocational/

technical All other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12

Number of teachers 

(in thousands).................. 1,082.3 (27.39) 81.1 (3.53) 172.2 (7.55) 64.2 (3.54) 72.1 (3.75) 144.8 (5.73) 125.1 (6.14) 123.9 (5.31) 110.1 (4.91) 138.4 (4.90) 50.6 (3.27)

 Total............................ 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

Sex

Male ................................... 42.0 (0.64) 43.6 (2.02) 24.6 (1.28) 21.3 (1.81) 62.3 (2.08) 43.2 (1.79) 46.2 (1.52) 64.1 (1.68) 27.5 (1.60) 48.5 (1.48) 41.5 (2.90)

Female............................... 58.0 (0.64) 56.4 (2.02) 75.4 (1.28) 78.7 (1.81) 37.7 (2.08) 56.8 (1.79) 53.8 (1.52) 35.9 (1.68) 72.5 (1.60) 51.5 (1.48) 58.5 (2.90)

Race/ethnicity

White.................................. 83.5 (0.87) 89.8 (1.24) 83.5 (1.51) 71.4 (2.56) 86.1 (2.09) 81.2 (1.47) 86.4 (1.26) 86.5 (1.27) 83.9 (1.65) 85.3 (1.58) 72.0 (3.38)

Black .................................. 6.9 (0.65) 4.8 (0.77) 8.2 (1.22) 2.7 (0.75) 6.7 (1.36) 7.3 (0.95) 5.5 (0.78) 5.3 (0.74) 9.0 (1.24) 8.7 (1.22) 9.3 (1.39)

Hispanic ............................. 6.6 (0.70) 3.2 (0.97) 5.8 (0.90) 22.5 (2.72) 5.6 (1.37) 6.9 (1.12) 4.2 (0.87) 5.7 (1.19) 4.9 (1.00) 3.8 (0.78) 14.7 (3.14)

Asian.................................. 1.3 (0.34) 0.5 (0.23) 1.1 (0.43) 2.0 (0.99) 0.3 (0.33) 2.9 (0.98) 2.0 (0.71) 1.1 (0.39) 0.7 (0.31) 0.5 (0.28) 1.4 (0.91)

Pacific Islander................... 0.2 (0.07) 0.1 (0.07) 0.3 (0.24) ‡ (†) 0.1 (0.08) 0.2 (0.19) 0.4 (0.31) 0.2 (0.17) ‡ (†) 0.3 (0.14) ‡ (†)

American Indian/Alaska 

Native........................... 0.5 (0.08) 0.7 (0.40) 0.4 (0.11) 0.3 (0.15) 0.6 (0.28) 0.4 (0.13) 0.7 (0.32) 0.6 (0.31) 0.5 (0.15) 0.5 (0.17) 0.9 (0.35)

Two or more races ............. 0.9 (0.13) 0.8 (0.27) 0.8 (0.21) 1.1 (0.63) 0.7 (0.36) 1.1 (0.44) 0.8 (0.30) 0.6 (0.25) 0.8 (0.30) 0.9 (0.27) 1.5 (0.83)

Age

Under 30 years .................. 17.4 (0.49) 18.8 (2.05) 20.7 (1.41) 18.8 (1.94) 16.2 (1.56) 21.6 (1.54) 17.2 (1.58) 19.9 (1.40) 13.8 (1.41) 11.7 (0.78) 8.8 (1.66)

30 to 39 years .................... 25.9 (0.46) 22.3 (1.90) 28.4 (1.41) 25.7 (1.92) 31.1 (2.10) 25.6 (1.38) 25.9 (1.57) 31.6 (1.40) 26.3 (1.64) 19.5 (1.24) 19.6 (2.98)

40 to 49 years .................... 22.8 (0.45) 22.6 (1.78) 18.6 (1.21) 17.3 (1.48) 25.0 (1.81) 25.0 (1.57) 25.2 (1.42) 19.4 (1.21) 23.1 (1.24) 27.2 (1.45) 25.5 (2.50)

50 to 59 years .................... 26.4 (0.55) 30.3 (2.86) 23.7 (1.25) 26.4 (1.71) 23.5 (1.92) 21.3 (1.55) 24.7 (1.39) 23.4 (1.34) 29.5 (1.84) 32.9 (1.59) 35.0 (3.13)

60 years and over .............. 7.5 (0.32) 6.0 (0.95) 8.5 (0.80) 11.8 (1.75) 4.2 (1.05) 6.4 (0.71) 7.0 (0.76) 5.7 (0.76) 7.3 (0.92) 8.8 (0.97) 11.1 (1.88)

Age at which first began to 

teach full time or part time

25 years or under............... 52.2 (0.70) 59.7 (2.34) 55.8 (1.69) 52.1 (2.59) 62.8 (2.29) 57.6 (1.89) 50.0 (1.71) 52.6 (1.72) 47.6 (1.79) 43.7 (1.58) 36.0 (2.86)

26 to 35 years .................... 29.9 (0.55) 26.1 (1.82) 29.2 (1.49) 29.9 (2.46) 31.0 (2.36) 24.6 (1.70) 33.3 (1.47) 33.8 (1.69) 32.6 (1.64) 29.9 (1.40) 27.8 (2.92)

36 to 45 years .................... 12.7 (0.43) 10.0 (1.19) 10.8 (0.90) 11.9 (1.41) 5.0 (1.01) 12.9 (1.17) 11.4 (1.10) 10.3 (0.90) 12.2 (1.16) 19.3 (1.23) 26.9 (3.46)

46 to 55 years .................... 4.4 (0.24) 4.1 (0.87) 3.8 (0.55) 5.1 (1.31) 1.0 (0.48) 3.7 (0.64) 4.5 (0.75) 2.8 (0.54) 6.7 (0.93) 6.1 (0.75) 7.8 (1.37)

56 years or over ................. 0.7 (0.10) 0.1 (0.05) 0.5 (0.22) 0.9 (0.37) 0.1 (0.14) 1.1 (0.33) 0.8 (0.26) 0.5 (0.21) 0.8 (0.30) 1.1 (0.41) 1.5 (0.54)

Years of full-time teaching 

experience

Less than 3 years............... 13.6 (0.43) 15.8 (2.13) 14.5 (1.03) 13.8 (1.43) 10.8 (1.22) 13.7 (1.15) 14.3 (1.56) 12.3 (1.24) 12.6 (1.51) 14.1 (1.14) 12.4 (1.85)

3 to 9 years ........................ 33.5 (0.56) 27.7 (2.04) 36.5 (1.64) 35.4 (2.30) 30.1 (1.99) 35.0 (1.50) 32.6 (1.46) 35.9 (1.67) 35.0 (1.51) 29.6 (1.27) 33.9 (3.15)

10 to 20 years .................... 29.1 (0.55) 29.0 (1.95) 25.3 (1.25) 26.9 (2.22) 30.3 (1.90) 31.7 (1.50) 31.8 (1.63) 29.6 (1.48) 28.1 (1.73) 28.8 (1.28) 31.4 (2.59)

Over 20 years .................... 23.8 (0.53) 27.4 (2.89) 23.8 (1.03) 23.9 (2.24) 28.8 (1.73) 19.6 (1.28) 21.3 (1.24) 22.2 (1.16) 24.4 (1.55) 27.5 (1.38) 22.3 (3.07)

Highest college degree

Less than bachelor’s 

degree.......................... 2.0 (0.16) 0.5 (0.30) 0.3 (0.11) 0.6 (0.34) 0.8 (0.43) 0.3 (0.19) 0.6 (0.24) 0.6 (0.27) 0.5 (0.25) 10.5 (0.83) 5.7 (0.94)

Bachelor's degree .............. 44.5 (0.79) 49.6 (2.20) 45.0 (1.49) 44.9 (2.33) 52.7 (2.00) 47.2 (1.77) 38.9 (2.03) 45.4 (1.62) 39.6 (1.70) 43.7 (1.43) 39.2 (3.17)

Master's degree ................. 46.0 (0.81) 44.3 (2.00) 46.1 (1.53) 45.9 (2.49) 41.0 (2.28) 47.5 (1.65) 51.4 (1.89) 46.7 (1.61) 50.3 (1.34) 38.6 (1.41) 46.2 (3.50)

Education specialist1.......... 6.0 (0.28) 4.7 (1.06) 7.1 (0.74) 6.8 (1.02) 5.3 (0.91) 4.2 (0.75) 6.1 (0.81) 4.9 (0.61) 8.6 (1.03) 5.9 (0.75) 7.4 (1.45)

Doctorate or first 

professional.................. 1.5 (0.14) 0.9 (0.25) 1.5 (0.34) 1.8 (0.65) 0.1 (0.10) 0.9 (0.23) 3.0 (0.64) 2.4 (0.55) 1.0 (0.55) 1.2 (0.46) 1.5 (0.52)

Major field of study in 

bachelor’s or higher 

degree2

Arts and music................... 8.9 (0.33) 90.3 (1.93) 4.7 (0.51) 3.0 (0.73) 1.1 (0.38) 1.6 (0.36) 0.9 (0.35) 1.6 (0.45) 2.0 (0.48) 2.2 (0.54) 3.1 (0.84)

Education, elementary 

instruction .................... 6.0 (0.31) 3.7 (2.12) 5.2 (0.66) 4.7 (1.21) 3.1 (0.76) 3.8 (0.53) 1.2 (0.32) 1.5 (0.40) 22.5 (1.38) 4.0 (0.61) 16.8 (2.91)

Education, secondary 

instruction .................... 17.2 (0.53) 7.2 (1.00) 22.4 (1.10) 20.6 (1.99) 5.7 (0.97) 21.8 (1.14) 27.0 (1.38) 28.7 (1.44) 4.4 (0.69) 9.5 (0.92) 10.4 (1.66)

Education, special 

education ..................... 10.4 (0.34) 1.1 (0.40) 6.2 (0.71) 2.8 (0.73) 3.3 (0.77) 3.8 (0.57) 1.5 (0.37) 2.7 (0.42) 72.0 (1.52) 2.6 (0.52) 6.2 (1.49)

Education, other................. 15.0 (0.44) 10.3 (1.23) 15.2 (1.13) 14.1 (1.61) 17.1 (1.55) 15.0 (1.12) 15.9 (1.12) 17.8 (1.33) 14.1 (1.23) 13.3 (1.06) 17.4 (2.20)

English and language arts . 18.2 (0.47) 4.5 (0.82) 81.7 (1.14) 16.0 (1.76) 3.3 (0.97) 3.0 (0.51) 1.8 (0.46) 6.2 (0.88) 10.7 (1.08) 3.9 (0.69) 18.1 (2.56)

Foreign languages ............. 6.5 (0.31) 1.0 (0.29) 3.9 (0.71) 79.9 (1.81) 0.7 (0.46) 1.6 (0.52) 1.2 (0.40) 1.2 (0.33) 1.3 (0.43) 0.5 (0.23) 8.1 (1.62)

Health and physical 

education ..................... 10.5 (0.41) 1.5 (0.44) 2.0 (0.43) 2.0 (0.62) 88.5 (1.46) 5.6 (0.73) 7.8 (0.77) 8.5 (1.03) 5.4 (0.79) 3.4 (0.56) 10.1 (1.25)

Mathematics ...................... 10.3 (0.34) 2.5 (0.80) 0.7 (0.32) 1.8 (0.58) 1.3 (0.42) 67.3 (1.64) 3.2 (1.39) 0.2 (0.18) 1.0 (0.36) 1.0 (0.30) 3.8 (0.98)

Natural sciences ................ 12.7 (0.53) 1.0 (0.35) 0.5 (0.14) 1.4 (0.58) 2.0 (0.59) 10.3 (1.68) 83.5 (1.17) 1.4 (0.34) 4.1 (0.94) 3.4 (0.62) 6.2 (1.21)

Social sciences .................. 19.6 (0.44) 4.1 (0.83) 13.0 (0.90) 15.6 (1.72) 7.5 (1.19) 8.3 (0.70) 7.5 (1.02) 82.8 (1.29) 24.8 (1.61) 7.3 (0.89) 19.2 (1.95)

Vocational/technical 

education ..................... 16.0 (0.49) 3.6 (0.86) 4.0 (0.68) 3.7 (0.81) 4.3 (0.94) 13.3 (1.31) 7.9 (0.90) 5.8 (0.88) 8.8 (0.88) 73.6 (1.21) 19.0 (2.81)

Other field .......................... 8.6 (0.34) 5.4 (0.91) 9.9 (0.81) 12.8 (1.62) 5.2 (1.15) 9.5 (1.04) 6.3 (1.08) 6.9 (0.87) 7.1 (0.82) 5.4 (0.62) 28.3 (3.14)

No degree .......................... 2.0 (0.16) 0.5 (0.30) 0.3 (0.11) 0.6 (0.34) 0.8 (0.43) 0.3 (0.19) 0.6 (0.24) 0.6 (0.27) 0.5 (0.25) 10.5 (0.83) 5.7 (0.94)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1Only the 2003–04 survey included questions about how often problems occurred.

2For 2003–04, combined schools are included in the total but not shown sepaNOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses. Some data have been revised SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatistTeacher Questionnaire,” selected years, 1987–88 through 2007–08; “Private Tthrough 2007–08; and “Charter Teacher Questionnaire,” 1999–2000. (This table w

Table 75. Percentage of teachers indicating that certain issues are serious problems in their schools and that certain problems occur daily, by level and control 

through 2007–08

Control of school and issue

Percent of teachers indicating issue is a serious problem

1987–88 total 1993–94 total

1999–2000

total

2003–04 2007–08

Total 

2

Elementary

schools

Secondary

schools Total

Elementary

schools

Secondary

schools

Combined

schools

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Public schools

Student tardiness............................................. 10.5 (0.18) 10.5 (0.28) 10.2 (0.22) 13.8 (0.29) 9.8 (0.38) 23.1 (0.58) 9.8 (0.33) 5.8 (0.37) 17.9 (0.65) 9.0 (1.36) 

Student absenteeism ....................................... 16.4 (0.23) 14.4 (0.29) 13.9 (0.26) 13.1 (0.31) 8.3 (0.36) 23.7 (0.59) 11.7 (0.36) 6.5 (0.42) 21.4 (0.63) 14.2 (0.95) Teacher absenteeism....................................... 2.3 (0.09) 1.5 (0.09) 2.2 (0.10) 1.1 (0.08) 0.9 (0.12) 1.7 (0.15) 1.5 (0.15) 1.2 (0.20) 2.0 (0.20) 2.3 (0.48) 

Students cutting class...................................... 5.9 (0.16) 5.1 (0.12) 4.7 (0.12) 5.5 (0.23) 1.5 (0.17) 14.5 (0.59) 4.0 (0.20) 0.5 (0.12) 10.9 (0.52) 4.0 (0.64) 

Physical conflicts among students ................... 5.8 (0.18) 8.2 (0.25) 4.8 (0.19) 12.1 (0.29) 13.7 (0.43) 9.3 (0.38) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Robbery or theft............................................... 3.7 (0.12) 4.1 (0.17) 2.4 (0.11) 3.7 (0.17) 2.9 (0.23) 5.9 (0.24) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Vandalism of school property........................... 6.1 (0.15) 6.7 (0.23) 3.4 (0.15) 3.7 (0.16) 2.5 (0.21) 6.3 (0.33) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student pregnancy........................................... 6.9 (0.17) 7.3 (0.24) 3.7 (0.12) 2.4 (0.12) 0.2 ! (0.06) 7.0 (0.34) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student use of alcohol ..................................... 11.4 (0.18) 9.3 (0.17) 7.4 (0.14) 3.0 (0.10) 0.3 (0.07) 9.0 (0.28) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student drug abuse ......................................... 8.0 (0.14) 5.7 (0.14) 6.0 (0.11) 4.5 (0.14) 0.5 (0.10) 13.0 (0.35) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student possession of weapons ...................... 1.7 (0.06) 2.8 (0.12) 0.8 (0.06) 0.5 (0.05) 0.1 ! (0.05) 1.2 (0.12) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Verbal abuse of teachers ................................. 8.1 (0.21) 11.1 (0.26) — (†) 11.8 (0.31) 9.3 (0.39) 17.1 (0.50) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Student disrespect for teachers ....................... — (†) 18.5 (0.35) 17.2 (0.34) 21.6 (0.45) 18.6 (0.62) 28.3 (0.58) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Students dropping out...................................... — (†) 5.8 (0.16) 4.6 (0.11) 3.3 (0.13) 0.4 (0.08) 9.6 (0.41) 3.5 (0.19) 0.8 (0.19) 8.7 (0.41) 5.3 (0.77) 

Student apathy................................................. — (†) 23.6 (0.35) 20.6 (0.30) 16.6 (0.34) 9.9 (0.40) 30.4 (0.56) 16.5 (0.45) 10.0 (0.55) 28.5 (0.67) 21.4 (1.16) 

Lack of parental involvement ........................... — (†) 27.6 (0.45) 23.7 (0.36) 21.6 (0.42) 19.3 (0.58) 26.3 (0.59) 19.5 (0.49) 16.8 (0.68) 24.0 (0.69) 23.5 (1.42) 

Poverty............................................................. — (†) 19.5 (0.52) 19.2 (0.43) 21.4 (0.45) 22.4 (0.64) 19.0 (0.57) 22.1 (0.59) 22.8 (0.83) 20.2 (0.68) 26.7 (1.36) 

Students come unprepared to learn ................ — (†) 28.8 (0.39) 29.5 (0.36) 2.4 (0.15) 1.8 (0.19) 3.9 (0.22) 24.2 (0.56) 20.7 (0.84) 30.5 (0.77) 28.5 (1.45) 

Racial tension .................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) 26.8 (0.46) 23.7 (0.68) 33.5 (0.69) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Private schools

Student tardiness............................................. 3.6 (0.38) 2.6 (0.23) 2.9 (0.21) 2.8 (0.40) 2.1 (0.45) 5.0 (0.83) 2.5 (0.28) 2.3 (0.37) 3.0 (0.83) 2.6 (0.47) 

Student absenteeism ....................................... 3.7 (0.39) 2.2 (0.19) 2.5 (0.22) 1.9 (0.23) 0.9 (0.17) 4.0 (0.75) 2.0 (0.23) 0.9 (0.23) 3.9 (0.99) 2.3 (0.40) 

Teacher absenteeism....................................... 0.8 (0.13) 0.8 (0.10) 0.8 (0.11) 0.3 ! (0.10) 0.2 ! (0.08) 0.5 ! (0.24) 0.5 (0.13) 0.3 ! (0.08) 0.2 ! (0.18) 1.0 ! (0.32) 

Students cutting class...................................... 0.9 (0.16) 0.7 (0.11) 0.8 (0.12) 0.5 (0.11) 0.2 ! (0.07) 0.9 ! (0.36) 0.5 ! (0.18) 0.1 ! (0.05) 1.1 ! (0.41) 0.7 ! (0.43) 

Physical conflicts among students ................... 1.3 (0.19) 1.5 (0.15) 1.0 (0.18) 2.4 (0.31) 2.7 (0.55) 1.0 ! (0.35) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Robbery or theft............................................... 1.3 (0.18) 0.8 (0.10) 0.9 (0.11) 0.4 (0.10) # (0.03) 1.3 ! (0.40) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Vandalism of school property........................... 1.3 (0.19) 1.2 (0.11) 0.7 (0.11) 0.5 (0.11) 0.1 ! (0.07) 0.8 ! (0.28) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student pregnancy........................................... 0.6 (0.12) 0.4 (0.06) 0.4 (0.09) 0.1 ! (0.05) 0.1 ! (0.04) 0.3 ! (0.19) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student use of alcohol ..................................... 3.6 (0.30) 3.1 (0.19) 3.1 (0.16) 0.7 (0.17) # (†) 3.3 (0.86) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student drug abuse ......................................... 1.8 (0.24) 1.3 (0.15) 1.8 (0.14) 1.1 (0.25) # (†) 5.2 (1.31) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Student possession of weapons ...................... 0.4 (0.11) 0.3 (0.06) 0.3 (0.06) # (†) # (†) # (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Verbal abuse of teachers ................................. 2.0 (0.24) 2.3 (0.25) — (†) 2.4 (0.40) 1.1 (0.29) 4.0 (0.84) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Student disrespect for teachers ....................... — (†) 3.4 (0.27) 3.8 (0.31) 5.1 (0.37) 3.6 (0.54) 6.3 (1.05) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Students dropping out...................................... — (†) 0.6 (0.09) 0.5 (0.10) 0.3 ! (0.09) 0.2 ! (0.08) 0.5 ! (0.26) 0.4 ! (0.20) 0.4 (0.13) 0.5 ! (0.22) 0.4 ! (0.54) Student apathy................................................. — (†) 4.5 (0.28) 4.3 (0.29) 3.0 (0.39) 1.4 (0.23) 6.6 (0.95) 3.9 (0.34) 1.7 (0.30) 6.9 (1.06) 5.1 (0.74) 

Lack of parental involvement ........................... — (†) 4.0 (0.26) 3.4 (0.30) 2.5 (0.37) 1.6 (0.28) 3.6 (0.77) 2.5 (0.24) 1.9 (0.36) 2.8 (0.67) 3.0 (0.46) 

Poverty............................................................. — (†) 2.7 (0.23) 2.1 (0.21) 2.2 (0.26) 1.7 (0.31) 3.4 (0.78) 2.0 (0.21) 1.4 (0.28) 2.0 (0.56) 2.6 (0.44) Students come unprepared to learn ................ — (†) 4.1 (0.28) 4.9 (0.36) 0.4 (0.08) 0.1 ! (0.06) 0.9 ! (0.36) 3.6 (0.34) 1.9 (0.33) 6.2 (1.51) 4.4 (0.85) 

Racial tension .................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) 3.5 (0.30) 2.1 (0.53) 6.8 (0.99) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable.NOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public Teacher Questionnaire,” selected years 1993–94 through 2007–08; “1993–94 through 2007–08; and “Charter Teacher Questionnaire,” 1999–2000

Table 76. Teachers’ perceptions about teaching and school conditions, by control and level of school: Selected years, 1993–94 through 2007–08Statement about conditions

Public school teachers Private schoo

 1993–94

total

 1999–2000

total

2003–04

total

2007–08

 1993–94

total

 1999–2000

total

2003–04

total

Total

Elementary

schools

Secondary

schools

Combined

schools 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

Percent of teachers somewhat agreeing or strongly agreeing with statement 

The school administration’s behavior toward the staff is 

supportive............................................................................... 79.2 (0.36) 78.8 (0.38) 85.2 (0.33) 87.7 (0.39) 88.1 (0.50) 87.1 (0.47) 86.3 (1.24) 88.2 (0.42) 87.3 (0.45) 91.1 (0.78) 93.1 (

My principal enforces school rules for student conduct and backs 

me up when I need it .............................................................. 80.8 (0.35) 82.2 (0.33) 87.2 (0.34) 88.0 (0.37) 89.2 (0.48) 85.9 (0.51) 86.1 (1.12) 88.4 (0.41) 88.3 (0.39) 92.2 (0.75) 92.2 (

The principal lets staff members know what is expected of them 85.6 (0.30) 87.7 (0.26) 91.9 (0.23) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 88.2 (0.34) 89.8 (0.35) 93.8 (0.57) — Principal talks to me frequently about my instructional practices 44.3 (0.46) 45.6 (0.43) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 54.0 (0.64) 50.4 (0.64) — (†) — In this school, staff members are recognized for a job well done 67.9 (0.39) 68.3 (0.42) 75.5 (0.38) 76.7 (0.56) 78.3 (0.77) 74.2 (0.63) 72.3 (1.42) 81.1 (0.40) 78.9 (0.50) 83.8 (1.14) 84.0 (Principal knows what kind of school he/she wants and has 

communicated it to the staff.................................................... 80.5 (0.36) 83.2 (0.28) 87.3 (0.30) 88.4 (0.33) 89.6 (0.44) 86.6 (0.51) 84.4 (1.20) 88.6 (0.38) 88.4 (0.43) 91.9 (0.68) 91.7 (0

Most of my colleagues share my beliefs and values about what 

the central mission of the school should be............................ 84.2 (0.22) 84.7 (0.26) 88.1 (0.26) 88.3 (0.35) 90.6 (0.52) 83.8 (0.53) 87.4 (0.86) 93.2 (0.37) 92.2 (0.31) 93.8 (0.49) 93.7 (

There is a great deal of cooperative effort among staff ................ 77.5 (0.31) 78.4 (0.32) 83.2 (0.36) 84.3 (0.33) 86.1 (0.47) 81.0 (0.51) 81.9 (1.20) 90.5 (0.29) 89.0 (0.42) 91.2 (0.77) 91.7 (I receive a great deal of support from parents for the work I do ... 52.5 (0.38) 57.9 (0.40) 61.1 (0.50) 64.3 (0.52) 66.4 (0.77) 60.4 (0.66) 62.6 (1.45) 84.6 (0.41) 84.0 (0.49) 86.1 (2.33) 87.7 (

I make a conscious effort to coordinate the content of my 

courses with that of other teachers......................................... 85.0 (0.25) 84.1 (0.24) 86.3 (0.31) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 85.2 (0.44) 81.4 (0.55) 84.6 (0.90) — 

Routine duties and paperwork interfere with my job of teaching .. 70.8 (0.38) 71.1 (0.30) 70.8 (0.44) 69.0 (0.53) 69.4 (0.80) 68.7 (0.69) 64.4 (1.33) 40.1 (0.65) 44.5 (0.57) 40.7 (2.70) 42.7 (

Level of student misbehavior in this school interferes with my 

teaching.................................................................................. 44.1 (0.40) 40.8 (0.42) 37.2 (0.52) 36.0 (0.57) 33.7 (0.80) 40.2 (0.79) 38.9 (1.36) 22.4 (0.43) 24.1 (0.61) 20.7 (2.47) 20.6 (

Amount of student tardiness and class cutting in this school 

interferes with my teaching ..................................................... 27.9 (0.32) 31.5 (0.35) 33.4 (0.45) 33.4 (0.64) 26.4 (0.85) 47.2 (0.86) 32.8 (1.35) 16.9 (0.75) 15.0 (0.43) 16.9 (1.11) 17.9 (

Rules for student behavior are consistently enforced by teachers 

in this school, even for students who are not in their classes 61.8 (0.42) 62.6 (0.39) 71.1 (0.46) 70.6 (0.55) 78.8 (0.67) 55.1 (0.66) 68.2 (1.37) 77.6 (0.50) 75.9 (0.51) 81.0 (1.52) 80.1 (

I am satisfied with my class sizes................................................. 64.9 (0.38) 67.7 (0.36) 69.1 (0.43) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 84.4 (0.40) 85.7 (0.45) 87.5 (0.99) — 

I am satisfied with my teaching salary.......................................... 44.9 (0.45) 39.4 (0.36) 45.9 (0.46) 50.9 (0.64) 48.9 (0.90) 55.2 (0.73) 48.0 (1.26) 41.6 (0.59) 42.6 (0.73) 50.6 (1.76) 51.7 (I sometimes feel it is a waste of time to try to do my best as a 

teacher.................................................................................... 26.8 (0.35) 20.3 (0.29) 16.7 (0.33) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 10.2 (0.65) 10.5 (0.38) 8.6 (0.69) — 

I plan with the librarian/media specialist for the integration of 

services into my teaching ....................................................... 66.9 (0.42) 58.6 (0.38) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 60.6 (0.71) 48.7 (0.74) — (†) — 

Necessary materials are available as needed by staff ................. 73.1 (0.42) 75.0 (0.32) 79.0 (0.42) 82.2 (0.55) 82.5 (0.76) 81.5 (0.51) 82.2 (1.06) 85.7 (0.44) 89.0 (0.38) 91.8 (0.74) 92.1 (

I worry about the security of my job because of the performance 

of my students on state or local tests ..................................... — (†) 28.8 (0.37) 31.2 (0.43) 30.9 (0.58) 32.2 (0.81) 28.3 (0.54) 30.5 (1.31) — (†) 6.7 (0.29) 7.8 (0.68) 7.6 (

State or district content standards have had a positive influence 

on my satisfaction with teaching............................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

I am given the support I need to teach students with special 

needs...................................................................................... — (†) 60.9 (0.33) 64.5 (0.47) 67.2 (0.57) 66.2 (0.73) 68.3 (0.69) 72.7 (1.18) — (†) 67.1 (0.58) 71.8 (2.00) 68.4 (

I am generally satisfied with being a teacher at this school.......... — (†) 89.7 (0.24) 90.9 (0.29) 92.8 (0.31) 93.0 (0.42) 92.4 (0.37) 93.1 (0.59) — (†) 93.3 (0.26) 95.2 (0.56) 95.7 (0
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.!Interpret data with caution.‡Reporting standards not met.NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standarderrors appear in parentheses. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StCharacteristics of Stayers, Movers, and Leavers: Results From the Teacher FMobility: Results From the Teacher Follow-up Survey: 2000–01; “Public Sc

Teacher Data File,” 2003–04 and 2007–08; and Teacher Follow-up Survey (T2004–05 and 2008–09. (This table was prepared December 2010.)

Table 77. Mobility of public and private elementary and secondary teachers, by selected teacher and school characteristics: Selected years, 1987–88 through 20Selected characteristic

Percent of public school teachers Percent of private school teac

Left teaching 2007–08 to 2008–09 Left teaching 

1987–88 to

1988–89

1993–94 to

1994–95

1999–2000 to

2000–01

2003–04 to

2004–05

Remained insame school

Changed

schools Left teaching

1987–88 to

1988–89

1993–94 to

1994–95

1999–2000 to

2000–01

2003–04 to

2004–05

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Total........................ 5.6 (0.30) 6.6 (0.34) 7.4 (0.37) 8.4 (0.44) 84.5 (0.84) 7.6 (0.53) 8.0 (0.55) 12.7 (0.85) 11.9 (0.70) 12.5 (0.69) 13.6 (2.18) 

Sex

Male ............................ 5.1 (0.52) 5.2 (0.32) 7.4 (0.67) 7.7 (0.68) 84.4 (1.77) 7.8 (1.33) 7.9 (1.13) 10.2 (1.72) 13.1 (1.20) 11.7 (1.48) 14.2 (2.06) Female........................ 5.8 (0.39) 7.1 (0.44) 7.4 (0.45) 8.6 (0.50) 84.5 (0.94) 7.5 (0.57) 8.0 (0.65) 13.4 (0.92) 11.6 (0.78) 12.8 (0.76) 13.4 (2.88) 

Race/ethnicity White........................... 5.7 (0.32) 6.5 (0.36) 7.5 (0.45) 8.2 (0.50) 85.0 (0.96) 7.0 (0.58) 8.0 (0.67) 12.1 (0.90) 11.7 (0.69) 12.3 (0.73) 13.0 (2.33) 

Black ........................... 5.1 ! (1.84) 6.6 (1.48) 7.4 (1.60) 11.0 (2.31) 80.5 (3.13) 10.4 (1.90) 9.0 (2.27) 34.7 (8.35) 12.6 ! (4.52) 14.8 ! (5.09) 23.0 ! (13.00) 

Hispanic ...................... 2.9 (0.84) 9.1 (2.14) 7.5 (1.67) 9.3 (1.89) 83.8 (3.18) 10.7 (2.54) 5.6 ! (1.81) 21.3 ! (6.46) 14.6 (4.31) 9.6 (2.85) 22.1 (5.72) 

Asian/Pacific Islander . 4.2 ! (2.77) 2.4 (0.71) 2.1 ! (0.87) 10.3 ! (5.52) 80.1 (10.84) 11.9 ! (8.27) 8.0 ! (3.84) 8.8 ! (10.39) 17.5 ! (8.67) 24.2 ! (12.23) 7.6 ! (2.84) 

Asian....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 11.0 ! (6.34) 79.5 (10.95) 10.9 ! (8.50) 9.6 ! (4.38) — (†) — (†) — (†) 7.8 ! (3.01) Native Hawaiian/

Pacific Islander . — (†) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) 

American Indian/

Alaska Native........ 3.1 ! (1.70) 3.5 ! (1.06) 7.6 ! (3.68) 1.9 ! (0.77) 82.5 ! (29.40) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 17.5 ! (15.61) 38.5 ! (20.33) 20.2 ! (12.71) ‡ (†) 

Two or more races ...... — (†) — (†) — (†) 5.3 ! (3.19) 82.5 (9.47) ‡ (†) 10.3 ! (6.23) — (†) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) 

AgeLess than 25 ............... 4.3 (0.91) 3.8 (1.05) 9.3 (2.20) 4.8 (1.24) 75.3 (4.06) 16.0 (3.16) 8.7 ! (3.11) 19.0 (3.79) 20.0 (4.19) 29.9 (4.24) 18.0 (3.41) 

25 to 29....................... 9.0 (1.18) 10.0 (1.25) 9.7 (1.39) 10.6 (1.98) 76.3 (3.08) 14.3 (1.90) 9.4 (2.09) 17.6 (2.42) 13.1 (1.35) 18.6 (2.07) 21.2 (4.00) 

30 to 39....................... 5.8 (0.59) 6.7 (0.94) 6.5 (0.88) 6.8 (0.87) 84.4 (2.14) 7.3 (1.33) 8.4 (1.46) 12.4 (1.59) 14.9 (1.54) 13.7 (1.52) 14.2 (1.81) 

40 to 49....................... 2.4 (0.32) 3.9 (0.54) 4.6 (0.62) 5.3 (0.73) 89.6 (1.54) 6.6 (1.09) 3.9 (0.91) 10.5 (1.63) 8.7 (1.02) 8.5 (1.34) 10.7 (2.08) 50 to 59....................... 5.7 (0.82) 6.3 (0.77) 8.1 (0.80) 9.8 (0.82) 85.9 (1.61) 5.7 (1.08) 8.4 (1.26) 11.3 (2.45) 8.2 (1.53) 5.9 (0.90) 8.6 ! (9.80) 60 to 64....................... 23.4 (4.90) 30.5 (4.78) 25.7 (5.44) 28.0 (4.35) 80.0 (5.29) 2.6 ! (0.86) 17.5 (5.10) 16.9 ! (5.93) 13.1 (2.74) 18.1 (3.72) 20.7 (5.27) 

65 and over................. 16.7 ! (8.48) 34.1 (7.79) 16.6 ! (5.44) 21.2 (5.95) 89.2 (4.72) ‡ (†) 10.4 ! (4.84) 7.9 ! (3.16) 41.9 (8.67) 29.4 (7.60) 21.2 ! (7.31) 

Full- and part-time teaching experience 1 year or less .............. 7.9 (0.96) 5.7 (0.82) 10.5 (1.93) 9.6 (1.66) 73.0 (4.29) 15.7 (2.28) 11.4 ! (3.94) 15.9 (2.73) 18.2 (2.12) 28.9 (3.95) 20.2 (4.36) 

2 years ........................ 7.3 (1.81) 9.1 (1.51) 8.5 (1.94) 6.4 (1.43) 76.0 (4.70) 15.2 (3.26) 8.8 ! (2.93) 18.2 (3.32) 23.6 (2.72) 22.5 (3.24) 24.6 ! (16.24) 3 years ........................ 9.3 (1.50) 9.8 (1.42) 7.5 (1.60) 7.7 (1.55) 79.5 (5.12) 11.5 ! (4.00) 9.0 ! (3.11) 15.4 (3.80) 12.8 (2.15) 17.8 (2.49) 15.3 (2.47) 4 to 10 years ............... 6.4 (0.89) 6.8 (0.94) 7.3 (0.72) 8.1 (0.98) 83.6 (1.70) 8.3 (1.02) 8.1 (1.27) 14.0 (1.91) 13.1 (1.51) 12.6 (1.37) 16.0 (2.54) 

11 to 20 years............. 3.5 (0.42) 4.9 (0.64) 5.2 (0.74) 5.5 (0.70) 90.7 (1.13) 5.0 (0.64) 4.3 (0.89) 11.5 (1.73) 7.1 (0.93) 6.9 (1.13) 8.2 (1.75) 21 to 25 years............. 3.5 (0.87) 4.0 (0.81) 4.2 (0.68) 6.6 (1.23) 87.2 (2.93) 7.1 (1.93) 5.8 ! (2.31) 5.2 ! (2.36) 6.0 (1.64) 5.5 (1.32) 8.9 ! (4.25) 

More than 25 years..... 11.3 (1.63) 12.0 (1.04) 11.4 (1.05) 14.3 (1.13) 82.8 (2.23) 4.6 ! (1.39) 12.6 (2.12) 8.4 (2.03) 12.7 (2.53) 10.0 (1.40) 8.5 (1.77) 

Level taught Elementary ................. 5.5 (0.39) 6.4 (0.53) 6.8 (0.45) 8.4 (0.68) 84.6 (1.28) 7.5 (0.69) 7.9 (1.01) 12.5 (0.99) 11.5 (0.96) 13.4 (0.84) 14.4 (3.64) 

Secondary .................. 5.6 (0.42) 6.7 (0.53) 8.6 (0.71) 8.4 (0.59) 84.3 (1.13) 7.6 (0.89) 8.0 (0.75) 12.9 (2.38) 12.6 (1.51) 8.5 (0.90) 12.5 (1.35) 

School size

Less than 150............. 7.3 (1.36) 6.4 (1.15) 9.5 (2.29) 12.1 (2.92) 79.2 (7.38) 9.6 ! (3.47) 11.2 ! (6.15) 16.6 (1.72) 14.8 (1.43) 14.6 (1.45) 22.7 (6.32) 

150 to 349................... 4.8 (0.45) 7.8 (1.03) 6.7 (0.99) 10.3 (1.58) 83.4 (2.25) 9.2 (1.71) 7.3 (1.26) 10.9 (1.62) 12.6 (1.21) 13.1 (1.24) 12.4 (1.40) 

350 to 499................... 6.1 (0.98) 5.8 (0.73) 7.4 (0.85) 8.6 (1.16) 82.3 (2.82) 8.3 (1.34) 9.4 (2.28) 10.7 (2.63) 12.1 (1.95) 10.3 (1.26) 9.8 (1.40) 

500 to 749................... 5.6 (0.77) 7.6 (0.67) 7.1 (0.78) 7.0 (0.75) 87.7 (1.33) 7.0 (0.92) 5.3 (0.79) 9.6 (2.07) 7.1 (1.27) 11.1 (1.91) 9.8 (2.63) 

750 or more ................ 5.0 (0.48) 5.7 (0.57) 7.7 (0.74) 8.2 (0.79) 84.3 (1.43) 6.8 (0.94) 8.9 (1.01) 12.9 (3.14) 6.2 (1.18) 10.8 (1.64) 4.9 (0.90) 

Percent of students who 

are Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native or Two or more races

Less than 5 percent.... 5.1 (0.56) 8.0 (0.93) 6.8 (0.96) 7.6 (1.13) 86.6 (2.30) 4.8 (0.99) 8.6 (1.97) 13.2 (1.67) 11.0 (1.06) 12.3 (1.07) 11.5 ! (8.06) 

5 to 19 percent............ 5.8 (0.74) 6.0 (0.71) 6.8 (0.65) 7.5 (0.75) 85.6 (2.48) 6.6 (1.27) 7.8 (1.75) 10.3 (1.37) 11.1 (1.07) 11.4 (1.10) 12.5 (1.54) 

20 to 49 percent.......... 5.2 (0.64) 6.2 (0.82) 9.4 (0.96) 6.5 (0.60) 84.0 (1.93) 8.0 (1.04) 8.1 (1.42) 18.9 (4.18) 15.6 (2.28) 13.8 (1.82) 15.6 (2.00) 

50 percent or more ..... 5.3 (0.66) 6.8 (0.72) 6.8 (0.62) 10.3 (0.84) 83.4 (1.17) 8.7 (0.91) 7.9 (0.82) 13.6 (2.85) 13.2 (2.15) 14.7 (2.34) 18.5 (4.47) 

Locale

City.............................. — (†) — (†) — (†) 10.1 (1.05) 84.5 (1.41) 8.0 (0.97) 7.5 (1.01) — (†) — (†) — (†) 11.4 (1.42) 

Suburban .................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 8.3 (0.83) 84.3 (1.30) 7.5 (0.80) 8.3 (1.08) — (†) — (†) — (†) 12.4 (1.34) 

Town — (†) — (†) — (†) 6.5 (0.76) 84.9 (3.64) 7.6 (2.06) 7.5 ! (2.51) — (†) — (†) — (†) 18.0 (3.63) 

Rural ........................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 7.9 (0.99) 84.4 (1.97) 7.2 (0.97) 8.4 (1.44) — (†) — (†) — (†) 15.2 (3.30) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 78. Average base salary for full-time teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by highest degree earned and years of full-time teaching: Sele

2007–08

Years of full-time teaching experience

Number of

full-time teachers

Salary (current dollars) Salary (constant 2008

Highest degree earned Highest degree e

All teachers1 Bachelor’s degree Master’s degree Education specialist2 Doctor’s degree All teachers1 Bachelor’s degree Master’s d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91990–91

Total............................... 2,336,750 (20,958) $31,300 (100) $27,700 (100) $35,000 (130) $35,000 (390) $40,100 (820) $50,200 (160) $44,500 (160) $56,000 

1 year or less ......................... 94,000 (3,014) 22,200 (200) 21,500 (210) 26,400 (860) 26,600 (980) ‡ (†) 35,600 (320) 34,500 (330) 42,400 (1

2 years................................... 86,900 (2,963) 22,100 (160) 21,600 (150) 25,100 (510) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 35,500 (260) 34,700 (240) 40,200 3 years................................... 80,340 (2,542) 23,000 (180) 22,400 (170) 26,000 (690) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 36,900 (280) 36,000 (280) 41,600 (14 years................................... 79,610 (3,271) 24,000 (240) 23,200 (250) 26,300 (530) 29,200 (1,490) ‡ (†) 38,400 (380) 37,100 (390) 42,200 5 years................................... 83,540 (3,238) 25,100 (200) 24,100 (240) 27,200 (440) 29,900 (2,190) ‡ (†) 40,200 (320) 38,600 (390) 43,600 6 to 9 years............................ 316,210 (6,805) 26,500 (110) 25,000 (140) 28,800 (240) 30,200 (760) ‡ (†) 42,500 (170) 40,100 (220) 46,200 

10 to 14 years........................ 408,300 (7,843) 29,600 (160) 27,300 (170) 31,800 (300) 33,600 (590) 37,900 (1,940) 47,500 (260) 43,800 (280) 50,900 15 to 19 years........................ 444,930 (7,580) 33,600 (210) 30,800 (250) 35,200 (250) 37,800 (840) 40,300 (1,550) 53,800 (340) 49,400 (410) 56,500 20 to 24 years........................ 392,330 (8,038) 37,000 (200) 34,100 (270) 38,500 (240) 39,500 (840) 43,700 (1,390) 59,200 (320) 54,600 (440) 61,600 25 to 29 years........................ 219,140 (6,214) 38,100 (310) 34,800 (410) 39,800 (370) 42,500 (1,260) 43,100 (2,180) 61,100 (490) 55,700 (660) 63,800 

30 to 34 years........................ 100,460 (4,766) 38,500 (380) 35,000 (450) 40,700 (490) 40,900 (1,600) ‡ (†) 61,800 (610) 56,200 (720) 65,200 

35 years or more.................... 30,980 (2,515) 39,200 (890) 34,100 (1,260) 41,700 (1,120) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 62,800 (1,420) 54,700 (2,020) 66,900 (1

1993–94

Total............................... 2,329,730 (21,660) $34,200 (90) $30,200 (100) $38,500 (150) $40,700 (420) $41,700 (1,330) $50,200 (130) $44,300 (140) $56,500 

1 year or less ......................... 105,540 (2,970) 23,600 (140) 23,000 (160) 27,000 (440) 28,500 (1,340) ‡ (†) 34,700 (210) 33,800 (240) 39,600 

2 years................................... 95,880 (3,534) 24,400 (180) 23,700 (150) 27,200 (420) 25,200 (1,180) ‡ (†) 35,800 (260) 34,800 (220) 39,900 3 years................................... 87,840 (3,416) 25,300 (210) 24,300 (200) 30,000 (660) 28,700 (1,000) ‡ (†) 37,100 (300) 35,700 (290) 44,000 4 years................................... 98,760 (3,615) 26,300 (240) 25,200 (210) 30,200 (640) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 38,600 (360) 36,900 (310) 44,300 5 years................................... 90,470 (2,813) 27,100 (220) 25,800 (170) 30,100 (560) 30,600 (670) ‡ (†) 39,800 (320) 37,900 (260) 44,200 6 to 9 years............................ 306,960 (6,059) 29,200 (140) 27,100 (140) 32,200 (290) 34,300 (1,050) 32,200 (2,300) 42,800 (200) 39,800 (200) 47,300 10 to 14 years........................ 362,360 (6,222) 32,300 (130) 29,800 (210) 34,700 (230) 37,300 (730) 39,600 (1,320) 47,400 (200) 43,700 (310) 51,000 

15 to 19 years........................ 372,480 (6,008) 36,100 (180) 33,300 (240) 38,400 (260) 38,600 (580) 40,300 (1,250) 53,000 (270) 48,800 (350) 56,300 20 to 24 years........................ 407,660 (7,928) 39,600 (210) 36,500 (270) 41,400 (290) 43,600 (810) 46,100 (2,600) 58,200 (310) 53,600 (390) 60,700 25 to 29 years........................ 264,520 (6,324) 42,800 (260) 38,800 (350) 45,000 (390) 46,000 (870) 53,700 (2,010) 62,900 (380) 57,000 (510) 66,100 30 to 34 years........................ 105,460 (3,940) 43,600 (390) 39,500 (630) 45,400 (420) 49,500 (1,690) ‡ (†) 63,900 (570) 58,000 (920) 66,700 

35 years or more.................... 31,790 (1,965) 42,800 (1,080) 37,400 (1,230) 46,000 (1,640) 45,000 (2,090) ‡ (†) 62,800 (1,590) 54,900 (1,800) 67,600 (21999–2000

Total............................... 2,742,210 (20,301) $39,900 (120) $35,300 (120) $44,700 (170) $48,000 (440) $48,200 (1,420) $50,600 (150) $44,800 (150) $56,700 

1 year or less ......................... 172,710 (5,492) 29,300 (170) 28,100 (150) 34,000 (450) 33,400 (1,010) ‡ (†) 37,100 (210) 35,600 (190) 43,100 

2 years................................... 161,220 (5,678) 29,700 (180) 28,800 (170) 33,000 (400) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 37,600 (230) 36,500 (210) 41,900 

3 years................................... 145,290 (4,630) 30,700 (170) 29,700 (200) 34,400 (370) 34,500 (1,340) ‡ (†) 38,900 (210) 37,600 (250) 43,600 

4 years................................... 133,840 (5,657) 32,400 (260) 30,800 (230) 35,900 (670) 37,100 (1,350) ‡ (†) 41,100 (330) 39,100 (290) 45,500 5 years................................... 120,490 (4,300) 32,400 (250) 31,000 (290) 34,900 (390) 35,800 (1,920) ‡ (†) 41,100 (320) 39,400 (360) 44,200 6 to 9 years............................ 385,840 (8,205) 35,000 (170) 32,600 (190) 37,800 (240) 40,200 (840) 41,300 (2,300) 44,300 (210) 41,400 (240) 47,900 

10 to 14 years........................ 382,730 (6,298) 39,300 (260) 36,200 (390) 42,100 (330) 44,800 (990) 44,200 (2,410) 49,900 (330) 45,900 (490) 53,300 15 to 19 years........................ 321,740 (8,067) 43,400 (220) 40,300 (320) 45,900 (360) 47,300 (920) 45,900 (1,490) 55,000 (290) 51,100 (400) 58,200 20 to 24 years........................ 351,730 (6,993) 45,700 (260) 41,300 (280) 48,500 (380) 49,000 (1,050) 52,600 (4,020) 57,900 (330) 52,300 (350) 61,500 

25 to 29 years........................ 329,170 (7,167) 48,500 (280) 44,800 (330) 50,200 (400) 54,200 (970) 58,500 (2,010) 61,500 (350) 56,700 (420) 63,600 30 to 34 years........................ 185,470 (5,488) 52,200 (350) 47,300 (630) 54,200 (440) 56,000 (1,130) ‡ (†) 66,100 (440) 59,900 (800) 68,800 

35 years or more.................... 51,990 (3,006) 50,600 (670) 46,700 (1,360) 52,300 (920) 56,200 (2,800) ‡ (†) 64,200 (850) 59,200 (1,720) 66,300 (1

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met. 1Includes teachers with levels of education below the bachelor’s degree (not shown separately).2Includes certificate of advanced graduate studies.3Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: This table includes regular full-time teachers only; it excludes other sta(regular part-time teachers, itinerant teachers, long-term substitutes, adminissional staff, and support staff). Some data have been revised from previously because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public Teacher Questionnaire,” 1990–91, 1993–94, 1999–2000, 2003–04, anaire,” 1999–2000. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

2003–04

Total............................... 2,948,230 (28,203) $44,400 (240) $39,200 (300) $49,400 (200) $52,900 (460) $53,700 (1,290) $51,200 (280) $45,200 (350) $57,000 

1 year or less ......................... 177,920 (17,391) 33,200 (380) 31,800 (340) 38,600 (730) 44,300 (5,030) 37,300 (1,690) 38,300 (440) 36,700 (390) 44,500 2 years................................... 153,950 (17,695) 34,100 (280) 32,700 (330) 37,900 (650) 34,000 (1,300) ‡ (†) 39,300 (330) 37,700 (390) 43,800 3 years................................... 168,140 (9,009) 35,200 (350) 33,400 (280) 40,200 (680) 40,300 (3,170) ‡ (†) 40,600 (400) 38,500 (330) 46,400 4 years................................... 159,490 (6,723) 36,300 (270) 34,600 (280) 40,300 (530) 38,500 (1,800) ‡ (†) 41,800 (310) 39,900 (320) 46,500 5 years................................... 153,180 (6,194) 37,400 (400) 34,900 (320) 40,800 (760) 42,800 (1,960) ‡ (†) 43,100 (460) 40,300 (370) 47,100 6 to 9 years............................ 498,590 (13,859) 40,300 (200) 37,100 (210) 43,700 (300) 45,800 (1,310) 44,300 (2,320) 46,500 (230) 42,800 (240) 50,400 10 to 14 years........................ 433,530 (14,595) 44,300 (260) 39,700 (270) 47,900 (390) 50,000 (960) 55,000 (3,580) 51,100 (300) 45,800 (310) 55,300 15 to 19 years........................ 343,970 (9,606) 49,200 (360) 44,300 (480) 52,300 (470) 56,300 (1,350) 58,400 (3,440) 56,800 (410) 51,100 (560) 60,300 

20 to 24 years........................ 285,980 (8,434) 50,800 (360) 46,400 (370) 54,000 (580) 54,900 (1,000) 53,600 (3,530) 58,600 (420) 53,500 (430) 62,300 

25 to 29 years........................ 283,460 (11,809) 52,800 (280) 48,600 (490) 55,000 (410) 55,900 (980) 65,200 (3,520) 60,900 (320) 56,100 (560) 63,400 30 to 34 years........................ 223,710 (11,435) 56,300 (430) 51,300 (610) 58,100 (570) 62,400 (1,390) 60,800 (2,660) 64,900 (490) 59,200 (700) 67,000 

35 years or more.................... 66,310 (3,427) 58,200 (750) 55,400 (1,300) 59,100 (980) 61,300 (2,220) ‡ (†) 67,200 (870) 63,900 (1,500) 68,200 (1

2007–08

Total............................... 3,114,690 (41,111) $49,600 (200) $43,600 (220) $54,800 (280) $58,400 (720) $59,200 (1,620) $50,300 (210) $44,300 (220) $55,600 

1 year or less ......................... 211,500 (12,029) 38,200 (330) 36,700 (310) 42,800 (810) 47,400 (3,580) 43,800 (4,020) 38,700 (340) 37,200 (310) 43,400 2 years................................... 185,130 (10,587) 38,600 (330) 36,900 (340) 42,600 (720) 47,400 (4,080) ‡ (†) 39,200 (340) 37,400 (340) 43,200 3 years................................... 177,230 (7,735) 40,100 (370) 37,700 (360) 44,400 (860) 52,200 (4,610) ‡ (†) 40,600 (380) 38,300 (360) 45,100 4 years................................... 174,350 (7,951) 41,200 (380) 38,500 (430) 45,500 (580) 47,600 (2,290) ‡ (†) 41,800 (380) 39,100 (430) 46,100 5 years................................... 148,540 (7,995) 42,800 (530) 39,700 (480) 46,500 (870) 46,700 (2,690) ‡ (†) 43,400 (540) 40,200 (480) 47,100 6 to 9 years............................ 557,050 (14,475) 46,300 (250) 41,800 (380) 50,200 (440) 51,700 (1,130) 52,900 (2,350) 47,000 (260) 42,400 (380) 50,900 10 to 14 years........................ 508,300 (14,867) 50,500 (380) 45,400 (440) 53,400 (560) 56,500 (1,220) 60,400 (4,120) 51,200 (380) 46,000 (440) 54,200 

15 to 19 years........................ 350,690 (12,953) 55,000 (480) 48,500 (550) 59,200 (720) 59,600 (1,350) 63,300 (3,460) 55,800 (490) 49,200 (560) 60,000 

20 to 24 years........................ 288,110 (11,954) 57,800 (640) 52,800 (780) 60,600 (790) 65,300 (2,160) 68,000 (6,390) 58,600 (640) 53,500 (790) 61,500 

25 to 29 years........................ 221,950 (8,609) 60,300 (740) 54,400 (830) 63,300 (1,070) 66,800 (3,310) ‡ (†) 61,100 (750) 55,200 (840) 64,200 (1

30 to 34 years........................ 197,490 (8,304) 61,100 (750) 54,900 (1,000) 64,300 (1,000) 63,800 (1,550) ‡ (†) 62,000 (760) 55,600 (1,010) 65,200 (1

35 years or more.................... 94,340 (7,055) 61,900 (1,070) 55,400 (1,560) 64,400 (1,500) 68,800 (3,360) ‡ (†) 62,800 (1,080) 56,100 (1,580) 65,300 (1

Table 78. Average base salary for full-time teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by highest degree earned and years of full-time teaching: Sele

2007–08—Continued

Years of full-time teaching experience

Number of

full-time teachers

Salary (current dollars) Salary (constant 2008

Highest degree earned Highest degree e

All teachers1 Bachelor’s degree Master’s degree Education specialist2 Doctor’s degree All teachers1 Bachelor’s degree Master’s d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 79. Average salaries for full-time teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 2007–08

[In current dollars]

Selected characteristic

Number of

full-time

teachers (in

thousands)

Total

school-year

and summer

earned income Base salary

School year 

supplemental contract1

School year income from merit 

pay bonus and state supplements

Job outside the school 

system during the school year

Supplemental s

system contract duri

Number

of teachers

(in thousands)

Average

supplement

Number

of teachers

(in thousands) Average amount

Number

of teachers

(in thousands) Average income

Number

of teachers

(in thousands)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Public schools

Total................................... 3,114.7 (41.11) $53,230 (233) $49,630 (203) 1,360.8 (24.34) $2,590 (46) 500.3 (13.62) $2,030 (62) 507.2 (15.00) $5,260 (187) 670.6 (16.34) $2

Sex

Males ..................................... 772.9 (19.75) 56,890 (422) 50,630 (353) 447.1 (12.76) 3,920 (85) 107.6 (5.71) 2,360 (169) 185.5 (7.20) 6,540 (350) 185.3 (8.15) 3

Females ................................. 2,341.8 (31.93) 52,020 (230) 49,300 (211) 913.6 (17.88) 1,940 (47) 392.7 (12.20) 1,940 (69) 321.7 (11.95) 4,530 (207) 485.3 (13.51) 2

Race/ethnicity

White...................................... 2,571.2 (37.12) 53,230 (268) 49,630 (233) 1,149.6 (23.34) 2,570 (51) 398.2 (11.14) 2,050 (76) 424.8 (13.04) 5,230 (202) 512.1 (12.64) 2

Black ...................................... 226.4 (15.06) 52,460 (674) 49,050 (642) 86.9 (6.25) 2,630 (145) 40.9 (4.93) 1,840 (228) 39.1 (5.40) 4,410 (462) 69.0 (5.97) 2Hispanic ................................. 228.1 (15.06) 53,200 (820) 49,360 (725) 88.9 (8.58) 2,880 (297) 46.0 (6.67) 1,880 (203) 30.2 (3.79) 7,110 (814) 63.9 (7.46) 2

Asian...................................... 38.6 (6.91) 58,970 (1,354) 55,870 (1,273) 13.8 (2.83) 2,300 (688) 6.1 (2.22) 2,640 (563) 4.2 (1.14) 3,620 (679) 11.8 (3.00) 2Pacific Islander....................... 6.2 (1.25) 53,660 (2,837) 50,390 (2,835) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 2.3 (0.77) 2American Indian/Alaska 

Native............................... 15.1 (1.66) 47,350 (1,601) 44,450 (1,658) 6.0 (0.95) 2,220 (336) 2.9 (0.84) 1,680 (339) 2.4 (0.77) 3,730 (576) 3.2 (0.79) 2

Two or more races ................. 28.0 (2.93) 54,620 (2,025) 50,100 (1,739) 12.7 (2.03) 2,780 (382) 5.9 (1.34) 2,330 (337) 5.2 (1.24) 5,250 (1,729) 7.7 (1.93) 3

Age

Less than 30 .......................... 567.6 (19.54) 43,560 (255) 39,820 (244) 280.6 (12.13) 2,400 (99) 83.4 (5.38) 1,540 (94) 103.9 (7.06) 3,800 (313) 155.3 (8.27) 2

30 to 39.................................. 823.8 (16.43) 50,050 (301) 46,380 (266) 387.4 (10.56) 2,670 (87) 119.6 (6.46) 1,820 (101) 136.6 (7.22) 5,210 (311) 183.6 (8.28) 2

40 to 49.................................. 737.2 (18.27) 54,410 (378) 50,920 (341) 322.1 (10.62) 2,640 (99) 133.2 (7.60) 1,810 (101) 114.6 (6.96) 5,260 (347) 149.5 (7.51) 2

50 or more ............................. 986.1 (24.78) 60,570 (384) 57,010 (361) 370.7 (13.81) 2,610 (89) 164.1 (6.59) 2,600 (142) 152.1 (7.81) 6,310 (435) 182.2 (6.79) 2

Years of full-time teaching 

experience

1 year or less ......................... 211.5 (12.03) 42,210 (378) 38,210 (332) 74.0 (6.01) 1,990 (119) 25.8 (3.02) 1,610 (182) 35.9 (4.64) 4,790 (593) 42.1 (3.70) 2

2 to 4 years ............................ 536.7 (17.78) 43,490 (301) 39,940 (246) 248.2 (9.67) 2,390 (117) 85.6 (5.46) 1,580 (125) 90.7 (5.77) 4,800 (392) 134.5 (8.28) 2

5 to 9 years ............................ 705.6 (16.60) 49,120 (280) 45,590 (241) 341.4 (10.63) 2,490 (89) 104.9 (7.57) 1,850 (152) 120.0 (6.56) 4,880 (323) 169.2 (8.78) 210 to 14 years ........................ 508.3 (14.87) 54,150 (392) 50,470 (377) 226.8 (9.51) 2,750 (123) 78.9 (4.88) 2,100 (116) 84.0 (5.13) 5,680 (403) 104.1 (6.01) 2

15 to 19 years ........................ 350.7 (12.95) 58,260 (518) 55,000 (484) 150.5 (7.35) 2,660 (139) 57.8 (4.70) 2,040 (166) 51.1 (5.00) 4,850 (500) 69.1 (5.80) 2

20 to 24 years ........................ 288.1 (11.95) 61,210 (650) 57,830 (636) 120.8 (7.72) 2,610 (163) 52.2 (4.68) 1,980 (166) 45.3 (3.92) 4,700 (466) 53.9 (5.32) 225 to 29 years ........................ 221.9 (8.61) 63,860 (772) 60,260 (740) 86.9 (6.23) 2,980 (199) 40.8 (3.93) 2,300 (349) 34.3 (4.06) 5,940 (741) 47.7 (4.00) 2

30 or more years.................... 291.8 (12.05) 65,470 (711) 61,380 (617) 112.2 (7.66) 3,000 (165) 54.1 (4.03) 3,000 (301) 45.8 (4.09) 7,300 (1,102) 50.0 (3.80) 2

Highest degree earned

Less than bachelor’s degree.. 24.1 (2.10) 53,880 (2,123) 47,210 (1,680) 9.1 (1.15) 2,610 (355) 3.3 (0.50) 2,390 (670) 4.8 (0.72) 11,440 (2,984) 5.7 (0.94) 4Bachelor’s degree .................. 1,500.7 (27.51) 47,060 (233) 43,650 (220) 644.8 (17.50) 2,490 (61) 260.1 (10.37) 1,660 (76) 233.5 (8.92) 4,800 (209) 322.6 (11.72) 2

Master’s degree ..................... 1,374.4 (25.18) 58,460 (324) 54,810 (281) 616.8 (14.27) 2,650 (67) 205.4 (6.86) 2,380 (110) 226.1 (9.66) 5,320 (318) 293.6 (11.50) 2

Education specialist3.............. 189.5 (8.04) 62,410 (805) 58,420 (722) 78.8 (5.08) 2,850 (240) 26.9 (2.96) 2,720 (390) 35.2 (3.17) 6,250 (799) 41.8 (3.95) 2

Doctor’s degree...................... 25.9 (2.59) 65,560 (1,981) 59,150 (1,620) 11.2 (1.74) 2,910 (383) 4.5 (1.14) 2,580 (621) 7.6 (1.49) 9,480 (1,806) 6.8 (1.24) 4

Instructional level

Elementary............................. 1,539.7 (33.95) 51,660 (375) 49,220 (353) 504.8 (19.48) 1,630 (70) 244.2 (11.12) 1,940 (108) 203.9 (10.27) 4,730 (321) 314.5 (13.18) 2

Secondary.............................. 1,575.0 (36.69) 54,770 (305) 50,020 (276) 856.0 (21.49) 3,160 (58) 256.1 (10.51) 2,110 (90) 303.4 (11.10) 5,620 (221) 356.1 (12.47) 2

Location of school

City4 ....................................... 819.6 (29.02) 54,880 (463) 51,230 (432) 330.7 (14.47) 2,600 (106) 139.0 (8.13) 2,190 (151) 128.2 (8.36) 5,710 (404) 192.7 (12.64) 2

Suburban5 .............................. 1,083.3 (36.37) 57,920 (512) 54,220 (468) 499.7 (20.06) 2,610 (82) 153.4 (10.40) 2,000 (109) 180.4 (9.12) 5,210 (323) 233.1 (12.02) 2

Town6 ..................................... 431.4 (24.40) 48,520 (581) 45,190 (540) 180.9 (10.74) 2,610 (113) 69.5 (5.80) 1,970 (236) 69.4 (5.63) 4,780 (414) 89.1 (6.65) 2

Rural7 ..................................... 780.4 (36.37) 47,600 (378) 44,020 (324) 349.5 (17.72) 2,550 (108) 138.4 (9.26) 1,910 (92) 129.1 (10.51) 5,140 (369) 155.8 (9.08) 2

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met. 1Includes compensation for extracurricular or additional activities such as coaching, student activity sponsorship, or teachingevening classes.2Includes teaching summer sessions and other non-teaching jobs at any school.3Includes certificates of advanced graduate studies.4Located inside a principal city within an urbanized area.5Located inside an urbanized area, but outside of a principal city.6Located inside an urban cluster.

7Located outside any urbanized area or urban cluster.NOTE: This table includes regular full-time teachers only; it excludes other sta(regular part-time teachers, itinerant teachers, long-term substitutes, adminissional staff, and support staff). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ses. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding, missing values in celnonresponse.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public Teacher Questionnaire” and “Private Teacher Questionnaire,” 2007–0

Private schools

Total................................... 386.8 (9.06) $39,690 (403) $36,250 (323) 108.5 (5.02) $2,700 (132) 31.2 (2.82) $1,870 (195) 75.5 (3.86) $5,910 (394) 84.8 (4.12) $3

Sex

Males ..................................... 98.6 (3.84) 46,900 (853) 40,490 (709) 42.8 (3.21) 3,030 (163) 8.6 (1.26) 2,860 (551) 28.0 (2.08) 8,850 (932) 30.8 (2.65) 3

Females ................................. 288.2 (7.51) 37,220 (417) 34,800 (347) 65.7 (3.48) 2,480 (213) 22.6 (2.44) 1,490 (190) 47.5 (2.92) 4,180 (307) 54.0 (2.93) 3

Race/ethnicity

White...................................... 333.1 (8.19) 39,930 (429) 36,580 (363) 94.7 (4.61) 2,580 (131) 28.1 (2.66) 1,960 (222) 65.9 (3.14) 5,900 (431) 67.6 (4.08) 2Black ...................................... 16.5 (1.95) 34,380 (1,330) 30,310 (1,111) 3.2 (0.68) 3,990 (591) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 3.4 (0.83) 4,330 (1,190) 6.6 (0.92) 3

Hispanic ................................. 23.1 (1.71) 38,200 (1,626) 34,080 (1,232) 6.3 (0.95) 4,420 (1,099) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.3 (0.80) 6,300 (1,187) 6.5 (0.90) 2

Asian...................................... 8.4 (1.10) 41,310 (1,909) 37,850 (1,822) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) Two or more races ................. 2.7 (0.51) 46,710 (3,841) 43,260 (3,363) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Age

Less than 30 .......................... 69.4 (3.65) 34,170 (575) 30,260 (483) 21.6 (1.73) 2,320 (154) 5.5 (0.89) 1,380 (564) 15.7 (1.64) 4,800 (778) 20.3 (1.83) 2

30 to 39.................................. 89.2 (4.55) 38,500 (718) 34,840 (652) 25.6 (2.42) 3,150 (268) 6.6 (1.04) 1,710 (396) 18.0 (1.66) 5,790 (1,420) 22.3 (2.38) 2

40 to 49.................................. 89.2 (3.00) 38,760 (676) 35,280 (551) 24.3 (1.84) 2,480 (326) 8.7 (1.69) 1,480 (253) 17.7 (1.97) 6,350 (641) 15.8 (1.62) 3

50 or more ............................. 139.0 (5.09) 43,780 (647) 40,750 (599) 37.0 (2.81) 2,750 (294) 10.4 (1.45) 2,560 (461) 24.1 (1.69) 6,400 (635) 26.3 (2.17) 2

Years of full-time teaching 

experience

1 year or less ......................... 40.0 (2.31) 32,120 (784) 28,260 (660) 9.2 (1.04) 2,200 (220) 3.5 (0.82) 1,470 (348) 7.8 (0.99) 5,960 (1,118) 9.1 (1.09) 3

2 to 4 years ............................ 74.3 (3.72) 34,220 (868) 30,890 (626) 20.1 (2.24) 2,370 (229) 6.5 (1.16) 1,330 (522) 16.1 (1.44) 5,250 (631) 17.7 (2.29) 2

5 to 9 years ............................ 83.6 (4.32) 38,110 (707) 34,620 (577) 23.6 (1.83) 2,420 (177) 6.4 (0.94) 1,360 (396) 17.9 (2.13) 6,530 (1,418) 19.0 (1.66) 210 to 14 years ........................ 60.1 (3.16) 41,310 (687) 37,510 (666) 18.5 (2.04) 3,250 (419) 5.5 (1.27) 1,850 (425) 11.8 (1.36) 5,200 (847) 13.4 (1.34) 315 to 19 years ........................ 33.0 (2.35) 42,740 (1,121) 39,220 (896) 9.8 (1.13) 2,900 (544) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 6.1 (1.08) 6,620 (1,385) 7.2 (1.05) 320 to 24 years ........................ 31.3 (2.46) 43,880 (1,482) 41,180 (1,480) 9.4 (1.70) 2,890 (481) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.9 (0.73) 4,570 (702) 6.6 (1.27) 2

25 to 29 years ........................ 25.2 (1.87) 42,910 (1,133) 40,460 (950) 6.5 (0.85) 2,150 (525) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 3.5 (0.55) 6,920 (1,902) 4.7 (0.74) 230 or more years.................... 39.3 (2.56) 50,560 (1,309) 46,840 (1,212) 11.5 (1.62) 3,340 (532) 3.3 (0.74) 4,380 (1,058) 7.3 (0.95) 6,760 (1,386) 7.1 (1.03) 3

Highest degree earned

Less than bachelor’s degree.. 27.2 (1.84) 26,670 (1,126) 23,610 (938) 3.4 (0.74) 4,260 (1,195) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.8 (0.75) 5,740 (1,052) 5.9 (0.98) 3

Bachelor’s degree .................. 217.1 (6.33) 36,880 (418) 33,770 (343) 56.7 (3.30) 2,720 (161) 17.4 (1.92) 1,700 (220) 40.4 (2.78) 4,840 (323) 44.6 (2.70) 3

Master’s degree ..................... 124.3 (4.85) 45,340 (755) 41,660 (605) 42.7 (3.43) 2,520 (179) 11.2 (1.58) 1,760 (338) 25.1 (1.93) 6,260 (758) 29.5 (2.62) 3Education specialist3.............. 10.1 (1.17) 50,880 (2,803) 43,560 (1,626) 2.8 (0.56) 2,850 (604) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 2.7 (0.66) 2

Doctor’s degree...................... 8.0 (1.35) 57,490 (3,479) 52,660 (3,187) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Instructional level

Elementary............................. 209.1 (5.99) 35,730 (399) 33,160 (354) 37.6 (2.62) 2,640 (290) 14.3 (1.86) 1,560 (258) 34.6 (2.29) 4,870 (339) 40.3 (2.34) 3

Secondary.............................. 177.7 (6.87) 44,350 (689) 39,890 (581) 71.0 (4.54) 2,730 (143) 16.9 (2.01) 2,130 (330) 40.8 (2.96) 6,790 (735) 44.4 (3.16) 2

Location of school

City4 ....................................... 163.5 (6.43) 41,770 (580) 38,240 (500) 50.5 (3.70) 2,680 (143) 14.8 (1.97) 2,110 (312) 31.9 (2.45) 5,710 (489) 40.1 (3.04) 3

Suburban5 .............................. 140.6 (5.91) 41,730 (658) 38,100 (583) 40.2 (2.98) 2,740 (288) 10.1 (1.41) 1,560 (242) 27.3 (2.04) 6,670 (932) 30.8 (2.43) 3

Town6 ..................................... 29.8 (2.46) 31,040 (1,010) 28,600 (1,016) 7.4 (1.16) 2,550 (564) ‡ (†) 1,180 (372) 5.7 (0.94) 3,920 (501) 5.0 (0.86) 2

Rural7 ..................................... 52.9 (3.62) 32,660 (1,059) 29,450 (932) 10.5 (1.42) 2,770 (312) 3.7 (0.89) 2,230 (734) 10.5 (1.28) 5,620 (744) 9.0 (1.41) 2

Table 79. Average salaries for full-time teachers in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 2007–08—Continued

[In current dollars]

Selected characteristic

Number of

full-time

teachers (in

thousands)

Total

school-year

and summer

earned income Base salary

School year 

supplemental contract1

School year income from merit 

pay bonus and state supplements

Job outside the school 

system during the school year

Supplemental s

system contract duri

Number

of teachers

(in thousands)

Average

supplement

Number

of teachers

(in thousands) Average amount

Number

of teachers

(in thousands) Average income

Number

of teachers

(in thousands)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met. NOTE: This table includes regular full-time teachers only; it excludes other staff even when they have full-time teaching duties(regular part-time teachers, itinerant teachers, long-term substitutes, administrators, library media specialists, other professional staff, and support staff). Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public School Teacher Questionnaire,” 1993–94, 1999–2000, 2003–04, and Questionnaire,” 1999–2000. (This table was prepared September 2009.)

Table 80. Average base salary for full-time public elementary and secondary school teachers with a bachelor’s degree as their highest degree, by years of full-ti

1993–94, 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08

[In current dollars]

State 1993–94, total

1999–2000 2003–04 2007–08

Total 2 or fewer years Total 2 or fewer years Over 20 years Total 2 or fewer years 3 to 5 years 6 to 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

United States ........ $30,150 (97) $35,310 (116) $28,450 (109) $39,200 (300) $32,230 (290) $49,130 (327) $43,650 (220) $36,780 (262) $38,530 (248) $42,270 

Alabama ........................ 24,450 (151) 31,300 (210) 28,280 (142) 32,750 (256) 29,640 (291) 37,610 (663) 39,210 (381) 34,810 (465) 36,910 (671) 39,020 

Alaska............................ 42,620 (308) 42,170 (269) 34,110 (290) 46,160 (720) 37,290 (1,113) 58,760 (943) 51,950 (747) 40,100 (746) 46,600 (1,693) 49,640 Arizona .......................... 28,050 (347) 30,110 (491) 25,020 (303) 33,370 (556) 29,510 (408) 44,060 (1,469) 36,880 (571) 33,640 (388) 34,780 (380) 36,560 

Arkansas........................ 24,970 (199) 29,810 (345) 25,780 (699) 32,710 (328) 26,590 (694) 38,080 (803) 40,220 (418) 33,090 (626) 35,840 (794) 38,480 

California ....................... 37,330 (412) 41,930 (301) 32,820 (321) 51,210 (704) 38,920 (679) 63,110 (1,045) 56,950 (966) 44,770 (997) 46,810 (1,080) 54,040 

Colorado ........................ 27,590 (391) 32,180 (428) 25,400 (252) 36,140 (699) 30,570 (534) 45,480 (2,188) 38,090 (884) 32,600 (621) 35,720 (1,463) 38,040 

Connecticut.................... 40,510 (645) 38,530 (883) 32,030 (344) 48,380 (1,997) 37,800 (820) ‡ (†) 49,700 (1,286) 42,830 (1,348) 43,330 (1,395) ‡ 

Delaware........................ 31,400 (375) 37,620 (893) ‡ (†) 41,210 (991) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 45,880 (960) ‡ (†) 39,760 (871) 46,050 

District of Columbia ....... 37,690 (645) 40,980 (593) ‡ (†) 48,350 (1,290) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 54,970 (2,025) 42,180 (425) ‡ (†) ‡ Florida............................ 28,970 (229) 33,650 (407) 27,440 (314) 36,460 (624) 31,140 (612) 47,040 (843) 41,640 (554) 36,030 (473) 37,630 (520) 38,750 

Georgia.......................... 25,650 (215) 33,610 (373) 29,410 (287) 37,160 (490) 32,220 (424) 45,020 (1,010) 41,640 (760) 34,580 (573) 36,850 (690) 41,140 Hawaii............................ 34,060 (460) 36,710 (533) 27,370 (299) 39,250 (887) 32,620 (781) 52,650 (1,779) 45,380 (922) 38,650 (1,496) 42,310 (1,555) ‡ 

Idaho.............................. 24,610 (252) 31,500 (208) 22,880 (245) 36,150 (627) 26,060 (579) 45,330 (794) 39,870 (609) 31,110 (619) 32,650 (1,493) 37,420 

Illinois............................. 29,480 (277) 35,250 (563) 28,230 (398) 38,730 (791) 33,180 (1,047) 49,120 (1,797) 42,740 (836) 36,030 (926) 37,650 (812) 42,020 

Indiana........................... 25,400 (329) 30,760 (296) 27,360 (186) 34,600 (640) 30,270 (337) ‡ (†) 38,670 (786) 32,850 (452) 35,030 (393) 39,640 Iowa ............................... 24,950 (319) 28,910 (279) 23,150 (253) 33,600 (696) 26,140 (457) 37,580 (840) 35,240 (500) 28,580 (827) 30,960 (637) 34,880 

Kansas........................... 25,930 (135) 29,430 (264) 26,110 (261) 32,290 (326) 28,500 (447) 36,990 (597) 37,160 (476) 34,390 (523) 34,520 (673) 35,720 

Kentucky ........................ 24,910 (457) 27,720 (358) 24,650 (168) 31,610 (468) 28,490 (195) ‡ (†) 35,640 (608) 33,460 (1,011) 33,730 (1,099) 38,180 Louisiana ....................... 22,520 (159) 28,020 (476) 24,620 (943) 32,590 (489) 28,380 (693) 39,200 (646) 39,880 (462) 36,300 (825) 37,160 (813) 38,300 

Maine............................. 28,550 (330) 34,690 (775) 27,390 (2,511) 36,650 (606) 27,300 (1,078) 43,490 (1,062) 38,770 (651) 31,260 (573) 32,360 (864) 36,030 Maryland........................ 33,520 (476) 37,760 (683) 28,900 (337) 42,960 (1,313) 34,100 (381) 62,750 (2,717) 50,680 (1,213) 41,270 (492) 42,630 (999) 49,870 Massachusetts............... 34,340 (309) 40,410 (464) 29,950 (454) 43,930 (964) 35,830 (1,124) 54,780 (1,331) 50,880 (917) 37,720 (970) 45,350 (1,022) 52,770 Michigan ........................ 37,170 (670) 39,950 (838) 30,760 (457) 45,230 (682) 35,340 (693) 55,950 (1,245) 47,440 (1,612) 35,930 (664) 41,240 (1,553) 48,430 Minnesota ...................... 31,010 (419) 35,270 (685) 28,770 (783) 39,030 (566) 31,560 (761) 47,350 (783) 41,760 (593) 33,830 (574) 35,640 (673) 39,840 

Mississippi ..................... 22,640 (106) 28,000 (186) 24,080 (218) 31,890 (425) 27,110 (306) 37,990 (555) 36,610 (344) 32,770 (434) 33,860 (513) 35,310 

Missouri ......................... 23,510 (286) 28,020 (378) 24,940 (513) 31,340 (547) 27,220 (593) 36,040 (1,953) 34,730 (553) 31,200 (632) 33,320 (607) 35,080 

Montana......................... 24,070 (199) 27,920 (256) 21,080 (252) 31,870 (522) 23,190 (382) 38,530 (837) 35,880 (597) 27,090 (591) 30,170 (658) 32,020 

Nebraska ....................... 22,580 (388) 26,090 (254) 21,940 (215) 30,300 (435) 26,790 (590) 33,690 (1,329) 34,190 (805) 29,400 (379) 31,750 (1,098) 34,200 Nevada .......................... 29,350 (285) 34,470 (434) 27,550 (293) 35,970 (700) 29,220 (632) ‡ (†) 40,060 (619) 34,040 (462) 35,550 (647) 41,470 New Hampshire ............. 31,280 (437) 34,210 (542) 25,790 (974) 38,800 (644) 28,880 (649) 46,470 (1,091) 43,910 (843) 33,810 (1,139) 36,390 (1,320) 41,760 New Jersey .................... 41,330 (744) 46,720 (653) 33,810 (290) 49,780 (1,049) 38,810 (616) 67,380 (1,456) 54,580 (1,091) 45,370 (977) 46,620 (1,009) 49,180 New Mexico ................... 25,260 (224) 29,290 (363) 25,700 (321) 34,310 (470) 28,830 (752) 42,300 (930) 39,830 (596) 32,520 (844) 35,800 (773) 39,830 New York........................ 39,650 (1,152) 41,600 (1,094) 33,250 (654) 42,630 (1,074) 37,410 (1,058) 61,240 (1,827) 48,520 (2,004) 43,670 (1,652) 44,850 (1,413) ‡ 

North Carolina ............... 26,010 (220) 31,920 (331) 25,380 (510) 33,650 (479) 26,930 (566) 43,830 (730) 37,050 (469) 30,930 (499) 32,840 (869) 35,770 North Dakota ................. 22,450 (193) 25,910 (279) 20,640 (297) 30,870 (490) 23,810 (613) 33,500 (660) 34,790 (695) 27,770 (579) 29,290 (584) 31,850 

Ohio ............................... 30,370 (399) 35,120 (583) 25,730 (400) 41,600 (891) 30,430 (474) 52,220 (1,061) 41,670 (1,567) 35,350 (1,976) 36,320 (1,549) 40,660 

Oklahoma ...................... 24,880 (108) 27,400 (224) 24,510 (179) 31,190 (211) 27,330 (456) 35,700 (260) 35,880 (226) 32,390 (458) 33,020 (417) 34,090 

Oregon........................... 31,310 (440) 38,370 (613) 27,350 (418) 42,430 (865) ‡ (†) 51,340 (880) 46,930 (1,282) 32,050 (655) ‡ (†) 44,380 

Pennsylvania.................. 37,260 (523) 42,620 (826) 28,940 (894) 44,250 (963) 33,030 (630) 57,450 (993) 47,780 (1,162) 38,950 (780) 40,800 (754) 44,900 

Rhode Island ................. 38,000 (522) 43,900 (357) ‡ (†) 49,360 (834) ‡ (†) 58,910 (741) 56,680 (1,362) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 56,900 South Carolina............... 25,120 (280) 29,820 (300) 25,220 (175) 34,950 (483) 28,610 (1,161) 42,630 (682) 37,150 (606) 31,670 (625) 32,550 (465) 35,960 

South Dakota................. 22,000 (186) 26,000 (230) 23,160 (826) 29,360 (301) 24,980 (437) 32,420 (493) 32,180 (445) 27,730 (422) 27,910 (411) 29,860 

Tennessee ..................... 25,650 (291) 30,830 (378) 27,740 (386) 34,510 (432) 29,690 (624) 39,100 (756) 37,420 (553) 32,990 (481) 33,000 (527) 37,120 

Texas ............................. 26,950 (295) 34,770 (386) 29,010 (322) 38,140 (278) 33,440 (564) 46,710 (455) 42,890 (480) 39,150 (706) 39,500 (975) 41,100 

Utah ............................... 25,800 (195) 31,810 (375) 24,020 (271) 35,160 (525) 26,140 (259) 45,390 (679) 38,570 (863) 30,430 (745) 32,360 (480) 39,010 

Vermont ......................... 29,750 (494) 33,470 (733) 25,530 (671) 39,040 (840) ‡ (†) 46,720 (919) 43,430 (1,005) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 38,340 

Virginia........................... 29,410 (378) 34,060 (424) 28,420 (311) 37,520 (583) 31,990 (556) 45,760 (1,595) 43,440 (569) 37,170 (974) 38,270 (573) 39,800 

Washington.................... 33,150 (490) 36,330 (359) 26,770 (233) 40,040 (916) 31,010 (610) 49,840 (1,000) 44,650 (905) 37,220 (2,053) 34,310 (437) 42,380 

West Virginia.................. 26,980 (183) 30,040 (246) ‡ (†) 32,980 (344) ‡ (†) 35,910 (320) 34,410 (475) 29,030 (491) 31,030 (488) 34,070 Wisconsin ...................... 31,490 (351) 35,470 (331) 27,800 (194) 37,150 (634) 29,630 (479) 44,200 (1,291) 41,390 (859) 32,020 (651) 34,750 (706) 40,660 

Wyoming........................ 27,310 (247) 29,470 (248) 23,760 (266) 34,080 (576) 28,270 (1,408) 39,190 (1,900) 45,750 (543) 38,230 (863) 41,710 (825) 44,480 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met. NOTE: This table includes regular full-time teachers only; it excludes other staff even when they have full-time teaching duties(regular part-time teachers, itinerant teachers, long-term substitutes, administrators, library media specialists, other professional staff, and support staff). Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public School Teacher Questionnaire,” 1993–94, 1999–2000, 2003–04, and Questionnaire,” 1999–2000. (This table was prepared October 2009.)

Table 81. Average base salary for full-time public elementary and secondary school teachers with a master’s degree as their highest degree, by years of full-tim

1993–94, 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08

[In current dollars]

State 1993–94, total

1999–2000 2003–04 2007

Total 6 to 10 years Over 20 years Total 6 to 10 years Over 20 years Total 5 or fewer years 6 to 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

United States ........................ $38,480 (154) $44,700 (174) $38,350 (237) $50,760 (262) $49,440 (202) $44,410 (281) $55,960 (303) $54,810 (281) $44,560 (365) $50,540 

Alabama ........................................ 28,920 (156) 36,930 (145) 35,790 (298) 38,870 (215) 39,730 (383) 38,370 (329) 42,870 (779) 46,980 (436) 42,530 (725) 45,050 

Alaska............................................ 50,900 (373) 51,170 (662) 43,940 (576) 58,670 (860) 53,720 (1,005) 50,560 (1,420) 60,760 (1,387) 58,640 (800) 47,410 (1,823) 54,480 

Arizona .......................................... 35,280 (302) 38,150 (465) 33,130 (568) 45,050 (691) 41,310 (531) 37,850 (477) 46,850 (1,268) 43,910 (701) 37,710 (727) 39,600 

Arkansas........................................ 29,070 (322) 34,830 (483) ‡ (†) 38,740 (666) 39,480 (639) 33,970 (1,210) 44,920 (912) 45,460 (678) 39,630 (1,068) 42,450 

California ....................................... 43,420 (636) 50,800 (537) 44,820 (766) 56,960 (572) 59,160 (761) 54,150 (819) 69,990 (999) 65,040 (982) 50,230 (1,082) 59,930 Colorado ........................................ 36,580 (364) 41,200 (445) 37,350 (766) 47,410 (721) 47,960 (641) 42,330 (1,012) 55,610 (1,307) 50,140 (1,069) 39,460 (843) 46,050 

Connecticut.................................... 49,310 (416) 50,620 (590) 43,240 (795) 59,920 (604) 57,340 (934) 50,720 (810) 66,970 (743) 62,480 (762) 48,990 (1,085) 57,870 

Delaware........................................ 42,350 (535) 48,120 (910) ‡ (†) 55,520 (1,366) 54,670 (913) 46,820 (1,061) 63,070 (1,148) 56,930 (1,117) 45,420 (1,238) 52,280 District of Columbia ....................... 45,360 (828) 51,040 (472) ‡ (†) 54,750 (451) 55,450 (1,568) ‡ (†) 63,570 (2,537) 66,250 (1,933) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Florida............................................ 33,150 (487) 39,330 (476) 32,340 (468) 44,940 (583) 42,120 (784) 35,420 (1,016) 49,860 (1,027) 48,680 (985) 40,440 (822) 41,600 

Georgia.......................................... 31,890 (227) 41,950 (524) 38,130 (581) 47,230 (475) 47,540 (752) 44,100 (418) 52,370 (1,322) 51,600 (799) 43,860 (1,252) 48,020 Hawaii............................................ 36,430 (731) 39,280 (524) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 42,910 (967) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 49,380 (1,513) 45,040 (1,808) ‡ Idaho.............................................. 31,590 (440) 42,380 (772) ‡ (†) 48,950 (1,559) 44,140 (857) 38,380 (1,648) 48,580 (1,249) 47,020 (981) 37,290 (1,916) 41,150 

Illinois............................................. 42,400 (588) 47,770 (953) 41,850 (1,166) 55,180 (1,087) 54,110 (1,253) 46,450 (1,114) 61,560 (1,612) 61,330 (1,503) 49,570 (1,557) 53,930 

Indiana........................................... 38,040 (292) 45,480 (413) 36,090 (451) 49,420 (362) 49,760 (670) 38,030 (919) 53,650 (576) 51,640 (686) 39,240 (777) 43,470 

Iowa ............................................... 32,220 (571) 38,010 (494) 33,960 (1,468) 39,340 (714) 41,880 (608) 37,140 (1,001) 43,880 (900) 44,770 (829) ‡ (†) 39,040 Kansas........................................... 32,560 (314) 36,140 (428) 31,990 (622) 38,480 (502) 40,400 (755) 34,940 (963) 43,700 (912) 46,220 (955) ‡ (†) 41,240 

Kentucky ........................................ 31,390 (396) 36,380 (310) 32,810 (305) 41,260 (481) 40,570 (457) 37,440 (325) 45,610 (913) 46,270 (578) 40,530 (898) 42,750 

Louisiana ....................................... 27,300 (262) 33,120 (806) ‡ (†) 35,150 (1,051) 38,000 (558) ‡ (†) 40,860 (828) 44,090 (854) 38,040 (1,125) ‡ 

Maine............................................. 33,060 (499) 38,770 (458) ‡ (†) 42,340 (442) 42,460 (677) 36,100 (1,355) 47,860 (840) 44,820 (733) 36,120 (840) 38,970 Maryland........................................ 42,340 (406) 45,930 (1,055) 38,280 (736) 51,740 (900) 53,190 (1,307) 49,710 (4,001) 63,410 (1,462) 59,130 (1,422) 47,530 (1,060) 51,950 Massachusetts............................... 39,710 (254) 47,630 (370) 41,960 (680) 52,390 (334) 53,500 (714) 48,280 (823) 61,270 (670) 58,680 (894) 46,260 (1,535) 57,660 

Michigan ........................................ 47,660 (488) 53,050 (651) 46,020 (968) 59,050 (1,034) 59,680 (906) 53,680 (1,813) 65,900 (1,194) 63,100 (1,116) 47,490 (1,973) 56,030 

Minnesota ...................................... 40,710 (552) 46,050 (674) 40,420 (1,136) 51,980 (1,175) 49,590 (731) 43,490 (621) 57,090 (1,137) 55,040 (730) 43,200 (1,339) 49,930 

Mississippi ..................................... 26,600 (200) 34,170 (326) 29,040 (271) 38,460 (348) 38,460 (479) 33,710 (594) 44,060 (571) 44,170 (617) 35,720 (708) 40,110 

Missouri ......................................... 33,180 (625) 37,400 (747) 31,650 (1,028) 44,150 (1,067) 40,880 (761) 37,090 (1,071) 46,110 (1,604) 45,830 (1,020) 38,370 (1,795) 41,260 Montana......................................... 32,270 (423) 35,960 (728) 28,230 (508) 41,050 (1,237) 39,650 (885) ‡ (†) 43,280 (1,218) 45,970 (908) ‡ (†) 39,360 

Nebraska ....................................... 30,290 (538) 33,540 (536) 28,580 (667) 37,420 (936) 39,980 (784) 35,740 (1,248) 44,380 (1,023) 40,410 (913) ‡ (†) 37,490 

Nevada .......................................... 38,570 (353) 43,350 (429) ‡ (†) 49,500 (575) 45,770 (1,083) 44,120 (3,641) 49,900 (922) 50,050 (906) 41,050 (928) 47,280 New Hampshire ............................. 36,970 (505) 41,310 (689) ‡ (†) 46,210 (660) 45,140 (977) ‡ (†) 52,340 (636) 51,320 (1,002) 40,090 (1,020) 46,650 

New Jersey .................................... 50,950 (883) 57,410 (709) ‡ (†) 65,640 (670) 60,200 (1,571) 45,980 (962) 76,020 (1,723) 62,580 (1,901) 50,400 (1,853) 54,270 

New Mexico ................................... 28,400 (281) 35,570 (539) 30,590 (835) 40,060 (742) 40,100 (810) 34,170 (572) 48,440 (1,013) 47,200 (833) 38,550 (1,391) 44,420 

New York........................................ 47,440 (840) 53,130 (923) 42,590 (884) 66,450 (1,150) 56,650 (746) 50,450 (1,119) 67,470 (1,703) 64,300 (1,698) 51,640 (1,444) 58,520 North Carolina ............................... 29,180 (306) 36,810 (542) 33,780 (725) 41,890 (756) 42,720 (641) 36,440 (778) 48,390 (644) 45,470 (1,321) 34,620 (1,680) 40,790 

North Dakota ................................. 28,520 (730) 32,920 (559) ‡ (†) 35,380 (828) 39,710 (789) ‡ (†) 43,130 (1,234) 44,090 (885) ‡ (†) 40,400 Ohio ............................................... 37,960 (550) 43,420 (585) 35,820 (1,054) 48,710 (836) 50,090 (689) 43,810 (692) 55,920 (852) 55,680 (982) 43,220 (1,658) 49,420 Oklahoma ...................................... 28,510 (186) 31,990 (261) 28,260 (333) 34,280 (458) 34,580 (319) 31,370 (329) 38,060 (351) 40,220 (486) 35,220 (905) 36,550 Oregon........................................... 36,930 (471) 42,180 (588) 37,840 (764) 47,990 (1,031) 45,850 (647) 41,580 (1,019) 54,690 (808) 48,170 (914) 41,260 (718) 46,830 

Pennsylvania.................................. 44,830 (816) 50,790 (1,027) 43,650 (1,633) 57,220 (1,154) 54,800 (925) 46,210 (1,322) 64,100 (910) 62,340 (1,667) 46,320 (2,076) 52,120 Rhode Island ................................. 41,630 (303) 48,610 (204) ‡ (†) 52,300 (169) 55,110 (909) 49,330 (2,504) 60,180 (1,080) 65,180 (1,137) ‡ (†) ‡ 

South Carolina............................... 31,860 (208) 38,390 (528) 32,850 (657) 41,660 (960) 42,910 (625) 37,780 (814) 49,410 (679) 46,480 (529) 37,980 (1,063) 41,280 South Dakota................................. 28,110 (449) 32,800 (443) ‡ (†) 35,910 (727) 37,670 (801) 31,200 (971) 41,740 (1,162) 39,880 (764) ‡ (†) 35,110 

Tennessee ..................................... 30,270 (350) 35,610 (414) 31,750 (533) 38,470 (648) 39,620 (543) 36,120 (835) 42,860 (892) 43,730 (694) 36,320 (727) 39,840 

Texas ............................................. 31,610 (355) 40,280 (453) 33,280 (548) 44,820 (764) 43,370 (723) 37,590 (872) 49,650 (881) 47,520 (1,129) 42,320 (1,032) 44,490 Utah ............................................... 32,590 (277) 39,880 (586) ‡ (†) 44,960 (1,332) 43,370 (636) 36,950 (1,534) 48,730 (598) 47,200 (1,092) 38,370 (1,444) 41,020 

Vermont ......................................... 36,770 (594) 37,260 (668) ‡ (†) 42,340 (1,073) 44,740 (926) ‡ (†) 51,090 (1,076) 51,320 (987) ‡ (†) 44,780 

Virginia........................................... 33,740 (579) 40,230 (668) 35,880 (668) 46,640 (1,263) 43,860 (948) 41,140 (1,342) 50,370 (1,581) 50,910 (1,572) 43,280 (1,727) 43,090 Washington.................................... 38,270 (398) 43,160 (364) 36,450 (533) 48,630 (566) 47,970 (500) 43,230 (829) 55,050 (731) 51,800 (649) 41,470 (866) 47,380 West Virginia.................................. 32,130 (195) 36,590 (226) ‡ (†) 38,830 (240) 40,440 (716) 33,580 (668) 42,840 (1,081) 43,090 (477) 35,520 (983) 37,120 Wisconsin ...................................... 40,920 (486) 46,420 (512) 39,570 (669) 49,520 (588) 47,750 (713) 40,870 (956) 53,980 (817) 52,210 (873) 40,570 (2,096) 46,650 

Wyoming........................................ 32,490 (371) 36,120 (497) ‡ (†) 38,480 (810) 41,610 (1,014) ‡ (†) 44,490 (1,557) 52,990 (932) ‡ (†) 49,530 
124 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1The average monetary remuneration earned by FTE employees across all industries in a

given year, including wages, salaries, commissions, tips, bonuses, voluntary employee

contributions to certain deferred compensation plans, and receipts in kind that represent

income. Calendar-year data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic

Analysis, have been converted to a school-year basis by averaging the two appropriate calendar years in each case.

2Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors

are not available for these estimates, which are based on state reports.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Estimates of School Statistics, 1959–60 through

2009–10; and unpublished tabulations. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic

Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts, tables 6.6B-D, retrieved April 25, 2010,

from http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp. (This table was prepared May

2010.)

Table 82. Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1959–60 through 2009–10

School year

Current dollars

Average public school teachers’ salary in 

constant 2008–09 dollars2

Average public school teachers’ salary Wage and salary

accruals per fulltime-equivalent

(FTE) employee1

Ratio of average

teachers’ salary

to accruals per

FTE employee All teachers

Elementary

teachers

Secondary

All teachers teachers

Elementary

teachers

Secondary

teachers

1 2345678 9

1959–60........................................................... $4,995 $4,815 $5,276 $4,749 1.05 $36,491 $35,176 $38,544

1961–62........................................................... 5,515 5,340 5,775 5,063 1.09 39,385 38,135 41,242

1963–64........................................................... 5,995 5,805 6,266 5,478 1.09 41,725 40,402 43,611

1965–66........................................................... 6,485 6,279 6,761 5,934 1.09 43,627 42,241 45,484

1967–68........................................................... 7,423 7,208 7,692 6,533 1.14 46,854 45,497 48,552

1969–70........................................................... 8,626 8,412 8,891 7,486 1.15 49,018 47,801 50,523

1970–71........................................................... 9,268 9,021 9,568 7,998 1.16 50,081 48,746 51,702

1971–72........................................................... 9,705 9,424 10,031 8,521 1.14 50,626 49,160 52,326

1972–73........................................................... 10,174 9,893 10,507 9,056 1.12 51,017 49,608 52,687

1973–74........................................................... 10,770 10,507 11,077 9,667 1.11 49,584 48,373 50,998

1974–75........................................................... 11,641 11,334 12,000 10,411 1.12 48,247 46,975 49,735

1975–76........................................................... 12,600 12,280 12,937 11,194 1.13 48,770 47,531 50,074

1976–77........................................................... 13,354 12,989 13,776 11,971 1.12 48,840 47,505 50,384

1977–78........................................................... 14,198 13,845 14,602 12,811 1.11 48,660 47,450 50,044

1978–79........................................................... 15,032 14,681 15,450 13,807 1.09 47,106 46,006 48,416

1979–80........................................................... 15,970 15,569 16,459 15,050 1.06 44,157 43,049 45,509

1980–81........................................................... 17,644 17,230 18,142 16,461 1.07 43,722 42,696 44,956

1981–82........................................................... 19,274 18,853 19,805 17,795 1.08 43,963 43,003 45,175

1982–83........................................................... 20,695 20,227 21,291 18,873 1.10 45,261 44,237 46,564

1983–84........................................................... 21,935 21,487 22,554 19,781 1.11 46,260 45,316 47,566

1984–85........................................................... 23,600 23,200 24,187 20,694 1.14 47,897 47,085 49,088

1985–86........................................................... 25,199 24,718 25,846 21,685 1.16 49,709 48,760 50,985

1986–87........................................................... 26,569 26,057 27,244 22,700 1.17 51,273 50,285 52,576

1987–88........................................................... 28,034 27,519 28,798 23,777 1.18 51,948 50,993 53,363

1988–89........................................................... 29,564 29,022 30,218 24,752 1.19 52,364 51,404 53,523

1989–90........................................................... 31,367 30,832 32,049 25,762 1.22 53,028 52,123 54,180

1990–91........................................................... 33,084 32,490 33,896 26,935 1.23 53,031 52,079 54,332

1991–92........................................................... 34,063 33,479 34,827 28,169 1.21 52,905 51,998 54,092

1992–93........................................................... 35,029 34,350 35,880 29,245 1.20 52,757 51,735 54,039

1993–94........................................................... 35,737 35,233 36,566 30,030 1.19 52,465 51,725 53,682

1994–95........................................................... 36,675 36,088 37,523 30,857 1.19 52,341 51,504 53,552

1995–96........................................................... 37,642 37,138 38,397 31,822 1.18 52,299 51,598 53,348

1996–97........................................................... 38,443 38,039 39,184 33,058 1.16 51,930 51,384 52,931

1997–98........................................................... 39,350 39,002 39,944 34,635 1.14 52,224 51,762 53,012

1998–99........................................................... 40,544 40,165 41,203 36,306 1.12 52,893 52,398 53,752

1999–2000....................................................... 41,807 41,306 42,546 38,176 1.10 53,010 52,375 53,947

2000–01........................................................... 43,378 42,910 44,053 39,722 1.09 53,180 52,606 54,008

2001–02........................................................... 44,655 44,177 45,310 40,579 1.10 53,793 53,218 54,582

2002–03........................................................... 45,686 45,408 46,106 41,704 1.10 53,852 53,524 54,347

2003–04........................................................... 46,542 46,187 46,976 43,301 1.07 53,686 53,277 54,187

2004–05........................................................... 47,516 47,122 47,688 44,941 1.06 53,209 52,767 53,401

2005–06........................................................... 49,086 48,573 49,496 46,755 1.05 52,950 52,397 53,393

2006–07........................................................... 51,052 50,740 51,529 48,867 1.04 53,683 53,355 54,184

2007–08........................................................... 52,800 52,385 53,262 50,627 1.04 53,537 53,116 54,006

2008–09........................................................... 54,319 53,998 54,552 51,595 1.05 54,319 53,998 54,552

2009–10........................................................... 55,350 55,311 55,032 — — 54,819 54,781 54,505
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 125

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. The CPI does not account

for differences in inflation rates from state to state.

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors are not

available for these estimates, which are based on state reports.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Estimates of School Statistics, 1969–70 through

2009–10. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 83. Estimated average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1969–70 through 2009–10

State

Current dollars Constant 2008–09 dollars1

1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1999–2000 2004–05 2008–09 2009–10 1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1999–2000 2004–05 2008–09 2009–10

Percent

change,

1999–2000

to 2009–10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

United States... $8,626 $15,970 $31,367 $41,807 $47,516 $54,319 $55,350 $49,018 $44,157 $53,028 $53,010 $53,209 $54,319 $54,819 3.4

Alabama ................. 6,818 13,060 24,828 36,689 38,186 46,879 47,156 38,744 36,111 41,973 46,521 42,761 46,879 46,704 0.4

Alaska..................... 10,560 27,210 43,153 46,462 52,424 58,395 59,729 60,008 75,236 72,952 58,913 58,705 58,395 59,157 0.4

Arizona ................... 8,711 15,054 29,402 36,902 42,905 46,358 46,952 49,501 41,625 49,706 46,791 48,045 46,358 46,502 -0.6

Arkansas................. 6,307 12,299 22,352 33,386 40,495 47,472 49,051 35,840 34,007 37,787 42,333 45,347 47,472 48,581 14.8

California ................ 10,315 18,020 37,998 47,680 57,876 68,093 70,458 58,615 49,826 64,238 60,457 64,810 68,093 69,783 15.4

Colorado ................. 7,761 16,205 30,758 38,163 43,949 48,487 49,505 44,102 44,807 51,998 48,390 49,214 48,487 49,031 1.3

Connecticut............. 9,262 16,229 40,461 51,780 57,737 63,152 64,350 52,632 44,874 68,401 65,656 64,654 63,152 63,733 -2.9

Delaware................. 9,015 16,148 33,377 44,435 50,595 56,667 57,080 51,228 44,650 56,426 56,343 56,657 56,667 56,533 0.3

District of Columbia .. 10,285 22,190 38,402 47,076 58,456 62,557 64,548 58,445 61,356 64,921 59,691 65,459 62,557 63,929 7.1

Florida..................... 8,412 14,149 28,803 36,722 41,590 46,921 46,912 47,801 39,122 48,693 46,563 46,573 46,921 46,462 -0.2

Georgia................... 7,276 13,853 28,006 41,023 46,526 52,879 54,274 41,346 38,304 47,346 52,016 52,100 52,879 53,754 3.3

Hawaii..................... 9,453 19,920 32,047 40,578 46,149 55,733 58,168 53,717 55,079 54,177 51,452 51,678 55,733 57,610 12.0

Idaho....................... 6,890 13,611 23,861 35,547 42,122 45,178 46,283 39,153 37,635 40,338 45,073 47,169 45,178 45,839 1.7

Illinois...................... 9,569 17,601 32,794 46,486 55,421 61,344 62,077 54,376 48,667 55,440 58,943 62,061 61,344 61,482 4.3

Indiana.................... 8,833 15,599 30,902 41,850 46,583 49,569 49,986 50,194 43,132 52,241 53,065 52,164 49,569 49,507 -6.7

Iowa ........................ 8,355 15,203 26,747 35,678 39,284 48,638 50,547 47,478 42,037 45,217 45,239 43,991 48,638 50,063 10.7

Kansas.................... 7,612 13,690 28,744 34,981 39,345 46,401 46,957 43,255 37,853 48,593 44,355 44,059 46,401 46,507 4.9

Kentucky ................. 6,953 14,520 26,292 36,380 40,522 47,875 48,354 39,511 40,148 44,448 46,129 45,377 47,875 47,891 3.8

Louisiana ................ 7,028 13,760 24,300 33,109 39,022 48,627 50,349 39,937 38,047 41,080 41,981 43,697 48,627 49,866 18.8

Maine...................... 7,572 13,071 26,881 35,561 39,610 44,731 46,106 43,028 36,142 45,444 45,090 44,356 44,731 45,664 1.3

Maryland................. 9,383 17,558 36,319 44,048 52,331 62,849 65,333 53,319 48,548 61,399 55,852 58,601 62,849 64,707 15.9

Massachusetts........ 8,764 17,253 34,712 46,580 54,679 66,712 68,000 49,802 47,705 58,682 59,062 61,230 66,712 67,348 14.0

Michigan ................. 9,826 19,663 37,072 49,044 56,973 57,327 57,958 55,837 54,369 62,672 62,187 63,799 57,327 57,402 -7.7

Minnesota ............... 8,658 15,912 32,190 39,802 46,906 51,938 53,069 49,199 43,997 54,419 50,468 52,526 51,938 52,560 4.1

Mississippi .............. 5,798 11,850 24,292 31,857 36,590 44,498 45,644 32,947 32,765 41,067 40,394 40,974 44,498 45,207 11.9

Missouri .................. 7,799 13,682 27,094 35,656 39,067 44,249 45,317 44,318 37,831 45,804 45,211 43,748 44,249 44,883 -0.7

Montana.................. 7,606 14,537 25,081 32,121 38,485 44,426 45,759 43,221 40,195 42,401 40,729 43,096 44,426 45,320 11.3

Nebraska ................ 7,375 13,516 25,522 33,237 39,456 44,957 46,080 41,909 37,372 43,146 42,144 44,183 44,957 45,638 8.3

Nevada ................... 9,215 16,295 30,590 39,390 43,394 50,067 51,524 52,365 45,056 51,714 49,946 48,593 50,067 51,030 2.2

New Hampshire ...... 7,771 13,017 28,986 37,734 43,941 49,872 51,365 44,159 35,992 49,002 47,846 49,205 49,872 50,873 6.3

New Jersey ............. 9,130 17,161 35,676 52,015 56,682 63,111 64,809 51,882 47,451 60,312 65,954 63,473 63,111 64,188 -2.7

New Mexico ............ 7,796 14,887 24,756 32,554 39,391 45,752 46,401 44,301 41,163 41,851 41,278 44,110 45,752 45,956 11.3

New York................. 10,336 19,812 38,925 51,020 56,200 69,118 71,470 58,735 54,781 65,805 64,692 62,933 69,118 70,785 9.4

North Carolina ........ 7,494 14,117 27,883 39,404 43,348 48,648 48,648 42,585 39,034 47,138 49,963 48,541 48,648 48,182 -3.6

North Dakota .......... 6,696 13,263 23,016 29,863 36,695 41,654 42,964 38,050 36,672 38,910 37,866 41,091 41,654 42,552 12.4

Ohio ........................ 8,300 15,269 31,218 41,436 48,692 54,656 55,931 47,165 42,219 52,776 52,540 54,526 54,656 55,395 5.4

Oklahoma ............... 6,882 13,107 23,070 31,298 37,879 43,846 44,143 39,107 36,241 39,001 39,685 42,417 43,846 43,720 10.2

Oregon.................... 8,818 16,266 30,840 42,336 48,330 54,085 55,224 50,109 44,976 52,137 53,681 54,120 54,085 54,695 1.9

Pennsylvania........... 8,858 16,515 33,338 48,321 53,258 57,237 58,124 50,336 45,664 56,360 61,270 59,639 57,237 57,567 -6.0

Rhode Island .......... 8,776 18,002 36,057 47,041 53,473 58,407 59,636 49,870 49,776 60,956 59,647 59,879 58,407 59,064 -1.0

South Carolina........ 6,927 13,063 27,217 36,081 42,189 47,421 48,417 39,363 36,119 46,012 45,750 47,244 47,421 47,953 4.8

South Dakota.......... 6,403 12,348 21,300 29,071 34,040 35,070 35,136 36,385 34,142 36,009 36,861 38,118 35,070 34,799 -5.6

Tennessee .............. 7,050 13,972 27,052 36,328 42,076 45,549 46,290 40,062 38,633 45,733 46,063 47,117 45,549 45,846 -0.5

Texas ...................... 7,255 14,132 27,496 37,567 41,011 47,157 47,157 41,227 39,075 46,483 47,634 45,924 47,157 46,705 -2.0

Utah ........................ 7,644 14,909 23,686 34,946 39,456 42,335 43,068 43,437 41,224 40,042 44,311 44,183 42,335 42,655 -3.7

Vermont .................. 7,968 12,484 29,012 37,758 44,535 47,884 49,053 45,278 34,519 49,046 47,876 49,871 47,884 48,583 1.5

Virginia.................... 8,070 14,060 30,938 38,744 42,768 48,365 49,999 45,858 38,876 52,302 49,126 47,892 48,365 49,520 0.8

Washington............. 9,225 18,820 30,457 41,043 45,718 52,567 53,653 52,421 52,038 51,489 52,042 51,195 52,567 53,139 2.1

West Virginia........... 7,650 13,710 22,842 35,009 38,360 44,701 45,959 43,471 37,908 38,616 44,391 42,956 44,701 45,518 2.5

Wisconsin ............... 8,963 16,006 31,921 41,153 44,299 51,121 52,644 50,933 44,257 53,964 52,181 49,606 51,121 52,139 -0.1

Wyoming................. 8,232 16,012 28,141 34,127 40,497 54,602 55,694 46,779 44,274 47,574 43,272 45,349 54,602 55,160 27.5
126 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Includes school district administrative support staff, school and library support staff, student

support staff, and other support services staff.

2Because of classification revisions, categories other than teachers, principals, librarians, and

guidance counselors are only roughly comparable to figures for years after 1980.

3Data included in column 8. 

NOTE: Data for 1949–50 through 1969–70 are cumulative for the entire school year, rather

than counts as of the fall of the year. Some data have been revised from previously published

figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of

State School Systems, various years; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools,

various years; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1986–87 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November

2010.)

Table 84. Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by functional area: Selected years, 1949–50 through fall 2008

[In full-time equivalents]

School year Total

School district administrative staff Instructional staff

Support staff1 Total

Officials and

administrators

Instruction

coordinators Total

Principals and

assistant

principals Teachers

Instructional

aides Librarians

Guidance

counselors

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1949–502 .......................................... 1,300,031 33,642 23,868 9,774 956,808 43,137 913,671 (3

) (3) (3) 309,582

1959–602 .......................................... 2,089,283 42,423 28,648 13,775 1,448,931 63,554 1,353,372 (3

) 17,363 14,643 597,929

1969–702 .......................................... 3,360,763 65,282 33,745 31,537 2,255,707 90,593 2,016,244 57,418 42,689 48,763 1,039,774

Fall 19802.......................................... 4,168,286 78,784 58,230 20,554 2,729,023 107,061 2,184,216 325,755 48,018 63,973 1,360,479

Fall 1990 ........................................... 4,494,076 75,868 — — 3,051,404 127,417 2,398,169 395,959 49,909 79,950 1,366,804

Fall 1993 ........................................... 4,808,080 80,862 47,614 33,248 3,209,381 121,486 2,503,901 450,519 50,511 82,964 1,517,837

Fall 1994 ........................................... 4,904,757 81,867 48,827 33,040 3,280,752 120,017 2,551,875 473,348 50,668 84,844 1,542,138

Fall 1995 ........................................... 4,994,358 82,998 49,315 33,683 3,351,528 120,629 2,598,220 494,289 50,862 87,528 1,559,832

Fall 1996 ........................................... 5,091,205 81,975 48,480 33,495 3,447,580 123,734 2,667,419 516,356 51,464 88,607 1,561,650

Fall 1997 ........................................... 5,266,415 85,267 50,432 34,835 3,572,955 126,129 2,746,157 557,453 52,142 91,074 1,608,193

Fall 1998 ........................................... 5,419,181 88,939 52,975 35,964 3,693,630 129,317 2,830,286 588,108 52,805 93,114 1,636,612

Fall 1999 ........................................... 5,632,004 94,134 55,467 38,667 3,819,057 137,199 2,910,633 621,942 53,659 95,624 1,718,813

Fall 2000 ........................................... 5,709,753 97,270 57,837 39,433 3,876,628 141,792 2,941,461 641,392 54,246 97,737 1,735,855

Fall 2001 ........................................... 5,904,195 109,526 63,517 46,009 3,989,211 160,543 2,999,528 674,741 54,350 100,049 1,805,458

Fall 2002 ........................................... 5,954,661 110,777 62,781 47,996 4,016,963 164,171 3,034,123 663,552 54,205 100,912 1,826,921

Fall 2003 ........................................... 5,953,667 107,483 63,418 44,065 4,052,739 165,233 3,048,652 685,118 54,349 99,387 1,793,445

Fall 2004 ........................................... 6,058,174 111,832 64,101 47,731 4,120,063 165,657 3,090,925 707,514 54,145 101,822 1,826,279

Fall 2005 ........................................... 6,130,686 121,164 62,464 58,700 4,151,236 156,454 3,143,003 693,792 54,057 103,930 1,858,286

Fall 2006 ........................................... 6,153,735 118,707 53,722 64,985 4,186,968 153,673 3,166,391 709,715 54,444 102,745 1,848,060

Fall 2007 ........................................... 6,215,635 130,046 59,369 70,677 4,213,729 157,564 3,178,142 718,119 54,385 105,519 1,871,860

Fall 2008 ........................................... 6,318,395 135,610 62,153 73,457 4,274,792 159,711 3,219,458 734,010 53,805 107,808 1,907,993

Percentage distribution

1949–502 .......................................... 100.0 2.6 1.8 0.8 73.6 3.3 70.3 (3) (3) (3

) 23.8

1959–602 .......................................... 100.0 2.0 1.4 0.7 69.4 3.0 64.8 (3) 0.8 0.7 28.6

1969–702 .......................................... 100.0 1.9 1.0 0.9 67.1 2.7 60.0 1.7 1.3 1.5 30.9

Fall 19802.......................................... 100.0 1.9 1.4 0.5 65.5 2.6 52.4 7.8 1.2 1.5 32.6

Fall 1990 ........................................... 100.0 1.7 — — 67.9 2.8 53.4 8.8 1.1 1.8 30.4

Fall 1993 ........................................... 100.0 1.7 1.0 0.7 66.7 2.5 52.1 9.4 1.1 1.7 31.6

Fall 1994 ........................................... 100.0 1.7 1.0 0.7 66.9 2.4 52.0 9.7 1.0 1.7 31.4

Fall 1995 ........................................... 100.0 1.7 1.0 0.7 67.1 2.4 52.0 9.9 1.0 1.8 31.2

Fall 1996 ........................................... 100.0 1.6 1.0 0.7 67.7 2.4 52.4 10.1 1.0 1.7 30.7

Fall 1997 ........................................... 100.0 1.6 1.0 0.7 67.8 2.4 52.1 10.6 1.0 1.7 30.5

Fall 1998 ........................................... 100.0 1.6 1.0 0.7 68.2 2.4 52.2 10.9 1.0 1.7 30.2

Fall 1999 ........................................... 100.0 1.7 1.0 0.7 67.8 2.4 51.7 11.0 1.0 1.7 30.5

Fall 2000 ........................................... 100.0 1.7 1.0 0.7 67.9 2.5 51.5 11.2 1.0 1.7 30.4

Fall 2001 ........................................... 100.0 1.9 1.1 0.8 67.6 2.7 50.8 11.4 0.9 1.7 30.6

Fall 2002 ........................................... 100.0 1.9 1.1 0.8 67.5 2.8 51.0 11.1 0.9 1.7 30.7

Fall 2003 ........................................... 100.0 1.8 1.1 0.7 68.1 2.8 51.2 11.5 0.9 1.7 30.1

Fall 2004 ........................................... 100.0 1.8 1.1 0.8 68.0 2.7 51.0 11.7 0.9 1.7 30.1

Fall 2005 ........................................... 100.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 67.7 2.6 51.3 11.3 0.9 1.7 30.3

Fall 2006 ........................................... 100.0 1.9 0.9 1.1 68.0 2.5 51.5 11.5 0.9 1.7 30.0

Fall 2007 ........................................... 100.0 2.1 1.0 1.1 67.8 2.5 51.1 11.6 0.9 1.7 30.1

Fall 2008 ........................................... 100.0 2.1 1.0 1.2 67.7 2.5 51.0 11.6 0.9 1.7 30.2

Pupils per staff member

1949–502 .......................................... 19.3 746.4 1,052.1 2,569.2 26.2 582.1 27.5 (3

) (3) (3) 81.1

1959–602 .......................................... 16.8 829.3 1,228.1 2,554.1 24.3 553.6 26.0 (3) 2,026.3 2,402.7 58.8

1969–702 .......................................... 13.6 697.7 1,349.8 1,444.3 20.2 502.8 22.6 793.3 1,067.0 934.1 43.8

Fall 19802.......................................... 9.8 518.9 702.0 1,988.8 15.0 381.8 18.7 125.5 851.3 639.0 30.0

Fall 1990 ........................................... 9.2 543.3 — — 13.5 323.5 17.2 104.1 825.8 515.5 30.2

Fall 1993 ........................................... 9.0 537.5 912.9 1,307.3 13.5 357.8 17.4 96.5 860.5 523.9 28.6

Fall 1994 ........................................... 9.0 538.8 903.4 1,335.1 13.4 367.5 17.3 93.2 870.6 519.9 28.6

Fall 1995 ........................................... 9.0 540.3 909.3 1,331.2 13.4 371.7 17.3 90.7 881.6 512.3 28.7

Fall 1996 ........................................... 9.0 556.4 940.8 1,361.7 13.2 368.6 17.1 88.3 886.3 514.8 29.2

Fall 1997 ........................................... 8.8 541.0 914.6 1,324.2 12.9 365.7 16.8 82.7 884.6 506.5 28.7

Fall 1998 ........................................... 8.6 523.3 878.5 1,294.0 12.6 359.9 16.4 79.1 881.3 499.8 28.4

Fall 1999 ........................................... 8.3 497.8 844.8 1,211.8 12.3 341.5 16.1 75.3 873.2 490.0 27.3

Fall 2000 ........................................... 8.3 485.3 816.1 1,197.1 12.2 332.9 16.0 73.6 870.2 483.0 27.2

Fall 2001 ........................................... 8.1 435.3 750.5 1,036.1 12.0 296.9 15.9 70.7 877.1 476.5 26.4

Fall 2002 ........................................... 8.1 435.0 767.5 1,003.9 12.0 293.5 15.9 72.6 888.9 477.5 26.4

Fall 2003 ........................................... 8.2 451.6 765.4 1,101.6 12.0 293.8 15.9 70.8 893.1 488.4 27.1

Fall 2004 ........................................... 8.1 436.3 761.2 1,022.3 11.8 294.6 15.8 69.0 901.2 479.2 26.7

Fall 2005 ........................................... 8.0 405.3 786.3 836.7 11.8 313.9 15.6 70.8 908.5 472.6 26.4

Fall 2006 ........................................... 8.0 415.4 918.0 758.9 11.8 320.9 15.6 69.5 905.8 480.0 26.7

Fall 2007 ........................................... 7.9 379.0 830.3 697.4 11.7 312.8 15.5 68.6 906.4 467.1 26.3

Fall 2008 ........................................... 7.8 363.3 792.6 670.7 11.5 308.5 15.3 67.1 915.6 457.0 25.8
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 127

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Includes imputations for undercounts in states as designated in footnotes 2 through 9.

2Includes imputations for instruction coordinators.

3Includes imputations for prekindergarten teachers.

4Includes imputations for administrative support staff.

5Includes imputations for library support staff.

6Includes imputations for school support staff.

7Includes imputations for instructional aides.

8Includes imputations for other support services staff.

9Includes imputations for principals and assistant principals.

NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 85. Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by type of assignment and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008

[In full-time equivalents]

State or jurisdiction Total

School district staff School staff

Student

support staff

Other

support

services staff

Officials and

administrators

Administrative

support staff

Instruction

coordinators

Principals

and assistant

principals

School and

library

support staff Teachers

Instructional

aides

Guidance

counselors Librarians

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States1 ........... 6,318,395 62,153 189,196 73,457 159,711 285,693 3,219,458 734,010 107,808 53,805 252,394 1,180,710

Alabama ............................ 95,368 884 1,755 1,032 2,706 4,031 47,818 6,914 1,873 1,425 2,316 24,614

Alaska2

............................... 17,160 523 755 190 758 1,248 7,927 2,190 280 170 435 2,684

Arizona .............................. 105,548 439 731 133 2,610 7,224 54,696 15,621 1,465 733 7,516 14,380

Arkansas............................ 71,270 713 2,287 837 1,703 3,465 37,162 7,794 1,440 1,007 5,006 9,856

California3 .......................... 585,684 3,959 23,479 7,129 14,556 37,011 303,647 68,652 7,768 1,159 18,060 100,264

Colorado ............................ 102,566 1,199 5,003 2,201 2,816 5,205 48,692 15,010 2,117 840 5,394 14,089

Connecticut........................ 92,467 725 3,087 2,000 340 2,435 48,463 13,745 1,119 817 2,547 17,189

Delaware............................ 14,821 340 334 296 402 413 8,322 1,550 285 137 754 1,988

District of Columbia ........... 12,131 226 776 405 368 651 5,321 1,252 250 127 633 2,122

Florida................................ 340,713 2,046 14,563 686 7,819 16,835 186,361 28,622 6,058 2,834 10,174 64,715

Georgia.............................. 239,139 2,352 2,689 2,042 6,546 10,621 118,839 27,950 3,691 2,300 7,893 54,216

Hawaii................................ 21,610 228 361 616 519 1,252 11,295 2,231 661 249 1,689 2,509

Idaho.................................. 27,261 137 625 264 751 1,140 15,148 2,909 634 140 574 4,939

Illinois4,5,6,7,8........................ 221,005 2,369 2,446 3,168 7,478 3,853 135,704 30,148 3,155 2,057 9,350 21,277

Indiana............................... 141,979 1,145 780 1,983 3,199 8,855 62,668 23,120 1,939 951 2,167 35,172

Iowa ................................... 72,350 977 1,591 459 1,655 3,425 35,961 10,805 1,377 590 2,540 12,970

Kansas............................... 55,355 479 123 96 1,868 2,803 35,883 9,204 1,125 895 1,561 1,318

Kentucky ............................ 100,217 932 2,526 942 3,048 6,073 43,451 14,076 1,461 1,120 2,640 23,948

Louisiana ........................... 100,873 350 2,789 1,864 2,852 3,794 49,377 11,380 2,878 1,195 3,677 20,717

Maine................................. 36,459 676 1,170 293 1,194 2,045 15,912 5,900 606 247 1,721 6,695

Maryland............................ 116,856 3,400 2,288 1,888 3,646 6,806 58,940 11,256 2,428 1,235 4,639 20,330

Massachusetts................... 123,636 2,264 3,529 493 4,414 6,946 70,398 22,832 2,222 867 8,229 1,442

Michigan ............................ 208,058 3,292 1,275 3,573 5,006 13,474 94,754 22,396 2,602 1,037 13,289 47,360

Minnesota .......................... 109,222 2,069 2,247 1,783 2,118 4,996 53,083 16,128 1,101 813 11,772 13,112

Mississippi ......................... 72,050 1,008 2,064 712 1,967 2,792 33,358 8,978 2,099 973 2,893 15,206

Missouri ............................. 132,676 1,330 8,786 951 2,988 481 68,015 13,027 2,469 1,400 4,896 28,333

Montana5,6,8 ....................... 18,315 169 486 159 544 188 9,570 2,184 459 381 687 3,488

Nebraska ........................... 43,444 624 984 883 1,038 1,965 20,258 6,024 799 568 1,304 8,997

Nevada2,5,6,7 ....................... 33,548 25 971 1,368 1,049 1,679 21,993 4,143 848 367 84 1,021

New Hampshire ................. 31,908 677 738 167 325 621 15,661 7,095 851 324 321 5,128

New Jersey2,5,6,8,9 ............... 205,672 1,458 6,197 2,803 1,377 8,850 114,713 25,891 2,252 1,777 12,565 27,789

New Mexico ....................... 47,850 842 70 807 1,335 4,099 22,825 6,347 844 295 3,103 7,283

New York............................ 428,139 3,114 23,121 2,556 9,507 8,853 217,944 39,748 6,673 3,128 12,352 101,143

North Carolina ................... 207,859 1,676 5,120 2,366 5,016 7,950 109,634 29,008 3,984 2,352 8,095 32,658

North Dakota ..................... 15,636 468 152 124 409 506 8,181 2,062 283 193 529 2,729

Ohio ................................... 244,730 2,109 14,166 1,600 5,121 13,917 112,845 19,053 3,642 1,355 19,376 51,546

Oklahoma .......................... 87,478 609 3,177 381 2,209 4,287 46,571 8,039 1,693 1,116 3,910 15,486

Oregon............................... 65,106 464 3,449 367 1,671 4,682 30,152 10,401 1,103 377 2,163 10,277

Pennsylvania...................... 251,928 2,693 7,054 1,689 5,846 12,013 129,708 28,839 4,597 2,197 8,746 48,546

Rhode Island ..................... 18,598 72 454 80 465 735 11,316 2,167 408 308 561 2,032

South Carolina................... 69,790 643 574 520 2,522 914 49,941 8,521 1,873 1,135 2,991 156

South Dakota..................... 18,391 624 407 102 415 512 9,244 2,520 317 141 713 3,396

Tennessee ......................... 126,841 166 839 839 3,336 5,045 64,926 15,790 2,756 1,907 827 30,410

Texas ................................. 649,381 6,075 21,238 3,531 20,934 26,842 327,905 62,746 10,936 5,084 21,591 142,499

Utah ................................... 49,057 382 809 1,526 1,223 2,807 23,657 7,933 764 262 1,129 8,565

Vermont ............................. 19,370 147 432 256 520 968 8,766 4,467 447 225 924 2,218

Virginia............................... 203,567 1,735 4,792 12,599 4,697 8,827 71,415 20,204 4,009 2,041 7,087 66,161

Washington........................ 104,617 1,189 1,667 542 2,878 5,303 54,428 10,436 2,111 1,238 2,939 21,886

West Virginia...................... 38,258 744 1,128 252 1,104 790 20,209 3,514 730 364 1,591 7,832

Wisconsin .......................... 106,597 1,027 2,673 1,469 2,495 4,516 59,401 10,978 1,884 1,182 5,959 15,013

Wyoming............................ 15,841 359 439 435 348 950 7,000 2,210 442 170 482 3,006

Bureau of Indian Education . ——————————— —

DoD, overseas ................... 7,526 57 47 91 214 682 4,551 491 213 120 331 729

DoD, domestic ................... 3,845 43 21 28 100 283 2,145 350 89 69 154 563

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... — — — — — — — — — — — —

Guam ............................. — — — — — — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas......... 1,043 6 56 8 36 69 514 216 17 0 30 91

Puerto Rico.................... 70,034 258 2,470 454 1,427 3,570 39,356 191 952 1,303 3,828 16,225

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 2,472 25 40 68 87 121 1,331 240 91 29 275 165
128 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Includes imputations for undercounts in states as designated in footnotes 2 through 9.

2Includes imputations for instruction coordinators.

3Includes imputations for instructional aides.

4Includes imputations for prekindergarten teachers.

5Includes imputations for library support staff.

6Includes imputations for school support staff.

7Includes imputations for administrative support staff.

8Includes imputations for other support services staff.

9Includes imputations for student support staff.

NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2007–08. (This table was prepared September 2009.)

Table 86. Staff employed in public elementary and secondary school systems, by type of assignment and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2007

[In full-time equivalents]

State or jurisdiction Total

School district staff School staff

Student

support staff

Other

support

services staff

Officials and

administrators

Administrative

support staff

Instruction

coordinators

Principals

and assistant

principals

School and

library

support staff Teachers

Instructional

aides

Guidance

counselors Librarians

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States1 ........... 6,215,635 59,369 184,476 70,677 157,564 291,537 3,178,142 718,119 105,519 54,385 253,700 1,142,147

Alabama2,3 ......................... 111,656 325 1,450 944 3,029 9,388 50,420 6,514 1,872 1,431 2,730 33,553

Alaska2

............................... 16,593 500 719 185 752 1,214 7,613 2,317 290 166 491 2,346

Arizona .............................. 104,670 447 766 127 2,532 7,474 54,032 15,362 1,450 862 7,566 14,052

Arkansas............................ 70,331 674 2,266 788 1,728 2,647 33,882 8,008 1,414 961 3,282 14,681

California4 .......................... 583,625 3,080 23,204 7,146 14,647 37,213 305,230 65,846 7,839 1,259 18,280 99,881

Colorado ............................ 99,326 1,266 4,398 1,813 2,778 5,584 47,761 14,322 1,707 851 5,224 13,622

Connecticut........................ 86,762 875 3,209 2,646 2,598 2,470 39,304 13,741 1,396 799 2,359 17,365

Delaware............................ 15,524 336 337 288 412 413 8,198 1,550 272 139 757 2,822

District of Columbia ........... 12,532 316 309 336 443 683 6,347 1,420 220 127 468 1,863

Florida................................ 329,726 2,134 15,012 678 8,001 16,990 168,737 29,907 6,155 2,924 12,996 66,192

Georgia.............................. 235,083 2,267 2,774 1,913 6,503 10,360 116,857 28,060 3,686 2,283 7,613 52,767

Hawaii................................ 21,657 229 311 612 544 1,235 11,397 2,253 660 258 1,629 2,529

Idaho.................................. 27,149 133 539 266 740 1,230 15,013 2,901 614 158 561 4,994

Illinois3,5 ............................. 214,459 1,203 2,407 2,235 3,551 3,861 136,571 29,567 1,963 1,963 10,078 21,060

Indiana............................... 139,460 1,110 974 1,752 3,178 8,755 62,334 21,112 1,926 969 2,088 35,262

Iowa ................................... 71,794 842 1,897 421 1,674 3,201 36,089 10,544 1,214 533 2,382 12,997

Kansas............................... 54,232 500 134 78 1,854 2,790 35,359 8,525 1,119 897 1,764 1,212

Kentucky ............................ 100,362 932 2,489 987 3,030 6,089 43,536 14,286 1,467 1,122 2,653 23,771

Louisiana ........................... 99,625 346 2,741 1,768 2,746 3,732 48,610 11,190 3,022 1,190 3,596 20,684

Maine................................. 39,918 562 2,524 295 1,003 4,273 16,558 6,280 623 250 1,701 5,849

Maryland............................ 116,857 3,327 2,335 1,864 3,624 6,823 59,320 10,999 2,421 1,225 4,510 20,409

Massachusetts................... 123,114 2,154 3,491 561 4,765 6,786 70,719 22,134 2,262 864 8,059 1,319

Michigan ............................ 208,987 3,286 1,250 3,591 5,059 13,593 96,204 22,188 2,631 1,088 12,452 47,645

Minnesota .......................... 108,432 2,042 2,314 1,793 2,000 4,854 52,975 15,745 1,078 843 11,634 13,154

Mississippi ......................... 71,144 1,010 2,018 739 1,922 2,656 33,560 9,113 1,065 973 2,985 15,103

Missouri ............................. 133,607 1,496 8,884 904 3,217 490 68,430 12,646 2,721 1,653 4,974 28,192

Montana5,6,7,8 ..................... 19,179 167 478 163 552 189 10,519 2,110 461 382 708 3,450

Nebraska ........................... 43,672 647 815 776 1,035 2,001 21,930 5,358 790 567 1,320 8,433

Nevada3,5,6,7,8 ..................... 35,574 306 956 1,332 1,048 1,667 23,423 4,063 888 372 491 1,028

New Hampshire ................. 32,573 666 715 251 525 987 15,484 6,877 827 324 619 5,298

New Jersey2,5,6,7,9 ............... 201,552 1,454 6,098 2,728 1,368 8,745 111,500 23,967 2,794 1,778 13,630 27,490

New Mexico ....................... 46,699 834 56 663 1,519 3,894 22,300 6,117 815 294 3,283 6,924

New York............................ 374,080 3,005 18,808 2,567 9,388 8,561 211,854 38,999 5,971 3,154 12,356 59,417

North Carolina ................... 203,287 1,650 4,987 2,047 4,853 7,865 106,562 28,761 3,927 2,358 7,819 32,458

North Dakota ..................... 15,385 475 146 129 401 507 8,068 1,991 260 191 519 2,698

Ohio ................................... 243,579 2,625 15,519 1,592 5,171 14,569 109,766 18,702 3,703 1,433 19,470 51,029

Oklahoma .......................... 86,758 606 3,211 371 2,194 4,241 46,735 7,719 1,643 1,086 3,627 15,325

Oregon............................... 64,619 474 3,261 384 1,639 4,806 30,013 10,512 1,166 380 1,974 10,010

Pennsylvania...................... 254,476 2,559 6,995 1,784 5,751 11,896 135,234 28,205 4,747 2,248 9,491 45,566

Rhode Island ..................... 17,559 71 383 74 468 639 11,271 1,659 410 291 508 1,785

South Carolina................... 66,087 605 500 483 2,387 796 47,382 8,248 1,751 1,109 2,696 130

South Dakota..................... 17,019 615 403 125 413 531 9,416 1,129 312 137 553 3,385

Tennessee ......................... 126,646 177 818 831 3,267 4,997 64,659 15,197 2,700 1,893 732 31,375

Texas ................................. 635,715 5,677 20,074 3,486 20,174 26,065 321,929 63,017 10,879 5,066 21,160 138,188

Utah ................................... 48,515 383 768 977 1,164 2,647 24,336 7,784 746 274 1,052 8,384

Vermont ............................. 19,184 145 435 242 550 926 8,749 4,379 428 226 940 2,164

Virginia............................... 204,384 1,634 4,614 12,614 4,668 8,846 71,861 20,255 4,103 2,040 7,179 66,570

Washington........................ 103,714 1,197 1,656 522 2,834 5,296 53,960 10,266 2,062 1,247 2,889 21,785

West Virginia5 .................... 38,309 721 1,141 205 1,091 444 20,306 3,491 698 362 1,464 8,386

Wisconsin .......................... 104,981 941 2,467 1,225 2,429 4,709 58,914 10,624 1,926 1,211 5,908 14,627

Wyoming............................ 15,464 343 420 376 345 909 6,915 2,159 425 174 480 2,918

Bureau of Indian Education . ——————————— —

DoD, overseas ................... 6,265 51 28 24 224 555 4,147 237 217 132 177 473

DoD, domestic ................... 3,994 64 21 47 98 396 2,243 308 91 67 96 563

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... — — — — — — — — — — — —

Guam ............................. — — — — — — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas......... 1,111 5 68 8 37 71 550 228 21 1 28 94

Puerto Rico.................... 71,847 590 174 501 1,457 5,477 40,826 190 951 1,134 3,703 16,844

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 3,137 50 29 43 83 96 1,518 370 75 25 120 728
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 129

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Data revised from previously published figures. 

2U.S. totals include imputations for underreporting and nonreporting states. 

3Includes imputations for underreporting. 

NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 2000–01 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 87. Staff and teachers in public elementary and secondary school systems, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2000 through fall 2008

State or jurisdiction

Teachers as a percent of staff Fall 2006 Fall 20071 Fall 2008

Fall

2000

Fall

2001

Fall

2002

Fall

2003

Fall

2004

Fall

2005 All staff Teachers

Teachers

as a

percent of

staff All staff Teachers

Teachers

as a

percent of

staff All staff Teachers

Teachers

as a

percent of

staff

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

United States2 ................... 51.5 50.8 51.0 51.2 51.0 51.3 6,153,735 3,166,391 51.5 6,215,635 3,178,142 51.1 6,318,395 3,219,458 51.0

Alabama .................................... 53.7 3 53.1 3 53.0 3 57.7 55.6 55.7 109,839 56,134 51.1 111,656 3 50,420 45.2 3 95,368 47,818 50.1

Alaska........................................ 49.3 3 48.1 3 47.2 3 47.2 3 44.0 3 44.1 3 16,854 3 7,903 46.9 3 16,593 3 7,613 45.9 3 17,160 3 7,927 46.2 3

Arizona ...................................... 49.3 49.0 48.7 49.3 50.0 51.3 102,390 52,625 51.4 104,670 54,032 51.6 105,548 54,696 51.8

Arkansas.................................... 50.6 49.7 47.5 47.7 47.2 46.7 71,616 35,089 49.0 70,331 33,882 48.2 71,270 37,162 52.1

California ................................... 54.1 3 53.0 3 52.9 3 53.1 3 53.2 3 53.4 3 580,141 3 307,366 3 53.0 3 583,625 3 305,230 3 52.3 3 585,684 3 303,647 3 51.8 3

Colorado .................................... 50.7 50.4 50.2 50.2 49.4 49.2 97,364 46,973 48.2 99,326 47,761 48.1 102,566 48,692 47.5

Connecticut................................ 50.0 49.2 49.0 49.6 46.3 46.9 86,709 39,115 45.1 86,762 39,304 45.3 92,467 48,463 52.4

Delaware.................................... 59.2 53.4 53.3 53.1 52.5 51.7 15,403 8,038 52.2 15,524 8,198 52.8 14,821 8,322 56.2

District of Columbia ................... 46.2 43.5 43.3 53.5 44.3 44.3 3 12,177 3 5,383 3 44.2 3 12,532 6,347 50.6 12,131 5,321 43.9

Florida........................................ 47.8 47.6 48.1 49.0 49.7 50.6 321,600 162,851 50.6 329,726 168,737 51.2 340,713 186,361 54.7

Georgia...................................... 49.2 48.8 48.5 48.5 50.1 49.6 227,616 113,597 49.9 235,083 116,857 49.7 239,139 118,839 49.7

Hawaii........................................ 59.5 56.6 53.0 52.7 54.3 53.3 21,061 11,271 53.5 21,657 11,397 52.6 21,610 11,295 52.3

Idaho.......................................... 56.2 55.9 55.8 55.9 55.9 55.8 26,312 14,770 56.1 27,149 15,013 55.3 27,261 15,148 55.6

Illinois......................................... 51.1 3 50.7 3 50.9 3 50.2 3 50.2 3 53.2 3 221,661 3 140,988 63.6 3 214,459 3 136,571 63.7 3 221,005 3 135,704 61.4 3

Indiana....................................... 46.7 46.3 47.2 45.9 45.4 45.5 134,678 61,346 45.6 139,460 62,334 44.7 141,979 62,668 44.1

Iowa ........................................... 51.1 50.2 51.3 51.1 50.7 50.9 69,690 35,653 51.2 71,794 36,089 50.3 72,350 35,961 49.7

Kansas....................................... 50.9 50.8 51.1 51.1 51.4 51.3 53,762 35,297 65.7 54,232 35,359 65.2 55,355 35,883 64.8

Kentucky .................................... 44.1 42.6 42.4 43.0 43.2 43.3 98,812 43,371 43.9 100,362 43,536 43.4 100,217 43,451 43.4

Louisiana ................................... 49.3 49.2 48.9 49.0 48.5 48.2 95,226 45,951 48.3 99,625 48,610 48.8 100,873 49,377 48.9

Maine......................................... 49.7 49.1 48.7 49.1 47.7 47.3 36,785 16,826 45.7 39,918 16,558 41.5 36,459 15,912 43.6

Maryland.................................... 54.3 54.2 54.0 51.3 50.9 51.0 113,474 58,443 51.5 116,857 59,320 50.8 116,856 58,940 50.4

Massachusetts........................... 55.1 54.9 51.6 53.6 3 53.3 3 53.0 3 136,563 3 73,157 53.6 3 123,114 70,719 57.4 123,636 70,398 56.9

Michigan .................................... 46.1 46.0 47.9 47.1 3 48.0 47.9 3 212,320 98,037 46.2 208,987 96,204 46.0 208,058 94,754 45.5

Minnesota .................................. 51.6 3 50.7 50.1 3 49.7 50.0 48.9 106,701 51,880 48.6 108,432 52,975 48.9 109,222 53,083 48.6

Mississippi ................................. 47.9 47.9 47.8 47.7 46.6 46.5 68,815 32,351 47.0 71,144 33,560 47.2 72,050 33,358 46.3

Missouri ..................................... 53.2 52.3 52.1 51.8 51.9 52.1 131,633 67,521 51.3 133,607 68,430 51.2 132,676 68,015 51.3

Montana..................................... 53.5 3 53.4 3 55.4 3 55.2 54.5 3 52.9 3 19,005 3 10,398 54.7 3 19,179 3 10,519 54.8 3 18,315 3 9,570 52.3 3

Nebraska ................................... 52.6 52.0 51.6 51.6 51.6 51.9 42,938 21,459 50.0 43,672 21,930 50.2 43,444 20,258 46.6

Nevada ...................................... 58.6 56.7 59.9 59.4 67.0 67.2 3 33,951 3 22,908 67.5 3 35,574 3 23,423 65.8 3 33,548 3 21,993 65.6 3

New Hampshire ......................... 51.1 50.4 49.8 49.0 48.7 48.5 32,174 15,515 48.2 32,573 15,484 47.5 31,908 15,661 49.1

New Jersey ................................ 53.4 53.6 53.7 53.5 53.8 53.2 3 205,319 3 112,301 54.7 3 201,552 3 111,500 55.3 3 205,672 3 114,713 55.8 3

New Mexico ............................... 46.8 48.6 48.3 48.1 46.7 45.9 46,551 22,016 47.3 46,699 22,300 47.8 47,850 22,825 47.7

New York.................................... 49.7 49.4 49.3 54.8 54.8 3 58.6 373,360 218,879 58.6 374,080 211,854 56.6 428,139 217,944 50.9

North Carolina ........................... 51.5 51.6 51.8 52.3 52.2 52.5 204,549 112,304 54.9 203,287 106,562 52.4 207,859 109,634 52.7

North Dakota ............................. 53.9 53.9 53.5 53.3 53.2 52.9 15,157 8,007 52.8 15,385 8,068 52.4 15,636 8,181 52.3

Ohio ........................................... 53.1 53.1 51.7 50.2 49.2 49.4 242,643 110,459 45.5 243,579 109,766 45.1 244,730 112,845 46.1

Oklahoma .................................. 55.0 54.5 54.6 55.0 52.2 51.1 81,831 42,206 51.6 86,758 46,735 53.9 87,478 46,571 53.2

Oregon....................................... 50.0 49.3 49.3 49.3 48.4 47.0 62,205 29,940 48.1 64,619 30,013 46.4 65,106 30,152 46.3

Pennsylvania.............................. 52.2 51.7 51.1 51.4 51.1 50.9 240,558 123,114 51.2 254,476 135,234 53.1 251,928 129,708 51.5

Rhode Island ............................. 60.0 59.8 61.2 59.9 3 51.6 3 58.4 3 17,912 3 11,381 63.5 3 17,559 11,271 64.2 18,598 11,316 60.8

South Carolina........................... 65.7 3 65.3 3 73.8 3 72.9 3 72.2 3 70.9 3 68,833 3 49,284 71.6 3 66,087 47,382 71.7 69,790 49,941 71.6

South Dakota............................. 52.0 50.6 48.6 48.6 50.1 48.0 17,294 9,070 52.4 17,019 9,416 55.3 18,391 9,244 50.3

Tennessee ................................. 52.1 52.1 51.3 51.3 51.8 52.2 123,218 62,176 50.5 126,646 64,659 51.1 126,841 64,926 51.2

Texas ......................................... 50.6 48.6 48.6 48.5 48.5 50.5 616,155 311,649 50.6 635,715 321,929 50.6 649,381 327,905 50.5

Utah ........................................... 54.1 54.0 53.9 53.3 50.1 50.2 47,365 23,640 49.9 48,515 24,336 50.2 49,057 23,657 48.2

Vermont ..................................... 47.3 47.4 46.5 46.8 46.1 46.5 19,232 8,859 46.1 19,184 8,749 45.6 19,370 8,766 45.3

Virginia....................................... 54.1 3 54.0 61.3 54.4 52.2 44.4 214,464 79,688 37.2 204,384 71,861 35.2 203,567 71,415 35.1

Washington................................ 52.3 46.9 47.0 48.3 47.5 47.0 102,948 53,743 52.2 103,714 53,960 52.0 104,617 54,428 52.0

West Virginia.............................. 54.3 53.5 52.8 52.7 52.6 52.3 36,717 3 19,633 53.5 3 38,309 3 20,306 53.0 3 38,258 20,209 52.8

Wisconsin .................................. 56.3 54.6 53.3 55.7 58.2 57.0 105,033 59,089 56.3 104,981 58,914 56.1 106,597 59,401 55.7

Wyoming.................................... 48.6 48.7 49.1 3 46.5 46.7 46.2 15,121 6,737 44.6 15,464 6,915 44.7 15,841 7,000 44.2

Bureau of Indian Education ....... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

DoD, overseas ........................... 66.0 65.3 68.0 64.9 71.4 62.9 8,338 5,204 62.4 6,265 4,147 66.2 7,526 4,551 60.5

DoD, domestic .......................... 59.2 57.5 57.7 55.4 69.9 55.4 3,574 2,033 56.9 3,994 2,243 56.2 3,845 2,145 55.8

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ................... 50.0 54.2 54.4 55.8 52.1 68.4 1,869 971 52.0 — — — — — —

Guam ..................................... 51.5 50.9 — 50.8 50.4 52.2 — — — — ——— — —

Northern Marianas................. 50.2 50.9 49.9 47.6 49.7 49.8 1,160 579 49.9 1,111 550 49.5 1,043 514 49.3

Puerto Rico............................ 54.4 57.0 56.8 56.8 56.0 56.0 71,962 40,163 55.8 71,847 40,826 56.8 70,034 39,356 56.2

U.S. Virgin Islands.................. 52.1 53.6 49.5 52.2 51.9 53.8 3,020 1,531 50.7 3,137 1,518 48.4 2,472 1,331 53.8
130 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Teachers and Other Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Data revised from previously published figures. 

2U.S. totals include imputations for underreporting and nonreporting states. 

3Includes imputations for underreporting. 

NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common

Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,”

2000–01 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 88. Staff, enrollment, and pupil/staff ratios in public elementary and secondary school systems, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

Fall 2000 through fall 2008 

State or jurisdiction 

Pupil/staff ratio Fall 2006 Fall 20071 Fall 2008

Fall 2000 Fall 2002 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Staff Enrollment

Pupil/

staff ratio Staff Enrollment

Pupil/

staff ratio Staff Enrollment

Pupil/

staff ratio

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States2 .... 8.3 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.0 6,153,735 49,315,842 8.0 6,215,635 49,292,507 7.9 6,318,395 49,265,572 7.8

Alabama ..................... 8.2 3 8.3 3 7.3 7.9 7.1 109,839 743,632 6.8 111,656 3 744,865 6.7 3 95,368 745,668 7.8 3

Alaska......................... 8.3 3 7.9 3 8.1 3 7.5 3 7.4 3 16,854 3 132,608 7.9 3 16,593 3 131,029 7.9 3 17,160 3 130,662 7.6 3

Arizona ....................... 9.7 9.7 10.5 10.7 10.9 102,390 1,068,249 10.4 104,670 1,087,447 10.4 105,548 1,087,817 10.3

Arkansas..................... 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.7 71,616 476,409 6.7 70,331 479,016 6.8 71,270 478,965 6.7

California .................... 11.1 3 10.9 3 11.2 3 11.2 3 11.1 3 580,141 3 6,406,750 3 11.0 3 583,625 3 6,343,471 3 10.9 3 585,684 3 6,322,528 10.8 3

Colorado ..................... 8.7 8.3 8.5 8.4 8.4 97,364 794,026 8.2 99,326 801,867 8.1 102,566 818,443 8.0

Connecticut................. 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.8 86,709 575,100 6.6 86,762 570,626 6.6 92,467 567,198 6.1

Delaware..................... 9.1 8.1 8.1 8.0 7.8 15,403 122,254 7.9 15,524 122,574 7.9 14,821 125,430 8.5

District of Columbia .... 6.4 6.6 7.4 6.3 6.2 3 12,177 3 72,850 6.0 3 12,532 78,422 6.3 12,131 68,681 5.7

Florida......................... 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.5 321,600 2,671,513 8.3 329,726 2,666,811 8.1 340,713 2,631,020 7.7

Georgia....................... 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.3 227,616 1,629,157 7.2 235,083 1,649,589 7.0 239,139 1,655,792 6.9

Hawaii......................... 10.0 8.9 8.7 8.9 8.7 21,061 180,728 8.6 21,657 179,897 8.3 21,610 179,478 8.3

Idaho........................... 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.1 26,312 267,380 10.2 27,149 272,119 10.0 27,261 275,051 10.1

Illinois.......................... 8.2 3 8.1 3 8.3 3 8.0 3 8.4 3 221,661 3 2,118,276 9.6 3 214,459 3 2,112,805 9.9 3 221,005 3 2,119,707 9.6 3

Indiana........................ 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 134,678 1,045,940 7.8 139,460 1,046,766 7.5 141,979 1,046,147 7.4

Iowa ............................ 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0 7.0 69,690 483,122 6.9 71,794 485,115 6.8 72,350 487,559 6.7

Kansas........................ 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.1 53,762 469,506 8.7 54,232 468,295 8.6 55,355 471,060 8.5

Kentucky ..................... 7.4 6.9 6.9 7.0 6.9 98,812 683,152 3 6.9 3 100,362 666,225 3 6.6 100,217 670,030 6.7

Louisiana .................... 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 95,226 675,851 7.1 99,625 681,038 6.8 100,873 684,873 6.8

Maine.......................... 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.5 36,785 193,986 5.3 39,918 196,245 4.9 36,459 192,935 5.3

Maryland..................... 8.8 8.4 8.1 8.0 7.7 113,474 851,640 7.5 116,857 845,700 7.2 116,856 843,861 7.2

Massachusetts............ 8.0 6.8 7.3 3 7.1 3 7.0 3 136,563 3 968,661 7.1 3 123,114 962,958 7.8 123,636 958,910 7.8

Michigan ..................... 8.2 3 9.5 8.5 3 8.3 8.5 3 212,320 1,722,656 8.1 208,987 1,692,739 8.1 208,058 1,659,921 8.0

Minnesota ................... 8.2 3 8.0 3 8.1 8.0 8.0 106,701 840,565 7.9 108,432 837,578 7.7 109,222 836,048 7.7

Mississippi .................. 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.3 68,815 495,026 7.2 71,144 494,122 6.9 72,050 491,962 6.8

Missouri ...................... 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.1 131,633 920,353 7.0 133,607 917,188 6.9 132,676 917,871 6.9

Montana...................... 8.0 3 8.0 3 8.0 7.8 3 7.4 3 19,005 3 144,418 7.6 3 19,179 3 142,823 7.4 3 18,315 3 141,899 7.7 3

Nebraska .................... 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.9 7.0 42,938 287,580 6.7 43,672 291,244 6.7 43,444 292,590 6.7

Nevada ....................... 10.9 11.0 11.3 12.8 12.7 3 33,951 3 424,766 12.5 3 35,574 3 429,362 12.1 3 33,548 3 433,371 12.9 3

New Hampshire .......... 7.4 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.4 32,174 203,572 6.3 32,573 200,772 6.2 31,908 197,934 6.2

New Jersey ................. 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.6 3 205,319 3 1,388,850 6.8 3 201,552 3 1,382,348 6.9 3 205,672 3 1,381,420 6.7 3

New Mexico ................ 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.0 6.8 46,551 328,220 7.1 46,699 329,040 7.0 47,850 330,245 6.9

New York..................... 6.9 6.7 7.3 7.1 7.5 373,360 2,809,649 7.5 374,080 2,765,435 7.4 428,139 2,740,592 6.4

North Carolina ............ 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 204,549 1,444,481 7.1 203,287 1,489,492 7.3 207,859 1,488,645 7.2

North Dakota .............. 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.5 15,157 96,670 6.4 15,385 95,059 6.2 15,636 94,728 6.1

Ohio ............................ 8.2 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 242,643 1,836,722 7.6 243,579 1,827,184 7.5 244,730 1,817,163 7.4

Oklahoma ................... 8.3 8.4 8.8 8.1 7.8 81,831 639,391 7.8 86,758 642,065 7.4 87,478 645,108 7.4

Oregon........................ 9.7 10.1 10.2 9.8 9.2 62,205 562,574 9.0 64,619 565,586 8.8 65,106 575,393 8.8

Pennsylvania............... 8.1 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 240,558 1,871,060 7.8 254,476 1,801,971 7.1 251,928 1,775,029 7.0

Rhode Island .............. 8.9 8.7 8.0 3 6.9 3 6.3 3 17,912 3 151,612 8.5 3 17,559 147,629 8.4 18,598 145,342 7.8

South Carolina............ 9.8 3 11.0 3 11.1 3 10.8 3 10.3 3 68,833 3 708,021 10.3 3 66,087 712,317 10.8 69,790 718,113 10.3

South Dakota.............. 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.4 17,294 121,158 7.0 17,019 121,606 7.1 18,391 126,429 6.9

Tennessee .................. 8.3 3 8.1 3 8.1 3 8.1 3 8.4 123,218 978,368 7.9 126,646 964,259 7.6 126,841 971,950 7.7

Texas .......................... 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.6 616,155 4,599,509 7.5 635,715 4,674,832 7.4 649,381 4,752,148 7.3

Utah ............................ 11.8 11.8 11.9 11.3 11.1 47,365 523,386 11.1 48,515 576,244 11.9 49,057 559,778 11.4

Vermont ...................... 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 19,232 95,399 5.0 19,184 94,038 4.9 19,370 93,625 4.8

Virginia........................ 7.1 3 7.2 7.2 6.7 5.2 214,464 1,220,440 5.7 204,384 1,230,857 6.0 203,567 1,235,795 6.1

Washington................. 10.3 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.1 102,948 1,026,774 10.0 103,714 1,030,247 9.9 104,617 1,037,018 9.9

West Virginia............... 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 36,717 3 281,939 7.7 3 38,309 3 282,535 7.4 3 38,258 282,729 7.4

Wisconsin ................... 8.2 7.8 8.4 8.3 8.3 105,033 876,700 8.3 104,981 874,633 8.3 106,597 873,750 8.2

Wyoming..................... 6.4 6.4 3 6.2 5.9 5.8 15,121 85,193 5.6 15,464 86,422 5.6 15,841 87,161 5.5

Bureau of Indian 

Education.............. — — — — — — — — — — — — 40,927 —

DoD, overseas ............ 9.5 10.3 9.8 10.0 6.9 8,338 60,891 7.3 6,265 57,247 9.1 7,526 56,768 7.5

DoD, domestic ............ 8.4 7.6 7.4 10.2 7.7 3,574 26,631 7.5 3,994 27,548 6.9 3,845 28,013 7.3

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .... 9.6 9.2 9.0 8.9 11.4 1,869 16,400 8.8 — — — — — —

Guam ...................... 8.5 — 9.1 9.2 9.0 — — — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas.. 9.6 10.3 9.7 9.9 9.5 1,160 11,695 10.1 1,111 11,299 10.2 1,043 10,913 10.5

Puerto Rico............. 8.9 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.5 71,962 544,138 7.6 71,847 526,565 7.3 70,034 503,635 7.2

U.S. Virgin Islands... 6.7 6.0 6.1 5.5 6.3 3,020 16,284 5.4 3,137 15,903 5.1 2,472 15,768 6.4
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.!Interpret data with caution.‡Reporting standards not met.1Counts of principals in this table differ from totals appearing in some other tables because this table reflects counts of full- and

part-time principals, while other counts of principals are reported as full-time equivalents. 

2Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,adjusted to a school-year basis. Excludes principals reporting a salary of $0. 

3Education specialist degrees or certificates are generally awarded for 1 year’s cate of advanced studies.4Data include Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander.NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may noitem nonresponse. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatistSchool Principal Questionnaire” and “Private School Principal Questionnaire,” 1prepared August 2010.)

Table 89. Number, highest degree, experience, and salaries of principals in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by selected characteristics: 1Characteristic

Number of principals1 Percentage distribution by highest degree earned, 2007–08 Average years of experience Avera

1993–94 2003–04 2007–08

Bachelor’s

or less Master’s

Education

specialist3

Doctor’s

and firstprofessional

As a principal Teaching

experience,

2007–08 1993–94 2003–04 2007–08 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Public schools

Total......................................... 79,620 (235) 87,620 (307) 90,470 (544) 1.5 (0.23) 61.1 (1.01) 29.0 (0.97) 8.4 (0.57) 8.7 (0.10) 7.8 (0.10) 7.5 (0.14) 13.1 (0.14) $80,500 

Sex

Males ........................................... 52,110 (613) 45,930 (707) 44,950 (1,129) 1.5 (0.36) 64.0 (1.64) 26.8 (1.49) 7.7 (0.78) 10.3 (0.16) 9.1 (0.16) 8.2 (0.20) 12.0 (0.21) 80,600 Females....................................... 27,500 (542) 41,690 (708) 45,520 (1,129) 1.5 (0.34) 58.1 (1.29) 31.2 (1.42) 9.2 (0.73) 5.6 (0.12) 6.3 (0.13) 6.8 (0.19) 14.3 (0.21) 80,400 

Race/ethnicity White............................................ 67,080 (540) 72,200 (509) 73,160 (1,008) 1.5 (0.30) 60.4 (1.11) 30.2 (1.05) 8.0 (0.57) 9.0 (0.12) 8.0 (0.12) 7.8 (0.17) 13.2 (0.17) 80,000 

Black ............................................ 8,020 (351) 9,250 (377) 9,620 (659) ‡ (†) 56.3 (3.45) 29.6 (3.12) 13.4 (1.98) 7.1 (0.21) 6.9 (0.33) 6.2 (0.38) 13.0 (0.50) 84,700 

Hispanic....................................... 3,270 (258) 4,680 (355) 5,870 (540) ‡ (†) 73.8 (4.06) 17.5 (4.22) 6.4 ! (2.03) 6.3 (0.37) 6.1 (0.43) 6.5 (0.62) 12.2 (0.71) 82,000 Asian............................................ 620 4 (109) 460 (87) 570 (146) ‡ (†) 64.5 (12.62) 27.2 ! (13.24) ‡ (†) 6.0 4 (0.60) 6.8 (1.17) 6.3 (0.97) 12.8 (1.48) 87,300 

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) — American Indian/Alaska Native .. 630 (67) 600 (80) 620 (179) ‡ (†) 69.2 (9.56) 21.4 ! (7.71) ‡ (†) 12.6 (0.67) 6.9 (0.63) 6.4 (1.30) 13.9 (2.80) 75,000 Two or more races....................... — (†) 350 (82) 490 ! (155) ‡ (†) 76.6 (11.09) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) — (†) 5.6 (1.12) 5.8 (1.50) 12.9 (2.38) — 

AgeUnder 40...................................... 5,940 (273) 12,840 (477) 17,290 (785) 2.9 (0.76) 65.9 (2.39) 25.2 (2.18) 6.0 (1.11) 2.8 (0.13) 2.4 (0.10) 2.9 (0.14) 7.6 (0.14) 68,300 

40 to 44........................................ 14,570 (496) 9,540 (449) 13,330 (706) ‡ (†) 63.2 (2.62) 28.8 (2.40) 6.5 (1.47) 5.0 (0.12) 4.5 (0.18) 4.8 (0.22) 10.7 (0.29) 76,400 

45 to 49........................................ 25,430 (429) 16,120 (526) 13,690 (767) 1.3 ! (0.59) 59.4 (2.71) 31.6 (2.67) 7.7 (1.36) 7.1 (0.13) 6.1 (0.16) 6.1 (0.26) 13.0 (0.33) 81,400 50 to 54........................................ 18,870 (539) 24,170 (669) 17,570 (746) ‡ (†) 60.7 (2.23) 28.5 (1.98) 10.1 (1.26) 10.3 (0.18) 8.7 (0.19) 8.2 (0.28) 15.2 (0.31) 83,000 55 or over..................................... 14,820 (441) 24,960 (679) 28,590 (1,000) 1.1 ! (0.46) 58.2 (1.81) 30.6 (1.91) 10.1 (1.02) 15.1 (0.35) 11.9 (0.23) 11.8 (0.29) 16.4 (0.37) 84,900 

Type of school Elementary.................................. 53,680 (294) 61,480 (361) 62,340 (584) 1.2 (0.27) 61.3 (1.36) 29.1 (1.28) 8.3 (0.66) 8.9 (0.14) 7.9 (0.13) 7.7 (0.17) 13.3 (0.20) 79,500 

Secondary................................... 18,260 (161) 19,700 (272) 21,550 (460) 1.3 ! (0.40) 61.0 (1.61) 28.6 (1.47) 9.1 (0.85) 8.0 (0.12) 7.5 (0.19) 7.1 (0.19) 12.7 (0.25) 83,100 Combined.................................... 2,750 (143) 6,450 (263) 6,580 (364) 4.2 ! (1.71) 58.8 (3.38) 29.5 (3.00) 7.5 (1.47) 7.5 (0.29) 7.4 (0.36) 7.1 (0.43) 13.1 (0.51) 77,600 

Location of school

City............................................... — (†) 22,690 (425) 21,560 (731) 1.5 (0.45) 61.3 (2.07) 26.5 (2.11) 10.7 (1.29) — (†) 7.3 (0.17) 7.0 (0.25) 13.0 (0.35) — Suburban..................................... — (†) 25,600 (506) 25,880 (921) ‡ (†) 58.2 (1.92) 28.6 (1.92) 12.2 (1.23) — (†) 7.9 (0.23) 7.7 (0.28) 12.9 (0.30) — Town............................................. — (†) 13,700 (424) 13,860 (669) ‡ (†) 63.5 (2.58) 30.3 (2.24) 4.9 (0.85) — (†) 8.1 (0.28) 7.8 (0.34) 13.6 (0.38) — Rural ............................................ — (†) 25,640 (492) 29,170 (1,012) 2.0 (0.55) 62.3 (1.70) 30.7 (1.74) 5.1 (0.65) — (†) 7.9 (0.22) 7.5 (0.27) 13.1 (0.29) — 

Private schools

Total......................................... 25,020 (198) 27,690 (677) 27,960 (328) 32.6 (1.37) 50.2 (1.20) 10.0 (0.75) 7.2 (0.63) 8.8 (0.20) 10.0 (0.24) 10.0 (0.22) 13.9 (0.29) $47,100 

Sex

Males ........................................... 11,610 (301) 12,110 (552) 13,070 (457) 32.8 (2.33) 50.4 (1.85) 8.1 (0.96) 8.6 (1.03) 9.0 (0.26) 11.0 (0.35) 10.6 (0.37) 12.6 (0.50) 52,300 Females....................................... 13,410 (283) 15,580 (491) 14,890 (369) 32.5 (1.82) 49.9 (1.68) 11.7 (1.23) 5.9 (0.75) 8.6 (0.27) 9.2 (0.28) 9.5 (0.26) 15.0 (0.37) 42,800 

Race/ethnicity White............................................ 23,130 (270) 24,850 (715) 24,400 (409) 31.9 (1.47) 51.2 (1.20) 9.7 (0.68) 7.2 (0.66) 8.7 (0.22) 10.3 (0.24) 10.4 (0.25) 14.0 (0.32) 46,900 

Black ............................................ 1,060 (124) 1,440 (155) 1,820 (184) 36.5 (5.16) 40.7 (5.19) 15.7 (4.61) 7.1 ! (3.29) 8.3 (1.04) 7.1 (1.08) 7.1 (0.90) 12.7 (1.37) 50,500 

Hispanic....................................... 520 (91) 820 (116) 1,110 (149) 40.4 (6.38) 40.5 (6.72) 11.2 ! (4.49) ‡ (†) 10.1 (1.43) 6.6 (1.29) 7.8 (0.87) 14.0 (1.15) 46,000 

AgeUnder 40...................................... 4,790 (302) 4,420 (267) 4,750 (318) 47.0 (3.68) 42.4 (3.16) 6.5 (1.55) 4.1 (1.13) 3.5 (0.22) 2.9 (0.20) 3.0 (0.22) 6.0 (0.33) 38,600 

40 to 44........................................ 4,400 (217) 3,040 (250) 3,250 (277) 42.7 (4.36) 43.8 (4.18) 7.7 (1.93) 5.8 ! (2.01) 5.3 (0.24) 5.4 (0.38) 5.3 (0.35) 9.8 (0.65) 44,800 45 to 49........................................ 5,140 (216) 4,020 (250) 3,420 (246) 39.7 (4.20) 47.2 (3.52) 7.8 (1.80) 5.3 ! (1.68) 8.3 (0.27) 7.6 (0.28) 6.2 (0.38) 11.5 (0.72) 50,900 50 to 54........................................ 4,120 (228) 5,820 (337) 4,390 (263) 29.6 (3.23) 55.6 (3.06) 7.7 (1.44) 7.1 (1.43) 9.6 (0.34) 10.1 (0.35) 9.0 (0.45) 14.1 (0.66) 55,400 55 or over..................................... 6,550 (244) 10,390 (425) 12,150 (398) 23.4 (2.02) 53.8 (2.09) 13.4 (1.27) 9.4 (0.96) 14.8 (0.40) 15.2 (0.40) 15.4 (0.43) 18.6 (0.44) 46,700 

Type of school Elementary.................................. 13,350 (158) 16,750 (327) 16,110 (297) 32.2 (1.81) 52.0 (1.64) 10.5 (1.17) 5.2 (0.70) 9.4 (0.27) 9.9 (0.30) 9.9 (0.30) 14.1 (0.37) 42,200 

Secondary................................... 2,300 (244) 2,510 (364) 2,930 (168) 18.0 (3.06) 59.5 (3.47) 11.8 (2.07) 10.7 (1.62) 7.8 (0.36) 9.3 (0.77) 9.9 (0.58) 14.6 (0.61) 64,100 

Combined.................................... 6,770 (115) 8,430 (281) 8,920 (271) 38.1 (2.20) 43.8 (2.18) 8.5 (1.11) 9.6 (1.18) 8.0 (0.34) 10.3 (0.39) 10.2 (0.44) 13.2 (0.53) 49,400 

Location of school

City............................................... — (†) — (†) 9,610 (268) 23.2 (1.90) 55.8 (2.11) 12.2 (1.46) 8.7 (1.17) — (†) — (†) 10.8 (0.38) 14.8 (0.43) — 

Suburban..................................... — (†) — (†) 9,510 (229) 29.8 (2.19) 52.2 (2.04) 10.1 (1.14) 7.9 (1.06) — (†) — (†) 10.5 (0.36) 13.8 (0.43) — Town............................................. — (†) — (†) 2,780 (205) 30.7 (3.76) 49.2 (4.10) 13.0 (3.67) 7.1 (1.96) — (†) — (†) 9.4 (0.80) 16.1 (1.22) — Rural ............................................ — (†) — (†) 6,060 (296) 52.8 (3.49) 38.5 (3.22) 5.0 (1.04) 3.6 (1.03) — (†) — (†) 8.1 (0.53) 11.5 (0.72) — 
132 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Schools and School Districts

—Not available. 

1Includes operating and nonoperating districts. 

2Schools with both elementary and secondary programs are included under elementary

schools and also under secondary schools.

3Data for most years prior to 1976–77 are partly estimated. Prior to 1995–96, excludes

schools with highest grade of kindergarten.

4Includes regular schools and special schools not classified by grade span. 

5Includes elementary, secondary, and combined elementary/secondary schools.

6These data cannot be compared directly with the data for years after 1980–81. 

7Because of expanded survey coverage, data are not directly comparable with figures after

1983–84.

8Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Annual

Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1870 through 1910; Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1919–20 through 1949–50; Statistics of State School Systems,

1951–52 through 1967–68; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems, 1970–71 through 1980–81; Statistics of Public and Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, 1968–69; Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools,

1970–71; Private Schools in American Education; Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS),

“Private School Questionnaire,” 1987–88 and 1990–91; Private School Universe Survey

(PSS), 1989–90 through 2007–08; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “Local Education

Agency Universe Survey” and “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

1982–83 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 90. Number of public school districts and public and private elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2008–09

School year

Regular

public school

districts1

Public schools2 Private schools2,3

Total, all

schools4

Total,

schools with

reported

grade

spans5

Schools with 

elementary grades Schools

with

secondary

grades Total4

Schools with

elementary

grades

Schools with

secondary

Total One-teacher grades

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1869–70.......................................................................................... — 116,312 — — — — — — —

1879–80.......................................................................................... — 178,122 — — — — — — —

1889–90.......................................................................................... — 224,526 — — — — — — —

1899–1900...................................................................................... — 248,279 — — — — — — —

1909–10.......................................................................................... — 265,474 — — 212,448 — — — —

1919–20.......................................................................................... — 271,319 — — 187,948 — — — —

1929–30.......................................................................................... — 248,117 — 238,306 148,712 23,930 — 9,275 6 3,258 6

1939–40.......................................................................................... 117,108 7 226,762 — — 113,600 — — 11,306 6 3,568 6

1949–50.......................................................................................... 83,718 7 — — 128,225 59,652 24,542 — 10,375 6 3,331 6

1951–52.......................................................................................... 71,094 7 — — 123,763 50,742 23,746 — 10,666 6 3,322 6

1959–60.......................................................................................... 40,520 7 — — 91,853 20,213 25,784 — 13,574 6 4,061 6

1961–62.......................................................................................... 35,676 7 107,260 — 81,910 13,333 25,350 18,374 14,762 6 4,129 6

1963–64.......................................................................................... 31,705 7 104,015 — 77,584 9,895 26,431 — — 4,451 6

1965–66.......................................................................................... 26,983 7 99,813 — 73,216 6,491 26,597 17,849 6 15,340 6 4,606 6

1967–68.......................................................................................... 22,010 7 — 94,197 70,879 4,146 27,011 — — —

1970–71.......................................................................................... 17,995 7 — 89,372 65,800 1,815 25,352 — 14,372 6 3,770 6

1973–74.......................................................................................... 16,730 7 — 88,655 65,070 1,365 25,906 — — —

1975–76.......................................................................................... 16,376 7 88,597 87,034 63,242 1,166 25,330 — — —

1976–77.......................................................................................... 16,271 7 — 86,501 62,644 1,111 25,378 19,910 6 16,385 6 5,904 6

1978–79.......................................................................................... 16,014 7 — 84,816 61,982 1,056 24,504 19,489 6 16,097 6 5,766 6

1979–80.......................................................................................... 15,944 7 87,004 — — — — — — —

1980–81.......................................................................................... 15,912 7 85,982 83,688 61,069 921 24,362 20,764 6 16,792 6 5,678 6

1982–83.......................................................................................... 15,824 7 84,740 82,039 59,656 798 23,988 — — —

1983–84.......................................................................................... 15,747 7 84,178 81,418 59,082 838 23,947 27,694 20,872 7,862

1984–85.......................................................................................... — 84,007 81,147 58,827 825 23,916 — — —

1985–86.......................................................................................... — — — — — — 25,616 20,252 7,387

1986–878 ........................................................................................ 15,713 83,421 82,316 60,811 763 23,481 — — —

1987–88.......................................................................................... 15,577 83,248 81,416 59,754 729 23,841 26,807 22,959 8,418

1988–89.......................................................................................... 15,376 83,165 81,579 60,176 583 23,638 — — —

1989–90.......................................................................................... 15,367 83,425 81,880 60,699 630 23,461 26,712 24,221 10,197

1990–91.......................................................................................... 15,358 84,538 82,475 61,340 617 23,460 24,690 22,223 8,989

1991–92.......................................................................................... 15,173 84,578 82,506 61,739 569 23,248 25,998 23,523 9,282

1992–93.......................................................................................... 15,025 84,497 82,896 62,225 430 23,220 — — —

1993–94.......................................................................................... 14,881 85,393 83,431 62,726 442 23,379 26,093 23,543 10,555

1994–95.......................................................................................... 14,772 86,221 84,476 63,572 458 23,668 — — —

1995–96.......................................................................................... 14,766 87,125 84,958 63,961 474 23,793 34,394 32,401 10,942

1996–97.......................................................................................... 14,841 88,223 86,092 64,785 487 24,287 — — —

1997–98.......................................................................................... 14,805 89,508 87,541 65,859 476 24,802 33,895 31,408 10,779

1998–99.......................................................................................... 14,891 90,874 89,259 67,183 463 25,797 — — —

1999–2000...................................................................................... 14,928 92,012 90,538 68,173 423 26,407 32,995 30,457 10,693

2000–01.......................................................................................... 14,859 93,273 91,691 69,697 411 27,090 — — —

2001–02.......................................................................................... 14,559 94,112 92,696 70,516 408 27,468 35,895 33,191 11,846

2002–03.......................................................................................... 14,465 95,615 93,869 71,270 366 28,151 — — —

2003–04.......................................................................................... 14,383 95,726 93,977 71,195 376 28,219 34,681 31,988 11,188

2004–05.......................................................................................... 14,205 96,513 95,001 71,556 338 29,017 — — —

2005–06.......................................................................................... 14,166 97,382 95,731 71,733 326 29,705 35,054 32,127 12,184

2006–07.......................................................................................... 13,856 98,793 96,362 72,442 313 29,904 — — —

2007–088 ........................................................................................ 13,838 98,916 97,654 73,011 288 30,547 33,740 30,808 11,870

2008–09.......................................................................................... 13,809 98,706 97,119 72,771 237 29,971 — — —
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 133

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Revised from previously published figures.

NOTE: Size not reported includes school districts reporting enrollment of zero. Regular districts exclude regional education service agencies and supervisory union administrative

centers, state-operated agencies, federally operated agencies, and other types of local

education agencies, such as independent charter schools. Enrollment totals differ from

other tables because this table represents data reported by regular school districts rather

than states or schools. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Local Education Agency Universe Survey,” 1979–80 through

2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 91. Number and enrollment of regular public school districts, by enrollment size of district: Selected years, 1979–80 through 2008–09

Year

Enrollment size of district

 Total

25,000 or

more

10,000 to

24,999

5,000 to

9,999

2,500 to

4,999

1,000 to

2,499 600 to 999 300 to 599 1 to 299

Size not

reported

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

Number of districts

1979–80........................................................... 15,944 181 478 1,106 2,039 3,475 1,841 2,298 4,223 303

1989–90........................................................... 15,367 179 479 913 1,937 3,547 1,801 2,283 3,910 318

1994–95........................................................... 14,772 207 542 996 2,013 3,579 1,777 2,113 3,173 372

1997–98........................................................... 14,805 230 572 1,038 2,079 3,524 1,775 2,044 3,165 378

1998–99........................................................... 14,891 236 574 1,026 2,062 3,496 1,790 2,066 3,245 396

1999–2000....................................................... 14,928 238 579 1,036 2,068 3,457 1,814 2,081 3,298 357

2000–01........................................................... 14,859 240 581 1,036 2,060 3,448 1,776 2,107 3,265 346

2001–02........................................................... 14,559 243 573 1,067 2,031 3,429 1,744 2,015 3,127 330

2002–03........................................................... 14,465 248 587 1,062 2,033 3,411 1,745 1,987 3,117 275

2003–04........................................................... 14,383 256 594 1,058 2,031 3,421 1,728 1,981 2,994 320

2004–05........................................................... 14,205 264 589 1,056 2,018 3,391 1,739 1,931 2,881 336

2005–06........................................................... 14,166 269 594 1,066 2,015 3,335 1,768 1,895 2,857 367

2006–07........................................................... 13,856 275 598 1,066 2,006 3,334 1,730 1,898 2,685 264

2007–081 ......................................................... 13,838 281 589 1,062 2,006 3,292 1,753 1,890 2,692 273

2008–09........................................................... 13,809 280 594 1,049 1,995 3,272 1,766 1,886 2,721 246

Percentage distribution of districts

1979–80........................................................... 100.0 1.1 3.0 6.9 12.8 21.8 11.5 14.4 26.5 1.9

1989–90........................................................... 100.0 1.2 3.1 5.9 12.6 23.1 11.7 14.9 25.4 2.1

1994–95........................................................... 100.0 1.4 3.7 6.7 13.6 24.2 12.0 14.3 21.5 2.5

1997–98........................................................... 100.0 1.6 3.9 7.0 14.0 23.8 12.0 13.8 21.4 2.6

1998–99........................................................... 100.0 1.6 3.9 6.9 13.8 23.5 12.0 13.9 21.8 2.7

1999–2000....................................................... 100.0 1.6 3.9 6.9 13.9 23.2 12.2 13.9 22.1 2.4

2000–01........................................................... 100.0 1.6 3.9 7.0 13.9 23.2 12.0 14.2 22.0 2.3

2001–02........................................................... 100.0 1.7 3.9 7.3 14.0 23.6 12.0 13.8 21.5 2.3

2002–03........................................................... 100.0 1.7 4.1 7.3 14.1 23.6 12.1 13.7 21.5 1.9

2003–04........................................................... 100.0 1.8 4.1 7.4 14.1 23.8 12.0 13.8 20.8 2.2

2004–05........................................................... 100.0 1.9 4.1 7.4 14.2 23.9 12.2 13.6 20.3 2.4

2005–06........................................................... 100.0 1.9 4.2 7.5 14.2 23.5 12.5 13.4 20.2 2.6

2006–07........................................................... 100.0 2.0 4.3 7.7 14.5 24.1 12.5 13.7 19.4 1.9

2007–081 ......................................................... 100.0 2.0 4.3 7.7 14.5 23.8 12.7 13.7 19.5 2.0

2008–09........................................................... 100.0 2.0 4.3 7.6 14.4 23.7 12.8 13.7 19.7 1.8

Number of students

1979–80........................................................... 41,882,000 11,415,000 7,004,000 7,713,000 7,076,000 5,698,000 1,450,000 1,005,000 521,000 †

1989–90........................................................... 40,069,756 11,209,889 7,107,362 6,347,103 6,731,334 5,763,282 1,402,623 997,434 510,729 †

1994–95........................................................... 43,669,683 13,063,753 8,113,872 6,868,964 7,032,980 5,835,233 1,393,734 927,198 433,949 †

1997–98........................................................... 45,872,785 14,445,720 8,540,624 7,123,005 7,272,764 5,753,977 1,402,274 899,840 434,581 †

1998–99........................................................... 46,027,818 14,692,018 8,559,319 7,058,626 7,244,109 5,706,203 1,411,553 908,530 447,460 †

1999–2000....................................................... 46,318,635 14,886,636 8,656,672 7,120,704 7,244,407 5,620,962 1,426,280 911,127 451,847 †

2000–01........................................................... 46,588,307 15,083,671 8,750,743 7,144,242 7,235,089 5,597,023 1,400,732 927,146 449,661 †

2001–02........................................................... 46,906,607 15,356,867 8,756,777 7,393,237 7,129,358 5,576,508 1,375,571 885,061 433,228 †

2002–03........................................................... 47,379,395 15,690,805 8,957,891 7,348,643 7,150,205 5,547,189 1,375,070 874,163 435,429 †

2003–04........................................................... 47,685,982 15,939,776 9,039,697 7,342,745 7,160,367 5,558,125 1,355,563 867,599 422,110 †

2004–05........................................................... 47,800,967 16,182,672 8,980,096 7,346,960 7,134,861 5,533,156 1,368,546 851,455 403,221 †

2005–06........................................................... 48,013,931 16,376,213 9,055,547 7,394,010 7,114,942 5,442,588 1,391,314 835,430 403,887 †

2006–07........................................................... 48,105,666 16,496,573 9,083,944 7,395,889 7,092,532 5,433,770 1,363,287 840,032 399,639 †

2007–081 ......................................................... 48,096,140 16,669,611 8,946,432 7,408,553 7,103,274 5,358,492 1,381,342 834,295 394,141 †

2008–09........................................................... 48,033,126 16,634,807 9,043,665 7,324,565 7,079,061 5,329,406 1,392,110 832,262 397,250 †

Percentage distribution of students

1979–80........................................................... 100.0 27.3 16.7 18.4 16.9 13.6 3.5 2.4 1.2 †

1989–90........................................................... 100.0 28.0 17.7 15.8 16.8 14.4 3.5 2.5 1.3 †

1994–95........................................................... 100.0 29.9 18.6 15.7 16.1 13.4 3.2 2.1 1.0 †

1997–98........................................................... 100.0 31.5 18.6 15.5 15.9 12.5 3.1 2.0 0.9 †

1998–99........................................................... 100.0 31.9 18.6 15.3 15.7 12.4 3.1 2.0 1.0 †

1999–2000....................................................... 100.0 32.1 18.7 15.4 15.6 12.1 3.1 2.0 1.0 †

2000–01........................................................... 100.0 32.4 18.8 15.3 15.5 12.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 †

2001–02........................................................... 100.0 32.7 18.7 15.8 15.2 11.9 2.9 1.9 0.9 †

2002–03........................................................... 100.0 33.1 18.9 15.5 15.1 11.7 2.9 1.8 0.9 †

2003–04........................................................... 100.0 33.4 19.0 15.4 15.0 11.7 2.8 1.8 0.9 †

2004–05........................................................... 100.0 33.9 18.8 15.4 14.9 11.6 2.9 1.8 0.8 †

2005–06........................................................... 100.0 34.1 18.9 15.4 14.8 11.3 2.9 1.7 0.8 †

2006–07........................................................... 100.0 34.3 18.9 15.4 14.7 11.3 2.8 1.7 0.8 †

2007–081 ......................................................... 100.0 34.7 18.6 15.4 14.8 11.1 2.9 1.7 0.8 †

2008–09........................................................... 100.0 34.6 18.8 15.2 14.7 11.1 2.9 1.7 0.8 †
134 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Regular school districts include both independent districts and those that are a dependent

segment of a local government. Components of supervisory unions operate schools, but

share superintendent services with other districts.

2New York City counted as one school district.

NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Local Education Agency Universe Survey,” 2007–08 and

2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 92. Number of public elementary and secondary education agencies, by type of agency and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08 and 2008–09

State or jurisdiction

Total agencies

 Regular school districts, 

including supervisory 

union components1

 Regional education 

service agencies and 

supervisory union 

administrative centers State-operated agencies

Federally 

operated agencies

 Independent 

charter schools 

and other agencies

2007–08 2008–09 2007–08 2008–09 2007–08 2008–09 2007–08 2008–09 2007–08 2008–09 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ............ 17,772 17,735 13,838 13,809 1,471 1,389 279 264 0 3 2,184 2,270

Alabama ............................ 169 171 133 133 0 0 36 38 0 0 0 0

Alaska................................ 54 54 53 53 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Arizona .............................. 603 619 226 225 16 16 10 10 0 0 351 368

Arkansas............................ 288 295 245 245 15 15 5 5 0 0 23 30

California ........................... 1,129 1,122 965 960 137 137 9 8 0 0 18 17

Colorado ............................ 262 262 178 178 83 83 0 0 0 0 1 1

Connecticut........................ 195 200 166 166 6 6 4 7 0 0 19 21

Delaware............................ 39 40 19 19 1 1 2 2 0 0 17 18

District of Columbia ........... 58 62 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 56 60

Florida................................ 77 77 67 67 0 0 3 3 0 0 7 7

Georgia.............................. 205 207 180 180 16 16 5 5 0 0 4 6

Hawaii................................ 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Idaho.................................. 133 135 115 115 0 0 4 4 0 0 14 16

Illinois................................. 1,078 1,078 870 869 202 203 5 5 0 0 1 1

Indiana............................... 369 379 294 294 29 30 4 4 0 0 42 51

Iowa ................................... 374 372 364 362 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kansas............................... 331 330 319 318 0 0 12 12 0 0 0 0

Kentucky ............................ 194 194 174 174 18 18 2 2 0 0 0 0

Louisiana ........................... 105 114 69 69 0 0 8 8 0 0 28 37

Maine................................. 300 299 287 283 8 8 5 5 0 3 0 0

Maryland............................ 24 24 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Massachusetts................... 500 500 352 352 86 86 1 1 0 0 61 61

Michigan ............................ 844 846 552 552 57 57 5 5 0 0 230 232

Minnesota .......................... 557 559 340 340 64 63 3 3 0 0 150 153

Mississippi ......................... 164 164 152 152 0 0 12 12 0 0 0 0

Missouri ............................. 561 560 524 523 0 0 5 5 0 0 32 32

Montana............................. 507 506 421 420 77 77 4 4 0 0 5 5

Nebraska ........................... 295 296 254 256 36 35 5 5 0 0 0 0

Nevada .............................. 18 18 17 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

New Hampshire ................. 272 276 177 178 84 87 0 0 0 0 11 11

New Jersey ........................ 678 682 616 616 1 1 3 3 0 0 58 62

New Mexico ....................... 95 99 89 89 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 4

New York2 .......................... 837 854 697 696 37 37 6 6 0 0 97 115

North Carolina ................... 249 233 116 116 1 0 6 6 0 0 126 111

North Dakota ..................... 232 228 192 187 37 38 3 3 0 0 0 0

Ohio ................................... 1,055 1,051 614 614 108 107 4 4 0 0 329 326

Oklahoma .......................... 587 583 539 534 0 0 3 3 0 0 45 46

Oregon............................... 222 221 194 194 23 2222003 3

Pennsylvania...................... 788 790 501 501 105 105 19 19 0 0 163 165

Rhode Island ..................... 50 50 32 32 4466008 8

South Carolina................... 102 103 85 85 13 13 4 4 0 0 0 1

South Dakota..................... 184 169 165 161 16 3 3 5 0 0 0 0

Tennessee ......................... 140 140 136 136 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0

Texas ................................. 1,266 1,272 1,033 1,032 20 20 14 14 0 0 199 206

Utah ................................... 104 112 40 40 4 4 2 2 0 0 58 66

Vermont ............................. 360 362 292 292 59 59 2 2 0 0 7 9

Virginia............................... 230 139 134 134 72 2 24 3 0 0 0 0

Washington........................ 308 309 295 295 10 10 0 0 0 0 3 4

West Virginia...................... 57 57 55 55 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0

Wisconsin .......................... 462 461 426 426 16 16 3 3 0 0 17 16

Wyoming............................ 60 60 48 48 0 0 12 12 0 0 0 0

Bureau of Indian Education . 20 196 0 174 0 22 0 0 20 0 0 0

DoD, domestic ................... 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 0 0

DoD, overseas ................... 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Guam ............................. 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Northern Marianas......... 1 1 110000000 0

Puerto Rico.................... 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 135

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 93. Public elementary and secondary students, schools, pupil/teacher ratios, and finances, by type of locale: 2007–08 and 

2008–09

Selected characteristic Total City, large1

City,

midsize2

City,

small3

Suburban,

large4

Suburban,

midsize5

Suburban,

small6

Town,

fringe7

Town,

distant8

Town,

remote9

Rural,

fringe10

Rural,

distant11

Rural,

remote12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Enrollment, schools, and pupil/ 

teacher ratios, fall 2008

Enrollment (in thousands)................... 49,054 7,425 3,146 3,752 14,438 1,590 1,019 2,087 2,325 1,586 6,933 3,554 1,197

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race/ethnicity............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White............................................... 54.9 21.2 35.0 50.3 54.7 65.6 67.6 72.8 68.4 64.8 68.8 81.7 76.1

Black ............................................... 16.9 30.0 29.3 19.0 15.6 10.8 10.7 8.6 13.7 10.9 12.3 8.4 7.6

Hispanic .......................................... 21.5 39.6 28.2 22.9 22.0 17.7 16.4 15.5 14.6 17.3 13.9 6.9 7.7

Asian/Pacific Islander...................... 5.0 7.9 6.1 6.2 6.6 4.2 3.6 1.7 1.2 3.1 3.3 0.8 0.7

American Indian/Alaska Native....... 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.9 3.7 1.2 2.1 7.8

Other............................................... 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1

Schools............................................... 98,706 12,927 5,780 6,968 22,482 2,786 1,900 4,258 5,639 4,331 12,625 11,792 7,218

Average school size13 ......................... 517 588 575 566 662 591 558 512 443 396 579 311 171

Pupil/teacher ratio14 ............................ 15.8 16.5 16.0 15.9 16.0 16.0 16.5 15.9 15.2 15.1 16.0 14.4 12.5

Enrollment (percentage distribution)... 100.0 15.1 6.4 7.6 29.4 3.2 2.1 4.3 4.7 3.2 14.1 7.2 2.4

Schools (percentage distribution) ....... 100.0 13.1 5.9 7.1 22.8 2.8 1.9 4.3 5.7 4.4 12.8 11.9 7.3

Revenues, 2007–08

Total revenue (in millions of dollars).... $597,193 $102,104 $40,859 $46,151 $199,567 $18,784 $11,049 $21,596 $25,850 $17,903 $61,101 $37,241 $14,856

Federal............................................ 47,598 10,974 4,316 3,972 11,486 1,186 756 1,556 2,397 1,915 4,322 2,961 1,728

Title I ........................................... 11,402 3,759 1,098 952 2,250 232 153 322 561 455 667 589 366

Child Nutrition Act ....................... 9,986 2,164 868 843 2,403 259 161 343 554 376 1,003 717 292

Children with disabilities (IDEA).. 10,049 1,832 724 893 3,308 303 214 355 460 339 947 486 188

Impact aid ................................... 1,245 80 80 47 218 23 6 59 36 127 116 110 343

Bilingual education...................... 310 79 28 37 76 6 5 10 12 11 15 17 15

Indian education.......................... 92 9 3 4 7 1 2 3 6 11 7 9 30

Math, science, and professional 

development.......................... 1,538 351 158 146 357 39 34 52 75 74 109 83 60

Safe and drug-free schools......... 261 62 20 25 60 5 5 12 15 12 20 16 10

Title V, Part A .............................. 105 21 9 7 20 2 2 3 6 7 11 11 7

Vocational and technical 

education .............................. 605 130 48 51 154 14 12 16 33 28 69 31 17

Other and unclassified ................ 12,006 2,488 1,280 967 2,633 304 162 382 639 476 1,359 892 400

State (in millions of dollars)............. 280,246 49,989 20,145 22,550 81,476 9,005 5,276 10,901 13,985 9,263 29,221 20,627 7,763

Special education programs........ 16,384 3,239 1,094 1,321 6,058 506 303 544 617 408 1,210 776 279

Compensatory and basic skills ... 6,927 1,630 452 827 2,645 192 90 154 203 86 320 229 100

Bilingual education...................... 727 47 22 45 490 38 5 8 17 3 41 8 3

Gifted and talented ..................... 577 37 40 25 350 29 4 6 17 5 42 18 4

Vocational education .................. 966 55 50 71 309 33 16 26 62 49 162 100 32

Other .......................................... 254,666 44,981 18,487 20,261 71,624 8,207 4,857 10,163 13,069 8,712 27,445 19,496 7,346

Local (in millions of dollars)15 .......... 269,349 41,140 16,398 19,629 106,605 8,593 5,017 9,139 9,469 6,725 27,558 13,654 5,365

Property tax16 .............................. 161,859 20,424 9,085 11,734 68,436 4,678 3,204 5,829 5,957 4,471 16,209 8,353 3,478

Parent government contribution16 . 43,824 12,399 2,872 2,494 16,595 1,832 577 597 671 144 3,990 1,364 288

Private (fees from individuals)..... 13,253 1,112 687 933 4,850 652 262 545 621 446 1,750 1,024 360

Other15 ........................................ 50,413 7,205 3,754 4,469 16,724 1,431 974 2,167 2,220 1,664 5,608 2,912 1,238

Total revenue (percentage distribution) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Federal............................................ 8.0 10.7 10.6 8.6 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.2 9.3 10.7 7.1 8.0 11.6

State ............................................... 46.9 49.0 49.3 48.9 40.8 47.9 47.7 50.5 54.1 51.7 47.8 55.4 52.3

Local ............................................... 45.1 40.3 40.1 42.5 53.4 45.7 45.4 42.3 36.6 37.6 45.1 36.7 36.1

Expenditures, 2007–08

Total expenditures 

(in millions of dollars).................... $609,820 $106,796 $40,919 $46,996 $204,007 $18,969 $11,256 $21,726 $25,884 $17,996 $63,038 $37,400 $14,688

Current expenditures for schools .... 489,006 84,116 32,666 37,941 163,157 14,907 8,948 17,961 21,474 15,251 49,002 31,078 12,427

Instruction ................................... 307,408 54,740 20,439 23,957 103,115 9,410 5,550 11,141 13,286 9,269 30,322 18,833 7,322

Support services, students ......... 26,987 3,894 1,917 2,347 10,000 826 522 961 1,123 817 2,675 1,408 498

Support services, instructional 

staff ....................................... 9,564 1,049 487 607 2,851 254 170 436 549 536 1,095 1,012 518

Administration ............................. 37,351 5,734 2,504 2,786 12,192 1,111 700 1,425 1,761 1,367 3,877 2,716 1,179

Operation and maintenance........ 49,018 8,626 3,315 3,796 16,384 1,514 913 1,743 2,137 1,522 4,776 2,998 1,293

Transportation ............................. 22,199 3,428 1,278 1,434 7,531 629 407 860 943 612 2,584 1,784 679

Food service ............................... 18,833 3,054 1,348 1,492 5,395 567 341 732 1,009 694 2,127 1,472 583

Other ........................................... 17,645 3,592 1,377 1,521 5,688 596 345 664 666 434 1,547 856 356

Other current expenditures ............. 20,124 3,188 1,386 1,580 5,899 659 380 763 1,043 727 2,305 1,543 630

Interest on school debt ................... 16,080 3,014 1,009 1,085 5,775 464 286 601 574 332 1,889 841 209

Capital outlay .................................. 69,042 12,009 4,521 5,074 22,837 2,495 1,311 2,227 2,520 1,725 8,835 3,991 1,486

Current expenditures 

(percentage distribution)............... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Instruction ....................................... 62.9 65.1 62.6 63.1 63.2 63.1 62.0 62.0 61.9 60.8 61.9 60.6 58.9

Support services............................. 7.5 5.9 7.4 7.8 7.9 7.2 7.7 7.8 7.8 8.9 7.7 7.8 8.2

Administration ................................. 7.6 6.8 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.2 9.0 7.9 8.7 9.5

Operation and maintenance............ 10.0 10.3 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.2 10.2 9.7 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.6 10.4

Transportation ................................. 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.0 5.3 5.7 5.5

Food service and other ................... 7.5 7.9 8.3 7.9 6.8 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.6

See notes at end of table.
136 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Located inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with a population of at least

250,000.

2Located inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with a population of at least

100,000, but less than 250,000.

3Located inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with a population less than

100,000.

4Located inside an urbanized area and outside a principal city with a population of 250,000 or

more.

5Located inside an urbanized area and outside a principal city with a population of at least

100,000, but less than 250,000.

6Located inside an urbanized area and outside a principal city with a population less than

100,000.

7Located inside an urban cluster that is 10 miles or less from an urbanized area.

8Located inside an urban cluster that is more than 10 but less than or equal to 35 miles from

an urbanized area.

9Located inside an urban cluster that is more than 35 miles from an urbanized area.

10Located outside any urbanized area or urban cluster, but 5 miles or less from an urbanized

area or 2.5 miles or less from an urban cluster.

11Located outside any urbanized area or urban cluster and more than 5 miles but less than or

equal to 25 miles from an urbanized area, or more than 2.5 miles but less than or equal to 10

miles from an urban cluster.

12Located outside any urbanized area or urban cluster, more than 25 miles from an urbanized

area, and more than 10 miles from an urban cluster.

13Average for schools reporting enrollment. Enrollment data were available for 94,820 out of

98,706 institutions in 2008–09.

14Ratio for schools reporting both full-time-equivalent teachers and fall enrollment data. 15Includes tuition and fee revenues from other in-state school systems, which are excluded

from state data reported through the “National Public Education Financial Survey.”

16Property tax and parent government contributions are determined on the basis of independence or dependence of the local school system and are mutually exclusive. 

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Race categories exclude persons

of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common

Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,” 2008–09, and

“Local Education Agency Universe Survey,” 2007–08 and 2008–09; and “School District

Finance Survey (Form F-33),” 2007–08. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Current expenditure per student

(in dollars)..................................... $9,992 $10,894 $9,561 $9,825 $10,391 $9,608 $9,246 $9,364 $9,155 $9,180 $9,200 $9,401 $10,703

Instruction expenditure per student 

(in dollars) ................................. 6,282 7,090 5,982 6,204 6,567 6,066 5,735 5,809 5,665 5,579 5,693 5,697 6,307

Table 93. Public elementary and secondary students, schools, pupil/teacher ratios, and finances, by type of locale: 2007–08 and 

2008–09—Continued

Selected characteristic Total City, large1

City,

midsize2

City,

small3

Suburban,

large4

Suburban,

midsize5

Suburban,

small6

Town,

fringe7

Town,

distant8

Town,

remote9

Rural,

fringe10

Rural,

distant11

Rural,

remote12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

Districts with more than 

15,000 students3 ......... † 16,859,375 20,246,710 21,513,000 2,764,401 50.9 38.1 23.4 30.3 6.9 0.7 0.5 1,334,733 16.1 2,574,329 8.4 51.8 

Baldwin County......................... AL 17,479 22,656 27,120 699 37.3 79.9 14.5 4.2 0.8 0.6 — 1,888 14.4 4,098 6.6 46.1 Birmingham City....................... AL 41,710 37,843 27,440 543 82.3 1.0 96.5 2.4 0.1 # — 1,688 16.3 3,332 8.2 50.7 Huntsville City........................... AL 24,024 22,832 23,205 976 43.1 48.3 43.0 5.4 2.7 0.6 — 1,782 13.0 3,263 7.1 54.6 Jefferson County ...................... AL 40,752 40,726 36,174 767 40.0 54.7 40.8 4.0 0.5 0.1 — 2,245 16.1 4,607 7.9 48.7 Madison County ....................... AL 13,861 15,675 19,785 171 28.8 72.8 18.3 2.2 1.5 5.2 — 1,209 16.4 2,452 8.1 49.3 Mobile County........................... AL 67,286 64,976 62,531 1,140 65.4 44.3 50.9 1.5 2.3 1.0 — 3,772 16.6 8,455 7.4 44.6 Montgomery County................ AL 35,973 33,267 31,307 895 70.2 15.9 78.9 2.6 2.5 0.2 — 1,936 16.2 4,251 7.4 45.6 Shelby County .......................... AL 16,096 20,129 27,194 1,702 25.9 76.5 13.8 7.8 1.8 0.1 — 1,862 14.6 3,743 7.3 49.7 Tuscaloosa County................... AL 14,514 15,666 17,535 221 45.2 69.4 27.3 2.5 0.6 0.1 — 1,035 16.9 2,130 8.2 48.6 Anchorage................................. AK 41,992 49,526 48,837 4,246 34.9 49.2 6.0 10.2 12.9 8.7 13.0 2,839 17.2 5,890 8.3 48.2 Matanuska-Susitna Borough... AK 9,810 13,008 16,468 411 34.1 80.4 1.3 2.5 1.7 11.1 3.0 949 17.4 1,734 9.5 54.7 Amphitheater Unified................ AZ 13,834 16,857 15,923 1,293 42.4 52.9 4.5 37.1 3.6 1.9 — 988 16.1 1,959 8.1 50.4 

Cartwright Elementary............. AZ 14,368 17,746 18,979 7,678 75.4 4.5 3.7 90.4 0.4 1.1 — 1,042 18.2 2,310 8.2 45.1 Chandler Unified....................... AZ 11,041 21,703 37,223 2,183 23.3 56.6 6.8 27.1 8.0 1.5 — 1,958 19.0 3,689 10.1 53.1 Deer Valley Unified................... AZ 15,899 27,158 36,870 1,385 16.5 76.7 3.4 14.7 4.1 1.0 — 1,942 19.0 3,377 10.9 57.5 Dysart Unified........................... AZ 3,804 5,459 24,373 2,043 46.3 49.9 9.9 35.9 3.2 1.1 — 1,232 19.8 2,058 11.8 59.8 Gilbert Unified........................... AZ 10,862 29,188 38,796 852 21.7 72.5 4.8 16.7 5.0 1.0 — 2,247 17.3 4,247 9.1 52.9 Kyrene Elementary................... AZ 10,483 19,446 18,131 472 18.6 59.5 9.8 17.6 9.5 3.6 — 1,085 16.7 1,845 9.8 58.8 Mesa Unified............................. AZ 62,748 73,587 70,346 8,078 45.2 51.7 4.3 37.4 2.5 4.1 — 3,755 18.7 7,600 9.3 49.4 

Paradise Valley Unified............. AZ 26,695 34,882 33,942 2,748 28.9 68.5 3.7 22.9 3.7 1.2 — 1,898 17.9 3,228 10.5 58.8 Peoria Unified ........................... AZ 20,850 32,608 38,162 1,930 31.1 63.0 5.8 26.4 3.5 1.3 — 2,094 18.2 3,633 10.5 57.6 Phoenix Union High................. AZ 18,297 22,192 25,305 3,112 66.1 6.6 10.1 78.0 2.0 3.3 — 1,485 17.0 2,845 8.9 52.2 Scottsdale Unified..................... AZ 19,752 26,958 27,082 1,387 22.0 73.3 3.2 16.5 5.0 2.0 — 1,602 16.9 2,755 9.8 58.1 Sunnyside Unified .................... AZ 13,067 14,518 17,813 4,694 83.7 5.2 2.2 87.3 0.8 4.5 — 1,005 17.7 2,028 8.8 49.6 Tucson Unified.......................... AZ 56,174 61,869 57,391 6,953 52.7 30.0 7.3 55.7 2.7 4.3 — 3,352 17.1 6,172 9.3 54.3 Washington Elementary .......... AZ 22,446 24,723 23,814 4,969 74.4 36.1 7.3 49.6 3.1 3.9 — 1,355 17.6 2,666 8.9 50.8 Little Rock.................................. AR 25,813 25,502 26,146 1,456 65.0 21.7 68.5 7.7 1.8 0.3 — 2,099 12.5 3,837 6.8 54.7 

Pulaski Co. Spec. School Dist. AR 21,495 18,735 18,063 305 55.4 50.0 44.0 4.0 1.7 0.3 — 1,354 13.3 2,681 6.7 50.5 1Springdale................................. AR 7,877 11,422 17,869 6,879 57.4 47.5 2.3 41.5 8.0 0.6 — 1,127 15.9 2,120 8.4 53.2 ABC Unified.............................. CA 20,972 22,303 20,789 4,119 41.1 8.1 9.7 39.4 39.1 0.2 3.5 909 22.9 1,770 11.7 51.3 Alhambra Unified...................... CA 20,313 19,776 18,749 6,535 67.7 3.9 0.7 39.8 53.7 0.1 1.8 771 24.3 1,763 10.6 43.7 Alvord Unified............................ CA 14,853 17,664 20,057 8,994 64.9 14.3 4.9 72.3 5.3 0.3 2.9 869 23.1 1,630 12.3 53.3 Anaheim City ............................ CA 14,972 22,275 19,278 11,074 82.0 5.2 1.7 84.6 7.0 0.3 1.3 908 21.2 1,670 11.5 54.4 Anaheim Union High................ CA 23,086 29,363 33,719 8,040 52.3 15.3 2.8 59.2 16.0 0.2 6.3 1,346 25.1 2,609 12.9 51.6 Antelope Valley Union High..... CA 10,937 19,056 26,159 4,483 55.0 24.7 20.9 48.7 3.6 0.6 1.4 1,083 24.2 2,176 12.0 49.7 Antioch Unified.......................... CA 13,045 20,018 19,422 3,453 51.6 25.1 22.0 34.0 11.6 0.9 6.5 819 23.7 1,484 13.1 55.2 1

Apple Valley Unified.................. CA 11,265 13,292 15,150 1,334 56.6 46.2 11.1 33.1 3.6 0.4 5.6 640 23.7 1,288 11.8 49.7 Bakersfield City......................... CA 24,911 27,674 27,263 8,337 84.7 11.8 10.8 74.1 1.7 1.0 0.6 1,366 20.0 2,622 10.4 52.1 Baldwin Park Unified................ CA 15,878 17,473 20,015 6,101 71.3 4.5 3.3 85.1 5.5 0.2 1.4 932 21.5 1,674 12.0 55.7 2Burbank Unified........................ CA 12,057 16,170 16,593 1,901 27.0 46.1 2.5 35.0 9.8 0.2 6.4 795 20.9 1,370 12.1 58.0 1Cajon Valley Union Elementary CA 17,328 19,059 16,092 4,516 51.0 45.1 6.8 32.8 3.9 0.6 10.8 780 20.6 1,417 11.4 55.1 Capistrano Unified.................... CA 26,852 45,074 52,681 6,224 19.1 64.9 1.3 18.7 7.0 0.3 7.7 2,262 23.3 3,951 13.3 57.2 Chaffey Joint Union High......... CA 13,505 19,851 25,370 3,446 34.4 21.8 10.0 56.9 6.9 0.3 4.1 1,017 24.9 1,814 14.0 56.1 Chino Valley Unified ................. CA 23,257 31,763 32,428 4,411 36.9 26.0 4.0 48.7 14.4 0.2 6.8 1,417 22.9 2,476 13.1 57.2 Chula Vista Elementary........... CA 17,604 23,132 27,156 9,905 35.9 12.1 4.2 65.4 12.9 0.4 5.0 1,433 19.0 2,277 11.9 62.9 Clovis Unified............................ CA 23,224 32,717 37,461 3,099 30.0 50.2 3.5 23.8 15.2 1.0 6.3 1,837 20.4 3,549 10.6 51.8 Coachella Valley Unified .......... CA 9,091 12,636 18,256 10,691 85.8 1.3 0.4 96.6 0.4 0.3 1.1 937 19.5 1,969 9.3 47.6 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Colton Joint Unified.................. CA 16,415 22,118 24,337 6,117 70.2 10.0 7.2 78.1 4.0 0.4 0.3 1,076 22.6 1,879 13.0 57.3 1

Compton Unified....................... CA 27,585 31,037 27,369 14,080 82.0 0.2 22.9 75.3 0.9 0.1 0.6 1,251 21.9 2,496 11.0 50.1 1Conejo Valley Unified............... CA 17,209 20,999 21,655 2,173 15.6 65.5 1.6 19.7 10.0 0.7 2.5 967 22.4 1,767 12.3 54.7 Corona-Norco Unified.............. CA 23,036 37,487 52,138 7,943 40.7 31.7 5.9 48.5 8.8 0.3 4.8 2,371 22.0 4,498 11.6 52.7 Cupertino Union....................... CA 12,227 15,670 17,581 1,795 5.0 22.8 1.1 4.6 71.1 0.3 0.0 822 21.4 1,392 12.6 59.1 Desert Sands Unified............... CA 16,058 23,500 28,976 6,562 54.9 26.1 2.2 66.1 2.5 0.3 2.8 1,320 22.0 2,275 12.7 58.0 Downey Unified......................... CA 15,418 21,474 22,464 4,387 61.7 9.2 3.5 81.6 4.4 0.4 0.9 1,028 21.8 1,696 13.2 60.6 East Side Union High............... CA 21,973 24,282 26,259 5,868 31.4 10.1 4.0 47.9 37.2 0.3 0.4 1,216 21.6 2,175 12.1 55.9 

Elk Grove Unified...................... CA 27,246 47,736 62,172 9,948 49.0 25.0 17.4 20.1 26.9 0.6 9.9 2,941 21.1 5,250 11.8 56.0 

Escondido Union...................... CA 14,663 19,312 19,319 8,546 61.5 25.0 3.0 64.5 5.0 0.4 2.1 1,008 19.2 1,709 11.3 58.9 Fairfield-Suisun Unified............ CA 20,227 22,263 22,496 4,026 49.4 25.4 22.7 33.2 17.4 0.9 0.4 1,096 20.5 2,153 10.4 50.9 Folsom-Cordova Unified.......... CA 12,656 16,277 19,119 2,267 31.9 61.3 7.8 16.3 13.6 0.9 0.1 871 22.0 1,763 10.8 49.4 Fontana Unified ........................ CA 27,043 37,244 41,077 16,049 74.6 6.3 6.9 83.1 2.9 0.4 0.3 1,885 21.8 3,733 11.0 50.5 Fremont Unified........................ CA 27,172 31,078 32,135 5,746 17.6 21.0 4.4 15.2 55.5 0.3 3.6 1,511 21.3 2,914 11.0 51.8 

Fresno Unified........................... CA 71,500 79,007 76,621 19,915 80.2 13.9 10.7 60.1 14.3 0.7 0.3 3,922 19.5 7,320 10.5 53.6 1Fullerton Joint Union High....... CA 12,729 15,165 16,343 2,270 32.9 23.0 2.1 48.7 21.9 0.2 4.3 583 28.0 1,141 14.3 51.1 Garden Grove Unified.............. CA 37,969 48,742 48,574 22,465 67.3 12.4 0.9 53.4 32.9 0.2 0.1 2,098 23.1 3,897 12.5 53.8 Glendale Unified....................... CA 25,459 30,329 26,744 6,701 43.2 55.1 1.2 21.2 19.3 0.2 2.9 1,257 21.3 2,722 9.8 46.2 Grossmont Union High............ CA 18,647 23,639 24,768 1,886 37.2 49.2 8.2 27.9 5.1 1.1 8.6 1,102 22.5 2,257 11.0 48.8 Hacienda La Puente Unified.... CA 23,267 24,646 21,965 5,363 61.7 5.1 1.5 77.5 14.9 0.2 0.8 1,030 21.3 1,852 11.9 55.6 Hayward Unified....................... CA 19,122 24,205 22,098 7,603 60.6 8.4 14.6 54.0 18.8 0.5 3.7 1,136 19.5 1,890 11.7 60.1 Hemet Unified........................... CA 12,811 17,451 22,908 3,622 74.2 41.9 7.6 44.5 3.4 1.6 1.0 1,027 22.3 1,992 11.5 51.5 Hesperia Unified....................... CA 13,113 15,360 22,345 5,108 57.9 30.2 7.8 55.9 2.2 0.7 3.1 982 22.8 1,977 11.3 49.6 Huntington Beach Union High. CA 14,039 14,359 16,125 1,632 16.2 45.0 1.3 21.7 24.9 6.8 0.3 632 25.5 1,260 12.8 50.1 Irvine Unified............................. CA 20,735 23,961 26,522 3,463 6.3 38.0 2.2 7.9 44.5 0.5 6.9 1,154 23.0 2,033 13.0 56.8 

Jurupa Unified........................... CA 15,419 19,839 20,385 7,091 68.4 16.8 3.1 76.6 1.9 0.3 1.3 938 21.7 1,715 11.9 54.7 Kern Union High....................... CA 20,183 29,333 37,783 3,760 55.1 30.8 7.6 56.4 3.8 0.9 0.4 1,593 23.7 3,355 11.3 47.5 Lake Elsinore Unified............... CA 11,000 17,178 21,756 3,870 48.6 37.2 5.2 50.4 4.8 0.7 1.7 956 22.7 1,652 13.2 57.9 Lancaster Elementary.............. CA 11,248 14,433 15,102 3,039 68.7 18.5 29.7 47.1 3.4 0.5 0.8 691 21.8 1,324 11.4 52.2 Lodi Unified............................... CA 23,954 27,339 31,216 8,400 59.9 28.9 8.6 37.4 23.1 0.7 1.3 1,642 19.0 3,029 10.3 54.2 Long Beach Unified.................. CA 71,342 93,694 87,509 20,715 69.2 16.1 17.1 51.7 13.7 0.2 1.2 4,017 21.8 8,466 10.3 47.4 

Los Angeles Unified................. CA 625,073 721,346 687,534 220,703 75.7 8.7 10.6 73.4 6.3 0.3 0.8 35,084 19.6 74,470 9.2 47.1 1Lynwood Unified....................... CA 15,469 18,237 17,034 6,942 97.5 0.2 6.7 92.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 831 20.5 1,496 11.4 55.5 1Madera Unified......................... CA 13,728 15,957 19,153 7,431 77.4 12.4 3.0 82.1 1.6 0.5 0.4 870 22.0 1,588 12.1 54.8 1Manteca Unified........................ CA 13,356 19,746 23,077 4,010 47.6 28.4 9.5 46.4 13.8 1.3 0.6 1,064 21.7 1,832 12.6 58.1 

Modesto City Elementary........ CA 17,405 18,740 15,672 5,700 79.7 23.5 4.6 63.6 6.2 0.9 1.2 811 19.3 1,529 10.2 53.1 Modesto City High.................... CA 10,697 14,547 15,395 1,934 46.8 37.2 5.7 44.2 9.2 0.8 3.0 648 23.8 1,366 11.3 47.4 

Montebello Unified.................... CA 32,938 34,794 33,099 11,161 85.4 2.0 0.3 94.1 3.3 0.1 0.1 1,472 22.5 2,770 11.9 53.1 Moreno Valley Unified.............. CA 29,064 32,730 36,092 10,166 74.3 12.4 19.2 61.5 4.9 0.5 1.5 1,671 21.6 2,876 12.6 58.1 1Mount Diablo Unified................ CA 32,840 36,648 34,953 6,615 35.9 47.3 5.3 32.0 13.0 0.6 1.8 1,707 20.5 2,906 12.0 58.8 Murrieta Valley Unified ............. CA 3,990 12,065 21,372 912 19.8 49.2 5.9 22.8 9.9 0.4 11.8 916 23.3 1,703 12.5 53.8 Napa Valley Unified.................. CA 13,705 16,392 17,771 3,862 39.7 35.6 2.1 44.2 7.3 0.8 9.9 909 19.5 1,592 11.2 57.1 Newport-Mesa Unified............. CA 16,434 21,658 21,507 5,693 46.6 50.2 1.4 41.9 6.1 0.3 0.1 972 22.1 2,113 10.2 46.0 Norwalk-La Mirada Unified...... CA 19,179 23,610 21,512 4,845 54.0 12.3 3.4 76.2 7.6 0.3 0.2 941 22.9 1,867 11.5 50.4 Oakland Unified........................ CA 52,095 54,863 46,516 14,257 68.4 6.5 34.8 37.3 15.3 0.4 5.8 2,686 17.3 4,551 10.2 59.0 1Oceanside Unified.................... CA 17,034 22,354 21,517 5,136 55.2 28.5 7.9 53.4 8.2 0.7 1.4 1,016 21.2 1,825 11.8 55.7 Ontario-Montclair Elementary . CA 21,033 26,407 22,931 11,237 84.7 5.8 3.4 86.7 3.2 0.3 0.6 1,067 21.5 1,964 11.7 54.3 Orange Unified.......................... CA 25,224 31,097 30,170 7,255 36.0 35.6 1.4 46.2 12.1 0.5 4.2 1,321 22.8 2,898 10.4 45.6 Oxnard Elementary.................. CA 12,212 16,249 15,400 7,707 78.9 5.2 1.8 86.2 3.1 0.2 3.3 705 21.8 1,306 11.8 54.0 Oxnard Union High................... CA 11,512 14,552 16,885 3,761 44.6 17.9 2.9 69.9 7.1 0.5 1.7 701 24.1 1,599 10.6 43.8 Pajaro Valley Unified................. CA 16,355 19,864 19,477 8,751 67.2 18.6 0.6 78.5 2.0 0.2 0.2 813 24.0 1,833 10.6 44.3 Palm Springs Unified................ CA 14,427 20,847 24,347 7,390 73.1 18.4 5.6 71.5 3.8 0.6 0.1 1,117 21.8 1,907 12.8 58.6 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Palmdale Elementary............... CA 13,199 20,853 21,498 6,558 72.9 10.9 16.6 64.8 2.7 0.4 4.5 939 22.9 1,740 12.4 54.0 Panama-Buena Vista Union.... CA 10,066 12,843 16,385 2,287 51.7 31.4 11.2 47.9 8.3 0.7 0.5 820 20.0 1,540 10.6 53.3 Paramount Unified.................... CA 12,855 16,862 15,913 6,535 88.7 2.2 10.1 84.4 2.6 0.4 0.3 735 21.7 1,343 11.8 54.7 Pasadena Unified..................... CA 21,802 23,559 20,526 4,319 52.7 16.4 21.2 56.2 4.9 0.2 1.1 1,035 19.8 2,171 9.5 47.7 Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified.. CA 21,438 26,046 26,094 3,606 29.7 50.0 1.8 33.8 11.6 0.2 2.7 1,099 23.7 2,097 12.4 52.4 Pomona Unified........................ CA 26,918 34,479 30,032 12,278 77.2 5.8 6.3 81.7 6.0 0.1 0.3 1,368 22.0 2,552 11.8 53.6 Poway Unified........................... CA 24,662 32,532 33,305 3,890 11.1 55.3 3.0 11.1 24.6 0.4 5.6 1,469 22.7 2,895 11.5 50.8 

Redlands Unified...................... CA 16,002 19,411 21,427 2,179 50.7 36.5 7.0 36.6 11.3 0.6 7.9 963 22.2 1,350 15.9 71.4 Rialto Unified............................. CA 19,794 28,060 27,452 8,486 75.8 5.8 17.0 73.3 2.2 0.3 1.5 1,199 22.9 2,293 12.0 52.3 Riverside Unified....................... CA 31,326 38,124 43,336 8,095 57.8 30.4 9.2 53.6 5.2 0.6 1.1 1,916 22.6 3,776 11.5 50.7 Rowland Unified ....................... CA 19,143 18,972 16,485 5,617 58.5 3.7 2.3 60.8 29.5 0.1 3.6 797 20.7 1,613 10.2 49.4 Sacramento City Unified.......... CA 49,557 52,734 48,155 12,362 65.9 21.1 20.9 33.0 23.1 1.2 0.7 2,316 20.8 4,147 11.6 55.9 Saddleback Valley Unified ....... CA 25,130 35,199 32,936 4,090 15.8 59.6 2.0 24.9 10.8 0.3 2.4 1,377 23.9 2,473 13.3 55.7 San Bernardino City Unified.... CA 40,589 52,031 54,727 18,131 84.8 10.5 15.6 69.0 2.7 0.7 1.4 2,639 20.7 4,748 11.5 55.6 

San Diego Unified .................... CA 121,107 141,804 132,256 38,743 63.5 25.2 13.2 44.5 16.6 0.5 0.0 6,855 19.3 13,278 10.0 51.6 San Francisco Unified.............. CA 61,688 59,979 55,183 16,851 56.3 10.8 12.3 23.1 48.4 0.6 4.8 3,168 17.4 4,931 11.2 64.3 San Jose Unified...................... CA 29,630 33,015 31,918 8,495 47.6 26.7 3.4 51.7 15.5 0.8 1.9 1,548 20.6 2,594 12.3 59.7 San Juan Unified...................... CA 47,690 50,266 47,230 4,492 37.1 65.7 7.7 17.1 7.0 1.9 0.6 2,248 21.0 4,679 10.1 48.0 1

San Marcos Unified.................. CA 9,108 12,804 17,852 4,158 41.6 39.3 3.1 47.3 8.5 0.5 1.2 774 23.1 1,480 12.1 52.2 San Ramon Valley Unified....... CA 16,119 20,742 26,975 1,231 1.8 59.2 2.1 4.8 25.2 0.2 8.5 1,267 21.3 2,272 11.9 55.8 Santa Ana Unified .................... CA 45,964 60,643 57,439 32,202 81.4 3.1 0.6 92.4 3.1 0.1 0.7 2,579 22.3 4,189 13.7 61.6 Simi Valley Unified.................... CA 18,262 21,181 20,855 2,091 24.7 61.8 1.5 24.2 8.7 0.7 3.1 913 22.8 2,172 9.6 42.0 Stockton Unified........................ CA 32,687 37,573 37,831 10,598 79.0 9.0 12.6 57.2 16.9 4.2 0.2 1,866 20.3 3,698 10.2 50.5 1

Sweetwater Union High........... CA 27,894 35,330 42,804 11,143 47.4 10.0 4.3 73.0 12.0 0.4 0.2 1,857 23.1 3,780 11.3 49.1 Temecula Valley Unified........... CA 7,596 18,980 29,492 2,131 13.0 50.0 4.4 20.3 10.2 1.0 14.1 1,363 21.6 2,451 12.0 55.6 Torrance Unified........................ CA 19,645 24,118 24,758 3,454 18.5 32.6 3.4 18.0 36.1 0.6 9.3 1,057 23.4 2,087 11.9 50.6 Tracy Joint Unified .................... CA 7,626 13,816 17,342 4,179 36.2 29.1 8.1 40.6 16.9 0.6 4.8 836 20.8 1,498 11.6 55.8 Tustin Unified............................. CA 10,831 16,963 21,682 5,321 35.8 33.5 2.2 42.4 17.8 0.3 3.8 907 23.9 1,669 13.0 54.4 

Twin Rivers Unified................... CA — — 30,927 8,792 73.9 33.0 15.4 31.1 12.2 0.9 7.4 1,493 20.7 3,243 9.5 46.0 Val Verde Unified...................... CA — 11,242 19,183 4,786 67.4 7.1 16.4 69.1 4.0 0.1 3.2 834 23.0 1,483 12.9 56.3 Vallejo City Unified.................... CA 19,049 20,270 16,672 2,836 54.9 10.8 31.7 28.5 23.7 0.6 4.6 823 20.3 1,614 10.3 51.0 1Ventura Unified ......................... CA 15,383 17,527 17,371 2,563 40.1 45.1 1.8 40.5 3.6 1.1 7.8 811 21.4 1,565 11.1 51.8 Visalia Unified........................... CA 21,309 23,989 27,024 5,056 57.9 30.9 2.9 57.8 6.2 2.1 0.1 1,177 23.0 2,305 11.7 51.0 

Vista Unified.............................. CA 18,489 27,651 26,726 7,414 51.1 29.3 5.4 53.1 5.4 0.5 6.3 1,277 20.9 2,275 11.7 56.1 2West Contra Costa Unified...... CA 31,292 34,499 30,769 10,037 64.7 10.6 22.5 46.3 15.6 0.2 4.9 1,561 19.7 2,708 11.4 57.6 1William S. Hart Union High...... CA 10,278 17,001 25,629 1,969 11.8 52.4 5.3 29.3 11.3 0.4 1.4 1,046 24.5 1,858 13.8 56.3 Academy School District No. 20 CO 10,986 17,628 21,917 222 9.4 81.6 4.0 8.2 5.4 0.8 — 1,336 16.4 2,642 8.3 50.6 Adams 12 Five Star Schools... CO 20,838 30,079 40,818 4,512 29.3 60.2 2.7 30.9 5.4 0.9 — 2,048 19.9 4,200 9.7 48.8 1Aurora Joint District No. 28...... CO 25,897 30,453 35,523 12,525 59.6 24.1 20.1 50.6 4.3 0.8 — 1,864 19.1 4,162 8.5 44.8 1Boulder Valley No. RE 2........... CO 21,502 27,508 28,875 2,398 17.0 76.3 1.6 14.7 6.8 0.6 — 1,744 16.6 3,877 7.4 45.0 Cherry Creek............................ CO 29,210 42,320 51,199 3,324 22.2 63.3 14.4 13.4 8.3 0.6 — 2,950 17.4 6,295 8.1 46.9 Colorado Springs...................... CO 30,009 32,699 29,323 2,251 48.0 62.1 11.0 22.3 2.9 1.7 — 1,836 16.0 4,059 7.2 45.2 1Denver....................................... CO 59,013 70,847 74,189 20,379 65.9 22.8 17.2 55.5 3.4 1.1 — 4,356 17.0 9,226 8.0 47.2 2Douglas County........................ CO 13,125 34,918 58,723 1,606 8.0 82.5 3.0 9.4 4.5 0.6 — 3,133 18.7 6,757 8.7 46.4 Greeley...................................... CO 11,657 15,998 18,920 3,849 52.7 43.3 1.4 53.6 1.1 0.6 — 1,058 17.9 2,115 8.9 50.0 Jefferson County ...................... CO 76,275 87,703 85,946 4,937 24.4 73.7 2.0 19.2 3.8 1.2 — 4,959 17.3 10,778 8.0 46.0 Littleton...................................... CO 15,524 16,516 15,869 647 16.3 82.4 2.2 11.5 3.3 0.6 — 917 17.3 1,893 8.4 48.4 

Mesa County Valley.................. CO 17,024 19,688 22,171 933 37.7 76.8 1.6 19.1 1.3 1.3 — 1,270 17.5 2,702 8.2 47.0 1

Poudre R-1................................ CO 18,589 24,052 25,960 1,675 24.8 77.5 1.9 16.0 3.5 1.1 — 1,531 17.0 3,310 7.8 46.3 Pueblo....................................... CO 18,364 17,636 18,524 677 66.8 33.5 2.8 61.8 0.8 1.1 — 1,119 16.6 2,341 7.9 47.8 1Saint Vrain Valley...................... CO 15,070 19,620 25,751 2,867 28.4 67.2 1.3 27.0 3.7 0.9 — 1,359 19.0 2,758 9.3 49.3 Thompson................................. CO 12,019 14,766 15,332 456 28.6 81.3 1.2 15.1 1.6 0.8 — 898 17.1 1,943 7.9 46.2 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Bridgeport................................. CT 19,687 22,432 20,451 2,742 97.9 8.8 41.0 47.3 2.8 0.2 — 1,617 12.6 3,007 6.8 53.8 1

Hartford ..................................... CT 25,418 22,543 21,598 3,103 91.8 6.7 39.2 52.3 1.6 0.2 — 1,915 11.3 3,347 6.5 57.2 New Haven ............................... CT 17,881 19,549 19,736 2,438 72.8 12.5 48.8 36.9 1.6 0.2 — 1,753 11.3 3,350 5.9 52.3 Waterbury.................................. CT 13,323 16,282 18,319 2,097 74.7 25.8 28.0 44.0 1.9 0.3 — 1,494 12.3 2,865 6.4 52.1 Christina.................................... DE 17,872 19,882 17,200 1,389 52.4 37.3 43.0 14.6 4.8 0.2 — 1,178 14.6 2,313 7.4 50.9 1Red Clay Consolidated............ DE 14,551 15,827 15,709 1,834 43.5 48.4 25.3 21.8 4.3 0.1 — 956 16.4 1,636 9.6 58.4 District of Columbia.................. DC 80,694 68,925 44,331 4,370 70.2 7.8 77.8 12.2 2.1 0.1 — 3,552 12.5 8,494 5.2 41.8 1Alachua..................................... FL 26,387 29,712 27,546 459 46.0 51.4 37.6 6.3 4.4 0.2 — 2,105 13.1 4,391 6.3 47.9 1Bay............................................. FL 21,875 25,755 25,958 354 47.9 77.5 15.7 4.1 2.2 0.5 — 2,012 12.9 3,518 7.4 57.2 Brevard...................................... FL 56,639 70,597 73,098 1,778 34.4 73.2 15.4 8.9 2.2 0.3 — 5,290 13.8 9,296 7.9 56.9 

Broward..................................... FL 161,100 251,129 256,351 25,540 47.8 30.3 39.1 26.9 3.5 0.2 — 18,729 13.7 31,048 8.3 60.3 Charlotte.................................... FL 13,030 17,170 17,370 194 50.4 80.1 9.8 8.2 1.6 0.3 — 1,279 13.6 2,586 6.7 49.5 Citrus......................................... FL 11,697 15,199 16,030 151 47.6 87.9 4.7 5.2 1.7 0.4 — 1,263 12.7 2,485 6.5 50.8 Clay............................................ FL 21,933 28,115 35,949 465 29.5 76.6 13.3 7.0 2.9 0.2 — 2,772 13.0 5,001 7.2 55.4 Collier......................................... FL 20,878 34,203 42,534 6,293 51.2 43.2 12.1 43.3 1.2 0.3 — 3,055 13.9 5,733 7.4 53.3 Dade.......................................... FL 292,000 368,625 345,525 52,434 63.4 9.2 26.0 63.4 1.2 0.1 — 22,384 15.4 38,954 8.9 57.5 Duval.......................................... FL 111,100 125,846 122,606 3,497 45.7 42.1 46.1 7.3 4.3 0.2 — 7,973 15.4 12,812 9.6 62.2 Escambia.................................. FL 43,091 45,012 40,924 357 58.8 55.0 38.1 3.3 2.9 0.7 — 3,550 11.5 6,192 6.6 57.3 Hernando.................................. FL 12,861 17,215 22,728 670 50.6 77.0 7.4 13.7 1.4 0.5 — 1,735 13.1 3,205 7.1 54.1 Hillsborough.............................. FL 123,900 164,311 192,007 22,009 51.5 43.8 23.1 29.5 3.3 0.3 — 13,986 13.7 25,893 7.4 54.0 Indian River............................... FL 11,838 14,979 17,606 995 45.7 64.4 16.3 17.7 1.3 0.2 — 1,210 14.6 2,196 8.0 55.1 Lake........................................... FL 21,065 29,293 40,960 2,086 44.9 63.9 15.9 17.3 2.3 0.6 — 2,885 14.2 5,814 7.0 49.6 Lee............................................. FL 43,240 58,401 79,434 6,700 52.2 53.0 15.4 29.4 1.7 0.4 — 5,034 15.8 9,469 8.4 53.2 Leon........................................... FL 27,241 32,050 32,521 473 39.6 50.3 42.8 3.5 3.1 0.2 — 2,435 13.4 4,785 6.8 50.9 

Manatee.................................... FL 26,326 36,569 42,580 4,128 46.8 57.9 15.8 24.5 1.8 0.1 — 2,646 16.1 5,503 7.7 48.1 Marion ....................................... FL 29,577 38,562 42,625 1,948 55.0 61.7 20.6 15.5 1.7 0.6 — 3,006 14.2 6,363 6.7 47.2 Martin ........................................ FL 11,808 16,308 18,067 2,158 33.6 70.2 8.4 19.9 1.4 0.1 — 1,210 14.9 2,249 8.0 53.8 

Okaloosa................................... FL 26,140 30,344 29,126 613 32.2 77.8 13.1 5.8 2.8 0.5 — 1,924 15.1 2,952 9.9 65.2 Orange...................................... FL 103,000 150,681 172,257 33,758 48.6 34.7 28.2 32.2 4.5 0.4 — 10,975 15.7 21,875 7.9 50.2 Osceola..................................... FL 19,570 34,566 51,941 9,897 65.2 31.9 11.3 53.8 2.7 0.3 — 3,117 16.7 6,672 7.8 46.7 Palm Beach............................... FL 106,000 153,871 170,757 17,487 44.1 41.1 30.3 25.4 2.8 0.4 — 13,213 12.9 22,117 7.7 59.7 Pasco......................................... FL 33,891 49,704 66,784 2,670 45.9 76.7 6.0 14.6 2.4 0.3 — 5,082 13.1 9,709 6.9 52.3 Pinellas...................................... FL 94,364 113,027 106,061 3,799 43.6 65.3 20.1 10.2 4.1 0.3 — 7,878 13.5 14,692 7.2 53.6 Polk............................................ FL 65,218 79,477 94,657 8,461 57.7 52.2 22.8 23.3 1.5 0.3 — 7,548 12.5 13,993 6.8 53.9 Saint Johns............................... FL 12,080 20,090 29,018 203 19.2 83.9 8.6 4.7 2.6 0.2 — 1,738 16.7 3,322 8.7 52.3 Saint Lucie ................................ FL 22,224 29,540 38,839 2,873 57.7 43.2 31.2 23.5 1.8 0.3 — 2,826 13.7 5,325 7.3 53.1 

Santa Rosa............................... FL 15,741 22,633 25,397 126 35.1 88.9 5.5 3.2 1.8 0.6 — 1,770 14.4 2,708 9.4 65.4 Sarasota.................................... FL 27,888 35,533 41,070 2,247 40.9 74.6 10.1 13.0 2.1 0.2 — 2,683 15.3 5,408 7.6 49.6 Seminole................................... FL 49,027 60,869 64,927 2,480 34.4 62.0 14.2 19.4 4.1 0.2 — 4,519 14.4 7,695 8.4 58.7 Volusia....................................... FL 48,403 61,517 63,018 2,913 46.7 66.2 15.2 16.6 1.7 0.2 — 4,445 14.2 8,537 7.4 52.1 Atlanta ....................................... GA 60,795 58,230 49,032 1,343 76.3 10.4 83.9 4.8 0.8 0.1 — 3,764 13.0 6,968 7.0 54.0 Bibb County .............................. GA 24,413 24,739 24,968 313 74.8 22.1 74.1 2.1 1.6 0.1 — 1,645 15.2 3,769 6.6 43.7 1Chatham County...................... GA 34,100 35,344 33,994 617 62.0 26.2 66.8 4.7 2.2 0.2 — 2,715 12.5 5,001 6.8 54.3 Cherokee County ..................... GA 16,086 26,043 37,275 1,232 24.4 79.7 7.0 11.4 1.7 0.2 — 2,604 14.3 4,902 7.6 53.1 Clayton County......................... GA 34,754 46,930 49,508 3,584 76.8 4.7 75.3 15.4 4.6 0.1 — 3,723 13.3 7,983 6.2 46.6 Cobb County............................. GA 69,441 95,781 106,747 8,348 37.9 48.1 31.6 15.3 4.8 0.2 — 8,215 13.0 14,654 7.3 56.1 

Columbia County...................... GA 14,096 18,756 22,767 246 26.7 75.0 17.4 3.8 3.6 0.2 — 1,492 15.3 3,132 7.3 47.6 Coweta County......................... GA 10,430 16,766 22,151 492 37.1 70.1 22.4 5.8 1.4 0.4 — 1,510 14.7 3,229 6.9 46.8 DeKalb County......................... GA 74,404 95,958 99,775 7,436 66.1 10.8 75.4 9.7 4.0 0.1 — 6,902 14.5 14,374 6.9 48.0 

Dougherty County.................... GA 18,877 16,799 16,222 120 79.1 9.9 88.2 1.4 0.5 # — 1,115 14.6 2,509 6.5 44.4 Douglas County........................ GA 14,002 17,489 24,800 860 52.1 38.9 50.3 9.2 1.5 0.1 — 1,777 14.0 3,467 7.2 51.3 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Fayette County.......................... GA 13,105 19,590 22,118 474 17.4 64.2 24.6 6.4 4.6 0.2 — 1,573 14.1 3,251 6.8 48.4 Forsyth County ......................... GA 7,742 17,131 32,374 1,496 15.9 82.9 2.3 9.4 5.3 0.2 — 2,215 14.6 4,140 7.8 53.5 Fulton County ........................... GA 41,935 68,583 88,299 4,561 39.4 36.4 44.0 10.8 8.8 0.1 — 6,530 13.5 12,418 7.1 52.6 

Gwinnett County....................... GA 64,980 110,075 157,219 20,521 45.7 36.4 29.1 23.3 11.0 0.1 — 10,978 14.3 20,043 7.8 54.8 Hall County ............................... GA 13,833 20,330 25,629 4,477 53.5 57.4 5.2 35.3 1.7 0.3 — 1,882 13.6 3,426 7.5 54.9 Henry County............................ GA 10,929 23,601 39,956 938 40.9 45.4 45.8 5.8 2.4 0.5 — 2,675 14.9 5,031 7.9 53.2 Houston County........................ GA 16,249 21,529 26,285 717 48.5 55.6 36.6 5.2 2.3 0.2 — 1,911 13.8 3,903 6.7 49.0 Muscogee County.................... GA 30,125 32,916 32,585 509 59.7 31.8 61.8 4.2 2.0 0.2 — 2,363 13.8 5,396 6.0 43.8 Newton County......................... GA 8,054 11,734 19,315 437 56.2 41.8 52.4 4.8 0.9 0.1 — 1,330 14.5 2,738 7.1 48.6 Paulding County....................... GA 7,604 16,587 27,908 398 32.3 72.4 21.7 5.0 0.8 0.2 — 1,975 14.1 3,662 7.6 53.9 Richmond County..................... GA 33,660 35,424 32,716 162 70.2 21.5 74.8 2.5 1.1 0.1 — 2,345 13.9 4,747 6.9 49.4 Rockdale County...................... GA 10,942 13,519 15,705 575 54.6 28.7 59.1 10.3 1.7 0.1 — 1,179 13.3 2,273 6.9 51.9 Hawaii Department of 

Education........................... HI 159,285 184,360 179,478 18,564 41.7 19.5 2.3 4.6 72.9 0.6 — 11,294 15.9 21,604 8.3 52.3 

Boise Independent................... ID 23,394 26,598 25,543 2,096 33.9 82.9 3.2 8.8 4.6 0.5 — 1,499 17.0 2,662 9.6 56.3 Meridian Joint ........................... ID 14,802 23,854 34,441 1,180 23.1 88.7 1.7 6.1 2.9 0.7 — 1,746 19.7 3,129 11.0 55.8 Nampa....................................... ID 7,878 11,403 15,375 1,895 52.6 67.3 0.9 28.4 1.4 2.0 — 773 19.9 1,349 11.4 57.3 Carpentersville (CUSD 300).... IL 11,196 16,711 19,985 3,528 30.5 60.7 5.2 28.3 5.7 0.2 — 1,176 17.0 1,426 14.0 82.5 City of Chicago ......................... IL 408,830 435,261 421,430 72,722 83.4 8.9 46.6 40.8 3.5 0.2 — 21,512 19.6 25,485 16.5 84.4 1

Elgin (SD U-46) ........................ IL 27,726 36,767 41,162 10,777 46.7 39.1 7.2 45.3 8.2 0.2 — 2,353 17.5 2,743 15.0 85.8 Indian Prairie (CUSD 204)....... IL 7,670 23,173 29,572 1,601 — 64.3 9.8 7.4 18.4 0.1 — 1,855 15.9 2,217 13.3 83.6 

Naperville (CUSD 203)............ IL 16,212 18,762 18,170 799 8.2 75.0 4.8 5.0 15.2 0.1 — 1,077 16.9 1,378 13.2 78.1 Oswego (CUSD 308)............... IL 4,108 6,846 15,483 783 16.6 67.5 8.3 18.1 6.0 0.2 — 808 19.2 947 16.4 85.4 Plainfield (SD 202).................... IL 3,324 11,986 28,796 2,713 11.8 64.8 9.3 20.4 5.4 0.1 — 1,753 16.4 2,111 13.6 83.0 Rockford (SD 205).................... IL 27,255 27,399 28,471 3,177 74.8 40.2 32.2 24.1 3.4 0.1 — 1,846 15.4 2,184 13.0 84.5 Valley View (CUSD 365).......... IL 11,781 13,558 18,145 2,208 47.0 33.6 24.7 35.2 6.4 0.1 — 1,114 16.3 1,348 13.5 82.6 Waukegan (CUSD 60)............. IL 12,116 15,510 17,049 6,773 63.8 6.4 18.2 73.8 1.6 0.1 — 1,065 16.0 1,272 13.4 83.7 Carmel Clay Schools ............... IN 8,449 12,073 15,319 352 6.7 84.2 3.1 2.1 10.4 0.1 — 846 18.1 2,347 6.5 36.0 Evansville-Vanderburgh  School Corp........................... IN 22,918 22,875 22,274 285 53.0 81.1 15.4 1.9 1.2 0.3 — 1,477 15.1 2,907 7.7 50.8 Fort Wayne................................ IN 31,611 31,843 31,419 2,064 62.5 56.0 27.2 12.9 3.3 0.5 — 1,930 16.3 3,899 8.1 49.5 Hamilton Southeastern............ IN 3,113 8,777 17,140 532 11.0 84.5 7.0 3.1 5.2 0.2 — 877 19.5 1,971 8.7 44.5 Indianapolis............................... IN 48,140 41,008 34,050 3,695 82.6 24.2 59.6 15.7 0.3 0.2 — 2,436 14.0 5,379 6.3 45.3 1MSD Lawrence Township........ IN 11,066 15,692 16,119 1,289 44.2 46.4 41.3 10.4 1.7 0.1 — 906 17.8 2,423 6.7 37.4 MSD Wayne Township............. IN 12,229 13,263 15,384 1,702 61.7 50.8 32.6 15.0 1.4 0.2 — 921 16.7 1,933 8.0 47.6 South Bend............................... IN 21,425 21,536 21,434 2,452 68.8 43.3 38.1 16.8 1.3 0.5 — 1,319 16.3 3,251 6.6 40.6 Vigo County.............................. IN 16,982 16,545 15,971 159 48.9 91.5 6.1 0.8 1.4 0.1 — 1,015 15.7 1,993 8.0 50.9 Cedar Rapids............................ IA 17,003 17,780 16,875 276 39.3 79.0 14.8 3.2 2.5 0.5 — 1,069 15.8 2,396 7.0 44.6 Davenport ................................. IA 17,846 16,874 16,583 432 53.7 65.2 22.0 9.3 2.8 0.8 — 1,137 14.6 2,129 7.8 53.4 Des Moines Independent ........ IA 30,888 32,435 31,613 4,354 55.7 57.8 19.1 17.2 5.4 0.5 — 2,223 14.2 4,574 6.9 48.6 Blue Valley................................. KS 9,433 17,111 20,969 320 5.2 84.5 3.7 2.5 8.9 0.4 — 1,378 15.2 2,102 10.0 65.6 Kansas City............................... KS 22,118 21,173 20,317 5,278 82.5 16.0 42.2 38.0 3.5 0.4 — 1,416 14.3 2,051 9.9 69.1 Olathe........................................ KS 14,870 20,703 26,662 1,187 20.6 79.5 6.0 9.7 4.5 0.3 — 1,925 13.8 3,070 8.7 62.7 Shawnee Mission..................... KS 30,619 30,765 27,442 1,662 27.1 76.0 8.6 11.4 3.1 0.9 — 1,958 14.0 2,868 9.6 68.3 Wichita....................................... KS 47,222 48,228 47,260 6,470 70.3 42.5 21.8 26.8 6.1 2.8 — 2,964 15.9 4,669 10.1 63.5 Boone County........................... KY 9,911 13,445 18,560 770 27.8 90.8 3.0 3.5 2.5 0.2 — 1,152 16.1 2,453 7.6 47.0 Fayette County.......................... KY 32,083 33,130 36,110 2,511 44.8 61.8 24.9 9.4 3.7 0.2 — 2,648 13.6 5,270 6.9 50.3 Jefferson County ...................... KY 91,450 96,860 98,774 4,959 56.1 54.4 37.7 5.2 2.7 0.1 — 6,144 16.1 14,144 7.0 43.4 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Ascension Parish...................... LA 13,001 15,038 19,104 226 43.7 63.8 30.6 4.4 0.9 0.3 — 1,333 14.3 2,604 7.3 51.2 Bossier Parish........................... LA 17,804 18,797 19,707 553 42.9 62.9 29.9 5.2 1.7 0.3 — 1,311 15.0 2,729 7.2 48.0 Caddo Parish............................ LA 51,375 45,119 42,610 390 63.1 32.8 64.5 1.4 1.1 0.3 — 2,913 14.6 6,659 6.4 43.8 1Calcasieu Parish....................... LA 32,917 32,261 32,685 279 58.1 61.2 35.9 1.7 1.0 0.2 — 2,467 13.2 5,000 6.5 49.3 East Baton Rouge Parish........ LA 61,669 54,246 43,869 1,340 82.5 11.6 83.0 2.8 2.6 0.1 — 3,171 13.8 6,412 6.8 49.5 1Jefferson Parish........................ LA 58,177 50,891 43,682 4,185 74.8 31.7 49.5 12.9 5.2 0.8 — 3,126 14.0 6,720 6.5 46.5 1

Lafayette Parish........................ LA 29,403 28,931 29,653 773 60.3 51.7 43.2 3.0 1.7 0.3 — 2,212 13.4 4,270 6.9 51.8 Livingston Parish ...................... LA 16,310 19,723 24,131 210 50.8 91.1 6.3 2.1 0.3 0.2 — 1,612 15.0 3,201 7.5 50.4 Ouachita Parish........................ LA 17,667 17,479 19,119 137 51.0 66.0 31.8 1.3 0.8 0.1 — 1,312 14.6 3,003 6.4 43.7 Rapides Parish ......................... LA 24,765 23,467 23,582 361 66.2 52.7 43.0 2.2 1.2 0.9 — 1,679 14.0 3,379 7.0 49.7 Saint Landry Parish.................. LA 17,213 15,457 15,095 123 74.4 41.3 57.0 1.0 0.5 0.1 — 1,096 13.8 2,208 6.8 49.6 Saint Tammany Parish............. LA 27,522 32,392 35,490 492 43.4 75.8 19.1 3.1 1.6 0.4 — 2,606 13.6 5,274 6.7 49.4 Tangipahoa Parish.................... LA 16,724 18,197 19,402 267 73.8 49.9 47.2 2.1 0.6 0.2 — 1,211 16.0 2,586 7.5 46.8 1Terrebonne Parish.................... LA 21,116 19,774 18,898 241 59.8 58.5 28.8 2.5 1.1 9.1 — 1,433 13.2 2,753 6.9 52.0 1Anne Arundel County............... MD 65,011 74,491 73,653 — 22.7 66.1 22.9 6.6 4.0 0.4 — 4,939 14.9 9,235 8.0 53.5 Baltimore City............................ MD 108,663 99,859 82,266 — 73.7 7.8 88.4 2.8 0.7 0.3 — 5,839 14.1 11,517 7.1 50.7 1

Baltimore County...................... MD 86,737 106,898 103,180 — 36.7 48.7 40.4 4.7 5.8 0.5 — 7,339 14.1 14,187 7.3 51.7 Calvert County.......................... MD 10,398 16,170 17,052 — 15.7 78.1 16.9 2.4 2.0 0.6 — 1,117 15.3 2,253 7.6 49.6 Carroll County........................... MD 21,835 27,528 27,964 — 12.7 91.2 4.0 2.4 1.9 0.4 — 1,938 14.4 3,580 7.8 54.1 Cecil County.............................. MD 12,868 15,905 16,209 — 30.6 84.9 10.1 3.4 1.2 0.4 — 1,172 13.8 2,254 7.2 52.0 Charles County......................... MD 18,708 23,468 26,727 — 25.1 39.0 53.3 3.6 3.3 0.8 — 1,727 15.5 3,323 8.0 52.0 Frederick County ...................... MD 26,848 36,885 40,070 — 18.4 74.3 12.3 8.2 4.8 0.4 — 2,718 14.7 5,398 7.4 50.3 Harford County ......................... MD 31,500 39,520 38,610 — 23.3 72.5 20.2 3.7 3.1 0.6 — 2,742 14.1 5,302 7.3 51.7 Howard County......................... MD 29,949 44,946 49,905 — 12.9 57.3 21.3 5.5 15.6 0.3 — 3,887 12.8 7,506 6.6 51.8 Montgomery County................ MD 103,757 134,180 139,282 — 27.0 39.1 23.1 22.1 15.5 0.3 — 9,401 14.8 19,870 7.0 47.3 

Prince George's County........... MD 108,868 133,723 127,977 — 47.6 4.7 73.4 18.5 3.0 0.4 — 8,870 14.4 18,292 7.0 48.5 Saint Mary's County................. MD 12,549 15,151 16,752 — 24.9 72.2 21.0 3.3 2.9 0.6 — 1,021 16.4 1,984 8.4 51.5 Washington County.................. MD 17,778 19,782 21,734 — 41.2 79.9 13.5 4.4 1.9 0.2 — 1,488 14.6 2,851 7.6 52.2 Boston....................................... MA 60,543 63,024 55,923 6,124 74.3 13.3 37.9 38.1 8.6 0.4 1.7 4,374 12.8 7,771 7.2 56.3 1

Brockton.................................... MA 14,529 16,791 15,312 1,869 68.8 30.6 49.5 13.6 2.7 0.7 2.9 1,107 13.8 2,046 7.5 54.1 Springfield................................. MA 24,194 26,526 25,360 2,921 77.8 15.7 23.2 54.8 2.2 0.1 4.0 1,882 13.5 3,192 7.9 59.0 1Worcester.................................. MA 21,066 25,828 23,109 5,379 65.8 39.0 13.6 36.4 7.9 0.4 2.6 1,640 14.1 3,016 7.7 54.4 Ann Arbor.................................. MI 14,190 16,539 16,523 1,062 19.2 62.0 16.1 5.3 16.2 0.4 — 1,016 16.3 3,561 4.6 28.5 Chippewa Valley ...................... MI 9,340 12,329 15,729 493 16.7 88.1 7.0 2.1 2.5 0.2 — 731 21.5 1,388 11.3 52.7 Dearborn City............................ MI 13,380 17,129 18,478 6,028 61.1 92.1 4.7 2.1 0.8 0.2 — 1,090 17.0 2,150 8.6 50.7 Detroit City................................. MI 168,956 162,194 97,577 6,690 76.7 2.6 88.4 7.9 0.9 0.3 — 5,953 16.4 13,837 7.1 43.0 2Grand Rapids............................ MI 26,871 25,625 19,815 3,851 86.2 22.4 43.7 31.3 1.2 1.4 — 1,307 15.2 2,872 6.9 45.5 1Livonia....................................... MI 16,543 18,347 16,864 182 17.7 87.9 7.1 1.7 3.1 0.1 — 931 18.1 2,001 8.4 46.5 Plymouth-Canton ..................... MI 14,955 16,518 19,235 837 12.4 76.9 8.5 1.9 12.2 0.4 — 948 20.3 1,936 9.9 49.0 Utica Community Schools....... MI 23,960 27,786 29,364 1,040 15.3 91.4 4.1 1.6 2.9 0.1 — 1,461 20.1 3,039 9.7 48.1 Walled Lake Consolidated....... MI 9,555 14,438 15,763 1,383 16.7 83.4 7.9 2.4 6.0 0.3 — 860 18.3 1,678 9.4 51.3 

Warren Consolidated ............... MI 14,336 14,602 15,795 2,301 36.3 80.9 10.8 0.9 6.9 0.5 — 784 20.1 1,528 10.3 51.3 Anoka-Hennepin ...................... MN 34,524 41,314 40,218 2,381 25.7 79.4 9.2 3.6 6.4 1.4 — 2,426 16.6 4,780 8.4 50.7 Minneapolis............................... MN 41,050 48,834 35,312 7,467 63.5 30.2 38.4 18.0 8.7 4.7 — 2,273 15.5 5,249 6.7 43.3 1Osseo Public............................. MN 19,579 22,017 21,189 1,927 32.5 56.4 22.4 6.5 13.9 0.7 — 1,167 18.2 2,538 8.3 46.0 Rochester Public ...................... MN 14,045 15,929 16,246 2,189 29.6 71.6 11.5 6.9 9.7 0.4 — 952 17.1 1,833 8.9 51.9 Rosemount-Apple ValleyEagan ................................... MN 20,547 28,330 27,780 1,269 17.1 78.3 8.5 5.2 7.3 0.6 — 1,702 16.3 3,403 8.2 50.0 Saint Paul.................................. MN 35,932 45,115 38,938 15,727 69.8 25.0 29.8 13.8 29.7 1.7 — 2,577 15.1 5,780 6.7 44.6 South Washington County....... MN 11,417 14,953 17,087 662 14.5 77.6 7.4 5.0 9.3 0.6 — 1,000 17.1 1,928 8.9 51.9 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Desoto County.......................... MS 13,470 19,812 30,616 914 43.8 63.9 29.0 5.6 1.4 0.1 — 1,723 17.8 3,718 8.2 46.3 Jackson..................................... MS 33,546 31,351 30,587 136 86.4 1.6 97.6 0.7 0.1 # — 1,908 16.0 4,704 6.5 40.6 Rankin County.......................... MS 12,824 15,013 18,230 244 38.4 74.9 21.9 1.9 1.3 0.1 — 1,274 14.3 2,270 8.0 56.1 Columbia 93.............................. MO 12,786 16,178 17,256 528 34.1 67.3 23.1 4.1 5.3 0.3 — 1,317 13.1 2,460 7.0 53.5 Fort Zumwalt R-II...................... MO 10,110 16,521 18,687 124 14.3 89.0 6.3 2.2 2.3 0.2 — 1,198 15.6 2,325 8.0 51.5 Francis Howell R-III................... MO 13,391 19,497 20,395 178 13.3 89.2 5.7 2.1 2.8 0.2 — 1,212 16.8 1,838 11.1 65.9 Hazelwood................................ MO 16,985 18,855 18,886 275 51.8 29.3 67.9 1.5 1.1 0.1 — 1,210 15.6 2,438 7.7 49.6 Kansas City 33 ......................... MO 34,486 37,298 19,788 2,361 74.7 8.6 65.2 23.7 2.2 0.2 — 1,722 11.5 3,736 5.3 46.1 1Lee's Summit R-VII .................. MO 7,132 14,340 17,326 115 12.9 81.3 12.3 3.9 2.2 0.4 — 1,101 15.7 2,429 7.1 45.3 North Kansas City 74............... MO 15,732 17,258 18,391 955 39.9 70.5 13.4 10.3 4.7 1.1 — 1,266 14.5 3,021 6.1 41.9 Parkway C-2.............................. MO 21,542 20,433 17,467 361 9.1 70.4 16.1 2.4 11.0 0.2 — 1,195 14.6 2,563 6.8 46.6 Rockwood R-VI......................... MO 15,608 21,203 22,568 264 5.3 82.7 10.2 1.8 5.1 0.2 — 1,488 15.2 3,246 7.0 45.8 Saint Louis City......................... MO 43,284 44,412 27,421 1,285 — 13.8 80.8 2.7 2.4 0.3 — 2,325 11.8 3,727 7.4 62.4 1Springfield R-XII........................ MO 23,631 24,630 24,398 378 44.7 86.1 7.5 3.4 2.5 0.6 — 1,577 15.5 3,315 7.4 47.6 Lincoln ...................................... NE 27,986 31,354 34,061 2,752 40.1 76.5 9.7 7.7 4.3 1.7 — 2,491 13.7 4,860 7.0 51.2 

Millard........................................ NE 16,764 19,160 22,141 285 11.0 88.0 3.2 4.2 4.2 0.4 — 1,488 14.9 2,688 8.2 55.3 

Omaha ...................................... NE 41,699 45,197 48,014 6,344 62.2 39.6 31.4 25.3 2.2 1.5 — 3,386 14.2 7,678 6.3 44.1 Clark County............................. NV 121,984 231,655 312,761 59,782 41.0 35.3 14.4 40.1 9.4 0.8 — 15,348 20.4 17,823 17.5 86.1 Washoe County........................ NV 38,466 56,268 65,421 11,903 38.1 53.9 3.8 33.3 6.5 2.5 — 3,461 18.9 3,903 16.8 88.7 Elizabeth.................................... NJ 15,266 19,674 21,382 2,373 80.5 9.0 23.8 65.3 1.8 0.0 0.0 2,005 10.7 2,839 7.5 70.6 

Jersey City ................................ NJ 28,585 31,347 27,832 2,267 75.5 10.7 35.0 38.4 14.8 1.1 0.0 2,891 9.6 4,341 6.4 66.6 Newark...................................... NJ 48,433 42,150 39,992 3,158 82.0 7.6 57.0 34.4 0.8 0.1 0.0 2,776 14.4 4,493 8.9 61.8 Paterson.................................... NJ 22,109 24,629 23,507 4,228 85.6 5.5 32.8 58.6 3.0 0.1 0.0 2,245 10.5 3,245 7.2 69.2 Toms River Regional................ NJ 16,002 17,621 17,371 186 16.3 82.6 4.3 8.4 3.8 0.1 0.7 1,190 14.6 1,510 11.5 78.8 Albuquerque ............................. NM 88,295 85,276 95,934 — 52.7 31.0 4.0 57.2 2.4 5.4 — 6,542 14.7 13,304 7.2 49.2 1Las Cruces................................ NM 19,216 22,185 24,280 — 53.1 23.9 2.5 71.4 1.3 0.9 — 1,687 14.4 3,392 7.2 49.7 Rio Rancho............................... NM — 10,219 16,023 — 35.4 47.4 4.6 41.2 2.6 4.2 — 1,044 15.3 1,891 8.5 55.2 Brentwood Union Free............. NY 11,749 15,565 16,304 4,672 66.7 9.8 16.6 71.3 2.0 0.3 — 1,209 13.5 2,340 7.0 51.6 Buffalo City................................ NY 47,224 45,721 34,538 2,830 81.6 23.9 57.1 14.8 2.8 1.5 — 2,868 12.0 5,107 6.8 56.2 2New York City............................ NY 943,969 1,066,516 981,690 122,635 75.4 14.4 30.9 39.8 14.5 0.4 — 71,824 13.7 132,727 7.4 54.1 Rochester City.......................... NY 32,730 36,294 32,973 2,842 82.1 10.8 64.7 21.8 2.3 0.3 — 2,939 11.2 6,076 5.4 48.4 1

Sachem Central........................ NY 15,183 14,948 15,014 171 10.0 86.5 2.0 6.9 4.6 0.1 — 1,078 13.9 1,951 7.7 55.2 Syracuse City............................ NY 22,561 23,015 20,931 1,667 74.1 29.4 54.4 11.0 3.8 1.3 — 1,755 11.9 4,037 5.2 43.5 1Yonkers City .............................. NY 18,621 26,237 24,310 4,326 73.4 17.9 25.3 50.6 6.1 0.2 — 1,735 14.0 3,581 6.8 48.4 Alamance-Burlington................ NC 10,322 20,729 22,550 2,863 45.3 54.5 26.6 17.3 1.4 0.3 — 1,529 14.7 2,892 7.8 52.9 Buncombe County ................... NC 22,026 24,708 25,847 1,976 43.3 79.2 10.5 8.5 1.4 0.4 — 1,677 15.4 3,629 7.1 46.2 Burke County............................ NC 12,098 14,588 15,569 1,181 48.4 75.7 10.3 6.5 7.2 0.3 — 1,050 14.8 2,026 7.7 51.8 Cabarrus County...................... NC 12,853 19,115 28,015 2,111 33.1 65.6 20.9 11.2 1.9 0.3 — 1,922 14.6 3,616 7.7 53.1 Catawba County....................... NC 12,770 16,250 17,793 1,765 39.3 73.7 9.8 9.0 7.3 0.3 — 1,132 15.7 2,186 8.1 51.8 Charlotte-Mecklenburg............. NC 77,069 103,336 135,064 18,176 46.1 33.7 45.6 15.5 4.7 0.5 — 9,312 14.5 18,437 7.3 50.5 Cleveland County..................... NC 8,131 9,663 16,999 310 51.7 66.0 29.9 3.0 0.9 0.1 — 1,183 14.4 2,358 7.2 50.2 Cumberland County................. NC 44,612 50,850 54,288 1,326 51.7 36.8 52.1 7.2 1.9 1.9 — 3,736 14.5 7,607 7.1 49.1 Davidson County...................... NC 16,426 19,136 20,812 396 — 89.3 4.7 4.6 1.1 0.3 — 1,267 16.4 2,507 8.3 50.5 Durham ..................................... NC 18,517 29,728 32,900 5,164 45.9 22.0 56.9 18.2 2.7 0.2 — 2,394 13.7 4,694 7.0 51.0 Forsyth County ......................... NC 37,625 44,769 52,906 6,882 46.6 45.2 35.6 17.1 1.9 0.2 — 3,895 13.6 7,347 7.2 53.0 Gaston County.......................... NC 29,631 30,603 32,809 1,666 8.6 68.2 22.6 7.5 1.4 0.2 — 2,006 16.4 4,007 8.2 50.1 Guilford County......................... NC 24,575 63,417 72,951 6,102 46.5 39.5 45.8 8.9 5.3 0.5 — 5,091 14.3 10,437 7.0 48.8 Harnett County......................... NC 11,890 16,338 18,961 1,425 49.9 53.8 32.2 12.5 0.6 1.0 — 1,297 14.6 2,411 7.9 53.8 Iredell-Statesville....................... NC 10,610 17,235 21,415 1,048 36.1 71.4 16.9 9.0 2.6 0.2 — 1,373 15.6 2,691 8.0 51.0 Johnston County ...................... NC 14,647 21,334 31,512 3,040 — 61.1 21.9 15.9 0.6 0.5 — 2,205 14.3 4,071 7.7 54.2 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Nash-Rocky Mount................... NC 11,653 18,342 18,086 868 0.2 35.8 55.0 7.4 1.3 0.6 — 1,157 15.6 2,378 7.6 48.7 New Hanover County............... NC 19,090 21,605 24,103 1,061 38.0 63.8 28.2 6.1 1.5 0.4 — 1,651 14.6 3,597 6.7 45.9 Onslow County......................... NC 18,605 20,984 24,021 370 37.0 60.8 30.3 6.7 1.5 0.7 — 1,565 15.3 3,256 7.4 48.1 Pitt County................................. NC 17,693 20,040 23,487 1,095 0.2 39.3 51.6 7.5 1.4 0.2 — 1,633 14.4 3,170 7.4 51.5 

Randolph County ..................... NC 13,572 17,271 19,216 1,492 42.1 79.8 7.1 11.3 1.2 0.5 — 1,244 15.4 2,526 7.6 49.2 Robeson County ...................... NC 23,251 23,911 24,618 1,454 — 17.2 30.0 8.6 0.6 43.7 — 1,551 15.9 3,257 7.6 47.6 Rowan-Salisbury...................... NC 16,403 20,472 21,125 1,557 — 65.9 23.0 9.6 1.3 0.2 — 1,438 14.7 2,867 7.4 50.2 Union County............................ NC 12,864 22,862 38,439 1,955 — 69.4 17.0 11.8 1.5 0.3 — 2,624 14.6 5,216 7.4 50.3 Wake County............................ NC 64,266 98,950 138,443 14,227 — 51.8 30.6 11.5 5.8 0.3 — 9,317 14.9 17,123 8.1 54.4 Wayne County.......................... NC 13,653 19,279 19,633 1,494 51.7 44.5 42.4 11.8 1.1 0.2 — 1,361 14.4 2,675 7.3 50.9 Akron City.................................. OH 33,213 31,464 24,323 692 70.4 44.8 50.9 1.6 2.5 0.1 — 1,823 13.3 5,590 4.4 32.6 Cincinnati City........................... OH 51,148 46,562 35,346 1,016 67.8 24.7 72.4 2.0 0.8 0.1 — 1,833 19.3 4,415 8.0 41.5 Cleveland Municipal................. OH 70,019 75,684 49,952 2,715 59.0 15.6 71.4 12.1 0.6 0.3 — 3,585 13.9 7,995 6.2 44.8 1Columbus City .......................... OH 64,280 64,511 53,536 5,333 74.5 28.6 63.1 6.1 1.9 0.2 — 3,186 16.8 7,131 7.5 44.7 Dayton City................................ OH 28,000 23,522 15,566 360 72.2 25.4 71.3 2.9 0.4 # — 968 16.1 2,492 6.2 38.9 Hilliard City................................ OH 6,533 12,423 15,170 1,030 16.9 83.8 5.8 4.1 6.1 0.2 — 837 18.1 1,600 9.5 52.3 Lakota Local.............................. OH 9,356 14,659 18,355 847 15.7 81.5 9.5 3.4 5.4 0.1 — 898 20.4 1,867 9.8 48.1 South-Western City.................. OH 16,605 19,216 21,398 2,375 48.6 76.4 11.9 9.6 1.9 0.2 — 1,148 18.6 2,502 8.6 45.9 Toledo City................................. OH 40,452 37,738 26,516 419 68.0 42.8 47.7 8.8 0.6 0.1 — 1,888 14.0 3,770 7.0 50.1 Broken Arrow............................ OK 13,872 14,990 16,193 — 32.2 74.9 5.5 6.9 3.1 9.6 — 983 16.5 1,979 8.2 49.7 Edmond..................................... OK 13,041 17,084 20,290 — 22.8 74.5 11.7 5.2 4.8 3.8 — 1,140 17.8 2,320 8.7 49.2 Lawton....................................... OK 17,727 17,338 16,140 — 59.5 46.5 31.9 11.5 2.4 7.7 — 1,096 14.7 2,358 6.8 46.5 Moore........................................ OK 16,630 18,101 21,210 — 37.9 65.8 7.6 9.9 5.2 11.4 — 1,278 16.6 2,439 8.7 52.4 Oklahoma City.......................... OK 36,066 39,750 41,089 — 85.4 21.6 30.5 39.7 3.0 5.1 — 2,491 16.5 4,934 8.3 50.5 Putnam City.............................. OK 18,071 19,506 18,790 — 58.3 49.9 26.1 15.0 4.7 4.2 — 1,207 15.6 2,119 8.9 57.0 Tulsa .......................................... OK 40,732 42,812 41,195 — 76.2 33.6 33.8 20.4 1.5 10.8 — 2,705 15.2 6,140 6.7 44.1 1Beaverton.................................. OR 24,874 33,600 37,656 5,973 32.6 62.0 3.1 19.5 14.9 0.6 — 2,141 17.6 4,023 9.4 53.2 

Bend-Lapine ............................. OR 9,481 13,128 15,957 721 40.9 87.2 0.8 9.2 1.7 1.2 — 786 20.3 1,612 9.9 48.8 Eugene...................................... OR 17,904 18,432 17,786 547 35.0 79.8 3.0 9.0 5.8 2.3 — 881 20.2 1,946 9.1 45.3 Hillsboro .................................... OR 10,396 18,315 20,497 3,144 41.4 57.6 2.4 31.9 7.5 0.6 — 1,000 20.5 2,113 9.7 47.3 North Clackamas...................... OR 12,403 14,876 17,772 2,472 38.5 75.8 2.6 12.5 7.9 1.2 — 901 19.7 1,924 9.2 46.8 Portland..................................... OR 53,042 53,141 45,024 5,042 44.1 57.9 15.4 14.0 11.1 1.6 — 2,557 17.6 5,311 8.5 48.1 1Salem-Keizer ............................ OR 27,756 35,108 40,200 7,347 57.8 58.4 1.3 33.9 4.6 1.8 — 2,102 19.1 4,412 9.1 47.6 Allentown City........................... PA 13,519 16,424 17,766 2,234 80.1 18.0 17.6 62.8 1.4 0.2 — 1,158 15.3 2,185 8.1 53.0 1

Bethlehem Area........................ PA 12,220 14,165 15,166 1,229 39.2 53.3 9.9 33.4 3.2 0.2 — 1,029 14.7 1,933 7.8 53.2 Central Bucks............................ PA 10,286 17,305 20,364 0 4.9 91.2 1.8 2.4 4.5 0.1 — 1,218 16.7 2,422 8.4 50.3 Philadelphia City....................... PA 190,979 201,190 159,867 12,211 77.3 13.6 62.5 17.3 6.5 0.2 — 10,258 15.6 20,836 7.7 49.2 Pittsburgh.................................. PA 39,896 38,560 27,945 403 68.3 36.7 60.0 1.2 1.9 0.1 — 2,120 13.2 4,578 6.1 46.3 Reading..................................... PA 11,965 15,487 17,860 3,622 81.0 10.9 12.2 76.2 0.7 # — 1,142 15.6 2,150 8.3 53.1 Providence................................ RI 20,908 26,937 23,710 — 86.5 11.8 22.3 59.7 5.7 0.6 — 1,620 14.6 3,017 7.9 53.7 1Aiken 01 .................................... SC 23,970 25,147 24,687 1,026 54.7 58.2 35.6 5.1 0.8 0.3 — 1,553 15.9 2,297 10.7 67.6 

Beaufort 01 ............................... SC 12,518 16,721 19,353 2,590 50.1 44.7 35.5 18.3 1.2 0.3 — 1,366 14.2 1,679 11.5 81.4 Berkeley 01............................... SC 27,384 26,635 28,957 1,482 51.8 56.0 35.0 6.3 2.4 0.3 — 1,781 16.3 2,586 11.2 68.9 

Charleston 01........................... SC 43,637 44,767 42,303 1,952 49.6 42.5 50.2 5.5 1.6 0.3 — 3,211 13.2 4,422 9.6 72.6 Dorchester 02........................... SC 13,735 16,678 21,812 469 33.7 61.1 31.4 4.0 2.8 0.7 — 1,346 16.2 1,683 13.0 80.0 Florence 01............................... SC 14,731 13,930 15,677 222 56.5 43.9 52.5 1.7 1.8 0.2 — 1,070 14.6 1,677 9.4 63.8 Greenville 01............................. SC 51,434 59,875 70,441 5,907 42.4 60.4 26.4 10.4 2.6 0.2 — 4,542 15.5 6,132 11.5 74.1 Horry 01 .................................... SC 24,080 29,894 37,948 2,081 57.6 67.2 23.7 7.0 1.5 0.6 — 2,560 14.8 3,834 9.9 66.8 

Lexington 01 ............................. SC 11,202 17,285 21,835 755 30.4 82.2 10.2 4.8 2.2 0.5 — 1,315 16.6 1,733 12.6 75.9 Lexington 05 ............................. SC 11,683 15,064 16,764 393 26.0 65.7 29.1 2.2 2.9 0.2 — 1,154 14.5 1,494 11.2 77.2 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Pickens 01................................. SC 14,289 15,938 16,647 524 42.6 84.8 9.7 3.6 1.5 0.3 — 1,153 14.4 1,560 10.7 73.9 Richland 01............................... SC 27,051 27,061 24,332 548 60.5 18.2 77.8 3.0 0.9 0.2 — 1,688 14.4 2,202 11.1 76.7 Richland 02............................... SC 12,788 17,409 24,516 1,295 39.0 31.5 60.2 5.0 3.2 0.1 — 1,695 14.5 2,056 11.9 82.4 

York 03....................................... SC 12,685 14,925 17,664 711 46.9 53.6 37.4 5.6 1.8 1.6 — 1,074 16.5 1,384 12.8 77.6 1

Sioux Falls................................. SD 16,092 19,097 21,842 1,259 36.3 76.4 8.8 6.5 2.4 5.9 — 1,381 15.8 2,615 8.4 52.8 Davidson County...................... TN 68,452 67,669 74,312 7,618 67.2 33.2 48.1 15.1 3.5 0.2 — 5,307 14.0 10,735 6.9 49.4 Hamilton County....................... TN 22,785 39,915 41,547 944 51.1 59.4 33.3 5.1 2.0 0.2 — 2,865 14.5 5,033 8.3 56.9 Knox County............................. TN 50,750 51,944 55,535 1,063 39.7 79.4 14.6 3.7 2.0 0.3 — 3,831 14.5 6,966 8.0 55.0 Memphis City............................ TN 107,103 113,730 111,954 5,408 72.2 7.0 85.8 5.9 1.3 0.1 — 7,201 15.5 12,636 8.9 57.0 

Montgomery County................ TN 16,591 23,339 28,737 644 43.5 61.2 27.6 7.9 2.8 0.6 — 1,870 15.4 3,640 7.9 51.4 Rutherford County ................... TN 17,996 25,356 37,271 1,369 32.9 71.3 16.2 8.4 4.0 0.2 — 2,421 15.4 3,834 9.7 63.1 Shelby County .......................... TN 37,675 46,972 47,448 894 28.8 53.4 37.4 4.2 4.6 0.4 — 2,982 15.9 5,483 8.7 54.4 Sumner County ........................ TN 19,630 22,347 26,738 470 32.9 84.7 9.7 4.1 1.3 0.2 — 1,838 14.5 3,570 7.5 51.5 Williamson County ................... TN 11,472 19,545 29,898 416 8.8 88.4 4.4 3.2 3.9 0.1 — 1,917 15.6 3,572 8.4 53.7 

Abilene ISD............................... TX 18,217 18,118 16,489 482 59.4 47.9 14.4 35.6 1.5 0.6 — 1,190 13.9 2,364 7.0 50.3 Aldine ISD................................. TX 41,372 52,520 61,526 14,900 84.0 3.3 29.5 65.3 1.8 0.1 — 4,144 14.8 8,350 7.4 49.6 Alief ISD .................................... TX 29,774 42,151 45,230 13,370 76.3 3.6 34.8 49.1 12.5 0.1 — 3,077 14.7 5,898 7.7 52.2 Allen ISD................................... TX 5,240 10,604 17,590 1,275 14.0 63.5 11.0 12.8 12.0 0.7 — 1,167 15.1 2,079 8.5 56.1 Alvin ISD.................................... TX 9,323 11,324 16,169 1,936 52.1 39.1 12.3 41.5 6.7 0.3 — 1,058 15.3 2,126 7.6 49.8 Amarillo ISD.............................. TX 27,374 28,908 31,005 3,098 61.1 43.0 11.5 41.7 3.5 0.3 — 2,171 14.3 3,991 7.8 54.4 Arlington ISD............................. TX 44,958 58,866 63,045 10,173 54.7 30.0 23.6 38.7 7.2 0.4 — 4,076 15.5 8,105 7.8 50.3 Austin ISD................................. TX 65,885 77,816 83,483 21,994 62.6 25.8 11.7 58.8 3.4 0.2 — 5,890 14.2 11,323 7.4 52.0 Beaumont ISD.......................... TX 20,627 20,696 19,309 1,352 72.3 16.8 64.2 15.6 3.3 0.2 — 1,413 13.7 2,863 6.7 49.3 Birdville ISD............................... TX 18,477 21,246 22,576 2,032 47.5 54.1 7.2 32.4 5.6 0.7 — 1,448 15.6 2,779 8.1 52.1 Brownsville ISD......................... TX 37,489 40,898 48,587 16,101 0.6 1.3 0.2 98.2 0.4 # — 3,322 14.6 7,436 6.5 44.7 Bryan ISD.................................. TX 11,413 13,501 15,230 2,601 69.0 29.7 23.7 46.0 0.5 0.1 — 1,072 14.2 2,212 6.9 48.5 Carrollton-Farmers Branch ISD TX 17,561 24,134 26,257 5,910 57.1 22.7 14.9 50.9 11.2 0.3 — 1,821 14.4 3,372 7.8 54.0 Clear Creek ISD....................... TX 22,372 29,875 37,194 2,213 22.0 59.5 9.3 20.4 10.4 0.3 — 2,401 15.5 4,607 8.1 52.1 Comal ISD................................. TX 5,883 10,695 16,051 687 29.1 65.6 2.7 30.2 1.4 0.2 — 1,076 14.9 2,222 7.2 48.5 Conroe ISD............................... TX 23,288 34,928 47,996 4,561 31.7 61.7 6.8 27.5 3.5 0.5 — 3,082 15.6 5,842 8.2 52.8 Corpus Christi ISD ................... TX 41,881 39,138 38,474 2,050 64.9 15.8 5.3 76.8 1.9 0.2 — 2,410 16.0 4,981 7.7 48.4 Crowley ISD.............................. TX 5,832 9,137 15,031 1,030 42.6 30.6 39.3 25.1 4.3 0.6 — 1,012 14.9 1,942 7.7 52.1 Cypress-Fairbanks ISD............ TX 41,196 63,497 100,685 13,822 41.4 37.1 15.7 38.1 8.8 0.3 — 6,411 15.7 12,276 8.2 52.2 Dallas ISD................................. TX 135,000 161,548 157,352 51,439 85.7 4.6 27.6 66.5 1.0 0.2 — 10,937 14.4 20,358 7.7 53.7 1Denton ISD............................... TX 10,690 13,645 22,189 3,241 38.4 54.7 12.4 29.7 2.6 0.6 — 1,791 12.4 3,249 6.8 55.1 Eagle Mount-Saginaw ISD...... TX 4,691 6,567 15,292 1,012 32.1 53.4 10.4 31.4 4.4 0.4 — 956 16.0 1,797 8.5 53.2 Ector County ISD...................... TX 26,993 26,831 27,443 3,202 48.5 29.1 5.3 63.9 0.9 0.8 — 1,697 16.2 3,334 8.2 50.9 Edinburg CISD.......................... TX 15,645 22,005 30,749 9,449 19.5 1.8 0.4 97.0 0.7 0.1 — 2,033 15.1 4,348 7.1 46.8 El Paso ISD............................... TX 64,092 62,325 62,322 14,103 68.3 12.2 4.9 81.1 1.4 0.4 — 4,402 14.2 8,691 7.2 50.7 

Fort Bend ISD........................... TX 36,286 53,999 68,708 7,816 30.5 23.1 31.5 23.7 21.5 0.2 — 4,354 15.8 8,898 7.7 48.9 Fort Worth ISD.......................... TX 69,163 79,661 79,285 22,562 71.7 13.4 25.1 59.6 1.6 0.3 — 5,167 15.3 10,671 7.4 48.4 

Frisco ISD.................................. TX 1,419 7,234 30,797 1,339 11.5 62.0 11.9 13.6 11.9 0.6 — 2,243 13.7 4,100 7.5 54.7 

Galena Park ISD....................... TX 15,593 18,885 21,350 6,013 77.4 6.4 19.7 72.6 1.2 0.1 — 1,520 14.0 3,022 7.1 50.3 Garland ISD.............................. TX 37,978 50,312 57,510 10,770 50.8 28.8 18.7 44.1 8.0 0.4 — 3,785 15.2 7,392 7.8 51.2 Goose Creek CISD.................. TX 17,654 18,003 20,698 2,160 64.2 28.8 18.3 51.4 1.3 0.2 — 1,435 14.4 2,773 7.5 51.8 Grand Prairie ISD..................... TX 16,482 20,257 25,996 4,887 65.9 16.2 17.5 62.0 3.8 0.6 — 1,719 15.1 3,194 8.1 53.8 Harlingen CISD ........................ TX 14,863 15,857 17,990 2,186 74.4 8.3 0.7 90.1 0.8 0.1 — 1,175 15.3 2,563 7.0 45.9 Houston ISD ............................. TX 194,000 208,462 200,225 57,318 63.5 7.8 27.8 61.1 3.2 0.1 — 11,994 16.7 24,488 8.2 49.0 

Humble ISD............................... TX 19,560 24,684 33,883 2,496 27.2 52.5 17.9 25.7 3.5 0.3 — 2,292 14.8 4,374 7.7 52.4 Hurst-Euless-Bedford ISD....... TX 18,740 19,203 20,565 1,681 45.5 49.5 15.7 24.1 9.8 0.9 — 1,307 15.7 2,436 8.4 53.6 Irving ISD.................................. TX 23,509 29,097 33,131 12,071 74.0 14.6 12.7 68.2 4.1 0.4 — 2,330 14.2 4,116 8.1 56.6 Judson ISD ............................... TX 13,145 16,603 21,301 1,414 57.3 21.4 27.6 48.2 2.5 0.3 — 1,453 14.7 2,578 8.3 56.4 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Katy ISD.................................... TX 19,507 34,503 56,862 6,476 27.6 49.0 10.0 30.5 10.3 0.2 — 3,916 14.5 7,249 7.8 54.0 Keller ISD.................................. TX 8,212 17,083 30,299 1,455 16.8 67.1 7.9 16.7 7.4 0.9 — 1,909 15.9 3,493 8.7 54.6 

Killeen ISD ................................ TX 22,131 29,687 38,550 2,337 50.4 36.7 38.2 20.5 3.8 0.7 — 2,818 13.7 5,671 6.8 49.7 Klein ISD................................... TX 26,220 32,376 43,738 4,462 35.8 43.6 15.7 31.7 8.7 0.3 — 2,878 15.2 5,543 7.9 51.9 La Joya ISD............................... TX 9,844 17,641 27,055 12,132 25.9 0.2 # 99.7 # # — 1,824 14.8 3,764 7.2 48.5 Lamar CISD.............................. TX 12,335 15,159 22,958 2,670 45.1 31.0 19.0 44.8 4.9 0.3 — 1,448 15.9 2,813 8.2 51.5 Laredo ISD................................ TX 23,304 22,547 24,963 16,295 7.9 0.2 # 99.5 0.2 0.0 — 1,589 15.7 3,839 6.5 41.4 Leander ISD.............................. TX 5,419 14,499 28,507 1,273 19.0 68.8 5.3 20.2 5.2 0.5 — 2,011 14.2 3,721 7.7 54.0 Lewisville ISD............................ TX 20,776 39,096 50,216 5,490 23.5 59.2 9.1 21.4 9.9 0.5 — 3,666 13.7 6,146 8.2 59.7 Lubbock ISD............................. TX 30,991 29,026 28,970 560 60.6 33.3 14.9 49.7 1.8 0.2 — 2,026 14.3 3,615 8.0 56.0 Mansfield ISD ........................... TX 7,570 14,888 30,759 2,593 32.6 45.6 27.2 20.6 6.1 0.5 — 1,891 16.3 3,594 8.6 52.6 McAllen ISD.............................. TX 21,120 21,747 25,047 6,875 4.9 5.7 0.6 91.7 1.8 0.1 — 1,768 14.2 3,506 7.1 50.4 McKinney ISD........................... TX 5,052 12,000 23,401 1,950 23.7 61.1 12.1 22.9 3.4 0.5 — 1,664 14.1 2,722 8.6 61.1 Mesquite ISD............................ TX 25,920 32,334 37,030 4,739 56.9 28.3 25.3 42.9 3.0 0.5 — 2,363 15.7 4,385 8.4 53.9 Midland ISD.............................. TX 21,082 20,522 21,466 1,935 46.4 34.9 9.5 54.0 1.1 0.5 — 1,395 15.4 2,656 8.1 52.5 Mission CISD............................ TX 11,032 12,464 15,517 5,206 0.1 1.4 0.2 98.3 0.1 0.0 — 1,040 14.9 2,277 6.8 45.7 North East ISD.......................... TX 39,909 50,875 63,452 4,257 39.8 37.9 9.2 48.6 3.9 0.3 — 4,311 14.7 8,508 7.5 50.7 Northside ISD........................... TX 50,229 63,739 89,000 5,605 47.4 24.6 7.9 63.6 3.6 0.3 — 5,782 15.4 12,169 7.3 47.5 Pasadena ISD........................... TX 37,643 42,577 51,578 12,990 74.8 11.7 7.5 77.3 3.3 0.2 — 3,457 14.9 7,154 7.2 48.3 Pearland ISD............................. TX 6,739 10,618 17,640 1,306 23.1 47.2 17.1 25.5 9.9 0.3 — 1,079 16.3 2,141 8.2 50.4 Pflugerville ISD......................... TX 6,482 14,545 21,719 2,520 44.2 30.6 22.6 37.6 9.0 0.3 — 1,458 14.9 2,487 8.7 58.6 Pharr-San Juan-Alamo ISD..... TX 18,773 22,537 30,618 12,694 5.9 0.8 0.2 98.7 0.2 # — 1,929 15.9 4,137 7.4 46.6 Plano ISD.................................. TX 30,585 47,161 54,203 5,455 20.6 50.8 10.9 17.9 20.0 0.4 — 4,067 13.3 6,776 8.0 60.0 

Richardson ISD........................ TX 32,555 35,138 34,407 4,811 52.3 32.3 25.0 34.8 7.5 0.4 — 2,492 13.8 4,680 7.4 53.3 Round Rock ISD....................... TX 19,636 31,536 41,733 2,669 24.7 52.2 10.5 25.7 11.3 0.3 — 2,875 14.5 5,267 7.9 54.6 San Antonio ISD....................... TX 60,161 57,273 54,696 8,579 55.3 2.8 7.6 89.3 0.2 0.1 — 3,321 16.5 7,338 7.5 45.3 1Socorro ISD.............................. TX 14,350 26,711 39,771 8,559 74.4 4.0 1.8 93.3 0.5 0.4 — 2,429 16.4 4,709 8.4 51.6 Spring Branch ISD ................... TX 26,495 31,659 32,409 9,656 53.8 31.2 6.7 55.6 6.3 0.2 — 2,299 14.1 4,582 7.1 50.2 Spring ISD................................. TX 18,537 23,034 33,980 4,858 61.8 17.2 39.3 38.7 4.6 0.2 — 2,233 15.2 4,628 7.3 48.2 

Tyler ISD.................................... TX 16,182 16,626 18,203 3,129 63.3 28.1 31.8 38.4 1.4 0.3 — 1,299 14.0 2,502 7.3 51.9 United ISD................................. TX 12,553 27,556 40,080 18,191 72.8 1.4 0.2 98.0 0.5 # — 2,501 16.0 5,981 6.7 41.8 Waco ISD.................................. TX 14,304 15,433 15,417 2,242 82.6 12.9 34.3 52.3 0.4 0.1 — 1,049 14.7 2,101 7.3 49.9 1Weslaco ISD............................. TX 11,903 13,407 16,611 3,828 23.1 1.7 0.2 97.8 0.3 # — 1,078 15.4 2,395 6.9 45.0 Ysleta ISD................................. TX 49,974 46,394 44,592 10,275 63.1 5.4 2.2 91.7 0.3 0.5 — 3,044 14.7 6,240 7.1 48.8 

Alpine......................................... UT 38,854 47,117 62,281 2,747 21.3 87.6 0.8 8.8 2.4 0.5 — 2,523 24.7 4,738 13.1 53.2 

Davis.......................................... UT 54,558 59,578 66,614 2,764 29.1 87.2 1.6 7.9 2.8 0.6 — 2,781 24.0 6,043 11.0 46.0 Granite....................................... UT 78,554 71,328 70,166 13,314 22.6 59.6 2.5 29.2 7.4 1.3 — 2,854 24.6 5,789 12.1 49.3 Jordan ....................................... UT 64,991 73,158 81,485 3,907 21.4 85.2 1.2 9.9 3.3 0.5 — 3,221 25.3 6,552 12.4 49.2 Nebo.......................................... UT 16,393 21,094 28,251 1,138 31.6 87.7 0.7 9.6 1.3 0.7 — 1,113 25.4 2,422 11.7 46.0 Salt Lake ................................... UT 24,766 25,367 24,237 6,466 65.9 43.9 4.7 40.6 8.9 1.9 — 1,098 22.1 2,485 9.8 44.2 

Washington............................... UT 13,264 18,374 26,021 2,103 36.7 83.4 0.8 11.6 2.4 1.8 — 1,133 23.0 2,177 12.0 52.0 Weber........................................ UT 25,661 27,783 30,090 823 30.8 86.3 1.3 9.7 2.0 0.7 — 1,269 23.7 2,479 12.1 51.2 Arlington County....................... VA 14,825 18,870 19,599 5,275 32.4 48.0 13.2 27.8 10.9 0.1 — 1,271 15.4 3,443 5.7 36.9 Chesapeake City...................... VA 29,533 37,645 39,901 488 25.6 56.6 36.4 3.3 3.3 0.4 — 2,156 18.5 6,296 6.3 34.2 Chesterfield County.................. VA 44,480 51,212 59,080 2,382 25.0 60.1 28.0 8.0 3.5 0.4 — 3,195 18.5 7,876 7.5 40.6 Fairfax County........................... VA 128,840 156,412 169,030 34,118 22.1 49.6 11.3 19.0 19.9 0.2 — 9,274 18.2 32,373 5.2 28.6 Hampton City............................ VA 21,383 23,290 21,806 374 45.1 30.5 63.8 3.3 2.1 0.3 — 1,285 17.0 3,891 5.6 33.0 Hanover County........................ VA 11,328 16,611 18,970 129 13.8 86.0 10.0 1.8 1.9 0.4 — 1,064 17.8 3,163 6.0 33.6 Henrico County ........................ VA 32,638 41,655 48,991 2,684 29.1 49.5 38.8 4.8 6.5 0.4 — 2,654 18.5 6,461 7.6 41.1 Loudoun County....................... VA 14,485 31,804 56,894 4,416 13.2 64.4 8.2 13.4 13.7 0.3 — 3,222 17.7 9,999 5.7 32.2 Newport News City................... VA 28,925 33,008 31,298 639 50.4 31.0 58.7 6.9 2.8 0.5 — 1,682 18.6 4,695 6.7 35.8 Norfolk City................................ VA 36,541 37,349 34,431 525 58.3 25.0 67.8 4.3 2.7 0.2 — 2,148 16.0 5,553 6.2 38.7 

See notes at end of table.

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable. #Rounds to zero.1The averaged freshman graduation rate provides an estimate of the percentage of students who receive a regular diploma within4 years of entering ninth grade. The rate uses aggregate student enrollment data to estimate the size of an incoming freshmanclass and aggregate counts of the number of diplomas awarded 4 years later.2Includes regular diplomas only. 3Total for districts reporting data. 

4Reported data indicated an averaged freshman graduation rate of greater than 1NOTE: Total enrollment, staff, and teacher data in this table reflect totals repoderived from summing school-level data to school district aggregates. ISD = indeppendent school district. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. DSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistictary/Secondary School Universe Survey,” 2008–09; “Local Education Agency Unand “Local Education Agency-Level Public-Use Data File on Public School Droppared October 2010.)

Portsmouth City........................ VA 18,405 16,473 15,323 49 54.4 23.3 73.6 2.0 0.9 0.2 — 794 19.3 2,298 6.7 34.5 Prince William County.............. VA 41,888 54,646 73,917 13,157 31.1 42.5 24.0 25.2 8.0 0.3 — 3,845 19.2 10,419 7.1 36.9 Richmond City.......................... VA 27,021 27,237 23,177 750 67.3 7.8 86.7 4.7 0.7 0.1 — 1,268 18.3 4,068 5.7 31.2 Spotsylvania County ............... VA 12,227 18,876 24,116 771 23.3 68.1 20.5 8.3 2.8 0.3 — 1,395 17.3 2,781 8.7 50.2 Stafford County......................... VA 12,555 21,124 26,850 1,036 17.5 65.7 21.4 9.3 3.3 0.4 — 1,442 18.6 3,520 7.6 41.0 Virginia Beach City................... VA 70,266 76,586 71,554 1,095 28.3 57.8 28.7 6.3 6.7 0.4 — 3,984 18.0 10,923 6.6 36.5 Bellevue..................................... WA 14,971 15,431 17,249 1,608 18.1 58.4 2.9 8.7 29.6 0.3 — 944 18.3 1,755 9.8 53.8 Bethel........................................ WA 11,319 16,029 18,032 237 37.6 64.3 11.9 11.8 8.8 3.2 — 887 20.3 1,719 10.5 51.6 Edmonds................................... WA 18,452 22,067 20,743 1,834 31.0 65.6 6.3 10.8 15.8 1.5 — 1,016 20.4 2,001 10.4 50.8 Everett....................................... WA 14,846 18,683 19,084 1,715 33.6 68.7 4.8 11.4 13.6 1.4 — 942 20.3 1,773 10.8 53.2 Evergreen (Clark)..................... WA 14,242 21,650 26,100 2,062 35.8 76.5 3.9 9.2 9.3 1.2 — 1,344 19.4 2,496 10.5 53.9 Federal Way.............................. WA 17,263 22,623 22,440 2,629 45.2 45.6 13.8 20.2 19.1 1.3 — 1,190 18.9 2,219 10.1 53.6 Highline ..................................... WA 15,900 18,024 17,549 3,379 59.6 33.4 14.8 28.3 21.6 1.9 — 990 17.7 1,941 9.0 51.0 

Issaquah.................................... WA 8,533 14,259 16,696 603 6.7 70.1 2.4 5.2 21.6 0.7 — 808 20.7 1,501 11.1 53.8 Kennewick................................. WA 11,147 13,629 15,413 1,579 49.0 65.1 2.4 29.1 2.5 0.9 — 761 20.3 1,480 10.4 51.4 Kent ........................................... WA 20,212 26,535 27,444 3,896 39.6 53.4 11.7 13.7 19.9 1.3 — 1,430 19.2 2,668 10.3 53.6 1

Lake Washington...................... WA 22,431 23,662 23,937 1,354 13.4 73.1 2.5 7.3 16.5 0.6 — 1,244 19.2 2,178 11.0 57.1 Northshore................................ WA 17,213 20,255 19,818 908 13.1 76.4 2.1 8.0 12.5 1.0 — 991 20.0 1,834 10.8 54.0 Puyallup..................................... WA 14,325 19,757 20,911 591 24.0 78.7 4.6 7.5 7.7 1.6 — 1,035 20.2 2,024 10.3 51.2 Seattle ....................................... WA 40,917 47,575 45,968 5,368 40.4 43.4 21.1 11.7 22.0 1.9 — 2,540 18.1 4,918 9.3 51.6 Spokane.................................... WA 27,965 31,725 29,701 1,037 50.5 82.9 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 — 1,707 17.4 3,133 9.5 54.5 1

Tacoma...................................... WA 29,465 34,093 29,500 1,930 56.7 47.8 23.3 13.6 13.3 2.0 — 1,649 17.9 3,167 9.3 52.1 

Vancouver................................. WA 15,943 21,892 22,622 1,876 47.2 73.8 5.4 13.2 6.0 1.5 — 1,163 19.4 2,329 9.7 49.9 Berkeley County Schools......... WV 10,415 13,076 17,214 346 42.2 81.4 12.1 5.2 1.1 0.2 — 1,217 14.1 2,368 7.3 51.4 Kanawha County Schools....... WV 34,284 29,250 28,465 239 51.5 84.9 13.1 0.6 1.4 0.1 — 1,889 15.1 3,741 7.6 50.5 Appleton Area........................... WI 12,876 14,793 15,235 1,638 34.8 77.5 3.9 6.4 11.2 0.8 — 927 16.4 1,536 9.9 60.4 Green Bay Area........................ WI 18,048 20,104 20,573 4,172 52.2 61.1 7.2 18.6 8.0 5.1 — 1,423 14.5 2,438 8.4 58.4 Kenosha.................................... WI 16,219 20,099 22,772 2,023 40.5 61.4 16.6 19.8 1.8 0.5 — 1,457 15.6 2,588 8.8 56.3 Madison Metropolitan............... WI 23,214 25,087 24,496 4,209 44.1 50.5 23.6 14.5 10.7 0.8 — 1,752 14.0 3,497 7.0 50.1 Milwaukee................................. WI 92,789 97,985 85,381 7,301 76.7 15.1 56.9 22.6 4.6 0.8 — 5,158 16.6 10,861 7.9 47.5 1

Racine....................................... WI 22,159 21,102 21,172 2,653 47.7 49.4 27.0 21.7 1.5 0.3 — 1,364 15.5 2,523 8.4 54.1 

Table 94. Selected statistics on enrollment, teachers, dropouts, and graduates in public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 1990, 2000, 2006–0Name of district State

Enrollment,

fall 1990

Enrollment,

fall 2000

Enrollment,

fall 2008

Number of

English

language

learners,

2008

Percent

eligible for

free or

reducedprice lunch,

2008

Percentage distribution of enrollment, 

by race, fall 2008 Teachers and staff, fall 2008 

White Black Hispanic 

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Two or

more

races

Number of

classroom

teachers

Pupil/

teacher

ratio

Total

number

of staff

Student/

staff ratio

Teachers

as a

percentage

of total staff

Perc

dropp

ou

gra

9–

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 

Districts with more than 

15,000 students3 ......... † $251,335,580 $21,581,930 $123,185,610 $106,568,040 100.0 8.6 49.0 42.4 $261,268,596 $213,504,116 $132,055,335 $34,495,527 $7,608,389 

Baldwin County......................... AL 287,620 17,547 136,611 133,462 100.0 6.1 47.5 46.4 370,288 266,775 156,879 87,497 11,539 Birmingham City....................... AL 350,091 50,160 167,180 132,751 100.0 14.3 47.8 37.9 305,954 274,146 136,652 20,892 3,561 Huntsville City........................... AL 247,091 19,754 124,995 102,342 100.0 8.0 50.6 41.4 255,627 231,420 138,742 20,562 1,367 

Jefferson County ...................... AL 361,624 24,751 212,768 124,105 100.0 6.8 58.8 34.3 411,361 311,827 184,629 86,914 6,312 

Madison County ....................... AL 196,435 10,908 130,728 54,799 100.0 5.6 66.6 27.9 174,594 161,064 95,008 5,753 4,259 

Mobile County........................... AL 618,181 75,127 376,648 166,406 100.0 12.2 60.9 26.9 631,547 583,190 323,351 29,342 14,303 Montgomery County................ AL 310,018 38,109 190,891 81,018 100.0 12.3 61.6 26.1 311,381 278,471 156,280 25,825 2,721 Shelby County .......................... AL 285,107 13,463 150,019 121,625 100.0 4.7 52.6 42.7 286,993 239,192 140,259 33,019 8,515 Tuscaloosa County................... AL 173,362 11,611 101,939 59,812 100.0 6.7 58.8 34.5 181,732 144,231 83,190 31,630 2,380 Anchorage................................. AK 650,738 61,866 394,410 194,462 100.0 9.5 60.6 29.9 693,415 611,450 363,382 61,860 19,695 Matanuska-Susitna Borough... AK 212,855 14,415 150,480 47,960 100.0 6.8 70.7 22.5 229,569 201,739 118,952 21,738 6,080 

Amphitheater Unified................ AZ 159,472 17,309 61,021 81,142 100.0 10.9 38.3 50.9 152,382 129,059 73,228 8,001 14,750 

Cartwright Elementary............. AZ 150,023 23,075 104,126 22,822 100.0 15.4 69.4 15.2 154,616 140,436 86,686 14,144 0 Chandler Unified....................... AZ 305,669 13,478 164,774 127,417 100.0 4.4 53.9 41.7 332,045 251,674 146,289 60,298 15,362 Deer Valley Unified................... AZ 290,656 15,036 128,851 146,769 100.0 5.2 44.3 50.5 302,860 242,222 147,950 37,766 22,871 

Dysart Unified........................... AZ 242,235 12,138 150,809 79,288 100.0 5.0 62.3 32.7 281,817 163,135 88,092 113,554 2,336 Gilbert Unified........................... AZ 299,935 12,119 164,207 123,609 100.0 4.0 54.7 41.2 323,617 253,051 154,803 58,068 7,953 

Kyrene Elementary................... AZ 180,473 6,854 68,825 104,794 100.0 3.8 38.1 58.1 157,205 127,146 78,701 21,467 3,675 Mesa Unified............................. AZ 635,243 55,855 330,173 249,215 100.0 8.8 52.0 39.2 603,146 542,481 324,979 51,696 5,440 

Paradise Valley Unified............. AZ 315,477 17,639 106,293 191,545 100.0 5.6 33.7 60.7 326,227 248,575 145,512 46,700 21,995 Peoria Unified ........................... AZ 316,517 16,604 168,454 131,459 100.0 5.2 53.2 41.5 335,308 261,788 154,928 35,607 37,857 Phoenix Union High................. AZ 299,440 27,846 72,053 199,541 100.0 9.3 24.1 66.6 352,856 255,986 139,767 80,412 15,200 Scottsdale Unified..................... AZ 297,821 12,472 45,455 239,894 100.0 4.2 15.3 80.5 322,858 211,902 123,229 82,935 27,784 

Sunnyside Unified .................... AZ 151,740 25,087 89,233 37,420 100.0 16.5 58.8 24.7 147,798 135,261 73,742 4,688 7,777 

Tucson Unified.......................... AZ 545,561 63,503 271,967 210,091 100.0 11.6 49.9 38.5 572,557 471,360 247,262 65,880 35,200 Washington Elementary .......... AZ 230,241 25,871 113,949 90,421 100.0 11.2 49.5 39.3 209,056 185,530 106,477 9,375 10,842 Little Rock.................................. AR 320,306 28,630 241,688 49,988 100.0 8.9 75.5 15.6 347,734 288,259 161,285 23,374 8,903 Pulaski Co. Spec. School Dist. AR 191,418 15,807 144,282 31,329 100.0 8.3 75.4 16.4 201,791 170,149 96,481 20,843 3,493 Springdale................................. AR 150,691 12,485 117,046 21,160 100.0 8.3 77.7 14.0 149,120 135,742 84,161 7,938 5,427 ABC Unified.............................. CA 209,009 15,015 165,761 28,233 100.0 7.2 79.3 13.5 208,234 182,498 113,068 7,144 1,591 

Alhambra Unified...................... CA 206,706 19,581 143,127 43,998 100.0 9.5 69.2 21.3 209,552 178,833 104,017 16,466 3,046 Alvord Unified............................ CA 204,522 13,667 148,471 42,384 100.0 6.7 72.6 20.7 237,184 169,593 108,413 64,784 2,611 

Anaheim City ............................ CA 200,031 20,766 109,973 69,292 100.0 10.4 55.0 34.6 211,650 173,371 103,717 24,739 3,164 Anaheim Union High................ CA 377,610 39,278 258,827 79,505 100.0 10.4 68.5 21.1 390,525 311,660 195,373 41,087 6,921 

Antelope Valley Union High..... CA 240,054 15,773 176,989 47,292 100.0 6.6 73.7 19.7 282,331 212,068 129,989 62,333 4,250 

Antioch Unified.......................... CA 184,668 11,005 122,527 51,136 100.0 6.0 66.3 27.7 185,758 158,618 101,913 22,023 4,379 Apple Valley Unified.................. CA 139,350 12,343 98,549 28,458 100.0 8.9 70.7 20.4 128,342 114,951 73,936 10,229 1,677 Bakersfield City......................... CA 297,018 44,397 215,377 37,244 100.0 14.9 72.5 12.5 276,659 262,801 162,025 9,523 2,803 

Baldwin Park Unified................ CA 202,799 17,656 157,575 27,568 100.0 8.7 77.7 13.6 225,549 174,923 111,180 30,791 2,331 Burbank Unified........................ CA 168,535 8,516 107,233 52,786 100.0 5.1 63.6 31.3 162,629 143,489 96,485 14,131 1,696 

Cajon Valley Union Elementary CA 163,476 12,842 93,063 57,571 100.0 7.9 56.9 35.2 169,912 147,947 96,015 17,868 3,966 

Capistrano Unified.................... CA 453,589 23,800 146,857 282,932 100.0 5.2 32.4 62.4 449,234 417,759 273,955 15,224 2,441 Chaffey Joint Union High......... CA 262,608 12,118 171,856 78,634 100.0 4.6 65.4 29.9 228,849 204,385 129,065 7,710 5,285 Chino Valley Unified ................. CA 326,640 17,835 214,473 94,332 100.0 5.5 65.7 28.9 298,800 254,523 163,216 28,713 8,056 

Chula Vista Elementary........... CA 278,065 18,619 123,680 135,766 100.0 6.7 44.5 48.8 268,525 239,478 153,411 12,474 10,732 

Clovis Unified............................ CA 424,731 19,446 255,209 150,076 100.0 4.6 60.1 35.3 428,616 325,396 193,524 77,971 10,981 Coachella Valley Unified .......... CA 243,396 26,333 163,801 53,262 100.0 10.8 67.3 21.9 254,151 181,154 102,777 64,944 6,199 

Colton Joint Unified.................. CA 241,979 21,272 178,681 42,026 100.0 8.8 73.8 17.4 234,190 210,954 123,000 14,782 4,795 Compton Unified....................... CA 315,528 40,894 223,047 51,587 100.0 13.0 70.7 16.3 303,547 261,032 154,624 23,365 3,430 Conejo Valley Unified............... CA 215,973 7,519 95,442 113,012 100.0 3.5 44.2 52.3 212,754 179,670 118,449 22,096 1,597 

Corona-Norco Unified.............. CA 476,836 26,997 306,419 143,420 100.0 5.7 64.3 30.1 481,676 414,555 265,260 49,879 7,959 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Cupertino Union....................... CA 149,452 4,381 49,773 95,298 100.0 2.9 33.3 63.8 154,860 140,354 95,185 10,777 3,379 Desert Sands Unified............... CA 335,185 19,442 173,081 142,662 100.0 5.8 51.6 42.6 367,394 249,888 154,971 99,353 8,275 Downey Unified......................... CA 220,815 16,737 152,916 51,162 100.0 7.6 69.3 23.2 224,153 191,425 128,053 22,950 3,787 

East Side Union High............... CA 298,233 15,160 141,428 141,645 100.0 5.1 47.4 47.5 333,433 240,683 138,967 58,108 18,674 

Elk Grove Unified...................... CA 596,705 39,960 396,509 160,236 100.0 6.7 66.4 26.9 593,789 532,880 341,901 20,676 5,781 Escondido Union...................... CA 177,114 16,214 99,065 61,835 100.0 9.2 55.9 34.9 168,245 156,661 100,047 7,757 3,073 

Fairfield-Suisun Unified............ CA 216,350 13,250 148,912 54,188 100.0 6.1 68.8 25.0 219,768 185,051 112,120 22,935 6,901 Folsom-Cordova Unified.......... CA 192,811 11,794 105,610 75,407 100.0 6.1 54.8 39.1 218,897 159,559 99,514 51,131 5,387 Fontana Unified ........................ CA 414,953 39,080 319,291 56,582 100.0 9.4 76.9 13.6 485,417 409,452 230,687 63,784 9,134 

Fremont Unified........................ CA 339,146 16,054 194,207 128,885 100.0 4.7 57.3 38.0 341,826 269,584 182,266 35,700 11,247 

Fresno Unified........................... CA 838,633 123,361 590,206 125,066 100.0 14.7 70.4 14.9 866,597 768,663 458,025 52,316 22,956 Fullerton Joint Union High....... CA 178,167 5,744 105,760 66,663 100.0 3.2 59.4 37.4 183,972 133,304 80,763 35,452 3,408 Garden Grove Unified.............. CA 468,369 41,967 321,929 104,473 100.0 9.0 68.7 22.3 470,004 456,637 293,891 4,433 29 Glendale Unified....................... CA 288,006 30,989 182,014 75,003 100.0 10.8 63.2 26.0 289,884 245,562 166,099 26,044 7,739 

Grossmont Union High............ CA 274,754 13,879 126,804 134,071 100.0 5.1 46.2 48.8 316,659 229,046 134,250 67,454 5,459 

Hacienda La Puente Unified.... CA 265,716 25,877 197,162 42,677 100.0 9.7 74.2 16.1 257,644 210,454 121,249 11,677 3,813 Hayward Unified....................... CA 226,664 19,622 146,446 60,596 100.0 8.7 64.6 26.7 226,253 207,231 133,638 4,313 1,245 

Hemet Unified........................... CA 244,549 21,660 151,523 71,366 100.0 8.9 62.0 29.2 282,833 208,449 124,944 66,444 6,983 

Hesperia Unified....................... CA 261,363 14,203 214,200 32,960 100.0 5.4 82.0 12.6 206,689 175,240 104,757 28,689 1,787 

Huntington Beach Union High. CA 203,591 12,805 88,721 102,065 100.0 6.3 43.6 50.1 292,651 145,153 83,687 103,455 10,515 

Irvine Unified............................. CA 265,618 10,498 76,566 178,554 100.0 4.0 28.8 67.2 305,587 222,398 143,501 69,788 6,266 

Jurupa Unified........................... CA 186,948 14,648 132,469 39,831 100.0 7.8 70.9 21.3 197,898 177,277 111,024 16,716 3,055 Kern Union High....................... CA 505,486 31,330 321,216 152,940 100.0 6.2 63.5 30.3 508,867 352,023 191,692 127,411 16,665 Lake Elsinore Unified............... CA 207,722 14,702 125,818 67,202 100.0 7.1 60.6 32.4 198,167 187,737 116,091 7,832 682 

Lancaster Elementary.............. CA 158,832 14,799 119,162 24,871 100.0 9.3 75.0 15.7 151,371 134,103 85,240 14,433 1,375 Lodi Unified............................... CA 313,030 26,594 212,429 74,007 100.0 8.5 67.9 23.6 378,796 273,791 168,522 95,340 7,705 Long Beach Unified.................. CA 914,366 130,977 660,542 122,847 100.0 14.3 72.2 13.4 921,942 850,615 529,331 12,041 14,217 Los Angeles Unified................. CA 9,551,053 1,053,853 6,660,389 1,836,811 100.0 11.0 69.7 19.2 10,244,106 7,878,168 4,623,969 1,808,690 336,250 

Lynwood Unified....................... CA 168,822 17,263 130,587 20,972 100.0 10.2 77.4 12.4 179,010 161,378 94,197 7,446 811 

Madera Unified......................... CA 186,142 18,613 131,056 36,473 100.0 10.0 70.4 19.6 187,506 160,801 95,285 20,158 2,332 

Manteca Unified........................ CA 216,524 11,521 139,545 65,458 100.0 5.3 64.4 30.2 239,946 190,688 116,189 41,052 5,395 

Modesto City Elementary........ CA 362,285 28,541 245,267 88,477 100.0 7.9 67.7 24.4 340,909 288,987 175,611 38,089 1,231 Modesto City High.................... CA (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 

Montebello Unified.................... CA 346,766 42,438 246,770 57,558 100.0 12.2 71.2 16.6 359,541 306,261 180,543 33,066 3,774 Moreno Valley Unified.............. CA 351,997 30,569 264,351 57,077 100.0 8.7 75.1 16.2 347,701 311,650 194,473 26,302 8,035 

Mount Diablo Unified................ CA 352,241 21,824 183,999 146,418 100.0 6.2 52.2 41.6 395,232 313,293 197,779 59,242 16,562 Murrieta Valley Unified ............. CA 221,714 6,020 115,549 100,145 100.0 2.7 52.1 45.2 275,323 163,974 105,030 99,472 7,972 

Napa Valley Unified.................. CA 173,069 10,558 46,077 116,434 100.0 6.1 26.6 67.3 189,181 148,739 94,524 28,335 7,588 Newport-Mesa Unified............. CA 273,372 20,435 59,670 193,267 100.0 7.5 21.8 70.7 283,532 237,304 134,836 33,299 5,869 Norwalk-La Mirada Unified...... CA 248,851 18,208 192,527 38,116 100.0 7.3 77.4 15.3 258,063 196,443 117,515 35,603 4,432 Oakland Unified........................ CA 572,024 77,187 324,775 170,062 100.0 13.5 56.8 29.7 609,261 465,980 250,690 61,638 43,505 

Oceanside Unified.................... CA 219,824 20,435 122,899 76,490 100.0 9.3 55.9 34.8 213,576 190,216 118,624 16,791 5,901 

Ontario-Montclair Elementary . CA 244,308 31,261 169,143 43,904 100.0 12.8 69.2 18.0 252,295 209,886 132,453 40,771 1,081 Orange Unified.......................... CA 285,294 17,521 128,380 139,393 100.0 6.1 45.0 48.9 277,338 254,610 157,719 17,513 3,334 Oxnard Elementary.................. CA 173,032 15,343 111,240 46,449 100.0 8.9 64.3 26.8 178,132 139,045 90,092 31,413 5,267 Oxnard Union High................... CA 162,721 9,689 89,389 63,643 100.0 6.0 54.9 39.1 155,387 145,304 88,385 3,086 3,003 Pajaro Valley Unified................. CA 222,258 37,148 121,890 63,220 100.0 16.7 54.8 28.4 232,017 208,015 118,993 18,585 2,292 

Palm Springs Unified................ CA 255,347 20,618 139,093 95,636 100.0 8.1 54.5 37.5 242,178 213,912 132,730 18,560 8,985 Palmdale Elementary............... CA 249,256 41,614 187,584 20,058 100.0 16.7 75.3 8.0 236,714 183,676 108,314 6,437 3,149 Panama-Buena Vista Union.... CA 163,281 9,287 126,067 27,927 100.0 5.7 77.2 17.1 156,620 134,139 84,805 12,729 253 Paramount Unified.................... CA 166,740 18,367 121,427 26,946 100.0 11.0 72.8 16.2 163,617 147,531 87,777 6,830 2,578 Pasadena Unified..................... CA 245,920 29,370 141,973 74,577 100.0 11.9 57.7 30.3 240,297 214,090 125,300 12,322 9,507 

Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified.. CA 337,657 13,020 204,165 120,472 100.0 3.9 60.5 35.7 283,007 224,226 141,162 47,833 6,955 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Pomona Unified........................ CA 405,437 61,998 280,094 63,345 100.0 15.3 69.1 15.6 392,503 320,013 181,381 18,550 8,043 Poway Unified........................... CA 377,656 10,256 165,134 202,266 100.0 2.7 43.7 53.6 563,280 316,581 180,752 211,919 32,734 Redlands Unified...................... CA 243,706 12,554 169,714 61,438 100.0 5.2 69.6 25.2 223,551 170,914 108,412 42,431 3,031 Rialto Unified............................. CA 312,860 29,158 239,582 44,120 100.0 9.3 76.6 14.1 302,791 249,817 141,475 49,005 2,823 Riverside Unified....................... CA 434,605 28,981 293,080 112,544 100.0 6.7 67.4 25.9 407,742 360,137 219,257 31,331 6,268 Rowland Unified ....................... CA 202,561 23,231 148,063 31,267 100.0 11.5 73.1 15.4 198,635 150,818 90,534 9,916 4,625 

Sacramento City Unified.......... CA 545,693 78,196 345,913 121,584 100.0 14.3 63.4 22.3 559,994 486,908 290,622 42,850 19,782 Saddleback Valley Unified ....... CA 309,962 11,576 137,772 160,614 100.0 3.7 44.4 51.8 352,215 269,244 186,999 64,652 6,863 

San Bernardino City Unified.... CA 797,791 73,382 657,628 66,781 100.0 9.2 82.4 8.4 685,268 553,930 325,229 107,044 6,778 San Diego Unified .................... CA 1,560,549 144,969 623,080 792,500 100.0 9.3 39.9 50.8 1,518,381 1,355,940 758,822 87,015 72,593 San Francisco Unified.............. CA 668,282 69,870 258,139 340,273 100.0 10.5 38.6 50.9 743,842 534,762 272,940 149,994 17,467 San Jose Unified...................... CA 371,634 25,018 118,058 228,558 100.0 6.7 31.8 61.5 443,147 312,469 181,074 102,958 23,722 San Juan Unified...................... CA 480,125 40,410 303,399 136,316 100.0 8.4 63.2 28.4 477,164 433,280 264,352 24,445 10,337 San Marcos Unified.................. CA 177,681 8,861 97,613 71,207 100.0 5.0 54.9 40.1 167,806 141,037 90,037 20,674 3,559 

San Ramon Valley Unified....... CA 266,356 4,682 84,757 176,917 100.0 1.8 31.8 66.4 306,918 218,936 140,627 71,352 14,681 Santa Ana Unified .................... CA 564,867 69,466 366,775 128,626 100.0 12.3 64.9 22.8 594,552 544,084 331,066 35,529 7,850 

Simi Valley Unified.................... CA 205,157 8,296 117,864 78,997 100.0 4.0 57.5 38.5 198,966 169,378 110,832 18,794 3,936 Stockton Unified........................ CA 403,314 49,361 280,357 73,596 100.0 12.2 69.5 18.2 433,171 368,782 226,995 51,191 9,421 Sweetwater Union High........... CA 478,500 29,990 291,222 157,288 100.0 6.3 60.9 32.9 490,538 392,655 235,669 63,490 16,631 Temecula Valley Unified........... CA 255,866 8,971 138,720 108,175 100.0 3.5 54.2 42.3 245,968 227,162 154,589 13,847 2,216 

Torrance Unified........................ CA 234,236 10,541 163,676 60,019 100.0 4.5 69.9 25.6 229,096 200,779 136,083 8,265 859 Tracy Joint Unified .................... CA 202,339 5,880 141,170 55,289 100.0 2.9 69.8 27.3 177,593 135,153 87,962 38,911 731 

Tustin Unified............................. CA 203,021 9,019 84,921 109,081 100.0 4.4 41.8 53.7 195,908 166,711 106,147 14,177 8,806 

Twin Rivers Unified................... CA — — — — — — — — — — — — — Val Verde Unified...................... CA 346,751 56,664 121,093 168,994 100.0 16.3 34.9 48.7 366,370 171,888 108,041 6,705 4,084 Vallejo City Unified.................... CA 179,712 14,423 116,340 48,949 100.0 8.0 64.7 27.2 170,917 152,666 89,024 6,148 8,804 Ventura Unified ......................... CA 171,516 13,844 84,139 73,533 100.0 8.1 49.1 42.9 172,048 151,644 87,650 10,360 3,635 

Visalia Unified........................... CA 277,746 22,040 190,437 65,269 100.0 7.9 68.6 23.5 263,938 217,177 135,267 38,810 1,773 

Vista Unified.............................. CA 287,521 20,430 167,307 99,784 100.0 7.1 58.2 34.7 248,201 209,437 137,709 28,877 5,665 West Contra Costa Unified...... CA 354,918 34,921 187,128 132,869 100.0 9.8 52.7 37.4 470,846 306,553 183,227 139,386 20,671 

William S. Hart Union High...... CA 240,768 6,567 177,825 56,376 100.0 2.7 73.9 23.4 250,282 202,024 117,620 36,935 9,649 Academy School District No. 20 CO 208,641 9,540 94,992 104,109 100.0 4.6 45.5 49.9 207,121 175,654 112,992 13,176 17,462 Adams 12 Five Star Schools... CO 368,618 16,013 195,570 157,035 100.0 4.3 53.1 42.6 376,199 315,517 191,742 40,416 19,135 Aurora Joint District No. 28...... CO 314,711 30,152 176,627 107,932 100.0 9.6 56.1 34.3 346,713 285,742 171,559 46,769 11,204 

Boulder Valley No. RE 2........... CO 304,274 13,461 64,066 226,747 100.0 4.4 21.1 74.5 327,104 261,473 159,502 48,282 12,336 

Cherry Creek............................ CO 493,657 19,321 203,803 270,533 100.0 3.9 41.3 54.8 475,950 432,943 268,111 23,207 18,601 

Colorado Springs...................... CO 300,831 26,245 128,084 146,502 100.0 8.7 42.6 48.7 348,089 273,031 153,848 61,419 12,211 Denver....................................... CO 861,239 93,657 239,598 527,984 100.0 10.9 27.8 61.3 1,236,973 1,151,943 648,191 23,880 33,425 

Douglas County........................ CO 515,086 11,217 203,468 300,401 100.0 2.2 39.5 58.3 601,870 446,001 268,956 122,243 33,516 Greeley...................................... CO 158,424 15,755 89,434 53,235 100.0 9.9 56.5 33.6 152,084 141,524 82,929 4,007 6,455 Jefferson County ...................... CO 858,375 40,484 346,754 471,137 100.0 4.7 40.4 54.9 881,642 714,118 421,576 127,281 39,850 Littleton...................................... CO 153,321 6,590 67,263 79,468 100.0 4.3 43.9 51.8 151,477 139,274 84,015 6,020 5,446 Mesa County Valley.................. CO 186,168 13,330 89,224 83,614 100.0 7.2 47.9 44.9 187,519 161,497 100,895 17,580 6,291 

Poudre R-1................................ CO 246,690 14,745 92,128 139,817 100.0 6.0 37.3 56.7 240,425 211,758 121,003 13,898 13,022 

Pueblo....................................... CO 157,551 19,166 96,156 42,229 100.0 12.2 61.0 26.8 151,542 141,571 80,784 3,957 5,329 Saint Vrain Valley...................... CO 215,660 10,427 95,955 109,278 100.0 4.8 44.5 50.7 250,059 174,751 107,325 57,261 15,589 

Thompson................................. CO 141,716 8,055 64,195 69,466 100.0 5.7 45.3 49.0 160,684 128,116 67,986 24,210 6,065 Bridgeport................................. CT 391,474 37,880 301,649 51,945 100.0 9.7 77.1 13.3 376,532 291,735 188,762 69,418 5,758 

Hartford ..................................... CT 467,353 46,203 321,380 99,770 100.0 9.9 68.8 21.3 464,988 393,262 229,694 50,992 6,391 New Haven ............................... CT 485,564 43,593 318,682 123,289 100.0 9.0 65.6 25.4 454,978 337,475 209,194 92,310 13,391 Waterbury.................................. CT 273,188 20,458 166,056 86,674 100.0 7.5 60.8 31.7 278,404 255,762 149,549 18,524 288 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Christina.................................... DE 257,222 17,301 131,484 108,437 100.0 6.7 51.1 42.2 280,884 235,726 143,041 24,852 3,437 Red Clay Consolidated............ DE 211,300 12,296 102,319 96,685 100.0 5.8 48.4 45.8 244,675 182,042 109,864 38,446 3,406 District of Columbia.................. DC 1,224,312 85,568 † 1,138,744 100.0 7.0 0.0 93.0 1,224,785 988,672 520,090 202,768 0 Alachua..................................... FL 298,689 30,575 144,649 123,465 100.0 10.2 48.4 41.3 289,287 254,424 140,380 25,607 5,115 Bay............................................. FL 267,771 22,118 98,964 146,689 100.0 8.3 37.0 54.8 290,862 222,563 133,823 57,504 5,883 Brevard...................................... FL 747,371 51,979 330,491 364,901 100.0 7.0 44.2 48.8 885,106 627,018 392,696 227,779 28,569 Broward..................................... FL 2,874,695 233,523 1,132,545 1,508,627 100.0 8.1 39.4 52.5 2,995,075 2,339,595 1,415,286 469,517 107,318 

Charlotte.................................... FL 217,239 16,168 45,665 155,406 100.0 7.4 21.0 71.5 187,469 163,149 92,298 21,002 347 

Citrus......................................... FL 178,729 13,174 63,657 101,898 100.0 7.4 35.6 57.0 168,564 139,622 79,079 25,076 222 Clay............................................ FL 368,132 17,145 247,068 103,919 100.0 4.7 67.1 28.2 370,701 291,313 187,547 75,199 3,069 Collier......................................... FL 621,216 41,903 103,647 475,666 100.0 6.7 16.7 76.6 710,075 440,921 258,863 237,747 25,858 Dade.......................................... FL 3,959,408 427,479 1,431,109 2,100,820 100.0 10.8 36.1 53.1 4,624,086 3,457,902 2,108,499 944,763 137,025 

Duval.......................................... FL 1,238,175 106,117 577,864 554,194 100.0 8.6 46.7 44.8 1,251,694 1,079,389 653,501 158,236 13,586 Escambia.................................. FL 417,944 44,055 215,051 158,838 100.0 10.5 51.5 38.0 411,517 358,866 207,621 44,944 3,209 

Hernando.................................. FL 253,140 16,690 121,748 114,702 100.0 6.6 48.1 45.3 234,963 177,713 106,095 46,435 9,782 

Hillsborough.............................. FL 2,068,665 247,129 1,034,236 787,300 100.0 11.9 50.0 38.1 2,112,627 1,613,384 986,010 336,471 57,856 Indian River............................... FL 198,399 12,386 37,210 148,803 100.0 6.2 18.8 75.0 222,110 153,977 88,448 59,062 7,273 Lake........................................... FL 473,899 31,666 233,241 208,992 100.0 6.7 49.2 44.1 426,034 332,093 204,685 75,673 17,673 Lee............................................. FL 980,391 67,054 220,143 693,194 100.0 6.8 22.5 70.7 945,972 701,153 400,007 201,699 26,315 Leon........................................... FL 367,517 28,934 175,703 162,880 100.0 7.9 47.8 44.3 402,624 281,883 156,509 104,789 6,767 Manatee.................................... FL 517,955 38,737 164,347 314,871 100.0 7.5 31.7 60.8 501,464 392,530 233,932 85,755 13,850 Marion ....................................... FL 463,326 41,987 196,816 224,523 100.0 9.1 42.5 48.5 461,409 365,998 207,404 76,030 8,492 Martin ........................................ FL 225,340 12,924 50,149 162,267 100.0 5.7 22.3 72.0 241,830 164,794 97,652 70,144 2,414 Okaloosa................................... FL 296,801 24,417 115,498 156,886 100.0 8.2 38.9 52.9 320,831 249,844 159,430 61,963 3,933 Orange...................................... FL 1,974,283 155,268 726,790 1,092,225 100.0 7.9 36.8 55.3 2,031,946 1,524,737 891,569 415,370 70,263 Osceola..................................... FL 628,244 44,158 320,426 263,660 100.0 7.0 51.0 42.0 549,940 450,830 257,769 79,151 15,473 Palm Beach............................... FL 2,183,132 138,401 494,375 1,550,356 100.0 6.3 22.6 71.0 2,324,872 1,605,194 994,404 574,345 101,431 Pasco......................................... FL 713,902 55,039 378,537 280,326 100.0 7.7 53.0 39.3 750,287 557,214 319,668 152,846 36,774 Pinellas...................................... FL 1,211,026 94,072 454,583 662,371 100.0 7.8 37.5 54.7 1,125,639 966,587 580,605 134,646 2,553 Polk............................................ FL 1,250,657 82,891 611,812 555,954 100.0 6.6 48.9 44.5 1,198,317 1,017,453 714,746 150,342 20,166 Saint Johns............................... FL 335,431 13,388 116,187 205,856 100.0 4.0 34.6 61.4 369,379 235,915 133,558 122,963 7,418 

Saint Lucie ................................ FL 487,180 36,562 218,096 232,522 100.0 7.5 44.8 47.7 573,341 349,362 192,145 206,868 16,641 Santa Rosa............................... FL 242,133 18,162 133,657 90,314 100.0 7.5 55.2 37.3 234,586 206,113 124,771 23,431 2,133 Sarasota.................................... FL 626,334 29,535 114,137 482,662 100.0 4.7 18.2 77.1 616,781 455,337 273,851 149,131 3,108 Seminole................................... FL 633,500 40,109 297,872 295,519 100.0 6.3 47.0 46.6 626,787 529,379 332,785 82,886 12,854 Volusia....................................... FL 713,726 51,040 260,755 401,931 100.0 7.2 36.5 56.3 748,410 564,674 340,261 149,605 29,112 Atlanta ....................................... GA 869,896 88,718 162,938 618,240 100.0 10.2 18.7 71.1 772,858 699,826 358,279 70,951 0 Bibb County .............................. GA 267,929 31,230 122,337 114,362 100.0 11.7 45.7 42.7 293,594 235,055 141,501 55,253 3,278 Chatham County...................... GA 403,159 38,412 137,477 227,270 100.0 9.5 34.1 56.4 358,168 339,417 217,189 13,207 5,471 

Cherokee County ..................... GA 406,706 14,776 172,489 219,441 100.0 3.6 42.4 54.0 447,897 338,282 238,739 96,613 11,036 

Clayton County......................... GA 567,961 55,651 264,392 247,918 100.0 9.8 46.6 43.7 542,904 487,680 295,736 54,351 0 

Cobb County............................. GA 1,157,791 66,790 450,898 640,103 100.0 5.8 38.9 55.3 1,150,565 1,025,514 710,282 113,535 6,500 Columbia County...................... GA 223,610 9,388 120,569 93,653 100.0 4.2 53.9 41.9 227,343 192,848 128,235 32,588 1,704 

Coweta County......................... GA 214,080 11,933 97,883 104,264 100.0 5.6 45.7 48.7 203,032 187,993 123,922 9,584 3,731 

DeKalb County......................... GA 1,245,461 83,281 448,301 713,879 100.0 6.7 36.0 57.3 1,167,205 1,059,607 641,380 98,982 8,608 

Dougherty County.................... GA 182,288 23,453 92,214 66,621 100.0 12.9 50.6 36.5 174,976 165,825 103,438 8,499 25 Douglas County........................ GA 266,731 18,106 121,293 127,332 100.0 6.8 45.5 47.7 267,264 226,736 149,101 29,697 10,831 Fayette County.......................... GA 232,377 6,985 101,819 123,573 100.0 3.0 43.8 53.2 239,439 213,138 142,808 20,992 1,866 Forsyth County ......................... GA 332,290 9,990 125,299 197,001 100.0 3.0 37.7 59.3 434,281 280,773 192,305 129,254 23,416 Fulton County ........................... GA 1,068,153 45,181 309,750 713,222 100.0 4.2 29.0 66.8 1,105,728 897,702 574,013 199,938 7,089 Gwinnett County....................... GA 1,764,516 95,838 789,298 879,380 100.0 5.4 44.7 49.8 1,889,054 1,491,932 966,328 354,566 40,550 Hall County ............................... GA 257,012 19,410 129,504 108,098 100.0 7.6 50.4 42.1 278,749 235,011 153,368 40,592 2,903 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Henry County............................ GA 409,143 17,997 182,677 208,469 100.0 4.4 44.6 51.0 467,379 340,447 232,153 114,958 7,778 Houston County........................ GA 274,811 19,817 148,855 106,139 100.0 7.2 54.2 38.6 268,040 246,068 159,940 17,369 3,603 

Muscogee County.................... GA 383,045 36,117 205,422 141,506 100.0 9.4 53.6 36.9 359,337 327,428 203,527 29,817 164 

Newton County......................... GA 204,512 12,599 114,914 76,999 100.0 6.2 56.2 37.7 202,766 172,543 112,428 28,309 1,803 Paulding County....................... GA 285,118 11,930 158,018 115,170 100.0 4.2 55.4 40.4 302,571 233,890 160,373 61,247 5,272 Richmond County..................... GA 355,388 42,257 180,911 132,220 100.0 11.9 50.9 37.2 355,950 313,338 199,736 35,160 7,307 

Rockdale County...................... GA 163,316 10,605 70,840 81,871 100.0 6.5 43.4 50.1 164,500 152,278 93,526 12,222 0 Hawaii Department of 

Education........................... HI 2,541,703 310,732 2,154,313 76,658 100.0 12.2 84.8 3.0 2,242,408 2,122,779 1,281,836 94,455 0 

Boise Independent................... ID 246,531 17,279 130,619 98,633 100.0 7.0 53.0 40.0 237,138 213,571 133,104 16,209 5,487 Meridian Joint ........................... ID 249,927 12,219 164,406 73,302 100.0 4.9 65.8 29.3 215,764 197,567 120,523 4,785 13,342 Nampa....................................... ID 105,735 10,524 75,872 19,339 100.0 10.0 71.8 18.3 111,553 90,258 56,729 14,310 6,985 Carpentersville (CUSD 300).... IL 206,757 9,595 48,150 149,012 100.0 4.6 23.3 72.1 259,816 173,739 103,449 68,591 11,491 City of Chicago ......................... IL 4,844,616 808,902 2,061,414 1,974,300 100.0 16.7 42.6 40.8 4,941,544 4,235,025 2,529,405 429,476 207,167 

Elgin (SD U-46) ........................ IL 415,492 26,716 125,148 263,628 100.0 6.4 30.1 63.4 422,445 382,981 213,579 17,086 11,429 Indian Prairie (CUSD 204)....... IL 307,410 6,588 59,468 241,354 100.0 2.1 19.3 78.5 314,863 264,327 175,362 32,617 17,360 Naperville (CUSD 203)............ IL 236,757 6,235 36,562 193,960 100.0 2.6 15.4 81.9 217,923 200,306 124,846 12,873 806 Oswego (CUSD 308)............... IL 158,651 1,969 51,552 105,130 100.0 1.2 32.5 66.3 220,071 117,143 67,728 81,295 11,457 Plainfield (SD 202).................... IL 275,809 5,216 105,231 165,362 100.0 1.9 38.2 60.0 338,776 237,296 151,683 76,587 18,740 

Rockford (SD 205).................... IL 334,925 38,850 142,789 153,286 100.0 11.6 42.6 45.8 302,210 286,945 167,416 3,959 5,278 Valley View (CUSD 365).......... IL 213,274 9,608 68,612 135,054 100.0 4.5 32.2 63.3 229,755 184,094 112,835 42,631 2,215 

Waukegan (CUSD 60)............. IL 167,197 17,855 84,071 65,271 100.0 10.7 50.3 39.0 164,774 158,181 89,214 2,249 2,358 Carmel Clay Schools ............... IN 169,519 10,359 45,249 113,911 100.0 6.1 26.7 67.2 157,859 133,395 83,767 14,222 6,217 Evansville-Vanderburgh  School Corp........................... IN 249,125 27,568 112,067 109,490 100.0 11.1 45.0 43.9 232,482 211,607 124,745 14,311 4,400 

Fort Wayne................................ IN 358,885 35,435 176,554 146,896 100.0 9.9 49.2 40.9 352,536 315,277 199,429 26,298 3,769 Hamilton Southeastern............ IN 162,191 2,019 61,407 98,765 100.0 1.2 37.9 60.9 136,230 123,950 71,327 9,410 437 Indianapolis............................... IN 529,391 73,689 279,396 176,306 100.0 13.9 52.8 33.3 510,246 416,805 211,709 61,621 4,252 MSD Lawrence Township........ IN 173,785 7,867 76,863 89,055 100.0 4.5 44.2 51.2 206,322 156,169 102,323 46,616 2,700 MSD Wayne Township............. IN 176,782 20,648 94,659 61,475 100.0 11.7 53.5 34.8 180,604 149,499 97,438 26,040 1,624 South Bend............................... IN 288,432 36,188 132,801 119,443 100.0 12.5 46.0 41.4 258,055 241,023 149,855 11,349 2,169 Vigo County.............................. IN 159,462 11,092 84,969 63,401 100.0 7.0 53.3 39.8 150,021 134,319 84,664 12,345 232 Cedar Rapids............................ IA 200,351 10,102 90,937 99,312 100.0 5.0 45.4 49.6 181,129 159,547 102,918 9,584 3,140 Davenport ................................. IA 181,449 13,326 85,122 83,001 100.0 7.3 46.9 45.7 165,867 145,362 98,514 13,679 1,008 Des Moines Independent ........ IA 382,539 39,218 187,461 155,860 100.0 10.3 49.0 40.7 388,799 325,311 208,971 49,341 823 Blue Valley................................. KS 252,185 5,726 82,684 163,775 100.0 2.3 32.8 64.9 226,021 186,041 113,458 26,899 12,557 

Kansas City............................... KS 245,546 21,480 156,904 67,162 100.0 8.7 63.9 27.4 228,242 216,263 123,476 6,767 5,212 Olathe........................................ KS 303,341 11,715 150,185 141,441 100.0 3.9 49.5 46.6 285,221 248,750 159,493 24,738 10,907 

Shawnee Mission..................... KS 321,118 12,961 117,975 190,182 100.0 4.0 36.7 59.2 331,940 262,785 170,559 57,077 12,055 

Wichita....................................... KS 562,916 58,078 343,744 161,094 100.0 10.3 61.1 28.6 546,969 496,388 274,059 40,708 9,873 Boone County........................... KY 169,818 8,427 71,443 89,948 100.0 5.0 42.1 53.0 184,138 136,663 81,706 36,990 9,435 Fayette County.......................... KY 392,707 30,696 146,059 215,952 100.0 7.8 37.2 55.0 386,392 326,008 195,540 48,394 9,561 Jefferson County ...................... KY 1,087,693 114,025 455,522 518,146 100.0 10.5 41.9 47.6 1,042,775 955,482 512,944 56,781 21,815 Ascension Parish...................... LA 196,643 14,431 88,961 93,251 100.0 7.3 45.2 47.4 200,971 166,255 101,571 30,097 4,155 Bossier Parish........................... LA 191,025 17,255 92,392 81,378 100.0 9.0 48.4 42.6 207,705 172,676 100,848 31,837 2,012 Caddo Parish............................ LA 447,996 54,595 216,580 176,821 100.0 12.2 48.3 39.5 445,261 406,440 239,982 32,447 5,128 Calcasieu Parish....................... LA 343,787 41,273 154,459 148,055 100.0 12.0 44.9 43.1 334,883 308,966 176,087 17,573 7,801 East Baton Rouge Parish........ LA 558,999 76,800 191,558 290,641 100.0 13.7 34.3 52.0 524,151 487,400 282,353 35,113 0 

Jefferson Parish........................ LA 544,822 109,854 156,008 278,960 100.0 20.2 28.6 51.2 548,542 497,032 286,193 40,278 8,546 Lafayette Parish........................ LA 312,317 37,057 125,114 150,146 100.0 11.9 40.1 48.1 287,241 271,055 169,311 11,650 3,844 Livingston Parish ...................... LA 205,192 15,152 135,728 54,312 100.0 7.4 66.1 26.5 200,638 191,112 122,423 7,198 2,056 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Ouachita Parish........................ LA 194,576 17,738 112,986 63,852 100.0 9.1 58.1 32.8 193,903 175,517 104,070 12,840 4,933 Rapides Parish ......................... LA 217,919 28,020 120,057 69,842 100.0 12.9 55.1 32.0 220,029 206,087 126,850 9,357 3,670 

Saint Landry Parish.................. LA 137,679 21,449 82,627 33,603 100.0 15.6 60.0 24.4 139,765 134,342 83,081 2,497 2,372 

Saint Tammany Parish............. LA 429,450 49,372 186,469 193,609 100.0 11.5 43.4 45.1 441,865 361,543 221,494 71,065 7,191 Tangipahoa Parish.................... LA 176,389 25,948 105,310 45,131 100.0 14.7 59.7 25.6 167,671 160,787 98,580 5,279 1,300 Terrebonne Parish.................... LA 180,873 22,016 95,609 63,248 100.0 12.2 52.9 35.0 182,621 170,318 107,181 11,745 25 

Anne Arundel County............... MD 1,003,238 45,951 323,201 634,086 100.0 4.6 32.2 63.2 1,019,185 877,288 541,858 108,664 10,715 Baltimore City............................ MD 1,397,983 162,776 937,373 297,834 100.0 11.6 67.1 21.3 1,373,259 1,154,284 679,115 153,981 2,807 

Baltimore County...................... MD 1,518,801 81,477 644,803 792,521 100.0 5.4 42.5 52.2 1,331,971 1,263,668 772,638 22,238 11,741 

Calvert County.......................... MD 240,110 7,941 107,530 124,639 100.0 3.3 44.8 51.9 234,649 205,426 126,767 24,798 1,483 

Carroll County........................... MD 407,110 12,269 164,388 230,453 100.0 3.0 40.4 56.6 399,767 323,110 192,481 66,461 2,576 Cecil County.............................. MD 215,964 10,040 110,473 95,451 100.0 4.6 51.2 44.2 212,499 183,438 110,189 19,740 4,874 Charles County......................... MD 365,859 14,600 167,390 183,869 100.0 4.0 45.8 50.3 367,378 318,873 182,672 40,830 1,007 Frederick County ...................... MD 568,284 17,555 239,548 311,181 100.0 3.1 42.2 54.8 539,781 455,881 280,263 66,934 9,684 

Harford County ......................... MD 586,552 21,137 252,700 312,715 100.0 3.6 43.1 53.3 570,102 455,028 275,410 100,394 4,616 Howard County......................... MD 805,247 20,014 234,350 550,883 100.0 2.5 29.1 68.4 789,781 688,449 435,252 78,956 12,546 Montgomery County................ MD 2,604,887 93,751 564,940 1,946,196 100.0 3.6 21.7 74.7 2,480,429 2,066,022 1,316,495 338,620 35,348 

Prince George's County........... MD 1,926,633 117,772 1,039,575 769,286 100.0 6.1 54.0 39.9 1,990,476 1,757,026 979,519 150,962 21,957 Saint Mary's County................. MD 225,345 12,761 107,352 105,232 100.0 5.7 47.6 46.7 209,683 188,031 108,418 17,428 2,182 

Washington County.................. MD 309,316 16,870 162,532 129,914 100.0 5.5 52.5 42.0 309,586 246,832 145,893 55,259 1,754 Boston....................................... MA 1,313,368 91,360 393,426 828,582 100.0 7.0 30.0 63.1 1,308,629 1,221,336 739,053 54,368 13,559 Brockton.................................... MA 230,613 18,073 154,210 58,330 100.0 7.8 66.9 25.3 267,067 222,933 131,877 39,833 1,255 Springfield................................. MA 438,433 46,772 311,810 79,851 100.0 10.7 71.1 18.2 432,115 407,673 252,649 7,878 10,995 Worcester.................................. MA 385,482 34,972 245,200 105,310 100.0 9.1 63.6 27.3 387,720 354,826 247,486 8,574 11,586 

Ann Arbor.................................. MI 240,462 5,394 86,019 149,049 100.0 2.2 35.8 62.0 272,600 197,385 112,505 58,869 8,924 Chippewa Valley ...................... MI 164,327 4,570 99,972 59,785 100.0 2.8 60.8 36.4 171,165 123,028 76,903 25,004 21,045 Dearborn City............................ MI 224,205 15,561 121,414 87,230 100.0 6.9 54.2 38.9 222,112 203,879 118,603 8,162 7,699 

Detroit City................................. MI 1,317,526 168,009 814,536 334,981 100.0 12.8 61.8 25.4 1,432,456 1,296,236 703,557 17,595 89,156 Grand Rapids............................ MI 271,328 31,444 141,884 98,000 100.0 11.6 52.3 36.1 312,112 234,883 140,113 43,965 7,617 Livonia....................................... MI 192,510 2,248 113,478 76,784 100.0 1.2 58.9 39.9 201,152 180,258 104,849 9,615 6,202 

Plymouth-Canton ..................... MI 187,081 2,538 116,552 67,991 100.0 1.4 62.3 36.3 195,275 167,900 97,767 14,504 7,259 

Utica Community Schools....... MI 301,599 11,735 193,632 96,232 100.0 3.9 64.2 31.9 290,975 263,946 166,939 9,974 10,338 Walled Lake Consolidated....... MI 193,659 2,864 106,174 84,621 100.0 1.5 54.8 43.7 186,899 165,410 100,724 9,291 9,310 Warren Consolidated ............... MI 182,762 7,296 98,981 76,485 100.0 4.0 54.2 41.8 176,766 165,056 91,620 2,863 7,028 

Anoka-Hennepin ...................... MN 446,236 18,527 318,661 109,048 100.0 4.2 71.4 24.4 447,355 389,126 260,126 23,895 7,700 

Minneapolis............................... MN 610,868 63,841 383,028 163,999 100.0 10.5 62.7 26.8 590,965 479,364 305,983 45,097 27,183 

Osseo Public............................. MN 282,038 10,948 186,479 84,611 100.0 3.9 66.1 30.0 279,758 229,288 153,632 11,347 12,411 Rochester Public ...................... MN 179,904 11,481 121,600 46,823 100.0 6.4 67.6 26.0 179,408 147,649 93,816 15,232 6,543 Rosemount-Apple ValleyEagan ................................... MN 326,405 11,473 216,030 98,902 100.0 3.5 66.2 30.3 308,182 268,658 188,620 22,979 4,299 

Saint Paul.................................. MN 607,137 63,687 418,181 125,269 100.0 10.5 68.9 20.6 611,597 514,243 350,272 47,064 15,304 

South Washington County....... MN 198,651 5,183 122,575 70,893 100.0 2.6 61.7 35.7 252,212 146,273 96,629 75,744 15,671 Desoto County.......................... MS 232,190 17,684 134,541 79,965 100.0 7.6 57.9 34.4 207,186 185,578 110,305 14,122 7,260 

Jackson..................................... MS 271,497 44,714 139,014 87,769 100.0 16.5 51.2 32.3 282,929 254,527 144,856 23,057 4,304 

Rankin County.......................... MS 149,395 11,375 77,402 60,618 100.0 7.6 51.8 40.6 152,387 129,521 79,372 17,065 5,037 Columbia 93.............................. MO 181,653 12,726 73,059 95,868 100.0 7.0 40.2 52.8 207,452 168,798 106,282 26,008 6,122 

Fort Zumwalt R-II...................... MO 175,433 5,802 65,856 103,775 100.0 3.3 37.5 59.2 187,845 158,063 95,613 20,558 6,607 Francis Howell R-III................... MO 187,800 5,968 68,169 113,663 100.0 3.2 36.3 60.5 185,999 166,116 104,204 3,254 7,874 Hazelwood................................ MO 206,077 7,951 78,984 119,142 100.0 3.9 38.3 57.8 246,226 181,658 108,400 52,755 9,070 Kansas City 33 ......................... MO 333,098 41,622 131,163 160,313 100.0 12.5 39.4 48.1 357,456 334,949 176,991 7,599 37 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Lee’s Summit R-VII................... MO 188,707 5,127 71,409 112,171 100.0 2.7 37.8 59.4 186,652 153,953 95,385 15,367 11,957 North Kansas City 74............... MO 203,890 9,816 59,366 134,708 100.0 4.8 29.1 66.1 237,735 162,315 98,400 58,527 10,805 Parkway C-2.............................. MO 221,271 4,979 43,645 172,647 100.0 2.3 19.7 78.0 217,313 189,225 107,551 19,354 4,902 

Rockwood R-VI......................... MO 240,397 4,312 54,874 181,211 100.0 1.8 22.8 75.4 233,074 187,750 108,413 28,736 7,747 Saint Louis City......................... MO 439,882 62,655 168,070 209,157 100.0 14.2 38.2 47.5 430,150 396,369 197,391 14,578 9,903 Springfield R-XII........................ MO 215,815 21,754 67,586 126,475 100.0 10.1 31.3 58.6 263,413 197,084 115,938 52,591 11,245 

Lincoln ...................................... NE 375,028 29,619 92,205 253,204 100.0 7.9 24.6 67.5 426,550 291,729 195,142 122,431 12,362 Millard........................................ NE 216,605 8,736 75,951 131,918 100.0 4.0 35.1 60.9 210,445 173,237 107,928 29,335 6,666 Omaha ...................................... NE 545,674 88,496 195,808 261,370 100.0 16.2 35.9 47.9 474,577 436,291 264,224 25,194 12,104 Clark County............................. NV 3,111,868 196,022 1,708,854 1,206,992 100.0 6.3 54.9 38.8 3,664,948 2,486,063 1,461,071 951,289 212,953 

Washoe County........................ NV 618,949 45,021 380,460 193,468 100.0 7.3 61.5 31.3 612,202 537,291 319,953 48,821 22,769 Elizabeth.................................... NJ 462,392 31,309 333,906 97,177 100.0 6.8 72.2 21.0 418,949 403,259 237,278 1,836 0 

Jersey City ................................ NJ 687,168 43,548 541,379 102,241 100.0 6.3 78.8 14.9 689,584 649,568 413,392 24,047 6,521 

Newark...................................... NJ 1,132,607 74,330 934,993 123,284 100.0 6.6 82.6 10.9 1,149,086 1,020,804 589,502 90,603 4,560 Paterson.................................... NJ 558,609 40,916 470,704 46,989 100.0 7.3 84.3 8.4 548,590 508,252 285,356 3,704 585 Toms River Regional................ NJ 230,373 7,937 94,261 128,175 100.0 3.4 40.9 55.6 230,539 212,708 125,977 12,034 3,962 

Albuquerque ............................. NM 999,503 87,819 742,891 168,793 100.0 8.8 74.3 16.9 1,002,803 802,455 477,539 196,787 3,347 Las Cruces................................ NM 234,068 23,678 176,629 33,761 100.0 10.1 75.5 14.4 227,044 202,226 125,280 19,890 3,216 Rio Rancho............................... NM 165,412 5,035 109,903 50,474 100.0 3.0 66.4 30.5 158,444 119,280 74,779 35,904 2,571 Brentwood Union Free............. NY 303,596 15,822 206,746 81,028 100.0 5.2 68.1 26.7 307,215 288,031 198,833 13,250 3,352 

Buffalo City................................ NY 850,081 87,214 610,552 152,315 100.0 10.3 71.8 17.9 867,044 659,766 448,376 154,101 42,801 New York City............................ NY 19,885,693 1,785,145 9,335,189 8,765,359 100.0 9.0 46.9 44.1 21,848,614 18,544,527 14,194,945 2,474,621 412,000 

Rochester City.......................... NY 631,766 68,828 445,381 117,557 100.0 10.9 70.5 18.6 643,683 567,981 327,262 30,041 7,780 

Sachem Central........................ NY 283,838 5,562 137,093 141,183 100.0 2.0 48.3 49.7 265,618 249,718 162,382 3,841 9,421 

Syracuse City............................ NY 384,623 45,499 273,406 65,718 100.0 11.8 71.1 17.1 375,766 353,885 244,644 10,857 4,522 

Yonkers City .............................. NY 504,974 41,836 284,464 178,674 100.0 8.3 56.3 35.4 499,063 471,835 318,346 14,045 6,065 Alamance-Burlington................ NC 182,946 15,783 119,551 47,612 100.0 8.6 65.3 26.0 179,284 165,258 107,703 9,678 4,309 Buncombe County ................... NC 244,803 20,840 142,263 81,700 100.0 8.5 58.1 33.4 230,173 203,900 126,508 18,748 7,112 Burke County............................ NC 122,700 14,733 80,027 27,940 100.0 12.0 65.2 22.8 121,096 111,144 69,515 4,867 3,362 Cabarrus County...................... NC 251,836 14,708 137,672 99,456 100.0 5.8 54.7 39.5 259,743 197,290 128,392 45,120 13,894 Catawba County....................... NC 159,509 10,481 96,416 52,612 100.0 6.6 60.4 33.0 151,969 131,305 87,546 15,480 5,126 Charlotte-Mecklenburg............. NC 1,345,133 105,771 690,492 548,870 100.0 7.9 51.3 40.8 1,341,285 1,073,027 670,910 170,591 82,129 

Cleveland County..................... NC 147,736 15,520 99,588 32,628 100.0 10.5 67.4 22.1 144,417 134,806 85,918 9,398 210 Cumberland County................. NC 458,835 60,684 288,445 109,706 100.0 13.2 62.9 23.9 447,851 401,506 250,390 37,425 5,056 

Davidson County...................... NC 155,443 10,837 107,645 36,961 100.0 7.0 69.3 23.8 164,645 138,541 89,770 22,147 3,957 Durham ..................................... NC 348,269 30,502 181,912 135,855 100.0 8.8 52.2 39.0 334,597 292,829 178,734 27,239 10,728 Forsyth County ......................... NC 505,580 45,335 295,382 164,863 100.0 9.0 58.4 32.6 500,431 444,653 294,596 36,437 18,767 Gaston County.......................... NC 262,947 27,659 168,455 66,833 100.0 10.5 64.1 25.4 264,471 231,226 147,601 25,114 8,097 

Guilford County......................... NC 716,338 67,308 382,482 266,548 100.0 9.4 53.4 37.2 742,346 608,618 374,244 104,606 27,881 Harnett County......................... NC 168,320 16,223 105,555 46,542 100.0 9.6 62.7 27.7 161,682 137,341 91,508 20,077 4,136 Iredell-Statesville....................... NC 193,703 14,545 112,544 66,614 100.0 7.5 58.1 34.4 190,283 163,130 104,098 14,537 10,557 Johnston County ...................... NC 286,420 21,386 174,005 91,029 100.0 7.5 60.8 31.8 310,994 231,453 154,625 63,144 15,842 Nash-Rocky Mount................... NC 151,359 18,429 103,154 29,776 100.0 12.2 68.2 19.7 145,860 140,812 87,785 4,422 559 

New Hanover County............... NC 245,144 20,585 129,758 94,801 100.0 8.4 52.9 38.7 259,682 214,859 126,310 35,431 9,264 Onslow County......................... NC 202,887 23,728 123,489 55,670 100.0 11.7 60.9 27.4 246,114 173,282 109,530 66,496 5,942 Pitt County................................. NC 201,755 20,102 129,991 51,662 100.0 10.0 64.4 25.6 216,959 180,392 117,804 29,116 6,115 

Randolph County ..................... NC 154,546 12,476 101,141 40,929 100.0 8.1 65.4 26.5 173,305 135,390 87,799 31,299 6,556 

Robeson County ...................... NC 222,720 38,282 161,522 22,916 100.0 17.2 72.5 10.3 215,850 198,873 127,398 16,123 37 Rowan-Salisbury...................... NC 192,248 18,991 118,019 55,238 100.0 9.9 61.4 28.7 181,639 163,010 102,597 12,348 6,253 Union County............................ NC 475,466 18,306 185,183 271,977 100.0 3.9 38.9 57.2 428,915 277,502 177,128 122,545 25,390 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Wake County............................ NC 1,264,960 68,546 691,684 504,730 100.0 5.4 54.7 39.9 1,447,518 1,039,811 673,079 311,142 89,792 Wayne County.......................... NC 164,507 19,947 117,931 26,629 100.0 12.1 71.7 16.2 160,230 153,569 104,610 6,437 224 Akron City.................................. OH 402,018 41,118 213,099 147,801 100.0 10.2 53.0 36.8 387,611 316,965 190,276 65,326 4 Cincinnati City........................... OH 616,576 67,383 218,730 330,463 100.0 10.9 35.5 53.6 672,011 468,326 274,636 138,316 39,263 Cleveland Municipal................. OH 922,544 127,424 546,741 248,379 100.0 13.8 59.3 26.9 871,978 749,113 485,580 70,703 9,055 Columbus City .......................... OH 910,711 130,197 341,345 439,169 100.0 14.3 37.5 48.2 986,576 782,548 444,063 162,371 17,900 

Dayton City................................ OH 326,015 31,340 189,043 105,632 100.0 9.6 58.0 32.4 320,197 193,335 94,778 116,889 96 

Hilliard City................................ OH 171,393 5,093 55,268 111,032 100.0 3.0 32.2 64.8 204,475 156,589 99,926 39,457 6,645 

Lakota Local.............................. OH 178,626 5,674 60,993 111,959 100.0 3.2 34.1 62.7 212,361 158,014 82,462 44,881 8,873 South-Western City.................. OH 230,064 16,371 104,637 109,056 100.0 7.1 45.5 47.4 213,493 198,815 121,276 4,713 5,465 Toledo City................................. OH 484,485 38,613 295,725 150,147 100.0 8.0 61.0 31.0 447,348 323,816 172,501 105,779 7,048 Broken Arrow............................ OK 122,490 8,105 59,953 54,432 100.0 6.6 48.9 44.4 129,809 109,512 60,442 17,955 1,912 Edmond..................................... OK 166,014 7,863 57,134 101,017 100.0 4.7 34.4 60.8 172,217 134,630 77,319 33,299 3,287 

Lawton....................................... OK 132,107 23,267 80,695 28,145 100.0 17.6 61.1 21.3 132,180 124,368 68,276 6,662 347 Moore........................................ OK 161,041 11,071 82,978 66,992 100.0 6.9 51.5 41.6 173,468 133,378 81,036 37,228 2,522 Oklahoma City.......................... OK 367,947 55,036 178,023 134,888 100.0 15.0 48.4 36.7 326,113 312,073 170,867 9,305 3,410 Putnam City.............................. OK 149,634 13,650 70,057 65,927 100.0 9.1 46.8 44.1 153,257 134,193 76,638 17,132 1,819 

Tulsa .......................................... OK 386,981 56,324 171,010 159,647 100.0 14.6 44.2 41.3 383,964 340,935 182,597 37,134 4,101 

Beaverton.................................. OR 357,561 21,239 180,104 156,218 100.0 5.9 50.4 43.7 429,523 316,689 187,248 82,317 29,254 Bend-Lapine ............................. OR 161,924 10,010 62,930 88,984 100.0 6.2 38.9 55.0 195,898 131,905 79,793 51,256 12,214 

Eugene...................................... OR 191,415 15,735 77,778 97,902 100.0 8.2 40.6 51.1 197,365 176,987 106,555 8,747 10,754 Hillsboro .................................... OR 218,156 17,328 104,687 96,141 100.0 7.9 48.0 44.1 282,952 174,371 98,988 85,540 22,040 North Clackamas...................... OR 178,739 9,355 88,367 81,017 100.0 5.2 49.4 45.3 228,172 142,143 83,357 69,509 15,282 

Portland..................................... OR 522,208 60,346 194,477 267,385 100.0 11.6 37.2 51.2 524,944 513,100 300,218 8,909 1,546 Salem-Keizer ............................ OR 403,155 35,311 255,218 112,626 100.0 8.8 63.3 27.9 384,754 357,857 223,817 7,831 17,994 Allentown City........................... PA 198,570 23,972 92,848 81,750 100.0 12.1 46.8 41.2 199,559 159,491 99,421 14,724 2,772 Bethlehem Area........................ PA 206,194 11,382 46,368 148,444 100.0 5.5 22.5 72.0 229,109 152,381 94,186 45,110 10,739 Central Bucks............................ PA 265,636 5,025 40,775 219,836 100.0 1.9 15.3 82.8 257,479 210,469 132,922 26,189 12,586 

Philadelphia City....................... PA 2,567,483 311,595 1,368,208 887,680 100.0 12.1 53.3 34.6 2,830,437 1,623,187 872,336 387,859 123,038 Pittsburgh.................................. PA 670,609 64,667 233,836 372,106 100.0 9.6 34.9 55.5 623,426 428,953 226,302 45,659 23,433 Reading..................................... PA 188,502 26,404 119,775 42,323 100.0 14.0 63.5 22.5 221,601 156,711 96,693 46,713 6,275 

Providence................................ RI 413,603 53,729 234,771 125,103 100.0 13.0 56.8 30.2 409,088 390,931 202,512 734 9,930 

Aiken 01 .................................... SC 224,216 22,957 130,917 70,342 100.0 10.2 58.4 31.4 226,781 202,189 123,479 21,348 2,396 Beaufort 01 ............................... SC 249,942 18,579 75,658 155,705 100.0 7.4 30.3 62.3 228,892 193,511 111,206 21,489 12,827 Berkeley 01............................... SC 287,351 26,954 153,913 106,484 100.0 9.4 53.6 37.1 311,825 240,185 131,559 45,753 22,620 Charleston 01........................... SC 527,501 48,435 202,051 277,015 100.0 9.2 38.3 52.5 554,737 435,331 248,182 66,243 46,919 Dorchester 02........................... SC 186,549 11,303 118,185 57,061 100.0 6.1 63.4 30.6 220,761 165,340 99,415 43,827 9,479 

Florence 01............................... SC 154,633 16,401 87,963 50,269 100.0 10.6 56.9 32.5 146,272 139,488 82,337 4,029 298 

Greenville 01............................. SC 684,420 55,081 367,719 261,620 100.0 8.0 53.7 38.2 733,942 564,693 322,197 108,300 57,173 Horry 01 .................................... SC 444,197 33,193 167,880 243,124 100.0 7.5 37.8 54.7 442,069 357,255 210,753 61,165 20,544 Lexington 01 ............................. SC 234,779 10,638 130,346 93,795 100.0 4.5 55.5 40.0 281,387 194,186 113,767 75,377 11,600 Lexington 05 ............................. SC 196,120 7,915 110,942 77,263 100.0 4.0 56.6 39.4 188,628 169,720 96,025 16,761 1,094 

Pickens 01................................. SC 174,812 11,719 85,814 77,279 100.0 6.7 49.1 44.2 162,407 131,055 76,866 12,689 17,626 Richland 01............................... SC 370,992 36,026 134,618 200,348 100.0 9.7 36.3 54.0 400,723 308,246 178,966 67,935 23,243 Richland 02............................... SC 258,136 13,752 138,237 106,147 100.0 5.3 53.6 41.1 288,841 223,840 129,990 50,386 12,042 York 03....................................... SC 180,757 11,857 100,246 68,654 100.0 6.6 55.5 38.0 217,232 153,528 88,328 54,825 8,012 Sioux Falls................................. SD 183,994 20,523 55,985 107,486 100.0 11.2 30.4 58.4 182,545 158,643 101,363 17,305 4,252 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Davidson County...................... TN 740,835 78,816 200,955 461,064 100.0 10.6 27.1 62.2 814,449 678,154 399,854 108,273 24,533 Hamilton County....................... TN 360,382 41,545 116,363 202,474 100.0 11.5 32.3 56.2 354,859 344,310 220,299 4,586 2,771 

Knox County............................. TN 487,605 43,208 147,872 296,525 100.0 8.9 30.3 60.8 489,458 429,304 266,336 48,195 11,029 Memphis City............................ TN 1,119,814 160,100 441,915 517,799 100.0 14.3 39.5 46.2 1,148,578 1,024,956 614,904 105,520 621 

Montgomery County................ TN 212,577 25,875 111,421 75,281 100.0 12.2 52.4 35.4 260,084 201,522 120,005 48,887 9,363 

Rutherford County ................... TN 265,772 15,553 133,183 117,036 100.0 5.9 50.1 44.0 323,459 249,671 161,734 59,553 13,620 

Shelby County .......................... TN 367,604 20,894 167,253 179,457 100.0 5.7 45.5 48.8 409,334 345,192 225,027 45,026 12,851 Sumner County ........................ TN 200,821 14,537 103,401 82,883 100.0 7.2 51.5 41.3 205,576 192,505 127,222 3,648 7,755 

Williamson County ................... TN 221,267 8,327 87,463 125,477 100.0 3.8 39.5 56.7 255,704 215,827 140,227 25,442 12,685 Abilene ISD............................... TX 146,953 20,414 79,081 47,458 100.0 13.9 53.8 32.3 151,563 134,063 83,751 13,260 2,678 Aldine ISD................................. TX 559,919 68,093 304,002 187,824 100.0 12.2 54.3 33.5 584,369 497,157 291,364 70,002 13,980 Alief ISD .................................... TX 405,695 41,167 210,724 153,804 100.0 10.1 51.9 37.9 404,653 364,562 230,450 24,747 11,589 Allen ISD................................... TX 163,733 4,093 52,788 106,852 100.0 2.5 32.2 65.3 170,144 123,570 75,270 32,231 14,061 Alvin ISD.................................... TX 152,368 10,900 79,866 61,602 100.0 7.2 52.4 40.4 190,053 117,868 68,324 58,330 13,379 Amarillo ISD.............................. TX 259,845 33,263 133,621 92,961 100.0 12.8 51.4 35.8 266,266 238,114 149,186 19,793 5,571 Arlington ISD............................. TX 537,280 49,128 215,190 272,962 100.0 9.1 40.1 50.8 512,321 482,911 310,684 6,882 19,353 

Austin ISD................................. TX 970,089 85,664 231,489 652,936 100.0 8.8 23.9 67.3 1,002,912 745,978 425,740 92,803 29,646 Beaumont ISD.......................... TX 190,919 28,382 60,256 102,281 100.0 14.9 31.6 53.6 215,834 181,293 106,440 31,367 1,180 Birdville ISD............................... TX 215,469 15,056 77,081 123,332 100.0 7.0 35.8 57.2 237,645 168,530 110,749 58,142 9,867 

Brownsville ISD......................... TX 473,510 78,215 322,296 72,999 100.0 16.5 68.1 15.4 478,942 422,879 253,632 40,398 10,551 Bryan ISD.................................. TX 140,621 17,627 64,323 58,671 100.0 12.5 45.7 41.7 175,595 116,864 69,985 51,101 6,574 Carrollton-Farmers Branch ISD TX 297,051 16,975 70,732 209,344 100.0 5.7 23.8 70.5 319,837 222,653 136,251 59,272 23,177 Clear Creek ISD....................... TX 332,417 12,860 117,979 201,578 100.0 3.9 35.5 60.6 375,102 275,483 173,380 72,849 25,361 

Comal ISD................................. TX 161,643 8,442 34,683 118,518 100.0 5.2 21.5 73.3 221,848 118,166 70,535 80,672 16,915 

Conroe ISD............................... TX 409,899 24,562 160,405 224,932 100.0 6.0 39.1 54.9 486,216 330,126 202,284 117,575 37,426 Corpus Christi ISD ................... TX 329,464 40,445 165,376 123,643 100.0 12.3 50.2 37.5 311,410 298,012 175,525 4,151 3,899 Crowley ISD.............................. TX 128,710 6,069 53,593 69,048 100.0 4.7 41.6 53.6 170,520 106,477 68,568 52,406 11,589 

Cypress-Fairbanks ISD............ TX 792,371 43,607 314,951 433,813 100.0 5.5 39.7 54.7 948,922 691,201 443,884 183,457 69,946 Dallas ISD................................. TX 1,613,014 216,482 473,768 922,764 100.0 13.4 29.4 57.2 1,695,717 1,457,429 900,426 137,918 72,345 Denton ISD............................... TX 237,087 14,052 77,199 145,836 100.0 5.9 32.6 61.5 272,921 185,117 115,614 67,584 19,599 Eagle Mount-Saginaw ISD...... TX 138,169 5,199 47,316 85,654 100.0 3.8 34.2 62.0 192,566 101,183 63,185 73,456 17,644 Ector County ISD...................... TX 221,091 23,348 102,968 94,775 100.0 10.6 46.6 42.9 236,547 201,393 120,971 29,334 4,396 Edinburg CISD.......................... TX 285,362 44,180 176,000 65,182 100.0 15.5 61.7 22.8 278,144 254,699 155,184 8,206 11,995 El Paso ISD............................... TX 583,899 87,626 314,657 181,616 100.0 15.0 53.9 31.1 593,807 535,196 324,141 35,303 20,506 Fort Bend ISD........................... TX 571,456 29,488 252,517 289,451 100.0 5.2 44.2 50.7 644,932 519,209 326,087 90,179 34,201 Fort Worth ISD.......................... TX 725,234 96,921 316,310 312,003 100.0 13.4 43.6 43.0 741,991 679,641 377,875 28,863 21,069 Frisco ISD.................................. TX 282,727 5,766 64,360 212,601 100.0 2.0 22.8 75.2 443,197 203,821 127,975 184,922 44,766 

Galena Park ISD....................... TX 206,006 19,542 109,491 76,973 100.0 9.5 53.1 37.4 207,825 173,828 102,307 20,904 10,556 

Garland ISD.............................. TX 482,310 38,863 247,658 195,789 100.0 8.1 51.3 40.6 483,102 436,329 269,291 23,272 18,580 Goose Creek CISD.................. TX 216,482 18,151 62,015 136,316 100.0 8.4 28.6 63.0 281,164 172,191 100,063 86,999 19,651 Grand Prairie ISD..................... TX 234,682 18,955 135,473 80,254 100.0 8.1 57.7 34.2 317,571 189,267 117,097 103,498 22,293 

Harlingen CISD ........................ TX 154,358 21,942 94,025 38,391 100.0 14.2 60.9 24.9 158,068 140,280 85,765 12,056 3,742 Houston ISD ............................. TX 2,059,689 267,705 597,926 1,194,058 100.0 13.0 29.0 58.0 1,968,836 1,716,764 1,007,273 135,279 98,034 Humble ISD............................... TX 293,724 12,581 131,393 149,750 100.0 4.3 44.7 51.0 382,784 245,927 154,026 108,719 26,320 

Hurst-Euless-Bedford ISD....... TX 194,797 11,008 63,138 120,651 100.0 5.7 32.4 61.9 177,757 156,112 99,264 2,264 17,848 Irving ISD.................................. TX 301,593 30,822 132,027 138,744 100.0 10.2 43.8 46.0 293,491 246,429 158,006 19,459 24,943 Judson ISD ............................... TX 198,909 13,928 95,261 89,720 100.0 7.0 47.9 45.1 208,786 159,059 96,716 34,415 13,869 Katy ISD.................................... TX 508,389 20,328 218,887 269,174 100.0 4.0 43.1 52.9 654,452 413,816 257,694 194,298 44,944 Keller ISD.................................. TX 249,298 5,998 92,320 150,980 100.0 2.4 37.0 60.6 316,646 205,301 129,526 79,076 31,661 

Killeen ISD ................................ TX 374,073 79,177 219,582 75,314 100.0 21.2 58.7 20.1 347,060 306,183 191,011 30,576 6,666 Klein ISD................................... TX 365,622 18,853 172,457 174,312 100.0 5.2 47.2 47.7 386,411 321,834 194,350 45,226 17,581 La Joya ISD............................... TX 258,051 39,885 181,758 36,408 100.0 15.5 70.4 14.1 307,867 228,326 135,851 65,788 11,916 Lamar CISD.............................. TX 215,192 14,002 73,159 128,031 100.0 6.5 34.0 59.5 272,466 172,020 107,196 78,132 21,447 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Laredo ISD................................ TX 269,699 41,500 186,955 41,244 100.0 15.4 69.3 15.3 264,651 210,155 125,424 39,122 13,142 Leander ISD.............................. TX 267,145 7,334 82,989 176,822 100.0 2.7 31.1 66.2 398,433 210,084 125,025 167,790 18,148 Lewisville ISD............................ TX 495,986 21,186 136,820 337,980 100.0 4.3 27.6 68.1 555,564 401,301 256,476 101,529 46,040 Lubbock ISD............................. TX 257,559 36,962 110,413 110,184 100.0 14.4 42.9 42.8 255,086 230,705 140,556 13,990 5,408 Mansfield ISD ........................... TX 277,535 10,861 128,482 138,192 100.0 3.9 46.3 49.8 286,299 201,693 123,623 53,698 30,266 McAllen ISD.............................. TX 223,047 29,609 118,142 75,296 100.0 13.3 53.0 33.8 250,681 209,585 128,714 32,812 5,668 McKinney ISD........................... TX 228,278 9,121 69,568 149,589 100.0 4.0 30.5 65.5 263,826 175,416 110,108 63,891 20,558 Mesquite ISD............................ TX 340,441 22,164 203,581 114,696 100.0 6.5 59.8 33.7 310,504 268,206 167,480 22,627 19,005 Midland ISD.............................. TX 183,331 20,341 63,022 99,968 100.0 11.1 34.4 54.5 186,392 161,773 96,462 16,229 6,478 

Mission CISD............................ TX 151,883 23,893 103,828 24,162 100.0 15.7 68.4 15.9 175,804 130,364 77,617 38,275 5,284 North East ISD.......................... TX 661,970 33,815 200,974 427,181 100.0 5.1 30.4 64.5 684,814 517,876 323,272 115,404 49,036 Northside ISD........................... TX 766,936 57,934 318,919 390,083 100.0 7.6 41.6 50.9 960,981 673,741 413,359 225,362 54,477 Pasadena ISD........................... TX 464,800 45,440 264,859 154,501 100.0 9.8 57.0 33.2 525,181 400,615 241,930 97,168 25,201 Pearland ISD............................. TX 151,991 6,571 61,024 84,396 100.0 4.3 40.1 55.5 190,138 118,208 65,918 56,000 15,167 Pflugerville ISD......................... TX 193,435 11,234 74,211 107,990 100.0 5.8 38.4 55.8 186,684 159,230 94,836 12,530 13,436 Pharr-San Juan-Alamo ISD..... TX 286,519 41,477 196,468 48,574 100.0 14.5 68.6 17.0 278,927 250,056 149,274 16,364 10,260 

Plano ISD.................................. TX 611,837 21,894 134,561 455,382 100.0 3.6 22.0 74.4 630,243 441,662 288,907 67,221 38,747 

Richardson ISD........................ TX 340,942 26,230 76,449 238,263 100.0 7.7 22.4 69.9 352,090 277,063 179,133 40,949 17,976 

Round Rock ISD....................... TX 408,664 20,709 104,409 283,546 100.0 5.1 25.5 69.4 434,558 307,928 191,284 90,661 32,031 San Antonio ISD....................... TX 541,408 91,324 298,733 151,351 100.0 16.9 55.2 28.0 548,183 473,536 273,455 39,946 24,248 Socorro ISD.............................. TX 348,018 34,216 231,378 82,424 100.0 9.8 66.5 23.7 368,233 294,902 183,286 49,092 21,539 Spring Branch ISD ................... TX 337,171 30,868 90,419 215,884 100.0 9.2 26.8 64.0 338,423 285,484 179,434 24,850 18,579 Spring ISD................................. TX 315,850 19,763 164,372 131,715 100.0 6.3 52.0 41.7 384,464 265,663 156,527 86,160 30,569 Tyler ISD.................................... TX 174,164 21,824 65,106 87,234 100.0 12.5 37.4 50.1 166,584 148,202 91,604 12,506 4,799 

United ISD................................. TX 372,490 39,256 221,521 111,713 100.0 10.5 59.5 30.0 367,034 313,481 183,108 37,235 14,610 Waco ISD.................................. TX 144,348 24,037 75,055 45,256 100.0 16.7 52.0 31.4 138,388 129,550 74,813 3,263 2,349 Weslaco ISD............................. TX 155,939 26,598 107,344 21,997 100.0 17.1 68.8 14.1 162,995 140,145 81,435 18,028 2,702 Ysleta ISD................................. TX 423,486 54,679 284,344 84,463 100.0 12.9 67.1 19.9 410,118 374,008 227,738 16,517 16,026 

Alpine......................................... UT 428,596 35,566 256,479 136,551 100.0 8.3 59.8 31.9 437,952 327,145 224,898 90,311 14,593 Davis.......................................... UT 485,031 40,386 305,454 139,191 100.0 8.3 63.0 28.7 486,371 391,263 248,967 68,140 14,778 Granite....................................... UT 505,372 58,887 289,476 157,009 100.0 11.7 57.3 31.1 483,481 412,839 267,730 56,260 0 Jordan ....................................... UT 635,282 45,641 333,609 256,032 100.0 7.2 52.5 40.3 601,025 455,306 288,020 121,847 11,640 Nebo.......................................... UT 205,483 18,019 129,827 57,637 100.0 8.8 63.2 28.0 217,196 152,332 94,914 52,650 8,631 Salt Lake ................................... UT 250,466 39,226 96,840 114,400 100.0 15.7 38.7 45.7 235,591 179,086 114,198 35,614 6,077 

Washington............................... UT 207,727 15,099 107,136 85,492 100.0 7.3 51.6 41.2 238,690 152,621 99,303 73,827 9,296 

Weber........................................ UT 215,670 16,548 144,790 54,332 100.0 7.7 67.1 25.2 201,564 175,735 115,534 20,670 3,871 Arlington County....................... VA 419,457 13,324 47,915 358,218 100.0 3.2 11.4 85.4 423,414 347,342 210,432 44,010 10,708 

Chesapeake City...................... VA 466,334 24,639 221,655 220,040 100.0 5.3 47.5 47.2 483,120 417,893 263,206 54,999 0 Chesterfield County.................. VA 609,461 24,364 287,533 297,564 100.0 4.0 47.2 48.8 639,911 532,178 334,580 88,119 14,570 Fairfax County........................... VA 2,313,386 87,266 456,974 1,769,146 100.0 3.8 19.8 76.5 2,466,402 2,199,910 1,335,158 181,587 64,752 

Hampton City............................ VA 236,642 21,391 138,529 76,722 100.0 9.0 58.5 32.4 236,907 222,920 131,164 11,830 534 

Hanover County........................ VA 195,986 7,600 84,563 103,823 100.0 3.9 43.1 53.0 202,973 170,317 115,054 25,520 5,936 Henrico County ........................ VA 474,941 25,736 220,878 228,327 100.0 5.4 46.5 48.1 515,742 420,874 254,866 78,905 11,809 Loudoun County....................... VA 814,891 19,645 164,990 630,256 100.0 2.4 20.2 77.3 824,606 710,769 456,080 102,821 8,810 

Newport News City................... VA 359,855 39,049 190,871 129,935 100.0 10.9 53.0 36.1 350,163 316,526 182,143 23,706 0 

Norfolk City................................ VA 383,347 45,567 210,849 126,931 100.0 11.9 55.0 33.1 390,300 360,804 225,981 20,383 67 Portsmouth City........................ VA 187,994 17,759 98,416 71,819 100.0 9.4 52.4 38.2 178,993 152,946 90,189 19,962 319 Prince William County.............. VA 878,492 34,356 366,747 477,389 100.0 3.9 41.7 54.3 919,640 757,021 438,370 115,047 23,013 Richmond City.......................... VA 319,884 42,747 134,670 142,467 100.0 13.4 42.1 44.5 318,513 305,938 182,048 4,113 3,606 Spotsylvania County ............... VA 265,169 10,605 127,175 127,389 100.0 4.0 48.0 48.0 288,414 227,666 138,107 47,819 12,068 Stafford County......................... VA 259,533 12,740 132,521 114,272 100.0 4.9 51.1 44.0 269,989 244,616 146,548 24,948 76 Virginia Beach City................... VA 808,886 61,932 377,236 369,718 100.0 7.7 46.6 45.7 863,097 749,676 441,474 77,781 19,010 

See notes at end of table.

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. 

1Poverty is defined based on the number of persons and related children in the family and their income. For information onpoverty thresholds for 2008, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/thresh08.html. 2Current expenditure per pupil based on fall enrollment collected through the “School District Finance Survey (Form F-33),”2007–08.3Fiscal year 2010 Department of Education funds available for spending by school districts beginning with the 2010–11school year divided by number of poverty children in 2008.

4Includes other expenditures not shown separately.5Data included under Modesto City Elementary.NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. ISD = independendent school district.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaDistrict Finance Survey (Form F-33),” 2007–08, and “Local Education AgencDepartment of Education budget data. (This table was prepared October 2010

Bellevue..................................... WA 197,505 8,820 98,664 90,021 100.0 4.5 50.0 45.6 256,091 159,389 99,380 81,241 11,358 Bethel........................................ WA 177,013 10,948 117,133 48,932 100.0 6.2 66.2 27.6 195,179 151,951 85,558 33,944 8,046 Edmonds................................... WA 223,129 11,829 126,002 85,298 100.0 5.3 56.5 38.2 261,787 183,145 110,636 63,579 13,628 Everett....................................... WA 211,280 13,250 119,970 78,060 100.0 6.3 56.8 36.9 228,408 170,357 103,985 43,861 13,043 Evergreen (Clark)..................... WA 250,658 14,653 169,468 66,537 100.0 5.8 67.6 26.5 249,174 217,582 130,774 18,995 11,057 

Federal Way.............................. WA 213,539 15,437 138,134 59,968 100.0 7.2 64.7 28.1 211,618 190,192 117,862 14,768 6,228 Highline ..................................... WA 202,700 16,443 111,898 74,359 100.0 8.1 55.2 36.7 270,543 166,391 96,814 87,334 15,939 Issaquah.................................... WA 185,945 4,802 95,579 85,564 100.0 2.6 51.4 46.0 169,446 134,128 81,131 17,850 14,619 

Kennewick................................. WA 143,282 9,928 101,823 31,531 100.0 6.9 71.1 22.0 133,405 124,918 79,829 6,546 1,760 Kent ........................................... WA 272,614 17,645 162,446 92,523 100.0 6.5 59.6 33.9 281,151 236,524 141,287 34,777 9,149 Lake Washington...................... WA 253,035 9,078 139,532 104,425 100.0 3.6 55.1 41.3 256,381 196,109 122,541 44,597 13,183 Northshore................................ WA 220,984 8,042 124,240 88,702 100.0 3.6 56.2 40.1 233,606 175,417 107,197 42,415 15,024 Puyallup..................................... WA 228,029 8,312 150,295 69,422 100.0 3.6 65.9 30.4 258,226 182,907 109,400 61,648 12,910 

Seattle ....................................... WA 607,155 46,909 300,501 259,745 100.0 7.7 49.5 42.8 648,122 483,577 275,237 144,338 19,091 Spokane.................................... WA 333,666 32,385 222,895 78,386 100.0 9.7 66.8 23.5 355,363 276,290 168,335 65,859 5,883 Tacoma...................................... WA 356,539 36,665 193,732 126,142 100.0 10.3 54.3 35.4 370,863 298,938 182,169 55,451 16,166 

Vancouver................................. WA 221,088 18,744 141,369 60,975 100.0 8.5 63.9 27.6 213,497 195,958 115,912 8,944 7,119 Berkeley County Schools......... WV 166,571 13,544 89,542 63,485 100.0 8.1 53.8 38.1 166,712 159,174 95,132 4,763 1,094 Kanawha County Schools....... WV 301,889 35,495 157,544 108,850 100.0 11.8 52.2 36.1 308,295 279,643 169,971 18,911 508 Appleton Area........................... WI 168,204 9,299 94,876 64,029 100.0 5.5 56.4 38.1 164,563 154,265 98,341 4,028 3,022 Green Bay Area........................ WI 235,834 18,364 138,418 79,052 100.0 7.8 58.7 33.5 231,997 217,946 136,310 5,782 3,415 Kenosha.................................... WI 261,426 18,324 152,919 90,183 100.0 7.0 58.5 34.5 264,287 241,010 155,180 16,630 4,852 Madison Metropolitan............... WI 344,752 20,817 84,704 239,231 100.0 6.0 24.6 69.4 347,601 311,149 183,482 15,408 5,534 Milwaukee................................. WI 1,187,218 186,192 707,164 293,862 100.0 15.7 59.6 24.8 1,180,778 1,103,006 628,732 25,549 8,807 

Racine....................................... WI 238,083 19,291 150,031 68,761 100.0 8.1 63.0 28.9 236,164 223,489 139,767 6,227 2,173 

Table 95. Revenues, expenditures, poverty rate, and Title I allocations of public school districts enrolling more than 15,000 students: 2007–08 and fiscal year 20Name of district State

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 

(in thousands of dollars) Percentage distribution of revenues, 2007–08 Expenditures, 2007–08 (in thousands of dollars) 

y

Total Federal State Local Total Federal State Local Total4

Current expenditures

Capital outlay

Interest on

Total Instruction school debt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 96. Enrollment, poverty, and federal funds for the 100 largest school districts, by enrollment size in 2008: Fall 2008, 2007–08, and federal fiscal year 2010Name of district State

Rank

order

Enrollment, fall

2008

5- to 17-

year-old

population,

2008

5- to 17-

year-olds

in poverty,

20081

Poverty

rate of

5- to 17-

year-olds,

20081

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 Revenue for selected federal programs (in thousands), 2007–08 Title 

Total (in

thousands)

Federal (in

thousands)

Federal as

a percent

of total

Federal

revenue

per

student3

Title I

basic and

concentration

grants

School

lunch

Vocational

education

Drug-free

schools

Eisenhower

math and

science

Special

education To

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 New York City ..................... NY 1 981,690 1,338,402 353,193 26.4 $19,885,693 $1,785,145 9.0 $1,803 $811,796 $304,526 $5,880 $10,558 — $273,494 $862,7Los Angeles Unified............ CA 2 687,534 822,138 196,104 23.9 9,551,053 1,053,853 11.0 1,519 438,643 138,622 54,221 6,331 $12,217 231,013 407,3

City of Chicago ................... IL 3 421,430 499,095 127,262 25.5 4,844,616 808,902 16.7 1,985 370,726 106,051 0 4,371 10,142 150,393 307,5

Dade ................................... FL 4 345,525 381,709 76,923 20.2 3,959,408 427,479 10.8 1,228 139,575 84,685 27,058 2,297 7,162 87,357 129,3Clark County....................... NV 5 312,761 343,613 43,732 12.7 3,111,868 196,022 6.3 634 56,191 41,893 13,082 2,838 4,491 52,100 68,24

Broward .............................. FL 6 256,351 295,941 41,416 14.0 2,874,695 233,523 8.1 902 63,420 50,164 11,046 1,136 3,849 51,098 66,6

Houston ISD ....................... TX 7 200,225 261,380 66,400 25.4 2,059,689 267,705 13.0 1,342 95,937 33,450 21,542 1,471 2,400 71,610 111,0Hillsborough........................ FL 8 192,007 205,610 34,333 16.7 2,068,665 247,129 11.9 1,279 48,754 40,472 8,001 851 3,233 48,534 54,9

Hawaii Department of 

Education........................ HI 9 179,478 198,036 18,001 9.1 2,541,703 310,732 12.2 1,727 52,171 56,136 1,850 2,343 4,772 36,813 42,5

Orange................................ FL 10 172,257 187,038 30,431 16.3 1,974,283 155,268 7.9 892 39,227 35,441 7,261 759 2,422 38,559 47,54

Palm Beach ........................ FL 11 170,757 189,017 26,621 14.1 2,183,132 138,401 6.3 810 41,562 37,622 — — 2,119 31,063 41,8

Fairfax County..................... VA 12 169,030 176,254 9,728 5.5 2,313,386 87,266 3.8 527 18,271 30,249 3,891 507 1,813 16,286 18,4

Philadelphia City................. PA 13 159,867 254,184 76,519 30.1 2,567,483 311,595 12.1 1,804 150,435 35 23,314 1,684 5,719 63,166 205,3

Dallas ISD........................... TX 14 157,352 200,864 58,463 29.1 1,613,014 216,482 13.4 1,372 82,137 30,936 11,424 978 1,650 60,506 94,4

Gwinnett County ................. GA 15 157,219 157,167 17,036 10.8 1,764,516 95,838 5.4 616 — — — — — 36,455 29,7Montgomery County ........... MD 16 139,282 162,629 9,861 6.1 2,604,887 93,751 3.6 681 25,932 27,013 4,853 516 1,500 16,424 20,9Wake County ...................... NC 17 138,443 156,819 15,917 10.1 1,264,960 68,546 5.4 513 — — — — — 16,750 23,72Charlotte-Mecklenburg ....... NC 18 135,064 163,227 20,827 12.8 1,345,133 105,771 7.9 808 — — — — — 34,413 31,9San Diego Unified............... CA 19 132,256 156,647 29,332 18.7 1,560,549 144,969 9.3 1,102 45,648 24,522 7,876 685 1,245 31,390 50,3

Prince George’s County...... MD 20 127,977 144,117 10,339 7.2 1,926,633 117,772 6.1 908 33,907 24,889 8,605 321 1,461 29,241 26,44Duval................................... FL 21 122,606 153,761 23,297 15.2 1,238,175 106,117 8.6 851 29,107 30,290 6,776 579 1,540 25,185 36,4

Memphis City...................... TN 22 111,954 132,351 37,295 28.2 1,119,814 160,100 14.3 1,388 57,532 26,247 — 1,412 4,663 39,533 62,2

Cobb County....................... GA 23 106,747 118,069 9,812 8.3 1,157,791 66,790 5.8 622 — — — — — 15,495 16,5Pinellas ............................... FL 24 106,061 125,883 17,952 14.3 1,211,026 94,072 7.8 872 26,598 28,189 5,089 582 1,687 19,196 27,6Baltimore County ................ MD 25 103,180 126,756 10,450 8.2 1,518,801 81,477 5.4 781 22,281 24,118 2,531 487 1,271 15,681 23,2

Cypress-Fairbanks ISD....... TX 26 100,685 74,402 8,664 11.6 792,371 43,607 5.5 450 4,577 15,224 1,479 199 480 16,089 11,9

DeKalb County ................... GA 27 99,775 115,790 26,297 22.7 1,245,461 83,281 6.7 831 — — — — — 31,726 47,2Jefferson County................. KY 28 98,774 121,614 22,379 18.4 1,087,693 114,025 10.5 1,189 — — — — — 25,430 39,5

Detroit City.......................... MI 29 97,577 195,127 74,702 38.3 1,317,526 168,009 12.8 1,557 101,497 — 10,840 435 3,847 27,954 180,4

Albuquerque ....................... NM 30 95,934 110,178 18,664 16.9 999,503 87,819 8.8 915 21,305 30,320 4,740 310 1,566 — 31,2Polk..................................... FL 31 94,657 98,331 19,514 19.8 1,250,657 82,891 6.6 882 23,262 17,942 3,793 352 1,376 25,866 30,1

Northside ISD ..................... TX 32 89,000 79,646 13,023 16.4 766,936 57,934 7.6 672 11,707 16,471 2,333 274 683 18,536 19,2

Fulton County ..................... GA 33 88,299 102,456 12,524 12.2 1,068,153 45,181 4.2 524 — — — — — 16,295 21,4Long Beach Unified ............ CA 34 87,509 99,358 24,528 24.7 914,366 130,977 14.3 1,485 43,302 14,876 6,398 1,258 1,528 24,946 41,3

Jefferson County................. CO 35 85,946 88,777 7,128 8.0 858,375 40,484 4.7 470 9,323 15,711 2,782 255 494 7,366 11,3

Milwaukee........................... WI 36 85,381 120,070 32,164 26.8 1,187,218 186,192 15.7 2,145 83,298 25,255 — — 1,993 28,549 83,5

Austin ISD........................... TX 37 83,483 109,075 20,870 19.1 970,089 85,664 8.8 1,038 26,335 16,010 4,272 396 1,096 22,618 31,3

Baltimore City ..................... MD 38 82,266 107,221 24,121 22.5 1,397,983 162,776 11.6 2,003 75,330 25,846 8,753 970 2,224 24,553 62,1

Jordan................................. UT 39 81,485 88,370 5,460 6.2 635,282 45,641 7.2 533 4,851 14,229 2,696 189 735 9,057 6,8

Lee...................................... FL 40 79,434 86,504 12,788 14.8 980,391 67,054 6.8 833 15,084 14,405 — 298 1,101 17,426 19,0

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Fort Worth ISD.................... TX 41 79,285 103,306 23,241 22.5 725,234 96,921 13.4 1,229 31,580 17,134 4,652 389 1,365 23,066 35,0Fresno Unified .................... CA 42 76,621 86,072 29,559 34.3 838,633 123,361 14.7 1,613 59,071 14,459 9,023 609 2,223 27,931 50,6Davidson County ................ TN 43 74,312 102,500 24,124 23.5 740,835 78,816 10.6 1,069 23,811 16,518 — — 1,770 21,708 37,1

Denver ................................ CO 44 74,189 96,151 23,825 24.8 861,239 93,657 10.9 1,282 32,935 15,564 4,978 562 1,523 17,401 41,32

Prince William County ........ VA 45 73,917 72,504 4,852 6.7 878,492 34,356 3.9 471 5,787 11,684 712 231 148 10,215 7,44

Anne Arundel County ......... MD 46 73,653 88,704 5,161 5.8 1,003,238 45,951 4.6 626 10,548 15,732 2,423 231 792 6,669 9,72Brevard ............................... FL 47 73,098 78,630 10,311 13.1 747,371 51,979 7.0 699 13,072 15,536 — 292 677 11,511 15,0

Guilford County................... NC 48 72,951 80,004 13,851 17.3 716,338 67,308 9.4 949 — — — — — 19,710 20,3

Virginia Beach City ............. VA 49 71,554 78,936 7,045 8.9 808,886 61,932 7.7 855 11,194 15,163 2,722 270 1,156 9,004 12,7

Greenville 01....................... SC 50 70,441 78,170 12,542 16.0 684,420 55,081 8.0 793 17,619 16,646 2,774 285 1,181 13,712 21,7

Mesa Unified....................... AZ 51 70,346 105,686 17,323 16.4 635,243 55,855 8.8 765 16,823 10,974 3,147 447 834 15,512 26,7

Granite................................ UT 52 70,166 80,047 8,421 10.5 505,372 58,887 11.7 775 10,257 13,095 2,710 177 692 12,680 12,3Fort Bend ISD..................... TX 53 68,708 73,664 6,111 8.3 571,456 29,488 5.2 434 4,968 11,661 1,406 175 434 7,754 7,5Pasco.................................. FL 54 66,784 71,282 10,677 15.0 713,902 55,039 7.7 830 12,997 15,186 2,635 262 657 13,991 15,6

Davis................................... UT 55 66,614 65,832 4,588 7.0 485,031 40,386 8.3 574 2,587 10,397 1,522 146 633 8,746 5,5

Washoe County .................. NV 56 65,421 69,949 9,874 14.1 618,949 45,021 7.3 686 11,387 10,485 761 168 729 9,628 13,8

Seminole............................. FL 57 64,927 68,594 6,737 9.8 633,500 40,109 6.3 613 9,844 13,295 2,290 231 615 10,161 9,3

North East ISD ................... TX 58 63,452 65,622 9,577 14.6 661,970 33,815 5.1 544 5,492 11,539 1,662 185 508 10,761 13,5

Arlington ISD ...................... TX 59 63,045 75,668 11,481 15.2 537,280 49,128 9.1 782 12,212 12,815 2,042 219 689 15,856 16,3

Volusia ................................ FL 60 63,018 70,473 11,596 16.5 713,726 51,040 7.2 791 14,847 14,085 3,416 292 1,113 12,964 18,6

Mobile County..................... AL 61 62,531 77,114 19,149 24.8 618,181 75,127 12.2 1,167 27,963 18,366 4,519 741 1,954 20,174 29,9

El Paso ISD ........................ TX 62 62,322 64,810 21,765 33.6 583,899 87,626 15.0 1,411 34,036 12,478 5,349 401 1,095 19,154 34,3Alpine.................................. UT 63 62,281 70,922 4,814 6.8 428,596 35,566 8.3 557 4,093 7,599 1,447 134 642 6,989 5,9

Elk Grove Unified................ CA 64 62,172 52,133 7,376 14.1 596,705 39,960 6.7 641 9,168 9,356 1,777 275 493 12,035 12,12

Aldine ISD........................... TX 65 61,526 58,281 15,987 27.4 559,919 68,093 12.2 1,133 17,053 10,771 3,683 294 764 25,110 23,6Chesterfield County ............ VA 66 59,080 56,042 3,891 6.9 609,461 24,364 4.0 413 4,422 10,275 1,120 143 635 4,628 5,8Douglas County .................. CO 67 58,723 58,226 1,505 2.6 515,086 11,217 2.2 212 728 7,011 631 66 153 1,624 1,0Garland ISD........................ TX 68 57,510 58,767 10,901 18.5 482,310 38,863 8.1 680 6,590 12,505 1,712 121 492 12,042 15,3Santa Ana Unified............... CA 69 57,439 63,643 12,588 19.8 564,867 69,466 12.3 1,217 22,937 10,765 5,856 623 571 20,256 19,8Tucson Unified .................... AZ 70 57,391 85,561 17,720 20.7 545,561 63,503 11.6 1,070 22,679 10,363 4,157 1,106 1,463 13,983 27,8

Loudoun County ................. VA 71 56,894 59,990 1,833 3.1 814,891 19,645 2.4 364 1,644 10,723 585 51 369 3,376 1,4Katy ISD ............................. TX 72 56,862 40,153 3,930 9.8 508,389 20,328 4.0 374 874 8,984 628 84 182 6,385 4,5

Boston ................................ MA 73 55,923 82,611 19,320 23.4 1,313,368 91,360 7.0 1,627 36,145 18,709 — — 1,522 11,760 50,6

Knox County ....................... TN 74 55,535 68,503 10,082 14.7 487,605 43,208 8.9 793 13,841 12,727 — 318 1,624 9,899 14,5

San Francisco Unified......... CA 75 55,183 76,471 10,283 13.4 668,282 69,870 10.5 1,269 19,559 — 4,485 341 443 11,744 16,04San Bernardino City Unified CA 76 54,727 59,206 18,367 31.0 797,791 73,382 9.2 1,294 31,779 10,363 3,792 520 743 19,298 30,64

San Antonio ISD ................. TX 77 54,696 71,440 22,593 31.6 541,408 91,324 16.9 1,667 30,495 12,267 6,295 510 1,204 24,835 35,0

Cumberland County............ NC 78 54,288 55,921 10,957 19.6 458,835 60,684 13.2 1,158 — — — — — 15,356 16,2

Plano ISD ........................... TX 79 54,203 84,005 5,170 6.2 611,837 21,894 3.6 408 2,267 10,054 1,198 148 295 5,084 6,0

Columbus City .................... OH 80 53,536 79,543 20,698 26.0 910,711 130,197 14.3 2,356 — 14,067 — 379 1,661 19,317 48,4

See notes at end of table.

Table 96. Enrollment, poverty, and federal funds for the 100 largest school districts, by enrollment size in 2008: Fall 2008, 2007–08, and federal fiscal year 2010—Name of district State

Rank

order

Enrollment, fall

2008

5- to 17-

year-old

population,

2008

5- to 17-

year-olds

in poverty,

20081

Poverty

rate of

5- to 17-

year-olds,

20081

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 Revenue for selected federal programs (in thousands), 2007–08 Title 

Total (in

thousands)

Federal (in

thousands)

Federal as

a percent

of total

Federal

revenue

per

student3

Title I

basic and

concentration

grants

School

lunch

Vocational

education

Drug-free

schools

Eisenhower

math and

science

Special

education To

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available.

1Poverty is defined based on the number of persons and related children in the family and their income. For information on poverty

thresholds for 2008, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/threshld/thresh08.html.

2Fiscal year 2010 Department of Education funds available for spending by school districts in the 2010–11 school year.3Federal revenue per student is based on fall enrollment collected through the “School District Finance Survey (Form F-33).”

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. ISD = independent schSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticFinance Survey (Form F-33),” 2007–08, and “Local Education Agency Universe SEducation budget data. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Forsyth County ................... NC 81 52,906 59,062 11,026 18.7 505,580 45,335 9.0 891 — — — — — 12,348 15,8Capistrano Unified .............. CA 82 52,681 56,470 3,679 6.5 453,589 23,800 5.2 454 3,688 8,330 1,146 61 224 3,629 4,42Corona-Norco Unified......... CA 83 52,138 46,821 5,159 11.0 476,836 26,997 5.7 526 3,452 7,766 1,052 112 194 9,195 6,5Osceola .............................. FL 84 51,941 48,095 8,276 17.2 628,244 44,158 7.0 837 9,454 9,273 — 274 642 13,715 11,8

Pasadena ISD..................... TX 85 51,578 50,964 11,033 21.6 464,800 45,440 9.8 895 11,341 7,578 2,367 223 532 16,788 15,7

Cherry Creek ...................... CO 86 51,199 45,466 3,111 6.8 493,657 19,321 3.9 382 3,459 7,819 977 125 249 5,308 4,6Lewisville ISD ..................... TX 87 50,216 61,955 2,747 4.4 495,986 21,186 4.3 427 1,968 8,587 732 118 312 5,310 1,6Cleveland Municipal............ OH 88 49,952 84,742 29,020 34.2 922,544 127,424 13.8 2,406 0 21,632 — 645 3,284 18,518 65,3

Howard County................... MD 89 49,905 51,698 2,107 4.1 805,247 20,014 2.5 404 3,149 8,987 1,370 85 457 2,778 1,8Clayton County ................... GA 90 49,508 57,618 10,816 18.8 567,961 55,651 9.8 1,056 — — — — — 19,656 18,1

Atlanta ................................ GA 91 49,032 83,574 21,622 25.9 869,896 88,718 10.2 1,775 — — — — — 17,611 39,8

Henrico County .................. VA 92 48,991 50,547 5,142 10.2 474,941 25,736 5.4 529 5,131 10,365 1,288 104 541 5,919 7,9Anchorage .......................... Ak 93 48,837 51,307 3,898 7.6 650,738 61,866 9.5 1,266 13,337 9,985 4,817 395 1,085 9,086 11,7

Brownsville ISD .................. TX 94 48,587 43,889 19,847 45.2 473,510 78,215 16.5 1,602 28,316 8,875 4,403 375 697 24,284 30,9

Garden Grove Unified......... CA 95 48,574 54,514 9,504 17.4 468,369 41,967 9.0 862 13,232 8,340 2,339 243 410 13,750 14,7

Sacramento City Unified..... CA 96 48,155 64,377 13,188 20.5 545,693 78,196 14.3 1,614 26,190 13,899 5,727 322 634 13,485 22,0

Omaha................................ NE 97 48,014 61,851 10,032 16.2 545,674 88,496 16.2 1,853 18,837 11,808 2,983 290 475 14,327 22,6

Conroe ISD......................... TX 98 47,996 49,129 5,111 10.4 409,899 24,562 6.0 528 5,268 8,970 1,378 141 370 6,132 6,0

Shelby County .................... TN 99 47,448 43,792 3,753 8.6 367,604 20,894 5.7 445 2,407 10,408 — — 439 5,809 4,8Wichita................................ KS 100 47,260 59,331 9,947 16.8 562,916 58,078 10.3 1,241 21,190 — — 429 — 13,561 21,8

Table 96. Enrollment, poverty, and federal funds for the 100 largest school districts, by enrollment size in 2008: Fall 2008, 2007–08, and federal fiscal year 2010—Name of district State

Rank

order

Enrollment, fall

2008

5- to 17-

year-old

population,

2008

5- to 17-

year-olds

in poverty,

20081

Poverty

rate of

5- to 17-

year-olds,

20081

Revenues by source of funds, 2007–08 Revenue for selected federal programs (in thousands), 2007–08 Title 

Total (in

thousands)

Federal (in

thousands)

Federal as

a percent

of total

Federal

revenue

per

student3

Title I

basic and

concentration

grants

School

lunch

Vocational

education

Drug-free

schools

Eisenhower

math and

science

Special

education To

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
162 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not reported by grade span.

2Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or lower and ending with grade 9 or above.

3Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8. 

4Includes schools with grade spans beginning with 4, 5, or 6 and ending with 6, 7, or 8.

5Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. 

6Includes schools with grades 7 and 8 or grades 7 through 9. 

7Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

8Because of revision in data collection procedures, figures not comparable to data for other

years.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems, 1967–68 and 1975–76; Statistics of Public Elementary and

Secondary Day Schools, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1974–75, and 1976–77 through 1980–81;

and Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,” 1982–83 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 97. Public elementary and secondary schools, by type of school: Selected years, 1967–68 through 2008–09

Year

Total, all

public

schools

Schools with reported grade spans 

Other

schools1 Total

Elementary schools Secondary schools Combined

elementary/

secondary

schools2 Total3

Middle

schools4

Oneteacher

schools

Other

elementary

schools Total5

Junior

high6

3-year or 4-

year high

schools

5-year or 6-

year high

schools

Other

secondary

schools

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1967–68......................... — 94,197 67,186 — 4,146 63,040 23,318 7,437 10,751 4,650 480 3,693 —

1970–71......................... — 89,372 64,020 2,080 1,815 60,125 23,572 7,750 11,265 3,887 670 1,780 —

1972–73......................... — 88,864 62,942 2,308 1,475 59,159 23,919 7,878 11,550 3,962 529 2,003 —

1974–75......................... — 87,456 61,759 3,224 1,247 57,288 23,837 7,690 11,480 4,122 545 1,860 —

1975–76......................... 88,597 87,034 61,704 3,916 1,166 56,622 23,792 7,521 11,572 4,113 586 1,538 1,563

1976–77......................... — 86,501 61,123 4,180 1,111 55,832 23,857 7,434 11,658 4,130 635 1,521 —

1978–79......................... — 84,816 60,312 5,879 1,056 53,377 22,834 6,282 11,410 4,429 713 1,670 —

1980–81......................... 85,982 83,688 59,326 6,003 921 52,402 22,619 5,890 10,758 4,193 1,778 1,743 2,294

1982–83......................... 84,740 82,039 58,051 6,875 798 50,378 22,383 5,948 11,678 4,067 690 1,605 2,701

1983–84......................... 84,178 81,418 57,471 6,885 838 49,748 22,336 5,936 11,670 4,046 684 1,611 2,760

1984–85......................... 84,007 81,147 57,231 6,893 825 49,513 22,320 5,916 11,671 4,021 712 1,596 2,860

1986–877 ....................... 83,421 82,316 58,835 7,483 763 50,589 21,505 5,109 11,430 4,196 770 1,976 1,105 8

1987–88......................... 83,248 81,416 57,575 7,641 729 49,205 21,662 4,900 11,279 4,048 1,435 2,179 1,832 8

1988–89......................... 83,165 81,579 57,941 7,957 583 49,401 21,403 4,687 11,350 3,994 1,372 2,235 1,586 8

1989–90......................... 83,425 81,880 58,419 8,272 630 49,517 21,181 4,512 11,492 3,812 1,365 2,280 1,545 8

1990–91......................... 84,538 82,475 59,015 8,545 617 49,853 21,135 4,561 11,537 3,723 1,314 2,325 2,063

1991–92......................... 84,578 82,506 59,258 8,829 569 49,860 20,767 4,298 11,528 3,699 1,242 2,481 2,072

1992–93......................... 84,497 82,896 59,676 9,152 430 50,094 20,671 4,115 11,651 3,613 1,292 2,549 1,601

1993–94......................... 85,393 83,431 60,052 9,573 442 50,037 20,705 3,970 11,858 3,595 1,282 2,674 1,962

1994–95......................... 86,221 84,476 60,808 9,954 458 50,396 20,904 3,859 12,058 3,628 1,359 2,764 1,745

1995–96......................... 87,125 84,958 61,165 10,205 474 50,486 20,997 3,743 12,168 3,621 1,465 2,796 2,167

1996–97......................... 88,223 86,092 61,805 10,499 487 50,819 21,307 3,707 12,424 3,614 1,562 2,980 2,131

1997–98......................... 89,508 87,541 62,739 10,944 476 51,319 21,682 3,599 12,734 3,611 1,738 3,120 1,967

1998–99......................... 90,874 89,259 63,462 11,202 463 51,797 22,076 3,607 13,457 3,707 1,305 3,721 1,615

1999–2000..................... 92,012 90,538 64,131 11,521 423 52,187 22,365 3,566 13,914 3,686 1,199 4,042 1,474

2000–01......................... 93,273 91,691 64,601 11,696 411 52,494 21,994 3,318 13,793 3,974 909 5,096 1,582

2001–02......................... 94,112 92,696 65,228 11,983 408 52,837 22,180 3,285 14,070 3,917 908 5,288 1,416

2002–03......................... 95,615 93,869 65,718 12,174 366 53,178 22,599 3,263 14,330 4,017 989 5,552 1,746

2003–04......................... 95,726 93,977 65,758 12,341 376 53,041 22,782 3,251 14,595 3,840 1,096 5,437 1,749

2004–05......................... 96,513 95,001 65,984 12,530 338 53,116 23,445 3,250 14,854 3,945 1,396 5,572 1,512

2005–06......................... 97,382 95,731 66,026 12,545 326 53,155 23,998 3,249 15,103 3,910 1,736 5,707 1,651

2006–07......................... 98,793 96,362 66,458 12,773 313 53,372 23,920 3,112 15,043 4,048 1,717 5,984 2,431

2007–087 ....................... 98,916 97,654 67,112 13,014 288 53,810 24,643 3,117 16,146 3,981 1,399 5,899 1,262

2008–09......................... 98,706 97,119 67,148 13,060 237 53,851 24,348 3,037 16,246 3,761 1,304 5,623 1,587
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 163

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero.

1Totals differ from those reported in other tables because this table represents data

reported by schools rather than by states or school districts. Percentage distribution and

average enrollment calculations exclude data for schools not reporting enrollment.

2Includes elementary, secondary, combined elementary/secondary, and other schools.

3Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8. 

4Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. 

5Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and ending with grade 9 or above. 

6Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not reported by grade span.

7Excludes special education schools, vocational schools, and alternative schools.

8Data are for schools reporting their enrollment size. Enrollment data were available for

94,164 out of 98,793 schools in 2006–07, 94,775 out of 98,916 in 2007–08, and 94,820 out

of 98,706 in 2008–09. 

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 98. Number and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary schools and enrollment, by type and enrollment size of 

school: 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09

Enrollment size of school

Number and percentage distribution of schools, by type Enrollment totals and percentage distribution, by type of school1

Total2 Elementary3

Secondary4

Combined

elementary/

secondary5 Other6 Total2 Elementary3

Secondary4

Combined

elementary/

secondary5 Other6 All schools

Regular

schools7 All schools

Regular

schools7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2006–07

Total ................................... 98,793 66,458 23,920 19,152 5,984 2,431 49,065,594 31,273,476 16,068,448 15,549,702 1,672,583 51,087

Percent8 ..................... 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Under 100.......................... 10.71 5.92 18.00 9.29 36.67 60.16 0.94 0.63 1.10 0.64 4.88 16.36

100 to 199.......................... 9.60 8.40 11.10 10.20 17.81 17.89 2.75 2.68 2.27 1.84 7.97 18.99

200 to 299.......................... 11.53 12.59 8.62 8.79 11.05 6.78 5.58 6.73 3.02 2.69 8.41 12.25

300 to 399.......................... 13.75 16.22 8.07 8.89 7.40 7.59 9.24 12.01 3.96 3.79 7.91 19.24

400 to 499.......................... 13.44 16.53 6.07 6.85 6.86 3.52 11.57 15.66 3.83 3.75 9.45 11.30

500 to 599.......................... 10.98 13.30 5.78 6.53 4.62 1.63 11.53 15.37 4.45 4.37 7.79 6.29

600 to 699.......................... 8.20 9.63 5.21 6.04 3.52 0.27 10.17 13.14 4.75 4.78 7.03 1.22

700 to 799.......................... 5.60 6.40 4.04 4.66 2.45 0.81 8.01 10.08 4.24 4.26 5.63 4.23

800 to 999.......................... 6.62 6.74 7.09 8.23 3.46 0.27 11.27 12.59 8.94 9.03 9.42 1.72

1,000 to 1,499.................... 5.67 3.80 11.68 13.59 3.61 1.08 13.01 9.32 20.16 20.42 13.45 8.39

1,500 to 1,999.................... 2.10 0.38 7.32 8.64 1.34 0.00 6.93 1.35 17.78 18.25 7.14 0.00

2,000 to 2,999.................... 1.48 0.08 5.74 6.77 0.84 0.00 6.71 0.38 19.11 19.61 6.08 0.00

3,000 or more .................... 0.34 0.01 1.29 1.52 0.39 0.00 2.29 0.04 6.41 6.57 4.83 0.00

Average enrollment8 .......... 521 473 711 818 325 138 521 473 711 818 325 138

2007–08

Total ................................... 98,916 67,112 24,643 19,371 5,899 1,262 48,910,025 31,225,474 16,184,724 15,680,507 1,472,248 27,579

Percent8 ..................... 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Under 100.......................... 10.90 5.98 18.41 9.25 39.82 54.68 0.97 0.64 1.14 0.64 5.77 14.22

100 to 199.......................... 9.53 8.38 11.16 10.06 16.65 23.65 2.76 2.70 2.32 1.82 8.25 24.31

200 to 299.......................... 11.55 12.69 8.51 8.75 10.34 9.85 5.63 6.85 2.99 2.67 8.62 18.09

300 to 399.......................... 13.86 16.35 8.08 8.95 7.68 5.42 9.41 12.22 3.99 3.82 9.14 14.84

400 to 499.......................... 13.64 16.69 6.32 7.23 7.01 4.93 11.84 15.95 4.01 3.96 10.69 16.10

500 to 599.......................... 11.10 13.45 5.80 6.62 4.76 0.49 11.77 15.67 4.52 4.46 8.91 2.11

600 to 699.......................... 8.13 9.56 5.02 5.85 3.79 0.49 10.19 13.17 4.63 4.66 8.43 2.48

700 to 799.......................... 5.60 6.44 3.92 4.58 2.44 0.00 8.10 10.24 4.15 4.19 6.26 0.00

800 to 999.......................... 6.40 6.50 6.93 8.16 2.92 0.00 11.00 12.25 8.81 8.95 8.84 0.00

1,000 to 1,499.................... 5.44 3.53 11.56 13.57 3.02 0.00 12.61 8.72 20.16 20.43 12.28 0.00

1,500 to 1,999.................... 2.10 0.33 7.52 8.93 0.77 0.00 6.99 1.17 18.46 18.94 4.49 0.00

2,000 to 2,999.................... 1.42 0.08 5.52 6.56 0.54 0.49 6.51 0.38 18.53 19.00 4.35 7.85

3,000 or more .................... 0.32 # 1.26 1.49 0.26 0.00 2.22 0.03 6.29 6.44 3.97 0.00

Average enrollment8 .......... 516 469 704 816 292 136 516 469 704 816 292 136

2008–09

Total ................................... 98,706 67,148 24,348 19,349 5,623 1,587 49,053,786 31,446,040 16,055,123 15,568,281 1,520,246 32,377

Percent8 ..................... 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Under 100.......................... 10.51 5.88 17.76 9.18 38.56 44.26 0.94 0.63 1.11 0.64 5.33 8.45

100 to 199.......................... 9.53 8.30 11.42 10.50 17.27 14.75 2.76 2.68 2.38 1.92 8.12 12.18

200 to 299.......................... 11.42 12.46 8.62 8.81 10.00 16.94 5.56 6.71 3.04 2.72 7.91 23.68

300 to 399.......................... 13.76 16.20 7.89 8.69 7.76 13.11 9.31 12.08 3.88 3.73 8.79 26.30

400 to 499.......................... 13.86 16.87 6.60 7.46 6.72 8.20 12.00 16.09 4.19 4.13 9.73 20.36

500 to 599.......................... 11.30 13.67 5.78 6.60 5.06 1.64 11.95 15.90 4.51 4.49 9.04 5.20

600 to 699.......................... 8.33 9.78 5.14 5.90 3.60 1.09 10.40 13.44 4.73 4.74 7.59 3.84

700 to 799.......................... 5.74 6.53 4.09 4.72 2.79 0.00 8.27 10.36 4.35 4.38 6.77 0.00

800 to 999.......................... 6.42 6.50 6.98 8.09 3.08 0.00 11.00 12.20 8.87 8.98 8.82 0.00

1,000 to 1,499.................... 5.39 3.43 11.66 13.55 3.20 0.00 12.49 8.47 20.40 20.69 12.43 0.00

1,500 to 1,999.................... 2.03 0.31 7.33 8.59 1.01 0.00 6.78 1.08 18.05 18.46 5.58 0.00

2,000 to 2,999.................... 1.41 0.06 5.57 6.55 0.51 0.00 6.45 0.31 18.72 19.24 4.00 0.00

3,000 or more .................... 0.31 0.01 1.17 1.37 0.43 0.00 2.11 0.06 5.77 5.88 5.90 0.00

Average enrollment8 .......... 517 470 704 807 308 177 517 470 704 807 308 177
164 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Includes elementary, secondary, combined elementary/secondary, and other schools.

2Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8. 

3Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. 

4Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and ending with grade 9 or above.

5Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not reported by grade span.

6Excludes special education schools, vocational schools, and alternative schools.

7Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

NOTE: Data reflect reports by schools rather than by states or school districts. Percentage

distribution and average enrollment calculations exclude data for schools not reporting

enrollment. Enrollment data were available for 94,820 out of 98,706 schools in 2008–09.

Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

1982–83 through 2008–09. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 99. Average enrollment and percentage distribution of public elementary and secondary schools, by type and size: Selected years, 

1982–83 through 2008–09

Year

Average enrollment in schools, by type Percentage distribution of schools, by enrollment size

Total1 Elementary2

Secondary3

Combined

elementary/

secondary4 Other5 Under 200 200 to 299 300 to 399 400 to 499 500 to 599 600 to 699 700 to 999

1,000

or more

All

schools

Regular

schools6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1982–83........................... 478 399 719 — 478 142 21.9 13.8 15.5 13.1 10.2 7.1 10.2 8.3

1983–84........................... 480 401 720 — 475 145 21.7 13.7 15.5 13.2 10.2 7.1 10.3 8.3

1984–85........................... 482 403 721 — 476 146 21.5 13.6 15.5 13.2 10.3 7.1 10.4 8.4

1986–877 ......................... 489 416 707 714 426 118 21.1 13.1 15.0 13.5 10.8 7.5 10.7 8.1

1987–88........................... 490 424 695 711 420 122 20.3 12.9 14.9 13.8 11.1 7.8 11.2 8.0

1988–89........................... 494 433 689 697 412 142 20.0 12.5 14.7 13.8 11.4 8.0 11.6 8.0

1989–90........................... 493 441 669 689 402 142 19.8 12.2 14.5 13.7 11.5 8.3 12.0 7.9

1990–91........................... 497 449 663 684 398 150 19.7 11.9 14.2 13.6 11.7 8.5 12.3 8.1

1991–92........................... 507 458 677 717 407 152 19.1 11.7 14.1 13.5 11.8 8.6 12.8 8.5

1992–93........................... 513 464 688 733 423 135 18.6 11.6 13.9 13.5 11.9 8.7 13.1 8.7

1993–94........................... 518 468 693 748 418 136 18.6 11.5 13.6 13.5 11.7 8.8 13.3 9.0

1994–95........................... 520 471 696 759 412 131 18.6 11.4 13.6 13.4 11.8 8.7 13.3 9.2

1995–96........................... 525 476 703 771 401 136 18.5 11.2 13.5 13.4 11.8 8.8 13.4 9.4

1996–97........................... 527 478 703 777 387 135 18.7 11.3 13.2 13.2 11.8 8.8 13.6 9.5

1997–98........................... 525 478 699 779 374 121 19.3 11.2 13.1 13.3 11.6 8.6 13.4 9.6

1998–99........................... 524 478 707 786 290 135 19.6 11.2 13.1 13.2 11.5 8.5 13.3 9.6

1999–2000....................... 521 477 706 785 282 123 20.0 11.3 13.3 13.2 11.2 8.4 13.1 9.5

2000–01........................... 519 477 714 795 274 136 20.4 11.4 13.2 13.3 11.0 8.2 12.9 9.6

2001–02........................... 520 477 718 807 270 138 20.5 11.5 13.3 13.1 10.9 8.1 12.7 9.7

2002–03........................... 519 476 720 813 265 136 20.7 11.6 13.4 13.0 10.9 8.1 12.4 9.8

2003–04........................... 521 476 722 816 269 142 20.7 11.6 13.5 13.2 10.8 8.0 12.3 9.9

2004–05........................... 521 474 713 815 298 143 20.7 11.6 13.5 13.2 10.8 8.1 12.2 9.9

2005–06........................... 521 473 709 819 318 128 20.7 11.5 13.6 13.2 11.0 8.1 12.2 9.8

2006–07........................... 521 473 711 818 325 138 20.3 11.5 13.8 13.4 11.0 8.2 12.2 9.6

2007–087 ......................... 516 469 704 816 292 136 20.4 11.5 13.9 13.6 11.1 8.1 12.0 9.3

2008–09........................... 517 470 704 807 308 177 20.0 11.4 13.8 13.9 11.3 8.3 12.2 9.1
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 1Includes schools that provide nontraditional education, address needs of students that typically cannot be met in regular schools,

serve as adjuncts to regular schools, or fall outside the categories of regular, special education, or vocational education. 2Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8. 

3Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. 

4Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and ending with grade 9 or ab5Magnet and charter schools are also included under regular, special education, SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistiondary School Universe Survey,” 1990–91 through 2008–09. (This table was pre

Schools and School Districts Table 100. Number and enrollment of public elementary and secondary schools, by school type, level, and charter and magnet status: Selected years, 1990–91 tSchool type, level, and charter and magnet status

Number of schools Enrollm

1990–91 1995–96 2000–01 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 1990–91 1995–96 2000–01 2005

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

Total, all schools..................................................... 84,538 87,125 93,273 97,382 98,793 98,916 98,706 41,141,366 44,681,987 47,060,714 48,912

School type

Regular ............................................................................... 80,395 80,971 85,422 87,585 88,273 88,274 88,801 40,599,943 43,885,130 46,194,730 47,957

Special education ............................................................... 1,932 1,992 2,008 2,128 2,325 2,267 2,289 209,145 209,653 174,577 222Vocational ........................................................................... 1,060 919 1,025 1,221 1,289 1,409 1,409 198,117 169,455 199,669 217

Alternative1.......................................................................... 1,151 3,243 4,818 6,448 6,906 6,966 6,207 134,161 417,749 491,738 514

School level and type

Elementary2 ........................................................................ 59,015 61,165 64,601 66,026 66,458 67,112 67,148 26,503,677 29,119,541 30,673,453 31,104

Regular ............................................................................ 58,440 60,318 63,674 64,996 65,232 65,721 65,999 26,400,740 28,998,350 30,582,610 31,003Special education............................................................. 419 484 496 508 545 583 538 58,204 58,958 42,127 49

Vocational......................................................................... 31 9 8 8 10 7 1 17,686 3,782 2,409 1

Alternative1....................................................................... 125 354 423 514 671 801 610 27,047 58,451 46,307 48

Secondary3 ......................................................................... 21,135 20,997 21,994 23,998 23,920 24,643 24,348 13,569,787 14,342,507 15,038,171 16,219

Regular ............................................................................ 19,459 18,090 18,456 19,252 19,152 19,371 19,349 13,313,097 13,940,501 14,567,969 15,685Special education............................................................. 165 234 219 368 365 375 325 11,913 17,810 12,607 42

Vocational......................................................................... 1,010 890 997 1,185 1,213 1,356 1,326 174,105 160,965 193,981 209

Alternative1....................................................................... 501 1,783 2,322 3,193 3,190 3,541 3,348 70,672 223,231 263,614 281

Combined elementary/secondary4...................................... 2,325 2,796 5,096 5,707 5,984 5,899 5,623 925,887 1,121,512 1,266,778 1,526

Regular ............................................................................ 1,784 1,851 2,780 3,121 3,058 2,786 2,793 855,814 938,496 1,007,368 1,263

Special education............................................................. 376 411 715 735 850 904 938 43,992 65,074 86,253 91

Vocational......................................................................... 19 20 20 28 66 46 82 6,326 4,708 3,279 6Alternative1....................................................................... 146 514 1,581 1,823 2,010 2,163 1,810 19,755 113,234 169,878 164

Other (not classified by grade span) ................................... 2,063 2,167 1,582 1,651 2,431 1,262 1,587 142,015 98,427 82,312 62

Regular ............................................................................ 712 712 512 216 831 396 660 30,292 7,783 36,783 4Special education............................................................. 972 863 578 517 565 405 488 95,036 67,811 33,590 38

Vocational......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alternative1....................................................................... 379 592 492 918 1,035 461 439 16,687 22,833 11,939 19

Charter status and level

All charter schools5 ............................................................. — — 1,993 3,780 4,132 4,388 4,694 — — 448,343 1,012

Elementary2 ..................................................................... — — 1,011 1,969 2,150 2,340 2,513 — — 249,101 532

Secondary3 ...................................................................... — — 467 1,057 1,110 1,218 1,255 — — 79,588 219

Combined elementary/secondary4................................... — — 448 704 762 803 865 — — 117,377 259

Other (not classified by grade span) ................................ — — 67 50 110 27 61 — — 2,277 1

Magnet status and level

All magnet schools5 ............................................................ — — 1,469 2,736 2,266 2,793 3,021 — — 1,213,976 2,103

Elementary2 ..................................................................... — — 1,111 1,994 1,666 2,015 2,193 — — 704,763 1,186

Secondary3 ...................................................................... — — 328 643 510 688 728 — — 484,684 869

Combined elementary/secondary4................................... — — 29 80 81 83 92 — — 24,529 47

Other (not classified by grade span) ................................ — — 1 19 9 7 8 — — 0 
166 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

1Includes data for two or more races reported by Alaska, California, Massachusetts, New Jersey,

and Vermont.

NOTE: Data reflect racial/ethnic data reported by schools. Because some schools do not report

complete racial/ethnic data, totals may differ from figures in other tables. Excludes 1995 data for

Idaho and 2000 data for Tennessee because racial/ethnic data were not reported. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common

Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,” 1995–96,

2000–01, and 2008–09. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 101. Public elementary and secondary school students, by racial/ethnic enrollment concentration of school: Fall 1995, fall 2000, and 

fall 2008

Racial/ethnic group

Distribution of students in racial/ethnic group, by percent 

combined Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and 

American Indian/Alaska Native students in the school 

Distribution of students in each racial/ethnic group, 

by percent of that racial/ethnic group in the school

Total

Less

than 10

percent

10 to 24

percent

25 to 49

percent

50 to 74

percent

75 to 89

percent

90 percent

or more Total

Less than

10 percent

of group

10 to 24

percent of

group

25 to 49

percent of

group

50 to 74

percent of

group

75 to 89

percent of

group

90 percent

or more of

group

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

 Total students enrolled, 

1995........................... 44,424,467 14,508,573 8,182,484 8,261,110 5,467,784 2,876,302 5,128,214 † † † † † † †

White............................ 28,736,961 13,939,633 6,812,196 5,246,785 2,094,440 499,884 144,023 28,736,961 143,787 498,649 2,084,689 5,244,015 6,813,804 13,952,017

Total, selected groups .. 15,687,506 568,940 1,370,288 3,014,325 3,373,344 2,376,418 4,984,191 † † † † † † †

Black ........................ 7,510,678 198,386 598,716 1,588,850 1,622,448 941,335 2,560,943 7,510,678 657,403 1,119,556 1,873,303 1,386,802 811,898 1,661,716

Hispanic ................... 6,016,293 174,140 415,761 932,949 1,289,184 1,099,109 2,105,150 6,016,293 646,364 847,792 1,359,649 1,360,020 874,878 927,590

Asian/Pacific Islander 1,656,787 142,886 259,335 367,888 379,110 297,680 209,888 1,656,787 703,101 435,495 301,984 135,001 67,558 13,648

American Indian/

Alaska Native ..... 503,748 53,528 96,476 124,638 82,602 38,294 108,210 503,748 223,244 75,019 63,070 39,200 15,084 88,131

Total students enrolled, 

2000........................... 46,120,425 12,761,478 8,736,252 8,760,300 6,013,131 3,472,083 6,377,181 † † † † † † †

White............................ 28,146,613 12,218,862 7,271,285 5,566,681 2,303,106 596,478 190,201 28,146,613 189,779 595,137 2,294,232 5,556,108 7,279,301 12,232,056

Total, selected groups .. 17,973,812 542,616 1,464,967 3,193,619 3,710,025 2,875,605 6,186,980 † † † † † † †

Black ........................ 7,854,032 178,185 561,488 1,485,130 1,652,393 1,043,907 2,932,929 7,854,032 735,459 1,199,865 1,899,982 1,366,363 871,399 1,780,964

Hispanic ................... 7,649,728 181,685 505,612 1,121,809 1,542,982 1,432,639 2,865,001 7,649,728 738,509 1,054,396 1,696,944 1,739,038 1,134,466 1,286,375

Asian/Pacific Islander 1,924,875 132,813 295,437 441,769 423,175 353,395 278,286 1,924,875 799,220 524,279 331,576 171,739 81,461 16,600

American Indian/

Alaska Native ..... 545,177 49,933 102,430 144,911 91,475 45,664 110,764 545,177 251,983 81,119 75,831 39,944 15,363 80,937

Total students enrolled, 

2008........................... 48,566,678 9,335,142 9,062,421 10,269,626 7,178,472 4,447,648 8,273,369 † † † † † † †

White............................ 26,655,206 8,872,938 7,530,519 6,498,016 2,724,852 761,614 267,267 26,655,206 263,040 741,385 2,654,942 6,427,654 7,599,841 8,968,344

Total, selected groups .. 21,911,472 462,204 1,531,902 3,771,610 4,453,620 3,686,034 8,006,102 † † † † † † †

Black ........................ 8,225,299 144,078 527,106 1,462,655 1,718,729 1,207,549 3,165,182 8,225,299 876,408 1,444,408 1,980,487 1,403,984 871,014 1,648,998

Hispanic ................... 10,439,072 174,124 578,299 1,470,129 1,994,543 1,940,422 4,281,555 10,439,072 863,435 1,409,966 2,203,867 2,430,896 1,713,221 1,817,687

Asian/Pacific Islander 2,419,695 101,577 315,230 601,718 548,823 443,063 409,284 2,419,695 974,599 676,841 404,394 235,263 106,117 22,481

American Indian/

Alaska Native ..... 583,384 37,501 92,030 163,862 115,046 52,760 122,185 583,384 275,483 80,815 90,654 38,370 20,669 77,393

Other1....................... 244,022 4,924 19,237 73,246 76,479 42,240 27,896 † † † † † † †

Percent of students 

enrolled, 1995........... 100.0 32.7 18.4 18.6 12.3 6.5 11.5 † † † † † † †

White............................ 100.0 48.5 23.7 18.3 7.3 1.7 0.5 100.0 0.5 1.7 7.3 18.2 23.7 48.6

Total, selected groups .. 100.0 3.6 8.7 19.2 21.5 15.1 31.8 † † † † † † †

Black ........................ 100.0 2.6 8.0 21.2 21.6 12.5 34.1 100.0 8.8 14.9 24.9 18.5 10.8 22.1

Hispanic ................... 100.0 2.9 6.9 15.5 21.4 18.3 35.0 100.0 10.7 14.1 22.6 22.6 14.5 15.4

Asian/Pacific Islander 100.0 8.6 15.7 22.2 22.9 18.0 12.7 100.0 42.4 26.3 18.2 8.1 4.1 0.8

American Indian/

Alaska Native ..... 100.0 10.6 19.2 24.7 16.4 7.6 21.5 100.0 44.3 14.9 12.5 7.8 3.0 17.5

Percent of students 

enrolled, 2000........... 100.0 27.7 18.9 19.0 13.0 7.5 13.8 † † † † † † †

White............................ 100.0 43.4 25.8 19.8 8.2 2.1 0.7 100.0 0.7 2.1 8.2 19.7 25.9 43.5

Total, selected groups .. 100.0 3.0 8.2 17.8 20.6 16.0 34.4 † † † † † † †

Black ........................ 100.0 2.3 7.1 18.9 21.0 13.3 37.3 100.0 9.4 15.3 24.2 17.4 11.1 22.7

Hispanic ................... 100.0 2.4 6.6 14.7 20.2 18.7 37.5 100.0 9.7 13.8 22.2 22.7 14.8 16.8

Asian/Pacific Islander 100.0 6.9 15.3 23.0 22.0 18.4 14.5 100.0 41.5 27.2 17.2 8.9 4.2 0.9

American Indian/

Alaska Native ..... 100.0 9.2 18.8 26.6 16.8 8.4 20.3 100.0 46.2 14.9 13.9 7.3 2.8 14.8

Percent of students 

enrolled, 2008........... 100.0 19.2 18.7 21.1 14.8 9.2 17.0 † † † † † † †

White............................ 100.0 33.3 28.3 24.4 10.2 2.9 1.0 100.0 1.0 2.8 10.0 24.1 28.5 33.6

Total, selected groups .. 100.0 2.1 7.0 17.2 20.3 16.8 36.5 † † † † † † †

Black ........................ 100.0 1.8 6.4 17.8 20.9 14.7 38.5 100.0 10.7 17.6 24.1 17.1 10.6 20.0

Hispanic ................... 100.0 1.7 5.5 14.1 19.1 18.6 41.0 100.0 8.3 13.5 21.1 23.3 16.4 17.4

Asian/Pacific Islander 100.0 4.2 13.0 24.9 22.7 18.3 16.9 100.0 40.3 28.0 16.7 9.7 4.4 0.9

American Indian/

Alaska Native ..... 100.0 6.4 15.8 28.1 19.7 9.0 20.9 100.0 47.2 13.9 15.5 6.6 3.5 13.3
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 167

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8. 

2Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. 

3Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and ending with grade 9 or above. 

4Includes schools not reported by grade span. 

5Schools are also included under elementary, secondary, combined, or other as appropriate.

NOTE: DoD = Department of Defense. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

1990–91, 2000–01, and 2008–09. (This table was prepared July 2010.) 

Table 102. Public elementary and secondary schools, by type and state or jurisdiction: 1990–91, 2000–01, and 2008–09

State or jurisdiction

Total, all

schools,

1990–91

Total, all

schools,

2000–01

Schools by level, 2008–09 Selected types of schools, 2008–09

Total, all

schools

Elementary1

Secondary2

Combined elementary/secondary3

Other4

Alternative5Special

education5 Charter5

Oneteacher

schools5 Total

Prekindergarten,

kindergarten, or 1st

grade to

grade 12

Other

schools

ending

with

grade 12

Other

combined

schools

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States ......... 84,538 93,273 98,706 67,148 24,348 5,623 2,847 2,088 688 1,587 6,207 2,289 4,694 237

Alabama ......................... 1,297 1,517 1,605 951 395 147 105 36 6 112 116 41 0 1

Alaska............................. 498 515 507 188 86 233 215 14 4 0 51 2 24 7

Arizona ........................... 1,049 1,724 2,186 1,341 674 136 72 46 18 35 86 20 477 5

Arkansas......................... 1,098 1,138 1,129 721 388 13 2 7 4 7 12 4 32 0

California ........................ 7,913 8,773 10,029 6,939 2,535 538 439 87 12 17 1,357 145 751 47

Colorado ......................... 1,344 1,632 1,779 1,260 417 102 40 48 14 0 92 10 148 2

Connecticut..................... 985 1,248 1,150 827 259 25 6 10 9 39 48 48 18 0

Delaware......................... 173 191 240 149 47 43 30 10 3 1 33 19 18 0

District of Columbia ........ 181 198 230 167 37 16 6 5 5 10 13 10 90 0

Florida............................. 2,516 3,316 3,985 2,634 656 497 157 319 21 198 431 173 399 4

Georgia........................... 1,734 1,946 2,472 1,758 440 62 14 32 16 212 168 73 63 0

Hawaii............................. 235 261 290 210 52 26 22 2 2 2 1 3 31 0

Idaho............................... 582 673 735 435 232 64 38 16 10 4 84 11 31 12

Illinois.............................. 4,239 4,342 4,402 3,179 1,019 126 42 68 16 78 189 150 39 0

Indiana............................ 1,915 1,976 1,973 1,425 434 111 64 37 10 3 22 37 51 0

Iowa ................................ 1,588 1,534 1,490 1,013 434 43 5 38 0 0 59 8 9 4

Kansas............................ 1,477 1,430 1,428 965 389 62 32 24 6 12 1 10 35 1

Kentucky ......................... 1,400 1,526 1,531 986 478 60 18 36 6 7 159 11 0 0

Louisiana ........................ 1,533 1,530 1,643 984 313 191 118 64 9 155 173 202 88 0

Maine.............................. 747 714 663 500 149 14 9 5 0 0 2 1 0 3

Maryland......................... 1,220 1,383 1,457 1,121 270 44 19 14 11 22 66 39 34 1

Massachusetts................ 1,842 1,905 1,855 1,439 368 39 11 23 5 9 19 26 61 1

Michigan ......................... 3,313 3,998 4,078 2,551 1,133 292 178 95 19 102 334 317 283 7

Minnesota ....................... 1,590 2,362 2,263 1,275 818 170 88 65 17 0 326 271 174 0

Mississippi ...................... 972 1,030 1,077 620 335 114 64 49 1 8 62 4 1 0

Missouri .......................... 2,199 2,368 2,423 1,574 658 168 79 82 7 23 101 66 41 0

Montana.......................... 900 879 830 478 352 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 0 61

Nebraska ........................ 1,506 1,326 1,122 728 310 49 45 3 1 35 5 36 0 18

Nevada ........................... 354 511 617 448 105 64 13 36 15 0 30 7 30 11

New Hampshire .............. 439 526 492 384 105 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 15 1

New Jersey ..................... 2,272 2,410 2,588 1,951 485 85 16 66 3 67 108 74 62 0

New Mexico .................... 681 765 853 596 224 20 9 8 3 13 38 6 67 3

New York......................... 4,010 4,336 4,690 3,301 1,063 217 84 99 34 109 28 47 115 1

North Carolina ................ 1,955 2,207 2,548 1,830 519 134 44 57 33 65 88 33 96 0

North Dakota .................. 663 579 525 303 187 0 0 0 0 35 0 34 0 5

Ohio ................................ 3,731 3,916 3,852 2,620 1,006 213 44 69 100 13 9 61 326 0

Oklahoma ....................... 1,880 1,821 1,796 1,231 562 3 0 3 0 0 5 4 16 0

Oregon............................ 1,199 1,273 1,304 922 307 69 47 16 6 6 40 3 87 11

Pennsylvania................... 3,260 3,252 3,248 2,300 826 110 55 36 19 12 13 12 127 0

Rhode Island .................. 309 328 327 241 80 6 3 3 0 0 15 3 11 0

South Carolina................ 1,097 1,127 1,211 895 276 26 9 15 2 14 23 10 36 2

South Dakota.................. 802 769 721 433 249 18 6 12 0 21 27 7 0 8

Tennessee ...................... 1,543 1,624 1,755 1,312 359 66 34 27 5 18 26 19 14 1

Texas .............................. 5,991 7,519 8,530 5,767 2,092 632 277 222 133 39 1,076 20 499 1

Utah ................................ 714 793 1,029 621 354 50 21 11 18 4 93 81 67 4

Vermont .......................... 397 393 328 239 72 17 11 6 0 0 1 0 0 1

Virginia............................ 1,811 1,969 2,009 1,513 389 45 34 8 3 62 107 5 4 0

Washington..................... 1,936 2,305 2,321 1,450 568 295 145 81 69 8 320 106 0 3

West Virginia................... 1,015 840 762 571 125 66 46 15 5 0 28 6 0 0

Wisconsin ....................... 2,018 2,182 2,268 1,564 618 81 21 57 3 5 92 9 221 0

Wyoming......................... 415 393 360 238 99 21 10 6 5 2 25 3 3 11

Bureau of Indian 

Education.................. — 189 173 107 20 45 40 3 2 1 0 0 0 —

DoD, domestic ................ — 71 67 57 7 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

DoD, overseas ................ — 156 125 83 27 12 9 3 0 3 0 0 0 0

Other jurisdictions 

American Samoa ........ 30 31 31 24 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

Guam .......................... 35 38 36 32 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Northern Marianas...... 26 29 31 23 600002100 0

Puerto Rico................. 1,619 1,543 1,511 906 401 179 3 5 171 25 9 27 0 0

U.S. Virgin Islands....... 33 36 33 23 9 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
168 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Excludes special education and alternative schools. 

2Average for schools reporting enrollment data. Enrollment data were available for 66,906

out of 67,148 public elementary schools in 2008–09. 

NOTE: Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8.

Excludes schools not reported by grade level, such as some special education schools for

the disabled. DoD = Department of Defense.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

2008–09. (This table was prepared July 2010.) 

Table 103. Public elementary schools, by grade span, average school size, and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09

State or jurisdiction

Total, all

elementary

schools

Total, all

regular

elementary

schools1

Schools, by grade span 

Average number of 

students per school2

Prekindergarten,

kindergarten,

or 1st grade to

grades 3 or 4

Prekindergarten,

kindergarten,

or 1st grade to

grade 5

Prekindergarten,

kindergarten,

or 1st grade to

grade 6

Prekindergarten,

kindergarten,

or 1st grade to

grade 8

Grade 4, 5, or

6 to grade 6,

7, or 8

Other grade

spans

All elementary

schools

Regular

elementary

schools1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

United States ........................... 67,148 65,999 4,932 24,984 11,704 6,063 13,060 6,405 470 475

Alabama ........................................... 951 943 87 296 168 65 220 115 479 482

Alaska............................................... 188 187 1 32 103 17 19 16 329 329

Arizona ............................................. 1,341 1,317 55 267 336 423 190 70 522 526

Arkansas........................................... 721 719 127 145 182 9 156 102 417 418

California .......................................... 6,939 6,689 163 2,490 2,165 852 1,057 212 555 572

Colorado ........................................... 1,260 1,255 28 568 261 104 229 70 418 419

Connecticut....................................... 827 811 92 287 90 82 153 123 438 444

Delaware........................................... 149 145 23 62 10 6 38 10 539 548

District of Columbia .......................... 167 161 7 49 28 28 24 31 284 287

Florida............................................... 2,634 2,565 21 1,628 157 142 572 114 673 690

Georgia............................................. 1,758 1,757 31 1,048 39 19 451 170 663 664

Hawaii............................................... 210 209 1 78 93 8 27 3 531 534

Idaho................................................. 435 432 39 135 145 25 72 19 381 382

Illinois................................................ 3,179 3,142 303 806 340 689 571 470 444 444

Indiana.............................................. 1,425 1,421 144 542 340 36 273 90 462 463

Iowa .................................................. 1,013 1,010 124 327 182 14 226 140 303 303

Kansas.............................................. 965 962 93 298 224 90 186 74 312 312

Kentucky ........................................... 986 969 30 488 124 78 201 65 457 464

Louisiana .......................................... 984 920 81 327 124 122 210 120 459 468

Maine................................................ 500 499 61 82 91 110 91 65 244 245

Maryland........................................... 1,121 1,110 16 637 122 63 219 64 499 502

Massachusetts.................................. 1,439 1,423 194 487 135 99 295 229 435 436

Michigan ........................................... 2,551 2,479 229 963 305 196 514 344 399 402

Minnesota ......................................... 1,275 1,128 112 327 355 73 225 183 402 438

Mississippi ........................................ 620 619 66 117 133 41 137 126 496 497

Missouri ............................................ 1,574 1,564 143 462 325 116 299 229 371 373

Montana............................................ 478 475 19 53 216 112 52 26 174 175

Nebraska .......................................... 728 723 0 0 548 64 85 31 253 254

Nevada ............................................. 448 442 8 236 90 21 77 16 630 639

New Hampshire ................................ 384 384 57 112 39 47 80 49 335 335

New Jersey ....................................... 1,951 1,936 283 553 154 291 365 305 463 466

New Mexico ...................................... 596 585 22 229 139 19 127 60 356 361

New York........................................... 3,301 3,301 271 1,297 402 199 749 383 524 524

North Carolina .................................. 1,830 1,821 68 1,068 61 117 426 90 541 543

North Dakota .................................... 303 302 10 58 134 62 26 13 189 190

Ohio .................................................. 2,620 2,594 334 717 434 223 521 391 414 417

Oklahoma ......................................... 1,231 1,227 67 385 104 302 244 129 363 364

Oregon.............................................. 922 918 40 398 166 112 177 29 385 386

Pennsylvania..................................... 2,300 2,299 271 760 451 182 430 206 460 460

Rhode Island .................................... 241 240 22 87 53 4 40 35 376 377

South Carolina.................................. 895 892 43 454 53 27 230 88 545 547

South Dakota.................................... 433 431 14 126 87 99 91 16 193 194

Tennessee ........................................ 1,312 1,303 176 491 81 185 290 89 499 503

Texas ................................................ 5,767 5,617 592 2,555 552 117 1,310 641 551 562

Utah .................................................. 621 585 6 94 411 23 38 49 539 561

Vermont ............................................ 239 239 10 31 108 63 17 10 220 220

Virginia.............................................. 1,513 1,510 55 847 148 9 316 138 540 541

Washington....................................... 1,450 1,376 47 558 400 72 242 131 426 440

West Virginia..................................... 571 569 81 265 34 38 117 36 339 340

Wisconsin ......................................... 1,564 1,557 141 606 177 153 314 173 358 359

Wyoming........................................... 238 237 24 56 85 15 41 17 218 218

Bureau of Indian Education .............. 107 107 6 5 23 67 4 2 196 196

DoD, domestic .................................. 57 57 15 15 5 2 10 10 408 408

DoD, overseas .................................. 83 83 5 26 22 8 17 5 468 468

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .......................... 24 24 1 0 0 21 1 1 — —

Guam............................................ 32 32 024 0 7 0 1— —

Northern Marianas........................ 23 23 0 2 10 0 2 9 282 282

Puerto Rico................................... 906 905 54 9 795 2 26 20 256 256

U.S. Virgin Islands......................... 23 23 1 0 21 0 1 0 367 367
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 169

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Excludes vocational, special education, and alternative schools.

2Vocational schools are also included under appropriate grade span. 

3Average for schools reporting enrollment data. Enrollment data were available for 22,793

out of 24,348 public secondary schools in 2008–09.

NOTE: Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. Excludes schools not reported by

grade level, such as some special education schools for the disabled. DoD = Department

of Defense.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey,”

2008–09. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 104. Public secondary schools, by grade span, average school size, and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09

State or jurisdiction

Total, all

secondary

schools

Total, all

regular

secondary

schools1

Schools, by grade span 

Vocational

schools2

Average number of 

students per school3

Grades

7 to 8 and

7 to 9

Grades

7 to 12

Grades

8 to 12

Grades

9 to 12

Grades

10 to 12

Other spans

ending with

grade 12

Other grade

spans

All

secondary

schools

Regular

secondary

schools1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ............ 24,348 19,349 3,037 3,104 657 15,518 728 374 930 1,409 704 807

Alabama ............................ 395 311 36 65 11 254 21 1 7 73 689 712

Alaska................................ 86 67 16 19 2 47 2 0 0 3 475 571

Arizona .............................. 674 470 80 34 7 531 9 4 9 172 610 734

Arkansas............................ 388 355 57 128 8 141 34 1 19 24 474 485

California ........................... 2,535 1,547 375 314 19 1,767 26 15 19 76 904 1,352

Colorado ............................ 417 352 61 55 2 284 7 2 6 5 605 689

Connecticut........................ 259 193 34 14 5 179 17 7 3 17 746 931

Delaware............................ 47 32 5 1 27 14 0 0 0 6 965 1,021

District of Columbia ........... 37 27 0 3 1 26 1 0 6 1 439 538

Florida................................ 656 475 19 54 22 494 12 20 35 53 1,224 1,558

Georgia.............................. 440 419 17 8 7 366 4 1 37 1 1,122 1,134

Hawaii................................ 52 51 11 8 0 33 0 0 0 0 1,187 1,208

Idaho.................................. 232 154 40 49 1 115 24 0 3 11 440 586

Illinois................................. 1,019 814 155 74 16 649 11 52 62 53 846 859

Indiana............................... 434 417 74 87 1 264 2 1 5 29 857 868

Iowa ................................... 434 377 49 76 0 291 9 4 5 0 396 443

Kansas............................... 389 385 56 76 5 244 6 0 2 1 423 425

Kentucky ............................ 478 246 29 50 19 301 9 12 58 126 598 826

Louisiana ........................... 313 258 40 48 77 119 18 0 11 6 630 712

Maine................................. 149 120 11 16 2 119 1 0 0 27 513 521

Maryland............................ 270 203 17 5 8 210 2 10 18 24 1,078 1,287

Massachusetts................... 368 318 36 36 4 291 0 1 0 39 858 876

Michigan ............................ 1,133 742 97 108 23 805 40 32 28 62 567 724

Minnesota .......................... 818 482 56 257 23 369 59 38 16 12 421 607

Mississippi ......................... 335 238 33 63 6 196 26 2 9 90 640 643

Missouri ............................. 658 579 71 184 3 350 18 12 20 63 540 545

Montana............................. 352 348 180 1 0 171 0 0 0 0 167 169

Nebraska ........................... 310 307 28 172 2 104 1 3 0 0 356 359

Nevada .............................. 105 91 16 15 19 46 1 5 3 1 921 1,019

New Hampshire ................. 105 105 17 0 0 84 1 0 3 0 661 661

New Jersey ........................ 485 397 57 36 10 351 15 6 10 55 973 1,100

New Mexico ....................... 224 197 41 20 3 143 8 0 9 1 514 557

New York............................ 1,063 1,010 75 131 10 756 21 1 69 28 837 837

North Carolina ................... 519 481 23 13 5 408 6 6 58 10 836 884

North Dakota ..................... 187 179 12 98 1 63 3 1 9 7 209 210

Ohio ................................... 1,006 924 132 137 80 611 9 11 26 72 657 674

Oklahoma .......................... 562 557 80 0 0 427 39 3 13 0 350 352

Oregon............................... 307 277 29 46 15 206 6 2 3 0 603 657

Pennsylvania...................... 826 730 106 154 11 458 63 8 26 87 841 854

Rhode Island ..................... 80 57 12 3 1 62 1 0 1 10 739 833

South Carolina................... 276 226 26 10 2 213 16 3 6 39 975 983

South Dakota..................... 249 241 74 1 0 174 0 0 0 0 170 173

Tennessee ......................... 359 322 26 24 13 265 12 10 9 21 855 908

Texas ................................. 2,092 1,504 317 176 81 1,187 46 41 244 0 704 943

Utah ................................... 354 241 101 52 8 77 76 19 21 6 687 887

Vermont ............................. 72 56 8 19 0 30 0 0 15 15 565 575

Virginia............................... 389 345 33 6 36 305 4 0 5 32 1,173 1,189

Washington........................ 568 384 80 70 54 320 23 11 10 12 651 878

West Virginia...................... 125 108 2 18 4 94 0 2 5 31 637 732

Wisconsin .......................... 618 549 66 57 1 444 16 27 7 8 493 541

Wyoming............................ 99 81 21 13 2 60 3 0 0 0 318 375

Bureau of Indian Education... 20 20 1 6 1 12 0 0 0 0 324 324

DoD, domestic ................... 7 7 2 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 472 472

DoD, overseas ................... 27 27 0 12 0 15 0 0 0 0 475 475

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... 6 5 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 1 — —

Guam ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — —

Northern Marianas......... 6 6 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 724 724

Puerto Rico.................... 401 369 194 29 0 3 161 1 13 29 505 495

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 9 8 4 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 890 890
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Schools and School DistrictsTable 105. Number and enrollment of traditional public and public charter elementary and secondary schools and percentages of students, teachers, and schoo

2007–08

Selected characteristic

Total elementary and secondary schools Elementary schools Secondary schools 

Total, all

schools

Traditional

(noncharter)

schools

Public charter

schools Total, all schools

Traditional

(noncharter)

schools

Public charter

schools Total, all schools

Traditional

(noncharter)

schools

Public charter

schools Total, 

1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Enrollment (in thousands).......................... 48,480 (696.9) 47,432 (670.6) 1,047 (122.4) 29,813 (442.2) 29,194 (436.3) 619 (92.7) 16,742 (502.4) 16,513 (486.8) 229 ! (108.6) 1,925 

Percentage distribution of studentsRace/ethnicity ............................................ 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

White...................................................... 57.8 (0.74) 58.2 (0.75) 41.0 (4.92) 55.8 (0.96) 56.2 (0.99) 35.9 (6.19) 60.1 (1.29) 60.3 (1.24) 43.5 (11.22) 69.5 

Black ...................................................... 16.0 (0.42) 15.7 (0.42) 29.0 (4.70) 16.2 (0.56) 15.8 (0.55) 36.1 (5.84) 15.9 (0.77) 15.8 (0.70) ‡ (†) 12.7 

Hispanic ................................................. 20.4 (0.69) 20.3 (0.72) 23.8 (2.42) 22.1 (0.90) 22.1 (0.92) 21.6 (3.21) 18.2 (1.21) 18.0 (1.23) 31.5 (5.56) 12.6 

Asian/Pacific Islander............................. 4.4 (0.26) 4.4 (0.27) 3.8 (0.66) 4.5 (0.32) 4.5 (0.33) 3.8 (1.00) 4.7 (0.43) 4.7 (0.45) 3.5 ! (1.71) 1.6 

American Indian/Alaska Native.............. 1.4 (0.07) 1.4 (0.07) 2.3 (0.56) 1.4 (0.11) 1.4 (0.11) 2.6 ! (0.93) 1.2 (0.12) 1.2 (0.13) 1.5 ! (0.73) 3.6 

Number of teachers (in thousands) ........... 3,405 (44.0) 3,332 (42.7) 72 (7.7) 2,148 (31.5) 2,106 (31.0) 42 (5.8) 1,100 (26.2) 1,083 (26.1) 17 (4.0) 157 

Percentage distribution of teachersRace/ethnicity ............................................ 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

White...................................................... 83.1 (0.53) 83.3 (0.51) 72.9 (3.11) 82.7 (0.81) 82.9 (0.81) 71.9 (3.84) 83.5 (0.97) 83.7 (1.01) 71.5 (5.28) 86.3 

Black ...................................................... 7.0 (0.45) 6.9 (0.45) 12.3 (2.67) 7.1 (0.53) 7.0 (0.53) 13.2 (2.54) 6.9 (0.63) 6.8 (0.66) ‡ (†) 7.2 

Hispanic ................................................. 7.1 (0.46) 7.0 (0.47) 9.3 (1.44) 7.5 (0.82) 7.5 (0.83) 9.9 (2.31) 6.8 (0.81) 6.7 (0.82) 12.0 (2.56) 3.0 

Asian...................................................... 1.2 (0.21) 1.2 (0.20) 2.6 ! (1.14) 1.2 (0.22) 1.2 (0.22) ‡ (†) 1.3 (0.34) 1.3 (0.33) 3.8 ! (1.89) ‡ Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander............ 0.2 (0.04) 0.2 (0.04) ‡ (†) 0.2 ! (0.06) 0.2 ! (0.06) ‡ (†) 0.2 ! (0.07) 0.2 ! (0.06) ‡ (†) ‡ American Indian/Alaska Native.............. 0.5 (0.06) 0.5 (0.06) ‡ (†) 0.4 (0.08) 0.5 (0.08) ‡ (†) 0.5 (0.07) 0.5 (0.07) ‡ (†) 1.1 

Two or more races ................................. 0.9 (0.09) 0.9 (0.09) 2.3 (0.51) 0.9 (0.13) 0.8 (0.13) 2.8 (0.82) 0.9 (0.11) 0.9 (0.12) ‡ (†) 1.5 

Years of full-time teaching experience ....... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 3 ............................................ 13.4 (0.59) 13.1 (0.61) 29.2 (2.14) 13.3 (0.79) 13.0 (0.79) 27.8 (2.74) 13.3 (0.46) 13.0 (0.47) 31.9 (5.59) 16.1 3 to 9...................................................... 33.6 (0.52) 33.3 (0.53) 44.9 (2.26) 33.9 (0.76) 33.6 (0.77) 46.6 (2.95) 33.5 (0.52) 33.4 (0.53) 41.4 (3.90) 29.5 

10 to 20.................................................. 29.3 (0.55) 29.5 (0.56) 17.7 (1.67) 29.2 (0.78) 29.4 (0.79) 17.4 (2.59) 29.2 (0.55) 29.4 (0.55) 18.4 (3.77) 30.9 More than 20.......................................... 23.7 (0.60) 24.1 (0.61) 8.2 (1.33) 23.6 (0.87) 23.9 (0.87) 8.2 (2.23) 24.0 (0.50) 24.2 (0.51) 8.3 (1.81) 23.6 

Number of schools..................................... 90,760 (546) 87,190 (508) 3,560 (138) 62,440 (519) 60,390 (496) 2,050 (300) 21,640 (486) 20,720 (399) 920 (268) 6,670 Percentage distribution of schoolsSize of enrollment...................................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 300 ........................................ 29.5 (1.00) 28.1 (1.01) 64.2 (4.66) 25.2 (1.28) 24.1 (1.23) 59.3 (6.68) 31.1 (2.24) 28.9 (2.15) 81.1 (7.61) 64.8 300 to 599.............................................. 40.0 (1.17) 40.6 (1.22) 25.8 (3.88) 48.5 (1.49) 49.2 (1.48) 29.2 (5.11) 20.5 (1.62) 20.8 (1.69) 14.8 ! (6.43) 23.5 600 to 999.............................................. 20.3 (0.79) 20.8 (0.79) 7.4 ! (2.41) 22.1 (1.04) 22.5 (1.06) 10.0 ! (4.48) 19.1 (1.18) 19.9 (1.23) ‡ (†) 7.4 1,000 or more ........................................ 10.2 (0.48) 10.5 (0.49) 2.7 ! (1.12) 4.2 (0.47) 4.3 (0.49) ‡ (†) 29.2 (1.47) 30.4 (1.46) ‡ (†) 4.2 

Percent of students who are Black, 

Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or American Indian/Alaska Native............ 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 10.0 ....................................... 27.9 (0.82) 28.7 (0.84) ‡ (†) 27.0 (1.10) 27.7 (1.11) ‡ (†) 29.3 (1.29) 30.2 (1.35) ‡ (†) 31.9 

10.0 to 24.9............................................ 17.9 (0.81) 17.9 (0.81) 17.0 ! (5.27) 18.0 (1.11) 18.1 (1.12) 15.7 ! (5.52) 18.1 (1.12) 18.4 (1.11) ‡ (†) 15.9 25.0 to 49.9............................................ 19.7 (0.92) 19.7 (0.92) 18.0 (4.69) 19.3 (1.19) 19.5 (1.20) 15.1 ! (5.56) 21.2 (1.53) 21.3 (1.54) 20.8 ! (9.56) 17.9 50.0 to 74.9............................................ 12.7 (0.74) 12.6 (0.75) 14.1 ! (4.88) 13.0 (0.99) 13.1 (1.01) 11.8 ! (4.24) 11.8 (1.26) 11.4 (1.12) 20.7 ! (10.27) 12.2 75.0 or more .......................................... 21.9 (0.92) 21.0 (0.94) 42.7 (6.30) 22.7 (1.24) 21.7 (1.28) 50.4 (6.91) 19.5 (1.54) 18.7 (1.54) 39.2 (10.18) 22.0 

Percent of students approved for free or 

reduced-price lunch program............... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

School does not participate ................... 4.8 (0.45) 4.0 (0.44) 24.5 (5.55) 2.2 (0.45) 1.7 (0.40) 16.2 ! (5.52) 9.7 (1.28) 8.5 (1.20) 35.8 ! (12.64) 13.1 0 to 25.0................................................. 26.9 (1.00) 27.6 (1.01) 9.9 ! (3.34) 26.8 (1.29) 27.4 (1.32) 9.4 ! (3.69) 31.8 (1.66) 32.7 (1.69) ‡ (†) 11.7 25.1 to 50.0............................................ 27.4 (0.97) 27.7 (0.99) 18.8 (4.32) 26.2 (1.22) 26.5 (1.28) 16.6 ! (6.16) 30.8 (1.45) 30.9 (1.33) 28.7 ! (9.82) 27.0 50.1 to 75.0............................................ 21.4 (0.75) 21.4 (0.76) 21.4 (4.98) 23.3 (1.02) 23.2 (1.03) 25.9 (6.56) 15.3 (1.30) 15.6 (1.30) ‡ (†) 23.1 

More than 75.0....................................... 19.6 (0.86) 19.4 (0.88) 25.5 (4.38) 21.5 (1.16) 21.2 (1.17) 31.9 (6.05) 12.4 (1.42) 12.2 (1.42) 16.6 ! (6.25) 25.1 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. !Interpret data with caution. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Entire school specifically for students who have been suspended or expelled, who have dropped out, or who have beenreferred for behavioral or adjustment problems.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may noerrors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatistSchool Questionnaire,” 2007–08 and “Public Teacher Questionnaire,” 2007–08

Percent of schools with selected 

programs and services

Programs with special instructional 

approaches ............................................ 17.6 (0.78) 16.9 (0.80) 36.3 (5.34) 12.3 (0.84) 11.6 (0.81) 33.6 (5.99) 27.7 (1.97) 27.2 (1.96) 37.3 ! (11.61) 34.9 

Talented or gifted program......................... 68.0 (0.86) 69.2 (0.88) 38.1 (6.62) 69.6 (1.11) 70.8 (1.12) 34.1 (6.47) 71.0 (1.76) 72.6 (1.72) 35.8 ! (10.99) 43.3 

Immersion in a foreign language program . 3.1 (0.40) 3.1 (0.42) 2.7 ! (1.29) 3.6 (0.56) 3.6 (0.58) ‡ (†) 2.4 (0.46) 2.5 (0.49) ‡ (†) 1.1 

Advanced Placement (AP) courses........... 17.8 (0.65) 17.9 (0.63) 15.9 ! (5.52) 1.7 ! (0.63) 1.8 ! (0.65) ‡ (†) 59.0 (1.80) 60.2 (1.82) 31.3 (8.04) 34.4 

International Baccalaureate....................... 1.5 (0.25) 1.6 (0.26) ‡ (†) 1.3 (0.32) 1.4 (0.33) ‡ (†) 2.4 (0.42) 2.5 (0.44) ‡ (†) ‡ Distance learning courses ......................... 13.9 (0.56) 13.8 (0.54) 16.4 ! (6.27) 2.7 (0.55) 2.6 (0.52) ‡ (†) 36.9 (1.48) 37.3 (1.39) 28.0 ! (11.74) 44.3 

Extended day program for students who 

need academic assistance .................... 52.4 (0.95) 52.1 (1.00) 60.2 (5.67) 54.2 (1.29) 53.8 (1.36) 67.0 (7.02) 49.9 (1.43) 49.9 (1.42) 50.6 (10.02) 43.3 

Before-school or after-school day care 

programs................................................ 36.0 (0.90) 35.4 (0.88) 48.5 (6.99) 47.8 (1.28) 47.2 (1.29) 65.5 (7.25) 8.1 (0.99) 7.5 (0.91) 20.0 ! (7.93) 16.0 

Magnet program ........................................ 6.3 (0.45) 6.1 (0.43) ‡ (†) 5.8 (0.54) 5.7 (0.55) ‡ (†) 8.3 (1.01) 8.0 (0.79) ‡ (†) 4.5 

Entire school is for suspended students1... 4.2 (0.45) 4.1 (0.44) 7.7 ! (3.79) 0.7 (0.18) 0.7 (0.18) ‡ (†) 8.0 (1.49) 7.6 (1.45) ‡ (†) 24.5 

Percent of schools with selected opportunities for students in grades 9–12Dual enrollment for high school and 

college credit.......................................... † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 69.3 (1.74) 69.6 (1.72) 62.9 (11.74) 52.9 

Career and technical education courses ... † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 86.0 (1.56) 87.4 (1.53) 57.1 (10.69) 70.4 Work-based learning or internships for 

course credit .......................................... † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 72.3 (1.63) 73.3 (1.71) 53.1 (10.33) 43.2 

Specialized career academy...................... † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 29.0 (1.46) 30.0 (1.51) ‡ (†) 8.9 

Table 105. Number and enrollment of traditional public and public charter elementary and secondary schools and percentages of students, teachers, and schoo

2007–08—Continued

Selected characteristic

Total elementary and secondary schools Elementary schools Secondary schools 

Total, all

schools

Traditional

(noncharter)

schools

Public charter

schools Total, all schools

Traditional

(noncharter)

schools

Public charter

schools Total, all schools

Traditional

(noncharter)

schools

Public charter

schools Total, 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
172 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Schools and School Districts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

#Rounds to zero.

1Excludes special education, vocational, and alternative schools; schools without enrollment data;

and schools offering only preprimary education.

2Data are based on the 99 percent of public schools with classrooms in permanent buildings.

3Data are based on the 33 percent of public schools with classrooms in portable (temporary) buildings.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Fast Response

Survey System (FRSS), “Public School Principals' Perceptions of Their School Facilities: Fall

2005,” FRSS 88, 2005, and unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared June 2007.)

†Not applicable. 

1Excludes special education, vocational, and alternative schools; schools without enrollment data;

and schools offering only preprimary education.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Fast

Response Survey System (FRSS), “Condition of America's Public School Facilities, 1999,” FRSS

73, 1999, and “Public School Principals' Perceptions of Their School Facilities: Fall 2005,” FRSS

88, 2005. (This table was prepared July 2007.)

Table 106. Percentage of public schools with permanent and portable (temporary) buildings and with environmental factors that interfere with 

instruction in classrooms, by selected school characteristics, type of factor, and extent of interference: 2005

Type of environmental factor and extent 

of interference with ability to deliver 

classroom instruction

 All public

schools1

Instructional level Size of school enrollment Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch

Elementary

Secondary/

combined Less than 350 350 to 699 700 or more

Less than 35

percent

35 to 49

percent

50 to 74

percent

75 percent or

more

1 234 5 67 8 9 10 11

Estimated number of schools ............... 80,910 (540) 61,590 (669) 19,320 (312) 27,300 (1,039) 32,710 (1,223) 20,900 (695) 32,880 (1,231) 13,400 (1,078) 18,620 (1,244) 16,010 (1,002)

Estimated enrollment (in thousands)........ 46,003 (457) 29,786 (457) 16,217 (195) 5,947 (331) 16,208 (605) 23,849 (699) 20,668 (721) 6,982 (531) 9,492 (721) 8,861 (670)

Percent of schools

With permanent buildings ..................... 99 (0.4) 99 (0.5) 99 (0.5) 99 (0.5) 99 (0.6) 99 (0.5) 99 (0.5) 100 (†) 99 (0.7) 98 (1.2)

With portable (temporary) buildings.............. 37 (1.9) 40 (2.5) 29 (1.9) 27 (3.1) 36 (2.9) 52 (2.8) 31 (2.9) 35 (4.6) 42 (3.3) 46 (3.9)

With portable classroom buildings.......... 33 (1.7) 35 (2.1) 28 (1.9) 21 (2.6) 33 (2.7) 49 (2.9) 27 (2.7) 31 (4.4) 38 (3.0) 43 (3.9)

With environmental factors that 

interfere with instruction to a 

moderate or major extent 

In permanent buildings2

Lighting, artificial ........................... 6 (0.9) 6 (1.1) 5 (1.0) 5 (2.0) 6 (1.4) 6 (1.4) 4 (1.2) 5 (2.7) 8 (2.0) 8 (2.0)

Lighting, natural............................. 6 (0.8) 5 (1.0) 7 (1.1) 6 (1.6) 6 (1.5) 4 (0.8) 6 (1.3) 4 (1.8) 8 (2.3) 4 (1.4)

Heating.......................................... 12 (1.3) 12 (1.5) 13 (1.8) 14 (2.4) 11 (1.9) 12 (2.0) 13 (2.1) 9 (2.4) 12 (2.7) 14 (2.2)

Air conditioning ............................. 16 (1.6) 16 (2.0) 17 (2.0) 16 (2.6) 16 (2.6) 17 (2.0) 19 (2.8) 11 (3.2) 15 (2.7) 16 (2.5)

Ventilation...................................... 12 (1.2) 11 (1.5) 12 (1.6) 11 (2.1) 12 (2.1) 12 (1.8) 12 (1.7) 10 (3.4) 12 (2.8) 13 (2.6)

Indoor air quality ........................... 9 (1.2) 9 (1.5) 9 (1.4) 8 (1.7) 11 (1.9) 9 (1.6) 10 (1.7) 6 (2.4) 10 (2.7) 10 (2.7)

Acoustics or noise control ............. 12 (1.1) 12 (1.4) 12 (1.5) 12 (2.3) 13 (2.0) 12 (1.6) 8 (1.3) 10 (2.8) 20 (3.3) 14 (2.9)

Physical condition of buildings ...... 10 (1.2) 10 (1.5) 12 (1.4) 10 (2.1) 11 (1.8) 10 (1.7) 9 (1.7) 7 (2.5) 14 (3.1) 13 (2.3)

Size or configuration of rooms ...... 13 (1.1) 13 (1.4) 13 (1.2) 14 (2.3) 12 (2.0) 13 (1.7) 14 (1.9) 8 (2.5) 14 (2.9) 12 (2.2)

In portable buildings3

Lighting, artificial ........................... 8 (1.5) 8 (1.9) 5 (1.9) 11 (4.5) 3 (1.9) 10 (2.7) 5 (2.6) # (†) 12 (4.3) 11 (3.5)

Lighting, natural............................. 9 (1.8) 9 (2.2) 9 (2.4) 11 (4.2) 5 (2.5) 12 (2.8) 7 (2.8) 2 (2.3) 14 (4.5) 11 (3.4)

Heating.......................................... 9 (1.7) 9 (2.0) 9 (2.4) 11 (4.5) 6 (2.3) 12 (2.7) 9 (3.1) 7 (3.7) 10 (3.5) 10 (3.6)

Air conditioning ............................. 11 (2.0) 11 (2.3) 11 (2.6) 15 (5.3) 6 (2.3) 14 (3.1) 8 (3.0) 10 (4.5) 14 (4.6) 13 (3.8)

Ventilation...................................... 14 (1.8) 14 (2.1) 12 (2.7) 20 (5.8) 8 (2.4) 16 (3.3) 10 (3.2) 8 (3.7) 19 (5.0) 17 (3.9)

Indoor air quality ........................... 12 (1.9) 11 (2.3) 13 (2.8) 12 (4.2) 9 (2.9) 14 (3.2) 8 (2.8) 7 (3.5) 16 (4.6) 14 (3.4)

Acoustics or noise control ............. 18 (2.1) 18 (2.5) 15 (2.8) 23 (4.8) 14 (3.4) 19 (3.4) 12 (3.8) 8 (3.8) 25 (5.1) 24 (4.3)

Physical condition of buildings ...... 13 (1.9) 14 (2.3) 13 (2.7) 15 (5.1) 12 (3.1) 15 (2.9) 10 (3.2) 3 (2.0) 18 (4.5) 20 (3.9)

Size or configuration of rooms ...... 16 (2.2) 16 (2.4) 16 (2.9) 15 (4.9) 16 (3.4) 18 (3.2) 9 (3.2) 15 (5.5) 16 (4.6) 26 (5.0)

Percentage distribution of schools

By extent to which environmental 

factors interfere with instruction

In permanent buildings2 .................... 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†)

Not at all........................................ 56 (1.6) 56 (1.9) 58 (2.7) 55 (2.8) 56 (3.1) 59 (2.9) 57 (2.7) 62 (4.4) 51 (3.6) 57 (3.2)

Minor extent .................................. 33 (1.4) 34 (1.7) 30 (2.4) 34 (2.8) 33 (2.6) 32 (2.7) 32 (2.8) 32 (4.2) 38 (2.9) 32 (3.1)

Moderate extent ............................ 9 (1.0) 9 (1.3) 10 (1.4) 10 (2.0) 10 (1.8) 7 (1.2) 10 (1.9) 6 (2.3) 10 (2.5) 8 (2.0)

Major extent .................................. 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.6) 2 (0.7) 1 (0.6) # (†) 1 (0.5) 3 (1.0)

In portable buildings3 ........................ 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†)

Not at all........................................ 55 (3.3) 55 (3.7) 58 (4.3) 58 (6.8) 56 (5.7) 53 (4.3) 61 (6.1) 58 (9.3) 54 (6.4) 49 (5.6)

Minor extent .................................. 30 (3.1) 31 (3.6) 27 (3.5) 19 (5.4) 34 (5.8) 32 (3.8) 27 (4.7) 34 (8.5) 30 (6.5) 32 (5.5)

Moderate extent ............................ 13 (2.1) 12 (2.4) 14 (2.6) 21 (6.0) 10 (3.0) 10 (2.7) 13 (3.6) 7 (3.7) 13 (4.4) 16 (4.5)

Major extent .................................. 2 (0.8) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.8) 1 (1.4) # (†) 5 (1.9) # (†) 1 (0.9) 4 (2.4) 3 (1.9)

Table 107. Percentage of public schools with enrollment under, at, or over capacity, by selected school characteristics: 1999 and 2005

School enrollment versus design capacity

 All public

schools1

Instructional level Size of school enrollment Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch

Elementary

Secondary/

combined

Less than

350 350 to 699 700 or more

Less than 35

percent

35 to 49

percent

50 to 74

percent

75 percent or

more

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

1999, total ............................................... 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†)

Underenrolled by more than 25 percent .......... 19 (1.5) 17 (1.7) 22 (2.5) 39 (4.0) 11 (2.0) 8 (1.7) 16 (2.0) 18 (3.1) 17 (4.1) 27 (4.4)

Underenrolled by 6 to 25 percent .................... 33 (1.7) 31 (2.1) 39 (2.9) 32 (3.8) 36 (2.4) 31 (2.8) 38 (2.6) 32 (4.6) 29 (4.6) 25 (4.5)

Enrollment within 5 percent of capacity ........... 26 (1.5) 28 (2.0) 20 (2.2) 16 (2.9) 34 (2.6) 25 (2.0) 25 (2.2) 26 (4.4) 32 (4.5) 23 (4.1)

Overenrolled by 6 to 25 percent ...................... 14 (1.2) 15 (1.5) 11 (1.8) 10 (2.4) 14 (2.0) 20 (1.8) 14 (2.1) 18 (3.6) 14 (3.3) 11 (3.0)

Overenrolled by more than 25 percent ............ 8 (0.9) 8 (1.1) 8 (1.6) 3 (1.3) 6 (1.3) 16 (2.4) 6 (1.2) 6 (1.8) 7 (2.4) 14 (3.4)

2005, total ............................................... 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 100 (†)

Underenrolled by more than 25 percent .......... 21 (1.4) 20 (1.7) 24 (2.6) 41 (3.3) 14 (1.7) 6 (1.4) 19 (2.6) 25 (4.6) 24 (2.7) 19 (3.0)

Underenrolled by 6 to 25 percent .................... 38 (1.8) 39 (2.1) 36 (2.6) 39 (3.4) 44 (2.9) 29 (2.4) 38 (2.7) 43 (4.0) 37 (2.8) 36 (4.1)

Enrollment within 5 percent of capacity ........... 22 (1.5) 23 (1.9) 21 (1.9) 14 (2.3) 27 (2.5) 26 (2.4) 27 (2.5) 19 (3.3) 18 (3.1) 22 (2.9)

Overenrolled by 6 to 25 percent ...................... 10 (1.0) 10 (1.4) 11 (1.2) 4 (1.1) 9 (1.9) 20 (2.1) 11 (1.8) 6 (2.0) 12 (2.6) 9 (1.6)

Overenrolled by more than 25 percent ............ 8 (1.0) 8 (1.3) 8 (1.0) 2 (0.9) 6 (1.4) 19 (2.5) 5 (1.0) 7 (2.3) 8 (2.2) 14 (2.9)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available†Not applicable. 1Data for combined schools are included in the totals and in analyses by other school characteristics, but are not shown separately.2Due to definitional changes for community type, estimates for years prior to 2005 may not be directly comparable with estimatesfor later years.3Free or reduced-price lunch information was obtained on the questionnaire and supplemented, if necessary, with data from theCommon Core of Data (CCD)4Includes computers used for instructional or administrative purposes.

5In 2008, instructional rooms included classrooms only and excluded computeinstructional rooms included classrooms, computer labs and other labs, library/mtional purposes.6Some data differ slightly (e.g., by 1 percent) from previously published figures.NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appeaSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisticnet Access in U.S. Public Schools and Classrooms: 1994–2005 and Educational unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Computers and Technology Table 108. Number and internet access of instructional computers and rooms in public schools, by selected school characteristics: Selected years, 1995 througInstructional 

computers and rooms, and access

All public

schools

Instructional level1 Size of school enrollment Community type2 Percent of stude

Elementary Secondary Less than 300 300 to 999 1,000 or more City Suburban Town Rural

Less than 35

percent 35 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Computers for instructional 

purposes

Number 

(in thousands)

19954...................... 5,621 (—) 3,453 (—) 2,021 (—) 850 (—) 3,600 (—) 1,171 (—) 1,497 (—) 1,526 (—) 1,404 (—) 1,195 (—) 2,905 (—) 

2000....................... 8,776 (174) 5,296 (149) 3,271 (113) 1,135 (73) 5,524 (121) 2,117 (103) 2,537 (179) 3,396 (213) 1,155 (132) 1,689 (131) 4,394 (147) 1,

2005....................... 12,672 (281) 7,701 (251) 4,783 (148) 1,566 (98) 7,966 (243) 3,139 (163) 3,132 (177) 4,058 (242) 1,819 (193) 3,663 (255) 5,352 (261) 2,

2008....................... 15,434 (193) 9,711 (159) 5,415 (125) 1,746 (68) 9,486 (144) 4,202 (130) 3,611 (155) 5,787 (255) 2,062 (159) 3,974 (180) 6,195 (174) 2,

Average number per school

19954...................... 72 (—) 60 (—) 112 (—) 41 (—) 72 (—) 164 (—) 84 (—) 83 (—) 72 (—) 54 (—) 78 (—) 

2000....................... 110 (2.0) 89 (2.4) 178 (5.3) 57 (3.1) 106 (2.3) 259 (9.0) 120 (4.9) 128 (4.3) 97 (5.6) 82 (3.6) 120 (3.4) 

2005....................... 154 (3.4) 124 (3.8) 253 (6.8) 75 (4.2) 149 (4.2) 388 (13.5) 165 (7.2) 170 (6.3) 154 (13.4) 132 (5.9) 166 (5.5) 

2008....................... 189 (2.9) 157 (2.8) 301 (6.5) 87 (3.4) 179 (2.9) 486 (10.4) 205 (7.5) 221 (6.1) 189 (8.0) 147 (4.2) 209 (5.6) 

Number with internet 

access (in thousands)

19954...................... 447 (—) 232 (—) 187 (—) 59 (—) 315 (—) 73 (—) 96 (—) 131 (—) 126 (—) 94 (—) 286 (—) 

2000....................... 6,759 (174) 3,813 (136) 2,779 (113) 882 (69) 4,191 (114) 1,686 (97) 1,782 (148) 2,688 (178) 955 (111) 1,335 (91) 3,608 (139) 1,

2005....................... 12,245 (274) 7,361 (246) 4,706 (151) 1,515 (98) 7,642 (239) 3,089 (162) 3,009 (173) 3,912 (238) 1,784 (193) 3,541 (239) 5,239 (259) 2,

2008....................... 15,162 (204) 9,508 (169) 5,356 (128) 1,710 (69) 9,308 (153) 4,144 (130) 3,517 (154) 5,716 (253) 2,028 (154) 3,901 (178) 6,131 (174) 2,

Percent with internet 

access

19954...................... 8 (—) 7 (—) 9 (—) 7 (—) 9 (—) 6 (—) 6 (—) 9 (—) 9 (—) 8 (—) 10 (—) 

2000....................... 77 (1.1) 72 (1.5) 85 (1.2) 78 (2.6) 76 (1.3) 80 (1.8) 70 (2.1) 79 (1.7) 83 (2.5) 79 (2.1) 82 (1.2) 2005....................... 97 (0.4) 96 (0.5) 98 (0.4) 97 (0.7) 96 (0.5) 98 (0.5) 96 (0.7) 96 (1.1) 98 (0.6) 97 (0.7) 98 (0.6) 2008....................... 98 (0.2) 98 (0.3) 99 (0.2) 98 (0.7) 98 (0.3) 99 (0.4) 97 (0.5) 99 (0.3) 98 (0.7) 98 (0.4) 99 (0.3) 

Ratio of students to 

instructional computers with internet access

2000....................... 6.6 (0.10) 7.8 (0.20) 5.2 (0.20) 3.9 (0.30) 7.0 (0.20) 7.2 (0.30) 8.2 (0.40) 6.6 (0.20) 6.2 (0.30) 5.0 (0.30) 6.0 (0.20) 

2005....................... 3.8 (0.10) 4.1 (0.10) 3.3 (0.10) 2.4 (0.10) 3.9 (0.10) 4.0 (0.10) 4.2 (0.20) 4.1 (0.10) 3.4 (0.20) 3.0 (0.10) 3.8 (0.10) 

2008....................... 3.1 (0.04) 3.2 (0.05) 2.9 (0.05) 2.2 (0.07) 3.2 (0.05) 3.2 (0.06) 3.4 (0.12) 3.2 (0.08) 2.7 (0.09) 2.9 (0.07) 3.1 (0.06) 

Instructional rooms5

Number 

(in thousands)

2000....................... 2,905 (35) 1,864 (28) 972 (24) 377 (22) 1,871 (23) 657 (23) 866 (56) 1,086 (61) 413 (47) 541 (39) 1,380 (46) 

2005....................... 3,283 (71) 2,152 (70) 1,078 (27) 426 (23) 2,152 (70) 705 (30) 849 (62) 1,050 (61) 439 (41) 945 (67) 1,339 (50) 

20085...................... 2,663 (21) 1,723 (20) 887 (15) 282 (9) 1,692 (20) 689 (18) 639 (26) 1,003 (35) 338 (24) 683 (28) 1,053 (27) 

Percent with internet 

access6

1995....................... 8 (0.7) 8 (1.0) 8 (1.0) 9 (1.6) 8 (1.0) 4 (1.0) 6 (1.3) 8 (1.4) 8 (2.0) 8 (1.5) 10 (1.2) 2000....................... 77 (1.1) 76 (1.5) 79 (1.6) 83 (2.8) 78 (1.5) 70 (2.2) 66 (2.2) 78 (2.0) 87 (2.6) 85 (1.7) 82 (1.5) 2005....................... 94 (1.3) 93 (1.9) 95 (0.9) 92 (1.9) 94 (1.9) 94 (1.5) 88 (3.7) 96 (0.8) 98 (0.7) 95 (1.8) 96 (0.8) 2008....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1Based on students regularly enrolled in the districts. Enrollments may include duplicated counts of students, since districts

were instructed to count a student enrolled in multiple courses for each course in which he or she was enrolled.

2Combined or ungraded schools are those in which the grades offered in the school span both elementary and secondary

grades or that are not divided into grade levels.NOTE: Percentages are based on unrounded numbers. Percentages are based on the estimated 89,310 and 89,610 publicschools in the nation in 2002–03 and 2004–05, respectively. For the 2002–03 FRSS study sample, there were 3 cases for

which district enrollment size was missing and 112 cases for which poverty FRSS study sample, there were 7 cases for which district enrollment size was centration was missing. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding or mpreviously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaTechnology-Based Distance Education Courses for Public Elementary and Setable was prepared May 2009.)

Table 109. Percentage of public school districts and schools with students enrolled in technology-based distance education courses and number of enrollments 

level and district characteristics: 2002–03 and 2004–05

District characteristic

Percent with students enrolled in technology-based distance education courses Number of enrollments in technology-ba

Districts

(all instructional

levels)

Schools

All instructional

levels

Elementary

schools

Middle o

high s

All instructional

levels

Elementary

schools

Middle or junior

high schools High schools

Combined or

ungraded schools2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

2002-03

Total.............................................. 36 (1.2) 9 (0.3) # (†) 4 (0.4) 38 (1.2) 20 (1.9) 317,070 (27,437) 2,780 ! (977) 6,390 

District enrollment size

Less than 2,500 ................................ 37 (1.5) 15 (0.7) # (†) 4 (0.7) 44 (2.2) 29 (3.4) 116,300 (21,698) 80 ! (64) 1,250 ! 

2,500 to 9,999................................... 32 (1.8) 6 (0.4) # (†) 4 (0.8) 31 (1.6) 10 (2.6) 82,370 (6,384) 230 ! (109) 1,870 ! 

10,000 or more ................................. 50 (2.1) 6 (0.3) # (†) 4 (0.3) 34 (1.7) 8 (1.0) 118,390 (15,703) 2,480 ! (968) 3,270 

Metropolitan status

Urban ................................................ 23 (2.7) 5 (0.3) # (†) 3 (0.5) 26 (1.9) 4 (1.2) 98,100 (13,660) 2,390 ! (973) 2,120 ! 

Suburban .......................................... 27 (1.6) 7 (0.4) # (†) 4 (0.5) 34 (1.6) 13 (2.1) 119,880 (23,536) 110 ! (55) 2,520 

Rural ................................................. 46 (1.9) 15 (0.7) # (†) 4 (0.8) 47 (2.2) 32 (3.2) 99,080 (8,505) 270 ! (124) 1,760 

Region

Northeast .......................................... 21 (2.2) 5 (0.5) # (†) 1 ! (0.5) 26 (2.5) 12 ! (4.0) 41,950 ! (20,821) 100 ! (49) 190 ! 

Southeast.......................................... 45 (2.6) 10 (0.6) # (†) 6 (0.8) 45 (2.4) 14 (2.5) 59,240 (6,251) 1,390 ! (919) 2,530 

Central .............................................. 46 (2.3) 12 (0.7) # (†) 3 (0.7) 46 (2.2) 28 (4.1) 106,690 (7,726) 940 ! (441) 1,050 ! 

West.................................................. 32 (2.2) 8 (0.5) # (†) 4 (0.7) 31 (2.1) 19 (3.2) 109,190 (16,010) 350 ! (165) 2,620 

Poverty concentration

Less than 10 percent ........................ 33 (2.1) 8 (0.5) # (†) 4 (0.7) 35 (1.7) 29 (4.7) 75,740 (11,177) 570 ! (400) 2,020 

10 to 19 percent................................ 42 (2.1) 10 (0.5) # (†) 4 (0.6) 40 (1.8) 23 (2.8) 95,510 (7,962) 1,450 ! (920) 1,830 20 percent or more ........................... 42 (2.5) 9 (0.5) # (†) 4 (0.8) 40 (2.3) 16 (2.7) 86,110 (13,518) 760 ! (249) 2,540 ! 

2004-05

Total.............................................. 37 (1.2) 10 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.5) 39 (1.1) 20 (1.6) 506,950 (56,959) 12,540 ! (6,107) 15,150 

District enrollment size

Less than 2,500 ................................ 37 (1.6) 16 (0.8) 1 (0.3) 4 (0.9) 44 (2.2) 28 (2.5) 210,200 (54,063) 610 ! (275) 6,060 ! 

2,500 to 9,999................................... 35 (1.6) 7 (0.3) # (†) 4 (0.8) 33 (1.7) 13 (2.8) 102,730 (13,404) 6,650 ! (5,689) 2,570 

10,000 or more ................................. 50 (2.5) 7 (0.3) # (†) 6 (0.7) 38 (1.4) 8 (0.9) 193,440 (16,415) 5,280 ! (2,202) 6,520 

Metropolitan status

Urban ................................................ 25 (2.8) 5 (0.5) # (†) 3 (0.8) 26 (2.5) 4 ! (1.7) 136,100 (21,900) 3,340 ! (1,749) 2,640 ! 

Suburban .......................................... 32 (1.6) 9 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 6 (0.6) 39 (1.4) 16 (2.4) 267,420 (53,058) 8,790 ! (5,854) 8,890 ! Rural ................................................. 45 (1.9) 16 (0.8) 1 (0.3) 5 (1.1) 48 (1.9) 30 (2.9) 103,430 (12,269) 410 ! (183) 3,620 ! 

Region

Northeast .......................................... 22 (2.0) 6 (0.6) 1 ! (0.4) 4 (0.9) 27 (1.8) 11 (2.9) 108,300 ! (49,777) 570 ! (206) 3,870 ! Southeast.......................................... 46 (3.2) 12 (0.5) # (†) 8 (1.1) 49 (2.3) 14 (2.2) 112,830 (6,341) 1,900 ! (1,333) 5,030 Central .............................................. 45 (2.4) 12 (0.7) 1 (0.2) 4 (0.9) 46 (2.4) 29 (3.9) 128,650 (22,055) 9,870 ! (5,957) 2,130 ! 

West.................................................. 35 (2.1) 9 (0.6) # (†) 4 (0.9) 34 (2.0) 21 (2.9) 157,180 (22,608) 200 ! (161) 4,110 ! 

Poverty concentration

Less than 10 percent ........................ 35 (1.9) 10 (0.5) 1 (0.2) 5 (0.8) 40 (1.9) 23 (3.8) 112,320 (16,778) 10,120 ! (5,957) 4,070 

10 to 19 percent................................ 42 (2.2) 11 (0.5) # (†) 5 (0.7) 44 (1.9) 18 (2.3) 151,050 (12,379) 2,020 ! (1,336) 4,800 

20 percent or more ........................... 43 (2.7) 10 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 5 (1.0) 37 (2.0) 21 (2.4) 106,610 (14,709) 400 ! (221) 6,280 ! 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 175

High School Completers and Dropouts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

High School Completers and Dropouts

—Not available.

1Includes graduates of public and private schools.

2Data for 1929–30 and preceding years are from Statistics of Public High Schools and exclude

graduates from high schools that failed to report to the Office of Education. Includes estimates

for jurisdictions not reporting counts of graduates by sex.

3The averaged freshman graduation rate provides an estimate of the percentage of students

who receive a regular diploma within 4 years of entering ninth grade. The rate uses aggregate

student enrollment data to estimate the size of an incoming freshman class and aggregate

counts of the number of diplomas awarded 4 years later. Averaged freshman graduation rates in

this table are based on reported totals of enrollment by grade and high school graduates, rather

than on details reported by race/ethnicity.

4Derived from Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For years 1869–70 through 1989–90,

17-year-old population is an estimate of the October 17-year-old population based on July data.

Data for 1990–91 and later years are October resident population estimates prepared by the

Census Bureau. 

5Estimated. 

6Projected by private schools. 

7Includes estimates for New York and Wisconsin. Without estimates for these two states, the

averaged freshman graduation rate for the remaining 48 states and the District of Columbia is

75.0 percent.

8Projected by NCES.

NOTE: Includes graduates of regular day school programs. Excludes graduates of other programs, when separately reported, and recipients of high school equivalency certificates. Some

data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because

of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Annual

Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1870 through 1910; Biennial Survey of Education in

the United States, 1919–20 through 1949–50; Statistics of State School Systems, 1951–52

through 1957–58; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems, 1958–59

through 1980–81; Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1959 through

1980; Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary

Education,” 1981–82 through 2008–09; Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 1989 through

2007; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2019. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census

Bureau, Population Estimates, retrieved August 12, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/popest/

related.html. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 110. High school graduates, by sex and control of school: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2019–20

School year

High school graduates

Averaged

freshman

graduation

rate for public

schools3

Population

17 years old4

Graduates as

a ratio of 17-

year-old

Total population 1

Sex Control 

Males Females

Public2 Private

Total Males Females Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1869–70................................................ 16,000 7,064 8,936 — — — — — 815,000 2.0

1879–80................................................ 23,634 10,605 13,029 — — — — — 946,026 2.5

1889–90................................................ 43,731 18,549 25,182 21,882 — — 21,849 5 — 1,259,177 3.5

1899–1900............................................ 94,883 38,075 56,808 61,737 — — 33,146 5 — 1,489,146 6.4

1909–10................................................ 156,429 63,676 92,753 111,363 — — 45,066 5 — 1,786,240 8.8

1919–20................................................ 311,266 123,684 187,582 230,902 — — 80,364 5 — 1,855,173 16.8

1929–30................................................ 666,904 300,376 366,528 591,719 — — 75,185 5 — 2,295,822 29.0

1939–40................................................ 1,221,475 578,718 642,757 1,143,246 538,273 604,973 78,229 5 — 2,403,074 50.8

1949–50................................................ 1,199,700 570,700 629,000 1,063,444 505,394 558,050 136,256 5 — 2,034,450 59.0

1959–60................................................ 1,858,023 895,000 963,000 1,627,050 791,426 835,624 230,973 — 2,672,000 69.5

1969–70................................................ 2,888,639 1,430,000 1,459,000 2,588,639 1,285,895 1,302,744 300,000 5 78.7 3,757,000 76.9

1970–71................................................ 2,937,642 1,454,000 1,484,000 2,637,642 1,309,319 1,328,323 300,000 5 78.0 3,872,000 75.9

1971–72................................................ 3,001,553 1,487,000 1,515,000 2,699,553 1,342,275 1,357,278 302,000 5 77.4 3,973,000 75.5

1972–73................................................ 3,034,822 1,500,000 1,535,000 2,728,822 1,352,416 1,376,406 306,000 5 76.8 4,049,000 75.0

1973–74................................................ 3,073,314 1,512,000 1,561,000 2,763,314 1,362,565 1,400,749 310,000 5 75.4 4,132,000 74.4

1974–75................................................ 3,132,502 1,542,000 1,591,000 2,822,502 1,391,519 1,430,983 310,000 5 74.9 4,256,000 73.6

1975–76................................................ 3,142,120 1,552,000 1,590,000 2,837,129 1,401,064 1,436,065 304,991 74.9 4,272,000 73.6

1976–77................................................ 3,139,536 1,551,000 1,589,000 2,837,340 — — 302,196 74.4 4,272,000 73.5

1977–78................................................ 3,128,824 1,546,000 1,583,000 2,824,636 — — 304,188 73.2 4,286,000 73.0

1978–79................................................ 3,101,152 1,532,000 1,569,000 2,801,152 — — 300,000 5 71.9 4,327,000 71.7

1979–80................................................ 3,042,214 1,503,000 1,539,000 2,747,678 — — 294,536 71.5 4,262,000 71.4

1980–81................................................ 3,020,285 1,492,000 1,528,000 2,725,285 — — 295,000 5 72.2 4,212,000 71.7

1981–82................................................ 2,994,758 1,479,000 1,515,000 2,704,758 — — 290,000 5 72.9 4,134,000 72.4

1982–83................................................ 2,887,604 1,426,000 1,461,000 2,597,604 — — 290,000 5 73.8 3,962,000 72.9

1983–84................................................ 2,766,797 — — 2,494,797 — — 272,000 5 74.5 3,784,000 73.1

1984–85................................................ 2,676,917 — — 2,413,917 — — 263,000 5 74.2 3,699,000 72.4

1985–86................................................ 2,642,616 — — 2,382,616 — — 260,000 5 74.3 3,670,000 72.0

1986–87................................................ 2,693,803 — — 2,428,803 — — 265,000 5 74.3 3,754,000 71.8

1987–88................................................ 2,773,020 — — 2,500,020 — — 273,000 5 74.2 3,849,000 72.0

1988–89................................................ 2,743,743 — — 2,458,800 — — 284,943 73.4 3,842,000 71.4

1989–90................................................ 2,574,162 — — 2,320,337 — — 253,825 6 73.6 3,505,000 73.4

1990–91................................................ 2,492,988 — — 2,234,893 — — 258,095 73.7 3,417,913 72.9

1991–92................................................ 2,480,399 — — 2,226,016 — — 254,383 6 74.2 3,398,884 73.0

1992–93................................................ 2,480,519 — — 2,233,241 — — 247,278 73.8 3,449,143 71.9

1993–94................................................ 2,463,849 — — 2,220,849 — — 243,000 5 73.1 3,442,521 71.6

1994–95................................................ 2,519,084 — — 2,273,541 — — 245,543 71.8 3,635,803 69.3

1995–96................................................ 2,518,109 — — 2,273,109 — — 245,000 5 71.0 3,640,132 69.2

1996–97................................................ 2,611,988 — — 2,358,403 — — 253,585 71.3 3,792,207 68.9

1997–98................................................ 2,704,050 — — 2,439,050 1,187,647 1,251,403 265,000 5 71.3 4,008,416 67.5

1998–99................................................ 2,758,655 — — 2,485,630 1,212,924 1,272,706 273,025 71.1 3,917,885 70.4

1999–2000............................................ 2,832,844 — — 2,553,844 1,241,631 1,312,213 279,000 5 71.7 4,056,639 69.8

2000–01................................................ 2,847,973 — — 2,569,200 1,251,931 1,317,269 278,773 71.7 4,023,686 70.8

2001–02................................................ 2,906,534 — — 2,621,534 1,275,813 1,345,721 285,000 5 72.6 4,023,968 72.2

2002–03................................................ 3,015,735 — — 2,719,947 1,330,973 1,388,974 295,788 73.9 4,125,087 73.1

2003–047 .............................................. 3,054,438 — — 2,753,438 1,347,800 1,405,638 301,000 5 74.3 4,113,074 74.3

2004–05................................................ 3,106,499 — — 2,799,250 1,369,749 1,429,501 307,249 74.7 4,120,073 75.4

2005–06................................................ 3,122,544 — — 2,815,544 1,376,458 1,439,086 307,000 5 73.4 4,200,554 74.3

2006–07................................................ 3,198,956 — — 2,892,351 1,413,738 1,478,613 306,605 73.9 4,297,239 74.4

2007–08................................................ 3,313,818 — — 2,999,508 1,466,303 1,533,205 314,310 5 74.7 4,436,955 74.7

2008–098 .............................................. 3,318,770 — — 3,004,570 — — 314,200 74.7 4,336,950 76.5

2009–108 .............................................. 3,306,220 — — 2,991,310 — — 314,910 75.6 4,311,831 76.7

2010–118 .............................................. 3,251,720 — — 2,937,170 — — 314,550 — — —

2011–128 .............................................. 3,221,990 — — 2,905,990 — — 316,000 — — —

2012–138 .............................................. 3,200,130 — — 2,890,740 — — 309,390 — — —

2013–148 .............................................. 3,176,300 — — 2,868,100 — — 308,200 — — —

2014–158 .............................................. 3,170,560 — — 2,872,470 — — 298,090 — — —

2015–168 .............................................. 3,201,060 — — 2,906,330 — — 294,730 — — —

2016–178 .............................................. 3,223,000 — — 2,933,220 — — 289,780 — — —

2017–188 .............................................. 3,273,690 — — 2,988,630 — — 285,060 — — —

2018–198 .............................................. 3,265,020 — — 2,984,530 — — 280,490 — — —

2019–208 .............................................. 3,245,900 — — 2,953,060 — — 292,840 — — —
176 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

High School Completers and Dropouts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1U.S. total includes estimates for nonreporting states.

2Beginning in 1989–90, graduates from adult programs are excluded.

3Data from NCES 2009-062, Projections of Education Statistics to 2018. 4Projected data from NCES 91-490, Projections of Education Statistics to 2002. 5Estimated high school graduates from NCES 2006-606rev, The Averaged Freshman

Graduation Rate for Public High Schools From the Common Core of Data: School Years

2002–03 and 2003–04.

6Projected data from NCES 2010-069, Projections of Education Statistics to 2019.

NOTE: Data include regular diploma recipients, but exclude students receiving a certificate of

attendance and persons receiving high school equivalency certificates. DoD = Department of

Defense. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics; Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1981–82 through 2008–09; and Public

School Graduates and Dropouts from the Common Core of Data: School Year 2007–08.

(This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 111. Public high school graduates, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1980–81 through 2008–09

State or jurisdiction 1980–81 1989–90 1999–2000 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

Projected

2008–09

graduates

Percent

change,

1999–2000

to 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ................................. 2,725,285 2,320,337 1 2,553,844 2,621,534 2,719,947 2,753,438 1 2,799,250 2,815,544 1 2,892,351 2,999,508 3,004,570 17.6

Alabama ................................................. 44,894 40,485 37,819 35,887 36,741 36,464 37,453 37,918 38,912 41,346 40,190 6.3

Alaska..................................................... 5,343 5,386 6,615 6,945 7,297 7,236 6,909 7,361 7,666 7,855 8,160 23.4

Arizona ................................................... 28,416 32,103 38,304 47,175 49,986 45,508 59,498 54,091 55,954 61,667 57,230 49.4

Arkansas................................................. 29,577 26,475 27,335 26,984 27,555 27,181 26,621 28,790 27,166 28,725 28,720 5.1

California ................................................ 242,172 236,291 309,866 325,895 341,097 343,480 355,217 343,515 356,641 374,561 383,320 23.7

Colorado ................................................. 35,897 32,967 38,924 40,760 42,379 44,777 44,532 44,424 45,628 46,082 48,220 23.9

Connecticut............................................. 38,369 27,878 31,562 32,327 33,667 34,573 35,515 36,222 37,541 38,419 37,730 19.5

Delaware................................................. 7,349 5,550 6,108 6,482 6,817 6,951 6,934 7,275 7,205 7,388 7,590 24.3

District of Columbia2 ............................... 4,848 3,626 2,695 3,090 2,725 3,031 2,781 3,150 3 2,944 3,352 3,470 28.8

Florida..................................................... 88,755 88,934 106,708 119,537 127,484 131,418 133,318 134,686 142,284 149,046 152,710 43.1

Georgia................................................... 62,963 56,605 62,563 65,983 66,890 68,550 70,834 73,498 77,829 83,505 81,030 29.5

Hawaii..................................................... 11,472 10,325 10,437 10,452 10,013 10,324 10,813 10,922 11,063 11,613 11,210 7.4

Idaho....................................................... 12,679 11,971 16,170 15,874 15,858 15,547 15,768 16,096 16,242 16,567 16,670 3.1

Illinois...................................................... 136,795 108,119 111,835 116,657 117,507 124,763 123,615 126,817 130,220 135,143 131,680 17.7

Indiana.................................................... 73,381 60,012 57,012 56,722 57,897 56,008 55,444 57,920 59,887 61,901 63,990 12.2

Iowa ........................................................ 42,635 31,796 33,926 33,789 34,860 34,339 33,547 33,693 34,127 34,573 34,560 1.9

Kansas.................................................... 29,397 25,367 29,102 29,541 29,963 30,155 30,355 29,818 30,139 30,737 29,580 1.6

Kentucky ................................................. 41,714 38,005 36,830 36,337 37,654 37,787 38,399 38,449 39,099 39,339 41,670 13.1

Louisiana ................................................ 46,199 36,053 38,430 37,905 37,610 37,019 36,009 33,275 34,274 34,401 34,230 -10.9

Maine...................................................... 15,554 13,839 12,211 12,593 12,947 13,278 13,077 12,950 13,151 14,350 14,620 19.7

Maryland................................................. 54,050 41,566 47,849 50,881 51,864 52,870 54,170 55,536 57,564 59,171 57,250 19.6

Massachusetts........................................ 74,831 55,941 4 52,950 55,272 55,987 58,326 59,665 61,272 63,903 65,197 64,010 20.9

Michigan ................................................. 124,372 93,807 97,679 95,001 100,301 98,823 101,582 102,582 111,838 115,183 115,870 18.6

Minnesota ............................................... 64,166 49,087 57,372 57,440 59,432 59,096 58,391 58,898 59,497 60,409 59,290 3.3

Mississippi .............................................. 28,083 25,182 24,232 23,740 23,810 23,735 23,523 23,848 24,186 24,795 25,670 5.9

Missouri .................................................. 60,359 48,957 52,848 54,487 56,925 57,983 57,841 58,417 60,275 61,717 61,400 16.2

Montana.................................................. 11,634 9,370 10,903 10,554 10,657 10,500 10,335 10,283 10,122 10,396 10,020 -8.1

Nebraska ................................................ 21,411 17,664 20,149 19,910 20,161 20,309 19,940 19,764 19,873 20,035 20,310 0.8

Nevada ................................................... 9,069 9,477 14,551 16,270 16,378 15,201 15,740 16,455 16,455 17,149 18,230 25.3

New Hampshire ...................................... 11,552 10,766 11,829 12,452 13,210 13,309 13,775 13,988 14,452 14,982 14,110 19.3

New Jersey ............................................. 93,168 69,824 74,420 77,664 81,391 83,826 86,502 90,049 93,013 94,994 96,110 29.1

New Mexico ............................................ 17,915 14,884 18,031 18,094 16,923 17,892 17,353 17,822 16,131 18,264 17,690 -1.9

New York................................................. 198,465 143,318 141,731 140,139 143,818 142,526 5 153,203 161,817 168,333 176,310 170,820 20.5

North Carolina ........................................ 69,395 64,782 62,140 65,955 69,696 72,126 75,010 76,710 76,031 83,307 80,630 29.8

North Dakota .......................................... 9,924 7,690 8,606 8,114 8,169 7,888 7,555 7,192 7,159 6,999 6,960 -19.1

Ohio ........................................................ 143,503 114,513 111,668 110,608 115,762 119,029 116,702 117,356 117,658 120,758 122,920 10.1

Oklahoma ............................................... 38,875 35,606 37,646 36,852 36,694 36,799 36,227 36,497 37,100 37,630 37,630 0.0

Oregon.................................................... 28,729 25,473 30,151 31,153 32,587 32,958 32,602 32,394 33,446 34,949 35,760 18.6

Pennsylvania........................................... 144,645 110,527 113,959 114,943 119,933 123,474 124,758 127,830 3 128,603 130,298 122,840 7.8

Rhode Island .......................................... 10,719 7,825 8,477 9,006 9,318 9,258 9,881 10,108 10,384 10,347 9,960 17.5

South Carolina........................................ 38,347 32,483 31,617 31,302 32,482 33,235 33,439 34,970 3 35,108 35,140 6 37,010 17.1

South Dakota.......................................... 10,385 7,650 9,278 8,796 8,999 9,001 8,585 8,589 8,346 8,582 8,120 -12.5

Tennessee .............................................. 50,648 46,094 41,568 40,894 44,113 46,096 47,967 50,880 54,502 57,486 54,360 30.8

Texas ...................................................... 171,665 172,480 212,925 225,167 238,111 244,165 239,717 240,485 241,193 252,121 260,140 22.2

Utah ........................................................ 19,886 21,196 32,501 30,183 29,527 30,252 30,253 29,050 28,276 28,167 34,040 4.7

Vermont .................................................. 6,424 6,127 6,675 7,083 6,970 7,100 7,152 6,779 7,317 7,392 6,960 4.3

Virginia.................................................... 67,126 60,605 65,596 66,519 72,943 72,042 73,667 69,597 73,997 77,369 78,390 19.5

Washington............................................. 50,046 45,941 57,597 58,311 60,435 61,274 61,094 60,213 62,801 61,625 63,400 10.1

West Virginia........................................... 23,580 21,854 19,437 17,128 17,287 17,339 17,137 16,763 17,407 17,489 17,840 -8.2

Wisconsin ............................................... 67,743 52,038 58,545 60,575 63,272 62,784 5 63,229 63,003 63,968 65,183 64,790 10.7

Wyoming................................................. 6,161 5,823 6,462 6,106 5,845 5,833 5,616 5,527 5,441 5,494 5,510 -14.7

Bureau of Indian Education .................... — — — — — — — — — — — —

DoD, overseas ........................................ — — 2,642 2,554 2,641 2,766 — — — — — —

DoD, domestic ........................................ — — 560 565 590 584 — — — — — —

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ................................ — 703 698 823 832 852 905 879 954 — — —

Guam .................................................. — 1,033 1,406 — 1,502 1,346 1,179 — — — — —

Northern Marianas.............................. — 227 360 416 422 575 614 670 643 — — —

Puerto Rico......................................... — 29,049 30,856 30,278 31,408 30,083 29,071 31,896 31,718 30,016 — —

U.S. Virgin Islands............................... — 1,260 1,060 883 886 816 940 — 820 820 — —
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 177

High School Completers and Dropouts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Includes estimates for New York and Wisconsin. Without estimates for these two states, the

averaged freshman graduation rate for the remaining 48 states and the District of Columbia is

75.0 percent. 

2U.S. total includes estimates for nonreporting states.

3Projected high school graduates from NCES 2008-078, Projections of Education Statistics

to 2017. 4Estimated high school graduates from NCES 2006-606rev, The Averaged Freshman

Graduation Rate for Public High Schools From the Common Core of Data: School Years

2002–03 and 2003–04.

5Projected high school graduates from NCES 2010-069, Projections of Education Statistics

to 2019.

NOTE: The averaged freshman graduation rate provides an estimate of the percentage of

students who receive a regular diploma within 4 years of entering ninth grade. The rate

uses aggregate student enrollment data to estimate the size of an incoming freshman class

and aggregate counts of the number of diplomas awarded 4 years later. Averaged freshman

graduation rates in this table are based on reported totals of enrollment by grade and high school

graduates, rather than on details reported by race/ethnicity. Some data have been revised

from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1986–87 through 2008–09; The Averaged Freshman Graduation Rate for Public High

Schools From the Common Core of Data: School Years 2002–03 and 2003–04; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2017. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 112. Averaged freshman graduation rates for public secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2007–08

State or jurisdiction 1990–91 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

United States .................. 73.7 71.8 71.0 71.3 71.3 71.1 71.7 71.7 72.6 73.9 74.3 1 74.7 73.4 2 73.9 74.7 2

Alabama .................................. 69.8 64.8 62.7 62.4 64.4 61.3 64.1 63.7 62.1 64.7 65.0 65.9 66.2 67.1 69.0

Alaska...................................... 74.6 71.2 68.3 67.9 68.9 70.0 66.7 68.0 65.9 68.0 67.2 64.1 66.5 69.0 69.1

Arizona .................................... 76.7 65.1 60.8 65.3 65.6 62.3 63.6 74.2 74.7 75.9 66.8 84.7 70.5 69.6 70.7

Arkansas.................................. 76.6 72.7 74.2 70.6 73.9 73.7 74.6 73.9 74.8 76.6 76.8 75.7 80.4 74.4 76.4

California ................................. 69.6 66.8 67.6 68.8 69.6 71.1 71.7 71.6 72.7 74.1 73.9 74.6 69.2 70.7 71.2

Colorado .................................. 76.3 76.0 74.8 74.7 73.9 73.4 74.1 73.2 74.7 76.4 78.7 76.7 75.5 76.6 75.4

Connecticut.............................. 80.2 77.2 76.1 76.7 76.9 76.0 81.9 77.5 79.7 80.9 80.7 80.9 80.9 81.8 82.2

Delaware.................................. 72.5 68.7 70.4 71.7 74.1 70.4 66.8 71.0 69.5 73.0 72.9 73.0 76.3 71.9 72.1

District of Columbia ................. 54.5 54.6 49.7 54.6 53.9 52.0 54.5 60.2 68.4 59.6 68.2 66.3 65.4 3 54.8 56.0

Florida...................................... 65.6 63.5 62.3 62.7 62.1 61.4 61.0 61.2 63.4 66.7 66.4 64.6 63.6 65.0 66.9

Georgia.................................... 70.3 63.5 61.9 62.0 58.2 57.5 59.7 58.7 61.1 60.8 61.2 61.7 62.4 64.1 65.4

Hawaii...................................... 75.9 74.8 74.5 69.1 68.8 67.5 70.9 68.3 72.1 71.3 72.6 75.1 75.5 75.4 76.0

Idaho........................................ 79.6 80.2 80.5 80.1 79.7 79.5 79.4 79.6 79.3 81.4 81.5 81.0 80.5 80.4 80.1

Illinois....................................... 76.6 74.8 75.2 76.1 76.8 76.0 76.3 75.6 77.1 75.9 80.3 79.4 79.7 79.5 80.4

Indiana..................................... 76.9 73.8 73.6 74.0 73.8 74.3 71.8 72.1 73.1 75.5 73.5 73.2 73.3 73.9 74.1

Iowa ......................................... 84.4 84.5 84.3 84.6 83.9 83.3 83.1 82.8 84.1 85.3 85.8 86.6 86.9 86.5 86.4

Kansas..................................... 80.8 78.8 77.1 76.9 76.0 76.7 77.1 76.5 77.1 76.9 77.9 79.2 77.5 78.8 79.0

Kentucky .................................. 72.9 73.8 71.3 71.1 70.2 70.0 69.7 69.8 69.8 71.7 73.0 75.9 77.2 76.4 74.4

Louisiana ................................. 57.5 62.4 61.7 59.3 61.3 61.1 62.2 63.7 64.4 64.1 69.4 63.9 59.5 61.3 63.5

Maine....................................... 80.7 73.6 73.7 75.2 78.5 74.7 75.9 76.4 75.6 76.3 77.6 78.6 76.3 78.5 79.1

Maryland.................................. 77.5 78.2 78.3 76.6 76.2 76.6 77.6 78.7 79.7 79.2 79.5 79.3 79.9 80.0 80.4

Massachusetts......................... 79.1 78.1 78.0 78.4 78.3 77.9 78.0 78.9 77.6 75.7 79.3 78.7 79.5 80.8 81.5

Michigan .................................. 72.1 71.3 71.4 73.5 74.6 73.9 75.3 75.4 72.9 74.0 72.5 73.0 72.2 77.0 76.3

Minnesota ................................ 90.8 87.7 86.1 78.6 85.0 86.0 84.9 83.6 83.9 84.8 84.7 85.9 86.2 86.5 86.4

Mississippi ............................... 63.3 62.0 59.7 59.6 59.8 59.2 59.4 59.7 61.2 62.7 62.7 63.3 63.5 63.5 63.9

Missouri ................................... 76.0 76.0 75.0 74.7 75.2 75.8 76.3 75.5 76.8 78.3 80.4 80.6 81.0 81.9 82.4

Montana................................... 84.4 86.5 83.9 83.2 82.2 81.3 80.8 80.0 79.8 81.0 80.4 81.5 81.9 81.5 82.0

Nebraska ................................. 86.7 86.9 85.6 84.8 85.6 87.3 85.7 83.8 83.9 85.2 87.6 87.8 87.0 86.3 83.8

Nevada .................................... 77.0 65.8 65.8 73.2 70.6 71.0 69.7 70.0 71.9 72.3 57.4 55.8 55.8 52.0 51.3

New Hampshire ....................... 78.6 78.4 77.5 77.3 76.7 75.3 76.1 77.8 77.8 78.2 78.7 80.1 81.1 81.7 83.3

New Jersey .............................. 81.4 82.1 82.8 83.9 76.3 77.5 83.6 85.4 85.8 87.0 86.3 85.1 84.8 84.4 84.6

New Mexico ............................. 70.1 64.4 63.7 62.5 61.6 63.3 64.7 65.9 67.4 63.1 67.0 65.4 67.3 59.1 66.8

New York.................................. 66.1 63.7 63.6 65.3 63.4 62.5 61.8 61.5 60.5 60.9 60.9 4 65.3 67.4 68.9 70.9

North Carolina ......................... 71.3 69.1 66.5 65.5 65.6 65.4 65.8 66.5 68.2 70.1 71.4 72.6 71.8 68.6 72.8

North Dakota ........................... 87.6 87.5 89.5 87.8 86.7 85.6 86.0 85.4 85.0 86.4 86.1 86.3 82.2 83.1 83.8

Ohio ......................................... 77.5 79.9 74.5 76.4 77.0 75.0 75.2 76.5 77.5 79.0 81.3 80.2 79.2 78.7 79.0

Oklahoma ................................ 76.5 77.4 75.6 74.8 75.1 76.4 75.8 75.8 76.0 76.0 77.0 76.9 77.8 77.8 78.0

Oregon..................................... 72.7 71.2 68.3 69.1 69.0 68.2 69.6 68.3 71.0 73.7 74.2 74.2 73.0 73.8 76.7

Pennsylvania............................ 79.7 80.1 80.0 79.8 79.4 79.1 78.7 79.0 80.2 81.7 82.2 82.5 83.5 3 83.0 82.7

Rhode Island ........................... 75.0 74.3 72.7 72.9 72.5 72.2 72.8 73.5 75.7 77.7 75.9 78.4 77.8 78.4 76.4

South Carolina......................... 66.6 61.6 60.9 59.6 59.3 59.1 58.6 56.5 57.9 59.7 60.6 60.1 61.0 3 58.9 61.9 5

South Dakota........................... 83.8 86.9 84.5 84.2 77.7 74.2 77.6 77.4 79.0 83.0 83.7 82.3 84.5 82.5 84.4

Tennessee ............................... 69.8 66.7 66.6 61.6 58.4 58.5 59.5 59.0 59.6 63.4 66.1 68.5 70.7 72.6 74.9

Texas ....................................... 72.2 66.8 66.1 67.0 69.4 69.2 71.0 70.8 73.5 75.5 76.7 74.0 72.5 71.9 73.1

Utah ......................................... 77.5 77.7 76.9 81.1 80.7 81.6 82.5 81.6 80.5 80.2 83.0 84.4 78.6 76.6 74.3

Vermont ................................... 79.5 88.9 85.3 83.6 83.9 81.9 81.0 80.2 82.0 83.6 85.4 86.5 82.3 88.5 89.3

Virginia..................................... 76.2 75.0 76.2 76.6 76.6 76.3 76.9 77.5 76.7 80.6 79.3 79.6 74.5 75.5 77.0

Washington.............................. 75.7 76.4 75.5 74.0 73.3 73.2 73.7 69.2 72.2 74.2 74.6 75.0 72.9 74.8 71.9

West Virginia............................ 76.6 75.7 77.0 76.7 77.4 77.9 76.7 75.9 74.2 75.7 76.9 77.3 76.9 78.2 77.3

Wisconsin ................................ 85.2 84.0 83.6 83.7 83.1 82.6 82.7 83.3 84.8 85.8 85.8 4 86.7 87.5 88.5 89.6

Wyoming.................................. 81.1 78.8 77.7 78.4 77.1 76.6 76.3 73.4 74.4 73.9 76.0 76.7 76.1 75.8 76.0

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ................. 85.3 78.7 79.7 79.7 76.6 80.4 71.9 77.0 82.9 81.0 80.2 81.1 81.0 84.6 —

Guam ................................... 48.2 45.2 44.6 45.4 39.5 54.7 52.9 51.7 — 56.3 48.4 — — — —

Northern Marianas............... — 63.5 63.3 68.9 63.4 63.5 61.1 62.7 65.2 65.2 75.3 75.4 80.3 73.6 —

Puerto Rico.......................... 60.9 60.4 60.8 61.5 61.9 63.6 64.7 65.7 66.2 67.8 64.8 61.7 68.6 66.7 63.1

U.S. Virgin Islands................ 53.2 59.7 54.2 62.0 58.6 58.6 53.8 57.3 48.7 53.5 — — — 57.8 57.8
178 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

High School Completers and Dropouts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Data differ slightly from figures reported in other tables due to varying reporting practices

for racial/ethnic survey data.

2High school graduate counts include estimates for nonreporting states, based on 2007

12th-grade enrollment racial/ethnic distribution reported by state. Event dropout rate totals

are totals for reporting states only.

3Projected data from NCES 2010-069, Projections of Education Statistics to 2019.

NOTE: Includes only graduates for whom race/ethnicity was reported. Race categories exclude

persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Event dropout rates measure the percentage of public school students in grades 9 through 12 who dropped out of school between one October and the next.

DoD = Department of Defense.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common

Core of Data (CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,”

2007–08 and 2008–09, and “NCES Common Core of Data State Dropout and Completion Data

File,” 2007–08; and unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 113. Public high school graduates and dropouts, by race/ethnicity and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08

State or other jurisdiction

High school graduates, by race/ethnicity, 2007–081

Event dropout rates (percent of 9th- to 12th-graders who 

dropped out) during 2007–08, by race/ethnicity

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States2 ............................ 2,974,336 1,902,000 432,241 448,555 159,394 32,146 4.1 2.8 6.7 6.0 2.4 7.3

Alabama ............................................. 41,313 26,375 13,343 684 474 437 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.8

Alaska................................................. 7,491 4,742 262 389 575 1,523 7.3 5.1 9.6 7.5 6.9 12.2

Arizona ............................................... 61,667 32,490 3,398 20,276 1,878 3,625 6.7 5.6 7.1 7.3 3.8 11.4

Arkansas............................................. 28,725 20,474 6,132 1,421 513 185 4.7 4.0 6.7 5.1 2.8 4.9

California ............................................ 366,503 141,011 25,911 142,491 54,019 3,071 5.0 3.1 9.0 6.0 2.3 6.6

Colorado ............................................. 46,082 33,075 2,498 8,454 1,617 438 6.4 3.9 10.6 12.1 3.8 11.3

Connecticut......................................... 38,419 27,782 4,775 4,451 1,307 104 2.8 1.6 5.6 6.1 1.5 2.5

Delaware............................................. 7,388 — — — — — 6.0 4.9 7.7 8.2 — 9.4

District of Columbia ............................ 3,353 144 2,871 277 58 3 5.5 — — — — —

Florida................................................. 146,254 79,596 30,239 31,721 4,255 443 3.3 2.1 4.7 3.7 1.1 2.5

Georgia............................................... 82,033 45,701 29,010 4,309 2,868 145 4.3 3.6 4.6 4.8 1.3 3.6

Hawaii................................................. 11,613 2,157 217 468 8,718 53 5.4 5.9 7.3 6.7 5.1 7.2

Idaho................................................... 16,567 14,321 133 1,632 279 202 2.0 1.8 1.9 3.5 1.2 2.3

Illinois.................................................. 133,554 87,097 21,728 18,411 6,000 318 5.2 2.2 9.1 7.3 1.7 3.8

Indiana................................................ 60,792 51,810 5,564 2,433 844 141 1.7 1.6 2.8 2.4 0.7 3.6

Iowa .................................................... 34,573 31,250 1,266 1,267 631 159 2.9 2.5 6.2 6.1 2.6 9.1

Kansas................................................ 30,132 24,349 2,217 2,474 710 382 2.5 2.1 3.6 3.9 1.5 3.9

Kentucky ............................................. 38,982 34,185 3,769 585 390 53 2.8 2.4 4.8 4.6 1.6 2.5

Louisiana ............................................ 34,401 19,616 13,253 672 622 238 7.5 4.8 10.9 7.8 3.4 7.2

Maine.................................................. 14,350 13,629 285 129 234 73 4.4 4.3 5.4 7.0 3.7 5.8

Maryland............................................. 59,171 31,429 20,602 3,555 3,392 193 3.6 — — — — —

Massachusetts.................................... 64,337 49,566 5,161 6,377 3,072 161 3.4 2.3 5.9 8.3 2.1 7.5

Michigan ............................................. 114,657 88,225 19,158 3,500 2,807 967 6.2 4.3 12.6 10.3 3.6 8.3

Minnesota ........................................... 60,409 50,762 3,678 1,788 3,351 830 2.8 1.8 7.1 7.5 3.1 11.6

Mississippi .......................................... 24,795 12,544 11,660 271 280 40 4.6 3.6 5.6 3.9 2.0 3.0

Missouri .............................................. 61,717 49,744 9,178 1,498 1,024 273 4.9 3.2 12.9 7.2 2.7 3.7

Montana.............................................. 10,396 9,115 53 191 133 904 5.2 4.4 6.3 6.5 4.1 11.7

Nebraska ............................................ 20,035 16,969 1,049 1,434 355 228 2.5 1.8 6.0 4.8 1.4 7.6

Nevada ............................................... 17,149 10,150 1,449 3,620 1,678 252 5.1 3.9 6.3 6.7 3.4 4.9

New Hampshire .................................. 14,982 14,174 320 201 257 30 3.0 2.9 9.6 3.1 1.4 8.3

New Jersey ......................................... 94,799 57,702 14,776 14,593 7,501 227 1.7 1.0 2.8 3.1 0.5 2.7

New Mexico ........................................ 18,264 6,583 467 8,740 297 2,177 5.2 3.5 5.9 5.3 3.2 9.2

New York............................................. 176,050 106,219 28,814 26,698 13,720 599 3.9 2.4 6.2 6.1 2.4 5.7

North Carolina .................................... 81,766 51,582 23,002 4,228 1,944 1,010 5.2 4.4 6.2 7.6 2.0 7.7

North Dakota ...................................... 6,999 6,410 98 79 55 357 2.4 1.8 3.9 4.4 4.5 7.3

Ohio .................................................... 118,847 99,936 14,956 2,046 1,749 160 4.3 2.9 10.1 8.5 1.8 8.2

Oklahoma ........................................... 37,630 23,591 3,926 2,476 867 6,770 3.1 2.8 3.5 5.2 2.3 3.3

Oregon................................................ 34,061 26,846 830 3,849 1,811 725 3.8 3.1 7.9 6.7 2.7 6.1

Pennsylvania....................................... 130,029 104,355 16,111 5,978 3,439 146 2.6 1.7 5.7 6.9 1.6 4.1

Rhode Island ...................................... 10,347 7,474 890 1,605 314 64 5.3 4.3 7.8 8.2 4.8 10.3

South Carolina.................................... 35,140 3 — — — — — 3.9 3.5 4.3 5.3 1.8 —

South Dakota...................................... 8,587 7,707 129 125 111 515 2.3 1.4 2.4 4.0 2.0 9.9

Tennessee .......................................... 57,485 41,700 13,207 1,567 906 105 3.9 2.5 7.7 5.3 2.1 4.7

Texas .................................................. 252,121 112,983 33,873 94,571 9,750 944 4.0 1.8 6.3 5.3 1.3 3.2

Utah .................................................... 28,091 24,549 229 2,063 868 382 4.2 3.4 6.6 8.0 3.9 7.5

Vermont .............................................. 6,719 6,408 93 72 99 47 — — — — — —

Virginia................................................ 76,398 49,155 17,960 4,394 4,689 200 2.7 1.9 4.0 5.4 1.3 3.8

Washington......................................... 60,997 45,905 2,699 5,678 5,496 1,219 5.7 5.0 8.9 8.0 4.0 11.3

West Virginia....................................... 17,489 16,489 724 115 147 14 4.4 4.4 5.0 3.8 1.3 6.5

Wisconsin ........................................... 65,183 54,288 4,827 2,840 2,428 800 2.3 1.4 7.8 5.4 2.0 5.8

Wyoming............................................. 5,494 4,891 55 381 67 100 5.0 4.5 8.1 8.0 2.0 11.0

Bureau of Indian Education ................ — — — — — — — — — — — —

DoD, overseas .................................... — — — — — — — — — — — —

DoD, domestic .................................... — — — — — — — — — — — —

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ............................ — — — — — — — — — — — —

Guam .............................................. — — — — — — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas.......................... — —————————— —

Puerto Rico..................................... 30,016 0 0 30,016 0 0 — — — — — —

U.S. Virgin Islands........................... 820 7 720 88 1 4 7.8 8.3 7.8 8.5 — —
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 179

High School Completers and Dropouts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1People who did not report their age were excluded from this calculation. Age data for 1988

and prior years are for all test takers and may not be comparable to data for later years. 

2All people taking the GED tests (one or more subtests). 

3People completing the entire GED battery of five tests. 

4Data for 2002 and later years are for people passing the GED tests (i.e., earning both a

passing total score on the test battery and a passing score on each individual test). Data for

2001 and prior years are for high school equivalency credentials issued by the states to

GED test passers. In order to receive high school equivalency credentials in some states,

GED test passers must meet additional state requirements (e.g., complete an approved

course in civics or government). 

5Includes other jurisdictions, such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and American Samoa.

6For 1988 and prior years, 19-year-olds are included with the 16- to 18-year-olds instead of

the 19- to 24-year-olds.

7A revised GED test was introduced in 2002. In 2001, test takers were required to successfully complete all five components of the GED or else begin the five-part series again with

the new test that was introduced in 2002.

NOTE: Data are for the United States only and exclude other jurisdictions, except where

noted. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from

previously published figures. 

SOURCE: American Council on Education, General Educational Development Testing

Service, the GED annual Statistical Report, 1971 through 1992; Who Took the GED? 1993

through 2001; Who Passed the GED Tests? 2002 through 2005; and GED Testing Program

Statistical Report, 2006 through 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http://

www.acenet.edu/Content/NavigationMenu/ged/pubs/2009ASR.pdf. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 114. General Educational Development (GED) test takers and test passers, by age: 1971 through 2009

Year

Number of test takers (in thousands) Percentage distribution of test passers, by age1

Total2

Completing

test battery3 Passing tests4 16 to 18 years old 19 to 24 years old 25 to 29 years old 30 to 34 years old 35 years old or over

1 234 5 678 9

19715 .................................. 377 — 227 — — — — —

19725 .................................. 419 — 245 — — — — —

19735 .................................. 423 — 249 — — — — —

1974.................................... — — 294 35 6 27 6 13 9 17

1975.................................... — — 340 33 6 26 6 14 9 18

1976.................................... — — 333 31 6 28 6 14 10 17

1977.................................... — — 330 40 6 24 6 13 8 14

1978.................................... — — 381 31 6 27 6 13 10 18

1979.................................... — — 426 37 6 28 6 12 13 11

1980.................................... — — 479 37 6 27 6 13 8 15

1981.................................... — — 489 37 6 27 6 13 8 14

1982.................................... — — 486 37 6 28 6 13 8 15

1983.................................... — — 465 34 6 29 6 14 8 15

1984.................................... — — 427 32 6 28 6 15 9 16

1985.................................... — — 413 32 6 26 6 15 10 16

1986.................................... — — 428 32 6 26 6 15 10 17

1987.................................... — — 444 33 6 24 6 15 10 18

1988.................................... — — 410 35 6 22 6 14 10 18

1989.................................... 632 541 357 22 37 13 — —

1990.................................... 714 615 410 22 39 13 10 15

1991.................................... 755 657 462 20 40 13 10 16

1992.................................... 739 639 457 22 39 13 9 17

1993.................................... 746 651 469 22 38 13 10 16

1994.................................... 774 668 491 25 37 13 9 15

1995.................................... 787 682 504 27 36 13 9 15

1996.................................... 824 716 488 27 37 13 9 14

1997.................................... 785 681 460 31 36 12 8 13

1998.................................... 776 673 481 32 36 11 7 13

1999.................................... 808 702 498 32 37 11 7 13

2000.................................... 811 699 487 33 37 11 7 13

20017 .................................. 1,016 928 648 29 38 11 8 14

20027 .................................. 557 467 330 38 36 10 6 11

2003.................................... 657 552 387 35 37 10 7 11

2004.................................... 666 570 406 35 38 11 6 10

2005.................................... 681 588 424 34 37 12 7 11

2006.................................... 676 580 398 35 36 12 6 11

2007.................................... 692 600 429 35 35 12 7 11

2008.................................... 737 642 469 34 35 13 7 11

2009.................................... 748 645 448 31 36 13 8 12
180 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

High School Completers and Dropouts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

1Includes other racial/ethnic categories not separately shown.

2Based on the April 1960 decennial census.

3White and Black include persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

4Because of changes in data collection procedures, data may not be comparable with figures for years prior to 1992.

5White and Black exclude persons identifying themselves as two or more races.

NOTE: “Status” dropouts are 16- to 24-year-olds who are not enrolled in school and who

have not completed a high school program, regardless of when they left school. People who

have received GED credentials are counted as high school completers. All data except for

1960 are based on October counts. Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutionalized population, which excludes persons in prisons, persons in the military, and

other persons not living in households. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity except where otherwise noted. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey

(CPS), October 1967 through October 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 115. Percentage of high school dropouts among persons 16 through 24 years old (status dropout rate), by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected 

years, 1960 through 2009

Year

Total status dropout rate Male status dropout rate Female status dropout rate

All races1 White Black Hispanic All races1 White Black Hispanic All races1 White Black Hispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

19602 ................ 27.2 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) 27.8 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†) 26.7 (—) — (†) — (†) — (†)

19673 ................ 17.0 (—) 15.4 (—) 28.6 (—) — (†) 16.5 (—) 14.7 (—) 30.6 (—) — (†) 17.3 (—) 16.1 (—) 26.9 (—) — (†)

19683 ................ 16.2 (—) 14.7 (—) 27.4 (—) — (†) 15.8 (—) 14.4 (—) 27.1 (—) — (†) 16.5 (—) 15.0 (—) 27.6 (—) — (†)

19693 ................ 15.2 (—) 13.6 (—) 26.7 (—) — (†) 14.3 (—) 12.6 (—) 26.9 (—) — (†) 16.0 (—) 14.6 (—) 26.7 (—) — (†)

19703 ................ 15.0 (0.29) 13.2 (0.30) 27.9 (1.22) — (†) 14.2 (0.42) 12.2 (0.42) 29.4 (1.82) — (†) 15.7 (0.41) 14.1 (0.42) 26.6 (1.65) — (†)

19713 ................ 14.7 (0.28) 13.4 (0.29) 24.0 (1.14) — (†) 14.2 (0.41) 12.6 (0.41) 25.5 (1.70) — (†) 15.2 (0.40) 14.2 (0.42) 22.6 (1.54) — (†)

1972.................. 14.6 (0.28) 12.3 (0.29) 21.3 (1.07) 34.3 (2.22) 14.1 (0.40) 11.6 (0.40) 22.3 (1.59) 33.7 (3.23) 15.1 (0.39) 12.8 (0.41) 20.5 (1.44) 34.8 (3.05)

1973.................. 14.1 (0.27) 11.6 (0.28) 22.2 (1.06) 33.5 (2.24) 13.7 (0.38) 11.5 (0.39) 21.5 (1.53) 30.4 (3.16) 14.5 (0.38) 11.8 (0.39) 22.8 (1.47) 36.4 (3.16)

1974.................. 14.3 (0.27) 11.9 (0.28) 21.2 (1.05) 33.0 (2.08) 14.2 (0.39) 12.0 (0.40) 20.1 (1.51) 33.8 (2.99) 14.3 (0.38) 11.8 (0.39) 22.1 (1.45) 32.2 (2.90)

1975.................. 13.9 (0.27) 11.4 (0.27) 22.9 (1.06) 29.2 (2.02) 13.3 (0.37) 11.0 (0.38) 23.0 (1.56) 26.7 (2.84) 14.5 (0.38) 11.8 (0.39) 22.9 (1.44) 31.6 (2.86)

1976.................. 14.1 (0.27) 12.0 (0.28) 20.5 (1.00) 31.4 (2.01) 14.1 (0.38) 12.1 (0.39) 21.2 (1.49) 30.3 (2.94) 14.2 (0.37) 11.8 (0.39) 19.9 (1.35) 32.3 (2.76)

1977.................. 14.1 (0.27) 11.9 (0.28) 19.8 (0.99) 33.0 (2.02) 14.5 (0.38) 12.6 (0.40) 19.5 (1.45) 31.6 (2.89) 13.8 (0.37) 11.2 (0.38) 20.0 (1.36) 34.3 (2.83)

1978.................. 14.2 (0.27) 11.9 (0.28) 20.2 (1.00) 33.3 (2.00) 14.6 (0.38) 12.2 (0.40) 22.5 (1.52) 33.6 (2.88) 13.9 (0.37) 11.6 (0.39) 18.3 (1.31) 33.1 (2.78)

1979.................. 14.6 (0.27) 12.0 (0.28) 21.1 (1.01) 33.8 (1.98) 15.0 (0.39) 12.6 (0.40) 22.4 (1.52) 33.0 (2.83) 14.2 (0.37) 11.5 (0.38) 20.0 (1.35) 34.5 (2.77)

1980.................. 14.1 (0.26) 11.4 (0.27) 19.1 (0.97) 35.2 (1.89) 15.1 (0.39) 12.3 (0.40) 20.8 (1.47) 37.2 (2.72) 13.1 (0.36) 10.5 (0.37) 17.7 (1.28) 33.2 (2.61)

1981.................. 13.9 (0.26) 11.3 (0.27) 18.4 (0.93) 33.2 (1.80) 15.1 (0.38) 12.5 (0.40) 19.9 (1.40) 36.0 (2.61) 12.8 (0.35) 10.2 (0.36) 17.1 (1.24) 30.4 (2.48)

1982.................. 13.9 (0.27) 11.4 (0.29) 18.4 (0.97) 31.7 (1.93) 14.5 (0.40) 12.0 (0.42) 21.2 (1.50) 30.5 (2.73) 13.3 (0.38) 10.8 (0.40) 15.9 (1.26) 32.8 (2.71)

1983.................. 13.7 (0.27) 11.1 (0.29) 18.0 (0.97) 31.6 (1.93) 14.9 (0.41) 12.2 (0.43) 19.9 (1.46) 34.3 (2.84) 12.5 (0.37) 10.1 (0.39) 16.2 (1.28) 29.1 (2.61)

1984.................. 13.1 (0.27) 11.0 (0.29) 15.5 (0.91) 29.8 (1.91) 14.0 (0.40) 11.9 (0.43) 16.8 (1.37) 30.6 (2.78) 12.3 (0.37) 10.1 (0.39) 14.3 (1.22) 29.0 (2.63)

1985.................. 12.6 (0.27) 10.4 (0.29) 15.2 (0.92) 27.6 (1.93) 13.4 (0.40) 11.1 (0.42) 16.1 (1.37) 29.9 (2.76) 11.8 (0.37) 9.8 (0.39) 14.3 (1.23) 25.2 (2.68)

1986.................. 12.2 (0.27) 9.7 (0.28) 14.2 (0.90) 30.1 (1.88) 13.1 (0.40) 10.3 (0.42) 15.0 (1.33) 32.8 (2.66) 11.4 (0.37) 9.1 (0.39) 13.5 (1.21) 27.2 (2.63)

1987.................. 12.6 (0.28) 10.4 (0.30) 14.1 (0.90) 28.6 (1.84) 13.2 (0.40) 10.8 (0.43) 15.0 (1.35) 29.1 (2.57) 12.1 (0.38) 10.0 (0.41) 13.3 (1.21) 28.1 (2.64)

1988.................. 12.9 (0.30) 9.6 (0.31) 14.5 (1.00) 35.8 (2.30) 13.5 (0.44) 10.3 (0.46) 15.0 (1.48) 36.0 (3.19) 12.2 (0.42) 8.9 (0.43) 14.0 (1.36) 35.4 (3.31)

1989.................. 12.6 (0.31) 9.4 (0.32) 13.9 (0.98) 33.0 (2.19) 13.6 (0.45) 10.3 (0.47) 14.9 (1.46) 34.4 (3.08) 11.7 (0.42) 8.5 (0.43) 13.0 (1.32) 31.6 (3.11)

1990.................. 12.1 (0.29) 9.0 (0.30) 13.2 (0.94) 32.4 (1.91) 12.3 (0.42) 9.3 (0.44) 11.9 (1.30) 34.3 (2.71) 11.8 (0.41) 8.7 (0.42) 14.4 (1.34) 30.3 (2.70)

1991.................. 12.5 (0.30) 8.9 (0.31) 13.6 (0.95) 35.3 (1.93) 13.0 (0.43) 8.9 (0.44) 13.5 (1.37) 39.2 (2.74) 11.9 (0.41) 8.9 (0.43) 13.7 (1.31) 31.1 (2.70)

19924 ................ 11.0 (0.28) 7.7 (0.29) 13.7 (0.95) 29.4 (1.86) 11.3 (0.41) 8.0 (0.42) 12.5 (1.32) 32.1 (2.67) 10.7 (0.39) 7.4 (0.40) 14.8 (1.36) 26.6 (2.56)

19934 ................ 11.0 (0.28) 7.9 (0.29) 13.6 (0.94) 27.5 (1.79) 11.2 (0.40) 8.2 (0.42) 12.6 (1.32) 28.1 (2.54) 10.9 (0.40) 7.6 (0.41) 14.4 (1.34) 26.9 (2.52)

19944 ................ 11.4 (0.26) 7.7 (0.27) 12.6 (0.75) 30.0 (1.16) 12.3 (0.38) 8.0 (0.38) 14.1 (1.14) 31.6 (1.60) 10.6 (0.36) 7.5 (0.37) 11.3 (0.99) 28.1 (1.66)

19954 ................ 12.0 (0.27) 8.6 (0.28) 12.1 (0.74) 30.0 (1.15) 12.2 (0.38) 9.0 (0.40) 11.1 (1.05) 30.0 (1.59) 11.7 (0.37) 8.2 (0.39) 12.9 (1.05) 30.0 (1.66)

19964 ................ 11.1 (0.27) 7.3 (0.27) 13.0 (0.80) 29.4 (1.19) 11.4 (0.38) 7.3 (0.38) 13.5 (1.18) 30.3 (1.67) 10.9 (0.38) 7.3 (0.39) 12.5 (1.08) 28.3 (1.69)

19974 ................ 11.0 (0.27) 7.6 (0.28) 13.4 (0.80) 25.3 (1.11) 11.9 (0.39) 8.5 (0.41) 13.3 (1.16) 27.0 (1.55) 10.1 (0.36) 6.7 (0.37) 13.5 (1.11) 23.4 (1.59)

19984 ................ 11.8 (0.27) 7.7 (0.28) 13.8 (0.81) 29.5 (1.12) 13.3 (0.40) 8.6 (0.41) 15.5 (1.24) 33.5 (1.59) 10.3 (0.36) 6.9 (0.37) 12.2 (1.05) 25.0 (1.56)

19994 ................ 11.2 (0.26) 7.3 (0.27) 12.6 (0.77) 28.6 (1.11) 11.9 (0.38) 7.7 (0.39) 12.1 (1.10) 31.0 (1.58) 10.5 (0.36) 6.9 (0.37) 13.0 (1.08) 26.0 (1.54)

20004 ................ 10.9 (0.26) 6.9 (0.26) 13.1 (0.78) 27.8 (1.08) 12.0 (0.38) 7.0 (0.37) 15.3 (1.20) 31.8 (1.56) 9.9 (0.35) 6.9 (0.37) 11.1 (1.00) 23.5 (1.48)

20014 ................ 10.7 (0.25) 7.3 (0.26) 10.9 (0.71) 27.0 (1.06) 12.2 (0.38) 7.9 (0.39) 13.0 (1.12) 31.6 (1.55) 9.3 (0.34) 6.7 (0.36) 9.0 (0.90) 22.1 (1.42)

20024 ................ 10.5 (0.24) 6.5 (0.24) 11.3 (0.70) 25.7 (0.93) 11.8 (0.35) 6.7 (0.35) 12.8 (1.07) 29.6 (1.32) 9.2 (0.32) 6.3 (0.34) 9.9 (0.91) 21.2 (1.27)

20034,5 .............. 9.9 (0.23) 6.3 (0.24) 10.9 (0.69) 23.5 (0.90) 11.3 (0.34) 7.1 (0.35) 12.5 (1.05) 26.7 (1.29) 8.4 (0.30) 5.6 (0.32) 9.5 (0.89) 20.1 (1.23)

20044,5 .............. 10.3 (0.23) 6.8 (0.24) 11.8 (0.70) 23.8 (0.89) 11.6 (0.34) 7.1 (0.35) 13.5 (1.08) 28.5 (1.30) 9.0 (0.31) 6.4 (0.34) 10.2 (0.92) 18.5 (1.18)

20054,5 .............. 9.4 (0.22) 6.0 (0.23) 10.4 (0.66) 22.4 (0.87) 10.8 (0.33) 6.6 (0.34) 12.0 (1.02) 26.4 (1.26) 8.0 (0.29) 5.3 (0.31) 9.0 (0.86) 18.1 (1.16)

20064,5 .............. 9.3 (0.22) 5.8 (0.23) 10.7 (0.66) 22.1 (0.86) 10.3 (0.33) 6.4 (0.33) 9.7 (0.91) 25.7 (1.25) 8.3 (0.30) 5.3 (0.31) 11.7 (0.96) 18.1 (1.15)

20074,5 .............. 8.7 (0.21) 5.3 (0.22) 8.4 (0.59) 21.4 (0.83) 9.8 (0.32) 6.0 (0.32) 8.0 (0.82) 24.7 (1.22) 7.7 (0.29) 4.5 (0.28) 8.8 (0.84) 18.0 (1.13)

20084,5 .............. 8.0 (0.20) 4.8 (0.21) 9.9 (0.63) 18.3 (0.78) 8.5 (0.30) 5.4 (0.30) 8.7 (0.85) 19.9 (1.12) 7.5 (0.28) 4.2 (0.28) 11.1 (0.93) 16.7 (1.08)

20094,5 .............. 8.1 (0.20) 5.2 (0.21) 9.3 (0.61) 17.6 (0.76) 9.1 (0.31) 6.3 (0.33) 10.6 (0.93) 19.0 (1.10) 7.0 (0.27) 4.1 (0.27) 8.1 (0.80) 16.1 (1.06)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met. 1Includes persons employed, but not currently working.2Because of changes in data collection procedures, data may not be comparable with figures for years prior to 1992.NOTE: “Status” dropouts are 16- to 24-year-olds who are not enrolled in school and who have not completed a high school program, regardless of when they left school. People who have received GED credentials are counted as high school completers.

Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutionalized populatiothe military, and other persons not living in households. Some data have been may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheSOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populatio

2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 116. Percentage of high school dropouts among persons 16 through 24 years old (status dropout rate), by income level, and percentage distribution of sta

and educational attainment: 1970 through 2009

Year

Status

dropout rate

Status dropout rate, by family income quartile Percentage distribution of status dropouts, by labor force status Percentage distribution of status 

Lowest quartile

Middle

low quartile

Middle

high quartile Highest quartile Total Employed1 Unemployed

Not in

labor force Total

Less than

9 years 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1970................... 15.0 (0.29) 28.0 (0.92) 21.2 (0.65) 11.7 (0.50) 5.2 (0.34) 100.0 (†) 49.8 (1.06) 10.3 (0.65) 39.9 (1.04) 100.0 (†) 28.5 (0.96) 2

1971................... 14.7 (0.28) 28.8 (0.90) 20.7 (0.63) 10.9 (0.49) 5.1 (0.32) 100.0 (†) 49.5 (1.05) 10.9 (0.65) 39.6 (1.02) 100.0 (†) 27.9 (0.94) 2

1972................... 14.6 (0.28) 27.6 (0.85) 20.8 (0.62) 10.2 (0.46) 5.4 (0.33) 100.0 (†) 51.2 (1.03) 10.2 (0.63) 38.6 (1.01) 100.0 (†) 27.5 (0.92) 21973................... 14.1 (0.27) 28.0 (0.85) 19.6 (0.60) 9.9 (0.45) 4.9 (0.31) 100.0 (†) 53.2 (1.04) 9.2 (0.60) 37.5 (1.01) 100.0 (†) 26.5 (0.92) 2

1974................... 14.3 (0.27) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 100.0 (†) 51.8 (1.02) 12.3 (0.67) 35.9 (0.98) 100.0 (†) 25.4 (0.89) 2

1975................... 13.9 (0.27) 28.8 (0.82) 18.0 (0.58) 10.2 (0.45) 5.0 (0.30) 100.0 (†) 46.0 (1.02) 15.6 (0.74) 38.4 (1.00) 100.0 (†) 23.5 (0.87) 2

1976................... 14.1 (0.27) 28.1 (0.79) 19.2 (0.60) 10.1 (0.45) 4.9 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 48.8 (1.01) 16.0 (0.74) 35.2 (0.97) 100.0 (†) 24.3 (0.87) 21977................... 14.1 (0.27) 28.5 (0.80) 19.0 (0.60) 10.4 (0.46) 4.5 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 52.9 (1.02) 13.6 (0.70) 33.6 (0.96) 100.0 (†) 24.3 (0.87) 2

1978................... 14.2 (0.27) 28.2 (0.80) 18.9 (0.60) 10.5 (0.46) 5.5 (0.31) 100.0 (†) 54.3 (1.01) 12.4 (0.67) 33.3 (0.95) 100.0 (†) 22.9 (0.85) 2

1979................... 14.6 (0.27) 28.1 (0.79) 18.5 (0.60) 11.5 (0.47) 5.6 (0.32) 100.0 (†) 54.0 (0.99) 12.7 (0.66) 33.3 (0.94) 100.0 (†) 22.6 (0.83) 2

1980................... 14.1 (0.26) 27.0 (0.77) 18.1 (0.60) 10.7 (0.46) 5.7 (0.32) 100.0 (†) 50.4 (1.01) 17.0 (0.76) 32.6 (0.95) 100.0 (†) 23.6 (0.86) 1

1981................... 13.9 (0.26) 26.4 (0.75) 17.8 (0.57) 11.1 (0.47) 5.2 (0.30) 100.0 (†) 49.8 (1.01) 18.3 (0.78) 31.9 (0.94) 100.0 (†) 24.3 (0.86) 1

1982................... 13.9 (0.27) 27.2 (0.78) 18.3 (0.63) 10.2 (0.48) 4.4 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 45.2 (1.06) 21.1 (0.87) 33.7 (1.01) 100.0 (†) 22.9 (0.90) 2

1983................... 13.7 (0.27) 26.5 (0.77) 17.8 (0.62) 10.5 (0.50) 4.1 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 48.4 (1.08) 18.2 (0.83) 33.4 (1.02) 100.0 (†) 23.0 (0.91) 1

1984................... 13.1 (0.27) 25.9 (0.76) 16.5 (0.61) 9.9 (0.48) 3.8 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 49.7 (1.11) 17.3 (0.84) 32.9 (1.05) 100.0 (†) 23.6 (0.95) 21985................... 12.6 (0.27) 27.1 (0.78) 14.7 (0.60) 8.3 (0.46) 4.0 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 50.1 (1.15) 17.5 (0.88) 32.4 (1.08) 100.0 (†) 23.9 (0.98) 21986................... 12.2 (0.27) 25.4 (0.75) 14.8 (0.60) 8.0 (0.45) 3.4 (0.28) 100.0 (†) 51.1 (1.18) 16.4 (0.87) 32.5 (1.10) 100.0 (†) 25.4 (1.03) 2

1987................... 12.6 (0.28) 25.5 (0.76) 16.6 (0.63) 8.0 (0.46) 3.6 (0.28) 100.0 (†) 52.4 (1.16) 13.6 (0.80) 34.0 (1.10) 100.0 (†) 25.9 (1.02) 21988................... 12.9 (0.30) 27.2 (0.85) 15.4 (0.68) 8.2 (0.51) 3.4 (0.30) 100.0 (†) 52.9 (1.27) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 100.0 (†) 28.9 (1.15) 1

1989................... 12.6 (0.31) 25.0 (0.84) 16.2 (0.71) 8.7 (0.52) 3.3 (0.31) 100.0 (†) 53.2 (1.30) 13.8 (0.90) 33.0 (1.22) 100.0 (†) 29.4 (1.18) 21990................... 12.1 (0.29) 24.3 (0.82) 15.1 (0.65) 8.7 (0.51) 2.9 (0.28) 100.0 (†) 52.5 (1.29) 13.3 (0.88) 34.2 (1.23) 100.0 (†) 28.6 (1.17) 21991................... 12.5 (0.30) 25.9 (0.83) 15.5 (0.66) 7.7 (0.49) 3.0 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 47.5 (1.28) 15.8 (0.93) 36.7 (1.23) 100.0 (†) 28.6 (1.15) 219922 ................. 11.0 (0.28) 23.4 (0.79) 12.9 (0.62) 7.3 (0.48) 2.4 (0.26) 100.0 (†) 47.6 (1.36) 15.0 (0.97) 37.4 (1.32) 100.0 (†) 21.6 (1.12) 1

19932 ................. 11.0 (0.28) 22.9 (0.77) 12.7 (0.62) 6.6 (0.46) 2.9 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 48.7 (1.37) 12.8 (0.91) 38.5 (1.33) 100.0 (†) 20.5 (1.10) 119942 ................. 11.4 (0.26) 20.7 (0.71) 13.7 (0.58) 8.7 (0.45) 4.9 (0.33) 100.0 (†) 49.5 (1.21) 13.0 (0.81) 37.5 (1.17) 100.0 (†) 23.9 (1.03) 119952 ................. 12.0 (0.27) 23.2 (0.69) 13.8 (0.59) 8.3 (0.46) 3.6 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 48.9 (1.19) 14.2 (0.83) 37.0 (1.14) 100.0 (†) 22.2 (0.99) 119962 ................. 11.1 (0.27) 22.0 (0.72) 13.6 (0.60) 7.0 (0.45) 3.2 (0.28) 100.0 (†) 47.3 (1.28) 15.0 (0.91) 37.7 (1.24) 100.0 (†) 20.3 (1.03) 119972 ................. 11.0 (0.27) 21.8 (0.71) 13.5 (0.59) 6.2 (0.42) 3.4 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 53.3 (1.28) 13.2 (0.86) 33.5 (1.21) 100.0 (†) 19.9 (1.02) 119982 ................. 11.8 (0.27) 22.3 (0.71) 14.9 (0.62) 7.7 (0.45) 3.5 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 55.1 (1.22) 10.3 (0.74) 34.6 (1.17) 100.0 (†) 21.0 (1.00) 119992 ................. 11.2 (0.26) 21.0 (0.70) 14.3 (0.60) 7.4 (0.44) 3.9 (0.30) 100.0 (†) 55.6 (1.24) 10.0 (0.75) 34.4 (1.18) 100.0 (†) 22.2 (1.03) 120002 ................. 10.9 (0.26) 20.7 (0.70) 12.8 (0.56) 8.3 (0.46) 3.5 (0.29) 100.0 (†) 56.9 (1.24) 12.3 (0.82) 30.8 (1.16) 100.0 (†) 21.5 (1.03) 120012 ................. 10.7 (0.25) 19.3 (0.68) 13.4 (0.57) 9.0 (0.47) 3.2 (0.27) 100.0 (†) 58.3 (1.24) 14.8 (0.89) 26.9 (1.11) 100.0 (†) 18.4 (0.97) 120022 ................. 10.5 (0.24) 18.8 (0.62) 12.3 (0.53) 8.4 (0.43) 3.8 (0.28) 100.0 (†) 57.4 (1.18) 13.3 (0.81) 29.2 (1.09) 100.0 (†) 22.8 (1.00) 120032 ................. 9.9 (0.23) 19.5 (0.64) 10.8 (0.49) 7.3 (0.40) 3.4 (0.26) 100.0 (†) 53.5 (1.22) 13.7 (0.84) 32.9 (1.15) 100.0 (†) 21.2 (1.00) 120042 ................. 10.3 (0.23) 18.0 (0.60) 12.7 (0.52) 8.2 (0.42) 3.7 (0.27) 100.0 (†) 53.0 (1.19) 14.3 (0.83) 32.7 (1.12) 100.0 (†) 21.4 (0.97) 120052 ................. 9.4 (0.22) 17.9 (0.60) 11.5 (0.51) 7.1 (0.39) 2.7 (0.23) 100.0 (†) 56.9 (1.23) 11.9 (0.80) 31.2 (1.15) 100.0 (†) 18.9 (0.97) 120062 ................. 9.3 (0.22) 16.5 (0.58) 12.1 (0.51) 6.3 (0.37) 3.8 (0.27) 100.0 (†) 56.4 (1.23) 11.7 (0.80) 32.0 (1.16) 100.0 (†) 22.1 (1.03) 120072 ................. 8.7 (0.21) 16.7 (0.59) 10.5 (0.48) 6.4 (0.36) 3.2 (0.25) 100.0 (†) 55.5 (1.27) 11.2 (0.80) 33.3 (1.20) 100.0 (†) 21.2 (1.04) 1

20082 ................. 8.0 (0.20) 16.4 (0.58) 9.4 (0.45) 5.4 (0.34) 2.2 (0.21) 100.0 (†) 46.8 (1.33) 16.3 (0.98) 36.9 (1.28) 100.0 (†) 18.4 (1.03) 1

20092 ................. 8.1 (0.20) 15.8 (0.57) 9.7 (0.45) 5.4 (0.34) 2.5 (0.22) 100.0 (†) 43.2 (1.31) 19.9 (1.06) 36.9 (1.28) 100.0 (†) 17.7 (1.01) 1
182 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

High School Completers and Dropouts

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Students may exit special education services due to maximum age beginning at age 18

depending on state law or practice or order of any court.

2“Dropped out” is defined as the total who were enrolled at some point in the reporting

year, were not enrolled at the end of the reporting year, and did not exit through any of

the other bases described. Includes students previously categorized as “moved, not

known to continue.”

3“Transferred to regular education” was previously labeled “no longer receives special

education.”

4“Moved, known to be continuing” is the total number of students who moved out of the

administrative area or transferred to another district and are known to be continuing in an

educational program.

5Other health impairments include having limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to

chronic or acute health problems such as a heart condition, tuberculosis, rheumatic

fever, nephritis, asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) database. Retrieved September 8, 2010, from

https://www.ideadata.org/PartBData.asp. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 117. Number of 14- through 21-year-old students served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, who exited school, by 

exit reason, age, and type of disability: United States and other jurisdictions, 2006–07 and 2007–08

Age and type of disability

Exiting school

Transferred to

regular

education3

Moved, known to

be continuing4 Total

Graduated

with diploma

Received a

certificate of

attendance

Reached

maximum age1

Dropped

out2 Died

1 23456789

2006–07

 Total.................................................... 394,786 221,306 64,918 5,925 100,831 1,806 66,840 213,544

Age 

14............................................................... 4,924 4 10 † 4,668 242 17,819 43,865

15............................................................... 9,880 38 29 † 9,523 290 15,213 49,041

16............................................................... 23,823 2,089 722 † 20,643 369 14,676 49,796

17............................................................... 147,595 94,994 21,751 † 30,475 375 11,521 41,104

18............................................................... 143,386 93,163 25,681 988 23,295 259 5,692 20,887

19............................................................... 40,763 22,314 8,900 786 8,622 141 1,314 6,216

20............................................................... 14,677 6,288 4,260 1,366 2,671 92 401 1,879

21............................................................... 9,738 2,416 3,565 2,785 934 38 204 756

Type of disability

Autism........................................................ 5,958 3,536 1,567 405 420 30 557 2,441

Deaf-blindness........................................... 181 136 12 11 14 8 5 58

Emotional disturbance ............................... 46,016 19,733 5,021 633 20,458 171 6,984 46,704

Hearing impairments ................................. 4,392 2,927 827 58 563 17 614 1,697

Intellectual disability................................... 45,288 16,987 15,625 2,303 10,039 334 2,447 20,386

Multiple disabilities..................................... 8,328 3,780 1,990 708 1,591 259 316 4,752

Orthopedic impairments ............................ 3,546 2,113 738 128 476 91 532 1,120

Other health impairments5 ......................... 35,970 22,637 4,551 235 8,280 267 8,817 19,822

Specific learning disabilities....................... 232,114 140,795 32,852 1,283 56,614 570 36,183 110,023

Speech or language impairments.............. 9,048 6,028 1,088 50 1,852 30 10,009 5,147

Traumatic brain injury................................. 2,301 1,460 400 79 348 14 171 820

Visual impairmets ...................................... 1,644 1,174 247 32 176 15 205 574

2007–08

 Total.................................................... 369,118 217,905 53,260 5,674 90,766 1,513 51,786 212,337

Age 

14............................................................... 3,668 3 9 † 3,455 201 13,089 43,089

15............................................................... 7,985 28 33 † 7,653 271 11,768 47,994

16............................................................... 20,309 1,898 629 † 17,483 299 11,675 49,661

17............................................................... 135,696 92,651 15,870 † 26,883 292 9,858 41,394

18............................................................... 136,818 91,325 21,036 980 23,244 233 4,025 21,806

19............................................................... 40,670 23,219 8,288 517 8,543 103 960 5,981

20............................................................... 14,335 6,055 4,298 1,243 2,665 74 286 1,749

21............................................................... 9,637 2,726 3,097 2,934 840 40 125 663

Type of disability

Autism........................................................ 7,202 4,549 1,722 401 505 25 545 2,855

Deaf-blindness........................................... 95 54 18 11 9 3 10 43

Emotional disturbance ............................... 42,502 19,400 3,973 582 18,399 148 5,201 44,158

Hearing impairments ................................. 4,213 2,936 737 65 466 9 538 1,788

Intellectual disability................................... 41,877 15,726 14,874 1,978 9,012 287 1,788 19,648

Multiple disabilities..................................... 8,210 3,749 2,095 654 1,447 265 237 4,150

Orthopedic impairments ............................ 3,339 2,071 603 142 438 85 372 1,263

Other health impairments5 ......................... 38,649 25,711 3,835 234 8,652 217 7,259 22,091

Specific learning disabilities....................... 209,969 134,897 23,737 1,476 49,460 399 27,865 108,953

Speech or language impairments.............. 9,329 6,210 1,143 32 1,908 36 7,688 6,087

Traumatic brain injury................................. 2,259 1,466 371 65 329 28 120 810

Visual impairmets ...................................... 1,474 1,136 152 34 141 11 163 491
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Educational AchievementTable 118. Percentage of children demonstrating specific cognitive and motor skills at about 9 months of age, by child’s age and selected characteristics: 2001–Age and selected characteristic

Number of

children (in

thousands)

Percentage

distribution of

children

Percent of children who demonstrate skills1

Specific cognitive skills Specific mo

 Explores

objects2

 Explores

purposefully3

Jabbers

expressively4

 Early problem

solving5

Names

objects6

 Eye-hand

coordination7 Sitting8 Prewalking9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 8 through 10 months

Total........................................................... 2,882 (39.1) 100.0 (†) 98.6 (0.06) 83.2 (0.54) 29.6 (0.57) 3.7 (0.13) 0.6 (0.03) 89.1 (0.26) 86.8 (0.24) 64.7 (0.60) 

Sex of child

Male ............................................................... 1,460 (23.0) 50.7 (0.38) 98.6 (0.06) 82.7 (0.51) 28.8 (0.56) 3.5 (0.14) 0.6 (0.03) 89.3 (0.30) 87.0 (0.27) 65.1 (0.69) 

Female........................................................... 1,422 (22.0) 49.3 (0.38) 98.7 (0.09) 83.8 (0.68) 30.4 (0.71) 3.9 (0.18) 0.7 (0.05) 88.9 (0.36) 86.6 (0.33) 64.4 (0.78) 

Race/ethnicity of child

White.............................................................. 1,569 (29.2) 54.5 (0.63) 98.8 (0.07) 84.0 (0.69) 30.4 (0.72) 3.9 (0.17) 0.7 (0.04) 88.8 (0.37) 86.5 (0.33) 63.8 (0.81) 

Black .............................................................. 381 (11.1) 13.3 (0.38) 98.1 (0.16) 80.8 (0.92) 27.8 (0.99) 3.3 (0.25) 0.6 (0.07) 91.0 (0.33) 88.6 (0.32) 69.7 (0.94) Hispanic ......................................................... 717 (18.5) 24.9 (0.54) 98.5 (0.13) 82.9 (0.82) 29.0 (0.84) 3.4 (0.21) 0.6 (0.05) 88.4 (0.47) 86.1 (0.43) 63.4 (1.00) Asian.............................................................. 79 (3.1) 2.7 (0.10) 98.8 (0.13) 83.3 (0.96) 28.2 (0.92) 3.1 (0.20) 0.5 (0.04) 89.5 (0.53) 87.1 (0.49) 65.2 (1.21) Pacific Islander............................................... 6 (1.5) 0.2 (0.05) 98.9 (0.23) 81.8 (3.58) 23.8 (3.22) 2.0 (0.47) 0.3 (0.07) 95.4 (0.97) 93.0 (1.13) 79.9 (3.81) 

American Indian/Alaska Native...................... 10 (1.1) 0.4 (0.04) 98.4 (0.30) 80.3 (2.72) 27.2 (2.49) 3.4 (0.70) 0.6 (0.18) 90.2 (0.99) 87.8 (0.91) 66.8 (2.15) 

Two or more races ......................................... 115 (9.8) 4.0 (0.33) 98.6 (0.14) 83.0 (1.24) 29.8 (1.51) 3.9 (0.55) 0.8 (0.21) 90.0 (0.94) 87.8 (0.87) 67.7 (2.20) 

Months of age

8 months ........................................................ 642 (32.8) 29.5 (0.90) 97.5 (0.14) 67.9 (1.04) 15.7 (0.53) 1.1 (0.09) 0.1 (0.02) 84.0 (0.52) 82.0 (0.46) 52.7 (1.08) 

9 months ........................................................ 1,389 (28.2) 22.3 (0.99) 98.7 (0.06) 84.5 (0.43) 27.5 (0.44) 2.7 (0.09) 0.4 (0.02) 89.1 (0.32) 86.7 (0.30) 64.2 (0.74) 

10 months ...................................................... 851 (24.2) 48.2 (0.76) 99.3 (0.07) 92.7 (0.33) 43.5 (0.74) 7.1 (0.27) 1.4 (0.08) 92.8 (0.26) 90.5 (0.25) 74.6 (0.63) 

Primary type of nonparental care arrangement13

No regular nonparental arrangement............. 1,459 (28.0) 50.7 (0.90) 98.5 (0.09) 82.4 (0.59) 28.7 (0.55) 3.4 (0.14) 0.6 (0.04) 88.2 (0.34) 86.0 (0.30) 63.1 (0.70) 

Home-based care

Relative care14............................................ 759 (27.1) 26.4 (0.81) 98.8 (0.08) 84.3 (0.67) 30.6 (0.79) 3.9 (0.22) 0.7 (0.06) 90.3 (0.35) 87.9 (0.33) 67.3 (0.84) 

Nonrelative care15 ...................................... 430 (17.1) 14.9 (0.53) 98.8 (0.08) 84.7 (0.80) 31.3 (1.00) 4.3 (0.29) 0.8 (0.08) 90.0 (0.45) 87.6 (0.45) 66.1 (1.14) 

Center-based care16 ...................................... 211 (13.9) 7.3 (0.48) 98.6 (0.19) 82.8 (1.43) 29.3 (1.54) 3.5 (0.39) 0.6 (0.09) 89.0 (0.77) 86.7 (0.71) 64.0 (1.72) 

Multiple arrangements17................................. 19 (4.0) 0.7 (0.14) 98.1 (0.36) 77.5 (3.54) 24.8 (3.12) 2.8 (0.65) 0.4 (0.12) 86.8 (2.89) 84.6 (2.55) 61.8 (5.09) 

Parents’ highest level of education

Less than high school .................................... 388 (12.4) 13.5 (0.42) 98.4 (0.11) 80.0 (0.87) 25.9 (0.79) 2.8 (0.20) 0.5 (0.06) 88.9 (0.62) 86.5 (0.58) 64.4 (1.20) High school completion.................................. 702 (19.8) 24.4 (0.60) 98.4 (0.13) 82.6 (0.89) 29.2 (0.81) 3.6 (0.21) 0.7 (0.06) 89.6 (0.45) 87.3 (0.42) 66.8 (0.91) 

Some college/vocational................................ 847 (24.8) 29.4 (0.68) 98.7 (0.08) 84.4 (0.60) 30.8 (0.69) 3.9 (0.20) 0.7 (0.05) 90.0 (0.35) 87.7 (0.33) 66.7 (0.84) 

Bachelor’s degree .......................................... 497 (16.2) 17.3 (0.54) 98.8 (0.07) 83.9 (0.60) 30.2 (0.71) 3.8 (0.20) 0.7 (0.05) 88.4 (0.46) 86.1 (0.41) 62.5 (1.05) 

Any graduate education................................. 446 (15.7) 15.5 (0.52) 98.8 (0.11) 84.0 (0.94) 30.4 (0.88) 3.8 (0.22) 0.7 (0.06) 87.5 (0.58) 85.4 (0.52) 60.5 (1.23) 

Poverty status18

Below poverty threshold................................. 682 (23.0) 23.7 (0.74) 98.3 (0.14) 80.9 (0.75) 27.1 (0.79) 3.1 (0.21) 0.5 (0.05) 89.1 (0.47) 86.8 (0.43) 65.5 (0.98) 

At or above poverty threshold ........................ 2,200 (37.2) 76.3 (0.74) 98.7 (0.07) 84.0 (0.58) 30.4 (0.63) 3.8 (0.15) 0.7 (0.04) 89.1 (0.27) 86.8 (0.25) 64.5 (0.66) 

Socioeconomic status19

Lowest 20 percent.......................................... 557 (16.8) 19.3 (0.58) 98.3 (0.13) 80.7 (0.72) 26.8 (0.69) 3.0 (0.17) 0.5 (0.04) 89.1 (0.46) 86.7 (0.43) 65.4 (0.90) 

Middle 60 percent .......................................... 1,719 (38.2) 59.7 (0.83) 98.6 (0.08) 83.5 (0.63) 30.2 (0.67) 3.8 (0.18) 0.7 (0.05) 89.5 (0.30) 87.2 (0.28) 65.6 (0.73) 

Highest 20 percent......................................... 606 (18.4) 21.0 (0.63) 98.8 (0.09) 84.8 (0.73) 30.5 (0.79) 3.8 (0.18) 0.6 (0.04) 88.0 (0.45) 85.8 (0.40) 61.5 (0.96) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.1Based on assessments collected using the Bayley Short Form Research Edition (BSF-R), a shortened field method of administeringthe Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) (Bayley 1993). The scores are fully equated with the BSID-II; for more information,see NCES’s Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) Psychometric Report for the 2-year Data Collection. The proficiency probabilities indicate mastery of a specific skill or ability within mental or physical domains.2Ability to explore objects, for example, reaching for and holding objects. The child may have no specific purpose except to play or discover.3Ability to explore objects with a purpose, such as to explore a bell to understand the source of the sound.4Measures proficiency in communication through diverse nonverbal sounds and gestures, such as vowel and vowel-consonant sounds.5Measures proficiency in engaging in early problem solving, such as using a tool to reach an out-of-reach toy or locating a hidden toy.6Measures proficiency in early communication skills, such as saying simple words like “mama” and “dada.”7Measures proficiency in being able to use visual tracking to guide hand movements to pick up a small object.8Measures proficiency in ability to maintain control of the muscles used in sitting with and without support.9Measures proficiency in ability to engage in various prewalking types of mobility, with and without support, such as shifting weight fromone foot to the other.10Measures proficiency in ability to walk with help and to stand independently.11Measures proficiency in being able to walk independently. 

12Measures proficiency in ability to maintain balance while shifting position.13The type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours.14Care provided in the child’s home or in another private home by a relative (excludin15Care provided in the child’s home or in another private home by a person unrelate16Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and presc17Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements18Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2002, which identify a 

needs, given its size and composition. In 2002, a family of four was considered to liv

than or equal to $18,392.19Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score based on parenNOTE: This table is based on a survey that sampled children born in 2001 and was first time when the children were about 9 months of age (i.e., 8 to 10 months). As shoalthough only 6.5 percent were over 13 months of age. Estimates weighted by W1ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and survey item nonSome data have been revised from previously published figures.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, month–Kindergarten 2007 Restricted-Use Data File and Electronic Codebook. (This 

11 through 13 months

Total........................................................... 839 (32.2) 100.0 (†) 99.7 (0.05) 97.3 (0.15) 67.9 (0.54) 22.5 (0.55) 8.2 (0.37) 97.1 (0.17) 95.6 (0.19) 89.0 (0.54) 

Months of age

11 months ...................................................... 425 (19.6) 50.6 (1.54) 99.5 (0.10) 95.8 (0.28) 57.6 (0.77) 14.2 (0.59) 4.0 (0.33) 95.8 (0.28) 93.9 (0.29) 84.4 (0.86) 

12 months ...................................................... 251 (14.8) 30.0 (1.29) 99.8 (0.03) 98.4 (0.13) 74.3 (0.83) 26.9 (0.94) 10.2 (0.65) 98.1 (0.21) 96.8 (0.26) 92.6 (0.71) 13 months ...................................................... 163 (12.1) 19.4 (1.16) 100.0 (†) 99.5 (0.08) 85.0 (0.62) 37.7 (1.04) 16.0 (0.87) 99.0 (0.27) 98.2 (0.30) 95.8 (0.85) 

14 through 22 months ..................................... 260 (19.7) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 99.5 (0.14) 90.0 (0.60) 58.4 (1.44) 40.8 (1.71) 99.5 (0.12) 99.1 (0.13) 98.3 (0.28) 

Table 118. Percentage of children demonstrating specific cognitive and motor skills at about 9 months of age, by child’s age and selected characteristics: 2001–Age and selected characteristic

Number of

children (in

thousands)

Percentage

distribution of

children

Percent of children who demonstrate skills1

Specific cognitive skills Specific mo

 Explores

objects2

 Explores

purposefully3

Jabbers

expressively4

 Early problem

solving5

Names

objects6

 Eye-hand

coordination7 Sitting8 Prewalking9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 119. Percentage of children demonstrating specific cognitive skills, motor skills, and secure emotional attachment to parents at about 2 years of age, by s

2003–04

Selected characteristic

Percentage

distribution

of children1

Percent of children who demonstrate skills or secure emotional attachment

Specific cognitive skills2 Specific motor skills2 

Receptive

vocabulary4

Expressive

vocabulary5

Listening

comprehension6

Matching/

discrimination7 Early counting8 Skillful walking9 Balance10

Fine motor

control11 Uses stairs12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 

Total.................................................. 100.0 (†) 84.5 (0.38) 63.9 (0.53) 36.6 (0.42) 31.9 (0.39) 3.9 (0.14) 92.6 (0.20) 89.4 (0.33) 55.5 (0.48) 48.1 (0.41) 

Sex of child

Male ...................................................... 51.1 (0.21) 81.4 (0.56) 59.3 (0.75) 32.9 (0.58) 28.4 (0.53) 3.0 (0.16) 92.0 (0.26) 88.4 (0.43) 54.2 (0.53) 46.9 (0.44) 

Female.................................................. 48.9 (0.21) 87.7 (0.38) 68.9 (0.59) 40.6 (0.50) 35.6 (0.48) 4.8 (0.20) 93.2 (0.20) 90.5 (0.32) 56.8 (0.53) 49.3 (0.47) 

Race/ethnicity of child

White..................................................... 54.6 (0.61) 88.7 (0.40) 70.7 (0.63) 42.2 (0.52) 37.1 (0.49) 5.2 (0.21) 92.8 (0.23) 89.9 (0.38) 55.8 (0.58) 48.4 (0.50) 

Black ..................................................... 13.4 (0.29) 79.4 (0.93) 55.7 (1.18) 29.9 (0.86) 25.5 (0.75) 2.2 (0.21) 93.3 (0.40) 90.6 (0.66) 58.0 (0.94) 50.2 (0.79) Hispanic ................................................ 24.5 (0.45) 78.3 (0.99) 53.7 (1.19) 28.2 (0.83) 24.1 (0.73) 1.9 (0.16) 91.6 (0.42) 87.9 (0.69) 53.5 (0.76) 46.3 (0.65) Asian..................................................... 2.7 (0.10) 82.5 (1.23) 61.8 (1.40) 35.2 (0.93) 30.5 (0.82) 3.6 (0.27) 92.4 (0.39) 89.2 (0.65) 54.7 (0.91) 47.4 (0.72) Pacific Islander...................................... 0.2 (0.05) 78.8 (4.16) 54.1 (5.83) 27.8 (4.30) 23.2 (3.61) 1.1 (0.36) 92.8 (1.34) 90.0 (2.29) 54.0 (4.00) 46.5 (2.99) 

American Indian/Alaska Native............. 0.5 (0.06) 75.3 (3.99) 50.5 (4.17) 25.9 (2.69) 22.0 (2.23) 1.5 (0.27) 92.4 (0.70) 89.1 (1.28) 55.1 (1.14) 47.9 (0.90) Two or more races ................................ 4.1 (0.31) 85.1 (0.91) 64.7 (1.47) 37.2 (1.26) 32.3 (1.26) 3.7 (0.55) 92.4 (0.54) 89.1 (0.93) 54.4 (1.35) 47.2 (1.11) 

Age of child

22 months ............................................. 2.0 (0.30) 78.1 (2.15) 53.1 (2.77) 28.4 (2.34) 24.5 (2.31) 2.9 (1.01) 90.9 (1.68) 86.5 (2.78) 53.4 (3.05) 46.5 (2.70) 

23 months ............................................. 42.3 (1.22) 81.9 (0.54) 60.1 (0.66) 33.4 (0.47) 28.8 (0.41) 2.9 (0.13) 92.2 (0.27) 88.7 (0.45) 54.3 (0.59) 47.0 (0.49) 

24 months ............................................. 42.0 (1.02) 86.5 (0.42) 66.9 (0.65) 39.1 (0.56) 34.3 (0.54) 4.6 (0.23) 92.9 (0.22) 90.0 (0.37) 56.1 (0.57) 48.6 (0.48) 

25 months ............................................. 13.7 (0.54) 87.4 (0.58) 68.3 (0.91) 40.3 (0.78) 35.4 (0.77) 5.0 (0.35) 93.0 (0.35) 90.2 (0.56) 57.5 (0.79) 50.0 (0.68) 

Primary type of nonparental care 

arrangement15

No regular nonparental arrangement.... 50.8 (0.75) 83.4 (0.50) 62.0 (0.70) 34.8 (0.56) 30.2 (0.52) 3.3 (0.17) 92.2 (0.26) 88.8 (0.43) 54.5 (0.55) 47.2 (0.47) Home-based care

Relative care16................................... 18.6 (0.63) 83.2 (0.70) 61.6 (1.04) 34.7 (0.84) 30.1 (0.78) 3.6 (0.29) 92.7 (0.30) 89.7 (0.49) 55.8 (0.79) 48.3 (0.67) 

Nonrelative care17 ............................. 14.5 (0.57) 86.7 (0.72) 67.8 (1.00) 39.8 (0.81) 34.8 (0.76) 4.4 (0.29) 93.3 (0.27) 90.6 (0.46) 57.1 (0.73) 49.5 (0.63) 

Center-based care18 ............................. 15.6 (0.51) 87.5 (0.69) 69.4 (0.99) 41.6 (0.84) 36.8 (0.82) 5.5 (0.47) 93.0 (0.31) 90.2 (0.50) 56.9 (0.70) 49.5 (0.61) Multiple arrangements19........................ 0.5 (0.09) 81.7 (5.66) 63.1 (7.07) 38.0 (5.92) 33.8 (5.68) 6.2 (2.87) 91.3 (1.70) 87.1 (2.97) 52.4 (3.41) 45.8 (2.92) 

Mother’s employment status

Full-time (35 hours or more) ................. 34.3 (0.76) 85.6 (0.56) 65.8 (0.83) 38.2 (0.66) 33.4 (0.62) 4.2 (0.24) 93.0 (0.25) 90.1 (0.43) 56.6 (0.65) 49.1 (0.57) 

Part-time (less than 35 hours................ 20.3 (0.69) 86.6 (0.64) 67.6 (0.98) 39.7 (0.84) 34.8 (0.80) 4.7 (0.37) 92.8 (0.28) 89.8 (0.47) 55.5 (0.70) 48.1 (0.58) 

Looking for work.................................... 6.3 (0.33) 80.1 (1.28) 56.6 (1.77) 30.2 (1.33) 25.8 (1.20) 1.9 (0.24) 92.0 (0.48) 88.4 (0.81) 53.8 (1.04) 46.7 (0.85) 

Not in labor force................................... 38.8 (0.82) 83.1 (0.56) 61.6 (0.77) 34.7 (0.63) 30.1 (0.60) 3.4 (0.21) 92.2 (0.26) 88.8 (0.43) 54.6 (0.56) 47.3 (0.49) 

No mother in household........................ 0.4 (0.09) 82.1 (4.44) 58.8 (6.94) 33.5 (6.05) 29.3 (5.73) 5.7 (3.06) 94.4 (1.25) 92.4 (2.19) 59.7 (3.58) 51.6 (2.90) 

Parents’ highest level of education

Less than high school ........................... 12.2 (0.37) 76.6 (1.00) 50.5 (1.32) 25.4 (0.95) 21.6 (0.81) 1.3 (0.14) 91.2 (0.43) 87.3 (0.70) 52.7 (0.84) 45.6 (0.69) 

High school completion......................... 25.2 (0.52) 81.9 (0.61) 58.7 (0.88) 31.8 (0.68) 27.2 (0.62) 2.3 (0.18) 92.4 (0.29) 89.3 (0.47) 55.2 (0.66) 47.8 (0.56) 

Some college/vocational....................... 29.7 (0.53) 84.4 (0.62) 64.0 (0.85) 36.6 (0.68) 31.8 (0.65) 3.7 (0.21) 92.5 (0.31) 89.4 (0.51) 55.6 (0.70) 48.2 (0.60) Bachelor’s degree ................................. 17.5 (0.46) 88.6 (0.66) 71.1 (1.11) 42.6 (0.99) 37.4 (0.98) 5.3 (0.47) 93.2 (0.30) 90.5 (0.52) 56.7 (0.79) 49.1 (0.67) Any graduate education........................ 15.4 (0.39) 90.4 (0.60) 74.8 (0.93) 46.5 (0.79) 41.4 (0.78) 7.1 (0.37) 93.0 (0.36) 90.2 (0.61) 56.5 (0.80) 48.9 (0.68) 

Poverty status20

Below poverty threshold........................ 23.0 (0.80) 78.7 (0.85) 54.6 (1.11) 29.0 (0.81) 24.8 (0.72) 2.1 (0.18) 91.8 (0.32) 88.1 (0.53) 54.1 (0.70) 46.8 (0.60) 

At or above poverty threshold ............... 77.0 (0.80) 86.2 (0.37) 66.7 (0.53) 38.9 (0.44) 34.0 (0.42) 4.4 (0.18) 92.8 (0.21) 89.8 (0.35) 55.9 (0.53) 48.4 (0.45) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.1Distribution of weighted Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort survey population between 22 and 25 months of age.2Based on assessments collected using the Bayley Short Form Research Edition (BSF-R), a shortened field method of administeringthe Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) (Bayley 1993). The scores are fully equated with the BSID-II; for more information,see NCES’s Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) Psychometric Report for the 2-year Data Collection. The proficiency probabilities indicate mastery of a specific skill or ability within mental or physical domains.3Secure attachment was measured by trained observers using the Toddler Attachment Sort-45 Item (TAS-45) assessment. The formation of secure attachments in early childhood is an indicator that the child is able to use the parent as a secure base from which to

explore novel stimuli in the environment freely and acquire a sense of self-confidence and adaptability to new and challenging situations.Other possible attachment classifications were avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized/disorientated.

4Ability to recognize and understand spoken words or to indicate a named object by pointing.5Verbal expressiveness using gestures, words, and sentences.6Ability to understand actions depicted by a story, in pictures, or by verbal instructions.7Ability to match objects by their properties (e.g., color) or differentiate one object from another.8Knowledge of counting words, knowledge of ordinality, and understanding of simple quantities.9Ability to walk independently.10Ability to maintain balance when changing position.11Ability to use fine motor control with hands, such as grasping a pencil or holding a piece of paper while scribbling.12Ability to walk up and down stairs, with or without alternating feet.

13Ability to maintain balance when changing position or when in motion, such as jum14Ability to anticipate, regulate, and execute motor movements, such as being able t15The type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours.16Care provided in the child’s home or in another private home by a relative (excludin17Care provided in the child’s home or in another private home by a person unrelate18Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and presc19Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements20Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2002, which identify a 

needs, given its size and composition. In 2002, a family of four was considered to liv

than or equal to $18,392.21Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score based on parenNOTE: Estimates weighted by W2R0. Estimates pertain to sample of children born months of age. Children younger than 22 months (less than 1 percent of the surv(approximately 9 percent of the survey population) are excluded from this table. RacDetail may not sum to totals because of rounding and survey item nonresponse. Shave been revised from previously published figures.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, month–Kindergarten 2007 Restricted-Use Data File and Electronic Codebook. (This 

Socioeconomic status21

Lowest 20 percent................................. 19.1 (0.53) 77.3 (0.89) 51.7 (1.12) 26.5 (0.78) 22.5 (0.67) 1.5 (0.12) 91.7 (0.37) 88.1 (0.60) 53.7 (0.75) 46.5 (0.63) 

Middle 60 percent ................................. 60.3 (0.73) 84.5 (0.47) 63.8 (0.69) 36.3 (0.56) 31.5 (0.53) 3.5 (0.17) 92.5 (0.24) 89.4 (0.41) 55.4 (0.60) 48.0 (0.52) 

Highest 20 percent................................ 20.6 (0.56) 91.1 (0.43) 75.4 (0.80) 46.7 (0.70) 41.5 (0.70) 7.0 (0.38) 93.4 (0.24) 90.9 (0.40) 57.2 (0.64) 49.5 (0.54) 

Table 119. Percentage of children demonstrating specific cognitive skills, motor skills, and secure emotional attachment to parents at about 2 years of age, by s

2003–04—Continued

Selected characteristic

Percentage

distribution

of children1

Percent of children who demonstrate skills or secure emotional attachment

Specific cognitive skills2 Specific motor skills2 

Receptive

vocabulary4

Expressive

vocabulary5

Listening

comprehension6

Matching/

discrimination7 Early counting8 Skillful walking9 Balance10

Fine motor

control11 Uses stairs12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 187

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Reflects performance on language and literacy items (e.g., conventions of print, letter recognition,

understanding of letter-sound relationships, phonological awareness, sight word recognition, and

understanding words in the context of simple sentences). Potential score ranges from 0 to 85. 2Verbal expressiveness using gestures, words, and sentences. Potential score ranges from 0 to 5. 3Includes number sense, geometry, counting, operations, and patterns. Potential score ranges

from 0 to 71.

4Percentage of children who scored 10 on a test with a potential score range of 0 to 10. These children were able to name the colors of five pictured objects (2 points per correct answer).

5Measures the ability to use fine motor skills in drawing basic forms and shapes. Potential score

ranges from 0 to 7.

6Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score based on parental education

and occupations, and family income.

7The type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours.

8Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a relative (excluding parents).

9Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a person unrelated to the child. 10Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and preschools, excluding Head Start.

11Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements. 12Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2005, which identify a dollar amount

determined to meet a household's needs, given its size and composition. In 2005, a family of four

was considered to live below the poverty threshold if its income was less than or equal to $19,971.

NOTE: Estimates weighted by W3R0. Estimates pertain to a sample of children who were born in

2001. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because

of rounding and survey item nonresponse. Standard errors appear in parentheses. Some data

have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), Longitudinal 9-Month–Kindergarten 2007

Restricted-Use Data File. (This table was prepared December 2010.)

Table 120. Children’s reading, language, mathematics, color knowledge, and fine motor skills at about 4 years of age, by age of child and 

selected characteristics: 2005–06

Age and selected characteristic

Number

of children

(in thousands)

Percentage

distribution

of children

Average

early reading

scale score1

Expressive

vocabulary (telling

stories) score2

Average

mathematics

scale score3

Color

knowledge—

percent scoring

10 out of 104 Fine motor score5

1 234567 8

Less than 48 months

Total...................................................... 645 (22.3) 100.0 (†) 21.5 (0.32) 2.1 (0.04) 24.5 (0.31) 49.0 (1.89) 2.5 (0.05)

Sex of child

Male .......................................................... 324 (15.8) 50.3 (1.79) 20.7 (0.48) 1.9 (0.05) 23.5 (0.44) 41.8 (3.03) 2.3 (0.07)

Female...................................................... 321 (16.3) 49.7 (1.79) 22.4 (0.43) 2.2 (0.06) 25.5 (0.45) 56.1 (2.40) 2.8 (0.06)

Socioeconomic status6

Lowest 20 percent..................................... 121 (11.3) 18.7 (1.50) 16.7 (0.35) 1.8 (0.09) 19.1 (0.52) 16.2 (3.65) 2.0 (0.10)

Middle 60 percent ..................................... 380 (16.7) 58.9 (1.67) 21.0 (0.39) 2.1 (0.04) 24.2 (0.39) 50.9 (2.57) 2.6 (0.06)

Highest 20 percent.................................... 144 (10.7) 22.4 (1.59) 26.3 (0.67) 2.2 (0.07) 29.2 (0.64) 67.8 (2.97) 2.9 (0.09)

48 through 57 months

Total...................................................... 2,939 (23.2) 100.0 (†) 25.5 (0.22) 2.4 (0.02) 29.7 (0.20) 63.6 (0.84) 3.4 (0.02)

Sex of child

Male .......................................................... 1,516 (18.2) 51.6 (0.48) 24.6 (0.26) 2.3 (0.03) 29.2 (0.25) 61.2 (1.12) 3.1 (0.04)

Female...................................................... 1,423 (18.4) 48.4 (0.48) 26.4 (0.29) 2.6 (0.02) 30.3 (0.24) 66.1 (1.29) 3.7 (0.04)

Race/ethnicity of child

White......................................................... 1,604 (22.9) 54.7 (0.69) 27.4 (0.30) 2.6 (0.03) 31.6 (0.28) 71.0 (1.11) 3.5 (0.03)

Black ......................................................... 391 (11.5) 13.3 (0.37) 22.9 (0.46) 2.4 (0.04) 26.9 (0.44) 55.3 (2.44) 3.2 (0.06)

Hispanic .................................................... 729 (18.1) 24.9 (0.56) 21.2 (0.36) 2.1 (0.04) 26.2 (0.34) 50.2 (1.79) 3.3 (0.06)

Asian......................................................... 74 (3.6) 2.5 (0.12) 30.5 (0.56) 2.1 (0.05) 34.7 (0.42) 70.7 (2.37) 4.5 (0.09)

Pacific Islander.......................................... 4 (0.7) 0.1 (0.03) 22.2 (2.24) 2.1 (0.18) 26.3 (3.41) 39.0 (9.21) 3.0 (0.34)

American Indian/Alaska Native................. 15 (1.5) 0.5 (0.05) 20.1 (0.89) 2.1 (0.09) 23.2 (0.98) 44.1 (3.83) 3.0 (0.18)

Two or more races .................................... 115 (9.0) 3.9 (0.31) 27.3 (0.89) 2.5 (0.06) 30.2 (0.82) 62.7 (3.04) 3.5 (0.12)

Primary type of nonparental care 

arrangement7

No regular nonparental arrangement........ 535 (20.8) 18.2 (0.69) 22.9 (0.41) 2.3 (0.04) 26.9 (0.41) 51.6 (2.04) 3.1 (0.05)

Home-based care .....................................

Relative care8 ........................................ 384 (18.8) 13.1 (0.65) 23.0 (0.44) 2.3 (0.05) 27.3 (0.42) 53.4 (2.58) 3.2 (0.07)

Nonrelative care9................................... 220 (11.8) 7.5 (0.40) 25.1 (0.51) 2.5 (0.07) 30.2 (0.58) 63.8 (2.72) 3.3 (0.09)

Head Start ................................................ 386 (22.3) 13.2 (0.73) 22.2 (0.35) 2.3 (0.05) 26.8 (0.40) 52.8 (2.55) 3.2 (0.07)

Other center-based care10 ........................ 1,358 (26.2) 46.3 (0.83) 28.0 (0.32) 2.6 (0.03) 32.2 (0.27) 73.5 (1.19) 3.6 (0.04)

Multiple arrangements11............................ 52 (6.8) 1.8 (0.23) 24.6 (0.93) 2.5 (0.10) 29.3 (0.92) 67.1 (5.44) 3.2 (0.23)

Mother's employment status

Full-time (35 hours or more) ..................... 1,149 (26.5) 39.4 (0.85) 25.6 (0.30) 2.5 (0.03) 30.3 (0.24) 67.5 (1.09) 3.5 (0.05)

Part-time (less than 35 hours) .................. 573 (17.7) 19.6 (0.60) 26.3 (0.35) 2.5 (0.04) 30.6 (0.35) 63.5 (2.06) 3.5 (0.05)

Looking for work........................................ 163 (9.9) 5.6 (0.34) 21.7 (0.57) 2.2 (0.07) 25.8 (0.74) 47.1 (3.83) 3.0 (0.11)

Not in labor force....................................... 1,010 (27.1) 34.6 (0.88) 25.5 (0.39) 2.4 (0.03) 29.3 (0.35) 62.1 (1.42) 3.3 (0.04)

No mother in household............................ 22 (4.0) 0.8 (0.14) 21.6 (1.35) 2.3 (0.24) 26.3 (1.25) 57.3 (8.79) 3.0 (0.21)

Parents' highest level of education

Less than high school ............................... 292 (11.9) 9.9 (0.41) 18.7 (0.41) 1.9 (0.06) 23.6 (0.47) 37.3 (2.74) 3.1 (0.09)

High school completion............................. 672 (24.1) 22.9 (0.79) 21.6 (0.28) 2.3 (0.03) 25.9 (0.30) 52.0 (1.64) 3.1 (0.04)

Some college/vocational........................... 998 (23.5) 34.0 (0.76) 24.3 (0.30) 2.5 (0.03) 28.9 (0.28) 63.4 (1.29) 3.4 (0.04)

Bachelor's degree ..................................... 498 (17.6) 17.0 (0.57) 28.8 (0.40) 2.7 (0.04) 33.2 (0.28) 75.6 (1.69) 3.7 (0.08)

Any graduate education............................ 475 (14.6) 16.2 (0.49) 33.0 (0.43) 2.7 (0.04) 36.2 (0.33) 81.0 (1.48) 3.9 (0.05)

Poverty status12

Below poverty threshold............................ 732 (21.0) 24.9 (0.71) 20.5 (0.26) 2.1 (0.03) 24.6 (0.28) 46.9 (1.76) 3.1 (0.05)

At or above poverty threshold ................... 2,207 (28.4) 75.1 (0.71) 27.0 (0.24) 2.5 (0.02) 31.3 (0.21) 68.8 (0.91) 3.5 (0.03)

Socioeconomic status6

Lowest 20 percent..................................... 576 (17.2) 19.6 (0.57) 19.3 (0.31) 2.0 (0.04) 23.6 (0.35) 43.1 (2.15) 3.0 (0.06)

Middle 60 percent ..................................... 1,768 (27.3) 60.2 (0.77) 24.7 (0.22) 2.5 (0.03) 29.3 (0.23) 63.5 (1.07) 3.4 (0.03)

Highest 20 percent.................................... 594 (20.4) 20.2 (0.68) 32.7 (0.43) 2.8 (0.03) 36.2 (0.33) 81.6 (1.51) 3.9 (0.05)

58 or more months

Total...................................................... 356 (16.4) 100.0 (†) 29.7 (0.58) 2.6 (0.04) 34.5 (0.44) 71.1 (2.09) 4.1 (0.07)

Sex of child

Male .......................................................... 179 (12.1) 50.3 (2.21) 29.0 (0.77) 2.6 (0.06) 34.2 (0.64) 66.5 (3.05) 3.7 (0.10)

Female...................................................... 177 (10.5) 49.7 (2.21) 30.4 (0.76) 2.7 (0.06) 34.8 (0.51) 75.9 (2.49) 4.4 (0.10)

Socioeconomic status6

Lowest 20 percent..................................... 91 (8.0) 25.5 (2.26) 22.3 (0.91) 2.1 (0.11) 28.4 (0.97) 47.4 (5.25) 3.6 (0.14)

Middle 60 percent ..................................... 215 (14.7) 60.5 (2.47) 30.0 (0.75) 2.7 (0.05) 34.9 (0.54) 76.0 (2.63) 4.1 (0.10)

Highest 20 percent.................................... 50 (6.9) 14.0 (1.84) 40.3 (2.31) 2.9 (0.10) 42.8 (1.15) 88.5 (2.89) 4.7 (0.18)
188 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Reflects performance on language and literacy items (e.g., conventions of print, letter recognition, understanding of letter-sound relationships, phonological awareness, sight word recognition, and understanding words in the context of simple sentences). Potential score ranges from 0

to 85.

2Includes number sense, geometry, counting, operations, and patterns. Potential score ranges

from 0 to 71.

3Measures the ability to use fine motor skills in drawing basic forms and shapes. Potential score

ranges from 0 to 4.

4The type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours.

5Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a relative (excluding parents).

6Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a person unrelated to the child.

7Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and preschools,

excluding Head Start.

8Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements.

9Primary home language was asked of the parent interview respondent.

10Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2006 (for 2006–07 kindergarten

entrants) and 2007 (for 2007–08 kindergarten entrants), which identify a dollar amount determined to meet a household's needs, given its size and composition. In 2006, a family of four was

considered to live below the poverty threshold if its income was less than or equal to $20,614.

11Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score based on parental education and occupations, and family income.

NOTE: Estimates weighted by WKR0. Estimates pertain to a sample of children who were born

in 2001. About 75 percent of the children born in 2001 entered kindergarten in the 2006–07

school year, and the other 25 percent entered kindergarten in the 2007–08 school year; estimates in this table combine data collected in these two school years. Race categories exclude

persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and survey item

response. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), Longitudinal 9-Month–Kindergarten 2007

Restricted-Use Data File. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 121. Children's reading, mathematics, and fine motor scale scores at kindergarten entry, by age of child and selected characteristics: 

2006–07 and 2007–08

Age and selected characteristic

Number of children

(in thousands)

Percentage distribution

of children

Average early reading

scale score1

Average mathematics

 scale score2 Fine motor score3

1 2345 6

Less than 5 years old (less than 60 months)

Total............................................................ 65 (10.5) 100.0 (†) 35.0 (1.96) 38.3 (1.35) 2.0 (0.18)

Sex of child

Male................................................................ 37 (8.0) 57.0 (7.08) 37.9 (2.96) 39.8 (2.09) 2.1 (0.32)

Female............................................................ 28 (6.0) 43.0 (7.08) 31.1 (2.57) 36.2 (1.98) 1.9 (0.20)

5 to 6 years old

Total............................................................ 3,192 (28.7) 100.0 (†) 42.8 (0.36) 43.2 (0.24) 2.6 (0.03)

Sex of child

Male................................................................ 1,605 (21.3) 50.3 (0.43) 41.6 (0.45) 42.8 (0.31) 2.5 (0.03)

Female............................................................ 1,587 (18.4) 49.7 (0.43) 44.0 (0.42) 43.5 (0.27) 2.7 (0.04)

Race/ethnicity of child

White............................................................... 1,680 (31.9) 52.8 (0.80) 45.1 (0.47) 45.5 (0.30) 2.7 (0.04)

Black ............................................................... 447 (14.3) 14.0 (0.43) 40.2 (0.57) 39.8 (0.48) 2.4 (0.05)

Hispanic.......................................................... 813 (17.8) 25.5 (0.52) 38.4 (0.59) 39.6 (0.42) 2.5 (0.05)

Asian............................................................... 88 (4.5) 2.8 (0.15) 51.4 (0.80) 48.2 (0.45) 3.2 (0.05)

Pacific Islander ............................................... ‡ (†) 0.2 (0.06) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

American Indian/Alaska Native ..................... 15 (1.8) 0.5 (0.05) 36.2 (1.68) 36.2 (2.36) 2.1 (0.23)

Two or more races.......................................... 134 (12.3) 4.2 (0.39) 43.9 (1.50) 43.7 (0.90) 2.6 (0.10)

Primary type of nonparental care arrangement 

prior to kindergarten entry4

No regular nonparental arrangement ........... 551 (22.5) 17.3 (0.72) 38.6 (0.70) 40.2 (0.53) 2.4 (0.06)

Home-based care ..........................................

 Relative care5 ......................................... 382 (23.1) 12.0 (0.70) 39.4 (0.77) 41.1 (0.55) 2.4 (0.07)

 Nonrelative care6.................................... 200 (14.3) 6.3 (0.46) 43.8 (1.19) 45.4 (0.82) 2.7 (0.10)

Head Start...................................................... 436 (28.0) 13.7 (0.86) 38.7 (0.72) 40.1 (0.50) 2.4 (0.06)

Other center-based care7 .............................. 1,565 (32.9) 49.1 (0.89) 46.2 (0.42) 45.3 (0.27) 2.7 (0.03)

Multiple arrangements8 .................................. 54 (8.3) 1.7 (0.26) 41.5 (1.58) 42.1 (1.23) 2.5 (0.20)

Mother's employment status

Full-time (35 hours or more).......................... 1,366 (29.1) 43.1 (0.76) 43.7 (0.42) 43.6 (0.25) 2.6 (0.03)

Part-time (less than 35 hours) ....................... 594 (27.5) 18.8 (0.86) 44.6 (0.67) 45.3 (0.41) 2.7 (0.05)

Looking for work............................................. 172 (13.0) 5.4 (0.40) 36.2 (1.21) 38.3 (0.94) 2.4 (0.10)

Not in labor force............................................ 1,001 (29.2) 31.6 (0.91) 41.8 (0.50) 42.2 (0.38) 2.5 (0.04)

No mother in household................................. 34 (5.8) 1.1 (0.18) 42.8 (2.30) 44.5 (1.87) 2.5 (0.20)

Parents' highest level of education

Less than high school.................................... 345 (15.9) 10.8 (0.47) 33.7 (0.83) 36.8 (0.59) 2.3 (0.09)

High school completion.................................. 793 (26.3) 24.9 (0.80) 38.7 (0.57) 40.0 (0.42) 2.3 (0.05)

Some college/vocational................................ 992 (27.3) 31.1 (0.80) 42.2 (0.54) 42.6 (0.36) 2.6 (0.05)

Bachelor's degree .......................................... 533 (20.2) 16.7 (0.64) 47.9 (0.53) 46.9 (0.43) 2.8 (0.06)

Any graduate education................................. 524 (16.7) 16.4 (0.49) 51.0 (0.56) 49.4 (0.36) 3.0 (0.04)

Primary home language9

English............................................................ 2,571 (28.4) 80.9 (0.69) 43.6 (0.41) 43.8 (0.26) 2.6 (0.03)

Non-English.................................................... 605 (23.6) 19.1 (0.69) 39.3 (0.66) 40.5 (0.43) 2.7 (0.05)

Poverty status10

Below poverty threshold................................. 774 (26.8) 24.3 (0.82) 36.3 (0.51) 38.3 (0.39) 2.3 (0.05)

At or above poverty threshold........................ 2,417 (34.8) 75.7 (0.82) 44.8 (0.38) 44.7 (0.23) 2.7 (0.03)

Socioeconomic status in 200411

Lowest 20 percent.......................................... 643 (22.0) 20.2 (0.65) 35.0 (0.66) 37.7 (0.47) 2.2 (0.06)

Middle 60 percent........................................... 1,924 (34.5) 60.3 (0.93) 42.7 (0.43) 42.9 (0.28) 2.6 (0.03)

Highest 20 percent......................................... 624 (20.9) 19.5 (0.65) 51.2 (0.52) 49.5 (0.33) 3.0 (0.04)

More than 6 years old (73 months or older)

Total............................................................ 640 (29.1) 100.0 (†) 50.4 (0.64) 48.9 (0.49) 2.8 (0.06)

Sex of child

Male................................................................ 352 (20.2) 54.9 (1.87) 49.6 (0.89) 48.8 (0.66) 2.7 (0.08)

Female............................................................ 288 (17.6) 45.1 (1.87) 51.4 (0.82) 48.9 (0.57) 2.9 (0.06)

Socioeconomic status in 200411

Lowest 20 percent.......................................... 111 (12.8) 17.4 (1.80) 43.2 (2.05) 42.5 (1.20) 2.5 (0.13)

Middle 60 percent........................................... 392 (24.1) 61.2 (2.08) 49.5 (0.60) 48.5 (0.52) 2.8 (0.07)

Highest 20 percent......................................... 137 (11.4) 21.5 (1.78) 58.7 (1.11) 54.9 (0.72) 3.1 (0.11)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Status during kindergarten year.NOTE: Reading scale ranges from 0 to 209. Estimates for each assessment round include all children assessed in English inthat round, even if they were not assessed in English in a previous round. In fall 1998, 8 percent of the kindergarten samplewas not administered the English battery because of non-passing scores on the OLDS (Oral Language Development Scale)English proficiency assessment. By spring of first grade, this percentage had decreased to 2 percent. In the third grade andsubsequent years, the OLDS was not administered and all children were assessed in English. Most of the children were infirst grade in 1999–2000, but 5 percent were in kindergarten or other grades (e.g., second grade, ungraded classrooms);most were in third grade in 2001–02, but 11 percent were in second grade or other grades (e.g., fourth grade, ungraded

classrooms); most were in fifth grade in 2003–04, but 14 percent were in fungraded classrooms); most were in eighth grade in 2006–07, but 14 perceninth grade or ungraded classrooms). Data were calculated using C1_7FC0 lished figures because the data were recalibrated to represent the kindergaitem pool. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard eSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statdergarten Class of 1998–99 (ECLS-K), Longitudinal Kindergarten–Eighth Graspring 1999, spring 2000, spring 2002, spring 2004, and spring 2007. (This ta

Table 122. Mean reading scale scores and specific reading skills of fall 1998 first-time kindergartners, by time of assessment and selected characteristics: Selected 

Mean reading scale score Percentage of children with specif

Kindergarten First grade,

spring 2000

Third grade,

spring 2002

Fifth grade,

spring 2004

Eighth grade,

spring 2007

Deriving meaning

from text

Interpret

beyond t

Selected characteristic Fall 1998 Spring 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

Total.................................................. 36 (0.2) 47 (0.3) 79 (0.6) 128 (0.8) 151 (0.7) 169 (0.8) 83 (0.8) 66 (0

Sex

Male ...................................................... 35 (0.3) 46 (0.4) 77 (0.9) 126 (1.0) 149 (1.0) 166 (1.2) 80 (1.1) 63 (1Female.................................................. 36 (0.3) 48 (0.5) 81 (0.8) 131 (1.0) 153 (0.9) 172 (0.9) 85 (0.8) 69 (1

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 37 (0.3) 48 (0.4) 83 (0.8) 135 (0.9) 158 (0.8) 176 (0.8) 89 (0.7) 74 (0

Black ..................................................... 32 (0.5) 42 (0.8) 70 (1.3) 114 (2.0) 135 (1.9) 149 (2.4) 66 (2.6) 45 (2

Hispanic ................................................ 33 (0.5) 44 (0.8) 72 (1.1) 118 (1.3) 142 (1.1) 160 (1.3) 76 (1.3) 57 (1

Asian..................................................... 41 (1.3) 53 (1.7) 90 (2.0) 135 (2.3) 157 (1.8) 178 (2.0) 89 (1.6) 75 (2Other..................................................... 34 (1.4) 46 (1.7) 76 (2.4) 125 (3.9) 150 (4.3) 167 (3.8) 82 (3.3) 64 (4

Parents’ highest level of education1

Less than high school ........................... 30 (0.5) 39 (0.7) 64 (1.5) 103 (1.7) 128 (1.8) 141 (2.2) 58 (2.5) 37 (2

High school ........................................... 32 (0.3) 42 (0.5) 71 (1.0) 118 (1.2) 140 (1.2) 159 (1.3) 75 (1.3) 55 (1

Some college ........................................ 35 (0.4) 46 (0.4) 78 (0.8) 128 (1.1) 151 (1.0) 169 (1.1) 84 (1.1) 66 (1Bachelor’s or higher degree.................. 40 (0.5) 52 (0.7) 89 (1.1) 143 (0.8) 165 (0.8) 183 (0.8) 93 (0.6) 81 (0

Primary home language1

English ................................................. 36 (0.2) 47 (0.3) 80 (0.7) 130 (0.8) 152 (0.7) 170 (0.9) 84 (0.8) 67 (0Non-English ......................................... 33 (0.6) 44 (0.8) 70 (1.1) 113 (1.3) 138 (1.4) 157 (1.6) 73 (1.6) 54 (1

Socioeconomic status1

Lowest 20 percent................................. 30 (0.3) 39 (0.5) 64 (1.1) 105 (1.3) 129 (1.3) 145 (1.5) 62 (1.7) 41 (1Middle 60 percent ................................. 35 (0.3) 46 (0.3) 78 (0.7) 128 (0.8) 151 (0.7) 169 (0.8) 84 (0.8) 66 (0Highest 20 percent................................ 41 (0.6) 54 (0.8) 92 (1.4) 145 (0.9) 167 (0.9) 186 (0.8) 95 (0.6) 84 (0

Grade level in spring 2007

Eighth-grade or above .......................... 36 (0.2) 48 (0.4) 82 (0.6) 133 (0.7) 155 (0.7) 173 (0.9) 86 (0.8) 70 (0

Below eighth grade ............................... 30 (0.5) 37 (0.6) 57 (1.4) 100 (1.9) 126 (2.2) 143 (2.5) 58 (2.7) 39 (2

School type across all waves of the study 

Public school all years .......................... 35 (0.3) 46 (0.4) 77 (0.6) 126 (0.9) 149 (0.8) 166 (0.9) 80 (0.9) 63 (1

Private school all years ......................... 39 (0.6) 52 (0.9) 88 (1.5) 140 (1.4) 163 (1.0) 184 (1.2) 94 (0.7) 81 (1Change in school type during study...... 38 (0.8) 51 (1.1) 84 (1.9) 134 (1.8) 158 (1.4) 177 (1.8) 89 (1.4) 74 (1
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Status during kindergarten year.NOTE: Mathematics scale ranges from 0 to 172, and science scale ranges from 0 to 108. Estimates for each assessment

round include all children assessed in that round, including children assessed in Spanish. In kindergarten and first grade, themathematics assessment was administered in Spanish for Spanish-speaking children who did not pass the English OLDS(Oral Language Development Scale). All assessments were administered in English in third grade through eighth grade. Mostof the children were in first grade in 1999–2000, but 5 percent were in kindergarten or other grades (e.g., second grade,ungraded classrooms); most were in third grade in 2001–02, but 11 percent were in second grade or other grades (e.g.,fourth grade, ungraded classrooms); most were in fifth grade in 2003–04, but 14 percent were in fourth grade or other grades

(e.g., sixth grade, ungraded classrooms); most were in eighth grade in 2006other grades (e.g., ninth grade or ungraded classrooms). Data were calculatepreviously published figures because the data were recalibrated to represenmatics assessment item pool and the third-grade through eighth-grade scexclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parenthesesSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statdergarten Class of 1998–99 (ECLS-K), Longitudinal Kindergarten–Eighth Graspring 1999, spring 2000, spring 2002, spring 2004, and spring 2007. (This ta

Table 123. Mean mathematics and science scale scores and specific mathematics skills of fall 1998 first-time kindergartners, by time of assessment and selected ch

1998 through spring 2007

Mathematics 

Mean scale score

Percentage of children with specific skills, 

eighth grade, spring 2007 

Kindergarten First grade,

spring 2000

Third grade,

spring 2002

Fifth grade,

spring 2004

Eighth grade,

spring 2007

Rate and

measurement Fractions Area and volume

T

s

Selected characteristic Fall 1998 Spring 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Total.................................................. 26 (0.2) 37 (0.3) 62 (0.4) 100 (0.7) 124 (0.7) 140 (0.6) 68 (0.9) 38 (1.0) 16 (0.8) 5

Sex

Male ...................................................... 26 (0.3) 37 (0.4) 63 (0.6) 103 (0.8) 126 (0.9) 141 (0.8) 70 (1.3) 40 (1.3) 18 (1.0) 5

Female.................................................. 26 (0.3) 37 (0.4) 61 (0.5) 97 (0.9) 121 (1.0) 139 (0.8) 65 (1.3) 35 (1.4) 14 (1.0) 4

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 29 (0.3) 40 (0.4) 67 (0.6) 106 (0.8) 130 (0.8) 146 (0.6) 77 (1.0) 46 (1.3) 21 (1.1) 5Black ..................................................... 22 (0.4) 31 (0.6) 52 (0.8) 84 (1.8) 105 (1.8) 123 (1.6) 40 (2.3) 13 (1.8) 4 (1.2) 4Hispanic ................................................ 22 (0.4) 32 (0.5) 57 (0.9) 93 (1.1) 119 (1.1) 136 (1.0) 62 (1.7) 29 (2.1) 10 (1.1) 4Asian..................................................... 30 (1.0) 40 (1.2) 65 (1.7) 107 (2.7) 135 (2.4) 150 (2.3) 81 (3.1) 59 (3.8) 38 (3.7) 5Other..................................................... 25 (1.0) 36 (1.3) 60 (2.1) 97 (3.3) 122 (3.6) 138 (3.2) 65 (5.2) 34 (4.7) 15 (3.2) 4

Parents’ highest level of education1

Less than high school ........................... 20 (0.4) 28 (0.6) 49 (1.1) 81 (1.4) 105 (1.9) 122 (2.1) 41 (2.9) 14 (1.9) 3 (0.8) 3

High school ........................................... 23 (0.3) 33 (0.5) 56 (0.7) 91 (1.0) 114 (1.0) 131 (0.8) 53 (1.4) 21 (1.2) 7 (0.7) 4

Some college ........................................ 26 (0.3) 37 (0.4) 62 (0.6) 100 (1.0) 124 (0.9) 141 (0.8) 70 (1.3) 35 (1.5) 13 (1.0) 5

Bachelor’s or higher degree.................. 31 (0.3) 42 (0.4) 70 (0.6) 111 (0.9) 136 (0.8) 152 (0.7) 85 (1.2) 59 (1.5) 30 (1.4) 5

Primary home language1

English ................................................. 27 (0.2) 38 (0.3) 63 (0.4) 101 (0.7) 125 (0.8) 141 (0.6) 69 (0.9) 38 (1.0) 16 (0.8) 5Non-English ......................................... 21 (0.4) 30 (0.6) 55 (0.8) 91 (1.1) 117 (1.2) 135 (1.1) 58 (1.7) 30 (1.9) 13 (1.2) 4

Socioeconomic status1

Lowest 20 percent................................. 20 (0.3) 28 (0.4) 50 (0.8) 83 (1.1) 105 (1.3) 123 (1.2) 42 (1.8) 14 (1.1) 4 (0.5) 3

Middle 60 percent ................................. 26 (0.2) 37 (0.3) 62 (0.4) 99 (0.7) 123 (0.7) 140 (0.6) 67 (0.9) 35 (1.0) 13 (0.8) 5

Highest 20 percent................................ 32 (0.4) 43 (0.5) 72 (0.7) 115 (0.9) 139 (0.9) 154 (0.7) 88 (1.0) 63 (1.8) 33 (1.8) 6

Grade level in spring 2007

Eighth-grade or above .......................... 27 (0.2) 38 (0.3) 65 (0.4) 103 (0.7) 127 (0.8) 143 (0.6) 73 (1.0) 41 (1.1) 18 (0.8) 5

Below eighth grade ............................... 20 (0.4) 27 (0.6) 47 (1.2) 79 (1.6) 103 (1.9) 121 (1.8) 37 (2.5) 14 (2.5) 5 (1.5) 4

School type across all waves of the study 

Public school all years .......................... 26 (0.2) 36 (0.4) 61 (0.5) 99 (0.9) 122 (0.9) 139 (0.7) 66 (1.1) 35 (1.2) 15 (0.8) 5

Private school all years ......................... 31 (0.6) 43 (0.8) 69 (1.0) 107 (1.7) 133 (1.5) 149 (1.3) 82 (2.4) 50 (3.0) 22 (1.9) 5

Change in school type during study...... 28 (0.7) 39 (0.8) 66 (1.1) 103 (1.5) 128 (1.6) 144 (1.3) 73 (2.0) 44 (2.6) 20 (2.1) 5
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 191

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable. 

1Data for 1971 include persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

2Test scores of Hispanics were not tabulated separately. 

NOTE: The NAEP reading scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels.

Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Students scoring 150 (or higher) are able to follow brief written

directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Students scoring 200 are able to

understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages

about specific or sequentially related information. Students scoring 250 are able to search

for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. Students scoring 300 are able to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. Includes

public and private schools. Excludes persons not enrolled in school and students who were

unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. Beginning in

2004, data are for a revised assessment format that provides accommodations for students

with disabilities and English language learners. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity, except where noted. Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not shown

separately. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard

errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), NAEP 2004 Trends in Academic Progress;

and 2008 NAEP Long-Term Trend Reading Assessment, retrieved May 4, 2009, from

Long-Term Trend NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/).

(This table was prepared May 2009.)

Table 124. Average reading scale score, by age and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1971 through 2008

Selected student 

and school characteristic 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1994 1996 1999 2004 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

9-year-olds 

All students .......................... 208 (1.0) 210 (0.7) 215 (1.0) 211 (0.8) 212 (1.1) 209 (1.2) 211 (1.2) 212 (1.0) 212 (1.3) 216 (1.0) 220 (0.9)

Sex

Male ......................................... 201 (1.1) 204 (0.8) 210 (1.1) 207 (1.0) 207 (1.4) 204 (1.7) 207 (1.3) 207 (1.4) 209 (1.6) 212 (1.1) 216 (1.1)

Female..................................... 214 (1.0) 216 (0.8) 220 (1.1) 214 (0.9) 216 (1.3) 215 (1.2) 215 (1.4) 218 (1.1) 215 (1.5) 219 (1.1) 224 (0.9)

Race/ethnicity

White........................................ 214 1 (0.9) 217 (0.7) 221 (0.8) 218 (0.9) 218 (1.4) 217 (1.3) 218 (1.3) 220 (1.2) 221 (1.6) 224 (0.9) 228 (1.0)

Black ........................................ 170 1 (1.7) 181 (1.2) 189 (1.8) 186 (1.3) 189 (2.4) 182 (2.9) 185 (2.3) 191 (2.6) 186 (2.3) 197 (1.8) 204 (1.7)

Hispanic ................................... [2

] (†) 183 (2.2) 190 (2.3) 187 (3.0) 194 (3.5) 189 (2.3) 186 (3.9) 195 (3.4) 193 (2.7) 199 (1.5) 207 (1.5)

Region

Northeast ................................. 213 (1.7) 215 (1.3) 221 (2.1) 216 (2.2) 215 (2.6) 217 (2.2) 217 (2.9) 220 (1.8) 222 (3.5) 221 (2.5) 225 (1.6)

Southeast................................. 194 (2.9) 201 (1.2) 210 (2.3) 204 (2.0) 207 (2.1) 197 (3.2) 208 (3.0) 206 (2.8) 205 (2.3) 214 (1.6) 220 (2.1)

Central ..................................... 215 (1.2) 215 (1.2) 217 (1.4) 215 (1.9) 218 (2.2) 213 (2.0) 214 (2.3) 215 (2.6) 215 (3.9) 217 (2.5) 218 (1.6)

West......................................... 205 (2.0) 207 (2.0) 213 (1.8) 209 (2.0) 208 (2.6) 210 (2.8) 205 (2.8) 210 (1.9) 206 (1.8) 213 (1.6) 218 (1.3)

13-year-olds 

All students .......................... 255 (0.9) 256 (0.8) 258 (0.9) 257 (0.6) 257 (1.0) 257 (0.8) 258 (0.9) 258 (1.0) 259 (1.0) 257 (1.0) 260 (0.8)

Sex

Male ......................................... 250 (1.0) 250 (0.8) 254 (1.1) 253 (0.7) 252 (1.3) 251 (1.1) 251 (1.2) 251 (1.2) 254 (1.3) 252 (1.1) 256 (1.0)

Female..................................... 261 (0.9) 262 (0.9) 263 (0.9) 262 (0.7) 263 (1.0) 263 (1.1) 266 (1.2) 264 (1.2) 265 (1.2) 262 (1.2) 264 (0.9)

Race/ethnicity

White........................................ 261 1 (0.7) 262 (0.7) 264 (0.7) 263 (0.6) 261 (1.1) 262 (0.9) 265 (1.1) 266 (1.0) 267 (1.2) 265 (1.0) 268 (1.0)

Black ........................................ 222 1 (1.2) 226 (1.2) 233 (1.5) 236 (1.2) 243 (2.4) 241 (2.2) 234 (2.4) 234 (2.6) 238 (2.4) 239 (1.9) 247 (1.6)

Hispanic ................................... [2] (†) 232 (3.0) 237 (2.0) 240 (2.0) 240 (3.5) 238 (2.3) 235 (1.9) 238 (2.9) 244 (2.9) 241 (2.1) 242 (1.5)

Parents’ highest level of 

education

Did not finish high school......... — (†) — (†) 239 (1.1) 240 (1.2) 246 (2.1) 241 (1.8) 237 (2.4) 239 (2.8) 238 (3.4) 238 (2.3) 239 (1.9)

Graduated high school............. — (†) — (†) 253 (0.9) 253 (0.8) 253 (1.2) 251 (0.9) 251 (1.4) 251 (1.5) 251 (1.8) 249 (1.1) 251 (1.1)

Some education after high 

school ................................ — (†) — (†) 268 (1.0) 266 (1.1) 265 (1.7) 267 (1.7) 266 (1.9) 268 (2.3) 269 (2.4) 261 (1.4) 265 (1.1)

Graduated college ................... — (†) — (†) 273 (0.9) 268 (0.9) 265 (1.6) 267 (1.1) 269 (1.2) 269 (1.4) 270 (1.2) 266 (1.2) 270 (1.2)

Region

Northeast ................................. 261 (2.0) 259 (1.8) 260 (1.8) 261 (0.8) 259 (2.4) 259 (1.8) 269 (2.0) 259 (2.6) 263 (2.9) 264 (2.5) 266 (1.7)

Southeast................................. 245 (1.7) 249 (1.5) 253 (1.6) 256 (1.9) 258 (2.2) 256 (2.2) 253 (2.5) 251 (3.3) 254 (2.4) 253 (1.8) 258 (1.9)

Central ..................................... 260 (1.8) 261 (1.4) 265 (1.4) 258 (1.3) 256 (2.0) 257 (1.5) 259 (3.3) 267 (1.8) 261 (1.9) 259 (1.8) 262 (1.9)

West......................................... 254 (1.3) 253 (1.7) 256 (2.0) 254 (1.1) 258 (2.1) 256 (1.6) 253 (2.1) 257 (1.7) 259 (2.2) 253 (1.7) 256 (1.5)

17-year-olds 

All students .......................... 285 (1.2) 286 (0.8) 285 (1.2) 289 (0.8) 290 (1.0) 290 (1.1) 288 (1.3) 288 (1.1) 288 (1.3) 283 (1.1) 286 (0.9)

Sex

Male ......................................... 279 (1.2) 280 (1.0) 282 (1.3) 284 (0.8) 286 (1.5) 284 (1.6) 282 (2.2) 281 (1.3) 281 (1.6) 276 (1.4) 280 (1.1)

Female..................................... 291 (1.3) 291 (1.0) 289 (1.2) 294 (0.9) 294 (1.5) 296 (1.2) 295 (1.5) 295 (1.2) 295 (1.4) 289 (1.2) 291 (1.0)

Race/ethnicity

White........................................ 291 1 (1.0) 293 (0.6) 293 (0.9) 295 (0.9) 295 (1.2) 297 (1.2) 296 (1.5) 295 (1.2) 295 (1.4) 289 (1.2) 295 (1.0)

Black ........................................ 239 1 (1.7) 241 (2.0) 243 (1.8) 264 (1.2) 274 (2.4) 267 (2.3) 266 (3.9) 266 (2.7) 264 (1.7) 262 (1.9) 266 (2.4)

Hispanic ................................... [2] (†) 252 (3.6) 261 (2.7) 268 (2.9) 271 (4.3) 275 (3.6) 263 (4.9) 265 (4.1) 271 (3.9) 267 (2.5) 269 (1.3)

Parents’ highest level of 

education

Did not finish high school......... — (†) — (†) 262 (1.5) 269 (1.4) 267 (2.0) 270 (2.8) 268 (2.7) 267 (3.2) 265 (3.6) 259 (2.7) 266 (2.1)

Graduated high school............. — (†) — (†) 277 (1.0) 281 (0.8) 282 (1.3) 283 (1.4) 276 (1.9) 273 (1.7) 274 (2.1) 271 (1.4) 274 (1.4)

Some education after high 

school ................................ — (†) — (†) 295 (1.2) 298 (0.9) 299 (2.2) 295 (1.9) 294 (1.6) 295 (2.2) 295 (1.8) 285 (1.5) 288 (1.1)

Graduated college ................... — (†) — (†) 301 (1.0) 302 (0.9) 300 (1.4) 302 (1.5) 300 (1.7) 299 (1.5) 298 (1.3) 295 (1.2) 298 (1.1)

Region

Northeast ................................. 291 (2.8) 289 (1.7) 286 (2.4) 291 (2.5) 295 (2.9) 296 (1.8) 297 (4.2) 292 (2.8) 295 (4.0) 286 (2.1) 290 (1.6)

Southeast................................. 271 (2.4) 277 (1.4) 280 (2.2) 284 (2.1) 286 (2.1) 285 (2.5) 283 (2.8) 279 (2.6) 279 (2.4) 278 (1.6) 281 (1.8)

Central ..................................... 291 (2.1) 292 (1.4) 287 (2.2) 290 (1.8) 291 (1.9) 294 (2.4) 286 (3.7) 293 (2.1) 292 (1.5) 289 (1.8) 290 (2.1)

West......................................... 284 (1.8) 282 (1.9) 287 (2.1) 289 (1.6) 289 (1.8) 287 (2.6) 288 (2.8) 287 (2.4) 286 (3.0) 280 (2.7) 284 (1.5)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. Data not collected.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Accommodations were not permitted for this assessment.2The percentile represents a specific point on the percentage distribution of all students ranked by their reading score fromlow to high. For example, 10 percent of students scored at or below the 10th percentile score, while 90 percent of studentsscored above it.3The standard deviation provides an indication of how much the test scores varied. The lower the standard deviation, thecloser the scores were clustered around the average score. About two-thirds of the student scores can be expected to fallwithin the range of one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the average score. For example, theaverage score for all 4th-graders was 221, and the standard deviation was 35. This means that we would expect about twothirds of the students to have scores between 256 (one standard deviation ab

tion below). Standard errors also must be taken into account when making costandard errors, see Appendix A: Guide to Sources. NOTE: Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Includes public and private schools. Excwho were unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in English or due to a Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 December 2, 2010, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/na

pared December 2010.)

Table 125. Average reading scale score and standard deviation, by sex, grade, race/ethnicity, and percentile: Selected years, 1992 through 2009Grade, race/ethnicity, and percentile 19921 19942 1998 2000 2002 2003 2005

2007 

Total Male Female 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 

Average reading scale score

All students4th grade........................................ 217 (0.9) 214 (1.0) 215 (1.1) 213 (1.3) 219 (0.4) 218 (0.3) 219 (0.2) 221 (0.3) 218 (0.3) 224 (0.3) 8th grade........................................ 260 (0.9) 260 (0.8) 263 (0.8) — (†) 264 (0.4) 263 (0.3) 262 (0.2) 263 (0.2) 258 (0.3) 268 (0.3) 12th grade...................................... 292 (0.6) 287 (0.7) 290 (0.6) — (†) 287 (0.7) — (†) 286 (0.6) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Race/ethnicity4th grade White.......................................... 224 (1.2) 224 (1.3) 225 (1.0) 224 (1.1) 229 (0.3) 229 (0.2) 229 (0.2) 231 (0.2) 228 (0.3) 234 (0.3) 

Black .......................................... 192 (1.7) 185 (1.8) 193 (1.9) 190 (1.8) 199 (0.5) 198 (0.4) 200 (0.3) 203 (0.4) 199 (0.5) 208 (0.5) 

Hispanic ..................................... 197 (2.6) 188 (3.4) 193 (3.2) 190 (2.9) 201 (1.3) 200 (0.6) 203 (0.5) 205 (0.5) 202 (0.6) 208 (0.5) Asian/Pacific Islander................. 216 (2.9) 220 (3.8) 215 (5.6) 225 (5.2) 224 (1.6) 226 (1.2) 229 (0.7) 232 (1.0) 228 (1.1) 236 (1.1) 

American Indian/Alaska Native.. ‡ (†) 211 (6.6) ‡ (†) 214 (6.0) 207 (2.0) 202 (1.4) 204 (1.3) 203 (1.2) 200 (1.5) 206 (1.5) 

8th grade White.......................................... 267 (1.1) 267 (1.0) 270 (0.9) — (†) 272 (0.4) 272 (0.2) 271 (0.2) 272 (0.2) 267 (0.3) 277 (0.3) 

Black .......................................... 237 (1.7) 236 (1.8) 244 (1.2) — (†) 245 (0.7) 244 (0.5) 243 (0.4) 245 (0.4) 238 (0.5) 251 (0.5) Hispanic ..................................... 241 (1.6) 243 (1.2) 243 (1.7) — (†) 247 (0.8) 245 (0.7) 246 (0.4) 247 (0.4) 242 (0.6) 251 (0.6) Asian/Pacific Islander................. 268 (3.9) 265 (3.0) 264 (7.1) — (†) 267 (1.7) 270 (1.1) 271 (0.8) 271 (1.1) 266 (1.3) 275 (1.4) 

American Indian/Alaska Native.. ‡ (†) 248 (4.7) ‡ (†) — (†) 250 (3.5) 246 (3.0) 249 (1.4) 247 (1.2) 242 (1.5) 253 (1.5) 

12th grade White.......................................... 297 (0.6) 293 (0.7) 297 (0.7) — (†) 292 (0.7) — (†) 293 (0.7) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Black .......................................... 273 (1.4) 265 (1.6) 269 (1.4) — (†) 267 (1.3) — (†) 267 (1.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Hispanic ..................................... 279 (2.7) 270 (1.7) 275 (1.5) — (†) 273 (1.5) — (†) 272 (1.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Asian/Pacific Islander................. 290 (3.2) 278 (2.4) 287 (2.7) — (†) 286 (2.0) — (†) 287 (1.9) — (†) — (†) — (†) American Indian/Alaska Native.. ‡ (†) 274 (5.8) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†) — (†) 279 (6.3) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Percentile2

4th grade 10th............................................ 170 (1.9) 159 (1.5) 163 (2.1) 159 (2.3) 170 (0.9) 169 (0.5) 171 (0.4) 174 (0.4) 170 (0.5) 179 (0.5) 

25th............................................ 194 (1.1) 189 (1.1) 191 (1.7) 189 (1.4) 196 (0.5) 195 (0.4) 196 (0.3) 199 (0.3) 196 (0.4) 203 (0.4) 50th............................................ 219 (1.3) 219 (1.3) 217 (1.3) 218 (1.7) 221 (0.5) 221 (0.3) 221 (0.2) 224 (0.3) 221 (0.4) 227 (0.3) 75th............................................ 242 (1.1) 243 (1.3) 242 (0.9) 243 (0.8) 244 (0.5) 244 (0.3) 244 (0.3) 246 (0.3) 243 (0.3) 248 (0.4) 90th............................................ 261 (1.4) 263 (1.7) 262 (0.9) 262 (1.4) 263 (0.4) 264 (0.3) 263 (0.3) 264 (0.4) 261 (0.5) 267 (0.4) 

8th grade 10th............................................ 213 (1.2) 211 (1.9) 216 (1.7) — (†) 220 (0.5) 217 (0.6) 216 (0.3) 217 (0.4) 211 (0.5) 225 (0.7) 

25th............................................ 237 (1.1) 236 (1.1) 241 (0.7) — (†) 244 (0.5) 242 (0.3) 240 (0.2) 242 (0.3) 237 (0.4) 247 (0.4) 50th............................................ 262 (1.1) 262 (0.7) 266 (0.7) — (†) 267 (0.5) 266 (0.3) 265 (0.2) 265 (0.2) 261 (0.3) 270 (0.3) 75th............................................ 285 (0.8) 286 (1.1) 288 (1.0) — (†) 288 (0.4) 288 (0.3) 286 (0.2) 287 (0.2) 282 (0.3) 291 (0.3) 90th............................................ 305 (1.3) 305 (1.2) 306 (0.8) — (†) 305 (0.5) 306 (0.2) 305 (0.2) 305 (0.2) 300 (0.3) 309 (0.4) 

12th grade 10th............................................ 249 (0.8) 239 (0.9) 240 (0.6) — (†) 237 (1.5) — (†) 235 (1.1) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

25th............................................ 271 (0.8) 264 (0.9) 267 (0.8) — (†) 263 (1.3) — (†) 262 (0.8) — (†) — (†) — (†) 50th............................................ 294 (0.8) 290 (0.6) 293 (0.6) — (†) 289 (0.7) — (†) 288 (0.8) — (†) — (†) — (†) 75th............................................ 315 (0.5) 313 (0.8) 317 (0.7) — (†) 312 (0.6) — (†) 313 (1.1) — (†) — (†) — (†) 90th............................................ 333 (0.7) 332 (1.2) 336 (0.8) — (†) 332 (0.9) — (†) 333 (1.1) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Standard deviation3 of the reading scale score

All students4th grade........................................ 36 (0.6) 41 (0.6) 39 (0.7) 42 (0.9) 36 (0.3) 37 (0.2) 36 (0.1) 36 (0.2) 36 (0.2) 35 (0.2) 

8th grade........................................ 36 (0.3) 37 (0.4) 35 (0.5) — (†) 34 (0.3) 35 (0.2) 35 (0.1) 35 (0.2) 35 (0.2) 34 (0.2) 

12th grade...................................... 33 (0.4) 37 (0.5) 38 (0.4) — (†) 37 (0.4) — (†) 38 (0.4) — (†) — (†) — (†) 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 193

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable. 

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Accommodations were not permitted for this assessment.

NOTE: Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Includes public and private schools. Excludes persons not

enrolled in school and those who were unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in English or

due to a disability. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been

revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007,

and 2009 Reading Assessments, retrieved May 19 and November 18, 2010, from the Main

NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/). (This table was prepared

November 2010.)

Table 126. Average reading scale score, by grade and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1992 through 2009

Selected student or school 

characteristic 19921 19941 1998 2000 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4th grade, all students ........ 217 (0.9) 214 (1.0) 215 (1.1) 213 (1.3) 219 (0.4) 218 (0.3) 219 (0.2) 221 (0.3) 221 (0.3)

Sex

Male .................................................. 213 (1.2) 209 (1.3) 212 (1.3) 208 (1.3) 215 (0.4) 215 (0.3) 216 (0.2) 218 (0.3) 218 (0.3)

Female.............................................. 221 (1.0) 220 (1.1) 217 (1.3) 219 (1.4) 222 (0.5) 222 (0.3) 222 (0.3) 224 (0.3) 224 (0.3)

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible .............................................. — (†) — (†) 196 (1.7) 193 (1.7) 203 (0.7) 201 (0.3) 203 (0.3) 205 (0.3) 206 (0.3)

Not eligible ........................................ — (†) — (†) 227 (0.9) 226 (1.2) 230 (0.4) 229 (0.3) 230 (0.2) 232 (0.3) 232 (0.3)

Unknown........................................... — (†) — (†) 223 (2.7) 225 (2.3) 226 (1.6) 230 (0.9) 232 (0.9) 233 (1.3) 236 (1.3)

Read for fun on own

Almost every day............................... 223 (1.2) 223 (1.2) 219 (1.5) 218 (1.7) 225 (0.5) 225 (0.3) 225 (0.3) 227 (0.3) 228 (0.4)

1–2 times a week.............................. 218 (1.2) 213 (1.1) 217 (1.2) 216 (1.2) 220 (0.5) 219 (0.3) 220 (0.3) 223 (0.3) 221 (0.4)

1–2 times a month ............................ 210 (1.6) 208 (2.1) 211 (1.9) 212 (1.6) 210 (0.8) 211 (0.5) 213 (0.4) 216 (0.4) 214 (0.4)

Never or hardly ever.......................... 199 (1.8) 197 (1.9) 202 (1.9) 201 (1.8) 208 (0.5) 207 (0.4) 208 (0.3) 211 (0.4) 210 (0.3)

Magazines in home

Yes .................................................... 221 (1.2) 220 (1.1) 221 (1.0) 219 (1.3) 223 (0.5) 223 (0.3) 223 (0.2) 225 (0.3) 224 (0.3)

No ..................................................... 207 (1.1) 201 (1.3) 202 (1.6) 203 (1.7) 209 (0.6) 209 (0.5) 210 (0.3) 213 (0.4) 215 (0.4)

Unknown........................................... 214 (2.1) 206 (2.1) 210 (1.9) 209 (2.4) 214 (0.6) 214 (0.4) 215 (0.4) 218 (0.4) 219 (0.4)

Control of school

Public ................................................ 215 (1.0) 212 (1.1) ‡ (†) 211 (1.4) 217 (0.5) 216 (0.3) ‡ (†) 220 (0.3) 220 (0.3)

Private............................................... 232 (1.7) 231 (2.5) ‡ (†) 231 (1.8) 234 (0.9) 235 (0.8) ‡ (†) 234 (1.1) 235 (1.0)

8th grade, all students ........ 260 (0.9) 260 (0.8) 263 (0.8) — (†) 264 (0.4) 263 (0.3) 262 (0.2) 263 (0.2) 264 (0.3)

Sex

Male .................................................. 254 (1.1) 252 (1.0) 256 (1.0) — (†) 260 (0.5) 258 (0.3) 257 (0.2) 258 (0.3) 259 (0.3)

Female.............................................. 267 (1.0) 267 (1.0) 270 (0.8) — (†) 269 (0.5) 269 (0.3) 267 (0.2) 268 (0.3) 269 (0.3)

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible .............................................. — (†) — (†) 245 (1.0) — (†) 249 (0.5) 247 (0.4) 247 (0.3) 247 (0.3) 249 (0.3)

Not eligible ........................................ — (†) — (†) 269 (1.0) — (†) 272 (0.4) 271 (0.3) 270 (0.2) 271 (0.3) 273 (0.3)

Unknown........................................... — (†) — (†) 272 (2.0) — (†) 271 (1.4) 272 (1.0) 275 (1.1) 277 (1.3) 280 (1.3)

Read for fun on own

Almost every day............................... 277 (1.1) 277 (1.4) 277 (1.0) — (†) 279 (0.6) 279 (0.4) 279 (0.3) 281 (0.4) 282 (0.4)

1–2 times a week.............................. 263 (1.0) 264 (1.1) 267 (1.1) — (†) 266 (0.5) 265 (0.4) 265 (0.3) 265 (0.3) 267 (0.4)

1–2 times a month ............................ 258 (1.2) 257 (0.8) 263 (0.9) — (†) 264 (0.6) 262 (0.3) 261 (0.3) 261 (0.4) 261 (0.4)

Never or hardly ever.......................... 246 (1.4) 246 (1.1) 251 (1.1) — (†) 255 (0.4) 253 (0.3) 252 (0.3) 253 (0.3) 253 (0.4)

Magazines in home

Yes .................................................... 265 (0.9) 264 (0.8) 267 (0.8) — (†) 269 (0.4) 268 (0.3) 267 (0.2) 268 (0.2) 269 (0.3)

No ..................................................... 243 (1.3) 243 (1.5) 248 (1.1) — (†) 254 (0.7) 252 (0.4) 252 (0.3) 255 (0.3) 257 (0.4)

Unknown........................................... 242 (2.0) 237 (2.5) 240 (2.2) — (†) 246 (0.8) 245 (0.9) 247 (0.6) 248 (0.5) 252 (0.5)

Parents’ highest level of education

 Did not finish high school................ 243 (1.4) 238 (1.9) 242 (1.6) — (†) 248 (1.0) 245 (0.7) 244 (0.5) 245 (0.5) 248 (0.6)

 Graduated high school.................... 251 (1.4) 252 (1.2) 254 (1.3) — (†) 257 (0.5) 254 (0.4) 252 (0.4) 253 (0.4) 254 (0.4)

 Some education after high school .. 265 (1.1) 266 (1.3) 268 (1.1) — (†) 268 (0.5) 267 (0.4) 265 (0.3) 266 (0.3) 267 (0.3)

 Graduated college .......................... 271 (1.0) 270 (0.9) 273 (0.9) — (†) 274 (0.4) 273 (0.3) 272 (0.2) 273 (0.2) 274 (0.3)

Control of school

 Public .............................................. 258 (1.0) 257 (0.8) ‡ (†) — (†) 263 (0.5) 261 (0.2) ‡ (†) 261 (0.2) 262 (0.3)

 Private............................................. 278 (2.0) 279 (1.4) ‡ (†) — (†) 281 (0.9) 282 (0.7) ‡ (†) 280 (0.9) 282 (0.9)

12th grade, all students ...... 292 (0.6) 287 (0.7) 290 (0.6) — (†) 287 (0.7) — (†) 286 (0.6) — (†) 288 (0.7)

Sex

Male .................................................. 287 (0.7) 280 (0.8) 282 (0.8) — (†) 279 (0.9) — (†) 279 (0.8) — (†) 282 (0.7)

Female.............................................. 297 (0.7) 294 (0.8) 298 (0.8) — (†) 295 (0.7) — (†) 292 (0.7) — (†) 294 (0.8)

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible .............................................. — (†) — (†) 270 (1.1) — (†) 273 (1.4) — (†) 271 (1.0) — (†) 273 (0.7)

Not eligible ........................................ — (†) — (†) 293 (0.6) — (†) 289 (0.9) — (†) 290 (0.7) — (†) 294 (0.8)

Unknown........................................... — (†) — (†) 295 (1.6) — (†) 294 (1.5) — (†) 295 (1.9) — (†) 296 (2.4)

Read for fun on own

Almost every day............................... 304 (0.9) 302 (1.1) 304 (1.0) — (†) 304 (1.1) — (†) 302 (1.2) — (†) 305 (0.9)

1–2 times a week.............................. 296 (0.7) 294 (1.0) 298 (0.9) — (†) 292 (1.1) — (†) 292 (1.0) — (†) 295 (1.0)

1–2 times a month ............................ 290 (0.9) 285 (1.0) 289 (0.7) — (†) 288 (0.9) — (†) 285 (0.8) — (†) 288 (0.8)

Never or hardly ever.......................... 279 (1.0) 273 (1.1) 275 (1.0) — (†) 275 (1.0) — (†) 274 (0.8) — (†) 275 (0.6)

Magazines in home

Yes .................................................... 295 (0.6) 291 (0.7) 294 (0.6) — (†) 292 (0.7) — (†) 292 (0.6) — (†) 294 (0.7)

No ..................................................... 278 (1.2) 271 (1.2) 277 (1.2) — (†) 277 (1.0) — (†) 276 (1.0) — (†) 281 (0.7)

Unknown........................................... 264 (3.5) 256 (4.2) 247 (5.2) — (†) 255 (3.4) — (†) 260 (2.8) — (†) 263 (1.6)

Parents’ highest level of education

 Did not finish high school................ 275 (1.4) 266 (1.5) 268 (1.8) — (†) 268 (1.5) — (†) 268 (1.7) — (†) 269 (1.0)

 Graduated high school.................... 283 (0.8) 277 (1.3) 279 (1.2) — (†) 278 (1.1) — (†) 274 (0.9) — (†) 276 (0.7)

 Some education after high school .. 294 (0.8) 289 (1.0) 291 (1.0) — (†) 289 (1.0) — (†) 287 (0.8) — (†) 287 (0.7)

 Graduated college .......................... 301 (0.8) 298 (1.0) 300 (0.7) — (†) 296 (0.8) — (†) 297 (0.7) — (†) 299 (0.8)

Control of school

 Public .............................................. 290 (0.7) 286 (0.7) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†)

 Private............................................. 308 (1.3) 301 (1.9) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†) — (†) ‡ (†)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.NOTE: The NAEP reading scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Studentsscoring 150 (or higher) are able to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Students scoring

200 are able to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific orsequentially related information. Students scoring 250 are able to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and makegeneralizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. Students scoring 300 are able to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. Includes public and private schools. Excludes persons not enrolled in school and students who were unable to be tested due to li

Beginning in 2004, data are for a revised assessment format that provides acEnglish language learners. Detail may not sum to totals because of roundingpublished figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, 1996 and 1999; and 200

Assessments, retrieved June 24, 2009, from the Long-Term Trend NAEP Dat

naepdata/). (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 127. Average reading scale scores and percentage distribution of 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds, by amount of reading for school, frequency of reading for fun, a

watching TV/video: Selected years, 1984 through 2008

Time spent on reading and homework

9-year-olds 13-year-olds 

1984 1994 1999 2004 2008 1984 1994 1999 2004 2008 1984 19

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Average scale score

Pages read daily in school and for homework 5 or fewer ............................................. 208 (0.9) 203 (2.3) 202 (1.8) 206 (1.5) 210 (1.1) 250 (0.8) 249 (1.7) 249 (2.0) 245 (1.4) 250 (1.2) 273 (0.8) 271 (1

6–10...................................................... 215 (1.0) 214 (1.7) 212 (1.7) 217 (1.4) 219 (1.3) 261 (0.6) 261 (1.4) 262 (1.7) 257 (1.1) 258 (1.2) 287 (0.9) 284 (2

11–15.................................................... 220 (1.4) 217 (2.3) 221 (2.4) 222 (1.6) 224 (1.4) 264 (1.0) 266 (1.8) 263 (2.1) 263 (1.5) 263 (1.1) 294 (0.9) 288 (116–20.................................................... 215 (1.4) 209 (2.9) 214 (2.0) 220 (1.4) 225 (1.5) 263 (1.1) 263 (2.3) 264 (2.6) 266 (1.9) 267 (1.6) 296 (1.1) 298 (2More than 20......................................... 215 (1.6) 217 (2.4) 217 (2.1) 218 (1.1) 226 (1.2) 261 (1.5) 261 (2.0) 265 (2.0) 261 (1.6) 267 (1.4) 300 (1.2) 304 (2

Frequency of reading for fun Almost every day................................... 214 (1.1) 215 (2.3) 215 (2.4) — (†) 225 (1.2) 264 (1.4) 272 (3.2) 272 (3.2) — (†) 274 (1.4) 297 (1.5) 302 (4

Once or twice a week............................ 212 (1.7) 214 (3.1) 215 (2.6) — (†) 225 (1.3) 255 (1.4) 255 (3.1) 263 (3.2) — (†) 264 (1.1) 290 (1.7) 286 (4

Once or twice a month.......................... 204 (3.3) 213 (5.8) 211 (4.2) — (†) 221 (1.7) 255 (2.1) 255 (5.7) 260 (3.7) — (†) 261 (1.3) 290 (1.8) 286 (4A few times a year................................. 197 (4.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) — (†) 212 (2.0) 252 (3.6) 252 (5.4) 253 (4.4) — (†) 254 (1.3) 279 (2.7) 281 (8Never or hardly ever.............................. 198 (2.7) 193 (3.9) 195 (3.3) — (†) 211 (1.2) 239 (2.5) 237 (5.1) 242 (5.3) — (†) 247 (0.9) 269 (2.4) 258 (5

Time spent on homework yesterday No homework assigned ........................ 212 (1.0) 213 (2.0) 210 (1.9) 215 (1.5) 219 (1.7) 254 (1.0) 250 (1.7) 251 (2.0) 248 (1.7) 251 (1.2) 276 (0.8) 273 (2

Didn’t do assignment ............................ 199 (2.3) 200 (4.3) 204 (4.4) 194 (3.0) 201 (2.6) 247 (1.7) 243 (5.6) 249 (4.2) 245 (2.1) 242 (2.4) 287 (1.4) 285 (2Less than 1 hour ................................... 217 (0.8) 212 (1.4) 214 (1.5) 219 (1.2) 223 (0.9) 261 (0.6) 261 (1.3) 262 (1.2) 258 (1.2) 260 (0.9) 290 (0.9) 288 (1

1 to 2 hours........................................... 216 (1.4) 214 (3.0) 215 (3.2) 218 (1.9) 222 (1.6) 267 (0.8) 268 (1.7) 269 (1.6) 266 (1.4) 269 (1.2) 296 (0.8) 297 (1More than 2 hours................................. 201 (1.9) 193 (6.1) 197 (3.5) 198 (3.6) 207 (3.1) 264 (1.2) 270 (2.4) 269 (3.0) 259 (2.3) 277 (1.9) 303 (1.4) 306 (3

TV/video watched on school day None ..................................................... 212 (3.4) 212 (4.8) 221 (4.6) — (†) 223 (3.0) 264 (2.7) 270 (5.1) 265 (6.0) — (†) 267 (3.0) 300 (1.6) 308 (3

1 hour or less ........................................ 217 (1.5) 216 (1.8) 218 (2.1) — (†) 225 (1.2) 269 (1.1) 270 (1.5) 270 (1.6) — (†) 266 (1.2) 300 (1.2) 299 (2

2 hours.................................................. 222 (1.1) 219 (2.1) 221 (1.7) — (†) 229 (1.1) 268 (0.8) 268 (1.4) 268 (1.6) — (†) 266 (1.1) 295 (0.9) 292 (1

3 hours.................................................. 220 (1.2) 218 (2.2) 218 (2.3) — (†) 227 (1.3) 264 (0.7) 262 (1.4) 263 (1.5) — (†) 262 (1.3) 288 (1.0) 284 (2

4 hours.................................................. 219 (1.0) 212 (1.8) 214 (2.4) — (†) 223 (1.4) 262 (0.9) 254 (2.2) 254 (2.4) — (†) 255 (1.5) 284 (1.0) 276 (4

5 hours.................................................. 214 (1.4) 209 (2.7) 208 (3.0) — (†) 219 (2.2) 257 (1.0) 250 (3.0) 253 (3.2) — (†) 255 (2.6) 277 (1.5) 269 (4

6 hours or more .................................... 199 (0.8) 192 (2.7) 191 (1.7) — (†) 205 (1.2) 245 (1.0) 234 (3.1) 238 (1.8) — (†) 238 (1.4) 269 (1.5) 256 (3

Percentage distribution

Pages read daily in school and for homework 5 or fewer ............................................. 36 (0.8) 28 (1.4) 28 (1.4) 25 (0.9) 25 (0.9) 27 (0.7) 26 (0.9) 23 (1.0) 25 (0.8) 26 (0.8) 21 (0.8) 21 (1

6–10...................................................... 25 (0.4) 26 (0.6) 24 (0.9) 20 (0.5) 20 (0.5) 34 (0.5) 31 (0.9) 31 (1.1) 25 (0.7) 24 (0.6) 26 (0.6) 25 (0

11–15.................................................... 14 (0.4) 14 (0.5) 15 (0.7) 14 (0.6) 14 (0.5) 18 (0.4) 17 (0.6) 18 (0.8) 16 (0.5) 17 (0.5) 18 (0.3) 18 (0

16–20.................................................... 13 (0.4) 14 (0.9) 14 (0.7) 13 (0.6) 14 (0.6) 11 (0.2) 13 (0.5) 13 (0.7) 12 (0.5) 13 (0.4) 14 (0.5) 13 (0

More than 20......................................... 13 (0.5) 17 (1.0) 19 (1.0) 29 (1.0) 28 (0.8) 11 (0.5) 14 (0.8) 16 (1.0) 21 (0.7) 22 (0.9) 21 (0.9) 23 (1

Frequency of reading for fun Almost every day................................... 53 (1.0) 58 (1.6) 54 (1.6) — (†) 48 (0.7) 35 (1.0) 32 (1.8) 28 (1.7) — (†) 26 (0.7) 31 (0.8) 30 (2

Once or twice a week............................ 28 (0.8) 25 (1.5) 26 (1.5) — (†) 23 (0.6) 35 (1.2) 32 (2.1) 36 (1.7) — (†) 25 (0.6) 33 (1.1) 31 (1

Once or twice a month.......................... 7 (0.6) 5 (0.6) 6 (0.6) — (†) 8 (0.3) 14 (0.8) 14 (1.7) 17 (1.6) — (†) 13 (0.4) 17 (0.5) 15 (1

A few times a year................................. 3 (0.3) 3 (0.6) 4 (0.7) — (†) 8 (0.4) 7 (0.5) 10 (1.2) 10 (1.2) — (†) 12 (0.4) 10 (0.5) 12 (1Never or hardly ever.............................. 9 (0.5) 9 (0.8) 10 (0.8) — (†) 14 (0.6) 8 (0.6) 12 (1.7) 9 (1.4) — (†) 24 (0.7) 9 (0.6) 12 (1

Time spent on homework yesterday No homework assigned ........................ 35 (1.3) 32 (2.1) 26 (1.6) 23 (1.5) 18 (1.3) 22 (0.7) 23 (1.4) 24 (1.2) 20 (1.2) 23 (1.2) 22 (0.9) 23 (1

Didn’t do assignment ............................ 4 (0.3) 4 (0.4) 4 (0.3) 4 (0.3) 5 (0.3) 4 (0.2) 6 (0.6) 5 (0.4) 7 (0.3) 7 (0.3) 11 (0.3) 11 (0

Less than 1 hour ................................... 41 (1.0) 48 (1.7) 53 (1.4) 55 (1.2) 60 (1.2) 36 (0.6) 34 (1.0) 37 (1.4) 42 (0.8) 43 (1.2) 26 (0.4) 27 (0

1 to 2 hours........................................... 13 (0.4) 11 (0.7) 12 (0.7) 13 (0.6) 12 (0.5) 29 (0.5) 28 (1.0) 26 (1.0) 24 (0.7) 21 (0.7) 27 (0.5) 26 (1More than 2 hours................................. 6 (0.2) 4 (0.4) 5 (0.5) 6 (0.3) 5 (0.3) 9 (0.3) 9 (0.7) 8 (0.8) 8 (0.5) 6 (0.4) 13 (0.5) 13 (0

TV/video watched on school day None ..................................................... 3 (0.2) 2 (0.2) 4 (0.8) — (†) 4 (0.3) 2 (0.2) 3 (0.3) 4 (0.6) — (†) 5 (0.3) 5 (0.3) 6 (0

1 hour or less ........................................ 14 (0.3) 23 (1.0) 24 (0.9) — (†) 24 (0.6) 12 (0.4) 20 (1.0) 22 (0.8) — (†) 25 (0.7) 25 (0.5) 31 (0

2 hours.................................................. 16 (0.4) 23 (0.7) 21 (0.9) — (†) 18 (0.5) 23 (0.5) 27 (0.7) 29 (0.8) — (†) 25 (0.5) 26 (0.3) 26 (0

3 hours.................................................. 15 (0.3) 16 (0.5) 14 (0.6) — (†) 13 (0.4) 23 (0.4) 22 (0.8) 20 (0.9) — (†) 18 (0.5) 20 (0.3) 18 (0

4 hours.................................................. 12 (0.2) 11 (0.5) 9 (0.4) — (†) 9 (0.4) 17 (0.4) 12 (0.7) 11 (0.6) — (†) 10 (0.4) 12 (0.3) 9 (0

5 hours.................................................. 9 (0.3) 6 (0.4) 6 (0.4) — (†) 6 (0.3) 10 (0.3) 7 (0.4) 5 (0.3) — (†) 5 (0.3) 6 (0.2) 5 (0

6 hours or more .................................... 30 (0.7) 20 (0.8) 22 (1.2) — (†) 26 (0.8) 13 (0.4) 10 (0.9) 9 (0.6) — (†) 13 (0.4) 6 (0.2) 5 (0
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 195

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Data for 1971 include persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

2Test scores of Hispanics were not tabulated separately.

NOTE: The NAEP reading scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. Scale

ranges from 0 to 500. Students scoring 150 (or higher) are able to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Students scoring 200 are able to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about

specific or sequentially related information. Students scoring 250 are able to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and

social studies materials. Students scoring 300 are able to find, understand, summarize, and

explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. Includes public and private

schools. Excludes persons not enrolled in school and students who were unable to be tested

due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. Beginning in 2004, data are for a

revised assessment format that provides accommodations for students with disabilities and

English language learners. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity, except

where noted. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), NAEP 1999 Trends in Academic Progress; and

2004 and 2008 Long-Term Trend Reading Assessments, retrieved May 12, 2009, from the

Long-Term Trend NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/).

(This table was prepared May 2009.)

Table 128. Percentage of students at or above selected reading score levels, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1971 

through 2008

Selected characteristic 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

9-year-olds

Total

Level 150 ..................... 91 (0.5) 93 (0.4) 95 (0.4) 92 (0.4) 93 (0.7) 90 (0.9) 92 (0.4) 92 (0.7) 93 (0.6) 93 (0.7) 94 (0.5) 96 (0.4)

Level 200 ..................... 59 (1.0) 62 (0.8) 68 (1.0) 62 (0.8) 63 (1.3) 59 (1.3) 62 (1.1) 63 (1.4) 64 (1.3) 64 (1.4) 69 (1.0) 73 (0.9)

Level 250 ..................... 16 (0.6) 15 (0.6) 18 (0.8) 17 (0.7) 17 (1.1) 18 (1.0) 16 (0.8) 17 (1.2) 17 (0.8) 16 (1.0) 19 (0.7) 21 (0.8)

Male

Level 150 ..................... 88 (0.7) 91 (0.5) 93 (0.5) 90 (0.5) 90 (0.9) 88 (1.4) 90 (0.8) 90 (1.0) 92 (0.8) 91 (1.1) 92 (0.6) 94 (0.6)

Level 200 ..................... 53 (1.2) 56 (1.0) 63 (1.1) 58 (1.0) 58 (1.8) 54 (1.9) 57 (1.6) 59 (1.5) 58 (2.0) 61 (1.8) 64 (1.3) 70 (1.2)

Level 250 ..................... 12 (0.6) 12 (0.6) 15 (0.9) 16 (0.8) 16 (1.4) 16 (1.2) 14 (1.0) 15 (1.2) 14 (1.3) 15 (1.3) 17 (0.8) 19 (1.0)

Female

Level 150 ..................... 93 (0.5) 95 (0.3) 96 (0.4) 94 (0.5) 95 (1.0) 92 (1.1) 94 (0.6) 94 (0.8) 95 (0.6) 95 (0.8) 96 (0.5) 97 (0.4)

Level 200 ..................... 65 (1.1) 68 (0.8) 73 (1.0) 65 (1.0) 67 (1.4) 64 (1.2) 67 (1.2) 67 (1.9) 70 (1.6) 67 (1.6) 73 (1.2) 77 (1.1)

Level 250 ..................... 19 (0.8) 18 (0.8) 21 (1.0) 18 (0.8) 19 (1.2) 21 (1.2) 18 (1.1) 18 (1.5) 19 (1.3) 17 (1.3) 20 (1.0) 22 (1.0)

White

Level 150 ..................... 94 1 (0.4) 96 (0.3) 97 (0.2) 95 (0.3) 95 (0.7) 94 (0.9) 96 (0.5) 96 (0.5) 96 (0.6) 97 (0.4) 97 (0.4) 98 (0.4)

Level 200 ..................... 65 1 (1.0) 69 (0.8) 74 (0.7) 69 (0.9) 68 (1.6) 66 (1.4) 69 (1.2) 70 (1.5) 71 (1.5) 73 (1.6) 77 (1.0) 81 (1.0)

Level 250 ..................... 18 1 (0.7) 17 (0.7) 21 (0.9) 21 (0.8) 20 (1.5) 23 (1.2) 20 (1.0) 20 (1.5) 20 (1.1) 20 (1.4) 24 (0.8) 27 (1.1)

Black

Level 150 ..................... 70 1 (1.7) 81 (1.1) 85 (1.4) 81 (1.2) 83 (2.4) 77 (2.7) 80 (2.2) 79 (2.4) 84 (1.9) 82 (2.5) 88 (1.7) 91 (1.1)

Level 200 ..................... 22 1 (1.5) 32 (1.5) 41 (1.9) 37 (1.5) 39 (2.9) 34 (3.4) 37 (2.2) 38 (2.8) 42 (3.2) 36 (3.0) 50 (2.3) 58 (2.3)

Level 250 ..................... 2 1 (0.5) 2 (0.3) 4 (0.6) 5 (0.5) 6 (1.2) 5 (1.5) 5 (0.8) 4 (1.5) 6 (1.1) 4 (1.1) 7 (0.8) 9 (0.9)

Hispanic

Level 150 ..................... [2

] (†) 81 (2.5) 84 (1.8) 82 (3.0) 86 (3.5) 84 (1.8) 83 (2.6) 80 (4.6) 86 (2.4) 87 (3.3) 89 (1.3) 93 (0.8)

Level 200 ..................... [2

] (†) 35 (3.0) 42 (2.6) 40 (2.7) 46 (3.3) 41 (2.7) 43 (3.5) 37 (4.6) 48 (3.8) 44 (3.4) 53 (1.7) 62 (1.7)

Level 250 ..................... [2] (†) 3 (0.5) 5 (1.4) 4 (0.6) 9 (2.3) 6 (2.0) 7 (2.3) 6 (1.6) 7 (3.2) 6 (1.7) 7 (0.8) 10 (1.2)

13-year-olds

Total

Level 200 ..................... 93 (0.5) 93 (0.4) 95 (0.4) 94 (0.3) 95 (0.6) 94 (0.6) 93 (0.7) 92 (0.6) 92 (0.7) 93 (0.7) 92 (0.6) 94 (0.4)

Level 250 ..................... 58 (1.1) 59 (1.0) 61 (1.1) 59 (0.8) 59 (1.3) 59 (1.0) 62 (1.4) 60 (1.2) 60 (1.3) 61 (1.5) 59 (1.1) 63 (0.8)

Level 300 ..................... 10 (0.5) 10 (0.5) 11 (0.5) 11 (0.4) 11 (0.8) 11 (0.6) 15 (0.9) 14 (0.8) 14 (1.0) 15 (1.1) 12 (0.8) 13 (0.5)

Male

Level 200 ..................... 91 (0.7) 91 (0.5) 93 (0.6) 92 (0.4) 93 (1.0) 91 (0.9) 90 (1.1) 89 (1.1) 89 (1.2) 91 (0.9) 89 (0.8) 92 (0.6)

Level 250 ..................... 52 (1.2) 52 (1.1) 56 (1.2) 54 (0.9) 52 (1.9) 52 (1.5) 55 (2.0) 53 (1.9) 53 (1.6) 55 (1.9) 55 (1.3) 59 (1.2)

Level 300 ..................... 7 (0.5) 7 (0.4) 9 (0.7) 9 (0.5) 9 (0.9) 8 (0.8) 13 (1.1) 10 (0.7) 10 (1.0) 11 (1.1) 11 (0.9) 11 (0.7)

Female

Level 200 ..................... 95 (0.4) 96 (0.4) 96 (0.4) 96 (0.3) 97 (0.6) 96 (0.6) 95 (0.7) 95 (0.6) 95 (0.6) 96 (0.7) 95 (0.6) 96 (0.5)

Level 250 ..................... 64 (1.1) 65 (1.2) 65 (1.1) 64 (0.8) 65 (1.4) 65 (1.5) 68 (1.4) 68 (1.7) 66 (1.6) 66 (1.9) 65 (1.3) 66 (1.0)

Level 300 ..................... 12 (0.6) 13 (0.7) 13 (0.6) 13 (0.6) 13 (0.9) 14 (0.9) 18 (1.1) 18 (1.1) 17 (1.3) 18 (1.7) 14 (1.0) 16 (0.9)

White

Level 200 ..................... 96 1 (0.3) 96 (0.2) 97 (0.2) 96 (0.2) 96 (0.6) 96 (0.6) 96 (0.6) 95 (0.7) 95 (0.5) 96 (0.6) 95 (0.5) 96 (0.4)

Level 250 ..................... 64 1 (0.9) 65 (0.9) 68 (0.8) 65 (0.8) 64 (1.5) 65 (1.2) 68 (1.4) 68 (1.3) 69 (1.4) 69 (1.7) 68 (1.1) 72 (1.2)

Level 300 ..................... 11 1 (0.5) 12 (0.5) 14 (0.6) 13 (0.6) 12 (0.9) 13 (0.9) 18 (1.1) 17 (1.0) 17 (1.3) 18 (1.4) 16 (0.9) 18 (0.8)

Black

Level 200 ..................... 74 1 (1.7) 77 (1.3) 84 (1.7) 85 (1.2) 91 (2.2) 88 (2.3) 82 (2.7) 81 (2.3) 82 (3.2) 85 (2.3) 86 (1.5) 91 (1.1)

Level 250 ..................... 21 1 (1.2) 25 (1.6) 30 (2.0) 35 (1.3) 40 (2.3) 42 (3.5) 38 (2.7) 36 (3.5) 34 (3.9) 38 (2.7) 40 (2.3) 48 (2.3)

Level 300 ..................... 1 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.5) 3 (0.6) 5 (1.2) 5 (0.8) 6 (1.4) 4 (1.2) 3 (0.9) 5 (1.4) 4 (0.7) 6 (0.8)

Hispanic

Level 200 ..................... [2

] (†) 81 (2.3) 87 (2.4) 86 (1.7) 87 (2.6) 86 (2.4) 83 (3.5) 82 (2.7) 85 (3.2) 89 (2.8) 85 (1.9) 87 (1.3)

Level 250 ..................... [2

] (†) 32 (3.6) 35 (2.6) 39 (2.3) 38 (4.4) 37 (2.9) 41 (5.1) 34 (3.9) 38 (3.7) 43 (3.8) 44 (2.3) 44 (1.8)

Level 300 ..................... [2

] (†) 2 (1.0) 2 (0.6) 4 (1.0) 4 (1.9) 4 (1.2) 6 (1.9) 4 (1.8) 5 (1.7) 6 (1.8) 5 (1.2) 5 (0.6)

17-year-olds

Total

Level 250 ..................... 79 (0.9) 80 (0.7) 81 (0.9) 83 (0.6) 86 (0.8) 84 (1.0) 83 (0.8) 81 (1.0) 82 (0.8) 82 (1.0) 79 (0.9) 80 (0.6)

Level 300 ..................... 39 (1.0) 39 (0.8) 38 (1.1) 40 (1.0) 41 (1.5) 41 (1.0) 43 (1.1) 41 (1.2) 39 (1.4) 40 (1.4) 36 (1.2) 39 (0.8)

Male

Level 250 ..................... 74 (1.0) 76 (0.8) 78 (1.0) 80 (0.7) 83 (1.4) 80 (1.4) 78 (1.2) 76 (1.5) 77 (1.2) 77 (1.5) 73 (1.2) 76 (0.8)

Level 300 ..................... 34 (1.1) 34 (1.0) 35 (1.3) 36 (1.0) 37 (2.3) 36 (1.5) 38 (1.6) 36 (1.9) 34 (1.9) 34 (1.7) 32 (1.2) 35 (0.9)

Female

Level 250 ..................... 83 (1.0) 84 (0.9) 84 (1.0) 87 (0.6) 88 (1.1) 89 (1.0) 87 (1.1) 86 (1.2) 87 (1.0) 87 (1.0) 84 (0.9) 84 (0.8)

Level 300 ..................... 44 (1.2) 44 (0.9) 41 (1.2) 45 (1.1) 44 (2.0) 47 (1.3) 48 (1.5) 46 (1.5) 45 (1.7) 45 (1.8) 41 (1.6) 43 (1.0)

White

Level 250 ..................... 84 1 (0.7) 86 (0.6) 87 (0.6) 88 (0.5) 89 (0.9) 88 (1.1) 88 (0.9) 86 (1.1) 87 (0.8) 87 (1.3) 83 (0.9) 87 (0.6)

Level 300 ..................... 43 1 (0.9) 44 (0.8) 43 (1.1) 47 (1.1) 45 (1.6) 48 (1.2) 50 (1.4) 48 (1.4) 46 (1.5) 46 (1.5) 42 (1.3) 47 (1.0)

Black

Level 250 ..................... 40 1 (1.6) 43 (1.6) 44 (2.0) 65 (1.5) 76 (2.4) 69 (2.8) 61 (2.3) 66 (4.1) 68 (4.0) 66 (2.5) 64 (2.2) 67 (2.4)

Level 300 ..................... 8 1 (0.9) 8 (0.7) 7 (0.8) 16 (1.0) 25 (3.1) 20 (1.8) 17 (2.5) 22 (3.7) 18 (2.2) 17 (1.7) 16 (1.8) 21 (1.5)

Hispanic

Level 250 ..................... [2] (†) 53 (4.1) 62 (3.1) 68 (2.4) 71 (4.8) 75 (4.7) 69 (4.0) 63 (4.4) 65 (4.2) 68 (4.3) 67 (2.4) 70 (1.5)

Level 300 ..................... [2

] (†) 13 (2.7) 17 (2.1) 21 (3.0) 23 (3.7) 27 (3.3) 27 (3.2) 20 (3.0) 20 (4.8) 24 (3.8) 23 (2.1) 22 (1.0)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 129. Average reading scale score and percentage of 4th-graders in public schools attaining reading achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and state or juris

through 2009

State or jurisdiction

Average scale score1 Average scale score1 by race/ethnicity,2 2009

1992 1994 1998 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009 White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

Ameri

IndAla

Na

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 

United States ............ 215 (1.0) 212 (1.1) 212 (1.2) 217 (0.5) 216 (0.3) 217 (0.2) 220 (0.3) 220 (0.3) 229 (0.3) 204 (0.5) 204 (0.5) 234 (1.1) 206 (

Alabama ............................ 207 (1.7) 208 (1.5) 211 (1.9) 207 (1.4) 207 (1.7) 208 (1.2) 216 (1.3) 216 (1.2) 225 (1.3) 201 (1.6) 200 (4.5) ‡ (†) ‡ Alaska................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 212 (1.6) 211 (1.4) 214 (1.0) 211 (1.2) 226 (1.0) 204 (3.3) 215 (2.1) 208 (2.5) 179 (Arizona ............................. 209 (1.2) 206 (1.9) 206 (1.4) 205 (1.5) 209 (1.2) 207 (1.6) 210 (1.6) 210 (1.2) 225 (1.4) 206 (4.3) 198 (1.6) 228 (5.1) 190 (4Arkansas............................ 211 (1.2) 209 (1.7) 209 (1.6) 213 (1.4) 214 (1.4) 217 (1.1) 217 (1.2) 216 (1.1) 224 (1.2) 199 (1.6) 202 (3.1) ‡ (†) ‡ 

California6,7 ........................ 202 (2.0) 197 (1.8) 202 (2.5) 206 (2.5) 206 (1.2) 207 (0.7) 209 (1.0) 210 (1.5) 227 (2.0) 200 (3.3) 196 (1.2) 234 (3.8) ‡ 

Colorado ............................ 217 (1.1) 213 (1.3) 220 (1.4) — (†) 224 (1.2) 224 (1.1) 224 (1.1) 226 (1.2) 236 (1.1) 213 (4.0) 204 (2.0) 238 (4.8) ‡ Connecticut........................ 222 (1.3) 222 (1.6) 230 (1.6) 229 (1.1) 228 (1.1) 226 (1.0) 227 (1.3) 229 (1.1) 238 (1.0) 209 (2.8) 205 (2.0) 239 (4.6) ‡ Delaware8 .......................... 213 (0.6) 206 (1.1) 207 (1.7) 224 (0.6) 224 (0.7) 226 (0.8) 225 (0.7) 226 (0.5) 235 (0.8) 213 (0.9) 216 (1.8) 242 (5.0) ‡ 

District of Columbia ........... 188 (0.8) 179 (0.9) 179 (1.2) 191 (0.9) 188 (0.9) 191 (1.0) 197 (0.9) 202 (1.0) 256 (2.9) 196 (1.0) 207 (2.5) ‡ (†) ‡ Florida................................ 208 (1.2) 205 (1.7) 206 (1.4) 214 (1.4) 218 (1.1) 220 (0.9) 224 (0.8) 226 (1.0) 233 (1.2) 211 (1.7) 223 (1.2) 237 (3.9) ‡ Georgia.............................. 212 (1.5) 207 (2.4) 209 (1.4) 215 (1.0) 214 (1.3) 214 (1.2) 219 (0.9) 218 (1.1) 229 (1.2) 204 (1.6) 208 (2.6) 238 (5.1) ‡ Hawaii................................ 203 (1.7) 201 (1.7) 200 (1.5) 208 (0.9) 208 (1.4) 210 (1.0) 213 (1.1) 211 (1.0) 226 (2.3) 204 (7.3) 215 (4.3) 208 (1.2) ‡ Idaho.................................. 219 (0.9) ‡ (†) — (†) 220 (1.1) 218 (1.0) 222 (0.9) 223 (0.8) 221 (0.9) 225 (0.8) ‡ (†) 201 (2.1) 225 (4.1) ‡ Illinois................................. — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 216 (1.6) 217 (1.2) 219 (1.2) 219 (1.4) 231 (1.3) 198 (1.9) 203 (2.3) 249 (3.1) ‡ 

Indiana............................... 221 (1.3) 220 (1.3) — (†) 222 (1.4) 220 (1.0) 218 (1.1) 222 (0.9) 223 (1.1) 227 (0.9) 206 (4.0) 203 (3.5) ‡ (†) ‡ Iowa6,7 ................................ 225 (1.1) 223 (1.3) 220 (1.6) 223 (1.1) 223 (1.1) 221 (0.9) 225 (1.1) 221 (1.2) 224 (1.2) 203 (4.1) 207 (3.1) 229 (5.8) ‡ 

Kansas6,7 ........................... — (†) — (†) 221 (1.4) 222 (1.4) 220 (1.2) 221 (1.3) 225 (1.1) 224 (1.3) 229 (1.2) 210 (3.6) 210 (2.9) 234 (4.7) ‡ 

Kentucky ............................ 213 (1.3) 212 (1.6) 218 (1.5) 219 (1.1) 219 (1.3) 220 (1.1) 222 (1.1) 226 (1.1) 228 (1.1) 204 (2.3) 215 (3.9) 243 (5.9) ‡ 

Louisiana ........................... 204 (1.2) 197 (1.3) 200 (1.6) 207 (1.7) 205 (1.4) 209 (1.3) 207 (1.6) 207 (1.1) 219 (1.4) 196 (1.3) 206 (3.3) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Maine................................. 227 (1.1) 228 (1.3) 225 (1.4) 225 (1.1) 224 (0.9) 225 (0.9) 226 (0.9) 224 (0.9) 225 (0.8) 198 (9.7) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ Maryland............................ 211 (1.6) 210 (1.5) 212 (1.6) 217 (1.5) 219 (1.4) 220 (1.3) 225 (1.1) 226 (1.4) 237 (1.9) 210 (1.4) 221 (2.6) 245 (3.3) ‡ 

Massachusetts6 ................. 226 (0.9) 223 (1.3) 223 (1.4) 234 (1.1) 228 (1.2) 231 (0.9) 236 (1.1) 234 (1.1) 241 (1.0) 216 (2.0) 211 (2.5) 241 (3.0) ‡ 

Michigan ............................ 216 (1.5) ‡ (†) 216 (1.5) 219 (1.1) 219 (1.2) 218 (1.5) 220 (1.4) 218 (1.0) 225 (1.1) 194 (2.0) 206 (3.6) 234 (4.3) ‡ Minnesota6,7....................... 221 (1.2) 218 (1.4) 219 (1.7) 225 (1.1) 223 (1.1) 225 (1.3) 225 (1.1) 223 (1.3) 230 (1.1) 195 (2.7) 194 (3.2) 219 (4.9) 200 (

Mississippi ......................... 199 (1.3) 202 (1.6) 203 (1.3) 203 (1.3) 205 (1.3) 204 (1.4) 208 (1.0) 211 (1.1) 225 (1.4) 198 (1.1) 212 (5.7) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Missouri ............................. 220 (1.2) 217 (1.5) 216 (1.3) 220 (1.3) 222 (1.2) 221 (0.9) 221 (1.1) 224 (1.1) 228 (1.0) 204 (2.7) 216 (3.2) ‡ (†) ‡ Montana6,7,9 ....................... — (†) 222 (1.4) 225 (1.5) 224 (1.8) 223 (1.2) 225 (1.1) 227 (1.0) 225 (0.8) 228 (0.9) ‡ (†) 219 (3.7) ‡ (†) 206 (

Nebraska8,9 ........................ 221 (1.1) 220 (1.5) — (†) 222 (1.5) 221 (1.0) 221 (1.2) 223 (1.3) 223 (1.0) 228 (1.0) 203 (2.7) 207 (1.9) 230 (5.0) ‡ 

Nevada .............................. — (†) — 206 (1.8) 209 (1.2) 207 (1.2) 207 (1.2) 211 (1.2) 211 (1.1) 222 (1.2) 201 (2.6) 199 (1.5) 225 (2.2) ‡ 

New Hampshire6,8,9 ............ 228 (1.2) 223 (1.5) 226 (1.7) — (†) 228 (1.0) 227 (0.9) 229 (0.9) 229 (1.0) 230 (1.0) 216 (4.7) 217 (5.2) 232 (4.7) ‡ 

New Jersey8....................... 223 (1.4) 219 (1.2) — (†) — (†) 225 (1.2) 223 (1.3) 231 (1.2) 229 (0.9) 237 (1.1) 213 (2.0) 213 (1.7) 246 (2.6) ‡ 

New Mexico ....................... 211 (1.5) 205 (1.7) 205 (1.4) 208 (1.6) 203 (1.5) 207 (1.3) 212 (1.3) 208 (1.4) 224 (1.9) 205 (4.8) 201 (1.6) 226 (5.1) 191 (

New York6,7,8 ...................... 215 (1.4) 212 (1.4) 215 (1.6) 222 (1.5) 222 (1.1) 223 (1.1) 224 (1.0) 224 (1.0) 233 (1.2) 209 (2.2) 210 (1.8) 238 (2.5) ‡ 

North Carolina ................... 212 (1.1) 214 (1.5) 213 (1.6) 222 (1.0) 221 (1.0) 217 (1.0) 218 (0.9) 219 (1.1) 230 (1.1) 204 (1.8) 204 (2.1) 241 (3.7) 202 (North Dakota7 .................... 226 (1.1) 225 (1.2) — (†) 224 (1.0) 222 (0.9) 225 (0.7) 226 (0.9) 226 (0.8) 228 (0.9) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 204 (

Ohio .................................. 217 (1.3) — (†) — (†) 222 (1.3) 222 (1.2) 223 (1.4) 226 (1.1) 225 (1.1) 230 (1.1) 203 (3.0) 215 (6.9) ‡ (†) ‡ Oklahoma .......................... 220 (0.9) — (†) 219 (1.2) 213 (1.2) 214 (1.2) 214 (1.1) 217 (1.1) 217 (1.1) 223 (1.2) 197 (2.6) 207 (3.5) ‡ (†) 215 (

Oregon............................... — (†) — (†) 212 (1.8) 220 (1.4) 218 (1.3) 217 (1.4) 215 (1.4) 218 (1.2) 223 (1.2) 202 (4.6) 196 (2.4) 227 (4.9) 210 (

Pennsylvania9 .................... 221 (1.3) 215 (1.6) — (†) 221 (1.2) 219 (1.3) 223 (1.3) 226 (1.0) 224 (1.4) 230 (1.3) 201 (2.4) 199 (4.3) 243 (3.7) ‡ 

Rhode Island9 .................... 217 (1.8) 220 (1.3) 218 (1.4) 220 (1.2) 216 (1.3) 216 (1.2) 219 (1.0) 223 (1.1) 231 (1.1) 207 (2.0) 200 (2.3) 219 (4.5) ‡ 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Scale ranges from 0 to 500.2Race/ethnicity based on school records. 3Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at the 4th-grade level. 4Proficient represents solid academic performance for 4th-graders. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency

over challenging subject matter.

5Advanced signifies superior performance. 6Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 1998. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. 7Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 2002. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.

8Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 1992. D9Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 1994. D10Prior to 2005, NAEP divided the Department of Defense (DoD) schools into tw

NAEP began combining the DoD domestic and overseas schools into a single prior to 2005 were recalculated for comparability.NOTE: The reading data include students for whom accommodations were percategories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in paSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 Reading Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreport card/naepdata/). (T

South Carolina................... 210 (1.3) 203 (1.4) 209 (1.4) 214 (1.3) 215 (1.3) 213 (1.3) 214 (1.2) 216 (1.1) 226 (1.4) 200 (1.6) 205 (3.4) ‡ (†) ‡ South Dakota..................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 222 (1.2) 222 (0.5) 223 (1.0) 222 (0.6) 227 (0.7) ‡ (†) 216 (3.8) ‡ (†) 196 (2Tennessee7,9 ...................... 212 (1.4) 213 (1.7) 212 (1.4) 214 (1.2) 212 (1.6) 214 (1.4) 216 (1.2) 217 (1.2) 224 (1.2) 197 (2.1) 202 (3.2) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Texas ................................. 213 (1.6) 212 (1.9) 214 (1.9) 217 (1.7) 215 (1.0) 219 (0.8) 220 (0.9) 219 (1.2) 232 (1.5) 213 (2.1) 210 (1.2) 242 (4.1) ‡ 

Utah ................................... 220 (1.1) 217 (1.3) 216 (1.2) 222 (1.0) 219 (1.0) 221 (1.1) 221 (1.2) 219 (1.0) 225 (1.0) 202 (5.9) 194 (1.9) 217 (4.2) 195 (Vermont ............................. — (†) — (†) — (†) 227 (1.1) 226 (0.9) 227 (0.9) 228 (0.8) 229 (0.8) 229 (0.8) 214 (4.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Virginia............................... 221 (1.4) 213 (1.5) 217 (1.2) 225 (1.3) 223 (1.5) 226 (0.8) 227 (1.1) 227 (1.2) 234 (1.1) 210 (2.2) 214 (3.0) 242 (3.7) ‡ Washington7 ...................... — (†) 213 (1.5) 218 (1.4) 224 (1.2) 221 (1.1) 224 (1.1) 224 (1.4) 221 (1.2) 229 (1.4) 209 (3.0) 201 (2.2) 221 (3.4) 212 (4

West Virginia...................... 216 (1.3) 213 (1.1) 216 (1.7) 219 (1.2) 219 (1.0) 215 (0.8) 215 (1.1) 215 (1.0) 215 (1.1) 204 (3.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ Wisconsin6,7,9 ..................... 224 (1.0) 224 (1.1) 222 (1.1) ‡ (†) 221 (0.8) 221 (1.0) 223 (1.2) 220 (1.1) 227 (1.0) 192 (2.3) 202 (2.3) 220 (3.3) 197 (

Wyoming............................ 223 (1.1) 221 (1.2) 218 (1.5) 221 (1.0) 222 (0.8) 223 (0.7) 225 (0.5) 223 (0.7) 224 (0.7) ‡ (†) 212 (2.5) ‡ (†) 205 (Department of Defense  dependents schools10 ..... — (†) — (†) 220 (0.7) 224 (0.4) 224 (0.5) 226 (0.6) 229 (0.5) 228 (0.5) 234 (0.9) 218 (1.6) 223 (1.6) 224 (2.8) ‡ 

Other jurisdictions Guam............................... 182 (1.4) 181 (1.2) — (†) 185 (1.3) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) —  U.S. Virgin Islands ........... 171 (1.7) — (†) 174 (2.2) 179 (1.9) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

Table 129. Average reading scale score and percentage of 4th-graders in public schools attaining reading achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and state or juris

through 2009—Continued

State or jurisdiction

Average scale score1 Average scale score1 by race/ethnicity,2 2009

1992 1994 1998 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009 White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

Ameri

IndAla

Na

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 
198 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Scale ranges from 0 to 500.

2Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at the 8th-grade level.

3Proficient represents solid academic performance for 8th-graders. Students reaching this

level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.

4Advanced signifies superior performance. 5Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 2003. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.

6Prior to 2005, NAEP divided the Department of Defense (DoD) schools into two jurisdictions, domestic and overseas. In 2005, NAEP began combining the DoD domestic and

overseas schools into a single jurisdiction. Data shown in this table for years prior to 2005

were recalculated for comparability.

NOTE: The reading data include students for whom accommodations were permitted.

Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 Reading

Assessments, retrieved April 7, 2010, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://

nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/). (This table was prepared April 2010.)

Table 130. Average reading scale score and percentage of 8th-graders in public schools attaining reading achievement levels, by locale and 

state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2003 through 2009

State or jurisdiction

Average scale score1 Percent attaining reading achievement levels, 2009 Average scale score1

 by school location, 2009

2003 2005 2007 2009 Below Basic

At or above

Basic 2

At or above

Proficient 3

At

Advanced 4 City Suburb Town Rural

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States .............. 261 (0.2) 260 (0.2) 261 (0.2) 262 (0.3) 26 (0.4) 74 (0.4) 30 (0.4) 2 (0.1) 256 (0.4) 266 (0.5) 261 (1.0) 264 (0.3)

Alabama .............................. 253 (1.5) 252 (1.4) 252 (1.0) 255 (1.1) 34 (1.4) 66 (1.4) 24 (1.2) 1 (0.3) 249 (3.3) 261 (3.5) 256 (2.4) 255 (1.4)

Alaska.................................. 256 (1.1) 259 (0.9) 259 (1.0) 259 (0.9) 28 (1.2) 72 (1.2) 27 (1.3) 2 (0.3) 260 (1.6) ‡ (†) 268 (1.4) 250 (2.2)

Arizona ................................ 255 (1.4) 255 (1.0) 255 (1.2) 258 (1.2) 32 (1.5) 68 (1.5) 27 (1.3) 3 (0.5) 255 (2.0) 264 (2.0) 252 (3.3) 259 (2.2)

Arkansas.............................. 258 (1.3) 258 (1.1) 258 (1.0) 258 (1.2) 31 (1.3) 69 (1.3) 27 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 257 (2.6) 258 (5.5) 259 (1.7) 258 (1.9)

California5 ............................ 251 (1.3) 250 (0.6) 251 (0.8) 253 (1.2) 36 (1.4) 64 (1.4) 22 (1.3) 2 (0.4) 251 (1.9) 254 (1.9) 245 (3.5) 262 (3.6)

Colorado .............................. 268 (1.2) 265 (1.1) 266 (1.0) 266 (0.8) 22 (1.1) 78 (1.1) 32 (1.1) 2 (0.4) 259 (1.6) 269 (1.5) 264 (2.4) 271 (1.6)

Connecticut.......................... 267 (1.1) 264 (1.3) 267 (1.6) 272 (0.9) 19 (0.9) 81 (0.9) 43 (1.4) 5 (0.5) 258 (2.3) 276 (1.2) 261 (4.5) 282 (2.7)

Delaware.............................. 265 (0.7) 266 (0.6) 265 (0.6) 265 (0.7) 22 (1.0) 78 (1.0) 31 (0.9) 2 (0.4) 256 (2.3) 262 (1.0) 268 (1.8) 271 (1.1)

District of Columbia ............. 239 (0.8) 238 (0.9) 241 (0.7) 242 (0.9) 49 (1.1) 51 (1.1) 14 (0.8) 1 (0.6) 242 (0.9) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Florida.................................. 257 (1.3) 256 (1.2) 260 (1.2) 264 (1.2) 24 (1.3) 76 (1.3) 32 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 262 (3.0) 267 (1.4) 256 (5.6) 264 (2.3)

Georgia................................ 258 (1.1) 257 (1.3) 259 (1.0) 260 (1.0) 28 (1.8) 72 (1.8) 27 (1.3) 2 (0.4) 248 (2.5) 265 (1.5) 256 (3.5) 260 (1.7)

Hawaii.................................. 251 (0.9) 249 (0.9) 251 (0.8) 255 (0.6) 33 (0.9) 67 (0.9) 22 (1.4) 1 (0.4) 260 (1.5) 253 (1.3) 252 (1.2) 254 (1.5)

Idaho.................................... 264 (0.9) 264 (1.1) 265 (0.9) 265 (0.9) 23 (1.3) 77 (1.3) 33 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 269 (2.5) 265 (2.2) 263 (1.8) 263 (1.7)

Illinois................................... 266 (1.0) 264 (1.0) 263 (1.0) 265 (1.2) 23 (1.3) 77 (1.3) 33 (1.5) 2 (0.3) 255 (1.5) 266 (1.8) 269 (2.1) 271 (2.7)

Indiana................................. 265 (1.0) 261 (1.1) 264 (1.1) 266 (1.0) 21 (1.1) 79 (1.1) 32 (1.5) 2 (0.4) 261 (2.3) 267 (1.7) 267 (1.6) 268 (1.8)

Iowa ..................................... 268 (0.8) 267 (0.9) 267 (0.9) 265 (0.9) 23 (1.0) 77 (1.0) 32 (1.4) 2 (0.5) 261 (2.4) 267 (4.4) 264 (1.3) 268 (1.8)

Kansas5 ............................... 266 (1.5) 267 (1.0) 267 (0.8) 267 (1.1) 20 (1.3) 80 (1.3) 33 (1.4) 2 (0.5) 258 (2.8) 272 (3.3) 267 (2.0) 270 (1.9)

Kentucky .............................. 266 (1.3) 264 (1.1) 262 (1.0) 267 (0.9) 21 (0.9) 79 (0.9) 33 (1.5) 3 (0.4) 262 (1.6) 275 (3.2) 267 (1.4) 267 (1.3)

Louisiana ............................. 253 (1.6) 253 (1.6) 253 (1.1) 253 (1.6) 36 (1.8) 64 (1.8) 20 (1.8) 1 (0.3) 252 (5.2) 255 (1.8) 250 (2.7) 255 (1.9)

Maine................................... 268 (1.0) 270 (1.0) 270 (0.8) 268 (0.7) 20 (0.7) 80 (0.7) 35 (1.3) 3 (0.5) 266 (3.0) 274 (2.7) 267 (1.5) 267 (1.1)

Maryland.............................. 262 (1.4) 261 (1.2) 265 (1.2) 267 (1.1) 23 (1.4) 77 (1.4) 36 (1.4) 4 (0.6) 265 (3.7) 266 (1.9) 272 (2.3) 273 (3.2)

Massachusetts..................... 273 (1.0) 274 (1.0) 273 (1.0) 274 (1.2) 17 (1.1) 83 (1.1) 43 (1.7) 5 (0.7) 261 (3.9) 276 (1.4) ‡ (†) 280 (2.7)

Michigan .............................. 264 (1.8) 261 (1.2) 260 (1.2) 262 (1.4) 28 (1.6) 72 (1.6) 31 (1.7) 3 (0.5) 246 (2.8) 267 (1.9) 266 (3.7) 266 (2.1)

Minnesota ............................ 268 (1.1) 268 (1.2) 268 (0.9) 270 (1.0) 18 (1.1) 82 (1.1) 38 (1.5) 3 (0.5) 268 (2.2) 271 (2.0) 270 (2.0) 268 (2.1)

Mississippi ........................... 255 (1.4) 251 (1.3) 250 (1.1) 251 (1.0) 38 (1.4) 62 (1.4) 19 (1.2) 1 (0.3) 247 (3.4) 262 (2.4) 246 (1.9) 252 (1.5)

Missouri ............................... 267 (1.0) 265 (1.0) 263 (1.0) 267 (1.0) 21 (1.1) 79 (1.1) 34 (1.3) 3 (0.5) 258 (3.5) 272 (1.7) 266 (1.7) 266 (1.3)

Montana............................... 270 (1.0) 269 (0.7) 271 (0.8) 270 (0.6) 16 (0.9) 84 (0.9) 38 (1.3) 2 (0.3) 271 (1.4) 277 (3.4) 269 (1.2) 271 (1.3)

Nebraska ............................. 266 (0.9) 267 (0.9) 267 (0.9) 267 (0.9) 20 (1.3) 80 (1.3) 35 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 262 (1.7) 272 (1.9) 267 (1.9) 271 (1.4)

Nevada ................................ 252 (0.8) 253 (0.9) 252 (0.8) 254 (0.9) 35 (1.0) 65 (1.0) 22 (1.0) 1 (0.3) 253 (1.4) 251 (1.4) 258 (2.5) 259 (2.0)

New Hampshire ................... 271 (0.9) 270 (1.2) 270 (0.9) 271 (1.0) 19 (1.0) 81 (1.0) 39 (1.5) 4 (0.5) 261 (2.7) 270 (1.3) 270 (2.8) 275 (1.5)

New Jersey .......................... 268 (1.2) 269 (1.2) 270 (1.1) 273 (1.3) 17 (1.3) 83 (1.3) 42 (1.7) 5 (0.8) 242 (9.5) 274 (1.3) ‡ (†) 276 (3.8)

New Mexico ......................... 252 (0.9) 251 (1.0) 251 (0.8) 254 (1.2) 34 (1.4) 66 (1.4) 22 (1.5) 1 (0.4) 259 (1.6) 252 (3.6) 251 (1.9) 254 (2.3)

New York.............................. 265 (1.3) 265 (1.0) 264 (1.1) 264 (1.2) 25 (1.4) 75 (1.4) 33 (1.5) 3 (0.5) 253 (1.7) 275 (2.4) 272 (3.3) 268 (2.2)

North Carolina ..................... 262 (1.0) 258 (0.9) 259 (1.1) 260 (1.2) 30 (1.3) 70 (1.3) 29 (1.6) 3 (0.4) 258 (3.1) 268 (3.5) 256 (3.7) 258 (1.4)

North Dakota ....................... 270 (0.8) 270 (0.6) 268 (0.7) 269 (0.6) 14 (0.9) 86 (0.9) 34 (1.3) 1 (0.4) 270 (1.3) 271 (2.3) 271 (1.4) 268 (1.0)

Ohio ..................................... 267 (1.3) 267 (1.3) 268 (1.2) 269 (1.3) 20 (1.5) 80 (1.5) 37 (1.8) 3 (0.7) 254 (3.9) 272 (2.0) 271 (2.1) 271 (2.6)

Oklahoma ............................ 262 (0.9) 260 (1.1) 260 (0.8) 259 (0.9) 27 (1.5) 73 (1.5) 26 (1.1) 1 (0.2) 250 (3.1) 267 (2.1) 259 (2.3) 260 (1.5)

Oregon................................. 264 (1.2) 263 (1.1) 266 (0.9) 265 (1.0) 24 (1.2) 76 (1.2) 33 (1.4) 3 (0.5) 269 (1.9) 262 (2.4) 262 (1.6) 266 (2.8)

Pennsylvania........................ 264 (1.2) 267 (1.3) 268 (1.2) 271 (0.8) 19 (0.9) 81 (0.9) 40 (1.4) 3 (0.6) 254 (3.4) 277 (1.3) 268 (1.3) 272 (2.2)

Rhode Island ....................... 261 (0.7) 261 (0.7) 258 (0.9) 260 (0.6) 28 (0.9) 72 (0.9) 28 (0.9) 2 (0.5) 250 (1.1) 263 (1.1) 271 (4.0) 267 (1.5)

South Carolina..................... 258 (1.3) 257 (1.1) 257 (0.9) 257 (1.2) 32 (1.5) 68 (1.5) 24 (1.5) 2 (0.4) 258 (4.8) 262 (1.9) 250 (2.7) 257 (1.8)

South Dakota....................... 270 (0.8) 269 (0.6) 270 (0.7) 270 (0.5) 16 (0.8) 84 (0.8) 37 (1.2) 2 (0.3) 268 (1.3) ‡ (†) 272 (1.2) 270 (0.8)

Tennessee ........................... 258 (1.2) 259 (0.9) 259 (1.0) 261 (1.1) 27 (1.2) 73 (1.2) 28 (1.3) 2 (0.4) 253 (2.3) 267 (2.7) 261 (2.2) 263 (1.8)

Texas ................................... 259 (1.1) 258 (0.6) 261 (0.9) 260 (1.1) 27 (1.1) 73 (1.1) 27 (1.5) 2 (0.4) 257 (1.6) 266 (2.7) 256 (2.3) 264 (2.3)

Utah ..................................... 264 (0.8) 262 (0.8) 262 (1.0) 266 (0.8) 22 (0.8) 78 (0.8) 33 (1.1) 2 (0.5) 262 (2.9) 266 (1.3) 264 (1.9) 271 (2.0)

Vermont ............................... 271 (0.8) 269 (0.7) 273 (0.8) 272 (0.6) 16 (0.7) 84 (0.7) 41 (1.0) 3 (0.4) 278 (2.7) 279 (1.5) 268 (1.2) 272 (0.7)

Virginia................................. 268 (1.1) 268 (1.0) 267 (1.1) 266 (1.1) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 32 (1.6) 2 (0.4) 260 (1.8) 270 (1.6) 265 (2.7) 263 (2.5)

Washington.......................... 264 (0.9) 265 (1.3) 265 (0.9) 267 (1.1) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 36 (1.3) 4 (0.5) 265 (2.7) 268 (1.7) 268 (2.5) 268 (2.7)

West Virginia........................ 260 (1.0) 255 (1.2) 255 (1.0) 255 (0.9) 33 (1.2) 67 (1.2) 22 (1.3) 1 (0.3) 258 (2.4) 255 (2.3) 254 (2.2) 255 (1.2)

Wisconsin ............................ 266 (1.3) 266 (1.1) 264 (1.0) 266 (1.0) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 34 (1.4) 2 (0.5) 256 (2.0) 270 (2.7) 269 (2.3) 269 (1.9)

Wyoming.............................. 267 (0.5) 268 (0.7) 266 (0.7) 268 (1.0) 18 (1.4) 82 (1.4) 34 (1.8) 2 (0.5) 266 (1.8) ‡ (†) 270 (1.1) 268 (1.5)

Department of Defense 

dependents schools6 ..... 272 (0.6) 271 (0.7) 273 (1.0) 272 (0.7) 13 (1.1) 87 (1.1) 39 (1.2) 2 (0.7) 272 (2.7) 268 (1.9) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 199

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Scale ranges from 0 to 500. 

2Basic denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental

for proficient work at a given grade.

3Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.

NOTE: Beginning in 2009, if the results for charter schools are not included in a school district’s Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) report to the U.S. Department of Education under

the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, they are excluded from that district’s results.

This change had little or no impact on differences between any participating district’s 2007

and 2009 average reading scores except those of the District of Columbia at grade 8. For

details, see the Technical Notes in The Nation’s Report Card: Reading 2009 Trial Urban

District Assessment (NCES 2010-459). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and missing data. Totals include

racial/ethnic groups not shown separately.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2007 and 2009 Reading Assessments,

retrieved May 20, 2010, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nations

reportcard/naepdata/). (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 131. Average reading scale scores of 4th- and 8th-grade public school students and percentage at or above selected reading achievement 

levels, by race/ethnicity and jurisdiction or specific urban district: 2007 and 2009

Grade level and jurisdiction 

or specific urban district

Average reading scale score1 Percent of students

2007 2009 2009

All students White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander All students White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

At or above

Basic 2

At or above

Proficient 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

4th grade

United States ..................... 220 (0.3) 230 (0.2) 203 (0.4) 204 (0.5) 231 (1.0) 220 (0.3) 229 (0.3) 204 (0.5) 204 (0.5) 234 (1.1) 66 (0.3) 32 (0.4)

Large city ........................... 208 (0.7) 231 (0.9) 199 (0.7) 199 (0.8) 228 (2.7) 210 (0.7) 233 (1.4) 201 (0.9) 202 (0.8) 228 (1.7) 54 (0.8) 23 (0.8)

Atlanta ............................... 207 (1.5) 253 (2.5) 200 (1.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 209 (1.5) 253 (2.9) 201 (1.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 50 (1.5) 22 (1.0)

Austin................................. 218 (2.0) 244 (1.7) 201 (4.1) 206 (2.4) 236 (8.9) 220 (1.8) 245 (2.0) 211 (3.0) 208 (2.3) ‡ (†) 65 (2.3) 32 (2.0)

Baltimore City .................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 202 (1.7) 220 (4.8) 200 (1.7) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 42 (2.0) 12 (1.2)

Boston ............................... 210 (1.9) 230 (4.1) 204 (2.4) 204 (1.9) 229 (5.6) 215 (1.2) 231 (2.9) 212 (1.5) 209 (2.0) 231 (3.2) 61 (2.0) 24 (2.1)

Charlotte............................ 222 (1.5) 244 (1.9) 206 (2.1) 207 (2.2) 235 (5.6) 225 (1.6) 243 (1.6) 211 (2.3) 212 (2.8) 233 (5.4) 71 (2.1) 36 (2.2)

Chicago ............................. 201 (1.5) 227 (3.4) 193 (2.2) 201 (2.2) 237 (5.6) 202 (1.5) 228 (3.5) 194 (1.8) 203 (2.1) 232 (3.5) 45 (1.7) 16 (1.6)

Cleveland........................... 198 (1.7) 215 (2.8) 192 (1.8) 200 (3.9) ‡ (†) 194 (2.0) 209 (3.4) 189 (2.2) 200 (4.4) ‡ (†) 34 (3.0) 8 (1.5)

Detroit ................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 187 (1.9) ‡ (†) 186 (2.1) 190 (2.8) ‡ (†) 27 (2.1) 5 (0.9)

District of Columbia ........... 197 (0.9) 258 (3.9) 192 (1.0) 206 (3.6) ‡ (†) 203 (1.2) 257 (2.9) 195 (1.3) 207 (3.2) ‡ (†) 46 (1.6) 18 (1.1)

Fresno................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 197 (1.7) 217 (3.0) 193 (3.4) 194 (1.8) 194 (3.1) 40 (2.1) 12 (1.8)

Houston ............................. 206 (1.2) 241 (3.7) 205 (1.5) 200 (1.6) 231 (4.0) 211 (1.7) 243 (4.7) 210 (2.5) 206 (1.9) 240 (3.8) 55 (2.2) 19 (1.8)

Jefferson County (KY) ....... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 219 (1.8) 230 (2.1) 203 (2.0) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 64 (2.0) 30 (2.3)

Los Angeles....................... 196 (1.3) 228 (1.4) 196 (4.9) 190 (1.6) 219 (4.3) 197 (1.1) 222 (3.5) 195 (3.3) 193 (1.1) 220 (3.6) 40 (1.4) 13 (1.1)

Miami-Dade ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 221 (1.2) 238 (3.4) 205 (2.1) 224 (1.1) ‡ (†) 68 (1.6) 31 (1.6)

Milwaukee.......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 196 (2.0) 223 (4.6) 187 (2.4) 198 (2.7) 214 (5.1) 39 (2.4) 12 (1.8)

New York City .................... 213 (1.1) 232 (2.9) 206 (1.7) 203 (1.6) 230 (2.6) 217 (1.4) 235 (2.8) 208 (1.6) 208 (1.9) 235 (2.6) 62 (1.7) 29 (1.8)

Philadelphia ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 195 (1.8) 215 (4.2) 191 (2.1) 187 (4.6) 214 (3.8) 39 (2.1) 11 (1.3)

San Diego.......................... 210 (1.8) 234 (2.7) 199 (2.8) 196 (1.9) 223 (2.7) 213 (2.1) 236 (2.8) 206 (4.1) 193 (2.6) 227 (3.1) 59 (2.0) 29 (2.3)

8th grade

United States ..................... 261 (0.2) 270 (0.2) 244 (0.4) 246 (0.4) 269 (1.2) 262 (0.3) 271 (0.2) 245 (0.4) 248 (0.6) 273 (1.1) 74 (0.4) 30 (0.4)

Large city ........................... 250 (0.7) 271 (1.0) 240 (0.9) 243 (0.7) 263 (3.5) 252 (0.5) 272 (1.0) 243 (0.7) 245 (0.9) 268 (2.0) 63 (0.6) 21 (0.7)

Atlanta ............................... 245 (1.4) ‡ (†) 242 (1.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 250 (1.5) 292 (3.9) 246 (1.7) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 60 (2.7) 17 (1.1)

Austin................................. 257 (2.0) 284 (2.8) 238 (2.9) 244 (2.2) ‡ (†) 261 (2.0) 282 (2.5) 247 (2.5) 251 (2.1) ‡ (†) 71 (1.8) 30 (2.8)

Baltimore City .................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 245 (1.7) ‡ (†) 243 (1.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 54 (2.8) 10 (1.4)

Boston ............................... 254 (1.6) 275 (2.3) 250 (2.2) 241 (3.2) 275 (3.7) 257 (1.5) 282 (3.0) 248 (2.4) 251 (2.1) 276 (3.4) 68 (2.3) 23 (1.8)

Charlotte............................ 260 (1.2) 279 (1.8) 246 (1.5) 251 (4.3) ‡ (†) 259 (1.0) 276 (2.4) 249 (1.2) 254 (3.7) ‡ (†) 70 (1.4) 28 (1.8)

Chicago ............................. 250 (1.5) 266 (3.0) 240 (1.8) 255 (1.5) ‡ (†) 249 (1.6) 272 (3.1) 243 (1.8) 249 (2.5) ‡ (†) 60 (2.2) 17 (1.5)

Cleveland........................... 246 (1.5) 262 (3.2) 243 (1.7) 249 (3.7) ‡ (†) 242 (1.6) 258 (3.4) 239 (2.2) 237 (3.5) ‡ (†) 52 (2.6) 10 (1.4)

Detroit ................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 232 (2.4) ‡ (†) 232 (2.6) 232 (4.7) ‡ (†) 40 (3.6) 7 (1.7)

District of Columbia ........... 241 (0.7) ‡ (†) 238 (0.9) 249 (3.2) ‡ (†) 240 (1.5) ‡ (†) 235 (1.5) 249 (5.3) ‡ (†) 48 (1.7) 14 (1.1)

Fresno................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 240 (2.4) 263 (3.8) 232 (3.4) 235 (2.7) 241 (3.5) 48 (3.0) 12 (2.3)

Houston ............................. 252 (1.4) 281 (3.9) 249 (1.6) 246 (1.4) 289 (7.3) 252 (1.2) 280 (3.6) 243 (2.2) 250 (1.2) ‡ (†) 64 (1.8) 18 (1.4)

Jefferson County (KY) ....... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 259 (1.0) 267 (1.4) 245 (2.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 68 (1.5) 26 (1.4)

Los Angeles....................... 240 (1.0) 272 (3.4) 229 (4.7) 236 (1.1) 264 (3.4) 244 (1.1) 271 (3.4) 239 (3.6) 239 (1.0) 265 (3.4) 54 (1.5) 15 (1.1)

Miami-Dade ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 261 (1.4) 273 (3.2) 250 (2.4) 261 (1.6) ‡ (†) 73 (1.6) 28 (1.4)

Milwaukee.......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 241 (2.0) 265 (3.4) 233 (2.3) 249 (2.9) ‡ (†) 51 (2.2) 12 (1.4)

New York City .................... 249 (1.9) 270 (3.4) 240 (2.7) 241 (2.8) 268 (2.8) 252 (1.4) 271 (2.4) 246 (1.9) 243 (2.2) 270 (2.5) 62 (1.9) 21 (1.5)

Philadelphia ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 247 (2.5) 266 (5.2) 241 (1.9) 241 (3.7) 270 (4.4) 56 (2.5) 15 (2.8)

San Diego.......................... 250 (1.2) 271 (2.6) 240 (3.2) 235 (2.0) 265 (2.6) 254 (2.8) 273 (3.4) 239 (5.0) 242 (3.8) 264 (2.6) 65 (2.8) 25 (3.1)
200 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Scale ranges from 0 to 500. 

2Basic denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for

proficient work at the specified grade level.

3Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.

NOTE: The results for English language learners are based on students who were assessed

and cannot be generalized to the total population of such students; some English language

learners—making up about 2 percent of all public school students at grade 4 and 1 percent at

grade 8—were excluded from the 2009 Reading Assessment. Standard errors appear in

parentheses. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2009 Reading Assessment, retrieved April 13,

2010, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naep data/).

(This table was prepared April 2010.)

Table 132. Average reading scale scores of 4th- and 8th-graders in public schools and percentage scoring at or above selected reading 

achievement levels, by English language learner (ELL) status and state or jurisdiction: 2009

State or jurisdiction

4th-graders 8th-graders

English language learners Not English language learners English language learners Not English language learners

Percent

of all

students

assessed

Average

scale

score1

Percent

Average

scale

score1

Percent Percent

of all

students

assessed

Average

scale

score1

Percent

Average

scale

score1

Percent

At or

above

Basic 2

At or

above

Proficient 3

At or

above

Basic 2

At or

above

Proficient 3

At or

above

Basic 2

At or

above

Proficient 3

At or

above

Basic 2

At or above

Proficient 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States................ 9 (0.3) 188 (0.8) 29 (1.0) 6 (0.5) 223 (0.3) 69 (0.3) 34 (0.4) 5 (0.3) 219 (1.0) 25 (1.4) 3 (0.5) 265 (0.2) 76 (0.3) 32 (0.3)

Alabama ............................ 2 (0.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 217 (1.2) 63 (1.4) 29 (1.4) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 255 (1.1) 66 (1.4) 24 (1.2)

Alaska................................ 9 (1.0) 165 (4.9) 14 (2.7) 4 (1.4) 216 (1.1) 64 (1.3) 30 (1.4) 9 (1.0) 219 (3.3) 25 (4.0) 2 (1.2) 264 (0.9) 76 (1.3) 30 (1.4)

Arizona .............................. 14 (1.1) 168 (2.8) 14 (2.9) 2 (0.8) 217 (1.1) 63 (1.3) 28 (1.3) 6 (0.7) 204 (3.3) 15 (3.4) 1 (†) 261 (1.1) 71 (1.4) 28 (1.3)

Arkansas............................ 6 (0.8) 191 (4.6) 33 (5.9) 9 (2.8) 218 (1.0) 65 (1.2) 30 (1.4) 4 (0.6) 236 (7.3) 43 (8.2) 7 (†) 259 (1.3) 70 (1.4) 27 (1.5)

California ........................... 29 (1.6) 184 (1.6) 25 (1.5) 4 (0.7) 220 (1.7) 66 (1.7) 32 (2.2) 19 (1.4) 215 (1.6) 21 (2.6) 2 (0.8) 261 (1.1) 74 (1.3) 27 (1.4)

Colorado ............................ 10 (1.0) 184 (3.3) 26 (3.7) 4 (1.8) 231 (1.1) 77 (1.1) 44 (1.6) 6 (0.9) 222 (2.6) 29 (3.2) 3 (1.6) 268 (0.8) 81 (1.1) 34 (1.2)

Connecticut........................ 4 (0.5) 184 (4.5) 29 (5.3) 6 (3.6) 231 (1.0) 78 (1.1) 44 (1.4) 2 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 273 (0.9) 82 (0.9) 43 (1.4)

Delaware............................ 3 (0.2) 201 (2.4) 42 (5.5) 9 (4.8) 226 (0.5) 74 (1.1) 36 (1.3) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 266 (0.7) 78 (1.0) 31 (0.9)

District of Columbia ........... 6 (0.4) 194 (4.1) 35 (5.1) 6 (2.9) 202 (1.0) 44 (1.3) 17 (1.0) 3 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 243 (1.0) 51 (1.1) 14 (0.9)

Florida................................ 6 (0.8) 205 (3.3) 52 (6.5) 13 (2.7) 227 (0.9) 74 (1.1) 37 (1.6) 3 (0.4) 233 (5.2) 41 (8.7) 7 (†) 265 (1.1) 77 (1.3) 33 (1.5)

Georgia.............................. 3 (0.6) 186 (4.7) 22 (5.4) 6 (2.4) 219 (1.2) 64 (1.5) 30 (1.2) 1 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 261 (1.0) 73 (1.8) 27 (1.3)

Hawaii................................ 10 (0.7) 178 (2.7) 23 (2.7) 5 (1.4) 214 (1.0) 60 (1.3) 28 (1.3) 5 (0.3) 217 (3.2) 22 (4.0) 3 (1.3) 257 (0.7) 69 (1.0) 23 (1.5)

Idaho.................................. 5 (0.5) 177 (3.2) 19 (3.7) 3 (1.4) 223 (0.9) 71 (1.2) 34 (1.2) 4 (0.4) 224 (4.2) 26 (6.6) 3 (†) 266 (0.9) 79 (1.3) 34 (1.5)

Illinois................................. 7 (0.7) 186 (4.0) 30 (4.3) 7 (2.8) 222 (1.3) 67 (1.4) 34 (1.5) 3 (0.3) 224 (4.3) 28 (6.9) 4 (2.5) 266 (1.2) 78 (1.3) 33 (1.6)

Indiana............................... 4 (0.7) 190 (4.2) 31 (5.4) 6 (2.1) 224 (1.0) 71 (1.4) 35 (1.5) 3 (0.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 266 (1.0) 79 (1.2) 32 (1.6)

Iowa ................................... 4 (0.6) 195 (3.9) 34 (5.4) 9 (3.3) 223 (1.1) 70 (1.2) 35 (1.4) 2 (0.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 266 (1.0) 78 (1.0) 33 (1.4)

Kansas............................... 8 (1.4) 203 (4.2) 47 (5.3) 17 (3.8) 226 (1.2) 74 (1.7) 37 (1.5) 5 (0.7) 235 (3.8) 39 (4.7) 5 (2.0) 268 (1.1) 82 (1.2) 34 (1.5)

Kentucky ............................ 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 226 (1.1) 72 (1.3) 36 (1.6) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 267 (0.9) 79 (0.9) 33 (1.5)

Louisiana ........................... 2 (0.3) 198 (4.6) 37 (8.3) 10 (5.3) 208 (1.1) 52 (1.5) 19 (1.5) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 253 (1.6) 65 (1.8) 20 (1.8)

Maine................................. 2 (0.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 224 (0.8) 71 (1.2) 36 (1.1) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 268 (0.7) 80 (0.7) 35 (1.3)

Maryland............................ 3 (0.6) 208 (3.8) 51 (6.8) 17 (4.7) 227 (1.4) 71 (1.6) 38 (1.8) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 268 (1.1) 78 (1.4) 36 (1.4)

Massachusetts................... 6 (0.7) 198 (4.6) 40 (4.4) 12 (3.8) 236 (1.0) 83 (1.2) 50 (1.7) 2 (0.4) 217 (5.8) 25 (4.5) 3 (†) 275 (1.1) 84 (1.1) 44 (1.7)

Michigan ............................ 3 (0.7) 194 (6.0) 35 (6.8) 9 (4.1) 219 (1.0) 65 (1.3) 30 (1.2) 2 (0.6) 237 (5.3) 40 (8.9) 8 (3.9) 262 (1.5) 73 (1.7) 31 (1.7)

Minnesota .......................... 8 (0.9) 188 (3.1) 30 (3.5) 7 (2.2) 226 (1.2) 73 (1.3) 40 (1.5) 5 (0.4) 230 (4.3) 39 (7.1) 3 (1.7) 272 (1.0) 84 (1.0) 40 (1.6)

Mississippi ......................... 1 (0.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 211 (1.1) 55 (1.4) 22 (1.2) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 251 (1.0) 62 (1.4) 19 (1.2)

Missouri ............................. 2 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 224 (1.2) 71 (1.6) 36 (1.2) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 267 (1.0) 79 (1.1) 34 (1.3)

Montana............................. 3 (0.5) 188 (6.3) 28 (8.3) 5 (2.5) 226 (0.8) 74 (1.1) 35 (1.2) 2 (0.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 271 (0.6) 85 (0.8) 38 (1.3)

Nebraska ........................... 6 (0.7) 186 (3.3) 27 (3.9) 4 (2.0) 225 (1.0) 73 (1.3) 37 (1.3) 2 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 268 (0.9) 81 (1.2) 35 (1.4)

Nevada .............................. 20 (1.2) 183 (2.2) 26 (2.1) 5 (1.1) 218 (1.0) 65 (1.3) 29 (1.2) 7 (0.4) 204 (3.1) 13 (2.8) 1 (†) 257 (0.8) 69 (1.0) 24 (1.0)

New Hampshire ................. 2 (0.4) 202 (6.1) 46 (7.0) 15 (5.1) 230 (1.0) 78 (1.3) 42 (1.5) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 271 (1.0) 82 (1.0) 40 (1.6)

New Jersey ........................ 2 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 230 (0.9) 77 (1.2) 41 (1.3) 1 (0.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 273 (1.3) 84 (1.3) 42 (1.7)

New Mexico ....................... 13 (1.0) 174 (2.8) 16 (2.8) 3 (1.2) 213 (1.3) 57 (1.7) 22 (1.4) 9 (0.8) 211 (2.4) 13 (3.1) 1 (†) 258 (1.1) 71 (1.3) 24 (1.7)

New York............................ 7 (0.5) 189 (2.6) 29 (2.7) 6 (1.4) 227 (0.9) 73 (1.1) 38 (1.4) 3 (0.4) 213 (4.0) 20 (5.3) 2 (1.2) 266 (1.2) 76 (1.4) 34 (1.5)

North Carolina ................... 5 (0.5) 189 (3.3) 33 (5.2) 11 (2.6) 221 (1.1) 67 (1.3) 33 (1.4) 5 (0.5) 226 (3.9) 35 (4.7) 5 (2.4) 261 (1.2) 72 (1.4) 30 (1.7)

North Dakota ..................... 1 (0.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 226 (0.8) 76 (1.3) 35 (1.3) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 270 (0.6) 86 (0.9) 34 (1.3)

Ohio ................................... 2 (0.5) 194 (7.3) 35 (6.9) 8 (2.9) 225 (1.2) 72 (1.4) 36 (1.6) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 269 (1.3) 81 (1.5) 37 (1.8)

Oklahoma .......................... 3 (0.5) 190 (4.9) 29 (6.2) 9 (3.6) 218 (1.0) 67 (1.3) 28 (1.5) 3 (0.4) 224 (6.7) 32 (12.2) 3 (†) 260 (0.9) 74 (1.4) 26 (1.2)

Oregon............................... 11 (1.1) 181 (2.7) 23 (3.0) 3 (1.4) 223 (1.0) 71 (1.2) 34 (1.3) 6 (0.6) 221 (3.1) 24 (4.5) 1 (0.7) 268 (1.0) 79 (1.2) 35 (1.4)

Pennsylvania...................... 2 (0.4) 179 (5.5) 24 (6.2) 4 (2.1) 225 (1.4) 71 (1.4) 37 (1.7) 2 (0.4) 237 (3.6) 45 (7.4) 5 (†) 271 (0.8) 82 (0.9) 41 (1.4)

Rhode Island ..................... 5 (0.7) 179 (5.2) 26 (6.1) 6 (3.3) 225 (1.0) 71 (1.4) 37 (1.2) 2 (0.2) 204 (6.8) 16 (7.9) 1 (†) 261 (0.6) 73 (0.8) 28 (0.9)

South Carolina................... 4 (0.5) 206 (3.2) 53 (4.9) 20 (3.2) 216 (1.1) 62 (1.3) 28 (1.2) 2 (0.4) 249 (4.3) 66 (5.8) 18 (5.9) 257 (1.2) 68 (1.5) 25 (1.5)

South Dakota..................... 1 (0.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 223 (0.6) 70 (0.9) 33 (1.0) 1 (0.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 270 (0.5) 85 (0.7) 37 (1.2)

Tennessee ......................... 2 (0.3) 181 (8.1) 25 (7.1) 4 (†) 218 (1.2) 64 (1.4) 29 (1.4) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 261 (1.1) 73 (1.2) 28 (1.3)

Texas ................................. 17 (1.3) 197 (2.0) 37 (3.3) 8 (1.9) 223 (1.3) 70 (1.8) 32 (1.7) 6 (0.6) 216 (3.2) 20 (3.3) 1 (†) 263 (1.0) 76 (1.0) 29 (1.5)

Utah ................................... 7 (0.8) 182 (2.3) 24 (4.1) 5 (1.6) 222 (1.0) 70 (1.1) 33 (1.4) 4 (0.3) 225 (3.9) 28 (7.0) 3 (†) 267 (0.9) 80 (0.8) 34 (1.2)

Vermont ............................. 2 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 229 (0.8) 75 (1.0) 42 (1.1) 1 (0.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 273 (0.6) 84 (0.8) 41 (1.0)

Virginia............................... 6 (0.9) 201 (4.0) 45 (5.8) 12 (3.4) 228 (1.3) 76 (1.5) 40 (1.6) 3 (0.4) 233 (4.8) 37 (5.3) 9 (4.1) 267 (1.1) 79 (1.3) 33 (1.7)

Washington........................ 9 (1.0) 181 (2.8) 20 (3.3) 3 (†) 225 (1.1) 73 (1.1) 36 (1.4) 3 (0.3) 213 (5.0) 19 (6.3) 2 (†) 269 (1.1) 80 (1.2) 37 (1.4)

West Virginia...................... # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 215 (1.0) 62 (1.5) 26 (1.5) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 255 (0.9) 67 (1.2) 22 (1.3)

Wisconsin .......................... 5 (0.6) 191 (2.7) 31 (3.8) 8 (1.8) 222 (1.1) 69 (1.4) 34 (1.3) 3 (0.4) 240 (3.7) 49 (6.7) 7 (3.9) 267 (1.0) 79 (1.2) 35 (1.5)

Wyoming............................ 2 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 224 (0.7) 73 (1.1) 33 (1.1) 1 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 269 (1.0) 82 (1.4) 35 (1.9)

Department of Defense 

dependents schools..... 5 (0.4) 200 (3.1) 43 (6.4) 8 (4.2) 230 (0.6) 79 (1.1) 40 (1.2) 3 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 273 (0.8) 88 (1.3) 40 (1.2)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable. #Rounds to zero. ‡Reporting standards not met.1Scale ranges from 1 to 300 for all three grades, but scores cannot be compared across grades. For example, a score of 156

at grade 8 does not denote higher performance than a score of 153 at grade 12.

2Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at a given grade. 3Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.4Advanced signifies superior performance for a given grade.

NOTE: Includes public and private schools. Excludes persons unable to be teto a disability (if the accommodations provided were not sufficient to enable 

proficiency). In 2002, the NAEP national samples of 4th- and 8th-graders weach state, rather than by independently selecting national samples for gradnational samples increased for these grade levels, and smaller differences would have been detected in previous assessments. Grade 4 was not includepersons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been revised from previously 

because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education SProgress (NAEP), 2002 and 2007 Writing Assessments, retrieved May 6nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/). (This table was prepared May 2008.)

Table 133. Average writing scale score and percentage of students attaining writing achievement levels, by selected student characteristics and grade level: 200Grade, year, and achievement level All students

Sex Race/ethnicity Parents’ highest level of education 

 Male Female White Black Hispanic

Asian/ Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska Native

Did not finish

high school

Graduated

high school

Some

education

after high

school

Graduated

college 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Average scale score1

4th-graders, 2002 .............. 154 (0.4) 146 (0.6) 163 (0.4) 161 (0.3) 140 (0.7) 141 (1.6) 167 (1.5) 139 (1.9) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

8th-graders

2002............................... 153 (0.5) 143 (0.6) 164 (0.6) 161 (0.6) 135 (0.7) 137 (0.9) 161 (2.0) 137 (2.9) 136 (0.9) 144 (0.6) 156 (0.6) 165 (0.6) 

2007............................... 156 (0.2) 146 (0.3) 166 (0.3) 164 (0.2) 141 (0.4) 142 (0.6) 167 (1.2) 143 (1.3) 139 (0.6) 147 (0.5) 158 (0.4) 166 (0.3) 

12th-graders

2002............................... 148 (0.8) 136 (0.8) 160 (0.9) 154 (0.8) 130 (1.3) 136 (1.5) 151 (2.4) ‡ (†) 129 (1.7) 139 (1.1) 149 (0.9) 158 (1.0) 

2007............................... 153 (0.6) 144 (0.6) 162 (0.7) 159 (0.6) 137 (1.0) 139 (1.0) 160 (1.7) 140 (3.9) 134 (1.0) 141 (0.8) 152 (0.7) 163 (0.6) 

Percent attaining achievement levels

4th-graders, 2002

Below Basic ................... 14 (0.4) 19 (0.5) 9 (0.3) 10 (0.2) 23 (0.8) 23 (1.6) 7 (1.1) 25 (2.6) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

At or above Basic2.......... 86 (0.4) 81 (0.5) 91 (0.3) 90 (0.2) 77 (0.8) 77 (1.6) 93 (1.1) 75 (2.6) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

At or above Proficient3 28 (0.4) 20 (0.5) 36 (0.6) 34 (0.4) 14 (0.7) 17 (0.9) 41 (2.1) 15 (1.7) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

At Advanced4.......... 2 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 4 (0.6) 1 (0.5) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

8th-graders

2002

Below Basic................ 15 (0.4) 21 (0.6) 9 (0.3) 10 (0.4) 26 (1.0) 27 (1.0) 12 (1.3) 27 (3.9) 26 (1.3) 19 (0.7) 11 (0.6) 9 (0.4) At or above Basic2...... 85 (0.4) 79 (0.6) 91 (0.3) 90 (0.4) 74 (1.0) 73 (1.0) 88 (1.3) 73 (3.9) 74 (1.3) 81 (0.7) 89 (0.6) 91 (0.4) 

At or above 

Proficient3 ......... 31 (0.6) 21 (0.6) 42 (0.8) 38 (0.6) 13 (0.6) 16 (1.1) 40 (2.6) 16 (2.5) 14 (1.0) 20 (0.6) 31 (0.8) 43 (0.8) 

At Advanced4 ...... 2 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.2) # (†) 1 (0.2) 4 (0.8) 1 (#) # (†) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 4 (0.2) 

2007

Below Basic................ 12 (0.2) 17 (0.3) 7 (0.2) 7 (0.2) 19 (0.5) 20 (0.6) 8 (0.8) 21 (1.3) 21 (1.0) 16 (0.5) 9 (0.4) 7 (0.2) At or above Basic2...... 88 (0.2) 83 (0.3) 93 (0.2) 93 (0.2) 81 (0.5) 80 (0.6) 92 (0.8) 79 (1.3) 79 (1.0) 84 (0.5) 91 (0.4) 93 (0.2) 

At or above 

Proficient3 ......... 33 (0.3) 22 (0.3) 43 (0.4) 41 (0.3) 16 (0.6) 18 (0.5) 46 (1.4) 20 (1.6) 14 (0.6) 21 (0.6) 33 (0.5) 44 (0.4) 

At Advanced4 ...... 2 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.1) 3 (0.1) # (†) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.5) 1 (0.4) # (†) # (†) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.1) 

12th-graders

2002

Below Basic................ 26 (0.7) 37 (1.0) 15 (0.7) 21 (0.7) 41 (1.7) 36 (1.8) 24 (2.3) ‡ (†) 43 (2.1) 32 (1.2) 23 (1.0) 18 (0.9) 

At or above Basic2...... 74 (0.7) 63 (1.0) 85 (0.7) 79 (0.7) 59 (1.7) 64 (1.8) 76 (2.3) ‡ (†) 57 (2.1) 68 (1.2) 77 (1.0) 82 (0.9) 

At or above 

Proficient3 ......... 24 (0.8) 14 (0.8) 33 (1.0) 28 (0.9) 9 (1.0) 13 (1.4) 25 (2.8) ‡ (†) 8 (1.4) 14 (1.1) 22 (1.3) 32 (1.0) 

At Advanced4 ...... 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 2 (0.3) # (†) 1 (0.2) 3 (1.1) ‡ (†) # (†) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.4) 

2007

Below Basic................ 18 (0.5) 26 (0.6) 11 (0.5) 14 (0.5) 31 (1.2) 29 (1.1) 14 (1.5) 30 (5.3) 34 (1.5) 27 (1.1) 16 (0.7) 12 (0.4) 

At or above Basic2...... 82 (0.5) 74 (0.6) 89 (0.5) 86 (0.5) 69 (1.2) 71 (1.1) 86 (1.5) 70 (5.3) 66 (1.5) 73 (1.1) 84 (0.7) 88 (0.4) 

At or above 

Proficient3 ......... 24 (0.6) 16 (0.6) 32 (0.8) 30 (0.6) 9 (0.8) 11 (0.9) 30 (2.2) 12 (2.6) 8 (1.0) 13 (0.6) 20 (0.7) 34 (0.8) 

At Advanced4 ...... 1 (0.1) # (†) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) # (†) # (†) 1 (0.6) # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) 2 (0.2) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.1Students were asked to analyze and describe aspects of music they heard, critique instrumental and vocal performances,and demonstrate their knowledge of standard musical notation and music’s role in society.2Responding questions asked students to analyze and describe works of art and design, while creating questions requiredstudents to create works of art and design of their own.

NOTE: Excludes students unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in E

tions provided were not sufficient to enable the test to properly reflect the stmay not sum to totals because of rounding. Race categories exclude persracial/ethnic groups not shown separately. Standard errors appear in parentSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education SProgress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment, retrieved June 30, 2009, from the 

nationsreportcard/naepdata/). (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 134. Average arts scale score of 8th-graders, percentage distribution by frequency of instruction, and percentage participating in selected activities, by su

school characteristics: 2008

Selected student or school characteristic

Average score Percentage distribution of students by school-reported frequency of instruction

Music,1

responding

scale score

(0 to 300)

Visual arts2 Music Visual arts

Responding

scale score

(0 to 300)

Creating

task score

(0 to 100)

Subject

not offered

Less than

once a week

Once or

twice a week

At least 3 or 4

times a week

Subject

not offered

Less than

once a week

Once or

twice a week

At least 3 or 4

times a week

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 

All students ............................. 150 (1.2) 150 (1.2) 52 (0.6) 8 (2.0) 8 (2.0) 27 (3.1) 57 (3.2) 14 (2.4) 10 (2.5) 30 (3.5) 47 (3.9) 

Sex

Male .............................................. 145 (1.3) 145 (1.4) 49 (0.7) 9 (2.1) 8 (2.1) 27 (3.1) 56 (3.2) 14 (2.6) 10 (2.5) 30 (3.6) 46 (4.1) Female.......................................... 155 (1.4) 155 (1.2) 54 (0.7) 8 (2.0) 7 (1.9) 28 (3.2) 57 (3.2) 13 (2.3) 10 (2.5) 29 (3.3) 48 (3.8) 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................. 161 (1.3) 160 (1.2) 55 (0.5) 6 (2.5) 8 (2.5) 29 (4.0) 57 (3.6) 11 (2.6) 11 (3.4) 34 (4.4) 44 (4.6) Black ............................................. 130 (2.0) 129 (2.4) 43 (1.5) 10 (2.9) 8 (4.5) 26 (5.5) 56 (7.0) 18 (4.9) 10 (4.9) 24 (4.5) 49 (5.7) Hispanic ........................................ 129 (1.9) 134 (1.9) 46 (1.1) 14 (4.3) 6 (2.3) 21 (4.1) 59 (4.5) 17 (4.5) 5 (2.0) 23 (4.7) 56 (6.0) 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 159 (4.7) 156 (4.2) 54 (2.0) 7 (4.1) 8 (3.4) 25 (6.6) 60 (8.7) 5 (2.5) 11 (4.6) 29 (6.0) 54 (8.4) 

Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .......................................... 132 (1.3) 132 (1.4) 46 (1.0) 10 (2.1) 6 (2.1) 26 (3.4) 58 (3.9) 18 (3.4) 9 (3.2) 26 (3.7) 47 (4.7) Not eligible .................................... 161 (1.4) 161 (1.2) 55 (0.6) 8 (2.6) 8 (2.6) 26 (4.0) 59 (4.0) 10 (2.4) 10 (3.2) 30 (4.1) 50 (4.6) 

Unknown....................................... 156 (5.6) 156 (5.9) 57 (2.6) 4 † 19 (8.7) 54 (11.5) 23 (10.5) 16 (10.3) 13 (8.4) 47 (13.6) 24 (10.6) 

Control of school

Public ........................................... 149 (1.3) 149 (1.2) 51 (0.7) 8 (2.1) 7 (2.1) 24 (3.2) 61 (3.5) 13 (2.4) 10 (2.7) 26 (3.5) 51 (4.2) Private........................................... 163 (2.8) 159 (5.2) 60 (1.3) 10 (6.0) 15 (6.9) 71 (8.8) 3 (†) 17 (8.2) 10 (6.1) 70 (10.2) 3 (0.9) 

School location

City................................................ 142 (2.0) 144 (2.1) 49 (1.2) 13 (4.0) 10 (3.8) 24 (5.7) 52 (5.6) 12 (2.6) 9 (3.5) 24 (4.9) 55 (5.4) Suburban ...................................... 155 (1.9) 155 (1.8) 54 (0.7) 3 (2.2) 7 (3.5) 32 (5.6) 57 (6.3) 10 (3.1) 10 (4.6) 33 (6.4) 46 (6.1) Town.............................................. 156 (3.5) 149 (2.8) 50 (1.2) 4 (1.0) # (†) 18 (9.0) 78 (9.0) 16 (8.4) # (†) 23 (9.2) 60 (10.5) Rural ............................................. 150 (2.6) 151 (3.0) 52 (1.5) 13 (5.0) 8 (4.8) 29 (5.7) 50 (7.7) 20 (7.3) 17 (6.8) 35 (7.8) 28 (6.7) 

Region

Northeast ...................................... 154 (3.1) 160 (2.3) 52 (0.9) 10 (5.3) 13 (5.8) 40 (9.0) 37 (8.6) 5 (3.3) 5 (†) 50 (6.2) 39 (9.3) 

Midwest......................................... 158 (2.9) 155 (2.3) 53 (1.3) 12 (6.6) # (†) 25 (7.2) 63 (5.8) 9 (2.0) 15 (7.7) 26 (6.7) 50 (7.3) South ............................................ 147 (1.9) 147 (2.2) 51 (1.0) 6 (1.8) 10 (4.0) 25 (3.9) 59 (5.7) 19 (5.3) 9 (3.8) 26 (5.0) 46 (6.4) West.............................................. 144 (2.0) 143 (2.1) 51 (1.1) 8 (3.7) 8 (3.5) 24 (6.9) 60 (5.4) 15 (4.9) 9 (4.0) 25 (9.0) 51 (8.2) 

Frequency of instruction

Subject not offered........................ 139 (6.3) 138 (4.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) Less than once a week ................. 149 (6.4) 154 (5.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) Once or twice a week.................... 152 (2.8) 154 (2.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) At least 3 or 4 times a week.......... 149 (1.8) 149 (1.8) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. #Rounds to zero. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at a given grade.2Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.3Advanced signifies superior performance for a given grade.

NOTE: Includes public and private schools. Excludes students unable to be teto a disability (if the accommodations provided were not sufficient to enable th

tory proficiency). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totaseparately. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), 2001 and 2006 U.S. History Assessments, retrieved May 22

nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/). (This table was prepared May 2007.)

Table 135. Percentage of students attaining U.S. history achievement levels, by grade level and selected student characteristics: 2001 and 2006Selected student characteristic

Percent of 4th-graders Percent of 8th-graders 

2001,

At or above

Basic1

2006 2001, At or

above

Basic1

2006

2001,

At or above

Basic1

Below Basic

At or above

Basic1

At or above

Proficient 2

At

Advanced3 Below Basic

At or above

Basic1

At or above

Proficient 2

At

Advanced3 Below Ba

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 

All students ..................................... 66 (1.2) 30 (1.3) 70 (1.3) 18 (1.0) 2 (0.3) 62 (1.0) 35 (1.0) 65 (1.0) 17 (0.8) 1 (0.1) 43 (1.2) 53 (1

Sex

Male ...................................................... 65 (1.3) 31 (1.5) 69 (1.5) 20 (1.3) 2 (0.4) 62 (1.1) 33 (1.3) 67 (1.3) 19 (1.0) 2 (0.2) 45 (1.6) 50 (1

Female.................................................. 67 (1.4) 30 (1.2) 70 (1.2) 16 (1.0) 1 (0.3) 61 (1.2) 36 (1.0) 64 (1.0) 14 (0.7) 1 (0.2) 40 (1.2) 56 (1

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 76 (1.5) 16 (1.2) 84 (1.2) 26 (1.5) 2 (0.4) 71 (1.1) 21 (0.8) 79 (0.8) 23 (1.1) 2 (0.2) 49 (1.3) 44 (1

Black ..................................................... 41 (2.3) 54 (2.5) 46 (2.5) 5 (1.0) # (†) 35 (2.1) 60 (1.7) 40 (1.7) 4 (0.5) # (†) 19 (1.5) 80 (1Hispanic ................................................ 40 (2.8) 51 (2.7) 49 (2.7) 6 (0.7) 1 (0.2) 36 (2.6) 54 (2.2) 46 (2.2) 6 (0.8) # (0.1) 24 (2.3) 73 (1

Asian/Pacific Islander............................ 74 (4.5) 29 (4.8) 71 (4.8) 22 (4.3) 2 (—) 65 (3.0) 25 (4.4) 75 (4.4) 22 (3.0) 1 (0.6) 51 (6.7) 46 (3

American Indian/Alaska Native............. ‡ (†) 59 (7.7) 41 (7.7) 6 (3.2) # (†) 57 (6.5) 57 (6.1) 43 (6.1) 5 (—) # (†) 37 (7.8) 68 (7

Parents’ highest level of education

Not high school graduate...................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 38 (4.1) 60 (2.2) 40 (2.2) 3 (0.9) # (†) 19 (2.1) 82 (1

Graduated high school.......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 50 (1.8) 48 (2.2) 52 (2.2) 7 (0.7) # (†) 25 (1.6) 69 (1Some college ........................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 69 (1.5) 30 (1.3) 70 (1.3) 14 (1.2) 1 (0.3) 39 (1.3) 55 (1

Graduated college ................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 77 (1.0) 21 (1.1) 79 (1.1) 27 (1.1) 2 (0.3) 58 (1.5) 40 (1

Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .................................................. 45 (1.7) 49 (1.6) 51 (1.6) 6 (0.5) # (†) 38 (1.7) 56 (1.6) 44 (1.6) 5 (0.5) # (†) 22 (1.9) 76 (1

Not eligible ............................................ 79 (1.6) 16 (1.1) 84 (1.1) 27 (1.5) 3 (0.4) 71 (1.6) 22 (0.8) 78 (0.8) 23 (1.0) 2 (0.2) 44 (1.5) 48 (1Not available ......................................... 74 (2.8) 15 (4.0) 85 (4.0) 33 (4.7) 5 (1.7) 68 (2.2) 14 (3.2) 86 (3.2) 33 (3.8) 4 (1.1) 52 (2.9) 38 (3

Region

Northeast .............................................. — (†) 25 (2.5) 75 (2.5) 19 (1.5) 2 (0.5) — (†) 31 (2.4) 69 (2.4) 21 (2.1) 2 (0.4) — (†) 44 (3

Midwest................................................. — (†) 20 (2.1) 80 (2.1) 25 (2.8) 2 (0.7) — (†) 27 (1.8) 73 (1.8) 21 (1.7) 1 (0.3) — (†) 50 (1South .................................................... — (†) 29 (2.1) 71 (2.1) 18 (2.0) 2 (0.5) — (†) 36 (1.5) 64 (1.5) 15 (1.0) 1 (0.2) — (†) 59 (2

West...................................................... — (†) 45 (3.8) 55 (3.8) 11 (1.6) 1 (0.3) — (†) 44 (2.6) 56 (2.6) 11 (1.3) 1 (0.2) — (†) ‡ 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Accommodations were not permitted for this assessment.NOTE: Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Includes public and private schools. Excludes students unable to be tested due to limitedproficiency in English or due to a disability (if the accommodations provided were not sufficient to enable the test to properly

reflect the students’ proficiency in U.S. history). Race categories exclude perracial/ethnic groups not shown separately. Detail may not sum to totals beparentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), 1994, 2001, and 2006 U.S. History Assessments, retrieved Junnces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/). (This table was prepared June 2007.)

Table 136. Average U.S. history scale score, by grade level and selected student characteristics, and percentage distribution of 12th-graders, by selected student chSelected student characteristic

4th-graders 8th-graders 12th-graders 

19941 2001 2006 19941 2001 2006 19941 2001 2006 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

All students ..................................... 205 (1.0) 208 (0.9) 211 (1.1) 259 (0.6) 260 (0.8) 263 (0.8) 286 (0.8) 287 (0.9) 290 (0.7) 10

Sex

Male ...................................................... 203 (1.5) 207 (1.1) 211 (1.2) 259 (0.8) 261 (0.9) 264 (0.9) 288 (0.8) 288 (1.1) 292 (0.9) 5Female.................................................. 206 (1.1) 209 (1.2) 211 (1.1) 259 (0.7) 260 (0.9) 261 (0.8) 285 (0.9) 286 (0.9) 288 (0.8) 5

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 214 (1.3) 217 (1.3) 223 (1.1) 266 (0.8) 268 (0.9) 273 (0.6) 292 (0.8) 292 (1.0) 297 (0.8) 7

Black ..................................................... 176 (1.6) 186 (2.0) 191 (1.9) 238 (1.6) 240 (1.9) 244 (1.2) 265 (1.5) 267 (1.4) 270 (1.3) 1Hispanic ................................................ 175 (2.6) 184 (2.6) 194 (1.9) 243 (1.4) 240 (2.0) 248 (1.2) 267 (1.7) 271 (1.9) 275 (1.0) Asian/Pacific Islander............................ 204 (3.6) 216 (3.7) 214 (5.1) 261 (5.0) 264 (2.8) 270 (3.0) 283 (3.5) 294 (6.0) 296 (2.6) 

American Indian/Alaska Native............. ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 190 (5.9) 245 (3.4) 255 (4.4) 244 (6.3) 272 (3.0) 283 (4.2) 278 (4.1) 

Parents’ highest level of education

Not high school graduate...................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 241 (1.3) 241 (2.8) 244 (1.2) 263 (1.4) 266 (1.6) 268 (1.3) 

Graduated high school.......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 251 (0.8) 251 (1.0) 252 (1.3) 276 (1.1) 274 (1.1) 278 (1.0) 2Some college ........................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) 264 (0.8) 264 (1.0) 265 (0.9) 287 (1.2) 286 (0.8) 290 (0.8) 2

Graduated college ................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) 270 (0.8) 273 (0.9) 274 (0.8) 296 (0.9) 298 (1.2) 300 (0.8) 4

Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .................................................. — (†) 188 (1.4) 195 (1.1) — (†) 242 (1.3) 247 (1.1) — (†) 269 (1.4) 273 (1.0) — Not eligible ............................................ — (†) 219 (1.4) 224 (1.0) — (†) 267 (1.1) 273 (0.7) — (†) 289 (1.2) 295 (0.8) — 

Not available ......................................... — (†) 217 (2.8) 227 (3.9) — (†) 266 (2.0) 281 (2.7) — (†) 294 (2.1) 300 (2.4) — 

Region

Northeast .............................................. — (†) — (†) 215 (1.7) — (†) — (†) 267 (1.8) — (†) — (†) 297 (2.2) — 

Midwest................................................. — (†) — (†) 220 (2.2) — (†) — (†) 269 (1.4) — (†) — (†) 292 (1.1) — South .................................................... — (†) — (†) 213 (2.0) — (†) — (†) 262 (1.2) — (†) — (†) 286 (1.4) — West...................................................... — (†) — (†) 199 (2.9) — (†) — (†) 255 (1.9) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) — 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 205

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

#Rounds to zero.

†Not applicable. 

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Scale ranges from 0 to 300.

2Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at a given grade.

3Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.

4Advanced signifies superior performance for a given grade.

5Accommodations were not permitted for this assessment.

NOTE: Includes public and private schools. Excludes students unable to be tested due to

limited proficiency in English or due to a disability (if the accommodations provided were

not sufficient to enable the test to properly reflect the students' proficiency in civics). Race

categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals include other racial/ethnic groups

not shown separately. Standard errors appear in parentheses. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1998 and 2006 Civics Assessments,

retrieved July 3, 2007, from the NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/

nde/). (This table was prepared July 2007.)

Table 137. Average civics scale score and percentage of students attaining civics achievement levels, by grade level and selected student 

characteristics: 1998 and 2006

Selected student characteristic

Average scale score1

Percent of students attaining achievement levels

At or above Basic2 At or above Proficient3 At Advanced4

19985 2006 19985 2006 19985 2006 19985 2006

1 2345678 9

4th-graders .................................. 150 (0.7) 154 (1.0) 69 (1.0) 73 (1.2) 23 (0.9) 24 (1.0) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2)

Sex

Male .................................................. 149 (1.0) 153 (1.1) 68 (1.2) 72 (1.3) 22 (1.2) 24 (1.2) 2 (0.4) 1 (0.3)

Female.............................................. 151 (0.9) 155 (1.1) 70 (1.0) 75 (1.4) 23 (1.2) 24 (1.2) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.2)

Race/ethnicity

White................................................. 158 (0.9) 164 (0.9) 78 (1.3) 85 (1.0) 29 (1.2) 34 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 2 (0.3)

Black ................................................. 130 (1.1) 140 (1.5) 45 (1.7) 57 (2.3) 7 (1.1) 10 (1.2) 1 (0.3) # (†)

Hispanic ............................................ 123 (2.2) 138 (1.3) 40 (2.8) 55 (2.0) 6 (1.1) 10 (1.1) # (†) # (0.1)

Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 147 (4.0) 154 (3.8) 66 (5.5) 75 (4.5) 20 (3.5) 24 (4.0) 2 (0.9) 1 (0.6)

American Indian/Alaska Native......... ‡ (†) 124 (7.6) ‡ (†) 38 (11.3) ‡ (†) 7 (3.9) ‡ (†) # (†)

Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .............................................. 132 (0.9) 139 (1.1) 49 (1.3) 56 (1.6) 9 (0.9) 9 (0.8) # (†) # (†)

Not eligible ........................................ 160 (1.1) 166 (0.8) 80 (1.4) 87 (0.9) 30 (1.3) 36 (1.4) 2 (0.5) 2 (0.3)

Not available ..................................... 154 (2.2) 167 (2.1) 72 (3.1) 88 (2.2) 27 (2.5) 37 (4.0) 2 (0.9) 3 (1.4)

8th-graders .................................. 150 (0.7) 150 (0.8) 70 (0.9) 70 (1.1) 22 (0.8) 22 (0.8) 2 (0.2) 2 (0.2)

Sex

Male .................................................. 148 (0.9) 149 (1.0) 67 (1.1) 68 (1.3) 22 (1.0) 23 (0.9) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3)

Female.............................................. 152 (0.8) 151 (0.8) 73 (1.2) 72 (1.2) 22 (1.1) 21 (0.9) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.2)

Race/ethnicity

White................................................. 158 (0.9) 161 (0.8) 78 (1.1) 82 (0.9) 28 (1.0) 30 (1.0) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3)

Black ................................................. 131 (1.2) 133 (1.5) 49 (1.7) 50 (2.0) 7 (1.0) 9 (1.1) # (†) # (0.2)

Hispanic ............................................ 127 (1.3) 131 (1.1) 44 (2.3) 50 (2.2) 7 (1.0) 8 (1.0) # (0.2) # (†)

Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 151 (8.9) 154 (3.2) 69 (9.5) 73 (4.0) 25 (5.8) 27 (3.2) 3 (1.3) 3 (0.9)

American Indian/Alaska Native......... ‡ (†) 127 (7.3) ‡ (†) 46 (9.5) ‡ (†) 7 (2.9) ‡ (†) # (†)

Parents’ highest level of education

Not high school graduate.................. — (†) 129 (1.6) — (†) 47 (3.3) — (†) 6 (1.0) — (†) # (†)

Graduated high school...................... — (†) 140 (1.3) — (†) 59 (1.8) — (†) 11 (1.0) — (†) # (0.2)

Some college .................................... — (†) 153 (1.0) — (†) 75 (1.7) — (†) 20 (1.3) — (†) 1 (0.3)

Graduated college ............................ — (†) 162 (0.9) — (†) 82 (0.9) — (†) 33 (1.2) — (†) 3 (0.4)

Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .............................................. 131 (1.1) 132 (1.0) 48 (1.6) 51 (1.5) 8 (0.8) 8 (0.5) # (0.2) # (0.1)

Not eligible ........................................ 157 (1.0) 160 (0.8) 78 (1.2) 82 (1.0) 27 (1.2) 29 (0.9) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3)

Not available ..................................... 156 (2.2) 171 (2.4) 76 (2.7) 90 (2.2) 29 (2.1) 44 (4.1) 3 (0.6) 5 (1.8)

12th-graders ................................ 150 (0.8) 151 (0.9) 65 (0.9) 66 (1.1) 26 (0.9) 27 (1.0) 4 (0.4) 5 (0.4)

Sex

Male .................................................. 148 (1.1) 150 (1.1) 62 (1.2) 64 (1.5) 27 (1.2) 28 (1.2) 5 (0.6) 5 (0.5)

Female.............................................. 152 (0.8) 152 (1.0) 68 (1.2) 67 (1.2) 26 (1.1) 26 (1.2) 3 (0.4) 4 (0.5)

Race/ethnicity

White................................................. 157 (1.0) 158 (1.0) 73 (1.1) 74 (1.2) 32 (1.3) 34 (1.2) 5 (0.6) 6 (0.6)

Black ................................................. 130 (1.6) 131 (1.4) 41 (2.0) 42 (1.9) 9 (1.3) 9 (1.1) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3)

Hispanic ............................................ 132 (1.1) 134 (1.1) 45 (1.9) 46 (1.7) 10 (1.2) 12 (1.2) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3)

Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 149 (5.2) 155 (3.1) 63 (4.8) 68 (3.7) 27 (6.6) 33 (3.9) 5 (2.3) 8 (1.6)

American Indian/Alaska Native......... ‡ (†) 131 (3.5) ‡ (†) 42 (8.0) ‡ (†) 9 (3.0) ‡ (†) # (†)

Parents’ highest level of education

Not high school graduate.................. — (†) 126 (1.8) — (†) 35 (3.0) — (†) 8 (1.4) — (†) 1 (0.5)

Graduated high school...................... — (†) 138 (1.0) — (†) 52 (1.6) — (†) 13 (1.2) — (†) 1 (0.3)

Some college .................................... — (†) 150 (0.9) — (†) 66 (1.4) — (†) 23 (1.2) — (†) 3 (0.5)

Graduated college ............................ — (†) 162 (1.1) — (†) 77 (1.2) — (†) 39 (1.4) — (†) 8 (0.7)

Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .............................................. 130 (1.4) 133 (1.0) 42 (2.1) 45 (1.5) 10 (1.7) 11 (1.1) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4)

Not eligible ........................................ 153 (1.0) 156 (1.0) 69 (1.1) 71 (1.2) 29 (1.3) 31 (1.2) 5 (0.5) 6 (0.5)

Not available ..................................... 153 (1.3) 160 (2.4) 68 (1.6) 76 (3.1) 29 (1.5) 34 (2.8) 5 (0.7) 7 (1.3)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010—Not available. †Not applicable. 

#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.1Scale ranges from 0 to 300.2Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at a given grade.3Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.4Advanced signifies superior performance for a given grade.

5Advanced economics includes Advanced Placement, International BaccalauNOTE: Includes public and private schools. Excludes persons unable to be teto a disability (if the accommodations provided were not sufficient to enable thics proficiency). Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Race categorieinclude other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. Standard errors appeSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), 2006 Economics Assessment, retrieved August 23, 2007, from nationsreportcard/nde/). (This table was prepared August 2007.)

Table 138. Average economics scale score of 12th-graders, percentage attaining economics achievement levels, and percentage with different levels of economi

and school characteristics: 2006

Selected student or school characteristic

Average

scale score1

Percent of students attaining achievement levels Percentage distribution of students by highest lev

Below Basic At or above Basic2

At or above

Proficient3 At Advanced4

No economics

courses Combined course

Consum

economics/busine

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

All students ................................. 150 (0.9) 21 (0.8) 79 (0.8) 42 (1.1) 3 (0.3) 13 (0.9) 12 (0.7) 11 (0

Sex

Male .................................................. 152 (1.0) 21 (0.8) 79 (0.8) 45 (1.3) 4 (0.5) 13 (1.0) 10 (0.6) 10 (0

Female.............................................. 148 (0.9) 21 (0.9) 79 (0.9) 38 (1.3) 2 (0.3) 12 (0.9) 13 (0.9) 11 (0

Race/ethnicity

White................................................. 158 (0.8) 13 (0.7) 87 (0.7) 51 (1.2) 4 (0.4) 15 (1.1) 12 (0.8) 11 (0

Black ................................................. 127 (1.2) 43 (1.9) 57 (1.9) 16 (1.3) # (†) 8 (0.8) 11 (0.9) 11 (1Hispanic ............................................ 133 (1.2) 36 (1.6) 64 (1.6) 21 (1.2) # (†) 8 (1.7) 13 (1.1) 7 (0Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 153 (3.5) 20 (4.0) 80 (4.0) 44 (4.5) 4 (1.4) 13 (1.8) 10 (1.8) 10 (1American Indian/Alaska Native......... 137 (4.1) 28 (5.6) 72 (5.6) 26 (4.8) 2 (—) 11 (3.9) 18 (2.7) 17 (3

Parents’ highest level of education

Not high school graduate.................. 129 (1.4) 41 (2.1) 59 (2.1) 17 (1.7) # (†) 10 (1.7) 13 (1.4) 10 (1Graduated high school...................... 138 (1.2) 31 (1.5) 69 (1.5) 27 (1.4) 1 (0.3) 11 (1.2) 12 (1.0) 12 (1

Some college .................................... 150 (0.8) 18 (1.1) 82 (1.1) 39 (1.4) 1 (0.4) 11 (1.0) 13 (0.9) 12 (1Graduated college ............................ 160 (0.9) 13 (0.8) 87 (0.8) 54 (1.3) 5 (0.6) 14 (1.0) 11 (0.8) 10 (0

Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .............................................. 132 (0.9) 38 (1.1) 62 (1.1) 20 (1.1) 1 (0.2) 9 (0.7) 13 (1.1) 10 (0Not eligible ........................................ 155 (0.9) 16 (0.8) 84 (0.8) 48 (1.2) 4 (0.4) 13 (1.1) 12 (0.8) 12 (0

Not available ..................................... 157 (1.9) 14 (1.7) 86 (1.7) 50 (2.8) 4 (1.1) 16 (3.0) 12 (1.6) 7 (1

School location

Central city........................................ 148 (1.4) 24 (1.3) 76 (1.3) 39 (1.8) 3 (0.7) 10 (1.3) 12 (1.2) 9 (1Urban fringe...................................... 152 (1.2) 20 (1.1) 80 (1.1) 44 (1.6) 3 (0.5) 14 (1.5) 12 (0.9) 11 (0

Rural ................................................. 149 (1.3) 20 (1.5) 80 (1.5) 40 (1.7) 2 (0.4) 12 (1.9) 12 (1.3) 13 (1

Region

Northeast .......................................... 153 (2.0) 19 (1.7) 81 (1.7) 46 (2.6) 4 (0.9) 26 (2.6) 7 (1.1) 11 (1

Midwest............................................. 153 (1.5) 17 (1.4) 83 (1.4) 45 (2.0) 3 (0.6) 12 (2.2) 12 (1.6) 15 (1South ................................................ 147 (1.4) 23 (1.4) 77 (1.4) 37 (1.7) 2 (0.5) 6 (1.1) 14 (1.2) 9 (1West.................................................. ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. #Rounds to zero. NOTE: Includes public and private schools. Excludes students unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability (if the accommodations provided were not sufficient to enable the test to properly reflect the students’ profi- ciency in geography). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicit

shown separately. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. StandarSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), The Nation’s Report Card: Geography 2001. (This table was pre

Table 139. Percentage of students attaining geography achievement levels, by grade level and selected student characteristics: 2001Selected student characteristic

Percent of 4th-graders Percent of 8th-graders 

Below Basic

At or above

Basic

At or above

Proficient At Advanced Below Basic

At or above

Basic

At or above

Proficient At Advanced Below Basic

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

All students ..................................... 26 (1.2) 74 (1.2) 21 (1.0) 2 (0.3) 26 (0.9) 74 (0.9) 30 (1.2) 4 (0.6) 29 (0.9) 7

Sex 

Male ...................................................... 25 (1.3) 75 (1.3) 24 (1.4) 3 (0.5) 25 (1.0) 75 (1.0) 33 (1.5) 5 (0.7) 27 (1.1) 7

Female.................................................. 28 (1.6) 72 (1.6) 18 (1.1) 1 (0.4) 27 (1.2) 73 (1.2) 26 (1.4) 3 (0.6) 30 (1.0) 7

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 13 (1.3) 87 (1.3) 29 (1.5) 3 (0.5) 14 (0.9) 86 (0.9) 39 (1.7) 5 (0.8) 19 (0.9) 8

Black ..................................................... 56 (2.1) 44 (2.1) 5 (0.9) # (†) 60 (2.3) 40 (2.3) 6 (0.8) # (†) 65 (2.3) 3Hispanic ................................................ 51 (3.0) 49 (3.0) 6 (1.0) # (†) 52 (1.9) 48 (1.9) 10 (1.0) 1 (0.2) 48 (2.6) 5

Asian/Pacific Islander............................ 23 (3.4) 77 (3.4) 25 (3.0) 1 (0.9) 21 (3.4) 79 (3.4) 32 (3.2) 4 (1.8) 28 (4.3) 7

Free/reduced-price lunch eligibility

Eligible .................................................. 49 (2.2) 51 (2.2) 6 (0.9) # (†) 50 (1.8) 50 (1.8) 11 (1.2) 1 (0.3) 49 (2.3) 5

Not eligible ............................................ 14 (1.1) 86 (1.1) 29 (1.5) 3 (0.6) 17 (0.9) 83 (0.9) 37 (1.7) 5 (0.8) 25 (1.2) 7Not available ......................................... 16 (2.5) 84 (2.5) 27 (3.2) 3 (0.8) 21 (2.1) 79 (2.1) 33 (2.5) 4 (0.9) 24 (2.0) 7

Region

Northeast .............................................. 22 (3.7) 78 (3.7) 24 (2.2) 3 (0.9) 22 (2.5) 78 (2.5) 34 (3.3) 4 (1.3) 29 (2.3) 7

Southeast.............................................. 28 (2.5) 72 (2.5) 18 (1.9) 1 (0.6) 27 (2.4) 73 (2.4) 26 (1.6) 3 (0.6) 33 (1.6) 6

Central .................................................. 18 (1.7) 82 (1.7) 30 (2.5) 3 (0.7) 18 (2.3) 82 (2.3) 38 (3.7) 6 (1.3) 24 (1.8) 7

West...................................................... 34 (2.7) 66 (2.7) 14 (1.7) 1 (0.3) 34 (1.7) 66 (1.7) 23 (1.7) 2 (0.6) 30 (1.9) 7
208 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable. 

NOTE: Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Students scoring 150 (or higher) know some basic addition and subtraction facts. Students scoring 200 have considerable understanding of two-digit

numbers and know some basic multiplication and division facts. Students scoring 250 have an

initial understanding of the four basic operations and are developing an ability to analyze simple logical relations. Students scoring 300 can perform reasoning and problem solving involving fractions, decimals, percents, elementary geometry, and simple algebra. Students scoring

350 can perform reasoning and problem solving involving geometry, algebra, and beginning

statistics and probability. Includes public and private schools. Excludes persons not enrolled in

school and students who were unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in English or due

to a disability. Beginning in 2004, data are for a revised assessment format that provides

accommodations for students with disabilities and English language learners. Race categories

exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors

appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), NAEP 2004 Trends in Academic Progress; and

2008 NAEP Long-Term Trend Mathematics Assessment, retrieved May 4, 2009, from the

Long-Term Trend NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/).

(This table was prepared May 2009.)

Table 140. Average mathematics scale score, by age and selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 1973 through 2008

Selected student and school 

characteristic 1973 1978 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 2004 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

9-year-olds

All students ...................... 219 (0.8) 219 (0.8) 219 (1.1) 222 (1.0) 230 (0.8) 230 (0.8) 231 (0.8) 231 (0.8) 232 (0.8) 239 (0.9) 243 (0.8)

Sex

Male ....................................... 218 (0.7) 217 (0.7) 217 (1.2) 222 (1.1) 229 (0.9) 231 (1.0) 232 (1.0) 233 (1.2) 233 (1.0) 239 (1.0) 242 (0.9)

Female................................... 220 (1.1) 220 (1.0) 221 (1.2) 222 (1.2) 230 (1.1) 228 (1.0) 230 (0.9) 229 (0.7) 231 (0.9) 240 (1.0) 243 (1.0)

Race/ethnicity

White...................................... 225 (1.0) 224 (0.9) 224 (1.1) 227 (1.1) 235 (0.8) 235 (0.8) 237 (1.0) 237 (1.0) 239 (0.9) 245 (0.8) 250 (0.8)

Black ...................................... 190 (1.8) 192 (1.1) 195 (1.6) 202 (1.6) 208 (2.2) 208 (2.0) 212 (1.6) 212 (1.4) 211 (1.6) 221 (2.1) 224 (1.9)

Hispanic ................................. 202 (2.4) 203 (2.2) 204 (1.3) 205 (2.1) 214 (2.1) 212 (2.3) 210 (2.3) 215 (1.7) 213 (1.9) 229 (2.0) 234 (1.2)

Region

Northeast ............................... 227 (1.9) 227 (1.9) 226 (1.8) 226 (2.7) 236 (2.1) 235 (1.9) 238 (2.2) 236 (2.0) 242 (1.7) 243 (2.5) 248 (1.5)

Southeast............................... 208 (1.3) 209 (1.2) 210 (2.5) 218 (2.5) 224 (2.4) 221 (1.7) 229 (1.4) 227 (2.0) 226 (2.6) 236 (1.7) 237 (1.9)

Central ................................... 224 (1.5) 224 (1.5) 221 (2.7) 226 (2.3) 231 (1.3) 234 (1.6) 233 (1.8) 233 (2.3) 233 (1.4) 240 (1.9) 244 (1.2)

West....................................... 216 (2.2) 213 (1.3) 219 (1.8) 217 (2.4) 228 (1.8) 229 (2.3) 226 (1.6) 229 (1.3) 228 (1.7) 239 (1.7) 243 (1.1)

13-year-olds

All students ...................... 266 (1.1) 264 (1.1) 269 (1.1) 269 (1.2) 270 (0.9) 273 (0.9) 274 (1.0) 274 (0.8) 276 (0.8) 279 (1.0) 281 (0.9)

Sex

Male ....................................... 265 (1.3) 264 (1.3) 269 (1.4) 270 (1.1) 271 (1.2) 274 (1.1) 276 (1.3) 276 (0.9) 277 (0.9) 279 (1.0) 284 (1.0)

Female................................... 267 (1.1) 265 (1.1) 268 (1.1) 268 (1.5) 270 (0.9) 272 (1.0) 273 (1.0) 272 (1.0) 274 (1.1) 278 (1.2) 279 (1.0)

Race/ethnicity

White...................................... 274 (0.9) 272 (0.8) 274 (1.0) 274 (1.3) 276 (1.1) 279 (0.9) 281 (0.9) 281 (0.9) 283 (0.8) 287 (0.9) 290 (1.2)

Black ...................................... 228 (1.9) 230 (1.9) 240 (1.6) 249 (2.3) 249 (2.3) 250 (1.9) 252 (3.5) 252 (1.3) 251 (2.6) 257 (1.8) 262 (1.2)

Hispanic ................................. 239 (2.2) 238 (2.0) 252 (1.7) 254 (2.9) 255 (1.8) 259 (1.8) 256 (1.9) 256 (1.6) 259 (1.7) 264 (1.5) 268 (1.2)

Parents’ highest level of 

education

Did not finish high school....... — (†) 245 (1.2) 251 (1.4) 252 (2.3) 253 (1.8) 256 (1.0) 255 (2.1) 254 (2.4) 256 (2.8) 263 (1.9) 268 (1.3)

Graduated high school........... — (†) 263 (1.0) 263 (0.8) 263 (1.2) 263 (1.2) 263 (1.2) 266 (1.1) 267 (1.1) 264 (1.1) 270 (1.3) 272 (1.1)

Some education after high 

school .............................. — (†) 273 (1.2) 275 (0.9) 274 (0.8) 277 (1.0) 278 (1.0) 277 (1.6) 277 (1.4) 279 (0.9) 282 (1.4) 285 (1.1)

Graduated college ................. — (†) 284 (1.2) 282 (1.5) 280 (1.4) 280 (1.0) 283 (1.0) 285 (1.2) 283 (1.2) 286 (1.0) 289 (1.1) 291 (1.0)

Region

Northeast ............................... 275 (2.4) 273 (2.4) 277 (2.0) 277 (2.2) 275 (2.3) 274 (2.2) 284 (1.5) 275 (2.1) 279 (2.7) 282 (2.5) 285 (1.6)

Southeast............................... 255 (3.2) 253 (3.3) 258 (2.2) 263 (1.4) 266 (1.9) 271 (2.5) 269 (2.0) 270 (1.8) 270 (2.3) 276 (2.4) 277 (1.8)

Central ................................... 271 (1.8) 269 (1.8) 273 (2.1) 266 (4.5) 272 (2.4) 275 (1.5) 275 (3.4) 280 (1.3) 278 (1.8) 281 (1.7) 284 (2.2)

West....................................... 262 (1.9) 260 (1.9) 266 (2.4) 270 (2.1) 269 (1.6) 272 (1.4) 272 (1.7) 273 (1.9) 276 (1.4) 278 (1.5) 281 (1.3)

17-year-olds

All students ...................... 304 (1.1) 300 (1.0) 298 (0.9) 302 (0.9) 305 (0.9) 307 (0.9) 306 (1.0) 307 (1.2) 308 (1.0) 305 (0.7) 306 (0.6)

Sex

Male ....................................... 309 (1.2) 304 (1.0) 301 (1.0) 305 (1.2) 306 (1.1) 309 (1.1) 309 (1.4) 310 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 307 (0.9) 309 (0.7)

Female................................... 301 (1.1) 297 (1.0) 296 (1.0) 299 (1.0) 303 (1.1) 305 (1.1) 304 (1.1) 305 (1.4) 307 (1.0) 304 (0.8) 303 (0.8)

Race/ethnicity

White...................................... 310 (1.1) 306 (0.9) 304 (0.9) 308 (1.0) 309 (1.0) 312 (0.8) 312 (1.1) 313 (1.4) 315 (1.1) 311 (0.7) 314 (0.7)

Black ...................................... 270 (1.3) 268 (1.3) 272 (1.2) 279 (2.1) 289 (2.8) 286 (2.2) 286 (1.8) 286 (1.7) 283 (1.5) 284 (1.4) 287 (1.2)

Hispanic ................................. 277 (2.2) 276 (2.3) 277 (1.8) 283 (2.9) 284 (2.9) 292 (2.6) 291 (3.7) 292 (2.1) 293 (2.5) 292 (1.2) 293 (1.1)

Parents’ highest level of 

education

Did not finish high school....... — (†) 280 (1.2) 279 (1.0) 279 (2.3) 285 (2.2) 285 (2.3) 284 (2.4) 281 (2.4) 289 (1.8) 287 (1.2) 292 (1.3)

Graduated high school........... — (†) 294 (0.8) 293 (0.8) 293 (1.0) 294 (0.9) 298 (1.7) 295 (1.1) 297 (2.4) 299 (1.6) 294 (0.9) 296 (1.2)

Some education after high 

school .............................. — (†) 305 (0.9) 304 (0.9) 305 (1.2) 308 (1.0) 308 (1.1) 305 (1.3) 307 (1.5) 308 (1.6) 305 (0.9) 306 (0.8)

Graduated college ................. — (†) 317 (1.0) 312 (1.0) 314 (1.4) 316 (1.3) 316 (1.0) 318 (1.4) 317 (1.3) 317 (1.2) 315 (0.9) 316 (0.7)

Region

Northeast ............................... 312 (1.8) 307 (1.8) 304 (2.0) 307 (1.9) 304 (2.1) 311 (2.0) 313 (2.9) 309 (3.0) 313 (2.4) 306 (1.6) 308 (1.4)

Southeast............................... 296 (1.8) 292 (1.7) 292 (2.1) 297 (1.4) 301 (2.3) 301 (1.9) 301 (1.6) 303 (2.1) 300 (1.4) 300 (1.2) 303 (1.5)

Central ................................... 306 (1.8) 305 (1.9) 302 (1.4) 304 (1.9) 311 (2.1) 312 (2.0) 307 (2.2) 314 (2.0) 310 (2.0) 310 (1.3) 309 (1.6)

West....................................... 303 (2.0) 295 (1.8) 294 (1.9) 299 (2.7) 302 (1.5) 303 (2.3) 305 (2.4) 304 (2.3) 310 (2.0) 305 (1.6) 305 (1.1)
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 209

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Scale score of 150 or above. 

2Scale score of 200 or above. 

3Scale score of 250 or above. 

4Scale score of 300 or above. 

5Scale score of 350 or above. 

NOTE: Excludes persons not enrolled in school and students who were unable to be tested

due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. Beginning in 2004, data are for a

revised assessment format that provides accommodations for students with disabilities and

English language learners. Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), NAEP 1999 Trends in Academic Progress; and

2004 and 2008 Long-Term Trend Mathematics Assessments, retrieved May 4, 2009, from the

Long-Term Trend NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/).

(This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 141. Percentage of students at or above selected mathematics proficiency levels, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 

1978 through 2008

Selected 

characteristic

9-year-olds 13-year-olds 17-year-olds

Simple

arithmetic facts1

Beginning

skills and

understanding2

Numerical

operations

and beginning

problem solving3

Beginning

skills and

understanding2

Numerical

operations

and beginning

problem solving3

Moderately

complex

procedures

and reasoning4

Numerical

operations and

beginning

problem solving3

Moderately

complex

procedures

and reasoning4

Multistep

problem solving

and algebra5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

Total

1978.................. 96.7 (0.25) 70.4 (0.92) 19.6 (0.73) 94.6 (0.46) 64.9 (1.18) 18.0 (0.73) 92.0 (0.50) 51.5 (1.14) 7.3 (0.44)

1982.................. 97.1 (0.35) 71.4 (1.18) 18.8 (0.96) 97.7 (0.37) 71.4 (1.18) 17.4 (0.95) 93.0 (0.50) 48.5 (1.28) 5.5 (0.43)

1986.................. 97.9 (0.29) 74.1 (1.24) 20.7 (0.88) 98.6 (0.25) 73.3 (1.59) 15.8 (1.01) 95.6 (0.48) 51.7 (1.43) 6.5 (0.52)

1990.................. 99.1 (0.21) 81.5 (0.96) 27.7 (0.86) 98.5 (0.21) 74.7 (1.03) 17.3 (0.99) 96.0 (0.52) 56.1 (1.43) 7.2 (0.63)

1992.................. 99.0 (0.24) 81.4 (0.80) 27.8 (0.90) 98.7 (0.25) 77.9 (1.06) 18.9 (1.01) 96.6 (0.52) 59.1 (1.26) 7.2 (0.63)

1994.................. 99.0 (0.24) 82.0 (0.66) 29.9 (1.12) 98.5 (0.33) 78.1 (1.07) 21.3 (1.35) 96.5 (0.50) 58.6 (1.35) 7.4 (0.76)

1996.................. 99.1 (0.18) 81.5 (0.76) 29.7 (1.02) 98.8 (0.20) 78.6 (0.87) 20.6 (1.24) 96.8 (0.42) 60.1 (1.72) 7.4 (0.77)

1999.................. 98.9 (0.17) 82.5 (0.84) 30.9 (1.07) 98.7 (0.25) 78.8 (1.02) 23.2 (0.95) 96.8 (0.45) 60.7 (1.63) 8.4 (0.83)

2004.................. 98.7 (0.19) 87.0 (0.77) 40.9 (0.89) 98.1 (0.19) 81.1 (0.98) 27.8 (1.09) 95.8 (0.40) 58.3 (1.12) 6.1 (0.47)

2008.................. 99.0 (0.18) 89.1 (0.69) 44.5 (1.01) 98.2 (0.19) 83.4 (0.63) 30.0 (1.08) 96.0 (0.37) 59.4 (0.87) 6.2 (0.40)

Male

1978.................. 96.2 (0.48) 68.9 (0.98) 19.2 (0.64) 93.9 (0.49) 63.9 (1.32) 18.4 (0.85) 93.0 (0.52) 55.1 (1.21) 9.5 (0.57)

1982.................. 96.5 (0.55) 68.8 (1.29) 18.1 (1.06) 97.5 (0.55) 71.3 (1.44) 18.9 (1.18) 93.9 (0.58) 51.9 (1.51) 6.9 (0.70)

1986.................. 98.0 (0.51) 74.0 (1.45) 20.9 (1.10) 98.5 (0.32) 73.8 (1.76) 17.6 (1.12) 96.1 (0.63) 54.6 (1.78) 8.4 (0.91)

1990.................. 99.0 (0.26) 80.6 (1.05) 27.5 (0.96) 98.2 (0.34) 75.1 (1.75) 19.0 (1.24) 95.8 (0.77) 57.6 (1.42) 8.8 (0.76)

1992.................. 99.0 (0.29) 81.9 (1.05) 29.4 (1.21) 98.8 (0.42) 78.1 (1.60) 20.7 (1.13) 96.9 (0.56) 60.5 (1.80) 9.1 (0.73)

1994.................. 99.1 (0.27) 82.3 (0.87) 31.5 (1.59) 98.3 (0.45) 78.9 (1.49) 23.9 (1.59) 97.3 (0.57) 60.2 (2.08) 9.3 (1.04)

1996.................. 99.1 (0.20) 82.5 (1.10) 32.7 (1.74) 98.7 (0.25) 79.8 (1.43) 23.0 (1.64) 97.0 (0.66) 62.7 (1.77) 9.5 (1.32)

1999.................. 98.8 (0.28) 82.6 (0.92) 32.4 (1.25) 98.5 (0.27) 79.3 (1.12) 25.4 (1.19) 96.5 (0.81) 63.1 (2.12) 9.8 (1.09)

2004.................. 98.3 (0.27) 86.1 (0.89) 40.7 (1.03) 97.7 (0.29) 80.5 (1.08) 29.9 (1.27) 95.6 (0.45) 60.8 (1.31) 7.3 (0.68)

2008.................. 99.0 (0.27) 88.4 (0.87) 44.4 (1.18) 98.2 (0.28) 84.3 (0.75) 33.4 (1.29) 96.2 (0.47) 62.9 (0.96) 7.6 (0.61)

Female

1978.................. 97.2 (0.27) 72.0 (1.05) 19.9 (1.00) 95.2 (0.49) 65.9 (1.17) 17.5 (0.75) 91.0 (0.57) 48.2 (1.29) 5.2 (0.66)

1982.................. 97.6 (0.33) 74.0 (1.30) 19.6 (1.11) 98.0 (0.27) 71.4 (1.29) 15.9 (1.00) 92.1 (0.56) 45.3 (1.37) 4.1 (0.42)

1986.................. 97.8 (0.38) 74.3 (1.32) 20.6 (1.28) 98.6 (0.31) 72.7 (1.95) 14.1 (1.31) 95.1 (0.65) 48.9 (1.73) 4.7 (0.59)

1990.................. 99.1 (0.26) 82.3 (1.26) 27.9 (1.31) 98.9 (0.18) 74.4 (1.32) 15.7 (1.00) 96.2 (0.84) 54.7 (1.84) 5.6 (0.79)

1992.................. 99.0 (0.33) 80.9 (1.15) 26.3 (1.52) 98.6 (0.23) 77.7 (1.06) 17.2 (1.39) 96.3 (0.82) 57.7 (1.63) 5.2 (0.75)

1994.................. 98.9 (0.31) 81.7 (0.91) 28.3 (1.28) 98.7 (0.31) 77.3 (0.99) 18.7 (1.39) 96.0 (0.65) 57.2 (1.40) 5.5 (0.87)

1996.................. 99.1 (0.36) 80.7 (0.93) 26.7 (1.07) 98.8 (0.27) 77.4 (1.09) 18.4 (1.48) 96.7 (0.57) 57.6 (2.21) 5.3 (0.80)

1999.................. 99.0 (0.19) 82.5 (1.15) 29.4 (1.36) 99.0 (0.40) 78.4 (1.22) 21.0 (1.38) 97.2 (0.40) 58.5 (1.89) 7.1 (1.06)

2004.................. 99.0 (0.22) 87.8 (0.96) 41.1 (1.13) 98.4 (0.25) 81.7 (1.10) 25.7 (1.24) 95.9 (0.58) 55.9 (1.18) 4.9 (0.48)

2008.................. 99.0 (0.21) 89.9 (0.78) 44.6 (1.18) 98.2 (0.25) 82.5 (0.86) 26.7 (1.13) 95.7 (0.43) 55.8 (1.25) 4.6 (0.34)

White

1978.................. 98.3 (0.19) 76.3 (1.00) 22.9 (0.87) 97.6 (0.27) 72.9 (0.85) 21.4 (0.73) 95.6 (0.30) 57.6 (1.14) 8.5 (0.48)

1982.................. 98.5 (0.25) 76.8 (1.22) 21.8 (1.13) 99.1 (0.14) 78.3 (0.94) 20.5 (1.00) 96.2 (0.33) 54.7 (1.41) 6.4 (0.54)

1986.................. 98.8 (0.24) 79.6 (1.33) 24.6 (1.03) 99.3 (0.27) 78.9 (1.69) 18.6 (1.17) 98.0 (0.36) 59.1 (1.69) 7.9 (0.68)

1990.................. 99.6 (0.16) 86.9 (0.86) 32.7 (1.04) 99.4 (0.14) 82.0 (1.01) 21.0 (1.23) 97.6 (0.28) 63.2 (1.59) 8.3 (0.73)

1992.................. 99.6 (0.14) 86.9 (0.68) 32.4 (1.01) 99.6 (0.18) 84.9 (1.10) 22.8 (1.28) 98.3 (0.36) 66.4 (1.40) 8.7 (0.87)

1994.................. 99.6 (0.16) 87.0 (0.84) 35.3 (1.33) 99.3 (0.22) 85.5 (0.93) 25.6 (1.64) 98.4 (0.36) 67.0 (1.40) 9.4 (1.06)

1996.................. 99.6 (0.15) 86.6 (0.80) 35.7 (1.38) 99.6 (0.16) 86.4 (1.02) 25.4 (1.50) 98.7 (0.37) 68.7 (2.18) 9.2 (1.02)

1999.................. 99.6 (0.12) 88.6 (0.78) 37.1 (1.35) 99.4 (0.29) 86.7 (0.92) 29.0 (1.26) 98.7 (0.40) 69.9 (1.96) 10.4 (1.07)

2004.................. 99.2 (0.18) 91.9 (0.61) 47.2 (0.97) 99.1 (0.16) 89.3 (0.82) 35.1 (1.21) 97.5 (0.28) 66.8 (1.08) 7.6 (0.63)

2008.................. 99.6 (0.12) 94.0 (0.52) 52.9 (1.29) 98.9 (0.17) 90.4 (0.83) 39.2 (1.60) 98.2 (0.26) 70.5 (1.09) 8.1 (0.55)

Black

1978.................. 88.4 (1.01) 42.0 (1.44) 4.1 (0.64) 79.7 (1.48) 28.7 (2.06) 2.3 (0.48) 70.7 (1.73) 16.8 (1.57) 0.5 (—)

1982.................. 90.2 (0.97) 46.1 (2.35) 4.4 (0.81) 90.2 (1.60) 37.9 (2.51) 2.9 (0.96) 76.4 (1.47) 17.1 (1.51) 0.5 (—)

1986.................. 93.9 (1.37) 53.4 (2.47) 5.6 (0.92) 95.4 (0.95) 49.0 (3.70) 4.0 (1.42) 85.6 (2.53) 20.8 (2.83) 0.2 (—)

1990.................. 96.9 (0.88) 60.0 (2.76) 9.4 (1.72) 95.4 (1.10) 48.7 (3.56) 3.9 (1.61) 92.4 (2.20) 32.8 (4.49) 2.0 (1.04)

1992.................. 96.6 (1.12) 59.8 (2.82) 9.6 (1.42) 95.0 (1.35) 51.0 (2.73) 4.0 (0.69) 89.6 (2.53) 29.8 (3.94) 0.9 (—)

1994.................. 97.4 (0.98) 65.9 (2.56) 11.1 (1.71) 95.6 (1.60) 51.0 (3.91) 6.4 (2.37) 90.6 (1.79) 29.8 (3.38) 0.4 (—)

1996.................. 97.3 (0.84) 65.3 (2.38) 10.0 (1.24) 96.2 (1.27) 53.7 (2.56) 4.8 (1.08) 90.6 (1.33) 31.2 (2.51) 0.9 (—)

1999.................. 96.4 (0.64) 63.3 (2.11) 12.3 (1.48) 96.5 (1.06) 50.8 (4.01) 4.4 (1.37) 88.6 (1.95) 26.6 (2.70) 1.0 (—)

2004.................. 97.1 (0.65) 74.3 (2.61) 22.0 (1.72) 95.3 (0.78) 61.5 (2.47) 9.7 (1.35) 89.1 (1.63) 29.4 (2.07) 0.4 (—)

2008.................. 96.9 (0.86) 75.6 (2.31) 24.6 (1.67) 96.6 (0.68) 67.6 (1.69) 10.2 (1.17) 90.6 (1.42) 31.8 (1.60) 0.8 (0.23)

Hispanic

1978.................. 93.0 (1.20) 54.2 (2.80) 9.2 (2.49) 86.4 (0.94) 36.0 (2.92) 4.0 (0.95) 78.3 (2.29) 23.4 (2.67) 1.4 (0.58)

1982.................. 94.3 (1.19) 55.7 (2.26) 7.8 (1.74) 95.9 (0.95) 52.2 (2.48) 6.3 (0.97) 81.4 (1.86) 21.6 (2.16) 0.7 (0.36)

1986.................. 96.4 (1.29) 57.6 (2.95) 7.3 (2.81) 96.9 (1.43) 56.0 (5.01) 5.5 (1.15) 89.3 (2.52) 26.5 (4.48) 1.1 (—)

1990.................. 98.0 (0.76) 68.4 (3.03) 11.3 (3.49) 96.8 (1.06) 56.7 (3.32) 6.4 (1.70) 85.8 (4.18) 30.1 (3.09) 1.9 (0.78)

1992.................. 97.2 (1.29) 65.0 (2.94) 11.7 (2.53) 98.1 (0.70) 63.3 (2.67) 7.0 (1.15) 94.1 (2.21) 39.2 (4.86) 1.2 (—)

1994.................. 97.2 (1.15) 63.5 (3.08) 9.7 (1.82) 97.1 (1.31) 59.2 (2.17) 6.4 (1.78) 91.8 (3.57) 38.3 (5.50) 1.4 (—)

1996.................. 98.1 (0.73) 67.1 (2.14) 13.8 (2.26) 96.2 (0.78) 58.3 (2.28) 6.7 (1.17) 92.2 (2.24) 40.1 (3.47) 1.8 (—)

1999.................. 98.1 (0.71) 67.5 (2.47) 10.5 (1.63) 97.2 (0.60) 62.9 (2.50) 8.2 (1.37) 93.6 (2.21) 37.7 (4.15) 3.1 (1.12)

2004.................. 98.0 (0.46) 80.5 (2.03) 30.2 (2.17) 96.4 (0.66) 68.5 (1.86) 13.7 (1.44) 92.3 (1.05) 38.1 (2.12) 1.9 (0.60)

2008.................. 98.9 (0.28) 85.1 (1.25) 33.5 (1.46) 97.0 (0.44) 73.3 (1.71) 14.4 (1.09) 92.2 (1.10) 41.1 (1.69) 1.5 (0.41)
210 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable. 

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Includes Asians/Pacific Islanders and American Indians/Alaska Natives. 

NOTE: Score level 200 indicates ability to perform simple additive reasoning and problem

solving. Score level 250 indicates ability to perform simple multiplicative reasoning and twostep problem solving. Score level 300 indicates ability to perform reasoning and problem

solving involving fractions, decimals, percents, elementary geometry, and simple algebra.

Score level 350 indicates ability to perform reasoning and problem solving involving geometry, algebra, and beginning statistics and probability. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Excludes

persons not enrolled in school and students who were unable to be tested due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. Beginning in 2008, data are for a revised assessment

format that provides accommodations for students with disabilities and English language

learners. Includes public and private schools. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic

ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, 1996

and 1999; and 2004 and 2008 Long-Term Trend Mathematics Assessments, retrieved June

4, 2009, from the Long-Term Trend NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreport

card/naepdata/). (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 142. Mathematics performance of 17-year-olds, by highest mathematics course taken, sex, and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 

1978 through 2008

Year, sex, 

and race/ethnicity

Percent

of students

Average scale score by highest mathematics course taken Percent of students at or above score levels

All students

Prealgebra or

general

mathematics Algebra I Geometry Algebra II

Precalculus

or calculus 200 250 300 350

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12

1978

All students ............ 100 (†) 300 (1.0) 267 (0.8) 286 (0.7) 307 (0.7) 321 (0.7) 334 (1.4) 100 (†) 92 (0.5) 52 (1.1) 7 (0.4)

Sex

Male ............................. 49 (0.5) 304 (1.0) 269 (1.0) 289 (0.9) 310 (1.0) 325 (0.8) 337 (2.0) 100 (†) 93 (0.5) 55 (1.2) 10 (0.6)

Female......................... 51 (0.5) 297 (1.0) 264 (0.9) 284 (1.0) 304 (0.8) 318 (0.9) 329 (1.8) 100 (†) 91 (0.6) 48 (1.3) 5 (0.7)

Race/ethnicity

White............................ 83 (1.3) 306 (0.9) 272 (0.6) 291 (0.6) 310 (0.6) 325 (0.6) 338 (1.1) 100 (†) 96 (0.3) 58 (1.1) 8 (0.5)

Black ............................ 12 (1.1) 268 (1.3) 247 (1.6) 264 (1.5) 281 (1.9) 292 (1.4) 297 (6.5) 99 (0.3) 71 (1.7) 17 (1.6) # (†)

Hispanic ....................... 4 (0.5) 276 (2.3) 256 (2.3) 273 (2.8) 294 (4.4) 303 (2.9) ‡ (†) 99 (0.4) 78 (2.3) 23 (2.7) 1 (0.6)

Other1........................... 1 (0.1) 313 (3.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 323 (2.9) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 94 (2.6) 65 (4.9) 15 (3.2)

1990

All students ............ 100 (†) 305 (0.9) 273 (1.1) 288 (1.2) 299 (1.5) 319 (1.0) 344 (2.7) 100 (†) 96 (0.5) 56 (1.4) 7 (0.6)

Sex

Male ............................. 49 (0.9) 306 (1.1) 274 (1.7) 291 (1.6) 302 (1.6) 323 (1.2) 347 (2.4) 100 (†) 96 (0.8) 58 (1.4) 9 (0.8)

Female......................... 51 (0.9) 303 (1.1) 271 (1.8) 285 (1.8) 296 (1.8) 316 (1.1) 340 (4.0) 100 (†) 96 (0.8) 55 (1.8) 6 (0.8)

Race/ethnicity

White............................ 73 (0.5) 309 (1.0) 277 (1.1) 292 (1.6) 304 (1.3) 323 (0.9) 347 (2.8) 100 (†) 98 (0.3) 63 (1.6) 8 (0.7)

Black ............................ 16 (0.3) 289 (2.8) 264 (2.2) 278 (4.0) 285 (3.5) 302 (3.2) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 92 (2.2) 33 (4.5) 2 (1.0)

Hispanic ....................... 7 (0.4) 284 (2.9) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 306 (3.3) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 86 (4.2) 30 (3.1) 2 (0.8)

Other1........................... 4 (0.5) 312 (5.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 321 (3.8) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 98 (‡) 62 (7.0) 16 (4.3)

1994

All students ............ 100 (†) 306 (1.0) 272 (1.2) 288 (1.4) 297 (1.7) 316 (1.0) 340 (2.2) 100 (†) 97 (0.5) 59 (1.4) 7 (0.8)

Sex

Male ............................. 49 (1.3) 309 (1.4) 274 (1.8) 289 (1.6) 301 (2.1) 320 (1.5) 343 (2.6) 100 (†) 97 (0.6) 60 (2.1) 9 (1.0)

Female......................... 51 (1.3) 304 (1.1) 268 (1.9) 286 (1.9) 293 (1.8) 313 (1.1) 337 (2.8) 100 (†) 96 (0.6) 57 (1.4) 6 (0.9)

Race/ethnicity

White............................ 73 (0.5) 312 (1.1) 275 (1.4) 292 (1.7) 301 (1.5) 320 (1.0) 344 (2.0) 100 (†) 98 (0.4) 67 (1.4) 9 (1.1)

Black ............................ 15 (0.3) 286 (1.8) ‡ (†) 275 (3.3) 283 (3.8) 297 (2.5) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 91 (1.8) 30 (3.4) # (†)

Hispanic ....................... 9 (0.3) 291 (3.7) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 304 (4.1) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 92 (3.6) 38 (5.5) 1 (—)

Other1........................... 3 (0.3) 313 (4.5) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 323 (3.5) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 97 (‡) 66 (6.6) 12 (3.6)

1996

All students ............ 100 (†) 307 (1.2) 269 (1.9) 283 (1.3) 298 (1.3) 316 (1.3) 339 (1.7) 100 (†) 97 (0.4) 60 (1.7) 7 (0.8)

Sex

Male ............................. 50 (1.2) 310 (1.3) 272 (2.5) 286 (1.5) 302 (1.7) 320 (1.7) 342 (2.3) 100 (†) 97 (0.7) 63 (1.8) 9 (1.3)

Female......................... 50 (1.2) 305 (1.4) 265 (2.2) 278 (2.2) 294 (1.5) 313 (1.4) 335 (2.2) 100 (†) 97 (0.6) 58 (2.2) 5 (0.8)

Race/ethnicity

White............................ 71 (0.6) 313 (1.4) 273 (2.3) 287 (2.0) 304 (1.6) 320 (1.4) 342 (1.9) 100 (†) 99 (0.4) 69 (2.2) 9 (1.0)

Black ............................ 15 (0.3) 286 (1.7) ‡ (†) 272 (2.4) 280 (3.0) 299 (2.2) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 91 (1.3) 31 (2.5) 1 (—)

Hispanic ....................... 9 (0.7) 292 (2.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 306 (2.8) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 92 (2.2) 40 (3.5) 2 (—)

Other1........................... 4 (0.7) 312 (5.7) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 97 (1.2) 64 (7.2) 14 (5.0)

1999

All students ............ 100 (†) 308 (1.0) 278 (2.8) 285 (1.7) 298 (1.2) 315 (0.8) 341 (1.4) 100 (†) 97 (0.5) 61 (1.6) 8 (0.8)

Sex

Male ............................. 48 (1.0) 310 (1.4) 281 (3.2) 288 (2.6) 301 (1.8) 317 (1.3) 343 (1.9) 100 (†) 96 (0.8) 63 (2.1) 10 (1.1)

Female......................... 52 (1.0) 307 (1.0) 274 (3.2) 282 (2.5) 295 (1.3) 314 (1.1) 340 (2.0) 100 (†) 97 (0.4) 58 (1.9) 7 (1.1)

Race/ethnicity

White............................ 72 (0.5) 315 (1.1) 282 (3.4) 290 (2.2) 303 (1.5) 320 (0.9) 343 (1.5) 100 (†) 99 (0.4) 70 (2.0) 10 (1.1)

Black ............................ 15 (0.4) 283 (1.5) ‡ (†) 267 (2.9) 281 (2.5) 293 (1.4) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 89 (2.0) 27 (2.7) 1 (—)

Hispanic ....................... 10 (0.5) 293 (2.5) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 308 (3.0) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 94 (2.2) 38 (4.1) 3 (1.1)

Other1........................... 4 (0.2) 320 (4.0) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 320 (4.4) ‡ (†) 100 (†) 100 (†) 76 (6.3) 14 (4.1)

2008

All students ............ 100 (†) 306 (0.6) 270 (1.9) 280 (1.1) 295 (0.8) 307 (0.7) 333 (0.8) — (†) 96 (0.4) 59 (0.9) 6 (0.4)

Sex — (†)

Male ............................. 50 (0.5) 309 (0.7) 273 (2.9) 283 (1.5) 300 (0.8) 310 (0.8) 336 (1.1) — (†) 96 (0.5) 63 (1.0) 8 (0.6)

Female......................... 50 (0.5) 303 (0.8) 267 (2.8) 276 (1.6) 289 (1.0) 303 (0.8) 331 (0.9) — (†) 96 (0.4) 56 (1.3) 5 (0.3)

Race/ethnicity — (†)

White............................ 59 (1.5) 314 (0.7) 275 (2.3) 287 (1.3) 301 (0.9) 314 (0.8) 337 (0.8) — (†) 98 (0.3) 71 (1.1) 8 (0.5)

Black ............................ 14 (1.4) 287 (1.2) ‡ (†) 266 (2.6) 282 (1.6) 291 (1.5) 312 (2.6) — (†) 91 (1.4) 32 (1.6) 1 (0.2)

Hispanic ....................... 19 (1.2) 293 (1.1) 261 (3.2) 274 (2.3) 289 (1.3) 296 (1.2) 320 (1.9) — (†) 92 (1.1) 41 (1.7) 1 (0.4)

Other1........................... 7 (0.5) 316 (1.8) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 297 (2.8) 311 (1.9) 340 (2.2) — (†) 98 (0.7) 71 (2.2) 13 (1.8)
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 211

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable. 

1Scale ranges from 0 to 500. 

2Basic denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at the 4th-grade level.

3Proficient represents solid academic performance for 4th-graders. Students reaching this level

have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.

4Advanced signifies superior performance. 

5Did not meet one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 2000. Data are subject to

appreciable nonresponse bias.

6Prior to 2005, NAEP divided the Department of Defense (DoD) schools into two jurisdictions,

domestic and overseas. In 2005, NAEP began combining the DoD domestic and overseas

schools into a single jurisdiction. Data shown in this table for years prior to 2005 were recalculated

for comparability.

7Because of modifications to the 2005 Puerto Rico administration, results from 2003 should not

be compared to results from 2005. Although parallel changes were not made in the nation in

2005, within-year comparisons between Puerto Rico and the nation are valid.

NOTE: With the exception of 1992, includes students for whom accommodations were permitted.

Excludes students unable to be tested (even with accommodations) due to limited proficiency in

English or due to a disability. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1992, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 Mathematics Assessments, retrieved November 19, 2009, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://

nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata). (This table was prepared November 2009.)

Table 143. Average mathematics scale score of 4th-grade public school students and percentages attaining mathematics achievement levels 

and having 5 or more hours of mathematics instruction per week, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1992 through 2009

State or jurisdiction

Average scale score1 Percent of students, 2009

1992 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009

Attaining mathematics achievement levels Having 5 or

more hours

of math

instruction

Below Basic each week

At or above

Basic2

At or above

Proficient 3 At Advanced4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12

United States .......... 219 (0.8) 224 (1.0) 234 (0.2) 237 (0.2) 239 (0.2) 239 (0.2) 19 (0.3) 81 (0.3) 38 (0.3) 6 (0.2) 88 (0.4)

Alabama .......................... 208 (1.6) 217 (1.2) 223 (1.2) 225 (0.9) 229 (1.3) 228 (1.1) 30 (1.5) 70 (1.5) 24 (1.5) 2 (0.5) 91 (2.1) Alaska.............................. — (†) — (†) 233 (0.8) 236 (1.0) 237 (1.0) 237 (0.9) 22 (1.1) 78 (1.1) 38 (1.3) 6 (0.8) 88 (2.2) Arizona ............................ 215 (1.1) 219 (1.3) 229 (1.1) 230 (1.1) 232 (1.0) 230 (1.1) 29 (1.4) 71 (1.4) 28 (1.6) 4 (0.6) 84 (2.1) Arkansas.......................... 210 (0.9) 216 (1.1) 229 (0.9) 236 (0.9) 238 (1.1) 238 (0.9) 20 (1.0) 80 (1.0) 36 (1.4) 5 (0.5) 92 (1.7) California5 ........................ 208 (1.6) 213 (1.6) 227 (0.9) 230 (0.6) 230 (0.7) 232 (1.2) 28 (1.4) 72 (1.4) 30 (1.6) 5 (0.7) 89 (1.6)

Colorado .......................... 221 (1.0) — (†) 235 (1.0) 239 (1.1) 240 (1.0) 243 (1.0) 16 (1.2) 84 (1.2) 45 (1.6) 8 (0.9) 89 (1.6) Connecticut...................... 227 (1.1) 234 (1.1) 241 (0.8) 242 (0.8) 243 (1.1) 245 (1.0) 14 (1.1) 86 (1.1) 46 (1.6) 8 (0.8) 92 (1.6) Delaware.......................... 218 (0.8) — (†) 236 (0.5) 240 (0.5) 242 (0.4) 239 (0.5) 16 (0.9) 84 (0.9) 36 (1.1) 5 (0.5) 86 (0.4) District of Columbia ......... 193 (0.5) 192 (1.1) 205 (0.7) 211 (0.8) 214 (0.8) 219 (0.7) 44 (1.3) 56 (1.3) 17 (0.8) 3 (0.4) 93 (0.5) Florida.............................. 214 (1.5) — (†) 234 (1.1) 239 (0.7) 242 (0.8) 242 (1.0) 14 (1.2) 86 (1.2) 40 (1.5) 5 (0.8) 88 (1.7)

Georgia............................ 216 (1.2) 219 (1.1) 230 (1.0) 234 (1.0) 235 (0.8) 236 (0.9) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 34 (1.5) 5 (0.6) 91 (1.6) Hawaii.............................. 214 (1.3) 216 (1.0) 227 (1.0) 230 (0.8) 234 (0.8) 236 (1.1) 23 (1.4) 77 (1.4) 37 (1.5) 5 (0.6) 92 (1.5) Idaho5 .............................. 222 (1.0) 224 (1.4) 235 (0.7) 242 (0.7) 241 (0.7) 241 (0.8) 15 (1.0) 85 (1.0) 41 (1.4) 5 (0.4) 89 (1.9) Illinois5 ............................. — (†) 223 (1.9) 233 (1.1) 233 (1.0) 237 (1.1) 238 (1.0) 20 (1.2) 80 (1.2) 38 (1.5) 7 (0.7) 83 (2.2) Indiana5............................ 221 (1.0) 233 (1.1) 238 (0.9) 240 (0.9) 245 (0.8) 243 (0.9) 13 (1.0) 87 (1.0) 42 (1.4) 5 (0.9) 83 (2.5)

Iowa5 ................................ 230 (1.0) 231 (1.2) 238 (0.7) 240 (0.7) 243 (0.8) 243 (0.8) 13 (0.8) 87 (0.8) 41 (1.8) 5 (0.5) 76 (2.7) Kansas5 ........................... — (†) 232 (1.6) 242 (1.0) 246 (1.0) 248 (0.9) 245 (1.0) 11 (1.1) 89 (1.1) 46 (1.9) 6 (0.7) 93 (1.6) Kentucky .......................... 215 (1.0) 219 (1.4) 229 (1.1) 232 (0.9) 235 (0.9) 239 (1.1) 19 (1.0) 81 (1.0) 37 (1.7) 6 (0.8) 85 (2.3) Louisiana ......................... 204 (1.5) 218 (1.4) 226 (1.0) 230 (0.9) 230 (1.0) 229 (1.0) 28 (1.3) 72 (1.3) 23 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 91 (1.9) Maine5

.............................. 232 (1.0) 230 (1.0) 238 (0.7) 241 (0.8) 242 (0.8) 244 (0.8) 13 (0.8) 87 (0.8) 45 (1.4) 7 (0.7) 89 (1.9)

Maryland.......................... 217 (1.3) 222 (1.2) 233 (1.3) 238 (1.0) 240 (0.9) 244 (0.9) 15 (1.0) 85 (1.0) 44 (1.5) 9 (0.8) 96 (1.2) Massachusetts................. 227 (1.2) 233 (1.2) 242 (0.8) 247 (0.8) 252 (0.8) 252 (0.9) 8 (0.8) 92 (0.8) 57 (1.4) 12 (1.0) 96 (1.3) Michigan5 ......................... 220 (1.7) 229 (1.6) 236 (0.9) 238 (1.2) 238 (1.3) 236 (1.0) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 35 (1.3) 5 (0.7) 83 (2.6) Minnesota5....................... 228 (0.9) 234 (1.3) 242 (0.9) 246 (1.0) 247 (1.0) 249 (1.1) 11 (1.0) 89 (1.0) 54 (1.8) 11 (1.0) 91 (1.6) Mississippi ....................... 202 (1.1) 211 (1.1) 223 (1.0) 227 (0.9) 228 (1.0) 227 (1.0) 31 (1.3) 69 (1.3) 22 (1.4) 2 (0.3) 92 (1.7)

Missouri ........................... 222 (1.2) 228 (1.2) 235 (0.9) 235 (0.9) 239 (0.9) 241 (1.2) 17 (1.2) 83 (1.2) 41 (1.8) 6 (0.7) 88 (2.3) Montana5 ......................... — (†) 228 (1.7) 236 (0.8) 241 (0.8) 244 (0.8) 244 (0.7) 12 (0.9) 88 (0.9) 45 (1.3) 6 (0.5) 91 (1.4) Nebraska ......................... 225 (1.2) 225 (1.8) 236 (0.8) 238 (0.9) 238 (1.1) 239 (1.0) 18 (1.3) 82 (1.3) 38 (1.5) 4 (0.5) 84 (2.6) Nevada ............................ — (†) 220 (1.0) 228 (0.8) 230 (0.8) 232 (0.9) 235 (0.9) 21 (1.1) 79 (1.1) 32 (1.4) 3 (0.4) 95 (1.3) New Hampshire ............... 230 (1.2) — (†) 243 (0.9) 246 (0.9) 249 (0.8) 251 (0.8) 8 (0.8) 92 (0.8) 56 (1.7) 10 (0.7) 89 (1.5)

New Jersey ...................... 227 (1.5) — (†) 239 (1.1) 244 (1.1) 249 (1.1) 247 (1.0) 12 (1.1) 88 (1.1) 49 (1.5) 9 (0.8) 88 (2.0) New Mexico ..................... 213 (1.4) 213 (1.5) 223 (1.1) 224 (0.8) 228 (0.9) 230 (1.0) 28 (1.6) 72 (1.6) 26 (1.4) 3 (0.5) 91 (1.4) New York5 ........................ 218 (1.2) 225 (1.4) 236 (0.9) 238 (0.9) 243 (0.8) 241 (0.7) 17 (0.8) 83 (0.8) 40 (1.3) 5 (0.7) 78 (2.5) North Carolina ................. 213 (1.1) 230 (1.1) 242 (0.8) 241 (0.9) 242 (0.8) 244 (0.8) 13 (1.0) 87 (1.0) 43 (1.4) 8 (0.8) 91 (1.6) North Dakota ................... 229 (0.8) 230 (1.2) 238 (0.7) 243 (0.5) 245 (0.5) 245 (0.6) 9 (0.6) 91 (0.6) 45 (1.3) 5 (0.7) 78 (0.5)

Ohio5................................ 219 (1.2) 230 (1.5) 238 (1.0) 242 (1.0) 245 (1.0) 244 (1.1) 15 (1.0) 85 (1.0) 45 (1.9) 8 (0.8) 81 (3.4) Oklahoma ........................ 220 (1.0) 224 (1.0) 229 (1.0) 234 (1.0) 237 (0.8) 237 (0.9) 18 (1.2) 82 (1.2) 33 (1.6) 3 (0.4) 86 (2.2) Oregon5 ........................... — (†) 224 (1.8) 236 (0.9) 238 (0.8) 236 (1.0) 238 (0.9) 20 (1.0) 80 (1.0) 37 (1.5) 5 (0.6) 79 (2.5) Pennsylvania.................... 224 (1.3) — (†) 236 (1.1) 241 (1.2) 244 (0.8) 244 (1.1) 16 (1.0) 84 (1.0) 46 (1.8) 8 (0.8) 90 (2.1) Rhode Island ................... 215 (1.5) 224 (1.1) 230 (1.0) 233 (0.9) 236 (0.9) 239 (0.8) 19 (1.0) 81 (1.0) 39 (1.3) 5 (0.6) 93 (1.2)

South Carolina................. 212 (1.1) 220 (1.4) 236 (0.9) 238 (0.9) 237 (0.8) 236 (0.9) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 34 (1.3) 5 (0.6) 87 (2.0) South Dakota................... — (†) — (†) 237 (0.7) 242 (0.5) 241 (0.7) 242 (0.5) 14 (0.9) 86 (0.9) 42 (1.1) 5 (0.5) 86 (0.5) Tennessee ....................... 211 (1.4) 220 (1.4) 228 (1.0) 232 (1.2) 233 (0.9) 232 (1.1) 26 (1.4) 74 (1.4) 28 (1.5) 3 (0.5) 88 (2.5) Texas ............................... 218 (1.2) 231 (1.1) 237 (0.9) 242 (0.6) 242 (0.7) 240 (0.7) 15 (0.9) 85 (0.9) 38 (1.4) 4 (0.5) 92 (1.8) Utah ................................. 224 (1.0) 227 (1.3) 235 (0.8) 239 (0.8) 239 (0.9) 240 (1.0) 19 (1.0) 81 (1.0) 41 (1.4) 6 (0.7) 87 (1.8)

Vermont5 .......................... — (†) 232 (1.6) 242 (0.8) 244 (0.5) 246 (0.5) 248 (0.4) 11 (0.8) 89 (0.8) 51 (1.0) 9 (0.7) 91 (0.3) Virginia............................. 221 (1.3) 230 (1.0) 239 (1.1) 241 (0.9) 244 (0.9) 243 (1.0) 15 (1.2) 85 (1.2) 43 (1.6) 7 (0.8) 91 (1.7) Washington...................... — (†) — (†) 238 (1.0) 242 (0.9) 243 (1.0) 242 (0.8) 16 (1.0) 84 (1.0) 43 (1.2) 7 (1.0) 93 (1.5) West Virginia.................... 215 (1.1) 223 (1.3) 231 (0.8) 231 (0.7) 236 (0.9) 233 (0.8) 23 (1.3) 77 (1.3) 28 (1.2) 2 (0.3) 97 (0.9) Wisconsin5 ....................... 229 (1.1) — (†) 237 (0.9) 241 (0.9) 244 (0.9) 244 (0.9) 15 (1.0) 85 (1.0) 45 (1.6) 8 (0.8) 88 (1.9) Wyoming.......................... 225 (0.9) 229 (1.1) 241 (0.6) 243 (0.6) 244 (0.5) 242 (0.6) 13 (0.9) 87 (0.9) 40 (1.2) 4 (0.5) 91 (0.5)

Department of Defense 

dependents schools6 . — (†) 227 (0.6) 237 (0.4) 239 (0.5) 240 (0.4) 240 (0.5) 14 (0.8) 86 (0.8) 38 (1.1) 4 (0.5) 86 (0.4)

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ......... — (†) 152 (2.5) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Guam ........................... 193 (0.8) 184 (1.7) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Puerto Rico7................. — (†) — (†) 179 (1.0) 183 (0.9) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) U.S. Virgin Islands........ — (†) 181 (1.8) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 144. Average mathematics scale score of 8th-grade public school students and percentage attaining mathematics achievement levels, by level of parental 

Selected years, 1990 through 2009

State or jurisdiction

Average scale score1 Percent attaining mathematics achievement levels, 2009

A

of 

1990 1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 Below Basic

At or above

Basic 3

At or above

Proficient 4 At Advanced5

Did not finish

high schoo

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

United States ............ 262 (1.4) 271 (1.2) 272 (0.9) 276 (0.3) 278 (0.2) 280 (0.3) 282 (0.3) 29 (0.3) 71 (0.3) 33 (0.3) 7 (0.1) 265 (0.6

Alabama ............................ 253 (1.1) 257 (2.1) 264 (1.8) 262 (1.5) 262 (1.5) 266 (1.5) 269 (1.2) 42 (1.5) 58 (1.5) 20 (1.3) 4 (0.5) 255 (2.3

Alaska................................ — (†) 278 (1.8) — (†) 279 (0.9) 279 (0.8) 283 (1.1) 283 (1.0) 25 (1.5) 75 (1.5) 33 (1.3) 6 (0.6) ‡ (†Arizona6 ............................. 260 (1.3) 268 (1.6) 269 (1.8) 271 (1.2) 274 (1.1) 276 (1.2) 277 (1.4) 33 (1.5) 67 (1.5) 29 (1.6) 6 (0.8) 263 (2.7

Arkansas............................ 256 (0.9) 262 (1.5) 257 (1.5) 266 (1.2) 272 (1.2) 274 (1.1) 276 (1.1) 33 (1.5) 67 (1.5) 27 (1.2) 4 (0.5) 264 (2.4California6 .......................... 256 (1.3) 263 (1.9) 260 (2.1) 267 (1.2) 269 (0.7) 270 (0.8) 270 (1.3) 41 (1.5) 59 (1.5) 23 (1.4) 5 (0.7) 258 (2.0

Colorado ............................ 267 (0.9) 276 (1.1) — (†) 283 (1.1) 281 (1.2) 286 (0.9) 287 (1.4) 24 (1.5) 76 (1.5) 40 (1.4) 10 (0.8) 265 (2.8Connecticut........................ 270 (1.0) 280 (1.1) 281 (1.3) 284 (1.2) 281 (1.4) 282 (1.5) 289 (1.0) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 40 (1.4) 10 (0.7) 263 (2.5Delaware............................ 261 (0.9) 267 (0.9) — (†) 277 (0.7) 281 (0.6) 283 (0.6) 284 (0.5) 25 (0.8) 75 (0.8) 32 (0.8) 6 (0.6) 276 (2.4

District of Columbia ........... 231 (0.9) 233 (1.3) 235 (1.1) 243 (0.8) 245 (0.9) 248 (0.9) 254 (0.9) 60 (1.4) 40 (1.4) 11 (0.8) 2 (0.4) 249 (3.3Florida................................ 255 (1.2) 264 (1.8) — (†) 271 (1.5) 274 (1.1) 277 (1.3) 279 (1.1) 30 (1.1) 70 (1.1) 29 (1.4) 6 (0.6) 266 (2.2

Georgia.............................. 259 (1.3) 262 (1.6) 265 (1.2) 270 (1.2) 272 (1.1) 275 (1.0) 278 (0.9) 33 (1.2) 67 (1.2) 27 (1.2) 5 (0.5) 261 (2.2Hawaii................................ 251 (0.8) 262 (1.0) 262 (1.4) 266 (0.8) 266 (0.7) 269 (0.8) 274 (0.7) 35 (1.0) 65 (1.0) 25 (1.0) 4 (0.6) 258 (3.4

Idaho6 ................................ 271 (0.8) — (†) 277 (1.0) 280 (0.9) 281 (0.9) 284 (0.9) 287 (0.8) 22 (1.0) 78 (1.0) 38 (0.9) 8 (0.5) 267 (2.9

Illinois6 ............................... 261 (1.7) — (†) 275 (1.7) 277 (1.2) 278 (1.1) 280 (1.1) 282 (1.2) 27 (1.4) 73 (1.4) 33 (1.5) 7 (0.7) 266 (2.1

Indiana6.............................. 267 (1.2) 276 (1.4) 281 (1.4) 281 (1.1) 282 (1.0) 285 (1.1) 287 (0.9) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 36 (1.1) 7 (0.6) 275 (4.2

Iowa ................................... 278 (1.1) 284 (1.3) — (†) 284 (0.8) 284 (0.9) 285 (0.9) 284 (1.0) 24 (1.0) 76 (1.0) 34 (1.4) 7 (0.9) 264 (3.0

Kansas6 ............................. — (†) — (†) 283 (1.7) 284 (1.3) 284 (1.0) 290 (1.1) 289 (1.0) 21 (1.3) 79 (1.3) 39 (1.4) 8 (0.8) 272 (2.5

Kentucky ............................ 257 (1.2) 267 (1.1) 270 (1.3) 274 (1.2) 274 (1.2) 279 (1.1) 279 (1.1) 30 (1.2) 70 (1.2) 27 (1.4) 5 (0.6) 262 (2.2Louisiana ........................... 246 (1.2) 252 (1.6) 259 (1.5) 266 (1.5) 268 (1.4) 272 (1.1) 272 (1.6) 38 (1.6) 62 (1.6) 20 (1.8) 4 (1.1) 265 (2.3

Maine6................................ — (†) 284 (1.3) 281 (1.1) 282 (0.9) 281 (0.8) 286 (0.8) 286 (0.7) 22 (1.1) 78 (1.1) 35 (1.1) 8 (0.6) 268 (3.1

Maryland............................ 261 (1.4) 270 (2.1) 272 (1.7) 278 (1.0) 278 (1.1) 286 (1.2) 288 (1.1) 25 (1.2) 75 (1.2) 40 (1.6) 12 (0.9) 271 (2.8Massachusetts................... — (†) 278 (1.7) 279 (1.5) 287 (0.9) 292 (0.9) 298 (1.3) 299 (1.3) 15 (1.2) 85 (1.2) 52 (1.6) 17 (1.3) 275 (3.6Michigan6 ........................... 264 (1.2) 277 (1.8) 277 (1.9) 276 (2.0) 277 (1.5) 277 (1.4) 278 (1.6) 32 (1.8) 68 (1.8) 31 (1.6) 7 (0.8) 253 (3.6

Minnesota .......................... 275 (0.9) 284 (1.3) 287 (1.4) 291 (1.1) 290 (1.2) 292 (1.0) 294 (1.0) 17 (1.0) 83 (1.0) 47 (1.3) 13 (1.0) 265 (3.4Mississippi ......................... — (†) 250 (1.2) 254 (1.1) 261 (1.1) 263 (1.2) 265 (0.8) 265 (1.2) 46 (1.8) 54 (1.8) 15 (1.0) 2 (0.4) 252 (2.5

Missouri ............................. — (†) 273 (1.4) 271 (1.5) 279 (1.1) 276 (1.3) 281 (1.0) 286 (1.0) 23 (1.3) 77 (1.3) 35 (1.2) 7 (0.6) 269 (2.9Montana6 ........................... 280 (0.9) 283 (1.3) 285 (1.4) 286 (0.8) 286 (0.7) 287 (0.7) 292 (0.9) 18 (0.9) 82 (0.9) 44 (1.2) 10 (0.9) 268 (4.3

Nebraska ........................... 276 (1.0) 283 (1.0) 280 (1.2) 282 (0.9) 284 (1.0) 284 (1.0) 284 (1.1) 25 (1.3) 75 (1.3) 35 (1.3) 8 (0.7) 265 (2.6

Nevada .............................. — (†) — (†) 265 (0.8) 268 (0.8) 270 (0.8) 271 (0.8) 274 (0.7) 37 (1.4) 63 (1.4) 25 (0.9) 5 (0.5) 260 (1.7

New Hampshire ................. 273 (0.9) — (†) — (†) 286 (0.8) 285 (0.8) 288 (0.7) 292 (0.9) 18 (1.3) 82 (1.3) 43 (1.3) 11 (0.7) 275 (3.5

New Jersey ........................ 270 (1.1) — (†) — (†) 281 (1.1) 284 (1.4) 289 (1.2) 293 (1.4) 20 (1.4) 80 (1.4) 44 (1.7) 14 (0.9) 270 (3.3New Mexico ....................... 256 (0.7) 262 (1.2) 259 (1.3) 263 (1.0) 263 (0.9) 268 (0.9) 270 (1.1) 41 (1.3) 59 (1.3) 20 (1.4) 3 (0.4) 260 (1.9New York6 .......................... 261 (1.4) 270 (1.7) 271 (2.2) 280 (1.1) 280 (0.9) 280 (1.2) 283 (1.2) 27 (1.4) 73 (1.4) 34 (1.3) 8 (0.7) 268 (2.8

North Carolina ................... 250 (1.1) 268 (1.4) 276 (1.3) 281 (1.0) 282 (0.9) 284 (1.1) 284 (1.3) 26 (1.3) 74 (1.3) 36 (1.5) 9 (0.8) 267 (2.3North Dakota ..................... 281 (1.2) 284 (0.9) 282 (1.1) 287 (0.8) 287 (0.6) 292 (0.7) 293 (0.7) 14 (0.8) 86 (0.8) 43 (1.1) 7 (0.9) 275 (5.2

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Scale ranges from 0 to 500.2Excludes students who responded “I don’t know” to the question about educational level of parents.3Basic denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at the 8th-grade level.4Proficient represents solid academic performance for 8th-graders. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency

over challenging subject matter.

5Advanced signifies superior performance.6Did not meet one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 2000. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.

7Prior to 2005, NAEP divided the Department of Defense (DoD) schools into twNAEP began combining the DoD domestic and overseas schools into a single jur2005 were recalculated for comparability.8Because of modifications to the 2005 Puerto Rico administration, results from 2005. Although parallel changes were not made in the nation in 2005, within-ynation are valid.NOTE: Excludes persons not enrolled in school and those who were unable to be to a disability. Data for 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 include students for whnot sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistic(NAEP), 1990, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 Mathematics AssessmeNAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata). (This tab

Ohio ................................... 264 (1.0) — (†) 281 (1.6) 282 (1.3) 283 (1.1) 285 (1.2) 286 (1.0) 24 (1.4) 76 (1.4) 36 (1.3) 8 (0.6) 270 (2.5

Oklahoma .......................... 263 (1.3) — (†) 270 (1.3) 272 (1.1) 271 (1.0) 275 (0.9) 276 (1.0) 32 (1.3) 68 (1.3) 24 (1.3) 3 (0.6) 259 (2.7Oregon6 ............................. 271 (1.0) 276 (1.5) 280 (1.5) 281 (1.3) 282 (1.0) 284 (1.1) 285 (1.0) 25 (1.0) 75 (1.0) 37 (1.3) 8 (0.9) 268 (1.8

Pennsylvania...................... 266 (1.6) — (†) — (†) 279 (1.1) 281 (1.5) 286 (1.1) 288 (1.3) 22 (1.1) 78 (1.1) 40 (1.8) 10 (1.0) 268 (3.3Rhode Island ..................... 260 (0.6) 269 (0.9) 269 (1.3) 272 (0.7) 272 (0.8) 275 (0.7) 278 (0.8) 32 (1.3) 68 (1.3) 28 (1.0) 6 (0.6) 257 (2.8

South Carolina................... — (†) 261 (1.5) 265 (1.5) 277 (1.3) 281 (0.9) 282 (1.0) 280 (1.3) 31 (1.6) 69 (1.6) 30 (1.3) 7 (0.7) 266 (2.5South Dakota..................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 285 (0.8) 287 (0.6) 288 (0.8) 291 (0.5) 17 (0.7) 83 (0.7) 42 (1.1) 7 (0.5) 271 (2.8Tennessee ......................... — (†) 263 (1.4) 262 (1.5) 268 (1.8) 271 (1.1) 274 (1.1) 275 (1.4) 35 (1.7) 65 (1.7) 25 (1.5) 4 (0.6) 264 (2.1Texas ................................. 258 (1.4) 270 (1.4) 273 (1.6) 277 (1.1) 281 (0.6) 286 (1.0) 287 (1.3) 22 (1.5) 78 (1.5) 36 (1.5) 8 (0.9) 273 (1.8

Utah ................................... — (†) 277 (1.0) 274 (1.2) 281 (1.0) 279 (0.7) 281 (0.9) 284 (0.9) 25 (1.0) 75 (1.0) 35 (1.2) 7 (0.8) 258 (3.2

Vermont6 ............................ — (†) 279 (1.0) 281 (1.5) 286 (0.8) 287 (0.8) 291 (0.7) 293 (0.6) 19 (0.8) 81 (0.8) 43 (0.9) 13 (0.8) 271 (3.4

Virginia............................... 264 (1.5) 270 (1.6) 275 (1.3) 282 (1.3) 284 (1.1) 288 (1.1) 286 (1.1) 24 (1.2) 76 (1.2) 36 (1.4) 8 (0.8) 269 (2.9

Washington........................ — (†) 276 (1.3) — (†) 281 (0.9) 285 (1.0) 285 (1.0) 289 (1.0) 22 (1.1) 78 (1.1) 39 (1.2) 11 (0.8) 262 (2.1West Virginia...................... 256 (1.0) 265 (1.0) 266 (1.2) 271 (1.2) 269 (1.0) 270 (1.0) 270 (1.0) 39 (1.3) 61 (1.3) 19 (0.9) 2 (0.4) 253 (3.1

Wisconsin .......................... 274 (1.3) 283 (1.5) — (†) 284 (1.3) 285 (1.2) 286 (1.1) 288 (0.9) 21 (1.0) 79 (1.0) 39 (1.2) 8 (0.8) 262 (3.0

Wyoming............................ 272 (0.7) 275 (0.9) 276 (1.0) 284 (0.7) 282 (0.8) 287 (0.7) 286 (0.6) 22 (1.2) 78 (1.2) 35 (1.1) 7 (0.6) 270 (3.4

Department of Defense 

dependents schools7 ... — (†) 274 (0.9) 277 (1.1) 285 (0.7) 284 (0.7) 285 (0.8) 287 (0.9) 21 (1.0) 79 (1.0) 36 (1.4) 6 (0.8) ‡ (†

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... — (†) — (†) 192 (5.5) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†Guam ............................. 232 (0.7) 239 (1.7) 234 (2.6) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†Puerto Rico8................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 212 (1.0) 218 (1.0) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 219 (0.9) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†

Table 144. Average mathematics scale score of 8th-grade public school students and percentage attaining mathematics achievement levels, by level of parental 

Selected years, 1990 through 2009—Continued

State or jurisdiction

Average scale score1 Percent attaining mathematics achievement levels, 2009

A

of 

1990 1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 Below Basic

At or above

Basic 3

At or above

Proficient 4 At Advanced5

Did not finish

high schoo

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
214 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Scale ranges from 0 to 500. 

2Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at a given grade.

3Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.

NOTE: Beginning in 2009, if the results for charter schools are not included in a school district’s Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) report to the U.S. Department of Education under

the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, they are excluded from that district’s results.

This change had little or no impact on differences between any participating district’s 2007

and 2009 average mathematics scores except those of the District of Columbia at grade 8.

For details, see the Technical Notes in The Nation’s Report Card: Mathematics 2009 Trial

Urban District Assessment (NCES 2010-452). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals include racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. Standard errors

appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2007 and 2009 Mathematics Assessments,

retrieved April 14 and 26, and June 7, 2010, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://

nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/). (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 145. Average mathematics scale scores of 4th- and 8th-grade public school students and percentage at or above selected mathematics 

achievement levels, by race/ethnicity and jurisdiction or specific urban district: 2007 and 2009

Grade level and jurisdiction 

or specific urban district

Average mathematics scale score1 Percent of students

2007 2009 2009

All students White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander All students White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

At or above

Basic 2

At or above

Proficient 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

4th grade

United States ..................... 239 (0.2) 248 (0.2) 222 (0.3) 227 (0.3) 254 (0.8) 239 (0.2) 248 (0.2) 222 (0.3) 227 (0.4) 255 (1.0) 81 (0.3) 38 (0.3)

Large city ........................... 230 (0.5) 249 (0.8) 219 (0.7) 224 (0.6) 251 (2.5) 231 (0.5) 250 (1.0) 219 (0.6) 226 (0.5) 253 (2.0) 72 (0.5) 29 (0.7)

Atlanta ............................... 224 (0.9) 266 (2.5) 217 (1.1) 223 (4.4) ‡ (†) 225 (0.8) 266 (1.8) 218 (1.0) 222 (3.7) ‡ (†) 63 (1.7) 21 (1.0)

Austin................................. 241 (1.2) 263 (1.0) 226 (1.2) 233 (1.1) 268 (2.8) 240 (1.0) 262 (1.5) 226 (2.7) 233 (1.1) ‡ (†) 83 (1.7) 38 (1.7)

Baltimore City .................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 222 (1.0) 240 (3.5) 220 (1.0) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 64 (1.9) 13 (1.2)

Boston ............................... 233 (1.1) 250 (2.7) 226 (1.4) 230 (1.6) 255 (3.1) 236 (0.7) 251 (2.2) 231 (1.2) 232 (1.1) 260 (3.7) 81 (1.3) 31 (1.7)

Charlotte............................ 244 (1.1) 261 (1.2) 230 (1.3) 234 (2.6) 263 (3.0) 245 (1.3) 263 (1.3) 231 (1.4) 235 (1.8) 257 (4.8) 86 (1.1) 45 (2.0)

Chicago ............................. 220 (1.0) 244 (2.9) 213 (1.6) 219 (1.5) 249 (3.9) 222 (1.2) 242 (3.2) 212 (1.8) 226 (1.3) 255 (4.5) 62 (1.7) 18 (1.4)

Cleveland........................... 215 (1.6) 233 (2.3) 210 (1.5) 215 (5.3) ‡ (†) 213 (1.0) 228 (2.3) 209 (1.3) 217 (2.3) ‡ (†) 51 (2.2) 8 (1.3)

Detroit ................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 200 (1.7) ‡ (†) 199 (1.8) 206 (3.5) ‡ (†) 31 (2.4) 3 (1.0)

District of Columbia ........... 214 (0.8) 262 (2.8) 209 (0.8) 220 (2.4) ‡ (†) 220 (0.8) 270 (2.3) 212 (0.9) 227 (2.8) ‡ (†) 57 (1.5) 19 (0.9)

Fresno................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 219 (1.4) 237 (2.5) 213 (3.1) 216 (1.7) 220 (3.3) 58 (2.1) 14 (1.3)

Houston ............................. 234 (1.1) 263 (2.4) 225 (1.7) 234 (1.2) 265 (3.0) 236 (1.2) 260 (2.5) 227 (1.9) 235 (1.2) 264 (3.2) 82 (1.7) 30 (2.0)

Jefferson County (KY) ....... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 233 (1.6) 243 (1.7) 216 (1.7) 226 (3.5) ‡ (†) 72 (1.8) 31 (2.1)

Los Angeles....................... 221 (0.9) 247 (1.8) 216 (2.3) 217 (1.0) 246 (2.4) 222 (1.2) 245 (3.3) 209 (3.0) 218 (1.1) 248 (2.7) 61 (1.5) 19 (1.8)

Miami-Dade ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 236 (1.3) 253 (2.0) 222 (1.6) 239 (1.1) ‡ (†) 81 (1.7) 33 (1.8)

Milwaukee.......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 220 (1.5) 242 (3.0) 211 (2.0) 226 (1.5) 231 (4.1) 59 (2.3) 15 (1.7)

New York City .................... 236 (1.3) 249 (1.5) 227 (1.6) 230 (1.3) 257 (2.7) 237 (1.0) 254 (1.9) 227 (1.2) 230 (1.2) 258 (2.0) 79 (1.2) 35 (1.9)

Philadelphia ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 222 (1.4) 239 (2.6) 216 (1.7) 221 (2.1) 243 (4.2) 61 (1.9) 16 (1.7)

San Diego.......................... 234 (1.4) 252 (2.5) 222 (3.4) 223 (1.5) 247 (2.0) 236 (1.6) 255 (2.3) 222 (2.8) 224 (1.7) 247 (2.2) 77 (2.0) 36 (2.2)

8th grade

United States ..................... 280 (0.3) 290 (0.2) 259 (0.4) 264 (0.4) 296 (0.9) 282 (0.3) 292 (0.2) 260 (0.4) 266 (0.6) 300 (1.3) 71 (0.3) 33 (0.3)

Large city ........................... 269 (0.7) 292 (1.1) 254 (0.9) 261 (0.9) 291 (2.1) 271 (0.7) 294 (1.1) 256 (0.8) 264 (1.2) 299 (1.8) 60 (0.9) 24 (0.7)

Atlanta ............................... 256 (1.5) ‡ (†) 253 (1.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 259 (1.6) ‡ (†) 255 (1.5) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 46 (2.2) 11 (1.5)

Austin................................. 283 (1.1) 308 (2.0) 265 (2.2) 271 (1.4) ‡ (†) 287 (0.9) 312 (1.8) 274 (3.4) 274 (1.2) ‡ (†) 75 (1.0) 39 (1.2)

Baltimore City .................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 257 (1.9) ‡ (†) 255 (1.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 43 (2.7) 10 (1.9)

Boston ............................... 276 (1.0) 305 (3.0) 263 (1.7) 270 (2.0) 305 (2.7) 279 (1.3) 311 (2.5) 268 (2.0) 269 (1.9) 312 (3.9) 67 (1.8) 31 (1.3)

Charlotte............................ 283 (1.2) 308 (1.6) 267 (1.4) 264 (3.1) 305 (6.0) 283 (0.9) 304 (1.4) 270 (1.4) 272 (2.5) ‡ (†) 72 (1.3) 33 (1.2)

Chicago ............................. 260 (1.9) 287 (3.6) 248 (2.5) 265 (1.9) ‡ (†) 264 (1.4) 289 (3.8) 252 (1.9) 268 (1.6) 301 (3.8) 51 (2.0) 15 (1.3)

Cleveland........................... 257 (1.7) 269 (2.5) 253 (1.8) 258 (4.1) ‡ (†) 256 (1.0) 275 (2.7) 252 (1.1) 250 (5.4) ‡ (†) 42 (1.7) 8 (0.8)

Detroit ................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 238 (2.7) ‡ (†) 237 (2.9) 255 (5.8) ‡ (†) 23 (2.9) 4 (1.4)

District of Columbia ........... 248 (0.9) ‡ (†) 245 (0.9) 251 (3.0) ‡ (†) 251 (1.3) ‡ (†) 244 (1.3) 263 (5.2) ‡ (†) 38 (1.7) 12 (1.1)

Fresno................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 258 (1.2) 282 (3.8) 246 (3.6) 253 (1.4) 266 (2.9) 46 (1.4) 15 (1.3)

Houston ............................. 273 (1.2) 308 (3.6) 265 (1.5) 270 (1.1) 310 (8.9) 277 (1.2) 311 (2.8) 266 (1.9) 275 (1.0) ‡ (†) 69 (1.2) 24 (2.0)

Jefferson County (KY) ....... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 271 (0.9) 284 (1.1) 252 (1.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 60 (1.2) 22 (1.4)

Los Angeles....................... 257 (1.1) 285 (3.7) 245 (2.4) 253 (1.2) 292 (2.8) 258 (1.0) 287 (3.4) 247 (3.2) 254 (0.9) 291 (3.8) 46 (1.1) 13 (1.1)

Miami-Dade ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 273 (1.1) 291 (2.5) 260 (2.7) 274 (1.2) ‡ (†) 64 (1.2) 22 (1.7)

Milwaukee.......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 251 (1.5) 271 (4.6) 244 (1.6) 256 (3.5) ‡ (†) 37 (2.3) 7 (1.1)

New York City .................... 270 (1.8) 289 (4.0) 258 (2.2) 262 (2.5) 299 (3.7) 273 (1.5) 295 (3.0) 261 (1.9) 261 (2.1) 309 (2.7) 60 (2.0) 26 (1.7)

Philadelphia ....................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 265 (2.0) 284 (3.9) 256 (1.7) 258 (3.1) 295 (5.0) 52 (2.3) 17 (2.2)

San Diego.......................... 272 (1.4) 294 (2.3) 258 (3.2) 259 (2.1) 289 (2.5) 280 (2.0) 301 (2.6) 263 (4.3) 265 (2.0) 292 (3.0) 68 (2.3) 32 (2.2)
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 215

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable. 

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Accommodations were not permitted for this assessment.

2Because of major changes to the framework and content of the grade 12 assessment,

scores from 2005 and 2009 cannot be compared with scores from earlier assessment

years. Therefore, this table does not include scores from the earlier grade 12 assessment

years (1990, 1992, 1996, and 2000). For data pertaining to comparisons between earlier

years, see Digest of Education Statistics 2009, table 138 (http://nces.ed.gov/programs/

digest/d09/tables/dt09_138.asp).

NOTE: For the grade 4 and grade 8 assessments, scale ranges from 0 to 500. For the

grade 12 assessment, scale ranges from 0 to 300. Includes public and private schools.

Excludes persons not enrolled in school and students who were unable to be tested due to

limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard

errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007,

and 2009 Mathematics Assessments, retrieved September 2 and November 23, 2010,

from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/). (This

table was prepared November 2009.)

Table 146. Average mathematics scale scores of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders, by selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 

1990 through 2009

Selected student or school characteristic 19901 19921 1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

4th-graders, all students ...................................................... 213 (0.9) 220 (0.7) 224 (1.0) 226 (0.9) 235 (0.2) 238 (0.1) 240 (0.2) 240 (0.2)

Sex

Male ............................................................................................ 214 (1.2) 221 (0.8) 224 (1.1) 227 (1.0) 236 (0.3) 239 (0.2) 241 (0.2) 241 (0.3)

Female........................................................................................ 213 (1.1) 219 (1.0) 223 (1.1) 224 (0.9) 233 (0.2) 237 (0.2) 239 (0.2) 239 (0.3)

Race/ethnicity

White........................................................................................... 220 (1.0) 227 (0.8) 232 (1.0) 234 (0.8) 243 (0.2) 246 (0.1) 248 (0.2) 248 (0.2)

Black ........................................................................................... 188 (1.8) 193 (1.4) 198 (1.6) 203 (1.2) 216 (0.4) 220 (0.3) 222 (0.3) 222 (0.3)

Hispanic ...................................................................................... 200 (2.2) 202 (1.5) 207 (1.9) 208 (1.5) 222 (0.4) 226 (0.3) 227 (0.3) 227 (0.4) Asian/Pacific Islander.................................................................. 225 (4.1) 231 (2.1) 229 (4.2) ‡ (†) 246 (1.1) 251 (0.7) 253 (0.8) 255 (1.0) American Indian/Alaska Native................................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 217 (5.6) 208 (3.5) 223 (1.0) 226 (0.9) 228 (0.7) 225 (0.9)

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible ........................................................................................ — (†) — (†) 207 (1.3) 208 (0.9) 222 (0.3) 225 (0.2) 227 (0.2) 227 (0.2)

Not eligible .................................................................................. — (†) — (†) 232 (0.8) 235 (1.1) 244 (0.3) 248 (0.2) 249 (0.2) 250 (0.3)

Unknown..................................................................................... — (†) — (†) 231 (2.8) 237 (1.6) 241 (0.7) 244 (0.7) 246 (0.9) 246 (1.1)

Control of school

Public .......................................................................................... 212 (1.1) 219 (0.8) 222 (1.1) 224 (1.0) 234 (0.2) ‡ (†) 239 (0.2) 239 (0.2)

Private......................................................................................... 224 (2.6) 228 (1.1) 235 (1.9) 238 (0.8) 244 (0.7) ‡ (†) 246 (0.8) 246 (0.8)

Amount of math homework assigned per day

None ........................................................................................... — (†) — (†) 227 (5.4) 227 (2.4) 234 (1.0) — (†) 236 (0.9) 236 (0.9)

15 minutes .................................................................................. — (†) — (†) 227 (1.6) 229 (1.2) 237 (0.4) — (†) 242 (0.2) 242 (0.3)

30 minutes ........................................................ ) 223 (1.9) 225 (1.4) 234 (0.4) — (†) 239 (0.3) 239 (0.4)

45 minutes .................................................................................. — (†) — (†) 217 (4.7) 214 (2.7) 229 (1.2) — (†) 233 (0.9) 235 (1.0)

1 hour.......................................................................................... — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) 225 (4.7) 225 (2.2) — (†) 233 (2.5) 228 (3.0)

More than 1 hour ........................................................................ — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 217 (3.0) — (†) 233 (4.4) 222 (5.9)

8th-graders, all students................................................... 263 (1.3) 268 (0.9) 270 (0.9) 273 (0.8) 278 (0.3) 279 (0.2) 281 (0.3) 283 (0.3)

Sex

Male ............................................................................................ 263 (1.6) 268 (1.1) 271 (1.1) 274 (0.9) 278 (0.3) 280 (0.2) 282 (0.3) 284 (0.3)

Female........................................................................................ 262 (1.3) 269 (1.0) 269 (1.1) 272 (0.9) 277 (0.3) 278 (0.2) 280 (0.3) 282 (0.4)

Race/ethnicity

White........................................................................................... 270 (1.3) 277 (1.0) 281 (1.1) 284 (0.8) 288 (0.3) 289 (0.2) 291 (0.3) 293 (0.3)

Black ........................................................................................... 237 (2.7) 237 (1.3) 240 (1.9) 244 (1.2) 252 (0.5) 255 (0.4) 260 (0.4) 261 (0.5)

Hispanic ...................................................................................... 246 (4.3) 249 (1.2) 251 (1.7) 253 (1.3) 259 (0.6) 262 (0.4) 265 (0.4) 266 (0.6) Asian/Pacific Islander.................................................................. 275 (5.0) 290 (5.9) ‡ (†) 288 (3.5) 291 (1.3) 295 (0.9) 297 (0.9) 301 (1.2) American Indian/Alaska Native................................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 259 (7.5) 263 (1.8) 264 (0.9) 264 (1.2) 266 (1.1)

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible ........................................................................................ — (†) — (†) 250 (1.7) 253 (1.1) 259 (0.4) 262 (0.3) 265 (0.3) 266 (0.3)

Not eligible .................................................................................. — (†) — (†) 277 (1.3) 283 (1.1) 287 (0.3) 288 (0.2) 291 (0.3) 294 (0.3)

Unknown..................................................................................... — (†) — (†) 279 (2.3) 276 (1.6) 285 (1.0) 289 (1.2) 291 (1.7) 295 (1.4)

Parents’ highest level of education

Did not finish high school............................................................ 242 (2.0) 249 (1.7) 250 (2.0) 253 (1.4) 257 (0.6) 259 (0.5) 263 (0.5) 265 (0.6) Graduated high school................................................................ 255 (1.6) 257 (1.2) 260 (1.3) 261 (1.0) 267 (0.4) 267 (0.3) 270 (0.4) 270 (0.5) Some education after high school .............................................. 267 (1.6) 271 (1.1) 277 (1.2) 277 (1.1) 280 (0.4) 280 (0.3) 283 (0.4) 284 (0.4) Graduated college ...................................................................... 274 (1.5) 281 (1.2) 281 (1.2) 286 (1.0) 288 (0.3) 290 (0.2) 292 (0.3) 295 (0.3)

Control of school

Public .......................................................................................... ‡ (†) 267 (1.0) 269 (1.0) 272 (0.9) 276 (0.3) ‡ (†) 280 (0.3) 282 (0.3)

Private......................................................................................... ‡ (†) 281 (2.2) 285 (1.8) 286 (1.2) 292 (1.2) ‡ (†) 293 (1.3) 296 (1.2)

Amount of math homework assigned per day

None ........................................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 263 (2.0)

Less than 1 hour ......................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 284 (0.3)

About 1 hour ............................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 284 (0.8)

About 2–3 hours ......................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 274 (3.0)

More than 3 hours....................................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 269 (5.0)

12th-graders, all students................................................. [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 150 (0.6) — (†) 153 (0.7)

Sex

Male ............................................................................................ [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 151 (0.7) — (†) 155 (0.9)

Female........................................................................................ [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 149 (0.7) — (†) 152 (0.7)

Race/ethnicity

White........................................................................................... [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 157 (0.6) — (†) 161 (0.6)

Black ........................................................................................... [ 2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 127 (1.1) — (†) 131 (0.8)

Hispanic ...................................................................................... [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 133 (1.3) — (†) 138 (0.8) Asian/Pacific Islander.................................................................. [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 163 (2.0) — (†) 175 (2.7) American Indian/Alaska Native................................................... [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 134 (4.1) — (†) 144 (2.8)

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible ........................................................................................ [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 132 (1.1) — (†) 137 (0.8)

Not eligible .................................................................................. [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 155 (0.7) — (†) 160 (0.8)

Unknown..................................................................................... [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 162 (1.8) — (†) 159 (2.6)

Parents’ highest level of education

Did not finish high school............................................................ [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 130 (1.5) — (†) 135 (1.0) Graduated high school................................................................ [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 138 (1.1) — (†) 142 (0.7) Some education after high school .............................................. [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 148 (0.8) — (†) 150 (0.7) Graduated college ...................................................................... [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) 161 (0.6) — (†) 164 (0.8)

Control of school

Public .......................................................................................... [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

Private......................................................................................... [2] [2] [2] [2] — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Scale ranges from 0 to 500. NOTE: Includes public and private schools. Includes students for whom accommodations were permitted. Excludes studentsunable to be tested (even with accommodations) due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. Race categories

exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), 2009 Mathematics Assessment, retrieved May 6, 2010, from the 

nationsreportcard/naepdata/). (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 147. Average mathematics scale score of 8th-graders and percentage reporting various attitudes toward mathematics work, by frequency of attitude and s

characteristics: 2009

Student or school characteristic

Math work is engaging and interesting Math work is challenging M

Never or

hardly ever Sometimes Often

Always/

almost always

Never or

hardly ever Sometimes Often

Always/

almost always

Never or

hardly ever So

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Average scale score1

All students .............. 279 (0.4) 284 (0.3) 287 (0.4) 284 (0.6) 293 (0.5) 284 (0.3) 283 (0.4) 274 (0.6) 283 (0.5) 282 

Sex

Male ............................... 281 (0.5) 285 (0.5) 288 (0.5) 285 (0.7) 296 (0.7) 286 (0.4) 283 (0.5) 274 (0.8) 283 (0.7) 283 

Female........................... 278 (0.5) 283 (0.4) 287 (0.5) 283 (0.8) 290 (0.7) 283 (0.4) 282 (0.5) 273 (0.6) 283 (0.6) 281 

Race/ethnicity

White.............................. 286 (0.4) 294 (0.3) 298 (0.5) 298 (0.6) 300 (0.5) 293 (0.3) 293 (0.4) 285 (0.6) 291 (0.5) 292 

Black .............................. 260 (0.9) 261 (0.6) 264 (0.7) 263 (0.9) 273 (1.2) 263 (0.5) 260 (0.7) 253 (1.1) 260 (0.8) 260 Hispanic ......................... 265 (0.9) 266 (0.7) 271 (1.0) 269 (1.0) 276 (1.4) 268 (0.7) 267 (0.9) 260 (1.3) 265 (1.0) 266 Asian/Pacific Islander..... 299 (1.9) 301 (1.5) 304 (1.7) 303 (2.4) 314 (2.3) 303 (1.4) 298 (1.7) 285 (2.7) 299 (2.0) 299 American Indian/

Alaska Native........... 264 (2.5) 266 (2.3) 269 (1.9) 268 (3.0) 283 (3.7) 267 (1.9) 263 (2.2) 260 (3.1) 262 (3.0) 266 

Eligibility for free or 

reduced-price lunch

Eligible ........................... 265 (0.5) 267 (0.5) 270 (0.5) 268 (0.6) 277 (0.7) 269 (0.4) 266 (0.5) 256 (0.7) 264 (0.6) 266 Not eligible ..................... 287 (0.4) 294 (0.4) 299 (0.5) 297 (0.8) 302 (0.5) 294 (0.4) 293 (0.4) 287 (0.6) 292 (0.5) 292 Unknown........................ 288 (1.6) 296 (1.6) 298 (2.3) 303 (2.7) 306 (2.7) 296 (1.4) 295 (1.9) 287 (2.5) 293 (1.9) 294 

Control of school

Public ............................. 279 (0.4) 283 (0.3) 286 (0.4) 282 (0.5) 292 (0.5) 283 (0.3) 281 (0.4) 272 (0.5) 281 (0.4) 280 

Private............................ 289 (1.4) 296 (1.4) 299 (1.9) 302 (2.4) 306 (2.5) 296 (1.3) 295 (1.4) 288 (2.6) 292 (1.7) 295 

Percent of students

All students .............. 24 (0.2) 36 (0.2) 26 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 46 (0.2) 31 (0.2) 11 (0.1) 17 (0.2) 54 

Sex

Male ............................... 24 (0.3) 35 (0.3) 27 (0.3) 13 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 45 (0.3) 31 (0.3) 11 (0.1) 15 (0.2) 53 

Female........................... 24 (0.3) 37 (0.3) 26 (0.3) 13 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 46 (0.3) 30 (0.2) 11 (0.2) 20 (0.2) 55 

Race/ethnicity

White.............................. 27 (0.3) 36 (0.3) 26 (0.3) 11 (0.1) 14 (0.2) 46 (0.3) 30 (0.3) 11 (0.1) 20 (0.2) 53 

Black .............................. 19 (0.4) 35 (0.3) 27 (0.4) 20 (0.5) 11 (0.3) 45 (0.5) 31 (0.4) 14 (0.3) 15 (0.3) 55 Hispanic ......................... 21 (0.5) 37 (0.5) 28 (0.5) 14 (0.5) 10 (0.3) 47 (0.6) 32 (0.5) 11 (0.3) 12 (0.4) 57 Asian/Pacific Islander..... 16 (1.0) 36 (0.9) 30 (1.1) 18 (1.0) 16 (0.7) 49 (1.0) 27 (0.9) 8 (0.5) 9 (0.7) 51 American Indian/

Alaska Native........... 22 (1.4) 36 (1.5) 26 (1.2) 15 (1.0) 10 (1.1) 43 (1.6) 33 (1.6) 14 (1.0) 18 (1.0) 54 

Eligibility for free or 

reduced-price lunch

Eligible ........................... 22 (0.3) 35 (0.2) 27 (0.3) 16 (0.3) 12 (0.2) 46 (0.4) 30 (0.3) 12 (0.2) 14 (0.2) 55 Not eligible ..................... 26 (0.3) 37 (0.3) 26 (0.2) 11 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 46 (0.3) 30 (0.3) 10 (0.1) 19 (0.3) 53 Unknown........................ 23 (1.1) 34 (1.1) 28 (1.0) 15 (0.9) 11 (0.7) 44 (1.0) 34 (0.9) 11 (0.8) 22 (0.8) 54 

Control of school

Public ............................. 24 (0.2) 36 (0.2) 26 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 13 (0.2) 46 (0.2) 30 (0.2) 11 (0.1) 17 (0.2) 54 

Private............................ 23 (0.9) 36 (0.9) 27 (0.9) 14 (0.8) 11 (0.7) 45 (0.9) 34 (0.8) 10 (0.6) 22 (0.7) 55 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, small group testing) for children with disabilities and limited-English-proficientstudents were not permitted on the 1996 science assessment.2The percentile represents a specific point on the percentage distribution of all students ranked by their science score fromlow to high. For example, 10 percent of students scored at or below the 10th percentile score, while 90 percent of studentsscored above it.3Basic denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work.

4Proficient represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this lelenging subject matter.5Advanced signifies superior performance.NOTE: The NAEP science scale ranges from 0 to 300. Race categories exerrors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), NAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/ndeprepared November 2006.)

Table 148. Average science scale scores and percentage of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders attaining science achievement levels, by selected student characteristic

2005

Selected characteristic, percentile, and achievement level

4th-graders 8th-graders 

19961 2000 2005 19961 2000 2005 1996

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

All students ............................................................ 147 (1.1) 147 (0.9) 151 (0.3) 149 (0.8) 149 (1.0) 149 (0.3) 150 (0.7

Sex 

Male ............................................................................. 148 (1.3) 149 (1.1) 153 (0.3) 150 (0.9) 153 (1.1) 150 (0.4) 154 (1.0Female......................................................................... 146 (1.1) 145 (1.0) 149 (0.3) 148 (0.9) 146 (1.1) 147 (0.3) 147 (0.8

Race/ethnicity

White............................................................................ 158 (0.9) 159 (0.7) 162 (0.3) 159 (0.8) 161 (0.8) 160 (0.2) 159 (0.9

Black ............................................................................ 120 (1.3) 122 (1.0) 129 (0.6) 121 (0.9) 121 (1.4) 124 (0.4) 123 (1.Hispanic ....................................................................... 124 (3.0) 122 (2.3) 133 (0.5) 128 (2.7) 127 (1.4) 129 (0.5) 131 (2.2Asian/Pacific Islander................................................... 144 (3.7) ‡ (†) 158 (1.0) 151 (4.2) 153 (2.9) 156 (0.9) 147 (3.3American Indian........................................................... 129 (11.9) 135 (6.9) 138 (1.9) 148 (3.5) 147 (6.7) 128 (4.0) 144 (7.5

Parents’ education

Less than high school .................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 128 (0.5) — (†High school diploma or equivalent............................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 138 (0.5) — (†Some college ............................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 151 (0.4) — (†Bachelor’s degree or higher......................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 159 (0.3) — (†

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible ......................................................................... 129 (1.7) 127 (1.3) 135 (0.3) 129 (1.6) 127 (1.1) 130 (0.3) — (†Not eligible ................................................................... 159 (0.9) 158 (1.1) 162 (0.3) 156 (0.9) 159 (1.0) 159 (0.3) — (†Unknown...................................................................... 151 (3.9) 160 (1.5) 160 (0.9) 157 (2.3) 155 (1.7) 160 (1.5) — (†

Percentile2

10th.............................................................................. 99 (2.1) 99 (1.7) 109 (0.5) 103 (1.5) 101 (1.2) 101 (0.6) 105 (1.425th.............................................................................. 125 (1.6) 125 (1.4) 130 (0.4) 127 (1.2) 126 (1.3) 126 (0.4) 128 (1.50th.............................................................................. 150 (1.2) 150 (0.9) 153 (0.4) 152 (0.7) 152 (0.9) 151 (0.3) 152 (1.275th.............................................................................. 172 (1.0) 172 (0.7) 173 (0.3) 174 (0.8) 175 (0.8) 174 (0.3) 174 (0.890th.............................................................................. 190 (0.8) 190 (1.0) 189 (0.3) 192 (0.8) 194 (1.0) 192 (0.3) 192 (0.9

Percent attaining science achievement levels

Achievement level

Below Basic ................................................................. 37 (1.4) 37 (1.2) 32 (0.4) 40 (1.0) 41 (1.2) 41 (0.4) 43 (1.0

At or above Basic 3 ....................................................... 63 (1.4) 63 (1.2) 68 (0.4) 60 (1.0) 59 (1.2) 59 (0.4) 57 (1.0

At or above Proficient 4 ............................................. 28 (1.0) 27 (0.9) 29 (0.4) 29 (0.9) 30 (1.0) 29 (0.3) 21 (0.8

At Advanced5 ....................................................... 3 (0.3) 3 (0.4) 3 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 4 (0.3) 3 (0.1) 3 (0.3
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 149. Average science scale score for 8th-graders in public schools, by selected student characteristics and state or jurisdiction: 1996, 2000, and 2005State or jurisdiction

Average scale score Sex, 2005 Race/ethnicity, 2005

19961 2000 2005 Male Female White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific Islander

Americ

Alas

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

United States ...................... 148 (0.9) 148 (1.1) 147 (0.3) 149 (0.4) 145 (0.4) 159 (0.3) 123 (0.4) 127 (0.5) 155 (0.9) 134 

Alabama ...................................... 139 (1.6) 143 2 (1.7) 138 (1.3) 138 (1.6) 137 (1.4) 152 (1.3) 114 (1.5) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Alaska.......................................... 153 3 (1.3) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

Arizona ........................................ 145 2 (1.6) 145 2,4 (1.3) 140 (0.9) 141 (1.1) 139 (1.2) 156 (1.0) 125 (3.5) 123 (1.2) ‡ (†) 121 

Arkansas...................................... 144 3 (1.3) 142 (1.2) 144 (1.0) 146 (1.3) 142 (1.1) 155 (0.9) 113 (1.3) 136 (4.0) ‡ (†) ‡ 

California ..................................... 138 (1.7) 129 2,4 (1.8) 136 (0.7) 138 (0.8) 135 (0.8) 154 (0.9) 120 (1.5) 122 (0.8) 152 (1.8) 132 

Colorado ...................................... 155 (0.9) — (†) 155 (1.3) 158 (1.4) 152 (1.6) 166 (1.1) 133 (3.7) 134 (2.0) 158 (4.4) ‡ 

Connecticut.................................. 155 (1.3) 153 (1.6) 152 (1.0) 153 (1.6) 151 (1.1) 163 (0.9) 124 (2.2) 123 (2.7) 163 (3.6) ‡ 

Delaware...................................... 142 2 (0.8) — (†) 152 (0.6) 154 (0.7) 150 (1.0) 162 (0.6) 134 (1.1) 136 (2.4) 165 (3.4) ‡ 

District of Columbia ..................... 113 (0.7) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — Florida.......................................... 142 (1.6) — (†) 141 (1.2) 142 (1.2) 140 (1.4) 155 (1.1) 118 (1.5) 131 (2.0) 149 (4.2) ‡ 

Georgia........................................ 142 (1.4) 142 (1.6) 144 (1.1) 145 (1.4) 142 (1.2) 159 (1.4) 125 (1.3) 127 (3.6) 163 (5.9) ‡ Hawaii.......................................... 135 (0.7) 130 2 (1.4) 136 (0.8) 138 (1.4) 135 (0.9) 152 (1.7) ‡ (†) 131 (3.9) 133 (1.0) ‡ 

Idaho............................................ — (†) 158 4 (1.0) 158 (1.0) 161 (1.4) 154 (1.0) 161 (0.9) ‡ (†) 131 (2.2) ‡ (†) ‡ Illinois........................................... — (†) 148 4 (1.7) 148 (1.1) 150 (1.4) 146 (1.2) 161 (1.2) 120 (1.5) 130 (1.7) 164 (3.7) ‡ Indiana......................................... 153 (1.4) 154 2,4 (1.4) 150 (1.3) 154 (1.4) 147 (1.7) 156 (1.3) 119 (2.1) 131 (3.1) ‡ (†) ‡ Iowa ............................................. 158 3 (1.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

Kansas......................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — Kentucky ...................................... 147 2 (1.2) 150 2 (1.2) 153 (0.9) 154 (1.3) 151 (1.0) 155 (0.9) 130 (2.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Louisiana ..................................... 132 2 (1.6) 134 2 (1.5) 138 (1.5) 141 (1.7) 136 (1.6) 153 (1.3) 120 (1.5) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ Maine........................................... 163 2 (1.0) 158 4 (0.9) 158 (0.7) 159 (1.0) 156 (1.1) 158 (0.8) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ Maryland...................................... 145 3 (1.5) 146 (1.4) 145 (1.4) 145 (1.7) 144 (1.6) 160 (1.3) 123 (1.8) 132 (6.1) 165 (3.5) ‡ 

Massachusetts............................. 157 2 (1.4) 158 2 (1.1) 161 (1.0) 162 (1.2) 160 (1.2) 168 (1.0) 133 (2.2) 133 (2.2) 166 (3.4) ‡ 

Michigan ...................................... 153 3 (1.4) 155 4 (1.8) 155 (1.2) 156 (1.6) 154 (1.4) 163 (1.2) 128 (2.3) 132 (3.8) ‡ (†) ‡ Minnesota .................................... 159 (1.3) 159 4 (1.2) 158 (1.1) 161 (1.5) 155 (1.3) 166 (0.9) 120 (2.6) 133 (4.3) 137 (2.7) ‡ Mississippi ................................... 133 (1.4) 134 (1.2) 132 (1.2) 135 (1.5) 130 (1.3) 150 (1.0) 114 (1.5) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ Missouri ....................................... 151 (1.2) 154 (1.2) 154 (1.2) 157 (1.3) 151 (1.4) 161 (0.9) 124 (2.8) 150 (4.9) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Montana....................................... 162 3 (1.2) 164 4 (1.4) 162 (0.8) 162 (1.2) 161 (1.0) 165 (0.7) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 135 

Nebraska ..................................... 157 (1.0) 158 (1.4) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — Nevada ........................................ ‡ (†) 141 2 (1.0) 138 (0.9) 139 (1.1) 138 (1.3) 150 (1.0) 115 (2.4) 122 (1.3) 150 (3.4) ‡ New Hampshire ........................... ‡ (†) — (†) 162 (0.9) 163 (1.1) 161 (1.1) 163 (0.8) ‡ (†) (†) (†) ‡ New Jersey .................................. ‡ (†) — (†) 153 (1.2) 157 (1.6) 150 (1.3) 165 (1.1) 131 (2.6) 133 (1.9) 172 (2.4) ‡ 

New Mexico ................................. 141 2 (1.0) 139 (1.5) 138 (0.9) 141 (1.2) 135 (1.3) 157 (1.3) 129 (4.5) 129 (1.1) ‡ (†) 124 

New York...................................... 146 3 (1.6) 145 4 (2.1) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

North Carolina ............................. 147 (1.2) 145 (1.4) 144 (1.0) 145 (1.3) 143 (1.1) 155 (0.8) 122 (1.6) 132 (3.2) 157 (9.9) ‡ 

North Dakota ............................... 162 (0.8) 159 2 (1.1) 163 (0.6) 165 (0.9) 161 (0.9) 166 (0.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 137 

Ohio ............................................. — (†) 159 (1.5) 155 (1.2) 157 (1.7) 154 (1.3) 162 (1.0) 124 (3.3) 142 (5.6) ‡ (†) ‡ Oklahoma .................................... — (†) 149 (1.1) 147 (1.3) 149 (1.4) 144 (1.5) 155 (1.1) 120 (2.7) 132 (3.1) ‡ (†) 139 

Oregon......................................... 155 (1.6) 154 4 (1.3) 153 (1.0) 155 (1.4) 152 (1.3) 159 (0.9) 127 (5.5) 129 (3.1) 154 (4.6) ‡ 

Pennsylvania................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — Rhode Island ............................... 149 2 (0.8) 148 (0.9) 146 (0.7) 149 (0.9) 144 (0.9) 156 (0.7) 122 (2.2) 115 (1.8) 141 (4.7) ‡ 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Accommodations were not permitted for this assessment.2Significantly different from 2005 when only one jurisdiction or the nation is being examined.3Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 1996. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.4Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school participation in 2000. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.5Before 2005, Department of Defense domestic and overseas schools were separate jurisdictions in NAEP. Data for 1996 and2000 were recalculated for comparability.

NOTE: Excludes persons not enrolled in school and those who were unable to due to a disability (if sample not tested with accommodations or if the accommoficient to enable the test to properly reflect the students' science proficiency)exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parenthesespublished figures.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisress (NAEP), NAEP 1996 Science Report Card for the Nation and the States, TNAEP Data Explorer (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/, retrieved on 

December 2006.)

South Carolina............................. 139 2,3 (1.5) 140 2 (1.4) 145 (1.1) 146 (1.5) 144 (1.2) 159 (1.3) 127 (1.4) 130 (5.9) ‡ (†) ‡ 

South Dakota............................... — (†) — (†) 161 (0.7) 164 (1.0) 158 (0.9) 165 (0.7) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 133 Tennessee ................................... 143 (1.8) 145 (1.5) 145 (1.2) 146 (1.5) 144 (1.4) 153 (1.0) 119 (2.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Texas ........................................... 145 (1.8) 143 (1.7) 143 (0.8) 145 (1.1) 141 (0.9) 160 (0.9) 125 (1.5) 131 (1.1) 161 (3.8) ‡ 

Utah ............................................. 156 2 (0.8) 154 (1.0) 154 (0.7) 155 (1.1) 152 (0.9) 158 (0.7) ‡ (†) 130 (2.4) 139 (3.9) ‡ 

Vermont ....................................... 157 2,3 (1.0) 159 2,4 (1.0) 162 (0.6) 163 (0.9) 161 (0.8) 162 (0.6) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Virginia......................................... 149 2 (1.6) 151 2 (1.0) 155 (1.1) 157 (1.3) 153 (1.2) 165 (1.1) 133 (1.6) 141 (2.7) 161 (3.0) ‡ Washington.................................. 150 2 (1.3) — (†) 154 (0.8) 155 (1.2) 153 (1.0) 160 (0.8) 137 (3.1) 128 (3.2) 149 (2.6) 135 

West Virginia................................ 147 (0.9) 146 (1.1) 147 (0.8) 150 (1.0) 144 (0.9) 148 (0.7) 128 (3.3) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Wisconsin .................................... 160 3 (1.7) ‡ (†) 158 (1.0) 160 (1.3) 156 (1.2) 165 (0.8) 120 (3.1) 133 (3.1) 153 (4.1) ‡ 

Wyoming...................................... 158 (0.6) 156 2 (1.0) 159 (0.6) 161 (1.0) 157 (0.9) 161 (0.6) ‡ (†) 145 (2.3) ‡ (†) 145 

Department of Defense 

dependents schools5 ............. 155 2 (0.6) 158 2 (0.7) 160 (0.7) 162 (1.1) 158 (1.0) 168 (0.9) 143 (0.7) 160 (1.9) 161 (2.6) ‡ 

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ..................... — (†) 74 (4.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — Guam ....................................... 120 (1.1) 114 (1.8) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

Table 149. Average science scale score for 8th-graders in public schools, by selected student characteristics and state or jurisdiction: 1996, 2000, and 2005—CoState or jurisdiction

Average scale score Sex, 2005 Race/ethnicity, 2005

19961 2000 2005 Male Female White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific Islander

Americ

Alas

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met. 1Scale ranges from 0 to 300. NOTE: Includes public and private schools. Includes students for whom accommodations were permitted. Excludes students unable to be tested (even with accommodations) due to limited proficiency in English or due to a disability. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education SProgress (NAEP), 2005 Science Assessment, retrieved August 15, 2008, fronationsreportcard/nde/). (This table was prepared August 2008.)

Table 150. Average science scale score of 12th-graders and percentage reporting various attitudes toward science, by selected student and school characteristStudent or school characteristic

Like science Science is boring Science is useful for problem solving 

Disagree Not sure Agree Disagree Not sure Agree Disagree Not sure Agree 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

Average scale score1

All students ........................................ 137 (0.8) 139 (0.9) 158 (0.7) 156 (0.6) 146 (0.9) 137 (0.8) 137 (1.2) 143 (0.8) 155 (0.7) 1

Sex

Male ......................................................... 136 (1.1) 140 (1.1) 160 (0.9) 158 (0.9) 149 (1.3) 138 (1.0) 137 (1.2) 144 (1.1) 158 (0.8) 1

Female..................................................... 137 (0.9) 138 (1.2) 155 (0.8) 153 (0.7) 145 (1.1) 136 (0.9) 137 (1.5) 143 (0.9) 152 (0.8) 1

Race/ethnicity

White........................................................ 145 (0.9) 149 (0.9) 166 (0.6) 165 (0.6) 155 (0.9) 145 (0.9) 145 (1.2) 152 (0.8) 164 (0.6) 1

Black ........................................................ 113 (1.5) 114 (1.7) 129 (1.3) 127 (1.1) 119 (1.5) 113 (1.6) 115 (1.9) 118 (1.6) 125 (1.3) 1

Hispanic ................................................... 121 (1.7) 119 (1.9) 138 (1.8) 136 (1.9) 125 (1.9) 121 (1.6) 122 (2.0) 127 (2.1) 135 (1.9) 1

Asian/Pacific Islander............................... 137 (3.4) 146 (2.7) 163 (2.0) 160 (2.0) 152 (2.9) 141 (3.5) 141 (4.2) 145 (2.9) 161 (2.1) 1

American Indian/Alaska Native................ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible ..................................................... 121 (1.2) 121 (1.3) 139 (1.3) 136 (1.3) 128 (1.6) 120 (1.1) 121 (1.6) 126 (1.4) 136 (1.2) 1

Not eligible ............................................... 141 (0.8) 144 (1.0) 162 (0.6) 161 (0.6) 152 (0.8) 141 (0.9) 142 (1.4) 148 (0.8) 161 (0.7) 1Unknown.................................................. 145 (2.0) 153 (2.3) 167 (2.0) 165 (1.8) 156 (2.9) 147 (2.0) 146 (2.8) 153 (2.4) 165 (1.7) 1

Control of school

Public ....................................................... 135 (0.8) 138 (0.9) 156 (0.7) 154 (0.7) 145 (0.9) 136 (0.9) 136 (1.2) 142 (0.8) 154 (0.7) 1

Private...................................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Percent of students

All students ........................................ 31 (0.4) 19 (0.4) 50 (0.5) 46 (0.5) 23 (0.5) 31 (0.4) 20 (0.4) 32 (0.5) 48 (0.6) 

Sex

Male ......................................................... 26 (0.6) 19 (0.5) 55 (0.8) 47 (0.8) 23 (0.7) 30 (0.6) 19 (0.5) 31 (0.8) 51 (0.8) 

Female..................................................... 35 (0.6) 19 (0.5) 46 (0.6) 45 (0.7) 23 (0.7) 32 (0.7) 20 (0.6) 34 (0.7) 46 (0.8) 

Race/ethnicity

White........................................................ 30 (0.6) 18 (0.5) 52 (0.6) 46 (0.6) 23 (0.6) 31 (0.5) 19 (0.5) 32 (0.6) 49 (0.7) 

Black ........................................................ 36 (1.0) 19 (0.8) 45 (1.1) 45 (1.0) 18 (0.9) 37 (1.2) 22 (1.1) 30 (0.9) 48 (1.5) Hispanic ................................................... 28 (1.1) 23 (1.1) 49 (1.2) 47 (1.3) 27 (1.1) 26 (1.1) 22 (1.0) 35 (1.3) 43 (1.2) 

Asian/Pacific Islander............................... 23 (2.0) 24 (2.0) 53 (2.6) 48 (2.6) 28 (2.1) 24 (2.1) 13 (1.6) 31 (2.1) 56 (2.4) 

American Indian/Alaska Native................ 36 (5.5) 16 (5.1) 47 (7.1) 40 (5.4) 21 (4.2) 39 (4.8) 15 (4.2) 41 (5.3) 44 (6.1) 

Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch

Eligible ..................................................... 31 (0.8) 21 (0.9) 48 (1.0) 46 (1.0) 24 (0.7) 30 (1.1) 21 (0.9) 32 (1.0) 47 (1.0) 

Not eligible ............................................... 31 (0.6) 19 (0.6) 51 (0.7) 45 (0.7) 23 (0.6) 32 (0.6) 20 (0.5) 32 (0.6) 48 (0.7) 

Unknown.................................................. 29 (1.4) 17 (0.9) 54 (1.5) 48 (1.4) 24 (1.1) 28 (1.2) 16 (0.8) 30 (1.3) 53 (1.7) 

Control of school

Public ....................................................... 31 (0.5) 19 (0.4) 50 (0.6) 46 (0.6) 23 (0.5) 31 (0.5) 20 (0.4) 33 (0.5) 48 (0.6) 

Private...................................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable.

NOTE: Data are for seniors who took the SAT any time during their high school years through March of their senior year. If astudent took a test more than once, the most recent score was used. The SAT was formerly known as the Scholastic Assessment Test and the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Possible scores on each part of the SAT range from 200 to 800. The critical reading section was formerly known as the verbal section. The writing section was introduced in March 2005.

SOURCE: College Entrance Examination Board, College-Bound Seniors: T

years, 1986–87 through 2009–10, retrieved September 14, 2010, from http

research/sat/cb-seniors-2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 151. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1986–87 through 2009–10Race/ethnicity 1986–87 1990–91 1996–97 1998–99

1999–

2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SAT—Critical reading

All students ............................... 507 499 505 505 505 506 504 507 508 508 503 502 502 501 501 

White .................................................. 524 518 526 527 528 529 527 529 528 532 527 527 528 528 528 Black................................................... 428 427 434 434 434 433 430 431 430 433 434 433 430 429 429 Mexican American .............................. 457 454 451 453 453 451 446 448 451 453 454 455 454 453 454 Puerto Rican....................................... 436 436 454 455 456 457 455 456 457 460 459 459 456 452 454 Other Hispanic.................................... 464 458 466 463 461 460 458 457 461 463 458 459 455 455 454 Asian/Pacific Islander ......................... 479 485 496 498 499 501 501 508 507 511 510 514 513 516 519 

American Indian/Alaska Native........... 471 470 475 484 482 481 479 480 483 489 487 487 485 486 485 Other................................................... 480 486 512 511 508 503 502 501 494 495 494 497 496 494 494 SAT—Mathematics

All students ............................... 501 500 511 511 514 514 516 519 518 520 518 515 515 515 516 

White .................................................. 514 513 526 528 530 531 533 534 531 536 536 534 537 536 536 Black................................................... 411 419 423 422 426 426 427 426 427 431 429 429 426 426 428 Mexican American .............................. 455 459 458 456 460 458 457 457 458 463 465 466 463 463 467 Puerto Rican....................................... 432 439 447 448 451 451 451 453 452 457 456 454 453 450 452 Other Hispanic.................................... 462 462 468 464 467 465 464 464 465 469 463 463 461 461 462 Asian/Pacific Islander ......................... 541 548 560 560 565 566 569 575 577 580 578 578 581 587 591 

American Indian/Alaska Native........... 463 468 475 481 481 479 483 482 488 493 494 494 491 493 492 Other................................................... 482 492 514 513 515 512 514 513 508 513 513 512 512 514 514 SAT—Writing

All students ............................... † † † † † † † † † † 497 494 494 493 492 

White .................................................. † † † † † † † † † † 519 518 518 517 516 Black................................................... † † † † † † † † † † 428 425 424 421 420 Mexican American .............................. † † † † † † † † † † 452 450 447 446 448 Puerto Rican....................................... † † † † † † † † † † 448 447 445 443 443 Other Hispanic.................................... † † † † † † † † † † 450 450 448 448 447 Asian/Pacific Islander ......................... † † † † † † † † † † 512 513 516 520 526 

American Indian/Alaska Native........... † † † † † † † † † † 474 473 470 469 467 Other................................................... † † † † † † † † † † 493 493 494 493 492 
222 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable.

1Data for 1966–67 to 1985–86 were converted to the recentered scale by using a formula

applied to the original mean and standard deviation. For 1986–87 to 1994–95, individual student scores were converted to the recentered scale and then the mean was recomputed. For

1995–96 to 1998–99, nearly all students received scores on the recentered scale; any score

on the original scale was converted to the recentered scale prior to recomputing the mean.

From 1999–2000 on, all scores have been reported on the recentered scale.

2Writing data are based on students who took the SAT writing section, which was introduced

in March 2005.

NOTE: Data for 1966–67 through 1970–71 are estimates derived from the test scores of all

participants. Data for 1971–72 and later are for seniors who took the SAT any time during

their high school years through March of their senior year. If a student took a test more than

once, the most recent score was used. The SAT was formerly known as the Scholastic

Assessment Test and the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Possible scores on each part of the SAT

range from 200 to 800. The critical reading section was formerly known as the verbal section.

SOURCE: College Entrance Examination Board, College-Bound Seniors: Total Group Profile

[National] Report, 1966–67 through 2009–10, retrieved September 14, 2010, from http://

professionals.collegeboard.com/data-reports-research/sat/cb-seniors-2010. (This table

was prepared September 2010.)

Table 152. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by sex: 1966–67 through 2009–10

School year

SAT1 Scholastic Aptitude Test (old scale)

Critical reading score Mathematics score Writing score2 Verbal score Mathematics score

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1966–67............................................ 543 540 545 516 535 495 † † † 466 463 468 492 514 467

1967–68............................................ 543 541 543 516 533 497 † † † 466 464 466 492 512 470

1968–69............................................ 540 536 543 517 534 498 † † † 463 459 466 493 513 470

1969–70............................................ 537 536 538 512 531 493 † † † 460 459 461 488 509 465

1970–71............................................ 532 531 534 513 529 494 † † † 455 454 457 488 507 466

1971–72............................................ 530 531 529 509 527 489 † † † 453 454 452 484 505 461

1972–73............................................ 523 523 521 506 525 489 † † † 445 446 443 481 502 460

1973–74............................................ 521 524 520 505 524 488 † † † 444 447 442 480 501 459

1974–75............................................ 512 515 509 498 518 479 † † † 434 437 431 472 495 449

1975–76............................................ 509 511 508 497 520 475 † † † 431 433 430 472 497 446

1976–77............................................ 507 509 505 496 520 474 † † † 429 431 427 470 497 445

1977–78............................................ 507 511 503 494 517 474 † † † 429 433 425 468 494 444

1978–79............................................ 505 509 501 493 516 473 † † † 427 431 423 467 493 443

1979–80............................................ 502 506 498 492 515 473 † † † 424 428 420 466 491 443

1980–81............................................ 502 508 496 492 516 473 † † † 424 430 418 466 492 443

1981–82............................................ 504 509 499 493 516 473 † † † 426 431 421 467 493 443

1982–83............................................ 503 508 498 494 516 474 † † † 425 430 420 468 493 445

1983–84............................................ 504 511 498 497 518 478 † † † 426 433 420 471 495 449

1984–85............................................ 509 514 503 500 522 480 † † † 431 437 425 475 499 452

1985–86............................................ 509 515 504 500 523 479 † † † 431 437 426 475 501 451

1986–87............................................ 507 512 502 501 523 481 † † † 430 435 425 476 500 453

1987–88............................................ 505 512 499 501 521 483 † † † 428 435 422 476 498 455

1988–89............................................ 504 510 498 502 523 482 † † † 427 434 421 476 500 454

1989–90............................................ 500 505 496 501 521 483 † † † 424 429 419 476 499 455

1990–91............................................ 499 503 495 500 520 482 † † † 422 426 418 474 497 453

1991–92............................................ 500 504 496 501 521 484 † † † 423 428 419 476 499 456

1992–93............................................ 500 504 497 503 524 484 † † † 424 428 420 478 502 457

1993–94............................................ 499 501 497 504 523 487 † † † 423 425 421 479 501 460

1994–95............................................ 504 505 502 506 525 490 † † † 428 429 426 482 503 463

1995–96............................................ 505 507 503 508 527 492††† ————— —

1996–97............................................ 505 507 503 511 530 494††† ————— —

1997–98............................................ 505 509 502 512 531 496††† ————— —

1998–99............................................ 505 509 502 511 531 495††† ————— —

1999–2000........................................ 505 507 504 514 533 498†††††††† †

2000–01............................................ 506 509 502 514 533 498†††††††† †

2001–02............................................ 504 507 502 516 534 500†††††††† †

2002–03............................................ 507 512 503 519 537 503†††††††† †

2003–04............................................ 508 512 504 518 537 501†††††††† †

2004–05............................................ 508 513 505 520 538 504†††††††† †

2005–06............................................ 503 505 502 518 536 502 497 491 502††††† †

2006–07............................................ 502 504 502 515 533 499 494 489 500††††† †

2007–08............................................ 502 504 500 515 533 500 494 488 501††††† †

2008–09............................................ 501 503 498 515 534 499 493 486 499††††† †

2009–10............................................ 501 503 498 516 534 500 492 486 498††††† †
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 153. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1995–96 through 2009–10 Selected student characteristic

1995–96 2000–01 2005–06 2008–09 

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Percentage

distribution

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Percentage

distribution

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Writing

score2

Percentage

distribution

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Writing

score2

Percentage

distribution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 

All students .............................................. 505 508 100 506 514 100 503 518 497 100 501 515 493 100 

High school rank

Top decile....................................................... 591 606 22 588 607 24 580 604 577 31 576 603 573 33 Second decile ................................................ 530 539 22 526 540 23 516 537 511 25 512 534 505 27 Second quintile .............................................. 494 496 28 490 497 26 484 498 476 20 482 497 471 19 Third quintile .................................................. 455 448 24 454 452 22 — — — — — — — — Fourth quintile ................................................ 429 418 4 423 417 4 — — — — — — — — Fifth quintile ................................................... 411 401 1 407 401 1 — — — — — — — — Bottom three quintiles3................................... — — — — — — 443 449 435 23 441 448 430 20 

High school grade point average

A+ (97–100)................................................... 617 632 6 609 626 7 602 621 599 7 599 621 597 6 

A (93–96) ....................................................... 573 583 14 566 581 17 563 582 559 18 563 583 559 19 A- (90–92)...................................................... 545 554 15 540 552 17 534 552 529 18 532 551 526 19 B (80–89) ....................................................... 486 485 49 482 486 47 479 489 471 46 474 484 464 46 C (70–79)....................................................... 432 426 15 428 425 12 426 428 414 11 420 422 406 11 D, E, or F (below 70) ...................................... 414 408 # 403 404 # 406 413 389 # 399 412 387 # 

High school type

Public ............................................................. 502 506 83 502 510 83 500 514 492 83 496 510 487 84 Private, religiously affiliated ........................... 525 510 12 530 523 12 531 529 528 11 533 533 530 11 Private, independent...................................... 547 556 5 549 567 5 544 573 550 5 550 578 555 6 

Intended college major4

Agriculture and related sciences.................... 491 484 2 487 484 1 481 485 469 1 478 485 465 1 Architecture/environmental design................. 492 519 3 493 521 2 488 528 485 3 491 534 485 2 Area, ethnic, cultural and gender studies....... † † † † † † † † † † 551 515 536 # Arts: visual/performing................................... 520 497 6 518 501 8 516 502 507 9 516 503 506 8 Biological sciences ........................................ 546 545 6 545 549 5 540 554 532 6 541 557 533 6 Business and commerce ............................... 483 500 13 489 511 14 486 511 481 15 486 516 481 14 

Communications and journalism.................... 527 497 4 527 506 4 522 504 520 4 522 502 518 4 Computer or information sciences ................. 497 522 3 501 533 7 503 534 482 4 506 533 481 3 Construction trades........................................ † † † † † † † † † † 423 458 404 # Education....................................................... 487 477 8 483 481 9 480 484 478 8 478 483 475 7 Engineering.................................................... 525 569 8 523 572 9 519 577 506 8 526 582 511 8 Engineering technologies/technicians ........... † † † † † † † † † † 464 511 448 1 

English language and literature/letters........... 605 545 1 606 549 1 597 541 584 2 589 530 572 2 Family and consumer sciences/human 

sciences5.................................................. 458 452 # 459 458 # 462 466 461 # 467 468 462 # 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 556 534 # 557 540 1 572 549 563 1 574 545 563 1 General/interdisciplinary ................................ 576 553 # 554 539 # 542 532 532#††††

Health and allied services.............................. 500 505 19 494 502 15 485 498 483 18 488 501 485 19 History............................................................ † † † † † † † † † † 548 517 518 1 Legal professions and studies ....................... † † † † † † † † † † 510 506 500 3 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, 

and humanities ........................................ † † † † † † † † † † 553 532 541 1 

Library and archival sciences ........................ 554 512 # 574 504 # 579 509 542 # 576 510 534 # 

Mathematics .................................................. 552 628 1 549 625 1 539 624 537 1 528 613 527 1 Mechanic and repair technologies/technician ... † † † † † † † † † † 418 447 401 # Military sciences ............................................ 503 505 # 507 511 # 510 521 487 1 518 520 483 # Multi/interdisciplinary studies......................... † † † † † † † † † † 604 594 590 # Natural resources and conservation .............. † † † † † † † † † † 521 521 504 1 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.1Prior to 2006, the critical reading section was known as the verbal section. 2Writing data are based on students who took the SAT writing section, which was introduced in March 2005.3Beginning in 2005–06, the College Board has reported third, fourth, and fifth quintiles as the bottom three quintiles instead of

reporting them separately as in previous years.

4Data may not be comparable over time because of additions to the list of majors and changes in subspecialties within majors.

5Prior to 2006–07, family and consumer sciences/human sciences was called hNOTE: Data are for seniors who took the SAT any time during their high school dent took a test more than once, the most recent score was used. The SAT waTest and the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Possible scores on each part of the SAtotals because of rounding and survey item nonresponse.SOURCE: College Entrance Examination Board, College-Bound Seniors: Total 1995–96 through 2009–10, retrieved September 14, 2010, from http://professsat/cb-seniors-2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ... † † † † † † † † † † 452 476 442 1 Personal and culinary services ...................... † † † † † † † † † † 460 458 445 # Philosophy/religious studies........................... 560 536 # 561 539 1 557 537 535 1 567 543 543 # Physical sciences........................................... 575 595 1 568 588 1 557 589 542 2 561 592 544 1 Precision production ...................................... † † † † † † † † † † 441 468 411 # 

Psychology .................................................... † † † † † † † † † † 501 488 494 5 Public affairs and services ............................. 458 448 3 461 455 2 462 461 454 3 466 451 458 # Security and protective services.................... † † † † † † † † † † 449 458 438 2 

Social sciences and history ........................... 532 509 11 531 512 10 539 519 5259††††

Social sciences .............................................. † † † † † † † † † † 568 550 552 2 Technical and vocational................................ 435 441 1 444 451 1 437 454 4211††††Theology and religious vocations................... † † † † † † † † † † 542 527 521 # 

Transportation and materials moving............. † † † † † † † † † † 460 486 445 # Other.............................................................. † † † † † † † † † † 467 474 456 1 Undecided...................................................... 500 507 7 515 524 7 512 530 502 3 532 549 523 4 

Degree-level goal

Certificate program ........................................ 434 439 1 443 455 1 443 462 435 1 441 461 432 1 Associate’s degree......................................... 422 415 2 419 416 2 416 420 409 1 415 418 404 1 Bachelor’s degree .......................................... 476 476 23 478 483 25 477 487 469 25 476 486 465 26 Master’s degree ............................................. 514 518 29 516 526 31 512 525 505 30 507 522 500 31 

Doctor’s or related degree.............................. 548 552 24 547 554 21 539 553 532 20 534 548 528 20 Other.............................................................. 430 438 1 438 449 1 439 456 436 1 433 452 429 # Undecided...................................................... 502 503 20 511 517 19 515 528 508 22 516 529 508 20 

Family income

Less than $20,000 ......................................... — — — — — — — — — — 434 457 430 10 $20,000, but less than $40,000...................... — — — — — — — — — — 462 475 453 15 

$40,000, but less than $60,000...................... — — — — — — — — — — 488 497 476 15 

$60,000, but less than $80,000...................... — — — — — — — — — — 503 512 491 15 

$80,000, but less than $100,000.................... — — — — — — — — — — 517 528 505 13 $100,000, but less than $120,000.................. — — — — — — — — — — 525 538 516 11 

$120,000, but less than $140,000.................. — — — — — — — — — — 529 542 520 5 

$140,000, but less than $160,000.................. — — — — — — — — — — 536 550 527 4 

$160,000, but less than $200,000.................. — — — — — — — — — — 542 554 535 5 

More than $200,000....................................... — — — — — — — — — — 563 579 560 7 

Highest level of parental education

No high school diploma ................................. 414 439 4 411 438 4 418 445 418 4 420 443 418 5 High school diploma ...................................... 475 474 35 472 476 32 467 478 460 31 464 474 454 31 Associate’s degree......................................... 489 487 8 489 491 9 484 493 474 8 482 491 469 9 Bachelor’s degree .......................................... 525 529 28 525 533 29 522 536 514 30 521 535 512 30 Graduate degree............................................ 556 558 25 559 567 26 558 571 552 27 559 572 552 25 

Table 153. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, by selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1995–96 through 2009–10—Continued Selected student characteristic

1995–96 2000–01 2005–06 2008–09 

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Percentage

distribution

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Percentage

distribution

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Writing

score2

Percentage

distribution

Critical

reading

score1

Mathematics

score

Writing

score2

Percentage

distribution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 225

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Participation rate is based on the projection of high school graduates by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE), and the number of seniors who took the

SAT in each state.

2Writing data are based on students who took the SAT writing section, which was introduced in March 2005.

3Beginning with the spring SAT administration in 2006, all Maine high school juniors,

including all students in their third year of high school, are required to take SAT tests in critical reading, writing, and mathematics.

NOTE: Data are for seniors who took the SAT any time during their high school years

through March of their senior year. If a student took a test more than once, the most recent

score was used. The SAT was formerly known as the Scholastic Assessment Test and the

Scholastic Aptitude Test. Possible scores on each part of the SAT range from 200 to 800.

The critical reading section was formerly known as the verbal section.

SOURCE: College Entrance Examination Board, College-Bound Seniors Tables and

Related Items, selected years, 1995–96 through 2009–10, retrieved September 14, 2010,

from http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/2010-sat-trends.pdf. (This table

was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 154. SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors and percentage of graduates taking SAT, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1995–96 

through 2009–10 

State or jurisdiction

 1995–96 2000–01 2005–06 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 Percent

of

graduates

taking

SAT,

2008–091

Percent

of

graduates

taking

SAT,

2009–101

Critical

reading

MathematicsCritical

reading

MathematicsCritical

reading

Mathematics Writing2Critical

reading

Mathematics Writing2Critical

reading

Mathematics Writing2Critical

reading

Mathematics Writing2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

United States .... 505 508 506 514 503 518 497 502 515 494 501 515 493 501 516 492 46 47

Alabama .................... 565 558 559 554 565 561 565 565 557 554 557 552 549 556 550 544 7 7

Alaska........................ 521 513 514 510 517 517 493 520 520 493 520 516 492 518 515 491 46 48

Arizona ...................... 525 521 523 525 521 528 507 516 522 500 516 521 497 519 525 500 26 25

Arkansas.................... 566 550 562 550 574 568 567 575 567 559 572 572 556 566 566 552 5 4

California ................... 495 511 498 517 501 518 501 499 515 498 500 513 498 501 516 500 49 50

Colorado .................... 536 538 539 542 558 564 548 564 570 553 568 575 555 568 572 555 20 18

Connecticut................ 507 504 509 510 512 516 511 509 513 513 509 513 512 509 514 513 83 84

Delaware.................... 508 495 501 499 495 500 484 499 498 490 495 498 484 493 495 481 71 71

District of Columbia ... 489 473 482 474 487 472 482 470 455 465 466 451 461 474 464 466 79 76

Florida........................ 498 496 498 499 496 497 480 496 497 481 497 498 480 496 498 479 59 59

Georgia...................... 484 477 491 489 494 496 487 491 493 482 490 491 479 488 490 475 71 74

Hawaii........................ 485 510 486 515 482 509 472 481 502 470 479 502 469 483 505 470 58 58

Idaho.......................... 543 536 543 542 543 545 525 540 540 517 541 540 520 543 541 517 18 19

Illinois......................... 564 575 576 589 591 609 586 583 601 578 588 604 583 585 600 577 6 6

Indiana....................... 494 494 499 501 498 509 486 496 508 481 496 507 480 494 505 477 63 64

Iowa ........................... 590 600 593 603 602 613 591 603 612 582 610 615 588 603 613 582 3 3

Kansas....................... 579 571 577 580 582 590 566 580 589 564 581 589 564 590 595 567 7 6

Kentucky .................... 549 544 550 550 562 562 555 568 570 554 573 573 561 575 575 563 7 6

Louisiana ................... 559 550 564 562 570 571 571 566 564 558 563 558 555 555 550 547 7 7

Maine3

........................ 504 498 506 500 501 501 491 469 466 461 468 467 455 468 467 454 90 92

Maryland.................... 507 504 508 510 503 509 499 499 502 497 *500 502 495 501 506 495 69 70

Massachusetts........... 507 504 511 515 513 524 510 514 525 513 514 526 510 512 526 509 84 86

Michigan .................... 557 565 561 572 568 583 555 581 598 572 584 603 575 585 605 576 5 5

Minnesota .................. 582 593 580 589 591 600 574 596 609 579 595 609 578 594 607 580 7 7

Mississippi ................. 569 557 566 551 556 541 562 574 556 566 567 554 559 566 548 552 4 3

Missouri ..................... 570 569 577 577 587 591 582 594 597 584 595 600 584 593 595 580 5 4

Montana..................... 546 547 539 539 538 545 524 541 548 523 541 542 519 538 538 517 22 24

Nebraska ................... 567 568 562 568 576 583 566 581 585 567 587 594 572 585 593 568 4 4

Nevada ...................... 508 507 509 515 498 508 481 498 506 478 501 505 479 496 501 473 42 43

New Hampshire ......... 520 514 520 516 520 524 509 521 523 511 523 523 510 520 524 510 75 77

New Jersey ................ 498 505 499 513 496 515 496 495 513 496 496 513 496 495 514 497 76 76

New Mexico ............... 554 548 551 542 557 549 543 557 548 540 553 546 534 553 549 534 11 11

New York.................... 497 499 495 505 493 510 483 488 504 481 485 502 478 484 499 478 85 85

North Carolina ........... 490 486 493 499 495 513 485 496 511 482 495 511 480 497 511 477 63 63

North Dakota ............. 596 599 592 599 610 617 588 594 604 568 590 593 566 580 594 559 3 4

Ohio ........................... 536 535 534 539 535 544 521 534 544 521 537 546 523 538 548 522 22 21

Oklahoma .................. 566 557 567 561 576 574 563 572 572 557 575 571 557 569 568 547 5 5

Oregon....................... 523 521 526 526 523 529 503 523 527 502 523 525 499 523 524 499 52 54

Pennsylvania.............. 498 492 500 499 493 500 483 494 501 483 493 501 483 492 501 480 71 71

Rhode Island ............. 501 491 501 499 495 502 490 495 498 493 498 496 494 494 495 488 66 67

South Carolina........... 480 474 486 488 487 498 480 488 497 476 486 496 470 484 495 468 67 66

South Dakota............. 574 566 577 582 590 604 578 595 596 575 589 600 569 592 603 571 3 3

Tennessee ................. 563 552 562 553 573 569 572 571 570 566 571 565 565 576 571 565 10 10

Texas ......................... 495 500 493 499 491 506 487 488 505 480 486 506 475 484 505 473 51 53

Utah ........................... 583 575 575 570 560 557 550 561 557 543 559 558 540 568 559 547 6 6

Vermont ..................... 506 500 511 506 513 519 502 519 523 507 518 518 506 519 521 506 64 66

Virginia....................... 507 496 510 501 512 513 500 511 512 499 511 512 498 512 512 497 68 67

Washington................ 519 519 527 527 527 532 511 526 533 509 524 531 507 524 532 508 53 54

West Virginia.............. 526 506 527 512 519 510 515 512 501 498 511 501 499 515 507 500 18 16

Wisconsin .................. 577 586 584 596 588 600 577 587 604 577 594 608 582 595 604 579 5 4

Wyoming.................... 544 544 547 545 548 555 537 562 574 541 567 568 550 570 567 546 5 5
226 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Educational Achievement

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Minimum score is 1 and maximum score is 36.

2Standard deviations not available for racial/ethnic groups.

3Includes business and management, business and office, and marketing and distribution.

4Includes engineering and engineering-related technologies. 

5Includes social science and philosophy, religion, and theology.

6Includes education and teacher education. 

NOTE: Data are for high school graduates who took the ACT during their sophomore,

junior, or senior year. If a student took a test more than once, the most recent score was

used. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been

revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: ACT, High School Profile Report, selected years, 1995 through 2010. U.S.

Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data

(CCD), “State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education,” 1995–96

through 2008–09; Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 1995 through 2007; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2019. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 155. ACT score averages and standard deviations, by sex and race/ethnicity, and percentage of ACT test takers, by selected composite 

score ranges and planned fields of study: Selected years, 1995 through 2010

Score type and test-taker 

characteristic 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Total test takers 

Number (in thousands) ... 945 1,019 1,065 1,070 1,116 1,175 1,171 1,186 1,206 1,301 1,422 1,480 1,569

Percent of graduates ....... 37.5 36.9 37.6 37.6 38.4 39.0 38.4 38.2 38.6 40.7 42.9 44.6 47.5

Average test score1

Composite score, total ... 20.8 21.0 21.0 21.0 20.8 20.8 20.9 20.9 21.1 21.2 21.1 21.1 21.0

Sex

Male ................................... 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.1 20.9 21.0 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.2

Female............................... 20.7 20.9 20.9 20.9 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.9 21.0 21.0 21.0 20.9 20.9

Race/ethnicity

White.................................. — 22.7 22.7 21.8 21.7 21.7 21.8 21.9 22.0 22.1 22.1 22.2 22.3

Black .................................. — 17.9 17.8 16.9 16.8 16.9 17.1 17.0 17.1 17.0 16.9 16.9 16.9

Mexican American ............. — 19.6 19.5 18.5 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.4 — — — — —

Other Hispanic ................... — 20.7 20.5 19.4 18.8 19.0 18.8 18.9 — — — — —

Hispanic ............................. — — — — 18.4 18.5 18.5 18.6 18.6 18.7 18.7 18.7 18.6

Asian American or Pacific 

Islander ........................ — 22.3 22.4 21.7 21.6 21.8 21.9 22.1 22.3 22.6 22.9 23.2 23.4

American Indian/Alaska 

Native........................... — 20.4 20.4 18.8 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.7 18.8 18.9 19.0 18.9 19.0

Subject-area scores

English ............................... 20.2 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.4 20.6 20.7 20.6 20.6 20.5

Male ............................... 19.8 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.7 19.8 19.9 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.1 20.2 20.1

Female ........................... 20.6 20.9 20.9 20.8 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.8 21.0 21.0 21.0 20.9 20.8

Mathematics ...................... 20.2 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.6 20.7 20.7 20.8 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0

Male ............................... 20.9 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.3 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6

Female ........................... 19.7 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.5

Reading ............................. 21.3 21.4 21.4 21.3 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.4 21.4 21.3

Male ............................... 21.1 21.1 21.2 21.1 20.9 21.0 21.1 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.1

Female ........................... 21.4 21.6 21.5 21.5 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.5 21.4 21.4

Science reasoning ............. 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 20.8 20.8 20.9 20.9 20.9 21.0 20.8 20.9 20.9

Male ............................... 21.6 21.5 21.6 21.6 21.3 21.3 21.3 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.3 21.4 21.4

Female ........................... 20.5 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.4 20.4 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.4 20.4 20.5

Standard deviation2

Composite score, total ... — 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 — 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2

Sex

Male ................................... — 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 — — — — —

Female............................... — 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 — — — — —

Subject-area scores

English ............................... — 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 — 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.4

Male ............................... — 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 — — — — —

Female ........................... — 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 — — — — —

Mathematics ...................... — 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 — 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3

Male ............................... — 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.3 — — — — —

Female ........................... — 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.3 4.8 4.8 — — — — —

Reading ............................. — 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 — 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2

Male ............................... — 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 5.3 6.1 6.1 — — — — —

Female ........................... — 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 4.8 5.9 6.0 — — — — —

Science reasoning ............. — 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 — 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1

Male ............................... — 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 — — — — —

Female ........................... — 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 — — — — —

Percent of ACT test takers

Obtaining composite scores 

of—

28 or above ....................... — 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12

17 or below ....................... — 25 25 25 27 27 26 26 25 25 26 27 28

Planned major field of study

Business3 .......................... 13 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 9 8 11 12 11

Engineering4 ..................... 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 7 8 8

Social science5.................. 9 9 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 5 6 7 7

Education6

......................... 8 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 6 7 7
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.!Interpret data with caution.‡Reporting standards not met.

NOTE: Includes children enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12. Excludes lettered grades. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. DetStandard errors appear in parentheses. Some data have been revised from pSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatistCivic Involvement Survey and Parent and Family Involvement in Education SurvProgram (PFI/CI-NHES:1996 and PFI-NHES:2003 and 2007). (This table was pr

Table 156. Percentage distribution of elementary and secondary school children, by average grades and selected child and school characteristics: 1996, 2003, aSelected characteristic of children and schools

Distribution of children, by parental reports of average grades in all subjects 

1996 2003 

Mostly A’s Mostly B’s Mostly C’s Mostly D’s or F’s Mostly A’s Mostly B’s Mostly C’s Mostly D’s or F’s Mostly A’s 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

All students ............................................................ 39.5 (0.53) 37.8 (0.56) 18.5 (0.41) 4.2 (0.22) 43.6 (0.62) 37.0 (0.58) 15.9 (0.52) 3.6 (0.24) 47.2 (0.75) 35

Sex of child

Male ............................................................................. 32.5 (0.68) 38.3 (0.82) 23.5 (0.62) 5.7 (0.36) 36.4 (0.72) 38.6 (0.86) 19.8 (0.74) 5.2 (0.40) 40.3 (1.01) 37

Female......................................................................... 46.9 (0.79) 37.2 (0.77) 13.2 (0.60) 2.7 (0.27) 51.0 (0.84) 35.3 (0.76) 11.9 (0.61) 1.9 (0.24) 54.7 (0.99) 32

Race/ethnicity of child

White............................................................................ 43.7 (0.66) 36.1 (0.60) 16.5 (0.48) 3.7 (0.27) 47.8 (0.86) 35.2 (0.75) 14.0 (0.63) 3.1 (0.25) 53.9 (0.97) 32

Black ............................................................................ 27.0 (1.40) 41.0 (1.48) 26.2 (1.51) 5.8 (0.67) 34.5 (1.75) 39.5 (1.65) 20.9 (1.33) 5.0 (0.82) 28.3 (2.04) 40

Hispanic ....................................................................... 31.7 (1.41) 43.8 (1.50) 19.6 (1.17) 4.9 (0.71) 34.9 (1.14) 42.3 (1.24) 18.6 (1.03) 4.2 (0.48) 40.8 (1.68) 39Asian/Pacific Islander................................................... 55.5 (3.46) 35.0 (3.35) 8.3 (1.93) 1.2 ! (0.72) 62.0 (3.47) 25.5 (2.76) 11.3 (3.06) 1.2 ! (0.90) — (†) 

Asian............................................................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 74.5 (3.67) 20

Pacific Islander............................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 16.9 ! (11.82) 70

American Indian/Alaska Native.................................... 30.2 (3.90) 31.9 (4.78) 29.3 (4.92) 8.7 ! (3.82) 29.5 (6.53) 53.3 (6.42) 12.1 ! (4.90) 5.1 ! (2.54) 39.7 (9.13) 29Other ........................................................................... 40.7 (2.98) 33.3 (3.35) 20.1 (2.85) 5.8 ! (1.96) 41.4 (4.34) 36.2 (3.91) 18.8 (2.81) 3.5 ! (1.38) 31.4 ! (18.09) 50Two or more races ....................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 44.3 (3.92) 38

Highest education level of parents

Less than high school .................................................. 28.7 (1.87) 39.2 (1.89) 24.0 (1.68) 8.1 (1.04) 27.8 (2.17) 41.6 (2.05) 22.7 (2.27) 7.8 (1.46) 26.8 (3.18) 41

High school/GED ......................................................... 30.5 (0.90) 40.5 (1.09) 23.1 (0.91) 5.9 (0.52) 32.1 (1.20) 41.4 (1.23) 21.7 (1.12) 4.8 (0.57) 32.9 (1.70) 39Vocational/technical or some college........................... 35.2 (1.25) 41.3 (1.20) 19.4 (0.82) 4.1 (0.52) 39.8 (1.34) 38.3 (1.36) 17.2 (0.95) 4.7 (0.58) 40.7 (1.65) 38

Associate’s degree....................................................... 41.5 (1.83) 36.9 (1.88) 18.0 (1.53) 3.5 (0.68) 46.7 (2.13) 34.5 (1.94) 16.4 (1.51) 2.4 (0.57) 40.3 (2.27) 38Bachelor’s degree/some graduate school.................... 52.7 (1.32) 32.9 (1.16) 12.5 (0.92) 1.9 (0.31) 53.0 (1.26) 34.2 (1.29) 11.1 (0.85) 1.7 (0.28) 58.9 (1.62) 32

Graduate/professional degree ..................................... 59.1 (1.40) 30.4 (1.26) 9.5 (0.99) 1.0 (0.24) 61.9 (1.71) 30.5 (1.75) 6.7 (0.67) 0.9 (0.24) 68.2 (1.59) 24

Family income (in current dollars)

$5,000 or less .............................................................. 28.9 (2.50) 38.8 (2.39) 23.3 (2.35) 8.9 (1.67) 31.8 (4.43) 38.9 (4.27) 21.0 (3.53) 8.3 ! (3.25) 22.9 (4.72) 31

$5,001 to $10,000........................................................ 26.6 (1.97) 41.9 (2.30) 24.6 (2.33) 6.9 (1.15) 31.6 (2.90) 40.1 (3.70) 24.9 (2.70) 3.4 (0.98) 26.4 (4.16) 51

$10,001 to $15,000...................................................... 27.6 (2.00) 40.0 (2.33) 26.1 (1.95) 6.3 (1.10) 33.4 (3.49) 35.1 (2.85) 23.9 (2.67) 7.5 (1.44) 34.7 (3.80) 38

$15,001 to $20,000...................................................... 32.7 (2.34) 38.4 (1.99) 21.6 (1.81) 7.3 (1.35) 34.6 (2.28) 41.1 (2.41) 18.8 (2.00) 5.4 (1.26) 30.0 (4.45) 35$20,001 to $25,000...................................................... 34.4 (1.92) 40.8 (2.19) 20.6 (1.77) 4.2 (0.88) 33.5 (2.51) 42.1 (2.93) 19.8 (1.99) 4.7 (0.96) 32.3 (3.13) 39$25,001 to $30,000...................................................... 33.0 (1.88) 42.0 (2.05) 19.8 (1.41) 5.2 (0.76) 34.5 (2.67) 42.6 (3.13) 17.9 (1.92) 5.0 (1.21) 38.5 (4.05) 39$30,001 to $35,000...................................................... 40.0 (1.88) 38.0 (1.66) 18.1 (1.44) 3.9 (0.69) 35.1 (2.76) 43.1 (2.57) 16.9 (1.84) 5.0 (1.09) 44.2 (3.61) 32$35,001 to $40,000...................................................... 40.4 (1.70) 37.3 (1.69) 19.4 (1.22) 2.8 (0.65) 39.6 (3.20) 37.8 (2.79) 19.1 (1.78) 3.6 (0.93) 37.6 (3.35) 36$40,001 to $50,000...................................................... 43.2 (1.49) 36.0 (1.51) 16.8 (1.09) 4.0 (0.57) 43.9 (2.06) 35.8 (1.95) 15.8 (1.51) 4.4 (0.75) 37.9 (2.57) 39$50,001 to $75,000...................................................... 50.2 (1.05) 32.7 (1.04) 14.9 (0.86) 2.2 (0.34) 48.0 (1.29) 35.0 (1.22) 14.0 (0.81) 3.0 (0.45) 53.0 (1.50) 33Over $75,000 ............................................................... 51.0 (1.58) 36.8 (1.55) 10.9 (0.93) 1.3 (0.31) 54.0 (1.19) 33.8 (1.18) 11.0 (0.78) 1.2 (0.19) 59.4 (1.13) 31

Child attending public school........................................... 38.2 (0.54) 37.9 (0.56) 19.3 (0.44) 4.6 (0.23) 41.8 (0.64) 37.5 (0.62) 16.8 (0.57) 3.8 (0.26) 45.5 (0.80) 35

Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8).......................... 43.2 (0.75) 36.6 (0.69) 16.3 (0.55) 3.9 (0.26) 46.1 (0.80) 35.9 (0.84) 14.6 (0.74) 3.4 (0.32) 50.0 (0.99) 33

Secondary (grades 9 to 12) ......................................... 29.6 (0.89) 40.2 (1.00) 24.5 (0.89) 5.7 (0.46) 34.6 (0.96) 40.2 (0.97) 20.6 (0.94) 4.6 (0.46) 38.6 (1.36) 39

Child attending private school ......................................... 50.6 (1.64) 36.3 (1.58) 11.9 (0.96) 1.3 ! (0.40) 57.6 (1.72) 33.0 (1.68) 8.1 (0.91) 1.3 ! (0.45) 60.6 (2.79) 30

Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8).......................... 55.5 (2.02) 35.5 (1.90) 7.5 (0.86) 1.4 ! (0.57) 61.6 (2.39) 30.3 (2.28) 7.3 (1.03) 0.8 ! (0.28) 66.1 (3.73) 26

Secondary (grades 9 to 12) ......................................... 40.9 (2.89) 37.7 (2.39) 20.4 (2.29) 1.0 ! (0.44) 48.8 (3.22) 38.9 (2.94) 10.0 (1.77) 2.3 ! (1.30) 51.2 (3.91) 37
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Coursetaking Table 157. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in various subject fields, by selected student characteristics: Selected yeaGraduation year and selected student characteristic Total English

History/

social studies

Mathematics Science

Foreign

languages A

Total

Less

than algebra

Algebra

or higher Total

General

science Biology Chemistry Physics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 

1982 graduates........... 21.58 (0.090) 3.93 (0.022) 3.16 (0.028) 2.63 (0.022) 0.90 (0.021) 1.74 (0.028) 2.20 (0.025) 0.73 (0.016) 0.94 (0.014) 0.34 (0.010) 0.17 (0.008) 0.99 (0.029) 1.47 (0.0

Sex

Male ................................. 21.40 (0.108) 3.88 (0.026) 3.16 (0.034) 2.71 (0.030) 0.94 (0.026) 1.77 (0.039) 2.27 (0.031) 0.76 (0.018) 0.91 (0.016) 0.36 (0.014) 0.23 (0.012) 0.80 (0.030) 1.29 (0.

Female ............................. 21.75 (0.101) 3.98 (0.026) 3.15 (0.029) 2.57 (0.024) 0.86 (0.025) 1.71 (0.032) 2.13 (0.029) 0.71 (0.017) 0.97 (0.017) 0.33 (0.013) 0.12 (0.008) 1.17 (0.036) 1.63 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 21.69 (0.107) 3.90 (0.025) 3.19 (0.032) 2.68 (0.026) 0.77 (0.023) 1.91 (0.032) 2.27 (0.029) 0.73 (0.017) 0.97 (0.015) 0.38 (0.013) 0.20 (0.010) 1.06 (0.033) 1.53 (0.

Black ................................ 21.15 (0.169) 4.08 (0.050) 3.08 (0.054) 2.61 (0.043) 1.36 (0.053) 1.25 (0.066) 2.06 (0.049) 0.81 (0.033) 0.90 (0.033) 0.26 (0.023) 0.09 (0.011) 0.72 (0.067) 1.26 (0.Hispanic ........................... 21.23 (0.122) 3.94 (0.037) 3.00 (0.037) 2.33 (0.040) 1.21 (0.037) 1.12 (0.047) 1.80 (0.038) 0.75 (0.026) 0.81 (0.025) 0.16 (0.012) 0.07 (0.007) 0.77 (0.042) 1.29 (0.Asian/Pacific Islander....... 22.46 (0.216) 4.01 (0.091) 3.16 (0.094) 3.15 (0.095) 0.71 (0.083) 2.44 (0.132) 2.64 (0.125) 0.51 (0.061) 1.11 (0.048) 0.61 (0.046) 0.42 (0.048) 1.79 (0.105) 1.31 (0.American Indian/Alaska 

Native ........................ 21.45 (0.330) 3.98 (0.114) 3.25 (0.207) 2.35 (0.129) 1.23 (0.148) 1.12 (0.213) 2.04 (0.090) 0.67 (0.087) 0.84 (0.124) 0.42 (0.087) 0.12 (0.039) 0.48 (0.117) 1.72 (0.

Academic track

Academic4 ........................ 21.75 (0.092) 4.11 (0.026) 3.32 (0.032) 3.04 (0.024) 0.73 (0.027) 2.30 (0.037) 2.65 (0.032) 0.73 (0.018) 1.13 (0.017) 0.53 (0.016) 0.26 (0.012) 1.54 (0.042) 1.91 (0.

Career/technical5 ............. 20.21 (0.090) 3.44 (0.035) 2.63 (0.032) 1.80 (0.032) 1.09 (0.036) 0.71 (0.030) 1.32 (0.026) 0.69 (0.023) 0.57 (0.021) 0.04 (0.006) 0.02 (0.006) 0.18 (0.015) 0.59 (0.

Both6 ................................ 22.89 (0.196) 4.04 (0.037) 3.33 (0.046) 2.69 (0.041) 1.02 (0.036) 1.67 (0.054) 2.17 (0.037) 0.79 (0.023) 0.94 (0.019) 0.29 (0.018) 0.14 (0.015) 0.75 (0.036) 1.41 (0.

Neither7 ............................ 18.73 (0.141) 3.58 (0.054) 2.70 (0.054) 1.73 (0.045) 1.08 (0.055) 0.65 (0.060) 1.33 (0.051) 0.69 (0.037) 0.59 (0.035) 0.03 (0.008) 0.02 (0.007) 0.22 (0.027) 0.85 (0.

1987 graduates........... 23.00 (0.157) 4.12 (0.022) 3.32 (0.037) 3.01 (0.029) 0.86 (0.030) 2.14 (0.042) 2.55 (0.046) 0.76 (0.033) 1.10 (0.020) 0.47 (0.015) 0.21 (0.011) 1.35 (0.049) 1.44 (0.0

Sex

Male ................................. 22.88 (0.162) 4.08 (0.021) 3.29 (0.037) 3.05 (0.029) 0.91 (0.032) 2.14 (0.045) 2.59 (0.049) 0.79 (0.032) 1.05 (0.021) 0.47 (0.016) 0.26 (0.013) 1.16 (0.051) 1.24 (0.

Female ............................. 23.12 (0.156) 4.15 (0.026) 3.35 (0.041) 2.96 (0.030) 0.82 (0.032) 2.15 (0.045) 2.52 (0.048) 0.74 (0.035) 1.14 (0.022) 0.47 (0.017) 0.17 (0.012) 1.53 (0.051) 1.63 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 23.11 (0.189) 4.08 (0.028) 3.29 (0.045) 3.01 (0.034) 0.74 (0.031) 2.27 (0.050) 2.61 (0.058) 0.75 (0.040) 1.12 (0.025) 0.50 (0.020) 0.23 (0.012) 1.38 (0.055) 1.50 (0.

Black ................................ 22.40 (0.251) 4.22 (0.038) 3.34 (0.073) 2.99 (0.060) 1.40 (0.074) 1.59 (0.054) 2.33 (0.060) 0.90 (0.051) 1.01 (0.036) 0.31 (0.021) 0.10 (0.012) 1.08 (0.094) 1.20 (0.Hispanic ........................... 22.84 (0.162) 4.30 (0.055) 3.22 (0.061) 2.81 (0.056) 1.30 (0.049) 1.50 (0.039) 2.24 (0.045) 0.78 (0.028) 1.07 (0.028) 0.29 (0.015) 0.10 (0.013) 1.25 (0.071) 1.34 (0.Asian/Pacific Islander....... 24.47 (0.332) 4.37 (0.076) 3.65 (0.163) 3.71 (0.094) 0.53 (0.072) 3.18 (0.143) 3.14 (0.116) 0.59 (0.048) 1.17 (0.027) 0.87 (0.069) 0.50 (0.045) 2.07 (0.105) 1.18 (0.American Indian/Alaska 

Native ........................ 23.23 (0.153) 4.22 (0.033) 3.18 (0.044) 2.98 (0.113) 1.35 (0.145) 1.63 (0.097) 2.44 (0.104) 0.81 (0.041) 1.22 (0.073) 0.32 (0.035) 0.09 (0.027) 0.75 (0.138) 1.68 (0.

Academic track

Academic4 ........................ 23.20 (0.153) 4.26 (0.029) 3.55 (0.045) 3.33 (0.031) 0.65 (0.034) 2.68 (0.051) 2.97 (0.053) 0.73 (0.031) 1.23 (0.024) 0.68 (0.022) 0.32 (0.014) 1.92 (0.066) 1.87 (0.

Career/technical5 ............. 21.07 (0.161) 3.62 (0.032) 2.59 (0.040) 2.00 (0.029) 1.29 (0.051) 0.71 (0.041) 1.48 (0.047) 0.74 (0.053) 0.70 (0.037) 0.03 (0.006) 0.01 (0.003) 0.18 (0.024) 0.47 (0.

Both6 ................................ 23.53 (0.179) 4.11 (0.025) 3.29 (0.031) 2.93 (0.026) 0.97 (0.045) 1.96 (0.056) 2.37 (0.051) 0.81 (0.038) 1.07 (0.028) 0.35 (0.016) 0.14 (0.011) 1.01 (0.043) 1.20 (0.

Neither7 ............................ 19.56 (0.199) 3.55 (0.050) 2.45 (0.071) 2.11 (0.082) 1.62 (0.100) 0.49 (0.094) 1.47 (0.046) 0.84 (0.075) 0.59 (0.051) 0.03 (0.011) 0.00 (0.004) 0.18 (0.040) 0.76 (0.

1990 graduates........... 23.53 (0.127) 4.19 (0.034) 3.47 (0.040) 3.15 (0.028) 0.90 (0.032) 2.25 (0.040) 2.75 (0.028) 0.85 (0.026) 1.14 (0.019) 0.53 (0.014) 0.23 (0.010) 1.54 (0.041) 1.55 (0.0

Sex

Male ................................. 23.35 (0.130) 4.13 (0.035) 3.45 (0.041) 3.16 (0.028) 0.96 (0.038) 2.20 (0.048) 2.78 (0.033) 0.88 (0.027) 1.11 (0.021) 0.52 (0.017) 0.28 (0.012) 1.33 (0.040) 1.31 (0.

Female ............................. 23.69 (0.132) 4.25 (0.036) 3.50 (0.041) 3.14 (0.033) 0.85 (0.032) 2.29 (0.039) 2.73 (0.027) 0.83 (0.027) 1.17 (0.019) 0.53 (0.014) 0.19 (0.010) 1.72 (0.045) 1.76 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 23.54 (0.133) 4.12 (0.036) 3.46 (0.045) 3.13 (0.032) 0.80 (0.033) 2.33 (0.041) 2.80 (0.033) 0.84 (0.022) 1.15 (0.020) 0.55 (0.016) 0.25 (0.011) 1.58 (0.049) 1.61 (0.

Black ................................ 23.40 (0.255) 4.34 (0.044) 3.49 (0.058) 3.20 (0.064) 1.25 (0.059) 1.95 (0.071) 2.68 (0.061) 0.98 (0.068) 1.11 (0.042) 0.42 (0.024) 0.16 (0.020) 1.20 (0.075) 1.34 (0.Hispanic ........................... 23.83 (0.210) 4.51 (0.139) 3.42 (0.071) 3.13 (0.058) 1.30 (0.076) 1.83 (0.090) 2.50 (0.046) 0.83 (0.041) 1.10 (0.034) 0.42 (0.034) 0.14 (0.016) 1.57 (0.060) 1.48 (0.Asian/Pacific Islander....... 24.07 (0.236) 4.50 (0.117) 3.70 (0.126) 3.52 (0.060) 0.70 (0.121) 2.82 (0.159) 2.97 (0.114) 0.68 (0.080) 1.12 (0.085) 0.74 (0.057) 0.42 (0.047) 2.06 (0.150) 1.29 (0.American Indian/Alaska 

Native ........................ 22.64 (0.267) 4.08 (0.092) 3.34 (0.083) 3.04 (0.152) 1.03 (0.084) 2.01 (0.143) 2.48 (0.175) 0.83 (0.090) 1.09 (0.090) 0.42 (0.072) 0.15 (0.039) 1.15 (0.188) 1.11 (0.

Academic track

Academic4 ........................ 23.53 (0.137) 4.30 (0.044) 3.65 (0.047) 3.37 (0.025) 0.68 (0.031) 2.70 (0.038) 3.06 (0.033) 0.81 (0.033) 1.23 (0.021) 0.70 (0.018) 0.32 (0.012) 2.02 (0.046) 1.93 (0.

Career/technical5 ............. 21.73 (0.244) 3.60 (0.063) 2.58 (0.063) 2.07 (0.054) 1.54 (0.080) 0.53 (0.045) 1.62 (0.047) 0.87 (0.031) 0.71 (0.040) 0.03 (0.008) 0.01 (0.004) 0.17 (0.029) 0.42 (0.

Both6 ................................ 23.92 (0.128) 4.14 (0.026) 3.38 (0.038) 3.02 (0.031) 1.12 (0.037) 1.90 (0.044) 2.51 (0.031) 0.92 (0.024) 1.09 (0.024) 0.36 (0.015) 0.14 (0.010) 1.07 (0.040) 1.17 (0.

Neither7 ............................ 19.81 (0.564) 3.63 (0.153) 2.59 (0.076) 2.01 (0.139) 1.57 (0.176) 0.44 (0.072) 1.47 (0.085) 0.79 (0.080) 0.60 (0.090) 0.04 (0.020) 0.03 (0.018) 0.21 (0.060) 0.79 (0.2

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1994 graduates........... 24.17 (0.144) 4.29 (0.028) 3.55 (0.041) 3.33 (0.021) 0.76 (0.029) 2.57 (0.036) 3.04 (0.028) 0.88 (0.024) 1.26 (0.018) 0.62 (0.013) 0.28 (0.011) 1.71 (0.033) 1.66 (0.0

Sex

Male ................................. 23.79 (0.146) 4.26 (0.028) 3.51 (0.041) 3.32 (0.022) 0.85 (0.032) 2.48 (0.038) 3.03 (0.030) 0.91 (0.026) 1.20 (0.020) 0.59 (0.015) 0.32 (0.014) 1.49 (0.034) 1.43 (0.

Female ............................. 24.11 (0.147) 4.32 (0.030) 3.59 (0.041) 3.34 (0.023) 0.68 (0.029) 2.66 (0.037) 3.06 (0.028) 0.86 (0.024) 1.31 (0.018) 0.64 (0.014) 0.24 (0.010) 1.93 (0.034) 1.87 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 24.08 (0.183) 4.23 (0.035) 3.56 (0.049) 3.36 (0.023) 0.70 (0.034) 2.66 (0.041) 3.13 (0.032) 0.89 (0.030) 1.29 (0.022) 0.65 (0.014) 0.30 (0.014) 1.76 (0.039) 1.74 (0.

Black ................................ 23.28 (0.132) 4.36 (0.034) 3.51 (0.039) 3.23 (0.030) 1.09 (0.067) 2.14 (0.079) 2.80 (0.042) 0.92 (0.051) 1.21 (0.036) 0.49 (0.028) 0.17 (0.013) 1.35 (0.052) 1.36 (0.Hispanic ........................... 23.71 (0.131) 4.61 (0.075) 3.45 (0.046) 3.28 (0.041) 0.96 (0.030) 2.32 (0.057) 2.69 (0.046) 0.83 (0.058) 1.19 (0.027) 0.49 (0.047) 0.17 (0.021) 1.73 (0.062) 1.51 (0.Asian/Pacific Islander....... 23.84 (0.256) 4.60 (0.091) 3.66 (0.097) 3.66 (0.082) 0.67 (0.113) 2.98 (0.189) 3.35 (0.131) 0.80 (0.034) 1.22 (0.042) 0.81 (0.062) 0.48 (0.058) 2.09 (0.085) 1.32 (0.American Indian/Alaska 

Native ........................ 23.40 (0.541) 4.27 (0.113) 3.57 (0.201) 3.11 (0.038) 0.94 (0.108) 2.17 (0.125) 2.82 (0.073) 0.91 (0.057) 1.28 (0.069) 0.50 (0.065) 0.13 (0.039) 1.30 (0.150) 2.01 (0.

Academic track

Academic4 ........................ 23.86 (0.133) 4.37 (0.034) 3.69 (0.042) 3.52 (0.022) 0.58 (0.030) 2.94 (0.039) 3.32 (0.031) 0.83 (0.027) 1.34 (0.021) 0.77 (0.017) 0.37 (0.014) 2.14 (0.040) 2.05 (0.

Career/technical5 ............. 21.20 (0.252) 3.70 (0.055) 2.49 (0.071) 2.20 (0.052) 1.56 (0.066) 0.64 (0.048) 1.69 (0.064) 0.80 (0.049) 0.83 (0.046) 0.03 (0.006) 0.02 (0.007) 0.14 (0.029) 0.34 (0.

Both6 ................................ 24.41 (0.149) 4.23 (0.029) 3.45 (0.039) 3.17 (0.023) 0.96 (0.039) 2.21 (0.045) 2.78 (0.031) 0.96 (0.026) 1.19 (0.021) 0.45 (0.016) 0.17 (0.010) 1.24 (0.037) 1.21 (0.

Neither7 ............................ 20.56 (0.476) 3.54 (0.130) 2.24 (0.075) 2.25 (0.073) 1.71 (0.121) 0.54 (0.100) 1.53 (0.078) 0.82 (0.076) 0.63 (0.075) 0.05 (0.024) 0.02 (0.011) 0.19 (0.063) 0.56 (0.

1998 graduates........... 25.14 (0.162) 4.25 (0.037) 3.74 (0.038) 3.40 (0.024) 0.67 (0.022) 2.73 (0.034) 3.12 (0.026) 0.89 (0.024) 1.26 (0.021) 0.66 (0.015) 0.31 (0.015) 1.85 (0.039) 1.90 (0.0

Sex

Male ................................. 24.64 (0.162) 4.19 (0.038) 3.68 (0.040) 3.37 (0.024) 0.74 (0.023) 2.64 (0.034) 3.09 (0.028) 0.93 (0.026) 1.20 (0.021) 0.62 (0.014) 0.33 (0.018) 1.62 (0.040) 1.61 (0.

Female ............................. 25.04 (0.166) 4.31 (0.039) 3.80 (0.036) 3.42 (0.025) 0.62 (0.023) 2.80 (0.035) 3.17 (0.029) 0.87 (0.023) 1.32 (0.023) 0.70 (0.018) 0.28 (0.015) 2.06 (0.041) 2.15 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 24.87 (0.178) 4.19 (0.049) 3.77 (0.046) 3.40 (0.028) 0.57 (0.022) 2.84 (0.035) 3.18 (0.028) 0.87 (0.027) 1.28 (0.025) 0.69 (0.017) 0.33 (0.019) 1.90 (0.049) 2.00 (0.

Black ................................ 24.37 (0.250) 4.28 (0.045) 3.69 (0.050) 3.42 (0.042) 0.90 (0.053) 2.53 (0.072) 3.03 (0.064) 0.97 (0.045) 1.24 (0.038) 0.58 (0.025) 0.22 (0.022) 1.58 (0.062) 1.57 (0.Hispanic ........................... 24.69 (0.218) 4.51 (0.055) 3.60 (0.051) 3.28 (0.041) 1.05 (0.055) 2.23 (0.061) 2.81 (0.054) 0.97 (0.042) 1.13 (0.026) 0.50 (0.036) 0.20 (0.020) 1.78 (0.055) 1.78 (0.Asian/Pacific Islander....... 24.67 (0.195) 4.37 (0.068) 3.92 (0.086) 3.62 (0.029) 0.65 (0.134) 2.97 (0.136) 3.43 (0.079) 0.81 (0.041) 1.26 (0.027) 0.83 (0.037) 0.51 (0.036) 2.29 (0.129) 1.52 (0.American Indian/Alaska 

Native ........................ 23.81 (0.350) 4.18 (0.082) 3.67 (0.093) 3.10 (0.081) 0.90 (0.067) 2.20 (0.100) 2.68 (0.081) 0.98 (0.070) 1.07 (0.056) 0.49 (0.038) 0.15 (0.024) 1.45 (0.132) 1.94 (0.

Academic track

Academic4 ........................ 24.61 (0.160) 4.33 (0.034) 3.87 (0.038) 3.54 (0.023) 0.53 (0.024) 3.00 (0.036) 3.34 (0.030) 0.84 (0.028) 1.33 (0.027) 0.78 (0.016) 0.38 (0.020) 2.24 (0.041) 2.41 (0.

Career/technical5 ............. 22.10 (0.299) 3.46 (0.092) 2.55 (0.079) 2.17 (0.076) 1.30 (0.073) 0.87 (0.065) 1.69 (0.087) 1.05 (0.088) 0.59 (0.068) 0.03 (0.007) 0.01 (0.005) 0.14 (0.025) 0.47 (0.

Both6 ................................ 25.38 (0.190) 4.20 (0.045) 3.66 (0.045) 3.30 (0.030) 0.81 (0.027) 2.49 (0.042) 2.94 (0.038) 0.96 (0.030) 1.20 (0.026) 0.54 (0.022) 0.23 (0.016) 1.45 (0.042) 1.31 (0.

Neither7 ............................ 20.39 (0.371) 3.21 (0.146) 2.32 (0.235) 2.19 (0.083) 1.59 (0.137) 0.60 (0.087) 1.58 (0.095) 0.88 (0.089) 0.58 (0.052) 0.04 (0.017) 0.08 (0.031) 0.20 (0.047) 0.55 (0.

2000 graduates........... 26.05 (0.201) 4.39 (0.035) 3.83 (0.033) 3.56 (0.028) 0.61 (0.028) 2.95 (0.038) 3.20 (0.038) 0.85 (0.028) 1.29 (0.028) 0.69 (0.018) 0.36 (0.017) 1.95 (0.044) 2.03 (0.0

Sex

Male ................................. 26.23 (0.206) 4.31 (0.034) 3.76 (0.032) 3.53 (0.031) 0.68 (0.032) 2.86 (0.046) 3.16 (0.039) 0.88 (0.028) 1.20 (0.029) 0.65 (0.017) 0.40 (0.018) 1.71 (0.044) 1.75 (0.

Female ............................. 26.46 (0.203) 4.46 (0.038) 3.89 (0.035) 3.58 (0.028) 0.55 (0.026) 3.03 (0.036) 3.25 (0.040) 0.82 (0.030) 1.36 (0.029) 0.73 (0.020) 0.33 (0.017) 2.18 (0.049) 2.30 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 26.57 (0.252) 4.32 (0.037) 3.86 (0.037) 3.56 (0.031) 0.58 (0.032) 2.98 (0.043) 3.24 (0.038) 0.84 (0.031) 1.30 (0.034) 0.70 (0.020) 0.38 (0.020) 1.98 (0.053) 2.12 (0.

Black ................................ 26.28 (0.242) 4.43 (0.078) 3.75 (0.067) 3.54 (0.042) 0.72 (0.062) 2.82 (0.059) 3.13 (0.058) 0.91 (0.043) 1.26 (0.040) 0.65 (0.027) 0.27 (0.020) 1.70 (0.071) 1.95 (0.Hispanic ........................... 25.91 (0.323) 4.69 (0.106) 3.77 (0.075) 3.42 (0.074) 0.74 (0.051) 2.68 (0.107) 2.87 (0.112) 0.85 (0.046) 1.19 (0.067) 0.58 (0.055) 0.24 (0.026) 1.90 (0.070) 1.77 (0.Asian/Pacific Islander....... 26.66 (0.327) 4.57 (0.069) 3.77 (0.051) 3.96 (0.095) 0.35 (0.035) 3.61 (0.106) 3.71 (0.153) 0.71 (0.082) 1.36 (0.060) 0.96 (0.048) 0.65 (0.037) 2.51 (0.083) 1.79 (0.American Indian/Alaska 

Native ........................ 26.03 (0.315) 4.12 (0.064) 3.75 (0.100) 3.29 (0.083) 0.91 (0.164) 2.38 (0.178) 2.88 (0.112) 0.98 (0.037) 1.25 (0.080) 0.45 (0.044) 0.19 (0.042) 1.40 (0.105) 1.99 (0.2

Academic track

Academic4 ........................ 25.82 (0.186) 4.47 (0.040) 3.93 (0.043) 3.70 (0.034) 0.49 (0.024) 3.21 (0.042) 3.39 (0.042) 0.81 (0.033) 1.35 (0.033) 0.80 (0.023) 0.42 (0.019) 2.32 (0.050) 2.52 (0.

Career/technical5 ............. 24.13 (0.369) 3.33 (0.131) 2.62 (0.121) 2.11 (0.086) 1.28 (0.120) 0.82 (0.100) 1.61 (0.116) 0.84 (0.069) 0.65 (0.091) 0.06 (0.018) 0.05 (0.026) 0.15 (0.042) 0.57 (0.

Both6 ................................ 27.16 (0.248) 4.33 (0.035) 3.76 (0.034) 3.45 (0.032) 0.74 (0.040) 2.71 (0.054) 3.04 (0.047) 0.89 (0.031) 1.24 (0.033) 0.59 (0.024) 0.30 (0.024) 1.56 (0.049) 1.47 (0.

Neither7 ............................ 22.41 (0.500) 3.50 (0.088) 1.86 (0.142) 2.27 (0.088) 1.76 (0.141) 0.51 (0.101) 1.59 (0.099) 1.04 (0.097) 0.48 (0.082) 0.04 (0.018) 0.02 (0.011) 0.20 (0.056) 0.93 (0.

See notes at end of table.

Table 157. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in various subject fields, by selected student characteristics: Selected yeaGraduation year and selected student characteristic Total English

History/

social studies

Mathematics Science

Foreign

languages A

Total

Less

than algebra

Algebra

or higher Total

General

science Biology Chemistry Physics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes general labor market preparation, consumer and homemaking education, and occupational education in agriculture, business, marketing, health, occupational home economics, trade and industry, and technical courses.2Includes general skills, personal health and physical education, religion, military sciences, special education, and other courses notincluded in other subject fields.3Though shown separately here, computer-related courses are also included in the mathematics and career/technical categories.4Includes students who complete at least 12 Carnegie units in academic courses, but less than 3 Carnegie units in any occupationaleducation field.5Includes students who complete at least 3 Carnegie units in an occupational education field, but less than 12 Carnegie units in academic courses.

6Includes students who complete at least 12 Carnegie units in academic courses education field. 7Includes students who complete less than 12 Carnegie units in academic courses 

education field. NOTE: The Carnegie unit is a standard of measurement that represents one credslightly from figures appearing in other NCES reports because of differences in taxries exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because oSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistic1980 Sophomores (HS&B-So:80/82), "High School Transcript Study"; and 1987Transcript Study (HSTS). (This table was prepared January 2007.)

2005 graduates........... 26.68 (0.100) 4.42 (0.022) 3.98 (0.025) 3.67 (0.016) 0.49 (0.015) 3.19 (0.020) 3.34 (0.019) 0.95 (0.019) 1.28 (0.016) 0.74 (0.010) 0.35 (0.011) 1.97 (0.024) 2.05 (0.0

Sex

Male ................................. 26.50 (0.104) 4.36 (0.025) 3.91 (0.028) 3.65 (0.020 0.54 (0.016) 3.10 (0.024) 3.29 (0.023) 0.97 (0.019) 1.19 (0.016) 0.70 (0.011) 0.39 (0.013) 1.76 (0.026) 1.71 (0.

Female ............................. 26.84 (0.103) 4.48 (0.021) 4.05 (0.025) 3.70 (0.016) 0.44 (0.016) 3.26 (0.021) 3.40 (0.020) 0.92 (0.020) 1.37 (0.017) 0.78 (0.011) 0.32 (0.012) 2.16 (0.025) 2.38 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White................................ 26.87 (0.125) 4.32 (0.029) 4.02 (0.030) 3.69 (0.021) 0.44 (0.017) 3.24 (0.026) 3.43 (0.021) 0.96 (0.022) 1.31 (0.018) 0.76 (0.013) 0.38 (0.012) 2.01 (0.027) 2.17 (0.

Black ................................ 26.57 (0.150) 4.54 (0.028) 3.98 (0.045) 3.71 (0.032) 0.63 (0.034) 3.08 (0.047) 3.21 (0.036) 0.99 (0.037) 1.27 (0.025) 0.68 (0.017) 0.27 (0.025) 1.71 (0.040) 1.77 (0.Hispanic ........................... 25.91 (0.142) 4.80 (0.037) 3.75 (0.039) 3.49 (0.032) 0.65 (0.034) 2.83 (0.034) 2.92 (0.035) 0.92 (0.031) 1.11 (0.020) 0.63 (0.022) 0.24 (0.017) 1.88 (0.035) 1.78 (0.Asian/Pacific Islander....... 26.32 (0.189) 4.51 (0.057) 3.94 (0.042) 3.90 (0.004) 0.27 (0.025) 3.62 (0.041) 3.63 (0.057) 0.74 (0.060) 1.31 (0.035) 0.97 (0.027) 0.56 (0.032) 2.43 (0.068) 1.80 (0.American Indian/Alaska 

Native ........................ 26.48 (0.443) 4.44 (0.098) 4.06 (0.129) 3.53 (0.141) 0.69 (0.087) 2.84 (0.182) 3.02 (0.072) 1.04 (0.060) 1.28 (0.063) 0.52 (0.052) 0.17 (0.036) 1.44 (0.105) 2.44 (0.

Other................................ 26.09 (0.374) 4.39 (0.095) 3.87 (0.066) 3.72 (0.087) 0.26 (0.043) 3.46 (0.099) 3.50 (0.083) 0.93 (0.057) 1.35 (0.060) 0.81 (0.049) 0.37 (0.047) 2.31 (0.088) 2.12 (0.2

Academic track

Academic4 ........................ 26.53 (0.092) 4.48 (0.024) 4.09 (0.026) 3.78 (0.017) 0.42 (0.014) 3.36 (0.021) 3.50 (0.021) 0.92 (0.017) 1.35 (0.018) 0.82 (0.010) 0.40 (0.012) 2.20 (0.024) 2.29 (0.

Career/technical5 ............. 24.01 (0.288) 3.56 (0.064) 2.78 (0.051) 2.42 (0.041) 0.96 (0.062) 1.45 (0.074) 1.87 (0.045) 0.90 (0.057) 0.75 (0.037) 0.16 (0.037) 0.05 (0.021) 0.50 (0.052) 1.32 (0.

Both6 ................................ 27.93 (0.132) 4.36 (0.024) 3.90 (0.032) 3.63 (0.021) 0.61 (0.026) 3.02 (0.029) 3.17 (0.027) 1.06 (0.030) 1.19 (0.018) 0.62 (0.015) 0.29 (0.016) 1.51 (0.030) 1.34 (0.

Neither7 ............................ 22.73 (0.213) 4.08 (0.095) 2.92 (0.044) 2.44 (0.045) 0.87 (0.057) 1.57 (0.056) 2.01 (0.033) 0.84 (0.045) 0.85 (0.033) 0.21 (0.037) 0.09 (0.021) 1.02 (0.051) 2.35 (0.

Table 157. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in various subject fields, by selected student characteristics: Selected yeaGraduation year and selected student characteristic Total English

History/

social studies

Mathematics Science

Foreign

languages A

Total

Less

than algebra

Algebra

or higher Total

General

science Biology Chemistry Physics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 158. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in career/technical education courses, by selected student characteristics: Selected Graduation year and selected student characteristic Total

General

labor market

preparation

Consumer and

homemaking

education

Occupational education field

Total1 Agriculture Business Marketing Health

Occupational

home economics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

1982 graduates....................... 4.62 (0.061) 0.94 (0.018) 0.68 (0.020) 3.00 (0.052) 0.22 (0.018) 1.03 (0.027) 0.16 (0.011) 0.05 (0.005) 0.11 (0.007) 1.04 

Sex

Male ............................................. 4.60 (0.076) 0.93 (0.026) 0.30 (0.014) 3.36 (0.071) 0.36 (0.033) 0.47 (0.020) 0.14 (0.013) 0.02 (0.004) 0.06 (0.006) 1.96 Female......................................... 4.64 (0.072) 0.95 (0.020) 1.03 (0.031) 2.67 (0.056) 0.08 (0.010) 1.55 (0.043) 0.18 (0.015) 0.08 (0.009) 0.15 (0.012) 0.20 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................ 4.53 (0.071) 0.92 (0.021) 0.63 (0.023) 2.97 (0.059) 0.24 (0.021) 1.06 (0.032) 0.15 (0.012) 0.04 (0.005) 0.10 (0.008) 0.99 

Black ............................................ 4.75 (0.136) 0.97 (0.046) 0.90 (0.053) 2.88 (0.130) 0.09 (0.019) 1.00 (0.071) 0.22 (0.031) 0.11 (0.024) 0.14 (0.024) 0.95 

Hispanic ....................................... 5.22 (0.111) 1.01 (0.036) 0.85 (0.045) 3.36 (0.106) 0.23 (0.034) 1.00 (0.054) 0.17 (0.020) 0.07 (0.021) 0.13 (0.017) 1.38 Asian/Pacific Islander................... 3.34 (0.226) 1.01 (0.129) 0.30 (0.035) 2.03 (0.157) 0.03 (0.015) 0.58 (0.105) 0.04 (0.023) 0.03 (0.013) 0.06 (0.020) 0.88 

American Indian/Alaska Native.... 4.77 (0.233) 0.90 (0.093) 0.47 (0.076) 3.40 (0.257) 0.25 (0.086) 0.74 (0.145) 0.14 (0.045) 0.08 (0.041) 0.06 (0.031) 1.88 

Academic track

Academic2.................................... 2.55 (0.042) 0.84 (0.022) 0.60 (0.025) 1.12 (0.020) 0.04 (0.005) 0.48 (0.017) 0.03 (0.003) 0.02 (0.003) 0.06 (0.006) 0.28 

Career/technical3 ........................... 7.74 (0.082) 1.02 (0.034) 0.78 (0.036) 5.94 (0.084) 0.58 (0.056) 1.68 (0.075) 0.33 (0.032) 0.08 (0.016) 0.17 (0.018) 2.43 

Both4 ............................................ 6.03 (0.091) 0.86 (0.025) 0.57 (0.033) 4.60 (0.066) 0.29 (0.040) 1.66 (0.059) 0.29 (0.027) 0.09 (0.012) 0.15 (0.016) 1.57 

Neither5 ........................................ 5.23 (0.137) 1.92 (0.130) 1.62 (0.089) 1.68 (0.042) 0.11 (0.030) 0.74 (0.050) 0.09 (0.018) 0.05 (0.024) 0.13 (0.027) 0.37 

1987 graduates....................... 4.55 (0.084) 0.83 (0.026) 0.61 (0.032) 3.11 (0.060) 0.19 (0.028) 0.96 (0.037) 0.16 (0.014) 0.08 (0.005) 0.11 (0.008) 0.96 

Sex

Male ............................................. 4.64 (0.089) 0.83 (0.035) 0.33 (0.025) 3.47 (0.065) 0.33 (0.047) 0.56 (0.024) 0.13 (0.014) 0.02 (0.003) 0.08 (0.008) 1.73 

Female......................................... 4.47 (0.094) 0.83 (0.023) 0.86 (0.046) 2.77 (0.067) 0.07 (0.012) 1.34 (0.052) 0.19 (0.019) 0.12 (0.010) 0.14 (0.012) 0.23 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................ 4.65 (0.107) 0.84 (0.030) 0.60 (0.041) 3.20 (0.074) 0.24 (0.039) 0.97 (0.046) 0.16 (0.017) 0.07 (0.005) 0.11 (0.010) 1.00 

Black ............................................ 4.52 (0.130) 0.86 (0.026) 0.73 (0.040) 2.92 (0.113) 0.10 (0.016) 1.00 (0.068) 0.17 (0.021) 0.14 (0.027) 0.14 (0.016) 0.76 

Hispanic ....................................... 4.49 (0.169) 0.93 (0.069) 0.62 (0.062) 2.95 (0.101) 0.06 (0.020) 0.97 (0.090) 0.16 (0.037) 0.08 (0.020) 0.11 (0.017) 1.00 Asian/Pacific Islander................... 3.11 (0.221) 0.63 (0.064) 0.35 (0.062) 2.13 (0.141) 0.01 (0.006) 0.63 (0.088) 0.13 (0.076) 0.09 (0.020) 0.08 (0.017) 0.47 

American Indian/Alaska Native.... 4.92 (0.125) 0.82 (0.048) 0.65 (0.045) 3.45 (0.112) 0.20 (0.036) 1.04 (0.094) 0.08 (0.041) 0.09 (0.021) 0.11 (0.032) 1.32 

Academic track

Academic2.................................... 2.57 (0.071) 0.76 (0.028) 0.57 (0.034) 1.23 (0.027) 0.02 (0.003) 0.45 (0.015) 0.04 (0.005) 0.02 (0.004) 0.04 (0.004) 0.24 

Career/technical3 ........................... 8.07 (0.155) 0.90 (0.038) 0.77 (0.040) 6.39 (0.121) 0.59 (0.087) 1.40 (0.087) 0.38 (0.053) 0.18 (0.037) 0.25 (0.034) 2.60 

Both4 ............................................ 6.09 (0.085) 0.86 (0.039) 0.55 (0.040) 4.69 (0.051) 0.30 (0.057) 1.54 (0.061) 0.27 (0.024) 0.11 (0.011) 0.17 (0.015) 1.43 

Neither5 ........................................ 5.10 (0.233) 1.77 (0.155) 1.72 (0.280) 1.62 (0.052) 0.07 (0.022) 0.60 (0.089) 0.09 (0.036) 0.05 (0.018) 0.11 (0.029) 0.37 

1990 graduates....................... 4.19 (0.079) 0.73 (0.023) 0.57 (0.026) 2.89 (0.065) 0.20 (0.022) 0.88 (0.035) 0.16 (0.012) 0.04 (0.005) 0.10 (0.009) 0.87 

Sex

Male ............................................. 4.32 (0.084) 0.70 (0.025) 0.33 (0.020) 3.28 (0.074) 0.31 (0.039) 0.57 (0.030) 0.14 (0.014) 0.02 (0.004) 0.07 (0.009) 1.59 

Female......................................... 4.08 (0.087) 0.76 (0.025) 0.79 (0.038) 2.53 (0.073) 0.09 (0.015) 1.16 (0.049) 0.18 (0.014) 0.06 (0.009) 0.13 (0.012) 0.22 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................ 4.22 (0.085) 0.71 (0.029) 0.55 (0.030) 2.97 (0.075) 0.24 (0.027) 0.85 (0.033) 0.16 (0.014) 0.04 (0.006) 0.09 (0.009) 0.95 

Black ............................................ 4.41 (0.166) 0.82 (0.035) 0.80 (0.066) 2.79 (0.135) 0.06 (0.010) 1.05 (0.080) 0.17 (0.023) 0.04 (0.014) 0.15 (0.023) 0.64 

Hispanic ....................................... 4.12 (0.150) 0.75 (0.048) 0.53 (0.058) 2.85 (0.126) 0.15 (0.034) 0.93 (0.105) 0.19 (0.026) 0.02 (0.007) 0.11 (0.023) 0.75 Asian/Pacific Islander................... 3.07 (0.337) 0.69 (0.124) 0.31 (0.030) 2.07 (0.201) 0.04 (0.017) 0.65 (0.057) 0.05 (0.013) 0.01 (0.005) 0.03 (0.010) 0.72 

American Indian/Alaska Native.... 4.62 (0.190) 0.74 (0.141) 0.72 (0.123) 3.16 (0.157) 0.36 (0.113) 0.95 (0.091) 0.15 (0.056) 0.02 (0.021) 0.07 (0.041) 0.95 

Academic track

Academic2.................................... 2.41 (0.048) 0.67 (0.022) 0.55 (0.030) 1.19 (0.022) 0.03 (0.004) 0.46 (0.019) 0.04 (0.004) 0.01 (0.003) 0.04 (0.005) 0.22 

Career/technical3 ........................... 8.68 (0.179) 1.00 (0.071) 0.74 (0.051) 6.95 (0.171) 0.86 (0.111) 1.22 (0.089) 0.28 (0.056) 0.10 (0.030) 0.26 (0.052) 3.10 

Both4 ............................................ 6.10 (0.056) 0.72 (0.026) 0.57 (0.030) 4.81 (0.048) 0.35 (0.044) 1.47 (0.062) 0.33 (0.027) 0.08 (0.010) 0.16 (0.014) 1.50 

Neither5 ........................................ 5.81 (0.529) 2.81 (0.570) 1.26 (0.232) 1.74 (0.075) 0.10 (0.040) 0.46 (0.054) 0.04 (0.017) 0.04 (0.023) 0.08 (0.032) 0.54 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1994 graduates....................... 3.96 (0.068) 0.64 (0.021) 0.52 (0.028) 2.79 (0.057) 0.24 (0.023) 0.88 (0.028) 0.18 (0.015) 0.08 (0.007) 0.13 (0.012) 0.70 

Sex

Male ............................................. 4.13 (0.074) 0.70 (0.026) 0.35 (0.026) 3.08 (0.063) 0.37 (0.036) 0.66 (0.023) 0.14 (0.012) 0.03 (0.004) 0.08 (0.008) 1.25 

Female......................................... 3.80 (0.074) 0.58 (0.021) 0.70 (0.035) 2.52 (0.061) 0.11 (0.013) 1.09 (0.039) 0.22 (0.018) 0.12 (0.012) 0.18 (0.017) 0.17 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................ 3.96 (0.080) 0.63 (0.026) 0.51 (0.028) 2.81 (0.067) 0.27 (0.031) 0.87 (0.031) 0.19 (0.018) 0.08 (0.009) 0.11 (0.012) 0.72 

Black ............................................ 4.29 (0.121) 0.72 (0.050) 0.62 (0.036) 2.94 (0.097) 0.13 (0.028) 1.01 (0.050) 0.20 (0.029) 0.11 (0.020) 0.23 (0.023) 0.60 

Hispanic ....................................... 3.87 (0.124) 0.64 (0.037) 0.48 (0.027) 2.75 (0.123) 0.13 (0.022) 0.93 (0.064) 0.15 (0.018) 0.07 (0.011) 0.14 (0.026) 0.65 Asian/Pacific Islander................... 3.01 (0.236) 0.51 (0.043) 0.36 (0.057) 2.13 (0.151) 0.14 (0.053) 0.70 (0.046) 0.11 (0.017) 0.06 (0.009) 0.10 (0.028) 0.50 

American Indian/Alaska Native.... 4.26 (0.256) 0.80 (0.104) 0.62 (0.091) 2.84 (0.183) 0.36 (0.147) 0.89 (0.197) 0.05 (0.024) 0.15 (0.071) 0.14 (0.044) 0.57 

Academic track

Academic2.................................... 2.28 (0.045) 0.58 (0.022) 0.49 (0.033) 1.21 (0.020) 0.04 (0.003) 0.51 (0.018) 0.05 (0.005) 0.03 (0.004) 0.05 (0.006) 0.20 

Career/technical3 ........................... 8.64 (0.214) 1.00 (0.077) 0.78 (0.083) 6.86 (0.237) 0.90 (0.119) 1.17 (0.124) 0.34 (0.068) 0.08 (0.023) 0.26 (0.053) 2.89 

Both4 ............................................ 6.01 (0.059) 0.66 (0.027) 0.54 (0.031) 4.81 (0.042) 0.48 (0.047) 1.41 (0.042) 0.37 (0.031) 0.16 (0.015) 0.23 (0.022) 1.25 

Neither5 ........................................ 6.51 (0.347) 3.91 (0.432) 1.08 (0.157) 1.52 (0.097) 0.05 (0.015) 0.48 (0.092) 0.08 (0.030) 0.02 (0.015) 0.07 (0.026) 0.46 

1998 graduates....................... 3.99 (0.098) 0.61 (0.028) 0.51 (0.034) 2.87 (0.074) 0.20 (0.031) 0.70 (0.032) 0.16 (0.014) 0.14 (0.030) 0.16 (0.013) 0.78 

Sex

Male ............................................. 4.25 (0.099) 0.67 (0.028) 0.35 (0.029) 3.23 (0.085) 0.27 (0.039) 0.59 (0.029) 0.15 (0.012) 0.06 (0.019) 0.10 (0.011) 1.37 

Female......................................... 3.77 (0.114) 0.57 (0.032) 0.66 (0.041) 2.54 (0.080) 0.14 (0.026) 0.80 (0.038) 0.18 (0.018) 0.22 (0.041) 0.21 (0.019) 0.23 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................ 3.97 (0.114) 0.58 (0.031) 0.49 (0.039) 2.90 (0.087) 0.24 (0.039) 0.69 (0.035) 0.15 (0.015) 0.11 (0.016) 0.14 (0.011) 0.83 

Black ............................................ 4.33 (0.149) 0.70 (0.037) 0.68 (0.062) 2.95 (0.115) 0.09 (0.015) 0.83 (0.072) 0.24 (0.029) 0.29 (0.098) 0.23 (0.048) 0.56 

Hispanic ....................................... 3.97 (0.121) 0.66 (0.048) 0.49 (0.060) 2.82 (0.104) 0.16 (0.043) 0.64 (0.052) 0.18 (0.021) 0.16 (0.070) 0.17 (0.025) 0.75 Asian/Pacific Islander................... 3.15 (0.222) 0.58 (0.107) 0.27 (0.033) 2.30 (0.119) 0.09 (0.033) 0.64 (0.040) 0.13 (0.017) 0.15 (0.082) 0.14 (0.021) 0.57 

American Indian/Alaska Native.... 4.02 (0.164) 0.54 (0.063) 0.55 (0.083) 2.92 (0.162) 0.19 (0.041) 0.70 (0.084) 0.14 (0.035) 0.06 (0.035) 0.14 (0.044) 0.98 

Academic track

Academic2.................................... 2.22 (0.061) 0.54 (0.028) 0.49 (0.032) 1.19 (0.027) 0.03 (0.004) 0.41 (0.023) 0.05 (0.006) 0.03 (0.004) 0.07 (0.007) 0.22 

Career/technical3 ........................... 9.12 (0.239) 1.40 (0.180) 0.75 (0.117) 6.97 (0.166) 0.62 (0.123) 0.64 (0.061) 0.29 (0.058) 0.11 (0.032) 0.36 (0.079) 3.36 

Both4 ............................................ 6.06 (0.083) 0.62 (0.032) 0.52 (0.041) 4.92 (0.060) 0.41 (0.067) 1.10 (0.049) 0.31 (0.028) 0.29 (0.067) 0.27 (0.027) 1.39 

Neither5 ........................................ 5.64 (0.598) 2.91 (0.592) 1.20 (0.119) 1.53 (0.144) 0.10 (0.031) 0.43 (0.063) 0.06 (0.024) 0.02 (0.014) 0.07 (0.025) 0.31 

2000 graduates....................... 4.21 (0.123) 0.69 (0.035) 0.49 (0.023) 3.03 (0.106) 0.25 (0.029) 0.74 (0.040) 0.16 (0.013) 0.13 (0.018) 0.17 (0.016) 0.80 

Sex

Male ............................................. 4.85 (0.154) 0.76 (0.042) 0.33 (0.018) 3.76 (0.135) 0.34 (0.041) 0.65 (0.040) 0.14 (0.013) 0.06 (0.012) 0.12 (0.012) 1.38 

Female......................................... 3.99 (0.104) 0.61 (0.032) 0.64 (0.032) 2.74 (0.086) 0.16 (0.022) 0.83 (0.043) 0.17 (0.015) 0.20 (0.025) 0.23 (0.021) 0.25 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................ 4.59 (0.164) 0.69 (0.045) 0.49 (0.026) 3.41 (0.137) 0.31 (0.039) 0.73 (0.048) 0.14 (0.015) 0.12 (0.016) 0.18 (0.018) 0.90 

Black ............................................ 4.54 (0.173) 0.77 (0.049) 0.67 (0.052) 3.10 (0.125) 0.12 (0.027) 0.88 (0.063) 0.22 (0.034) 0.15 (0.022) 0.16 (0.024) 0.51 

Hispanic ....................................... 4.16 (0.124) 0.67 (0.054) 0.37 (0.038) 3.12 (0.148) 0.14 (0.021) 0.75 (0.067) 0.18 (0.032) 0.23 (0.101) 0.19 (0.030) 0.65 Asian/Pacific Islander................... 3.13 (0.160) 0.45 (0.055) 0.25 (0.033) 2.42 (0.146) 0.06 (0.014) 0.50 (0.051) 0.10 (0.031) 0.14 (0.038) 0.09 (0.018) 0.43 

American Indian/Alaska Native.... 5.51 (0.429) 0.75 (0.117) 0.68 (0.081) 4.08 (0.394) 0.37 (0.131) 0.72 (0.086) 0.14 (0.037) 0.07 (0.025) 0.23 (0.115) 0.99 

Academic track

Academic2.................................... 2.35 (0.049) 0.61 (0.031) 0.47 (0.021) 1.28 (0.024) 0.03 (0.004) 0.39 (0.021) 0.03 (0.004) 0.03 (0.005) 0.08 (0.009) 0.21 

Career/technical3 ........................... 10.56 (0.337) 1.24 (0.272) 0.59 (0.070) 8.73 (0.365) 0.79 (0.149) 0.63 (0.117) 0.27 (0.064) 0.12 (0.050) 0.35 (0.086) 4.06 

Both4 ............................................ 6.84 (0.170) 0.75 (0.053) 0.50 (0.031) 5.59 (0.132) 0.51 (0.058) 1.20 (0.066) 0.31 (0.025) 0.27 (0.041) 0.29 (0.029) 1.43 

Neither5 ........................................ 5.82 (0.443) 2.83 (0.297) 1.36 (0.331) 1.62 (0.100) 0.05 (0.023) 0.13 (0.032) 0.05 (0.034) 0.04 (0.030) 0.19 (0.053) 0.40 

See notes at end of table.

Table 158. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in career/technical education courses, by selected student characteristics: Selected Graduation year and selected student characteristic Total

General

labor market

preparation

Consumer and

homemaking

education

Occupational education field

Total1 Agriculture Business Marketing Health

Occupational

home economics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 #Rounds to zero.

1Includes unclassified courses not shown separately. 2Includes students who complete at least 12 Carnegie units in academic courses, but less than 3 Carnegie units in any occupational education field.3Includes students who complete at least 3 Carnegie units in an occupational education field, but less than 12 Carnegie unitsin academic courses.4Includes students who complete at least 12 Carnegie units in academic courses and at least 3 Carnegie units in an occupational education field. 5Includes students who complete less than 12 Carnegie units in academic courses and less than 3 Carnegie units in an occupational education field. 

NOTE: The Carnegie unit is a standard of measurement that represents onData differ slightly from figures appearing in other NCES reports because of dteria. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may noerrors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StStudy of 1980 Sophomores (HS&B-So:80/82), "High School Transcript StudyHigh School Transcript Study (HSTS). (This table was prepared January 2007

2005 graduates....................... 4.01 (0.058) 0.46 (0.021) 0.51 (0.015) 3.03 (0.047) 0.23 (0.014) 0.60 (0.016) 0.15 (0.010) 0.15 (0.010) 0.23 (0.012) 0.69 

Sex

Male ............................................. 4.35 (0.059) 0.52 (0.025) 0.34 (0.015) 3.49 (0.051) 0.32 (0.020) 0.58 (0.017) 0.15 (0.011) 0.06 (0.006) 0.16 (0.009) 1.19 

Female......................................... 3.68 (0.068) 0.41 (0.020) 0.68 (0.020) 2.59 (0.053) 0.15 (0.012) 0.62 (0.018) 0.15 (0.010) 0.23 (0.016) 0.30 (0.017) 0.22 

Race/ethnicity

White............................................ 4.12 (0.075) 0.46 (0.024) 0.53 (0.019) 3.13 (0.061) 0.29 (0.017) 0.58 (0.018) 0.15 (0.012) 0.13 (0.011) 0.22 (0.014) 0.78 

Black ............................................ 4.11 (0.111) 0.50 (0.036) 0.60 (0.033) 3.01 (0.079) 0.10 (0.018) 0.76 (0.036) 0.18 (0.015) 0.24 (0.022) 0.27 (0.029) 0.44 

Hispanic ....................................... 3.69 (0.098) 0.45 (0.029) 0.43 (0.026) 2.81 (0.089) 0.14 (0.018) 0.62 (0.033) 0.14 (0.015) 0.15 (0.020) 0.26 (0.029) 0.63 Asian/Pacific Islander................... 2.91 (0.144) 0.33 (0.046) 0.31 (0.029) 2.27 (0.119) 0.06 (0.019) 0.43 (0.038) 0.13 (0.023) 0.10 (0.022) 0.16 (0.019) 0.47 

American Indian/Alaska Native.... 4.20 (0.258) 0.67 (0.170) 0.62 (0.081) 2.91 (0.178) 0.45 (0.129) 0.47 (0.074) 0.08 (0.033) 0.10 (0.029) 0.23 (0.045) 0.57 Other............................................ 2.93 (0.263) 0.32 (0.047) 0.33 (0.044) 2.28 (0.233) 0.13 (0.086) 0.45 (0.098) 0.20 (0.058) 0.05 (0.023) 0.24 (0.070) 0.29 

Academic track

Academic2.................................... 2.92 (0.039) 0.40 (0.021) 0.53 (0.017) 1.99 (0.026) 0.09 (0.005) 0.48 (0.011) 0.09 (0.006) 0.07 (0.005) 0.19 (0.012) 0.31 

Career/technical3 ........................... 8.16 (0.215) 1.07 (0.155) 0.45 (0.044) 6.63 (0.168) 0.93 (0.167) 0.56 (0.066) 0.22 (0.066) 0.20 (0.054) 0.47 (0.081) 3.19 

Both4 ............................................ 7.01 (0.091) 0.56 (0.033) 0.44 (0.019) 6.01 (0.081) 0.61 (0.044) 0.99 (0.038) 0.32 (0.024) 0.40 (0.032) 0.34 (0.029) 1.67 

Neither5 ........................................ 3.86 (0.128) 0.85 (0.084) 0.76 (0.044) 2.24 (0.080) 0.25 (0.044) 0.38 (0.025) 0.14 (0.023) 0.07 (0.013) 0.23 (0.025) 0.49 

Table 158. Average number of Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates in career/technical education courses, by selected student characteristics: Selected Graduation year and selected student characteristic Total

General

labor market

preparation

Consumer and

homemaking

education

Occupational education field

Total1 Agriculture Business Marketing Health

Occupational

home economics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. 1These data only report the percentage of students who earned the indicated credit (0.5 = one semester; 1.0 = one academic year) in each course while in high school and do not count those students who took these courses prior to entering high school. 2Excludes pre-algebra. 3Includes courses where trigonometry or geometry has been combined with algebra II. NOTE: The Carnegie unit is a standard of measurement that represents on

Data differ slightly from figures appearing in other NCES reports because of dteria. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Race cStandard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StStudy of 1980 Sophomores (HS&B-So:80/82), “High School Transcript StudyHigh School Transcript Study (HSTS). (This table was prepared January 2007

Table 159. Percentage of public and private high school graduates taking selected mathematics and science courses in high school, by sex and race/ethnicity: SCourse (Carnegie units) 1982 1987 1990 1994 1998 2000

2005

Total

Sex Rac

Male Female White Black Hispan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 

Mathematics1

Any mathematics (1.0)................... 98.5 (0.21) 98.9 (0.24) 99.9 (0.05) 99.8 (0.05) 99.8 (0.06) 99.8 (0.04) 99.9 (0.02) 99.9 (0.03) 100.0 (†) 99.9 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 99.9 (0.0

Algebra I (1.0)2........................... 55.2 (1.01) 58.8 (1.19) 63.7 (1.54) 65.8 (1.31) 62.8 (1.42) 61.7 (1.66) 62.8 (1.04) 61.5 (1.09) 64.1 (1.13) 60.9 (1.19) 71.8 (1.67) 65.6 (1.7

Geometry (1.0)........................... 47.1 (0.99) 58.6 (0.97) 63.2 (1.38) 70.0 (1.26) 75.1 (1.06) 78.3 (1.09) 83.3 (0.65) 81.4 (0.71) 85.2 (0.68) 83.4 (0.80) 84.7 (1.03) 80.5 (1.1

Algebra II (0.5)3 .......................... 39.9 (0.93) 49.0 (1.69) 52.9 (1.32) 61.1 (1.39) 61.7 (1.77) 67.8 (1.43) 70.3 (1.00) 67.1 (1.11) 73.3 (1.02) 71.2 (1.21) 69.2 (1.64) 62.7 (1.5

Trigonometry (0.5)...................... 8.1 (0.54) 11.5 (1.54) 9.6 (1.07) 11.7 (1.16) 8.9 (1.07) 7.5 (1.31) 8.3 (0.88) 8.1 (0.91) 8.6 (0.91) 9.6 (1.18) 3.9 (0.59) 4.8 (0.8

Analysis/pre-calculus (0.5)......... 6.2 (0.46) 12.8 (0.92) 13.3 (0.95) 17.3 (0.86) 23.1 (1.44) 26.7 (1.40) 29.5 (0.98) 28.0 (1.02) 30.8 (1.05) 32.0 (1.18) 17.9 (1.61) 20.5 (1.4

Statistics/probability (0.5)........... 1.0 (0.16) 1.1 (0.31) 1.0 (0.21) 2.0 (0.33) 3.7 (0.54) 5.7 (0.86) 7.7 (0.53) 7.7 (0.57) 7.8 (0.55) 8.5 (0.65) 5.8 (0.84) 3.4 (0.4

Calculus (1.0)............................. 5.0 (0.43) 6.1 (0.49) 6.5 (0.46) 9.3 (0.56) 11.0 (0.85) 11.6 (0.73) 13.6 (0.53) 14.0 (0.63) 13.2 (0.59) 15.3 (0.62) 5.5 (0.53) 6.3 (0.6

AP calculus (1.0).................... 1.6 (0.26) 3.4 (0.47) 4.1 (0.44) 7.0 (0.53) 6.7 (0.49) 7.9 (0.58) 9.2 (0.44) 9.8 (0.54) 8.7 (0.44) 10.1 (0.52) 2.9 (0.35) 5.0 (0.5

Science1

Any science (1.0)........................... 96.4 (0.39) 97.8 (0.32) 99.3 (0.14) 99.5 (0.07) 99.5 (0.09) 99.5 (0.11) 99.6 (0.09) 99.5 (0.11) 99.6 (0.10) 99.7 (0.07) 99.7 (0.12) 99.1 (0.3

Biology (1.0)............................... 77.4 (0.87) 86.1 (1.01) 90.9 (0.97) 93.2 (0.97) 92.7 (0.67) 91.2 (1.00) 92.3 (0.63) 90.8 (0.71) 93.7 (0.61) 92.6 (0.72) 93.6 (0.59) 89.1 (1.2

AP/honors biology (1.0) ......... 10.0 (0.64) 9.4 (0.72) 10.1 (1.02) 11.9 (0.93) 16.2 (1.31) 16.3 (1.46) 16.0 (0.83) 13.9 (0.81) 18.0 (0.94) 17.0 (0.99) 12.0 (1.37) 11.8 (1.3

Chemistry (1.0) .......................... 32.1 (0.84) 44.2 (1.29) 48.9 (1.23) 55.8 (1.04) 60.4 (1.29) 62.0 (1.47) 66.2 (0.92) 62.5 (1.04) 69.7 (0.99) 67.1 (1.04) 63.6 (1.61) 59.2 (2.1

AP/honors chemistry (1.0) ..... 3.0 (0.33) 3.5 (0.42) 3.5 (0.47) 3.9 (0.53) 4.7 (0.50) 5.8 (0.85) 7.6 (0.53) 7.6 (0.59) 7.6 (0.55) 8.0 (0.58) 4.0 (0.98) 5.7 (0.8

Physics (1.0) .............................. 15.0 (0.62) 20.0 (0.88) 21.5 (0.81) 24.5 (0.87) 28.8 (1.49) 31.4 (1.16) 32.7 (0.92) 34.8 (0.91) 30.8 (1.11) 34.6 (0.88) 25.8 (2.31) 23.3 (1.6

AP/honors physics (1.0) ......... 1.2 (0.17) 1.8 (0.30) 2.0 (0.38) 2.7 (0.34) 3.0 (0.37) 3.9 (0.61) 5.3 (0.33) 6.6 (0.42) 4.1 (0.34) 5.6 (0.41) 2.5 (0.37) 3.4 (0.5

Engineering (1.0) ....................... 1.2 (0.21) 2.6 (0.63) 4.2 (1.01) 4.5 (0.78) 6.7 (1.75) 3.9 (0.91) 4.3 (0.51) 4.6 (0.59) 4.0 (0.47) 4.4 (0.62) 4.8 (0.87) 3.3 (0.5

Astronomy (0.5) ......................... 1.2 (0.24) 1.0 (0.17) 1.2 (0.31) 1.7 (0.50) 1.9 (0.46) 2.8 (0.59) 2.8 (0.37) 2.9 (0.42) 2.7 (0.34) 3.3 (0.47) 1.4 (0.24) 1.2 (0.2

Geology/earth science (0.5) ...... 13.6 (1.04) 13.4 (1.66) 24.7 (2.42) 22.9 (2.41) 20.7 (2.34) 17.4 (1.86) 23.1 (1.48) 23.9 (1.51) 22.4 (1.54) 24.0 (1.86) 24.3 (1.88) 19.6 (1.6Biology and chemistry (2.0) ....... 29.3 (0.83) 41.4 (1.22) 47.5 (1.23) 53.7 (1.20) 59.0 (1.22) 59.4 (1.49) 64.3 (0.97) 60.3 (1.08) 68.0 (1.03) 65.3 (1.10) 62.0 (1.60) 57.2 (2.2

Biology, chemistry, and 

physics (3.0)......................... 11.2 (0.51) 16.5 (0.77) 18.8 (0.70) 21.4 (0.84) 25.4 (1.32) 25.1 (1.09) 27.3 (0.88) 28.2 (0.85) 26.5 (1.10) 29.0 (0.85) 21.3 (2.25) 18.9 (1.6
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.1Advanced courses are defined as those with higher level content or those designated as “advanced,” “honors,” Advanced Placement (AP), or International Baccalaureate (IB). Advanced mathematics includes algebra II and more advanced courses such aspre-calculus/analysis, calculus, trigonometry, and statistics/probability. Advanced science and engineering includes second- and

third-year biology and environmental/earth sciences, chemistry, academic courses applying science and mathematics conceptsand skills to engineering problems, and specialized topics such as aerospace materials and metallurgy.

2School poverty rate is defined as the percentage of students eligible for the natio

= 5 percent or less, low = 6 to 25 percent, medium = 26 to 50 percent, and high = NOTE: The Carnegie unit is a standard of measurement that represents one credegories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity, and Other includes American Inbecause of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistic(NAEP), High School Transcript Study, retrieved April 5, 2010, from STEM 1990–2005, Additional Data Tables (http:\\mprinc.com/products/pdf/stem_tables.p

Table 160. Average number of Carnegie units and percentage distribution of high school graduates by number of units earned in advanced mathematics and ad

courses, by selected student and school characteristics: 1990, 2000, and 2005

Selected student and school characteristic

Advanced1 mathematics courses Advanced1 science and eng

Average

number of

Carnegie units

Percentage distribution of graduates Percentage distribution o

0 units 0.1 to 1.0 units 1.1 to 2.0 units 2.1 to 3.0 units

More than

3.0 units

Average

number of

Carnegie units 0 units 0.1 to 1.0 units 1.1 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

1990 graduates....................................... 0.9 (0.02) 44.1 (1.13) 27.4 (0.72) 20.5 (0.60) 7.2 (0.50) 0.8 (0.12) 1.0 (0.03) 40.6 (1.32) 27.9 (0.91) 19

Sex

Male ............................................................. 0.9 (0.03) 45.5 (1.38) 25.2 (0.88) 20.6 (0.73) 8.0 (0.63) 0.8 (0.14) 1.0 (0.03) 41.3 (1.47) 26.3 (1.03) 20Female......................................................... 0.9 (0.02) 42.8 (1.19) 29.5 (0.81) 20.4 (0.73) 6.6 (0.45) 0.7 (0.13) 1.0 (0.03) 40.1 (1.38) 29.4 (0.97) 19

Race/ethnicity White............................................................ 1.0 (0.02) 40.8 (1.15) 27.6 (0.79) 22.7 (0.63) 8.1 (0.57) 0.8 (0.13) 1.1 (0.03) 37.7 (1.51) 28.2 (1.01) 21

Black ............................................................ 0.6 (0.05) 55.7 (2.78) 27.3 (1.64) 13.2 (1.68) 3.2 (0.53) 0.5 (0.33) 0.8 (0.06) 49.5 (2.93) 28.6 (2.05) 15Hispanic ....................................................... 0.5 (0.04) 59.5 (2.62) 26.2 (2.02) 11.2 (0.96) 2.7 (0.45) 0.3 (0.23) 0.6 (0.05) 56.9 (2.47) 24.4 (2.08) 13Asian/Pacific Islander................................... 1.3 (0.13) 28.9 (6.03) 25.9 (2.17) 28.2 (3.30) 15.9 (2.40) 1.1 (0.54) 1.3 (0.14) 30.3 (5.02) 28.6 (2.62) 24Other............................................................ 0.7 (0.07) 49.0 (4.10) 31.5 (3.40) 14.2 (3.08) 5.3 (2.30) # (†) 0.8 (0.08) 56.3 (3.79) 18.6 (3.02) 13

School poverty rate2 Very low ....................................................... 1.1 (0.04) 32.7 (1.96) 27.9 (1.29) 29.3 (1.36) 9.2 (0.74) 0.9 (0.25) 1.2 (0.07) 32.9 (2.41) 28.3 (1.50) 23

Low .............................................................. 0.9 (0.03) 46.2 (1.53) 27.0 (1.13) 18.4 (0.82) 7.6 (0.86) 0.8 (0.25) 1.0 (0.04) 41.3 (1.69) 27.1 (1.32) 19Medium ........................................................ 0.7 (0.06) 55.3 (2.73) 26.6 (2.10) 12.3 (0.96) 4.9 (1.24) 1.0 (0.66) 0.7 (0.07) 50.5 (3.85) 28.4 (2.91) 14High ............................................................. 0.6 (0.08) 57.8 (4.44) 27.5 (2.46) 13.1 (3.56) 1.4 (0.64) 0.2 (0.15) 0.7 (0.12) 51.2 (7.42) 31.2 (4.77) 13

2000 graduates....................................... 1.4 (0.03) 25.6 (0.90) 30.5 (0.85) 25.4 (0.72) 14.0 (0.65) 4.4 (0.65) 1.5 (0.05) 23.8 (1.25) 28.3 (0.96) 24

Sex

Male ............................................................. 1.3 (0.04) 29.5 (1.02) 29.0 (0.89) 23.1 (0.73) 13.7 (0.75) 4.7 (0.68) 1.5 (0.05) 26.8 (1.39) 27.2 (0.97) 24Female......................................................... 1.4 (0.03) 22.2 (1.05) 31.8 (1.05) 27.5 (1.04) 14.3 (0.68) 4.1 (0.66) 1.6 (0.05) 21.2 (1.31) 29.3 (1.14) 24

Race/ethnicity White............................................................ 1.4 (0.04) 24.6 (0.86) 28.3 (1.01) 27.1 (0.92) 15.0 (0.68) 4.9 (0.88) 1.6 (0.05) 23.0 (1.26) 27.2 (1.06) 24

Black ............................................................ 1.1 (0.05) 29.3 (2.02) 39.7 (1.97) 20.8 (1.23) 8.5 (1.12) 1.7 (0.44) 1.3 (0.07) 25.8 (2.27) 34.7 (1.73) 24Hispanic ....................................................... 1.0 (0.07) 32.5 (4.07) 39.3 (2.46) 19.8 (2.07) 6.5 (0.92) 1.9 (0.44) 1.2 (0.12) 31.3 (4.45) 30.9 (1.72) 23Asian/Pacific Islander................................... 2.0 (0.11) 12.6 (1.52) 19.3 (1.66) 26.3 (2.81) 30.5 (3.14) 11.3 (1.91) 2.3 (0.15) 14.2 (2.13) 19.0 (1.69) 24Other............................................................ 1.3 (0.19) 30.0 (4.31) 25.6 (4.13) 22.6 (3.63) 14.4 (4.09) 7.4 (4.97) 1.5 (0.25) 22.7 (6.43) 32.7 (3.47) 24

School poverty rate2 Very low ....................................................... 1.7 (0.10) 16.1 (2.37) 26.1 (2.19) 32.7 (1.99) 19.2 (2.04) 5.9 (1.68) 1.9 (0.14) 15.8 (3.37) 25.6 (1.49) 28

Low .............................................................. 1.2 (0.05) 29.0 (1.69) 32.5 (1.61) 21.9 (1.22) 13.2 (1.24) 3.4 (0.65) 1.3 (0.07) 28.7 (2.20) 29.0 (2.08) 23Medium ........................................................ 1.2 (0.05) 30.8 (1.73) 30.4 (1.61) 23.4 (1.42) 12.1 (1.04) 3.2 (0.76) 1.5 (0.06) 22.5 (2.40) 32.1 (2.19) 22

High ............................................................. 1.1 (0.08) 28.1 (4.33) 41.5 (3.16) 20.5 (1.75) 8.5 (1.49) 1.4 (0.38) 1.4 (0.13) 25.0 (4.09) 33.3 (1.47) 24

2005 graduates....................................... 1.5 (0.02) 22.0 (0.55) 29.0 (0.66) 27.3 (0.53) 15.2 (0.47) 6.5 (0.50) 1.6 (0.03) 22.7 (0.80) 28.5 (0.71) 24

Sex

Male ............................................................. 1.5 (0.03) 25.0 (0.67) 28.5 (0.64) 25.1 (0.64) 14.6 (0.54) 6.9 (0.53) 1.5 (0.03) 25.7 (0.95) 29.0 (0.77) 22Female......................................................... 1.6 (0.03) 19.1 (0.61) 29.5 (0.84) 29.5 (0.62) 15.8 (0.52) 6.1 (0.53) 1.6 (0.03) 19.8 (0.80) 28.0 (0.79) 26

Race/ethnicity White............................................................ 1.6 (0.02) 20.4 (0.60) 26.7 (0.62) 28.2 (0.64) 17.1 (0.52) 7.6 (0.62) 1.6 (0.03) 21.4 (0.87) 26.7 (0.75) 25

Black ............................................................ 1.2 (0.04) 24.9 (1.37) 37.4 (1.66) 26.7 (1.32) 8.7 (0.95) 2.2 (0.38) 1.4 (0.06) 23.6 (1.37) 33.9 (1.50) 24Hispanic ....................................................... 1.1 (0.03) 32.1 (1.51) 35.8 (1.16) 21.8 (1.05) 8.3 (0.63) 2.1 (0.42) 1.1 (0.05) 33.1 (1.66) 33.8 (1.48) 19Asian/Pacific Islander................................... 2.0 (0.06) 11.9 (1.09) 21.4 (2.05) 29.2 (1.76) 22.9 (1.69) 14.5 (1.52) 2.1 (0.07) 14.6 (1.53) 23.3 (1.83) 26Other............................................................ 1.5 (0.07) 18.9 (2.43) 32.8 (2.93) 30.5 (2.54) 14.5 (2.13) 3.4 (1.13) 1.5 (0.08) 18.2 (2.71) 36.2 (2.66) 24

School poverty rate2 Very low ....................................................... 2.1 (0.13) 11.7 (1.72) 20.1 (1.59) 32.3 (2.83) 21.8 (1.49) 14.2 (3.94) 2.2 (0.15) 13.4 (2.10) 19.4 (2.08) 27

Low .............................................................. 1.5 (0.04) 23.2 (0.90) 26.8 (0.97) 25.6 (0.96) 16.1 (0.81) 8.3 (1.10) 1.6 (0.05) 22.7 (1.48) 27.5 (0.94) 24Medium ........................................................ 1.4 (0.03) 23.6 (1.08) 31.4 (1.07) 27.6 (1.14) 12.0 (0.59) 5.5 (0.64) 1.4 (0.05) 26.4 (1.45) 30.5 (1.11) 22

High ............................................................. 1.1 (0.04) 28.5 (1.95) 37.1 (2.04) 23.8 (1.31) 8.5 (0.86) 2.1 (0.41) 1.2 (0.06) 28.6 (2.39) 36.3 (1.85) 21
236 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Coursetaking

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Eng = English; SS = social studies; Sci = science; Comp = computer science; and 

FL = foreign language. 

2The National Commission on Excellence in Education recommended that all collegebound high school students take these courses as a minimum. 

NOTE: Data differ slightly from figures appearing in other NCES reports because of differences in taxonomies and case exclusion criteria. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High

School and Beyond Longitudinal Study of 1980 Sophomores (HS&B-So:80/82), "High

School Transcript Study"; and 1987, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2000, and 2005 High School Transcript Study (HSTS). (This table was prepared January 2007.)

Table 161. Percentage of public and private high school graduates earning minimum credits in selected combinations of academic courses, by 

sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1982 through 2005

Year of graduation and 

course combination taken1 All students

Sex Race/ethnicity

Male Female White Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

1982 graduates

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, .5 Comp, and 

2 FL2 ............................................... 2.0 (0.22) 2.3 (0.31) 1.8 (0.27) 2.4 (0.28) 0.7 (0.28) 0.6 (0.22) 5.8 (1.72) 1.1 (0.77) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, and 2 FL ... 9.5 (0.57) 9.1 (0.70) 9.9 (0.71) 10.9 (0.69) 5.2 (1.02) 3.9 (0.57) 17.0 (2.49) 3.3 (1.68) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math.................... 14.3 (0.66) 15.2 (0.86) 13.4 (0.79) 15.9 (0.79) 11.0 (1.39) 6.7 (0.79) 21.1 (2.65) 8.1 (3.02) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 2 Sci, 2 Math.................... 31.5 (1.07) 31.7 (1.26) 31.3 (1.22) 32.4 (1.21) 30.8 (2.32) 25.6 (1.76) 32.0 (3.40) 23.6 (5.39) — (†)

1987 graduates

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, .5 Comp, and 

2 FL2 ............................................... 10.6 (0.73) 11.5 (1.01) 9.8 (0.65) 11.3 (0.97) 6.6 (0.91) 5.5 (1.03) 20.5 (2.57) 2.5 (0.86) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, and 2 FL ... 18.1 (0.91) 18.0 (1.13) 18.3 (1.01) 19.0 (1.10) 12.7 (1.15) 10.8 (1.70) 35.7 (4.49) 4.9 (1.40) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math.................... 24.8 (1.03) 25.9 (1.27) 23.7 (1.07) 26.1 (1.21) 19.6 (1.99) 14.5 (1.69) 39.8 (4.51) 24.3 (3.69) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 2 Sci, 2 Math.................... 48.1 (1.74) 48.0 (2.22) 48.4 (1.56) 48.1 (2.15) 48.3 (2.63) 43.9 (1.92) 57.9 (4.82) 61.8 (5.56) — (†)

1990 graduates

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, .5 Comp, and 

2 FL2 ............................................... 18.0 (1.06) 17.8 (1.16) 18.2 (1.09) 18.6 (1.21) 15.1 (1.66) 17.8 (2.42) 23.3 (2.23) 7.8 (3.33) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, and 2 FL ... 29.9 (1.26) 28.8 (1.38) 31.0 (1.36) 31.7 (1.46) 22.9 (2.27) 25.4 (2.41) 42.6 (2.95) 9.9 (3.70) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math.................... 38.2 (1.50) 38.5 (1.69) 37.9 (1.54) 39.2 (1.63) 39.0 (3.57) 29.8 (2.51) 47.4 (3.04) 19.2 (4.70) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 2 Sci, 2 Math.................... 65.5 (1.96) 64.3 (2.09) 66.4 (1.98) 64.9 (2.28) 71.3 (3.00) 63.7 (3.01) 69.1 (3.90) 46.3 (6.39) — (†)

1994 graduates

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, .5 Comp, and 

2 FL2 ............................................... 25.1 (1.05) 23.4 (0.93) 26.8 (1.32) 26.4 (1.19) 19.0 (1.45) 27.1 (3.75) 35.5 (2.84) 12.9 (3.09) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, and 2 FL ... 39.0 (1.12) 35.0 (1.11) 42.7 (1.33) 41.6 (1.32) 29.6 (1.52) 35.6 (2.94) 50.1 (2.39) 22.5 (4.31) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math.................... 49.3 (1.45) 47.0 (1.45) 51.5 (1.58) 52.4 (1.67) 43.7 (2.39) 40.3 (3.25) 54.9 (2.46) 46.0 (3.30) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 2 Sci, 2 Math.................... 73.9 (1.50) 71.2 (1.63) 76.4 (1.46) 75.1 (1.69) 74.5 (2.32) 74.7 (2.61) 72.3 (3.62) 76.3 (3.60) — (†)

1998 graduates

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, .5 Comp, and 

2 FL2 ............................................... 28.6 (1.72) 27.6 (2.12) 30.1 (1.90) 29.6 (1.99) 27.9 (3.36) 20.4 (2.44) 38.6 (4.61) 16.5 (4.65) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, and 2 FL ... 44.2 (1.92) 40.5 (2.19) 48.2 (2.05) 46.2 (2.16) 40.0 (3.41) 32.0 (2.94) 57.8 (4.51) 28.3 (4.53) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math.................... 55.0 (2.44) 52.9 (2.64) 57.8 (2.48) 56.8 (2.69) 55.6 (4.39) 40.0 (3.28) 66.1 (5.69) 40.0 (4.73) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 2 Sci, 2 Math.................... 74.5 (2.18) 72.8 (2.34) 77.0 (2.14) 74.7 (2.64) 76.0 (3.21) 70.1 (2.57) 79.5 (4.76) 76.4 (5.21) — (†)

2000 graduates

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, .5 Comp, and 

2 FL2 ............................................... 31.0 (1.53) 28.6 (1.59) 33.2 (1.73) 31.5 (1.55) 28.9 (1.65) 28.4 (5.50) 37.8 (5.45) 16.2 (2.69) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, and 2 FL ... 46.5 (1.46) 40.3 (1.59) 52.1 (1.60) 47.8 (1.56) 44.2 (2.14) 38.4 (5.05) 56.5 (3.13) 25.6 (3.40) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math.................... 57.2 (1.58) 52.9 (1.65) 61.1 (1.70) 58.1 (1.70) 62.4 (2.44) 46.4 (5.46) 61.1 (3.11) 40.9 (5.56) — (†)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 2 Sci, 2 Math.................... 77.6 (1.58) 74.2 (1.86) 80.6 (1.44) 77.9 (1.84) 81.2 (2.23) 74.1 (3.24) 74.5 (3.05) 71.2 (4.44) — (†)

2005 graduates

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, .5 Comp, and 

2 FL2 ............................................... 36.2 (1.00) 34.6 (0.97) 37.7 (1.23) 35.8 (1.22) 39.9 (1.72) 33.0 (1.86) 42.9 (2.34) 24.5 (3.48) 36.8 (5.09)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math, and 2 FL ... 52.1 (1.00) 46.8 (1.16) 57.2 (1.01) 53.3 (1.20) 51.4 (1.88) 41.8 (2.07) 63.6 (2.19) 36.2 (3.40) 65.7 (3.12)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 3 Sci, 3 Math.................... 64.7 (1.07) 61.1 (1.26) 68.0 (0.99) 65.9 (1.32) 69.6 (1.83) 49.8 (2.29) 69.1 (2.20) 59.3 (3.30) 72.4 (3.44)

4 Eng, 3 SS, 2 Sci, 2 Math.................... 81.8 (1.02) 79.2 (1.18) 84.3 (0.97) 81.2 (1.33) 88.7 (0.93) 77.2 (1.33) 83.7 (1.72) 81.0 (3.18) 87.2 (2.71)
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 237

Coursetaking

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

!Interpret data with caution.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Enrollments may include duplicated counts of students in each type of course, since

schools were instructed to count a student enrolled in multiple courses of a particular type

for each course in which he or she was enrolled.

2Excludes schools not reporting these data.

NOTE: Data were collected during the 2002–03 12-month school year. Dual credit courses

are those in which high school students can earn both high school and postsecondary credits

for the same course. Percentages are based on unrounded numbers. Detail may not sum to

totals because of rounding or missing data. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Fast

Response Survey System (FRSS), “Dual Credit and Exam-Based Courses,” FRSS 85,

2003. (This table was prepared July 2005.) 

Table 162. Public high schools that offered and students enrolled in dual credit, Advanced Placement, and International Baccalaureate courses, 

by school characteristics: 2003

School characteristic

Total number

of high schools

Percent of public high schools Total enrollments of public high school students1

Offered dual

credit courses

Offered Advanced

Placement courses

Offered

International

Baccalaureate

courses Dual credit courses

Advanced

Placement courses

International

Baccalaureate courses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

All public high schools............... 16,500 (120) 71 (1.4) 67 (1.1) 2 (0.4) 1,162,000 (53,420) 1,795,400 (54,930) 165,100 (32,820)

Enrollment size

Less than 500 ................................... 7,400 (120) 63 (2.5) 40 (2.3) ‡ (†) 185,300 (15,590) 81,100 (8,510) ‡ (†)

500 to 1,199...................................... 5,000 (80) 75 (1.7) 82 (1.6) 2 (0.6) 335,100 (24,020) 481,000 (26,970) 24,800 (11,180)

1,200 or more ................................... 4,100 (80) 82 (1.8) 97 (0.8) 7 (1.1) 641,600 (47,500) 1,233,300 (47,700) 140,200 (29,740)

School locale

City.................................................... 2,700 (110) 65 (3.4) 77 (2.9) 6 (1.3) 246,300 (33,160) 548,400 (32,020) 58,700 (15,920)

Urban fringe...................................... 4,100 (130) 74 (1.9) 87 (2.2) 4 (0.9) 458,800 (36,290) 853,200 (41,300) 97,600 (26,990)

Town.................................................. 2,400 (130) 79 (3.3) 72 (3.8) 1 ! (0.6) 201,700 (20,440) 143,200 (10,970) 8,300 ! (4,770)

Rural ................................................. 7,200 (220) 70 (2.3) 50 (2.2) ‡ (†) 255,200 (18,150) 250,600 (14,900) ‡ (†)

Region

Northeast .......................................... 2,800 (160) 58 (3.5) 84 (2.3) 1 (0.5) 144,800 (20,600) 390,900 (29,210) 7,300 ! (4,880)

Southeast.......................................... 3,500 (180) 69 (3.4) 69 (2.6) 5 (1.1) 194,000 (19,300) 386,100 (30,540) 65,800 (18,990)

Central .............................................. 5,200 (190) 80 (2.6) 54 (2.5) 1 (0.4) 333,900 (29,010) 319,300 (22,060) 25,600 ! (14,170)

West.................................................. 5,100 (230) 71 (2.2) 69 (2.3) 3 (0.9) 489,400 (47,580) 699,100 (48,150) 66,400 (23,380)

Percent of students who are Black, 

Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or 

American Indian/Alaska Native2

Less than 6 percent .......................... 5,600 (90) 76 (2.5) 58 (2.1) # (†) 317,400 (24,840) 267,100 (18,820) # (†)

6 to 20 percent.................................. 3,800 (80) 78 (2.4) 70 (2.2) 2 (0.6) 380,900 (35,440) 463,800 (21,630) 16,700 (5,470)

21 to 49 percent................................ 3,200 (120) 72 (3.5) 75 (3.0) 5 (1.3) 228,900 (22,890) 528,500 (29,150) 64,300 (19,280)

50 percent or more ........................... 3,600 (100) 58 (3.1) 69 (2.5) 4 (1.0) 231,400 (36,220) 497,700 (35,430) 84,100 (26,560)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Student Activities and Behavior1Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score on parental education and occupations, and familyincome. The “low” SES group is the lowest quartile; the “middle” SES group is the middle two quartiles; and the “high” SESgroup is the upper quartile.2Question does not specify where computer is used.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard erroSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stat1988 (NELS:88/92), “Second Follow-up Student Survey, 1992”; and Educat“First Follow-up, 2004.” (This table was prepared December 2009.)

Table 163. Percentage of high school seniors who say they engage in various activities, by selected student and school characteristics: 1992 and 2004Activity Total

Sex Race/ethnicity Socioeconomic status1 

Male Female White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native Low Middle H

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1992At least once a week

Use personal computer2 ............................................... 23.6 (0.52) 28.1 (0.76) 19.3 (0.64) 23.9 (0.58) 23.3 (1.71) 20.7 (1.49) 26.6 (1.90) 22.0 (3.88) 18.7 (1.10) 23.4 (0.73) 27.6 (0

Work on hobbies........................................................... 40.9 (0.62) 44.4 (0.85) 37.6 (0.86) 42.2 (0.71) 34.5 (1.99) 39.7 (1.71) 37.7 (2.16) 51.8 (4.20) 36.3 (1.29) 41.1 (0.84) 43.6 (1

Perform community service .......................................... 11.3 (0.48) 10.7 (0.80) 11.9 (0.52) 11.1 (0.60) 12.1 (1.26) 11.1 (1.03) 13.8 (1.58) 8.0 (2.56) 7.6 (0.61) 9.6 (0.46) 16.9 (1Driving or riding around ................................................ 73.2 (0.59) 74.4 (0.84) 72.1 (0.75) 75.7 (0.64) 67.8 (2.15) 66.0 (1.82) 66.5 (2.05) 67.6 (4.40) 69.6 (1.26) 75.3 (0.75) 72.4 (1.

Visiting with friends at a local hangout.......................... 88.0 (0.45) 88.2 (0.62) 87.9 (0.62) 90.6 (0.41) 79.8 (2.02) 82.1 (1.27) 85.7 (1.46) 73.0 (4.89) 80.6 (1.05) 88.0 (0.66) 93.2 (0Talk on phone with friends ............................................ 80.5 (0.56) 72.6 (0.88) 88.3 (0.64) 81.7 (0.62) 81.3 (2.01) 71.8 (1.60) 77.2 (1.82) 73.7 (6.12) 72.8 (1.13) 81.6 (0.71) 83.7 (1.Take music, art, or dance class..................................... 10.2 (0.35) 7.9 (0.44) 12.4 (0.52) 10.0 (0.40) 9.6 (1.11) 9.9 (1.27) 14.1 (1.21) 10.7 (3.40) 7.2 (0.67) 8.9 (0.43) 14.2 (0

Take sports lessons ...................................................... 7.3 (0.38) 9.7 (0.62) 5.0 (0.45) 7.0 (0.46) 7.5 (0.80) 8.0 (1.14) 9.3 (1.06) 10.0 (4.07) 5.5 (0.61) 6.6 (0.40) 9.5 (0Play ball or other sports ................................................ 26.2 (0.62) 38.7 (0.91) 14.0 (0.70) 27.1 (0.73) 22.6 (1.79) 23.4 (1.55) 28.1 (2.13) 27.3 (4.25) 20.4 (1.01) 24.5 (0.73) 32.9 (1.

Reading 3 or more hours per week (not for school) ......... 33.7 (0.56) 30.9 (0.78) 36.4 (0.78) 34.5 (0.64) 28.6 (1.81) 32.8 (1.75) 35.3 (2.03) 34.4 (3.90) 29.7 (1.10) 33.4 (0.77) 36.7 (1.

Plays video/computer games 3 or more hours per day 

on weekdays............................................................... 2.0 (0.16) 3.2 (0.29) 0.8 (0.12) 1.8 (0.18) 3.3 (0.64) 2.1 (0.43) 2.7 (0.88) 2.5 (1.19) 3.4 (0.40) 2.1 (0.23) 1.1 (0.

Watches television 3 or more hours per day on weekdays 27.0 (0.62) 27.7 (0.88) 26.4 (0.77) 23.6 (0.67) 49.2 (2.29) 26.6 (1.54) 25.0 (2.20) 36.4 (4.85) 34.1 (1.24) 29.3 (0.89) 18.1 (1.2004At least once a week

Use personal computer at home................................... 79.3 (0.52) 79.6 (0.65) 79.0 (0.69) 84.7 (0.54) 62.8 (1.34) 71.4 (1.32) 89.5 (1.06) 68.8 (2.31) 61.9 (1.07) 79.8 (0.63) 92.3 (0

Work on hobbies........................................................... 46.5 (0.56) 49.6 (0.80) 43.3 (0.71) 46.8 (0.68) 44.3 (1.46) 44.8 (1.39) 49.3 (1.75) 58.4 (2.40) 42.2 (1.07) 46.6 (0.76) 49.6 (0

Perform community service .......................................... 18.7 (0.45) 15.1 (0.54) 22.3 (0.63) 17.9 (0.52) 21.1 (1.22) 17.5 (1.11) 27.4 (1.36) 11.6 (2.05) 15.7 (0.74) 17.4 (0.64) 23.5 (0.Driving or riding around ................................................ 65.7 (0.61) 67.5 (0.78) 64.0 (0.79) 70.0 (0.70) 63.9 (1.28) 54.0 (1.28) 58.3 (1.93) 77.0 (3.70) 59.0 (1.17) 67.2 (0.82) 68.4 (0

Visiting with friends at a local hangout.......................... 86.1 (0.41) 88.4 (0.46) 83.9 (0.63) 90.7 (0.40) 79.9 (1.03) 77.7 (1.16) 79.0 (1.37) 82.6 (2.52) 76.6 (0.94) 87.7 (0.51) 90.9 (0Talk on phone with friends ............................................ 72.1 (0.48) 65.2 (0.71) 78.9 (0.58) 71.6 (0.61) 80.5 (0.98) 66.6 (1.24) 64.7 (1.75) 73.1 (2.68) 66.0 (0.95) 73.5 (0.66) 74.2 (0.Take music, art, or language class................................ 17.7 (0.46) 13.8 (0.52) 21.7 (0.66) 17.5 (0.61) 18.7 (0.96) 15.2 (1.02) 21.2 (1.42) 17.8 (1.30) 13.6 (0.78) 17.0 (0.61) 22.4 (0

Take sports lessons ...................................................... 13.2 (0.41) 15.8 (0.61) 10.7 (0.48) 12.5 (0.47) 15.7 (1.09) 13.5 (1.07) 12.9 (1.31) 12.1 (0.43) 10.8 (0.70) 12.6 (0.57) 16.4 (0.

Play non-school sports ................................................. 27.4 (0.53) 39.2 (0.77) 15.7 (0.62) 26.8 (0.70) 28.3 (1.14) 27.5 (1.27) 30.7 (1.57) 38.7 (1.61) 24.3 (0.91) 27.3 (0.73) 30.0 (1.

Reading 3 or more hours per week (not for school) ......... 32.0 (0.51) 29.5 (0.70) 34.5 (0.71) 31.5 (0.66) 32.7 (1.24) 32.8 (1.28) 30.5 (1.43) 34.4 (3.73) 30.3 (0.99) 30.8 (0.72) 35.6 (0

Plays video/computer games 3 or more hours per day 

on weekdays............................................................... 5.9 (0.27) 10.4 (0.48) 1.5 (0.18) 5.1 (0.31) 7.8 (0.78) 6.6 (0.66) 6.1 (0.81) 8.9 (1.17) 7.2 (0.54) 6.3 (0.40) 4.2 (0.

Watches television/DVDs 3 or more hours per day on 

weekdays.................................................................... 28.1 (0.54) 29.3 (0.76) 26.9 (0.69) 21.9 (0.61) 51.7 (1.37) 33.0 (1.06) 24.6 (1.72) 29.9 (3.81) 35.6 (1.00) 29.3 (0.76) 20.0 (0.

Hours of homework per week

Less than 1 hour ........................................................... 13.3 (0.44) 17.3 (0.67) 9.4 (0.48) 14.0 (0.56) 15.1 (0.93) 10.7 (0.83) 6.5 (1.09) 14.9 (1.38) 15.6 (0.78) 14.8 (0.62) 8.7 (0.

1 to 3 hours................................................................... 28.7 (0.52) 30.2 (0.72) 27.3 (0.75) 27.3 (0.64) 32.6 (1.18) 33.9 (1.27) 16.6 (1.52) 29.6 (2.75) 32.7 (0.97) 30.3 (0.71) 22.8 (0.

4 to 6 hours................................................................... 25.0 (0.49) 24.5 (0.68) 25.5 (0.66) 25.8 (0.64) 24.7 (1.18) 23.0 (1.20) 26.7 (1.59) 21.4 (1.19) 24.2 (0.94) 25.1 (0.67) 25.6 (0.

7 to 12 hours................................................................. 21.7 (0.51) 19.8 (0.68) 23.6 (0.68) 22.4 (0.65) 18.0 (0.98) 21.7 (1.26) 27.3 (1.46) 26.9 (3.86) 18.2 (0.81) 20.5 (0.66) 26.8 (0.

More than 12 hours....................................................... 11.2 (0.39) 8.2 (0.43) 14.2 (0.61) 10.5 (0.47) 9.6 (0.85) 10.7 (0.99) 22.8 (1.66) 7.2 (2.20) 9.2 (0.76) 9.4 (0.46) 16.1 (0.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Interscholastic refers to competition between teams from different schools. Intramural refers to competition between teamsor students within the same school. Data on these categories are available only for 2004.2These data were not collected in 2004.3Composite test performance quartile on mathematics, reading, science, and social studies in 1990 (for 1994 seniors) andcomposite test performance quartile on mathematics, reading, and science in 2002 (for 2004 seniors).

4Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score on parental NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard erroSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stat1988 (NELS:88/94), “Third Follow-up, 1994”; and Education Longitudinal S2004.” (This table was prepared December 2009.)

Table 164. Percentage of high school seniors who participate in various school-sponsored extracurricular activities, by selected student characteristics: 1994 aSelected student characteristic

Academic clubs

Sports Cheerleading 

and drill team2 Hobby clubs

Music (band, or

Any sport Interscholastic chorus, or c

1 Intramural1

1994 2004 1994 2004 2004 2004 1994 1994 2004 1994 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

All seniors................................. 25.0 (0.58) 21.3 (0.49) 42.7 (0.67) 44.4 (0.56) 38.8 (0.56) 19.2 (0.47) 7.6 (0.34) 7.7 (0.32) 11.7 (0.38) 19.8 (0.51) 

Sex

Male ............................................... 22.7 (0.80) 17.8 (0.58) 55.5 (0.92) 50.6 (0.80) 44.5 (0.79) 24.2 (0.71) 2.0 (0.24) 8.1 (0.44) 11.9 (0.51) 15.1 (0.62) Female........................................... 27.1 (0.76) 24.7 (0.73) 30.1 (0.80) 38.2 (0.76) 33.2 (0.74) 14.3 (0.57) 13.0 (0.60) 7.4 (0.44) 11.6 (0.48) 24.3 (0.75) 

Race/ethnicity

White.............................................. 24.3 (4.66) 22.6 (0.62) 41.4 (5.81) 46.9 (0.70) 42.1 (0.69) 18.8 (0.58) 13.3 (4.87) 10.1 (5.01) 11.4 (0.51) 15.4 (3.65) 

Black .............................................. 21.2 (1.64) 16.5 (0.90) 41.6 (2.29) 45.4 (1.21) 37.5 (1.15) 24.4 (1.05) 10.0 (1.73) 6.9 (0.94) 9.1 (0.75) 24.6 (1.57) Hispanic ......................................... 26.1 (0.72) 18.3 (1.15) 44.0 (0.79) 35.3 (1.25) 29.5 (1.25) 16.9 (1.02) 7.6 (0.35) 7.4 (0.37) 11.8 (0.87) 20.0 (0.62) 

Asian/Pacific Islander..................... 22.0 (1.55) 34.7 (1.90) 36.2 (1.84) 40.6 (1.81) 33.4 (1.71) 18.0 (1.48) 7.6 (1.16) 8.1 (1.05) 20.3 (1.50) 19.1 (1.68) 

American Indian/Alaska Native...... 31.9 (2.31) 19.7 (2.88) 43.9 (2.25) 45.8 (1.42) 40.8 (2.29) 20.7 (0.34) 5.3 (0.97) 11.2 (1.51) 6.3 (0.37) 18.6 (2.01) 

Test performance quartile3

Lowest test quartile........................ 17.0 (1.40) 13.4 (0.74) 40.5 (1.46) 34.5 (1.09) 28.0 (1.02) 20.4 (1.00) 7.6 (0.70) 7.9 (0.64) 8.4 (0.63) 18.7 (1.06) 

Second test quartile....................... 20.6 (1.10) 16.1 (0.86) 37.5 (1.22) 42.4 (1.06) 36.1 (1.04) 21.3 (0.85) 7.0 (0.86) 7.0 (0.66) 9.7 (0.63) 17.2 (0.88) 

Third test quartile........................... 24.1 (1.02) 20.9 (0.86) 44.0 (1.14) 46.5 (1.05) 41.3 (1.04) 19.2 (0.76) 8.3 (0.62) 7.1 (0.58) 11.2 (0.65) 19.7 (0.94) Highest test quartile....................... 36.1 (1.10) 31.8 (0.91) 48.3 (1.17) 52.7 (0.98) 48.0 (0.96) 17.1 (0.82) 7.8 (0.54) 8.7 (0.59) 16.7 (0.78) 24.1 (0.94) 

Socioeconomic status4

Low ................................................ 18.3 (0.94) 16.4 (0.89) 32.3 (1.23) 33.1 (1.05) 26.4 (1.01) 16.5 (0.79) 6.7 (0.96) 6.6 (0.62) 8.0 (0.61) 17.6 (0.96) Middle ............................................ 24.1 (0.78) 19.6 (0.65) 41.3 (0.84) 43.7 (0.77) 38.5 (0.75) 19.6 (0.62) 8.0 (0.43) 7.0 (0.41) 11.2 (0.48) 19.6 (0.71) High ............................................... 30.9 (1.12) 28.3 (0.89) 52.2 (1.21) 54.6 (0.95) 49.3 (0.99) 20.7 (0.86) 7.8 (0.53) 9.3 (0.59) 15.7 (0.77) 22.0 (0.96) 

Region

Northeast ....................................... 23.3 (1.06) 21.1 (0.93) 48.0 (1.41) 47.6 (1.27) 41.8 (1.42) 21.7 (1.19) 6.9 (0.67) 9.2 (0.79) 14.0 (0.99) 20.8 (1.07) 

Midwest.......................................... 25.2 (1.17) 20.1 (1.00) 45.6 (1.29) 48.3 (1.13) 41.9 (1.06) 20.9 (1.02) 8.3 (0.61) 6.5 (0.54) 9.8 (0.78) 23.8 (1.07) 

South ............................................. 28.4 (1.14) 23.5 (0.83) 38.6 (1.17) 42.1 (0.93) 36.7 (0.90) 17.6 (0.74) 8.4 (0.70) 6.8 (0.60) 10.5 (0.55) 17.8 (0.82) 

West............................................... 21.3 (1.08) 19.5 (1.17) 40.7 (1.41) 40.9 (1.22) 36.2 (1.19) 17.7 (0.97) 6.3 (0.62) 9.4 (0.72) 13.9 (0.92) 17.6 (1.12) 

Senior’s school sector

Public ............................................. 24.9 (0.61) 20.5 (0.52) 41.4 (0.69) 42.9 (0.60) 37.5 (0.59) 18.5 (0.49) 7.7 (0.36) 7.4 (0.33) 11.1 (0.41) 19.8 (0.53) 

Catholic.......................................... 27.7 (2.50) 29.5 (1.61) 54.5 (2.98) 60.8 (1.64) 53.1 (1.46) 28.1 (1.96) 7.8 (1.39) 10.4 (1.60) 18.8 (1.22) 14.2 (1.96) Other private .................................. 21.6 (2.80) 29.3 (2.40) 58.3 (3.06) 60.5 (2.72) 51.7 (2.98) 25.8 (2.82) 5.7 (1.49) 11.4 (2.32) 18.1 (1.76) 29.9 (2.67) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 165. Percentage of elementary and secondary school students who do homework outside of school, whose parents check that homework is done, and who

frequency and selected student and school characteristics: 2003 and 2007

Year and selected characteristic

Percent of

students who

do homework

outside of school

Average hours

per week spent

by students who

do homework

outside of school

Distribution of students who do homework outside 

of school by how frequently they do homework

Percent of

students whose

parents1

check that

homework

is done

Distribution of students by how frequ

Less than

once a week

1 to 2 days

per week

3 to 4 days

per week

5 or more

days a week No help given

Less than

once a week

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2003

All students.................................. 95.6 (0.23) 9.1 (0.19) 2.9 (0.16) 15.1 (0.45) 43.9 (0.61) 38.2 (0.57) 85.2 (0.33) — (†) — (†) — 

All elementary school students 

(kindergarten through grade 8) 96.2 (0.26) 9.2 (0.24) 2.3 (0.18) 12.9 (0.43) 46.5 (0.75) 38.3 (0.73) 94.6 (0.29) — (†) — (†) — 

Sex 

Male ...................................................... 95.8 (0.41) 9.6 (0.36) 2.7 (0.26) 13.5 (0.58) 47.4 (0.95) 36.4 (0.93) 95.6 (0.38) — (†) — (†) — Female.................................................. 96.7 (0.32) 8.7 (0.32) 2.0 (0.23) 12.3 (0.61) 45.5 (1.08) 40.3 (1.09) 93.4 (0.52) — (†) — (†) — 

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 95.9 (0.37) 9.4 (0.30) 2.8 (0.27) 14.9 (0.64) 47.5 (0.97) 34.7 (1.05) 93.1 (0.44) — (†) — (†) — Black ..................................................... 97.8 (0.51) 8.0 (0.44) 1.4 (0.35) 8.1 (1.02) 47.6 (1.66) 42.9 (1.61) 98.0 (0.79) — (†) — (†) — 

Hispanic ................................................ 96.3 (0.50) 8.8 (0.57) 1.5 (0.34) 11.8 (0.87) 41.8 (1.37) 44.9 (1.51) 96.4 (0.45) — (†) — (†) — Asian..................................................... 95.1 (1.62) 11.1 (1.44) ‡ (†) 6.9 (1.74) 41.1 (4.96) 51.2 (5.30) 96.6 (1.18) — (†) — (†) — 

School type

Public .................................................... 96.4 (0.25) 9.1 (0.24) 2.5 (0.20) 13.5 (0.47) 47.1 (0.75) 36.9 (0.73) 95.0 (0.28) — (†) — (†) — Private................................................... 94.6 (0.87) 9.6 (0.58) 1.3 (0.31) 8.0 (0.92) 41.8 (1.90) 49.0 (1.81) 91.4 (1.16) — (†) — (†) — 

Poverty status

Poor ...................................................... 95.7 (0.71) 9.6 (0.63) 1.3 (0.34) 14.3 (1.33) 42.4 (1.87) 42.0 (1.75) 96.9 (0.77) — (†) — (†) — 

Nonpoor ................................................ 96.3 (0.28) 9.1 (0.25) 2.6 (0.21) 12.6 (0.45) 47.4 (0.77) 37.5 (0.78) 94.0 (0.31) — (†) — (†) — 

All secondary school students 

(grades 9 through 12) ............... 94.2 (0.52) 8.8 (0.25) 4.1 (0.40) 20.3 (0.94) 37.6 (1.01) 38.0 (1.04) 62.8 (0.86) — (†) — (†) — 

Sex 

Male ...................................................... 91.3 (0.81) 9.0 (0.42) 6.2 (0.72) 23.6 (1.30) 38.1 (1.45) 32.1 (1.15) 66.6 (1.14) — (†) — (†) — Female.................................................. 97.2 (0.56) 8.5 (0.27) 2.1 (0.35) 17.0 (1.23) 37.1 (1.35) 43.8 (1.53) 59.0 (1.47) — (†) — (†) — 

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 94.2 (0.64) 8.8 (0.33) 4.4 (0.49) 20.2 (1.21) 36.3 (1.20) 39.0 (1.32) 55.4 (1.12) — (†) — (†) — Black ..................................................... 95.3 (1.05) 9.3 (0.78) 3.4 (0.82) 21.2 (2.48) 42.9 (2.56) 32.6 (2.49) 80.0 (2.13) — (†) — (†) — Hispanic ................................................ 92.2 (1.20) 8.1 (0.45) 4.2 (1.15) 20.9 (2.20) 40.1 (2.39) 34.8 (2.45) 78.6 (1.68) — (†) — (†) — Asian..................................................... 100.0 (†) 10.4 (1.48) ‡ (†) 6.7 ! (2.65) 32.8 (5.65) 59.0 (5.76) 52.6 (4.94) — (†) — (†) — 

School type

Public .................................................... 93.9 (0.58) 8.7 (0.27) 4.6 (0.44) 21.7 (1.03) 38.7 (1.06) 35.0 (1.02) 64.3 (0.92) — (†) — (†) — Private................................................... 96.6 (1.06) 9.9 (0.47) ‡ (†) 7.1 (1.90) 26.9 (2.88) 65.9 (2.92) 49.4 (3.51) — (†) — (†) — 

Poverty status

Poor ...................................................... 90.1 (1.53) 8.6 (0.74) 4.3 (0.97) 23.2 (3.33) 42.3 (3.16) 30.2 (2.83) 75.3 (2.94) — (†) — (†) — 

Nonpoor ................................................ 95.0 (0.55) 8.8 (0.28) 4.1 (0.43) 19.8 (0.94) 36.7 (1.11) 39.4 (1.05) 60.5 (0.91) — (†) — (†) — 

Coursework

Enrolled in AP classes .......................... 98.0 (0.47) 9.6 (0.38) 2.2 (0.46) 13.4 (1.10) 31.9 (1.44) 52.5 (1.66) 53.4 (1.32) — (†) — (†) — Not enrolled in AP classes.................... 91.5 (0.80) 8.2 (0.34) 5.6 (0.67) 25.4 (1.35) 41.8 (1.43) 27.3 (1.30) 69.7 (1.10) — (†) — (†) — 

2007

All students.................................. 94.4 (0.30) 5.4 (0.06) 3.1 (0.34) 13.1 (0.47) 43.6 (0.62) 40.2 (0.60) 85.4 (0.46) 10.2 (0.41) 20.3 (0.51) 31.

All elementary school students 

(kindergarten through grade 8) 95.0 (0.37) 4.7 (0.07) 2.1 (0.23) 12.3 (0.56) 46.2 (0.73) 39.4 (0.68) 95.0 (0.34) 4.3 (0.34) 13.1 (0.52) 32.

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

— Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.!Interpret data with caution.1Refers to one or more parent or other household adult. Only includes students who had homework outside of school.

NOTE: Includes children enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 and ungraparent most knowledgeable about the student's education. Race categories exnot sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parenthegroups not separately shown.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statition Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHJune 2008.)

Sex 

Male ...................................................... 94.6 (0.51) 4.6 (0.09) 2.1 (0.31) 12.4 (0.71) 47.9 (1.19) 37.6 (1.09) 95.3 (0.47) 4.3 (0.39) 12.9 (0.63) 32.

Female.................................................. 95.4 (0.53) 4.9 (0.10) 2.1 (0.31) 12.2 (0.96) 44.4 (1.13) 41.3 (1.08) 94.6 (0.48) 4.3 (0.56) 13.4 (0.76) 32.

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 94.7 (0.48) 4.4 (0.07) 2.7 (0.36) 13.7 (0.74) 48.3 (1.05) 35.3 (0.99) 94.0 (0.42) 3.8 (0.37) 15.7 (0.74) 34.

Black ..................................................... 95.5 (1.07) 5.6 (0.27) 1.3 ! (0.53) 7.0 (1.19) 44.4 (3.40) 47.2 (3.11) 98.1 (0.63) 3.5 (1.03) 7.4 (1.14) 25.

Hispanic ................................................ 94.8 (0.85) 4.7 (0.11) 1.3 (0.33) 13.5 (1.39) 40.7 (1.94) 44.4 (1.74) 96.1 (0.70) 7.1 (0.95) 10.3 (0.91) 30.Asian..................................................... 97.7 (0.97) 5.7 (0.39) 1.0 ! (0.59) 5.1 ! (1.53) 39.1 (4.31) 54.8 (4.48) 88.5 (3.44) 3.1 ! (1.36) 12.8 (2.84) 37.

School type

Public .................................................... 95.1 (0.38) 4.7 (0.08) 2.0 (0.25) 12.4 (0.62) 46.1 (0.76) 39.4 (0.73) 95.4 (0.36) 4.4 (0.38) 13.1 (0.55) 32.

Private................................................... 94.0 (1.01) 4.8 (0.19) 2.7 (0.63) 11.4 (1.96) 46.7 (2.64) 39.2 (2.46) 91.5 (1.19) 3.6 (0.85) 13.6 (1.48) 34.

Poverty status

Poor ...................................................... 94.2 (0.99) 4.7 (0.20) 2.9 (0.72) 16.3 (2.18) 39.0 (2.53) 41.7 (2.21) 97.9 (0.55) 6.1 (1.01) 8.8 (1.29) 28.

Nonpoor ................................................ 95.2 (0.36) 4.8 (0.08) 1.9 (0.22) 11.3 (0.58) 48.0 (0.80) 38.8 (0.75) 94.2 (0.40) 3.9 (0.33) 14.2 (0.56) 33.

Locale

City........................................................ 95.2 (0.65) 5.1 (0.13) 1.5 (0.31) 9.1 (0.91) 43.4 (1.58) 46.0 (1.43) 95.4 (0.54) 4.8 (0.67) 11.3 (1.02) 29.

Suburban .............................................. 95.4 (0.51) 4.9 (0.11) 1.9 (0.37) 9.3 (0.71) 46.1 (1.24) 42.7 (1.19) 93.5 (0.67) 4.4 (0.55) 14.5 (0.85) 33.

Town...................................................... 93.0 (1.50) 4.1 (0.14) 2.7 (0.79) 18.8 (1.98) 46.4 (2.29) 32.2 (2.08) 96.0 (1.04) 3.2 (0.80) 14.2 (1.62) 35.Rural ..................................................... 95.0 (0.85) 4.2 (0.15) 3.2 (0.69) 19.5 (1.79) 50.6 (1.90) 26.8 (1.63) 96.3 (0.72) 4.1 (0.94) 13.1 (1.30) 35.

All secondary school students 

(grades 9 through 12) ............... 93.0 (0.55) 6.8 (0.11) 5.4 (0.85) 14.8 (0.96) 38.0 (1.15) 41.9 (1.18) 64.6 (1.21) 23.1 (1.08) 35.9 (1.26) 29.

Sex 

Male ...................................................... 91.2 (0.80) 6.0 (0.19) 7.4 (1.53) 18.3 (1.59) 38.2 (1.78) 36.0 (1.64) 67.8 (1.88) 24.1 (1.56) 36.9 (1.97) 29.

Female.................................................. 94.9 (0.79) 7.5 (0.16) 3.3 (0.72) 11.2 (1.10) 37.7 (1.79) 47.9 (1.85) 61.4 (1.78) 22.0 (1.32) 35.0 (1.44) 30.

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 94.5 (0.52) 6.8 (0.13) 4.2 (0.58) 12.9 (0.91) 38.6 (1.51) 44.3 (1.42) 57.2 (1.54) 22.5 (1.28) 41.1 (1.36) 27.

Black ..................................................... 91.8 (1.98) 6.3 (0.38) 9.3 ! (5.06) 20.1 (3.86) 41.0 (4.72) 29.7 (3.43) 83.1 (2.84) 19.5 (2.97) 26.5 (4.77) 34.

Hispanic ................................................ 90.7 (2.11) 6.4 (0.34) 5.9 (1.29) 17.7 (3.55) 36.6 (2.93) 39.9 (3.03) 75.6 (2.71) 26.2 (2.94) 25.8 (2.38) 33.

Asian..................................................... 93.6 (5.45) 10.3 (1.37) ‡ (†) 13.8 ! (5.51) 18.5 ! (6.12) 67.7 (7.18) 59.0 (7.69) 26.4 (7.58) 36.1 (7.55) 26.

School type

Public .................................................... 92.3 (0.60) 6.5 (0.11) 5.9 (0.96) 15.9 (1.06) 39.7 (1.26) 38.5 (1.17) 66.1 (1.24) 22.8 (1.16) 35.4 (1.29) 30.

Private................................................... 98.5 (0.54) 9.3 (0.39) 0.8 ! (0.35) 5.9 (1.34) 24.0 (2.72) 69.4 (2.89) 53.1 (3.98) 25.0 (2.64) 40.1 (3.68) 27.

Poverty status

Poor ...................................................... 89.5 (2.21) 5.5 (0.32) 8.3 ! (4.42) 19.2 (3.62) 38.7 (4.32) 33.7 (3.69) 81.0 (3.03) 24.2 (3.80) 24.0 (4.21) 36.

Nonpoor ................................................ 93.7 (0.58) 7.0 (0.12) 4.8 (0.53) 13.9 (0.91) 37.8 (1.27) 43.6 (1.37) 61.4 (1.30) 22.8 (1.05) 38.3 (1.19) 28.

Coursework

Enrolled in AP classes .......................... 96.9 (0.59) 8.5 (0.22) 2.4 (0.70) 7.5 (0.93) 31.9 (1.81) 58.2 (1.97) 56.3 (2.06) 27.4 (1.90) 36.3 (1.69) 28.

Not enrolled in AP classes.................... 90.6 (0.81) 5.7 (0.13) 7.3 (1.31) 19.5 (1.40) 41.9 (1.56) 31.2 (1.42) 70.1 (1.46) 20.2 (1.14) 35.7 (1.70) 30.

Locale

City........................................................ 92.8 (1.01) 6.8 (0.22) 6.3 (2.46) 14.1 (1.90) 35.9 (2.32) 43.7 (2.53) 71.5 (1.89) 22.6 (1.88) 33.4 (2.64) 29.Suburban .............................................. 93.6 (0.95) 7.5 (0.17) 4.8 (0.86) 11.4 (1.27) 36.5 (1.71) 47.4 (2.07) 58.9 (2.00) 23.6 (1.74) 39.1 (1.79) 27.

Town...................................................... 89.7 (2.16) 6.4 (0.27) 5.4 (1.48) 13.2 (1.74) 45.9 (3.46) 35.5 (3.17) 64.8 (3.12) 24.3 (2.81) 34.4 (2.96) 27.Rural ..................................................... 93.9 (1.23) 5.6 (0.29) 5.1 (1.20) 22.7 (2.76) 39.6 (3.04) 32.6 (2.79) 65.5 (2.94) 22.1 (2.69) 34.4 (2.71) 34.

Table 165. Percentage of elementary and secondary school students who do homework outside of school, whose parents check that homework is done, and who

frequency and selected student and school characteristics: 2003 and 2007—Continued

Year and selected characteristic

Percent of

students who

do homework

outside of school

Average hours

per week spent

by students who

do homework

outside of school

Distribution of students who do homework outside 

of school by how frequently they do homework

Percent of

students whose

parents1

check that

homework

is done

Distribution of students by how frequ

Less than

once a week

1 to 2 days

per week

3 to 4 days

per week

5 or more

days a week No help given

Less than

once a week

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score on parental education and occupations, and family income.The “low” SES group is the lowest quarter; the “middle” SES group is the middle two quarters; and the “high” SES group is theupper quarter. NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Data for 2002 for persons reporting two or more races are notshown separately, but are included in totals. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear inparentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stat1988 (NELS:88/90), “First Follow-up Student Survey, 1990”; and Education Year. (This table was prepared December 2009.)

Table 166. Tenth-graders’ attendance patterns, by selected student and school characteristics: 1990 and 2002Attendance pattern

All

students

Sex Race/ethnicity Socioeconomic status1 

Male Female White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska Native Low Middle High 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Percentage of 10th-graders in 1990Number of days missed in first half of 

current school year

None .............................................. 14.9 (0.44) 18.0 (0.69) 11.8 (0.47) 23.2 (1.82) 12.7 (1.09) 23.9 (1.98) 13.3 (0.44) 12.4 (3.02) 14.4 (0.85) 15.1 (0.65) 14.8 (0.68) 

1 or 2 days ..................................... 25.0 (0.50) 26.3 (0.78) 23.7 (0.65) 30.6 (2.06) 24.4 (1.56) 27.7 (1.55) 24.4 (0.61) 20.4 (5.38) 21.9 (0.97) 25.4 (0.71) 26.7 (0.96) 

3 or 4 days ..................................... 28.0 (0.53) 27.4 (0.77) 28.7 (0.73) 23.7 (1.96) 24.9 (1.34) 23.8 (1.51) 29.4 (0.64) 28.6 (3.55) 26.0 (0.99) 27.6 (0.71) 30.2 (1.00) 

5 or more days............................... 32.1 (0.61) 28.3 (0.85) 35.8 (0.83) 22.5 (2.07) 38.0 (2.08) 24.6 (1.96) 32.9 (0.69) 38.6 (4.34) 37.7 (1.33) 32.0 (0.82) 28.3 (1.12) 

Number of times late in first half of 

current school year

Never ............................................. 26.9 (0.63) 27.6 (0.87) 26.1 (0.78) 23.4 (1.98) 18.9 (1.65) 21.0 (1.51) 29.1 (0.72) 19.1 (3.73) 26.5 (1.16) 27.5 (0.82) 26.4 (0.96) 

1 or 2 days ..................................... 39.1 (0.62) 39.0 (0.92) 39.1 (0.82) 41.2 (2.20) 39.0 (1.92) 41.3 (1.98) 38.6 (0.70) 38.3 (4.16) 39.2 (1.25) 39.1 (0.84) 39.3 (1.23) 

3 or more days............................... 34.0 (0.73) 33.4 (0.98) 34.7 (0.88) 35.3 (2.36) 42.1 (2.67) 37.7 (2.20) 32.2 (0.77) 42.6 (3.68) 34.3 (1.54) 33.4 (0.85) 34.3 (1.21) 

Number of times cut classes in first 

half of current school year

Never ............................................. 66.5 (0.70) 65.7 (0.87) 67.2 (0.91) 69.8 (2.45) 55.9 (1.90) 66.6 (2.21) 67.8 (0.80) 56.6 (4.19) 64.2 (1.39) 66.6 (0.89) 68.0 (1.20) 

1 or 2 times .................................... 21.2 (0.50) 21.2 (0.68) 21.3 (0.69) 20.2 (1.89) 24.4 (1.40) 21.3 (1.79) 20.8 (0.55) 28.8 (3.74) 22.5 (1.17) 20.6 (0.63) 21.5 (1.04) 

3 to 6 times .................................... 7.2 (0.33) 7.7 (0.43) 6.8 (0.47) 4.7 (0.89) 10.8 (1.09) 7.0 (0.82) 6.9 (0.39) 6.9 (2.50) 7.7 (0.73) 7.3 (0.48) 6.6 (0.53) More than 6 times .......................... 5.1 (0.31) 5.4 (0.48) 4.8 (0.36) 5.4 (1.00) 9.0 (0.94) 5.2 (1.22) 4.5 (0.33) 7.8 (2.61) 5.5 (0.56) 5.5 (0.46) 3.9 (0.41) 

Percentage of 10th-graders in 2002Number of days missed in first half of 

current school year

None .............................................. 14.3 (0.38) 16.1 (0.51) 12.5 (0.47) 12.1 (0.14) 28.3 (1.59) 16.5 (0.84) 14.2 (0.88) 13.0 (0.48) 13.4 (0.68) 14.0 (0.48) 15.8 (0.80) 

1 or 2 days ..................................... 35.4 (0.52) 36.1 (0.69) 34.8 (0.68) 25.0 (0.92) 35.7 (1.58) 38.4 (1.17) 33.5 (1.46) 35.5 (0.66) 32.7 (0.97) 35.5 (0.72) 38.3 (0.97) 

3 to 6 days ..................................... 33.0 (0.53) 31.9 (0.69) 34.2 (0.69) 35.5 (1.38) 24.3 (1.23) 30.7 (1.08) 32.7 (1.01) 34.4 (0.69) 33.4 (0.86) 32.4 (0.73) 34.0 (1.01) 

More than 6 days ........................... 17.2 (0.41) 16.0 (0.56) 18.5 (0.59) 27.4 (0.32) 11.7 (1.16) 14.3 (0.95) 19.6 (1.09) 17.1 (0.49) 20.5 (0.88) 18.1 (0.54) 11.9 (0.66) 

Number of times late in first half of 

current school year

Never ............................................. 26.0 (0.54) 26.0 (0.73) 26.0 (0.68) 19.8 (0.65) 27.4 (1.41) 17.4 (0.86) 20.4 (1.18) 29.8 (0.67) 24.5 (0.87) 25.9 (0.66) 28.0 (0.95) 

1 or 2 days ..................................... 37.4 (0.54) 36.5 (0.75) 38.4 (0.71) 35.8 (2.42) 36.2 (1.52) 36.5 (1.33) 34.9 (1.17) 38.7 (0.66) 36.9 (0.98) 36.7 (0.71) 39.4 (0.89) 

3 or more days............................... 36.5 (0.62) 37.4 (0.82) 35.6 (0.77) 44.4 (1.89) 36.4 (1.58) 46.1 (1.48) 44.8 (1.45) 31.5 (0.71) 38.6 (1.01) 37.4 (0.78) 32.6 (1.03) 

Number of times cut classes in first 

half of current school year

Never ............................................. 68.4 (0.70) 68.1 (0.87) 68.7 (0.83) 70.3 (3.43) 68.9 (1.76) 64.6 (1.64) 56.3 (1.48) 72.9 (0.75) 62.2 (1.10) 67.3 (0.85) 77.0 (1.02) 

1 or 2 times .................................... 18.7 (0.46) 18.8 (0.65) 18.5 (0.58) 22.2 (3.43) 17.5 (1.25) 20.2 (1.15) 23.9 (1.01) 16.7 (0.55) 21.4 (0.78) 19.5 (0.64) 14.3 (0.82) 

3 to 6 times .................................... 6.8 (0.32) 6.8 (0.40) 6.9 (0.41) 4.7 (0.29) 8.2 (1.08) 9.0 (0.76) 9.0 (0.83) 5.7 (0.34) 8.0 (0.68) 7.1 (0.38) 5.1 (0.47) 

More than 6 times .......................... 6.1 (0.30) 6.3 (0.40) 5.9 (0.40) 2.7 (0.32) 5.3 (0.65) 6.2 (0.67) 10.9 (0.97) 4.7 (0.31) 8.4 (0.63) 6.1 (0.39) 3.6 (0.38) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1Access to buildings is controlled during school hours (e.g., by locked or monitored doors). 2Access to grounds is controlled during school hours (e.g., by locked or monitored gates). 3All students must pass through a metal detector each day. 4All or most students are required to stay on school grounds during lunch.

5Elementary schools have grade 6 or below, with no grade higher than 8; secocombined schools have grades lower than 7 and higher than 8.NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public School Principal Questionnaire” and “Private School Principal QuesOctober 2009.)

Table 167. Percentage of schools with various security measures, by school control and selected characteristics: 2007–08School control and selected characteristic

Total schools Percent of schools with security measures

Number

Percentage

distribution

Controlled

access

to school

buildings1

Controlled

access

to school

grounds2

School

uniforms

Strict

dress code

Daily

metal

detector

checks3

Random

metal

detector

checks

Closed

lunch4

Random

dog sniffs

Random

drug sweep

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Public total....................................... 90,500 (540) 100.0 (†) 88.8 (0.63) 44.9 (1.12) 16.5 (0.83) 54.0 (0.99) 2.3 (0.31) 5.9 (0.45) 60.8 (1.07) 25.0 (0.68) 14.8 (0.76

School enrollment

Under 300 ............................................. 26,400 (910) 29.2 (0.96) 86.0 (1.41) 38.2 (2.05) 15.9 (1.60) 49.0 (2.13) 5.1 (0.84) 6.5 (0.88) 58.8 (2.06) 24.0 (1.72) 19.3 (1.76300 to 499............................................. 25,900 (970) 28.6 (1.04) 90.6 (1.06) 42.7 (2.23) 16.0 (1.51) 50.9 (2.25) 0.8 (0.23) 3.6 (0.77) 57.2 (2.04) 18.0 (1.44) 10.3 (1.09500 to 999............................................. 29,100 (870) 32.1 (0.98) 90.5 (1.01) 49.7 (1.92) 18.2 (1.33) 57.2 (1.94) 0.8 ! (0.28) 5.4 (0.84) 61.1 (2.04) 23.5 (1.42) 11.0 (1.07

1,000 to 1,499....................................... 5,400 (350) 6.0 (0.39) 88.5 (2.08) 50.1 (3.79) 16.4 (3.57) 66.6 (3.19) 2.3 ! (0.84) 9.8 (1.94) 75.5 (2.48) 48.7 (3.97) 27.5 (3.20

1,500 or more ....................................... 3,700 (240) 4.1 (0.26) 83.7 (2.78) 63.6 (3.16) 11.1 (3.02) 67.5 (3.34) 3.9 ! (1.49) 15.6 (2.39) 75.5 (3.17) 57.4 (3.28) 25.5 (2.91

Percent of students approved for free or 

reduced-price school lunch

School does not participate .................. 3,900 (420) 4.3 (0.46) 70.2 (5.54) 38.9 (4.76) 16.9 (3.97) 43.2 (5.52) 4.8 ! (3.33) 8.2 ! (3.37) 44.0 (5.66) 13.8 (3.02) 20.2 (4.48

0 to 25 percent...................................... 25,000 (920) 27.6 (1.03) 89.7 (1.35) 36.9 (2.02) 4.7 (0.86) 44.7 (2.08) 0.5 ! (0.18) 1.8 (0.35) 60.0 (2.04) 25.0 (1.83) 10.1 (1.1226 to 50 percent.................................... 24,800 (920) 27.4 (0.98) 90.6 (0.94) 41.1 (1.88) 8.2 (1.00) 53.4 (2.03) 0.7 (0.22) 4.3 (0.65) 63.8 (1.59) 30.3 (1.51) 13.5 (1.11

51 to 75 percent.................................... 19,600 (690) 21.6 (0.73) 88.9 (1.38) 48.7 (2.26) 19.3 (1.80) 57.7 (2.28) 2.7 (0.52) 7.4 (1.06) 61.0 (2.26) 27.7 (1.94) 17.5 (2.05

76 to 100 percent.................................. 17,300 (660) 19.1 (0.74) 89.2 (1.63) 59.0 (2.42) 42.2 (3.04) 66.5 (2.40) 6.1 (1.17) 11.9 (1.65) 61.1 (2.56) 16.6 (1.78) 19.2 (1.91

School locale

City........................................................ 21,600 (730) 23.8 (0.81) 89.4 (1.45) 55.6 (2.31) 36.5 (2.33) 63.2 (2.33) 4.1 (0.76) 9.7 (1.14) 61.3 (2.57) 14.5 (1.50) 13.2 (1.51Suburban .............................................. 25,900 (920) 28.6 (1.01) 89.7 (1.19) 44.9 (2.32) 13.5 (1.33) 50.4 (2.17) 2.2 ! (0.70) 5.3 (0.97) 57.9 (2.06) 17.3 (1.56) 10.5 (1.37Town...................................................... 13,900 (670) 15.3 (0.74) 90.2 (1.35) 41.2 (2.55) 10.0 (1.56) 51.9 (2.43) 2.3 (0.60) 5.3 (1.01) 63.6 (2.48) 30.1 (2.14) 16.2 (1.73

Rural ..................................................... 29,200 (1,010) 32.2 (1.07) 87.0 (1.13) 38.8 (1.78) 7.4 (0.85) 51.3 (1.87) 1.0 ! (0.31) 3.8 (0.67) 61.6 (1.86) 37.0 (1.48) 19.2 (1.32

Level5

Elementary............................................ 62,300 (580) 68.9 (0.54) 92.1 (0.71) 45.7 (1.61) 17.5 (1.05) 50.0 (1.38) 0.3 ! (0.14) 3.0 (0.48) 57.5 (1.47) 13.2 (0.83) 7.6 (0.84Secondary............................................. 21,600 (460) 23.8 (0.46) 82.1 (1.42) 43.3 (1.53) 12.1 (1.19) 64.4 (1.87) 5.2 (1.03) 11.9 (1.05) 68.5 (1.68) 54.6 (1.59) 30.5 (1.59

Combined ............................................. 6,600 (360) 7.3 (0.40) 79.8 (2.50) 42.6 (3.33) 21.4 (2.51) 57.3 (3.13) 11.3 (1.84) 13.4 (1.80) 66.0 (2.96) 39.1 (2.91) 31.7 (3.22

Private total...................................... 28,000 (330) 100.0 (†) 81.5 (1.15) 42.4 (1.22) 55.4 (1.19) 76.3 (1.08) 0.6 ! (0.19) 1.1 (0.24) 44.0 (1.06) 3.9 (0.43) 8.8 (0.69

School enrollment 

Under 300 ............................................. 22,800 (390) 81.7 (0.85) 80.6 (1.39) 41.7 (1.40) 51.9 (1.46) 73.7 (1.30) 0.6 ! (0.21) 1.3 (0.28) 41.3 (1.30) 2.5 (0.44) 9.0 (0.83

300 to 499............................................. 3,000 (190) 10.6 (0.70) 88.6 (1.95) 45.7 (3.07) 73.4 (3.13) 85.8 (2.14) 0.9 ! (0.85) 0.5 ! (0.70) 55.4 (2.90) 6.5 (1.32) 7.5 (1.50

500 to 999............................................. 1,800 (120) 6.3 (0.44) 83.0 (2.44) 43.4 (3.43) 69.4 (3.39) 89.4 (2.29) # (†) 0.2 ! (0.23) 59.3 (3.58) 17.1 (2.42) 8.2 (1.96

1,000 or more ....................................... 400 (50) 1.4 (0.19) 77.4 (5.07) 52.7 (7.16) 61.2 (6.89) 94.6 (2.34) # (†) # (†) 49.9 (7.21) 9.7 (3.78) 13.2 ! (4.95

Percent of students approved for free or 

reduced-price school lunch

School does not participate .................. 19,700 (400) 70.3 (1.05) 78.9 (1.43) 41.6 (1.45) 52.2 (1.48) 74.7 (1.34) 0.4 ! (0.14) 0.6 ! (0.20) 41.3 (1.48) 3.8 (0.48) 8.6 (0.80

0 to 25 percent...................................... 4,600 (230) 16.3 (0.81) 89.7 (2.03) 40.5 (3.06) 67.6 (2.83) 85.6 (2.08) # (†) 0.1 ! (0.09) 53.2 (3.04) 6.0 (1.42) 6.5 (1.4426 to 100 percent.................................. 3,700 (230) 13.3 (0.84) 85.5 (2.44) 48.8 (3.14) 57.3 (3.35) 72.8 (3.11) 2.3 ! (1.24) 4.7 ! (1.61) 47.0 (3.86) 2.3 ! (1.09) 12.7 (2.11

Level5

Elementary............................................ 16,100 (300) 57.6 (0.81) 84.1 (1.35) 45.6 (1.50) 62.2 (1.68) 75.9 (1.48) # (†) 0.1 ! (0.07) 42.0 (1.39) 0.4 ! (0.20) 2.1 (0.42Secondary............................................. 2,900 (170) 10.5 (0.59) 76.9 (2.83) 34.7 (3.37) 42.8 (3.22) 75.3 (3.36) 0.6 ! (0.64) 1.4 ! (1.02) 56.7 (3.25) 17.0 (2.32) 26.0 (3.64

Combined ............................................. 8,900 (270) 31.9 (0.88) 78.4 (2.11) 39.2 (2.27) 47.2 (2.23) 77.3 (1.72) 1.7 ! (0.59) 2.9 (0.70) 43.5 (2.46) 6.0 (1.00) 15.4 (1.54
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 168. Number and percentage of public schools reporting crime incidents, and number and rate of incidents, by school characteristics and type of incident: 1999–20Type of crime incident

All public schools,

1999–2000

All public schools,

2005–2006

2007–08

All public schools

Instruction level of school Size 

Primary Middle High Less than 300 300 to 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of public schools (in thousands)All schools ............................................................. 82 (#) 83 (0.4) 83 (0.4) 49 (0.3) 15 (0.1) 12 (0.1) 19 (0.3) 24 (

Schools with incident........................................ 71 (1.0) 71 (1.0) 71 (0.8) 39 (0.7) 15 (0.1) 12 (0.1) 14 (0.6) 20 (

Percent of schools with incident.... 86.3 (1.23) 85.7 (1.07) 85.5 (0.87) 78.4 (1.36) 97.9 (0.55) 98.6 (0.49) 72.6 (2.84) 81.9 (2

Violent incidents1................................................ 71.4 (1.37) 77.7 (1.11) 75.5 (1.09) 65.1 (1.64) 94.3 (0.88) 94.0 (1.07) 60.6 (3.53) 69.1 (2

Serious violent incidents2................................. 19.7 (0.98) 17.1 (0.91) 17.2 (1.06) 13.0 (1.69) 22.0 (1.32) 28.9 (1.53) 12.3 (2.21) 11.4 (1

Rape or attempted rape3 ............................. 0.7 (0.10) 0.3 (0.07) 0.8 (0.17) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1.8 (0.35) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Sexual battery other than rape4 .................. 2.5 (0.33) 2.8 (0.24) 2.5 (0.33) 1.0 ! (0.45) 3.8 (0.59) 7.7 (0.95) ‡ (†) 1.5 ! (0

Physical attack or fight5 with weapon6......... 5.2 (0.60) 3.0 (0.38) 3.0 (0.33) 1.9 (0.50) 5.3 (0.89) 5.8 (0.75) ‡ (†) 1.1 ! (0

Threat of attack with weapon6..................... 11.1 (0.70) 8.8 (0.66) 9.3 (0.77) 8.5 (1.28) 11.7 (1.04) 11.8 (1.15) 6.6 (1.69) 7.9 (1

Robbery7 with a weapon6............................ 0.5 ! (0.15) 0.4 (0.12) 0.5 ! (0.14) ‡ (†) 0.6 ! (0.22) 1.2 ! (0.42) ‡ (†) # 

Robbery7 without a weapon........................ 5.3 (0.56) 6.4 (0.59) 5.2 (0.56) 2.9 (0.74) 6.5 (0.81) 11.6 (1.00) 4.5 ! (1.50) 2.8 ! (0

Physical attack or fight without a weapon....... 63.7 (1.52) 74.3 (1.20) 72.7 (1.07) 62.1 (1.62) 91.4 (1.12) 91.8 (1.18) 57.7 (3.37) 66.3 (2Threat of attack without weapon ..................... 52.2 (1.47) 52.2 (1.27) 47.8 (1.19) 38.0 (1.88) 66.5 (1.53) 67.4 (1.83) 36.2 (3.20) 39.2 (2

Theft/larceny8....................................................... 45.6 (1.37) 46.0 (1.07) 47.3 (1.30) 30.6 (1.85) 69.5 (1.59) 83.7 (1.51) 33.3 (2.66) 35.6 (2

Other incidents9 .................................................. — (†) 68.2 (1.07) 67.4 (1.13) 55.1 (1.79) 84.0 (1.36) 93.5 (1.20) 47.6 (2.85) 62.1 (3

Possess firearm/explosive device10................. 5.5 (0.44) 7.2 (0.60) 4.7 (0.38) 2.9 (0.60) 6.9 (0.89) 10.9 (1.03) 1.2 ! (0.41) 2.5 ! (0

Possess knife or sharp object.......................... 42.6 (1.28) 42.8 (1.23) 40.6 (1.10) 32.4 (1.61) 53.9 (1.77) 60.4 (1.75) 20.8 (2.68) 33.5 (2

Distribution, possesion, or use of illegal drugs — (†) 25.9 (0.68) 23.2 (0.68) 3.1 (0.67) 43.8 (1.18) 76.8 (1.48) 9.5 (1.22) 12.2 (1

Distribution, possession, or use of alcohol..... — (†) 16.2 (0.68) 14.9 (0.57) 2.7 (0.68) 19.1 (1.07) 56.1 (1.74) 7.6 (1.51) 5.4 (0Vandalism11....................................................... 51.5 (1.61) 50.5 (1.17) 49.3 (1.16) 39.2 (1.82) 64.5 (1.75) 73.5 (1.65) 35.6 (2.79) 45.8 (2

Number of incidents (in thousands) 2,259 (117.0) 2,191 (45.0) 2,041 (65.4) 749 (54.4) 601 (23.2) 584 (16.4) 195 (22.9) 339 (3

Violent incidents1................................................ 1,466 (103.7) 1,489 (39.0) 1,332 (62.1) 589 (52.1) 401 (16.1) 277 (10.9) 138 (20.3) 243 (3

Serious violent incidents2................................. 61 (7.0) 59 (6.8) 58 (6.6) 24 (5.2) 19 (2.9) 14 (1.4) 7 ! (2.8) 8 (

Rape or attempted rape3 ............................. 1 (0.1) # (†) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Sexual battery other than rape4 .................. 4 (1.1) 4 (0.4) 4 (0.6) 1 ! (0.5) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Physical attack or fight5 with weapon6......... 12 (2.5) 7 (1.6) 14 (3.9) 8 ! (3.5) 5 ! (1.8) 2 (0.5) ‡ (†) 1 ! (

Threat of attack with weapon6..................... 21 (1.9) 25 (6.5) 20 (2.6) 10 (1.8) 6 (1.6) 4 (0.5) 2 ! (0.7) 5 (

Robbery7 with a weapon6............................ ‡ (†) 1 ! (0.2) 1 ! (0.2) ‡ (†) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) # 

Robbery7 without a weapon6....................... 20 (3.2) 22 (2.5) 19 (3.1) ‡ (†) 6 (1.2) 7 (1.1) ‡ (†) 2 ! (

Physical attack or fight without a weapon....... 807 (59.6) 898 (25.5) 812 (45.7) 380 (40.7) 239 (10.6) 163 (7.0) 72 (9.1) 139 (2

Threat of attack without weapon ..................... 599 (52.7) 533 (20.3) 462 (29.4) 185 (22.2) 143 (9.0) 100 (6.1) 58 (14.6) 96 (1

Theft/larceny8....................................................... 218 (9.2) 243 (6.2) 269 (9.5) 48 (4.9) 80 (5.7) 123 (4.3) 21 (4.7) 32 (

Other incidents9.............................................. — (†) 459 (11.2) 440 (11.2) 112 (7.0) 120 (5.9) 184 (6.6) 36 (5.3) 65 (

Possess firearm/explosive device10................. 9 (2.2) 12 (1.9) 5 (0.5) 2 (0.4) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.2) # (†) 1 (

Possess knife or sharp object.......................... 86 (4.0) 90 (2.3) 77 (2.4) 28 (1.9) 21 (1.1) 24 (1.1) 7 (1.1) 13 (Distribution, possesion, or use of illegal drugs — (†) 117 (4.3) 107 (4.1) 3 (0.9) 25 (2.8) 73 (2.9) 7 ! (2.9) 7 (Distribution, possession, or use of alcohol..... — (†) 47 (2.4) 38 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 7 (0.5) 27 (1.2) 2 (0.5) 2 (Vandalism11....................................................... 211 (13.6) 193 (7.2) 212 (8.8) 78 (6.4) 66 (4.3) 59 (3.7) 20 (2.7) 42 (

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Number of incidents per 

100,000 students........................ 4,849 (252.4) 4,584 (95.9) 4,270 (134.1) 3,259 (239.4) 6,197 (232.4) 4,691 (120.6) 4,883 (549.3) 3,400 (35

Violent incidents1................................................ 3,147 (223.8) 3,116 (82.3) 2,788 (127.9) 2,560 (228.7) 4,133 (159.7) 2,229 (81.8) 3,442 (497.4) 2,433 (31

Serious violent incidents2................................. 130 (15.2) 124 (14.2) 122 (13.8) 105 (22.4) 191 (29.9) 113 (11.8) 181 ! (71.0) 79 (1

Rape or attempted rape3 ............................. 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 2 (0.5) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Sexual battery other than rape4 .................. 9 (2.4) 9 (0.8) 8 (1.3) 5 ! (2.2) 12 (2.5) 13 (2.4) ‡ (†) ‡ 

Physical attack or fight5 with weapon6......... 26 (5.4) 15 (3.4) 29 (8.2) 33 ! (15.3) 48 ! (18.1) 14 (3.9) ‡ (†) 5 ! (

Threat of attack with weapon6..................... 45 (4.1) 52 (13.7) 42 (5.4) 43 (7.7) 65 (16.7) 30 (3.9) 58 ! (19.3) 48 (1

Robbery7 with a weapon6............................ ‡ (†) 1 ! (0.5) 1 ! (0.5) ‡ (†) 3 ! (1.1) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) # 

Robbery7 without a weapon........................ 43 (6.8) 46 (5.2) 39 (6.6) ‡ (†) 62 (11.9) 52 (9.1) ‡ (†) 16 ! (

Physical attack or fight without a weapon....... 1,732 (128.8) 1,878 (54.5) 1,699 (93.8) 1,651 (179.5) 2,468 (107.9) 1,309 (53.9) 1,812 (220.0) 1,391 (19

Threat of attack without weapon ..................... 1,285 (113.2) 1,114 (42.6) 967 (61.5) 805 (95.8) 1,474 (90.1) 807 (46.9) 1,449 (363.2) 963 (16

Theft/larceny8....................................................... 468 (20.2) 508 (12.8) 563 (20.1) 210 (21.1) 830 (58.3) 986 (34.2) 535 (114.6) 319 (3

Other incidents9 .................................................. — (†) 960 (24.4) 920 (23.5) 488 (30.7) 1,235 (60.8) 1,477 (50.1) 906 (129.9) 648 (4

Possess firearm/explosive device10................. 18 (4.8) 26 (4.0) 11 (1.0) 8 (1.8) 15 (2.2) 15 (1.6) 6 ! (2.0) 6 (

Possess knife or sharp object.......................... 184 (8.7) 188 (4.9) 161 (4.7) 120 (8.1) 220 (10.5) 190 (9.0) 173 (26.7) 130 (1

Distribution, possesion, or use of illegal drugs — (†) 245 (9.3) 225 (8.3) 14 (3.9) 253 (29.0) 585 (21.2) 170 ! (72.4) 69 (Distribution, possession, or use of alcohol..... — (†) 98 (5.2) 79 (2.9) 7 (1.6) 68 (5.2) 216 (8.7) 59 (12.3) 22 (Vandalism11....................................................... 453 (28.6) 403 (15.0) 444 (19.0) 340 (28.4) 679 (44.5) 471 (29.7) 499 (68.1) 421 (4

See notes at end of table.

Table 168. Number and percentage of public schools reporting crime incidents, and number and rate of incidents, by school characteristics and type of incident: 1999–20Type of crime incident

All public schools,

1999–2000

All public schools,

2005–2006

2007–08

All public schools

Instruction level of school Size 

Primary Middle High Less than 300 300 to 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 168. Number and percentage of public schools reporting crime incidents, and number and rate of incidents, by school characteristics and type of incident: 1999–200Type of crime incident

2007–08

Urbanicity

Combined percent Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, 

and American Indian/Alaska Native enrollment Percent 

City Urban fringe Town Rural Less than 5 5 to less than 20 20 to less than 50 50 or more 

1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 

Number of public schools (in thousands)All schools .................................................................... 21 (0.2) 24 (0.1) 12 (0.2) 26 (0.3) 14 (0.7) 21 (0.6) 20 (0.7) 28 (0.7) 18 

Schools with incident............................................... 19 (0.4) 20 (0.4) 10 (0.4) 21 (0.5) 11 (0.7) 18 (0.6) 18 (0.7) 25 (0.7) 14 

Percent of schools with incident........... 91.0 (1.71) 84.9 (1.77) 87.8 (2.85) 80.5 (1.90) 78.3 (3.02) 82.3 (2.64) 87.6 (2.01) 89.9 (1.77) 79.7 

Violent incidents1....................................................... 82.1 (2.01) 73.7 (2.17) 80.0 (2.79) 69.5 (2.13) 66.7 (3.34) 72.7 (2.51) 77.3 (2.40) 80.5 (2.21) 65.7 

Serious violent incidents2........................................ 20.2 (2.15) 17.4 (1.29) 17.6 (2.51) 14.4 (1.59) 15.0 (2.52) 13.7 (1.38) 15.2 (1.77) 22.5 (1.88) 14.6 

Rape or attempted rape3 .................................... 1.0 ! (0.32) 1.2 ! (0.52) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 0.7 ! (0.35) ‡ (†) 1.0 ! (0.34) 1.1 ! 

Sexual battery other than rape4 ......................... 2.7 (0.72) 2.4 (0.45) 1.5 (0.39) 2.8 (0.73) 1.0 ! (0.36) 1.5 (0.43) 3.8 (0.89) 3.0 (0.56) 3.3 

Physical attack or fight5 with weapon6................ 5.0 (0.83) 3.4 (0.58) 2.3 ! (0.91) 1.2 ! (0.36) 0.4 ! (0.19) 2.5 (0.64) 2.4 (0.49) 5.0 (0.79) 1.7 

Threat of attack with weapon6............................ 10.1 (1.85) 9.1 (1.15) 10.9 (2.16) 8.2 (1.29) 10.7 (2.33) 7.9 (1.17) 6.8 (1.19) 11.6 (1.54) 7.5 

Robbery7 with a weapon6................................... 0.9 ! (0.41) 0.6 ! (0.30) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 0.3 ! (0.11) 1.0 ! (0.38) ‡ 

Robbery7 without a weapon............................... 8.3 (1.21) 4.4 (0.85) 5.0 ! (1.65) 3.4 (0.78) 3.7 ! (1.26) 3.2 (0.81) 3.6 (0.79) 8.5 (1.06) 3.5 

Physical attack or fight without a weapon.............. 81.0 (2.03) 69.0 (2.35) 77.5 (2.92) 67.1 (2.02) 64.1 (3.27) 67.4 (2.58) 75.6 (2.36) 78.9 (2.12) 61.4 Threat of attack without weapon ............................ 56.3 (2.69) 45.5 (2.35) 48.3 (3.26) 42.8 (2.24) 46.3 (3.24) 44.4 (2.26) 46.9 (2.75) 51.8 (2.29) 42.8 

Theft/larceny8.............................................................. 54.5 (2.08) 40.3 (1.94) 49.1 (3.25) 47.1 (2.89) 46.1 (3.26) 43.0 (2.28) 45.8 (2.84) 52.4 (2.18) 45.8 

Other incidents9 ......................................................... 77.5 (2.55) 66.7 (2.16) 66.4 (3.77) 60.2 (2.51) 60.6 (3.08) 62.0 (3.23) 70.0 (2.65) 72.9 (2.31) 64.8 

Possess firearm/explosive device10........................ 8.1 (1.06) 3.9 (0.65) 3.1 (0.72) 3.3 (0.58) 1.3 ! (0.53) 3.2 (0.65) 4.6 (0.70) 7.6 (1.05) 2.5 

Possess knife or sharp object................................. 50.1 (2.84) 39.3 (2.34) 42.0 (3.51) 33.3 (2.23) 29.0 (2.57) 33.9 (2.42) 44.6 (2.48) 48.6 (2.32) 32.3 

Distribution, possesion, or use of illegal drugs...... 26.6 (1.36) 20.9 (0.78) 25.9 (2.02) 21.2 (1.19) 22.7 (1.76) 21.6 (1.34) 23.5 (1.42) 24.4 (1.30) 25.6 Distribution, possession, or use of alcohol............ 17.1 (1.40) 13.7 (0.78) 15.3 (1.54) 13.9 (1.22) 12.9 (1.94) 15.6 (1.04) 16.0 (1.25) 14.5 (1.00) 19.1 Vandalism11.............................................................. 61.5 (2.94) 52.5 (2.27) 44.7 (3.10) 38.6 (2.21) 38.5 (3.23) 45.1 (3.08) 52.7 (2.25) 55.4 (2.65) 49.5 

Number of incidents (in thousands)..... 740 (39.8) 603 (28.0) 240 (20.0) 458 (37.7) 188 (15.1) 380 (20.9) 526 (40.2) 947 (45.3) 311 

Violent incidents1....................................................... 495 (34.3) 381 (25.4) 159 (16.3) 298 (34.5) 117 (12.1) 226 (17.2) 350 (37.6) 640 (38.3) 160 

Serious violent incidents2........................................ 27 (5.3) 15 (3.4) 7 (1.4) 9 (1.2) 5 (1.0) 7 (1.0) 11 (1.7) 36 (6.0) 6 

Rape or attempted rape3 .................................... # (†) # (†) ‡ (†) # (†) ‡ (†) # (†) ‡ (†) # (†) # 

Sexual battery other than rape4 ......................... 1 ! (0.5) 1 (0.3) # (†) 1 (0.2) # (†) # (†) 1 (0.3) 2 (0.5) 1 

Physical attack or fight5 with weapon6................ 8 ! (3.5) 4 ! (1.7) 1 ! (0.4) ‡ (†) # (†) 1 ! (0.6) 2 ! (0.6) 11 ! (3.8) 1 ! 

Threat of attack with weapon6............................ 6 (1.1) 6 (1.7) 5 (1.2) 4 (0.8) 3 (0.8) 4 (0.8) 4 ! (1.2) 10 (2.0) 2 

Robbery7 with a weapon6................................... # (†) # (†) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (0.0) ‡ (†) # (†) ‡ 

Robbery7 without a weapon............................... 11 (3.1) 4 (0.9) 1 ! (0.4) 2 (0.6) 1 ! (0.4) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.8) 13 (3.2) 2 

Physical attack or fight without a weapon.............. 299 (25.3) 241 (19.3) 88 (8.5) 184 (26.6) 63 (7.3) 138 (13.3) 221 (28.1) 391 (26.5) 100 

Threat of attack without weapon ............................ 168 (14.8) 124 (11.7) 63 (9.7) 106 (15.3) 49 (6.4) 81 (8.3) 118 (14.4) 214 (20.4) 54 

Theft/larceny8.............................................................. 85 (5.0) 84 (4.6) 32 (2.8) 68 (5.9) 32 (2.5) 66 (4.0) 68 (4.3) 103 (7.1) 67 

Other incidents9 ......................................................... 160 (8.5) 138 (7.5) 49 (3.5) 92 (5.3) 40 (3.0) 87 (4.0) 109 (5.7) 204 (10.3) 84 

Possess firearm/explosive device10........................ 2 (0.3) 2 (0.3) # (†) 1 (0.2) # (†) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.4) 1 

Possess knife or sharp object................................. 27 (2.2) 21 (1.3) 11 (1.0) 19 (1.3) 8 (1.0) 15 (1.2) 21 (1.3) 33 (2.0) 11 

Distribution, possesion, or use of illegal drugs...... 36 (2.4) 31 (1.8) 13 (1.4) 27 (3.4) 11 (1.3) 25 (1.5) 28 (1.7) 43 (3.8) 24 Distribution, possession, or use of alcohol............ 12 (1.0) 12 (0.8) 5 (0.6) 9 (0.8) 4 (0.6) 11 (0.8) 10 (0.7) 13 (0.9) 12 Vandalism11.............................................................. 83 (5.7) 73 (6.8) 20 (2.5) 36 (2.5) 16 (1.9) 36 (2.9) 48 (4.3) 112 (8.2) 36 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. #Rounds to zero. !Interpret data with caution. ‡Reporting standards not met. 1Violent incidents include serious violent incidents (i.e., rape or attempted rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with a weapon, threat of physical attack with a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon) plus physical

attack or fight without a weapon and threat of physical attack without a weapon.2Serious violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with aweapon, threat of physical attack with a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.3Rape was defined for respondents as “forced sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, or oral penetration). This includes penetration from a foreign object.”4Sexual battery was defined for respondents as an “incident that includes threatened rape, fondling, indecent liberties, childmolestation, or sodomy.”5Physical attack or fight was defined for respondents as an “actual and intentional touching or striking of another personagainst his or her will, or the intentional causing of bodily harm to an individual.”6Weapon was defined for respondents as “any instrument or object used with the intent to threaten, injure, or kill. Includeslook-alikes if they are used to threaten others.”7Robbery was defined for respondents as “the taking or attempting to take anything of value that is owned by another personor organization, under confrontational circumstances by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

A key difference between robbery and theft/larceny is that robbery involves a threat or battery.”

8Theft/larceny (taking things over $10 without personal confrontation) was defined for respondents as “the unlawful taking ofanother person’s property without personal confrontation, threat, violence, or bodily harm. Included are pocket picking, stealing purse or backpack (if left unattended or no force was used to take it from 

vehicle or motor vehicle parts or accessories, theft of bicycles, theft from vend9Other incidents include possession of a firearm or explosive device; possesssession, or use of illegal drugs or alcohol; and vandalism. 10Firearm/explosive device was defined as “any weapon that is designed to (o

by the action of an explosive. This includes guns, bombs, grenades, mines, rodesigned to explode and capable of causing bodily harm or property damage

11Vandalism was defined for respondents as “the willful damage or destructio

graffiti, and other acts that cause property damage. Includes damage caused NOTE: Either the school principal or the person most knowledgeable about dtionnaire. If the respondent did not provide a value for the total number of simputed to equal the number of specified incidents reported to police. Includschool grounds, on school buses, and at places that are holding school-sponnormal school hours or when school activities/events were in session. Primalowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higheschools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grdefined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and thpublic schools also includes schools with other combinations of grades (inclurately. The table excludes schools with a high grade of kindergarten or lower tion, vocational, alternative/other, and ungraded schools. Detail may not sum appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education S(SSOCS), 2000, 2006, and 2008. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 168. Number and percentage of public schools reporting crime incidents, and number and rate of incidents, by school characteristics and type of incident: 1999–200Type of crime incident

2007–08

Urbanicity

Combined percent Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, 

and American Indian/Alaska Native enrollment Percent 

City Urban fringe Town Rural Less than 5 5 to less than 20 20 to less than 50 50 or more 

1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 

Number of incidents per 100,000 

students.......................................... 5,356 (279.0) 3,615 (160.4) 3,997 (323.0) 4,057 (343.8) 3,497 (241.6) 3,158 (182.6) 4,069 (299.7) 5,422 (248.1) 2,600 

Violent incidents1....................................................... 3,582 (243.3) 2,282 (146.9) 2,642 (264.7) 2,642 (309.0) 2,170 (202.3) 1,880 (150.1) 2,705 (287.5) 3,664 (211.7) 1,335 

Serious violent incidents2........................................ 194 (37.8) 93 (20.6) 120 (23.1) 78 (11.0) 85 (18.8) 62 (7.8) 81 (13.2) 205 (33.6) 51 

Rape or attempted rape3 .................................... 2 ! (0.8) 2 ! (0.7) ‡ (†) 1 ! (0.4) ‡ (†) 2 ! (0.7) ‡ (†) 2 ! (0.7) 2 ! 

Sexual battery other than rape4 ......................... 9 ! (3.5) 7 (1.8) 5 ! (1.7) 10 (2.2) 4 ! (1.8) 4 ! (1.2) 10 (2.4) 11 (2.9) 6 

Physical attack or fight5 with weapon6................ 60 ! (25.1) 23 ! (10.4) 16 ! (7.4) ‡ (†) 2 ! (0.9) 11 ! (5.0) 13 ! (4.8) 62 ! (21.7) 6 ! 

Threat of attack with weapon6............................ 40 (8.1) 35 (10.3) 78 (20.8) 37 (6.8) 51 (14.2) 33 (6.6) 31 ! (9.6) 55 (11.4) 19 

Robbery7 with a weapon6................................... 3 ! (1.1) 1 ! (0.5) # (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 2 ! (0.9) ‡ 

Robbery7 without a weapon............................... 80 (22.3) 25 (5.4) 20 ! (7.1) 20 (5.4) 24 ! (7.8) 12 (2.5) 26 (6.2) 73 (18.0) 17 

Physical attack or fight without a weapon.............. 2,168 (179.6) 1,444 (112.8) 1,466 (138.8) 1,628 (239.2) 1,166 (123.8) 1,146 (113.9) 1,710 (218.4) 2,236 (147.6) 835 

Threat of attack without weapon ............................ 1,219 (107.4) 746 (68.5) 1,056 (159.2) 936 (134.5) 919 (114.2) 672 (71.7) 913 (107.9) 1,223 (115.7) 449 

Theft/larceny8.............................................................. 616 (36.9) 504 (27.3) 534 (45.4) 599 (54.6) 590 (44.6) 552 (32.2) 523 (30.7) 591 (39.9) 560 

Other incidents9 ......................................................... 1,158 (58.6) 828 (44.8) 821 (55.4) 815 (50.2) 737 (49.7) 727 (34.5) 841 (37.8) 1,167 (58.7) 705 

Possess firearm/explosive device10........................ 16 (1.9) 9 (1.9) 7 (1.5) 10 (1.8) 4 ! (1.5) 7 (1.3) 9 (1.5) 18 (2.6) 4 

Possess knife or sharp object................................. 195 (14.6) 123 (7.6) 180 (16.7) 165 (11.5) 147 (16.5) 126 (9.3) 164 (10.7) 188 (10.3) 93 

Distribution, possesion, or use of illegal drugs...... 259 (16.0) 187 (10.1) 222 (21.3) 240 (30.3) 210 (21.8) 207 (12.7) 217 (12.7) 247 (21.7) 201 Distribution, possession, or use of alcohol............ 86 (7.2) 70 (4.6) 82 (9.7) 82 (7.5) 81 (11.1) 87 (6.7) 79 (5.2) 73 (4.7) 102 Vandalism11.............................................................. 601 (41.9) 439 (40.9) 330 (42.0) 318 (22.9) 295 (34.5) 300 (25.1) 372 (29.6) 642 (47.7) 305 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 169. Number of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006State

Students suspended1

Total

Sex Race/ethnicity

Male Female White Black Hispanic As

1 234567

United States ................................. 3,328,750 (20,038) 2,272,290 (13,667) 1,056,470 (6,842) 1,302,410 (9,493) 1,244,820 (11,267) 670,700 (6,889) 63

Alabama ................................................. 75,090 (727) 50,580 (485) 24,510 (256) 25,730 (380) 47,810 (690) 960 (11) 

Alaska..................................................... 8,060 (427) 5,660 (306) 2,390 (124) 3,470 (72) 620 (5) 380 (10) 

Arizona ................................................... 56,000 (1,117) 40,900 (800) 15,110 (347) 19,130 (291) 5,960 (118) 25,010 (387) 

Arkansas................................................. 34,920 (1,191) 24,870 (910) 10,050 (318) 16,340 (757) 16,310 (819) 1,870 (121) 

California ................................................ 474,590 (11,349) 340,090 (8,199) 134,500 (3,481) 115,320 (3,178) 84,860 (4,117) 242,110 (6,179) 24

Colorado ................................................. 47,650 (463) 33,580 (353) 14,070 (142) 22,380 (339) 6,030 (12) 17,600 (185) 

Connecticut............................................. 36,370 (2,749) 24,240 (1,770) 12,130 (999) 14,430 (1,304) 12,700 (1,536) 8,620 (890) 

Delaware2 ............................................... 12,150 (†) 7,890 (†) 4,260 (†) 3,890 (†) 7,110 (†) 1,020 (†) 

District of Columbia2 ............................... 210 (†) 120 (†) 80 (†) 10 (†) 190 (†) 10 (†) 

Florida..................................................... 291,820 (3,692) 192,470 (2,270) 99,350 (1,454) 105,550 (1,744) 129,630 (2,599) 54,170 (534) 1

Georgia................................................... 143,560 (2,598) 95,080 (1,757) 48,470 (877) 37,670 (1,334) 96,980 (1,684) 7,800 (297) 1

Hawaii2.................................................... 9,770 (†) 6,640 (†) 3,120 (†) 1,290 (†) 290 (†) 310 (†) 7

Idaho....................................................... 9,100 (434) 6,980 (326) 2,120 (115) 6,850 (385) 90 (5) 1,750 (85) 

Illinois...................................................... 130,650 (2,807) 86,950 (1,987) 43,700 (892) 41,270 (1,742) 63,590 (1,940) 24,340 (637) 1

Indiana.................................................... 77,460 (2,737) 53,300 (1,860) 24,170 (945) 49,720 (2,094) 22,420 (1,266) 4,850 (557) Iowa ........................................................ 14,190 (440) 9,860 (294) 4,330 (167) 10,000 (397) 2,960 (64) 930 (37) Kansas.................................................... 24,300 (701) 17,160 (531) 7,140 (197) 13,680 (621) 5,920 (67) 3,950 (71) Kentucky ................................................. 43,420 (2,319) 29,840 (1,636) 13,580 (734) 32,800 (1,780) 9,870 (1,002) 620 (46) 

Louisiana ................................................ 67,780 (2,535) 44,370 (1,636) 23,410 (911) 23,370 (1,721) 43,040 (1,536) 730 (21) 

Maine...................................................... 8,540 (440) 6,340 (345) 2,200 (114) 7,880 (421) 420 (16) 110 (22) 

Maryland2 ............................................... 60,550 (†) 38,780 (†) 21,770 (†) 23,600 (†) 26,450 (†) 9,220 (†) 1

Massachusetts........................................ 49,930 (2,490) 32,960 (1,580) 16,970 (944) 28,040 (1,627) 7,650 (311) 12,780 (1,231) 1

Michigan ................................................. 131,750 (5,404) 89,450 (3,547) 42,310 (2,039) 71,480 (2,916) 52,580 (4,227) 5,650 (528) 

Minnesota ............................................... 30,780 (674) 21,360 (476) 9,420 (234) 15,760 (541) 9,910 (189) 2,440 (110) 1Mississippi .............................................. 51,940 (1,756) 34,420 (1,154) 17,520 (623) 13,050 (565) 38,250 (1,495) 380 (34) Missouri .................................................. 67,820 (2,020) 47,010 (1,408) 20,810 (643) 32,790 (1,174) 32,560 (1,551) 1,780 (63) 

Montana.................................................. 6,500 (232) 4,600 (163) 1,900 (78) 4,490 (177) 70 (3) 120 (6) 

Nebraska ................................................ 10,600 (185) 7,240 (142) 3,360 (49) 5,620 (121) 2,820 (5) 1,770 (71) 

Nevada2 .................................................. 31,620 (†) 20,690 (†) 10,930 (†) 9,700 (†) 7,360 (†) 12,850 (†) 1

New Hampshire ...................................... 10,170 (498) 6,770 (399) 3,400 (111) 9,080 (489) 310 (8) 670 (7) 

New Jersey ............................................. 79,030 (3,559) 53,730 (2,347) 25,300 (1,260) 28,260 (2,252) 30,520 (1,609) 18,700 (1,170) 1

New Mexico ............................................ 17,140 (572) 11,560 (387) 5,570 (196) 3,970 (171) 590 (15) 9,510 (497) 

New York................................................. 106,670 (3,845) 72,970 (2,437) 33,700 (1,456) 49,950 (1,918) 38,640 (2,377) 16,040 (857) 1

North Carolina ........................................ 149,780 (6,774) 101,920 (4,535) 47,860 (2,350) 50,630 (2,234) 85,000 (4,561) 9,250 (392) 

North Dakota .......................................... 2,140 (153) 1,460 (100) 670 (59) 1,260 (71) 100 (2) 50 (3) Ohio ........................................................ 109,370 (4,049) 73,860 (2,696) 35,500 (1,442) 62,880 (2,712) 43,030 (2,880) 2,810 (357) 

Oklahoma ............................................... 31,160 (966) 21,830 (706) 9,330 (286) 14,940 (627) 8,210 (403) 3,150 (78) 

Oregon.................................................... 27,470 (1,028) 20,140 (732) 7,330 (322) 19,520 (773) 1,620 (44) 4,870 (339) Pennsylvania........................................... 114,040 (6,402) 74,950 (4,013) 39,090 (2,435) 53,090 (2,856) 52,730 (4,090) 6,950 (568) 1

Rhode Island .......................................... 12,250 (1,071) 8,040 (776) 4,210 (309) 6,920 (847) 1,930 (200) 2,950 (143) South Carolina........................................ 83,830 (2,289) 54,320 (1,547) 29,520 (828) 25,750 (1,067) 55,540 (1,753) 2,120 (302) South Dakota.......................................... 3,100 (161) 2,180 (112) 910 (52) 1,850 (87) 170 (3) 110 (1) Tennessee .............................................. 73,380 (2,200) 49,860 (1,562) 23,520 (666) 39,350 (1,655) 31,280 (924) 2,290 (64) 

Texas ...................................................... 253,530 (2,298) 173,460 (1,671) 80,070 (693) 46,910 (824) 82,270 (1,276) 121,480 (1,411) 2

Utah ........................................................ 16,350 (119) 11,740 (97) 4,610 (50) 10,020 (98) 540 (2) 4,640 (20) Vermont .................................................. 3,430 (136) 2,420 (99) 1,010 (44) 3,260 (129) 100 (8) 30 (4) 

Virginia.................................................... 91,810 (2,805) 61,580 (1,867) 30,230 (991) 35,200 (1,080) 49,590 (2,284) 5,490 (165) 1Washington............................................. 59,920 (1,326) 44,470 (1,011) 15,450 (335) 36,360 (1,082) 7,060 (37) 10,280 (390) 3

West Virginia........................................... 30,750 (2,986) 21,430 (2,033) 9,330 (962) 27,270 (2,482) 3,090 (548) 310 (73) 

Wisconsin ............................................... 43,680 (1,126) 28,210 (721) 15,460 (449) 18,480 (724) 18,010 (399) 4,650 (65) 

Wyoming................................................. 2,680 (400) 1,970 (288) 710 (119) 2,200 (346) 40 (5) 250 (43) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1A student is counted only once, even if suspended more than once during the same school year.2Data are based on universe counts of schools and school districts; therefore, these figures do not have standard errors.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may noerrors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Civil Rights DJuly 2008.)

Table 169. Number of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006–ContinuedState

Students expelled

Total

Sex Race/ethnicity

Male Female White Black Hispanic A

1 10 11 12 13 14 15 

United States ................................. 102,080 (1,329) 76,360 (976) 25,720 (398) 38,030 (612) 38,640 (935) 22,140 (388) 

Alabama ................................................. 1,300 (21) 900 (21) 400 (5) 390 (8) 870 (19) 40 (#) 

Alaska..................................................... 180 (4) 140 (2) 50 (4) 100 (3) 30 (#) 10 (#) Arizona ................................................... 660 (41) 530 (36) 130 (6) 260 (32) 60 (3) 300 (16) Arkansas................................................. 500 (43) 360 (29) 130 (19) 310 (32) 150 (15) 30 ! (9) California ................................................ 19,460 (608) 15,600 (477) 3,870 (152) 5,350 (230) 3,010 (128) 9,960 (360) 

Colorado ................................................. 2,210 (62) 1,760 (43) 450 (25) 1,000 (32) 260 (2) 860 (47) Connecticut............................................. 1,330 (135) 970 (87) 360 (56) 470 (54) 490 (80) 340 (53) Delaware2 ............................................... 230 (†) 170 (†) 50 (†) 100 (†) 110 (†) 10 (†) 

District of Columbia2 ............................... 130 (†) 70 (†) 60 (†) # (†) 120 (†) 10 (†) 

Florida..................................................... 1,120 (71) 860 (60) 270 (12) 530 (39) 420 (33) 160 (9) Georgia................................................... 3,660 (170) 2,740 (131) 930 (46) 1,390 (93) 2,100 (92) 150 (15) Hawaii2.................................................... # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) 

Idaho....................................................... 230 (11) 190 (9) 40 (5) 140 (9) # (†) 70 (6) Illinois...................................................... 2,760 (132) 2,040 (80) 730 (60) 890 (116) 1,390 (31) 460 (14) 

Indiana.................................................... 6,620 (395) 4,560 (272) 2,060 (137) 4,510 (309) 1,610 (119) 460 (45) Iowa ........................................................ 200 (39) 160 (31) 40 (8) 160 (34) 20 (3) 20 ! (6) Kansas.................................................... 850 (63) 630 (35) 220 (30) 430 (58) 280 (7) 110 (6) Kentucky ................................................. 540 (110) 370 (72) 170 ! (45) 400 (67) 130 ! (68) # (†) Louisiana ................................................ 5,800 (212) 4,120 (159) 1,680 (56) 1,500 (113) 4,180 (157) 70 (3) 

Maine...................................................... 160 (21) 130 (14) 40 ! (10) 160 (21) # (†) # (†) Maryland2 ............................................... 1,560 (†) 1,190 (†) 360 (†) 340 (†) 1,010 (†) 200 (†) 

Massachusetts........................................ 530 (35) 410 (27) 120 (12) 200 (31) 180 (8) 140 (7) Michigan ................................................. 2,140 (149) 1,610 (113) 530 (46) 1,030 (77) 950 (108) 110 (15) 

Minnesota ............................................... 250 (16) 200 (15) 50 (5) 150 (12) 50 (1) 20 (3) 

Mississippi .............................................. 1,490 (73) 1,090 (64) 400 (15) 290 (47) 1,190 (45) 10 (#) Missouri .................................................. 280 (36) 220 (26) 60 (15) 210 (35) 60 (4) 10 (#) Montana.................................................. 100 (10) 90 (9) 20 (3) 60 (8) # (†) # (†) Nebraska ................................................ 650 (11) 480 (9) 170 (2) 290 (7) 210 (1) 110 (4) Nevada2 .................................................. 1,520 (†) 1,190 (†) 340 (†) 490 (†) 410 (†) 530 (†) 

New Hampshire ...................................... 120 ! (38) 80 ! (22) 40 ! (17) 100 ! (36) 10 (2) # (†) New Jersey ............................................. 270 ! (118) 250 ! (118) 20 ! (5) 100 ! (49) 70 ! (23) 80 ! (39) New Mexico ............................................ 240 (16) 200 (14) 50 (3) 40 (3) 10 (#) 110 (10) New York................................................. 890 (180) 700 (143) 190 (41) 580 (144) 240 ! (75) 60 (11) 

North Carolina ........................................ 1,970 ! (830) 1,480 ! (572) 500 ! (260) 300 (52) 1,580 ! (821) 60 (9) 

North Dakota .......................................... 20 (6) 20 (4) # (†) 10 (2) # (†) # (†) Ohio ........................................................ 8,150 (319) 5,450 (223) 2,700 (115) 2,810 (214) 4,970 (194) 340 (27) Oklahoma ............................................... 2,200 (73) 1,550 (55) 650 (23) 1,070 (47) 640 (22) 130 (7) Oregon.................................................... 1,890 (140) 1,490 (124) 400 (24) 1,320 (105) 110 (17) 360 (12) Pennsylvania........................................... 2,750 (122) 1,890 (93) 860 (40) 1,110 (88) 1,440 (61) 160 (11) Rhode Island .......................................... # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) 

South Carolina........................................ 5,130 (271) 3,730 (201) 1,400 (81) 1,390 (97) 3,650 (224) 70 (10) 

South Dakota.......................................... 120 ! (52) 90 ! (39) 30 ! (13) 40 ! (24) # (†) 10 ! (3) Tennessee .............................................. 3,200 (77) 2,440 (60) 760 (21) 1,350 (70) 1,700 (9) 120 (2) Texas ...................................................... 11,990 (232) 9,010 (190) 2,980 (50) 2,630 (115) 3,760 (90) 5,450 (91) 

Utah ........................................................ 250 (5) 190 (5) 60 (#) 160 (5) 20 (#) 40 (1) Vermont .................................................. 40 ! (16) 40 ! (14) 10 ! (2) 40 ! (16) # (†) # (†) Virginia.................................................... 1,150 (174) 980 (163) 170 (18) 580 ! (162) 440 (45) 90 (5) Washington............................................. 3,470 (130) 2,770 (104) 700 (35) 2,140 (101) 280 (6) 720 (40) West Virginia........................................... 210 (34) 140 (22) 60 (14) 190 (30) 10 ! (5) # (†) Wisconsin ............................................... 1,470 (65) 1,030 (50) 440 (26) 830 (60) 430 (10) 140 (12) Wyoming................................................. 100 (16) 90 (12) 10 ! (4) 90 (16) # (†) 10 (#) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution.1Data are based on universe counts of schools and school districts; therefore, these figures do not have standard errors.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may noerrors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Civil Rights DMay 2008.)

Table 170. Percentage of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006State

Percent suspended Percent expelled

Total

Sex Race/ethnicity

Total

Sex 

Male Female White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native Male Female White Bla

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

United States......................... 6.9 (0.04) 9.1 (0.06) 4.5 (0.03) 4.8 (0.04) 15.0 (0.14) 6.8 (0.07) 2.7 (0.04) 7.9 (0.49) 0.21 (0.003) 0.31 (0.004) 0.11 (0.002) 0.14 (0.002) 0.47 (0.0

Alabama...................................... 10.1 (0.11) 13.3 (0.15) 6.8 (#) 5.8 (0.10) 18.3 (0.32) 4.3 (0.10) 3.2 (0.14) 4.8 (0.49) 0.18 (0.003) 0.24 (0.006) 0.11 (0.002) 0.09 (0.002) 0.33 (0.0

Alaska ......................................... 5.9 (0.35) 8.0 (0.47) 3.6 (0.21) 4.6 (0.13) 10.0 (0.10) 5.9 (0.29) 4.6 (0.50) 8.2 (1.18) 0.13 (0.005) 0.20 (0.007) 0.07 (0.006) 0.13 (0.004) 0.45 (0.0Arizona........................................ 5.9 (0.14) 8.4 (0.19) 3.3 (0.09) 4.5 (0.10) 11.8 (0.27) 6.4 (0.14) 2.6 (0.05) 10.0 (2.19) 0.07 (0.004) 0.11 (0.008) 0.03 (0.001) 0.06 (0.008) 0.12 (0.0Arkansas..................................... 7.3 (0.30) 10.2 (0.43) 4.3 (0.17) 5.0 (0.28) 15.9 (0.96) 4.9 (0.48) 3.5 (0.35) 4.7 (0.63) 0.10 (0.009) 0.15 (0.012) 0.06 (0.008) 0.10 (0.010) 0.14 (0.0California..................................... 7.5 (0.18) 10.5 (0.25) 4.4 (0.12) 6.0 (0.18) 17.1 (0.82) 7.9 (0.22) 3.3 (0.13) 12.2 (2.33) 0.31 (0.010) 0.48 (0.015) 0.13 (0.005) 0.28 (0.013) 0.61 (0.03Colorado ..................................... 6.0 (0.09) 8.3 (0.13) 3.7 (0.06) 4.5 (0.09) 13.2 (0.05) 8.1 (0.14) 3.2 (0.03) 8.7 (0.89) 0.28 (0.008) 0.43 (0.012) 0.12 (0.007) 0.20 (0.007) 0.56 (0.0Connecticut ................................. 6.8 (0.52) 8.9 (0.65) 4.7 (0.39) 4.0 (0.37) 17.2 (2.39) 11.4 (1.39) 2.4 (0.22) 5.2 (0.95) 0.25 (0.026) 0.36 (0.034) 0.14 (0.022) 0.13 (0.016) 0.66 (0.12Delaware1.................................... 10.9 (†) 13.8 (†) 7.9 (†) 6.4 (†) 20.1 (†) 9.2 (†) 3.3 (†) 5.5 (†) 0.20 (†) 0.30 (†) 0.10 (†) 0.17 (†) 0.32 

District of Columbia1 ................... 0.4 (†) 0.4 (†) 0.3 (†) 0.2 (†) 0.4 (†) 0.2 (†) 0.0 (†) 0.0 (†) 0.22 (†) 0.25 (†) 0.20 (†) 0.03 (†) 0.25 

Florida......................................... 10.5 (0.14) 13.4 (0.17) 7.3 (0.11) 7.9 (0.16) 19.3 (0.34) 7.7 (0.08) 2.9 (0.03) 7.2 (0.59) 0.04 (0.003) 0.06 (0.004) 0.02 (0.001) 0.04 (0.003) 0.06 (0.00Georgia ....................................... 8.8 (0.23) 11.4 (0.29) 6.1 (0.16) 4.8 (0.21) 15.0 (0.36) 5.4 (0.27) 2.1 (0.07) 3.7 (0.21) 0.23 (0.011) 0.33 (0.017) 0.12 (0.006) 0.18 (0.013) 0.32 (0.0Hawaii1 ........................................ 5.5 (†) 7.2 (†) 3.6 (†) 4.9 (†) 7.0 (†) 5.7 (†) 5.5 (†) 6.0 (†) 0.00 (†) 0.00 (†) 0.00 (†) 0.00 (†) 0.00 

Idaho........................................... 3.6 (0.18) 5.3 (0.26) 1.7 (0.10) 3.3 (0.19) 3.5 (0.21) 5.1 (0.29) 1.6 (0.07) 8.6 ! (2.90) 0.09 (0.005) 0.14 (0.008) 0.03 (0.004) 0.07 (0.005) # Illinois.......................................... 6.4 (0.15) 8.4 (0.20) 4.4 (0.10) 3.8 (0.17) 14.5 (0.53) 6.0 (0.19) 1.7 (0.08) 2.9 (0.41) 0.14 (0.007) 0.20 (0.008) 0.07 (0.006) 0.08 (0.011) 0.32 (0.0Indiana ........................................ 7.4 (0.28) 9.9 (0.37) 4.7 (0.20) 6.0 (0.27) 17.3 (1.18) 7.4 (0.87) 1.8 (0.24) 6.1 (0.70) 0.63 (0.039) 0.85 (0.053) 0.40 (0.028) 0.54 (0.039) 1.24 (0.1Iowa............................................. 3.0 (0.11) 4.0 (0.14) 1.9 (0.08) 2.4 (0.11) 11.4 (0.31) 3.2 (0.27) 1.6 (0.18) 5.2 (0.25) 0.04 (0.008) 0.07 (0.013) 0.01 (0.004) 0.04 (0.008) 0.07 (0.0Kansas........................................ 5.1 (0.18) 6.9 (0.26) 3.1 (0.11) 3.8 (0.20) 14.6 (0.27) 6.6 (0.22) 2.9 (0.10) 5.8 (0.59) 0.18 (0.014) 0.25 (0.015) 0.10 (0.013) 0.12 (0.017) 0.68 (0.0Kentucky ..................................... 6.6 (0.36) 8.7 (0.48) 4.3 (0.24) 5.8 (0.33) 13.3 (1.27) 4.0 (0.33) 1.5 (0.19) 3.8 (0.89) 0.08 (0.017) 0.11 (0.021) 0.05 ! (0.014) 0.07 (0.012) 0.18 ! (0.0Louisiana..................................... 10.3 (0.41) 13.2 (0.51) 7.3 (0.31) 7.1 (0.56) 14.6 (0.48) 4.7 (0.16) 2.6 (0.14) 6.8 ! (2.24) 0.89 (0.037) 1.23 (0.054) 0.52 (0.021) 0.45 (0.039) 1.42 (0.05Maine .......................................... 4.6 (0.28) 6.6 (0.41) 2.4 (0.15) 4.5 (0.28) 9.0 (0.38) 5.7 (1.11) 2.9 (0.18) 6.4 (1.13) 0.09 (0.012) 0.13 (0.015) 0.04 ! (0.011) 0.09 (0.012) 0.09 ! (0.02Maryland1.................................... 7.1 (†) 8.9 (†) 5.2 (†) 5.8 (†) 8.2 (†) 12.9 (†) 2.2 (†) 8.5 (†) 0.18 (†) 0.27 (†) 0.09 (†) 0.08 (†) 0.31 

Massachusetts............................ 5.6 (0.28) 7.1 (0.35) 3.9 (0.22) 4.2 (0.25) 10.3 (0.50) 12.0 (1.18) 2.5 (0.25) 5.0 (0.63) 0.06 (0.004) 0.09 (0.006) 0.03 (0.003) 0.03 (0.005) 0.24 (0.0Michigan...................................... 8.2 (0.34) 10.8 (0.43) 5.4 (0.27) 6.1 (0.27) 17.8 (1.48) 7.4 (0.83) 2.2 (0.34) 6.8 (1.08) 0.13 (0.010) 0.19 (0.014) 0.07 (0.006) 0.09 (0.007) 0.32 (0.04Minnesota ................................... 3.7 (0.10) 5.0 (0.14) 2.4 (0.07) 2.4 (0.09) 14.4 (0.33) 5.4 (0.28) 2.5 (0.05) 10.0 (1.43) 0.03 (0.002) 0.05 (0.004) 0.01 (0.001) 0.02 (0.002) 0.08 (0.0Mississippi................................... 10.2 (0.33) 13.3 (0.41) 7.0 (0.24) 5.5 (0.26) 14.8 (0.55) 4.3 (0.44) 3.0 (0.47) 12.7 ! (3.08) 0.29 (0.015) 0.42 (0.025) 0.16 (0.006) 0.12 (0.020) 0.46 (0.0Missouri....................................... 7.3 (0.24) 9.8 (0.32) 4.6 (0.16) 4.6 (0.19) 20.2 (1.07) 5.4 (0.32) 2.9 (0.10) 7.0 (0.51) 0.03 (0.004) 0.05 (0.005) 0.01 (0.003) 0.03 (0.005) 0.04 (0.0Montana ...................................... 4.5 (0.18) 6.1 (0.24) 2.7 (0.12) 3.7 (0.17) 4.9 (0.27) 3.5 (0.19) 2.3 (0.16) 9.6 (1.05) 0.07 (0.007) 0.12 (0.013) 0.02 (0.005) 0.05 (0.007) # Nebraska..................................... 3.7 (0.08) 4.9 (0.11) 2.4 (0.05) 2.6 (0.06) 12.6 (0.05) 5.0 (0.30) 1.9 (0.04) 6.7 (0.89) 0.23 (0.005) 0.32 (0.008) 0.12 (0.002) 0.13 (0.004) 0.92 (0.0Nevada1....................................... 7.4 (†) 9.5 (†) 5.2 (†) 5.1 (†) 15.5 (†) 8.5 (†) 3.9 (†) 6.6 (†) 0.36 (†) 0.55 (†) 0.16 (†) 0.26 (†) 0.86 

New Hampshire .......................... 5.6 (0.32) 7.2 (0.46) 3.9 (0.18) 5.4 (0.33) 8.7 (0.32) 12.1 (0.23) 2.2 (0.19) 4.8 (0.45) 0.06 ! (0.021) 0.08 ! (0.024) 0.04 ! (0.020) 0.06 ! (0.021) 0.28 (0.0New Jersey ................................. 5.7 (0.26) 7.5 (0.33) 3.7 (0.19) 3.7 (0.30) 12.4 (0.79) 6.9 (0.51) 1.4 (0.13) 3.7 (0.70) 0.02 ! (0.008) 0.03 ! (0.016) # (†) 0.01 ! (0.006) 0.03 ! (0.00New Mexico................................. 5.3 (0.20) 6.9 (0.26) 3.5 (0.14) 4.0 (0.19) 7.0 (0.21) 5.4 (0.31) 2.5 (0.12) 8.3 (0.47) 0.07 (0.005) 0.12 (0.009) 0.03 (0.002) 0.03 (0.003) 0.13 (0.0New York ..................................... 3.8 (0.14) 5.1 (0.17) 2.5 (0.11) 3.4 (0.14) 7.3 (0.45) 2.8 (0.15) 0.7 (0.05) 4.5 (0.97) 0.03 (0.006) 0.05 (0.010) 0.01 (0.003) 0.04 (0.010) 0.04 ! (0.0North Carolina............................. 10.8 (0.52) 14.3 (0.66) 7.0 (0.37) 6.5 (0.33) 20.0 (1.06) 7.2 (0.40) 2.7 (0.19) 14.9 ! (8.53) 0.14 ! (0.060) 0.21 ! (0.081) 0.07 ! (0.038) 0.04 (0.007) 0.37 ! (0.1North Dakota............................... 2.2 (0.17) 2.9 (0.21) 1.4 (0.13) 1.5 (0.10) 5.0 (0.16) 3.1 (0.35) 2.0 (0.12) 8.0 (1.80) 0.02 (0.006) 0.05 (0.008) # (†) 0.01 (0.002) 0.05 (0.0Ohio ............................................ 6.2 (0.24) 8.2 (0.30) 4.2 (0.17) 4.6 (0.21) 14.6 (0.99) 6.0 (0.83) 2.1 (0.24) 3.7 (0.45) 0.47 (0.020) 0.61 (0.026) 0.32 (0.014) 0.20 (0.016) 1.69 (0.0Oklahoma.................................... 4.9 (0.17) 6.7 (0.24) 3.0 (0.11) 3.9 (0.18) 12.1 (0.60) 5.3 (0.18) 1.8 (0.07) 4.0 (0.24) 0.34 (0.013) 0.47 (0.019) 0.21 (0.008) 0.28 (0.014) 0.94 (0.0Oregon........................................ 4.9 (0.18) 7.1 (0.26) 2.7 (0.15) 4.8 (0.19) 8.8 (0.24) 5.5 (0.37) 2.1 (0.08) 7.2 (0.57) 0.34 (0.025) 0.52 (0.044) 0.15 (0.010) 0.32 (0.026) 0.58 (0.0Pennsylvania............................... 6.8 (0.37) 8.7 (0.45) 4.8 (0.29) 4.2 (0.23) 18.9 (1.41) 8.7 (0.79) 2.7 (0.46) 3.4 (0.64) 0.16 (0.008) 0.22 (0.011) 0.10 (0.005) 0.09 (0.007) 0.52 (0.03Rhode Island............................... 8.4 (0.74) 10.7 (1.00) 5.9 (0.47) 6.7 (0.83) 14.6 (2.07) 12.6 (0.65) 7.2 (0.73) 11.8 (2.92) # (†) # (†) # (†) # (†) # South Carolina ............................ 11.9 (0.44) 15.1 (0.56) 8.6 (0.33) 6.9 (0.36) 19.2 (0.89) 6.5 (1.05) 2.9 (0.31) 9.6 ! (4.26) 0.73 (0.043) 1.03 (0.063) 0.40 (0.026) 0.37 (0.029) 1.26 (0.0South Dakota .............................. 2.7 (0.16) 3.7 (0.22) 1.6 (0.11) 1.9 (0.12) 7.1 (0.24) 4.3 (0.16) 3.0 (0.19) 6.8 (1.19) 0.11 ! (0.045) 0.16 ! (0.066) 0.05 ! (0.024) 0.04 ! (0.025) 0.08 ! (0.03Tennessee................................... 7.2 (0.26) 9.6 (0.35) 4.8 (0.17) 5.5 (0.27) 12.8 (0.38) 5.4 (0.22) 2.7 (0.15) 3.4 (0.36) 0.32 (0.010) 0.47 (0.016) 0.15 (0.006) 0.19 (0.011) 0.70 (0.0Texas........................................... 5.6 (0.06) 7.4 (0.08) 3.6 (0.04) 2.9 (0.06) 12.7 (0.24) 5.7 (0.08) 1.6 (0.01) 3.1 (0.10) 0.26 (0.005) 0.39 (0.008) 0.13 (0.002) 0.16 (0.007) 0.58 (0.0Utah ............................................ 3.2 (0.04) 4.5 (0.05) 1.9 (0.03) 2.4 (0.03) 7.8 (0.04) 6.7 (0.07) 4.2 (0.04) 6.9 (0.09) 0.05 (0.001) 0.07 (0.002) 0.02 (#) 0.04 (0.001) 0.22 (0.0Vermont....................................... 4.0 (0.18) 5.5 (0.25) 2.4 (0.12) 4.0 (0.18) 5.8 (0.50) 4.1 (0.55) 1.8 (0.23) 5.7 (0.77) 0.05 ! (0.019) 0.08 ! (0.031) 0.02 ! (0.006) 0.05 ! (0.020) 0.06 ! (0.03Virginia........................................ 7.2 (0.24) 9.4 (0.31) 4.9 (0.18) 4.7 (0.17) 13.9 (0.73) 5.6 (0.21) 2.1 (0.06) 4.0 (0.34) 0.09 (0.014) 0.15 (0.025) 0.03 (0.003) 0.08 ! (0.022) 0.12 (0.0Washington ................................. 5.9 (0.15) 8.6 (0.21) 3.2 (0.08) 5.3 (0.17) 12.0 (0.09) 7.2 (0.39) 3.7 (0.05) 11.3 (1.36) 0.34 (0.014) 0.53 (0.021) 0.14 (0.007) 0.31 (0.016) 0.48 (0.0West Virginia............................... 10.2 (1.02) 13.8 (1.31) 6.4 (0.70) 9.7 (0.91) 21.5 (4.03) 11.2 (3.07) 2.4 (0.54) 8.2 (1.98) 0.07 (0.012) 0.09 (0.015) 0.04 (0.010) 0.07 (0.011) 0.09 ! (0.0Wisconsin.................................... 5.0 (0.16) 6.3 (0.20) 3.6 (0.13) 2.7 (0.12) 19.7 (0.60) 7.5 (0.18) 2.1 (0.07) 13.5 ! (5.23) 0.17 (0.008) 0.23 (0.012) 0.10 (0.006) 0.12 (0.009) 0.47 (0.0Wyoming ..................................... 2.8 (0.34) 4.0 (0.33) 1.6 (0.88) 2.7 (0.34) 3.2 (0.26) 3.1 (0.43) 1.7 (0.26) 6.4 ! (1.37) 0.11 (0.018) 0.18 (0.027) 0.03 ! (0.010) 0.11 (0.021) 0.23 (0.00
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1One or more times during the 30 days preceding the survey.2Such as a gun, knife, or club.3One or more times during the 12 months preceding the survey.4Used chewing tobacco or snuff one or more times during the 30 days preceding the survey.

NOTE: Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately and studreported. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard erroSOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for DiseaSurvey (YRBS), 2009 National YRBS Data Files, retrieved June 21, 2010, from index.htm. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 171. Percentage of students in grades 9 through 12 who reported experience with drugs and violence on school property, by race/ethnicity, grade, and sexType of violence or drug-related behavior, and sex 1997 total 1999 total 2003 total 2005 total 2007 total

2009

Total

Race/ethnicity 

White Black Hispanic 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 1

Felt too unsafe to go to school1 .................................................. 4.0 (0.6) 5.2 (1.3) 5.4 (0.41) 6.0 (0.61) 5.5 (0.39) 5.0 (0.34) 3.5 (0.33) 6.3 (0.76) 8.1 (0.60) 5.8 (0.4

Male ............................................................................................ 4.1 (0.8) 4.8 (1.6) 5.5 (0.51) 5.7 (0.56) 5.4 (0.44) 4.6 (0.43) 3.3 (0.43) 5.9 (0.77) 7.9 (1.06) 5.4 (0.6

Female........................................................................................ 3.9 (0.7) 5.7 (1.5) 5.3 (0.51) 6.3 (0.77) 5.6 (0.53) 5.3 (0.38) 3.8 (0.43) 6.6 (1.12) 8.3 (0.77) 6.4 (0.7

Carried a weapon on school property1,2 ..................................... 8.5 (1.5) 6.9 (1.2) 6.1 (0.56) 6.5 (0.46) 5.9 (0.37) 5.6 (0.32) 5.6 (0.44) 5.3 (0.74) 5.8 (0.58) 4.9 (0.4

Male ............................................................................................ 12.5 (2.9) 11.0 (2.1) 8.9 (0.77) 10.2 (0.82) 9.0 (0.65) 8.0 (0.52) 8.3 (0.76) 6.6 (1.06) 7.9 (0.90) 6.4 (0.74

Female........................................................................................ 3.7 (0.7) 2.8 (0.7) 3.1 (0.51) 2.6 (0.31) 2.7 (0.33) 2.9 (0.24) 2.4 (0.28) 4.0 (0.83) 3.7 (0.52) 3.2 (0.3

Threatened or injured with a weapon on school property3 ...... 7.4 (0.9) 7.7 (0.8) 9.2 (0.77) 7.9 (0.36) 7.8 (0.44) 7.7 (0.37) 6.4 (0.43) 9.4 (0.80) 9.1 (0.61) 8.7 (0.5

Male ............................................................................................ 10.2 (1.4) 9.5 (1.6) 11.6 (0.97) 9.7 (0.41) 10.2 (0.59) 9.6 (0.59) 7.8 (0.65) 11.2 (1.25) 12.0 (1.07) 9.5 (0.92Female........................................................................................ 4.0 (0.6) 5.8 (1.2) 6.5 (0.61) 6.1 (0.41) 5.4 (0.41) 5.5 (0.37) 4.9 (0.47) 7.4 (0.84) 6.3 (0.60) 7.7 (0.6

Engaged in a physical fight on school property3 ...................... 14.8 (1.3) 14.2 (1.3) 12.8 (0.77) 13.6 (0.56) 12.4 (0.48) 11.1 (0.54) 8.6 (0.58) 17.4 (0.99) 13.5 (0.82) 14.9 (0.9

Male ............................................................................................ 20.0 (2.0) 18.5 (1.4) 17.1 (0.92) 18.2 (0.92) 16.3 (0.60) 15.1 (1.05) 12.4 (1.25) 22.2 (1.40) 17.7 (1.26) 19.7 (1.7Female........................................................................................ 8.6 (1.5) 9.8 (1.9) 8.0 (0.71) 8.8 (0.51) 8.5 (0.62) 6.7 (0.42) 4.3 (0.40) 12.5 (1.45) 9.3 (0.93) 9.5 (0.7

Cigarette use on school property1 .............................................. 14.6 (1.5) 14.0 (1.9) 8.0 (0.71) 6.8 (0.41) 5.7 (0.50) 5.1 (0.31) 5.8 (0.50) 2.6 (0.46) 4.8 (0.36) 3.7 (0.32

Male ............................................................................................ 15.9 (1.7) 14.8 (2.0) 8.2 (0.66) 7.4 (0.41) 6.5 (0.53) 6.2 (0.48) 6.6 (0.69) 4.0 (0.85) 5.9 (0.66) 4.2 (0.4Female........................................................................................ 13.0 (2.2) 13.2 (2.0) 7.6 (0.92) 6.2 (0.61) 4.8 (0.56) 4.0 (0.32) 4.7 (0.52) 1.2 (0.34) 3.7 (0.44) 3.0 (0.3

Smokeless tobacco use on school property4 ............................ 5.1 (1.4) 4.2 (1.8) 5.9 (1.53) 5.0 (0.61) 4.9 (0.71) 5.5 (0.59) 7.0 (0.90) 2.6 (0.48) 3.2 (0.40) 4.1 (0.5

Male ............................................................................................ 9.0 (2.5) 8.1 (3.5) 8.5 (1.48) 9.2 (1.12) 8.9 (1.31) 9.4 (1.16) 12.1 (1.83) 4.1 (0.84) 5.3 (0.77) 6.2 (0.9Female........................................................................................ 0.4 (0.2) 0.3 (0.2) 3.3 (1.68) 0.8 (0.15) 1.0 (0.20) 1.1 (0.16) 1.1 (0.24) 1.0 (0.29) 1.2 (0.31) 1.6 (0.3

Alcohol use on school property1 ................................................ 5.6 (0.7) 4.9 (0.7) 5.2 (0.46) 4.3 (0.31) 4.1 (0.32) 4.5 (0.29) 3.3 (0.27) 5.4 (0.59) 6.9 (0.70) 4.4 (0.3

Male ............................................................................................ 7.2 (1.3) 6.1 (1.1) 6.0 (0.61) 5.3 (0.41) 4.6 (0.35) 5.3 (0.41) 4.1 (0.48) 5.9 (0.80) 7.9 (0.91) 4.3 (0.5

Female........................................................................................ 3.6 (0.7) 3.6 (0.7) 4.2 (0.41) 3.3 (0.31) 3.6 (0.37) 3.6 (0.34) 2.3 (0.34) 4.8 (0.76) 5.9 (0.79) 4.5 (0.5

Marijuana use on school property1 ............................................. 7.0 (1.0) 7.2 (1.4) 5.8 (0.66) 4.5 (0.31) 4.5 (0.46) 4.6 (0.35) 3.8 (0.38) 5.6 (0.64) 6.5 (0.76) 4.3 (0.3

Male ............................................................................................ 9.0 (1.3) 10.1 (2.6) 7.6 (0.87) 6.0 (0.46) 5.9 (0.61) 6.3 (0.54) 5.1 (0.60) 8.3 (1.03) 8.7 (0.91) 5.2 (0.6Female........................................................................................ 4.6 (1.1) 4.4 (0.8) 3.7 (0.46) 3.0 (0.31) 3.0 (0.39) 2.8 (0.32) 2.3 (0.38) 2.9 (0.52) 4.2 (0.86) 3.4 (0.5

Offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property3 ..... 31.7 (1.8) 30.2 (2.4) 28.7 (1.94) 25.4 (1.07) 22.3 (1.04) 22.7 (1.04) 19.8 (1.13) 22.2 (1.42) 31.2 (1.53) 22.0 (1.3

Male ............................................................................................ 37.4 (2.3) 34.7 (3.3) 31.9 (2.09) 28.8 (1.22) 25.7 (1.15) 25.9 (1.36) 22.7 (1.55) 25.7 (1.90) 35.1 (1.59) 22.9 (1.94Female........................................................................................ 24.7 (2.4) 25.7 (2.4) 25.0 (1.94) 21.8 (1.02) 18.7 (1.16) 19.3 (1.01) 16.5 (1.11) 18.8 (2.02) 27.1 (1.96) 21.1 (1.4
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes other illegal drug use not shown separately.NOTE: Marijuana includes hashish usage for 1996 and later years. Data for 1999 and later years were gathered using Computer Assisted Interviewing (CAI) and may not be directly comparable to previous years. Because of survey improvements in

2002, the 2002 data constitute a new baseline for tracking trends. Valid tren1998, 1999 through 2001, and 2002 through 2008. Some data have been recategories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in pSOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance AbuNational Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings, selected years, 19Use and Health, 2002 through 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from http://ww

(This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 172. Percentage of 12- to 17-year-olds reporting use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during the past 30 days and the past year, by substance used, 

years, 1985 through 2008

Year, sex, and race/ethnicity

Percent reporting use during past 30 days Percent reporting use durin

Illicit drugs

Alcohol Cigarettes

Illicit drugs

Any 

1 Marijuana Cocaine Any1 Marijuana Coca

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

1985.................................................... 13.2 (—) 10.2 (—) 1.5 (—) 41.2 (—) 29.4 (—) 20.7 (—) 16.7 (—) 3.4 (

1988.................................................... 8.1 (—) 5.4 (—) 1.2 (—) 33.4 (—) 22.7 (—) 14.9 (—) 10.7 (—) 2.5 (

1990.................................................... 7.1 (—) 4.4 (—) 0.6 (—) 32.5 (—) 22.4 (—) 14.1 (—) 9.6 (—) 1.9 (

1993.................................................... 5.7 (—) 4.0 (—) 0.4 (—) 23.9 (—) 18.5 (—) 11.9 (—) 8.5 (—) 0.7 (

1994.................................................... 8.2 (—) 6.0 (—) 0.3 (—) 21.6 (—) 18.9 (—) 15.5 (—) 11.4 (—) 1.1 (

1995.................................................... 10.9 (—) 8.2 (—) 0.8 (—) 21.1 (—) 20.2 (—) 18.0 (—) 14.2 (—) 1.7 (

1996.................................................... 9.0 (—) 7.1 (—) 0.6 (—) 18.8 (—) 18.3 (—) 16.7 (—) 13.0 (—) 1.4 (

1997.................................................... 11.4 (—) 9.4 (—) 1.0 (—) 20.5 (—) 19.9 (—) 18.8 (—) 15.8 (—) 2.2 (

1998.................................................... 9.9 (—) 8.3 (—) 0.8 (—) 19.1 (—) 18.2 (—) 16.4 (—) 14.1 (—) 1.7 (

1999.................................................... 9.8 (0.23) 7.2 (0.20) 0.5 (0.06) 16.5 (0.30) 14.9 (0.31) 19.8 (0.32) 14.2 (0.29) 1.6 (0.

2000.................................................... 9.7 (0.24) 7.2 (0.21) 0.6 (0.07) 16.4 (0.29) 13.4 (0.28) 18.6 (0.31) 13.4 (0.27) 1.7 (0.

2001.................................................... 10.8 (0.26) 8.0 (0.24) 0.4 (0.06) 17.3 (0.33) 13.0 (0.28) 20.8 (0.36) 15.2 (0.32) 1.5 (0.

2002.................................................... 11.6 (0.29) 8.2 (0.24) 0.6 (0.07) 17.6 (0.32) 13.0 (0.30) 22.2 (0.38) 15.8 (0.32) 2.1 (0.

2003.................................................... 11.2 (0.27) 7.9 (0.24) 0.6 (0.06) 17.7 (0.33) 12.2 (0.29) 21.8 (0.36) 15.0 (0.31) 1.8 (0.

2004.................................................... 10.6 (0.27) 7.6 (0.23) 0.5 (0.06) 17.6 (0.32) 11.9 (0.30) 21.0 (0.34) 14.5 (0.31) 1.6 (0.

2005.................................................... 9.9 (0.25) 6.8 (0.22) 0.6 (0.06) 16.5 (0.32) 10.8 (0.28) 19.9 (0.35) 13.3 (0.30) 1.7 (0.

2006.................................................... 9.8 (0.27) 6.7 (0.21) 0.4 (0.05) 16.6 (0.32) 10.4 (0.26) 19.6 (0.37) 13.2 (0.31) 1.6 (0.

2007.................................................... 9.5 (0.27) 6.7 (0.22) 0.4 (0.05) 15.9 (0.34) 9.8 (0.26) 18.7 (0.35) 12.5 (0.30) 1.5 (0.

Sex

Male ............................................ 10.0 (0.41) 7.5 (0.34) 0.4 (0.07) 15.9 (0.47) 10.0 (0.37) 19.4 (0.52) 13.6 (0.44) 1.3 (0.Female ........................................ 9.1 (0.35) 5.8 (0.29) 0.5 (0.08) 16.0 (0.49) 9.7 (0.37) 18.0 (0.47) 11.3 (0.39) 1.7 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White........................................... 10.2 (0.33) 7.3 (0.28) 0.5 (0.07) 18.2 (0.43) 12.2 (0.36) 19.9 (0.45) 13.7 (0.38) 1.7 (0.

Black .......................................... 9.4 (0.64) 5.8 (0.52) 0.1 (0.09) 10.1 (0.74) 6.1 (0.62) 17.6 (0.84) 11.0 (0.69) 0.3 (0.Hispanic ...................................... 8.1 (0.63) 5.7 (0.50) 0.5 (0.14) 15.2 (0.80) 6.7 (0.58) 17.1 (0.83) 10.8 (0.69) 2.1 (0.3Asian ........................................... 6.0 (1.30) 4.2 (1.40) ‡ (†) 8.1 (1.68) 3.4 (0.99) 10.9 (1.64) 6.4 (1.59) 0.2 (0.1Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander . ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ American Indian/Alaska Native ... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 13.4 (3.91) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ Two or more races....................... 9.2 (1.43) 6.9 (1.25) 0.1 (0.08) 12.5 (1.51) 8.9 (1.36) 18.9 (2.01) 14.3 (1.78) 1.1 (0.5

2008.................................................... 9.3 (0.24) 6.7 (0.22) 0.4 (0.05) 14.6 (0.31) 9.1 (0.24) 19.0 (0.35) 13.0 (0.29) 1.2 (0.

Sex

Male ............................................ 9.5 (0.33) 7.3 (0.30) 0.5 (0.08) 14.2 (0.41) 9.0 (0.33) 19.0 (0.45) 13.6 (0.41) 1.3 (0.Female ........................................ 9.1 (0.36) 6.0 (0.32) 0.3 (0.06) 15.0 (0.46) 9.2 (0.36) 18.9 (0.52) 12.4 (0.42) 1.2 (0.

Race/ethnicity

White........................................... 9.8 (0.32) 7.2 (0.28) 0.5 (0.06) 16.3 (0.41) 10.6 (0.31) 19.7 (0.44) 13.8 (0.37) 1.4 (0.

Black .......................................... 8.2 (0.59) 5.9 (0.51) 0.1 (0.06) 10.1 (0.68) 5.0 (0.49) 17.6 (0.89) 12.5 (0.73) 0.1 (0.0Hispanic ...................................... 8.9 (0.66) 6.1 (0.59) 0.5 (0.16) 14.8 (0.82) 7.9 (0.64) 18.8 (0.95) 12.2 (0.76) 1.3 (0.2Asian ........................................... 2.7 (0.87) 1.0 (0.35) # (†) 5.7 (1.11) 3.8 (1.16) 9.8 (1.76) 3.1 (1.00) 0.6 (0.3

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander . ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

American Indian/Alaska Native ... 18.2 (4.64) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 17.2 (4.57) 18.9 (2.54) 31.3 (4.53) 26.8 (4.28) ‡ 

Two or more races....................... 13.5 (1.88) 10.6 (1.74) 0.3 (0.22) 13.6 (1.90) 13.1 (2.19) 24.8 (2.50) 17.2 (2.07) 2.0 (0.8
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. †Not applicable.1Survey question changed in 1993; later data are not comparable to figures for earlier years. 2Other illicit drugs include any use of LSD or other hallucinogens, crack or other cocaine, or heroin, or any use of other narcotics, amphetamines, barbiturates, or tranquilizers not under a doctor’s orders.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. Standard errors were calculated from formulas to perform trend analysis over an interval greater than 1 year (for example, a comparison between

1975 and 1990). A revised questionnaire was used in 1982 and later years tscription stimulants. This slightly reduced the positive responses for some typSOURCE: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Monitoring tretrieved April 6, 2010, from http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/09data.h

April 2010.)

Table 173. Percentage of high school seniors reporting drug use, by type of drug and reporting period: Selected years, 1975 through 2009Type of drug Class of 1975 Class of 1980 Class of 1985 Class of 1990 Class of 1995 Class of 2000 Class of 2002 Class of 2003 Class of 2004 Class of 2005 Class of 2006 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Percent reporting having ever used drugs

Alcohol1........................ 90.4 (0.69) 93.2 (0.46) 92.2 (0.48) 89.5 (0.57) 80.7 (0.73) 80.3 (0.80) 78.4 (0.83) 76.6 (0.80) 76.8 (0.80) 75.1 (0.81) 72.7 (0.85) 

Any illicit drug .............. 55.2 (1.68) 65.4 (1.23) 60.6 (1.26) 47.9 (1.33) 48.4 (1.32) 54.0 (1.44) 53.0 (1.44) 51.1 (1.35) 51.1 (1.35) 50.4 (1.35) 48.2 (1.37) 

Marijuana only ......... 19.0 (1.32) 26.7 (1.15) 20.9 (1.05) 18.5 (1.03) 20.3 (1.06) 25.0 (1.25) 23.5 (1.22) 23.4 (1.15) 22.4 (1.13) 23.0 (1.14) 21.3 (1.12) Any illicit drug other 

than marijuana2 36.2 (1.33) 38.7 (1.04) 39.7 (1.04) 29.4 (0.99) 28.1 (0.97) 29.0 (1.08) 29.5 (1.08) 27.7 (0.99) 28.7 (1.00) 27.4 (0.99) 26.9 (1.00) 

Use of selected drugs

Cocaine.................... 9.0 (0.73) 15.7 (0.72) 17.3 (0.74) 9.4 (0.59) 6.0 (0.48) 8.6 (0.62) 7.8 (0.59) 7.7 (0.55) 8.1 (0.56) 8.0 (0.56) 8.5 (0.58) 

Heroin ...................... 2.2 (0.21) 1.1 (0.12) 1.2 (0.12) 1.3 (0.13) 1.6 (0.14) 2.4 (0.19) 1.7 (0.16) 1.5 (0.14) 1.5 (0.14) 1.5 (0.14) 1.4 (0.14) 

LSD.......................... 11.3 (0.81) 9.3 (0.57) 7.5 (0.52) 8.7 (0.57) 11.7 (0.64) 11.1 (0.69) 8.4 (0.61) 5.9 (0.49) 4.6 (0.43) 3.5 (0.38) 3.3 (0.37) Marijuana/hashish.... 47.3 (1.68) 60.3 (1.27) 54.2 (1.83) 40.7 (1.30) 41.7 (1.30) 48.8 (1.45) 47.8 (1.44) 46.1 (1.35) 45.7 (1.35) 44.8 (1.34) 42.3 (1.36) PCP ......................... — (†) 9.6 (0.33) 4.9 (0.24) 2.8 (0.19) 2.7 (0.18) 3.4 (0.23) 3.1 (0.22) 2.5 (0.18) 1.6 (0.15) 2.4 (0.18) 2.2 (0.17) 

 Percent reporting use of drugs in the past 12 months

Alcohol1........................ 84.8 (0.84) 87.9 (0.59) 85.6 (0.63) 80.6 (0.73) 73.7 (0.81) 73.2 (0.89) 71.5 (0.91) 70.1 (0.86) 70.6 (0.86) 68.6 (0.87) 66.5 (0.90) 

Any illicit drug .............. 45.0 (1.64) 53.1 (1.26) 46.3 (1.26) 32.5 (1.21) 39.0 (1.26) 40.9 (1.39) 41.0 (1.38) 39.3 (1.29) 38.8 (1.29) 38.4 (1.28) 36.5 (1.29) 

Marijuana only ......... 18.8 (1.29) 22.7 (1.06) 18.9 (0.99) 14.6 (0.91) 19.6 (1.02) 20.5 (1.14) 20.1 (1.13) 19.5 (1.05) 18.3 (1.02) 18.8 (1.03) 17.3 (1.01) Any illicit drug other 

than marijuana2 26.2 (1.15) 30.4 (0.92) 27.4 (0.89) 17.9 (0.79) 19.4 (0.81) 20.4 (0.90) 20.9 (0.91) 19.8 (0.83) 20.5 (0.85) 19.7 (0.83) 19.2 (0.84) 

Use of selected drugs

Cocaine.................... 5.6 (0.52) 12.3 (0.58) 13.1 (0.59) 5.3 (0.40) 4.0 (0.35) 5.0 (0.43) 5.0 (0.42) 4.8 (0.39) 5.3 (0.41) 5.1 (0.40) 5.7 (0.43) 

Heroin ...................... 1.0 (0.13) 0.5 (0.07) 0.6 (0.07) 0.5 (0.07) 1.1 (0.10) 1.5 (0.13) 1.0 (0.11) 0.8 (0.09) 0.9 (0.10) 0.8 (0.09) 0.8 (0.09) 

LSD.......................... 7.2 (0.59) 6.5 (0.43) 4.4 (0.36) 5.4 (0.41) 8.4 (0.49) 6.6 (0.49) 3.5 (0.36) 1.9 (0.25) 2.2 (0.27) 1.8 (0.24) 1.7 (0.24) 

Marijuana/hashish.... 40.0 (1.61) 48.8 (1.27) 40.6 (1.24) 27.0 (1.15) 34.7 (1.23) 36.5 (1.36) 36.2 (1.35) 34.9 (1.26) 34.3 (1.25) 33.6 (1.24) 31.5 (1.24) PCP ......................... — (†) 4.4 (0.20) 2.9 (0.16) 1.2 (0.11) 1.8 (0.13) 2.3 (0.16) 1.1 (0.11) 1.3 (0.11) 0.7 (0.08) 1.3 (0.11) 0.7 (0.09) 

Percent reporting use of drugs in the past 30 days

Alcohol1........................ 68.2 (1.10) 72.0 (0.81) 65.9 (0.85) 57.1 (0.92) 51.3 (0.92) 50.0 (1.01) 48.6 (1.00) 47.5 (0.94) 48.0 (0.94) 47.0 (0.94) 45.3 (0.95) 

Any illicit drug .............. 30.7 (1.35) 37.2 (1.09) 29.7 (1.03) 17.2 (0.87) 23.8 (0.98) 24.9 (1.09) 25.4 (1.09) 24.1 (1.01) 23.4 (1.00) 23.1 (0.99) 21.5 (0.98) 

Marijuana only ......... 15.3 (1.06) 18.8 (0.88) 14.8 (0.80) 9.2 (0.67) 13.8 (0.79) 14.5 (0.89) 14.1 (0.87) 19.5 (0.93) 18.3 (0.91) 12.8 (0.78) 11.7 (0.77) Any illicit drug other 

than marijuana2 15.4 (0.80) 18.4 (0.66) 14.9 (0.60) 8.0 (0.47) 10.0 (0.52) 10.4 (0.58) 11.3 (0.60) 10.4 (0.54) 10.8 (0.55) 10.3 (0.54) 9.8 (0.54) 

Use of selected drugs

Cocaine.................... 1.9 (0.25) 5.2 (0.31) 6.7 (0.35) 1.9 (0.20) 1.8 (0.19) 2.1 (0.23) 2.3 (0.24) 2.1 (0.21) 2.3 (0.22) 2.3 (0.22) 2.5 (0.23) Heroin ...................... 0.4 (0.08) 0.2 (0.04) 0.3 (0.05) 0.2 (0.04) 0.6 (0.08) 0.7 (0.09) 0.5 (0.08) 0.4 (0.06) 0.5 (0.07) 0.5 (0.07) 0.4 (0.06) 

LSD.......................... 2.3 (0.28) 2.3 (0.21) 1.6 (0.18) 1.9 (0.20) 4.0 (0.28) 1.6 (0.20) 0.7 (0.13) 0.6 (0.11) 0.7 (0.12) 0.7 (0.12) 0.6 (0.12) 

Marijuana/hashish.... 27.1 (1.30) 33.7 (1.07) 25.7 (0.98) 14.0 (0.80) 21.2 (0.94) 21.6 (1.04) 21.5 (1.03) 21.2 (0.96) 19.9 (0.94) 19.8 (0.94) 18.3 (0.92) PCP ......................... — (†) 1.4 (0.11) 1.6 (0.12) 0.4 (0.06) 0.6 (0.08) 0.9 (0.10) 0.4 (0.07) 0.6 (0.08) 0.4 (0.06) 0.7 (0.08) 0.4 (0.06) 
254 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

State Regulations

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

State Regulations

—Not available.

X Denotes that the state has a policy. A blank denotes that the state does not have a policy.

1Most states have a provision whereby education is provided up to a certain age or completion of secondary school, whichever comes first.

2Child may be exempted from compulsory attendance if he/she meets state requirements for

early withdrawal with or without meeting conditions for a diploma or equivalency.

3Parent/guardian may delay child's entry until a later age per state law/regulation.

4Student may continue in the program if 22nd birthday falls before the end of the school year.

5Attendance is compulsory until age 18 for Manatee County students, unless they earn a high

school diploma prior to reaching their 18th birthday.

6Through age 21 or until child graduates with a high school or special education diploma or

equivalent.

7Some districts operate on a multitrack system; the schools are open year-round, but different cohorts start and end at different times.

8State requires districts with full-day programs to offer half-day programs.

9To be determined by rules and regulations adopted by the state board.

10Children from birth through age 2 are eligible for additional services. 

11Must be age 5 before October 15, and not age 20 before start of school year.

12Policies about year-round schools are decided locally.

13State did not participate in 2008 online survey. Data are from 2006. 

14New York City and Buffalo require school attendance until age 17 unless employed; Syracuse requires kindergarten attendance at age 5.

15Beginning in 2011–12, it will be mandatory for all districts in Oklahoma to offer full-day kindergarten.

16Student may complete school year if 21st birthday occurs while attending school.

17Compulsory attendance beginning at age 5 effective July 1, 2010.

18Severely handicapped children may begin receiving services at age 3.

NOTE: The Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) Amendments of 1986 make it mandatory for all states receiving EHA funds to serve all 3- to 18-year-old disabled children.

SOURCE: Council of Chief State School Officers, Key State Education Policies on PK–12

Education, 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2008; Education Commission of the States (ECS), ECS

StateNotes, Compulsory School Age Requirements, retrieved August 9, 2010, from http://

www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/86/62/8662.pdf; ECS StateNotes, Special Education: State Special Education Definitions, Ages Served, retrieved August 9, 2010, from http://www.ecs.org/

clearinghouse/52/29/5229.pdf; ECS, State Kindergarten Statutes: State Comparisons,

retrieved September 22, 2010, from http://mb2.ecs.org/reports/Report.aspx?id=14; and supplemental information retrieved from various state websites. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 174. Age range for compulsory school attendance and special education services, and policies on year-round schools and kindergarten 

programs, by state: Selected years, 2000 through 2010

State

Compulsory attendance

Compulsory

special

education

services, 20041

Year-round 

schools, 2008 Kindergarten programs, 2010

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2010

Has policy

on yearround

schools

Has

districts

with yearround

schools

School districts 

required to offer

Attendance

Program required

Full-day

program

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Alabama ................................. 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 17 6 to 21 Yes X X

Alaska..................................... 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 3 to 22 Yes

Arizona ................................... 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 3 to 21 — — X

Arkansas................................. 5 to 17 2,3 5 to 17 2,3 5 to 17 2,3 5 to 17 2,3 5 to 17 2,3 5 to 17 2,3 5 to 17 2,3 5 to 21 X Yes X X X

California ................................ 6 to 18 2 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 Birth to 21 4 X Yes X

Colorado ................................. — — 7 to 16 7 to 16 6 to 17 6 to 17 6 to 17 3 to 21 Yes X

Connecticut............................. 7 to 16 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 5 to 18 3 5 to 18 3 5 to 18 3 5 to 18 3 3 to 21 — X X

Delaware................................. 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 2 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 Birth to 20 Yes X X

District of Columbia ................ — 5 to 18 5 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 — — — X X

Florida..................................... 6 to 16 5 6 to 16 5 6 to 16 5 6 to 16 5 6 to 16 5 6 to 16 5 6 to 16 5 3 to 21 X Yes X

Georgia................................... 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 Birth to 21 6 Yes X X

Hawaii..................................... 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 Birth to 19 (7

) X

Idaho....................................... 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 3 to 21 Yes

Illinois...................................... 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 17 3 to 21 X Yes X 8

Indiana.................................... 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 3 to 22 Yes X

Iowa ........................................ 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 Birth to 21 X Yes X

Kansas.................................... 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 3 to 21 9 — X

Kentucky ................................. 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 Birth to 21 Yes X

Louisiana ................................ 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 17 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 3 to 21 10 Yes X X X

Maine...................................... 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 17 2 7 to 17 2 7 to 17 2 7 to 17 2 7 to 17 2 5 to 19 10,11 — X

Maryland................................. 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 3 5 to 16 3 Birth to 21 X — X X X

Massachusetts........................ 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 3 to 21 6 (

12)— X

Michigan ................................. 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 18 Birth to 25 X Yes

Minnesota ............................... 7 to 18 2 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 Birth to 21 X Yes X

Mississippi .............................. 6 to 17 6 to 17 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 17 6 to 17 6 to 17 Birth to 20 — X X

Missouri .................................. 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 17 Birth to 20 Yes 13 X

Montana.................................. 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 3 to 18 10 — X

Nebraska ................................ 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 Birth to 20 Yes X

Nevada ................................... 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 17 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 2 Birth to 21 4 Yes X X

New Hampshire ...................... 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 18 3 to 21 —

New Jersey ............................. 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 5 to 21 —

New Mexico ............................ 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 2 5 to 18 2 5 to 18 2 5 to 18 2 5 to 18 2 3 to 21 X Yes X X

New York................................. 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 14 6 to 16 14 6 to 16 14 6 to 16 14 Birth to 20 —

North Carolina ........................ 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 5 to 20 X Yes X X

North Dakota .......................... 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 7 to 16 3 to 21 No

Ohio ........................................ 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 3 to 21 X — X 8 X

Oklahoma ............................... 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 Birth to 21 10 Yes X (15) X

Oregon.................................... 7 to 18 7 to 18 7 to 18 2 7 to 18 7 to 18 7 to 18 7 to 18 2 3 to 20 Yes X

Pennsylvania........................... 8 to 17 8 to 17 8 to 17 2 8 to 17 2 8 to 17 2 8 to 17 2 8 to 17 2 6 to 21 X 13 — 13

Rhode Island .......................... 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 3 to 21 — X X

South Carolina........................ 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 16 5 to 17 3 5 to 17 3 5 to 17 3 5 to 17 3 3 to 21 16 —XX 8 X

South Dakota.......................... 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 2,17 6 to 18 2,17 Birth to 21 X — X

Tennessee .............................. 6 to 17 6 to 17 6 to 17 6 to 17 3 6 to 17 3 6 to 17 3 6 to 17 3 3 to 21 4 X Yes X X

Texas ...................................... 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 3 to 21 X Yes X

Utah ........................................ 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 3 to 22 Yes X

Vermont .................................. 7 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 3 to 21 — 13 X

Virginia.................................... 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 5 to 18 2 5 to 18 2 5 to 18 2,3 5 to 18 2,3 2 to 21 X Yes X X

Washington............................. 8 to 17 2 8 to 17 2 8 to 16 2 8 to 18 8 to 18 8 to 18 8 to 18 3 to 21 16 Yes X

West Virginia........................... 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 16 6 to 17 5 to 21 18 X Yes X X X

Wisconsin ............................... 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 6 to 18 3 to 21 Yes X

Wyoming................................. 6 to 16 2 6 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 7 to 16 2 3 to 21 — X
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 255

State Regulations

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

†Not applicable. 

X Denotes that the state has a policy. A blank denotes that the state does not have a policy.

1Includes time for staff development.

21994 data. 

3Or an equivalent number of minutes of instruction per year for districts on an alternate schedule.

4Does not include time for staff development.

5No statewide policy; varies by district.

61996 data. 

7Instructional time for graduating seniors may be reduced.

81998 data. 

9Middle schools (any combination of grades 4 through 8) are required to have the same hours as

secondary schools (grades 9 through 12).

10Teachers may use 33 hours of the full-day kindergarten program and 22 hours of the grades 1

through 5 programs for home visits or parent-teacher conferences.

11Does not include time for staff development and parent-teacher conferences.

12The Board of Education sets the minimum number of hours in the school term for grades 1

through 3.

NOTE: Minimum number of instructional days refers to the actual number of days that pupils

have contact with a teacher. Some states allow for different types of school calendars by setting

instructional time in both days and hours, while others use only days or only hours. For states in

which the number of days or hours varies by grade, the relevant grade(s) appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: Council of Chief State School Officers, Key State Education Policies on PK–12 Education, 2000, 2006, and 2008; Education Commission of the States, StateNotes, Scheduling/

Length of School Year (September 2010 revision), retrieved September 20, 2010, from http://

www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/78/24/7824.pdf; and supplemental information retrieved September 24, 2010, from the New Hampshire Department of Education, http://www.education.nh.gov/

standards/faq.htm; retrieved September 24, 2010, from the South Dakota Department of Education, http://doe.sd.gov/oatq/districtaccrediation.asp; and retrieved September 29, 2010, from

the Pennsylvania State Code, http://pacode.com/secure/data/022/Chapter11/s11.3.html. (This

table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 175. Minimum amount of instructional time per year and policy on textbook selection, by state: 2000, 2006, 2008, and 2010

State

Minimum amount of instructional time per year State policy on textbook selection, 2008

State

In days In hours State recommends or selects textbooks

Local

decision

State

standards

used in

recommendation

or

2000 2006 selection 2010 2010

Recommends Selects

Either

recommends or

selects

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Alabama ................ 175 175 180 † X X ............... Alabama

Alaska.................... 180 180 180 1 740 (K–3); 900 (4–12) X ...................Alaska

Arizona .................. 175 2 180 180 3 † X ................. Arizona

Arkansas................ 178 178 178 4 † X X .............. Arkansas

California ............... 175 180 180 † X .............. California

Colorado ................ [5] 160 160 450/900 (K); 990 (1–5); 1,080 (6–12) X ............... Colorado

Connecticut............ 180 180 180 450/900 (K); 900 (1–12) X ...........Connecticut

Delaware................ [5] † † 440 (K); 1,060 (1–11); 1,032 (12) X ...............Delaware

District of Columbia 180 6 180 180 † District of Columbia

Florida.................... 180 180 180 † X X .................. Florida

Georgia.................. 180 6 180 180 † X X .................Georgia Hawaii.................... 184 179 180 † X X ...................Hawaii

Idaho...................... 180 † †

4501 (K); 8101 (1–3); 9001 (4–8);

9901,7 (9–12) X X .....................Idaho

Illinois..................... 180 8 176 176 † X ....................Illinois

Indiana................... 180 180 180 † X X ..................Indiana

Iowa ....................... 180 180 180 † X ...................... Iowa

Kansas................... 186 186 (K–11); 186 (K–11); 465 (K); 1,116 (1–11); 1,086 (12) X ..................Kansas

 181 (12) 181 (12)

Kentucky ................ 175 175 175 1 † X X ............... Kentucky

Louisiana ............... 175 177 177 4 † X .............. Louisiana

Maine..................... 175 175 175 4 † X ....................Maine

Maryland................ 180 180 180 1,080 X ...............Maryland

Massachusetts....... 180 180 180 † X ......Massachusetts

Michigan ................ 180 † 165 1,098 X ............... Michigan

Minnesota .............. [5] [5] [5] † X .............Minnesota

Mississippi ............. 180 180 180 † X ............ Mississippi

Missouri ................. 174 174 174 1,044 — — — — — ................ Missouri

Montana................. 180 90 (K); † 360/7204 (K); 7204 (1–3); 1,0804,7 (4–12) X ................Montana

 180 (K–12)

Nebraska ............... [5] † † 400 (K); 1,032 (1–8); 1,080 (9–12) X .............. Nebraska

Nevada .................. 180 180 180 † ................. Nevada

New Hampshire ..... 180 180 180 945 (1-8)9

; 990 (9–12) X .... New Hampshire

New Jersey ............ 180 180 180 † X ...........New Jersey

New Mexico ........... 180 180 180 450/990 (K); 99010 (1-6); 1,080 (7–12) X X .......... New Mexico

New York................ 180 6 180 180 † X ...............New York

North Carolina ....... 180 180 180 1,000 X ...... North Carolina

North Dakota ......... 173 173 173 11 † X ........ North Dakota

Ohio ....................... 182 182 182 1 † X ......................Ohio

Oklahoma .............. 180 180 175 4 † X X ............. Oklahoma

Oregon................... [5] † † 405 (K); 810 (1–3); 900 (4–8); 9907

 (9–12) X X ..................Oregon Pennsylvania.......... 180 180 180 450 (K); 900 (1–8); 990 (9–12) — — — — — ........ Pennsylvania

Rhode Island ......... 180 180 180 † X ........ Rhode Island

South Carolina....... 180 180 180 4 † X X ......South Carolina

South Dakota......... — † † 437.5 (K); minimum of 875 (1–3)12; X ........South Dakota

962.57

 (4–12)

Tennessee ............. 180 180 180 11 † X X ............ Tennessee

Texas ..................... 187 180 180 † X .................... Texas

Utah ....................... 180 180 180 450 (K); 810 (1); 990 (2–12) X ......................Utah

Vermont ................. 175 175 175 † — — — — — ................ Vermont

Virginia................... 180 180 180 540 (K); 990 (1–12) X X X ..................Virginia Washington............ 180 8 180 180 450 (K); 1,000 (1–12) X X ...........Washington

West Virginia.......... 180 180 180 † X ........ West Virginia Wisconsin .............. 180 180 180 437 (K); 1,050 (1–6); 1,137 (7–12) X ............. Wisconsin

Wyoming................ 175 175 175 † X ...............Wyoming
256 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

State Regulations

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Exit exam subjects tested: E = English (including writing), M = Mathematics, S = Science, and H

= History/social studies.

2Graduation requirements are determined locally.

3Florida offers three graduation programs: one 4-year, 24-credit program, and two 3-year, 18-

credit programs. The 4-year program requires 4 credits of mathematics, and both 3-year programs require 3 credits of mathematics.

4Expressed in semester credits instead of Carnegie units. 

5Students must pass either the science or social studies components of the Graduation Exit

Examination (GEE) to receive a standard diploma.

6For the graduating classes of 2010 through 2014, students can graduate by passing statewide

reading and writing assessments and either passing mathematics assessments or meeting

other requirements.

7State did not participate in the 2008 online survey; data are from 2006.

8Expressed in credit hours instead of Carnegie units.

9Requirement takes effect for class of 2012.

10To receive the standard diploma, students must earn at least six verified credits by passing

end-of-course assessments. One of those credits may be earned by passing a student-selected

test in computer science, technology, career and technical education, or other areas.

11For the graduating class of 2010, students must pass an exit exam in reading and writing. Students in the class of 2013 will be required to pass reading, writing, math, and science assessments.

12Determined locally, but state encourages school boards to adopt this requirement.

NOTE: Local school districts frequently have other graduation requirements in addition to state

requirements. The Carnegie unit is a standard of measurement that represents one credit for the

completion of a 1-year course. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: Council of Chief State School Officers, Key State Education Policies on PK–12 Education, 2008, table 7, retrieved October 6, 2010, from http://www.ccsso.org/Documents/2008/

Key_State_Education_Policies_2008.pdf; Education Week and Editorial Projects in Education

Research Center, Diplomas Count 2008, Graduation Briefs, retrieved October 6, 2010, from

http://www.edweek.org/ew/toc/2008/06/05/index.html; and Diplomas Count 2010, “Graduation

Policies” table, retrieved August 9, 2010, from http://www.edweek.org/ew/toc/2010/06/10/

index.html. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 176. Credit requirements and exit exam requirements for a standard high school diploma and the use of other high school completion 

credentials, by state: 2008 and 2010

State

Course credits (in Carnegie units), 2008 High school exit exams, 2010

Other completion 

credentials, 2010

Total

required credits for

standard diploma,

all courses

Required credits in selected subject areas

Exit exam

required for

standard

diploma

Characteristics of required exams

Advanced

recognition

for exceeding

standard

requirements

Alternative

credential for

not meeting

all standard

requirements

English/

language

arts

Social

studies Science Mathematics Other credits

Subjects

tested1

Exam based

on standards

for 10th

grade or

higher

Appeals

or alternative

route to

standard

diploma if

exam failed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Alabama ........................................ 24.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 Yes EMSH Yes Yes Yes Yes

Alaska............................................ 21.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 Yes EM Yes Yes No Yes

Arizona .......................................... 20.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 Yes EM Yes Yes Yes No

Arkansas........................................ 22.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 8.0 Yes M No Yes No No

California ....................................... 13.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Yes EM Yes Yes Yes Yes

Colorado ........................................ † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 No † † † No No

Connecticut.................................... 20.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 No † † † No No

Delaware........................................ 22.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.0 No † † † No Yes

District of Columbia ....................... 24.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 No † † † No Yes

Florida............................................ 24.0 or 18.0 3 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 or 3.0 3 10.0 or 5.0 3 Yes EM Yes Yes No Yes

Georgia.......................................... 23.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 Yes EMSH Yes Yes Yes Yes

Hawaii............................................ 22.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 No † † † Yes Yes

Idaho.............................................. 42.0 4 9.0 4 5.0 4.0 4.0 20.0 4 Yes EM Yes Yes No No

Illinois............................................. 18.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 9.0 No † † † No No

Indiana........................................... 40.0 4 8.0 4 6.0 4 6.0 4 6.0 4 14.0 4 Yes EM No Yes Yes No

Iowa ............................................... † 2 † 2 1.5 † 2 † 2 † 2 No † † † No No

Kansas........................................... 21.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 No † † † No No

Kentucky ........................................ 22.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.0 No † † † Yes Yes

Louisiana ....................................... 23.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 10.0 Yes EMSH 5 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Maine............................................. 16.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 6.0 No † † † No Yes

Maryland........................................ 21.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 Yes EMSH Yes Yes Yes Yes

Massachusetts............................... † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 Yes EMS Yes Yes Yes Yes

Michigan ........................................ † 2 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 † 2 No † † † No Yes

Minnesota ...................................... 21.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 8.0 Yes EM 6 Yes Yes No No

Mississippi ..................................... 20.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 7.0 Yes EMSH Yes Yes No Yes

Missouri ......................................... 22.0 7 4.0 7 2.0 7 2.0 7 2.0 7 12.0 7 No † † † Yes No

Montana......................................... 20.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 No † † † No No

Nebraska ....................................... 200.0 8 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 No † † † No No

Nevada .......................................... 22.5 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 11.5 Yes EMS Yes Yes Yes Yes

New Hampshire ............................. 20.0 4.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 8.5 No † † † Yes Yes

New Jersey .................................... 22.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.0 Yes EM Yes Yes No No

New Mexico ................................... 24.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 10.0 Yes EMSH No Yes No Yes

New York........................................ 22.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 8.0 Yes EMSH Yes Yes Yes Yes

North Carolina ............................... 20.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 Yes EMSH Yes Yes Yes Yes

North Dakota ................................. 21.0 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 † 2 No † † † No No

Ohio ............................................... 20.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 7.0 Yes EMSH Yes Yes Yes No

Oklahoma ...................................... 23.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 10.0 No 9 † † †Yes No

Oregon........................................... 22.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 12.0 No † † † No Yes

Pennsylvania.................................. † 2,7 † 2,7 † 2,7 † 2,7 † 2,7 † 2,7 No † † † Yes No

Rhode Island ................................. 20.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 No † † † No Yes

South Carolina............................... 24.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 10.0 Yes EM Yes No Yes Yes

South Dakota................................. 22.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.0 No † † † Yes No

Tennessee ..................................... 20.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 7.0 Yes EMS Yes No Yes Yes

Texas ............................................. 24.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 9.0 Yes EMSH Yes No Yes Yes

Utah ............................................... 24.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 14.5 No † † † No Yes

Vermont ......................................... 20.0 7 4.0 7 3.0 7 3.0 7 3.0 7 7.0 7 No † † † No No

Virginia........................................... 22.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.0 Yes EMSH 10 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Washington.................................... 20.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 9.5 Yes E 11 Yes Yes No No

West Virginia.................................. 24.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 9.0 No † † † Yes Yes

Wisconsin ...................................... 21.5 12 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 10.5 No † † † No Yes

Wyoming........................................ 22.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 9.0 No † † † Yes Yes
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 257

State Regulations

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

X State has a test.

1Off-the-shelf/norm-referenced tests (NRTs) are commercially developed tests that have not

been modified to reflect state content standards. 

2Custom-developed criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) are explicitly designed to measure

state content standards. 

3Augmented or hybrid tests incorporate elements of both NRTs and CRTs. These tests

include NRTs that have been augmented or modified to reflect state standards.

NOTE: ES = elementary school, MS = middle school, and HS = high school.

SOURCE: Quality Counts 2007, Cradle to Career, Education Week, 2007. (This table was prepared September 2008.)

Table 177. States that use criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) aligned to state standards, by subject area and level: 2006–07 

State

Aligned to state standards Off-the-shelf/

norm-referenced

test (NRT)1

Criterion-referenced tests,2 by subject area and level 

Custom-developed

test (CRT)2

Augmented or

hybrid test3

English/

language arts Mathematics Science

Social studies/

history

1 234567 8

Alabama .......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS HS HS

Alaska.............................................................. X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Arizona ............................................................ X X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Arkansas.......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS

California ......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS MS, HS

Colorado .......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Connecticut...................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS HS

Delaware.......................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

District of Columbia ......................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Florida.............................................................. X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Georgia............................................................ X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Hawaii.............................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Idaho................................................................ X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Illinois............................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS HS

Indiana............................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS

Iowa ................................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Kansas............................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Kentucky .......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Louisiana ......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Maine............................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS

Maryland.......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS HS HS

Massachusetts................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Michigan .......................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS MS, HS

Minnesota ........................................................ X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Mississippi ....................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS HS

Missouri ........................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Montana........................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Nebraska ......................................................... X ES, MS, HS

Nevada ............................................................ X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

New Hampshire ............................................... X ES, MS ES, MS

New Jersey ...................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS

New Mexico ..................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

New York.......................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

North Carolina ................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS HS HS

North Dakota ................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Ohio ................................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Oklahoma ........................................................ X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Oregon............................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS MS, HS

Pennsylvania.................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Rhode Island ................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

South Carolina................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

South Dakota................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Tennessee ....................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Texas ............................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS MS, HS

Utah ................................................................. X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Vermont ........................................................... X ES, MS ES, MS

Virginia............................................................. X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Washington...................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

West Virginia.................................................... X X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS

Wisconsin ........................................................ X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS

Wyoming.......................................................... X ES, MS, HS ES, MS, HS
258 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

State Regulations

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

X State has program.

1Testing program is for instructional purposes.

2Testing program is for the purpose of student accountability.

3Testing program is for school accountability.

4Inclusion is voluntary for students, schools, or school districts for one or more grades.

5Endorsed diploma.

6Honors diploma.

7A sample of students is tested for one or more grades.

8High school skills guarantee.

SOURCE: Council of Chief State School Officers, Annual Survey of State Student Assessment Programs, Fall 2003. (This table was prepared April 2005.)

Table 178. States using minimum-competency testing, by grade levels assessed, expected uses of standards, and state or jurisdiction: 2001–02

State or jurisdiction

Grade levels in

which students

are tested on at

least one

component

Expected uses

Student

diagnosis or

placement1

Improvement

of instruction1

Program

evaluation1

Student

promotion2

High school

exit

requirement

School awards

or recognition3

Public school

performance

reporting3 Accreditation3 Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Alabama ....................... 3–8,10–12 X X X X X X

Alaska........................... 3,4,6–10 X X X X

Arizona ......................... 2–10 X X X

Arkansas....................... 4–12 X X X X

California ...................... 2–12 4 XXXXXX (

5,6)

Colorado ....................... 3–10 X X X

Connecticut................... 4,6,8,10 X X X X X X

Delaware....................... 2–11 X X X X X (6

)

Florida........................... 3–11 X X X X X

Georgia......................... K–8,11,12 X X X X X X

Hawaii........................... 3,5,8,10 X X

Idaho............................. K–11 X X X

Illinois............................ 3–5,7–11 4,7 XXX X (

5

)

Indiana.......................... 3,6,8,10 X X X

Iowa .............................. 4,8,11 XXX

Kansas.......................... 4–8,10,11 X X X X X

Kentucky ....................... 3–12 X X X X

Louisiana ...................... 3–11 XXXXX X

Maine............................ 4,8,11 7 X X

Maryland....................... 3,5–12 X X X X X X

Massachusetts.............. 3–8,10 7 XXX XXX (

5

)

Michigan ....................... 4,5,7,8,11 X X X X X

Minnesota ..................... 3–12 X X X X

Mississippi .................... 2–12 X X X X

Missouri ........................ 3–5,7–11 X X X X X X

Montana........................ 4,8,11 X X

Nebraska ...................... 4,8,11 X X X

Nevada ......................... 3–5,8,10–12 X X X X X X

New Hampshire ............ 3,6,10 X X X

New Jersey ................... 4,8,11 X X X X X X (5,8)

New Mexico .................. K,3–10 X X X XXXX

New York....................... 4,5,8–12 XXXXX X (5,6)

North Carolina .............. 3–12 4 XXXXXXX

North Dakota ................ 4,8,12 X X X X X (6

)

Ohio .............................. 4,6,9 X X X X X X

Oklahoma ..................... 3,5,8,10,11 X X X X X

Oregon.......................... 3,5,8,10 X X X

Pennsylvania................. 5,6,8,9,11 X X X X

Rhode Island ................ 3–5,7–11 X X X

South Carolina.............. 1,3–12 7 X X XXX

South Dakota................ 2–6,8–11 X X X

Tennessee .................... 3–12 X X X X X X (

5,6)

Texas ............................ 3–12 X X X XXXX

Utah .............................. 1–12 4 XXXX X X

Vermont ........................ 2,4,5,8,10,11 X X X

Virginia.......................... 3–6,8–12 XXXXX X X

Washington................... 2–11 4,7 XXX X

West Virginia................. 1–12 7 XXX X X(5,8)

Wisconsin ..................... 3,4,8,10 X X X X

Wyoming....................... 4,8,10–12 7 X X X X

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ...... 4,6,8,10,12 X X X

Puerto Rico............... — ———————— —

U.S. Virgin Islands..... — ———————— —
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 259

State Regulations

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

X Denotes that the state requires testing. A blank denotes that the state does not require

testing.

SOURCE: National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification,

NASDTEC Knowledgebase, retrieved July 12, 2010, from https://www.nasdtec.info/. (This

table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 179. States requiring testing for initial certification of elementary and secondary teachers, by skills or knowledge assessment and state: 

2009 and 2010

State

Assessment for certification, 2009 Assessment for certification, 2010

Basic

skills exam

Subjectmatter examKnowledge of

teaching exam

Assessment

of teaching

performance

Basic

skills exam

Subjectmatter examKnowledge of

teaching exam

Assessment

of teaching

performance

1 2345678 9

Alabama .......................................................... XXXXXXX X

Alaska.............................................................. X X

Arizona ............................................................ X X X X

Arkansas.......................................................... XXXXXXX X

California ......................................................... X — X X — X

Colorado .......................................................... X X

Connecticut...................................................... XXXXXXX X

Delaware.......................................................... X X X X

District of Columbia ......................................... X X — — X X — —

Florida.............................................................. X X X X

Georgia............................................................ X X X X

Hawaii.............................................................. X X X — X X X —

Idaho................................................................ X X X X X X

Illinois............................................................... X X X X X X

Indiana............................................................. X X X X X X

Iowa ................................................................. — — — — — —

Kansas............................................................. X X X X

Kentucky .......................................................... XXXXXXX X

Louisiana ......................................................... XXXXXXX X

Maine............................................................... — — — — — — — —

Maryland.......................................................... XXXXXXX X

Massachusetts................................................. X X X X X X

Michigan .......................................................... X X X X X X

Minnesota ........................................................ X X X X X X

Mississippi ....................................................... — — — — — — — —

Missouri ........................................................... X X X X X X

Montana...........................................................

Nebraska ......................................................... X X

Nevada ............................................................ — X — — — X — —

New Hampshire ............................................... X X X X

New Jersey ...................................................... — — — — — — — —

New Mexico ..................................................... XXXXXXX X

New York.......................................................... X X X X

North Carolina ................................................. — — — — — — — —

North Dakota ................................................... — X — — — X — —

Ohio ................................................................. X X X X X X

Oklahoma ........................................................ — — — — — — — —

Oregon............................................................. X X — — X X — —

Pennsylvania.................................................... XXXXXXX X

Rhode Island ................................................... X X X X

South Carolina................................................. X X X X

South Dakota................................................... XXXXXXX X

Tennessee ....................................................... X X X X X X

Texas ............................................................... — — — — — — — —

Utah ................................................................. X X X X

Vermont ........................................................... X X X X

Virginia............................................................. X X X X X X

Washington...................................................... X X X X X X

West Virginia.................................................... XXXXXXX X

Wisconsin ........................................................ X X X X

Wyoming.......................................................... — — — — — —
260 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Revenues and Expenditures

#Rounds to zero.

1Includes a relatively small amount from nongovernmental private sources (gifts and tuition

and transportation fees from patrons). These sources accounted for 2.1 percent of total

revenues in 2007–08.

2Revised from previously published figures.

NOTE: Beginning in 1980–81, revenues for state education agencies are excluded. Beginning in 1988–89, data reflect new survey collection procedures and may not be entirely

comparable with figures for earlier years. With the exception of federal revenue per student, data are not adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar due to inflation. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial

Survey of Education in the United States, 1919–20 through 1955–56; Statistics of State

School Systems, 1957–58 through 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through 1986–87; and Common Core of Data

(CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2007–08. (This

table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 180. Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: Selected years, 1919–20 through 2007–08

School year

Total

(in thousands)

Federal

(in thousands)

Federal revenue per student

State

(in thousands)

Local

(including

intermediate)1

(in thousands)

Percentage distribution

Current dollars

Constant

2008–09

dollars Total Federal State

Local

(including

intermediate)1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

1919–20.............................. $970,121 $2,475 # $1 $160,085 $807,561 100.0 0.3 16.5 83.2

1929–30.............................. 2,088,557 7,334 # 4 353,670 1,727,553 100.0 0.4 16.9 82.7

1939–40.............................. 2,260,527 39,810 $2 24 684,354 1,536,363 100.0 1.8 30.3 68.0

1941–42.............................. 2,416,580 34,305 1 19 759,993 1,622,281 100.0 1.4 31.4 67.1

1943–44.............................. 2,604,322 35,886 2 19 859,183 1,709,253 100.0 1.4 33.0 65.6

1945–46.............................. 3,059,845 41,378 2 21 1,062,057 1,956,409 100.0 1.4 34.7 63.9

1947–48.............................. 4,311,534 120,270 5 46 1,676,362 2,514,902 100.0 2.8 38.9 58.3

1949–50.............................. 5,437,044 155,848 6 56 2,165,689 3,115,507 100.0 2.9 39.8 57.3

1951–52.............................. 6,423,816 227,711 9 70 2,478,596 3,717,507 100.0 3.5 38.6 57.9

1953–54.............................. 7,866,852 355,237 12 98 2,944,103 4,567,512 100.0 4.5 37.4 58.1

1955–56.............................. 9,686,677 441,442 14 115 3,828,886 5,416,350 100.0 4.6 39.5 55.9

1957–58.............................. 12,181,513 486,484 15 111 4,800,368 6,894,661 100.0 4.0 39.4 56.6

1959–60.............................. 14,746,618 651,639 19 135 5,768,047 8,326,932 100.0 4.4 39.1 56.5

1961–62.............................. 17,527,707 760,975 20 145 6,789,190 9,977,542 100.0 4.3 38.7 56.9

1963–64.............................. 20,544,182 896,956 22 155 8,078,014 11,569,213 100.0 4.4 39.3 56.3

1965–66.............................. 25,356,858 1,996,954 47 319 9,920,219 13,439,686 100.0 7.9 39.1 53.0

1967–68.............................. 31,903,064 2,806,469 64 404 12,275,536 16,821,063 100.0 8.8 38.5 52.7

1969–70.............................. 40,266,923 3,219,557 71 402 16,062,776 20,984,589 100.0 8.0 39.9 52.1

1970–71.............................. 44,511,292 3,753,461 82 442 17,409,086 23,348,745 100.0 8.4 39.1 52.5

1971–72.............................. 50,003,645 4,467,969 97 506 19,133,256 26,402,420 100.0 8.9 38.3 52.8

1972–73.............................. 52,117,930 4,525,000 99 496 20,699,752 26,893,180 100.0 8.7 39.7 51.6

1973–74.............................. 58,230,892 4,930,351 108 499 24,113,409 29,187,132 100.0 8.5 41.4 50.1

1974–75.............................. 64,445,239 5,811,595 129 534 27,060,563 31,573,079 100.0 9.0 42.0 49.0

1975–76.............................. 71,206,073 6,318,345 141 546 31,602,885 33,284,840 100.0 8.9 44.4 46.7

1976–77.............................. 75,332,532 6,629,498 150 547 32,526,018 36,177,019 100.0 8.8 43.2 48.0

1977–78.............................. 81,443,160 7,694,194 177 605 35,013,266 38,735,700 100.0 9.4 43.0 47.6

1978–79.............................. 87,994,143 8,600,116 202 633 40,132,136 39,261,891 100.0 9.8 45.6 44.6

1979–80.............................. 96,881,165 9,503,537 228 631 45,348,814 42,028,813 100.0 9.8 46.8 43.4

1980–81.............................. 105,949,087 9,768,262 239 592 50,182,659 45,998,166 100.0 9.2 47.4 43.4

1981–82.............................. 110,191,257 8,186,466 204 466 52,436,435 49,568,356 100.0 7.4 47.6 45.0

1982–83.............................. 117,497,502 8,339,990 211 461 56,282,157 52,875,354 100.0 7.1 47.9 45.0

1983–84.............................. 126,055,419 8,576,547 218 461 60,232,981 57,245,892 100.0 6.8 47.8 45.4

1984–85.............................. 137,294,678 9,105,569 232 471 67,168,684 61,020,425 100.0 6.6 48.9 44.4

1985–86.............................. 149,127,779 9,975,622 253 499 73,619,575 65,532,582 100.0 6.7 49.4 43.9

1986–87.............................. 158,523,693 10,146,013 255 493 78,830,437 69,547,243 100.0 6.4 49.7 43.9

1987–88.............................. 169,561,974 10,716,687 268 496 84,004,415 74,840,873 100.0 6.3 49.5 44.1

1988–89.............................. 192,016,374 11,902,001 296 525 91,768,911 88,345,462 100.0 6.2 47.8 46.0

1989–90.............................. 208,547,573 12,700,784 313 530 98,238,633 97,608,157 100.0 6.1 47.1 46.8

1990–91.............................. 223,340,537 13,776,066 334 536 105,324,533 104,239,939 100.0 6.2 47.2 46.7

1991–92.............................. 234,581,384 15,493,330 368 572 108,783,449 110,304,605 100.0 6.6 46.4 47.0

1992–93.............................. 247,626,168 17,261,252 403 607 113,403,436 116,961,481 100.0 7.0 45.8 47.2

1993–94.............................. 260,159,468 18,341,483 422 620 117,474,209 124,343,776 100.0 7.1 45.2 47.8

1994–95.............................. 273,149,449 18,582,157 421 601 127,729,576 126,837,717 100.0 6.8 46.8 46.4

1995–96.............................. 287,702,844 19,104,019 426 592 136,670,754 131,928,071 100.0 6.6 47.5 45.9

1996–97.............................. 305,065,192 20,081,287 440 595 146,435,584 138,548,321 100.0 6.6 48.0 45.4

1997–98.............................. 325,925,708 22,201,965 481 639 157,645,372 146,078,370 100.0 6.8 48.4 44.8

1998–99.............................. 347,377,993 24,521,817 527 687 169,298,232 153,557,944 100.0 7.1 48.7 44.2

1999–2000.......................... 372,943,802 27,097,866 578 733 184,613,352 161,232,584 100.0 7.3 49.5 43.2

2000–01.............................. 401,356,120 29,100,183 616 756 199,583,097 172,672,840 100.0 7.3 49.7 43.0

2001–02.............................. 419,501,976 33,144,633 695 838 206,541,793 179,815,551 100.0 7.9 49.2 42.9

2002–03.............................. 440,111,653 37,515,909 779 918 214,277,407 188,318,337 100.0 8.5 48.7 42.8

2003–04.............................. 462,026,099 41,923,435 864 996 217,384,191 202,718,474 100.0 9.1 47.1 43.9

2004–05.............................. 487,753,525 44,809,532 918 1,028 228,553,579 214,390,414 100.0 9.2 46.9 44.0

2005–06.............................. 520,621,788 47,553,778 968 1,084 242,151,076 230,916,934 100.0 9.1 46.5 44.4

2006–072 ............................ 555,710,762 47,150,608 957 1,032 263,608,741 244,951,413 100.0 8.5 47.4 44.1

2007–08.............................. 584,728,896 47,707,260 969 1,019 282,662,805 254,358,830 100.0 8.2 48.3 43.5
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 261

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1Includes revenues from gifts, and tuition and fees from patrons.

NOTE: Excludes revenues for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 2007–08. (This

table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 181. Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08

State or jurisdiction

Total (in

thousands)

Federal State Local and intermediate Private1

Amount

(in thousands) Per student

Percent

of total

Amount

(in thousands)

Percent

of total

Amount

(in thousands)

Percent

of total

Amount

(in thousands)

Percent

of total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

United States ........................... $584,728,896 $47,707,260 $969 8.2 $282,662,805 48.3 $241,925,067 41.4 $12,433,763 2.1

Alabama ........................................... 7,693,742 744,382 1,002 9.7 4,658,854 60.6 1,973,914 25.7 316,592 4.1

Alaska............................................... 2,289,219 306,063 2,336 13.4 1,517,297 66.3 443,492 19.4 22,367 1.0

Arizona ............................................. 10,283,842 1,092,090 1,004 10.6 5,318,991 51.7 3,624,668 35.2 248,093 2.4

Arkansas........................................... 4,674,053 506,124 1,057 10.8 2,649,411 56.7 1,375,782 29.4 142,736 3.1

California .......................................... 71,224,024 6,682,198 1,053 9.4 43,660,964 61.3 20,320,028 28.5 560,833 0.8

Colorado ........................................... 8,113,611 559,710 698 6.9 3,423,454 42.2 3,808,112 46.9 322,334 4.0

Connecticut....................................... 9,459,433 420,348 737 4.4 3,743,350 39.6 5,170,418 54.7 125,317 1.3

Delaware........................................... 1,690,557 132,991 1,085 7.9 1,048,771 62.0 490,506 29.0 18,289 1.1

District of Columbia .......................... 1,364,048 155,273 1,980 11.4 † † 1,201,235 88.1 7,540 0.6

Florida............................................... 29,321,189 2,527,574 948 8.6 11,389,951 38.8 14,238,396 48.6 1,165,269 4.0

Georgia............................................. 18,671,345 1,495,453 907 8.0 8,476,711 45.4 8,199,663 43.9 499,517 2.7

Hawaii............................................... 2,541,703 310,732 1,727 12.2 2,154,312 84.8 50,825 2.0 25,834 1.0

Idaho................................................. 2,167,455 213,522 785 9.9 1,454,112 67.1 463,859 21.4 35,962 1.7

Illinois................................................ 25,426,959 2,000,312 947 7.9 7,929,343 31.2 14,993,938 59.0 503,365 2.0

Indiana.............................................. 12,295,901 876,615 837 7.1 6,578,455 53.5 4,478,467 36.4 362,364 2.9

Iowa .................................................. 5,297,527 403,399 854 7.6 2,465,113 46.5 2,289,265 43.2 139,750 2.6

Kansas.............................................. 5,528,071 435,710 930 7.9 3,176,570 57.5 1,793,896 32.5 121,897 2.2

Kentucky ........................................... 6,561,268 710,865 1,067 10.8 3,759,235 57.3 1,973,120 30.1 118,048 1.8

Louisiana .......................................... 7,861,130 1,316,912 1,934 16.8 3,523,670 44.8 2,953,934 37.6 66,614 0.8

Maine................................................ 2,601,563 233,419 1,189 9.0 1,168,949 44.9 1,153,083 44.3 46,112 1.8

Maryland........................................... 13,060,333 712,141 842 5.5 5,499,093 42.1 6,527,906 50.0 321,192 2.5

Massachusetts.................................. 14,632,845 752,906 782 5.1 6,127,024 41.9 7,557,917 51.7 194,998 1.3

Michigan ........................................... 19,620,055 1,532,564 905 7.8 11,287,553 57.5 6,466,557 33.0 333,381 1.7

Minnesota ......................................... 10,293,655 608,058 726 5.9 6,783,079 65.9 2,583,070 25.1 319,447 3.1

Mississippi ........................................ 4,388,016 708,262 1,433 16.1 2,389,464 54.5 1,175,675 26.8 114,616 2.6

Missouri ............................................ 9,876,930 799,986 894 8.1 3,292,456 33.3 5,434,670 55.0 349,818 3.5

Montana............................................ 1,559,091 189,229 1,330 12.1 774,708 49.7 534,338 34.3 60,816 3.9

Nebraska .......................................... 3,286,862 298,660 1,062 9.1 1,089,026 33.1 1,753,841 53.4 145,334 4.4

Nevada ............................................. 4,364,266 289,633 675 6.6 1,344,111 30.8 2,595,273 59.5 135,249 3.1

New Hampshire ................................ 2,613,798 136,516 680 5.2 1,009,291 38.6 1,416,608 54.2 51,384 2.0

New Jersey ....................................... 24,892,358 990,198 716 4.0 10,472,031 42.1 12,900,734 51.8 529,395 2.1

New Mexico ...................................... 3,655,607 496,889 1,510 13.6 2,587,683 70.8 519,225 14.2 51,810 1.4

New York........................................... 52,766,249 3,163,749 1,144 6.0 23,641,251 44.8 25,604,576 48.5 356,673 0.7

North Carolina .................................. 12,426,731 1,247,143 847 10.0 8,158,251 65.7 2,753,531 22.2 267,807 2.2

North Dakota .................................... 1,056,726 145,767 1,533 13.8 383,231 36.3 480,853 45.5 46,876 4.4

Ohio .................................................. 22,796,037 1,658,314 908 7.3 10,392,395 45.6 10,045,462 44.1 699,867 3.1

Oklahoma ......................................... 5,482,414 646,417 1,007 11.8 2,973,757 54.2 1,612,616 29.4 249,624 4.6

Oregon.............................................. 6,118,492 554,444 980 9.1 3,200,001 52.3 2,209,949 36.1 154,098 2.5

Pennsylvania..................................... 24,973,392 1,795,633 996 7.2 9,122,496 36.5 13,651,618 54.7 403,645 1.6

Rhode Island .................................... 2,223,575 173,043 1,172 7.8 887,762 39.9 1,140,349 51.3 22,421 1.0

South Carolina.................................. 7,773,773 715,692 1,005 9.2 3,949,713 50.8 2,859,796 36.8 248,571 3.2

South Dakota.................................... 1,206,955 184,549 1,518 15.3 409,680 33.9 577,410 47.8 35,316 2.9

Tennessee ........................................ 8,230,341 863,801 896 10.5 3,752,493 45.6 3,159,760 38.4 454,287 5.5

Texas ................................................ 45,574,722 4,571,881 978 10.0 20,400,120 44.8 19,665,703 43.2 937,017 2.1

Utah .................................................. 4,396,364 342,166 594 7.8 2,490,823 56.7 1,373,639 31.2 189,736 4.3

Vermont ............................................ 1,504,572 94,624 1,006 6.3 1,291,690 85.9 96,962 6.4 21,296 1.4

Virginia.............................................. 14,527,472 897,427 729 6.2 5,951,317 41.0 7,393,100 50.9 285,628 2.0

Washington....................................... 11,107,344 895,641 869 8.1 6,941,092 62.5 2,950,463 26.6 320,148 2.9

West Virginia..................................... 3,166,494 346,332 1,226 10.9 1,872,918 59.1 917,579 29.0 29,665 0.9

Wisconsin ......................................... 10,485,161 669,635 772 6.4 5,244,730 50.0 4,333,568 41.3 237,229 2.3

Wyoming........................................... 1,601,628 102,270 1,189 6.4 846,053 52.8 635,719 39.7 17,586 1.1

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .......................... 65,624 49,798 — 75.9 15,529 23.7 133 0.2 164 0.2

Guam ............................................ 243,990 53,553 — 21.9 0 0.0 189,700 77.7 737 0.3

Northern Marianas........................ 63,012 26,762 2,368 42.5 35,847 56.9 381 0.6 22 #

Puerto Rico................................... 3,365,390 940,011 1,785 27.9 2,424,243 72.0 2 # 1,133 #

U.S. Virgin Islands......................... 233,195 39,418 2,479 16.9 0 0.0 193,618 83.0 158 0.1
262 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1Includes revenues from gifts, and tuition and fees from patrons.

NOTE: Excludes revenues for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 2006–07. (This

table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 182. Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state or jurisdiction: 2006–07

State or jurisdiction

Total (in

thousands)

Federal State Local and intermediate Private1

Amount

(in thousands) Per student

Percent

of total

Amount

(in thousands)

Percent

of total

Amount

(in thousands)

Percent

of total

Amount

(in thousands)

Percent

of total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

United States ........................... $555,710,762 $47,150,608 $957 8.5 $263,608,741 47.4 $233,093,719 41.9 $11,857,694 2.1

Alabama ........................................... 7,100,169 720,476 969 10.1 4,070,907 57.3 2,001,570 28.2 307,215 4.3

Alaska............................................... 1,896,849 284,203 2,143 15.0 1,146,630 60.4 446,188 23.5 19,828 1.0

Arizona ............................................. 9,638,544 1,076,040 1,007 11.2 4,958,859 51.4 3,362,821 34.9 240,824 2.5

Arkansas........................................... 4,459,921 500,105 1,050 11.2 2,556,917 57.3 1,259,981 28.3 142,919 3.2

California .......................................... 69,557,257 6,710,418 1,047 9.6 42,754,127 61.5 19,497,640 28.0 595,072 0.9

Colorado ........................................... 7,717,989 541,519 682 7.0 3,323,182 43.1 3,543,206 45.9 310,083 4.0

Connecticut....................................... 9,050,539 419,906 730 4.6 3,509,495 38.8 5,001,042 55.3 120,096 1.3

Delaware........................................... 1,631,426 122,161 999 7.5 1,029,607 63.1 461,528 28.3 18,130 1.1

District of Columbia .......................... 1,282,317 155,019 2,128 12.1 † † 1,119,711 87.3 7,587 0.6

Florida............................................... 28,241,627 2,533,503 948 9.0 11,133,826 39.4 13,636,255 48.3 938,044 3.3

Georgia............................................. 17,714,805 1,509,809 927 8.5 7,941,066 44.8 7,779,258 43.9 484,672 2.7

Hawaii............................................... 2,442,389 351,900 1,947 14.4 2,028,637 83.1 40,597 1.7 21,255 0.9

Idaho................................................. 2,039,338 209,685 784 10.3 1,371,187 67.2 420,405 20.6 38,061 1.9

Illinois................................................ 24,026,545 1,870,304 883 7.8 7,316,138 30.5 14,346,885 59.7 493,219 2.1

Indiana.............................................. 10,062,766 805,079 770 8.0 5,354,404 53.2 3,602,508 35.8 300,775 3.0

Iowa .................................................. 5,009,516 401,282 834 8.0 2,279,210 45.5 2,192,775 43.8 136,249 2.7

Kansas.............................................. 5,259,228 445,010 948 8.5 2,980,534 56.7 1,716,551 32.6 117,133 2.2

Kentucky ........................................... 6,141,245 687,706 1,007 11.2 3,483,546 56.7 1,856,212 30.2 113,782 1.9

Louisiana .......................................... 7,142,552 1,233,167 1,825 17.3 3,043,752 42.6 2,801,766 39.2 63,867 0.9

Maine................................................ 2,537,228 231,870 1,195 9.1 1,147,116 45.2 1,114,825 43.9 43,417 1.7

Maryland........................................... 11,624,623 688,176 808 5.9 4,684,823 40.3 5,930,388 51.0 321,236 2.8

Massachusetts.................................. 14,179,328 763,031 788 5.4 6,641,467 46.8 6,574,725 46.4 200,104 1.4

Michigan ........................................... 19,584,946 1,576,501 915 8.0 11,484,249 58.6 6,186,757 31.6 337,439 1.7

Minnesota ......................................... 9,715,233 588,282 700 6.1 6,488,998 66.8 2,333,335 24.0 304,618 3.1

Mississippi ........................................ 4,157,666 712,855 1,440 17.1 2,214,691 53.3 1,115,555 26.8 114,565 2.8

Missouri ............................................ 9,345,716 787,309 875 8.4 3,111,235 33.3 5,099,403 54.6 347,769 3.7

Montana............................................ 1,474,331 192,940 1,343 13.1 709,781 48.1 515,189 34.9 56,422 3.8

Nebraska .......................................... 3,123,329 293,223 1,045 9.4 990,277 31.7 1,696,805 54.3 143,024 4.6

Nevada ............................................. 4,008,036 280,453 660 7.0 1,077,524 26.9 2,520,482 62.9 129,577 3.2

New Hampshire ................................ 2,502,258 137,549 676 5.5 937,660 37.5 1,376,859 55.0 50,190 2.0

New Jersey ....................................... 24,190,490 1,055,816 760 4.4 10,194,361 42.1 12,427,778 51.4 512,535 2.1

New Mexico ...................................... 3,352,094 468,393 1,427 14.0 2,399,420 71.6 434,203 13.0 50,078 1.5

New York........................................... 49,749,322 3,320,153 1,182 6.7 21,632,213 43.5 24,441,606 49.1 355,349 0.7

North Carolina .................................. 11,991,073 1,196,942 838 10.0 7,613,227 63.5 2,915,797 24.3 265,107 2.2

North Dakota .................................... 995,395 150,169 1,553 15.1 353,519 35.5 446,663 44.9 45,043 4.5

Ohio .................................................. 22,242,577 1,589,201 865 7.1 9,888,710 44.5 10,074,699 45.3 689,966 3.1

Oklahoma ......................................... 5,233,050 649,871 1,016 12.4 2,820,218 53.9 1,519,262 29.0 243,700 4.7

Oregon.............................................. 5,661,558 547,425 973 9.7 2,908,103 51.4 2,061,087 36.4 144,943 2.6

Pennsylvania..................................... 23,988,602 1,762,026 942 7.3 8,675,316 36.2 13,132,108 54.7 419,153 1.7

Rhode Island .................................... 2,145,821 173,402 1,144 8.1 865,044 40.3 1,084,329 50.5 23,047 1.1

South Carolina.................................. 7,130,019 699,132 987 9.8 3,147,685 44.1 3,038,522 42.6 244,680 3.4

South Dakota.................................... 1,138,701 177,130 1,462 15.6 374,228 32.9 553,472 48.6 33,871 3.0

Tennessee ........................................ 7,725,838 827,929 846 10.7 3,349,705 43.4 3,108,172 40.2 440,031 5.7

Texas ................................................ 43,282,278 4,466,298 971 10.3 16,349,077 37.8 21,578,442 49.9 888,461 2.1

Utah .................................................. 3,777,931 335,684 641 8.9 2,104,005 55.7 1,258,955 33.3 79,287 2.1

Vermont ............................................ 1,441,199 97,252 1,019 6.7 1,238,582 85.9 85,173 5.9 20,191 1.4

Virginia.............................................. 13,962,224 890,128 729 6.4 5,813,437 41.6 6,977,648 50.0 281,010 2.0

Washington....................................... 10,450,101 870,261 848 8.3 6,383,843 61.1 2,877,317 27.5 318,681 3.0

West Virginia..................................... 3,039,383 354,772 1,258 11.7 1,808,685 59.5 847,074 27.9 28,852 0.9

Wisconsin ......................................... 10,069,345 577,878 664 5.7 5,197,595 51.6 4,054,513 40.3 239,360 2.4

Wyoming........................................... 1,476,046 111,264 1,313 7.5 721,925 48.9 625,680 42.4 17,177 1.2

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .......................... 61,984 45,653 2,784 73.7 16,089 26.0 0 0.0 242 0.4

Guam ............................................ 228,202 49,305 — 21.6 0 0.0 178,064 78.0 834 0.4

Northern Marianas........................ 66,691 29,666 2,537 44.5 36,354 54.5 650 1.0 21 #

Puerto Rico................................... 3,290,513 951,213 1,748 28.9 2,339,194 71.1 10 # 97 #

U.S. Virgin Islands......................... 215,970 38,088 2,339 17.6 0 0.0 177,729 82.3 152 0.1
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 263

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Prior to 1959–60, items included under “other school services” were listed under “auxiliary

services,” a more comprehensive classification that also included community services. 

2Includes expenditures for summer schools, adult education, community colleges, and

community services.

3Prior to 1969–70, excludes capital outlay by state and local school housing authorities. 

4Plant operation also includes plant maintenance. 

5Data not comparable to figures prior to 1989–90. 

6Data have been revised from previously published figures. 

NOTE: Beginning in 1959–60, includes Alaska and Hawaii. Beginning in 1989–90, state

administration expenditures were excluded from both “total” and “current” expenditures.

Beginning in 1989–90, extensive changes were made in the data collection procedures.

Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial

Survey of Education in the United States, 1919–20 through 1949–50; Statistics of State

School Systems, 1959–60 and 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1979–80; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “National

Public Education Financial Survey,” 1989–90 through 2007–08. (This table was prepared

August 2010.)

Table 183. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: Selected years, 1919–20 through 

2007–08

School year

 Total

expenditures

Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education Other

current

expenditures2

Capital

outlay3

Interest on

Total Administration Instruction school debt

 Plant

operation

 Plant maintenance Fixed

charges

 Other school

services1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Amounts in thousands of current dollars

1919–20................. $1,036,151 $861,120 $36,752 $632,556 $115,707 $30,432 $9,286 $36,387 $3,277 $153,543 $18,212

1929–30................. 2,316,790 1,843,552 78,680 1,317,727 216,072 78,810 50,270 101,993 9,825 370,878 92,536

1939–40................. 2,344,049 1,941,799 91,571 1,403,285 194,365 73,321 50,116 129,141 13,367 257,974 130,909

1949–50................. 5,837,643 4,687,274 220,050 3,112,340 427,587 214,164 261,469 451,663 35,614 1,014,176 100,578

1959–60................. 15,613,254 12,329,388 528,408 8,350,738 1,085,036 422,586 909,323 1,033,297 132,566 2,661,786 489,514

1969–70................. 40,683,429 34,217,773 1,606,646 23,270,158 2,537,257 974,941 3,266,920 2,561,856 635,803 4,659,072 1,170,782

1979–80................. 95,961,561 86,984,142 4,263,757 53,257,937 9,744,785 (

4

) 11,793,934 7,923,729 597,585 6,506,167 1,873,666

1989–90................. 212,769,564 188,229,359 16,346,991 5 113,550,405 5 20,261,415 5 (

4) — 38,070,548 5 2,982,543 17,781,342 3,776,321

1994–95................. 279,000,318 243,877,582 19,877,848 5 150,556,118 5 24,542,922 5 (

4

) — 48,900,694 5 5,148,505 24,456,100 5,518,131

1999–2000............. 381,838,155 323,888,508 25,079,298 5 199,968,138 5 31,190,295 5 (

4) — 67,650,776 5 5,457,015 43,357,186 9,135,445

2000–01................. 410,811,185 348,360,841 26,689,181 5 214,333,003 5 34,034,158 5 (

4

) — 73,304,498 5 6,063,700 46,220,704 10,165,940

2001–02................. 435,364,404 368,378,006 28,309,047 5 226,668,386 5 34,829,109 5 (

4

) — 78,571,464 5 6,530,554 49,960,542 10,495,301

2002–03................. 454,906,912 387,593,617 29,751,958 5 237,731,734 5 36,830,517 5 (

4) — 83,279,408 5 6,873,762 48,940,374 11,499,160

2003–04................. 474,241,531 403,390,369 30,864,875 5 247,444,620 5 38,720,429 5 (

4) — 86,360,444 5 6,927,551 50,842,973 13,080,638

2004–05................. 499,568,736 425,047,565 32,666,223 5 260,046,266 5 40,926,881 5 (

4

) — 91,408,195 5 7,691,468 53,528,382 13,301,322

2005–06................. 528,268,772 449,131,342 34,197,083 5 273,760,798 5 44,313,835 5 (

4

) — 96,859,626 5 7,415,575 57,375,299 14,346,556

2006–076 ............... 562,194,807 476,814,206 36,213,814 5 290,678,482 5 46,828,916 5 (

4) — 103,092,995 5 7,804,253 62,863,465 14,712,882

2007–08................. 596,610,358 506,827,246 38,263,001 5 308,236,203 5 49,360,206 5 (

4) — 110,967,837 5 8,307,762 65,779,861 15,695,488

Amounts in thousands of constant 2008–09 dollars

1919–20................. $11,670,590 $9,699,145 $413,953 $7,124,735 $1,303,255 $342,768 $104,592 $409,842 $36,910 $1,729,417 $205,129

1929–30................. 29,054,011 23,119,307 986,697 16,525,130 2,709,679 988,327 630,418 1,279,057 123,212 4,651,045 1,160,460

1939–40................. 36,004,928 29,826,311 1,406,544 21,554,658 2,985,474 1,126,221 769,789 1,983,624 205,319 3,962,518 2,010,781

1949–50................. 52,911,235 42,484,510 1,994,489 28,209,631 3,875,563 1,941,140 2,369,903 4,093,784 322,798 9,192,289 911,619

1959–60................. 114,062,889 90,072,551 3,860,294 61,006,457 7,926,749 3,087,209 6,643,074 7,548,769 968,463 19,445,722 3,576,153

1969–70................. 231,185,268 194,443,939 9,129,832 132,233,635 14,418,068 5,540,143 18,564,408 14,557,853 3,612,977 26,475,369 6,653,017

1979–80................. 265,337,122 240,514,239 11,789,439 147,260,086 26,944,676 (

4) 32,610,646 21,909,392 1,652,344 17,989,783 5,180,753

1989–90................. 359,698,280 318,211,756 27,635,459 5 191,963,007 5 34,253,001 5 (

4) — 64,360,289 5 5,042,148 30,060,306 6,384,072

1994–95................. 398,181,282 348,055,117 28,369,097 5 214,869,390 5 35,026,957 5 (

4) — 69,789,673 5 7,347,799 34,903,047 7,875,320

1999–2000............. 484,161,181 410,682,486 31,799,919 5 253,554,572 5 39,548,509 5 (

4) — 85,779,483 5 6,919,358 54,975,822 11,583,515

2000–01................. 503,643,270 427,080,857 32,720,205 5 262,766,396 5 41,724,947 5 (

4) — 89,869,308 5 7,433,930 56,665,318 12,463,164

2001–02................. 524,459,304 443,764,513 34,102,336 5 273,054,808 5 41,956,692 5 (

4) — 94,650,676 5 7,866,996 60,184,689 12,643,106

2002–03................. 536,217,014 456,872,134 35,069,826 5 280,223,925 5 43,413,606 5 (

4) — 98,164,776 5 8,102,378 57,687,981 13,554,520

2003–04................. 547,039,843 465,312,693 35,602,779 5 285,428,537 5 44,664,198 5 (

4) — 99,617,180 5 7,990,963 58,647,610 15,088,578

2004–05................. 559,420,455 475,971,142 36,579,858 5 291,201,570 5 45,830,198 5 (

4) — 102,359,516 5 8,612,958 59,941,445 14,894,910

2005–06................. 569,857,673 484,490,008 36,889,310 5 295,313,105 5 47,802,520 5 (

4) — 104,485,073 5 7,999,379 61,892,271 15,476,014

2006–076 ............... 591,166,823 501,386,238 38,080,049 5 305,658,238 5 49,242,186 5 (

4) — 108,405,765 5 8,206,436 66,103,056 15,471,093

2007–08................. 604,940,842 513,904,087 38,797,268 5 312,540,112 5 50,049,423 5 (

4) — 112,517,283 5 8,423,764 66,698,347 15,914,645

Percentage distribution

1919–20................. 100.0 83.1 3.5 61.0 11.2 2.9 0.9 3.5 0.3 14.8 1.8

1929–30................. 100.0 79.6 3.4 56.9 9.3 3.4 2.2 4.4 0.4 16.0 4.0

1939–40................. 100.0 82.8 3.9 59.9 8.3 3.1 2.1 5.5 0.6 11.0 5.6

1949–50................. 100.0 80.3 3.8 53.3 7.3 3.7 4.5 7.7 0.6 17.4 1.7

1959–60................. 100.0 79.0 3.4 53.5 6.9 2.7 5.8 6.6 0.8 17.0 3.1

1969–70................. 100.0 84.1 3.9 57.2 6.2 2.4 8.0 6.3 1.6 11.5 2.9

1979–80................. 100.0 90.6 4.4 55.5 10.2 (

4) 12.3 8.3 0.6 6.8 2.0

1989–90................. 100.0 88.5 7.7 5 53.4 5 9.5 (

4) — 17.9 5 1.4 8.4 1.8

1994–95................. 100.0 87.4 7.1 5 54.0 5 8.8 (

4

) — 17.5 5 1.8 8.8 2.0

1999–2000............. 100.0 84.8 6.6 5 52.4 5 8.2 (

4) — 17.7 5 1.4 11.4 2.4

2000–01................. 100.0 84.8 6.5 5 52.2 5 8.3 (

4) — 17.8 5 1.5 11.3 2.5

2001–02................. 100.0 84.6 6.5 5 52.1 5 8.0 (

4) — 18.0 5 1.5 11.5 2.4

2002–03................. 100.0 85.2 6.5 5 52.3 5 8.1 (

4

) — 18.3 5 1.5 10.8 2.5

2003–04................. 100.0 85.1 6.5 5 52.2 5 8.2 (

4) — 18.2 5 1.5 10.7 2.8

2004–05................. 100.0 85.1 6.5 5 52.1 5 8.2 (

4) — 18.3 5 1.5 10.7 2.7

2005–06................. 100.0 85.0 6.5 5 51.8 5 8.4 (

4) — 18.3 5 1.4 10.9 2.7

2006–076 ............... 100.0 84.8 6.4 5 51.7 5 8.3 (

4

) — 18.3 5 1.4 11.2 2.6

2007–08................. 100.0 85.0 6.4 5 51.7 5 8.3 (

4) — 18.6 5 1.4 11.0 2.6
264 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

2Excludes capital outlay for years through 1979–80, and 1989–90 to the latest year. From

1980–81 to 1988–89 total transportation figures include capital outlay.

3Estimate based on data appearing in January issues of School Bus Fleet. 4Estimate based on data reported by School Transportation News.

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems, 1929–30 through 1975–76; Revenues and Expenditures for

Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1977–78 and 1979–80; Common Core of

Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2007–08;

Bobit Publishing Co., School Bus Fleet, “School Transportation: 2000–2001 School Year”

and “2010 Fact Book”; School Transportation News, “K–12 Enrollment/Transportation

Data,” 2001–02 through 2007–08; and unpublished data. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 184. Students transported at public expense and current expenditures for transportation: Selected years, 1929–30 through 2007–08

School year

Average daily

attendance, all

students

Students transported 

at public expense 

Expenditures for transportation 

(in unadjusted dollars) 

Expenditures for transportation 

(in constant 2008–09 dollars)1

Number

Percent

of total

Total2

(in thousands)

Average

per student

transported

Total2

(in thousands)

 Average

per student

transported

1 2 34 5 6 7 8

1929–30................................................................................. 21,265,000 1,902,826 8.9 $54,823 $29 $687,515 $361

1931–32................................................................................. 22,245,000 2,419,173 10.9 58,078 24 864,737 357

1933–34................................................................................. 22,458,000 2,794,724 12.4 53,908 19 873,870 313

1935–36................................................................................. 22,299,000 3,250,658 14.6 62,653 19 978,676 301

1937–38................................................................................. 22,298,000 3,769,242 16.9 75,637 20 1,133,409 301

1939–40................................................................................. 22,042,000 4,144,161 18.8 83,283 20 1,279,239 309

1941–42................................................................................. 21,031,000 4,503,081 21.4 92,922 21 1,279,275 284

1943–44................................................................................. 19,603,000 4,512,412 23.0 107,754 24 1,327,418 294

1945–46................................................................................. 19,849,000 5,056,966 25.5 129,756 26 1,526,870 302

1947–48................................................................................. 20,910,000 5,854,041 28.0 176,265 30 1,623,892 277

1949–50................................................................................. 22,284,000 6,947,384 31.2 214,504 31 1,944,222 280

1951–52................................................................................. 23,257,000 7,697,130 33.1 268,827 35 2,195,559 285

1953–54................................................................................. 25,643,871 8,411,719 32.8 307,437 37 2,454,031 292

1955–56................................................................................. 27,740,149 9,695,819 35.0 353,972 37 2,826,430 292

1957–58................................................................................. 29,722,275 10,861,689 36.5 416,491 38 3,130,581 288

1959–60................................................................................. 32,477,440 12,225,142 37.6 486,338 40 3,552,950 291

1961–62................................................................................. 34,682,340 13,222,667 38.1 576,361 44 4,116,059 311

1963–64................................................................................. 37,405,058 14,475,778 38.7 673,845 47 4,689,911 324

1965–66................................................................................. 39,154,497 15,536,567 39.7 787,358 51 5,296,875 341

1967–68................................................................................. 40,827,965 17,130,873 42.0 981,006 57 6,192,096 361

1969–70................................................................................. 41,934,376 18,198,577 43.4 1,218,557 67 6,924,501 380

1971–72................................................................................. 42,254,272 19,474,355 46.1 1,507,830 77 7,865,559 404

1973–74................................................................................. 41,438,054 21,347,039 51.5 1,858,141 87 8,554,742 401

1975–76................................................................................. 41,269,720 21,772,483 52.8 2,377,313 109 9,201,725 423

1977–78................................................................................. 40,079,590 21,800,000 3 54.4 2,731,041 125 3 9,359,919 429 3

1979–80................................................................................. 38,288,911 21,713,515 56.7 3,833,145 177 10,598,782 488

1980–81................................................................................. 37,703,744 22,272,000 3 59.1 4,408,000 3 198 3 10,923,088 3 490 3

1981–82................................................................................. 37,094,652 22,246,000 3 60.0 4,793,000 3 215 3 10,932,713 3 491 3

1982–83................................................................................. 36,635,868 22,199,000 3 60.6 5,000,000 3 225 3 10,935,201 3 493 3

1983–84................................................................................. 36,362,978 22,031,000 3 60.6 5,284,000 3 240 3 11,143,834 3 506 3

1984–85................................................................................. 36,404,261 22,320,000 3 61.3 5,722,000 3 256 3 11,613,009 3 520 3

1985–86................................................................................. 36,523,103 22,041,000 3 60.3 6,123,000 3 278 3 12,078,544 3 548 3

1986–87................................................................................. 36,863,867 22,397,000 3 60.8 6,551,000 3 292 3 12,642,153 3 564 3

1987–88................................................................................. 37,050,707 22,158,000 3 59.8 6,888,000 3 311 3 12,763,629 3 576 3

1988–89................................................................................. 37,268,072 22,635,000 3 60.7 7,550,000 3 334 3 13,372,730 3 591 3

1989–90................................................................................. 37,799,296 22,459,000 3 59.4 8,030,990 358 3 13,576,817 605 3

1990–91................................................................................. 38,426,543 22,000,000 3 57.3 8,678,954 394 3 13,911,654 632 3

1991–92................................................................................. 38,960,783 23,165,000 3 59.5 8,769,754 379 3 13,620,759 588 3

1992–93................................................................................. 39,570,462 23,439,000 3 59.2 9,252,300 395 3 13,934,961 595 3

1993–94................................................................................. 40,146,393 23,858,000 3 59.4 9,627,155 404 3 14,133,417 592 3

1994–95................................................................................. 40,720,763 23,693,000 3 58.2 9,889,034 417 3 14,113,346 596 3

1995–96................................................................................. 41,501,596 24,155,000 3 58.2 10,396,426 430 3 14,444,504 598 3

1996–97................................................................................. 42,262,004 24,090,000 3 57.0 10,989,809 456 3 14,845,385 616 3

1997–98................................................................................. 42,765,774 24,342,000 3 56.9 11,465,658 471 3 15,216,797 625 3

1998–99................................................................................. 43,186,715 24,898,000 3 57.7 12,224,454 491 3 15,947,764 641 3

1999–2000............................................................................. 43,806,726 24,951,000 3 57.0 13,007,625 521 3 16,493,342 661 3

2000–01................................................................................. 44,075,930 24,471,000 3 55.5 14,052,654 574 3 17,228,169 704 3

2001–02................................................................................. 44,604,592 24,529,000 4 55.0 14,799,365 603 4 17,827,973 727 4

2002–03................................................................................. 45,017,360 24,621,000 4 54.7 15,648,821 636 4 18,445,892 749 4

2003–04................................................................................. 45,325,731 25,159,000 4 55.5 16,348,784 650 4 18,858,399 750 4

2004–05................................................................................. 45,625,458 25,318,000 4 55.5 17,459,659 690 4 19,551,444 772 4

2005–06................................................................................. 45,931,617 25,252,000 4 55.0 18,850,234 746 4 20,334,252 805 4

2006–07................................................................................. 46,132,663 25,285,000 4 54.8 19,979,068 790 4 21,008,665 831 4

2007–08................................................................................. 46,155,830 25,221,000 4 54.6 21,535,686 854 4 21,836,389 866 4
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 185. Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969–70 through 2007–08

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction 1969–70 1979–80 1980–81 1989–90 1995–96 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

United States. $34,217,773 $86,984,142 $94,321,093 $188,229,359 $255,106,683 $285,485,370 $302,876,294 $323,888,508 $348,360,841 $368,378,006 $387,593,617 $403,390,369 $425,047,56

Alabama ............... 422,730 1,146,713 1,393,137 2,275,233 3,240,364 3,633,159 3,880,188 4,176,082 4,354,794 4,444,390 4,657,643 4,812,479 5,164,40

Alaska................... 81,374 377,947 476,368 828,051 1,045,022 1,092,750 1,137,610 1,183,499 1,229,036 1,284,854 1,326,226 1,354,846 1,442,26

Arizona ................. 281,941 949,753 1,075,362 2,258,660 3,327,969 3,740,889 3,963,455 4,288,739 4,846,105 5,395,814 5,892,227 6,071,785 6,579,95

Arkansas............... 235,083 666,949 709,394 1,404,545 1,994,748 2,149,237 2,241,244 2,380,331 2,505,179 2,822,877 2,923,401 3,109,644 3,546,99

California .............. 3,831,595 9,172,158 9,936,642 21,485,782 27,334,639 32,759,492 34,379,878 38,129,479 42,908,787 46,265,544 47,983,402 49,215,866 50,918,65Colorado ............... 369,218 1,243,049 1,369,883 2,451,833 3,360,529 3,886,872 4,140,699 4,401,010 4,758,173 5,151,003 5,551,506 5,666,191 5,994,44

Connecticut........... 588,710 1,227,892 1,440,881 3,444,520 4,366,123 4,763,653 5,075,580 5,402,836 5,693,207 6,031,062 6,302,988 6,600,767 7,080,39Delaware............... 108,747 269,108 270,439 520,953 726,241 830,731 872,786 937,630 1,027,224 1,072,875 1,127,745 1,201,631 1,299,34

District of 

Columbia ........ 141,138 298,448 295,155 639,983 679,106 647,202 693,712 780,192 830,299 912,432 902,318 1,011,536 1,067,50

Florida................... 961,273 2,766,468 3,336,657 8,228,531 11,480,359 12,737,325 13,534,374 13,885,988 15,023,514 15,535,864 16,355,123 17,578,884 19,042,87

Georgia................. 599,371 1,608,028 1,688,714 4,505,962 6,629,646 7,770,241 8,537,177 9,158,624 10,011,343 10,853,496 11,630,576 11,788,616 12,528,85

Hawaii................... 141,324 351,889 395,038 700,012 1,040,682 1,112,351 1,143,713 1,213,695 1,215,968 1,348,381 1,489,092 1,566,792 1,648,08

Idaho..................... 103,107 313,927 352,912 627,794 1,019,594 1,153,778 1,239,755 1,302,817 1,403,190 1,481,803 1,511,862 1,555,006 1,618,2

Illinois.................... 1,896,067 4,579,355 4,773,179 8,125,493 10,727,091 12,473,064 13,602,965 14,462,773 15,634,490 16,480,787 17,271,301 18,081,827 18,658,42

Indiana.................. 809,105 1,851,292 1,898,194 4,074,578 5,493,653 6,234,563 6,697,468 7,110,930 7,548,487 7,704,547 8,088,684 8,524,980 9,108,93

Iowa ...................... 527,086 1,186,659 1,337,504 2,004,742 2,753,425 3,005,421 3,110,585 3,264,336 3,430,885 3,565,796 3,652,022 3,669,797 3,808,20

Kansas.................. 362,593 830,133 958,281 1,848,302 2,488,077 2,684,244 2,841,147 2,971,814 3,264,698 3,450,923 3,510,675 3,658,421 3,718,15

Kentucky ............... 353,265 1,054,459 1,096,472 2,134,011 3,171,495 3,489,205 3,696,331 3,837,794 4,047,392 4,268,608 4,401,627 4,553,382 4,812,59

Louisiana .............. 503,217 1,303,902 1,767,692 2,838,283 3,545,832 4,029,139 4,264,981 4,391,189 4,485,878 4,802,565 5,056,583 5,290,964 5,554,76

Maine.................... 155,907 385,492 401,355 1,048,195 1,313,759 1,433,175 1,510,024 1,604,438 1,704,422 1,812,798 1,909,268 1,969,497 2,056,26

Maryland............... 721,794 1,783,056 1,937,159 3,894,644 5,311,207 5,843,685 6,165,934 6,545,135 7,044,881 7,480,723 7,933,055 8,198,454 8,682,58

Massachusetts...... 907,341 2,638,734 2,794,762 4,760,390 6,435,458 7,381,784 7,948,502 8,564,039 9,272,387 9,957,292 10,281,820 10,799,765 11,357,85Michigan ............... 1,799,945 4,642,847 5,196,249 8,025,621 11,137,877 12,003,818 12,785,480 13,994,294 14,243,597 14,975,150 15,674,698 15,983,044 16,353,92

Minnesota ............. 781,243 1,786,768 1,900,322 3,474,398 4,844,879 5,452,571 5,836,186 6,140,442 6,531,198 6,586,559 6,867,403 7,084,005 7,310,28

Mississippi ............ 262,760 756,018 716,878 1,472,710 2,000,321 2,164,592 2,293,188 2,510,376 2,576,457 2,642,116 2,853,531 3,059,569 3,243,88Missouri ................ 642,030 1,504,988 1,643,258 3,288,738 4,531,192 5,067,720 5,348,366 5,655,531 6,076,169 6,491,885 6,793,957 6,832,454 7,115,20Montana................ 127,176 358,118 380,092 641,345 868,892 929,197 955,695 994,770 1,041,760 1,073,005 1,124,291 1,160,838 1,193,18Nebraska .............. 231,612 581,615 629,017 1,233,431 1,648,104 1,743,775 1,821,310 1,926,500 2,067,290 2,206,946 2,304,223 2,413,404 2,512,9Nevada ................. 87,273 281,901 287,752 712,898 1,296,629 1,570,576 1,738,009 1,875,467 1,978,480 2,169,000 2,251,044 2,470,581 2,722,26

New Hampshire .... 101,370 295,400 340,518 821,671 1,114,540 1,241,255 1,316,946 1,418,503 1,518,792 1,641,378 1,781,594 1,900,240 2,021,14

New Jersey ........... 1,343,564 3,638,533 3,648,914 8,119,336 11,208,558 12,056,560 12,874,579 13,327,645 14,773,650 15,822,609 17,185,966 18,416,695 19,669,57

New Mexico .......... 183,736 515,451 560,213 1,020,148 1,517,517 1,659,891 1,788,382 1,890,274 2,022,093 2,204,165 2,281,608 2,446,115 2,554,63New York............... 4,111,839 8,760,500 9,259,948 18,090,978 23,522,461 25,332,735 26,885,444 28,433,240 30,884,292 32,218,975 34,546,965 36,205,111 38,866,85

North Carolina ...... 676,193 1,880,862 2,112,417 4,342,826 5,582,994 6,497,648 7,097,882 7,713,293 8,201,901 8,543,290 8,766,968 8,994,620 9,835,55

North Dakota ........ 97,895 228,483 254,197 459,391 557,043 599,443 625,428 638,946 668,814 711,437 716,007 749,697 832,15

Ohio ...................... 1,639,805 3,836,576 4,149,858 7,994,379 10,408,022 11,448,722 12,138,937 12,974,575 13,893,495 14,774,065 15,868,494 16,662,985 17,167,86Oklahoma ............. 339,105 1,055,844 1,193,373 1,905,332 2,804,088 3,138,690 3,332,697 3,382,581 3,750,542 3,875,547 3,804,570 3,853,308 4,161,02

Oregon.................. 403,844 1,126,812 1,292,624 2,297,944 3,056,801 3,474,714 3,706,044 3,896,287 4,112,069 4,214,512 4,150,747 4,199,485 4,458,02Pennsylvania......... 1,912,644 4,584,320 4,955,115 9,496,788 12,374,073 13,084,859 13,532,211 14,120,112 14,895,316 15,550,975 16,344,439 17,680,332 18,711,10

Rhode Island ........ 145,443 362,046 395,389 801,908 1,094,185 1,215,595 1,283,859 1,393,143 1,465,703 1,533,455 1,647,587 1,765,585 1,825,90

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available.

1Data have been revised from previously published figures.NOTE: Beginning in 1980–81, expenditures for state administration are excluded. Data are not adjusted for changes in thepurchasing power of the dollar due to inflation. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education S

1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary mon Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1989–August 2010.)

South Carolina...... 367,689 997,984 1,006,088 2,322,618 3,085,495 3,507,017 3,759,042 4,087,355 4,492,161 4,744,809 4,888,250 5,017,833 5,312,73

South Dakota........ 109,375 238,332 242,215 447,074 610,640 665,082 696,785 737,998 796,133 819,296 851,429 887,328 916,56

Tennessee ............ 473,226 1,319,303 1,429,938 2,790,808 3,728,486 4,409,338 4,638,924 4,931,734 5,170,379 5,501,029 5,674,773 6,056,657 6,446,69

Texas .................... 1,518,181 4,997,689 5,310,181 12,763,954 18,801,462 21,188,676 22,430,153 25,098,703 26,546,557 28,191,128 30,399,603 30,974,890 31,919,10

Utah ...................... 179,981 518,251 587,648 1,130,135 1,719,782 1,916,688 2,025,714 2,102,655 2,250,339 2,374,702 2,366,897 2,475,550 2,627,02

Vermont ................ 78,921 189,811 224,901 546,901 684,864 749,786 792,664 870,198 934,031 992,149 1,045,213 1,111,029 1,177,47Virginia.................. 704,677 1,881,519 2,045,412 4,621,071 5,969,608 6,736,863 7,137,419 7,757,598 8,335,805 8,718,554 9,208,329 9,798,239 10,705,16

Washington........... 699,984 1,825,782 1,791,477 3,550,819 5,394,507 5,987,060 6,098,008 6,399,885 6,782,136 7,103,817 7,359,566 7,549,235 7,870,97

West Virginia......... 249,404 678,386 754,889 1,316,637 1,806,004 1,905,940 1,986,562 2,086,937 2,157,568 2,219,013 2,349,833 2,415,043 2,527,76

Wisconsin ............. 777,288 1,908,523 2,035,879 3,929,920 5,670,826 6,280,696 6,620,653 6,852,178 7,249,081 7,592,176 7,934,755 8,131,276 8,435,35

Wyoming............... 69,584 226,067 271,153 509,084 581,817 603,901 651,622 683,918 704,695 761,830 791,732 814,092 863,42Other jurisdictions

American 

Samoa ........ — — — 21,838 30,382 33,088 35,092 42,395 40,642 46,192 47,566 55,519 58,16

Guam ................ 16,652 — — 101,130 — — — — — — — 182,506 Northern 

Marianas..... — — — 20,476 44,037 56,514 50,450 49,832 49,151 46,508 50,843 47,681 58,40

Puerto Rico....... — — 713,000 1,045,407 1,667,640 1,981,603 2,024,499 2,086,414 2,257,837 2,152,724 2,541,385 2,425,372 2,865,94

U.S. Virgin 

Islands ........ — — — 128,065 122,286 131,315 146,474 135,174 125,252 107,343 125,405 128,250 137,79

Table 185. Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1969–70 through 2007–08—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction 1969–70 1979–80 1980–81 1989–90 1995–96 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 186. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Total expenditures 

Total

Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs 

Elementary/

secondary

current

expenditures,

total Instruction

Support services

Food

services

Enterp

operatio

Total

Student

support4

Instructional

staff5

General

administration

School

administration

Operation and

maintenance

Student

transportation

Other support

services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 

United States ........ $596,610,358 $506,827,246 $308,236,203 $178,215,243 $27,385,688 $25,362,608 $9,927,371 $28,335,630 $49,360,206 $21,535,686 $16,308,055 $19,191,507 $1,184,2

Alabama ........................... 7,908,316 6,832,439 4,008,734 2,378,322 369,939 328,041 173,576 420,189 614,676 337,768 134,132 445,383 

Alaska............................... 2,274,715 1,918,375 1,117,441 743,143 137,986 100,475 28,481 116,692 235,162 58,119 66,229 49,930 7,8

Arizona ............................. 10,538,886 8,403,221 4,751,539 3,234,614 901,085 219,922 127,508 399,890 925,441 324,757 336,012 372,916 44,

Arkansas........................... 4,800,320 4,156,368 2,426,303 1,496,531 204,167 318,318 104,192 219,160 385,190 159,241 106,262 229,186 4,3California .......................... 73,868,616 61,570,555 36,947,505 22,300,426 3,062,280 4,274,230 569,195 4,080,401 6,236,159 1,492,241 2,585,922 2,194,867 127,7

Colorado ........................... 8,927,548 7,338,766 4,249,391 2,822,307 343,099 397,126 140,028 516,110 704,257 224,740 496,948 227,783 39,2Connecticut....................... 9,576,944 8,336,789 5,230,362 2,825,770 506,672 263,929 175,822 475,032 803,356 406,601 194,357 208,689 71,9

Delaware........................... 1,795,613 1,489,594 896,817 530,721 76,411 19,266 18,452 84,698 153,225 97,188 81,482 62,057 

District of Columbia .......... 1,589,568 1,282,437 688,205 535,348 72,931 69,295 35,598 60,605 135,121 87,916 73,883 58,883 

Florida............................... 31,518,715 24,224,114 14,594,649 8,584,117 1,107,958 1,624,054 222,421 1,368,423 2,594,828 1,016,399 650,035 1,045,348 Georgia............................. 19,007,701 16,030,039 10,128,309 5,089,449 743,695 818,943 208,250 939,386 1,138,419 663,394 577,360 766,147 46,

Hawaii............................... 2,342,493 2,122,779 1,281,836 742,938 239,459 77,511 17,420 130,915 156,741 53,102 67,790 98,005 

Idaho................................. 2,324,360 1,891,505 1,153,189 646,649 107,754 77,781 42,808 106,669 178,615 92,184 40,838 91,449 2

Illinois................................ 25,246,942 21,874,484 12,859,165 8,323,513 1,421,224 1,019,057 704,310 1,122,822 2,186,898 1,093,775 775,428 691,806 

Indiana.............................. 10,638,810 9,281,709 5,043,955 3,861,633 388,487 981,651 170,625 485,318 1,008,171 524,895 302,485 376,120 

Iowa .................................. 5,286,896 4,499,236 2,723,916 1,566,255 257,575 203,260 120,520 265,470 408,592 166,719 144,119 203,585 5,4

Kansas.............................. 5,161,192 4,627,994 2,781,910 1,636,695 262,588 218,742 142,390 265,432 442,137 186,936 118,470 209,390 

Kentucky ........................... 6,803,420 5,822,550 3,451,684 2,025,839 251,346 316,462 126,329 319,211 537,118 344,154 131,218 332,841 12,Louisiana .......................... 7,771,248 6,814,455 4,011,922 2,431,103 297,598 352,400 167,065 367,508 677,560 383,383 185,589 371,328 1

Maine................................ 2,516,597 2,308,071 1,478,788 753,021 104,008 98,033 43,873 126,330 238,939 105,156 36,682 76,194 

Maryland........................... 12,740,155 11,192,623 6,846,340 3,873,763 498,920 623,241 76,060 738,669 1,043,533 571,377 321,963 300,231 172,2

Massachusetts.................. 13,776,420 13,160,383 8,561,780 4,226,601 736,133 606,680 233,806 549,766 1,191,569 566,000 342,648 372,002 Michigan ........................... 19,729,953 17,053,521 9,665,947 6,840,011 1,276,683 811,118 352,344 984,887 1,819,614 769,771 825,594 547,563 

Minnesota ......................... 10,402,154 8,415,969 5,422,836 2,607,288 228,804 399,818 257,426 353,204 651,173 476,138 240,726 358,345 27,5Mississippi ........................ 4,273,451 3,898,401 2,296,424 1,371,551 181,505 181,653 114,744 222,999 404,707 183,186 82,758 230,088 3

Missouri ............................ 10,093,669 8,526,641 5,114,379 3,032,325 400,600 395,530 260,314 484,039 850,138 443,185 198,520 379,936 Montana............................ 1,564,569 1,392,449 839,415 493,747 77,242 52,497 39,837 75,929 150,283 65,150 32,810 56,801 2,4Nebraska .......................... 3,457,340 2,970,323 1,911,264 861,064 115,328 97,851 98,610 147,304 256,166 83,447 62,358 117,631 80,3

Nevada ............................. 4,477,823 3,515,004 2,089,251 1,298,341 164,350 180,840 74,438 245,142 373,649 146,721 113,201 127,412 New Hampshire ................ 2,618,360 2,399,330 1,548,183 783,392 164,418 73,092 80,142 129,433 210,119 102,476 23,713 67,755 

New Jersey ....................... 26,478,109 24,357,079 14,473,885 9,181,559 2,303,520 797,881 557,853 1,639,663 2,480,381 1,277,549 124,711 492,587 209,0

New Mexico ...................... 3,556,459 3,057,061 1,758,818 1,172,002 314,843 101,552 67,901 181,805 310,742 108,494 86,666 124,680 1,5

New York........................... 51,991,666 46,443,426 32,001,143 13,451,134 1,536,857 1,303,955 933,876 1,911,236 4,079,893 2,478,445 1,206,872 991,149 North Carolina .................. 13,382,049 11,482,912 7,304,665 3,517,618 564,546 234,817 319,169 739,918 867,683 445,114 346,371 660,629 North Dakota .................... 993,651 886,317 515,144 298,283 36,992 28,537 40,777 43,737 85,533 40,870 21,837 46,791 26,

Ohio .................................. 22,362,887 18,892,374 10,801,279 7,462,077 1,131,996 1,201,480 564,486 1,070,373 1,762,765 896,315 834,662 627,537 1,4Oklahoma ......................... 5,400,091 4,932,913 2,845,585 1,760,803 331,037 177,838 145,947 266,715 541,852 165,517 131,897 281,157 45,3Oregon.............................. 6,331,026 5,409,630 3,158,068 2,060,631 374,495 224,448 80,687 341,400 458,475 236,978 344,148 188,575 2,3Pennsylvania..................... 25,346,538 21,157,430 12,849,308 7,492,356 1,051,775 819,689 629,090 937,907 2,228,057 1,060,105 765,734 728,642 87,

Rhode Island .................... 2,252,275 2,134,609 1,288,212 793,542 252,541 106,380 30,450 102,548 181,671 79,529 40,422 52,850 

South Carolina.................. 8,003,122 6,453,817 3,682,085 2,422,094 469,949 442,726 80,362 374,573 606,118 240,437 207,930 329,886 19,7South Dakota.................... 1,180,854 1,037,875 602,722 376,069 56,942 43,393 37,165 51,563 111,702 38,306 36,997 54,159 4,9Tennessee ........................ 8,494,430 7,540,306 4,759,068 2,401,877 298,693 433,886 147,369 422,966 676,869 278,533 143,561 379,361 

Texas ................................ 49,841,926 39,033,235 23,341,635 13,658,678 1,893,545 2,101,155 578,990 2,151,218 4,416,295 1,119,333 1,398,143 2,032,922 

Utah .................................. 4,571,248 3,444,936 2,239,421 1,014,511 126,893 146,935 39,299 202,443 313,137 109,759 76,046 175,412 15,5

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes expenditures for adult education, community colleges, private school programs funded by local and state educationagencies, and community services.2Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors. 3Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time). Alsoincludes small amounts for direct program support made by state education agencies for local school districts.

4Includes expenditures for health, attendance, and speech pathology services5Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, anNOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not suSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaPublic Education Financial Survey,” 2007–08. (This table was prepared June 

Vermont ............................ 1,462,893 1,356,165 853,188 467,013 99,426 52,547 31,349 91,974 114,181 45,087 32,450 35,398 5Virginia.............................. 14,885,599 13,125,666 8,003,384 4,645,355 627,358 875,941 209,282 773,706 1,266,877 683,367 208,824 475,398 1,5

Washington....................... 11,597,118 9,331,539 5,555,404 3,334,496 612,168 420,206 178,651 543,924 848,628 383,643 347,277 315,770 125,8

West Virginia..................... 2,962,122 2,841,962 1,683,086 996,314 103,735 115,138 67,016 151,791 298,811 212,361 47,463 162,561 Wisconsin ......................... 10,972,162 9,366,134 5,693,815 3,342,362 428,833 457,623 238,069 469,201 882,286 354,072 512,278 329,856 

Wyoming........................... 1,511,335 1,191,736 704,847 449,990 69,303 75,664 23,003 65,336 116,696 55,752 44,235 36,516 3Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .......... 67,373 63,105 30,962 17,263 1,732 4,219 847 6,482 1,525 1,222 1,237 14,880 

Guam ............................ 233,448 229,243 129,455 85,317 24,976 7,745 3,284 11,457 32,146 1,099 4,609 12,888 1,5Northern Marianas........ 53,615 51,241 39,907 5,035 450 997 1,835 219 0 1,310 224 556 5,7

Puerto Rico................... 3,584,905 3,413,884 2,312,073 851,717 219,663 70,857 57,773 0 338,172 106,810 58,443 250,094 

U.S. Virgin Islands......... 220,496 196,533 111,627 74,212 12,600 6,088 4,621 9,931 18,192 16,186 6,594 9,898 7

Table 186. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Total expenditures 

Total

Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs 

Elementary/

secondary

current

expenditures,

total Instruction

Support services

Food

services

Enterp

operatio

Total

Student

support4

Instructional

staff5

General

administration

School

administration

Operation and

maintenance

Student

transportation

Other support

services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 187. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2006–07

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Total expenditures 

Total

Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs 

Elementary/

secondary

current

expenditures,

total Instruction

Support services

Food

services

Enterpris

operation

Total

Student

support4

Instructional

staff5

General

administration

School

administration

Operation

and

maintenance

Student

transportation

Other

support

services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 

United States $562,194,807 $476,814,206 $290,678,482 $166,900,659 $25,207,881 $23,156,534 $9,338,308 $26,875,507 $46,828,916 $19,979,068 $15,514,445 $18,150,488 $1,084,57

Alabama ............... 7,211,897 6,245,031 3,655,694 2,177,596 330,677 304,554 163,764 386,392 565,368 298,363 128,479 411,741 

Alaska................... 1,940,429 1,634,316 931,068 649,395 105,339 91,130 23,733 97,485 216,326 55,388 59,994 47,234 6,62

Arizona ................. 9,539,185 7,815,720 4,751,055 2,719,232 554,492 185,912 124,070 382,067 858,695 293,163 320,832 345,434 Arkansas............... 4,644,397 3,997,701 2,365,794 1,422,035 189,033 286,027 103,453 214,949 382,274 145,778 100,523 208,159 1,7

California .............. 70,071,235 57,352,599 34,461,563 20,713,553 2,731,324 3,815,115 551,574 3,854,644 5,867,943 1,406,157 2,486,796 2,055,898 121,58

Colorado ............... 8,067,005 6,579,053 3,805,179 2,532,062 297,656 350,385 112,912 446,154 662,343 195,041 467,572 211,915 29,89

Connecticut........... 9,300,606 7,855,459 4,934,292 2,654,233 476,950 256,306 156,888 441,701 759,693 381,894 180,800 198,102 68,83

Delaware............... 1,739,840 1,437,707 861,627 513,581 72,979 19,824 17,711 80,565 143,369 90,900 88,234 62,499 

District of 

Columbia ........ 1,389,995 1,130,006 586,076 520,716 62,726 77,707 26,199 61,519 150,811 84,513 57,242 23,214 

Florida................... 30,107,621 22,887,024 13,646,302 8,239,301 1,061,831 1,533,846 221,442 1,298,584 2,529,738 953,468 640,393 1,001,420 

Georgia................. 17,301,301 14,828,715 9,357,132 4,716,438 695,559 776,179 191,376 884,479 1,071,342 593,438 504,065 713,136 42,00

Hawaii................... 2,300,353 2,045,198 1,210,876 745,086 244,458 71,060 20,937 136,742 183,091 36,288 52,511 89,236 

Idaho..................... 2,148,752 1,777,491 1,091,113 603,197 99,815 79,857 40,927 99,321 164,263 84,942 34,071 83,102 7Illinois.................... 23,157,195 20,326,591 11,970,050 7,699,014 1,322,640 936,584 671,354 1,050,243 2,016,805 999,556 701,832 657,528 Indiana.................. 10,869,170 9,497,077 5,695,474 3,392,704 421,863 294,478 181,104 545,143 1,038,664 538,166 373,286 408,900 

Iowa ...................... 4,991,024 4,231,932 2,546,475 1,486,916 242,162 195,896 114,781 255,077 388,177 153,011 137,813 193,065 5,47

Kansas.................. 4,868,048 4,339,477 2,632,373 1,512,390 244,480 197,802 135,041 251,410 411,569 167,225 104,861 194,715 

Kentucky ............... 6,386,594 5,424,621 3,223,881 1,880,491 232,617 295,214 117,992 297,284 502,287 311,954 123,143 308,031 12,2

Louisiana .............. 6,828,819 6,040,368 3,506,624 2,190,038 260,297 313,162 145,060 325,955 635,211 338,661 171,693 343,605 10Maine.................... 2,420,878 2,258,764 1,476,962 708,213 89,734 84,861 45,140 119,223 232,016 100,192 37,046 73,589 

Maryland............... 11,559,810 10,210,303 6,263,389 3,497,390 431,929 552,431 76,272 672,143 960,470 515,060 289,086 281,727 167,79

Massachusetts...... 13,339,024 12,383,447 7,959,298 4,050,678 698,998 587,974 226,248 528,583 1,135,609 531,815 341,452 373,471 

Michigan ............... 19,931,731 17,013,259 9,654,939 6,828,411 1,264,116 840,234 351,001 1,005,596 1,821,304 737,961 808,199 529,909 

Minnesota ............. 9,944,675 8,060,410 5,204,264 2,491,713 218,944 370,136 253,087 341,880 621,940 445,371 240,355 339,449 24,98

Mississippi ............ 4,086,883 3,692,358 2,170,683 1,303,265 169,541 176,463 106,760 210,155 395,793 166,109 78,445 218,063 34

Missouri ................ 9,345,921 7,957,705 4,810,938 2,790,190 380,342 364,015 249,544 439,403 793,260 402,797 160,827 356,577 

Montana................ 1,447,251 1,320,112 799,471 466,006 73,700 50,516 39,455 72,094 137,672 61,070 31,498 52,709 1,92Nebraska .............. 3,242,741 2,825,608 1,796,902 838,066 121,838 92,147 97,860 143,789 247,602 70,084 64,746 110,939 79,70

Nevada ................. 4,278,047 3,311,471 2,007,845 1,189,274 120,117 97,209 63,759 221,817 336,715 126,549 223,108 114,352 New Hampshire .... 2,512,692 2,246,692 1,447,806 733,980 153,969 69,587 75,800 122,699 195,303 95,517 21,105 64,906 

New Jersey ........... 24,911,786 22,448,262 13,348,606 8,412,743 2,053,895 739,436 529,342 1,505,887 2,269,591 1,210,611 103,981 501,335 185,57

New Mexico .......... 3,240,023 2,904,474 1,644,674 1,137,815 283,957 90,003 66,447 215,911 300,457 105,601 75,440 120,529 1,45New York............... 49,552,219 43,679,908 30,174,472 12,541,875 1,405,184 1,217,594 847,174 1,774,187 3,795,201 2,325,859 1,176,676 963,561 North Carolina ...... 12,829,210 11,248,336 6,978,065 3,669,577 633,899 457,863 202,863 739,365 898,026 439,950 297,611 600,694 

North Dakota ........ 946,658 838,221 485,805 281,662 35,790 27,308 39,559 41,384 80,691 36,798 20,131 44,500 26,25

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes expenditures for adult education, community colleges, private school programs funded by local and state educationagencies, and community services.2Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.3Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time). Alsoincludes small amounts for direct program support made by state education agencies for local school districts. 

4Includes expenditures for health, attendance, and speech pathology services5Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, anNOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not suSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaPublic Education Financial Survey,” 2006–07. (This table was prepared Augu

Ohio ...................... 21,729,555 18,251,361 10,469,978 7,180,598 1,094,606 1,158,781 535,318 1,058,825 1,690,145 842,722 800,200 599,289 1,49Oklahoma ............. 5,229,868 4,750,536 2,754,020 1,683,419 305,355 177,922 133,381 254,496 533,008 149,163 130,094 268,530 44,56

Oregon.................. 5,573,769 5,039,632 2,955,718 1,904,409 352,399 208,073 70,180 320,778 423,681 219,730 309,567 177,492 2,0

Pennsylvania......... 24,459,545 20,404,304 12,476,672 7,138,482 1,000,133 785,630 628,455 892,492 2,126,330 991,896 713,547 696,475 92,67Rhode Island ........ 2,169,474 2,039,633 1,228,525 758,763 236,532 95,162 25,393 103,123 173,748 76,610 48,195 52,344 South Carolina...... 7,676,692 6,023,043 3,472,987 2,227,382 426,341 412,179 80,349 344,810 562,750 216,846 184,105 303,125 19,55

South Dakota........ 1,106,123 977,006 567,277 354,660 53,780 41,802 34,996 48,876 104,955 34,545 35,705 50,519 4,55Tennessee ............ 7,755,934 6,975,099 4,448,730 2,177,242 242,800 389,291 142,214 394,437 636,444 253,408 118,649 349,126 

Texas .................... 45,189,026 36,105,784 21,492,698 12,744,571 1,759,204 1,959,752 555,738 2,010,684 4,142,758 991,584 1,324,851 1,868,515 

Utah ...................... 3,807,310 2,987,810 1,887,343 922,880 111,389 133,297 37,487 184,974 291,653 98,647 65,434 160,675 16,9

Vermont ................ 1,393,637 1,300,149 822,122 443,624 95,756 50,706 30,532 88,162 106,618 42,028 29,822 33,919 48

Virginia.................. 14,234,484 12,465,858 7,631,016 4,338,036 597,727 822,764 179,060 730,020 1,194,198 617,847 196,420 494,763 2,04

Washington........... 10,814,992 8,752,007 5,196,114 3,137,088 569,081 399,392 169,590 513,166 810,733 357,227 317,899 295,883 122,92

West Virginia......... 2,845,230 2,742,344 1,628,022 960,129 98,081 110,776 69,944 145,928 291,828 198,240 45,331 154,193 Wisconsin ............. 10,372,911 9,029,660 5,528,117 3,191,925 415,956 437,153 232,350 458,809 858,993 339,342 449,320 309,527 9

Wyoming............... 1,383,239 1,124,564 662,376 428,615 65,890 75,039 22,694 62,092 111,454 49,982 41,462 32,869 70Other jurisdictions

American 

Samoa ........ 67,085 57,093 28,615 15,552 1,519 3,321 981 6,198 1,483 1,047 1,003 12,926 

Guam ................ 224,611 219,881 128,234 80,129 24,317 6,702 4,051 11,678 26,575 1,245 5,561 10,723 79Northern 

Marianas..... 60,363 55,048 43,180 5,590 843 562 1,530 98 1,337 1,086 134 547 5,73

Puerto Rico....... 3,465,934 3,268,200 2,220,789 767,147 252,424 54,345 15,999 0 314,215 86,055 44,109 280,264 U.S. Virgin 

Islands ........ 180,028 157,446 95,816 56,908 10,022 5,006 7,348 9,304 10,405 11,439 3,384 3,965 75

Table 187. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or jurisdiction: 2006–07—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Total expenditures 

Total

Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs 

Elementary/

secondary

current

expenditures,

total Instruction

Support services

Food

services

Enterpris

operation

Total

Student

support4

Instructional

staff5

General

administration

School

administration

Operation

and

maintenance

Student

transportation

Other

support

services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 188. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and subfunction: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2007–08Function and subfunction

Expenditures (in thousands of current dollars) Percentage distribution of current expen

1990–91 1995–96 1999–2000 2000–01 2004–05 2005–06 2006–071 2007–08 1990–91 1995–96 1999–2000 2000–01 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Total expenditures............ $229,429,715 $293,646,490 $381,838,155 $410,811,185 $499,568,736 $528,268,772 $562,194,807 $596,610,358 † † † † 

Current expenditures for public 

schools ................................ 202,037,752 255,106,683 323,888,508 348,360,841 425,047,565 449,131,342 476,814,206 506,827,246 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

Salaries.................................. 132,730,931 2 165,806,160 210,158,874 224,305,806 261,572,535 273,142,308 288,146,674 303,919,546 65.70 64.99 64.89 64.39 

Employee benefits ................. 33,954,456 2 44,786,697 53,333,592 57,976,490 81,930,228 87,888,909 95,308,994 103,000,384 16.81 17.56 16.47 16.64 

Purchased services ............... 16,380,643 2 21,579,562 29,051,785 31,778,754 39,870,015 43,195,665 46,266,516 49,258,021 8.11 8.46 8.97 9.12 Tuition..................................... 1,192,505 2 1,590,468 2,231,250 2,458,366 3,605,864 3,828,079 3,951,411 4,577,028 0.59 0.62 0.69 0.71 

Supplies ................................. 14,805,956 2 18,756,157 25,896,917 28,262,078 33,870,267 36,637,037 38,378,936 41,365,668 7.33 7.35 8.00 8.11 

Other...................................... 2,973,261 2 2,587,639 3,216,089 3,579,347 4,198,655 4,439,345 4,761,675 4,706,598 1.47 1.01 0.99 1.03 

Instruction .............................. 122,223,362 157,473,978 199,968,138 214,333,003 260,046,266 273,760,798 290,678,482 308,236,203 60.50 61.73 61.74 61.53 

Salaries .............................. 90,742,284 114,580,985 145,071,564 154,512,089 179,124,955 186,905,065 196,900,968 206,680,102 44.91 44.91 44.79 44.35 Employee benefits.............. 22,347,524 30,299,566 36,197,167 39,522,678 55,004,561 59,032,817 64,153,369 69,283,943 11.06 11.88 11.18 11.35 

Purchased services............ 2,722,639 3,825,111 5,839,673 6,430,708 9,014,911 10,083,561 10,997,609 12,245,531 1.35 1.50 1.80 1.85 

Tuition................................. 1,192,505 1,590,468 2,231,250 2,458,366 3,605,864 3,828,079 3,951,411 4,577,028 0.59 0.62 0.69 0.71 Supplies ............................. 4,584,754 6,513,488 9,751,743 10,377,554 12,163,557 12,731,138 13,359,899 14,141,015 2.27 2.55 3.01 2.98 

Other .................................. 633,656 664,360 876,741 1,031,608 1,132,418 1,180,138 1,315,226 1,308,584 0.31 0.26 0.27 0.30 

Student support3 .................... 8,926,010 12,266,136 16,046,845 17,292,756 22,118,879 23,336,224 25,207,881 27,385,688 4.42 4.81 4.95 4.96 

Salaries .............................. 6,565,965 8,885,707 11,496,451 12,354,464 15,173,471 15,833,312 16,868,875 18,233,727 3.25 3.48 3.55 3.55 Employee benefits.............. 1,660,082 2,307,480 2,841,949 3,036,037 4,475,112 4,859,310 5,352,820 5,895,645 0.82 0.90 0.88 0.87 

Purchased services............ 455,996 687,300 1,180,701 1,328,600 1,799,403 1,958,934 2,141,301 2,378,230 0.23 0.27 0.36 0.38 Supplies ............................. 191,482 247,262 389,044 421,838 483,889 497,201 521,050 547,414 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.12 Other .................................. 52,485 138,387 138,699 151,817 187,005 187,468 323,835 330,672 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 

Instructional staff services4 .... 8,467,142 10,070,241 14,640,411 15,926,856 20,387,692 21,923,223 23,156,534 25,362,608 4.19 3.95 4.52 4.57 

Salaries .............................. 5,560,129 6,418,530 8,971,366 9,790,767 12,108,423 13,005,332 13,753,355 15,212,060 2.75 2.52 2.77 2.81 Employee benefits.............. 1,408,217 1,719,377 2,169,051 2,356,440 3,546,696 3,898,171 4,225,114 4,688,289 0.70 0.67 0.67 0.68 

Purchased services............ 622,487 925,403 1,776,849 2,003,598 2,731,885 2,944,703 3,071,613 3,297,244 0.31 0.36 0.55 0.58 Supplies ............................. 776,863 918,189 1,485,730 1,566,954 1,791,507 1,867,878 1,894,927 1,956,790 0.38 0.36 0.46 0.45 Other .................................. 99,445 88,743 237,415 209,097 209,181 207,139 211,525 208,224 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.06 

General administration........... 5,791,253 5,878,493 6,698,006 7,108,291 8,510,315 8,920,041 9,338,308 9,927,371 2.87 2.30 2.07 2.04 

Salaries .............................. 2,603,562 2,901,172 3,179,759 3,351,554 3,725,275 3,860,883 4,024,030 4,294,623 1.29 1.14 0.98 0.96 Employee benefits.............. 777,381 828,483 938,113 1,000,698 1,375,298 1,479,556 1,560,360 1,681,939 0.38 0.32 0.29 0.29 

Purchased services............ 1,482,427 1,626,178 1,941,822 2,099,032 2,635,243 2,735,714 2,902,431 3,035,764 0.73 0.64 0.60 0.60 Supplies ............................. 172,898 185,831 196,205 206,137 221,376 225,230 227,885 241,967 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 Other .................................. 754,985 336,828 442,107 450,870 553,123 618,657 623,601 673,078 0.37 0.13 0.14 0.13 

School administration............. 11,695,344 14,831,159 18,381,292 19,580,890 24,155,908 25,277,042 26,875,507 28,335,630 5.79 5.81 5.68 5.62 

Salaries .............................. 8,935,903 11,156,460 13,923,730 14,817,213 17,467,947 18,181,910 19,209,872 20,180,391 4.42 4.37 4.30 4.25 

Employee benefits.............. 2,257,783 2,963,991 3,455,390 3,689,689 5,217,866 5,622,342 6,092,292 6,554,688 1.12 1.16 1.07 1.06 

Purchased services............ 247,750 384,908 573,003 611,638 896,782 862,664 947,665 973,281 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.18 Supplies ............................. 189,711 256,857 337,651 369,257 439,418 474,816 481,794 484,433 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 Other .................................. 64,197 68,943 91,519 93,093 133,896 135,311 143,884 142,837 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Operation and maintenance... 21,290,655 25,724,062 31,190,295 34,034,158 40,926,881 44,313,835 46,828,916 49,360,206 10.54 10.08 9.63 9.77 

Salaries .............................. 8,849,559 10,454,854 12,745,457 13,461,242 15,344,880 16,021,701 16,837,148 17,657,577 4.38 4.10 3.94 3.86 

Employee benefits.............. 2,633,075 3,129,632 3,531,423 3,778,520 5,483,344 5,840,665 6,276,703 6,701,602 1.30 1.23 1.09 1.08 

Purchased services............ 5,721,125 7,698,704 8,866,099 9,642,217 10,921,591 11,913,734 12,650,704 13,050,969 2.83 3.02 2.74 2.77 Supplies ............................. 3,761,738 4,214,201 5,801,242 6,871,845 8,832,550 10,147,971 10,648,015 11,505,413 1.86 1.65 1.79 1.97 Other .................................. 325,157 226,670 246,075 280,334 344,516 389,764 416,345 444,645 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.08 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.1Data have been revised from previously published figures.2Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations. 3Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.4Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.5Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and servicesfor local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and dataprocessing services; and other support services.

6Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or servicIncludes very small amounts for direct program support made by state educat7Includes expenditures for property, and for buildings and alterations completeNOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Data are not adjudollar due to inflation. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaPublic Education Financial Survey,” 1990–91 through 2007–08. (This table wa

Student transportation ........... 8,678,954 10,396,426 13,007,625 14,052,654 17,459,659 18,850,234 19,979,068 21,535,686 4.30 4.08 4.02 4.03 

Salaries .............................. 3,285,127 3,933,969 5,061,209 5,406,092 6,379,953 6,701,455 7,080,752 7,506,954 1.63 1.54 1.56 1.55 Employee benefits.............. 892,985 1,207,961 1,464,249 1,592,127 2,333,027 2,535,296 2,719,742 2,867,642 0.44 0.47 0.45 0.46 Purchased services............ 3,345,232 4,257,805 5,331,435 5,767,462 7,054,340 7,547,730 8,085,392 8,555,590 1.66 1.67 1.65 1.66 Supplies ............................. 961,447 836,450 1,034,323 1,159,350 1,501,906 1,867,495 1,937,360 2,427,056 0.48 0.33 0.32 0.33 Other .................................. 194,163 160,239 116,410 127,623 190,433 198,259 155,822 178,443 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.04 

Other support services5 ......... 5,587,837 7,039,408 10,188,917 11,439,134 14,058,464 14,463,815 15,514,445 16,308,055 2.77 2.76 3.15 3.28 

Salaries .............................. 2,900,394 3,450,836 4,930,099 5,521,381 6,437,831 6,577,129 7,140,671 7,517,174 1.44 1.35 1.52 1.58 Employee benefits.............. 980,859 1,182,229 1,433,054 1,594,540 2,486,442 2,483,366 2,658,808 2,980,937 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.46 Purchased services............ 798,922 1,362,961 2,462,775 2,783,176 3,277,148 3,455,292 3,664,598 3,777,815 0.40 0.53 0.76 0.80 Supplies ............................. 294,527 398,534 573,670 626,889 771,940 793,997 874,764 988,513 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.18 Other .................................. 613,135 644,849 789,319 913,148 1,085,102 1,154,031 1,175,605 1,043,616 0.30 0.25 0.24 0.26 

Food services ........................ 8,430,490 10,648,844 12,948,807 13,816,635 16,423,973 17,263,582 18,150,488 19,191,507 4.17 4.17 4.00 3.97 

Salaries .............................. — 3,844,285 4,606,262 4,966,092 5,606,416 5,841,522 6,092,744 6,332,706 † 1.51 1.42 1.43 Employee benefits.............. — 1,103,433 1,267,921 1,381,923 1,934,067 2,061,344 2,186,495 2,264,203 † 0.43 0.39 0.40 Purchased services............ — 627,902 897,762 923,091 1,332,761 1,464,511 1,558,949 1,700,954 † 0.25 0.28 0.26 Supplies ............................. — 4,916,299 6,041,001 6,420,201 7,385,373 7,727,182 8,123,362 8,727,213 † 1.93 1.87 1.84 Other .................................. — 156,924 135,861 125,327 165,355 169,023 188,937 166,431 † 0.06 0.04 0.04 

Enterprise operations6 ........... 946,705 777,937 818,172 776,463 959,528 1,022,549 1,084,578 1,184,293 0.47 0.30 0.25 0.22 

Salaries .............................. — 179,360 172,977 124,913 203,383 213,999 238,259 304,233 † 0.07 0.05 0.04 Employee benefits.............. — 44,545 35,276 23,837 73,816 76,042 83,290 81,496 † 0.02 0.01 0.01 Purchased services............ — 183,288 181,666 189,230 205,951 228,823 246,253 242,643 † 0.07 0.06 0.05 Supplies ............................. — 269,046 286,309 242,052 278,751 304,129 309,881 345,854 † 0.11 0.09 0.07 Other .................................. — 101,697 141,943 196,430 197,628 199,556 206,895 210,068 † 0.04 0.04 0.06 

Other current expenditures........ 3,295,717 4,724,659 5,457,015 6,063,700 7,691,468 7,415,575 7,804,253 8,307,762††††

Community services .............. 964,370 1,728,669 2,151,043 2,426,189 2,813,379 3,015,207 3,105,955 3,289,779 † † † † Private school programs ........ 527,609 781,148 961,203 1,026,695 1,236,495 1,389,204 1,445,984 1,564,201††††Adult education ...................... 1,365,523 1,500,438 1,715,332 1,838,265 1,964,631 2,001,459 2,047,409 2,148,350††††

Community colleges............... 5,356 7,746 265 351 435 0 31,352 32,694 † † † † Other...................................... 432,858 706,657 629,172 772,200 1,676,529 1,009,704 1,173,552 1,272,738 † † † † 

Capital outlay7............................ 19,771,478 27,555,667 43,357,186 46,220,704 53,528,382 57,375,299 62,863,465 65,779,861 † † † † 

Public schools........................ 19,655,496 27,457,489 43,231,206 46,078,494 53,430,719 57,281,425 62,763,411 65,685,300††††

Other current expenditures .... 115,982 98,179 125,980 142,210 97,663 93,874 100,054 94,561††††

Interest on school debt .............. 4,324,768 6,259,480 9,135,445 10,165,940 13,301,322 14,346,556 14,712,882 15,695,488 † † † † 

Table 188. Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and subfunction: Selected years, 1990–91 through 2007–08—ContinueFunction and subfunction

Expenditures (in thousands of current dollars) Percentage distribution of current expen

1990–91 1995–96 1999–2000 2000–01 2004–05 2005–06 2006–071 2007–08 1990–91 1995–96 1999–2000 2000–01 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 273

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Data have been revised from previously published figures.

2Includes purchased professional services of teachers or others who provide instruction for

students.

NOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 2006–07 and

2007–08. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 189. Expenditures for instruction in public elementary and secondary schools, by subfunction and state or jurisdiction: 2006–07 and 

2007–08

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

2006–071 2007–08

Total Salaries

Employee

benefits

Purchased

services2 Supplies

Tuition

and other Total Salaries

Employee

benefits

Purchased

services2 Supplies

Tuition

and other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ...... $290,678,482 $196,900,968 $64,153,369 $10,997,609 $13,359,899 $5,266,637 $308,236,203 $206,680,102 $69,283,943 $12,245,531 $14,141,015 $5,885,612

Alabama ...................... 3,655,694 2,377,494 886,987 97,937 277,201 16,076 4,008,734 2,553,753 1,013,989 103,804 319,782 17,406

Alaska.......................... 931,068 561,122 261,063 50,715 48,780 9,388 1,117,441 578,916 412,555 58,220 57,779 9,971

Arizona ........................ 4,751,055 3,512,387 731,539 185,509 179,740 141,879 4,751,539 3,392,319 795,320 232,647 186,256 144,998

Arkansas...................... 2,365,794 1,654,162 427,754 66,839 191,422 25,617 2,426,303 1,689,265 442,211 76,450 190,880 27,498

California ..................... 34,461,563 23,220,351 7,107,342 1,460,320 1,948,531 725,020 36,947,505 24,408,875 7,890,652 1,685,442 2,190,205 772,330

Colorado ...................... 3,805,179 2,683,762 640,195 89,181 279,962 112,079 4,249,391 2,815,247 933,355 103,557 281,898 115,334

Connecticut.................. 4,934,292 3,221,095 1,141,204 146,944 120,555 304,495 5,230,362 3,341,632 1,263,359 157,088 122,447 345,835

Delaware...................... 861,627 554,261 245,921 15,042 32,718 13,685 896,817 578,067 257,760 12,842 33,087 15,060

District of Columbia ..... 586,076 370,902 44,859 22,826 7,079 140,410 688,205 420,356 63,321 68,567 92,049 43,912

Florida.......................... 13,646,302 8,698,564 2,538,912 1,682,966 618,501 107,359 14,594,649 9,189,112 2,708,437 2,018,889 568,255 109,956

Georgia........................ 9,357,132 6,514,219 2,162,045 165,142 473,336 42,390 10,128,309 6,890,147 2,421,620 196,516 574,439 45,586

Hawaii.......................... 1,210,876 747,615 265,562 72,465 113,602 11,631 1,281,836 825,055 285,817 62,095 95,676 13,193

Idaho............................ 1,091,113 761,040 240,564 39,060 49,059 1,391 1,153,189 795,235 256,149 43,967 56,441 1,396

Illinois........................... 11,970,050 8,482,249 2,370,845 449,379 410,098 257,478 12,859,165 8,780,141 2,799,519 402,164 469,019 408,322

Indiana......................... 5,695,474 3,617,653 1,821,236 76,554 167,882 12,148 5,043,955 3,681,736 998,932 118,177 97,489 147,622

Iowa ............................. 2,546,475 1,831,830 554,157 48,406 88,368 23,714 2,723,916 1,952,930 592,046 56,183 95,950 26,807

Kansas......................... 2,632,373 1,942,380 456,137 71,277 144,642 17,935 2,781,910 2,037,787 497,929 73,669 151,677 20,848

Kentucky ...................... 3,223,881 2,294,710 711,630 60,737 142,769 14,034 3,451,684 2,477,698 765,050 61,840 133,233 13,863

Louisiana ..................... 3,506,624 2,376,887 827,706 68,654 224,674 8,704 4,011,922 2,720,713 927,876 87,779 264,983 10,573

Maine........................... 1,476,962 909,373 377,460 59,768 42,891 87,471 1,478,788 921,456 375,231 52,596 40,940 88,565

Maryland...................... 6,263,389 4,176,925 1,473,349 161,994 202,556 248,566 6,846,340 4,546,094 1,662,721 170,774 203,406 263,344

Massachusetts............. 7,959,298 5,096,762 2,246,606 44,328 189,754 381,847 8,561,780 5,285,693 2,409,017 47,488 186,548 633,034

Michigan ...................... 9,654,939 6,033,412 2,821,539 483,325 295,024 21,640 9,665,947 6,022,723 2,765,379 569,329 289,372 19,144

Minnesota .................... 5,204,264 3,637,089 1,087,286 225,078 187,413 67,399 5,422,836 3,766,313 1,159,938 240,640 184,516 71,429

Mississippi ................... 2,170,683 1,527,445 454,257 48,799 126,626 13,556 2,296,424 1,608,319 488,540 52,786 132,129 14,650

Missouri ....................... 4,810,938 3,421,989 848,173 138,391 370,933 31,452 5,114,379 3,621,224 928,543 156,471 378,018 30,123

Montana....................... 799,471 527,087 150,031 52,094 65,288 4,970 839,415 555,735 156,888 54,970 67,036 4,786

Nebraska ..................... 1,796,902 1,242,155 404,505 68,863 55,664 25,715 1,911,264 1,319,902 432,365 65,969 66,156 26,873

Nevada ........................ 2,007,845 1,288,366 443,973 37,772 151,020 86,714 2,089,251 1,371,429 493,667 45,880 168,808 9,466

New Hampshire ........... 1,447,806 923,298 329,534 35,488 39,375 120,111 1,548,183 967,074 370,606 39,190 42,565 128,748

New Jersey .................. 13,348,606 8,378,668 3,475,123 377,073 414,790 702,953 14,473,885 8,661,067 4,279,503 360,992 437,401 734,922

New Mexico ................. 1,644,674 1,155,351 330,589 53,639 104,732 365 1,758,818 1,220,475 365,725 62,855 109,541 222

New York...................... 30,174,472 19,890,547 7,913,627 1,247,378 858,425 264,496 32,001,143 20,863,490 8,566,667 1,481,226 813,380 276,380

North Carolina ............. 6,978,065 5,214,143 1,199,389 149,278 408,734 6,521 7,304,665 5,464,226 1,318,280 190,866 331,245 48

North Dakota ............... 485,805 349,539 96,833 13,884 21,546 4,003 515,144 369,246 104,249 14,568 23,605 3,474

Ohio ............................. 10,469,978 6,956,247 2,296,273 492,471 419,772 305,215 10,801,279 7,134,460 2,368,095 515,630 434,256 348,839

Oklahoma .................... 2,754,020 1,980,252 520,386 39,645 203,405 10,332 2,845,585 2,035,770 553,177 40,503 207,652 8,484

Oregon......................... 2,955,718 1,803,175 822,374 121,300 170,717 38,154 3,158,068 1,903,277 891,955 132,056 192,513 38,266

Pennsylvania................ 12,476,672 8,113,798 2,897,956 726,669 478,574 259,675 12,849,308 8,376,840 3,056,171 646,787 518,830 250,681

Rhode Island ............... 1,228,525 801,445 319,441 13,056 23,520 71,062 1,288,212 824,987 351,929 11,555 23,408 76,332

South Carolina............. 3,472,987 2,464,464 688,179 104,761 186,218 29,365 3,682,085 2,612,886 760,645 117,225 161,826 29,502

South Dakota............... 567,277 385,267 107,346 24,954 41,754 7,956 602,722 405,552 113,527 27,054 47,257 9,332

Tennessee ................... 4,448,730 3,114,463 864,217 88,548 367,028 14,475 4,759,068 3,273,964 924,870 88,284 456,626 15,324

Texas ........................... 21,492,698 16,501,841 2,616,891 698,858 1,437,108 238,000 23,341,635 18,006,206 2,771,172 737,297 1,567,456 259,504

Utah ............................. 1,887,343 1,239,771 514,919 33,903 94,172 4,578 2,239,421 1,411,871 583,973 58,643 176,636 8,297

Vermont ....................... 822,122 511,891 185,137 41,919 21,464 61,711 853,188 533,206 190,186 45,069 21,961 62,766

Virginia......................... 7,631,016 5,322,567 1,801,098 162,748 333,386 11,217 8,003,384 5,546,235 1,967,350 166,722 313,314 9,764

Washington.................. 5,196,114 3,597,764 1,080,208 253,815 216,770 47,557 5,555,404 3,818,642 1,154,375 286,520 242,295 53,572

West Virginia................ 1,628,022 999,057 499,870 30,064 97,715 1,317 1,683,086 1,052,098 506,323 31,524 92,283 857

Wisconsin .................... 5,528,117 3,468,057 1,692,932 74,693 181,270 111,165 5,693,815 3,571,390 1,719,828 89,780 196,467 116,351

Wyoming...................... 662,376 446,081 158,208 23,102 33,336 1,648 704,847 479,265 167,150 24,382 32,024 2,026

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ..... 28,615 17,990 3,240 1,578 3,311 2,496 30,962 19,583 3,053 2,286 2,873 3,167

Guam ....................... 128,234 96,935 26,164 692 3,961 482 129,455 97,874 27,733 856 2,688 304

Northern Marianas... 43,180 29,969 8,252 2,844 2,066 50 39,907 30,027 5,754 2,084 1,994 47

Puerto Rico.............. 2,220,789 1,831,293 279,250 13,500 43,855 52,891 2,312,073 1,814,028 279,664 31,474 100,432 86,475

U.S. Virgin Islands.... 95,816 74,237 19,854 146 1,531 48 111,627 81,913 27,896 159 1,604 56
274 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Data for 1919–20 to 1953–54 are based on school-year enrollment. 

2Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

3Excludes “Other current expenditures,” such as community services, private school programs, adult education, and other programs not allocable to expenditures per student at

public schools.

4Estimated.

5Revised from previously published figures.

NOTE: Beginning in 1980–81, state administration expenditures are excluded from both

“total” and “current” expenditures. Current expenditures include instruction, student support

services, food services, and enterprise operations. Total expenditures include current

expenditures, capital outlay, and interest on debt. Beginning in 1988–89, extensive

changes were made in the data collection procedures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial

Survey of Education in the United States, 1919–20 through 1955–56; Statistics of State

School Systems, 1957–58 through 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970–71 through 1986–87; and Common Core of Data

(CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1987–88 through 2007–08. (This

table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 190. Total and current expenditures per pupil in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1919–20 through 2007–08

School year

Expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance Expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment1

Unadjusted dollars Constant 2008–09 dollars2 Unadjusted dollars Constant 2008–09 dollars2

Total

expenditure3

Current

expenditure

Total

expenditure3

Current

expenditure

Total

expenditure3

Current

expenditure

Total

expenditure3

Current

expenditure

Annual percent

change in

current

expenditure

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1919–20............................................................... $64 $53 $720 $601 $48 $40 $539 $449 —

1929–30............................................................... 108 87 1,360 1,087 90 72 1,127 900 —

1931–32............................................................... 97 81 1,442 1,207 82 69 1,221 1,022 —

1933–34............................................................... 76 67 1,236 1,094 65 57 1,050 929 —

1935–36............................................................... 88 74 1,374 1,161 74 63 1,162 982 —

1937–38............................................................... 100 84 1,494 1,257 86 72 1,282 1,079 —

1939–40............................................................... 106 88 1,624 1,353 92 76 1,408 1,173 —

1941–42............................................................... 110 98 1,515 1,354 94 84 1,297 1,159 —

1943–44............................................................... 125 117 1,536 1,441 105 99 1,294 1,214 —

1945–46............................................................... 146 136 1,717 1,605 124 116 1,462 1,367 —

1947–48............................................................... 205 181 1,887 1,672 179 158 1,648 1,460 —

1949–50............................................................... 260 210 2,360 1,907 231 187 2,094 1,692 —

1951–52............................................................... 314 246 2,568 2,009 275 215 2,249 1,759 —

1953–54............................................................... 351 265 2,801 2,114 312 236 2,491 1,880 —

1955–56............................................................... 387 294 3,090 2,349 354 269 2,825 2,148 —

1957–58............................................................... 447 341 3,363 2,564 408 311 3,067 2,339 —

1959–60............................................................... 471 375 3,441 2,741 440 350 3,215 2,560 —

1961–62............................................................... 517 419 3,693 2,992 485 393 3,465 2,808 —

1963–64............................................................... 559 460 3,888 3,204 520 428 3,619 2,982 —

1965–66............................................................... 654 538 4,398 3,617 607 499 4,084 3,358 —

1967–68............................................................... 786 658 4,964 4,155 732 612 4,618 3,865 —

1969–70............................................................... 955 816 5,427 4,637 879 751 4,996 4,269 —

1970–71............................................................... 1,049 911 5,671 4,923 970 842 5,243 4,552 6.6

1971–72............................................................... 1,128 990 5,883 5,163 1,034 908 5,396 4,735 4.0

1972–73............................................................... 1,211 1,077 6,070 5,400 1,117 993 5,599 4,981 5.2

1973–74............................................................... 1,364 1,207 6,279 5,558 1,244 1,101 5,726 5,068 1.7

1974–75............................................................... 1,545 1,365 6,402 5,655 1,423 1,257 5,898 5,210 2.8

1975–76............................................................... 1,697 1,504 6,570 5,820 1,563 1,385 6,049 5,359 2.9

1976–77............................................................... 1,816 1,638 6,643 5,989 1,674 1,509 6,121 5,519 3.0

1977–78............................................................... 2,002 1,823 6,863 6,247 1,842 1,677 6,312 5,746 4.1

1978–79............................................................... 2,210 2,020 6,925 6,332 2,029 1,855 6,360 5,814 1.2

1979–80............................................................... 2,491 2,272 6,887 6,282 2,290 2,088 6,331 5,775 -0.7

1980–81............................................................... 2,742 4 2,502 6,796 4 6,199 2,529 4 2,307 6,268 4 5,718 -1.0

1981–82............................................................... 2,973 4 2,726 6,782 4 6,217 2,754 4 2,525 6,283 4 5,759 0.7

1982–83............................................................... 3,203 4 2,955 7,006 4 6,463 2,966 4 2,736 6,487 4 5,985 3.9

1983–84............................................................... 3,471 4 3,173 7,321 4 6,693 3,216 4 2,940 6,782 4 6,200 3.6

1984–85............................................................... 3,722 4 3,470 7,554 4 7,043 3,456 4 3,222 7,014 4 6,540 5.5

1985–86............................................................... 4,020 4 3,756 7,930 4 7,408 3,724 4 3,479 7,347 4 6,864 5.0

1986–87............................................................... 4,308 4 3,970 8,314 4 7,662 3,995 4 3,682 7,709 4 7,105 3.5

1987–88............................................................... 4,654 4 4,240 8,624 4 7,857 4,310 4 3,927 7,987 4 7,276 2.4

1988–89............................................................... 5,108 4,645 9,047 8,227 4,737 4,307 8,390 7,629 4.8

1989–90............................................................... 5,547 4,980 9,377 8,418 5,172 4,643 8,743 7,849 2.9

1990–91............................................................... 5,882 5,258 9,428 8,428 5,484 4,902 8,790 7,857 0.1

1991–92............................................................... 6,072 5,421 9,431 8,420 5,626 5,023 8,739 7,802 -0.7

1992–93............................................................... 6,279 5,584 9,457 8,410 5,802 5,160 8,739 7,771 -0.4

1993–94............................................................... 6,489 5,767 9,526 8,467 5,994 5,327 8,799 7,821 0.6

1994–95............................................................... 6,723 5,989 9,595 8,547 6,206 5,529 8,857 7,890 0.9

1995–96............................................................... 6,959 6,147 9,669 8,540 6,441 5,689 8,949 7,904 0.2

1996–97............................................................... 7,297 6,393 9,857 8,636 6,761 5,923 9,133 8,002 1.2

1997–98............................................................... 7,701 6,676 10,220 8,860 7,139 6,189 9,475 8,214 2.7

1998–99............................................................... 8,115 7,013 10,587 9,149 7,531 6,508 9,825 8,490 3.4

1999–2000........................................................... 8,589 7,394 10,891 9,375 8,030 6,912 10,182 8,765 3.2

2000–01............................................................... 9,180 7,904 11,254 9,690 8,572 7,380 10,508 9,048 3.2

2001–02............................................................... 9,611 8,259 11,578 9,949 8,993 7,727 10,833 9,309 2.9

2002–03............................................................... 9,950 8,610 11,729 10,149 9,296 8,044 10,958 9,482 1.9

2003–04............................................................... 10,308 8,900 11,890 10,266 9,625 8,310 11,103 9,586 1.1

2004–05............................................................... 10,779 9,316 12,070 10,432 10,078 8,711 11,286 9,754 1.8

2005–06............................................................... 11,338 9,778 12,230 10,548 10,603 9,145 11,438 9,865 1.1

2006–075 ............................................................. 12,015 10,336 12,634 10,868 11,252 9,679 11,832 10,178 3.2

2007–08............................................................... 12,744 10,981 12,922 11,134 11,950 10,297 12,117 10,441 2.6
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 275

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Excludes “Other current expenditures,” such as community services, private school programs, adult education, and other programs not allocable to expenditures per pupil in public schools.

2Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school

district staff or contractors. Excludes capital outlay related to "Other current expenditures." 

3Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school

bookstore or computer time).

4Includes expenditures for health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

5Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and

computer centers.

NOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. “0” indicates none or less than

$0.50. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 2007–08. (This

table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 191. Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or 

jurisdiction: 2007–08

State or jurisdiction

Current expenditures, capital expenditures, and interest on school debt

Total1

Current expenditures

Capital

outlay2

Interest

on

school

Total Instruction debt

Student services

Food

services

Enterprise

operations3 Total

Student

support4

Instructional staff5

General

administration

School

administration

Operation

and

maintenance

Student

transportation

Other

support

services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

United States ............ $11,950 $10,297 $6,262 $3,621 $556 $515 $202 $576 $1,003 $438 $331 $390 $24 $1,336 $319

Alabama ............................ 10,481 9,197 5,396 3,201 498 442 234 566 827 455 181 600 0 1,102 182

Alaska................................ 17,299 14,641 8,528 5,672 1,053 767 217 891 1,795 444 505 381 60 2,348 311

Arizona .............................. 9,641 7,727 4,369 2,975 829 202 117 368 851 299 309 343 41 1,484 430

Arkansas............................ 9,966 8,677 5,065 3,124 426 665 218 458 804 332 222 478 9 1,059 231

California ........................... 11,458 9,706 5,824 3,515 483 674 90 643 983 235 408 346 20 1,472 280

Colorado ............................ 11,061 9,152 5,299 3,520 428 495 175 644 878 280 620 284 49 1,452 458

Connecticut........................ 16,530 14,610 9,166 4,952 888 463 308 832 1,408 713 341 366 126 1,641 280

Delaware............................ 14,481 12,153 7,317 4,330 623 157 151 691 1,250 793 665 506 0 2,041 287

District of Columbia ........... 20,066 16,353 8,776 6,827 930 884 454 773 1,723 1,121 942 751 0 3,714 0

Florida................................ 11,626 9,084 5,473 3,219 415 609 83 513 973 381 244 392 0 2,240 308

Georgia.............................. 11,498 9,718 6,140 3,085 451 496 126 569 690 402 350 464 28 1,642 139

Hawaii................................ 12,877 11,800 7,125 4,130 1,331 431 97 728 871 295 377 545 0 532 548

Idaho.................................. 8,525 6,951 4,238 2,376 396 286 157 392 656 339 150 336 1 1,349 225

Illinois................................. 11,874 10,353 6,086 3,940 673 482 333 531 1,035 518 367 327 0 1,212 310

Indiana............................... 10,040 8,867 4,819 3,689 371 938 163 464 963 501 289 359 0 953 222

Iowa ................................... 11,126 9,520 5,763 3,314 545 430 255 562 865 353 305 431 12 1,433 175

Kansas............................... 11,009 9,883 5,941 3,495 561 467 304 567 944 399 253 447 0 794 333

Kentucky ............................ 10,076 8,740 5,181 3,041 377 475 190 479 806 517 197 500 18 1,121 219

Louisiana ........................... 11,329 10,006 5,891 3,570 437 517 245 540 995 563 273 545 0 1,174 151

Maine................................. 12,696 11,761 7,535 3,837 530 500 224 644 1,218 536 187 388 0 703 233

Maryland............................ 15,032 13,235 8,095 4,581 590 737 90 873 1,234 676 381 355 204 1,640 157

Massachusetts................... 14,240 13,667 8,891 4,389 764 630 243 571 1,237 588 356 386 0 295 279

Michigan ............................ 11,445 10,075 5,710 4,041 754 479 208 582 1,075 455 488 323 0 888 484

Minnesota .......................... 11,943 10,048 6,474 3,113 273 477 307 422 777 568 287 428 33 1,389 510

Mississippi ......................... 8,587 7,890 4,647 2,776 367 368 232 451 819 371 167 466 1 556 142

Missouri ............................. 11,070 9,532 5,718 3,390 448 442 291 541 950 495 222 425 0 1,207 333

Montana............................. 10,941 9,786 5,900 3,470 543 369 280 534 1,056 458 231 399 17 1,044 114

Nebraska ........................... 12,287 10,565 6,798 3,063 410 348 351 524 911 297 222 418 286 1,475 247

Nevada .............................. 10,377 8,187 4,866 3,024 383 421 173 571 870 342 264 297 0 1,618 573

New Hampshire ................. 13,007 11,951 7,711 3,902 819 364 399 645 1,047 510 118 337 0 816 241

New Jersey ........................ 18,971 17,620 10,471 6,642 1,666 577 404 1,186 1,794 924 90 356 151 1,096 255

New Mexico ....................... 10,798 9,291 5,345 3,562 957 309 206 553 944 330 263 379 5 1,507 0

New York............................ 18,073 16,794 11,572 4,864 556 472 338 691 1,475 896 436 358 0 889 393

North Carolina ................... 9,045 7,798 4,961 2,389 383 159 217 502 589 302 235 449 0 1,243 5

North Dakota ..................... 10,378 9,324 5,419 3,138 389 300 429 460 900 430 230 492 275 923 133

Ohio ................................... 11,982 10,340 5,911 4,084 620 658 309 586 965 491 457 343 1 1,393 264

Oklahoma .......................... 8,372 7,683 4,432 2,742 516 277 227 415 844 258 205 438 71 612 78

Oregon............................... 11,156 9,565 5,584 3,643 662 397 143 604 811 419 608 333 4 1,099 493

Pennsylvania...................... 13,712 11,741 7,131 4,158 584 455 349 520 1,236 588 425 404 48 1,439 534

Rhode Island ..................... 14,897 14,459 8,726 5,375 1,711 721 206 695 1,231 539 274 358 0 194 244

South Carolina................... 11,128 9,060 5,169 3,400 660 622 113 526 851 338 292 463 28 1,566 503

South Dakota..................... 9,684 8,535 4,956 3,093 468 357 306 424 919 315 304 445 40 956 193

Tennessee ......................... 8,746 7,820 4,935 2,491 310 450 153 439 702 289 149 393 0 737 191

Texas ................................. 10,596 8,350 4,993 2,922 405 449 124 460 945 239 299 435 0 1,739 507

Utah ................................... 7,756 5,978 3,886 1,761 220 255 68 351 543 190 132 304 27 1,595 186

Vermont ............................. 15,465 14,421 9,073 4,966 1,057 559 333 978 1,214 479 345 376 6 895 150

Virginia............................... 12,030 10,664 6,502 3,774 510 712 170 629 1,029 555 170 386 1 1,242 124

Washington........................ 11,200 9,058 5,392 3,237 594 408 173 528 824 372 337 306 122 1,748 395

West Virginia...................... 10,341 10,059 5,957 3,526 367 408 237 537 1,058 752 168 575 0 255 30

Wisconsin .......................... 12,312 10,791 6,560 3,851 494 527 274 541 1,017 408 590 380 0 750 775

Wyoming............................ 17,478 13,856 8,195 5,232 806 880 267 760 1,357 648 514 425 4 3,603 31

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Guam ............................. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas......... 4,703 4,535 3,532 446 40 88 162 19 0 116 20 49 508 168 0

Puerto Rico.................... 6,647 6,483 4,391 1,617 417 135 110 0 642 203 111 475 0 157 10

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 13,789 12,358 7,019 4,667 792 383 291 624 1,144 1,018 415 622 50 1,430 0
276 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Excludes “Other current expenditures,” such as community services, private school programs, adult education, and other programs not allocable to expenditures per pupil in public schools.

2Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school

district staff or contractors. Excludes capital outlay related to "Other current expenditures." 

3Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school

bookstore or computer time).

4Includes expenditures for health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

5Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and

computer centers.

NOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. “0” indicates none or less than

$0.50. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum

to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education Financial Survey,” 2006–07. (This

table was prepared August 2010.) 

Table 192. Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary education, by function and state or 

jurisdiction: 2006–07

State or jurisdiction

Current expenditures, capital expenditures, and interest on school debt

Total1

Current expenditures

Capital

outlay2

Interest

on

school

Total Instruction debt

Support services

Food

services

Enterprise

operations3 Total

Student

support4

Instructional staff5

General

administration

School

administration

Operation

and

maintenance

Student

transportation

Other

support

services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

United States ............ $11,252 $9,679 $5,901 $3,388 $512 $470 $190 $546 $951 $406 $315 $368 $22 $1,276 $299

Alabama ............................ 9,514 8,398 4,916 2,928 445 410 220 520 760 401 173 554 0 928 188

Alaska................................ 14,574 12,324 7,021 4,897 794 687 179 735 1,631 418 452 356 50 1,951 299

Arizona .............................. 8,878 7,316 4,448 2,546 519 174 116 358 804 274 300 323 0 1,351 212

Arkansas............................ 9,694 8,391 4,966 2,985 397 600 217 451 802 306 211 437 4 1,079 224

California ........................... 10,762 8,952 5,379 3,233 426 595 86 602 916 219 388 321 19 1,558 252

Colorado ............................ 10,092 8,286 4,792 3,189 375 441 142 562 834 246 589 267 38 1,372 434

Connecticut........................ 15,925 13,659 8,580 4,615 829 446 273 768 1,321 664 314 344 120 2,002 267

Delaware............................ 14,098 11,760 7,048 4,201 597 162 145 659 1,173 744 722 511 0 2,081 256

District of Columbia ........... 18,791 15,511 8,045 7,148 861 1,067 360 844 2,070 1,160 786 319 0 3,304 0

Florida................................ 11,077 8,567 5,108 3,084 397 574 83 486 947 357 240 375 0 2,243 273

Georgia.............................. 10,597 9,102 5,744 2,895 427 476 117 543 658 364 309 438 26 1,395 101

Hawaii................................ 12,358 11,316 6,700 4,123 1,353 393 116 757 1,013 201 291 494 0 514 551

Idaho.................................. 8,020 6,648 4,081 2,256 373 299 153 371 614 318 127 311 0 1,185 188

Illinois................................. 10,859 9,596 5,651 3,635 624 442 317 496 952 472 331 310 0 983 281

Indiana............................... 10,334 9,080 5,445 3,244 403 282 173 521 993 515 357 391 0 828 428

Iowa ................................... 10,311 8,791 5,290 3,089 503 407 238 530 806 318 286 401 11 1,355 165

Kansas............................... 10,358 9,243 5,607 3,221 521 421 288 535 877 356 223 415 0 806 309

Kentucky ............................ 9,228 7,941 4,719 2,753 341 432 173 435 735 457 180 451 18 1,098 191

Louisiana ........................... 10,020 8,937 5,188 3,240 385 463 215 482 940 501 254 508 0 931 152

Maine................................. 12,355 11,644 7,614 3,651 463 437 233 615 1,196 516 191 379 0 483 229

Maryland............................ 13,544 11,989 7,355 4,107 507 649 90 789 1,128 605 339 331 197 1,409 146

Massachusetts................... 13,718 12,784 8,217 4,182 722 607 234 546 1,172 549 352 386 0 638 296

Michigan ............................ 11,368 9,876 5,605 3,964 734 488 204 584 1,057 428 469 308 0 1,022 471

Minnesota .......................... 11,379 9,589 6,191 2,964 260 440 301 407 740 530 286 404 30 1,270 523

Mississippi ......................... 8,195 7,459 4,385 2,633 342 356 216 425 800 336 158 441 1 595 142

Missouri ............................. 10,195 8,848 5,349 3,102 423 405 277 489 882 448 179 396 0 1,030 319

Montana............................. 10,026 9,191 5,566 3,245 513 352 275 502 959 425 219 367 13 743 92

Nebraska ........................... 11,544 10,068 6,403 2,986 434 328 349 512 882 250 231 395 284 1,240 237

Nevada .............................. 10,016 7,796 4,727 2,800 283 229 150 522 793 298 525 269 0 1,731 491

New Hampshire ................. 12,311 11,036 7,112 3,606 756 342 372 603 959 469 104 319 0 1,022 256

New Jersey ........................ 17,794 16,163 9,611 6,057 1,479 532 381 1,084 1,634 872 75 361 134 1,376 255

New Mexico ....................... 9,863 8,849 5,011 3,467 865 274 202 658 915 322 230 367 4 1,014 1

New York............................ 16,981 15,546 10,740 4,464 500 433 302 631 1,351 828 419 343 0 1,047 391

North Carolina ................... 8,950 7,878 4,887 2,570 444 321 142 518 629 308 208 421 0 1,025 47

North Dakota ..................... 9,721 8,671 5,025 2,914 370 282 409 428 835 381 208 460 272 933 126

Ohio ................................... 11,569 9,937 5,700 3,909 596 631 291 576 920 459 436 326 1 1,404 243

Oklahoma .......................... 8,157 7,430 4,307 2,633 478 278 209 398 834 233 203 420 70 651 77

Oregon............................... 9,872 8,958 5,254 3,385 626 370 125 570 753 391 550 316 4 521 393

Pennsylvania...................... 12,759 10,905 6,668 3,815 535 420 336 477 1,136 530 381 372 50 1,376 480

Rhode Island ..................... 13,964 13,453 8,103 5,005 1,560 628 167 680 1,146 505 318 345 0 281 231

South Carolina................... 10,744 8,507 4,905 3,146 602 582 113 487 795 306 260 428 28 1,784 454

South Dakota..................... 9,104 8,064 4,682 2,927 444 345 289 403 866 285 295 417 38 870 170

Tennessee ......................... 7,872 7,129 4,547 2,225 248 398 145 403 651 259 121 357 0 579 165

Texas ................................. 9,756 7,850 4,673 2,771 382 426 121 437 901 216 288 406 0 1,447 459

Utah ................................... 7,099 5,709 3,606 1,763 213 255 72 353 557 188 125 307 32 1,231 163

Vermont ............................. 14,528 13,629 8,618 4,650 1,004 532 320 924 1,118 441 313 356 5 741 160

Virginia............................... 11,600 10,214 6,253 3,554 490 674 147 598 978 506 161 405 2 1,245 141

Washington........................ 10,484 8,524 5,061 3,055 554 389 165 500 790 348 310 288 120 1,588 373

West Virginia...................... 9,959 9,727 5,774 3,405 348 393 248 518 1,035 703 161 547 0 192 41

Wisconsin .......................... 11,614 10,372 6,350 3,666 478 502 267 527 987 390 516 356 0 515 731

Wyoming............................ 16,183 13,266 7,814 5,056 777 885 268 732 1,315 590 489 388 8 2,910 38

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ........... 3,833 3,481 1,745 948 93 203 60 378 90 64 61 788 0 351 0

Guam ............................. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Northern Marianas......... 5,129 4,707 3,692 478 72 48 131 8 114 93 11 47 490 422 0

Puerto Rico.................... 6,177 6,006 4,081 1,410 464 100 29 0 577 158 81 515 0 149 24

U.S. Virgin Islands.......... 10,953 9,669 5,884 3,495 615 307 451 571 639 702 208 244 46 1,284 0
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 277

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 193. Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1969–70 through 2007–08

State or jurisdiction

Unadjusted dollars

1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States ............... $751 $2,088 $4,643 $6,189 $6,508 $6,912 $7,380 $7,727 $8,044 $8,310 $8,711 $9,145 $9,679 $10,297

Alabama ............................... 512 1,520 3,144 4,849 5,188 5,638 5,885 6,029 6,300 6,581 7,073 7,683 8,398 9,197

Alaska................................... 1,059 4,267 7,577 8,271 8,404 8,806 9,216 9,564 9,870 10,116 10,847 11,476 12,324 14,641

Arizona ................................. 674 1,865 3,717 4,595 4,672 5,030 5,521 5,851 6,283 5,999 6,307 6,515 7,316 7,727

Arkansas............................... 511 1,472 3,229 4,708 4,956 5,277 5,568 6,276 6,482 6,842 7,659 8,030 8,391 8,677

California .............................. 833 2,227 4,502 5,644 5,801 6,314 6,987 7,405 7,552 7,673 7,905 8,301 8,952 9,706

Colorado ............................... 686 2,258 4,357 5,656 5,923 6,215 6,567 6,941 7,384 7,478 7,826 8,166 8,286 9,152

Connecticut........................... 911 2,167 7,463 8,901 9,318 9,753 10,127 10,577 11,057 11,436 12,263 13,072 13,659 14,610

Delaware............................... 833 2,587 5,326 7,420 7,706 8,310 8,958 9,285 9,693 10,212 10,911 11,621 11,760 12,153

District of Columbia .............. 947 2,811 7,872 8,393 9,650 10,107 12,046 12,102 11,847 12,959 13,915 13,752 15,511 16,353

Florida................................... 683 1,834 4,597 5,552 5,790 5,831 6,170 6,213 6,439 6,793 7,215 7,812 8,567 9,084

Georgia................................. 539 1,491 4,000 5,647 6,092 6,437 6,929 7,380 7,774 7,742 8,065 8,595 9,102 9,718

Hawaii................................... 792 2,086 4,130 5,858 6,081 6,530 6,596 7,306 8,100 8,533 8,997 9,876 11,316 11,800

Idaho..................................... 573 1,548 2,921 4,721 5,066 5,315 5,725 6,011 6,081 6,168 6,319 6,469 6,648 6,951

Illinois.................................... 816 2,241 4,521 6,242 6,762 7,133 7,631 7,956 8,287 8,606 8,896 9,113 9,596 10,353

Indiana.................................. 661 1,708 4,270 6,318 6,772 7,192 7,630 7,734 8,057 8,431 8,919 8,929 9,080 8,867

Iowa ...................................... 798 2,164 4,190 5,998 6,243 6,564 6,930 7,338 7,574 7,626 7,962 8,355 8,791 9,520

Kansas.................................. 699 1,963 4,290 5,727 6,015 6,294 6,937 7,339 7,454 7,776 7,926 8,640 9,243 9,883

Kentucky ............................... 502 1,557 3,384 5,213 5,637 5,921 6,079 6,523 6,661 6,864 7,132 7,668 7,941 8,740

Louisiana .............................. 589 1,629 3,625 5,187 5,548 5,804 6,037 6,567 6,922 7,271 7,669 8,486 8,937 10,006

Maine.................................... 649 1,692 4,903 6,742 7,155 7,667 8,232 8,818 9,344 9,746 10,342 10,841 11,644 11,761

Maryland............................... 809 2,293 5,573 7,034 7,326 7,731 8,260 8,692 9,153 9,433 10,031 10,909 11,989 13,235

Massachusetts...................... 791 2,548 5,766 7,778 8,260 8,816 9,509 10,232 10,460 11,015 11,642 12,087 12,784 13,667

Michigan ............................... 841 2,495 5,090 7,050 7,432 8,110 8,278 8,653 8,781 9,094 9,338 9,575 9,876 10,075

Minnesota ............................. 855 2,296 4,698 6,388 6,814 7,190 7,645 7,736 8,109 8,405 8,718 9,159 9,589 10,048

Mississippi ............................ 457 1,568 2,934 4,288 4,565 5,014 5,175 5,354 5,792 6,199 6,548 7,173 7,459 7,890

Missouri ................................ 596 1,724 4,071 5,565 5,855 6,187 6,657 7,136 7,495 7,542 7,858 8,273 8,848 9,532

Montana................................ 728 2,264 4,240 5,724 5,974 6,314 6,726 7,062 7,496 7,825 8,133 8,626 9,191 9,786

Nebraska .............................. 700 2,025 4,553 5,958 6,256 6,683 7,223 7,741 8,074 8,452 8,794 9,324 10,068 10,565

Nevada ................................. 706 1,908 3,816 5,295 5,587 5,760 5,807 6,079 6,092 6,410 6,804 7,177 7,796 8,187

New Hampshire .................... 666 1,732 4,786 6,156 6,433 6,860 7,286 7,935 8,579 9,161 9,771 10,396 11,036 11,951

New Jersey ........................... 924 2,825 7,546 9,643 10,145 10,337 11,248 11,793 12,568 13,338 14,117 14,954 16,163 17,620

New Mexico .......................... 665 1,870 3,446 5,005 5,440 5,825 6,313 6,882 7,125 7,572 7,834 8,354 8,849 9,291

New York............................... 1,194 2,950 7,051 8,852 9,344 9,846 10,716 11,218 11,961 12,638 13,703 14,615 15,546 16,794

North Carolina ...................... 570 1,635 4,018 5,257 5,656 6,045 6,340 6,495 6,562 6,613 7,098 7,396 7,878 7,798

North Dakota ........................ 662 1,941 3,899 5,056 5,442 5,667 6,125 6,709 6,870 7,333 8,279 8,728 8,671 9,324

Ohio ...................................... 677 1,894 4,531 6,198 6,590 7,065 7,571 8,069 8,632 9,029 9,330 9,692 9,937 10,340

Oklahoma ............................. 554 1,810 3,293 5,033 5,303 5,395 6,019 6,229 6,092 6,154 6,610 6,941 7,430 7,683

Oregon.................................. 843 2,412 4,864 6,419 6,828 7,149 7,528 7,642 7,491 7,618 8,069 8,645 8,958 9,565

Pennsylvania......................... 815 2,328 5,737 7,209 7,450 7,772 8,210 8,537 8,997 9,708 10,235 10,723 10,905 11,741

Rhode Island ........................ 807 2,340 5,908 7,928 8,294 8,904 9,315 9,703 10,349 11,078 11,667 12,609 13,453 14,459

South Carolina...................... 567 1,597 3,769 5,320 5,656 6,130 6,631 7,017 7,040 7,177 7,549 8,120 8,507 9,060

South Dakota........................ 656 1,781 3,511 4,669 5,259 5,632 6,191 6,424 6,547 7,068 7,464 7,775 8,064 8,535

Tennessee ............................ 531 1,523 3,405 4,937 5,123 5,383 5,687 5,948 6,118 6,466 6,850 7,004 7,129 7,820

Texas .................................... 551 1,740 3,835 5,444 5,685 6,288 6,539 6,771 7,136 7,151 7,246 7,480 7,850 8,350

Utah ...................................... 595 1,556 2,577 3,969 4,210 4,378 4,674 4,899 4,838 4,991 5,216 5,464 5,709 5,978

Vermont ................................ 790 1,930 5,770 7,075 7,541 8,323 9,153 9,806 10,454 11,211 11,972 12,805 13,629 14,421

Virginia.................................. 654 1,824 4,690 6,065 6,350 6,841 7,281 7,496 7,822 8,219 8,886 9,452 10,214 10,664

Washington........................... 853 2,387 4,382 6,040 6,110 6,376 6,750 7,039 7,252 7,391 7,717 7,984 8,524 9,058

West Virginia......................... 621 1,749 4,020 6,323 6,677 7,152 7,534 7,844 8,319 8,588 9,024 9,440 9,727 10,059

Wisconsin ............................. 793 2,225 5,020 7,123 7,527 7,806 8,243 8,634 9,004 9,240 9,755 9,993 10,372 10,791

Wyoming............................... 805 2,369 5,239 6,218 6,842 7,425 7,835 8,645 8,985 9,308 10,190 11,437 13,266 13,856

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .............. — — 1,781 2,175 2,283 2,739 2,588 2,906 2,976 3,493 3,607 3,561 3,481 —

Guam ................................ 766 — 3,817 5,200 — — — — — 5,781 — 6,781 — —

Northern Marianas............ — — 3,356 6,112 5,312 5,120 4,913 4,438 4,519 4,241 5,034 4,924 4,707 4,535

Puerto Rico....................... — — 1,605 3,211 3,298 3,404 3,685 3,563 4,260 4,147 4,979 5,470 6,006 6,483

U.S. Virgin Islands............. — — 6,043 5,932 6,983 6,478 6,437 5,716 6,840 7,239 8,387 8,768 9,669 12,358

See notes at end of table.
278 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), prepared by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. The CPI does

not account for differences in inflation rates from state to state.

NOTE: Expenditures for state administration are excluded in all years except 1969–70 and

1979–80. Beginning in 1989–90, the survey was expanded and coverage of state expenditures for public school districts was improved. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics

of State School Systems, 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and

Secondary Schools, 1979–80; and Common Core of Data (CCD), “National Public Education

Financial Survey,” 1989–90 through 2007–08. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 193. Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1969–70 through 2007–08—Continued

State or jurisdiction

Constant 2008–09 dollars1

1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

United States ............... $4,269 $5,775 $7,849 $8,214 $8,490 $8,765 $9,048 $9,309 $9,482 $9,586 $9,754 $9,865 $10,178 $10,441

Alabama ............................... 2,907 4,204 5,315 6,436 6,768 7,149 7,215 7,263 7,425 7,592 7,921 8,288 8,831 9,325

Alaska................................... 6,019 11,799 12,810 10,977 10,963 11,166 11,299 11,521 11,635 11,669 12,146 12,380 12,960 14,845

Arizona ................................. 3,832 5,157 6,284 6,098 6,096 6,378 6,769 7,049 7,406 6,920 7,062 7,028 7,693 7,835

Arkansas............................... 2,903 4,070 5,459 6,248 6,465 6,692 6,826 7,560 7,641 7,892 8,577 8,662 8,824 8,798

California .............................. 4,736 6,156 7,612 7,491 7,569 8,006 8,566 8,921 8,902 8,851 8,852 8,955 9,413 9,842

Colorado ............................... 3,899 6,243 7,365 7,507 7,727 7,881 8,052 8,361 8,703 8,626 8,763 8,809 8,713 9,280

Connecticut........................... 5,175 5,992 12,616 11,813 12,156 12,366 12,415 12,741 13,034 13,191 13,732 14,101 14,363 14,814

Delaware............................... 4,736 7,152 9,004 9,847 10,053 10,536 10,982 11,185 11,426 11,780 12,218 12,536 12,366 12,322

District of Columbia .............. 5,381 7,774 13,308 11,139 12,589 12,815 14,769 14,579 13,964 14,948 15,582 14,834 16,311 16,581

Florida................................... 3,879 5,071 7,772 7,369 7,553 7,394 7,565 7,485 7,590 7,836 8,079 8,427 9,009 9,210

Georgia................................. 3,062 4,123 6,762 7,495 7,948 8,162 8,494 8,890 9,164 8,931 9,032 9,272 9,571 9,853

Hawaii................................... 4,500 5,769 6,982 7,774 7,934 8,280 8,086 8,802 9,548 9,843 10,075 10,654 11,900 11,965

Idaho..................................... 3,257 4,281 4,938 6,265 6,609 6,739 7,018 7,241 7,168 7,114 7,076 6,979 6,990 7,048

Illinois.................................... 4,635 6,197 7,643 8,284 8,822 9,044 9,355 9,585 9,768 9,928 9,961 9,831 10,090 10,498

Indiana.................................. 3,757 4,723 7,219 8,385 8,835 9,120 9,355 9,317 9,498 9,725 9,987 9,632 9,548 8,991

Iowa ...................................... 4,535 5,984 7,083 7,961 8,145 8,323 8,496 8,840 8,927 8,797 8,915 9,013 9,245 9,653

Kansas.................................. 3,971 5,427 7,252 7,601 7,847 7,980 8,505 8,841 8,787 8,969 8,875 9,320 9,719 10,021

Kentucky ............................... 2,853 4,306 5,720 6,919 7,354 7,508 7,452 7,858 7,852 7,918 7,986 8,272 8,350 8,862

Louisiana .............................. 3,349 4,504 6,128 6,884 7,238 7,359 7,401 7,911 8,160 8,387 8,588 9,154 9,398 10,146

Maine.................................... 3,689 4,679 8,289 8,948 9,334 9,722 10,093 10,622 11,014 11,242 11,581 11,695 12,244 11,925

Maryland............................... 4,598 6,339 9,422 9,336 9,557 9,803 10,126 10,471 10,789 10,881 11,233 11,767 12,607 13,420

Massachusetts...................... 4,493 7,045 9,748 10,323 10,775 11,178 11,657 12,326 12,329 12,706 13,037 13,038 13,443 13,857

Michigan ............................... 4,782 6,900 8,605 9,356 9,696 10,283 10,149 10,424 10,350 10,490 10,457 10,329 10,385 10,215

Minnesota ............................. 4,858 6,350 7,942 8,477 8,890 9,117 9,372 9,319 9,558 9,695 9,763 9,880 10,083 10,188

Mississippi ............................ 2,595 4,337 4,959 5,691 5,955 6,357 6,344 6,449 6,828 7,151 7,333 7,738 7,843 8,000

Missouri ................................ 3,387 4,767 6,881 7,386 7,638 7,845 8,161 8,596 8,834 8,700 8,800 8,925 9,303 9,665

Montana................................ 4,135 6,259 7,168 7,597 7,793 8,006 8,246 8,507 8,835 9,026 9,108 9,305 9,665 9,923

Nebraska .............................. 3,976 5,598 7,697 7,907 8,161 8,474 8,856 9,325 9,517 9,749 9,847 10,058 10,587 10,712

Nevada ................................. 4,010 5,276 6,451 7,027 7,289 7,303 7,119 7,323 7,181 7,394 7,619 7,742 8,198 8,301

New Hampshire .................... 3,785 4,789 8,090 8,170 8,393 8,698 8,932 9,559 10,112 10,568 10,942 11,214 11,605 12,117

New Jersey ........................... 5,250 7,812 12,757 12,798 13,236 13,108 13,790 14,207 14,814 15,386 15,808 16,131 16,996 17,866

New Mexico .......................... 3,779 5,172 5,825 6,642 7,097 7,386 7,740 8,291 8,398 8,734 8,772 9,012 9,305 9,421

New York............................... 6,787 8,158 11,920 11,748 12,191 12,485 13,137 13,513 14,099 14,578 15,345 15,765 16,348 17,029

North Carolina ...................... 3,241 4,522 6,793 6,976 7,379 7,665 7,773 7,824 7,735 7,628 7,948 7,978 8,284 7,907

North Dakota ........................ 3,764 5,368 6,592 6,709 7,099 7,185 7,509 8,082 8,098 8,459 9,271 9,415 9,118 9,454

Ohio ...................................... 3,844 5,238 7,660 8,226 8,597 8,958 9,282 9,720 10,175 10,415 10,448 10,455 10,449 10,484

Oklahoma ............................. 3,147 5,004 5,567 6,679 6,918 6,840 7,379 7,504 7,181 7,099 7,402 7,488 7,813 7,790

Oregon.................................. 4,792 6,670 8,224 8,519 8,907 9,064 9,229 9,206 8,830 8,787 9,035 9,326 9,420 9,698

Pennsylvania......................... 4,633 6,438 9,699 9,567 9,719 9,855 10,065 10,284 10,605 11,199 11,462 11,568 11,467 11,905

Rhode Island ........................ 4,584 6,471 9,988 10,522 10,821 11,291 11,420 11,688 12,199 12,779 13,065 13,601 14,146 14,661

South Carolina...................... 3,223 4,417 6,372 7,060 7,379 7,773 8,130 8,453 8,298 8,278 8,454 8,759 8,945 9,187

South Dakota........................ 3,729 4,924 5,936 6,197 6,861 7,141 7,590 7,738 7,717 8,153 8,358 8,387 8,479 8,654

Tennessee ............................ 3,017 4,212 5,756 6,553 6,684 6,825 6,972 7,165 7,211 7,459 7,671 7,556 7,497 7,929

Texas .................................... 3,132 4,810 6,483 7,226 7,417 7,973 8,017 8,157 8,412 8,248 8,114 8,069 8,254 8,466

Utah ...................................... 3,382 4,303 4,356 5,267 5,492 5,551 5,730 5,902 5,702 5,757 5,841 5,895 6,003 6,062

Vermont ................................ 4,487 5,337 9,755 9,389 9,837 10,553 11,221 11,813 12,323 12,932 13,406 13,813 14,331 14,623

Virginia.................................. 3,719 5,044 7,928 8,049 8,284 8,674 8,926 9,030 9,220 9,481 9,950 10,196 10,741 10,813

Washington........................... 4,848 6,600 7,409 8,016 7,971 8,085 8,275 8,480 8,549 8,526 8,641 8,613 8,963 9,184

West Virginia......................... 3,531 4,835 6,796 8,392 8,710 9,068 9,237 9,449 9,806 9,906 10,105 10,184 10,228 10,199

Wisconsin ............................. 4,507 6,152 8,486 9,453 9,820 9,898 10,105 10,401 10,614 10,658 10,923 10,779 10,906 10,942

Wyoming............................... 4,574 6,551 8,857 8,253 8,926 9,415 9,606 10,414 10,591 10,737 11,411 12,337 13,950 14,049

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa .............. — — 3,012 2,886 2,978 3,473 3,173 3,500 3,508 4,030 4,039 3,842 3,661 —

Guam ................................ 4,356 — 6,453 6,902 — — — — — 6,668 — 7,315 — —

Northern Marianas............ — — 5,674 8,112 6,929 6,493 6,023 5,346 5,327 4,891 5,637 5,311 4,949 4,598

Puerto Rico....................... — — 2,714 4,261 4,302 4,316 4,518 4,292 5,022 4,783 5,575 5,901 6,316 6,574

U.S. Virgin Islands............. — — 10,216 7,873 9,110 8,214 7,891 6,886 8,063 8,350 9,392 9,459 10,167 12,531
CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education 279

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

See notes at end of table.

Table 194. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: 

Selected years, 1959–60 through 2007–08

State or jurisdiction

Unadjusted dollars

1959–60 1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States ............. $375 $816 $2,272 $4,980 $7,013 $7,394 $7,904 $8,259 $8,610 $8,900 $9,316 $9,778 $10,336 $10,981

Alabama ............................. 241 544 1,612 3,327 5,512 5,758 6,052 6,327 6,642 6,812 7,309 7,980 8,743 9,345

Alaska................................. 546 1,123 4,728 8,431 9,209 9,668 9,998 10,419 10,770 11,074 11,851 12,537 13,508 16,002

Arizona ............................... 404 720 1,971 4,053 5,235 5,478 6,032 6,470 6,784 6,908 7,218 7,637 8,038 8,630

Arkansas............................. 225 568 1,574 3,485 5,193 5,628 5,942 6,676 6,981 7,307 8,243 8,748 9,152 9,460

California ............................ 424 2 867 2,268 4,391 6,045 6,401 7,063 7,439 7,601 7,708 7,989 8,416 9,029 9,673

Colorado ............................. 396 738 2,421 4,720 6,386 6,702 7,082 7,284 7,826 8,416 8,558 8,938 9,110 9,977

Connecticut......................... 436 951 2,420 7,837 9,620 10,122 10,525 11,022 11,302 11,755 12,655 13,461 14,143 15,063

Delaware............................. 456 900 2,861 5,799 8,336 8,809 9,720 9,959 10,257 11,049 11,770 12,330 12,612 12,789

District of Columbia ............ 431 1,018 3,259 8,955 10,611 11,935 13,204 14,557 14,735 15,414 15,074 17,877 18,285 20,807

Florida................................. 318 732 1,889 4,997 6,443 6,383 6,620 6,679 6,922 7,269 7,731 8,376 9,055 9,711

Georgia............................... 253 588 1,625 4,275 6,534 6,903 7,431 7,870 8,308 8,278 8,577 9,164 9,615 10,263

Hawaii................................. 325 841 2,322 4,448 6,648 7,090 7,106 7,919 8,770 9,341 9,705 10,747 12,364 12,774

Idaho................................... 290 603 1,659 3,078 5,379 5,644 6,077 6,391 6,454 6,559 6,698 6,861 7,074 7,402

Illinois.................................. 438 909 2,587 5,118 7,676 8,084 8,659 8,967 9,309 9,710 10,020 10,282 10,816 11,624

Indiana................................ 369 728 1,882 4,606 7,249 7,652 8,128 8,268 8,582 9,033 9,640 9,558 9,727 9,569

Iowa .................................... 368 844 2,326 4,453 6,548 6,925 7,340 7,714 7,943 8,017 8,341 8,460 8,789 9,128

Kansas................................ 348 771 2,173 4,752 6,708 6,962 7,681 8,342 8,373 8,804 9,037 9,905 10,280 11,053

Kentucky ............................. 233 545 1,701 3,745 6,501 6,784 7,174 7,536 7,728 7,976 8,379 8,975 9,303 9,940

Louisiana ............................ 372 648 1,792 3,903 6,019 6,256 6,553 7,061 7,492 7,846 8,288 8,568 9,650 10,797

Maine.................................. 283 692 1,824 5,373 7,688 8,247 8,879 9,517 10,114 10,504 11,153 11,760 12,628 13,177

Maryland............................. 393 918 2,598 6,275 7,865 8,273 8,833 9,266 9,801 10,140 10,790 11,719 12,836 14,099

Massachusetts.................... 409 859 2,819 6,237 8,750 9,375 10,073 10,808 11,161 11,583 12,208 12,629 13,263 14,349

Michigan ............................. 415 904 2,640 5,546 8,142 8,886 9,031 9,428 9,847 10,049 10,328 10,598 10,932 11,155

Minnesota ........................... 425 904 2,387 4,971 7,183 7,499 7,960 8,050 8,440 8,934 9,273 9,761 10,185 10,650

Mississippi .......................... 206 501 1,664 3,094 4,871 5,356 5,535 5,719 6,186 6,601 6,994 7,699 7,988 8,448

Missouri .............................. 344 709 1,936 4,507 6,393 6,764 7,265 7,700 8,002 8,022 8,360 8,834 9,266 10,007

Montana.............................. 411 782 2,476 4,736 6,768 6,990 7,484 7,861 8,391 8,771 9,108 9,653 10,244 10,541

Nebraska ............................ 337 736 2,150 4,842 6,856 7,360 7,688 8,238 8,550 9,270 9,638 10,170 10,711 11,217

Nevada ............................... 430 769 2,088 4,117 5,934 6,148 6,150 6,477 6,496 6,780 7,198 7,720 8,372 8,891

New Hampshire .................. 347 723 1,916 5,304 6,780 7,082 7,656 8,230 8,900 9,391 10,043 10,698 11,347 12,280

New Jersey ......................... 388 1,016 3,191 8,139 10,748 10,903 11,752 12,197 13,093 13,776 14,666 15,362 16,650 18,174

New Mexico ........................ 363 707 2,034 3,515 5,363 5,835 6,320 6,886 7,126 7,653 7,933 8,426 8,876 9,377

New York............................. 562 1,327 3,462 8,062 10,514 10,957 11,887 12,343 13,211 13,926 15,054 16,095 17,182 18,423

North Carolina .................... 237 612 1,754 4,290 6,088 6,505 6,817 6,970 7,057 7,114 7,628 7,940 8,373 8,415

North Dakota ...................... 367 690 1,920 4,189 5,820 6,078 6,467 7,112 7,315 7,791 8,776 9,239 9,203 9,637

Ohio .................................... 365 730 2,075 5,045 7,254 7,816 8,403 8,928 9,427 9,799 9,984 10,306 10,792 11,374

Oklahoma ........................... 311 604 1,926 3,508 5,684 5,770 6,458 6,672 6,540 6,599 7,086 7,449 7,968 8,270

Oregon................................ 448 925 2,692 5,474 7,787 8,129 8,545 8,725 8,514 8,640 8,799 9,294 9,762 10,487

Pennsylvania....................... 409 882 2,535 6,228 8,026 8,380 8,847 9,196 9,648 10,393 11,014 11,530 11,995 12,493

Rhode Island ...................... 413 891 2,601 6,368 9,049 9,646 10,116 10,552 11,377 12,279 12,685 13,917 14,674 15,843

South Carolina.................... 220 613 1,752 4,082 6,003 6,545 7,210 7,549 7,759 7,893 8,302 8,795 9,226 9,823

South Dakota...................... 347 690 1,908 3,731 5,613 6,037 6,581 6,890 7,192 7,607 7,960 8,273 8,506 9,047

Tennessee .......................... 238 566 1,635 3,664 5,521 5,837 6,108 6,476 6,674 7,047 7,426 7,580 7,843 8,459

Texas .................................. 332 624 1,916 4,150 6,161 6,771 7,039 7,302 7,714 7,711 7,814 8,085 8,484 9,029

Utah .................................... 322 626 1,657 2,764 4,478 4,692 5,029 5,294 5,247 5,427 5,654 5,809 6,116 6,841

Vermont .............................. 344 807 1,997 6,227 7,984 8,799 9,559 10,229 10,903 11,675 12,579 13,377 14,219 15,089

Virginia................................ 274 708 1,970 4,672 6,129 6,491 7,664 7,928 8,300 8,761 9,441 10,046 10,913 11,410

Washington......................... 420 915 2,568 4,702 6,595 6,914 7,312 7,626 7,882 8,051 8,362 8,702 9,233 9,846

West Virginia....................... 258 670 1,920 4,360 7,189 7,637 8,148 8,451 9,025 9,076 9,321 9,756 10,080 10,605

Wisconsin ........................... 413 883 2,477 5,524 8,062 8,299 8,797 9,237 9,538 9,834 10,141 10,484 10,813 11,370

Wyoming............................. 450 856 2,527 5,577 7,393 7,944 8,466 9,321 9,906 10,351 11,087 12,415 14,219 14,936

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ............ — — — 1,908 2,354 2,807 2,743 2,983 3,121 3,671 3,801 3,842 3,909 4,309

Guam .............................. 236 820 — 4,234 — — — — — 6,449 — 7,095 7,450 8,084

Northern Marianas.......... — — — 3,007 5,973 5,720 5,481 4,934 5,221 4,746 5,669 5,307 5,356 5,162

Puerto Rico..................... 106 — — 1,750 3,771 3,859 4,191 4,013 4,743 4,534 5,304 5,897 6,152 6,898

U.S. Virgin Islands........... 271 — — 6,767 7,714 7,238 7,795 6,248 7,747 8,077 8,698 9,637 10,548 12,358
280 CHAPTER 2: Elementary and Secondary Education

Revenues and Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), prepared by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. The CPI does

not account for differences in inflation rates from state to state. 2Estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics. 

NOTE: State administration expenditures are excluded in all years except 1959–60,

1969–70, and 1979–80. Beginning in 1989–90, extensive changes were made in the data

collection procedures. There are discrepancies in average daily attendance reporting practices from state to state. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems, 1959–60 and 1969–70; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1979–80; and Common Core of Data (CCD),

“National Public Education Financial Survey,” 1989–90 through 2007–08. (This table was

prepared November 2010.)

Table 194. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction: 

Selected years, 1959–60 through 2007–08—Continued

State or jurisdiction

Constant 2008–09 dollars1

1959–60 1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

United States ............. $2,741 $4,637 $6,282 $8,418 $9,149 $9,375 $9,690 $9,949 $10,149 $10,266 $10,432 $10,548 $10,868 $11,134

Alabama ............................. 1,762 3,091 4,457 5,625 7,190 7,302 7,420 7,622 7,829 7,858 8,185 8,608 9,193 9,475

Alaska................................. 3,991 6,379 13,072 14,253 12,014 12,259 12,257 12,551 12,695 12,774 13,271 13,524 14,204 16,226

Arizona ............................... 2,948 4,092 5,449 6,852 6,829 6,946 7,395 7,793 7,997 7,969 8,082 8,238 8,452 8,751

Arkansas............................. 1,645 3,226 4,353 5,892 6,774 7,136 7,284 8,043 8,229 8,429 9,231 9,437 9,624 9,592

California ............................ 3,098 2 4,928 6,270 7,423 7,886 8,116 8,659 8,962 8,960 8,891 8,946 9,079 9,495 9,808

Colorado ............................. 2,894 4,193 6,694 7,980 8,331 8,498 8,682 8,774 9,225 9,708 9,583 9,642 9,580 10,117

Connecticut......................... 3,186 5,406 6,692 13,249 12,550 12,834 12,903 13,277 13,322 13,559 14,172 14,521 14,872 15,274

Delaware............................. 3,329 5,115 7,911 9,803 10,875 11,169 11,917 11,997 12,091 12,746 13,180 13,301 13,262 12,968

District of Columbia ............ 3,150 5,787 9,011 15,139 13,843 15,133 16,188 17,536 17,369 17,780 16,880 19,284 19,227 21,097

Florida................................. 2,321 4,161 5,223 8,448 8,405 8,094 8,116 8,046 8,159 8,385 8,657 9,036 9,522 9,847

Georgia............................... 1,852 3,341 4,494 7,227 8,524 8,753 9,110 9,480 9,792 9,549 9,604 9,885 10,110 10,406

Hawaii................................. 2,371 4,776 6,420 7,520 8,673 8,990 8,712 9,540 10,337 10,774 10,867 11,593 13,001 12,952

Idaho................................... 2,116 3,428 4,588 5,203 7,017 7,157 7,451 7,699 7,608 7,565 7,501 7,402 7,438 7,506

Illinois.................................. 3,203 5,168 7,152 8,652 10,013 10,250 10,616 10,802 10,972 11,200 11,221 11,092 11,374 11,786

Indiana................................ 2,693 4,137 5,205 7,787 9,457 9,703 9,965 9,960 10,116 10,420 10,795 10,310 10,228 9,703

Iowa .................................... 2,686 4,797 6,433 7,528 8,543 8,781 8,999 9,292 9,363 9,247 9,340 9,126 9,241 9,255

Kansas................................ 2,540 4,381 6,008 8,033 8,751 8,828 9,417 10,049 9,870 10,156 10,119 10,685 10,809 11,208

Kentucky ............................. 1,703 3,098 4,704 6,332 8,481 8,602 8,795 9,078 9,110 9,200 9,383 9,681 9,782 10,079

Louisiana ............................ 2,717 3,682 4,955 6,599 7,852 7,932 8,034 8,506 8,831 9,051 9,281 9,243 10,148 10,947

Maine.................................. 2,065 3,935 5,042 9,083 10,030 10,457 10,885 11,465 11,922 12,117 12,489 12,686 13,279 13,361

Maryland............................. 2,869 5,218 7,183 10,609 10,261 10,490 10,830 11,162 11,553 11,696 12,083 12,642 13,497 14,295

Massachusetts.................... 2,987 4,882 7,795 10,544 11,416 11,887 12,349 13,020 13,156 13,361 13,671 13,623 13,946 14,549

Michigan ............................. 3,033 5,137 7,301 9,376 10,622 11,267 11,071 11,358 11,607 11,591 11,565 11,433 11,495 11,310

Minnesota ........................... 3,106 5,135 6,600 8,403 9,371 9,509 9,759 9,698 9,949 10,306 10,384 10,529 10,710 10,799

Mississippi .......................... 1,504 2,846 4,600 5,230 6,355 6,791 6,785 6,890 7,292 7,615 7,832 8,305 8,399 8,566

Missouri .............................. 2,513 4,026 5,354 7,619 8,341 8,577 8,906 9,275 9,432 9,253 9,361 9,530 9,743 10,146

Montana.............................. 3,001 4,443 6,848 8,007 8,830 8,863 9,175 9,470 9,891 10,117 10,200 10,413 10,771 10,688

Nebraska ............................ 2,462 4,185 5,945 8,185 8,944 9,332 9,425 9,923 10,078 10,693 10,793 10,970 11,263 11,373

Nevada ............................... 3,144 4,372 5,774 6,960 7,742 7,795 7,540 7,803 7,657 7,820 8,061 8,327 8,804 9,015

New Hampshire .................. 2,537 4,109 5,297 8,967 8,845 8,980 9,386 9,915 10,491 10,832 11,247 11,540 11,931 12,452

New Jersey ......................... 2,831 5,775 8,824 13,760 14,022 13,824 14,408 14,693 15,433 15,891 16,423 16,571 17,508 18,428

New Mexico ........................ 2,649 4,018 5,623 5,942 6,997 7,398 7,748 8,295 8,399 8,828 8,883 9,089 9,333 9,507

New York............................. 4,103 7,539 9,573 13,628 13,717 13,893 14,573 14,869 15,573 16,063 16,858 17,362 18,067 18,680

North Carolina .................... 1,733 3,480 4,851 7,253 7,942 8,248 8,358 8,397 8,319 8,207 8,542 8,566 8,805 8,532

North Dakota ...................... 2,679 3,919 5,310 7,082 7,593 7,707 7,928 8,568 8,623 8,986 9,827 9,966 9,678 9,771

Ohio .................................... 2,667 4,148 5,736 8,528 9,464 9,911 10,302 10,755 11,112 11,303 11,180 11,117 11,348 11,533

Oklahoma ........................... 2,275 3,435 5,327 5,930 7,415 7,316 7,917 8,037 7,709 7,612 7,935 8,035 8,379 8,386

Oregon................................ 3,275 5,255 7,443 9,255 10,159 10,307 10,476 10,511 10,035 9,966 9,853 10,025 10,265 10,634

Pennsylvania....................... 2,991 5,010 7,009 10,529 10,470 10,626 10,846 11,077 11,372 11,989 12,334 12,438 12,613 12,667

Rhode Island ...................... 3,020 5,064 7,192 10,765 11,805 12,231 12,401 12,711 13,411 14,164 14,205 15,012 15,431 16,064

South Carolina.................... 1,608 3,481 4,844 6,900 7,831 8,299 8,840 9,094 9,146 9,104 9,296 9,488 9,702 9,960

South Dakota...................... 2,534 3,920 5,275 6,308 7,323 7,654 8,069 8,299 8,478 8,774 8,914 8,924 8,944 9,173

Tennessee .......................... 1,739 3,217 4,522 6,194 7,203 7,401 7,488 7,802 7,867 8,128 8,316 8,177 8,247 8,577

Texas .................................. 2,428 3,547 5,297 7,017 8,038 8,586 8,629 8,797 9,093 8,895 8,750 8,722 8,921 9,155

Utah .................................... 2,356 3,559 4,581 4,672 5,842 5,950 6,166 6,377 6,185 6,260 6,331 6,267 6,431 6,937

Vermont .............................. 2,513 4,587 5,522 10,527 10,416 11,157 11,719 12,322 12,851 13,468 14,086 14,430 14,952 15,299

Virginia................................ 2,003 4,022 5,447 7,897 7,995 8,230 9,396 9,551 9,783 10,105 10,572 10,837 11,475 11,570

Washington......................... 3,071 5,201 7,101 7,949 8,604 8,766 8,964 9,187 9,291 9,287 9,364 9,388 9,709 9,983

West Virginia....................... 1,888 3,807 5,310 7,372 9,378 9,683 9,989 10,180 10,638 10,470 10,437 10,524 10,600 10,753

Wisconsin ........................... 3,017 5,016 6,848 9,338 10,518 10,522 10,785 11,127 11,242 11,343 11,356 11,309 11,370 11,529

Wyoming............................. 3,290 4,864 6,986 9,429 9,645 10,073 10,378 11,228 11,677 11,939 12,415 13,392 14,952 15,145

Other jurisdictions

American Samoa ............ — — — 3,225 3,071 3,559 3,363 3,593 3,678 4,235 4,256 4,144 4,110 4,369

Guam .............................. 1,727 2 4,658 — 7,158 — — — — — 7,439 — 7,653 7,834 8,197

Northern Marianas.......... — — — 5,084 7,793 7,253 6,719 5,944 6,154 5,474 6,349 5,725 5,632 5,234

Puerto Rico..................... 776 — — 2,958 4,919 4,893 5,138 4,834 5,590 5,230 5,939 6,362 6,469 6,995

U.S. Virgin Islands........... 1,977 — — 11,441 10,064 9,177 9,556 7,526 9,132 9,317 9,741 10,395 11,091 12,531
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 281

CHAPTER 3

Postsecondary Education

Postsecondary education includes an array of diverse

educational experiences offered by American colleges and

universities and technical and vocational institutions. For

example, a community college may offer vocational training

or the first 2 years of training at the college level. A university typically offers a full undergraduate course of study

leading to a bachelor’s degree, as well as first-professional

and graduate programs leading to advanced degrees. Vocational and technical institutions offer training programs that

are designed to prepare students for specific careers. 

This chapter provides an overview of the latest statistics

on postsecondary education, which includes academic,

career and technical, and continuing professional education

programs after high school. However, to maintain comparability over time, most of the data in the Digest are for degreegranting institutions, which are defined as postsecondary

institutions that grant an associate’s or higher degree and

whose students are eligible to participate in the Title IV federal financial aid programs.1 Degree-granting institutions

include almost all 2- and 4-year colleges and universities;

they exclude institutions offering only career and technical

programs of less than 2 years’ duration and continuing education programs. The degree-granting institution classification is very similar to the higher education institution

classification that the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) used prior to 1996–97.2 This chapter highlights

historical data that enable the reader to observe long-range

trends in college education in America. 

Other chapters provide related information on postsecondary education. Data on price indexes and on the number

of degrees held by the general population are shown in

1 Title IV programs, which are administered by the U.S. Department of

Education, provide financial aid to postsecondary students. 

2 Included among degree-granting institutions are some institutions (primarily 2-year colleges) that were not previously designated as higher education

institutions. Excluded from degree-granting institutions are a few institutions

that were previously designated as higher education institutions even though

they did not award an associate’s or higher degree. Institutions of higher education were accredited by an agency or association that was recognized by

the U.S. Department of Education, or recognized directly by the Secretary of

Education. Institutions of higher education offered courses that led to an

associate’s or higher degree, or were accepted for credit towards a degree.

chapter 1. Chapter 4 contains tabulations on federal funding for postsecondary education. Information on employment outcomes for college graduates is shown in chapter 5.

Chapter 7 contains data on college libraries as well as nonpostsecondary educational opportunities for adults. Further

information on survey methodologies is presented in

Appendix A: Guide to Sources and in the publications cited

in the table source notes. 

Enrollment

Enrollment in degree-granting institutions increased by

9 percent between 1989 and 1999 (table 197 and figure 11).

Between 1999 and 2009, enrollment increased 38 percent,

from 14.8 million to 20.4 million. Much of the growth

between 1999 and 2009 was in full-time enrollment; the

number of full-time students rose 45 percent, while the number of part-time students rose 28 percent. During the same

time period, the number of females rose 40 percent, while

the number of males rose 35 percent. Enrollment increases

can be affected both by population growth and by rising

rates of enrollment. Between 1999 and 2009, the number of

18- to 24-year-olds increased from 26.7 million to 30.4 million, an increase of 14 percent (table 20), and the percentage

of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college rose from 36 percent in 1999 to 41 percent in 2009 (table 212). In addition to

enrollment in accredited 2-year colleges, 4-year colleges,

and universities, about 472,000 students attended nondegree-granting, Title IV eligible, postsecondary institutions

in fall 2008 (table 195).

In recent years, the percentage increase in the number of

students age 25 and over has been larger than the percentage

increase in the number of younger students, and this pattern

is expected to continue (table 199 and figure 13). Between

2000 and 2009, the enrollment of students under age 25

increased by 27 percent. Enrollment of students 25 and over

rose 43 percent during the same period. From 2010 to 2019,

NCES projects a rise of 9 percent in enrollments of students

under 25, and a rise of 23 percent in enrollments of students

25 and over. 
282 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Enrollment trends have differed at the undergraduate and

postbaccalaureate levels (which include graduate and firstprofessional programs). Undergraduate enrollment generally increased during the 1970s, but dipped from 10.8 million to 10.6 million between 1983 and 1985 (table 213).

From 1985 to 1992, undergraduate enrollment increased

each year, rising 18 percent before stabilizing between 1992

and 1998. Undergraduate enrollment rose 39 percent

between 1999 and 2009. Postbaccalaureate enrollment had

been steady at about 1.6 million in the late 1970s and early

1980s, but rose about 73 percent between 1985 and 2009

(table 214). 

Since 1988, the number of females in postbaccalaureate

programs has exceeded the number of males (table 214).

Between 1999 and 2009, the number of male full-time postbaccalaureate students increased by 36 percent, compared

with a 63 percent increase in the number of females. Among

part-time postbaccalaureate students, the number of males

increased by 14 percent and the number of females increased

by 26 percent. 

Eleven percent of undergraduates reported having a disability in 2007–08, similar to the percentage in 2003–04

(table 240). In 2007–08, the percentages of undergraduates

who were male (43 percent) and female (57 percent) were

the same for undergraduates reporting disabilities as for

those not reporting disabilities. There were some differences

in characteristics such as race/ethnicity, age, dependency

status, and veteran status between undergraduates reporting

disabilities and those without disabilities in 2007–08. For

example, White students made up a larger percentage of

undergraduates reporting disabilities than of undergraduates

without disabilities (66 percent vs. 61 percent). Undergraduates under age 24 made up a smaller percentage of those

reporting disabilities than of those not reporting disabilities

(54 percent vs. 60 percent). A smaller percentage of undergraduates who reported disabilities than of those without

disabilities were dependents (47 percent vs. 54 percent).

About 4 percent of undergraduates who reported disabilities

were veterans, compared with 3 percent of those who did not

report disabilities.

The percentage of American college students who are

Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Black has been

increasing (table 235). From 1976 to 2009, the percentage of

Hispanic students rose from 3 percent to 12 percent, the percentage of Asian/Pacific Islander students rose from 2 percent to 7 percent, and the percentage of Black students rose

from 9 percent to 14 percent. During the same period, the

percentage of White students fell from 83 percent to 62 percent. Nonresident aliens, for whom race/ethnicity is not

reported, made up 3 percent of the total enrollment in 2009. 

Despite the sizable numbers of small degree-granting colleges, most students attend larger colleges and universities.

In fall 2009, some 39 percent of institutions had fewer than

1,000 students; however, these campuses enrolled 4 percent

of all college students (table 244). While 13 percent of the

campuses enrolled 10,000 or more students, they accounted

for 59 percent of total college enrollment. 

In 2009, the five postsecondary institutions with the highest enrollment were University of Phoenix, Online Campus,

with 380,232 students; Kaplan University, with 71,011 students; Arizona State University, with 68,064 students;

Miami-Dade College, with 59,120 students; and Ohio State

University, with 55,014 (table 246). 

Faculty, Staff, and Salaries

Approximately 3.7 million people were employed in colleges and universities in fall 2009, including 2.8 million professional and 0.9 million nonprofessional staff (table 255).

In fall 2009, there were 1.4 million faculty members in

degree-granting institutions, including 0.7 million full-time

and 0.7 million part-time faculty. The proportion of executive, administrative, and managerial staff was 6 percent in

2009, compared to 5 percent in 1976 (table 254). The proportion of other non-teaching professional staff rose from

10 percent in 1976 to 21 percent in 2009, while the proportion of nonprofessional staff (including technical and paraprofessional, clerical and secretarial, skilled crafts, and

service and maintenance staff) declined from 42 percent to

25 percent. The full-time-equivalent (FTE) student/FTE

staff ratio at colleges and universities was about the same in

2009 as in 1976 (5.4 in both years). The FTE student/FTE

faculty ratio was lower in 2009 (16.0) than in 1976 (16.6).

Colleges and universities differ in their practices of

employing part-time and full-time staff. In fall 2009, some

47 percent of the employees at public 2-year colleges were

employed full time, compared with 68 percent at public

4-year colleges and universities, 67 percent at private 4-year

colleges and universities, and 65 percent at private 2-year

colleges (table 255). A higher percentage of the faculty at

public 4-year colleges and universities were employed full

time (68 percent) than at private 4-year colleges and universities (48 percent), private 2-year colleges (44 percent), or

public 2-year colleges (30 percent). In general, the number

of full-time staff has been growing at a slower rate than the

number of part-time staff (table 253). Between 1999 and

2009, the number of full-time staff increased by 24 percent,

compared to an increase of 39 percent in the number of parttime staff. Most of the increase in the part-time staff was

due to the increase in the number of part-time faculty (63

percent) and graduate assistants (43 percent) during this

time period. 

In fall 2009, some 7 percent of college and university

faculty were Black (based on a faculty count that excludes

persons whose race/ethnicity was unknown), 6 percent were

Asian/Pacific Islander, 4 percent were Hispanic, and 1 percent were American Indian/Alaska Native (table 256).

About 79 percent of all faculty were White; 42 percent were

White males and 37 percent were White females. Staff who

were Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or American

Indian/Alaska Native made up about 19 percent of executive, administrative, and managerial staff in 2009 and about

33 percent of nonprofessional staff. The proportion of total

staff made up of Blacks, Hispanics, Asians/Pacific Island-
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 283

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

ers, and American Indians/Alaska Natives was similar at

public 4-year colleges (23 percent), private 4-year colleges

(22 percent), and public 2-year colleges (23 percent), but

the proportion at private 2-year colleges (31 percent) was

slightly higher.

On average, full-time instructional faculty and staff spent

58 percent of their time teaching in 2003 (table 261).

Research and scholarship accounted for 20 percent of their

time, and 22 percent was spent on other activities (administration, professional growth, etc.). 

Faculty salaries generally lost purchasing power in the

period from 1970–71 to 1980–81, during which average salaries for faculty on 9-month contracts declined by 16 percent after adjustment for inflation (table 267). During the

1980s, average salaries rose and recouped most of the

losses. Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, there was a further increase in average faculty salaries, resulting in an

average salary in 2009–10 that was about 8 percent higher

than the average salary in 1970–71, after adjustment for

inflation. The average salary in current dollars for males in

2009–10 ($80,885) was higher than the average salary for

females ($66,653). Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, the

average salary for males increased by 5 percent and the

average salary for females increased by 6 percent, after

adjustment for inflation.

The percentage of faculty with tenure has declined in

recent years. Of those faculty at institutions with tenure systems, about 49 percent of full-time instructional faculty had

tenure in 2009–10, compared with 56 percent in 1993–94

(table 274). Also, the percentage of institutions with tenure

systems in 2009–10 (48 percent) was lower than in 1993–94

(63 percent). Part of this change was due to the expansion in

the number of for-profit institutions, relatively few of which

have tenure systems (1.5 percent in 2009–10). At institutions

with tenure systems, a difference was observed between

males and females in the percentage of full-time instructional faculty having tenure. Fifty-five percent of males had

tenure in 2009–10, compared with 41 percent of females.

About 51 percent of full-time instructional faculty had tenure at public and private for-profit institutions with tenure

systems, compared with 44 percent at private not-for-profit

institutions with tenure systems in 2009–10. 

Degrees

During the 2009–10 academic year, 4,495 accredited

institutions offered degrees at the associate’s degree level

or above (table 276). These included 1,672 public institutions, 1,624 private not-for-profit institutions, and 1,199

private for-profit institutions. Of the 4,495 institutions,

2,774 awarded degrees at the bachelor’s or higher level,

and 1,721 offered associate’s degrees as their highest

award. Institutions awarding various degrees in 2008–09

numbered 2,786 for associate’s degrees, 2,348 for bachelor’s degrees, 1,777 for master’s degrees, and 737 for doctor’s degrees (table 289). 

Growing numbers of people are completing college

degrees. Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, the number of

associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, first-professional, and doctor’s degrees that were conferred rose (table 279). During

this period, associate’s degrees increased by 41 percent,

bachelor’s degrees increased by 33 percent, master’s

degrees increased by 49 percent, first-professional degrees

increased by 17 percent, and doctor’s degrees increased by

54 percent. Since the mid-1980s, more females than males

have earned associate’s, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees. In

2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09, the number of females

earning doctor’s degrees exceeded the number of males.

Also, the number of females receiving degrees has increased

at a faster rate than the number of males. Between 1998–99

and 2008–09, the number of bachelor’s degrees awarded to

males increased by 32 percent, while the number awarded to

females increased by 34 percent. The number of males earning doctor’s degrees rose 28 percent between 1998–99 and

2008–09, while the number of females earning doctor’s

degrees rose 87 percent. In addition to degrees awarded at

the associate’s and higher levels, 806,000 certificates were

awarded by postsecondary institutions participating in federal Title IV financial aid programs in 2008–09 (table 292).

Of the 1,601,000 bachelor’s degrees conferred in 2008–09,

the greatest numbers of degrees were conferred in the fields

of business (348,000); social sciences and history (169,000);

health sciences (120,000); and education (102,000) (table

282). At the master’s degree level, the greatest numbers of

degrees were conferred in the fields of education (179,000)

and business (168,000) (table 283). At the doctor’s degree

level, the greatest number of degrees were conferred in the

fields of health professions and related clinical sciences

(12,100); education (9,000); engineering (7,900); biological

and biomedical sciences (7,000); psychology (5,500); and

physical sciences (5,000) (table 284). 

In recent years, the numbers of bachelor’s degrees conferred have followed patterns that differed significantly by

field of study. While the number of degrees conferred

increased by 33 percent overall between 1998–99 and

2008–09, there was substantial variation among the different

fields of study, as well as shifts in the patterns of change during this time period (table 282). The number of bachelor’s

degrees conferred in the combined fields of engineering and

engineering technologies increased 8 percent between

1998–99 and 2003–04, and then increased a further 8 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09 (table 282 and

figure 15). In contrast, the number of degrees conferred in

the health professions declined by 13 percent between

1998–99 and 2003–04, but then rose 63 percent between

2003–04 and 2008–09. Similarly, the number of degrees

conferred in biological sciences was 5 percent lower in

2003–04 than in 1998–99, but then increased by 31 percent

between 2003–04 and 2008–09; and the number conferred in

the physical sciences was 2 percent lower in 2003–04 than in

1998–99, but then increased by 25 percent between 2003–04

and 2008–09. Some technical fields experienced a contrasting pattern. After an increase of 95 percent between
284 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1998–99 and 2003–04, the number of degrees conferred in

computer and information sciences decreased by 36 percent

between 2003–04 and 2008–09. Other fields with sizable

numbers of degrees (over 5,000 in 2003–04) that showed

increases of over 30 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09

included security and protective services (48 percent) and

parks, recreation, and leisure studies (43 percent).

Approximately 57 percent of first-time students seeking a

bachelor’s degree or its equivalent and attending a 4-year

institution full time in 2002 completed a bachelor’s degree or

its equivalent at that institution within 6 years (table 341).

This graduation rate was calculated as the total number of

completers within the specified time to degree attainment

divided by the cohort of students who first enrolled at that

institution in the 2002–03 academic year. Graduation rates

were higher at private not-for-profit institutions than at public

or private for-profit institutions. The 6-year graduation rate

for the 2002 cohort at private not-for-profit institutions was

65 percent, compared with 55 percent at public institutions

and 22 percent at private for-profit institutions. Graduation

rates also varied by race/ethnicity. At 4-year institutions

overall, the 6-year graduation rate for Asians/Pacific Islanders in the 2002 cohort was 67 percent, compared with 60 percent for Whites, 49 percent for Hispanics, 40 percent for

Blacks, and 38 percent for American Indians/Alaska Natives. 

Finances and Financial Aid

For the 2009–10 academic year, annual prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board were estimated to be

$12,804 at public institutions and $32,184 at private institutions (table 345). Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, prices

for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institutions rose 37 percent, and prices at private institutions rose

25 percent, after adjustment for inflation. 

In 2007–08, about 80 percent of full-time undergraduate

students received financial aid (grants, loans, work-study, or

aid of multiple types) (table 349). About 63 percent of fulltime undergraduates received federal financial aid in

2007–08, and 63 percent received aid from nonfederal

sources. (Some students receive aid from both federal and

nonfederal sources.) Section 484(r) of the Higher Education

Act of 1965, as amended, suspends a student’s eligibility for

Title IV federal financial aid if the student is convicted of

certain drug-related offenses that were committed while the

student was receiving Title IV aid. Less than 0.1 percent of

postsecondary students had their eligibility to receive aid

suspended for 2009–10 (table C).

In 2008–09, average total expenditures per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student at public degree-granting colleges were

$27,135 (table 373). This total reflects an increase of about 6

percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09, after adjustment for

inflation. In 2008–09, public 4-year colleges had average total

expenditures per FTE student of $36,707, compared with

$12,153 at public 2-year colleges. At private not-for-profit

colleges, total expenditures per FTE student rose 16 percent

between 1998–99 and 2008–09, after adjustment for inflation

(table 375). In 2008–09, total expenditures per FTE student at

private not-for-profit colleges were $45,853; they averaged

$46,080 at 4-year colleges and $19,129 at 2-year colleges. The

expenditures per FTE student at private for-profit institutions

were $12,848 in 2008–09, which was about 1 percent higher

than in 1999–2000, after adjustment for inflation (table 377).

The difference between average expenditures per FTE student

at private for-profit 4-year colleges ($12,654) and private forprofit 2-year colleges ($13,498) was relatively small compared to the differences between 2-year and 4-year public and

private not-for-profit colleges. 

As of June 30, 2009, the market value of the endowment

funds of colleges and universities was $326 billion, reflecting

a decrease of 21 percent compared to 2008, when the total

was $413 billion. In 2009, the 120 colleges with the largest

endowments accounted for $243 billion, or about threefourths of the national total (table 372). The five colleges

with the largest endowments in 2009 were Harvard University ($26 billion), Yale University ($16 billion), Princeton

University ($13 billion), Stanford University ($13 billion),

and the University of Texas System ($11 billion). 

Table C. Postsecondary students denied access to Title IV financial 

aid because eligibility was suspended due to a drug-related 

conviction: 2009–10

Suspension status

Number of

applications

Percentage

distribution

Total........................................................................... 19,490,666 100.00

No suspension of eligibility............................................ 19,487,370 99.98

Suspension of eligibility

For part of award year (suspension ends during year) 666 #

For full award year

Due to conviction.................................................... 1,751 0.01

Due to failure to report conviction status on aid 

application form................................................. 879 #

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: It is not possible to determine whether a student who lost eligibility due

to a drug conviction otherwise would have received Title IV aid, since there are

other reasons why an applicant may not receive aid. Detail may not sum to

totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Federal Student Aid, Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), unpublished data.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 285

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 11. Enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in degree-granting institutions: Fall 1960 through fall 2009 and 

1960–61 through 2009–10

School year beginning

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

0

5

10

15

20

25

School year beginning

Fall enrollment, in millions

Public institutions Total

Private institutions

School year beginning

Degrees, in millions

1960

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Bachelor’s

Master’s

Doctor’s

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

0

50

100

150

200

250

$300

Total expenditures, in billions of constant 2008–09 dollars

Public institutions Private institutions

NOTE: Expenditure data for school years 2008 and 2009 (2008–09 and 2009–10) are estimated. Degree data for school year 2009 are projected.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1960 through 1965; Financial Statistics of Higher Education, 1959–60 through 1964–65; Earned Degrees Conferred, 1959–60 through 1964–65; Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education,” 1966 through 1985, “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred,” 1965–66 through 1985–86, and “Financial Statistics of

Institutions of Higher Education,” 1965–66 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDSEF:86–99), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), “Finance Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY87–99), Fall 2000 through Fall 2009, and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010.
286 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 12. Percentage change in total enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by state: Fall 2003 to fall 2008

AK

WA

MT ND 

OR

ID 

WY 

SD

UT

CA

NV

CO

KS

NE

AZ NM OK 

MN

IA

MO 

AR

TN NC

LA

FL

MS AL GA

WI

IL

KY

IN OH

WV

PA

NY

VA

ME

VT

NH 

MA 

CT 

SC

MI

HI 

RI 

NJ 

TX

DC 

MD 

DE 

Increase of less than 10 percent

Increase of 15 percent, but less than 25 percent

Percent change

Decrease

Increase of 25 percent or more

Increase of 10 percent, but less than 15 percent

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2003 and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2004 and Spring 2009.

Figure 13. Enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by age: Fall 1970 through fall 2019

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Enrollment, in millions

School year

Projected

Under 25 years old

25 years old and over

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education” surveys, 1970 through 1985; 1986 through 2010 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010;

and Projections of Education Statistics to 2019.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 287

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 14. Ratio of full-time-equivalent (FTE) students to total FTE staff and to FTE faculty, by control of institution: 1999 

and 2009

All institutions,

total staff

All institutions,

faculty

Public 

institutions,

total staff

Public 

institutions,

faculty

Private 

institutions,

total staff

Private 

institutions,

faculty

4.8

5.4

14.9

16.0

5.2

5.8

15.8

17.3

4.0

4.7

12.8

13.7

FTE students per FTE staff member

1999 2009

0

5

10

15

20

Control of institution and type of staff

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,1999 and 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:99), and

Winter 2009–10.

Figure 15. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions in selected fields of study: 1998–99, 2003–04, and 2008–09

Visual and performing arts

Social sciences and history

Psychology

Health professions and related

clinical sciences

Engineering and engineering

technologies

Education

Computer and information sciences

Communications, journalism, and

 communications technologies

Business

Biological and biomedical sciences

Field of study

0 50,000 100,000 150,000

Number of bachelor’s degrees

200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000

1998−99

2003−04

2008−09

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1998–99, 2003–04, and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions

Survey” (IPEDS-C:98–99), and Fall 2004 and Fall 2009.
288 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 16. Percentage distribution of total revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of funds: 2008–09

Federal government, 15.7%

State governments, 30.9%

Local governments, 7.4%

Tuition and fees, 19.4%

Auxiliary enterprises, 8.0%

Hospitals, 10.2%

Investment return, gifts, and other, 8.5%

Total revenues = $267.4 billion

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010.

Figure 17. Revenue per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student at private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds: 

1999–2000 and 2008–09 

Other

Hospitals

Auxiliary enterprises

Educational activities

Investment return

Private sources

Local governments

State governments

Federal government

Tuition and fees

Total

−$30,000 −20,000 −10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

1,726

2,217

4,802

3,600

4,398

4,154

1,554

1,431

−20,828

18,860

5,733

8,235

186

290

589

558

6,820

6,089

17,422

14,809

22,404

60,242

Source of funds

Revenue per FTE student, in constant 2008−09 dollars

1999−2000

2008−09

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1999–2000 and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2001

and Spring 2010.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 289

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Enrollment

†Not applicable.

1Includes degree-granting and non-degree-granting institutions. 

2Data are for degree-granting institutions, which grant associate’s or higher degrees and

participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

3Data are for institutions that did not offer accredited 4-year or 2-year degree programs, but

were participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes some schools with

nonaccredited degree programs.

4Ratios based on fall 2008 enrollment.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008,

2009, and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter

2009–10, Spring 2009, and Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 195. Enrollment, staff, and degrees conferred in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by type and control of 

institution, sex of student, type of staff, and type of degree: Fall 2008, fall 2009, and 2008–09

Selected characteristic

All Title IV

participating

institutions1

Degree-granting institutions2 Non-degree-granting institutions3

Total Public

Private

Total Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit For-profit Total Not-for-profit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Enrollment, fall 2008

Total.......................................... 19,574,395 19,102,814 13,972,153 5,130,661 3,661,519 1,469,142 471,581 119,956 351,625 23,204 328,421

4-year institutions.............................. 12,131,855 12,131,436 7,331,809 4,799,627 3,626,168 1,173,459 419 40 379 379 0

Males ............................................ 5,253,105 5,253,011 3,276,762 1,976,249 1,542,869 433,380 94 13 81 81 0

Females ........................................ 6,878,750 6,878,425 4,055,047 2,823,378 2,083,299 740,079 325 27 298 298 0

2-year institutions.............................. 7,100,631 6,971,378 6,640,344 331,034 35,351 295,683 129,253 52,841 76,412 11,004 65,408

Males ............................................ 2,992,111 2,935,884 2,823,753 112,131 12,111 100,020 56,227 27,878 28,349 2,684 25,665

Females ........................................ 4,108,520 4,035,494 3,816,591 218,903 23,240 195,663 73,026 24,963 48,063 8,320 39,743

Less-than-2-year institutions............. 341,909 † † † † † 341,909 67,075 274,834 11,821 263,013

Males ............................................ 94,279 † † † † † 94,279 27,977 66,302 4,134 62,168

Females ........................................ 247,630 † † † † † 247,630 39,098 208,532 7,687 200,845

Staff, fall 2009

Total.......................................... 3,794,500 3,723,419 2,442,076 1,281,343 1,073,417 207,926 71,081 21,599 49,482 5,087 44,395

Professional staff .............................. 2,838,017 2,782,149 1,804,718 977,431 797,291 180,140 55,868 16,203 39,665 3,772 35,893

Administrative ............................... 239,957 230,579 112,182 118,397 99,043 19,354 9,378 1,257 8,121 634 7,487

Faculty .......................................... 1,476,775 1,439,144 913,679 525,465 408,561 116,904 37,631 13,266 24,365 2,442 21,923

Graduate assistants...................... 342,393 342,393 275,872 66,521 66,252 2690000 0

Other professionals....................... 778,892 770,033 502,985 267,048 223,435 43,613 8,859 1,680 7,179 696 6,483

Nonprofessional staff........................ 956,483 941,270 637,358 303,912 276,126 27,786 15,213 5,396 9,817 1,315 8,502

Student/staff ratio4 ............................ 5.2 5.1 5.7 4.0 3.4 7.1 6.6 5.6 7.1 4.6 7.4

Degrees conferred, 2008–09

Less-than-2-year awards and 2- to 

4-year awards ............................. 805,755 501,656 360,593 141,063 13,915 127,148 304,099 68,134 235,965 18,110 217,855

4-year institutions.......................... 58,372 58,298 27,488 30,810 9,917 20,893 74 0 74 74 0

Males ........................................ 22,745 22,728 13,561 9,167 4,111 5,056 17 0 17 17 0

Females .................................... 35,627 35,570 13,927 21,643 5,806 15,837 57 0 57 57 0

2-year institutions.......................... 518,686 443,358 333,105 110,253 3,998 106,255 75,328 32,532 42,796 4,972 37,824

Males ........................................ 218,367 186,210 155,111 31,099 1,889 29,210 32,157 14,937 17,220 1,301 15,919

Females .................................... 300,319 257,148 177,994 79,154 2,109 77,045 43,171 17,595 25,576 3,671 21,905

Less-than-2-year institutions......... 228,697 † † † † † 228,697 35,602 193,095 13,064 180,031

Males ........................................ 61,503 † † † † † 61,503 14,495 47,008 5,186 41,822

Females .................................... 167,194 † † † † † 167,194 21,107 146,087 7,878 138,209

Associate’s degrees.......................... 787,466 787,325 596,098 191,227 46,929 144,298 141 9 132 0 132

4-year institutions.......................... 213,888 213,888 87,284 126,604 40,566 86,038 0 0 0 0 0

Males ........................................ 81,082 81,082 33,803 47,279 15,255 32,024 0 0 0 0 0

Females .................................... 132,806 132,806 53,481 79,325 25,311 54,014 0 0 0 0 0

2-year institutions.......................... 573,556 573,437 508,814 64,623 6,363 58,260 119 9 110 0 110

Males ........................................ 217,165 217,059 191,401 25,658 1,911 23,747 106 4 102 0 102

Females .................................... 356,391 356,378 317,413 38,965 4,452 34,513 13 5 8 0 8

Less-than-2-year institutions......... 22 † † † † † 22 0 22 0 22

Males ........................................ 5 † † † † † 5 0 5 0 5

Females .................................... 17 † † † † † 17 0 17 0 17

Bachelor’s degrees ........................... 1,601,368 1,601,368 1,020,435 580,933 496,260 84,673 0 0 0 0 0

Males ............................................ 685,382 685,382 444,431 240,951 204,320 36,631 0 0 0 0 0

Females ........................................ 915,986 915,986 576,004 339,982 291,940 48,042 0 0 0 0 0

Master’s degrees .............................. 656,784 656,784 308,206 348,578 285,098 63,480 0 0 0 0 0

Males ............................................ 259,998 259,998 122,893 137,105 114,538 22,567 0 0 0 0 0

Females ........................................ 396,786 396,786 185,313 211,473 170,560 40,913 0 0 0 0 0

First-professional degrees ................ 92,004 92,004 37,357 54,647 53,572 1,075 0 0 0 0 0

Males ............................................ 46,900 46,900 18,046 28,854 28,259 595 0 0 0 0 0

Females ........................................ 45,104 45,104 19,311 25,793 25,313 480 0 0 0 0 0

Doctor’s degrees............................... 67,716 67,716 39,911 27,805 25,169 2,636 0 0 0 0 0

Males ............................................ 32,279 32,279 20,007 12,272 11,391 881 0 0 0 0 0

Females ........................................ 35,437 35,437 19,904 15,533 13,778 1,755 0 0 0 0 0
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 1Prior to 1979–80, excludes branch campuses. 2Total number of different individuals (not reduced to full-time equivalent). Beginning in 1959–60, data are for the first term of the

academic year.

3Estimated. 4Estimated number of senior instructional staff based on actual enrollment data for the designated year and enrollment/staff ratiosfor the prior staff survey. Excludes graduate assistants.5Because of revised survey procedures, data may not be directly comparable with figures prior to 1989–90. Estimated number ofsenior instructional staff based on actual enrollment data for the designated year and enrollment/staff ratios for the prior staff survey. Excludes graduate assistants.6Data for 1869–70 to 1939–40 are for resident degree-credit students who enrolled at any time during the academic year. 7From 1869–70 to 1959–60, first-professional degrees are included under bachelor’s degrees.8Figures for years prior to 1969–70 are not precisely comparable with later data. 9Includes unexpended plant funds. 10Book value. Includes other nonexpendable funds. 

NOTE: Data through 1989–90 are for institutions of higher education, while later granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV ing classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it 

higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisStates; Education Directory, Colleges and Universities; Faculty and Other ProfessEnrollment in Colleges and Universities; Earned Degrees Conferred; Financial SEducation General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions oAwards Conferred,” and “Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education” secondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:89–99Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY90–00), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:90–00), “InstitutWinter 2005–06, Winter 2007–08, Spring 2006, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 20

pared September 2010.) 

Table 196. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in degree-granting institutions: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2008–09Selected characteristic 1869–70 1879–80 1889–90 1899–1900 1909–10 1919–20 1929–30 1939–40 1949–50 1959–60 1969–70 1979–80 1989–90 1999–2001 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1Total institutions1............... 563 811 998 977 951 1,041 1,409 1,708 1,851 2,004 2,525 3,152 3,535 4,084 

Total faculty2...................... 5,553 3 11,522 3 15,809 23,868 36,480 48,615 82,386 146,929 246,722 380,554 450,000 4 675,000 4 824,220 5 1,027,830 

Males............................ 4,887 3 7,328 3 12,704 3 19,151 29,132 35,807 60,017 106,328 186,189 296,773 346,000 4 479,000 4 534,254 5 602,469 Females........................ 666 3 4,194 3 3,105 3 4,717 7,348 12,808 22,369 40,601 60,533 83,781 104,000 4 196,000 4 289,966 5 425,361 

Total fall enrollment6......... 52,286 115,817 156,756 237,592 355,213 597,880 1,100,737 1,494,203 2,444,900 3,639,847 8,004,660 11,569,899 13,538,560 14,791,224 

Males............................ 41,160 3 77,972 3 100,453 3 152,254 214,648 3 314,938 619,935 893,250 1,721,572 2,332,617 4,746,201 5,682,877 6,190,015 6,490,646 

Females........................ 11,126 3 37,845 3 56,303 3 85,338 140,565 3 282,942 480,802 600,953 723,328 1,307,230 3,258,459 5,887,022 7,348,545 8,300,578 

Earned degrees 

conferred

Associate’s, total............... — — — — — — — — — — 206,023 400,910 455,102 564,933 

Males............................ — — — — — — — — — — 117,432 183,737 191,195 224,721 Females........................ — — — — — — — — — — 88,591 217,173 263,907 340,212 

Bachelor’s, total7............... 9,371 12,896 15,539 27,410 37,199 48,622 122,484 186,500 432,058 392,440 792,316 929,417 1,051,344 1,237,875 

Males............................ 7,993 10,411 12,857 22,173 28,762 31,980 73,615 109,546 328,841 254,063 451,097 473,611 491,696 530,367 Females........................ 1,378 2,485 2,682 5,237 8,437 16,642 48,869 76,954 103,217 138,377 341,219 455,806 559,648 707,508 

Master’s, total8.................. 0 879 1,015 1,583 2,113 4,279 14,969 26,731 58,183 74,435 208,291 298,081 324,301 457,056 

Males............................ 0 868 821 1,280 1,555 2,985 8,925 16,508 41,220 50,898 125,624 150,749 153,653 191,792 Females........................ 0 11 194 303 558 1,294 6,044 10,223 16,963 23,537 82,667 147,332 170,648 265,264 

First-professional, total7 ... — — — — — — — — — — 34,918 70,131 70,988 80,057 

Males............................ — — — — — — — — — — 33,077 52,716 43,961 44,239 Females........................ — — — — — — — — — — 1,841 17,415 27,027 35,818 

Doctor’s, total.................... 1 54 149 382 443 615 2,299 3,290 6,420 9,829 29,866 32,615 38,371 44,808 

Males............................ 1 51 147 359 399 522 1,946 2,861 5,804 8,801 25,890 22,943 24,401 25,028 Females........................ 0 3 2 23 44 93 353 429 616 1,028 3,976 9,672 13,970 19,780 

In thousands of current dollars

FinancesCurrent-fund revenue....... — — — — $76,883 $199,922 $554,511 $715,211 $2,374,645 $5,785,537 $21,515,242 $58,519,982 $139,635,477 — 

Educational and general 

income....................... — — $21,464 $35,084 67,917 172,929 483,065 571,288 1,833,845 4,688,352 16,486,177 — — — 

Current-fund 

expenditures.............. — — — — — — 507,142 674,688 2,245,661 5,601,376 21,043,113 56,913,588 134,655,571 — 

Educational and general 

expenditures.............. — — — — — — 377,903 521,990 1,706,444 4,685,258 16,845,212 44,542,843 105,585,076 — 

Value of physical property — — 95,426 253,599 457,594 747,333 2,065,049 2,753,780 9 4,799,964 13,548,548 42,093,580 83,733,387 164,635,000 — Market value of 

endowment funds..... — — 78,788 10 194,998 10 323,661 10 569,071 10 1,372,068 10 1,686,283 10 2,601,223 10 5,322,080 10 11,206,632 20,743,045 67,978,726 — 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 291

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Degree-credit enrollment only.

2Includes part-time resident students and all extension students (students attending courses at

sites separate from the primary reporting campus). In later years, part-time student enrollment

was collected as a distinct category.

3Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission

of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology.

4Because of imputation techniques, data are not consistent with figures for other years.

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges

and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A:

Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial

Survey of Education in the United States; Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1963

through 1965; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1966 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring

2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 197. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: Selected years, 

1947 through 2009

Year

Total

enrollment

Attendance status Sex of student Control of institution

Full-time Part-time

Percent

part-time Male Female

Percent

female Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

19471 ............................... 2,338,226 — — — 1,659,249 678,977 29.0 1,152,377 1,185,849 — —

19481 ............................... 2,403,396 — — — 1,709,367 694,029 28.9 1,185,588 1,217,808 — —

19491 ............................... 2,444,900 — — — 1,721,572 723,328 29.6 1,207,151 1,237,749 — —

19501 ............................... 2,281,298 — — — 1,560,392 720,906 31.6 1,139,699 1,141,599 — —

19511 ............................... 2,101,962 — — — 1,390,740 711,222 33.8 1,037,938 1,064,024 — —

19521 ............................... 2,134,242 — — — 1,380,357 753,885 35.3 1,101,240 1,033,002 — —

19531 ............................... 2,231,054 — — — 1,422,598 808,456 36.2 1,185,876 1,045,178 — —

19541 ............................... 2,446,693 — — — 1,563,382 883,311 36.1 1,353,531 1,093,162 — —

19551 ............................... 2,653,034 — — — 1,733,184 919,850 34.7 1,476,282 1,176,752 — —

19561 ............................... 2,918,212 — — — 1,911,458 1,006,754 34.5 1,656,402 1,261,810 — —

1957................................. 3,323,783 — — — 2,170,765 1,153,018 34.7 1,972,673 1,351,110 — —

1959................................. 3,639,847 2,421,016 1,218,831 2 33.5 2,332,617 1,307,230 35.9 2,180,982 1,458,865 — —

1961................................. 4,145,065 2,785,133 1,359,932 2 32.8 2,585,821 1,559,244 37.6 2,561,447 1,583,618 — —

1963................................. 4,779,609 3,183,833 1,595,776 2 33.4 2,961,540 1,818,069 38.0 3,081,279 1,698,330 — —

1964................................. 5,280,020 3,573,238 1,706,782 2 32.3 3,248,713 2,031,307 38.5 3,467,708 1,812,312 — —

1965................................. 5,920,864 4,095,728 1,825,136 2 30.8 3,630,020 2,290,844 38.7 3,969,596 1,951,268 — —

1966................................. 6,389,872 4,438,606 1,951,266 2 30.5 3,856,216 2,533,656 39.7 4,348,917 2,040,955 — —

1967................................. 6,911,748 4,793,128 2,118,620 2 30.7 4,132,800 2,778,948 40.2 4,816,028 2,095,720 2,074,041 21,679

1968................................. 7,513,091 5,210,155 2,302,936 30.7 4,477,649 3,035,442 40.4 5,430,652 2,082,439 2,061,211 21,228

1969................................. 8,004,660 5,498,883 2,505,777 31.3 4,746,201 3,258,459 40.7 5,896,868 2,107,792 2,087,653 20,139

1970................................. 8,580,887 5,816,290 2,764,597 32.2 5,043,642 3,537,245 41.2 6,428,134 2,152,753 2,134,420 18,333

1971................................. 8,948,644 6,077,232 2,871,412 32.1 5,207,004 3,741,640 41.8 6,804,309 2,144,335 2,121,913 22,422

1972................................. 9,214,860 6,072,389 3,142,471 34.1 5,238,757 3,976,103 43.1 7,070,635 2,144,225 2,123,245 20,980

1973................................. 9,602,123 6,189,493 3,412,630 35.5 5,371,052 4,231,071 44.1 7,419,516 2,182,607 2,148,784 33,823

1974................................. 10,223,729 6,370,273 3,853,456 37.7 5,622,429 4,601,300 45.0 7,988,500 2,235,229 2,200,963 34,266

1975................................. 11,184,859 6,841,334 4,343,525 38.8 6,148,997 5,035,862 45.0 8,834,508 2,350,351 2,311,448 38,903

1976................................. 11,012,137 6,717,058 4,295,079 39.0 5,810,828 5,201,309 47.2 8,653,477 2,358,660 2,314,298 44,362

1977................................. 11,285,787 6,792,925 4,492,862 39.8 5,789,016 5,496,771 48.7 8,846,993 2,438,794 2,386,652 52,142

1978................................. 11,260,092 6,667,657 4,592,435 40.8 5,640,998 5,619,094 49.9 8,785,893 2,474,199 2,408,331 65,868

1979................................. 11,569,899 6,794,039 4,775,860 41.3 5,682,877 5,887,022 50.9 9,036,822 2,533,077 2,461,773 71,304

1980................................. 12,096,895 7,097,958 4,998,937 41.3 5,874,374 6,222,521 51.4 9,457,394 2,639,501 2,527,787 111,714 3

1981................................. 12,371,672 7,181,250 5,190,422 42.0 5,975,056 6,396,616 51.7 9,647,032 2,724,640 2,572,405 152,235 3

1982................................. 12,425,780 7,220,618 5,205,162 41.9 6,031,384 6,394,396 51.5 9,696,087 2,729,693 2,552,739 176,954 3

1983................................. 12,464,661 7,261,050 5,203,611 41.7 6,023,725 6,440,936 51.7 9,682,734 2,781,927 2,589,187 192,740

1984................................. 12,241,940 7,098,388 5,143,552 42.0 5,863,574 6,378,366 52.1 9,477,370 2,764,570 2,574,419 190,151

1985................................. 12,247,055 7,075,221 5,171,834 42.2 5,818,450 6,428,605 52.5 9,479,273 2,767,782 2,571,791 195,991

1986................................. 12,503,511 7,119,550 5,383,961 43.1 5,884,515 6,618,996 52.9 9,713,893 2,789,618 2,572,479 217,139 4

1987................................. 12,766,642 7,231,085 5,535,557 43.4 5,932,056 6,834,586 53.5 9,973,254 2,793,388 2,602,350 191,038 4

1988................................. 13,055,337 7,436,768 5,618,569 43.0 6,001,896 7,053,441 54.0 10,161,388 2,893,949 2,673,567 220,382

1989................................. 13,538,560 7,660,950 5,877,610 43.4 6,190,015 7,348,545 54.3 10,577,963 2,960,597 2,731,174 229,423

1990................................. 13,818,637 7,820,985 5,997,652 43.4 6,283,909 7,534,728 54.5 10,844,717 2,973,920 2,760,227 213,693

1991................................. 14,358,953 8,115,329 6,243,624 43.5 6,501,844 7,857,109 54.7 11,309,563 3,049,390 2,819,041 230,349

1992................................. 14,487,359 8,162,118 6,325,241 43.7 6,523,989 7,963,370 55.0 11,384,567 3,102,792 2,872,523 230,269

1993................................. 14,304,803 8,127,618 6,177,185 43.2 6,427,450 7,877,353 55.1 11,189,088 3,115,715 2,888,897 226,818

1994................................. 14,278,790 8,137,776 6,141,014 43.0 6,371,898 7,906,892 55.4 11,133,680 3,145,110 2,910,107 235,003

1995................................. 14,261,781 8,128,802 6,132,979 43.0 6,342,539 7,919,242 55.5 11,092,374 3,169,407 2,929,044 240,363

1996................................. 14,367,520 8,302,953 6,064,567 42.2 6,352,825 8,014,695 55.8 11,120,499 3,247,021 2,942,556 304,465

1997................................. 14,502,334 8,438,062 6,064,272 41.8 6,396,028 8,106,306 55.9 11,196,119 3,306,215 2,977,614 328,601

1998................................. 14,506,967 8,563,338 5,943,629 41.0 6,369,265 8,137,702 56.1 11,137,769 3,369,198 3,004,925 364,273

1999................................. 14,791,224 8,786,494 6,004,730 40.6 6,490,646 8,300,578 56.1 11,309,399 3,481,825 3,051,626 430,199

2000................................. 15,312,289 9,009,600 6,302,689 41.2 6,721,769 8,590,520 56.1 11,752,786 3,559,503 3,109,419 450,084

2001................................. 15,927,987 9,447,502 6,480,485 40.7 6,960,815 8,967,172 56.3 12,233,156 3,694,831 3,167,330 527,501

2002................................. 16,611,711 9,946,359 6,665,352 40.1 7,202,116 9,409,595 56.6 12,751,993 3,859,718 3,265,476 594,242

2003................................. 16,911,481 10,326,133 6,585,348 38.9 7,260,264 9,651,217 57.1 12,858,698 4,052,783 3,341,048 711,735

2004................................. 17,272,044 10,610,177 6,661,867 38.6 7,387,262 9,884,782 57.2 12,980,112 4,291,932 3,411,685 880,247

2005................................. 17,487,475 10,797,011 6,690,464 38.3 7,455,925 10,031,550 57.4 13,021,834 4,465,641 3,454,692 1,010,949

2006................................. 17,758,870 10,957,305 6,801,565 38.3 7,574,815 10,184,055 57.3 13,180,133 4,578,737 3,512,866 1,065,871

2007................................. 18,248,128 11,269,892 6,978,236 38.2 7,815,914 10,432,214 57.2 13,490,780 4,757,348 3,571,150 1,186,198

2008................................. 19,102,814 11,747,743 7,355,071 38.5 8,188,895 10,913,919 57.1 13,972,153 5,130,661 3,661,519 1,469,142

2009................................. 20,427,711 12,722,782 7,704,929 37.7 8,769,504 11,658,207 57.1 14,810,642 5,617,069 3,765,083 1,851,986
292 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Data for 2-year branch campuses of 4-year institutions are included with the 4-year

institutions. 

2Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 

3Because of imputation techniques, data are not consistent with figures for other years.

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting

classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes

more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant

degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been

revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1965; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education” surveys,

1966 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data

System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring

2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 198. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: 1963 through 2009

Year

All institutions Public institutions Private institutions

Total

4-year

2-year Total

4-year

2-year Total

4-year

Total University 2-year

Other

4-year Total University

Other

4-year Total University

Other

4-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

19631 .................... 4,779,609 3,929,248 — — 850,361 3,081,279 2,341,468 — — 739,811 1,698,330 1,587,780 — — 110,550

19641 .................... 5,280,020 4,291,094 — — 988,926 3,467,708 2,592,929 — — 874,779 1,812,312 1,698,165 — — 114,147

19651 .................... 5,920,864 4,747,912 — — 1,172,952 3,969,596 2,928,332 — — 1,041,264 1,951,268 1,819,580 — — 131,688

19661 .................... 6,389,872 5,063,902 — — 1,325,970 4,348,917 3,159,748 — — 1,189,169 2,040,955 1,904,154 — — 136,801

1967...................... 6,911,748 5,398,986 2,186,235 3,212,751 1,512,762 4,816,028 3,443,975 1,510,333 1,933,642 1,372,053 2,095,720 1,955,011 675,902 1,279,109 140,709

1968...................... 7,513,091 5,720,269 2,266,120 3,454,149 1,792,822 5,430,652 3,783,652 1,592,707 2,190,945 1,647,000 2,082,439 1,936,617 673,413 1,263,204 145,822

1969...................... 8,004,660 5,937,127 2,420,429 3,516,698 2,067,533 5,896,868 3,962,522 1,738,493 2,224,029 1,934,346 2,107,792 1,974,605 681,936 1,292,669 133,187

1970...................... 8,580,887 6,261,502 2,534,336 3,727,166 2,319,385 6,428,134 4,232,722 1,832,694 2,400,028 2,195,412 2,152,753 2,028,780 701,642 1,327,138 123,973

1971...................... 8,948,644 6,369,355 2,594,470 3,774,885 2,579,289 6,804,309 4,346,990 1,913,626 2,433,364 2,457,319 2,144,335 2,022,365 680,844 1,341,521 121,970

1972...................... 9,214,860 6,458,674 2,620,749 3,837,925 2,756,186 7,070,635 4,429,696 1,941,040 2,488,656 2,640,939 2,144,225 2,028,978 679,709 1,349,269 115,247

1973...................... 9,602,123 6,590,023 2,629,796 3,960,227 3,012,100 7,419,516 4,529,895 1,950,653 2,579,242 2,889,621 2,182,607 2,060,128 679,143 1,380,985 122,479

1974...................... 10,223,729 6,819,735 2,702,306 4,117,429 3,403,994 7,988,500 4,703,018 2,006,723 2,696,295 3,285,482 2,235,229 2,116,717 695,583 1,421,134 118,512

1975...................... 11,184,859 7,214,740 2,838,266 4,376,474 3,970,119 8,834,508 4,998,142 2,124,221 2,873,921 3,836,366 2,350,351 2,216,598 714,045 1,502,553 133,753

1976...................... 11,012,137 7,128,816 2,780,289 4,348,527 3,883,321 8,653,477 4,901,691 2,079,929 2,821,762 3,751,786 2,358,660 2,227,125 700,360 1,526,765 131,535

1977...................... 11,285,787 7,242,845 2,793,418 4,449,427 4,042,942 8,846,993 4,945,224 2,070,032 2,875,192 3,901,769 2,438,794 2,297,621 723,386 1,574,235 141,173

1978...................... 11,260,092 7,231,625 2,780,729 4,451,222 4,028,467 8,785,893 4,912,203 2,062,295 2,849,908 3,873,690 2,474,199 2,319,422 718,434 1,601,314 154,777

1979...................... 11,569,899 7,353,233 2,839,582 4,513,651 4,216,666 9,036,822 4,980,012 2,099,525 2,880,487 4,056,810 2,533,077 2,373,221 740,057 1,633,164 159,856

1980...................... 12,096,895 7,570,608 2,902,014 4,668,594 4,526,287 9,457,394 5,128,612 2,154,283 2,974,329 4,328,782 2,639,501 2,441,996 747,731 1,694,265 197,505 2

1981...................... 12,371,672 7,655,461 2,901,344 4,754,117 4,716,211 9,647,032 5,166,324 2,152,474 3,013,850 4,480,708 2,724,640 2,489,137 748,870 1,740,267 235,503 2

1982...................... 12,425,780 7,654,074 2,883,735 4,770,339 4,771,706 9,696,087 5,176,434 2,152,547 3,023,887 4,519,653 2,729,693 2,477,640 731,188 1,746,452 252,053 2

1983...................... 12,464,661 7,741,195 2,888,813 4,852,382 4,723,466 9,682,734 5,223,404 2,154,790 3,068,614 4,459,330 2,781,927 2,517,791 734,023 1,783,768 264,136

1984...................... 12,241,940 7,711,167 2,870,329 4,840,838 4,530,773 9,477,370 5,198,273 2,138,621 3,059,652 4,279,097 2,764,570 2,512,894 731,708 1,781,186 251,676

1985...................... 12,247,055 7,715,978 2,870,692 4,845,286 4,531,077 9,479,273 5,209,540 2,141,112 3,068,428 4,269,733 2,767,782 2,506,438 729,580 1,776,858 261,344

1986...................... 12,503,511 7,823,963 2,897,207 4,926,756 4,679,548 9,713,893 5,300,202 2,160,646 3,139,556 4,413,691 2,789,618 2,523,761 736,561 1,787,200 265,857 3

1987...................... 12,766,642 7,990,420 2,929,327 5,061,093 4,776,222 9,973,254 5,432,200 2,188,008 3,244,192 4,541,054 2,793,388 2,558,220 741,319 1,816,901 235,168 3

1988...................... 13,055,337 8,180,182 2,978,593 5,201,589 4,875,155 10,161,388 5,545,901 2,229,868 3,316,033 4,615,487 2,893,949 2,634,281 748,725 1,885,556 259,668

1989...................... 13,538,560 8,387,671 3,019,115 5,368,556 5,150,889 10,577,963 5,694,303 2,266,056 3,428,247 4,883,660 2,960,597 2,693,368 753,059 1,940,309 267,229

1990...................... 13,818,637 8,578,554 3,044,670 5,533,884 5,240,083 10,844,717 5,848,242 2,290,464 3,557,778 4,996,475 2,973,920 2,730,312 754,206 1,976,106 243,608

1991...................... 14,358,953 8,707,053 3,065,429 5,641,624 5,651,900 11,309,563 5,904,748 2,301,222 3,603,526 5,404,815 3,049,390 2,802,305 764,207 2,038,098 247,085

1992...................... 14,487,359 8,764,969 3,050,345 5,714,624 5,722,390 11,384,567 5,900,012 2,283,834 3,616,178 5,484,555 3,102,792 2,864,957 766,511 2,098,446 237,835

1993...................... 14,304,803 8,738,936 3,022,728 5,716,208 5,565,867 11,189,088 5,851,760 2,259,692 3,592,068 5,337,328 3,115,715 2,887,176 763,036 2,124,140 228,539

1994...................... 14,278,790 8,749,080 3,009,072 5,740,008 5,529,710 11,133,680 5,825,213 2,244,636 3,580,577 5,308,467 3,145,110 2,923,867 764,436 2,159,431 221,243

1995...................... 14,261,781 8,769,252 2,999,641 5,769,611 5,492,529 11,092,374 5,814,545 2,235,939 3,578,606 5,277,829 3,169,407 2,954,707 763,702 2,191,005 214,700

1996...................... 14,367,520 8,804,193 2,984,965 5,819,228 5,563,327 11,120,499 5,806,036 2,226,529 3,579,507 5,314,463 3,247,021 2,998,157 758,436 2,239,721 248,864

1997...................... 14,502,334 8,896,765 2,995,886 5,900,879 5,605,569 11,196,119 5,835,433 2,231,273 3,604,160 5,360,686 3,306,215 3,061,332 764,613 2,296,719 244,883

1998...................... 14,506,967 9,017,653 3,021,136 5,996,517 5,489,314 11,137,769 5,891,806 2,249,825 3,641,981 5,245,963 3,369,198 3,125,847 771,311 2,354,536 243,351

1999...................... 14,791,224 9,198,525 3,044,369 6,154,156 5,592,699 11,309,399 5,969,950 2,266,494 3,703,456 5,339,449 3,481,825 3,228,575 777,875 2,450,700 253,250

2000...................... 15,312,289 9,363,858 3,061,812 6,302,046 5,948,431 11,752,786 6,055,398 2,280,122 3,775,276 5,697,388 3,559,503 3,308,460 781,690 2,526,770 251,043

2001...................... 15,927,987 9,677,408 3,126,907 6,550,501 6,250,579 12,233,156 6,236,455 2,336,922 3,899,533 5,996,701 3,694,831 3,440,953 789,985 2,650,968 253,878

2002...................... 16,611,711 10,082,332 3,210,271 6,872,061 6,529,379 12,751,993 6,481,613 2,403,149 4,078,464 6,270,380 3,859,718 3,600,719 807,122 2,793,597 258,999

2003...................... 16,911,481 10,417,247 3,242,639 7,174,608 6,494,234 12,858,698 6,649,441 2,419,631 4,229,810 6,209,257 4,052,783 3,767,806 823,008 2,944,798 284,977

2004...................... 17,272,044 10,726,181 3,258,982 7,467,199 6,545,863 12,980,112 6,736,536 2,426,495 4,310,041 6,243,576 4,291,932 3,989,645 832,487 3,157,158 302,287

2005...................... 17,487,475 10,999,420 3,271,620 7,727,800 6,488,055 13,021,834 6,837,605 2,443,682 4,393,923 6,184,229 4,465,641 4,161,815 827,938 3,333,877 303,826

2006...................... 17,758,870 11,240,330 3,306,973 7,933,357 6,518,540 13,180,133 6,955,013 2,459,874 4,495,139 6,225,120 4,578,737 4,285,317 847,099 3,438,218 293,420

2007...................... 18,248,128 11,630,198 3,349,214 8,280,984 6,617,930 13,490,780 7,166,661 2,490,615 4,676,046 6,324,119 4,757,348 4,463,537 858,599 3,604,938 293,811

2008...................... 19,102,814 12,131,436 3,412,435 8,719,001 6,971,378 13,972,153 7,331,809 2,544,529 4,787,280 6,640,344 5,130,661 4,799,627 867,906 3,931,721 331,034

2009...................... 20,427,711 12,906,305 3,493,246 9,413,059 7,521,406 14,810,642 7,709,197 2,603,381 5,105,816 7,101,445 5,617,069 5,197,108 889,865 4,307,243 419,961
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 293

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Distributions by age are estimates based on samples of the civilian noninstitutional

population from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey. Data through 1995

are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions.

Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few

higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to

Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1970 and 1980; 1990 through 2010 Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90–99), and Spring 2001 through

Spring 2010; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2020. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, selected years, 1970

through 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 199. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by sex, age, and attendance status: Selected years, 1970 through 2019

[In thousands]

Sex, age, and attendance status 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Projected

2010 2014 2019

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

All students ............................... 8,581 12,097 13,819 15,312 15,928 16,612 16,911 17,272 17,487 17,759 18,248 19,103 20,428 20,550 21,669 23,448

14 to 17 years old ............................... 259 247 177 140 161 162 184 184 210 204 202 193 200 208 213 248

18 and 19 years old ............................ 2,600 2,901 2,950 3,473 3,561 3,525 3,542 3,560 3,640 3,777 3,912 4,090 4,048 4,374 4,361 4,702

20 and 21 years old ............................ 1,880 2,424 2,761 3,104 3,291 3,405 3,519 3,634 3,676 3,717 3,751 3,929 3,891 4,316 4,401 4,534

22 to 24 years old ............................... 1,457 1,989 2,144 2,602 2,769 3,079 3,137 3,211 3,104 3,191 3,310 3,480 3,691 3,728 4,136 4,244

25 to 29 years old ............................... 1,074 1,871 1,982 1,963 2,023 2,130 2,195 2,306 2,397 2,421 2,561 2,737 3,059 2,922 3,159 3,597

30 to 34 years old ............................... 487 1,243 1,322 1,244 1,284 1,358 1,333 1,354 1,365 1,391 1,422 1,482 1,719 1,597 1,814 2,038

35 years old and over ......................... 823 1,421 2,484 2,786 2,839 2,954 3,001 3,022 3,095 3,058 3,091 3,191 3,820 3,405 3,584 4,086

Males .................................................. 5,044 5,874 6,284 6,722 6,961 7,202 7,260 7,387 7,456 7,575 7,816 8,189 8,770 8,904 9,163 9,610

14 to 17 years old ........................... 130 99 87 63 66 65 73 73 79 78 86 92 98 90 89 100

18 and 19 years old ........................ 1,349 1,375 1,421 1,559 1,608 1,590 1,580 1,569 1,608 1,690 1,767 1,850 1,798 1,987 1,954 2,075

20 and 21 years old ........................ 1,095 1,259 1,368 1,427 1,522 1,545 1,602 1,672 1,727 1,680 1,711 1,792 1,854 1,987 1,993 2,021

22 to 24 years old ........................... 964 1,064 1,107 1,234 1,315 1,430 1,427 1,453 1,401 1,451 1,499 1,558 1,666 1,700 1,844 1,843

25 to 29 years old ........................... 783 993 940 895 890 941 956 991 1,024 1,016 1,110 1,177 1,357 1,276 1,333 1,463

30 to 34 years old ........................... 308 576 537 530 527 567 550 550 539 586 598 640 713 704 773 830

35 years old and over...................... 415 507 824 1,014 1,032 1,065 1,072 1,080 1,078 1,073 1,045 1,080 1,284 1,161 1,176 1,278

Females.............................................. 3,537 6,223 7,535 8,591 8,967 9,410 9,651 9,885 10,032 10,184 10,432 10,914 11,658 11,645 12,506 13,838

14 to 17 years old ........................... 129 148 90 77 95 97 111 111 131 125 116 101 102 118 124 148

18 and 19 years old ........................ 1,250 1,526 1,529 1,914 1,953 1,935 1,962 1,991 2,031 2,087 2,145 2,240 2,250 2,387 2,407 2,627

20 and 21 years old ........................ 786 1,165 1,392 1,677 1,769 1,860 1,916 1,963 1,949 2,037 2,040 2,137 2,037 2,330 2,408 2,513

22 to 24 years old ........................... 493 925 1,037 1,368 1,453 1,649 1,710 1,759 1,703 1,740 1,811 1,922 2,025 2,028 2,292 2,401

25 to 29 years old ........................... 291 878 1,043 1,068 1,133 1,189 1,240 1,315 1,373 1,405 1,451 1,560 1,702 1,646 1,826 2,134

30 to 34 years old ........................... 179 667 784 714 757 791 782 804 826 805 825 842 1,006 893 1,041 1,208

35 years old and over...................... 409 914 1,659 1,772 1,807 1,889 1,930 1,942 2,018 1,984 2,046 2,112 2,537 2,243 2,407 2,807

Full-time............................................. 5,816 7,098 7,821 9,010 9,448 9,946 10,326 10,610 10,797 10,957 11,270 11,748 12,723 12,700 13,368 14,427

14 to 17 years old ........................... 242 223 144 124 136 135 150 139 155 150 161 162 171 165 170 199

18 and 19 years old ........................ 2,406 2,669 2,548 2,859 2,932 2,924 2,992 3,006 3,065 3,181 3,301 3,455 3,587 3,674 3,680 3,989

20 and 21 years old ........................ 1,647 2,075 2,151 2,434 2,618 2,719 2,845 2,897 2,951 2,991 3,036 3,177 3,268 3,480 3,566 3,694

22 to 24 years old ........................... 881 1,121 1,350 1,690 1,765 1,947 2,041 2,113 2,095 2,096 2,182 2,292 2,599 2,446 2,730 2,826

25 to 29 years old ........................... 407 577 770 880 920 1,023 1,069 1,127 1,170 1,193 1,257 1,317 1,490 1,439 1,571 1,813

30 to 34 years old ........................... 100 251 387 420 456 505 486 523 552 563 540 521 609 601 692 792

35 years old and over...................... 134 182 471 603 620 694 744 805 809 782 793 823 998 895 958 1,113

Males .............................................. 3,505 3,689 3,808 4,111 4,300 4,501 4,638 4,739 4,803 4,879 5,029 5,234 5,671 5,733 5,914 6,243

14 to 17 years old........................ 124 87 71 53 53 52 60 50 55 53 70 73 76 68 68 76

18 and 19 years old..................... 1,265 1,270 1,230 1,255 1,302 1,312 1,332 1,324 1,356 1,420 1,494 1,572 1,619 1,672 1,653 1,768

20 and 21 years old..................... 990 1,109 1,055 1,133 1,217 1,241 1,304 1,353 1,392 1,366 1,383 1,450 1,539 1,610 1,625 1,661

22 to 24 years old........................ 650 665 742 829 872 945 970 988 972 984 1,032 1,073 1,225 1,165 1,274 1,291

25 to 29 years old........................ 327 360 401 419 426 477 492 491 503 530 561 575 632 654 691 774

30 to 34 years old........................ 72 124 156 191 196 221 206 229 224 235 224 226 272 263 293 323

35 years old and over.................. 75 74 152 233 235 252 274 305 301 292 266 266 308 302 311 349

Females .......................................... 2,311 3,409 4,013 4,899 5,148 5,445 5,688 5,871 5,994 6,078 6,240 6,513 7,052 6,968 7,454 8,184

14 to 17 years old........................ 117 136 73 72 83 82 90 89 100 97 91 89 95 97 103 123

18 and 19 years old..................... 1,140 1,399 1,318 1,604 1,630 1,612 1,659 1,682 1,709 1,761 1,807 1,883 1,968 2,002 2,027 2,222

20 and 21 years old..................... 657 966 1,096 1,302 1,400 1,477 1,541 1,544 1,559 1,625 1,653 1,727 1,729 1,870 1,941 2,033

22 to 24 years old........................ 231 456 608 861 894 1,001 1,071 1,125 1,123 1,112 1,149 1,220 1,374 1,281 1,457 1,535

25 to 29 years old........................ 80 217 369 461 494 546 577 636 667 663 696 742 858 785 880 1,038

30 to 34 years old........................ 28 127 231 229 260 284 280 294 328 329 316 295 337 338 399 469

35 years old and over.................. 59 108 319 370 386 443 470 501 507 491 528 557 690 594 646 764

Part-time ............................................ 2,765 4,999 5,998 6,303 6,480 6,665 6,585 6,662 6,690 6,802 6,978 7,355 7,705 7,849 8,301 9,021

14 to 17 years old ........................... 17 38 32 16 25 28 34 45 55 53 41 31 29 43 43 48

18 and 19 years old ........................ 194 418 402 614 629 601 550 554 574 596 610 635 461 700 681 712

20 and 21 years old ........................ 233 441 610 670 674 686 674 737 725 726 715 752 623 836 836 840

22 to 24 years old ........................... 576 844 794 912 1,003 1,132 1,097 1,098 1,009 1,096 1,128 1,188 1,092 1,282 1,406 1,418

25 to 29 years old ........................... 668 1,209 1,213 1,083 1,103 1,107 1,126 1,179 1,227 1,228 1,304 1,420 1,569 1,483 1,588 1,784

30 to 34 years old ........................... 388 905 935 825 828 852 847 832 814 828 882 961 1,110 996 1,122 1,246

35 years old and over...................... 689 1,145 2,012 2,184 2,219 2,260 2,258 2,217 2,287 2,275 2,297 2,368 2,822 2,509 2,626 2,973

Males .............................................. 1,540 2,185 2,476 2,611 2,661 2,701 2,622 2,648 2,653 2,695 2,786 2,955 3,099 3,172 3,249 3,367

14 to 17 years old........................ 5 17 16 10 13 12 13 23 24 25 17 19 22 22 21 23

18 and 19 years old..................... 84 202 191 304 307 278 248 245 252 270 273 278 178 315 301 307

20 and 21 years old..................... 105 201 313 294 305 304 298 319 335 314 328 342 315 377 369 360

22 to 24 years old........................ 314 392 365 405 444 485 457 465 429 467 467 485 441 535 570 552

25 to 29 years old........................ 456 594 539 476 464 464 463 500 521 486 549 602 725 622 642 688

30 to 34 years old........................ 236 397 381 339 331 346 344 322 315 351 373 414 441 442 480 507

35 years old and over.................. 340 382 672 782 797 813 798 775 776 781 779 814 976 859 865 929

Females .......................................... 1,225 2,814 3,521 3,692 3,820 3,964 3,963 4,014 4,038 4,106 4,192 4,401 4,606 4,678 5,052 5,654

14 to 17 years old........................ 12 20 17 5 11 15 21 22 31 28 24 12 7 21 21 25

18 and 19 years old..................... 110 215 211 310 323 323 302 310 322 326 337 357 282 385 380 405

20 and 21 years old..................... 128 240 297 376 369 382 375 419 390 412 387 409 308 460 467 480

22 to 24 years old........................ 262 452 429 507 559 647 639 633 580 628 662 703 651 747 836 866

25 to 29 years old........................ 212 616 674 607 639 643 663 679 706 742 755 818 844 860 946 1,096

30 to 34 years old........................ 151 507 554 485 496 507 502 510 499 477 509 547 668 554 642 739

35 years old and over.................. 349 762 1,340 1,402 1,422 1,447 1,460 1,441 1,511 1,494 1,518 1,554 1,846 1,650 1,761 2,044
294 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2007 and

2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 200. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, age, and attendance status of student: 2007 and 2009

Age of student and 

attendance status

Fall 2007 Fall 2009

All levels All levels Undergraduate Postbaccalaureate

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All students ............................. 18,248,128 7,815,914 10,432,214 20,427,711 8,769,504 11,658,207 17,565,320 7,595,481 9,969,839 2,862,391 1,174,023 1,688,368

Under 18........................................... 668,426 277,582 390,844 757,239 314,150 443,089 756,952 314,045 442,907 287 105 182

18 and 19.......................................... 3,963,371 1,794,001 2,169,370 4,300,248 1,946,838 2,353,410 4,298,311 1,946,160 2,352,151 1,937 678 1,259

20 and 21.......................................... 3,642,872 1,647,492 1,995,380 4,003,222 1,814,622 2,188,600 3,971,829 1,802,523 2,169,306 31,393 12,099 19,294

22 to 24............................................. 3,009,713 1,381,504 1,628,209 3,315,227 1,520,388 1,794,839 2,725,760 1,282,572 1,443,188 589,467 237,816 351,651

25 to 29............................................. 2,550,482 1,091,510 1,458,972 2,961,851 1,277,580 1,684,271 2,044,157 881,057 1,163,100 917,694 396,523 521,171

30 to 34............................................. 1,365,912 551,208 814,704 1,635,355 663,459 971,896 1,177,534 457,992 719,542 457,821 205,467 252,354

35 to 39............................................. 980,818 368,814 612,004 1,128,666 426,387 702,279 841,719 305,628 536,091 286,947 120,759 166,188

40 to 49............................................. 1,266,171 423,603 842,568 1,449,671 498,553 951,118 1,097,374 371,599 725,775 352,297 126,954 225,343

50 to 64............................................. 627,603 208,067 419,536 734,572 247,034 487,538 536,289 184,110 352,179 198,283 62,924 135,359

65 and over....................................... 77,379 31,040 46,339 69,844 29,251 40,593 61,650 25,505 36,145 8,194 3,746 4,448

Age unknown.................................... 95,381 41,093 54,288 71,816 31,242 40,574 53,745 24,290 29,455 18,071 6,952 11,119

Full-time............................................ 11,269,892 5,029,444 6,240,448 12,722,782 5,670,644 7,052,138 11,143,499 4,976,727 6,166,772 1,579,283 693,917 885,366

Under 18 ....................................... 171,784 69,033 102,751 177,445 71,603 105,842 177,332 71,566 105,766 113 37 76

18 and 19...................................... 3,383,318 1,522,297 1,861,021 3,640,621 1,636,522 2,004,099 3,638,867 1,635,905 2,002,962 1,754 617 1,137

20 and 21...................................... 2,964,697 1,346,897 1,617,800 3,249,604 1,477,485 1,772,119 3,221,556 1,466,453 1,755,103 28,048 11,032 17,016

22 to 24......................................... 1,986,776 949,700 1,037,076 2,198,573 1,047,143 1,151,430 1,737,688 855,243 882,445 460,885 191,900 268,985

25 to 29......................................... 1,284,698 584,798 699,900 1,540,444 705,203 835,241 980,396 444,069 536,327 560,048 261,134 298,914

30 to 34......................................... 565,710 235,321 330,389 725,901 304,439 421,462 505,141 197,344 307,797 220,760 107,095 113,665

35 to 39......................................... 347,864 130,397 217,467 447,946 169,775 278,171 332,217 118,170 214,047 115,729 51,605 64,124

40 to 49......................................... 380,043 125,982 254,061 501,869 173,301 328,568 379,205 126,766 252,439 122,664 46,535 76,129

50 to 64......................................... 145,757 47,812 97,945 207,365 70,665 136,700 145,838 50,045 95,793 61,527 20,620 40,907

65 and over ................................... 4,868 2,260 2,608 6,642 2,871 3,771 4,378 1,853 2,525 2,264 1,018 1,246

Age unknown ................................ 34,377 14,947 19,430 26,372 11,637 14,735 20,881 9,313 11,568 5,491 2,324 3,167

Part-time ........................................... 6,978,236 2,786,470 4,191,766 7,704,929 3,098,860 4,606,069 6,421,821 2,618,754 3,803,067 1,283,108 480,106 803,002

Under 18 ....................................... 496,642 208,549 288,093 579,794 242,547 337,247 579,620 242,479 337,141 174 68 106

18 and 19...................................... 580,053 271,704 308,349 659,627 310,316 349,311 659,444 310,255 349,189 183 61 122

20 and 21...................................... 678,175 300,595 377,580 753,618 337,137 416,481 750,273 336,070 414,203 3,345 1,067 2,278

22 to 24......................................... 1,022,937 431,804 591,133 1,116,654 473,245 643,409 988,072 427,329 560,743 128,582 45,916 82,666

25 to 29......................................... 1,265,784 506,712 759,072 1,421,407 572,377 849,030 1,063,761 436,988 626,773 357,646 135,389 222,257

30 to 34......................................... 800,202 315,887 484,315 909,454 359,020 550,434 672,393 260,648 411,745 237,061 98,372 138,689

35 to 39......................................... 632,954 238,417 394,537 680,720 256,612 424,108 509,502 187,458 322,044 171,218 69,154 102,064

40 to 49......................................... 886,128 297,621 588,507 947,802 325,252 622,550 718,169 244,833 473,336 229,633 80,419 149,214

50 to 64......................................... 481,846 160,255 321,591 527,207 176,369 350,838 390,451 134,065 256,386 136,756 42,304 94,452

65 and over ................................... 72,511 28,780 43,731 63,202 26,380 36,822 57,272 23,652 33,620 5,930 2,728 3,202

Age unknown ................................ 61,004 26,146 34,858 45,444 19,605 25,839 32,864 14,977 17,887 12,580 4,628 7,952

Percentage distribution

All students ............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under 18........................................... 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.4 # # #

18 and 19.......................................... 21.7 23.0 20.8 21.1 22.2 20.2 24.5 25.6 23.6 0.1 0.1 0.1

20 and 21.......................................... 20.0 21.1 19.1 19.6 20.7 18.8 22.6 23.7 21.8 1.1 1.0 1.1

22 to 24............................................. 16.5 17.7 15.6 16.2 17.3 15.4 15.5 16.9 14.5 20.6 20.3 20.8

25 to 29............................................. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.5 14.6 14.4 11.6 11.6 11.7 32.1 33.8 30.9

30 to 34............................................. 7.5 7.1 7.8 8.0 7.6 8.3 6.7 6.0 7.2 16.0 17.5 14.9

35 to 39............................................. 5.4 4.7 5.9 5.5 4.9 6.0 4.8 4.0 5.4 10.0 10.3 9.8

40 to 49............................................. 6.9 5.4 8.1 7.1 5.7 8.2 6.2 4.9 7.3 12.3 10.8 13.3

50 to 64............................................. 3.4 2.7 4.0 3.6 2.8 4.2 3.1 2.4 3.5 6.9 5.4 8.0

65 and over....................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Age unknown.................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7

Full-time............................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under 18 ....................................... 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 # # #

18 and 19...................................... 30.0 30.3 29.8 28.6 28.9 28.4 32.7 32.9 32.5 0.1 0.1 0.1

20 and 21...................................... 26.3 26.8 25.9 25.5 26.1 25.1 28.9 29.5 28.5 1.8 1.6 1.9

22 to 24......................................... 17.6 18.9 16.6 17.3 18.5 16.3 15.6 17.2 14.3 29.2 27.7 30.4

25 to 29......................................... 11.4 11.6 11.2 12.1 12.4 11.8 8.8 8.9 8.7 35.5 37.6 33.8

30 to 34......................................... 5.0 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.4 6.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 14.0 15.4 12.8

35 to 39......................................... 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.9 3.0 2.4 3.5 7.3 7.4 7.2

40 to 49......................................... 3.4 2.5 4.1 3.9 3.1 4.7 3.4 2.5 4.1 7.8 6.7 8.6

50 to 64......................................... 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.6 3.9 3.0 4.6

65 and over ................................... # # # 0.1 0.1 0.1 # # # 0.1 0.1 0.1

Age unknown ................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Part-time ........................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under 18 ....................................... 7.1 7.5 6.9 7.5 7.8 7.3 9.0 9.3 8.9 # # #

18 and 19...................................... 8.3 9.8 7.4 8.6 10.0 7.6 10.3 11.8 9.2 # # #

20 and 21...................................... 9.7 10.8 9.0 9.8 10.9 9.0 11.7 12.8 10.9 0.3 0.2 0.3

22 to 24......................................... 14.7 15.5 14.1 14.5 15.3 14.0 15.4 16.3 14.7 10.0 9.6 10.3

25 to 29......................................... 18.1 18.2 18.1 18.4 18.5 18.4 16.6 16.7 16.5 27.9 28.2 27.7

30 to 34......................................... 11.5 11.3 11.6 11.8 11.6 12.0 10.5 10.0 10.8 18.5 20.5 17.3

35 to 39......................................... 9.1 8.6 9.4 8.8 8.3 9.2 7.9 7.2 8.5 13.3 14.4 12.7

40 to 49......................................... 12.7 10.7 14.0 12.3 10.5 13.5 11.2 9.3 12.4 17.9 16.8 18.6

50 to 64......................................... 6.9 5.8 7.7 6.8 5.7 7.6 6.1 5.1 6.7 10.7 8.8 11.8

65 and over ................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4

Age unknown ................................ 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 295

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010. (This table was

prepared September 2010.)

Table 201. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution, age, and attendance status of student: 2009

Age of student and 

attendance status

All institutions Public institutions

Private (not-for-profit and for-profit) institutions

Total

 Private not-for-profit institutions Private for-profit institutions

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

All students .................. 20,427,711 12,906,305 7,521,406 14,810,642 7,709,197 7,101,445 5,617,069 3,765,083 3,730,316 34,767 1,851,986 1,466,792 385,194

Under 18 ............................... 757,239 252,415 504,824 685,380 183,963 501,417 71,859 66,151 65,185 966 5,708 3,267 2,441

18 and 19 .............................. 4,300,248 2,645,704 1,654,544 3,373,060 1,776,382 1,596,678 927,188 805,278 797,161 8,117 121,910 72,161 49,749

20 and 21 .............................. 4,003,222 2,759,078 1,244,144 3,025,002 1,848,966 1,176,036 978,220 802,555 797,197 5,358 175,665 112,915 62,750

22 to 24 ................................. 3,315,227 2,286,382 1,028,845 2,480,545 1,523,533 957,012 834,682 584,991 580,104 4,887 249,691 182,745 66,946

25 to 29 ................................. 2,961,851 1,943,572 1,018,279 1,989,236 1,051,400 937,836 972,615 571,923 566,735 5,188 400,692 325,437 75,255

30 to 34 ................................. 1,635,355 1,021,005 614,350 1,050,454 484,567 565,887 584,901 294,681 291,397 3,284 290,220 245,041 45,179

35 to 39 ................................. 1,128,666 683,089 445,577 708,505 295,880 412,625 420,161 201,567 199,136 2,431 218,594 188,073 30,521

40 to 49 ................................. 1,449,671 841,913 607,758 920,345 349,801 570,544 529,326 265,064 262,089 2,975 264,262 230,023 34,239

50 to 64 ................................. 734,572 402,822 331,750 490,101 173,439 316,662 244,471 132,392 131,049 1,343 112,079 98,334 13,745

65 and over ........................... 69,844 21,108 48,736 60,362 12,200 48,162 9,482 6,475 6,381 94 3,007 2,527 480

Age unknown ........................ 71,816 49,217 22,599 27,652 9,066 18,586 44,164 34,006 33,882 124 10,158 6,269 3,889

Full-time................................. 12,722,782 9,474,059 3,248,723 8,530,344 5,649,713 2,880,631 4,192,438 2,806,645 2,783,162 23,483 1,385,793 1,041,184 344,609

Under 18 ........................... 177,445 102,344 75,101 141,497 68,954 72,543 35,948 31,430 31,142 288 4,518 2,248 2,270

18 and 19 .......................... 3,640,621 2,511,562 1,129,059 2,745,734 1,670,996 1,074,738 894,887 787,103 779,858 7,245 107,784 60,708 47,076

20 and 21 .......................... 3,249,604 2,553,166 696,438 2,326,319 1,691,938 634,381 923,285 776,054 771,655 4,399 147,231 89,573 57,658

22 to 24 ............................. 2,198,573 1,780,300 418,273 1,526,568 1,171,760 354,808 672,005 476,179 472,910 3,269 195,826 135,630 60,196

25 to 29 ............................. 1,540,444 1,177,157 363,287 885,635 592,049 293,586 654,809 356,612 353,624 2,988 298,197 231,484 66,713

30 to 34 ............................. 725,901 524,974 200,927 370,602 211,183 159,419 355,299 145,411 143,620 1,791 209,888 170,171 39,717

35 to 39 ............................. 447,946 314,580 133,366 208,973 103,389 105,584 238,973 84,126 82,846 1,280 154,847 128,345 26,502

40 to 49 ............................. 501,869 345,535 156,334 223,623 97,945 125,678 278,246 95,665 94,198 1,467 182,581 153,392 29,189

50 to 64 ............................. 207,365 141,374 65,991 90,567 36,710 53,857 116,798 41,109 40,459 650 75,689 64,205 11,484

65 and over ....................... 6,642 4,290 2,352 3,010 1,067 1,943 3,632 1,690 1,648 42 1,942 1,575 367

Age unknown .................... 26,372 18,777 7,595 7,816 3,722 4,094 18,556 11,266 11,202 64 7,290 3,853 3,437

Part-time ................................ 7,704,929 3,432,246 4,272,683 6,280,298 2,059,484 4,220,814 1,424,631 958,438 947,154 11,284 466,193 425,608 40,585

Under 18 ........................... 579,794 150,071 429,723 543,883 115,009 428,874 35,911 34,721 34,043 678 1,190 1,019 171

18 and 19 .......................... 659,627 134,142 525,485 627,326 105,386 521,940 32,301 18,175 17,303 872 14,126 11,453 2,673

20 and 21 .......................... 753,618 205,912 547,706 698,683 157,028 541,655 54,935 26,501 25,542 959 28,434 23,342 5,092

22 to 24 ............................. 1,116,654 506,082 610,572 953,977 351,773 602,204 162,677 108,812 107,194 1,618 53,865 47,115 6,750

25 to 29 ............................. 1,421,407 766,415 654,992 1,103,601 459,351 644,250 317,806 215,311 213,111 2,200 102,495 93,953 8,542

30 to 34 ............................. 909,454 496,031 413,423 679,852 273,384 406,468 229,602 149,270 147,777 1,493 80,332 74,870 5,462

35 to 39 ............................. 680,720 368,509 312,211 499,532 192,491 307,041 181,188 117,441 116,290 1,151 63,747 59,728 4,019

40 to 49 ............................. 947,802 496,378 451,424 696,722 251,856 444,866 251,080 169,399 167,891 1,508 81,681 76,631 5,050

50 to 64 ............................. 527,207 261,448 265,759 399,534 136,729 262,805 127,673 91,283 90,590 693 36,390 34,129 2,261

65 and over ....................... 63,202 16,818 46,384 57,352 11,133 46,219 5,850 4,785 4,733 52 1,065 952 113

Age unknown .................... 45,444 30,440 15,004 19,836 5,344 14,492 25,608 22,740 22,680 60 2,868 2,416 452

Percentage distribution

All students .................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under 18 ............................... 3.7 2.0 6.7 4.6 2.4 7.1 1.3 1.8 1.7 2.8 0.3 0.2 0.6

18 and 19 .............................. 21.1 20.5 22.0 22.8 23.0 22.5 16.5 21.4 21.4 23.3 6.6 4.9 12.9

20 and 21 .............................. 19.6 21.4 16.5 20.4 24.0 16.6 17.4 21.3 21.4 15.4 9.5 7.7 16.3

22 to 24 ................................. 16.2 17.7 13.7 16.7 19.8 13.5 14.9 15.5 15.6 14.1 13.5 12.5 17.4

25 to 29 ................................. 14.5 15.1 13.5 13.4 13.6 13.2 17.3 15.2 15.2 14.9 21.6 22.2 19.5

30 to 34 ................................. 8.0 7.9 8.2 7.1 6.3 8.0 10.4 7.8 7.8 9.4 15.7 16.7 11.7

35 to 39 ................................. 5.5 5.3 5.9 4.8 3.8 5.8 7.5 5.4 5.3 7.0 11.8 12.8 7.9

40 to 49 ................................. 7.1 6.5 8.1 6.2 4.5 8.0 9.4 7.0 7.0 8.6 14.3 15.7 8.9

50 to 64 ................................. 3.6 3.1 4.4 3.3 2.2 4.5 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.9 6.1 6.7 3.6

65 and over ........................... 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Age unknown ........................ 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.0

Full-time................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under 18 ........................... 1.4 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.2 2.5 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.7

18 and 19 .......................... 28.6 26.5 34.8 32.2 29.6 37.3 21.3 28.0 28.0 30.9 7.8 5.8 13.7

20 and 21 .......................... 25.5 26.9 21.4 27.3 29.9 22.0 22.0 27.7 27.7 18.7 10.6 8.6 16.7

22 to 24 ............................. 17.3 18.8 12.9 17.9 20.7 12.3 16.0 17.0 17.0 13.9 14.1 13.0 17.5

25 to 29 ............................. 12.1 12.4 11.2 10.4 10.5 10.2 15.6 12.7 12.7 12.7 21.5 22.2 19.4

30 to 34 ............................. 5.7 5.5 6.2 4.3 3.7 5.5 8.5 5.2 5.2 7.6 15.1 16.3 11.5

35 to 39 ............................. 3.5 3.3 4.1 2.4 1.8 3.7 5.7 3.0 3.0 5.5 11.2 12.3 7.7

40 to 49 ............................. 3.9 3.6 4.8 2.6 1.7 4.4 6.6 3.4 3.4 6.2 13.2 14.7 8.5

50 to 64 ............................. 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.1 0.6 1.9 2.8 1.5 1.5 2.8 5.5 6.2 3.3

65 and over ....................... 0.1 # 0.1 # # 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Age unknown .................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.0

Part-time ................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under 18 ........................... 7.5 4.4 10.1 8.7 5.6 10.2 2.5 3.6 3.6 6.0 0.3 0.2 0.4

18 and 19 .......................... 8.6 3.9 12.3 10.0 5.1 12.4 2.3 1.9 1.8 7.7 3.0 2.7 6.6

20 and 21 .......................... 9.8 6.0 12.8 11.1 7.6 12.8 3.9 2.8 2.7 8.5 6.1 5.5 12.5

22 to 24 ............................. 14.5 14.7 14.3 15.2 17.1 14.3 11.4 11.4 11.3 14.3 11.6 11.1 16.6

25 to 29 ............................. 18.4 22.3 15.3 17.6 22.3 15.3 22.3 22.5 22.5 19.5 22.0 22.1 21.0

30 to 34 ............................. 11.8 14.5 9.7 10.8 13.3 9.6 16.1 15.6 15.6 13.2 17.2 17.6 13.5

35 to 39 ............................. 8.8 10.7 7.3 8.0 9.3 7.3 12.7 12.3 12.3 10.2 13.7 14.0 9.9

40 to 49 ............................. 12.3 14.5 10.6 11.1 12.2 10.5 17.6 17.7 17.7 13.4 17.5 18.0 12.4

50 to 64 ............................. 6.8 7.6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.2 9.0 9.5 9.6 6.1 7.8 8.0 5.6

65 and over ....................... 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

Age unknown .................... 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.8 2.4 2.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.1
296 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Includes first-professional and graduate-level students.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010. (This table was

prepared September 2010.)

Table 202. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, attendance status, and type and control of institution: 

2009

Attendance status, and 

type and control of 

institution

Total Undergraduate Postbaccalaureate1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

Total........................... 20,427,711 8,769,504 11,658,207 17,565,320 7,595,481 9,969,839 2,862,391 1,174,023 1,688,368

Full-time............................. 12,722,782 5,670,644 7,052,138 11,143,499 4,976,727 6,166,772 1,579,283 693,917 885,366

Part-time ............................ 7,704,929 3,098,860 4,606,069 6,421,821 2,618,754 3,803,067 1,283,108 480,106 803,002

4-year ........................... 12,906,305 5,572,944 7,333,361 10,043,915 4,398,921 5,644,994 2,862,390 1,174,023 1,688,367

Full-time............................. 9,474,059 4,222,234 5,251,825 7,894,776 3,528,317 4,366,459 1,579,283 693,917 885,366

Part-time ............................ 3,432,246 1,350,710 2,081,536 2,149,139 870,604 1,278,535 1,283,107 480,106 803,001

2-year ............................ 7,521,406 3,196,560 4,324,846 7,521,405 3,196,560 4,324,845 1 0 1

Full-time............................. 3,248,723 1,448,410 1,800,313 3,248,723 1,448,410 1,800,313 0 0 0

Part-time ............................ 4,272,683 1,748,150 2,524,533 4,272,682 1,748,150 2,524,532 1 0 1

Public ............................ 14,810,642 6,509,569 8,301,073 13,386,593 5,917,296 7,469,297 1,424,049 592,273 831,776

Full-time............................. 8,530,344 3,943,800 4,586,544 7,784,903 3,602,840 4,182,063 745,441 340,960 404,481

Part-time ............................ 6,280,298 2,565,769 3,714,529 5,601,690 2,314,456 3,287,234 678,608 251,313 427,295

Public 4-year...................... 7,709,197 3,459,326 4,249,871 6,285,149 2,867,053 3,418,096 1,424,048 592,273 831,775

Full-time ......................... 5,649,713 2,626,170 3,023,543 4,904,272 2,285,210 2,619,062 745,441 340,960 404,481

Part-time ........................ 2,059,484 833,156 1,226,328 1,380,877 581,843 799,034 678,607 251,313 427,294

Public 2-year...................... 7,101,445 3,050,243 4,051,202 7,101,444 3,050,243 4,051,201 1 0 1

Full-time ......................... 2,880,631 1,317,630 1,563,001 2,880,631 1,317,630 1,563,001 0 0 0

Part-time ........................ 4,220,814 1,732,613 2,488,201 4,220,813 1,732,613 2,488,200 1 0 1

Private........................... 5,617,069 2,259,935 3,357,134 4,178,727 1,678,185 2,500,542 1,438,342 581,750 856,592

Full-time............................. 4,192,438 1,726,844 2,465,594 3,358,596 1,373,887 1,984,709 833,842 352,957 480,885

Part-time ............................ 1,424,631 533,091 891,540 820,131 304,298 515,833 604,500 228,793 375,707

Private 4-year .................... 5,197,108 2,113,618 3,083,490 3,758,766 1,531,868 2,226,898 1,438,342 581,750 856,592

Full-time ......................... 3,824,346 1,596,064 2,228,282 2,990,504 1,243,107 1,747,397 833,842 352,957 480,885

Part-time ........................ 1,372,762 517,554 855,208 768,262 288,761 479,501 604,500 228,793 375,707

Private 2-year .................... 419,961 146,317 273,644 419,961 146,317 273,644 † † †

Full-time ......................... 368,092 130,780 237,312 368,092 130,780 237,312 † † †

Part-time ........................ 51,869 15,537 36,332 51,869 15,537 36,332 † † †

Not-for-profit....................... 3,765,083 1,598,106 2,166,977 2,593,361 1,103,132 1,490,229 1,171,722 494,974 676,748

Full-time ......................... 2,806,645 1,230,953 1,575,692 2,143,354 932,315 1,211,039 663,291 298,638 364,653

Part-time ........................ 958,438 367,153 591,285 450,007 170,817 279,190 508,431 196,336 312,095

Not-for-profit 4-year........ 3,730,316 1,585,807 2,144,509 2,558,594 1,090,833 1,467,761 1,171,722 494,974 676,748

Full-time ..................... 2,783,162 1,221,375 1,561,787 2,119,871 922,737 1,197,134 663,291 298,638 364,653

Part-time .................... 947,154 364,432 582,722 438,723 168,096 270,627 508,431 196,336 312,095

Not-for-profit 2-year........ 34,767 12,299 22,468 34,767 12,299 22,468 † † †

Full-time ..................... 23,483 9,578 13,905 23,483 9,578 13,905 † † †

Part-time .................... 11,284 2,721 8,563 11,284 2,721 8,563 † † †

For-profit ............................ 1,851,986 661,829 1,190,157 1,585,366 575,053 1,010,313 266,620 86,776 179,844

Full-time ......................... 1,385,793 495,891 889,902 1,215,242 441,572 773,670 170,551 54,319 116,232

Part-time ........................ 466,193 165,938 300,255 370,124 133,481 236,643 96,069 32,457 63,612

For-profit 4-year ............. 1,466,792 527,811 938,981 1,200,172 441,035 759,137 266,620 86,776 179,844

Full-time ..................... 1,041,184 374,689 666,495 870,633 320,370 550,263 170,551 54,319 116,232

Part-time .................... 425,608 153,122 272,486 329,539 120,665 208,874 96,069 32,457 63,612

For-profit 2-year ............. 385,194 134,018 251,176 385,194 134,018 251,176 † † †

Full-time ..................... 344,609 121,202 223,407 344,609 121,202 223,407 † † †

Part-time .................... 40,585 12,816 27,769 40,585 12,816 27,769 † † †
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 297

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Includes first-professional and graduate-level students.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009. (This table was

prepared September 2009.)

Table 203. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, attendance status, and type and control of institution: 

2008

Attendance status, and 

type and control of 

institution

Total Undergraduate Postbaccalaureate1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

Total........................... 19,102,814 8,188,895 10,913,919 16,365,738 7,066,623 9,299,115 2,737,076 1,122,272 1,614,804

Full-time............................. 11,747,743 5,234,357 6,513,386 10,254,930 4,577,431 5,677,499 1,492,813 656,926 835,887

Part-time ............................ 7,355,071 2,954,538 4,400,533 6,110,808 2,489,192 3,621,616 1,244,263 465,346 778,917

4-year ........................... 12,131,436 5,253,011 6,878,425 9,394,633 4,130,830 5,263,803 2,736,803 1,122,181 1,614,622

Full-time............................. 8,915,546 3,984,494 4,931,052 7,422,820 3,327,599 4,095,221 1,492,726 656,895 835,831

Part-time ............................ 3,215,890 1,268,517 1,947,373 1,971,813 803,231 1,168,582 1,244,077 465,286 778,791

2-year ............................ 6,971,378 2,935,884 4,035,494 6,971,105 2,935,793 4,035,312 273 91 182

Full-time............................. 2,832,197 1,249,863 1,582,334 2,832,110 1,249,832 1,582,278 87 31 56

Part-time ............................ 4,139,181 1,686,021 2,453,160 4,138,995 1,685,961 2,453,034 186 60 126

Public ............................ 13,972,153 6,100,515 7,871,638 12,591,217 5,531,965 7,059,252 1,380,936 568,550 812,386

Full-time............................. 7,926,611 3,640,205 4,286,406 7,216,774 3,318,505 3,898,269 709,837 321,700 388,137

Part-time ............................ 6,045,542 2,460,310 3,585,232 5,374,443 2,213,460 3,160,983 671,099 246,850 424,249

Public 4-year...................... 7,331,809 3,276,762 4,055,047 5,951,146 2,708,303 3,242,843 1,380,663 568,459 812,204

Full-time ......................... 5,378,123 2,488,168 2,889,955 4,668,373 2,166,499 2,501,874 709,750 321,669 388,081

Part-time ........................ 1,953,686 788,594 1,165,092 1,282,773 541,804 740,969 670,913 246,790 424,123

Public 2-year...................... 6,640,344 2,823,753 3,816,591 6,640,071 2,823,662 3,816,409 273 91 182

Full-time ......................... 2,548,488 1,152,037 1,396,451 2,548,401 1,152,006 1,396,395 87 31 56

Part-time ........................ 4,091,856 1,671,716 2,420,140 4,091,670 1,671,656 2,420,014 186 60 126

Private........................... 5,130,661 2,088,380 3,042,281 3,774,521 1,534,658 2,239,863 1,356,140 553,722 802,418

Full-time............................. 3,821,132 1,594,152 2,226,980 3,038,156 1,258,926 1,779,230 782,976 335,226 447,750

Part-time ............................ 1,309,529 494,228 815,301 736,365 275,732 460,633 573,164 218,496 354,668

Private 4-year .................... 4,799,627 1,976,249 2,823,378 3,443,487 1,422,527 2,020,960 1,356,140 553,722 802,418

Full-time ......................... 3,537,423 1,496,326 2,041,097 2,754,447 1,161,100 1,593,347 782,976 335,226 447,750

Part-time ........................ 1,262,204 479,923 782,281 689,040 261,427 427,613 573,164 218,496 354,668

Private 2-year .................... 331,034 112,131 218,903 331,034 112,131 218,903 † † †

Full-time ......................... 283,709 97,826 185,883 283,709 97,826 185,883 † † †

Part-time ........................ 47,325 14,305 33,020 47,325 14,305 33,020 † † †

Not-for-profit....................... 3,661,519 1,554,980 2,106,539 2,536,532 1,077,638 1,458,894 1,124,987 477,342 647,645

Full-time ......................... 2,722,089 1,194,139 1,527,950 2,093,642 908,902 1,184,740 628,447 285,237 343,210

Part-time ........................ 939,430 360,841 578,589 442,890 168,736 274,154 496,540 192,105 304,435

Not-for-profit 4-year........ 3,626,168 1,542,869 2,083,299 2,501,181 1,065,527 1,435,654 1,124,987 477,342 647,645

Full-time ..................... 2,698,819 1,184,895 1,513,924 2,070,372 899,658 1,170,714 628,447 285,237 343,210

Part-time .................... 927,349 357,974 569,375 430,809 165,869 264,940 496,540 192,105 304,435

Not-for-profit 2-year........ 35,351 12,111 23,240 35,351 12,111 23,240 † † †

Full-time ..................... 23,270 9,244 14,026 23,270 9,244 14,026 † † †

Part-time .................... 12,081 2,867 9,214 12,081 2,867 9,214 † † †

For-profit ............................ 1,469,142 533,400 935,742 1,237,989 457,020 780,969 231,153 76,380 154,773

Full-time ......................... 1,099,043 400,013 699,030 944,514 350,024 594,490 154,529 49,989 104,540

Part-time ........................ 370,099 133,387 236,712 293,475 106,996 186,479 76,624 26,391 50,233

For-profit 4-year ............. 1,173,459 433,380 740,079 942,306 357,000 585,306 231,153 76,380 154,773

Full-time ..................... 838,604 311,431 527,173 684,075 261,442 422,633 154,529 49,989 104,540

Part-time .................... 334,855 121,949 212,906 258,231 95,558 162,673 76,624 26,391 50,233

For-profit 2-year ............. 295,683 100,020 195,663 295,683 100,020 195,663 † † †

Full-time ..................... 260,439 88,582 171,857 260,439 88,582 171,857 † † †

Part-time .................... 35,244 11,438 23,806 35,244 11,438 23,806 † † †
298 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Large increase in private 2-year institutions in 1980 is due to the addition of schools

accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1970 through 1985; and 1990 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90–99), and Spring 2001 through

Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 204. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and type and control of institution: Selected 

years, 1970 through 2009

Attendance status and sex 

of student, type and control 

of institution 1970 1975 19801 1985 1990 1995 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total........................... 8,580,887 11,184,859 12,096,895 12,247,055 13,818,637 14,261,781 15,312,289 16,911,481 17,272,044 17,487,475 17,758,870 18,248,128 19,102,814 20,427,711

Full-time............................. 5,816,290 6,841,334 7,097,958 7,075,221 7,820,985 8,128,802 9,009,600 10,326,133 10,610,177 10,797,011 10,957,305 11,269,892 11,747,743 12,722,782

Males ............................. 3,504,095 3,926,753 3,689,244 3,607,720 3,807,752 3,807,392 4,111,093 4,637,872 4,739,355 4,803,388 4,879,315 5,029,444 5,234,357 5,670,644

Females ......................... 2,312,195 2,914,581 3,408,714 3,467,501 4,013,233 4,321,410 4,898,507 5,688,261 5,870,822 5,993,623 6,077,990 6,240,448 6,513,386 7,052,138

Part-time ............................ 2,764,597 4,343,525 4,998,937 5,171,834 5,997,652 6,132,979 6,302,689 6,585,348 6,661,867 6,690,464 6,801,565 6,978,236 7,355,071 7,704,929

Males ............................. 1,539,547 2,222,244 2,185,130 2,210,730 2,476,157 2,535,147 2,610,676 2,622,392 2,647,907 2,652,537 2,695,500 2,786,470 2,954,538 3,098,860

Females ......................... 1,225,050 2,121,281 2,813,807 2,961,104 3,521,495 3,597,832 3,692,013 3,962,956 4,013,960 4,037,927 4,106,065 4,191,766 4,400,533 4,606,069

4-year......................... 6,261,502 7,214,740 7,570,608 7,715,978 8,578,554 8,769,252 9,363,858 10,417,247 10,726,181 10,999,420 11,240,330 11,630,198 12,131,436 12,906,305

Full-time............................. 4,587,379 5,080,256 5,344,163 5,384,614 5,937,023 6,151,755 6,792,551 7,675,740 7,926,639 8,150,209 8,313,999 8,577,299 8,915,546 9,474,059

Males ............................. 2,732,796 2,891,192 2,809,528 2,781,412 2,926,360 2,929,177 3,115,252 3,475,294 3,572,783 3,649,622 3,719,478 3,839,336 3,984,494 4,222,234

Females ......................... 1,854,583 2,189,064 2,534,635 2,603,202 3,010,663 3,222,578 3,677,299 4,200,446 4,353,856 4,500,587 4,594,521 4,737,963 4,931,052 5,251,825

Part-time ............................ 1,674,123 2,134,484 2,226,445 2,331,364 2,641,531 2,617,497 2,571,307 2,741,507 2,799,542 2,849,211 2,926,331 3,052,899 3,215,890 3,432,246

Males ............................. 936,189 1,092,461 1,017,813 1,034,804 1,124,780 1,084,753 1,047,917 1,094,929 1,116,883 1,125,935 1,150,598 1,206,007 1,268,517 1,350,710

Females ......................... 737,934 1,042,023 1,208,632 1,296,560 1,516,751 1,532,744 1,523,390 1,646,578 1,682,659 1,723,276 1,775,733 1,846,892 1,947,373 2,081,536

Public 4-year...................... 4,232,722 4,998,142 5,128,612 5,209,540 5,848,242 5,814,545 6,055,398 6,649,441 6,736,536 6,837,605 6,955,013 7,166,661 7,331,809 7,709,197

Full-time ......................... 3,086,491 3,469,821 3,592,193 3,623,341 4,033,654 4,084,711 4,371,218 4,864,164 4,943,811 5,021,745 5,103,764 5,244,841 5,378,123 5,649,713

Males ......................... 1,813,584 1,947,823 1,873,397 1,863,689 1,982,369 1,951,140 2,008,618 2,224,876 2,259,946 2,295,456 2,338,923 2,417,717 2,488,168 2,626,170

Females ..................... 1,272,907 1,521,998 1,718,796 1,759,652 2,051,285 2,133,571 2,362,600 2,639,288 2,683,865 2,726,289 2,764,841 2,827,124 2,889,955 3,023,543

Part-time ........................ 1,146,231 1,528,321 1,536,419 1,586,199 1,814,588 1,729,834 1,684,180 1,785,277 1,792,725 1,815,860 1,851,249 1,921,820 1,953,686 2,059,484

Males ......................... 609,422 760,469 685,051 693,115 764,248 720,402 683,100 712,865 716,569 724,375 739,846 772,563 788,594 833,156

Females ..................... 536,809 767,852 851,368 893,084 1,050,340 1,009,432 1,001,080 1,072,412 1,076,156 1,091,485 1,111,403 1,149,257 1,165,092 1,226,328

Private 4-year .................... 2,028,780 2,216,598 2,441,996 2,506,438 2,730,312 2,954,707 3,308,460 3,767,806 3,989,645 4,161,815 4,285,317 4,463,537 4,799,627 5,197,108

Full-time ......................... 1,500,888 1,610,435 1,751,970 1,761,273 1,903,369 2,067,044 2,421,333 2,811,576 2,982,828 3,128,464 3,210,235 3,332,458 3,537,423 3,824,346

Males ......................... 919,212 943,369 936,131 917,723 943,991 978,037 1,106,634 1,250,418 1,312,837 1,354,166 1,380,555 1,421,619 1,496,326 1,596,064

Females ..................... 581,676 667,066 815,839 843,550 959,378 1,089,007 1,314,699 1,561,158 1,669,991 1,774,298 1,829,680 1,910,839 2,041,097 2,228,282

Part-time ........................ 527,892 606,163 690,026 745,165 826,943 887,663 887,127 956,230 1,006,817 1,033,351 1,075,082 1,131,079 1,262,204 1,372,762

Males ......................... 326,767 331,992 332,762 341,689 360,532 364,351 364,817 382,064 400,314 401,560 410,752 433,444 479,923 517,554

Females ..................... 201,125 274,171 357,264 403,476 466,411 523,312 522,310 574,166 606,503 631,791 664,330 697,635 782,281 855,208

Not-for-profit 4-year........ 2,021,121 2,198,451 2,413,693 2,463,000 2,671,069 2,853,890 3,050,575 3,297,180 3,369,435 3,411,170 3,473,710 3,537,664 3,626,168 3,730,316

Full-time ..................... 1,494,625 1,596,074 1,733,014 1,727,707 1,859,124 1,989,457 2,226,028 2,441,119 2,494,090 2,534,793 2,589,590 2,643,207 2,698,819 2,783,162

Males...................... 914,020 930,842 921,253 894,080 915,100 931,956 996,113 1,073,652 1,092,100 1,109,075 1,135,163 1,159,775 1,184,895 1,221,375

Females.................. 580,605 665,232 811,761 833,627 944,024 1,057,501 1,229,915 1,367,467 1,401,990 1,425,718 1,454,427 1,483,432 1,513,924 1,561,787

Part-time .................... 526,496 602,377 680,679 735,293 811,945 864,433 824,547 856,061 875,345 876,377 884,120 894,457 927,349 947,154

Males...................... 325,693 329,662 327,986 336,168 352,106 351,874 332,814 335,954 341,391 339,572 340,842 344,325 357,974 364,432

Females.................. 200,803 272,715 352,693 399,125 459,839 512,559 491,733 520,107 533,954 536,805 543,278 550,132 569,375 582,722

For-profit 4-year ............. 7,659 18,147 28,303 43,438 59,243 100,817 257,885 470,626 620,210 750,645 811,607 925,873 1,173,459 1,466,792

2-year......................... 2,319,385 3,970,119 4,526,287 4,531,077 5,240,083 5,492,529 5,948,431 6,494,234 6,545,863 6,488,055 6,518,540 6,617,930 6,971,378 7,521,406

Full-time............................. 1,228,911 1,761,078 1,753,795 1,690,607 1,883,962 1,977,047 2,217,049 2,650,393 2,683,538 2,646,802 2,643,306 2,692,593 2,832,197 3,248,723

Males ............................. 771,299 1,035,561 879,716 826,308 881,392 878,215 995,841 1,162,578 1,166,572 1,153,766 1,159,837 1,190,108 1,249,863 1,448,410

Females ......................... 457,612 725,517 874,079 864,299 1,002,570 1,098,832 1,221,208 1,487,815 1,516,966 1,493,036 1,483,469 1,502,485 1,582,334 1,800,313

Part-time ............................ 1,090,474 2,209,041 2,772,492 2,840,470 3,356,121 3,515,482 3,731,382 3,843,841 3,862,325 3,841,253 3,875,234 3,925,337 4,139,181 4,272,683

Males ............................. 603,358 1,129,783 1,167,317 1,175,926 1,351,377 1,450,394 1,562,759 1,527,463 1,531,024 1,526,602 1,544,902 1,580,463 1,686,021 1,748,150

Females ......................... 487,116 1,079,258 1,605,175 1,664,544 2,004,744 2,065,088 2,168,623 2,316,378 2,331,301 2,314,651 2,330,332 2,344,874 2,453,160 2,524,533

Public 2-year...................... 2,195,412 3,836,366 4,328,782 4,269,733 4,996,475 5,277,829 5,697,388 6,209,257 6,243,576 6,184,229 6,225,120 6,324,119 6,640,344 7,101,445

Full-time ......................... 1,129,165 1,662,621 1,595,493 1,496,905 1,716,843 1,840,590 2,000,008 2,406,233 2,425,621 2,387,016 2,391,799 2,442,140 2,548,488 2,880,631

Males ......................... 720,440 988,701 811,871 742,673 810,664 818,605 891,282 1,060,015 1,065,127 1,055,029 1,067,223 1,098,772 1,152,037 1,317,630

Females ..................... 408,725 673,920 783,622 754,232 906,179 1,021,985 1,108,726 1,346,218 1,360,494 1,331,987 1,324,576 1,343,368 1,396,451 1,563,001

Part-time ........................ 1,066,247 2,173,745 2,733,289 2,772,828 3,279,632 3,437,239 3,697,380 3,803,024 3,817,955 3,797,213 3,833,321 3,881,979 4,091,856 4,220,814

Males ......................... 589,439 1,107,680 1,152,268 1,138,011 1,317,730 1,417,488 1,549,407 1,514,539 1,517,834 1,514,363 1,533,412 1,568,247 1,671,716 1,732,613

Females ..................... 476,808 1,066,065 1,581,021 1,634,817 1,961,902 2,019,751 2,147,973 2,288,485 2,300,121 2,282,850 2,299,909 2,313,732 2,420,140 2,488,201

Private 2-year .................... 123,973 133,753 197,505 261,344 243,608 214,700 251,043 284,977 302,287 303,826 293,420 293,811 331,034 419,961

Full-time ......................... 99,746 98,457 158,302 193,702 167,119 136,457 217,041 244,160 257,917 259,786 251,507 250,453 283,709 368,092

Males ......................... 50,859 46,860 67,845 83,635 70,728 59,610 104,559 102,563 101,445 98,737 92,614 91,336 97,826 130,780

Females ..................... 48,887 51,597 90,457 110,067 96,391 76,847 112,482 141,597 156,472 161,049 158,893 159,117 185,883 237,312

Part-time ........................ 24,227 35,296 39,203 67,642 76,489 78,243 34,002 40,817 44,370 44,040 41,913 43,358 47,325 51,869

Males ......................... 13,919 22,103 15,049 37,915 33,647 32,906 13,352 12,924 13,190 12,239 11,490 12,216 14,305 15,537

Females ..................... 10,308 13,193 24,154 29,727 42,842 45,337 20,650 27,893 31,180 31,801 30,423 31,142 33,020 36,332

Not-for-profit 2-year........ 113,299 112,997 114,094 108,791 89,158 75,154 58,844 43,868 42,250 43,522 39,156 33,486 35,351 34,767

Full-time ..................... 91,514 82,158 83,009 76,547 62,003 54,033 46,670 32,172 28,903 28,939 25,969 21,295 23,270 23,483

Males...................... 46,030 40,548 34,968 30,878 25,946 23,265 21,950 14,371 12,347 12,086 10,832 8,691 9,244 9,578

Females.................. 45,484 41,610 48,041 45,669 36,057 30,768 24,720 17,801 16,556 16,853 15,137 12,604 14,026 13,905

Part-time .................... 21,785 30,839 31,085 32,244 27,155 21,121 12,174 11,696 13,347 14,583 13,187 12,191 12,081 11,284

Males...................... 12,097 18,929 11,445 10,786 7,970 6,080 4,499 3,238 3,385 3,566 3,044 3,003 2,867 2,721

Females.................. 9,688 11,910 19,640 21,458 19,185 15,041 7,675 8,458 9,962 11,017 10,143 9,188 9,214 8,563

For-profit 2-year ............. 10,674 20,756 83,411 152,553 154,450 139,546 192,199 241,109 260,037 260,304 254,264 260,325 295,683 385,194
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 205. Fall enrollment and number of degree-granting institutions, by control and affiliation of institution: Selected years, 1980 through 2009Control and affiliation

Total enrollment Enrollment, fall 2009

Fall 1980 Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Total

Full-time Part-time

Males Females Males Females Fall 1980 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

All institutions .............................................. 12,096,895 13,818,637 15,312,289 17,758,870 18,248,128 19,102,814 20,427,711 5,670,644 7,052,138 3,098,860 4,606,069 3,226 

Public institutions................................................... 9,457,394 10,844,717 11,752,786 13,180,133 13,490,780 13,972,153 14,810,642 3,943,800 4,586,544 2,565,769 3,714,529 1,493 

 Federal............................................................. 50,989 50,669 16,917 17,344 20,515 20,441 21,722 14,447 5,206 676 1,393 12 

 State ................................................................ (\2\) 7,181,380 9,548,090 10,849,760 11,096,629 11,452,186 12,104,170 3,403,264 3,975,133 1,926,619 2,799,154 (\2\) 

 Local ................................................................ (\2\) 3,508,941 2,078,090 2,127,983 2,185,618 2,302,730 2,478,076 471,982 542,308 603,936 859,850 (\2\) 

 Other public...................................................... 9,406,405 103,727 109,689 185,046 188,018 196,796 206,674 54,107 63,897 34,538 54,132 1,481 

Private institutions ................................................. 2,639,501 2,973,920 3,559,503 4,578,737 4,757,348 5,130,661 5,617,069 1,726,844 2,465,594 533,091 891,540 1,733 

 Independent not-for-profit ................................ 1,521,614 1,474,818 1,577,242 1,814,579 1,839,639 1,888,905 1,953,136 654,928 788,501 203,775 305,932 795  For-profit .......................................................... 111,714 213,693 450,084 1,065,871 1,186,198 1,469,142 1,851,986 495,891 889,902 165,938 300,255 164 

 Religiously affiliated3........................................ 1,006,173 1,285,409 1,532,177 1,698,287 1,731,511 1,772,614 1,811,947 576,025 787,191 163,378 285,353 774 

Advent Christian Church ................................ 143 — — — — — — — — — — 1 African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church ...... 1,091 88 34 1,300 1,317 1,366 1,485 761 635 31 58 3 African Methodist Episcopal........................... 4,541 3,220 5,980 3,116 2,983 2,880 2,677 1,190 1,304 86 97 6 

American Baptist............................................ 6,131 10,800 15,410 14,381 14,821 14,441 14,716 3,851 5,657 1,656 3,552 11 

American Evangelical Lutheran Church......... — — 743 1,429 1,375 1,432 1,387 627 678 38 44 — American Lutheran and Lutheran Church in 

America.................................................... 3,092 — 1,460 — — — — — — — — 3 

American Lutheran......................................... 21,608 — — — — — 22 5 17 0 0 13 Assemblies of God Church ............................ 7,814 8,307 14,272 14,560 14,859 15,080 15,137 5,349 6,639 1,464 1,685 10 Baptist ............................................................ 38,231 99,510 107,610 130,113 142,145 153,525 165,848 51,109 66,750 20,291 27,698 33 

Brethren Church............................................. 3,925 958 2,088 8,035 8,141 7,954 8,191 2,436 2,923 1,169 1,663 3 Brethren in Christ Church .............................. 1,301 2,239 2,797 — — — — — — — — 1 Christian and Missionary Alliance Church ..... 1,705 2,519 5,278 6,391 6,565 6,316 6,331 1,965 2,679 702 985 3 Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) ............ 14,913 30,397 35,984 45,537 46,747 47,693 50,064 13,375 21,561 5,624 9,504 12 Christian Churches and Churches of Christ .. 1,342 2,263 7,277 9,405 9,236 9,005 9,263 3,785 3,638 1,008 832 7 Christian Methodist Episcopal........................ 2,486 2,174 1,502 3,863 3,750 4,503 4,901 2,315 2,408 65 113 4 

Christian Reformed Church ........................... 5,408 4,488 5,999 5,748 5,830 5,808 5,665 2,583 2,800 134 148 3 

Church of Christ (Scientist) ............................ 2,773 2,557 — — — — — — — — — 6 Church of God of Prophecy ........................... — 249 — — — — — — — — — — Church of God................................................ 6,082 5,627 12,540 14,753 15,278 15,977 15,117 4,884 7,124 1,476 1,633 9 Church of New Jerusalem.............................. 170 — — — — — — — — — — 1 Church of the Brethren................................... 8,482 4,463 4,187 5,494 5,549 5,620 5,861 2,239 3,008 236 378 6 Church of the Nazarene................................. 11,716 10,779 16,661 20,868 21,048 20,863 21,389 6,683 9,862 1,814 3,030 10 

Churches of Christ ......................................... 9,343 14,611 30,140 33,028 33,755 34,368 34,996 11,835 14,349 3,395 5,417 9 Cumberland Presbyterian .............................. 594 746 1,112 2,381 2,433 2,688 3,247 1,077 1,569 235 366 2 Evangelical Congregational Church............... 80 88 148 177 168 158 159 31 20 66 42 1 Evangelical Covenant Church of America...... 1,401 1,035 2,387 3,023 3,200 3,244 3,186 777 1,108 382 919 1 Evangelical Free Church of America.............. 833 2,355 4,022 3,028 3,121 3,021 3,106 851 712 930 613 1 Evangelical Lutheran Church ......................... 743 49,210 49,085 54,970 55,028 55,251 56,088 22,041 28,256 2,253 3,538 3 Free Methodist ............................................... 5,543 5,902 7,323 9,345 9,699 11,774 12,090 3,170 6,026 764 2,130 5 

Free Will Baptist Church ................................ 1,132 1,177 2,378 3,842 3,890 3,989 4,143 1,149 2,130 360 504 4 Friends United Meeting .................................. 1,109 — — — — — — — — — — 1

Friends ........................................................... 5,157 5,844 10,898 13,568 13,479 13,285 13,786 4,663 6,099 1,167 1,857 5 

General Conference Mennonite Church ........ 820 1,243 1,059 — — — — — — — — 2 

Greek Orthodox ............................................. 204 148 132 196 186 190 203 151 50 2 0 1 Interdenominational ....................................... 1,254 11,103 9,788 23,066 23,776 23,161 23,038 7,984 9,912 2,622 2,520 4 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.1Counts of institutions in this table may be lower than reported in other tables, because counts in this table include only institutions reporting separate enrollment data.2Included under “Other public.” 3Religious affiliation as reported by institution. NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degreegranting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degreegranting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classifica

excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Adata have been revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisvey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education” and “Instituthrough 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollmeteristics Survey” (IPEDS-IC:90), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010. (This ta

Jewish ............................................................ 5,738 12,217 14,182 8,412 8,329 8,861 8,468 6,912 925 184 447 24 Latter-Day Saints ........................................... 39,172 42,274 44,680 52,091 51,711 52,321 53,249 22,609 23,424 3,446 3,770 4 Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod ................ 11,727 13,827 18,866 21,107 22,852 24,280 26,384 7,109 10,251 2,416 6,608 15 Lutheran Church in America .......................... 23,877 5,796 4,322 8,238 8,244 8,245 8,264 3,286 4,139 269 570 20 

Mennonite Brethren Church........................... 1,344 1,864 2,390 3,124 3,116 3,192 3,426 880 1,508 312 726 3 Mennonite Church ......................................... 4,008 2,859 3,553 4,150 4,001 4,126 4,325 1,528 2,024 248 525 6 

Missionary Church Inc. .................................. 487 699 1,647 2,081 2,097 2,075 2,165 568 964 196 437 1 

Moravian Church............................................ 2,434 2,511 2,939 3,059 2,981 2,979 3,042 681 1,537 152 672 2 

Multiple Protestant denominations................. 5,526 211 4,690 5,156 5,052 5,014 5,341 1,370 1,553 1,520 898 8 

North American Baptist.................................. 155 — 124 100 121 117 125 40 32 33 20 1 Pentecostal Holiness Church ......................... 767 566 976 1,097 1,007 1,057 1,124 501 484 60 79 3 Presbyterian U.S.A. and United 

Presbyterian............................................. 47,144 77,700 78,950 81,921 82,161 82,508 84,691 30,682 42,967 3,453 7,589 57 

Presbyterian Church in America .................... — 1,877 4,499 2,893 2,137 2,166 2,174 827 836 327 184 — Protestant Episcopal ...................................... 5,396 4,559 5,479 5,015 5,012 4,921 5,036 2,295 2,411 151 179 12 Protestant, other ............................................ 4,072 38,136 30,116 11,026 11,636 15,803 16,207 5,884 6,652 1,821 1,850 11 

Reformed Church in America......................... 2,713 5,525 6,002 6,460 6,582 6,472 6,514 2,560 3,510 219 225 4 

Reformed Episcopal Church .......................... 67 — — — — — — — — — — 1

Reformed Presbyterian Church...................... 2,014 1,556 2,355 2,946 2,868 2,901 2,949 1,140 1,235 331 243 4 Reorganized Latter-Day Saints Church ......... 4,274 4,793 3,390 — — — — — — — — 2 Roman Catholic ............................................. 422,842 530,585 636,336 706,245 715,781 727,894 735,713 210,214 312,828 70,645 142,026 229 

Russian Orthodox .......................................... 47 38 106 106 80 88 79 60 7 8 41

Seventh-Day Adventists ................................. 19,168 15,771 19,223 23,232 23,402 23,880 24,818 7,797 10,387 2,302 4,332 11 

Southern Baptist ............................................ 85,281 49,493 54,275 40,747 43,041 45,026 46,689 12,975 18,363 5,980 9,371 54 Nondenominational ........................................ — 6,758 23,573 27,164 26,753 27,872 27,071 7,809 10,475 4,458 4,329 — Unitarian Universalist ..................................... 87 82 132 218 133 138 171 41 67 21 42 2 United Brethren Church ................................. 545 601 938 1,071 1,148 1,230 1,270 461 581 116 112 1 United Church of Christ ................................. 14,169 20,175 23,709 26,993 25,958 26,878 27,507 8,751 11,737 2,083 4,936 16 United Methodist ............................................ 127,099 148,851 171,109 192,958 197,230 198,669 202,913 72,550 93,880 13,257 23,226 91 

Wesleyan Church ........................................... 3,583 5,311 11,128 19,288 19,886 20,568 20,492 6,602 11,757 777 1,356 5 

Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod ......... 808 931 1,660 1,561 1,518 1,595 1,603 665 761 107 70 1 Other religiously affiliated .............................. 462 5,743 2,534 8,211 8,295 8,146 8,041 2,342 3,982 516 1,201 1 

Table 205. Fall enrollment and number of degree-granting institutions, by control and affiliation of institution: Selected years, 1980 through 2009—ContinuedControl and affiliation

Total enrollment Enrollment, fall 2009

Fall 1980 Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Total

Full-time Part-time

Males Females Males Females Fall 1980 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 301

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Excludes first-time freshmen in occupational programs not creditable towards a bachelor’s

degree. 

2Data for 2-year branches of 4-year college systems are aggregated with the 4-year institutions. 3Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission

of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology.

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges

and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A:

Guide to Sources for details.) Beginning in fall 2000, data are for first-time degree/certificateseeking undergraduates. Alaska and Hawaii are included in all years. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial

Survey of Education in the United States; Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1963

through 1965; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1966 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring

2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 206. Total first-time freshmen fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and type and control of 

institution: 1955 through 2009

Year

Total, all

freshmen Full-time Part-time

Males Females 4-year 2-year

Total Full-time Part-time Total Full-time Part-time Public Private Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

19551 ............................... 670,013 — — 415,604 — — 254,409 — — 283,084 2 246,960 2 117,288 2 22,681 2

19561 ............................... 717,504 — — 442,903 — — 274,601 — — 292,743 2 261,951 2 137,406 2 25,404 2

19571 ............................... 723,879 — — 441,969 — — 281,910 — — 293,544 2 262,695 2 140,522 2 27,118 2

19581 ............................... 775,308 — — 465,422 — — 309,886 — — 328,242 2 272,117 2 146,379 2 28,570 2

19591 ............................... 821,520 — — 487,890 — — 333,630 — — 348,150 2 291,691 2 153,393 2 28,286 2

19601 ............................... 923,069 — — 539,512 — — 383,557 — — 395,884 2 313,209 2 181,860 2 32,116 2

19611 ............................... 1,018,361 — — 591,913 — — 426,448 — — 438,135 2 336,449 2 210,101 2 33,676 2

19621 ............................... 1,030,554 — — 598,099 — — 432,455 — — 445,191 2 324,923 2 224,537 2 35,903 2

19631 ............................... 1,046,424 — — 604,282 — — 442,142 — — — — — —

19641 ............................... 1,224,840 — — 701,524 — — 523,316 — — 539,251 2 363,348 2 275,413 2 46,828 2

19651 ............................... 1,441,822 — — 829,215 — — 612,607 — — 642,233 2 398,792 2 347,788 2 53,009 2

1966................................. 1,554,337 — — 889,516 — — 664,821 — — 626,472 2 382,889 2 478,459 2 66,517 2

1967................................. 1,640,936 1,335,512 305,424 931,127 761,299 169,828 709,809 574,213 135,596 644,525 368,300 561,488 66,623

1968................................. 1,892,849 1,470,653 422,196 1,082,367 847,005 235,362 810,482 623,648 186,834 724,377 378,052 718,562 71,858

1969................................. 1,967,104 1,525,290 441,814 1,118,269 876,280 241,989 848,835 649,010 199,825 699,167 391,508 814,132 62,297

1970................................. 2,063,397 1,587,072 476,325 1,151,960 896,281 255,679 911,437 690,791 220,646 717,449 395,886 890,703 59,359

1971................................. 2,119,018 1,606,036 512,982 1,170,518 895,715 274,803 948,500 710,321 238,179 704,052 384,695 971,295 58,976

1972................................. 2,152,778 1,574,197 578,581 1,157,501 858,254 299,247 995,277 715,943 279,334 680,337 380,982 1,036,616 54,843

1973................................. 2,226,041 1,607,269 618,772 1,182,173 867,314 314,859 1,043,868 739,955 303,913 698,777 378,994 1,089,182 59,088

1974................................. 2,365,761 1,673,333 692,428 1,243,790 896,077 347,713 1,121,971 777,256 344,715 745,637 386,391 1,175,759 57,974

1975................................. 2,515,155 1,763,296 751,859 1,327,935 942,198 385,737 1,187,220 821,098 366,122 771,725 395,440 1,283,523 64,467

1976................................. 2,347,014 1,662,333 684,681 1,170,326 854,597 315,729 1,176,688 807,736 368,952 717,373 413,961 1,152,944 62,736

1977................................. 2,394,426 1,680,916 713,510 1,155,856 839,848 316,008 1,238,570 841,068 397,502 737,497 404,631 1,185,648 66,650

1978................................. 2,389,627 1,650,848 738,779 1,141,777 817,294 324,483 1,247,850 833,554 414,296 736,703 406,669 1,173,544 72,711

1979................................. 2,502,896 1,706,732 796,164 1,179,846 840,315 339,531 1,323,050 866,417 456,633 760,119 415,126 1,253,854 73,797

1980................................. 2,587,644 1,749,928 837,716 1,218,961 862,458 356,503 1,368,683 887,470 481,213 765,395 417,937 1,313,591 90,721 3

1981................................. 2,595,421 1,737,714 857,707 1,217,680 851,833 365,847 1,377,741 885,881 491,860 754,007 419,257 1,318,436 103,721 3

1982................................. 2,505,466 1,688,620 816,846 1,199,237 837,223 362,014 1,306,229 851,397 454,832 730,775 404,252 1,254,193 116,246 3

1983................................. 2,443,703 1,678,071 765,632 1,159,049 824,609 334,440 1,284,654 853,462 431,192 728,244 403,882 1,189,869 121,708

1984................................. 2,356,898 1,613,185 743,713 1,112,303 786,099 326,204 1,244,595 827,086 417,509 713,790 402,959 1,130,311 109,838

1985................................. 2,292,222 1,602,038 690,184 1,075,736 774,858 300,878 1,216,486 827,180 389,306 717,199 398,556 1,060,275 116,192

1986................................. 2,219,208 1,589,451 629,757 1,046,527 768,856 277,671 1,172,681 820,595 352,086 719,974 391,673 990,973 116,588

1987................................. 2,246,359 1,626,719 619,640 1,046,615 779,226 267,389 1,199,744 847,493 352,251 757,833 405,113 979,820 103,593

1988................................. 2,378,803 1,698,927 679,876 1,100,026 807,319 292,707 1,278,777 891,608 387,169 783,358 425,907 1,048,914 120,624

1989................................. 2,341,035 1,656,594 684,441 1,094,750 791,295 303,455 1,246,285 865,299 380,986 762,217 413,836 1,048,529 116,453

1990................................. 2,256,624 1,617,118 639,506 1,045,191 771,372 273,819 1,211,433 845,746 365,687 727,264 400,120 1,041,097 88,143

1991................................. 2,277,920 1,652,983 624,937 1,068,433 798,043 270,390 1,209,487 854,940 354,547 717,697 392,904 1,070,048 97,271

1992................................. 2,184,113 1,603,737 580,376 1,013,058 760,290 252,768 1,171,055 843,447 327,608 697,393 408,306 993,074 85,340

1993................................. 2,160,710 1,608,274 552,436 1,007,647 762,240 245,407 1,153,063 846,034 307,029 702,273 410,688 973,545 74,204

1994................................. 2,133,205 1,603,106 530,099 984,558 751,081 233,477 1,148,647 852,025 296,622 709,042 405,917 952,468 65,778

1995................................. 2,168,831 1,646,812 522,019 1,001,052 767,185 233,867 1,167,779 879,627 288,152 731,836 419,025 954,595 63,375

1996................................. 2,274,319 1,739,852 534,467 1,046,662 805,982 240,680 1,227,657 933,870 293,787 741,164 427,442 989,536 116,177

1997................................. 2,219,255 1,733,512 485,743 1,026,058 806,054 220,004 1,193,197 927,458 265,739 755,362 442,397 923,954 97,542

1998................................. 2,212,593 1,775,412 437,181 1,022,656 825,577 197,079 1,189,937 949,835 240,102 792,772 460,948 858,417 100,456

1999................................. 2,351,932 1,845,407 506,525 1,091,802 863,377 228,425 1,260,130 982,030 278,100 818,957 473,562 952,319 107,094

2000................................. 2,427,551 1,918,093 509,458 1,123,948 894,432 229,516 1,303,603 1,023,661 279,942 842,228 498,532 952,175 134,616

2001................................. 2,497,078 1,989,179 507,899 1,152,837 926,393 226,444 1,344,241 1,062,786 281,455 866,619 508,030 988,726 133,703

2002................................. 2,570,611 2,053,065 517,546 1,170,609 945,938 224,671 1,400,002 1,107,127 292,875 886,297 517,621 1,037,267 129,426

2003................................. 2,591,754 2,102,394 489,360 1,175,856 965,075 210,781 1,415,898 1,137,319 278,579 918,602 537,726 1,004,428 130,998

2004................................. 2,630,243 2,147,546 482,697 1,190,268 981,591 208,677 1,439,975 1,165,955 274,020 925,249 562,485 1,009,082 133,427

2005................................. 2,657,338 2,189,884 467,454 1,200,055 995,610 204,445 1,457,283 1,194,274 263,009 953,903 606,712 977,224 119,499

2006................................. 2,707,213 2,219,853 487,360 1,228,665 1,015,585 213,080 1,478,548 1,204,268 274,280 990,262 598,412 1,013,080 105,459

2007................................. 2,776,168 2,293,855 482,313 1,267,030 1,052,600 214,430 1,509,138 1,241,255 267,833 1,023,543 633,296 1,016,262 103,067

2008................................. 3,024,723 2,427,740 596,983 1,389,302 1,115,500 273,802 1,635,421 1,312,240 323,181 1,053,838 673,581 1,186,576 110,728

2009................................. 3,210,237 2,586,840 623,397 1,479,801 1,192,553 287,248 1,730,436 1,394,287 336,149 1,090,769 713,284 1,275,630 130,554
302 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data are for first-time degree/certificate-seeking

undergraduates.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000

through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2001

through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 207. Total first-time freshmen fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, control of institution, and state or 

jurisdiction: Selected years, 2000 through 2009

State or jurisdiction

Total,

fall 2000

Total,

fall 2005

Total,

fall 2006

Total,

fall 2007

Total,

fall 2008

Fall 2009

Total

Full-time Part-time

Total Males Females Total Males Females Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States .................... 2,427,551 2,657,338 2,707,213 2,776,168 3,024,723 3,210,237 2,586,840 1,192,553 1,394,287 623,397 287,248 336,149 2,366,399 843,838

Alabama .................................... 43,411 42,461 42,821 45,686 51,456 52,976 46,171 20,644 25,527 6,805 3,013 3,792 44,996 7,980

Alaska........................................ 2,432 2,899 2,984 2,979 3,193 3,770 2,902 1,312 1,590 868 350 518 3,442 328

Arizona ...................................... 46,646 76,987 63,830 75,310 89,486 108,769 88,162 33,317 54,845 20,607 9,577 11,030 54,084 54,685

Arkansas.................................... 22,695 24,480 23,545 25,424 26,838 28,607 25,277 11,641 13,636 3,330 1,463 1,867 24,563 4,044

California ................................... 246,128 266,989 294,343 302,592 433,287 427,276 263,625 120,295 143,330 163,651 82,115 81,536 361,738 65,538

Colorado .................................... 43,201 47,330 52,309 51,814 54,978 59,123 46,184 20,958 25,226 12,939 5,563 7,376 41,124 17,999

Connecticut................................ 24,212 27,520 27,913 28,490 30,754 31,282 27,030 12,491 14,539 4,252 1,792 2,460 19,874 11,408

Delaware.................................... 7,636 8,763 8,259 9,197 9,231 9,219 8,436 3,774 4,662 783 331 452 7,890 1,329

District of Columbia ................... 9,150 11,334 9,996 10,437 13,734 15,728 9,429 3,790 5,639 6,299 2,182 4,117 897 14,831

Florida........................................ 109,931 136,694 143,052 149,125 153,189 166,939 128,674 56,279 72,395 38,265 16,767 21,498 119,809 47,130

Georgia...................................... 67,616 74,267 76,298 79,370 86,199 97,882 81,142 35,866 45,276 16,740 6,959 9,781 77,655 20,227

Hawaii........................................ 8,931 8,466 8,316 8,846 9,668 10,406 7,747 3,565 4,182 2,659 1,270 1,389 8,416 1,990

Idaho.......................................... 10,669 12,549 11,555 11,657 12,057 12,964 11,469 5,148 6,321 1,495 707 788 9,297 3,667

Illinois......................................... 107,592 111,724 109,524 111,851 119,139 123,789 102,505 46,464 56,041 21,284 9,752 11,532 75,582 48,207

Indiana....................................... 59,320 61,915 64,138 66,307 73,439 78,777 65,647 31,525 34,122 13,130 6,603 6,527 57,355 21,422

Iowa ........................................... 39,564 41,242 38,985 42,447 44,777 49,240 38,617 18,879 19,738 10,623 3,380 7,243 30,250 18,990

Kansas....................................... 31,424 29,173 29,057 28,816 29,593 32,777 27,203 13,914 13,289 5,574 2,553 3,021 28,238 4,539

Kentucky .................................... 34,140 37,766 38,697 39,996 40,207 42,403 36,872 16,339 20,533 5,531 2,316 3,215 32,796 9,607

Louisiana ................................... 45,383 32,018 35,643 36,444 38,473 41,378 37,127 15,512 21,615 4,251 1,654 2,597 34,088 7,290

Maine......................................... 9,231 11,181 11,465 11,779 12,142 11,598 10,417 5,098 5,319 1,181 467 714 7,813 3,785

Maryland.................................... 35,552 44,288 47,166 45,618 47,770 50,251 38,429 17,891 20,538 11,822 5,091 6,731 42,538 7,713

Massachusetts........................... 66,044 70,873 71,764 74,276 75,530 78,183 69,153 32,084 37,069 9,030 3,833 5,197 38,920 39,263

Michigan .................................... 84,998 93,221 96,812 98,287 96,416 101,933 80,360 37,863 42,497 21,573 9,567 12,006 82,846 19,087

Minnesota .................................. 63,893 57,822 54,004 54,697 55,023 58,178 48,481 24,264 24,217 9,697 4,212 5,485 42,018 16,160

Mississippi ................................. 30,356 33,665 32,480 33,719 33,578 35,301 31,021 13,607 17,414 4,280 1,752 2,528 32,724 2,577

Missouri ..................................... 48,639 52,678 52,569 54,063 57,833 63,226 54,916 24,948 29,968 8,310 3,649 4,661 43,882 19,344

Montana..................................... 7,771 8,654 8,554 7,999 8,520 9,191 7,936 4,176 3,760 1,255 577 678 8,213 978

Nebraska ................................... 19,027 19,015 18,519 18,782 18,109 18,901 17,014 8,249 8,765 1,887 805 1,082 14,860 4,041

Nevada ...................................... 10,490 15,117 15,052 15,693 18,536 20,073 11,354 5,121 6,233 8,719 4,753 3,966 18,103 1,970

New Hampshire ......................... 13,143 12,692 12,985 12,701 13,056 13,208 12,005 5,632 6,373 1,203 538 665 8,578 4,630

New Jersey ................................ 52,233 58,396 61,540 63,973 65,959 69,460 60,068 28,938 31,130 9,392 4,302 5,090 58,156 11,304

New Mexico ............................... 15,261 16,653 16,961 17,940 19,569 21,572 16,924 8,224 8,700 4,648 2,300 2,348 20,207 1,365

New York.................................... 168,181 181,328 182,929 188,243 193,929 199,999 189,236 89,512 99,724 10,763 4,929 5,834 120,304 79,695

North Carolina ........................... 69,343 79,628 84,968 84,397 88,596 96,673 76,743 35,089 41,654 19,930 8,785 11,145 78,170 18,503

North Dakota ............................. 8,929 8,296 8,365 8,333 8,733 9,082 8,585 4,551 4,034 497 212 285 7,887 1,195

Ohio ........................................... 98,823 102,800 103,531 107,336 108,929 120,546 105,855 50,094 55,761 14,691 6,956 7,735 86,174 34,372

Oklahoma .................................. 35,094 35,318 34,751 34,770 33,339 38,131 31,454 15,079 16,375 6,677 2,947 3,730 31,874 6,257

Oregon....................................... 26,946 28,944 29,704 30,954 33,748 37,661 28,120 13,190 14,930 9,541 4,364 5,177 30,449 7,212

Pennsylvania.............................. 125,578 132,758 137,903 137,908 143,938 144,127 127,070 60,675 66,395 17,057 6,762 10,295 81,675 62,452

Rhode Island ............................. 13,789 15,277 16,103 16,588 16,543 15,800 14,260 6,599 7,661 1,540 715 825 7,807 7,993

South Carolina........................... 32,353 38,469 39,557 42,252 43,405 47,807 41,569 18,534 23,035 6,238 2,573 3,665 37,970 9,837

South Dakota............................. 8,597 8,780 9,280 8,743 8,920 9,627 8,429 4,343 4,086 1,198 399 799 7,600 2,027

Tennessee ................................. 43,327 49,076 50,120 51,317 53,671 59,028 53,418 23,434 29,984 5,610 2,381 3,229 40,598 18,430

Texas ......................................... 181,813 202,388 198,219 189,075 199,333 222,018 164,656 76,029 88,627 57,362 27,649 29,713 185,426 36,592

Utah ........................................... 24,953 28,501 29,402 29,662 30,331 33,067 25,994 12,219 13,775 7,073 3,406 3,667 23,442 9,625

Vermont ..................................... 6,810 7,684 7,191 7,490 7,744 8,043 7,500 3,875 3,625 543 215 328 4,874 3,169

Virginia....................................... 52,661 68,005 73,708 78,847 81,742 86,659 73,092 32,344 40,748 13,567 6,072 7,495 61,543 25,116

Washington................................ 36,287 38,367 37,269 38,106 41,221 43,411 38,753 18,381 20,372 4,658 2,190 2,468 34,647 8,764

West Virginia.............................. 15,659 16,675 16,926 18,194 19,954 22,021 18,439 8,830 9,609 3,582 2,280 1,302 16,035 5,986

Wisconsin .................................. 53,662 55,326 55,816 57,420 58,310 61,335 51,325 25,067 26,258 10,010 3,882 6,128 49,438 11,897

Wyoming.................................... 4,209 6,661 6,104 6,045 6,241 6,454 5,677 3,329 2,348 777 338 439 5,166 1,288

U.S. Service Academies............ 3,818 4,225 4,231 4,173 4,357 4,368 4,368 3,571 797 0 0 0 4,368 †

Other jurisdictions ........... 39,609 41,800 42,847 43,611 45,452 45,246 41,723 18,757 22,966 3,523 1,565 1,958 17,637 27,609

American Samoa....................... 297 597 531 602 504 586 295 129 166 291 140 151 586 0

Federated States of Micronesia 786 761 1,112 954 856 924 715 347 368 209 129 80 924 0

Guam......................................... 770 1,117 1,149 621 702 874 645 260 385 229 108 121 854 20

Marshall Islands......................... 199 12 6 158 211 254 132 63 69 122 50 72 254 0

Northern Marianas .................... 333 199 192 228 151 306 260 111 149 46 25 21 306 0

Palau.......................................... 147 105 134 118 92 87 78 47 31 9 5 4 87 0

Puerto Rico................................ 36,773 38,648 39,343 40,526 42,381 41,735 39,179 17,666 21,513 2,556 1,093 1,463 14,146 27,589

U.S. Virgin Islands ..................... 304 361 380 404 555 480 419 134 285 61 15 46 480 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 303

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Individuals ages 16 to 24 who graduated from high school or completed a GED during the

preceding 12 months.

2Enrollment in college as of October of each year for individuals ages 16 to 24 who completed high school during the preceding 12 months.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian population. High school completion

data in this table differ from figures appearing in other tables because of varying survey procedures and coverage. High school completers include GED recipients. Standard errors

appear in parentheses. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: American College Testing Program, unpublished tabulations, derived from statistics collected by the Census Bureau, 1960 through 1969. U.S. Department of Commerce,

Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, 1970 through 2009. (This table

was prepared August 2010.)

Table 208. Recent high school completers and their enrollment in college, by sex: 1960 through 2009

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Number of high school completers1 Enrolled in college2

Total Males Females

Total Males Females

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

1960.................................... 1,679 (43.8) 756 (31.8) 923 (29.6) 758 (40.9) 45.1 (2.13) 408 (29.5) 54.0 (3.18) 350 (28.2) 37.9 (2.80)

1961.................................... 1,763 (46.0) 790 (33.2) 973 (31.3) 847 (42.9) 48.0 (2.09) 445 (30.8) 56.3 (3.10) 402 (29.9) 41.3 (2.77)

1962.................................... 1,838 (43.6) 872 (31.5) 966 (30.0) 900 (43.2) 49.0 (2.05) 480 (31.1) 55.0 (2.96) 420 (30.0) 43.5 (2.80)

1963.................................... 1,741 (44.2) 794 (32.1) 947 (30.0) 784 (41.5) 45.0 (2.09) 415 (29.8) 52.3 (3.11) 369 (28.8) 39.0 (2.78)

1964.................................... 2,145 (43.0) 997 (31.9) 1,148 (28.5) 1,037 (45.6) 48.3 (1.89) 570 (32.9) 57.2 (2.75) 467 (31.4) 40.7 (2.54)

1965.................................... 2,659 (47.7) 1,254 (35.1) 1,405 (32.0) 1,354 (51.4) 50.9 (1.70) 718 (36.7) 57.3 (2.45) 636 (35.8) 45.3 (2.33)

1966.................................... 2,612 (45.0) 1,207 (33.8) 1,405 (29.0) 1,309 (50.2) 50.1 (1.72) 709 (36.0) 58.7 (2.49) 600 (34.8) 42.7 (2.32)

1967.................................... 2,525 (37.9) 1,142 (28.4) 1,383 (24.3) 1,311 (40.9) 51.9 (1.42) 658 (28.9) 57.6 (2.09) 653 (28.9) 47.2 (1.92)

1968.................................... 2,606 (37.3) 1,184 (28.2) 1,422 (23.8) 1,444 (41.7) 55.4 (1.39) 748 (29.6) 63.2 (2.00) 696 (29.3) 48.9 (1.89)

1969.................................... 2,842 (36.0) 1,352 (26.8) 1,490 (23.7) 1,516 (42.5) 53.3 (1.34) 812 (30.3) 60.1 (1.90) 704 (29.7) 47.2 (1.85)

1970.................................... 2,758 (37.4) 1,343 (26.1) 1,415 (26.8) 1,427 (42.2) 51.7 (1.36) 741 (29.7) 55.2 (1.94) 686 (29.8) 48.5 (1.90)

1971.................................... 2,875 (38.0) 1,371 (26.6) 1,504 (27.1) 1,538 (43.2) 53.5 (1.33) 790 (30.3) 57.6 (1.90) 749 (30.8) 49.8 (1.84)

1972.................................... 2,964 (37.8) 1,423 (27.0) 1,542 (26.4) 1,459 (43.1) 49.2 (1.31) 750 (30.4) 52.7 (1.89) 709 (30.5) 46.0 (1.81)

1973.................................... 3,058 (37.1) 1,460 (27.6) 1,599 (24.6) 1,424 (43.0) 46.6 (1.29) 730 (30.6) 50.0 (1.87) 694 (30.2) 43.4 (1.77)

1974.................................... 3,101 (38.6) 1,491 (27.8) 1,611 (26.8) 1,475 (43.7) 47.6 (1.28) 736 (30.8) 49.4 (1.85) 740 (31.1) 45.9 (1.77)

1975.................................... 3,185 (38.6) 1,513 (27.3) 1,672 (27.2) 1,615 (44.8) 50.7 (1.26) 796 (31.2) 52.6 (1.83) 818 (32.1) 49.0 (1.75)

1976.................................... 2,986 (39.8) 1,451 (28.9) 1,535 (27.3) 1,458 (43.6) 48.8 (1.31) 685 (30.4) 47.2 (1.87) 773 (31.2) 50.3 (1.82)

1977.................................... 3,141 (40.7) 1,483 (29.7) 1,659 (27.7) 1,590 (45.4) 50.6 (1.29) 773 (31.8) 52.1 (1.87) 817 (32.4) 49.3 (1.77)

1978.................................... 3,163 (39.7) 1,485 (29.3) 1,677 (26.7) 1,585 (45.2) 50.1 (1.28) 759 (31.6) 51.1 (1.87) 827 (32.4) 49.3 (1.76)

1979.................................... 3,160 (40.0) 1,475 (29.2) 1,685 (27.2) 1,559 (45.1) 49.3 (1.28) 744 (31.4) 50.4 (1.88) 815 (32.4) 48.4 (1.76)

1980.................................... 3,088 (39.4) 1,498 (28.4) 1,589 (27.3) 1,523 (44.6) 49.3 (1.30) 700 (30.9) 46.7 (1.86) 823 (32.0) 51.8 (1.81)

1981.................................... 3,056 (42.2) 1,491 (30.4) 1,565 (29.1) 1,648 (45.8) 53.9 (1.30) 817 (32.4) 54.8 (1.86) 831 (32.4) 53.1 (1.82)

1982.................................... 3,100 (40.4) 1,509 (29.0) 1,592 (28.2) 1,569 (46.9) 50.6 (1.36) 741 (32.7) 49.1 (1.95) 828 (33.6) 52.0 (1.90)

1983.................................... 2,963 (41.6) 1,389 (30.4) 1,573 (28.2) 1,562 (46.7) 52.7 (1.39) 721 (32.3) 51.9 (2.03) 841 (33.6) 53.4 (1.91)

1984.................................... 3,012 (36.5) 1,429 (28.7) 1,584 (21.9) 1,663 (46.0) 55.2 (1.37) 801 (32.7) 56.0 (1.99) 862 (32.3) 54.5 (1.90)

1985.................................... 2,668 (40.1) 1,287 (28.7) 1,381 (27.9) 1,540 (45.1) 57.7 (1.45) 755 (31.6) 58.6 (2.08) 785 (32.1) 56.8 (2.02)

1986.................................... 2,786 (38.6) 1,332 (28.5) 1,454 (26.0) 1,498 (45.0) 53.8 (1.43) 743 (31.7) 55.8 (2.06) 755 (31.9) 51.9 (1.99)

1987.................................... 2,647 (40.9) 1,278 (29.8) 1,369 (28.0) 1,503 (45.1) 56.8 (1.46) 746 (31.9) 58.3 (2.09) 757 (31.9) 55.3 (2.04)

1988.................................... 2,673 (47.0) 1,334 (34.1) 1,339 (32.3) 1,575 (50.3) 58.9 (1.57) 761 (35.6) 57.1 (2.24) 814 (35.4) 60.7 (2.20)

1989.................................... 2,450 (46.5) 1,204 (32.9) 1,246 (32.8) 1,460 (48.7) 59.6 (1.64) 693 (34.0) 57.6 (2.35) 767 (34.8) 61.6 (2.27)

1990.................................... 2,362 (43.0) 1,173 (30.6) 1,189 (30.2) 1,420 (45.9) 60.1 (1.60) 680 (32.2) 58.0 (2.29) 740 (32.6) 62.2 (2.24)

1991.................................... 2,276 (41.0) 1,140 (29.0) 1,136 (29.0) 1,423 (44.8) 62.5 (1.62) 660 (31.4) 57.9 (2.33) 763 (31.9) 67.1 (2.22)

1992.................................... 2,397 (40.4) 1,216 (29.1) 1,180 (28.1) 1,483 (45.4) 61.9 (1.58) 729 (32.3) 60.0 (2.24) 754 (31.8) 63.8 (2.23)

1993.................................... 2,342 (41.4) 1,120 (30.6) 1,223 (27.7) 1,467 (45.4) 62.6 (1.59) 670 (31.9) 59.9 (2.33) 797 (32.1) 65.2 (2.17)

1994.................................... 2,517 (38.1) 1,244 (27.9) 1,273 (25.9) 1,559 (43.0) 61.9 (1.43) 754 (30.6) 60.6 (2.05) 805 (30.2) 63.2 (1.99)

1995.................................... 2,599 (40.9) 1,238 (29.9) 1,361 (27.7) 1,610 (44.5) 61.9 (1.41) 775 (31.3) 62.6 (2.03) 835 (31.5) 61.3 (1.95)

1996.................................... 2,660 (40.5) 1,297 (29.5) 1,363 (27.7) 1,729 (46.1) 65.0 (1.42) 779 (32.4) 60.1 (2.09) 950 (32.5) 69.7 (1.92)

1997.................................... 2,769 (41.8) 1,354 (31.0) 1,415 (27.9) 1,856 (47.3) 67.0 (1.38) 860 (33.6) 63.6 (2.01) 995 (32.9) 70.3 (1.87)

1998.................................... 2,810 (43.9) 1,452 (31.0) 1,358 (31.0) 1,844 (48.3) 65.6 (1.38) 906 (34.4) 62.4 (1.96) 938 (33.9) 69.1 (1.93)

1999.................................... 2,897 (41.5) 1,474 (29.9) 1,423 (28.8) 1,822 (47.8) 62.9 (1.38) 905 (34.1) 61.4 (1.95) 917 (33.4) 64.4 (1.95)

2000.................................... 2,756 (45.3) 1,251 (33.6) 1,505 (29.7) 1,745 (48.4) 63.3 (1.41) 749 (33.4) 59.9 (2.13) 996 (34.4) 66.2 (1.88)

2001.................................... 2,549 (46.5) 1,277 (33.7) 1,273 (32.0) 1,574 (47.5) 61.8 (1.48) 767 (33.7) 60.1 (2.11) 808 (33.3) 63.5 (2.08)

2002.................................... 2,796 (42.7) 1,412 (31.3) 1,384 (29.0) 1,824 (46.1) 65.2 (1.31) 877 (33.0) 62.1 (1.88) 947 (32.1) 68.4 (1.82)

2003.................................... 2,677 (42.2) 1,306 (29.9) 1,372 (29.7) 1,711 (45.2) 63.9 (1.35) 799 (31.5) 61.2 (1.97) 913 (32.3) 66.5 (1.86)

2004.................................... 2,752 (40.0) 1,327 (29.1) 1,425 (27.3) 1,835 (44.9) 66.7 (1.31) 815 (31.5) 61.4 (1.95) 1,020 (31.6) 71.5 (1.74)

2005.................................... 2,675 (40.8) 1,262 (31.5) 1,414 (24.9) 1,834 (44.8) 68.6 (1.31) 839 (32.2) 66.5 (1.94) 995 (30.6) 70.4 (1.77)

2006.................................... 2,692 (44.6) 1,328 (32.7) 1,363 (30.1) 1,776 (46.4) 66.0 (1.33) 875 (33.2) 65.8 (1.90) 901 (32.4) 66.1 (1.87)

2007.................................... 2,955 (42.6) 1,511 (30.0) 1,444 (30.3) 1,986 (47.0) 67.2 (1.26) 999 (33.4) 66.1 (1.78) 986 (33.1) 68.3 (1.79)

2008.................................... 3,151 (42.8) 1,640 (29.6) 1,511 (30.9) 2,161 (48.0) 68.6 (1.21) 1,080 (34.1) 65.9 (1.71) 1,081 (33.8) 71.6 (1.69)

2009.................................... 2,937 (45.0) 1,407 (32.8) 1,531 (30.6) 2,058 (48.0) 70.1 (1.23) 928 (33.8) 66.0 (1.84) 1,130 (33.8) 73.8 (1.64)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 209. Recent high school completers and their enrollment in college, by race/ethnicity: 1960 through 2009

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Number of high school completers1 Enrolled in college2

Total White Black3 Hispanic3

Total White Black3 

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1960............................ 1,679 (43.8) 1,565 (44.7) — (†) — (†) 758 (40.9) 45.1 (2.13) 717 (40.2) 45.8 (2.21) — (†) — (†) — 

1961............................ 1,763 (46.0) 1,612 (46.9) — (†) — (†) 847 (42.9) 48.0 (2.09) 798 (42.2) 49.5 (2.19) — (†) — (†) — 

1962............................ 1,838 (43.6) 1,660 (45.2) — (†) — (†) 900 (43.2) 49.0 (2.05) 840 (42.4) 50.6 (2.15) — (†) — (†) — 1963............................ 1,741 (44.2) 1,615 (45.2) — (†) — (†) 784 (41.5) 45.0 (2.09) 736 (40.7) 45.6 (2.17) — (†) — (†) — 

1964............................ 2,145 (43.0) 1,964 (45.4) — (†) — (†) 1,037 (45.6) 48.3 (1.89) 967 (44.8) 49.2 (1.98) — (†) — (†) — 

1965............................ 2,659 (47.7) 2,417 (50.6) — (†) — (†) 1,354 (51.4) 50.9 (1.70) 1,249 (50.4) 51.7 (1.78) — (†) — (†) — 

1966............................ 2,612 (45.0) 2,403 (48.0) — (†) — (†) 1,309 (50.2) 50.1 (1.72) 1,243 (49.6) 51.7 (1.79) — (†) — (†) — 

1967............................ 2,525 (37.9) 2,267 (40.3) — (†) — (†) 1,311 (40.9) 51.9 (1.42) 1,202 (40.1) 53.0 (1.50) — (†) — (†) — 

1968............................ 2,606 (37.3) 2,303 (40.4) — (†) — (†) 1,444 (41.7) 55.4 (1.39) 1,304 (40.9) 56.6 (1.47) — (†) — (†) — 

1969............................ 2,842 (36.0) 2,538 (39.8) — (†) — (†) 1,516 (42.5) 53.3 (1.34) 1,402 (42.0) 55.2 (1.41) — (†) — (†) — 

1970............................ 2,758 (37.4) 2,461 (40.7) — (†) — (†) 1,427 (42.2) 51.7 (1.36) 1,280 (41.2) 52.0 (1.44) — (†) — (†) — 1971............................ 2,875 (38.0) 2,596 (41.1) — (†) — (†) 1,538 (43.2) 53.5 (1.33) 1,402 (42.5) 54.0 (1.40) — (†) — (†) — 

1972............................ 2,964 (37.8) 2,520 (31.2) 316 (18.3) 101 (14.2) 1,459 (43.1) 49.2 (1.31) 1,252 (39.0) 49.7 (1.42) 141 (16.7) 44.6 (4.62) 4

1973............................ 3,058 (37.1) 2,590 (30.8) 324 (18.5) 119 (13.7) 1,424 (43.0) 46.6 (1.29) 1,238 (39.2) 47.8 (1.40) 105 (15.2) 32.5 (4.30) 6

1974............................ 3,101 (38.6) 2,620 (31.4) 325 (19.0) 121 (15.2) 1,475 (43.7) 47.6 (1.28) 1,236 (39.4) 47.2 (1.39) 154 (17.4) 47.2 (4.58) 5

1975............................ 3,185 (38.6) 2,701 (31.9) 302 (15.4) 132 (15.8) 1,615 (44.8) 50.7 (1.26) 1,381 (40.5) 51.1 (1.37) 126 (13.6) 41.7 (3.97) 7

1976............................ 2,986 (39.8) 2,492 (33.1) 290 (15.8) 152 (16.2) 1,458 (43.6) 48.8 (1.31) 1,217 (39.1) 48.8 (1.43) 129 (13.8) 44.4 (4.08) 8

1977............................ 3,141 (40.7) 2,618 (34.0) 325 (19.3) 155 (16.0) 1,590 (45.4) 50.6 (1.29) 1,331 (40.8) 50.8 (1.41) 161 (17.9) 49.5 (4.65) 7

1978............................ 3,163 (39.7) 2,615 (33.7) 345 (18.4) 135 (15.3) 1,585 (45.2) 50.1 (1.28) 1,321 (40.6) 50.5 (1.41) 160 (17.7) 46.4 (4.51) 5

1979............................ 3,160 (40.0) 2,629 (32.7) 319 (19.7) 155 (16.1) 1,559 (45.1) 49.3 (1.28) 1,313 (40.5) 49.9 (1.41) 149 (17.5) 46.7 (4.69) 7

1980............................ 3,088 (39.4) 2,554 (30.9) 350 (19.7) 130 (17.1) 1,523 (44.6) 49.3 (1.30) 1,273 (39.6) 49.8 (1.43) 149 (17.7) 42.7 (4.44) 6

1981............................ 3,056 (42.2) 2,490 (34.1) 349 (20.5) 146 (17.6) 1,648 (45.8) 53.9 (1.30) 1,367 (40.5) 54.9 (1.44) 149 (17.8) 42.7 (4.44) 7

1982............................ 3,100 (40.4) 2,474 (32.9) 382 (19.6) 173 (18.2) 1,569 (46.9) 50.6 (1.36) 1,303 (41.5) 52.7 (1.52) 137 (17.9) 35.8 (4.33) 7

1983............................ 2,963 (41.6) 2,363 (33.1) 390 (21.1) 138 (17.8) 1,562 (46.7) 52.7 (1.39) 1,301 (40.9) 55.0 (1.55) 149 (18.7) 38.2 (4.34) 7

1984............................ 3,012 (36.5) 2,331 (29.1) 433 (18.5) 187 (17.0) 1,663 (46.0) 55.2 (1.37) 1,375 (39.9) 59.0 (1.54) 172 (19.4) 39.8 (4.15) 8

1985............................ 2,668 (40.1) 2,104 (32.3) 332 (19.3) 141 (19.7) 1,540 (45.1) 57.7 (1.45) 1,264 (39.2) 60.1 (1.62) 140 (17.8) 42.2 (4.78) 7

1986............................ 2,786 (38.6) 2,146 (30.3) 378 (18.4) 169 (21.7) 1,498 (45.0) 53.8 (1.43) 1,219 (38.8) 56.8 (1.62) 140 (17.9) 36.9 (4.38) 7

1987............................ 2,647 (40.9) 2,040 (32.4) 333 (20.6) 176 (20.9) 1,503 (45.1) 56.8 (1.46) 1,195 (38.7) 58.6 (1.65) 174 (19.3) 52.2 (4.82) 5

1988............................ 2,673 (47.0) 2,013 (37.9) 378 (22.3) 179 (26.6) 1,575 (50.3) 58.9 (1.57) 1,230 (42.9) 61.1 (1.79) 168 (21.1) 44.4 (4.91) 10

1989............................ 2,450 (46.5) 1,889 (37.3) 332 (21.3) 168 (26.5) 1,460 (48.7) 59.6 (1.64) 1,147 (41.7) 60.7 (1.85) 177 (20.9) 53.4 (5.27) 9

1990............................ 2,362 (43.0) 1,819 (32.2) 331 (21.9) 121 (21.8) 1,420 (45.9) 60.1 (1.60) 1,147 (38.5) 63.0 (1.80) 155 (19.7) 46.8 (5.08) 5

1991............................ 2,276 (41.0) 1,727 (30.3) 310 (20.2) 154 (23.5) 1,423 (44.8) 62.5 (1.62) 1,129 (37.2) 65.4 (1.82) 144 (18.8) 46.4 (5.25) 8

1992............................ 2,397 (40.4) 1,724 (30.9) 354 (21.4) 198 (23.0) 1,483 (45.4) 61.9 (1.58) 1,109 (37.4) 64.3 (1.84) 171 (20.2) 48.2 (4.92) 10

1993............................ 2,342 (41.4) 1,719 (32.6) 304 (20.4) 201 (23.1) 1,467 (45.4) 62.6 (1.59) 1,082 (37.9) 62.9 (1.85) 169 (19.6) 55.6 (5.28) 121994............................ 2,517 (38.1) 1,915 (27.0) 316 (17.9) 178 (17.3) 1,559 (43.0) 61.9 (1.43) 1,236 (35.5) 64.5 (1.61) 161 (16.7) 50.8 (4.42) 8

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. 1Individuals ages 16 to 24 who graduated from high school or completed a GED during the preceding 12 months. 2Enrollment in college as of October of each year for individuals ages 16 to 24 who completed high school during the preced- ing 12 months. 3Due to the small sample size, data are subject to relatively large sampling errors. A 3-year moving average is an arithmetic average of the year indicated, the year immediately preceding, and the year immediately following. Moving averages are used to produce more stable estimates. 4White and Black data exclude persons identifying themselves as two or more 

NOTE: High school completion data in this table differ from figures appearing cedures and coverage. High school completers include GED recipients. Race ity. Total includes persons of other racial/ethnic groups not separately shown. SOURCE: American College Testing Program, unpublished tabulations, deBureau, 1960 through 1969. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Burea1970 through 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

1995............................ 2,599 (40.9) 1,861 (30.1) 349 (19.2) 288 (19.4) 1,610 (44.5) 61.9 (1.41) 1,197 (36.1) 64.3 (1.64) 179 (17.6) 51.2 (4.20) 15

1996............................ 2,660 (40.5) 1,875 (30.8) 406 (17.3) 227 (18.9) 1,729 (46.1) 65.0 (1.42) 1,264 (37.5) 67.4 (1.67) 227 (19.0) 56.0 (4.03) 11

1997............................ 2,769 (41.8) 1,909 (31.8) 384 (19.2) 336 (19.0) 1,856 (47.3) 67.0 (1.38) 1,301 (38.1) 68.2 (1.64) 225 (19.4) 58.5 (4.12) 22

1998............................ 2,810 (43.9) 1,980 (33.0) 386 (20.2) 314 (20.8) 1,844 (48.3) 65.6 (1.38) 1,357 (39.0) 68.5 (1.61) 239 (20.0) 61.9 (4.05) 14

1999............................ 2,897 (41.5) 1,978 (31.8) 436 (15.2) 329 (20.9) 1,822 (47.8) 62.9 (1.38) 1,311 (38.6) 66.3 (1.64) 257 (19.1) 58.9 (3.86) 13

2000............................ 2,756 (45.3) 1,938 (32.9) 393 (20.0) 300 (22.4) 1,745 (48.4) 63.3 (1.41) 1,272 (38.8) 65.7 (1.66) 216 (19.5) 54.9 (4.11) 15

2001............................ 2,549 (46.5) 1,834 (34.8) 381 (20.3) 241 (21.1) 1,574 (47.5) 61.8 (1.48) 1,178 (38.7) 64.3 (1.72) 210 (19.4) 55.0 (4.17) 12

2002............................ 2,796 (42.7) 1,903 (31.3) 382 (19.1) 344 (21.6) 1,824 (46.1) 65.2 (1.31) 1,314 (36.5) 69.1 (1.55) 227 (18.7) 59.4 (3.90) 18

20034 .......................... 2,677 (42.2) 1,832 (30.8) 327 (18.4) 314 (20.9) 1,711 (45.2) 63.9 (1.35) 1,213 (35.9) 66.2 (1.61) 188 (17.4) 57.5 (4.25) 18

20044 .......................... 2,752 (40.0) 1,854 (30.9) 398 (15.5) 286 (19.9) 1,835 (44.9) 66.7 (1.31) 1,276 (36.1) 68.8 (1.57) 249 (17.9) 62.5 (3.77) 1720054 .......................... 2,675 (40.8) 1,799 (30.5) 345 (16.6) 390 (20.6) 1,834 (44.8) 68.6 (1.31) 1,317 (35.4) 73.2 (1.52) 192 (17.1) 55.7 (4.15) 2120064 .......................... 2,692 (44.6) 1,805 (33.2) 318 (19.0) 382 (22.1) 1,776 (46.4) 66.0 (1.33) 1,237 (36.7) 68.5 (1.60) 177 (17.3) 55.5 (4.33) 2220074 .......................... 2,955 (42.6) 2,043 (29.9) 416 (17.6) 355 (22.3) 1,986 (47.0) 67.2 (1.26) 1,421 (36.8) 69.5 (1.49) 232 (18.5) 55.7 (3.78) 2220084 .......................... 3,151 (42.8) 2,091 (31.3) 416 (19.7) 458 (21.9) 2,161 (48.0) 68.6 (1.21) 1,499 (37.5) 71.7 (1.44) 232 (19.2) 55.7 (3.78) 2920094 .......................... 2,937 (45.0) 1,863 (31.6) 415 (19.1) 459 (24.4) 2,058 (48.0) 70.1 (1.23) 1,329 (36.3) 71.3 (1.53) 289 (19.7) 69.5 (3.51) 27

Table 209. Recent high school completers and their enrollment in college, by race/ethnicity: 1960 through 2009—Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Number of high school completers1 Enrolled in college2

Total White Black3 Hispanic3

Total White Black3 

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes only students who were enrolled in 12th grade in fall of the school year and graduated with a diploma by the end ofthe following summer.

NOTE: Data are based on a sample survey and may not be strictly comparschools, including combined schools, with students enrolled in the 12th gradepublished figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St"Public School Questionnaire," 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08, "Private and 2007–08, and "Charter School Questionnaire," 1999–2000. (This table w

Table 210. Graduation rates of previous year’s 12th-graders and college attendance rates of those who graduated, by selected high school characteristics: 1999Selected high school characteristic

For 1998–99 school year

College attendance rate of 1998–99 graduates in 

1999–2000 For 2002–03 school year

College attendance rate of 

2002–03 graduates in 2003–04 

Number of

high schools

with 12thgraders

Graduation

rate

of 12thgraders1 Total 4-year institutions 2-year institutions

Number of

high schools

with 12thgraders

Graduation

rate

of 12thgraders1 Total 4-year institutions 2-year institutions

N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 

Public high schools.......................... 20,000 (230) 87.7 (0.67) 57.4 (0.50) 35.4 (0.43) 22.0 (0.34) 22,500 (400) 85.5 (0.77) 61.8 (0.94) 35.0 (0.61) 26.7 (0.58) 2

Percent of students who are Black, Hispanic, 

Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, or two or more races

Less than 5 percent ....................................... 6,400 (170) 94.2 (0.79) 63.2 (0.73) 41.3 (0.67) 21.9 (0.59) 6,100 (220) 95.4 (0.41) 68.8 (0.87) 42.6 (0.96) 26.3 (0.64) 

5 to 19 percent............................................... 4,800 (180) 89.1 (1.13) 58.7 (1.11) 36.6 (0.88) 22.1 (0.69) 5,200 (270) 87.8 (1.81) 63.9 (2.41) 38.0 (1.77) 26.0 (1.10) 

20 to 49 percent............................................. 4,000 (170) 81.7 (2.02) 54.0 (1.16) 32.5 (0.92) 21.5 (0.70) 4,700 (180) 84.8 (1.68) 61.4 (1.44) 34.1 (1.27) 27.3 (0.94) 

50 percent or more ........................................ 4,800 (150) 82.5 (1.26) 51.1 (0.96) 28.7 (0.89) 22.3 (0.69) 6,500 (280) 74.8 (2.34) 53.2 (2.52) 25.8 (1.43) 27.4 (1.54) 

Percent of students approved for free or 

reduced-price lunch

School does not participate ........................... 2,400 (130) 80.1 (2.15) 49.7 (2.32) 30.0 (1.75) 19.7 (1.49) 2,400 (230) 71.2 (2.41) 51.4 (2.83) 23.2 (2.26) 28.1 (1.81) 

0 to 25 percent............................................... 8,600 (180) 92.2 (0.55) 65.1 (0.74) 42.6 (0.67) 22.5 (0.44) 6,800 (230) 92.9 (0.59) 73.6 (0.59) 46.9 (0.78) 26.7 (0.65) 

26 to 50 percent............................................. 4,800 (160) 87.3 (1.49) 57.5 (0.92) 33.4 (0.81) 24.1 (0.63) 6,700 (220) 89.4 (1.19) 64.2 (0.96) 36.7 (1.08) 27.5 (0.74) 

51 to 75 percent............................................. 2,300 (140) 85.9 (2.81) 48.0 (2.18) 29.1 (1.57) 18.9 (0.92) 4,000 (270) 83.8 (2.25) 55.3 (2.76) 27.3 (1.58) 28.1 (1.58) 

76 to 100 percent........................................... 2,000 (100) 79.4 (2.35) 43.0 (1.91) 22.2 (1.35) 20.7 (1.61) 2,600 (260) 72.0 (4.90) 42.3 (4.49) 20.7 (2.79) 21.6 (2.22) 

School locale

City................................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 4,500 (240) 77.1 (1.80) 59.5 (2.00) 32.5 (1.61) 27.0 (1.28) 

Suburb ........................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 4,800 (200) 83.6 (1.40) 67.4 (1.39) 40.3 (1.11) 27.1 (1.01) Town............................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 3,700 (200) 82.6 (3.24) 57.7 (1.94) 31.1 (1.65) 26.6 (0.97) Rural .............................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 9,500 (390) 91.6 (0.97) 61.6 (1.92) 35.2 (1.28) 26.5 (0.99) 1

Private high schools ........................ 7,600 (240) 97.4 (0.55) 71.6 (1.90) 55.6 (1.74) 16.1 (1.00) 8,200 (260) 94.2 (0.86) 76.6 (1.58) 56.2 (1.77) 20.3 (1.30) 

Percent of students who are Black, Hispanic, 

Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, or two or more races

Less than 5 percent ....................................... 2,700 (150) 95.5 (1.53) 67.9 (3.17) 53.3 (2.85) 14.7 (1.61) 2,500 (180) 95.6 (1.59) 73.2 (3.03) 54.4 (3.31) 18.7 (2.14) 

5 to 19 percent............................................... 2,500 (130) 99.1 (0.44) 82.3 (1.68) 63.6 (2.37) 18.7 (2.01) 2,900 (170) 95.2 (1.40) 84.7 (1.82) 64.2 (2.71) 20.5 (2.10) 

20 to 49 percent............................................. 1,400 (100) 98.5 (0.59) 70.5 (3.90) 55.3 (3.29) 15.2 (2.24) 1,700 (140) 90.8 (2.36) 75.8 (4.16) 56.7 (3.70) 19.1 (2.52) 

50 percent or more ........................................ 1,000 (110) 97.0 (1.53) 55.9 (6.56) 41.6 (5.34) 14.3 (2.28) 1,100 (140) 93.6 (1.97) 63.7 (6.03) 38.3 (4.52) 25.4 (4.47) 

Percent of students approved for free or 

reduced-price lunch

School does not participate ........................... 6,700 (230) 97.9 (0.47) 73.8 (1.73) 57.0 (1.74) 16.8 (1.03) 7,100 (250) 95.3 (0.86) 76.7 (1.76) 56.2 (2.00) 20.5 (1.51) 

0 to 25 percent............................................... 700 (70) 98.8 (0.74) 64.9 (6.49) 53.8 (5.69) 11.0 (1.40) 600 (80) 95.0 (3.62) 84.7 (4.28) 66.2 (4.35) 18.5 (2.39) 26 to 100 percent........................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 400 (80) 75.1 (7.62) 59.1 (8.13) 38.9 (6.70) 20.2 (4.34) 

School locale

City................................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Suburb ........................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Town............................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Rural .............................................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 307

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Total includes public high school graduates for 2007–08 and private high school graduates for 2006–07. Data on private high school graduates are not available for 2007–08.

2All U.S. resident students living in a particular state when admitted to an institution in any

state. Students may be enrolled in any state.

3Students who attend institutions in their home state.

4U.S. total includes some U.S. residents whose home state is unknown.

5A percentage of the private high school graduates are not residents of the District of

Columbia.

6Estimate only includes students graduating from public high schools.

7Projected data from NCES 2009–062, Projections of Education Statistics to 2018.

NOTE: Degree–granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), “NCES Common Core of Data State Dropout and Completion

Data File,” 2007–08; Private School Universe Survey (PSS), 2007–08; and 2008 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009. (This table was prepared

June 2010.)

Table 211. Estimated rate of 2007–08 high school graduates attending degree-granting institutions, by state: 2008

State

 Number of graduates from 

high schools located in the state

Number of fall 2008 first-time freshmen 

graduating from high school in the previous 

12 months

Estimated rate of high school graduates 

going to college

Total1 Public, 2007–08 Private, 2006–07

State residents

enrolled in institutions

in any state2

State residents

enrolled in institutions in their

home state3 In any state

In their

home state

1 2 34 567 8

United States ....................................... 3,306,118 2,999,508 306,610 2,109,931 4 1,713,334 63.8 51.8

Alabama ....................................................... 45,926 41,346 4,580 30,616 27,732 66.7 60.4

Alaska........................................................... 8,055 7,855 200 3,682 2,128 45.7 26.4

Arizona ......................................................... 64,257 61,667 2,590 33,022 29,500 51.4 45.9

Arkansas....................................................... 30,105 28,725 1,380 18,820 16,739 62.5 55.6

California ...................................................... 409,441 374,561 34,880 267,801 245,051 65.4 59.9

Colorado ....................................................... 48,602 46,082 2,520 30,445 23,182 62.6 47.7

Connecticut................................................... 46,409 38,419 7,990 31,580 17,366 68.0 37.4

Delaware....................................................... 9,188 7,388 1,800 6,076 4,103 66.1 44.7

District of Columbia5 ..................................... 5,012 3,352 1,660 2,680 562 53.5 11.2

Florida........................................................... 167,626 149,046 18,580 98,630 87,156 58.8 52.0

Georgia......................................................... 91,075 83,505 7,570 63,374 52,821 69.6 58.0

Hawaii........................................................... 14,003 11,613 2,390 8,725 5,852 62.3 41.8

Idaho............................................................. 17,477 16,567 910 8,578 6,020 49.1 34.4

Illinois............................................................ 150,253 135,143 15,110 86,277 61,481 57.4 40.9

Indiana.......................................................... 66,691 61,901 4,790 43,803 38,509 65.7 57.7

Iowa .............................................................. 36,833 34,573 2,260 23,682 20,267 64.3 55.0

Kansas.......................................................... 33,117 30,737 2,380 21,665 18,451 65.4 55.7

Kentucky ....................................................... 43,369 39,339 4,030 26,424 23,406 60.9 54.0

Louisiana ...................................................... 41,931 34,401 7,530 27,362 24,720 65.3 59.0

Maine............................................................ 16,970 14,350 2,620 9,690 6,575 57.1 38.7

Maryland....................................................... 68,621 59,171 9,450 43,171 26,917 62.9 39.2

Massachusetts.............................................. 75,627 65,197 10,430 56,456 38,275 74.7 50.6

Michigan ....................................................... 123,703 115,183 8,520 74,115 65,885 59.9 53.3

Minnesota ..................................................... 65,339 60,409 4,930 45,235 32,682 69.2 50.0

Mississippi .................................................... 28,145 24,795 3,350 21,786 20,182 77.4 71.7

Missouri ........................................................ 69,047 61,717 7,330 41,421 34,488 60.0 49.9

Montana........................................................ 12,096 10,396 1,700 6,272 4,789 51.9 39.6

Nebraska ...................................................... 22,195 20,035 2,160 14,531 11,883 65.5 53.5

Nevada ......................................................... 17,849 17,149 700 9,916 7,459 55.6 41.8

New Hampshire ............................................ 17,272 14,982 2,290 11,032 5,736 63.9 33.2

New Jersey ................................................... 108,334 94,994 13,340 77,068 44,863 71.1 41.4

New Mexico .................................................. 19,764 18,264 1,500 13,376 11,449 67.7 57.9

New York....................................................... 206,200 176,310 29,890 153,009 123,387 74.2 59.8

North Carolina .............................................. 88,897 83,307 5,590 58,670 52,578 66.0 59.1

North Dakota6 ............................................... 6,999 6,999 ‡ 4,732 3,392 67.6 48.5

Ohio .............................................................. 133,818 120,758 13,060 83,895 70,330 62.7 52.6

Oklahoma ..................................................... 39,660 37,630 2,030 22,212 19,635 56.0 49.5

Oregon.......................................................... 37,759 34,949 2,810 17,566 13,315 46.5 35.3

Pennsylvania................................................. 147,778 130,298 17,480 94,458 77,647 63.9 52.5

Rhode Island ................................................ 11,927 10,347 1,580 8,040 5,288 67.4 44.3

South Carolina.............................................. 38,350 35,140 7 3,210 26,995 24,355 70.4 63.5

South Dakota................................................ 9,142 8,582 560 6,587 5,023 72.1 54.9

Tennessee .................................................... 63,376 57,486 5,890 39,033 33,135 61.6 52.3

Texas ............................................................ 264,041 252,121 11,920 150,160 131,543 56.9 49.8

Utah .............................................................. 29,517 28,167 1,350 17,259 15,817 58.5 53.6

Vermont ........................................................ 9,152 7,392 1,760 4,416 1,955 48.3 21.4

Virginia.......................................................... 84,279 77,369 6,910 57,862 47,354 68.7 56.2

Washington................................................... 66,195 61,625 4,570 33,590 26,438 50.7 39.9

West Virginia................................................. 18,089 17,489 600 10,682 9,474 59.1 52.4

Wisconsin ..................................................... 70,613 65,183 5,430 41,738 33,703 59.1 47.7

Wyoming6 ..................................................... 5,494 5,494 ‡ 3,262 2,479 59.4 45.1
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable. 1All students who enrolled in college are counted as high school completers, including students who enrolled in college but didnot report high school completion.2Prior to 1972, White and Black data include persons of Hispanic ethnicity.3After 2002, White and Black data exclude persons identifying themselves as two or more races.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional popuhigh school completers for 1992 and later years use a slightly different definition 

rable with figures for other years. Totals include other racial/ethnic groups not sons of Hispanic ethnicity except where otherwise noted. Standard errors appeSOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Populatio

(This table was prepared August 2010.) 

Table 212. Enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds in degree-granting institutions, by type of institution and sex and race/ethnicity of student: 1967 through 2009Year

Enrollment as a percent of all 18- to 24-year-olds Enrollment as a percent of all 18- to 24-year-old 

Total, all

students

Type of institution Sex Race/ethnicity Total, all

students

Type of institution Sex 

2-year 4-year Male Female White Black Hispanic 2-year 4-year Male Fem

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19672 ............................... 25.5 (0.44) — (†) — (†) 33.1 (0.71) 19.2 (0.54) 26.9 (0.48) 13.0 (1.16) — (†) 33.7 (0.55) — (†) — (†) 44.7 (0.87) 25.1 (0.

19682 ............................... 26.1 (0.44) — (†) — (†) 34.1 (0.70) 19.5 (0.53) 27.5 (0.48) 14.5 (1.18) — (†) 34.2 (0.54) — (†) — (†) 45.9 (0.86) 25.0 (0.19692 ............................... 27.3 (0.44) — (†) — (†) 35.2 (0.69) 20.9 (0.54) 28.7 (0.47) 16.0 (1.20) — (†) 35.0 (0.53) — (†) — (†) 45.6 (0.82) 26.4 (0.19702 ............................... 25.7 (0.42) — (†) — (†) 32.1 (0.65) 20.3 (0.52) 27.1 (0.45) 15.5 (1.15) — (†) 32.6 (0.50) — (†) — (†) 41.0 (0.78) 25.5 (0.19712 ............................... 26.2 (0.41) — (†) — (†) 32.5 (0.63) 20.8 (0.52) 27.2 (0.44) 18.2 (1.19) — (†) 33.2 (0.49) — (†) — (†) 41.5 (0.76) 26.0 (0.1972................................. 25.5 (0.37) — (†) — (†) 30.2 (0.56) 21.2 (0.47) 27.2 (0.41) 18.3 (1.18) 13.4 (1.83) 31.9 (0.44) — (†) — (†) 38.2 (0.66) 26.3 (0.

1973................................. 24.0 (0.35) 6.9 (0.21) 17.1 (0.31) 27.7 (0.54) 20.5 (0.46) 25.5 (0.40) 15.9 (1.09) 16.1 (2.02) 29.7 (0.42) 8.5 (0.26) 21.2 (0.38) 34.6 (0.63) 25.3 (0.

1974................................. 24.6 (0.35) 7.6 (0.22) 17.0 (0.31) 27.7 (0.53) 21.7 (0.47) 25.8 (0.40) 17.6 (1.14) 18.0 (1.95) 30.5 (0.42) 9.4 (0.27) 21.1 (0.37) 34.7 (0.63) 26.7 (0.

1975................................. 26.3 (0.36) 9.0 (0.23) 17.3 (0.31) 29.0 (0.53) 23.7 (0.48) 27.4 (0.40) 20.4 (1.18) 20.4 (2.09) 32.5 (0.42) 11.1 (0.28) 21.4 (0.37) 36.2 (0.63) 29.2 (0.

1976................................. 26.7 (0.35) 6.4 (0.20) 20.2 (0.32) 28.2 (0.52) 25.2 (0.48) 27.6 (0.40) 22.5 (1.20) 20.0 (2.00) 33.1 (0.42) 8.0 (0.24) 25.1 (0.39) 35.6 (0.62) 30.9 (0.

1977................................. 26.1 (0.38) 6.8 (0.22) 19.4 (0.35) 28.1 (0.56) 24.3 (0.52) 27.2 (0.43) 21.1 (1.18) 17.2 (1.87) 32.5 (0.46) 8.4 (0.27) 24.1 (0.42) 35.6 (0.68) 29.7 (0.

1978................................. 25.3 (0.38) 6.6 (0.22) 18.7 (0.34) 27.1 (0.55) 23.6 (0.51) 26.5 (0.43) 20.1 (1.15) 15.2 (1.74) 31.4 (0.45) 8.2 (0.26) 23.2 (0.41) 34.1 (0.66) 28.8 (0.

1979................................. 25.0 (0.37) 6.3 (0.21) 18.7 (0.34) 25.9 (0.54) 24.2 (0.52) 26.3 (0.43) 19.8 (1.13) 16.7 (1.77) 31.2 (0.45) 7.8 (0.26) 23.4 (0.41) 32.9 (0.66) 29.6 (0.

1980................................. 25.7 (0.38) 7.1 (0.22) 18.6 (0.33) 26.4 (0.54) 25.0 (0.52) 27.3 (0.43) 19.4 (1.12) 16.1 (1.64) 31.8 (0.45) 8.8 (0.27) 23.0 (0.40) 33.5 (0.66) 30.3 (0.

1981................................. 26.1 (0.37) 7.5 (0.22) 18.6 (0.33) 27.1 (0.54) 25.2 (0.51) 27.7 (0.43) 19.9 (1.09) 16.6 (1.63) 32.4 (0.44) 9.3 (0.27) 23.1 (0.40) 34.7 (0.65) 30.4 (0.

1982................................. 26.6 (0.39) 7.7 (0.24) 18.9 (0.35) 27.2 (0.57) 26.0 (0.55) 28.1 (0.46) 19.9 (1.14) 16.8 (1.77) 33.0 (0.47) 9.6 (0.29) 23.4 (0.42) 34.5 (0.68) 31.6 (0.

1983................................. 26.2 (0.39) 7.4 (0.23) 18.8 (0.35) 27.3 (0.57) 25.1 (0.54) 27.9 (0.46) 19.2 (1.12) 17.3 (1.77) 32.5 (0.47) 9.2 (0.29) 23.3 (0.42) 35.0 (0.69) 30.3 (0.

1984................................. 27.1 (0.40) 7.3 (0.24) 19.8 (0.36) 28.6 (0.58) 25.6 (0.55) 28.9 (0.47) 20.3 (1.15) 17.9 (1.80) 33.2 (0.47) 9.0 (0.29) 24.2 (0.43) 36.0 (0.70) 30.6 (0.

1985................................. 27.8 (0.41) 7.4 (0.24) 20.4 (0.37) 28.4 (0.60) 27.2 (0.57) 30.0 (0.49) 19.6 (1.16) 16.9 (1.84) 33.7 (0.48) 8.9 (0.29) 24.8 (0.44) 35.3 (0.70) 32.3 (0.

1986................................. 27.9 (0.42) 7.6 (0.25) 20.3 (0.37) 28.2 (0.60) 27.6 (0.58) 29.7 (0.50) 21.9 (1.21) 17.6 (1.76) 34.0 (0.49) 9.2 (0.30) 24.8 (0.44) 35.3 (0.71) 32.8 (0.

1987................................. 29.6 (0.43) 8.1 (0.26) 21.5 (0.39) 30.6 (0.62) 28.7 (0.59) 31.9 (0.51) 22.8 (1.25) 17.5 (1.73) 36.2 (0.50) 10.0 (0.31) 26.3 (0.46) 38.3 (0.73) 34.4 (0.

1988................................. 30.3 (0.47) 8.8 (0.29) 21.5 (0.42) 30.2 (0.68) 30.4 (0.66) 33.2 (0.57) 21.2 (1.33) 17.0 (2.00) 37.2 (0.55) 10.8 (0.35) 26.5 (0.50) 38.3 (0.81) 36.3 (0.

1989................................. 30.9 (0.48) 8.0 (0.28) 22.9 (0.44) 30.2 (0.68) 31.6 (0.67) 34.2 (0.58) 23.4 (1.38) 16.1 (1.90) 38.1 (0.56) 9.9 (0.34) 28.2 (0.52) 38.3 (0.81) 37.9 (0.

1990................................. 32.0 (0.47) 8.7 (0.28) 23.3 (0.43) 32.3 (0.68) 31.8 (0.66) 35.1 (0.57) 25.4 (1.37) 15.8 (1.67) 39.1 (0.54) 10.6 (0.34) 28.5 (0.50) 40.0 (0.79) 38.3 (0.

1991................................. 33.3 (0.48) 9.7 (0.30) 23.6 (0.43) 32.8 (0.68) 33.6 (0.67) 36.8 (0.58) 23.5 (1.34) 17.9 (1.72) 41.0 (0.55) 11.9 (0.37) 29.1 (0.51) 41.5 (0.80) 40.5 (0.

1992................................. 34.4 (0.49) 9.9 (0.31) 24.4 (0.44) 32.7 (0.68) 36.0 (0.69) 37.3 (0.59) 25.2 (1.37) 21.3 (1.87) 41.7 (0.56) 12.1 (0.37) 29.7 (0.51) 40.7 (0.80) 42.7 (0.

1993................................. 34.0 (0.49) 9.8 (0.30) 24.2 (0.44) 33.6 (0.69) 34.4 (0.68) 36.8 (0.59) 24.5 (1.35) 21.7 (1.88) 41.3 (0.56) 11.9 (0.37) 29.4 (0.51) 41.7 (0.80) 40.9 (0.

1994................................. 34.6 (0.42) 9.1 (0.26) 25.5 (0.39) 33.1 (0.59) 36.0 (0.60) 38.1 (0.53) 27.7 (1.17) 18.8 (1.10) 42.3 (0.49) 11.2 (0.31) 31.2 (0.46) 41.6 (0.70) 43.0 (0.

1995................................. 34.3 (0.44) 8.9 (0.27) 25.4 (0.41) 33.1 (0.63) 35.5 (0.63) 37.9 (0.55) 27.5 (1.18) 20.7 (1.13) 42.3 (0.51) 11.0 (0.33) 31.3 (0.48) 41.7 (0.73) 43.0 (0.

1996................................. 35.5 (0.47) 9.5 (0.29) 26.1 (0.43) 34.1 (0.66) 37.0 (0.67) 39.5 (0.59) 27.4 (1.23) 20.1 (1.18) 43.4 (0.54) 11.5 (0.35) 31.9 (0.50) 42.5 (0.77) 44.3 (0.

1997................................. 36.8 (0.47) 9.9 (0.29) 27.0 (0.43) 35.0 (0.66) 38.7 (0.67) 40.6 (0.59) 29.8 (1.25) 22.4 (1.21) 45.2 (0.54) 12.1 (0.35) 33.1 (0.51) 44.0 (0.77) 46.3 (0.

1998................................. 36.5 (0.46) 10.2 (0.29) 26.3 (0.42) 34.5 (0.65) 38.6 (0.66) 40.6 (0.59) 29.8 (1.24) 20.4 (1.11) 45.2 (0.53) 12.6 (0.36) 32.6 (0.50) 44.3 (0.77) 46.1 (0.

1999................................. 35.6 (0.46) 9.1 (0.27) 26.5 (0.42) 34.1 (0.64) 37.0 (0.65) 39.4 (0.58) 30.4 (1.24) 18.7 (1.08) 43.7 (0.52) 11.2 (0.33) 32.5 (0.49) 42.9 (0.75) 44.4 (0.

2000................................. 35.5 (0.45) 9.4 (0.28) 26.0 (0.41) 32.6 (0.62) 38.4 (0.65) 38.7 (0.57) 30.5 (1.21) 21.7 (1.12) 43.2 (0.52) 11.5 (0.33) 31.8 (0.48) 40.8 (0.73) 45.6 (0.

2001................................. 36.3 (0.45) 9.8 (0.28) 26.6 (0.41) 33.6 (0.63) 39.0 (0.64) 39.5 (0.57) 31.4 (1.22) 21.7 (1.10) 44.3 (0.51) 11.9 (0.33) 32.4 (0.48) 42.4 (0.73) 46.1 (0.

2002................................. 36.7 (0.43) 9.7 (0.26) 27.0 (0.39) 33.7 (0.59) 39.7 (0.61) 40.9 (0.55) 31.9 (1.18) 19.9 (0.94) 44.7 (0.48) 11.8 (0.31) 32.9 (0.46) 42.5 (0.69) 46.7 (0.

20033 ............................... 37.8 (0.43) 10.2 (0.27) 27.7 (0.39) 34.3 (0.59) 41.3 (0.61) 41.6 (0.55) 32.3 (1.20) 23.5 (1.02) 45.7 (0.48) 12.3 (0.32) 33.4 (0.46) 42.8 (0.69) 48.3 (0.

20043 ............................... 38.0 (0.42) 9.4 (0.25) 28.6 (0.39) 34.7 (0.59) 41.2 (0.61) 41.7 (0.55) 31.8 (1.18) 24.7 (1.02) 45.8 (0.48) 11.3 (0.30) 34.5 (0.46) 43.0 (0.68) 48.4 (0.

20053 ............................... 38.9 (0.43) 9.6 (0.26) 29.2 (0.40) 35.3 (0.59) 42.5 (0.61) 42.8 (0.55) 33.1 (1.18) 24.8 (1.02) 46.8 (0.48) 11.6 (0.31) 35.2 (0.46) 44.3 (0.68) 49.1 (0.

20063 ............................... 37.3 (0.42) 9.6 (0.25) 27.8 (0.39) 34.1 (0.58) 40.6 (0.60) 41.0 (0.54) 32.6 (1.16) 23.6 (0.99) 45.0 (0.47) 11.5 (0.30) 33.5 (0.45) 42.2 (0.67) 47.7 (0.20073 ............................... 38.8 (0.42) 10.9 (0.27) 27.9 (0.39) 35.5 (0.58) 42.1 (0.60) 42.6 (0.54) 33.1 (1.15) 26.6 (1.02) 46.1 (0.47) 13.0 (0.32) 33.1 (0.44) 43.4 (0.66) 48.6 (0.

20083 ............................... 35.6 (0.46) 9.1 (0.27) 26.5 (0.42) 34.1 (0.64) 37.0 (0.65) 39.4 (0.58) 30.4 (1.24) 18.7 (1.08) 43.7 (0.52) 11.2 (0.33) 32.5 (0.49) 42.9 (0.75) 44.4 (0.

20093 ............................... 41.3 (0.42) 11.7 (0.27) 29.6 (0.39) 38.4 (0.59) 44.2 (0.60) 45.0 (0.55) 37.7 (1.17) 27.5 (1.01) 48.8 (0.46) 13.9 (0.32) 35.0 (0.44) 46.4 (0.66) 51.2 (0.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 309

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Data for part-time students are for part-time resident students and all extension students

(students attending courses at sites separate from the primary reporting campus). In later

years, part-time student enrollment was collected as a distinct category.

NOTE: Data include unclassified undergraduate students. Data through 1995 are for

institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions.

Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the

earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes

a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to

Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and

Universities” surveys, 1967 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring

2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 213. Total undergraduate fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: 

1967 through 2009

Year Total Full-time Part-time Males Females

Males Females Males Females

Full-time Part-time Full-time Part-time Public Private Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

19671 ............................... 6,015,683 4,344,890 1,670,793 3,502,099 2,513,584 2,569,411 932,688 1,775,479 738,105 2,491,831 1,010,268 1,801,574 712,010

1968................................. 6,475,714 4,740,408 1,735,306 3,781,000 2,694,714 2,810,135 970,865 1,930,273 764,441 2,787,269 993,731 1,994,726 699,988

1969................................. 6,884,485 4,992,050 1,892,435 4,007,528 2,876,957 2,952,197 1,055,331 2,039,853 837,104 2,996,025 1,011,503 2,162,292 714,665

1970................................. 7,368,644 5,280,064 2,088,580 4,249,702 3,118,942 3,096,371 1,153,331 2,183,693 935,249 3,236,128 1,013,574 2,384,127 734,815

1971................................. 7,744,254 5,512,996 2,231,258 4,417,873 3,326,381 3,201,118 1,216,755 2,311,878 1,014,503 3,427,012 990,861 2,580,781 745,600

1972................................. 7,942,439 5,489,090 2,453,349 4,428,593 3,513,846 3,120,817 1,307,776 2,368,273 1,145,573 3,465,701 962,892 2,756,903 756,943

1973................................. 8,259,671 5,578,558 2,681,113 4,537,599 3,722,072 3,134,418 1,403,181 2,444,140 1,277,932 3,579,696 957,903 2,942,716 779,356

1974................................. 8,798,728 5,726,346 3,072,382 4,765,582 4,033,146 3,191,770 1,573,812 2,534,576 1,498,570 3,800,052 965,530 3,231,678 801,468

1975................................. 9,679,455 6,168,396 3,511,059 5,257,005 4,422,450 3,459,328 1,797,677 2,709,068 1,713,382 4,244,632 1,012,373 3,581,400 841,050

1976................................. 9,434,591 6,033,233 3,401,358 4,906,277 4,528,314 3,244,339 1,661,938 2,788,894 1,739,420 3,950,985 955,292 3,669,377 858,937

1977................................. 9,716,703 6,094,023 3,622,680 4,897,197 4,819,506 3,188,262 1,708,935 2,905,761 1,913,745 3,937,407 959,790 3,905,573 913,933

1978................................. 9,684,399 5,962,826 3,721,573 4,761,067 4,923,332 3,068,641 1,692,426 2,894,185 2,029,147 3,812,299 948,768 3,974,986 948,346

1979................................. 9,997,977 6,079,415 3,918,562 4,820,123 5,177,854 3,086,696 1,733,427 2,992,719 2,185,135 3,865,030 955,093 4,181,801 996,053

1980................................. 10,475,055 6,361,744 4,113,311 5,000,177 5,474,878 3,226,857 1,773,320 3,134,887 2,339,991 4,015,000 985,177 4,426,955 1,047,923

1981................................. 10,754,522 6,449,068 4,305,454 5,108,271 5,646,251 3,260,473 1,847,798 3,188,595 2,457,656 4,089,975 1,018,296 4,558,388 1,087,863

1982................................. 10,825,062 6,483,805 4,341,257 5,170,494 5,654,568 3,299,436 1,871,058 3,184,369 2,470,199 4,139,766 1,030,728 4,573,307 1,081,261

1983................................. 10,845,995 6,514,034 4,331,961 5,158,300 5,687,695 3,304,247 1,854,053 3,209,787 2,477,908 4,116,682 1,041,618 4,580,436 1,107,259

1984................................. 10,618,071 6,347,653 4,270,418 5,006,813 5,611,258 3,194,930 1,811,883 3,152,723 2,458,535 3,989,549 1,017,264 4,503,942 1,107,316

1985................................. 10,596,674 6,319,592 4,277,082 4,962,080 5,634,594 3,156,446 1,805,634 3,163,146 2,471,448 3,952,548 1,009,532 4,524,577 1,110,017

1986................................. 10,797,975 6,352,073 4,445,902 5,017,505 5,780,470 3,146,330 1,871,175 3,205,743 2,574,727 4,002,471 1,015,034 4,658,245 1,122,225

1987................................. 11,046,235 6,462,549 4,583,686 5,068,457 5,977,778 3,163,676 1,904,781 3,298,873 2,678,905 4,076,349 992,108 4,842,240 1,135,538

1988................................. 11,316,548 6,642,428 4,674,120 5,137,644 6,178,904 3,206,442 1,931,202 3,435,986 2,742,918 4,113,497 1,024,147 4,989,649 1,189,255

1989................................. 11,742,531 6,840,696 4,901,835 5,310,990 6,431,541 3,278,647 2,032,343 3,562,049 2,869,492 4,271,822 1,039,168 5,215,920 1,215,621

1990................................. 11,959,106 6,976,030 4,983,076 5,379,759 6,579,347 3,336,535 2,043,224 3,639,495 2,939,852 4,352,875 1,026,884 5,356,721 1,222,626

1991................................. 12,439,287 7,221,412 5,217,875 5,571,003 6,868,284 3,435,526 2,135,477 3,785,886 3,082,398 4,530,934 1,040,069 5,617,023 1,251,261

1992................................. 12,537,700 7,244,442 5,293,258 5,582,936 6,954,764 3,424,739 2,158,197 3,819,703 3,135,061 4,536,925 1,046,011 5,679,372 1,275,392

1993................................. 12,323,959 7,179,482 5,144,477 5,483,682 6,840,277 3,381,997 2,101,685 3,797,485 3,042,792 4,447,266 1,036,416 5,564,521 1,275,756

1994................................. 12,262,608 7,168,706 5,093,902 5,422,113 6,840,495 3,341,591 2,080,522 3,827,115 3,013,380 4,394,309 1,027,804 5,550,819 1,289,676

1995................................. 12,231,719 7,145,268 5,086,451 5,401,130 6,830,589 3,296,610 2,104,520 3,848,658 2,981,931 4,380,030 1,021,100 5,523,596 1,306,993

1996................................. 12,326,948 7,298,839 5,028,109 5,420,672 6,906,276 3,339,108 2,081,564 3,959,731 2,946,545 4,382,751 1,037,921 5,552,532 1,353,744

1997................................. 12,450,587 7,418,598 5,031,989 5,468,532 6,982,055 3,379,597 2,088,935 4,039,001 2,943,054 4,408,364 1,060,168 5,599,115 1,382,940

1998................................. 12,436,937 7,538,711 4,898,226 5,446,133 6,990,804 3,428,161 2,017,972 4,110,550 2,880,254 4,360,935 1,085,198 5,589,277 1,401,527

1999................................. 12,681,231 7,735,075 4,946,156 5,559,457 7,121,774 3,515,869 2,043,588 4,219,206 2,902,568 4,431,056 1,128,401 5,678,953 1,442,821

2000................................. 13,155,393 7,922,926 5,232,467 5,778,268 7,377,125 3,588,246 2,190,022 4,334,680 3,042,445 4,622,098 1,156,170 5,917,224 1,459,901

2001................................. 13,715,610 8,327,640 5,387,970 6,004,431 7,711,179 3,768,630 2,235,801 4,559,010 3,152,169 4,804,014 1,200,417 6,181,857 1,529,322

2002................................. 14,257,077 8,734,252 5,522,825 6,192,390 8,064,687 3,934,168 2,258,222 4,800,084 3,264,603 4,960,291 1,232,099 6,472,564 1,592,123

2003................................. 14,480,364 9,045,253 5,435,111 6,227,372 8,252,992 4,048,682 2,178,690 4,996,571 3,256,421 4,956,392 1,270,980 6,566,711 1,686,281

2004................................. 14,780,630 9,284,336 5,496,294 6,340,048 8,440,582 4,140,628 2,199,420 5,143,708 3,296,874 5,009,240 1,330,808 6,641,340 1,799,242

2005................................. 14,963,964 9,446,430 5,517,534 6,408,871 8,555,093 4,200,863 2,208,008 5,245,567 3,309,526 5,046,002 1,362,869 6,651,728 1,903,365

2006................................. 15,184,302 9,571,079 5,613,223 6,513,756 8,670,546 4,264,606 2,249,150 5,306,473 3,364,073 5,133,850 1,379,906 6,713,576 1,956,970

2007................................. 15,603,771 9,840,978 5,762,793 6,727,600 8,876,171 4,396,868 2,330,732 5,444,110 3,432,061 5,300,572 1,427,028 6,837,011 2,039,160

2008................................. 16,365,738 10,254,930 6,110,808 7,066,623 9,299,115 4,577,431 2,489,192 5,677,499 3,621,616 5,531,965 1,534,658 7,059,252 2,239,863

2009................................. 17,565,320 11,143,499 6,421,821 7,595,481 9,969,839 4,976,727 2,618,754 6,166,772 3,803,067 5,917,296 1,678,185 7,469,297 2,500,542
310 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Data include first-professional and graduate-level students. Data through 1995 are for

institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degreegranting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education

institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1967 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data

System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010.

(This table was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 214. Total postbaccalaureate fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: 

1967 through 2009

Year Total Full-time Part-time Males Females

Males Females Males Females

Full-time Part-time Full-time Part-time Public Private Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1967................................. 896,065 448,238 447,827 630,701 265,364 354,628 276,073 93,610 171,754 351,947 278,754 170,676 94,688

1968................................. 1,037,377 469,747 567,630 696,649 340,728 358,686 337,963 111,061 229,667 410,609 286,040 238,048 102,680

1969................................. 1,120,175 506,833 613,342 738,673 381,502 383,630 355,043 123,203 258,299 457,126 281,547 281,425 100,077

1970................................. 1,212,243 536,226 676,017 793,940 418,303 407,724 386,216 128,502 289,801 496,757 297,183 311,122 107,181

1971................................. 1,204,390 564,236 640,154 789,131 415,259 428,167 360,964 136,069 279,190 513,570 275,561 305,604 109,655

1972................................. 1,272,421 583,299 689,122 810,164 462,257 436,533 373,631 146,766 315,491 506,950 303,214 341,081 121,176

1973................................. 1,342,452 610,935 731,517 833,453 508,999 444,219 389,234 166,716 342,283 523,274 310,179 373,830 135,169

1974................................. 1,425,001 643,927 781,074 856,847 568,154 454,706 402,141 189,221 378,933 538,573 318,274 418,197 149,957

1975................................. 1,505,404 672,938 832,466 891,992 613,412 467,425 424,567 205,513 407,899 560,041 331,951 448,435 164,977

1976................................. 1,577,546 683,825 893,721 904,551 672,995 459,286 445,265 224,539 448,456 555,912 348,639 477,203 195,792

1977................................. 1,569,084 698,902 870,182 891,819 677,265 462,038 429,781 236,864 440,401 535,748 356,071 468,265 209,000

1978................................. 1,575,693 704,831 870,862 879,931 695,762 458,865 421,066 245,966 449,796 519,150 360,781 479,458 216,304

1979................................. 1,571,922 714,624 857,298 862,754 709,168 456,197 406,557 258,427 450,741 503,949 358,805 486,042 223,126

1980................................. 1,621,840 736,214 885,626 874,197 747,643 462,387 411,810 273,827 473,816 507,587 366,610 507,852 239,791

1981................................. 1,617,150 732,182 884,968 866,785 750,365 452,364 414,421 279,818 470,547 496,825 369,960 501,844 248,521

1982................................. 1,600,718 736,813 863,905 860,890 739,828 453,519 407,371 283,294 456,534 493,122 367,768 489,892 249,936

1983................................. 1,618,666 747,016 871,650 865,425 753,241 455,540 409,885 291,476 461,765 493,356 372,069 492,260 260,981

1984................................. 1,623,869 750,735 873,134 856,761 767,108 452,579 404,182 298,156 468,952 484,963 371,798 498,916 268,192

1985................................. 1,650,381 755,629 894,752 856,370 794,011 451,274 405,096 304,355 489,656 484,940 371,430 517,208 276,803

1986................................. 1,705,536 767,477 938,059 867,010 838,526 452,717 414,293 314,760 523,766 503,107 363,903 550,070 288,456

1987................................. 1,720,407 768,536 951,871 863,599 856,808 447,212 416,387 321,324 535,484 497,117 366,482 557,548 299,260

1988................................. 1,738,789 794,340 944,449 864,252 874,537 455,337 408,915 339,003 535,534 495,461 368,791 562,781 311,756

1989................................. 1,796,029 820,254 975,775 879,025 917,004 461,596 417,429 358,658 558,346 504,528 374,497 585,693 331,311

1990................................. 1,859,531 844,955 1,014,576 904,150 955,381 471,217 432,933 373,738 581,643 522,136 382,014 612,985 342,396

1991................................. 1,919,666 893,917 1,025,749 930,841 988,825 493,849 436,992 400,068 588,757 535,422 395,419 626,184 362,641

1992................................. 1,949,659 917,676 1,031,983 941,053 1,008,606 502,166 438,887 415,510 593,096 537,471 403,582 630,799 377,807

1993................................. 1,980,844 948,136 1,032,708 943,768 1,037,076 508,574 435,194 439,562 597,514 537,245 406,523 640,056 397,020

1994................................. 2,016,182 969,070 1,047,112 949,785 1,066,397 513,592 436,193 455,478 610,919 535,759 414,026 652,793 413,604

1995................................. 2,030,062 983,534 1,046,528 941,409 1,088,653 510,782 430,627 472,752 615,901 527,605 413,804 661,143 427,510

1996................................. 2,040,572 1,004,114 1,036,458 932,153 1,108,419 512,100 420,053 492,014 616,405 519,702 412,451 665,514 442,905

1997................................. 2,051,747 1,019,464 1,032,283 927,496 1,124,251 510,845 416,651 508,619 615,632 515,823 411,673 672,817 451,434

1998................................. 2,070,030 1,024,627 1,045,403 923,132 1,146,898 505,492 417,640 519,135 627,763 507,763 415,369 679,794 467,104

1999................................. 2,109,993 1,051,419 1,058,574 931,189 1,178,804 509,852 421,337 541,567 637,237 510,125 421,064 689,265 489,539

2000................................. 2,156,896 1,086,674 1,070,222 943,501 1,213,395 522,847 420,654 563,827 649,568 510,309 433,192 703,155 510,240

2001................................. 2,212,377 1,119,862 1,092,515 956,384 1,255,993 531,260 425,124 588,602 667,391 523,597 432,787 723,688 532,305

2002................................. 2,354,634 1,212,107 1,142,527 1,009,726 1,344,908 566,930 442,796 645,177 699,731 551,729 457,997 767,409 577,499

2003................................. 2,431,117 1,280,880 1,150,237 1,032,892 1,398,225 589,190 443,702 691,690 706,535 555,903 476,989 779,692 618,533

2004................................. 2,491,414 1,325,841 1,165,573 1,047,214 1,444,200 598,727 448,487 727,114 717,086 550,236 496,978 779,296 664,904

2005................................. 2,523,511 1,350,581 1,172,930 1,047,054 1,476,457 602,525 444,529 748,056 728,401 543,221 503,833 780,883 695,574

2006................................. 2,574,568 1,386,226 1,188,342 1,061,059 1,513,509 614,709 446,350 771,517 741,992 545,554 515,505 787,153 726,356

2007................................. 2,644,357 1,428,914 1,215,443 1,088,314 1,556,043 632,576 455,738 796,338 759,705 556,727 531,587 796,470 759,573

2008................................. 2,737,076 1,492,813 1,244,263 1,122,272 1,614,804 656,926 465,346 835,887 778,917 568,550 553,722 812,386 802,418

2009................................. 2,862,391 1,579,283 1,283,108 1,174,023 1,688,368 693,917 480,106 885,366 803,002 592,273 581,750 831,776 856,592
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 311

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Data for 2000 and later years reflect a substantial reduction in the number of Department

of Defense institutions included in the IPEDS survey. 

NOTE: Data through 1990 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges

and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A:

Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1970 and 1980; and 1990 through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90), and Spring 2001 through Spring

2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 215. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1970 through 2008

State or jurisdiction Fall 1970 Fall 1980 Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008

Percent

change,

2003 to 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

United States ................................... 8,580,887 12,096,895 13,818,637 15,312,289 16,911,481 17,272,044 17,487,475 17,758,870 18,248,128 19,102,814 13.0

Alabama ................................................... 103,936 164,306 218,589 233,962 253,846 255,826 256,389 258,408 268,183 310,941 22.5

Alaska....................................................... 9,471 21,296 29,833 27,953 31,035 30,869 30,231 29,853 30,616 30,717 -1.0

Arizona ..................................................... 109,619 202,716 264,148 342,490 435,767 490,925 545,597 567,192 624,147 704,245 61.6

Arkansas................................................... 52,039 77,607 90,425 115,172 133,950 138,399 143,272 147,391 152,168 158,374 18.2

California .................................................. 1,257,245 1,790,993 1,808,740 2,256,708 2,340,698 2,374,045 2,399,833 2,434,774 2,529,522 2,652,241 13.3

Colorado ................................................... 123,395 162,916 227,131 263,872 289,424 300,914 302,672 308,383 310,637 325,232 12.4

Connecticut............................................... 124,700 159,632 168,604 161,243 170,976 172,775 174,675 176,716 179,005 184,178 7.7

Delaware................................................... 25,260 32,939 42,004 43,897 49,595 49,804 51,612 51,238 52,343 53,088 7.0

District of Columbia .................................. 77,158 86,675 79,551 72,689 95,297 99,988 104,897 109,505 115,153 126,110 32.3

Florida....................................................... 235,525 411,891 588,086 707,684 840,108 866,665 872,662 885,651 913,793 972,699 15.8

Georgia..................................................... 126,511 184,159 251,786 346,204 411,102 434,283 426,650 435,403 453,711 476,581 15.9

Hawaii....................................................... 36,562 47,181 56,436 60,182 67,481 67,225 67,083 66,893 66,601 70,104 3.9

Idaho......................................................... 34,567 43,018 51,881 65,594 75,390 76,311 77,708 77,872 78,846 80,456 6.7

Illinois........................................................ 452,146 644,245 729,246 743,918 796,815 801,401 832,967 830,676 837,018 859,242 7.8

Indiana...................................................... 192,668 247,253 284,832 314,334 350,102 356,801 361,253 368,013 380,477 401,956 14.8

Iowa .......................................................... 108,902 140,449 170,515 188,974 213,958 217,646 227,722 238,634 256,259 286,891 34.1

Kansas...................................................... 102,485 136,605 163,733 179,968 190,306 191,590 191,752 193,146 194,102 198,991 4.6

Kentucky ................................................... 98,591 143,066 177,852 188,341 235,743 240,097 244,969 248,914 258,213 257,583 9.3

Louisiana .................................................. 120,728 160,058 186,840 223,800 244,537 246,301 197,713 224,147 224,754 236,375 -3.3

Maine........................................................ 34,134 43,264 57,186 58,473 64,222 65,415 65,551 66,149 67,173 67,796 5.6

Maryland................................................... 149,607 225,526 259,700 273,745 307,613 312,493 314,151 319,460 327,597 338,914 10.2

Massachusetts.......................................... 303,809 418,415 417,833 421,142 436,102 439,245 443,316 451,526 463,366 477,056 9.4

Michigan ................................................... 392,726 520,131 569,803 567,631 616,012 620,980 626,751 634,489 643,279 652,799 6.0

Minnesota ................................................. 160,788 206,691 253,789 293,445 339,597 349,021 361,701 375,899 392,393 411,055 21.0

Mississippi ................................................ 73,967 102,364 122,883 137,389 148,584 152,115 150,457 151,137 155,232 160,441 8.0

Missouri .................................................... 183,930 234,421 289,899 321,348 359,749 365,204 374,445 377,098 384,366 396,409 10.2

Montana.................................................... 30,062 35,177 35,876 42,240 47,240 47,173 47,850 47,501 47,371 47,840 1.3

Nebraska .................................................. 66,915 89,488 112,831 112,117 119,511 121,053 121,236 124,500 127,378 130,458 9.2

Nevada ..................................................... 13,669 40,455 61,728 87,893 100,849 105,961 110,705 112,270 116,276 120,490 19.5

New Hampshire ........................................ 29,400 46,794 59,510 61,718 69,608 70,163 69,893 70,669 70,724 71,739 3.1

New Jersey ............................................... 216,121 321,610 324,286 335,945 372,632 380,374 379,758 385,656 398,136 410,160 10.1

New Mexico .............................................. 44,461 58,283 85,500 110,739 127,040 131,577 131,337 131,828 134,375 142,413 12.1

New York................................................... 806,479 992,237 1,048,286 1,043,395 1,126,085 1,141,525 1,152,081 1,160,364 1,172,811 1,234,858 9.7

North Carolina .......................................... 171,925 287,537 352,138 404,652 464,437 472,709 484,392 495,633 502,330 528,977 13.9

North Dakota ............................................ 31,495 34,069 37,878 40,248 48,402 49,533 49,389 49,519 49,945 51,327 6.0

Ohio .......................................................... 376,267 489,145 557,690 549,553 603,399 614,234 616,350 619,942 630,497 653,585 8.3

Oklahoma ................................................. 110,155 160,295 173,221 178,016 207,791 207,625 208,053 206,236 206,382 206,757 -0.5

Oregon...................................................... 122,177 157,458 165,741 183,065 198,786 199,985 200,033 197,594 202,928 220,474 10.9

Pennsylvania............................................. 411,044 507,716 604,060 609,521 676,121 688,780 692,340 707,132 725,397 740,288 9.5

Rhode Island ............................................ 45,898 66,869 78,273 75,450 79,085 80,377 81,382 81,734 82,900 83,893 6.1

South Carolina.......................................... 69,518 132,476 159,302 185,931 207,601 208,910 210,444 212,422 217,755 230,695 11.1

South Dakota............................................ 30,639 32,761 34,208 43,221 55,816 48,708 48,768 48,931 49,747 50,444 -9.6

Tennessee ................................................ 135,103 204,581 226,238 263,910 276,999 278,055 283,070 290,530 297,785 307,610 11.1

Texas ........................................................ 442,225 701,391 901,437 1,033,973 1,175,336 1,229,197 1,240,707 1,252,709 1,269,098 1,327,148 12.9

Utah .......................................................... 81,687 93,987 121,303 163,776 183,462 194,324 200,691 202,151 203,679 217,224 18.4

Vermont .................................................... 22,209 30,628 36,398 35,489 37,695 38,639 39,915 41,095 42,191 42,946 13.9

Virginia...................................................... 151,915 280,504 353,442 381,893 414,945 425,181 439,166 456,172 478,268 500,796 20.7

Washington............................................... 183,544 303,603 263,384 320,840 345,566 343,524 348,482 348,154 352,075 362,535 4.9

West Virginia............................................. 63,153 81,973 84,790 87,888 97,005 97,884 99,547 100,519 116,848 125,333 29.2

Wisconsin ................................................. 202,058 269,086 299,774 307,179 329,738 331,506 335,258 340,158 343,747 352,875 7.0

Wyoming................................................... 15,220 21,147 31,326 30,004 33,695 33,955 35,334 34,693 35,246 35,936 6.7

U.S. Service Academies1.......................... 17,079 49,808 48,692 13,475 14,628 14,754 15,265 12,191 15,285 15,539 6.2

Other jurisdictions .......................... 67,237 137,749 164,618 194,633 218,058 220,920 223,165 226,175 226,849 236,167 8.3

American Samoa...................................... 0 976 1,219 297 1,537 1,550 1,579 1,607 1,767 1,806 17.5

Federated States of Micronesia................ 0 224 975 1,576 2,558 2,608 2,283 2,539 2,379 2,457 -3.9

Guam........................................................ 2,719 3,217 4,741 5,215 4,710 4,642 6,064 5,789 5,244 5,351 13.6

Marshall Islands........................................ 0 0 0 328 601 623 604 647 557 689 14.6

Northern Marianas ................................... 0 0 661 1,078 1,237 1,101 967 968 901 791 -36.1

Palau......................................................... 0 0 491 581 727 651 651 679 668 502 -30.9

Puerto Rico............................................... 63,073 131,184 154,065 183,290 203,951 207,180 208,625 211,458 212,949 222,178 8.9

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 1,445 2,148 2,466 2,268 2,737 2,565 2,392 2,488 2,384 2,393 -12.6
312 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Data for 2000 and later years reflect a substantial reduction in the number of Department of

Defense institutions included in the IPEDS survey.

NOTE: Data through 1990 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges

and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A:

Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1970 and 1980; and 1990 through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90), and Spring 2001 through Spring

2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 216. Total fall enrollment in public degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1970 through 2008

State or jurisdiction Fall 1970 Fall 1980 Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008

Percent

change,

2003 to 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

United States ................................... 6,428,134 9,457,394 10,844,717 11,752,786 12,858,698 12,980,112 13,021,834 13,180,133 13,490,780 13,972,153 8.7

Alabama ................................................... 87,884 143,674 195,939 207,435 225,347 226,989 228,153 230,668 237,632 245,040 8.7

Alaska....................................................... 8,563 20,561 27,792 26,559 29,821 29,515 28,866 28,595 29,381 29,167 -2.2

Arizona ..................................................... 107,315 194,034 248,213 284,522 310,679 317,974 320,865 331,441 332,154 331,310 6.6

Arkansas................................................... 43,599 66,068 78,645 101,775 119,920 123,973 128,117 131,407 135,525 140,706 17.3

California .................................................. 1,123,529 1,599,838 1,594,710 1,927,771 1,978,831 1,987,283 2,008,155 2,047,565 2,136,087 2,239,487 13.2

Colorado ................................................... 108,562 145,598 200,653 217,897 236,883 239,308 234,509 231,901 227,984 235,265 -0.7

Connecticut............................................... 73,391 97,788 109,556 101,027 108,815 110,354 111,705 112,476 114,072 118,694 9.1

Delaware................................................... 21,151 28,325 34,252 34,194 37,621 38,243 38,682 38,118 39,092 38,952 3.5

District of Columbia .................................. 12,194 13,900 11,990 5,499 5,424 5,388 5,595 5,769 5,608 5,584 2.9

Florida....................................................... 189,450 334,349 489,081 556,912 643,784 649,857 648,999 651,908 683,328 709,593 10.2

Georgia..................................................... 101,900 140,158 196,413 271,755 330,052 335,979 342,012 346,138 359,883 376,468 14.1

Hawaii....................................................... 32,963 43,269 45,728 44,579 50,316 50,569 50,157 49,990 50,454 53,526 6.4

Idaho......................................................... 27,072 34,491 41,315 53,751 60,481 60,695 60,303 59,211 60,526 61,190 1.2

Illinois........................................................ 315,634 491,274 551,333 534,155 566,137 563,593 555,149 552,777 550,940 560,411 -1.0

Indiana...................................................... 136,739 189,224 223,953 240,023 262,957 266,916 267,298 271,704 278,951 296,950 12.9

Iowa .......................................................... 68,390 97,454 117,834 135,008 149,195 149,776 148,907 151,052 154,644 157,019 5.2

Kansas...................................................... 88,215 121,987 149,117 159,976 169,384 170,149 170,319 170,531 170,054 172,640 1.9

Kentucky ................................................... 77,240 114,884 147,095 151,973 196,474 197,991 201,579 204,198 211,234 208,970 6.4

Louisiana .................................................. 101,127 136,703 158,290 189,213 207,923 208,218 181,043 192,554 193,316 203,098 -2.3

Maine........................................................ 25,405 31,878 41,500 40,662 46,714 47,284 47,519 47,770 48,357 48,191 3.2

Maryland................................................... 118,988 195,051 220,783 223,797 251,984 256,582 256,073 260,921 269,719 280,603 11.4

Massachusetts.......................................... 116,127 183,765 186,035 183,248 189,334 187,873 188,295 192,164 198,700 205,820 8.7

Michigan ................................................... 339,625 454,147 487,359 467,861 501,821 500,873 505,586 511,776 519,449 528,040 5.2

Minnesota ................................................. 130,567 162,379 199,211 218,617 242,531 241,245 240,853 244,106 250,397 256,633 5.8

Mississippi ................................................ 64,968 90,661 109,038 125,355 134,318 137,543 135,896 136,626 139,931 144,224 7.4

Missouri .................................................... 132,540 165,179 200,093 201,509 216,777 214,561 217,722 218,475 223,155 228,737 5.5

Montana.................................................... 27,287 31,178 31,865 37,387 42,444 42,289 42,997 42,995 42,857 43,565 2.6

Nebraska .................................................. 51,454 73,509 94,614 88,531 93,432 93,195 93,181 94,486 96,680 99,593 6.6

Nevada ..................................................... 13,576 40,280 61,242 83,120 94,205 96,773 100,043 101,856 104,797 108,559 15.2

New Hampshire ........................................ 15,979 24,119 32,163 35,870 41,324 40,642 41,007 41,530 41,982 42,192 2.1

New Jersey ............................................... 145,373 247,028 261,601 266,921 298,906 305,034 304,315 308,374 318,296 328,838 10.0

New Mexico .............................................. 40,795 55,077 83,403 101,450 117,245 121,339 120,976 121,668 124,773 132,983 13.4

New York................................................... 449,437 563,251 616,884 583,417 613,895 623,192 626,222 635,785 652,428 675,892 10.1

North Carolina .......................................... 123,761 228,154 285,405 329,422 383,720 389,143 396,755 406,068 410,746 434,976 13.4

North Dakota ............................................ 30,192 31,709 34,690 36,014 43,383 43,275 42,808 42,949 43,016 44,268 2.0

Ohio .......................................................... 281,099 381,765 427,613 411,161 450,369 454,377 453,001 452,962 460,240 475,521 5.6

Oklahoma ................................................. 91,438 137,188 151,073 153,699 178,612 179,281 179,225 178,015 177,643 178,253 -0.2

Oregon...................................................... 108,483 140,102 144,427 154,756 166,129 165,375 163,752 160,059 165,260 181,515 9.3

Pennsylvania............................................. 232,982 292,499 343,478 339,229 381,254 384,525 380,271 388,251 396,774 404,976 6.2

Rhode Island ............................................ 25,527 35,052 42,350 38,458 39,937 39,920 40,008 40,374 41,503 42,601 6.7

South Carolina.......................................... 47,101 107,683 131,134 155,519 171,893 172,386 174,686 176,415 180,479 187,253 8.9

South Dakota............................................ 23,936 24,328 26,596 34,857 38,179 37,598 37,548 38,028 38,917 39,743 4.1

Tennessee ................................................ 98,897 156,835 175,049 202,530 196,088 199,904 200,394 205,056 208,524 214,140 9.2

Texas ........................................................ 365,522 613,552 802,314 896,534 1,035,872 1,071,926 1,081,335 1,094,139 1,109,666 1,163,132 12.3

Utah .......................................................... 49,588 59,598 86,108 123,046 140,282 145,182 148,960 148,228 147,982 158,037 12.7

Vermont .................................................... 12,536 17,984 20,910 20,021 22,607 22,980 24,090 24,385 24,829 25,552 13.0

Virginia...................................................... 123,279 246,500 291,286 313,780 341,948 343,391 349,195 357,823 370,486 383,121 12.0

Washington............................................... 162,718 276,028 227,632 273,928 298,079 293,145 296,756 297,048 301,793 312,071 4.7

West Virginia............................................. 51,363 71,228 74,108 76,136 82,273 83,274 85,148 86,501 87,838 88,695 7.8

Wisconsin ................................................. 170,374 235,179 253,529 249,737 266,805 266,884 268,928 272,246 273,708 280,394 5.1

Wyoming................................................... 15,220 21,121 30,623 28,715 31,666 31,597 32.611 32,860 33,705 34,426 8.7

U.S. Service Academies1.......................... 17,079 49,808 48,692 13,475 14,628 14,754 15,265 12,191 15,285 15,539 6.2

Other jurisdictions .......................... 46,680 60,692 66,244 84,464 85,665 83,831 82,341 80,685 80,958 82,424 -3.8

American Samoa...................................... 0 976 1,219 297 1,537 1,550 1,579 1,607 1,767 1,806 17.5

Federated States of Micronesia................ 0 224 975 1,576 2,558 2,608 2,283 2,539 2,379 2,457 -3.9

Guam........................................................ 2,719 3,217 4,741 5,215 4,546 4,470 5,875 5,603 5,077 5,202 14.4

Marshall Islands........................................ 0 0 0 328 601 623 604 647 557 689 14.6

Northern Marianas ................................... 0 0 661 1,078 1,237 1,101 967 968 901 791 -36.1

Palau......................................................... 0 0 491 581 727 651 651 679 668 502 -30.9

Puerto Rico............................................... 42,516 54,127 55,691 73,121 71,722 70,263 67,990 66,154 67,225 68,584 -4.4

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 1,445 2,148 2,466 2,268 2,737 2,565 2,392 2,488 2,384 2,393 -12.6
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 313

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

NOTE: Data through 1990 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges

and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A:

Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1970 and 1980; and 1990 through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90), and Spring 2001 through Spring

2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 217. Total fall enrollment in private degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1970 through 2008

State or jurisdiction Fall 1970 Fall 1980 Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2003 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008

Percent

change,

2003 to 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

United States ................................... 2,152,753 2,639,501 2,973,920 3,559,503 4,052,783 4,291,932 4,465,641 4,578,737 4,757,348 5,130,661 26.6

Alabama ................................................... 16,052 20,632 22,650 26,527 28,499 28,837 28,236 27,740 30,551 65,901 131.2

Alaska....................................................... 908 735 2,041 1,394 1,214 1,354 1,365 1,258 1,235 1,550 27.7

Arizona ..................................................... 2,304 8,682 15,935 57,968 125,088 172,951 224,732 235,751 291,993 372,935 198.1

Arkansas................................................... 8,440 11,539 11,780 13,397 14,030 14,426 15,155 15,984 16,643 17,668 25.9

California .................................................. 133,716 191,155 214,030 328,937 361,867 386,762 391,678 387,209 393,435 412,754 14.1

Colorado ................................................... 14,833 17,318 26,478 45,975 52,541 61,606 68,163 76,482 82,653 89,967 71.2

Connecticut............................................... 51,309 61,844 59,048 60,216 62,161 62,421 62,970 64,240 64,933 65,484 5.3

Delaware................................................... 4,109 4,614 7,752 9,703 11,974 11,561 12,930 13,120 13,251 14,136 18.1

District of Columbia .................................. 64,964 72,775 67,561 67,190 89,873 94,600 99,302 103,736 109,545 120,526 34.1

Florida....................................................... 46,075 77,542 99,005 150,772 196,324 216,808 223,663 233,743 230,465 263,106 34.0

Georgia..................................................... 24,611 44,001 55,373 74,449 81,050 98,304 84,638 89,265 93,828 100,113 23.5

Hawaii....................................................... 3,599 3,912 10,708 15,603 17,165 16,656 16,926 16,903 16,147 16,578 -3.4

Idaho......................................................... 7,495 8,527 10,566 11,843 14,909 15,616 17,405 18,661 18,320 19,266 29.2

Illinois........................................................ 136,512 152,971 177,913 209,763 230,678 237,808 277,818 277,899 286,078 298,831 29.5

Indiana...................................................... 55,929 58,029 60,879 74,311 87,145 89,885 93,955 96,309 101,526 105,006 20.5

Iowa .......................................................... 40,512 42,995 52,681 53,966 64,763 67,870 78,815 87,582 101,615 129,872 100.5

Kansas...................................................... 14,270 14,618 14,616 19,992 20,922 21,441 21,433 22,615 24,048 26,351 25.9

Kentucky ................................................... 21,351 28,182 30,757 36,368 39,269 42,106 43,390 44,716 46,979 48,613 23.8

Louisiana .................................................. 19,601 23,355 28,550 34,587 36,614 38,083 16,670 31,593 31,438 33,277 -9.1

Maine........................................................ 8,729 11,386 15,686 17,811 17,508 18,131 18,032 18,379 18,816 19,605 12.0

Maryland................................................... 30,619 30,475 38,917 49,948 55,629 55,911 58,078 58,539 57,878 58,311 4.8

Massachusetts.......................................... 187,682 234,650 231,798 237,894 246,768 251,372 255,021 259,362 264,666 271,236 9.9

Michigan ................................................... 53,101 65,984 82,444 99,770 114,191 120,107 121,165 122,713 123,830 124,759 9.3

Minnesota ................................................. 30,221 44,312 54,578 74,828 97,066 107,776 120,848 131,793 141,996 154,422 59.1

Mississippi ................................................ 8,999 11,703 13,845 12,034 14,266 14,572 14,561 14,511 15,301 16,217 13.7

Missouri .................................................... 51,390 69,242 89,806 119,839 142,972 150,643 156,723 158,623 161,211 167,672 17.3

Montana.................................................... 2,775 3,999 4,011 4,853 4,796 4,884 4,853 4,506 4,514 4,275 -10.9

Nebraska .................................................. 15,461 15,979 18,217 23,586 26,079 27,858 28,055 30,014 30,698 30,865 18.4

Nevada ..................................................... 93 175 486 4,773 6,644 9,188 10,662 10,414 11,479 11,931 79.6

New Hampshire ........................................ 13,421 22,675 27,347 25,848 28,284 29,521 28,886 29,139 28,742 29,547 4.5

New Jersey ............................................... 70,748 74,582 62,685 69,024 73,726 75,340 75,443 77,282 79,840 81,322 10.3

New Mexico .............................................. 3,666 3,206 2,097 9,289 9,795 10,238 10,361 10,160 9,602 9,430 -3.7

New York................................................... 357,042 428,986 431,402 459,978 512,190 518,333 525,859 524,579 520,383 558,966 9.1

North Carolina .......................................... 48,164 59,383 66,733 75,230 80,717 83,566 87,637 89,565 91,584 94,001 16.5

North Dakota ............................................ 1,303 2,360 3,188 4,234 5,019 6,258 6,581 6,570 6,929 7,059 40.6

Ohio .......................................................... 95,168 107,380 130,077 138,392 153,030 159,857 163,349 166,980 170,257 178,064 16.4

Oklahoma ................................................. 18,717 23,107 22,148 24,317 29,179 28,344 28,828 28,221 28,739 28,504 -2.3

Oregon...................................................... 13,694 17,356 21,314 28,309 32,657 34,610 36,281 37,535 37,668 38,959 19.3

Pennsylvania............................................. 178,062 215,217 260,582 270,292 294,867 304,255 312,069 318,881 328,623 335,312 13.7

Rhode Island ............................................ 20,371 31,817 35,923 36,992 39,148 40,457 41,374 41,360 41,397 41,292 5.5

South Carolina.......................................... 22,417 24,793 28,168 30,412 35,708 36,524 35,758 36,007 37,276 43,442 21.7

South Dakota............................................ 6,703 8,433 7,612 8,364 17,637 11,110 11,220 10,903 10,830 10,701 -39.3

Tennessee ................................................ 36,206 47,746 51,189 61,380 80,911 78,151 82,676 85,474 89,261 93,470 15.5

Texas ........................................................ 76,703 87,839 99,123 137,439 139,464 157,271 159,372 158,570 159,432 164,016 17.6

Utah .......................................................... 32,099 34,389 35,195 40,730 43,180 49,142 51,731 53,923 55,697 59,187 37.1

Vermont .................................................... 9,673 12,644 15,488 15,468 15,088 15,659 15,825 16,710 17,362 17,394 15.3

Virginia...................................................... 28,636 34,004 62,156 68,113 72,997 81,790 89,971 98,349 107,782 117,675 61.2

Washington............................................... 20,826 27,575 35,752 46,912 47,487 50,379 51,726 51,106 50,282 50,464 6.3

West Virginia............................................. 11,790 10,745 10,682 11,752 14,732 14,610 14,399 14,018 29,010 36,638 148.7

Wisconsin ................................................. 31,684 33,907 46,245 57,442 62,933 64,622 66,330 67,912 70,039 72,481 15.2

Wyoming................................................... 0 26 703 1,289 2,029 2,358 2,723 1,833 1,541 1,510 -25.6

Other jurisdictions .......................... 20,557 77,057 98,374 110,169 132,393 137,089 140,824 145,490 145,891 153,743 16.1

American Samoa...................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 †

Federated States of Micronesia................ 0 000000000 †

Guam........................................................ 0 0 0 0 164 172 189 186 167 149 -9.1

Marshall Islands........................................ 0 000000000 †

Northern Marianas ................................... 0 000000000 †

Palau......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 †

Puerto Rico............................................... 20,557 77,057 98,374 110,169 132,229 136,917 140,635 145,304 145,724 153,594 16.2

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 †
314 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008 and

Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 218. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 

State or jurisdiction

Fall 2007 Fall 2008 

Total

Full-time Part-time

Total

Full-time Part-time

Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

United States ................................... 18,248,128 5,029,444 6,240,448 2,786,470 4,191,766 19,102,814 5,234,357 6,513,386 2,954,538 4,400,533

Alabama ................................................... 268,183 76,106 101,202 34,118 56,757 310,941 91,438 113,560 40,897 65,046

Alaska....................................................... 30,616 5,648 7,132 6,434 11,402 30,717 5,780 7,162 6,300 11,475

Arizona ..................................................... 624,147 160,867 259,148 82,041 122,091 704,245 184,726 315,746 80,374 123,399

Arkansas................................................... 152,168 41,143 55,874 20,193 34,958 158,374 42,861 58,120 21,086 36,307

California .................................................. 2,529,522 570,597 706,796 552,957 699,172 2,652,241 589,577 732,119 596,481 734,064

Colorado ................................................... 310,637 89,031 105,588 48,034 67,984 325,232 92,433 111,877 49,650 71,272

Connecticut............................................... 179,005 52,795 63,917 22,708 39,585 184,178 54,236 65,620 23,761 40,561

Delaware................................................... 52,343 14,371 19,576 6,217 12,179 53,088 14,836 20,113 6,215 11,924

District of Columbia .................................. 115,153 26,994 37,464 18,435 32,260 126,110 27,624 38,254 21,322 38,910

Florida....................................................... 913,793 227,878 296,255 155,277 234,383 972,699 237,060 311,660 166,009 257,970

Georgia..................................................... 453,711 129,056 173,902 53,880 96,873 476,581 136,227 184,421 55,587 100,346

Hawaii....................................................... 66,601 16,628 22,422 10,929 16,622 70,104 16,747 23,073 12,262 18,022

Idaho......................................................... 78,846 24,265 28,454 10,388 15,739 80,456 25,164 29,131 10,494 15,667

Illinois........................................................ 837,018 225,421 272,747 134,068 204,782 859,242 230,624 277,756 140,004 210,858

Indiana...................................................... 380,477 121,943 142,960 47,340 68,234 401,956 127,851 150,305 50,788 73,012

Iowa .......................................................... 256,259 72,189 88,157 34,477 61,436 286,891 77,217 99,398 38,017 72,259

Kansas...................................................... 194,102 54,570 59,833 31,209 48,490 198,991 56,582 62,220 31,968 48,221

Kentucky ................................................... 258,213 65,573 90,911 46,124 55,605 257,583 67,391 93,078 42,763 54,351

Louisiana .................................................. 224,754 67,873 92,440 23,059 41,382 236,375 69,086 94,818 26,689 45,782

Maine........................................................ 67,173 19,005 23,429 8,153 16,586 67,796 19,631 23,838 8,324 16,003

Maryland................................................... 327,597 78,836 98,259 56,315 94,187 338,914 81,792 100,941 59,177 97,004

Massachusetts.......................................... 463,366 144,749 174,317 52,884 91,416 477,056 149,295 179,612 54,591 93,558

Michigan ................................................... 643,279 172,435 203,719 104,256 162,869 652,799 178,006 207,943 104,783 162,067

Minnesota ................................................. 392,393 104,918 133,250 58,238 95,987 411,055 109,022 139,972 60,424 101,637

Mississippi ................................................ 155,232 47,863 71,467 11,962 23,940 160,441 49,284 73,815 12,238 25,104

Missouri .................................................... 384,366 103,670 130,064 58,602 92,030 396,409 106,460 134,525 58,944 96,480

Montana.................................................... 47,371 17,003 18,071 4,787 7,510 47,840 17,132 17,937 4,835 7,936

Nebraska .................................................. 127,378 38,781 43,756 18,703 26,138 130,458 39,570 43,951 19,763 27,174

Nevada ..................................................... 116,276 23,565 30,936 28,202 33,573 120,490 24,659 31,835 29,567 34,429

New Hampshire ........................................ 70,724 22,516 26,997 7,087 14,124 71,739 22,832 27,589 7,489 13,829

New Jersey ............................................... 398,136 113,950 129,204 61,710 93,272 410,160 119,795 134,711 62,909 92,745

New Mexico .............................................. 134,375 30,224 39,158 26,370 38,623 142,413 31,503 40,403 29,692 40,815

New York................................................... 1,172,811 371,375 463,961 124,486 212,989 1,234,858 382,355 474,688 142,118 235,697

North Carolina .......................................... 502,330 136,321 181,090 65,780 119,139 528,977 142,340 188,340 72,066 126,231

North Dakota ............................................ 49,945 18,312 18,353 5,518 7,762 51,327 18,777 18,616 5,901 8,033

Ohio .......................................................... 630,497 195,594 236,564 77,919 120,420 653,585 201,242 243,773 83,043 125,527

Oklahoma ................................................. 206,382 60,871 72,237 29,048 44,226 206,757 60,260 71,415 30,078 45,004

Oregon...................................................... 202,928 55,703 66,514 34,129 46,582 220,474 60,715 71,563 37,324 50,872

Pennsylvania............................................. 725,397 243,609 279,687 72,104 129,997 740,288 249,862 287,292 71,754 131,380

Rhode Island ............................................ 82,900 28,163 32,849 8,130 13,758 83,893 28,612 33,107 8,071 14,103

South Carolina.......................................... 217,755 63,008 85,337 22,917 46,493 230,695 67,705 90,827 24,600 47,563

South Dakota............................................ 49,747 15,332 17,095 6,005 11,315 50,444 15,479 17,210 6,136 11,619

Tennessee ................................................ 297,785 93,256 122,124 30,241 52,164 307,610 96,052 125,697 31,400 54,461

Texas ........................................................ 1,269,098 321,442 384,631 228,537 334,488 1,327,148 330,691 393,473 245,843 357,141

Utah .......................................................... 203,679 64,111 61,862 38,815 38,891 217,224 67,062 65,542 42,079 42,541

Vermont .................................................... 42,191 15,764 15,673 3,504 7,250 42,946 16,186 16,160 3,405 7,195

Virginia...................................................... 478,268 128,162 161,832 75,639 112,635 500,796 134,257 169,204 80,237 117,098

Washington............................................... 352,075 97,884 117,979 56,246 79,966 362,535 101,863 122,157 57,450 81,065

West Virginia............................................. 116,848 35,779 41,535 19,689 19,845 125,333 37,380 43,041 23,346 21,566

Wisconsin ................................................. 343,747 102,325 121,490 45,916 74,016 352,875 104,859 123,195 48,696 76,125

Wyoming................................................... 35,246 9,491 9,435 6,679 9,641 35,936 9,531 9,750 7,572 9,083

U.S. Service Academies........................... 15,285 12,479 2,795 11 0 15,539 12,688 2,833 16 2

Other jurisdictions .......................... 226,849 68,994 104,167 20,391 33,297 236,167 73,393 111,107 19,694 31,973

American Samoa...................................... 1,767 328 509 324 606 1,806 272 447 396 691

Federated States of Micronesia................ 2,379 888 872 299 320 2,457 884 983 281 309

Guam........................................................ 5,244 1,190 1,917 872 1,265 5,351 1,212 1,925 900 1,314

Marshall Islands........................................ 557 181 146 130 100 689 185 201 146 157

Northern Marianas ................................... 901 248 411 89 153 791 200 368 80 143

Palau......................................................... 668 229 246 80 113 502 146 149 95 112

Puerto Rico............................................... 212,949 65,586 99,114 18,359 29,890 222,178 70,075 106,023 17,580 28,500

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 2,384 344 952 238 850 2,393 419 1,011 216 747
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 315

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008 and

Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 219. Total fall enrollment in public degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008 

State or jurisdiction

Fall 2007 Fall 2008

Total

Full-time Part-time

Total

Full-time Part-time

Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

United States ................................... 13,490,780 3,516,489 4,170,492 2,340,810 3,462,989 13,972,153 3,640,205 4,286,406 2,460,310 3,585,232

Alabama ................................................... 237,632 66,526 86,367 32,136 52,603 245,040 69,254 89,539 32,417 53,830

Alaska....................................................... 29,381 5,460 6,765 6,215 10,941 29,167 5,544 6,721 6,058 10,844

Arizona ..................................................... 332,154 66,897 76,872 76,912 111,473 331,310 71,370 80,341 73,231 106,368

Arkansas................................................... 135,525 34,901 48,493 19,153 32,978 140,706 36,379 50,160 19,955 34,212

California .................................................. 2,136,087 443,853 535,862 512,746 643,626 2,239,487 454,615 545,351 556,657 682,864

Colorado ................................................... 227,984 62,199 68,058 40,027 57,700 235,265 64,344 69,667 41,141 60,113

Connecticut............................................... 114,072 30,340 36,163 17,568 30,001 118,694 32,051 37,493 18,290 30,860

Delaware................................................... 39,092 11,526 15,549 4,154 7,863 38,952 11,711 15,487 4,081 7,673

District of Columbia .................................. 5,608 1,272 1,524 1,031 1,781 5,584 1,405 1,583 983 1,613

Florida....................................................... 683,328 156,632 201,991 126,358 198,347 709,593 161,921 207,420 133,414 206,838

Georgia..................................................... 359,883 99,715 129,595 46,887 83,686 376,468 105,592 136,806 48,322 85,748

Hawaii....................................................... 50,454 12,513 15,218 8,920 13,803 53,526 12,909 15,926 9,783 14,908

Idaho......................................................... 60,526 17,670 19,184 9,279 14,393 61,190 18,186 19,633 9,336 14,035

Illinois........................................................ 550,940 136,205 152,372 104,963 157,400 560,411 139,381 154,283 108,353 158,394

Indiana...................................................... 278,951 85,816 95,455 40,854 56,826 296,950 90,829 101,439 43,896 60,786

Iowa .......................................................... 154,644 48,334 49,877 23,689 32,744 157,019 49,369 51,124 23,800 32,726

Kansas...................................................... 170,054 47,683 51,436 27,975 42,960 172,640 49,448 52,639 28,363 42,190

Kentucky ................................................... 211,234 52,727 69,661 41,527 47,319 208,970 54,116 70,432 38,425 45,997

Louisiana .................................................. 193,316 58,150 76,850 21,198 37,118 203,098 59,117 78,235 24,581 41,165

Maine........................................................ 48,357 13,115 14,865 6,984 13,393 48,191 13,421 14,888 7,081 12,801

Maryland................................................... 269,719 63,124 76,833 48,613 81,149 280,603 65,706 79,708 51,456 83,733

Massachusetts.......................................... 198,700 52,295 60,095 30,869 55,441 205,820 54,740 62,321 31,872 56,887

Michigan ................................................... 519,449 141,431 161,878 85,416 130,724 528,040 145,992 165,244 85,933 130,871

Minnesota ................................................. 250,397 73,283 79,329 40,336 57,449 256,633 74,336 79,192 42,427 60,678

Mississippi ................................................ 139,931 43,366 63,482 11,128 21,955 144,224 44,746 65,095 11,401 22,982

Missouri .................................................... 223,155 62,035 75,021 32,066 54,033 228,737 64,206 76,781 32,214 55,536

Montana.................................................... 42,857 15,507 15,989 4,423 6,938 43,565 15,624 16,096 4,514 7,331

Nebraska .................................................. 96,680 28,562 29,822 16,262 22,034 99,593 29,662 30,454 16,956 22,521

Nevada ..................................................... 104,797 19,642 24,419 27,795 32,941 108,559 20,628 25,336 29,026 33,569

New Hampshire ........................................ 41,982 12,545 14,860 4,906 9,671 42,192 13,103 15,514 4,765 8,810

New Jersey ............................................... 318,296 86,689 100,797 51,817 78,993 328,838 91,742 105,514 52,861 78,721

New Mexico .............................................. 124,773 27,141 34,127 25,939 37,566 132,983 28,348 35,426 29,259 39,950

New York................................................... 652,428 194,215 233,729 85,151 139,333 675,892 201,628 241,998 89,118 143,148

North Carolina .......................................... 410,746 102,646 136,457 61,261 110,382 434,976 107,858 142,401 67,499 117,218

North Dakota ............................................ 43,016 16,347 15,124 4,930 6,615 44,268 16,874 15,507 5,243 6,644

Ohio .......................................................... 460,240 140,007 161,652 63,479 95,102 475,521 143,848 165,451 66,742 99,480

Oklahoma ................................................. 177,643 48,932 59,234 27,367 42,110 178,253 48,385 58,794 28,247 42,827

Oregon...................................................... 165,260 43,563 48,954 30,948 41,795 181,515 48,798 53,560 33,762 45,395

Pennsylvania............................................. 396,774 133,756 144,510 42,466 76,042 404,976 138,012 148,296 42,014 76,654

Rhode Island ............................................ 41,503 10,165 14,277 5,792 11,269 42,601 10,554 14,535 5,882 11,630

South Carolina.......................................... 180,479 50,467 67,016 20,859 42,137 187,253 52,922 69,373 22,166 42,792

South Dakota............................................ 38,917 12,949 13,080 4,410 8,478 39,743 13,166 13,234 4,567 8,776

Tennessee ................................................ 208,524 61,659 78,674 24,853 43,338 214,140 63,320 79,993 25,627 45,200

Texas ........................................................ 1,109,666 267,117 316,753 212,006 313,790 1,163,132 275,253 323,652 228,707 335,520

Utah .......................................................... 147,982 40,348 36,500 35,593 35,541 158,037 41,731 38,034 38,877 39,395

Vermont .................................................... 24,829 7,735 8,694 2,541 5,859 25,552 8,045 9,164 2,518 5,825

Virginia...................................................... 370,486 95,113 114,109 64,303 96,961 383,121 98,588 118,189 67,239 99,105

Washington............................................... 301,793 81,347 95,679 51,541 73,226 312,071 85,447 99,603 52,744 74,277

West Virginia............................................. 87,838 30,217 33,598 8,878 15,145 88,695 30,910 33,986 8,859 14,940

Wisconsin ................................................. 273,708 82,251 91,485 39,596 60,376 280,394 84,195 92,372 42,060 61,767

Wyoming................................................... 33,705 8,022 9,363 6,679 9,641 34,426 8,188 9,583 7,572 9,083

U.S. Service Academies........................... 15,285 12,479 2,795 11 0 15,539 12,688 2,833 16 2

Other jurisdictions .......................... 80,958 25,872 39,340 6,133 9,613 82,424 26,885 40,606 5,794 9,139

American Samoa...................................... 1,767 328 509 324 606 1,806 272 447 396 691

Federated States of Micronesia................ 2,379 888 872 299 320 2,457 884 983 281 309

Guam........................................................ 5,077 1,124 1,842 865 1,246 5,202 1,157 1,871 884 1,290

Marshall Islands........................................ 557 181 146 130 100 689 185 201 146 157

Northern Marianas ................................... 901 248 411 89 153 791 200 368 80 143

Palau......................................................... 668 229 246 80 113 502 146 149 95 112

Puerto Rico............................................... 67,225 22,530 34,362 4,108 6,225 68,584 23,622 35,576 3,696 5,690

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 2,384 344 952 238 850 2,393 419 1,011 216 747
316 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008 and

Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 220. Total fall enrollment in private degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008

State or jurisdiction

Fall 2007 Fall 2008

Total

Full-time Part-time

Total

Full-time Part-time

Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

United States ................................... 4,757,348 1,512,955 2,069,956 445,660 728,777 5,130,661 1,594,152 2,226,980 494,228 815,301

Alabama ................................................... 30,551 9,580 14,835 1,982 4,154 65,901 22,184 24,021 8,480 11,216

Alaska....................................................... 1,235 188 367 219 461 1,550 236 441 242 631

Arizona ..................................................... 291,993 93,970 182,276 5,129 10,618 372,935 113,356 235,405 7,143 17,031

Arkansas................................................... 16,643 6,242 7,381 1,040 1,980 17,668 6,482 7,960 1,131 2,095

California .................................................. 393,435 126,744 170,934 40,211 55,546 412,754 134,962 186,768 39,824 51,200

Colorado ................................................... 82,653 26,832 37,530 8,007 10,284 89,967 28,089 42,210 8,509 11,159

Connecticut............................................... 64,933 22,455 27,754 5,140 9,584 65,484 22,185 28,127 5,471 9,701

Delaware................................................... 13,251 2,845 4,027 2,063 4,316 14,136 3,125 4,626 2,134 4,251

District of Columbia .................................. 109,545 25,722 35,940 17,404 30,479 120,526 26,219 36,671 20,339 37,297

Florida....................................................... 230,465 71,246 94,264 28,919 36,036 263,106 75,139 104,240 32,595 51,132

Georgia..................................................... 93,828 29,341 44,307 6,993 13,187 100,113 30,635 47,615 7,265 14,598

Hawaii....................................................... 16,147 4,115 7,204 2,009 2,819 16,578 3,838 7,147 2,479 3,114

Idaho......................................................... 18,320 6,595 9,270 1,109 1,346 19,266 6,978 9,498 1,158 1,632

Illinois........................................................ 286,078 89,216 120,375 29,105 47,382 298,831 91,243 123,473 31,651 52,464

Indiana...................................................... 101,526 36,127 47,505 6,486 11,408 105,006 37,022 48,866 6,892 12,226

Iowa .......................................................... 101,615 23,855 38,280 10,788 28,692 129,872 27,848 48,274 14,217 39,533

Kansas...................................................... 24,048 6,887 8,397 3,234 5,530 26,351 7,134 9,581 3,605 6,031

Kentucky ................................................... 46,979 12,846 21,250 4,597 8,286 48,613 13,275 22,646 4,338 8,354

Louisiana .................................................. 31,438 9,723 15,590 1,861 4,264 33,277 9,969 16,583 2,108 4,617

Maine........................................................ 18,816 5,890 8,564 1,169 3,193 19,605 6,210 8,950 1,243 3,202

Maryland................................................... 57,878 15,712 21,426 7,702 13,038 58,311 16,086 21,233 7,721 13,271

Massachusetts.......................................... 264,666 92,454 114,222 22,015 35,975 271,236 94,555 117,291 22,719 36,671

Michigan ................................................... 123,830 31,004 41,841 18,840 32,145 124,759 32,014 42,699 18,850 31,196

Minnesota ................................................. 141,996 31,635 53,921 17,902 38,538 154,422 34,686 60,780 17,997 40,959

Mississippi ................................................ 15,301 4,497 7,985 834 1,985 16,217 4,538 8,720 837 2,122

Missouri .................................................... 161,211 41,635 55,043 26,536 37,997 167,672 42,254 57,744 26,730 40,944

Montana.................................................... 4,514 1,496 2,082 364 572 4,275 1,508 1,841 321 605

Nebraska .................................................. 30,698 10,219 13,934 2,441 4,104 30,865 9,908 13,497 2,807 4,653

Nevada ..................................................... 11,479 3,923 6,517 407 632 11,931 4,031 6,499 541 860

New Hampshire ........................................ 28,742 9,971 12,137 2,181 4,453 29,547 9,729 12,075 2,724 5,019

New Jersey ............................................... 79,840 27,261 28,407 9,893 14,279 81,322 28,053 29,197 10,048 14,024

New Mexico .............................................. 9,602 3,083 5,031 431 1,057 9,430 3,155 4,977 433 865

New York................................................... 520,383 177,160 230,232 39,335 73,656 558,966 180,727 232,690 53,000 92,549

North Carolina .......................................... 91,584 33,675 44,633 4,519 8,757 94,001 34,482 45,939 4,567 9,013

North Dakota ............................................ 6,929 1,965 3,229 588 1,147 7,059 1,903 3,109 658 1,389

Ohio .......................................................... 170,257 55,587 74,912 14,440 25,318 178,064 57,394 78,322 16,301 26,047

Oklahoma ................................................. 28,739 11,939 13,003 1,681 2,116 28,504 11,875 12,621 1,831 2,177

Oregon...................................................... 37,668 12,140 17,560 3,181 4,787 38,959 11,917 18,003 3,562 5,477

Pennsylvania............................................. 328,623 109,853 135,177 29,638 53,955 335,312 111,850 138,996 29,740 54,726

Rhode Island ............................................ 41,397 17,998 18,572 2,338 2,489 41,292 18,058 18,572 2,189 2,473

South Carolina.......................................... 37,276 12,541 18,321 2,058 4,356 43,442 14,783 21,454 2,434 4,771

South Dakota............................................ 10,830 2,383 4,015 1,595 2,837 10,701 2,313 3,976 1,569 2,843

Tennessee ................................................ 89,261 31,597 43,450 5,388 8,826 93,470 32,732 45,704 5,773 9,261

Texas ........................................................ 159,432 54,325 67,878 16,531 20,698 164,016 55,438 69,821 17,136 21,621

Utah .......................................................... 55,697 23,763 25,362 3,222 3,350 59,187 25,331 27,508 3,202 3,146

Vermont .................................................... 17,362 8,029 6,979 963 1,391 17,394 8,141 6,996 887 1,370

Virginia...................................................... 107,782 33,049 47,723 11,336 15,674 117,675 35,669 51,015 12,998 17,993

Washington............................................... 50,282 16,537 22,300 4,705 6,740 50,464 16,416 22,554 4,706 6,788

West Virginia............................................. 29,010 5,562 7,937 10,811 4,700 36,638 6,470 9,055 14,487 6,626

Wisconsin ................................................. 70,039 20,074 30,005 6,320 13,640 72,481 20,664 30,823 6,636 14,358

Wyoming................................................... 1,541 1,469 72 0 0 1,510 1,343 167 0 0

Other jurisdictions .......................... 145,891 43,122 64,827 14,258 23,684 153,743 46,508 70,501 13,900 22,834

American Samoa......................................000000000 0

Federated States of Micronesia................ 0 00000000 0

Guam........................................................ 167 66 75 7 19 149 55 54 16 24

Marshall Islands........................................ 0 00000000 0

Northern Marianas ................................... 0 00000000 0

Palau.........................................................000000000 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 145,724 43,056 64,752 14,251 23,665 153,594 46,453 70,447 13,884 22,810

U.S. Virgin Islands ....................................000000000 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 317

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008 and

Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 221. Total fall enrollment in private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 

2008 

State or jurisdiction

Fall 2007 Fall 2008

Total

Full-time Part-time

Total

Full-time Part-time

Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

United States ................................... 3,571,150 1,168,466 1,496,036 347,328 559,320 3,661,519 1,194,139 1,527,950 360,841 578,589

Alabama ................................................... 22,527 8,150 10,855 1,337 2,185 27,357 9,912 13,308 1,543 2,594

Alaska....................................................... 719 134 261 99 225 803 164 303 100 236

Arizona ..................................................... 7,789 3,144 2,319 1,080 1,246 8,046 3,368 2,658 1,027 993

Arkansas................................................... 14,766 5,552 6,289 978 1,947 15,181 5,589 6,451 1,078 2,063

California .................................................. 277,554 85,998 113,346 32,390 45,820 268,201 87,625 115,692 27,126 37,758

Colorado ................................................... 31,948 8,792 11,645 4,698 6,813 32,126 8,623 11,778 4,787 6,938

Connecticut............................................... 61,646 21,649 26,537 4,763 8,697 62,270 21,393 26,753 5,121 9,003

Delaware................................................... 13,251 2,845 4,027 2,063 4,316 14,136 3,125 4,626 2,134 4,251

District of Columbia .................................. 73,460 22,764 31,073 8,233 11,390 74,542 23,102 31,409 8,434 11,597

Florida....................................................... 150,807 45,473 55,732 23,257 26,345 154,308 46,484 56,703 23,717 27,404

Georgia..................................................... 65,720 22,252 32,683 3,829 6,956 66,698 22,594 34,125 3,580 6,399

Hawaii....................................................... 13,119 3,274 5,416 1,904 2,525 13,469 3,063 5,213 2,362 2,831

Idaho......................................................... 16,672 5,973 8,344 1,026 1,329 17,329 6,289 8,346 1,079 1,615

Illinois........................................................ 220,491 70,254 92,342 21,235 36,660 221,436 70,333 91,623 21,717 37,763

Indiana...................................................... 83,110 30,998 38,657 4,837 8,618 84,824 31,625 39,245 5,069 8,885

Iowa .......................................................... 56,170 19,494 25,221 3,939 7,516 56,467 19,649 24,976 4,232 7,610

Kansas...................................................... 22,452 6,487 7,502 3,173 5,290 24,187 6,656 8,320 3,520 5,691

Kentucky ................................................... 31,913 10,052 14,400 2,811 4,650 33,085 10,337 14,853 2,897 4,998

Louisiana .................................................. 24,204 7,824 10,867 1,653 3,860 24,796 7,858 10,883 1,880 4,175

Maine........................................................ 17,308 5,737 7,809 1,074 2,688 17,948 6,021 8,201 1,120 2,606

Maryland................................................... 52,673 13,732 18,924 7,306 12,711 52,492 13,931 18,886 7,122 12,553

Massachusetts.......................................... 260,400 90,390 112,897 21,525 35,588 265,813 92,368 115,311 22,167 35,967

Michigan ................................................... 116,000 27,705 38,178 18,258 31,859 116,432 28,429 39,196 18,017 30,790

Minnesota ................................................. 71,851 22,455 30,596 6,869 11,931 72,131 23,060 31,166 6,393 11,512

Mississippi ................................................ 13,461 4,193 6,647 796 1,825 14,092 4,223 7,143 795 1,931

Missouri .................................................... 143,481 35,826 46,124 25,310 36,221 146,872 36,562 47,410 25,182 37,718

Montana.................................................... 4,514 1,496 2,082 364 572 4,275 1,508 1,841 321 605

Nebraska .................................................. 28,177 9,430 12,513 2,326 3,908 28,706 9,237 12,404 2,683 4,382

Nevada ..................................................... 1,504 534 817 60 93 1,719 622 817 76 204

New Hampshire ........................................ 24,629 9,027 10,345 1,833 3,424 25,523 9,101 10,653 2,135 3,634

New Jersey ............................................... 73,822 25,112 25,545 9,429 13,736 75,057 26,171 26,154 9,600 13,132

New Mexico .............................................. 2,932 908 1,084 252 688 2,565 958 958 204 445

New York................................................... 474,411 162,681 206,315 36,683 68,732 514,229 166,699 209,356 50,483 87,691

North Carolina .......................................... 85,809 32,013 41,700 4,146 7,950 87,135 32,359 42,619 4,132 8,025

North Dakota ............................................ 5,723 1,842 2,771 446 664 5,600 1,741 2,657 448 754

Ohio .......................................................... 138,712 47,809 57,703 12,210 20,990 139,170 48,599 57,800 11,966 20,805

Oklahoma ................................................. 21,490 8,580 9,214 1,608 2,088 21,490 8,412 9,222 1,723 2,133

Oregon...................................................... 29,602 9,354 13,701 2,605 3,942 30,223 9,302 13,862 2,810 4,249

Pennsylvania............................................. 280,713 93,431 117,513 24,519 45,250 286,223 95,490 120,572 24,220 45,941

Rhode Island ............................................ 40,758 17,865 18,153 2,309 2,431 41,058 18,027 18,394 2,184 2,453

South Carolina.......................................... 33,875 11,372 16,855 1,875 3,773 38,365 13,222 19,080 2,084 3,979

South Dakota............................................ 7,702 1,936 3,166 888 1,712 7,445 1,882 3,196 800 1,567

Tennessee ................................................ 69,572 24,662 32,944 4,509 7,457 71,398 25,334 33,972 4,640 7,452

Texas ........................................................ 126,003 42,934 51,656 13,865 17,548 127,358 43,212 52,204 13,899 18,043

Utah .......................................................... 47,173 20,187 21,707 2,782 2,497 50,186 21,497 23,465 2,783 2,441

Vermont .................................................... 16,725 7,624 6,747 963 1,391 16,726 7,733 6,736 887 1,370

Virginia...................................................... 77,753 23,910 32,563 9,228 12,052 84,748 25,501 34,601 10,588 14,058

Washington............................................... 41,726 12,904 19,342 3,733 5,747 41,572 12,873 19,240 3,713 5,746

West Virginia............................................. 11,965 4,094 5,968 617 1,286 12,123 4,119 6,056 624 1,324

Wisconsin ................................................. 62,368 17,614 26,941 5,635 12,178 63,584 18,157 27,513 5,639 12,275

Wyoming...................................................000000000 0

Other jurisdictions .......................... 124,148 35,180 54,672 12,823 21,473 131,310 38,613 59,985 12,381 20,331

American Samoa......................................000000000 0

Federated States of Micronesia................ 0 00000000 0

Guam........................................................ 167 66 75 7 19 149 55 54 16 24

Marshall Islands........................................ 0 00000000 0

Northern Marianas ................................... 0 00000000 0

Palau.........................................................000000000 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 123,981 35,114 54,597 12,816 21,454 131,161 38,558 59,931 12,365 20,307

U.S. Virgin Islands ....................................000000000 0
318 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008 and

Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 222. Total fall enrollment in private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex, and state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 

2008 

State or jurisdiction

Fall 2007 Fall 2008

Total

Full-time Part-time

Total

Full-time Part-time

Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

United States ................................... 1,186,198 344,489 573,920 98,332 169,457 1,469,142 400,013 699,030 133,387 236,712

Alabama ................................................... 8,024 1,430 3,980 645 1,969 38,544 12,272 10,713 6,937 8,622

Alaska....................................................... 516 54 106 120 236 747 72 138 142 395

Arizona ..................................................... 284,204 90,826 179,957 4,049 9,372 364,889 109,988 232,747 6,116 16,038

Arkansas................................................... 1,877 690 1,092 62 33 2,487 893 1,509 53 32

California .................................................. 115,881 40,746 57,588 7,821 9,726 144,553 47,337 71,076 12,698 13,442

Colorado ................................................... 50,705 18,040 25,885 3,309 3,471 57,841 19,466 30,432 3,722 4,221

Connecticut............................................... 3,287 806 1,217 377 887 3,214 792 1,374 350 698

Delaware...................................................000000000 0

District of Columbia .................................. 36,085 2,958 4,867 9,171 19,089 45,984 3,117 5,262 11,905 25,700

Florida....................................................... 79,658 25,773 38,532 5,662 9,691 108,798 28,655 47,537 8,878 23,728

Georgia..................................................... 28,108 7,089 11,624 3,164 6,231 33,415 8,041 13,490 3,685 8,199

Hawaii....................................................... 3,028 841 1,788 105 294 3,109 775 1,934 117 283

Idaho......................................................... 1,648 622 926 83 17 1,937 689 1,152 79 17

Illinois........................................................ 65,587 18,962 28,033 7,870 10,722 77,395 20,910 31,850 9,934 14,701

Indiana...................................................... 18,416 5,129 8,848 1,649 2,790 20,182 5,397 9,621 1,823 3,341

Iowa .......................................................... 45,445 4,361 13,059 6,849 21,176 73,405 8,199 23,298 9,985 31,923

Kansas...................................................... 1,596 400 895 61 240 2,164 478 1,261 85 340

Kentucky ................................................... 15,066 2,794 6,850 1,786 3,636 15,528 2,938 7,793 1,441 3,356

Louisiana .................................................. 7,234 1,899 4,723 208 404 8,481 2,111 5,700 228 442

Maine........................................................ 1,508 153 755 95 505 1,657 189 749 123 596

Maryland................................................... 5,205 1,980 2,502 396 327 5,819 2,155 2,347 599 718

Massachusetts.......................................... 4,266 2,064 1,325 490 387 5,423 2,187 1,980 552 704

Michigan ................................................... 7,830 3,299 3,663 582 286 8,327 3,585 3,503 833 406

Minnesota ................................................. 70,145 9,180 23,325 11,033 26,607 82,291 11,626 29,614 11,604 29,447

Mississippi ................................................ 1,840 304 1,338 38 160 2,125 315 1,577 42 191

Missouri .................................................... 17,730 5,809 8,919 1,226 1,776 20,800 5,692 10,334 1,548 3,226

Montana....................................................000000000 0

Nebraska .................................................. 2,521 789 1,421 115 196 2,159 671 1,093 124 271

Nevada ..................................................... 9,975 3,389 5,700 347 539 10,212 3,409 5,682 465 656

New Hampshire ........................................ 4,113 944 1,792 348 1,029 4,024 628 1,422 589 1,385

New Jersey ............................................... 6,018 2,149 2,862 464 543 6,265 1,882 3,043 448 892

New Mexico .............................................. 6,670 2,175 3,947 179 369 6,865 2,197 4,019 229 420

New York................................................... 45,972 14,479 23,917 2,652 4,924 44,737 14,028 23,334 2,517 4,858

North Carolina .......................................... 5,775 1,662 2,933 373 807 6,866 2,123 3,320 435 988

North Dakota ............................................ 1,206 123 458 142 483 1,459 162 452 210 635

Ohio .......................................................... 31,545 7,778 17,209 2,230 4,328 38,894 8,795 20,522 4,335 5,242

Oklahoma ................................................. 7,249 3,359 3,789 73 28 7,014 3,463 3,399 108 44

Oregon...................................................... 8,066 2,786 3,859 576 845 8,736 2,615 4,141 752 1,228

Pennsylvania............................................. 47,910 16,422 17,664 5,119 8,705 49,089 16,360 18,424 5,520 8,785

Rhode Island ............................................ 639 133 419 29 58 234 31 178 5 20

South Carolina.......................................... 3,401 1,169 1,466 183 583 5,077 1,561 2,374 350 792

South Dakota............................................ 3,128 447 849 707 1,125 3,256 431 780 769 1,276

Tennessee ................................................ 19,689 6,935 10,506 879 1,369 22,072 7,398 11,732 1,133 1,809

Texas ........................................................ 33,429 11,391 16,222 2,666 3,150 36,658 12,226 17,617 3,237 3,578

Utah .......................................................... 8,524 3,576 3,655 440 853 9,001 3,834 4,043 419 705

Vermont .................................................... 637 405 232 0 0 668 408 260 0 0

Virginia...................................................... 30,029 9,139 15,160 2,108 3,622 32,927 10,168 16,414 2,410 3,935

Washington............................................... 8,556 3,633 2,958 972 993 8,892 3,543 3,314 993 1,042

West Virginia............................................. 17,045 1,468 1,969 10,194 3,414 24,515 2,351 2,999 13,863 5,302

Wisconsin ................................................. 7,671 2,460 3,064 685 1,462 8,897 2,507 3,310 997 2,083

Wyoming................................................... 1,541 1,469 72 0 0 1,510 1,343 167 0 0

Other jurisdictions .......................... 21,743 7,942 10,155 1,435 2,211 22,433 7,895 10,516 1,519 2,503

American Samoa......................................000000000 0

Federated States of Micronesia................ 0 00000000 0

Guam........................................................000000000 0

Marshall Islands........................................ 0 00000000 0

Northern Marianas ................................... 0 00000000 0

Palau.........................................................000000000 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 21,743 7,942 10,155 1,435 2,211 22,433 7,895 10,516 1,519 2,503

U.S. Virgin Islands ....................................000000000 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 319

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007

and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2008 and

Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 223. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2007 and 2008

State or jurisdiction

2007 2008

Public

4-year

Public

2-year

Private 4-year Private 2-year

Public

4-year

Public

2-year

Private 4-year Private 2-year

Total

Not-forprofit TotalNot-forprofit TotalNot-forprofit TotalNot-forprofit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ................ 7,166,661 6,324,119 4,463,537 3,537,664 293,811 33,486 7,331,809 6,640,344 4,799,627 3,626,168 331,034 35,351

Alabama ................................ 158,583 79,049 29,553 22,527 998 0 161,531 83,509 64,572 27,357 1,329 0

Alaska.................................... 28,033 1,348 1,235 719 0 0 28,178 989 1,550 803 0 0

Arizona .................................. 134,056 198,098 279,928 7,789 12,065 0 127,641 203,669 360,135 8,046 12,800 0

Arkansas................................ 84,294 51,231 15,944 14,598 699 168 86,148 54,558 17,012 15,181 656 0

California ............................... 647,922 1,488,165 356,528 276,189 36,907 1,365 657,963 1,581,524 360,639 265,826 52,115 2,375

Colorado ................................ 149,381 78,603 73,515 31,762 9,138 186 153,554 81,711 79,615 31,961 10,352 165

Connecticut............................ 65,638 48,434 62,086 59,782 2,847 1,864 67,589 51,105 62,964 60,254 2,520 2,016

Delaware................................ 24,098 14,994 13,040 13,040 211 211 24,034 14,918 13,916 13,916 220 220

District of Columbia ............... 5,608 0 109,545 73,460 0 0 5,584 0 120,526 74,542 0 0

Florida.................................... 437,112 246,216 213,300 150,703 17,165 104 463,684 245,909 242,450 154,156 20,656 152

Georgia.................................. 222,298 137,585 89,159 64,661 4,669 1,059 234,792 141,676 95,128 65,641 4,985 1,057

Hawaii.................................... 27,545 22,909 15,165 13,119 982 0 28,369 25,157 15,508 13,469 1,070 0

Idaho...................................... 47,996 12,530 17,720 16,672 600 0 48,051 13,139 18,433 17,329 833 0

Illinois..................................... 203,663 347,277 277,762 219,258 8,316 1,233 203,254 357,157 289,319 220,310 9,512 1,126

Indiana................................... 209,562 69,389 94,773 82,599 6,753 511 214,536 82,414 97,807 84,329 7,199 495

Iowa ....................................... 67,969 86,675 101,262 56,025 353 145 69,006 88,013 129,485 56,316 387 151

Kansas................................... 96,951 73,103 22,691 22,020 1,357 432 98,470 74,170 23,659 22,865 2,692 1,322

Kentucky ................................ 118,701 92,533 41,702 31,913 5,277 0 119,248 89,722 41,793 33,085 6,820 0

Louisiana ............................... 140,327 52,989 27,102 24,204 4,336 0 142,830 60,268 27,867 24,796 5,410 0

Maine..................................... 34,613 13,744 17,145 17,145 1,671 163 33,451 14,740 17,798 17,798 1,807 150

Maryland................................ 146,924 122,795 55,598 52,673 2,280 0 152,530 128,073 55,443 52,492 2,868 0

Massachusetts....................... 110,199 88,501 261,421 258,584 3,245 1,816 112,774 93,046 267,012 264,076 4,224 1,737

Michigan ................................ 291,782 227,667 121,419 116,000 2,411 0 292,575 235,465 121,718 116,432 3,041 0

Minnesota .............................. 130,828 119,569 139,797 71,752 2,199 99 132,622 124,011 152,083 72,025 2,339 106

Mississippi ............................. 70,307 69,624 13,461 13,461 1,840 0 71,159 73,065 14,092 14,092 2,125 0

Missouri ................................. 133,834 89,321 151,760 141,740 9,451 1,741 136,309 92,428 157,746 144,597 9,926 2,275

Montana................................. 33,575 9,282 4,043 4,043 471 471 34,168 9,397 3,783 3,783 492 492

Nebraska ............................... 55,229 41,451 29,911 28,034 787 143 56,066 43,527 30,367 28,568 498 138

Nevada .................................. 92,631 12,166 7,831 1,504 3,648 0 96,067 12,492 8,653 1,719 3,278 0

New Hampshire ..................... 29,258 12,724 27,637 24,368 1,105 261 29,309 12,883 29,040 25,240 507 283

New Jersey ............................ 159,966 158,330 78,622 73,822 1,218 0 164,602 164,236 80,142 75,057 1,180 0

New Mexico ........................... 56,899 67,874 8,886 2,932 716 0 57,788 75,195 8,649 2,565 781 0

New York................................ 371,373 281,055 490,950 468,242 29,433 6,169 383,248 292,644 533,977 507,654 24,989 6,575

North Carolina ....................... 209,059 201,687 89,523 85,055 2,061 754 215,692 219,284 91,932 86,563 2,069 572

North Dakota ......................... 33,692 9,324 6,325 5,119 604 604 38,031 6,237 6,684 5,225 375 375

Ohio ....................................... 286,470 173,770 144,060 137,156 26,197 1,556 296,166 179,355 145,990 137,898 32,074 1,272

Oklahoma .............................. 117,159 60,484 25,656 21,490 3,083 0 116,697 61,556 25,519 21,490 2,985 0

Oregon................................... 84,584 80,676 34,750 29,602 2,918 0 88,675 92,840 35,449 30,223 3,510 0

Pennsylvania.......................... 266,500 130,274 293,292 273,572 35,331 7,141 271,042 133,934 297,085 278,731 38,227 7,492

Rhode Island ......................... 24,692 16,811 40,758 40,758 639 0 24,989 17,612 41,058 41,058 234 0

South Carolina....................... 97,113 83,366 35,099 32,985 2,177 890 98,750 88,503 41,233 37,491 2,209 874

South Dakota......................... 33,590 5,327 10,428 7,300 402 402 34,496 5,247 10,371 7,115 330 330

Tennessee ............................. 131,890 76,634 77,529 68,845 11,732 727 133,977 80,163 80,583 71,120 12,887 278

Texas ..................................... 555,762 553,904 140,372 125,095 19,060 908 570,025 593,107 142,087 126,491 21,929 867

Utah ....................................... 108,230 39,752 52,814 45,857 2,883 1,316 115,126 42,911 57,025 48,809 2,162 1,377

Vermont ................................. 19,221 5,608 16,881 16,244 481 481 19,820 5,732 16,908 16,240 486 486

Virginia................................... 201,921 168,565 100,884 77,753 6,898 0 206,000 177,121 111,611 84,748 6,064 0

Washington............................ 138,554 163,239 49,419 41,726 863 0 142,684 169,387 48,871 41,572 1,593 0

West Virginia.......................... 67,898 19,940 27,274 11,965 1,736 0 68,456 20,239 34,426 12,123 2,212 0

Wisconsin .............................. 175,011 98,697 67,936 61,802 2,103 566 176,447 103,947 69,756 62,991 2,725 593

Wyoming................................ 12,875 20,830 46 0 1,495 0 12,067 22,359 158 0 1,352 0

U.S. Service Academies........ 15,285 0 † † † † 15,539 0 † † † †

Other jurisdictions ....... 73,423 7,535 132,109 120,571 13,782 3,577 74,763 7,661 137,746 125,704 15,997 5,606

American Samoa................... 1,767 0 0 0 0 0 1,806 0 0 0 0 0

Federated States of 

Micronesia ....................... 0 2,379 0 0 0 0 0 2,457 0 0 0 0

Guam..................................... 3,282 1,795 167 167 0 0 3,387 1,815 149 149 0 0

Marshall Islands..................... 0 557 0 0 0 0 0 689 0 0 0 0

Northern Marianas ................ 901 0 0 0 0 0 791 0 0 0 0 0

Palau...................................... 0 668 0 0 0 0 0 502 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico............................ 65,089 2,136 131,942 120,404 13,782 3,577 66,386 2,198 137,597 125,555 15,997 5,606

U.S. Virgin Islands ................. 2,384 0 0 0 0 0 2,393 0 0 0 0 0
320 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000

through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2000

through Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 224. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 2000 through 2008

State or jurisdiction 

Undergraduate Postbaccalaureate

Fall 2000 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Fall 2000 Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ..................................... 13,155,393 14,780,630 14,963,964 15,184,302 15,603,771 16,365,738 2,156,896 2,491,414 2,523,511 2,574,568 2,644,357 2,737,076

Alabama ..................................................... 201,389 218,372 219,253 220,520 229,431 268,000 32,573 37,454 37,136 37,888 38,752 42,941

Alaska......................................................... 26,222 28,563 27,903 27,463 28,221 28,121 1,731 2,306 2,328 2,390 2,395 2,596

Arizona ....................................................... 299,529 410,416 456,881 476,547 530,074 595,335 42,961 80,509 88,716 90,645 94,073 108,910

Arkansas..................................................... 104,580 125,636 129,484 132,112 136,475 141,881 10,592 12,763 13,788 15,279 15,693 16,493

California .................................................... 2,012,213 2,107,426 2,135,461 2,172,354 2,261,542 2,384,604 244,495 266,619 264,372 262,420 267,980 267,637

Colorado ..................................................... 220,059 248,396 249,616 255,412 262,401 273,967 43,813 52,518 53,056 52,971 48,236 51,265

Connecticut................................................. 127,715 139,071 141,332 142,926 145,031 150,378 33,528 33,704 33,343 33,790 33,974 33,800

Delaware..................................................... 37,930 41,907 43,382 42,488 43,289 43,576 5,967 7,897 8,230 8,750 9,054 9,512

District of Columbia .................................... 40,703 59,930 62,888 65,318 68,124 76,586 31,986 40,058 42,009 44,187 47,029 49,524

Florida......................................................... 623,071 761,390 764,577 775,171 798,952 853,662 84,613 105,275 108,085 110,480 114,841 119,037

Georgia....................................................... 296,980 377,266 372,269 378,947 393,926 413,469 49,224 57,017 54,381 56,456 59,785 63,112

Hawaii......................................................... 51,783 58,025 57,843 57,527 57,309 60,698 8,399 9,200 9,240 9,366 9,292 9,406

Idaho........................................................... 58,644 68,613 70,335 70,754 71,481 72,982 6,950 7,698 7,373 7,118 7,365 7,474

Illinois.......................................................... 623,018 667,249 692,401 688,043 691,093 709,773 120,900 134,152 140,566 142,633 145,925 149,469

Indiana........................................................ 273,198 308,358 312,058 317,963 329,081 349,102 41,136 48,443 49,195 50,050 51,396 52,854

Iowa ............................................................ 165,360 193,908 203,453 212,715 228,498 254,914 23,614 23,738 24,269 25,919 27,761 31,977

Kansas........................................................ 156,385 168,160 168,065 168,244 167,868 172,391 23,583 23,430 23,687 24,902 26,234 26,600

Kentucky ..................................................... 164,183 210,589 215,536 219,194 228,014 226,816 24,158 29,508 29,433 29,720 30,199 30,767

Louisiana .................................................... 191,517 211,901 172,908 194,567 195,118 205,841 32,283 34,400 24,805 29,580 29,636 30,534

Maine.......................................................... 50,728 57,394 57,622 58,512 59,249 60,009 7,745 8,021 7,929 7,637 7,924 7,787

Maryland..................................................... 221,952 252,340 252,964 255,933 262,451 271,725 51,793 60,153 61,187 63,527 65,146 67,189

Massachusetts............................................ 320,012 328,335 331,242 335,511 343,049 354,207 101,130 110,910 112,074 116,015 120,317 122,849

Michigan ..................................................... 480,618 529,083 536,745 545,001 552,162 561,891 87,013 91,897 90,006 89,488 91,117 90,908

Minnesota ................................................... 254,632 280,739 283,616 289,018 298,514 309,679 38,813 68,282 78,085 86,881 93,879 101,376

Mississippi .................................................. 123,299 135,449 133,642 134,699 138,097 142,317 14,090 16,666 16,815 16,438 17,135 18,124

Missouri ...................................................... 266,802 296,969 304,992 306,201 311,271 321,054 54,546 68,235 69,453 70,897 73,095 75,355

Montana...................................................... 38,481 42,743 43,403 42,990 42,828 43,280 3,759 4,430 4,447 4,511 4,543 4,560

Nebraska .................................................... 96,759 103,765 103,581 105,611 107,480 109,718 15,358 17,288 17,655 18,889 19,898 20,740

Nevada ....................................................... 79,053 95,563 99,548 100,760 104,488 108,077 8,840 10,398 11,157 11,510 11,788 12,413

New Hampshire .......................................... 51,990 59,199 59,081 59,405 58,470 59,221 9,728 10,964 10,812 11,264 12,254 12,518

New Jersey ................................................. 284,785 321,494 321,118 326,358 337,874 348,528 51,160 58,880 58,640 59,298 60,262 61,632

New Mexico ................................................ 96,377 114,794 115,048 115,875 120,320 128,635 14,362 16,783 16,289 15,953 14,055 13,778

New York..................................................... 839,423 914,620 921,458 928,563 940,550 996,226 203,972 226,905 230,623 231,801 232,261 238,632

North Carolina ............................................ 358,912 417,786 426,106 436,662 440,903 464,984 45,740 54,923 58,286 58,971 61,427 63,993

North Dakota .............................................. 36,899 44,774 44,153 44,042 44,257 45,390 3,349 4,759 5,236 5,477 5,688 5,937

Ohio ............................................................ 469,999 526,569 529,891 533,652 543,634 564,461 79,554 87,665 86,459 86,290 86,863 89,124

Oklahoma ................................................... 157,021 182,767 183,568 182,340 181,973 182,340 20,995 24,858 24,485 23,896 24,409 24,417

Oregon........................................................ 160,805 174,619 174,100 170,742 176,334 192,991 22,260 25,366 25,933 26,852 26,594 27,483

Pennsylvania............................................... 506,948 571,322 574,319 585,006 599,228 610,279 102,573 117,458 118,021 122,126 126,169 130,009

Rhode Island .............................................. 65,067 69,674 70,518 71,175 72,215 73,158 10,383 10,703 10,864 10,559 10,685 10,735

South Carolina............................................ 161,699 184,413 185,252 187,254 193,336 205,417 24,232 24,497 25,192 25,168 24,419 25,278

South Dakota.............................................. 37,497 43,202 43,206 42,985 43,393 43,997 5,724 5,506 5,562 5,946 6,354 6,447

Tennessee .................................................. 230,376 239,918 243,912 250,974 256,297 264,236 33,534 38,137 39,158 39,556 41,488 43,374

Texas .......................................................... 905,649 1,082,667 1,093,491 1,104,529 1,117,311 1,169,269 128,324 146,530 147,216 148,180 151,787 157,879

Utah ............................................................ 149,954 176,909 182,892 183,518 184,141 196,389 13,822 17,415 17,799 18,633 19,538 20,835

Vermont ...................................................... 30,809 33,313 34,161 34,923 35,844 36,611 4,680 5,326 5,754 6,172 6,347 6,335

Virginia........................................................ 325,395 360,484 373,041 387,593 404,274 422,398 56,498 64,697 66,125 68,579 73,994 78,398

Washington................................................. 290,292 310,944 315,154 314,862 318,852 330,387 30,548 32,580 33,328 33,292 33,223 32,148

West Virginia............................................... 76,556 85,388 86,803 87,292 98,942 105,939 11,332 12,496 12,744 13,227 17,906 19,394

Wisconsin ................................................... 271,839 293,127 296,743 300,932 302,979 311,898 35,340 38,379 38,515 39,226 40,768 40,977

Wyoming..................................................... 26,811 30,337 31,684 30,928 31,853 33,410 3,193 3,618 3,650 3,765 3,393 2,526

U.S. Service Academies............................. 13,475 14,754 15,265 12,191 15,274 15,521 0 0 0 0 11 18

Other jurisdictions ............................ 174,410 193,506 193,766 195,038 196,140 205,119 20,223 27,414 29,399 31,137 30,709 31,048

American Samoa........................................ 297 1,550 1,579 1,607 1,767 1,806 0 0 0 0 0 0

Federated States of Micronesia.................. 1,576 2,608 2,283 2,539 2,379 2,457 00000 0

Guam.......................................................... 4,746 4,417 5,850 5,536 4,982 5,058 469 225 214 253 262 293

Marshall Islands.......................................... 328 623 604 647 557 689 00000 0

Northern Marianas ..................................... 1,078 1,101 967 968 901 791 00000 0

Palau........................................................... 581 651 651 679 668 502 0 0 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico................................................. 163,690 180,204 179,647 180,790 182,710 191,604 19,600 26,976 28,978 30,668 30,239 30,574

U.S. Virgin Islands ...................................... 2,114 2,352 2,185 2,272 2,176 2,212 154 213 207 216 208 181
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 321

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009. (This table was

prepared May 2010.)

Table 225. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control, level of enrollment, type of institution, and state or jurisdiction: 2008 

State or jurisdiction

Public Private

Undergraduate

Postbaccalaureate

Undergraduate Postbaccalaureate

Total 4-year 2-year Total

4-year 2-year

Total

Not-forprofit For-profitNot-forprofit For-profitNot-forprofit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ................................... 12,591,217 5,951,146 6,640,071 1,380,936 3,774,521 2,501,181 942,306 35,351 295,683 1,356,140 1,124,987 231,153

Alabama ................................................... 209,442 125,933 83,509 35,598 58,558 23,229 34,000 0 1,329 7,343 4,128 3,215

Alaska....................................................... 26,809 25,820 989 2,358 1,312 565 747 0 0 238 238 0

Arizona ..................................................... 303,466 99,797 203,669 27,844 291,869 3,539 275,530 0 12,800 81,066 4,507 76,559

Arkansas................................................... 127,004 72,446 54,558 13,702 14,877 12,586 1,635 0 656 2,791 2,595 196

California .................................................. 2,119,829 538,305 1,581,524 119,658 264,775 136,304 76,356 2,375 49,740 147,979 129,522 18,457

Colorado ................................................... 204,507 122,796 81,711 30,758 69,460 18,375 40,733 165 10,187 20,507 13,586 6,921

Connecticut............................................... 103,728 52,623 51,105 14,966 46,650 41,619 2,511 2,016 504 18,834 18,635 199

Delaware................................................... 35,129 20,211 14,918 3,823 8,447 8,227 0 220 0 5,689 5,689 0

District of Columbia .................................. 5,121 5,121 0 463 71,465 37,967 33,498 0 0 49,061 36,575 12,486

Florida....................................................... 647,185 401,276 245,909 62,408 206,477 106,089 79,732 152 20,504 56,629 48,067 8,562

Georgia..................................................... 337,113 195,437 141,676 39,355 76,356 47,701 23,670 1,057 3,928 23,757 17,940 5,817

Hawaii....................................................... 46,748 21,591 25,157 6,778 13,950 11,507 1,373 0 1,070 2,628 1,962 666

Idaho......................................................... 54,441 41,302 13,139 6,749 18,541 16,698 1,010 0 833 725 631 94

Illinois........................................................ 509,510 152,353 357,157 50,901 200,263 134,075 56,676 1,126 8,386 98,568 86,235 12,333

Indiana...................................................... 260,206 177,792 82,414 36,744 88,896 68,677 13,020 495 6,704 16,110 15,652 458

Iowa .......................................................... 141,529 53,516 88,013 15,490 113,385 45,397 67,601 151 236 16,487 10,919 5,568

Kansas...................................................... 150,933 76,763 74,170 21,707 21,458 17,987 779 1,322 1,370 4,893 4,878 15

Kentucky ................................................... 185,812 96,090 89,722 23,158 41,004 25,922 8,262 0 6,820 7,609 7,163 446

Louisiana .................................................. 180,343 120,075 60,268 22,755 25,498 17,437 2,651 0 5,410 7,779 7,359 420

Maine........................................................ 43,844 29,104 14,740 4,347 16,165 14,358 0 150 1,657 3,440 3,440 0

Maryland................................................... 238,735 110,662 128,073 41,868 32,990 27,383 2,739 0 2,868 25,321 25,109 212

Massachusetts.......................................... 180,310 87,264 93,046 25,510 173,897 166,873 2,800 1,737 2,487 97,339 97,203 136

Michigan ................................................... 460,639 225,174 235,465 67,401 101,252 93,562 4,649 0 3,041 23,507 22,870 637

Minnesota ................................................. 230,824 106,813 124,011 25,809 78,855 50,793 25,723 106 2,233 75,567 21,232 54,335

Mississippi ................................................ 129,633 56,568 73,065 14,591 12,684 10,559 0 0 2,125 3,533 3,533 0

Missouri .................................................... 203,319 110,891 92,428 25,418 117,735 95,299 12,510 2,275 7,651 49,937 49,298 639

Montana.................................................... 39,078 29,681 9,397 4,487 4,202 3,710 0 492 0 73 73 0

Nebraska .................................................. 86,400 42,873 43,527 13,193 23,318 21,027 1,793 138 360 7,547 7,541 6

Nevada ..................................................... 98,622 86,130 12,492 9,937 9,455 484 5,693 0 3,278 2,476 1,235 1,241

New Hampshire ........................................ 36,840 23,957 12,883 5,352 22,381 18,074 3,800 283 224 7,166 7,166 0

New Jersey ............................................... 293,634 129,398 164,236 35,204 54,894 48,629 5,085 0 1,180 26,428 26,428 0

New Mexico .............................................. 120,721 45,526 75,195 12,262 7,914 1,970 5,163 0 781 1,516 595 921

New York................................................... 605,791 313,147 292,644 70,101 390,435 341,205 24,241 6,575 18,414 168,531 166,449 2,082

North Carolina .......................................... 389,756 170,472 219,284 45,220 75,228 68,524 4,635 572 1,497 18,773 18,039 734

North Dakota ............................................ 39,102 32,865 6,237 5,166 6,288 4,454 1,459 375 0 771 771 0

Ohio .......................................................... 418,066 238,963 179,103 57,455 146,395 107,277 7,044 1,272 30,802 31,669 30,621 1,048

Oklahoma ................................................. 158,406 96,850 61,556 19,847 23,934 17,119 3,830 0 2,985 4,570 4,371 199

Oregon...................................................... 164,256 71,416 92,840 17,259 28,735 20,290 4,935 0 3,510 10,224 9,933 291

Pennsylvania............................................. 358,910 224,976 133,934 46,066 251,369 195,359 17,783 7,492 30,735 83,943 83,372 571

Rhode Island ............................................ 38,006 20,394 17,612 4,595 35,152 34,918 0 0 234 6,140 6,140 0

South Carolina.......................................... 167,766 79,263 88,503 19,487 37,651 32,666 2,776 874 1,335 5,791 4,825 966

South Dakota............................................ 34,427 29,180 5,247 5,316 9,570 6,304 2,936 330 0 1,131 811 320

Tennessee ................................................ 188,953 108,790 80,163 25,187 75,283 54,023 8,373 278 12,609 18,187 17,097 1,090

Texas ........................................................ 1,041,910 448,803 593,107 121,222 127,359 92,495 12,935 867 21,062 36,657 33,996 2,661

Utah .......................................................... 146,272 103,361 42,911 11,765 50,117 41,387 6,568 1,377 785 9,070 7,422 1,648

Vermont .................................................... 23,234 17,502 5,732 2,318 13,377 12,223 668 486 0 4,017 4,017 0

Virginia...................................................... 331,959 154,838 177,121 51,162 90,439 59,959 24,416 0 6,064 27,236 24,789 2,447

Washington............................................... 293,378 123,991 169,387 18,693 37,009 28,983 6,433 0 1,593 13,455 12,589 866

West Virginia............................................. 76,080 55,862 20,218 12,615 29,859 10,658 16,989 0 2,212 6,779 1,465 5,314

Wisconsin ................................................. 256,067 152,120 103,947 24,327 55,831 46,715 6,391 593 2,132 16,650 16,276 374

Wyoming................................................... 31,903 9,544 22,359 2,523 1,507 0 155 0 1,352 3 0 3

U.S. Service Academies........................... 15,521 15,521 0 18 † † † † † † † †

Other jurisdictions .......................... 75,501 67,840 7,661 6,923 129,618 103,515 10,106 5,606 10,391 24,125 22,189 1,936

American Samoa...................................... 1,806 1,806 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Federated States of Micronesia................ 2,457 0 2,457 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Guam........................................................ 4,909 3,094 1,815 293 149 149 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marshall Islands........................................ 689 0 689 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Northern Marianas ................................... 791 791 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Palau......................................................... 502 0 502 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 62,135 59,937 2,198 6,449 129,469 103,366 10,106 5,606 10,391 24,125 22,189 1,936

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 2,212 2,212 0 181 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
322 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 

2Because of imputation techniques, data are not consistent with figures for other years. 

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent enrollment is the full-time enrollment, plus the full-time equivalent

of the part-time students. Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while

later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s

or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes

more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant

degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1969 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through

Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 226. Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: 1967 through 2009

Year

All institutions Public institutions

Private institutions

Total

4-year 2-year

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total

Not-forprofit For-profit TotalNot-forprofit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1967............................... 5,499,360 4,448,302 1,051,058 3,777,701 2,850,432 927,269 1,721,659 1,597,870 — — 123,789 — —

1968............................... 5,977,768 4,729,522 1,248,246 4,248,639 3,128,057 1,120,582 1,729,129 1,601,465 — — 127,664 — —

1969............................... 6,333,357 4,899,034 1,434,323 4,577,353 3,259,323 1,318,030 1,756,004 1,639,711 — — 116,293 — —

1970............................... 6,737,819 5,145,422 1,592,397 4,953,144 3,468,569 1,484,575 1,784,675 1,676,853 — — 107,822 — —

1971............................... 7,148,558 5,357,647 1,790,911 5,344,402 3,660,626 1,683,776 1,804,156 1,697,021 — — 107,135 — —

1972............................... 7,253,757 5,406,833 1,846,924 5,452,854 3,706,238 1,746,616 1,800,903 1,700,595 — — 100,308 — —

1973............................... 7,453,463 5,439,230 2,014,233 5,629,563 3,721,037 1,908,526 1,823,900 1,718,193 — — 105,707 — —

1974............................... 7,805,452 5,606,247 2,199,205 5,944,799 3,847,543 2,097,256 1,860,653 1,758,704 — — 101,949 — —

1975............................... 8,479,698 5,900,408 2,579,290 6,522,319 4,056,502 2,465,817 1,957,379 1,843,906 — — 113,473 — —

1976............................... 8,312,502 5,848,001 2,464,501 6,349,903 3,998,450 2,351,453 1,962,599 1,849,551 — — 113,048 — —

1977............................... 8,415,339 5,935,076 2,480,263 6,396,476 4,039,071 2,357,405 2,018,863 1,896,005 — — 122,858 — —

1978............................... 8,348,482 5,932,357 2,416,125 6,279,199 3,996,126 2,283,073 2,069,283 1,936,231 — — 133,052 — —

1979............................... 8,487,317 6,016,072 2,471,245 6,392,617 4,059,304 2,333,313 2,094,700 1,956,768 — — 137,932 — —

1980............................... 8,819,013 6,161,372 2,657,641 6,642,294 4,158,267 2,484,027 2,176,719 2,003,105 — — 173,614 1 — —

1981............................... 9,014,521 6,249,847 2,764,674 6,781,300 4,208,506 2,572,794 2,233,221 2,041,341 — — 191,880 1 — —

1982............................... 9,091,648 6,248,923 2,842,725 6,850,589 4,220,648 2,629,941 2,241,059 2,028,275 — — 212,784 1 — —

1983............................... 9,166,398 6,325,222 2,841,176 6,881,479 4,265,807 2,615,672 2,284,919 2,059,415 — — 225,504 — —

1984............................... 8,951,695 6,292,711 2,658,984 6,684,664 4,237,895 2,446,769 2,267,031 2,054,816 — — 212,215 — —

1985............................... 8,943,433 6,294,339 2,649,094 6,667,781 4,239,622 2,428,159 2,275,652 2,054,717 — — 220,935 — —

1986............................... 9,064,165 6,360,325 2,703,842 6,778,045 4,295,494 2,482,551 2,286,122 2,064,831 — — 221,291 2 — —

1987............................... 9,229,736 6,486,504 2,743,230 6,937,690 4,395,728 2,541,961 2,292,045 2,090,776 — — 201,269 2 — —

1988............................... 9,464,271 6,664,146 2,800,125 7,096,905 4,505,774 2,591,131 2,367,366 2,158,372 — — 208,994 — —

1989............................... 9,780,881 6,813,602 2,967,279 7,371,590 4,619,828 2,751,762 2,409,291 2,193,774 — — 215,517 — —

1990............................... 9,983,436 6,968,008 3,015,428 7,557,982 4,740,049 2,817,933 2,425,454 2,227,959 2,177,668 50,291 197,495 72,785 124,710

1991............................... 10,360,606 7,081,454 3,279,152 7,862,845 4,795,704 3,067,141 2,497,761 2,285,750 2,223,463 62,287 212,011 72,545 139,466

1992............................... 10,436,776 7,129,379 3,307,397 7,911,701 4,797,884 3,113,817 2,525,075 2,331,495 2,267,373 64,122 193,580 66,647 126,933

1993............................... 10,351,415 7,120,921 3,230,494 7,812,394 4,765,983 3,046,411 2,539,021 2,354,938 2,282,643 72,295 184,083 70,469 113,614

1994............................... 10,348,072 7,137,341 3,210,731 7,784,396 4,749,524 3,034,872 2,563,676 2,387,817 2,301,063 86,754 175,859 69,578 106,281

1995............................... 10,334,956 7,172,844 3,162,112 7,751,815 4,757,223 2,994,592 2,583,141 2,415,621 2,328,730 86,891 167,520 62,416 105,104

1996............................... 10,481,886 7,234,541 3,247,345 7,794,895 4,767,117 3,027,778 2,686,991 2,467,424 2,353,561 113,863 219,567 63,954 155,613

1997............................... 10,615,028 7,338,794 3,276,234 7,869,764 4,813,849 3,055,915 2,745,264 2,524,945 2,389,627 135,318 220,319 61,761 158,558

1998............................... 10,698,775 7,467,828 3,230,947 7,880,135 4,868,857 3,011,278 2,818,640 2,598,971 2,436,188 162,783 219,669 56,834 162,835

1999............................... 10,943,609 7,638,976 3,304,633 8,020,074 4,944,554 3,075,520 2,923,535 2,694,422 2,485,655 208,767 229,113 53,263 175,850

2000............................... 11,267,025 7,795,139 3,471,886 8,266,932 5,025,588 3,241,344 3,000,093 2,769,551 2,549,676 219,875 230,542 51,503 179,039

2001............................... 11,765,945 8,087,980 3,677,965 8,639,154 5,194,035 3,445,119 3,126,791 2,893,945 2,612,833 281,112 232,846 41,037 191,809

2002............................... 12,331,319 8,439,064 3,892,255 9,061,411 5,406,283 3,655,128 3,269,908 3,032,781 2,699,702 333,079 237,127 40,110 197,017

2003............................... 12,687,597 8,744,188 3,943,409 9,240,724 5,557,680 3,683,044 3,446,873 3,186,508 2,776,850 409,658 260,365 36,815 223,550

2004............................... 13,000,994 9,018,024 3,982,970 9,348,081 5,640,650 3,707,431 3,652,913 3,377,374 2,837,251 540,123 275,539 34,202 241,337

2005............................... 13,200,790 9,261,634 3,939,156 9,390,216 5,728,327 3,661,889 3,810,574 3,533,307 2,878,354 654,953 277,267 34,729 242,538

2006............................... 13,403,097 9,456,166 3,946,931 9,503,558 5,824,768 3,678,790 3,899,539 3,631,398 2,936,172 695,226 268,141 31,203 236,938

2007............................... 13,782,702 9,769,560 4,013,142 9,739,709 5,994,230 3,745,479 4,042,993 3,775,330 2,993,729 781,601 267,663 26,134 241,529

2008............................... 14,394,238 10,169,454 4,224,784 10,061,812 6,139,525 3,922,287 4,332,426 4,029,929 3,060,308 969,621 302,497 28,065 274,432

2009............................... 15,495,892 10,809,494 4,686,398 10,750,132 6,452,407 4,297,725 4,745,760 4,357,087 3,149,743 1,207,344 388,673 27,959 360,714
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 323

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent enrollment is the full-time enrollment, plus the full-time equivalent of the part-time students. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000

through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2001

through Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 227. Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2000, 

2007, and 2008 

State or jurisdiction

Public Private

4-year 2-year 4-year 2-year

2000 2007 2008 2000 2007 2008 2000 2007 2008 2000 2007 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ........................... 5,025,588 5,994,230 6,139,525 3,241,344 3,745,479 3,922,287 2,769,551 3,775,330 4,029,929 230,542 267,663 302,497

Alabama ........................................... 111,322 129,661 132,900 48,545 54,185 57,317 23,518 25,855 52,747 646 976 1,194

Alaska............................................... 16,335 18,475 18,567 473 539 398 672 821 1,018 307 0 0

Arizona ............................................. 87,301 108,435 110,237 85,778 100,957 103,218 43,188 270,845 345,842 9,129 11,498 12,279

Arkansas........................................... 57,897 69,763 71,482 21,519 32,447 34,609 10,995 14,129 15,031 1,475 666 656

California .......................................... 476,027 575,491 587,819 707,558 798,907 834,493 250,026 300,116 307,357 34,875 35,279 50,088

Colorado ........................................... 109,844 121,943 125,151 41,322 43,434 45,166 30,615 62,691 68,112 6,336 8,813 9,863

Connecticut....................................... 46,826 55,021 56,718 20,934 28,335 30,240 48,714 54,306 54,771 1,480 1,640 1,441

Delaware........................................... 20,427 22,039 22,127 6,939 9,249 9,184 6,549 9,201 10,013 142 200 210

District of Columbia .......................... 3,364 3,926 4,031 0 0 0 56,196 80,444 85,428 0 0 0

Florida............................................... 190,472 332,190 347,571 173,433 146,330 148,053 107,473 174,340 191,891 15,440 16,535 20,187

Georgia............................................. 136,069 187,994 199,404 66,571 88,333 91,262 62,132 77,123 82,012 3,935 4,506 4,816

Hawaii............................................... 17,015 22,085 22,660 14,996 13,749 14,956 11,649 12,389 12,259 1,669 819 914

Idaho................................................. 34,125 37,899 38,313 6,807 7,882 8,286 2,500 16,228 16,737 8,921 600 833

Illinois................................................ 164,592 176,211 176,075 186,533 202,445 209,125 164,273 232,349 239,250 4,689 7,046 8,253

Indiana.............................................. 155,982 175,800 180,316 28,131 41,383 50,234 61,851 84,578 86,861 5,034 6,078 6,513

Iowa .................................................. 61,763 61,068 62,017 44,717 56,603 57,961 43,869 77,315 97,061 2,156 314 359

Kansas.............................................. 74,307 80,154 82,317 39,457 44,132 44,784 15,014 17,370 17,807 1,061 1,327 2,662

Kentucky ........................................... 86,080 100,588 101,200 32,239 53,243 53,300 25,793 34,573 34,956 5,283 4,612 5,981

Louisiana .......................................... 126,372 121,556 122,824 27,130 34,723 38,437 27,203 23,670 24,058 2,956 4,065 5,143

Maine................................................ 24,678 26,849 26,258 4,797 8,750 9,448 12,954 14,935 15,592 955 1,223 1,299

Maryland........................................... 94,929 114,629 118,836 57,367 71,508 74,644 35,969 43,098 42,964 622 2,027 2,430

Massachusetts.................................. 78,452 88,706 91,098 47,972 54,239 57,355 198,476 227,304 231,916 3,084 2,142 3,023

Michigan ........................................... 223,981 246,926 249,158 101,794 132,584 138,352 75,020 91,314 91,648 1,224 2,045 2,619

Minnesota ......................................... 95,345 108,664 109,769 65,167 78,670 80,340 54,476 105,335 116,114 8,244 2,124 2,246

Mississippi ........................................ 56,107 61,805 62,516 47,245 56,805 59,537 9,677 11,863 12,435 775 1,721 1,985

Missouri ............................................ 99,187 110,057 112,568 46,793 57,971 59,908 84,889 113,079 117,039 6,292 8,832 9,321

Montana............................................ 28,278 29,441 29,718 3,900 6,245 6,380 3,336 3,515 3,273 491 430 439

Nebraska .......................................... 44,374 47,128 47,845 20,812 24,708 26,124 18,750 25,961 25,836 2,057 754 472

Nevada ............................................. 27,631 61,651 63,967 20,468 6,087 6,383 2,519 7,358 7,995 1,959 3,487 3,083

New Hampshire ................................ 21,064 25,171 25,811 5,442 7,402 7,605 20,646 23,801 24,473 1,078 887 346

New Jersey ....................................... 111,449 127,330 131,914 79,367 106,933 112,391 51,557 63,943 65,699 3,074 1,169 953

New Mexico ...................................... 39,779 46,133 47,082 29,541 37,402 40,859 6,799 7,978 7,856 1,296 716 781

New York........................................... 269,664 307,247 316,490 168,911 201,561 210,837 366,833 426,116 448,631 20,670 25,377 21,539

North Carolina .................................. 140,203 181,004 186,331 96,999 117,849 128,190 67,622 81,600 83,805 981 1,902 1,921

North Dakota .................................... 24,728 28,979 32,711 6,515 6,776 4,144 3,697 5,300 5,461 290 573 351

Ohio .................................................. 215,993 250,033 256,773 92,749 108,163 111,831 107,773 122,673 124,323 9,565 23,380 27,955

Oklahoma ......................................... 79,786 96,056 95,205 34,997 37,359 37,796 21,723 23,368 23,085 327 3,083 2,985

Oregon.............................................. 59,588 70,187 73,584 46,099 48,070 56,723 23,928 30,247 30,217 1,090 2,609 3,219

Pennsylvania..................................... 211,132 240,251 245,418 58,759 79,891 82,744 202,341 245,694 249,545 27,497 31,926 34,145

Rhode Island .................................... 17,967 20,666 21,046 8,650 9,836 10,243 33,022 37,864 38,222 0 587 219

South Carolina.................................. 74,309 86,139 88,355 41,804 53,292 56,516 25,929 31,469 37,037 1,301 1,922 2,028

South Dakota.................................... 23,881 26,350 26,976 4,193 4,668 4,598 6,688 7,927 7,856 114 209 161

Tennessee ........................................ 99,636 114,029 115,877 53,146 50,673 52,712 52,015 69,729 72,408 4,303 10,883 11,893

Texas ................................................ 358,523 452,633 462,079 268,057 317,188 335,879 101,852 119,376 120,262 12,580 17,514 20,278

Utah .................................................. 71,982 81,549 85,574 16,454 21,978 23,587 35,110 49,362 53,445 2,076 2,330 1,872

Vermont ............................................ 13,581 16,899 17,563 1,845 2,557 2,651 13,313 15,546 15,526 360 375 486

Virginia.............................................. 147,370 172,802 177,258 72,913 92,642 97,404 51,517 84,742 93,089 5,470 6,683 5,683

Washington....................................... 83,899 117,550 120,698 114,754 103,522 109,234 34,489 42,583 41,947 3,467 735 1,463

West Virginia..................................... 58,171 59,060 59,819 3,969 13,570 13,800 8,891 17,911 21,629 1,931 1,643 2,141

Wisconsin ......................................... 130,661 152,180 153,634 56,195 57,218 59,883 45,510 55,950 57,232 546 1,906 2,417

Wyoming........................................... 9,665 10,549 10,337 10,588 12,486 13,166 0 46 158 1,289 1,495 1,352

U.S. Service Academies................... 13,475 15,278 15,528 0 0 0 † † † † † †

Other jurisdictions .................. 66,376 65,446 67,373 7,200 5,883 5,909 83,619 110,078 116,472 8,844 12,764 14,895

American Samoa.............................. 0 1,212 1,158 214 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Federated States of Micronesia........ 0 0 0 1,308 1,968 2,06500000 0

Guam................................................ 2,802 2,676 2,755 777 1,060 1,066 0 151 125 0 0 0

Marshall Islands................................ 0 0 0 166 404 48800000 0

Northern Marianas ........................... 0 757 658 707 0000000 0

Palau................................................. 0 0 0 450 540 364 0 0 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico....................................... 61,987 59,073 60,989 3,578 1,911 1,926 83,619 109,927 116,347 8,844 12,764 14,895

U.S. Virgin Islands ............................ 1,587 1,728 1,813 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
324 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent enrollment is the full-time enrollment, plus the full-time equivalent of the part-time students. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000

through 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Spring 2001 through

Spring 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.) 

Table 228. Full-time-equivalent fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and state or jurisdiction: 2000, 2007, and 2008

State or jurisdiction

Total Public

Private

Not-for-profit For-profit

2000 2007 2008 2000 2007 2008 2000 2007 2008 2000 2007 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States .................................. 11,267,025 13,782,702 14,394,238 8,266,932 9,739,709 10,061,812 2,601,179 3,019,863 3,088,373 398,914 1,023,130 1,244,053

Alabama ................................................... 184,031 210,677 244,158 159,867 183,846 190,217 20,605 20,395 24,843 3,559 6,436 29,098

Alaska....................................................... 17,787 19,835 19,983 16,808 19,014 18,965 672 521 597 307 300 421

Arizona ..................................................... 225,396 491,735 571,576 173,079 209,392 213,455 8,079 6,371 6,807 44,238 275,972 351,314

Arkansas................................................... 91,886 117,005 121,778 79,416 102,210 106,091 11,713 12,976 13,252 757 1,819 2,435

California .................................................. 1,468,486 1,709,793 1,779,757 1,183,585 1,374,398 1,422,312 214,444 230,167 228,792 70,457 105,228 128,653

Colorado ................................................... 188,117 236,881 248,292 151,166 165,377 170,317 20,991 24,925 24,965 15,960 46,579 53,010

Connecticut............................................... 117,954 139,302 143,170 67,760 83,356 86,958 48,648 53,425 53,634 1,546 2,521 2,578

Delaware................................................... 34,057 40,689 41,534 27,366 31,288 31,311 6,691 9,401 10,223 0 0 0

District of Columbia .................................. 59,560 84,370 89,459 3,364 3,926 4,031 54,177 61,583 62,362 2,019 18,861 23,066

Florida....................................................... 486,818 669,395 707,702 363,905 478,520 495,624 90,530 120,524 123,075 32,383 70,351 89,003

Georgia..................................................... 268,707 357,956 377,494 202,640 276,327 290,666 57,444 59,220 60,621 8,623 22,409 26,207

Hawaii....................................................... 45,329 49,042 50,789 32,011 35,834 37,616 11,521 10,422 10,307 1,797 2,786 2,866

Idaho......................................................... 52,353 62,609 64,169 40,932 45,781 46,599 10,751 15,241 15,691 670 1,587 1,879

Illinois........................................................ 520,087 618,051 632,703 351,125 378,656 385,200 150,578 185,142 185,127 18,384 54,253 62,376

Indiana...................................................... 250,998 307,839 323,924 184,113 217,183 230,550 60,387 74,935 76,326 6,498 15,721 17,048

Iowa .......................................................... 152,505 195,300 217,398 106,480 117,671 119,978 43,735 49,214 49,266 2,290 28,415 48,154

Kansas...................................................... 129,839 142,983 147,570 113,764 124,286 127,101 15,605 17,284 18,563 470 1,413 1,906

Kentucky ................................................... 149,395 193,016 195,437 118,319 153,831 154,500 23,859 27,407 28,319 7,217 11,778 12,618

Louisiana .................................................. 183,661 184,014 190,462 153,502 156,279 161,261 25,646 20,871 21,124 4,513 6,864 8,077

Maine........................................................ 43,384 51,757 52,597 29,475 35,599 35,706 13,020 15,012 15,668 889 1,146 1,223

Maryland................................................... 188,887 231,262 238,874 152,296 186,137 193,480 34,445 40,358 40,372 2,146 4,767 5,022

Massachusetts.......................................... 327,984 372,391 383,392 126,424 142,945 148,453 199,745 225,710 230,275 1,815 3,736 4,664

Michigan ................................................... 402,019 472,869 481,777 325,775 379,510 387,510 73,144 86,052 86,690 3,100 7,307 7,577

Minnesota ................................................. 223,232 294,793 308,469 160,512 187,334 190,109 52,974 60,451 61,272 9,746 47,008 57,088

Mississippi ................................................ 113,804 132,194 136,473 103,352 118,610 122,053 10,073 11,863 12,435 379 1,721 1,985

Missouri .................................................... 237,161 289,939 298,836 145,980 168,028 172,476 82,425 106,005 108,461 8,756 15,906 17,899

Montana.................................................... 36,005 39,631 39,810 32,178 35,686 36,098 3,827 3,945 3,712 0 0 0

Nebraska .................................................. 85,993 98,551 100,277 65,186 71,836 73,969 18,956 24,383 24,388 1,851 2,332 1,920

Nevada ..................................................... 52,577 78,583 81,428 48,099 67,738 70,350 455 1,409 1,546 4,023 9,436 9,532

New Hampshire ........................................ 48,230 57,261 58,235 26,506 32,573 33,416 18,732 21,411 21,993 2,992 3,277 2,826

New Jersey ............................................... 245,447 299,375 310,957 190,816 234,263 244,305 48,751 59,705 61,198 5,880 5,407 5,454

New Mexico .............................................. 77,415 92,229 96,578 69,320 83,535 87,941 3,274 2,357 2,167 4,821 6,337 6,470

New York................................................... 826,078 960,301 997,497 438,575 508,808 527,327 355,832 410,110 429,911 31,671 41,383 40,259

North Carolina .......................................... 305,805 382,355 400,247 237,202 298,853 314,521 68,127 78,444 79,727 476 5,058 5,999

North Dakota ............................................ 35,230 41,628 42,667 31,243 35,755 36,855 3,876 5,046 4,866 111 827 946

Ohio .......................................................... 426,080 504,249 520,882 308,742 358,196 368,604 105,004 118,482 119,180 12,334 27,571 33,098

Oklahoma ................................................. 136,833 159,866 159,071 114,783 133,415 133,001 18,827 19,264 19,149 3,223 7,187 6,921

Oregon...................................................... 130,705 151,113 163,743 105,687 118,257 130,307 22,079 25,651 25,901 2,939 7,205 7,535

Pennsylvania............................................. 499,729 597,762 611,852 269,891 320,142 328,162 201,136 238,092 243,270 28,702 39,528 40,420

Rhode Island ............................................ 59,639 68,953 69,730 26,617 30,502 31,289 32,813 37,864 38,222 209 587 219

South Carolina.......................................... 143,343 172,822 183,936 116,113 139,431 144,871 26,504 30,454 34,683 726 2,937 4,382

South Dakota............................................ 34,876 39,154 39,591 28,074 31,018 31,574 4,751 6,122 6,005 2,051 2,014 2,012

Tennessee ................................................ 209,100 245,314 252,890 152,782 164,702 168,589 50,967 62,285 64,010 5,351 18,327 20,291

Texas ........................................................ 741,012 906,711 938,498 626,580 769,821 797,958 98,445 106,992 108,016 15,987 29,898 32,524

Utah .......................................................... 125,622 155,219 164,478 88,436 103,527 109,161 32,727 43,952 46,999 4,459 7,740 8,318

Vermont .................................................... 29,099 35,377 36,226 15,426 19,456 20,214 13,336 15,284 15,344 337 637 668

Virginia...................................................... 277,270 356,869 373,434 220,283 265,444 274,662 44,825 64,878 69,704 12,162 26,547 29,068

Washington............................................... 236,609 264,390 273,342 198,653 221,072 229,932 32,726 35,959 35,757 5,230 7,359 7,653

West Virginia............................................. 72,962 92,184 97,389 62,140 72,630 73,619 8,891 10,808 10,937 1,931 8,746 12,833

Wisconsin ................................................. 232,912 267,254 273,166 186,856 209,398 213,517 44,416 51,491 52,621 1,640 6,365 7,028

Wyoming................................................... 21,542 24,576 25,013 20,253 23,035 23,503 0 0 0 1,289 1,541 1,510

U.S. Service Academies........................... 13,475 15,278 15,528 13,475 15,278 15,528 † † † † † †

Other jurisdictions .......................... 166,039 194,171 204,649 73,576 71,329 73,282 81,642 103,307 111,369 10,821 19,535 19,998

American Samoa...................................... 214 1,212 1,158 214 1,212 1,158 0 0 0 0 0 0

Federated States of Micronesia................ 1,308 1,968 2,065 1,308 1,968 2,06500000 0

Guam........................................................ 3,579 3,887 3,946 3,579 3,736 3,821 0 151 125 0 0 0

Marshall Islands........................................ 166 404 488 166 404 48800000 0

Northern Marianas ................................... 707 757 658 707 757 65800000 0

Palau......................................................... 450 540 364 450 540 364 0 0 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 158,028 183,675 194,157 65,565 60,984 62,915 81,642 103,156 111,244 10,821 19,535 19,998

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 1,587 1,728 1,813 1,587 1,728 1,813 0 0 0 0 0 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 325

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Includes students who enrolled at any point during a 12-month period ending during

the summer of the academic year indicated. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s

or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2007–08 and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall

2008 and Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 229. Total 12-month enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08 and 

2008–09

State or jurisdiction

2007–08 2008–09

Total

Public

4-year

Public

2-year

Private 4-year Private 2-year

Total

Public

4-year

Public

2-year

Private 4-year Private 2-year

Not-forprofit For-profitNot-forprofit For-profitNot-forprofit For-profitNot-forprofit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States .......... 25,138,967 8,702,159 9,888,876 4,385,552 1,648,494 47,914 465,972 26,556,839 9,050,518 10,360,959 4,459,602 2,076,191 45,396 564,173

Alabama .......................... 370,140 193,934 118,752 28,306 27,611 0 1,537 397,025 193,955 127,088 29,136 44,570 0 2,276

Alaska.............................. 53,133 47,645 3,049 924 1,515 0 0 52,746 46,981 2,743 997 2,025 0 0

Arizona ............................ 1,024,346 139,503 365,596 11,496 489,201 0 18,550 1,179,910 146,262 370,602 11,417 636,014 0 15,615

Arkansas.......................... 198,483 99,360 78,921 16,692 2,445 0 1,065 209,599 103,858 83,736 17,297 3,538 0 1,170

California ......................... 3,565,303 733,224 2,295,880 324,995 133,535 3,063 74,606 3,855,218 738,779 2,543,518 318,035 156,046 2,878 95,962

Colorado .......................... 444,281 190,210 127,130 41,307 71,540 290 13,804 449,034 190,935 131,044 41,272 70,791 279 14,713

Connecticut...................... 226,076 78,001 69,458 70,910 3,694 2,620 1,393 233,656 79,699 73,685 71,775 4,809 2,972 716

Delaware.......................... 65,745 27,311 20,356 17,858 0 220 0 67,200 27,339 20,853 18,746 0 262 0

District of Columbia ......... 157,400 10,653 0 85,686 61,061 0 0 171,721 10,220 0 85,984 75,517 0 0

Florida.............................. 1,301,849 604,762 342,129 199,970 125,196 270 29,522 1,386,473 746,778 236,440 210,062 153,643 358 39,192

Georgia............................ 610,320 271,471 216,407 73,516 40,966 1,304 6,656 654,592 288,501 225,919 76,235 53,029 627 10,281

Hawaii.............................. 89,948 34,118 33,273 18,087 2,978 0 1,492 93,047 34,970 35,753 17,482 2,929 0 1,913

Idaho................................ 112,880 67,080 18,815 24,053 1,716 0 1,216 116,005 67,821 19,733 24,610 2,198 0 1,643

Illinois............................... 1,298,845 233,395 680,867 265,500 103,206 1,958 13,919 1,334,965 232,569 698,366 268,693 118,501 1,837 14,999

Indiana............................. 521,080 257,463 119,572 108,944 23,997 641 10,463 551,453 265,666 135,547 107,908 29,606 650 12,076

Iowa ................................. 385,224 79,998 127,090 76,359 101,201 168 408 468,334 81,039 129,681 77,194 179,672 192 556

Kansas............................. 281,225 116,394 123,869 35,227 1,082 2,129 2,524 291,173 116,795 132,012 35,403 1,831 2,508 2,624

Kentucky .......................... 328,025 138,750 126,723 37,457 14,401 0 10,694 333,269 139,303 126,656 39,217 16,972 0 11,121

Louisiana ......................... 295,777 167,039 87,737 28,231 4,696 0 8,074 309,699 170,119 95,221 29,639 5,394 0 9,326

Maine............................... 87,279 43,877 19,474 20,909 0 173 2,846 89,020 42,733 20,969 22,195 0 179 2,944

Maryland.......................... 427,447 177,684 175,897 65,567 4,529 0 3,770 448,804 186,673 185,157 66,167 4,509 0 6,298

Massachusetts................. 596,908 148,195 128,304 309,751 3,937 2,436 4,285 612,639 151,348 134,926 315,693 4,595 1,626 4,451

Michigan .......................... 854,281 339,243 352,820 149,474 7,769 0 4,975 873,323 338,219 368,061 152,883 8,343 0 5,817

Minnesota ........................ 523,560 159,836 171,083 84,184 104,869 189 3,399 562,086 162,980 178,946 87,355 129,639 153 3,013

Mississippi ....................... 200,737 83,544 96,751 17,625 0 0 2,817 208,491 83,605 102,351 18,309 225 0 4,001

Missouri ........................... 528,460 160,538 135,561 195,791 20,119 2,198 14,253 547,541 164,387 142,621 197,599 26,448 1,835 14,651

Montana........................... 60,509 40,536 14,420 4,875 0 678 0 62,959 41,305 15,903 4,980 0 771 0

Nebraska ......................... 197,727 65,412 86,116 41,404 3,440 216 1,139 199,457 66,153 86,805 41,680 3,479 192 1,148

Nevada ............................ 165,017 130,169 18,621 2,019 9,962 0 4,246 167,602 131,098 19,035 2,190 10,201 0 5,078

New Hampshire ............... 92,315 34,398 19,194 31,640 5,331 520 1,232 94,578 34,181 21,484 31,206 7,186 521 0

New Jersey ...................... 514,357 187,362 229,837 87,795 6,904 0 2,459 529,609 191,769 241,090 86,930 7,790 0 2,030

New Mexico ..................... 191,849 68,859 110,068 3,514 8,671 0 737 201,251 71,113 116,867 1,375 10,051 0 1,845

New York.......................... 1,532,043 454,414 404,793 594,824 34,644 8,667 34,701 1,583,029 466,694 425,379 612,750 36,627 8,862 32,717

North Carolina ................. 645,908 244,619 291,802 98,724 7,997 827 1,939 694,804 252,067 329,467 99,458 10,258 699 2,855

North Dakota ................... 60,626 43,295 8,154 6,482 1,905 790 0 63,411 45,687 8,325 6,477 2,355 567 0

Ohio ................................. 844,952 351,736 265,037 167,966 12,000 1,533 46,680 886,676 375,869 265,776 170,189 13,065 1,519 60,258

Oklahoma ........................ 268,165 142,125 89,659 25,332 5,536 0 5,513 274,462 143,478 92,760 25,278 6,507 0 6,439

Oregon............................. 319,447 113,801 156,493 35,029 8,521 0 5,603 343,184 118,191 173,320 36,497 8,209 0 6,967

Pennsylvania.................... 923,337 312,356 198,163 320,946 33,356 10,502 48,014 942,541 316,801 208,161 325,892 30,448 10,118 51,121

Rhode Island ................... 100,461 29,919 23,867 45,688 0 0 987 101,282 30,176 24,352 46,401 0 0 353

South Carolina................. 287,639 114,009 118,889 45,937 5,831 974 1,999 299,389 114,831 127,752 45,443 8,075 978 2,310

South Dakota................... 64,526 42,864 6,376 9,104 5,581 601 0 66,076 44,377 6,576 8,886 5,749 488 0

Tennessee ....................... 373,975 154,822 107,172 79,435 13,975 308 18,263 390,220 156,726 113,417 81,738 16,001 328 22,010

Texas ............................... 1,755,293 655,630 890,640 148,621 23,190 1,335 35,877 1,862,048 674,309 948,521 148,390 28,152 1,386 61,290

Utah ................................. 285,449 146,075 67,143 55,871 12,916 1,779 1,665 298,907 155,153 65,084 60,107 14,557 1,843 2,163

Vermont ........................... 56,150 23,480 9,443 21,817 822 588 0 57,416 24,284 9,923 21,725 889 595 0

Virginia............................. 643,375 239,412 251,178 99,782 41,128 0 11,875 678,098 241,491 264,547 109,147 47,523 0 15,390

Washington...................... 520,867 182,732 275,543 49,078 11,652 0 1,862 538,511 218,241 255,734 48,472 11,543 0 4,521

West Virginia.................... 159,956 80,414 26,976 15,898 33,494 0 3,174 181,142 82,373 25,771 16,473 52,846 0 3,679

Wisconsin ........................ 457,420 206,908 151,251 84,952 10,322 937 3,050 470,405 208,607 156,914 86,615 13,668 173 4,428

Wyoming.......................... 52,054 16,786 32,527 0 52 0 2,689 55,730 16,981 36,368 0 168 0 2,213

U.S. Service Academies.. 16,798 16,798 † † † † † 17,029 17,029 † † † † †

Other jurisdictions . 269,370 80,601 9,621 139,912 16,406 6,980 15,850 276,492 79,666 12,734 144,756 16,285 6,756 16,295

American Samoa............. 2,421 2,421 0 0 0 0 0 2,576 0 2,576 0 0 0 0

Federated States of 

Micronesia ................. 3,064 0 3,064 0 0 0 0 3,227 0 3,227 0 0 0 0

Guam............................... 6,794 4,084 2,498 212 0 0 0 7,116 4,283 2,643 190 0 0 0

Marshall Islands............... 826 0 826 0 0 0 0 952 0 952 0 0 0 0

Northern Marianas .......... 1,277 1,277 0 0 0 0 0 1,126 1,126 0 0 0 0 0

Palau................................ 851 0 851 0 0 0 0 837 0 837 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico...................... 250,728 69,410 2,382 139,700 16,406 6,980 15,850 257,499 71,098 2,499 144,566 16,285 6,756 16,295

U.S. Virgin Islands ........... 3,409 3,409 0 0 0 0 0 3,159 3,159 0 0 0 0 0
326 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Students residing in a particular state when admitted to an institution anywhere—either in

their home state or another state.

2Includes students coming to U.S. colleges from foreign countries and other jurisdictions. 3Students whose residence is in the same state as the service academy.

4Institution unable to determine student’s home state.

NOTE: Includes all first-time postsecondary students enrolled at reporting institutions.

Degree-granting institutions grant associate's or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009. (This table was

prepared September 2009.)

Table 230. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008

State or jurisdiction

Total

freshman

enrollment

in institutions

located in the state

State residents enrolled in institutions Ratio of in-state students Migration of students

In any state1 In their home state

To freshman

enrollment

(col. 4/col. 2)

To residents

enrolled in any

state (col. 4/col. 3)

Out of state

(col. 3 - col. 4)

Into state2

(col. 2 - col. 4)

Net

(col. 8 - col. 7)

1 23 45678 9

United States ............. 3,024,723 2,963,570 2,418,035 0.80 0.82 545,535 606,688 61,153

Alabama ............................. 51,456 42,596 37,581 0.73 0.88 5,015 13,875 8,860

Alaska................................. 3,193 5,109 2,900 0.91 0.57 2,209 293 -1,916

Arizona ............................... 89,486 50,385 45,621 0.51 0.91 4,764 43,865 39,101

Arkansas............................. 26,838 25,071 21,760 0.81 0.87 3,311 5,078 1,767

California ............................ 433,287 422,773 393,120 0.91 0.93 29,653 40,167 10,514

Colorado ............................. 54,978 48,384 39,436 0.72 0.82 8,948 15,542 6,594

Connecticut......................... 30,754 36,886 21,200 0.69 0.57 15,686 9,554 -6,132

Delaware............................. 9,231 7,881 5,423 0.59 0.69 2,458 3,808 1,350

District of Columbia ............ 13,734 3,967 915 0.07 0.23 3,052 12,819 9,767

Florida................................. 153,189 143,069 125,023 0.82 0.87 18,046 28,166 10,120

Georgia............................... 86,199 91,194 74,153 0.86 0.81 17,041 12,046 -4,995

Hawaii................................. 9,668 11,348 7,878 0.81 0.69 3,470 1,790 -1,680

Idaho................................... 12,057 11,978 8,387 0.70 0.70 3,591 3,670 79

Illinois.................................. 119,139 122,184 92,908 0.78 0.76 29,276 26,231 -3,045

Indiana................................ 73,439 65,116 56,900 0.77 0.87 8,216 16,539 8,323

Iowa .................................... 44,777 30,579 26,274 0.59 0.86 4,305 18,503 14,198

Kansas................................ 29,593 27,498 23,041 0.78 0.84 4,457 6,552 2,095

Kentucky ............................. 40,207 38,053 32,791 0.82 0.86 5,262 7,416 2,154

Louisiana ............................ 38,473 37,390 32,786 0.85 0.88 4,604 5,687 1,083

Maine.................................. 12,142 12,465 8,733 0.72 0.70 3,732 3,409 -323

Maryland............................. 47,770 58,421 38,234 0.80 0.65 20,187 9,536 -10,651

Massachusetts.................... 75,530 67,903 47,699 0.63 0.70 20,204 27,831 7,627

Michigan ............................. 96,416 100,432 88,272 0.92 0.88 12,160 8,144 -4,016

Minnesota ........................... 55,023 58,383 44,137 0.80 0.76 14,246 10,886 -3,360

Mississippi .......................... 33,578 32,647 28,841 0.86 0.88 3,806 4,737 931

Missouri .............................. 57,833 56,087 46,447 0.80 0.83 9,640 11,386 1,746

Montana.............................. 8,520 8,349 6,351 0.75 0.76 1,998 2,169 171

Nebraska ............................ 18,109 17,878 14,641 0.81 0.82 3,237 3,468 231

Nevada ............................... 18,536 20,260 16,726 0.90 0.83 3,534 1,810 -1,724

New Hampshire .................. 13,056 13,257 7,045 0.54 0.53 6,212 6,011 -201

New Jersey ......................... 65,959 96,826 60,691 0.92 0.63 36,135 5,268 -30,867

New Mexico ........................ 19,569 19,024 15,982 0.82 0.84 3,042 3,587 545

New York............................. 193,929 190,660 156,091 0.80 0.82 34,569 37,838 3,269

North Carolina .................... 88,596 83,364 72,436 0.82 0.87 10,928 16,160 5,232

North Dakota ...................... 8,733 6,622 4,828 0.55 0.73 1,794 3,905 2,111

Ohio .................................... 108,929 113,638 93,980 0.86 0.83 19,658 14,949 -4,709

Oklahoma ........................... 33,339 30,624 26,499 0.79 0.87 4,125 6,840 2,715

Oregon................................ 33,748 31,189 25,759 0.76 0.83 5,430 7,989 2,559

Pennsylvania....................... 143,938 127,454 105,349 0.73 0.83 22,105 38,589 16,484

Rhode Island ...................... 16,543 10,341 7,244 0.44 0.70 3,097 9,299 6,202

South Carolina.................... 43,405 38,907 33,698 0.78 0.87 5,209 9,707 4,498

South Dakota...................... 8,920 8,175 6,164 0.69 0.75 2,011 2,756 745

Tennessee .......................... 53,671 53,285 44,177 0.82 0.83 9,108 9,494 386

Texas .................................. 199,333 210,694 184,051 0.92 0.87 26,643 15,282 -11,361

Utah .................................... 30,331 24,545 22,382 0.74 0.91 2,163 7,949 5,786

Vermont .............................. 7,744 5,363 2,529 0.33 0.47 2,834 5,215 2,381

Virginia................................ 81,742 77,797 62,966 0.77 0.81 14,831 18,776 3,945

Washington......................... 41,221 44,245 34,466 0.84 0.78 9,779 6,755 -3,024

West Virginia....................... 19,954 14,253 12,076 0.61 0.85 2,177 7,878 5,701

Wisconsin ........................... 58,310 57,970 47,678 0.82 0.82 10,292 10,632 340

Wyoming............................. 6,241 4,608 3,445 0.55 0.75 1,163 2,796 1,633

U.S. Service Academies..... 4,357 † 321 3 † † -321 4,036 4,357

State unknown4................... † 46,443 † † † 46,443 † -46,443

Other jurisdictions .... 45,452 46,718 44,907 0.99 0.96 1,811 545 -1,266

American Samoa................ 504 583 504 1.00 0.86 79 0 -79

Federated States of 

Micronesia .................... 856 978 856 1.00 0.88 122 0 -122

Guam.................................. 702 807 617 0.88 0.76 190 85 -105

Marshall Islands.................. 211 244 209 0.99 0.86 35 2 -33

Northern Marianas ............. 151 154 108 0.72 0.70 46 43 -3

Palau................................... 92 71 57 0.62 0.80 14 35 21

Puerto Rico......................... 42,381 42,884 42,066 0.99 0.98 818 315 -503

U.S. Virgin Islands .............. 555 997 490 0.88 0.49 507 65 -442

Foreign countries................ † 45,295 † † † 45,295 † -45,295

Residence unknown ........... † 14,592 † † † 14,592 † -14,592
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 327

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Students residing in a particular state when admitted to an institution anywhere—either in

their home state or another state.

2Includes students coming to U.S. colleges from foreign countries and other jurisdictions. 3Students whose residence is in the same state as the service academy.

4Institution unable to determine student’s home state.

NOTE: Includes all first-time postsecondary students who graduated from high school in the

previous 12 months and were enrolled at reporting institutions. Degree-granting institutions

grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008

Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009. (This table was prepared

November 2009.)

Table 231. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in degree-granting institutions who graduated from high school in the previous 12 

months, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008

State or jurisdiction

Total

freshman

enrollment

in institutions

located in the state

State residents enrolled in institutions Ratio of in-state students Migration of students

In any state1 In their home state

To freshman

enrollment

(col. 4/col. 2)

To residents

enrolled in any

state (col. 4/col. 3)

Out of state

(col. 3 - col. 4)

Into state2

(col. 2 - col. 4)

Net

(col. 8 - col. 7)

1 23 45678 9

United States ............. 2,139,030 2,109,931 1,713,334 0.80 0.81 396,597 425,696 29,099

Alabama ............................. 36,788 30,616 27,732 0.75 0.91 2,884 9,056 6,172

Alaska................................. 2,362 3,682 2,128 0.90 0.58 1,554 234 -1,320

Arizona ............................... 39,829 33,022 29,500 0.74 0.89 3,522 10,329 6,807

Arkansas............................. 21,005 18,820 16,739 0.80 0.89 2,081 4,266 2,185

California ............................ 265,154 267,801 245,051 0.92 0.92 22,750 20,103 -2,647

Colorado ............................. 30,428 30,445 23,182 0.76 0.76 7,263 7,246 -17

Connecticut......................... 26,574 31,580 17,366 0.65 0.55 14,214 9,208 -5,006

Delaware............................. 7,222 6,076 4,103 0.57 0.68 1,973 3,119 1,146

District of Columbia ............ 8,659 2,680 562 0.06 0.21 2,118 8,097 5,979

Florida................................. 102,980 98,630 87,156 0.85 0.88 11,474 15,824 4,350

Georgia............................... 60,585 63,374 52,821 0.87 0.83 10,553 7,764 -2,789

Hawaii................................. 7,166 8,725 5,852 0.82 0.67 2,873 1,314 -1,559

Idaho................................... 9,182 8,578 6,020 0.66 0.70 2,558 3,162 604

Illinois.................................. 75,307 86,277 61,481 0.82 0.71 24,796 13,826 -10,970

Indiana................................ 52,185 43,803 38,509 0.74 0.88 5,294 13,676 8,382

Iowa .................................... 29,294 23,682 20,267 0.69 0.86 3,415 9,027 5,612

Kansas................................ 23,848 21,665 18,451 0.77 0.85 3,214 5,397 2,183

Kentucky ............................. 29,633 26,424 23,406 0.79 0.89 3,018 6,227 3,209

Louisiana ............................ 29,816 27,362 24,720 0.83 0.90 2,642 5,096 2,454

Maine.................................. 9,729 9,690 6,575 0.68 0.68 3,115 3,154 39

Maryland............................. 34,691 43,171 26,917 0.78 0.62 16,254 7,774 -8,480

Massachusetts.................... 63,502 56,456 38,275 0.60 0.68 18,181 25,227 7,046

Michigan ............................. 72,752 74,115 65,885 0.91 0.89 8,230 6,867 -1,363

Minnesota ........................... 41,418 45,235 32,682 0.79 0.72 12,553 8,736 -3,817

Mississippi .......................... 24,024 21,786 20,182 0.84 0.93 1,604 3,842 2,238

Missouri .............................. 43,544 41,421 34,488 0.79 0.83 6,933 9,056 2,123

Montana.............................. 6,640 6,272 4,789 0.72 0.76 1,483 1,851 368

Nebraska ............................ 14,864 14,531 11,883 0.80 0.82 2,648 2,981 333

Nevada ............................... 8,644 9,916 7,459 0.86 0.75 2,457 1,185 -1,272

New Hampshire .................. 11,269 11,032 5,736 0.51 0.52 5,296 5,533 237

New Jersey ......................... 49,249 77,068 44,863 0.91 0.58 32,205 4,386 -27,819

New Mexico ........................ 13,675 13,376 11,449 0.84 0.86 1,927 2,226 299

New York............................. 154,976 153,009 123,387 0.80 0.81 29,622 31,589 1,967

North Carolina .................... 65,329 58,670 52,578 0.80 0.90 6,092 12,751 6,659

North Dakota ...................... 6,705 4,732 3,392 0.51 0.72 1,340 3,313 1,973

Ohio .................................... 83,283 83,895 70,330 0.84 0.84 13,565 12,953 -612

Oklahoma ........................... 24,984 22,212 19,635 0.79 0.88 2,577 5,349 2,772

Oregon................................ 19,476 17,566 13,315 0.68 0.76 4,251 6,161 1,910

Pennsylvania....................... 109,357 94,458 77,647 0.71 0.82 16,811 31,710 14,899

Rhode Island ...................... 13,756 8,040 5,288 0.38 0.66 2,752 8,468 5,716

South Carolina.................... 32,675 26,995 24,355 0.75 0.90 2,640 8,320 5,680

South Dakota...................... 7,157 6,587 5,023 0.70 0.76 1,564 2,134 570

Tennessee .......................... 41,050 39,033 33,135 0.81 0.85 5,898 7,915 2,017

Texas .................................. 140,026 150,160 131,543 0.94 0.88 18,617 8,483 -10,134

Utah .................................... 22,386 17,259 15,817 0.71 0.92 1,442 6,569 5,127

Vermont .............................. 6,800 4,416 1,955 0.29 0.44 2,461 4,845 2,384

Virginia................................ 61,202 57,862 47,354 0.77 0.82 10,508 13,848 3,340

Washington......................... 32,355 33,590 26,438 0.82 0.79 7,152 5,917 -1,235

West Virginia....................... 14,651 10,682 9,474 0.65 0.89 1,208 5,177 3,969

Wisconsin ........................... 42,804 41,738 33,703 0.79 0.81 8,035 9,101 1,066

Wyoming............................. 4,488 3,262 2,479 0.55 0.76 783 2,009 1,226

U.S. Service Academies..... 3,552 † 257 3 † † -257 3,295 3,552

State unknown4................... † 18,454 † † † 18,454 † -18,454

Other jurisdictions .... 37,206 38,264 36,965 0.99 0.97 1,299 241 -1,058

American Samoa................ 237 294 237 1.00 0.81 57 0 -57

Federated States of 

Micronesia ...................... 856 929 856 1.00 0.92 73 0 -73

Guam.................................. 553 623 490 0.89 0.79 133 63 -70

Marshall Islands.................. 211 228 209 0.99 0.92 19 2 -17

Northern Marianas ............. 77 97 65 0.84 0.67 32 12 -20

Palau................................... 78 62 50 0.64 0.81 12 28 16

Puerto Rico......................... 34,878 35,366 34,750 1.00 0.98 616 128 -488

U.S. Virgin Islands .............. 316 665 308 0.97 0.46 357 8 -349

Foreign countries................ † 28,041 † † † 28,041 † -28,041

Residence unknown ........... † † † † † † † †
328 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Students residing in a particular state when admitted to an institution anywhere—either in their

home state or another state.

2Includes students coming to U.S. colleges from foreign countries and other jurisdictions. 3Students whose residence is in the same state as the service academy.

4Institution unable to determine student’s home state.

NOTE: Includes all first-time postsecondary students who graduated from high school in the previous 12 months and were enrolled at reporting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant

associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009. (This table was prepared

November 2009.)

Table 232. Residence and migration of all freshmen students in 4-year degree-granting institutions who graduated from high school in the 

previous 12 months, by state or jurisdiction: Fall 2008

State or jurisdiction

Total

freshman

enrollment

in institutions

located in the state

State residents enrolled in institutions Ratio of in-state students Migration of students

In any state1 In their home state

To freshman

enrollment

(col. 4/col. 2)

To residents

enrolled in any

state (col. 4/col. 3)

Out of state

(col. 3 - col. 4)

Into state2

(col. 2 - col. 4)

Net

(col. 8 - col. 7)

1 23 45678 9

United States ............. 1,444,239 1,417,313 1,053,563 0.73 0.74 363,750 390,676 26,926

Alabama ............................. 23,996 18,441 15,931 0.66 0.86 2,510 8,065 5,555

Alaska................................. 2,342 3,543 2,109 0.90 0.60 1,434 233 -1,201

Arizona ............................... 22,004 16,783 13,581 0.62 0.81 3,202 8,423 5,221

Arkansas............................. 15,112 12,686 11,040 0.73 0.87 1,646 4,072 2,426

California ............................ 116,252 124,747 102,750 0.88 0.82 21,997 13,502 -8,495

Colorado ............................. 24,467 24,212 17,530 0.72 0.72 6,682 6,937 255

Connecticut......................... 19,656 24,541 10,516 0.54 0.43 14,025 9,140 -4,885

Delaware............................. 4,905 3,832 1,931 0.39 0.50 1,901 2,974 1,073

District of Columbia ............ 8,659 2,349 562 0.06 0.24 1,787 8,097 6,310

Florida................................. 70,373 67,932 57,207 0.81 0.84 10,725 13,166 2,441

Georgia............................... 44,482 47,179 37,362 0.84 0.79 9,817 7,120 -2,697

Hawaii................................. 3,846 5,345 2,621 0.68 0.49 2,724 1,225 -1,499

Idaho................................... 7,510 6,499 4,560 0.61 0.70 1,939 2,950 1,011

Illinois.................................. 53,440 63,938 39,966 0.75 0.63 23,972 13,474 -10,498

Indiana................................ 45,913 37,329 32,527 0.71 0.87 4,802 13,386 8,584

Iowa .................................... 19,022 14,151 11,000 0.58 0.78 3,151 8,022 4,871

Kansas................................ 14,746 13,874 10,824 0.73 0.78 3,050 3,922 872

Kentucky ............................. 22,576 19,499 16,756 0.74 0.86 2,743 5,820 3,077

Louisiana ............................ 23,928 21,131 18,931 0.79 0.90 2,200 4,997 2,797

Maine.................................. 7,541 7,512 4,469 0.59 0.59 3,043 3,072 29

Maryland............................. 19,922 28,546 12,804 0.64 0.45 15,742 7,118 -8,624

Massachusetts.................... 50,540 43,646 25,814 0.51 0.59 17,832 24,726 6,894

Michigan ............................. 51,283 52,354 44,683 0.87 0.85 7,671 6,600 -1,071

Minnesota ........................... 26,776 31,177 19,160 0.72 0.61 12,017 7,616 -4,401

Mississippi .......................... 9,353 7,577 6,132 0.66 0.81 1,445 3,221 1,776

Missouri .............................. 28,854 26,883 20,693 0.72 0.77 6,190 8,161 1,971

Montana.............................. 5,324 4,809 3,605 0.68 0.75 1,204 1,719 515

Nebraska ............................ 11,117 10,497 8,354 0.75 0.80 2,143 2,763 620

Nevada ............................... 7,603 8,703 6,474 0.85 0.74 2,229 1,129 -1,100

New Hampshire .................. 9,032 8,513 3,611 0.40 0.42 4,902 5,421 519

New Jersey ......................... 26,223 53,566 22,056 0.84 0.41 31,510 4,167 -27,343

New Mexico ........................ 7,393 7,416 5,858 0.79 0.79 1,558 1,535 -23

New York............................. 108,398 107,119 78,139 0.72 0.73 28,980 30,259 1,279

North Carolina .................... 45,861 39,342 33,606 0.73 0.85 5,736 12,255 6,519

North Dakota ...................... 6,239 3,927 3,012 0.48 0.77 915 3,227 2,312

Ohio .................................... 66,257 66,800 54,039 0.82 0.81 12,761 12,218 -543

Oklahoma ........................... 17,572 14,877 12,838 0.73 0.86 2,039 4,734 2,695

Oregon................................ 14,633 13,131 9,154 0.63 0.70 3,977 5,479 1,502

Pennsylvania....................... 86,833 72,492 56,425 0.65 0.78 16,067 30,408 14,341

Rhode Island ...................... 11,393 5,687 3,037 0.27 0.53 2,650 8,356 5,706

South Carolina.................... 22,095 16,672 14,258 0.65 0.86 2,414 7,837 5,423

South Dakota...................... 5,715 5,048 3,735 0.65 0.74 1,313 1,980 667

Tennessee .......................... 29,351 27,438 22,010 0.75 0.80 5,428 7,341 1,913

Texas .................................. 84,742 96,033 78,317 0.92 0.82 17,716 6,425 -11,291

Utah .................................... 18,188 13,211 12,022 0.66 0.91 1,189 6,166 4,977

Vermont .............................. 6,460 4,060 1,723 0.27 0.42 2,337 4,737 2,400

Virginia................................ 41,853 38,789 28,780 0.69 0.74 10,009 13,073 3,064

Washington......................... 22,786 23,890 17,129 0.75 0.72 6,761 5,657 -1,104

West Virginia....................... 11,998 8,149 7,224 0.60 0.89 925 4,774 3,849

Wisconsin ........................... 34,522 32,962 25,578 0.74 0.78 7,384 8,944 1,560

Wyoming............................. 1,601 1,561 863 0.54 0.55 698 738 40

U.S. Service Academies.... 3,552 † 257 3 † † -257 3,295 3,552

State unknown4................... † 6,915 † † † 6,915 † -6,915

Other jurisdictions .... 31,823 32,811 31,615 0.99 0.96 1,196 208 -988

American Samoa................ 237 276 237 1.00 0.86 39 0 -39

Federated States of 

Micronesia .................... † 58 † † † 58 0 -58

Guam.................................. 524 589 461 0.88 0.78 128 63 -65

Marshall Islands.................. † 11 † † † 11 0 -11

Northern Marianas ............. 77 95 65 0.84 0.68 30 12 -18

Palau................................... † 11 † † † 11 0 -11

Puerto Rico......................... 30,669 31,115 30,544 1.00 0.98 571 125 -446

U.S. Virgin Islands .............. 316 656 308 0.97 0.47 348 8 -340

Foreign countries................ † 25,938 † † † 25,938 † -25,938

Residence unknown ........... † 417 † † † 417 † -417
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 329

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1In 1999–2000 only, separate data were collected on foreign students who, while studying in the United States on visas, left the United States for a period of time to study

abroad elsewhere.

2Asia excludes the Middle Eastern countries (Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait,

Lebanon, Oman, the Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab

Emirates, and Yemen).

3Cyprus and Turkey were classified as being in the Middle East prior to 2004–05, but in

Europe for 2004–05 and later years. Data for years prior to 2004–05 have been revised

for comparability.

4Mexico and Central America are included in Latin America, not in North America.

5Includes Antarctica from 2002–03 onward.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: Institute of International Education, Open Doors: Report on International Educational Exchange, 2009. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 233. Number of U.S. students studying abroad and percentage distribution, by sex, race/ethnicity, academic level, host region, and 

duration of stay: 1996–97 through 2007–08

Selected characteristic 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08

Change 1997–98

to 2007–08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Number Percent change

 Total....................... 99,448 113,959 129,770 143,590 154,168 160,920 174,629 191,231 205,983 223,534 241,791 262,416 130.3

Percentage distribution

Change in

percentage points

Sex..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 †

Male ............................... 35.1 35.2 34.8 35.4 35.0 35.1 35.3 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.9 34.9 -0.3

Female........................... 64.9 64.8 65.2 64.6 65.0 64.9 64.7 65.6 65.5 65.5 65.1 65.1 0.3

Race/ethnicity .................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 †

White.............................. 83.9 84.5 85.0 83.7 84.3 82.9 83.2 83.7 83.0 83.0 81.9 81.8 -2.7

Black .............................. 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.0 0.2

Hispanic ......................... 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.6 5.4 6.0 5.9 0.4

Asian/Pacific Islander..... 5.0 4.8 4.4 4.8 5.4 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.6 1.8

American Indian/

Alaska Native........... 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 -0.1

Two or more races ......... 2.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.4

Visa students1 ................ † † † 1.6 † † † † † † † † †

Academic level................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 †

Freshman....................... 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.7 3.3 3.5 0.8

Sophomore .................... 12.8 13.4 13.2 13.6 14.0 13.6 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.8 12.9 13.1 -0.3

Junior ............................. 41.3 42.2 40.3 39.8 38.9 40.7 38.0 34.7 35.8 34.2 36.6 35.9 -6.3

Senior ............................ 18.3 17.7 19.0 17.7 20.0 20.4 20.2 19.3 19.6 19.8 21.3 21.3 3.6

Associate’s students ...... 1.9 2.3 2.5 0.9 0.9 1.5 2.1 1.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.2 -0.1

Bachelor’s unspecified ... 14.7 13.2 13.3 15.6 13.5 11.0 15.3 16.3 15.2 14.9 12.5 13.4 0.2

Master’s level or higher .. 7.8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.7 9.1 8.6 8.9 10.0 10.5 10.5 2.4

Other academic level ..... 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.7 4.2 2.5 1.9 # 0.1 -0.4

Host region ........................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 †

Africa.............................. 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.5 1.8

Asia2............................... 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.8 5.6 6.9 8.0 9.3 10.3 11.1 5.1

Europe3 .......................... 64.6 63.8 62.8 62.5 63.3 62.7 63.1 61.0 60.3 58.3 57.4 56.3 -7.5

Latin America4 ............... 15.3 15.6 15.0 14.0 14.5 14.5 15.3 15.2 14.4 15.2 15.0 15.3 -0.3

Middle East3................... 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.8 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 -0.5

North America4,5 ............ 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 -0.5

Oceania ......................... 4.4 4.4 4.9 5.0 6.0 6.8 7.3 7.4 6.7 6.3 5.7 5.3 0.9

Multiple destinations ...... 4.6 4.8 5.2 5.8 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 0.9

Duration of stay.................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 †

Summer term................. 32.8 33.8 34.6 34.2 33.7 34.4 32.7 37.0 37.2 37.2 38.7 38.1 4.3

One semester ................ 40.2 38.4 39.8 38.1 38.5 39.0 40.3 38.1 37.5 36.9 36.3 35.5 -2.9

8 weeks or less during 

academic year.......... 3.3 4.2 4.8 7.3 7.4 7.3 9.4 8.9 8.0 9.5 9.8 11.0 6.8

January term.................. 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.0 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.4 6.8 7.2 0.5

Academic year ............... 10.7 9.5 8.6 8.2 7.3 7.8 6.7 6.0 6.0 5.3 4.3 4.1 -5.4

One quarter ................... 4.0 4.8 4.1 4.7 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 -1.4

Two quarters .................. 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.6 -0.5

Calendar year ................ 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4

Other.............................. 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.1 # -1.0
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero. 1Cyprus and Turkey were classified as being in the Middle East prior to 2004–05, but in Europe for 2004–05 and later years.Data for years prior to 2004–05 have been revised for comparability.2Data for 1980–81 and 1985–86 are for West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany before unification). 3Excludes Mexico and Central America, which are included in Latin America.4Home country unknown or undeclared. 

NOTE: Includes foreign students enrolled in American Samoa, Guam, Puertsubtotals include other countries not shown separately. Data are for “nonimmthis country). Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE: Institute of International Education, Open Doors: Report on Inte

2009 (selected years). (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 234. Foreign students enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States, by continent, region, and selected countries of origin: Selected yeaContinent, region, and country of origin

1980–81 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96 2000–01 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percen

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

Total ................... 311,880 100.0 343,780 100.0 407,272 100.0 453,787 100.00 547,873 100.0 563,308 100.0 564,766 100.0 582,984 100.0 

Africa ................................. 38,180 12.2 34,190 9.9 23,803 5.8 20,844 4.6 34,217 6.2 36,100 6.4 36,308 6.4 35,802 6.1 

East Africa ..................... 6,260 2.0 6,730 2.0 7,592 1.9 7,596 1.7 13,516 2.5 13,675 2.4 13,635 2.4 13,374 2.3 

Kenya ......................... 1,930 0.6 1,720 0.5 2,357 0.6 2,934 0.6 6,229 1.1 6,728 1.2 6,559 1.2 6,349 1.1 

Central Africa ................. 1,130 0.4 1,540 0.4 1,647 0.4 1,346 0.3 1,859 0.3 2,505 0.4 2,825 0.5 3,257 0.6 North Africa.................... 7,310 2.3 5,980 1.7 4,541 1.1 3,422 0.8 5,184 0.9 3,898 0.7 3,770 0.7 3,700 0.6 

Southern Africa.............. 1,480 0.5 2,360 0.7 2,835 0.7 2,657 0.6 3,304 0.6 2,240 0.4 2,232 0.4 2,124 0.4 West Africa..................... 22,000 7.1 17,580 5.1 7,178 1.8 5,818 1.3 10,346 1.9 13,782 2.4 13,846 2.5 13,344 2.3 

Nigeria........................ 17,350 5.6 13,710 4.0 3,714 0.9 2,093 0.5 3,820 0.7 6,335 1.1 6,192 1.1 5,943 1.0 

Asia.................................... 94,640 30.3 156,830 45.6 229,825 56.4 259,893 57.3 302,058 55.1 325,112 57.7 327,785 58.0 344,495 59.1 

East Asia........................ 51,650 16.6 80,720 23.5 146,017 35.9 166,717 36.7 189,371 34.6 192,561 34.2 197,576 35.0 204,023 35.0 

China.......................... 2,770 0.9 13,980 4.1 39,597 9.7 39,613 8.7 59,939 10.9 62,523 11.1 62,582 11.1 67,723 11.6 Hong Kong ................. 9,660 3.1 10,710 3.1 12,625 3.1 12,018 2.6 7,627 1.4 7,180 1.3 7,849 1.4 7,722 1.3 

Japan ......................... 13,500 4.3 13,360 3.9 36,611 9.0 45,531 10.0 46,497 8.5 42,215 7.5 38,712 6.9 35,282 6.1 South Korea ............... 6,150 2.0 18,660 5.4 23,362 5.7 36,231 8.0 45,685 8.3 53,358 9.5 59,022 10.5 62,392 10.7 

Taiwan ........................ 19,460 6.2 23,770 6.9 33,531 8.2 32,702 7.2 28,566 5.2 25,914 4.6 27,876 4.9 29,094 5.0 

South and Central Asia.. 14,540 4.7 25,800 7.5 42,366 10.4 45,401 10.0 71,765 13.1 97,961 17.4 94,965 16.8 104,457 17.9 

India ........................... 9,250 3.0 16,070 4.7 28,857 7.1 31,743 7.0 54,664 10.0 80,466 14.3 76,503 13.5 83,833 14.4 

Nepal.......................... 250 0.1 390 0.1 670 0.2 1,219 0.3 2,618 0.5 4,861 0.9 6,061 1.1 7,754 1.3 

Pakistan ..................... 2,990 1.0 5,440 1.6 7,725 1.9 6,427 1.4 6,948 1.3 6,296 1.1 5,759 1.0 5,401 0.9 

Southeast Asia............... 28,450 9.1 50,310 14.6 41,441 10.2 47,774 10.5 40,916 7.5 34,590 6.1 35,244 6.2 36,015 6.2 

Indonesia ................... 3,250 1.0 8,210 2.4 9,524 2.3 12,820 2.8 11,625 2.1 7,760 1.4 7,575 1.3 7,338 1.3 

Malaysia ..................... 6,010 1.9 23,020 6.7 13,606 3.3 14,015 3.1 7,795 1.4 6,142 1.1 5,515 1.0 5,281 0.9 Philippines.................. 3,390 1.1 3,920 1.1 4,273 1.0 3,127 0.7 3,139 0.6 3,531 0.6 3,758 0.7 3,730 0.6 Singapore................... 1,320 0.4 3,930 1.1 4,495 1.1 4,098 0.9 4,166 0.8 3,769 0.7 3,909 0.7 3,705 0.6 

Thailand ..................... 6,550 2.1 6,940 2.0 7,092 1.7 12,165 2.7 11,187 2.0 8,637 1.5 8,765 1.6 8,886 1.5 

Vietnam...................... 6,490 2.1 3,270 1.0 1,396 0.3 922 0.2 2,022 0.4 3,670 0.7 4,597 0.8 6,036 1.0 

Europe1.............................. 28,650 9.2 38,910 11.3 55,422 13.6 76,855 16.9 93,784 17.1 85,409 15.2 84,697 15.0 82,731 14.2 

Cyprus1 .......................... 720 0.2 2,140 0.6 1,710 0.4 1,819 0.4 2,217 0.4 1,326 0.2 1,111 0.2 877 0.2 

France............................ 2,570 0.8 3,680 1.1 5,633 1.4 5,710 1.3 7,273 1.3 6,555 1.2 6,640 1.2 6,704 1.1 

Germany2....................... 3,310 1.1 4,730 1.4 7,003 1.7 9,017 2.0 10,128 1.8 8,640 1.5 8,829 1.6 8,656 1.5 

Greece ........................... 3,750 1.2 4,440 1.3 4,357 1.1 3,365 0.7 2,768 0.5 2,035 0.4 2,088 0.4 1,986 0.3 Spain.............................. 950 0.3 1,740 0.5 4,304 1.1 4,809 1.1 4,156 0.8 3,512 0.6 3,455 0.6 3,575 0.6 

Turkey1 ........................... 2,600 0.8 2,460 0.7 4,078 1.0 7,678 1.7 10,983 2.0 12,474 2.2 11,622 2.1 11,506 2.0 

United Kingdom ............. 4,440 1.4 5,940 1.7 7,298 1.8 7,799 1.7 8,139 1.5 8,236 1.5 8,274 1.5 8,438 1.4 

Latin America..................... 49,810 16.0 45,480 13.2 47,318 11.6 47,253 10.4 63,634 11.6 66,087 11.7 64,769 11.5 64,579 11.1 

Caribbean ...................... 10,650 3.4 11,100 3.2 12,349 3.0 10,737 2.4 14,423 2.6 13,898 2.5 13,855 2.5 13,854 2.4 Central America ............. 12,970 4.2 12,740 3.7 15,949 3.9 14,220 3.1 16,764 3.1 19,227 3.4 19,709 3.5 19,743 3.4 

Mexico........................ 6,730 2.2 5,460 1.6 6,739 1.7 8,687 1.9 10,670 1.9 13,063 2.3 13,931 2.5 13,826 2.4 

South America ............... 26,190 8.4 21,640 6.3 19,019 4.7 22,296 4.9 32,447 5.9 32,962 5.9 31,205 5.5 30,982 5.3 

Brazil .......................... 2,870 0.9 2,840 0.8 3,898 1.0 5,497 1.2 8,846 1.6 7,244 1.3 7,009 1.2 7,126 1.2 Colombia.................... 3,930 1.3 4,010 1.2 3,183 0.8 3,462 0.8 6,765 1.2 7,334 1.3 6,835 1.2 6,750 1.2 Venezuela .................. 11,750 3.8 7,040 2.0 2,894 0.7 4,456 1.0 5,217 1.0 5,279 0.9 4,792 0.8 4,523 0.8 

Middle East1....................... 81,390 26.1 48,120 14.0 27,636 6.8 21,066 4.6 23,658 4.3 17,448 3.1 17,806 3.2 22,321 3.8 

Iran................................. 47,550 15.2 14,210 4.1 6,262 1.5 2,628 0.6 1,844 0.3 2,251 0.4 2,420 0.4 2,795 0.5 

Israel .............................. 2,710 0.9 2,600 0.8 2,977 0.7 2,637 0.6 3,402 0.6 3,323 0.6 3,419 0.6 3,269 0.6 

Jordan............................ 6,140 2.0 6,590 1.9 4,321 1.1 2,222 0.5 2,187 0.4 1,754 0.3 1,733 0.3 1,726 0.3 

Kuwait ............................ 2,990 1.0 3,810 1.1 1,624 0.4 3,035 0.7 3,045 0.6 1,720 0.3 1,703 0.3 1,633 0.3 

Lebanon......................... 6,770 2.2 7,090 2.1 3,899 1.0 1,554 0.3 2,005 0.4 2,040 0.4 1,950 0.3 1,852 0.3 

Saudi Arabia .................. 10,440 3.3 6,900 2.0 3,584 0.9 4,191 0.9 5,273 1.0 3,035 0.5 3,448 0.6 7,886 1.4 

North America3 .................. 14,790 4.7 16,030 4.7 18,949 4.7 23,644 5.2 25,888 4.7 28,634 5.1 28,699 5.1 28,756 4.9 

Canada .......................... 14,320 4.6 15,410 4.5 18,350 4.5 23,005 5.1 25,279 4.6 28,140 5.0 28,202 5.0 28,280 4.9 

Oceania ............................. 4,180 1.3 4,030 1.2 4,230 1.0 4,202 0.9 4,624 0.8 4,481 0.8 4,702 0.8 4,300 0.7 

Australia ......................... 1,530 0.5 1,530 0.4 1,906 0.5 2,244 0.5 2,645 0.5 2,659 0.5 2,806 0.5 2,797 0.5 

Unidentified4 ...................... 240 0.1 190 0.1 89 # 30 # 10 # 37 # # # # # 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 235. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, attendance status, and level of student: Selected years, 1976 through 2009Race/ethnicity, sex, attendance status, and level of student

Fall enrollment (in thousands) Percentage distribution of 

1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

All students, total........................ 10,985.6 12,086.8 13,818.6 15,312.3 16,911.5 17,272.0 17,487.5 17,758.9 18,248.1 19,102.8 20,427.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White .................................................... 9,076.1 9,833.0 10,722.5 10,462.1 11,280.9 11,422.8 11,495.4 11,572.4 11,756.2 12,088.8 12,730.8 82.6 81.4 77.6 68.3 66.7 66.1 Total, selected races/ethnicities ............ 1,690.8 1,948.8 2,704.7 4,321.5 5,032.9 5,259.1 5,407.2 5,590.6 5,867.4 6,353.5 7,012.1 15.4 16.1 19.6 28.2 29.8 30.4 

Black ................................................. 1,033.0 1,106.8 1,247.0 1,730.3 2,068.4 2,164.7 2,214.6 2,279.6 2,383.4 2,584.5 2,919.8 9.4 9.2 9.0 11.3 12.2 12.5 

Hispanic ............................................ 383.8 471.7 782.4 1,461.8 1,716.3 1,809.6 1,882.0 1,964.3 2,076.2 2,272.9 2,546.7 3.5 3.9 5.7 9.5 10.1 10.5 

Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 197.9 286.4 572.4 978.2 1,075.6 1,108.7 1,134.4 1,165.5 1,217.9 1,302.8 1,337.7 1.8 2.4 4.1 6.4 6.4 6.4 

American Indian/Alaska Native......... 76.1 83.9 102.8 151.2 172.6 176.1 176.3 181.1 190.0 193.3 207.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Nonresident alien.................................. 218.7 305.0 391.5 528.7 597.7 590.2 584.8 595.9 624.5 660.6 684.8 2.0 2.5 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 

Male...................................................... 5,794.4 5,868.1 6,283.9 6,721.8 7,260.3 7,387.3 7,455.9 7,574.8 7,815.9 8,188.9 8,769.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 4,813.7 4,772.9 4,861.0 4,634.6 4,929.8 4,988.0 5,007.2 5,046.2 5,146.1 5,302.9 5,594.4 83.1 81.3 77.4 68.9 67.9 67.5 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 826.6 884.4 1,176.6 1,789.8 2,005.3 2,083.7 2,139.2 2,212.6 2,336.6 2,532.8 2,808.4 14.3 15.1 18.7 26.6 27.6 28.2 

Black ............................................. 469.9 463.7 484.7 635.3 730.7 758.4 774.1 795.4 838.1 911.8 1,037.1 8.1 7.9 7.7 9.5 10.1 10.3 

Hispanic ........................................ 209.7 231.6 353.9 627.1 709.3 745.1 774.6 810.0 861.6 946.7 1,066.3 3.6 3.9 5.6 9.3 9.8 10.1 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 108.4 151.3 294.9 465.9 498.2 511.6 522.0 536.0 562.5 597.4 621.5 1.9 2.6 4.7 6.9 6.9 6.9 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 38.5 37.8 43.1 61.4 67.1 68.6 68.4 71.2 74.4 76.9 83.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 

Nonresident alien.............................. 154.1 210.8 246.3 297.3 325.2 315.6 309.5 316.1 333.2 353.3 366.7 2.7 3.6 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 

Female.................................................. 5,191.2 6,218.7 7,534.7 8,590.5 9,651.2 9,884.8 10,031.6 10,184.1 10,432.2 10,913.9 11,658.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 4,262.4 5,060.1 5,861.5 5,827.5 6,351.2 6,434.8 6,488.2 6,526.2 6,610.1 6,785.9 7,136.4 82.1 81.4 77.8 67.8 65.8 65.1 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 864.2 1,064.4 1,528.1 2,531.7 3,027.5 3,175.4 3,268.0 3,378.0 3,530.9 3,820.7 4,203.7 16.6 17.1 20.3 29.5 31.4 32.1 

Black ............................................. 563.1 643.0 762.3 1,095.0 1,337.7 1,406.3 1,440.4 1,484.2 1,545.3 1,672.7 1,882.7 10.8 10.3 10.1 12.7 13.9 14.2 Hispanic ........................................ 174.1 240.1 428.5 834.7 1,006.9 1,064.5 1,107.3 1,154.3 1,214.5 1,326.1 1,480.4 3.4 3.9 5.7 9.7 10.4 10.8 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 89.4 135.2 277.5 512.3 577.4 597.1 612.4 629.5 655.4 705.4 716.1 1.7 2.2 3.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 37.6 46.1 59.7 89.7 105.5 107.5 107.9 110.0 115.6 116.4 124.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 

Nonresident alien.............................. 64.6 94.2 145.2 231.4 272.5 274.6 275.3 279.8 291.2 307.3 318.1 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 

Full-time................................................ 6,703.6 7,088.9 7,821.0 9,009.6 10,326.1 10,610.2 10,797.0 10,957.3 11,269.9 11,747.7 12,722.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 5,512.6 5,717.0 6,016.5 6,231.1 6,982.0 7,129.1 7,220.5 7,267.3 7,394.2 7,593.5 8,078.8 82.2 80.6 76.9 69.2 67.6 67.2 Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 1,030.9 1,137.5 1,514.9 2,368.5 2,872.6 3,015.4 3,117.1 3,221.9 3,382.0 3,631.9 4,101.7 15.4 16.0 19.4 26.3 27.8 28.4 

Black ............................................. 659.2 685.6 718.3 982.6 1,218.4 1,282.8 1,321.7 1,354.8 1,416.1 1,530.7 1,763.7 9.8 9.7 9.2 10.9 11.8 12.1 

Hispanic ........................................ 211.1 247.0 394.7 710.3 882.2 936.6 979.7 1,023.8 1,082.9 1,177.2 1,362.4 3.1 3.5 5.0 7.9 8.5 8.8 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 117.7 162.0 347.4 591.2 670.5 691.4 710.1 735.4 770.0 808.9 848.6 1.8 2.3 4.4 6.6 6.5 6.5 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 43.0 43.0 54.4 84.4 101.4 104.6 105.6 107.9 113.0 115.1 127.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 

Nonresident alien.............................. 160.0 234.4 289.6 410.0 471.6 465.6 459.4 468.0 493.7 522.3 542.3 2.4 3.3 3.7 4.6 4.6 4.4 

Part-time ............................................... 4,282.1 4,997.9 5,997.7 6,302.7 6,585.3 6,661.9 6,690.5 6,801.6 6,978.2 7,355.1 7,704.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 3,563.5 4,116.0 4,706.0 4,231.0 4,298.9 4,293.6 4,274.9 4,305.1 4,362.1 4,495.3 4,651.9 83.2 82.4 78.5 67.1 65.3 64.5 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 659.9 811.3 1,189.8 1,953.0 2,160.3 2,243.7 2,290.1 2,368.6 2,485.4 2,721.5 2,910.4 15.4 16.2 19.8 31.0 32.8 33.7 

Black ............................................. 373.8 421.2 528.7 747.7 849.9 881.8 892.9 924.8 967.2 1,053.7 1,156.2 8.7 8.4 8.8 11.9 12.9 13.2 Hispanic ........................................ 172.7 224.8 387.7 751.5 834.0 873.0 902.2 940.5 993.2 1,095.7 1,184.3 4.0 4.5 6.5 11.9 12.7 13.1 Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 80.2 124.4 225.1 387.1 405.1 417.3 424.3 430.1 447.9 493.9 489.1 1.9 2.5 3.8 6.1 6.2 6.3 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 33.1 40.9 48.4 66.8 71.3 71.6 70.7 73.2 77.0 78.2 80.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 

Nonresident alien.............................. 58.7 70.6 101.8 118.7 126.1 124.6 125.5 127.8 130.8 138.3 142.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Because of underreporting and nonreporting of racial/ethnicdata, some figures are slightly lower than corresponding data in other tables. Data through 1990 are for institutions of highereducation, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degreesand participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier highereducation classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grantdegrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisvey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1976 and secondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS(This table was prepared October 2010.)

Undergraduate, total................... 9,419.0 10,469.1 11,959.1 13,155.4 14,480.4 14,780.6 14,964.0 15,184.3 15,603.8 16,365.7 17,565.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White .................................................... 7,740.5 8,480.7 9,272.6 8,983.5 9,664.6 9,771.3 9,828.6 9,885.4 10,046.6 10,339.2 10,915.3 82.2 81.0 77.5 68.3 66.7 66.1 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ............ 1,535.3 1,778.5 2,467.7 3,884.0 4,498.4 4,695.5 4,820.7 4,977.9 5,221.9 5,666.2 6,271.6 16.3 17.0 20.6 29.5 31.1 31.8 

Black ................................................. 943.4 1,018.8 1,147.2 1,548.9 1,838.0 1,918.5 1,955.4 2,005.7 2,092.6 2,269.3 2,577.4 10.0 9.7 9.6 11.8 12.7 13.0 Hispanic ............................................ 352.9 433.1 724.6 1,351.0 1,579.8 1,666.9 1,733.6 1,810.1 1,915.9 2,103.5 2,362.5 3.7 4.1 6.1 10.3 10.9 11.3 Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 169.3 248.7 500.5 845.5 922.7 949.9 971.4 997.9 1,042.1 1,117.9 1,142.3 1.8 2.4 4.2 6.4 6.4 6.4 

American Indian/Alaska Native......... 69.7 77.9 95.5 138.5 157.8 160.3 160.4 164.2 171.3 175.6 189.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 

Nonresident alien.................................. 143.2 209.9 218.7 288.0 317.3 313.8 314.7 321.0 335.3 360.3 378.4 1.5 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.1 

Male...................................................... 4,896.8 4,997.4 5,379.8 5,778.3 6,227.4 6,340.0 6,408.9 6,513.8 6,727.6 7,066.6 7,595.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 4,052.2 4,054.9 4,184.4 4,010.1 4,263.1 4,309.9 4,330.4 4,364.6 4,455.9 4,598.6 4,860.2 82.8 81.1 77.8 69.4 68.5 68.0 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 748.2 802.7 1,069.3 1,618.0 1,806.5 1,877.0 1,926.6 1,993.3 2,107.5 2,290.3 2,546.2 15.3 16.1 19.9 28.0 29.0 29.6 

Black ............................................. 430.7 428.2 448.0 577.0 660.4 684.7 697.5 715.7 754.1 821.3 938.3 8.8 8.6 8.3 10.0 10.6 10.8 

Hispanic ........................................ 191.7 211.2 326.9 582.6 656.8 690.5 718.5 752.0 802.0 884.0 997.3 3.9 4.2 6.1 10.1 10.5 10.9 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 91.1 128.5 254.5 401.9 427.9 439.1 448.1 460.6 483.6 514.6 534.0 1.9 2.6 4.7 7.0 6.9 6.9 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 34.8 34.8 39.9 56.4 61.5 62.7 62.5 65.0 67.8 70.3 76.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Nonresident alien.............................. 96.4 139.8 126.1 150.2 157.7 153.1 151.8 155.9 164.2 177.7 189.1 2.0 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.4 

Female.................................................. 4,522.1 5,471.7 6,579.3 7,377.1 8,253.0 8,440.6 8,555.1 8,670.5 8,876.2 9,299.1 9,969.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 3,688.3 4,425.8 5,088.2 4,973.3 5,401.5 5,461.4 5,498.2 5,520.9 5,590.6 5,740.6 6,055.0 81.6 80.9 77.3 67.4 65.4 64.7 Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 787.0 975.8 1,398.5 2,266.0 2,691.8 2,818.5 2,894.0 2,984.5 3,114.4 3,375.9 3,725.4 17.4 17.8 21.3 30.7 32.6 33.4 

Black ............................................. 512.7 590.6 699.2 971.9 1,177.7 1,233.8 1,257.8 1,290.0 1,338.5 1,448.0 1,639.1 11.3 10.8 10.6 13.2 14.3 14.6 

Hispanic ........................................ 161.2 221.8 397.6 768.4 923.0 976.3 1,015.0 1,058.1 1,113.9 1,219.5 1,365.2 3.6 4.1 6.0 10.4 11.2 11.6 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 78.2 120.2 246.0 443.6 494.8 510.8 523.2 537.3 558.5 603.2 608.3 1.7 2.2 3.7 6.0 6.0 6.1 American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 34.9 43.1 55.5 82.1 96.3 97.6 98.0 99.2 103.6 105.2 112.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 

Nonresident alien.............................. 46.8 70.1 92.6 137.8 159.6 160.7 162.9 165.2 171.2 182.6 189.4 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 

Postbaccalaureate, total............. 1,566.6 1,617.7 1,859.5 2,156.9 2,431.1 2,491.4 2,523.5 2,574.6 2,644.4 2,737.1 2,862.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White .................................................... 1,335.6 1,352.4 1,449.8 1,478.6 1,616.3 1,651.5 1,666.8 1,687.0 1,709.7 1,749.6 1,815.5 85.3 83.6 78.0 68.6 66.5 66.3 Total, selected races/ethnicities ............ 155.5 170.3 237.0 437.5 534.5 563.6 586.6 612.7 645.5 687.2 740.5 9.9 10.5 12.7 20.3 22.0 22.6 

Black ................................................. 89.7 87.9 99.8 181.4 230.3 246.2 259.2 273.9 290.8 315.2 342.4 5.7 5.4 5.4 8.4 9.5 9.9 

Hispanic ............................................ 30.9 38.6 57.9 110.8 136.5 142.7 148.4 154.2 160.3 169.4 184.2 2.0 2.4 3.1 5.1 5.6 5.7 Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 28.6 37.7 72.0 132.7 152.8 158.8 163.0 167.6 175.8 184.9 195.4 1.8 2.3 3.9 6.2 6.3 6.4 

American Indian/Alaska Native......... 6.4 6.0 7.3 12.6 14.8 15.8 15.9 17.0 18.7 17.7 18.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 

Nonresident alien.................................. 75.5 95.1 172.7 240.7 280.4 276.3 270.1 274.8 289.1 300.3 306.4 4.8 5.9 9.3 11.2 11.5 11.1 

Male...................................................... 897.6 870.7 904.2 943.5 1,032.9 1,047.2 1,047.1 1,061.1 1,088.3 1,122.3 1,174.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 761.6 718.1 676.6 624.5 666.6 678.1 676.8 681.6 690.2 704.3 734.2 84.8 82.5 74.8 66.2 64.5 64.8 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 78.4 81.7 107.4 171.9 198.8 206.7 212.5 219.2 229.1 242.5 262.2 8.7 9.4 11.9 18.2 19.2 19.7 

Black ............................................. 39.2 35.5 36.7 58.3 70.3 73.7 76.6 79.7 84.0 90.5 98.8 4.4 4.1 4.1 6.2 6.8 7.0 Hispanic ........................................ 18.1 20.4 27.0 44.5 52.6 54.6 56.1 57.9 59.6 62.7 69.0 2.0 2.3 3.0 4.7 5.1 5.2 Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 17.4 22.8 40.4 64.0 70.3 72.5 73.9 75.4 78.9 82.7 87.5 1.9 2.6 4.5 6.8 6.8 6.9 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 3.7 3.0 3.2 5.0 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.6 6.5 6.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 

Nonresident alien.............................. 57.7 71.0 120.2 147.1 167.5 162.4 157.7 160.2 169.1 175.5 177.7 6.4 8.1 13.3 15.6 16.2 15.5 

Female.................................................. 669.1 747.0 955.4 1,213.4 1,398.2 1,444.2 1,476.5 1,513.5 1,556.0 1,614.8 1,688.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 574.1 634.3 773.2 854.1 949.6 973.4 990.0 1,005.4 1,019.5 1,045.3 1,081.4 85.8 84.9 80.9 70.4 67.9 67.4 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 77.2 88.6 129.6 265.7 335.7 356.9 374.0 393.5 416.5 444.8 478.3 11.5 11.9 13.6 21.9 24.0 24.7 

Black ............................................. 50.5 52.4 63.1 123.1 160.0 172.6 182.6 194.2 206.8 224.7 243.6 7.5 7.0 6.6 10.1 11.4 11.9 Hispanic ........................................ 12.8 18.3 30.9 66.3 83.9 88.2 92.3 96.3 100.7 106.7 115.2 1.9 2.4 3.2 5.5 6.0 6.1 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 11.2 15.0 31.5 68.7 82.6 86.3 89.1 92.2 97.0 102.2 107.9 1.7 2.0 3.3 5.7 5.9 6.0 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 2.7 3.0 4.1 7.6 9.2 9.9 10.0 10.8 12.1 11.2 11.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 

Nonresident alien.............................. 17.8 24.1 52.5 93.6 112.9 113.9 112.4 114.6 120.1 124.8 128.7 2.7 3.2 5.5 7.7 8.1 7.9 

Table 235. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, attendance status, and level of student: Selected years, 1976 through 2009Race/ethnicity, sex, attendance status, and level of student

Fall enrollment (in thousands) Percentage distribution of 

1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 236. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and type and control of institution: Selected years, 1976 through 2009 Race/ethnicity of student and type and control of institution

Fall enrollment (in thousands) Percentage distribution of 

1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

All students, total........................ 10,985.6 12,086.8 13,818.6 15,312.3 16,911.5 17,272.0 17,487.5 17,758.9 18,248.1 19,102.8 20,427.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White .................................................... 9,076.1 9,833.0 10,722.5 10,462.1 11,280.9 11,422.8 11,495.4 11,572.4 11,756.2 12,088.8 12,730.8 82.6 81.4 77.6 68.3 66.7 66.1 Total, selected races/ethnicities ............ 1,690.8 1,948.8 2,704.7 4,321.5 5,032.9 5,259.1 5,407.2 5,590.6 5,867.4 6,353.5 7,012.1 15.4 16.1 19.6 28.2 29.8 30.4 

Black ................................................. 1,033.0 1,106.8 1,247.0 1,730.3 2,068.4 2,164.7 2,214.6 2,279.6 2,383.4 2,584.5 2,919.8 9.4 9.2 9.0 11.3 12.2 12.5 

Hispanic ............................................ 383.8 471.7 782.4 1,461.8 1,716.3 1,809.6 1,882.0 1,964.3 2,076.2 2,272.9 2,546.7 3.5 3.9 5.7 9.5 10.1 10.5 

Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 197.9 286.4 572.4 978.2 1,075.6 1,108.7 1,134.4 1,165.5 1,217.9 1,302.8 1,337.7 1.8 2.4 4.1 6.4 6.4 6.4 

American Indian/Alaska Native......... 76.1 83.9 102.8 151.2 172.6 176.1 176.3 181.1 190.0 193.3 207.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Nonresident alien.................................. 218.7 305.0 391.5 528.7 597.7 590.2 584.8 595.9 624.5 660.6 684.8 2.0 2.5 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 

Public.................................................... 8,641.0 9,456.4 10,844.7 11,752.8 12,858.7 12,980.1 13,021.8 13,180.1 13,490.8 13,972.2 14,810.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 7,094.5 7,656.1 8,385.4 7,963.4 8,534.0 8,546.3 8,518.2 8,540.5 8,640.3 8,817.7 9,234.6 82.1 81.0 77.3 67.8 66.4 65.8 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 1,401.2 1,596.2 2,199.2 3,446.3 3,936.7 4,062.4 4,130.8 4,256.6 4,448.8 4,727.5 5,135.2 16.2 16.9 20.3 29.3 30.6 31.3 

Black ............................................. 831.2 876.1 976.4 1,319.2 1,532.7 1,574.6 1,580.4 1,612.6 1,667.6 1,759.2 1,937.2 9.6 9.3 9.0 11.2 11.9 12.1 

Hispanic ........................................ 336.8 406.2 671.4 1,229.3 1,414.8 1,477.4 1,525.6 1,594.3 1,685.4 1,832.4 2,017.7 3.9 4.3 6.2 10.5 11.0 11.4 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 165.7 239.7 461.0 770.5 845.0 866.1 881.9 903.8 942.5 982.9 1,018.5 1.9 2.5 4.3 6.6 6.6 6.7 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 67.5 74.2 90.4 127.3 144.3 144.4 143.0 145.9 153.3 153.0 161.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 

Nonresident alien.............................. 145.3 204.2 260.0 343.1 387.9 371.4 372.8 383.1 401.7 427.0 440.8 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.9 

Private .................................................. 2,344.6 2,630.4 2,973.9 3,559.5 4,052.8 4,291.9 4,465.6 4,578.7 4,757.3 5,130.7 5,617.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 1,981.6 2,176.9 2,337.0 2,498.7 2,746.9 2,876.5 2,977.3 3,032.0 3,116.0 3,271.1 3,496.2 84.5 82.8 78.6 70.2 67.8 67.0 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 289.6 352.7 505.5 875.2 1,096.2 1,196.7 1,276.4 1,333.9 1,418.6 1,625.9 1,876.9 12.4 13.4 17.0 24.6 27.0 27.9 

Black ............................................. 201.8 230.7 270.6 411.1 535.7 590.1 634.2 667.0 715.7 825.3 982.7 8.6 8.8 9.1 11.5 13.2 13.7 

Hispanic ........................................ 47.0 65.6 111.0 232.5 301.5 332.2 356.4 370.1 390.7 440.5 529.0 2.0 2.5 3.7 6.5 7.4 7.7 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 32.2 46.7 111.5 207.7 230.6 242.6 252.4 261.7 275.4 319.9 319.1 1.4 1.8 3.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 8.6 9.7 12.4 23.9 28.4 31.8 33.3 35.2 36.7 40.3 46.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 

Nonresident alien.............................. 73.4 100.8 131.4 185.6 209.7 218.8 212.0 212.8 222.8 233.6 244.0 3.1 3.8 4.4 5.2 5.2 5.1 

4-year, total .................................. 7,106.5 7,565.4 8,578.6 9,363.9 10,417.2 10,726.2 10,999.4 11,240.3 11,630.2 12,131.4 12,906.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White .................................................... 5,999.0 6,274.5 6,768.1 6,658.0 7,202.8 7,359.0 7,496.9 7,603.4 7,781.0 7,987.1 8,357.4 84.4 82.9 78.9 71.1 69.1 68.6 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ............ 931.0 1,049.9 1,486.1 2,266.1 2,713.0 2,868.0 3,009.5 3,134.4 3,320.5 3,588.4 3,964.4 13.1 13.9 17.3 24.2 26.0 26.7 

Black ................................................. 603.7 634.3 722.8 995.4 1,188.5 1,258.9 1,313.4 1,361.7 1,441.7 1,565.0 1,767.0 8.5 8.4 8.4 10.6 11.4 11.7 

Hispanic ............................................ 173.6 216.6 358.2 617.9 783.7 837.2 900.5 950.0 1,008.7 1,092.2 1,237.7 2.4 2.9 4.2 6.6 7.5 7.8 

Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 118.7 162.1 357.2 576.3 650.3 678.0 700.0 722.7 761.5 823.4 842.0 1.7 2.1 4.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 American Indian/Alaska Native......... 35.0 36.9 47.9 76.5 90.4 93.9 95.6 100.0 108.6 107.8 117.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 

Nonresident alien.................................. 176.5 240.9 324.3 439.7 501.5 499.2 493.1 502.5 528.7 555.9 584.6 2.5 3.2 3.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 

Public.................................................... 4,892.9 5,127.6 5,848.2 6,055.4 6,649.4 6,736.5 6,837.6 6,955.0 7,166.7 7,331.8 7,709.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 4,120.2 4,243.0 4,605.6 4,311.2 4,611.0 4,642.9 4,678.1 4,720.8 4,813.6 4,879.2 5,057.8 84.2 82.7 78.8 71.2 69.3 68.9 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 666.7 740.8 1,046.2 1,486.4 1,744.7 1,811.5 1,876.9 1,942.8 2,045.3 2,128.2 2,307.6 13.6 14.4 17.9 24.5 26.2 26.9 

Black ............................................. 421.8 438.2 495.1 627.8 717.9 741.2 754.0 770.1 801.7 827.3 896.7 8.6 8.5 8.5 10.4 10.8 11.0 

Hispanic ........................................ 129.3 156.4 262.5 420.0 528.4 555.8 595.6 629.8 668.6 709.9 794.1 2.6 3.1 4.5 6.9 7.9 8.3 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 87.5 117.2 250.6 381.3 432.0 447.4 460.1 473.2 498.5 518.3 540.1 1.8 2.3 4.3 6.3 6.5 6.6 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 28.2 29.0 38.0 57.2 66.4 67.0 67.2 69.7 76.5 72.6 76.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 

Nonresident alien.............................. 106.0 143.8 196.4 257.8 293.8 282.2 282.6 291.4 307.8 324.4 343.7 2.2 2.8 3.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 

Private .................................................. 2,213.6 2,437.8 2,730.3 3,308.5 3,767.8 3,989.6 4,161.8 4,285.3 4,463.5 4,799.6 5,197.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 1,878.8 2,031.5 2,162.5 2,346.9 2,591.8 2,716.1 2,818.8 2,882.6 2,967.5 3,107.9 3,299.5 84.9 83.3 79.2 70.9 68.8 68.1 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 264.3 309.2 439.8 779.7 968.3 1,056.5 1,132.5 1,191.6 1,275.3 1,460.2 1,656.7 11.9 12.7 16.1 23.6 25.7 26.5 

Black ............................................. 182.0 196.1 227.7 367.6 470.7 517.7 559.4 591.6 640.0 737.6 870.3 8.2 8.0 8.3 11.1 12.5 13.0 

Hispanic ........................................ 44.3 60.2 95.7 197.9 255.3 281.3 304.9 320.2 340.1 382.3 443.6 2.0 2.5 3.5 6.0 6.8 7.1 Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 31.2 44.9 106.6 195.0 218.3 230.6 239.8 249.5 263.1 305.1 301.8 1.4 1.8 3.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 6.8 7.9 9.9 19.3 23.9 26.9 28.4 30.3 32.1 35.2 41.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 

Nonresident alien.............................. 70.5 97.1 127.9 181.9 207.7 217.0 210.4 211.1 220.8 231.5 240.8 3.2 4.0 4.7 5.5 5.5 5.4 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Because of underreporting and nonreporting of racial/ethnic data, some figures are slightly lower than corresponding data in other tables. Data through 1990 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the ear- lier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St

Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities” surveys, 197Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IP2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

2-year, total .................................. 3,879.1 4,521.4 5,240.1 5,948.4 6,494.2 6,545.9 6,488.1 6,518.5 6,617.9 6,971.4 7,521.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White .................................................... 3,077.1 3,558.5 3,954.3 3,804.1 4,078.1 4,063.8 3,998.6 3,969.1 3,975.2 4,101.6 4,373.4 79.3 78.7 75.5 64.0 62.8 62.1 Total, selected races/ethnicities ............ 759.8 898.9 1,218.6 2,055.4 2,319.9 2,391.2 2,397.7 2,456.1 2,546.9 2,765.0 3,047.8 19.6 19.9 23.3 34.6 35.7 36.5 

Black ................................................. 429.3 472.5 524.3 734.9 879.8 905.8 901.1 917.9 941.7 1,019.5 1,152.8 11.1 10.4 10.0 12.4 13.5 13.8 Hispanic ............................................ 210.2 255.1 424.2 843.9 932.5 972.4 981.5 1,014.3 1,067.4 1,180.7 1,309.0 5.4 5.6 8.1 14.2 14.4 14.9 Asian/Pacific Islander........................ 79.2 124.3 215.2 401.9 425.3 430.7 434.4 442.8 456.4 479.4 495.7 2.0 2.8 4.1 6.8 6.5 6.6 

American Indian/Alaska Native......... 41.2 47.0 54.9 74.7 82.3 82.2 80.7 81.1 81.4 85.5 90.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 

Nonresident alien.................................. 42.2 64.1 67.1 89.0 96.2 90.9 91.8 93.4 95.8 104.7 100.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 

Public.................................................... 3,748.1 4,328.8 4,996.5 5,697.4 6,209.3 6,243.6 6,184.2 6,225.1 6,324.1 6,640.3 7,101.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 2,974.3 3,413.1 3,779.8 3,652.2 3,923.1 3,903.4 3,840.1 3,819.7 3,826.7 3,938.5 4,176.8 79.4 78.8 75.7 64.1 63.2 62.5 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 734.5 855.4 1,153.0 1,959.9 2,192.0 2,251.0 2,253.9 2,313.8 2,403.6 2,599.3 2,827.6 19.6 19.8 23.1 34.4 35.3 36.1 

Black ............................................. 409.5 437.9 481.4 691.4 814.8 833.4 826.3 842.5 865.9 931.9 1,040.4 10.9 10.1 9.6 12.1 13.1 13.3 Hispanic ........................................ 207.5 249.8 408.9 809.2 886.4 921.6 930.0 964.4 1,016.8 1,122.5 1,223.6 5.5 5.8 8.2 14.2 14.3 14.8 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 78.2 122.5 210.3 389.2 413.0 418.6 421.8 430.6 444.1 464.5 478.4 2.1 2.8 4.2 6.8 6.7 6.7 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 39.3 45.2 52.4 70.1 77.8 77.4 75.7 76.2 76.8 80.4 85.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 

Nonresident alien.............................. 39.2 60.3 63.6 85.2 94.1 89.2 90.2 91.6 93.9 102.6 97.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 

Private .................................................. 131.0 192.6 243.6 251.0 285.0 302.3 303.8 293.4 293.8 331.0 420.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

White................................................. 102.8 145.4 174.5 151.8 155.1 160.4 158.4 149.4 148.5 163.2 196.6 78.5 75.5 71.6 60.5 54.4 53.1 

Total, selected races/ethnicities ........ 25.3 43.5 65.6 95.5 127.9 140.2 143.8 142.3 143.3 165.7 220.2 19.3 22.6 26.9 38.0 44.9 46.4 

Black ............................................. 19.8 34.6 42.9 43.5 65.0 72.5 74.8 75.4 75.7 87.7 112.4 15.1 17.9 17.6 17.3 22.8 24.0 

Hispanic ........................................ 2.6 5.3 15.3 34.7 46.2 50.8 51.4 49.8 50.6 58.2 85.4 2.0 2.8 6.3 13.8 16.2 16.8 

Asian/Pacific Islander.................... 0.9 1.8 4.9 12.7 12.3 12.1 12.6 12.2 12.3 14.8 17.3 0.7 0.9 2.0 5.1 4.3 4.0 

American Indian/Alaska Native ..... 1.8 1.8 2.5 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.6 5.0 5.1 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 

Nonresident alien.............................. 3.0 3.7 3.5 3.8 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 3.2 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.5 0.7 0.6 

Table 236. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and type and control of institution: Selected years, 1976 through 2009Race/ethnicity of student and type and control of institution

Fall enrollment (in thousands) Percentage distribution of 

1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1976 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 237. Fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and state or jurisdiction: 2009 State or jurisdiction

Number Percentage distribut

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

United States .................................. 20,427,711 12,730,780 2,919,826 2,546,710 1,337,671 207,917 684,807 100.0 62.3 14.3 12.5 

Alabama ................................................... 311,740 196,790 94,302 6,492 5,235 2,601 6,320 100.0 63.1 30.3 2.1 

Alaska....................................................... 32,406 23,628 1,091 1,149 1,757 4,184 597 100.0 72.9 3.4 3.5 Arizona ..................................................... 828,631 497,461 133,415 124,983 29,623 22,669 20,480 100.0 60.0 16.1 15.1 

Arkansas................................................... 168,352 121,219 33,147 5,117 3,052 1,781 4,036 100.0 72.0 19.7 3.0 

California .................................................. 2,735,579 1,077,169 223,827 829,598 492,564 22,791 89,630 100.0 39.4 8.2 30.3 

Colorado ................................................... 352,034 253,720 28,175 43,281 14,192 5,461 7,205 100.0 72.1 8.0 12.3 

Connecticut............................................... 191,806 131,675 22,213 20,141 9,269 695 7,813 100.0 68.7 11.6 10.5 

Delaware................................................... 55,174 36,835 11,530 2,637 2,186 188 1,798 100.0 66.8 20.9 4.8 

District of Columbia .................................. 136,851 58,897 55,399 7,200 8,355 706 6,294 100.0 43.0 40.5 5.3 

Florida....................................................... 1,053,221 556,680 202,182 220,610 38,517 5,019 30,213 100.0 52.9 19.2 20.9 

Georgia..................................................... 532,493 292,413 182,151 19,435 21,816 1,949 14,729 100.0 54.9 34.2 3.6 

Hawaii....................................................... 74,809 18,090 1,722 3,322 46,313 446 4,916 100.0 24.2 2.3 4.4 

Idaho......................................................... 84,450 73,353 948 5,072 1,888 1,219 1,970 100.0 86.9 1.1 6.0 Illinois........................................................ 900,824 559,591 140,536 114,735 53,343 3,280 29,339 100.0 62.1 15.6 12.7 

Indiana...................................................... 441,294 351,369 45,791 15,703 9,952 1,762 16,717 100.0 79.6 10.4 3.6 

Iowa .......................................................... 350,631 268,332 36,150 21,342 10,749 2,583 11,475 100.0 76.5 10.3 6.1 

Kansas...................................................... 210,843 163,525 14,837 11,685 5,656 3,506 11,634 100.0 77.6 7.0 5.5 Kentucky ................................................... 277,907 236,229 28,598 4,281 3,609 982 4,208 100.0 85.0 10.3 1.5 

Louisiana .................................................. 251,853 151,097 78,669 7,299 5,829 1,833 7,126 100.0 60.0 31.2 2.9 Maine........................................................ 70,170 63,464 1,687 1,233 1,407 1,036 1,343 100.0 90.4 2.4 1.8 Maryland................................................... 358,941 196,157 104,938 16,267 25,396 1,560 14,623 100.0 54.6 29.2 4.5 

Massachusetts.......................................... 497,290 342,550 43,248 39,038 37,418 2,061 32,975 100.0 68.9 8.7 7.9 

Michigan ................................................... 686,049 509,320 101,671 20,952 23,008 6,385 24,713 100.0 74.2 14.8 3.1 Minnesota ................................................. 442,281 340,261 51,991 12,717 19,967 5,281 12,064 100.0 76.9 11.8 2.9 

Mississippi ................................................ 173,136 96,574 70,040 1,859 1,699 701 2,263 100.0 55.8 40.5 1.1 

Missouri .................................................... 424,944 324,124 59,770 13,725 11,997 2,723 12,605 100.0 76.3 14.1 3.2 

Montana.................................................... 51,588 42,883 566 1,214 736 5,045 1,144 100.0 83.1 1.1 2.4 Nebraska .................................................. 138,645 115,365 7,747 6,581 3,567 1,370 4,015 100.0 83.2 5.6 4.7 

Nevada ..................................................... 125,320 71,516 10,969 24,251 14,449 1,526 2,609 100.0 57.1 8.8 19.4 

New Hampshire ........................................ 74,234 64,366 2,038 2,953 2,192 568 2,117 100.0 86.7 2.7 4.0 

New Jersey ............................................... 432,127 245,433 62,825 67,690 37,488 1,370 17,321 100.0 56.8 14.5 15.7 

New Mexico .............................................. 152,752 62,147 5,098 64,839 3,165 13,993 3,510 100.0 40.7 3.3 42.4 New York................................................... 1,289,604 749,077 183,482 161,351 109,992 5,640 80,062 100.0 58.1 14.2 12.5 North Carolina .......................................... 568,865 368,984 142,866 20,991 15,646 6,901 13,477 100.0 64.9 25.1 3.7 

North Dakota ............................................ 54,433 45,579 1,130 697 646 3,540 2,841 100.0 83.7 2.1 1.3 Ohio .......................................................... 711,095 555,596 99,094 17,026 15,899 2,980 20,500 100.0 78.1 13.9 2.4 

Oklahoma ................................................. 220,650 150,872 22,078 10,177 5,951 22,632 8,940 100.0 68.4 10.0 4.6 

Oregon...................................................... 243,412 191,978 6,900 16,940 15,978 4,514 7,102 100.0 78.9 2.8 7.0 Pennsylvania............................................. 778,123 590,734 87,946 33,913 35,095 2,478 27,957 100.0 75.9 11.3 4.4 

Rhode Island ............................................ 84,673 64,528 5,403 6,785 3,898 397 3,662 100.0 76.2 6.4 8.0 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 #Rounds to zero. NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statis

Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

South Carolina.......................................... 246,667 162,776 69,554 5,725 4,108 934 3,570 100.0 66.0 28.2 2.3 South Dakota............................................ 53,342 45,689 1,099 863 607 3,839 1,245 100.0 85.7 2.1 1.6 Tennessee ................................................ 332,918 241,043 69,274 8,422 6,702 1,247 6,230 100.0 72.4 20.8 2.5 

Texas ........................................................ 1,447,868 682,891 193,287 430,457 80,169 7,998 53,066 100.0 47.2 13.3 29.7 

Utah .......................................................... 236,590 199,608 4,656 14,413 8,657 2,717 6,539 100.0 84.4 2.0 6.1 Vermont .................................................... 44,975 40,514 1,068 1,184 1,106 240 863 100.0 90.1 2.4 2.6 Virginia...................................................... 545,036 346,927 119,457 27,956 33,028 2,707 14,961 100.0 63.7 21.9 5.1 Washington............................................... 382,532 277,383 18,098 29,390 37,984 6,201 13,476 100.0 72.5 4.7 7.7 West Virginia............................................. 142,484 119,069 12,136 5,406 2,379 726 2,768 100.0 83.6 8.5 3.8 Wisconsin ................................................. 373,228 310,658 23,744 14,058 12,124 4,097 8,547 100.0 83.2 6.4 3.8 Wyoming................................................... 37,093 32,480 463 2,044 396 722 988 100.0 87.6 1.2 5.5 U.S. Service Academies........................... 15,748 12,161 820 1,511 912 133 211 100.0 77.2 5.2 9.6 

Other jurisdictions .......................... 243,792 563 2,215 226,800 13,128 24 1,062 100.0 0.2 0.9 93.0 

American Samoa...................................... 2,189 6 0 2 2,003 1 177 100.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 

Federated States of Micronesia................ 3,401 3 0 0 3,398 0 0 100.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 

Guam........................................................ 5,755 200 32 44 5,420 10 49 100.0 3.5 0.6 0.8 

Marshall Islands........................................ 847 0 0 0 842 0 5 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Northern Marianas ................................... 989 0 1 1 748 0 239 100.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 

Palau......................................................... 651 0 0 0 651 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Puerto Rico............................................... 227,358 238 82 226,569 53 9 407 100.0 0.1 # 99.7 

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 2,602 116 2,100 184 13 4 185 100.0 4.5 80.7 7.1 

Table 237. Fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and state or jurisdiction: 2009—Continued State or jurisdiction

Number Percentage distribut

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 238. Fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and by state or jurisdiction: 2008 State or jurisdiction

Number Percentage distribut

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

United States .................................. 19,102,814 12,088,781 2,584,478 2,272,888 1,302,797 193,289 660,581 100.0 63.3 13.5 11.9 

Alabama ................................................... 310,941 199,837 90,446 7,066 5,198 2,536 5,858 100.0 64.3 29.1 2.3 

Alaska....................................................... 30,717 21,392 1,041 1,276 1,837 4,329 842 100.0 69.6 3.4 4.2 Arizona ..................................................... 704,245 429,869 101,276 106,780 25,489 20,032 20,799 100.0 61.0 14.4 15.2 

Arkansas................................................... 158,374 114,839 29,981 5,277 2,795 1,805 3,677 100.0 72.5 18.9 3.3 

California .................................................. 2,652,241 1,066,385 216,554 764,410 491,873 24,635 88,384 100.0 40.2 8.2 28.8 

Colorado ................................................... 325,232 239,719 22,548 38,204 12,967 4,776 7,018 100.0 73.7 6.9 11.7 

Connecticut............................................... 184,178 128,546 20,710 17,649 8,631 611 8,031 100.0 69.8 11.2 9.6 

Delaware................................................... 53,088 36,057 10,726 2,303 2,140 176 1,686 100.0 67.9 20.2 4.3 

District of Columbia .................................. 126,110 55,529 49,143 6,746 8,081 629 5,982 100.0 44.0 39.0 5.3 

Florida....................................................... 972,699 527,133 178,502 197,330 35,480 4,277 29,977 100.0 54.2 18.4 20.3 

Georgia..................................................... 476,581 271,277 153,597 15,909 20,144 1,576 14,078 100.0 56.9 32.2 3.3 

Hawaii....................................................... 70,104 17,204 1,577 2,237 43,579 382 5,125 100.0 24.5 2.2 3.2 

Idaho......................................................... 80,456 70,007 851 4,551 1,849 1,072 2,126 100.0 87.0 1.1 5.7 Illinois........................................................ 859,242 544,284 128,408 105,411 50,374 2,987 27,778 100.0 63.3 14.9 12.3 

Indiana...................................................... 401,956 323,978 38,515 13,483 9,122 1,538 15,320 100.0 80.6 9.6 3.4 

Iowa .......................................................... 286,891 218,295 18,612 10,539 29,465 1,589 8,391 100.0 76.1 6.5 3.7 

Kansas...................................................... 198,991 156,395 13,004 10,510 5,258 3,363 10,461 100.0 78.6 6.5 5.3 Kentucky ................................................... 257,583 221,049 24,463 3,725 3,280 818 4,248 100.0 85.8 9.5 1.4 

Louisiana .................................................. 236,375 144,792 71,320 6,298 5,575 1,706 6,684 100.0 61.3 30.2 2.7 Maine........................................................ 67,796 61,778 1,451 1,041 1,321 958 1,247 100.0 91.1 2.1 1.5 Maryland................................................... 338,914 188,394 95,918 14,871 23,943 1,460 14,328 100.0 55.6 28.3 4.4 Massachusetts.......................................... 477,056 334,907 39,942 34,159 35,567 1,998 30,483 100.0 70.2 8.4 7.2 

Michigan ................................................... 652,799 489,548 91,614 19,112 22,381 5,477 24,667 100.0 75.0 14.0 2.9 Minnesota ................................................. 411,055 323,793 41,034 10,128 18,878 5,088 12,134 100.0 78.8 10.0 2.5 

Mississippi ................................................ 160,441 91,364 63,030 1,645 1,580 678 2,144 100.0 56.9 39.3 1.0 

Missouri .................................................... 396,409 307,449 51,397 12,414 10,659 2,550 11,940 100.0 77.6 13.0 3.1 

Montana.................................................... 47,840 40,324 338 946 650 4,454 1,128 100.0 84.3 0.7 2.0 Nebraska .................................................. 130,458 110,434 6,359 5,592 3,388 1,084 3,601 100.0 84.7 4.9 4.3 

Nevada ..................................................... 120,490 70,446 10,217 20,734 14,626 1,700 2,767 100.0 58.5 8.5 17.2 

New Hampshire ........................................ 71,739 63,703 1,557 2,071 1,904 537 1,967 100.0 88.8 2.2 2.9 

New Jersey ............................................... 410,160 236,420 58,324 60,887 35,480 1,302 17,747 100.0 57.6 14.2 14.8 

New Mexico .............................................. 142,413 59,204 4,419 58,749 2,837 12,912 4,292 100.0 41.6 3.1 41.3 New York................................................... 1,234,858 725,899 172,500 148,670 104,298 5,066 78,425 100.0 58.8 14.0 12.0 North Carolina .......................................... 528,977 348,983 128,676 17,455 14,961 6,344 12,558 100.0 66.0 24.3 3.3 

North Dakota ............................................ 51,327 43,435 963 630 562 3,150 2,587 100.0 84.6 1.9 1.2 

Ohio .......................................................... 653,585 518,970 83,104 14,968 14,707 2,727 19,109 100.0 79.4 12.7 2.3 

Oklahoma ................................................. 206,757 142,831 19,433 8,793 5,540 21,106 9,054 100.0 69.1 9.4 4.3 

Oregon...................................................... 220,474 174,776 5,937 14,479 14,846 3,866 6,570 100.0 79.3 2.7 6.6 Pennsylvania............................................. 740,288 569,310 80,331 28,136 33,475 2,095 26,941 100.0 76.9 10.9 3.8 

Rhode Island ............................................ 83,893 64,408 5,203 6,617 3,913 433 3,319 100.0 76.8 6.2 7.9 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 #Rounds to zero. NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statis

Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009. (This table was prepared September 200

South Carolina.......................................... 230,695 154,165 63,614 4,621 3,920 915 3,460 100.0 66.8 27.6 2.0 South Dakota............................................ 50,444 43,666 851 595 553 3,579 1,200 100.0 86.6 1.7 1.2 

Tennessee ................................................ 307,610 226,329 61,323 6,598 6,320 1,173 5,867 100.0 73.6 19.9 2.1 

Texas ........................................................ 1,327,148 647,092 170,169 377,176 73,325 7,078 52,308 100.0 48.8 12.8 28.4 

Utah .......................................................... 217,224 184,828 3,642 12,645 7,757 2,323 6,029 100.0 85.1 1.7 5.8 Vermont .................................................... 42,946 38,802 926 1,050 1,063 248 857 100.0 90.4 2.2 2.4 Virginia...................................................... 500,796 327,310 103,226 22,944 31,281 2,514 13,521 100.0 65.4 20.6 4.6 Washington............................................... 362,535 265,756 16,684 26,469 34,961 6,169 12,496 100.0 73.3 4.6 7.3 West Virginia............................................. 125,333 107,184 9,141 3,596 2,182 635 2,595 100.0 85.5 7.3 2.9 

Wisconsin ................................................. 352,875 296,715 20,743 12,151 11,428 4,038 7,800 100.0 84.1 5.9 3.4 

Wyoming................................................... 35,936 31,778 398 1,869 441 644 806 100.0 88.4 1.1 5.2 U.S. Service Academies........................... 15,539 12,193 740 1,373 913 151 169 100.0 78.5 4.8 8.8 

Other jurisdictions .......................... 236,167 633 2,025 221,700 10,575 29 1,205 100.0 0.3 0.9 93.9 

American Samoa...................................... 1,806 4 0 2 1,599 0 201 100.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 Federated States of Micronesia................ 2,457 0 0 0 2,457 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Guam........................................................ 5,351 227 40 43 4,708 11 322 100.0 4.2 0.7 0.8 

Marshall Islands........................................ 689 0 0 0 689 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Northern Marianas ................................... 791 15 1 2 587 0 186 100.0 1.9 0.1 0.3 

Palau......................................................... 502 0 0 25 476 0 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 

Puerto Rico............................................... 222,178 249 59 221,474 43 14 339 100.0 0.1 # 99.7 

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 2,393 138 1,925 154 16 4 156 100.0 5.8 80.4 6.4 

Table 238. Fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity of student and by state or jurisdiction: 2008—Continued State or jurisdiction

Number Percentage distribut

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 239. Fall enrollment of specific racial/ethnic groups in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution and percentage of students in the sa

group: 2009

Racial/ethnic group and percentage of total enrollment of institution

Total, all

institution

types

Public institutions Not-for-profit institutions 

Total

Research

university,

very high1

 Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 Special focus6 2-year Total

Research

university,

very high1

 Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 Specia

focus

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1All institutionsTotal enrollment ......................... 20,427,711 14,810,642 2,048,560 1,493,987 407,190 2,626,164 1,043,783 89,513 7,101,445 3,765,083 501,175 319,342 338,731 1,363,862 864,684 342,52

White...................................... 12,730,780 9,234,619 1,371,800 999,033 284,441 1,696,585 650,368 55,598 4,176,794 2,546,585 276,130 214,168 208,107 966,349 625,542 236,51Black ...................................... 2,919,826 1,937,163 123,883 173,423 71,615 369,787 150,875 7,146 1,040,434 461,227 33,092 32,261 42,265 176,424 136,540 33,01Hispanic ................................. 2,546,710 2,017,703 156,967 141,656 21,437 303,517 164,775 5,731 1,223,620 270,165 36,218 19,299 38,581 107,982 45,883 18,88Asian/Pacific Islander............. 1,337,671 1,018,540 230,532 85,894 14,071 152,116 46,626 10,910 478,391 246,467 75,217 24,324 28,647 59,739 27,256 29,54American Indian/

Alaska Native................... 207,917 161,824 14,737 15,870 2,690 25,262 11,571 6,552 85,142 25,905 2,726 1,698 1,749 8,150 5,296 4,91

Nonresident alien................... 684,807 440,793 150,641 78,111 12,936 78,897 19,568 3,576 97,064 214,734 77,792 27,592 19,382 45,218 24,167 19,65

White enrollment, by 

percentage White

Less than 10.0 percent .............. 31,953 26,480 0 1,344 940 6,038 6,743 176 11,239 2,122 0 10 0 717 875 4410.0 to 24.9 percent................... 187,843 155,709 4,054 8,472 3,796 14,211 8,282 108 116,786 9,145 0 2,189 0 3,896 1,593 8325.0 to 49.9 percent................... 1,382,565 1,068,214 89,398 78,631 0 206,916 50,794 7,539 634,936 160,876 44,931 7,206 44,643 34,564 14,389 12,5050.0 to 74.9 percent................... 5,092,399 3,330,177 581,144 440,242 100,714 396,238 210,900 22,268 1,578,671 1,128,623 225,743 125,959 116,670 410,074 145,299 96,7875.0 to 89.9 percent................... 4,837,031 3,727,814 697,204 422,249 170,095 849,023 274,206 25,460 1,289,577 1,003,471 5,456 78,804 45,990 447,272 332,103 88,4790.0 percent or more ................. 1,198,989 926,225 0 48,095 8,896 224,159 99,443 47 545,585 242,348 0 0 804 69,826 131,283 37,46

Black enrollment, by 

percentage Black

Less than 10.0 percent .............. 567,176 421,535 89,581 43,875 7,996 79,198 19,277 3,368 178,240 131,871 30,420 18,239 9,096 39,373 23,549 10,82

10.0 to 24.9 percent................... 887,749 652,841 25,150 90,015 31,554 97,589 57,629 2,871 348,033 156,469 2,672 2,008 17,472 83,961 35,584 12,7725.0 to 49.9 percent................... 865,935 496,103 9,152 22,058 3,397 80,473 40,092 555 340,376 77,331 0 0 15,697 38,660 16,231 3,84

50.0 to 74.9 percent................... 253,893 137,463 0 0 0 2,753 9,941 352 124,417 18,771 0 0 0 5,282 9,232 2,4275.0 to 89.9 percent................... 167,463 117,389 0 9,294 6,651 48,250 16,267 0 36,927 19,071 0 8,214 0 4,244 4,308 1,91

90.0 percent or more ................. 177,610 111,832 0 8,181 22,017 61,524 7,669 0 12,441 57,714 0 3,800 0 4,904 47,636 1,22Hispanic enrollment, by 

percentage Hispanic

Less than 10.0 percent .............. 532,328 326,645 57,721 37,000 13,041 62,028 26,931 2,820 127,104 137,857 27,581 15,304 11,113 43,032 28,288 11,51

10.0 to 24.9 percent................... 691,339 533,216 84,457 47,766 3,350 72,468 30,043 2,094 293,038 98,944 8,637 3,995 21,733 45,604 12,567 5,2825.0 to 49.9 percent................... 839,365 733,374 14,789 16,934 0 115,694 38,644 817 546,496 21,154 0 0 5,735 11,497 2,067 6850.0 to 74.9 percent................... 313,881 274,351 0 23,917 5,046 15,761 43,262 0 186,365 8,363 0 0 0 7,849 374 1475.0 to 89.9 percent................... 121,635 110,284 0 16,039 0 31,735 894 0 61,616 3,490 0 0 0 0 2,587 9090.0 percent or more ................. 48,162 39,833 0 0 0 5,831 25,001 0 9,001 357 0 0 0 0 0 35Asian/Pacific Islander 

enrollment, by percentage Asian/Pacific Islander

Less than 10.0 percent .............. 536,966 391,072 79,059 36,879 12,270 59,612 23,956 1,602 177,694 96,489 4,417 14,276 12,664 37,698 19,227 7,42

10.0 to 24.9 percent................... 512,656 363,833 66,676 49,015 1,801 48,127 15,638 7,190 175,386 131,298 70,262 10,048 12,650 18,387 6,965 12,5025.0 to 49.9 percent................... 229,922 210,325 58,959 0 0 44,377 1,118 2,118 103,753 16,353 538 0 3,333 2,241 1,064 8,6950.0 to 74.9 percent................... 46,141 43,471 25,838 0 0 0 5,914 0 11,719 2,033 0 0 0 1,413 0 6275.0 to 89.9 percent................... 11,692 9,839 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,839 0 0 0 0 0 0 90.0 percent or more ................. 294 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 294 0 0 0 0 0 29

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Research universities with a very high level of research activity. 2Research universities with a high level of research activity.3Institutions that award at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but did not have high levels of research activity.4Institutions that award at least 50 master’s degrees per year. 5Institutions that primarily emphasize undergraduate education. Also includes institutions classified as 4-year under the IPEDSsystem, which had been classified as 2-year in the Carnegie system because they primarily award associate’s degrees. 6Four-year institutions that award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as medicine, business, fine arts, theology, and

engineering. 

NOTE: Relative levels of research activity for research universities were detement expenditures, science and engineering research staffing, and doctoral dethe research index ranking may be obtained from http://www.carnegiefoundatio

Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatiData System (IPEDS), Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

American Indian/Alaska 

Native enrollment, by percentage American Indian/Alaska Native

Less than 10.0 percent .............. 165,504 125,650 14,737 14,153 2,690 18,742 8,629 817 65,882 21,139 2,726 1,698 1,749 8,029 4,931 1,8710.0 to 24.9 percent................... 12,296 10,831 0 1,717 0 2,643 2,942 0 3,529 188 0 0 0 121 0 225.0 to 49.9 percent................... 12,302 11,981 0 0 0 3,877 0 0 8,104 321 0 0 0 0 321 50.0 to 74.9 percent................... 2,755 478 0 0 0 0 0 0 478 2,081 0 0 0 0 44 2,0375.0 to 89.9 percent................... 5,086 4,990 0 0 0 0 0 804 4,186 96 0 0 0 0 0 90.0 percent or more ................. 9,974 7,894 0 0 0 0 0 4,931 2,963 2,080 0 0 0 0 0 97Nonresident alien enrollment, 

by percentage nonresident alien

Less than 10.0 percent .............. 483,042 370,829 108,885 68,919 12,936 71,003 17,905 2,807 88,374 89,835 3,804 11,657 14,033 33,297 19,604 7,11

10.0 to 24.9 percent................... 175,468 66,475 41,756 9,192 0 4,405 1,663 769 8,690 103,126 67,409 11,195 3,625 8,577 3,245 8,7625.0 to 49.9 percent................... 22,162 3,489 0 0 0 3,489 0 0 0 18,365 6,579 4,740 1,724 2,256 978 1,7950.0 to 74.9 percent................... 1,297 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,297 0 0 0 0 143 1,1575.0 to 89.9 percent................... 2,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,633 0 0 0 904 197 5390.0 percent or more ................. 478 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 478 0 0 0 184 0 29

Table 239. Fall enrollment of specific racial/ethnic groups in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution and percentage of students in the sa

group: 2009—Continued

Racial/ethnic group and percentage of total enrollment of institution

Total, all

institution

types

Public institutions Not-for-profit institutions 

Total

Research

university,

very high1

 Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 Special focus6 2-year Total

Research

university,

very high1

 Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 Specia

focus

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 341

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1First-professional includes chiropractic medicine, medicine, dentistry, optometry, osteopathic medicine, pharmacy, podiatry, veterinary medicine, law, and theology.

2Students with disabilities are those who reported that they had one or more of the following conditions: a specific learning disability, a visual handicap, hard of hearing, deafness, a

speech disability, an orthopedic handicap, or a health impairment.

NOTE: Data are based on a sample survey of students who enrolled at any time during the

school year. Data include Puerto Rico. Detail may not sum to totals because of survey item

nonresponse and rounding. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2003–04 and 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:04 and

NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared October 2009.)

Table 240. Number and percentage distribution of students enrolled in postsecondary institutions, by level, disability status, and selected 

student characteristics: 2003–04 and 2007–08

Selected student characteristic

Undergraduate Graduate and first-professional,1

 2007–08

2003–04 2007–08

All students

Students with

disabilities2

Nondisabled

All students students

Students with

disabilities2

Nondisabled

students All students

Students with

disabilities2

Nondisabled

students

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Number of students (in thousands) ................. 19,054 (—) 2,154 (—) 16,900 (—) 20,928 (—) 2,266 (—) 18,662 (—) 3,456 (—) 261 (—) 3,195 (—)

Percentage distribution .................................... 100.0 (†) 11.3 (0.18) 88.7 (0.18) 100.0 (†) 10.8 (0.18) 89.2 (0.18) 100.0 (†) 7.6 (0.47) 92.4 (0.47)

Sex (percent) ................................................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

Male ............................................................. 42.4 (0.34) 42.0 (0.82) 42.5 (0.35) 43.1 (0.60) 42.7 (0.84) 43.1 (0.62) 40.1 (0.71) 39.2 (2.87) 40.2 (0.70)

Female......................................................... 57.6 (0.34) 58.0 (0.82) 57.5 (0.35) 56.9 (0.60) 57.3 (0.84) 56.9 (0.62) 59.9 (0.71) 60.8 (2.87) 59.8 (0.70)

Race/ethnicity of student (percent).................. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

White............................................................ 62.9 (0.71) 65.0 (0.86) 62.6 (0.74) 61.8 (0.52) 66.3 (0.80) 61.2 (0.53) 66.6 (0.89) 63.6 (3.70) 66.9 (0.93)

Black ............................................................ 14.0 (0.60) 13.2 (0.73) 14.1 (0.61) 14.0 (0.28) 12.7 (0.51) 14.1 (0.29) 11.7 (0.61) 19.0 (4.24) 11.1 (0.58)

Hispanic ....................................................... 12.9 (0.39) 12.3 (0.55) 13.0 (0.40) 14.1 (0.44) 12.3 (0.61) 14.4 (0.46) 8.0 (0.38) 7.4 (1.21) 8.0 (0.41)

Asian/Pacific Islander................................... 5.9 (0.30) 3.9 (0.40) 6.2 (0.31) 6.6 (0.19) 4.8 (0.36) 6.8 (0.19) 11.1 (0.50) 7.3 (1.08) 11.4 (0.51)

American Indian/Alaska Native.................... 0.9 (0.10) 1.2 (0.17) 0.9 (0.11) 0.8 (0.09) 0.8 (0.12) 0.9 (0.09) 0.3 (0.07) 0.5 (0.48) 0.3 (0.06)

Other............................................................ 3.3 (0.16) 4.5 (0.35) 3.2 (0.15) 2.7 (0.13) 3.2 (0.25) 2.6 (0.13) 2.3 (0.19) 2.3 (0.61) 2.3 (0.19)

Age (percent)................................................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

15 to 23........................................................ 57.7 (0.51) 46.8 (0.91) 59.1 (0.50) 59.7 (0.29) 54.0 (0.74) 60.4 (0.31) 11.4 (0.42) 7.8 (1.10) 11.7 (0.44)

24 to 29........................................................ 16.9 (0.24) 15.2 (0.48) 17.1 (0.24) 17.3 (0.18) 20.1 (0.65) 17.0 (0.19) 39.9 (0.86) 36.2 (2.70) 40.2 (0.88)

30 or older.................................................... 25.4 (0.46) 38.0 (0.92) 23.8 (0.46) 23.0 (0.25) 25.9 (0.63) 22.7 (0.27) 48.7 (1.02) 56.0 (3.07) 48.1 (1.0)

Attendance status (percent) ............................ 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

Full-time, full-year ........................................ 40.3 (0.42) 34.8 (0.72) 41.0 (0.42) 39.3 (0.28) 34.7 (0.75) 39.8 (0.28) 34.1 (0.77) 32.6 (3.22) 34.2 (0.78)

Part-time or part-year................................... 59.7 (0.42) 65.2 (0.72) 59.0 (0.42) 60.7 (0.28) 65.3 (0.75) 60.2 (0.28) 65.9 (0.77) 67.4 (3.22) 65.8 (0.78)

Student housing status (percent)..................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

On-campus .................................................. 14.2 (0.34) 10.9 (0.44) 14.6 (0.35) 14.2 (0.53) 11.1 (0.55) 14.5 (0.55) — (†) — (†) — (†)

Off-campus .................................................. 54.8 (1.19) 61.2 (1.62) 54.0 (1.16) 54.0 (1.05) 56.3 (1.27) 53.7 (1.04) — (†) — (†) — (†)

With parents or relatives .............................. 31.0 (1.16) 27.9 (1.52) 31.4 (1.13) 31.9 (1.53) 32.6 (1.58) 31.8 (1.54) — (†) — (†) — (†)

Dependency status (percent) .......................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

Dependent ................................................... 50.5 (0.54) 40.4 (0.97) 51.8 (0.52) 53.0 (0.31) 46.8 (0.71) 53.7 (0.34) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Independent, unmarried............................... 14.8 (0.25) 19.0 (0.59) 14.2 (0.25) 15.3 (0.20) 19.5 (0.59) 14.7 (0.20) 50.0 (0.87) 52.7 (4.23) 49.8 (0.79)

Independent, married................................... 7.7 (0.18) 9.0 (0.43) 7.5 (0.18) 6.4 (0.13) 6.9 (0.39) 6.3 (0.15) 16.9 (0.58) 12.9 (1.77) 17.2 (0.61)

Independent with dependents...................... 27.0 (0.40) 31.6 (0.78) 26.4 (0.39) 25.4 (0.30) 26.7 (0.74) 25.2 (0.29) 33.1 (0.99) 34.4 (4.14) 33.0 (0.93)

Veteran status (percent) .................................. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

Veteran......................................................... 3.3 (0.13) 6.0 (0.44) 2.9 (0.12) 3.1 (0.13) 4.4 (0.30) 3.0 (0.13) 3.1 (0.32) 6.5 (1.70) 2.8 (0.28)

Not veteran .................................................. 96.7 (0.13) 94.0 (0.44) 97.1 (0.12) 96.9 (0.13) 95.6 (0.30) 97.0 (0.13) 96.9 (0.32) 93.5 (1.70) 97.2 (0.28)

Field of study (percent).................................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†)

Business/management ................................ 15.4 (0.26) 14.2 (0.61) 15.6 (0.25) 16.2 (0.24) 14.6 (0.56) 16.4 (0.25) 17.3 (1.11) 13.0 (2.11) 17.6 (1.11)

Education..................................................... 6.7 (0.20) 6.3 (0.36) 6.7 (0.21) 5.8 (0.19) 5.4 (0.36) 5.9 (0.19) 23.9 (1.05) 28.3 (3.83) 23.6 (0.99)

Engineering/computer science/mathematics 9.4 (0.24) 9.3 (0.46) 9.4 (0.24) 8.9 (0.16) 8.7 (0.52) 8.9 (0.17) 8.8 (0.45) 6.3 (0.93) 9.0 (0.48)

Health .......................................................... 12.8 (0.31) 12.3 (0.51) 12.9 (0.32) 14.3 (0.37) 14.8 (0.63) 14.3 (0.38) 11.7 (0.39) 12.6 (2.48) 11.6 (0.37)

Humanities................................................... 10.3 (0.24) 10.9 (0.47) 10.3 (0.25) 15.2 (0.31) 17.0 (0.59) 15.0 (0.33) 6.7 (0.48) 5.9 (0.89) 6.8 (0.47)

Law .............................................................. ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.9 (0.34) 4.2 (0.58) 5.0 (0.36)

Life/physical sciences .................................. 4.5 (0.11) 4.2 (0.26) 4.5 (0.12) 6.2 (0.11) 5.6 (0.33) 6.3 (0.12) 4.8 (0.25) 3.9 (0.76) 4.8 (0.25)

Social/behavioral sciences........................... 7.0 (0.15) 7.3 (0.34) 6.9 (0.16) 6.4 (0.11) 6.2 (0.38) 6.4 (0.12) 6.8 (0.52) 7.9 (1.41) 6.7 (0.52)

Vocational/technical ..................................... 2.5 (0.15) 3.0 (0.23) 2.4 (0.15) 2.4 (0.16) 2.6 (0.23) 2.4 (0.16) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Undeclared .................................................. 21.7 (0.49) 22.3 (0.78) 21.6 (0.50) 14.1 (0.32) 14.3 (0.74) 14.0 (0.33) 6.3 (0.43) 6.0 (1.33) 6.3 (0.45)

Other............................................................ 9.7 (0.25) 10.2 (0.48) 9.6 (0.26) 10.5 (0.25) 10.9 (0.46) 10.4 (0.25) 8.7 (0.38) 11.8 (1.83) 8.5 (0.37)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

‡Reporting standards not met.1Student status was determined by accumulation of credits. Students attending postsecondary education part time, or notcompleting the credit accumulation requirements for second-year status, could be considered first-year students for morethan one year.

NOTE: Data are based on a sample survey of students who enrolled at any tiRico. Detail may not sum to totals because of survey item nonresponse and Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:04 and NPSAS:08). (This table was prepa

Table 241. Percentage of first-year undergraduate students who took remedial education courses, by selected characteristics: 2003–04 and 2007–08Selected characteristic

2003–04 first-year undergraduates1 2007–08 first-year underg

Percent who

ever took a

remedial

course

Percent who took remedial course in 2003–04

Number of

students (in

thousands)

Percent who

ever took a

remedial

course

Number who

took a course

in 2007–08

(in thousands)

Perce

Any course English Mathematics Reading Studying Writing Any courses 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Total.............................................. 34.7 (0.37) 19.1 (0.29) 5.7 (0.22) 14.6 (0.26) 5.5 (0.17) 2.3 (0.10) 6.9 (0.18) 8,517 36.2 (0.39) 1,724 20.2 (0.32) 

Sex

Male............................................................ 32.9 (0.52) 18.3 (0.45) 5.5 (0.30) 13.9 (0.41) 5.2 (0.22) 2.2 (0.15) 6.6 (0.27) 3,714 32.8 (0.51) 719 19.4 (0.47) 

Female........................................................ 36.0 (0.55) 19.7 (0.39) 5.8 (0.23) 15.0 (0.33) 5.8 (0.24) 2.4 (0.15) 7.1 (0.26) 4,802 38.8 (0.49) 1,005 20.9 (0.40) 

Race/ethnicity of student White .......................................................... 31.7 (0.42) 17.7 (0.35) 4.9 (0.21) 13.5 (0.32) 4.4 (0.18) 2.2 (0.14) 6.4 (0.22) 4,897 31.3 (0.39) 881 18.0 (0.39) 

Black........................................................... 41.2 (0.99) 22.4 (0.76) 7.5 (0.52) 17.1 (0.66) 7.8 (0.49) 2.9 (0.26) 6.9 (0.44) 1,397 45.1 (0.96) 344 24.7 (0.85) 

Hispanic...................................................... 37.5 (0.92) 20.9 (0.69) 6.4 (0.52) 16.5 (0.63) 6.9 (0.49) 2.4 (0.25) 8.1 (0.48) 1,386 43.3 (1.11) 323 23.3 (0.79) 

Asian........................................................... 39.6 (1.72) 17.6 (1.56) 8.2 (1.09) 10.9 (1.19) 7.0 (0.83) 1.8 (0.48) 8.4 (0.93) 455 38.0 (1.82) 90 19.8 (1.84) 

Pacific Islander........................................... 40.8 (5.11) 22.4 (4.55) 10.2 (4.18) 19.8 (4.64) 10.1 (4.07) 2.1 (1.08) 11.3 (4.00) 69 40.0 (4.0) 13 19.3 (3.87) 

American Indian/Alaska Native................ 44.8 (4.33) 23.6 (3.10) 3.4 (0.99) 17.3 (2.79) 8.4 (2.28) 3.9 (1.53) 8.0 (2.35) 82 46.8 (4.43) 24 29.0 (3.62) Two or more races..................................... 33.9 (2.01) 20.8 (1.80) 4.7 (0.90) 14.8 (1.48) 4.9 (0.98) 1.9 (0.48) 6.5 (1.12) 205 32.8 (2.15) 43 20.9 (1.72) Other........................................................... 31.1 (2.78) 17.2 (2.34) 5.0 (1.35) 14.3 (2.12) 6.1 (1.30) 2.7 (0.86) 6.9 (1.63) 26 35.6 (5.97) 6 23.2 (4.92) 

Age15 to 23....................................................... 33.6 (0.41) 21.3 (0.38) 6.5 (0.28) 16.0 (0.34) 6.4 (0.22) 2.5 (0.13) 8.2 (0.22) 5,260 34.6 (0.46) 1,168 22.2 (0.39) 

24 to 29....................................................... 34.9 (1.02) 15.9 (0.78) 4.3 (0.40) 12.8 (0.65) 4.0 (0.40) 2.1 (0.27) 5.0 (0.55) 1,347 39.5 (0.88) 261 19.4 (0.73) 

30 or older.................................................. 37.4 (0.86) 15.6 (0.51) 4.5 (0.35) 12.1 (0.51) 4.4 (0.32) 2.1 (0.21) 4.6 (0.31) 1,910 38.1 (0.92) 295 15.5 (0.63) 

Attendance status

Exclusively full-time ................................... 31.3 (0.46) 19.0 (0.37) 5.7 (0.22) 14.0 (0.35) 5.6 (0.22) 2.6 (0.15) 7.5 (0.23) 4,010 31.4 (0.52) 786 19.6 (0.41) Exclusively part-time ................................. 37.4 (0.65) 17.9 (0.51) 5.3 (0.31) 14.0 (0.46) 5.0 (0.28) 2.0 (0.16) 5.6 (0.28) 3,426 39.8 (0.66) 650 19.0 (0.52) 

Mixed full- and part-time............................ 40.9 (0.96) 23.5 (0.84) 7.1 (0.56) 18.6 (0.79) 7.1 (0.47) 2.1 (0.25) 8.3 (0.45) 1,081 42.5 (1.03) 288 26.7 (1.07) 

Student housing status On-campus................................................ 24.5 (0.70) 16.8 (0.56) 4.8 (0.30) 11.3 (0.49) 4.8 (0.31) 2.4 (0.27) 8.2 (0.40) 1,081 23.1 (0.78) 185 17.1 (0.73) 

Off-campus ................................................ 35.8 (0.59) 16.9 (0.40) 5.1 (0.30) 13.3 (0.35) 4.6 (0.22) 2.3 (0.15) 5.5 (0.28) 4,327 37.3 (0.59) 777 18.0 (0.49) 

With parents or relatives............................ 37.6 (0.60) 24.2 (0.59) 7.1 (0.37) 18.3 (0.52) 7.6 (0.35) 2.5 (0.20) 8.6 (0.36) 2,538 39.8 (0.69) 646 25.4 (0.62) Attended more than one institution.......... 36.5 (1.18) 18.3 (0.99) 6.4 (0.58) 14.5 (0.98) 5.0 (0.48) 2.2 (0.32) 6.3 (0.48) 570 36.2 (0.91) 116 20.4 (1.18) 

Dependency status Dependent................................................. 33.3 (0.45) 21.9 (0.40) 6.6 (0.27) 16.3 (0.35) 6.5 (0.24) 2.5 (0.14) 8.6 (0.23) 4,521 34.3 (0.47) 1,036 22.9 (0.41) 

Independent............................................... 36.3 (0.62) 16.1 (0.39) 4.8 (0.27) 12.7 (0.37) 4.5 (0.23) 2.2 (0.15) 5.0 (0.27) 3,996 38.3 (0.58) 689 17.2 (0.45) 

Veteran status

Veteran....................................................... 35.8 (2.32) 13.2 (1.52) 1.9 (0.51) 9.8 (1.40) 3.1 (0.68) 1.1 (0.33) 4.3 (0.84) 260 36.7 (2.27) 44 16.9 (1.95) 

Not veteran................................................. 34.7 (0.39) 19.3 (0.30) 5.8 (0.22) 14.7 (0.27) 5.6 (0.18) 2.4 (0.11) 6.9 (0.18) 8,257 36.1 (0.39) 1,681 20.4 (0.33) 

Field of study Business/management............................. 36.3 (0.98) 19.5 (0.95) 5.5 (0.41) 14.6 (0.99) 6.0 (0.44) 2.3 (0.35) 7.3 (0.60) 1,147 36.6 (0.97) 253 22.0 (0.88) 

Computer science..................................... 33.7 (1.59) 19.1 (1.37) 4.7 (0.66) 14.6 (1.26) 5.3 (0.82) 2.1 (0.46) 5.6 (0.73) 296 36.0 (2.12) 60 20.3 (1.68) 

Education................................................... 41.1 (1.58) 22.9 (1.13) 6.3 (0.74) 17.4 (1.0) 6.3 (0.72) 2.0 (0.42) 8.7 (0.86) 380 40.8 (1.80) 87 23.0 (1.40) 

Engineering................................................ 30.3 (1.81) 16.2 (1.42) 5.4 (0.79) 12.7 (1.25) 4.7 (0.76) 2.4 (0.56) 6.6 (0.91) 378 32.3 (1.52) 71 18.7 (1.48) 

Health......................................................... 36.9 (0.82) 19.6 (0.67) 6.1 (0.48) 15.4 (0.62) 5.7 (0.43) 2.7 (0.26) 6.2 (0.49) 1,417 39.1 (0.87) 276 19.5 (0.75) 

Humanities................................................. 34.1 (1.28) 18.9 (0.94) 5.7 (0.46) 14.3 (0.88) 5.0 (0.52) 1.7 (0.23) 7.3 (0.52) 1,405 38.4 (0.91) 322 22.9 (0.77) 

Life sciences .............................................. 31.1 (1.82) 19.6 (1.71) 5.7 (1.26) 14.5 (1.47) 5.4 (1.21) 2.7 (0.65) 8.0 (1.20) 311 30.6 (1.78) 63 20.3 (1.57) 

Mathematics .............................................. 23.0 (5.55) 11.0 (4.43) 2.6 (2.19) 9.3 (4.26) 4.3 (3.47) 0.1 (0.16) 3.6 (2.15) 29 40.8 (5.87) ‡ 15.1 (4.54) Physical sciences...................................... 23.7 (4.35) 12.8 (3.45) 7.4 (2.82) 5.2 (2.11) 6.3 (3.02) 1.2 (0.82) 5.0 (2.63) 45 25.6 (4.12) ‡ 15.2 (3.16) 

Social/behavioral sciences........................ 33.2 (2.06) 19.3 (1.57) 5.5 (0.90) 14.5 (1.38) 6.5 (1.0) 2.6 (0.54) 8.6 (1.04) 286 33.7 (1.81) 65 22.5 (1.61) Vocational/technical................................... 38.4 (2.09) 18.3 (1.59) 5.0 (0.85) 14.4 (1.39) 5.6 (1.0) 2.2 (0.46) 4.7 (0.60) 288 31.5 (2.09) 46 15.8 (1.64) 

Undeclared................................................. 33.5 (0.67) 19.2 (0.58) 5.9 (0.37) 14.4 (0.49) 5.1 (0.33) 2.5 (0.20) 7.2 (0.37) 1,013 35.8 (1.18) 205 20.3 (1.03) 

Other........................................................... 33.2 (1.51) 17.9 (1.07) 5.2 (0.67) 13.6 (0.95) 6.1 (0.56) 2.4 (0.34) 5.8 (0.56) 888 34.2 (1.18) 164 18.5 (0.93) 

Type of institution Public less-than-2-year.............................. 30.6 (1.85) 10.9 (1.09) 4.8 (0.80) 9.4 (1.05) 4.0 (0.86) 1.4 (0.58) 3.9 (0.90) 80 31.5 (2.58) 7 9.1 (0.88) 

Public 2-year.............................................. 41.4 (0.59) 23.0 (0.47) 6.9 (0.33) 18.3 (0.42) 7.1 (0.28) 2.4 (0.15) 7.2 (0.27) 4,855 41.9 (0.48) 1,160 23.9 (0.43) 

Public 4-year nondoctorate....................... 34.1 (1.75) 21.3 (1.11) 5.3 (0.60) 16.3 (1.04) 5.2 (0.55) 1.9 (0.28) 8.5 (0.62) 690 38.6 (1.47) 175 25.3 (1.10) 

Public 4-year doctorate ............................. 25.7 (1.11) 16.3 (0.63) 4.4 (0.34) 11.6 (0.60) 3.9 (0.39) 2.6 (0.27) 8.1 (0.42) 823 24.2 (0.96) 142 17.2 (0.77) 

Private not-for-profit less-than-4-year....... 30.8 (1.87) 12.6 (1.69) 4.2 (0.93) 10.1 (1.33) 2.7 (0.71) 2.3 (0.73) 4.8 (1.14) 53 33.0 (3.07) 6 10.7 (2.47) Private not-for-profit 4-year nondoctorate 25.7 (1.19) 14.4 (0.81) 5.2 (0.70) 9.4 (0.56) 3.9 (0.42) 2.0 (0.29) 6.7 (0.79) 415 25.8 (1.69) 68 16.5 (1.44) 

Private not-for-profit 4-year doctorate....... 18.4 (1.64) 11.7 (1.37) 2.5 (0.53) 7.5 (1.34) 2.9 (0.56) 2.2 (0.67) 6.3 (0.90) 319 22.3 (1.66) 43 13.3 (1.36) 

Private for-profit less-than-2-year............. 24.1 (0.48) 7.8 (0.23) 3.1 (0.18) 4.7 (0.16) 2.2 (0.19) 2.3 (0.12) 3.5 (0.22) 380 26.7 (0.77) 22 5.7 (0.43) 

Private for-profit 2 years or more.............. 25.3 (1.63) 11.7 (1.04) 4.1 (0.50) 7.5 (0.75) 3.3 (0.45) 2.7 (0.39) 4.9 (0.70) 904 28.8 (1.32) 103 11.4 (1.12) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes students attending less-than-2-year institutions and students attending more than one institution.

NOTE: Because of different survey editing and processing procedures, enroappearing in other tables. Includes students who enrolled at any time during thRico. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appeSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatiAid Study (NPSAS:08), unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared Oc

Table 242. Enrollment in postsecondary education, by student level, type of institution, age, and major field of study: 2007–08Field of study

Undergraduate 

All students 2-year institutions1 4-year 

Total

(in thousands)

Percentage distribution, by age

Total

(in thousands)

Percentage distribution, by age

Total

(in thousands)

Perce

Under 25 25 to 35 Over 35 Under 25 25 to 35 Over 35 Under 25 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

Total........................................................ 20,928 63.8 (0.29) 21.4 (0.18) 14.7 (0.19) 11,150 56.3 (0.71) 24.8 (0.39) 18.9 (0.42) 9,778 72.5 (0.68) 

Agriculture and related sciences ....................... 121 76.4 (2.45) 10.7 (1.84) 12.9 (2.25) 55 58.3 (4.67) 17.1 (3.39) 24.5 (4.89) 66 91.4 (1.73) 

Anthropology ..................................................... 40 82.1 (3.27) 14.6 (3.17) 3.3 (1.25) 6 73.5 (12.20) 26.3 (12.20) 0.2 (0.18) 34 83.6 (2.94) Architecture and related services ...................... 95 82.7 (2.89) 14.0 (2.59) 3.2 (1.01) 27 75.5 (5.55) 18.3 (5.15) 6.2 (2.54) 69 85.5 (3.11) Area, ethnic, and gender studies....................... 28 81.4 (4.68) 12.5 (3.87) 6.1 (2.36) 4 87.8 (5.98) 11.8 (5.94) 0.4 (0.45) 25 80.4 (5.23) Biological and biomedical sciences ................... 605 85.7 (0.83) 11.9 (0.76) 2.4 (0.42) 145 77.9 (2.01) 17.0 (1.83) 5.1 (1.00) 460 88.1 (0.88) 

Business, management, and marketing ............ 3,389 60.5 (0.96) 23.1 (0.64) 16.5 (0.57) 1,388 57.5 (0.98) 23.9 (0.81) 18.6 (0.74) 2,001 62.6 (1.51) Communication and journalism ......................... 414 85.1 (1.13) 11.0 (0.93) 3.9 (0.57) 74 75.8 (3.88) 16.5 (3.07) 7.7 (2.18) 340 87.2 (1.12) 

Communications technologies/technicians........ 51 68.2 (5.07) 22.7 (4.19) 9.1 (2.99) 28 56.5 (8.28) 29.7 (6.96) 13.8 (5.13) 23 82.1 (4.91) 

Computer and information sciences .................. 702 50.6 (1.51) 29.4 (1.12) 20.0 (1.30) 357 48.1 (1.69) 27.7 (1.67) 24.2 (1.81) 346 53.2 (2.51) 

Construction trades ........................................... 111 43.4 (3.84) 34.0 (2.73) 22.5 (2.80) 95 40.1 (3.88) 35.4 (2.89) 24.6 (2.96) 15 64.3 (5.47) Criminology........................................................ 30 76.3 (4.92) 14.0 (3.54) 9.8 (3.03) 15 ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 26 76.1 (5.51) Economics ......................................................... 109 85.9 (2.21) 10.0 (2.02) 4.1 (1.01) 15 77.8 (5.77) 21.2 (5.81) 0.9 (0.81) 94 87.2 (2.40) Education........................................................... 1,219 67.3 (0.82) 17.9 (0.61) 14.8 (0.69) 512 57.2 (1.34) 21.1 (1.11) 21.7 (1.21) 708 74.6 (1.06) Engineering ....................................................... 690 79.2 (1.13) 15.0 (1.03) 5.8 (0.53) 204 62.2 (2.33) 25.2 (1.77) 12.6 (1.53) 486 86.3 (0.97) Engineering technologies/technicians ............... 360 56.5 (1.77) 26.6 (1.61) 16.9 (1.44) 250 51.4 (2.26) 28.6 (2.30) 20.0 (2.09) 111 68.0 (2.63) English language and literature/letters .............. 247 79.0 (1.36) 14.8 (1.19) 6.2 (1.01) 57 66.9 (4.34) 23.1 (3.89) 10.0 (2.72) 190 82.7 (1.53) 

Family and consumer/human sciences ............. 179 64.8 (2.36) 18.6 (2.21) 16.7 (1.87) 83 48.7 (3.48) 24.3 (3.68) 27.0 (3.69) 96 78.6 (2.67) 

Foreign languages and literatures ..................... 95 78.5 (2.69) 12.4 (2.13) 9.1 (1.83) 29 65.4 (6.40) 18.1 (5.15) 16.5 (5.01) 66 84.3 (2.32) 

Geography ......................................................... 21 70.9 (6.00) 20.8 (4.80) 8.4 (2.94) ‡ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 20 73.2 (6.22) Health professions and related sciences........... 3,002 50.9 (0.57) 30.0 (0.54) 19.1 (0.44) 2,082 47.3 (0.76) 32.1 (0.64) 20.7 (0.57) 919 59.0 (1.39) 

History ............................................................... 176 80.8 (1.85) 11.9 (1.34) 7.3 (1.10) 35 79.3 (4.69) 15.0 (3.46) 5.7 (2.22) 141 81.1 (2.06) International relations and affairs ...................... 44 88.0 (3.14) 7.8 (2.45) 4.2 (2.31) 9 65.2 (13.50) 17.1 (8.99) 17.7 (11.50) 35 93.6 (2.09) Legal professions and studies ........................... 162 47.6 (3.82) 28.5 (2.77) 23.8 (2.97) 107 40.9 (3.37) 31.8 (3.63) 27.3 (3.48) 55 60.8 (9.03) Liberal arts, sciences and humanities ............... 1,900 66.6 (0.78) 19.6 (0.61) 13.8 (0.61) 1,500 65.6 (0.94) 20.0 (0.72) 14.3 (0.76) 400 70.0 (1.79) Library science .................................................. ‡ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ ‡ (†) Mathematics and statistics ................................ 108 79.0 (2.36) 12.6 (1.87) 8.5 (1.68) 36 66.5 (4.12) 17.9 (4.30) 15.6 (3.45) 72 85.1 (2.75) Mechanic and repair technologies..................... 209 55.5 (2.55) 26.7 (2.25) 17.8 (1.83) 195 54.6 (2.65) 27.1 (2.22) 18.3 (1.98) 14 67.6 (7.16) Military technologies.......................................... ‡ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ ‡ (†) Multi/interdisciplinary studies............................. 248 70.0 (1.99) 18.3 (1.53) 11.7 (1.28) 111 61.2 (3.16) 22.4 (2.23) 16.4 (2.14) 137 77.2 (2.43) 

Natural resources and conservation.................. 52 77.6 (3.33) 18.6 (3.02) 3.7 (1.91) 15 79.0 (7.30) 12.2 (5.06) 8.8 (4.85) 38 77.1 (3.71) 

Parks, recreation, and fitness studies................ 159 84.1 (1.54) 11.5 (1.41) 4.4 (0.95) 40 79.4 (3.32) 12.6 (3.03) 8.0 (2.66) 119 85.6 (1.88) 

Personal and culinary services.......................... 336 59.5 (2.00) 27.7 (1.68) 12.7 (1.33) 290 58.8 (2.05) 28.0 (1.81) 13.3 (1.38) 46 64.2 (8.90) 

Philosophy and religious studies ....................... 71 76.2 (3.27) 13.2 (2.26) 10.6 (2.13) 11 51.5 (11.00) 30.1 (8.50) 18.4 (8.56) 60 80.6 (2.99) 

Physical sciences .............................................. 180 81.7 (1.73) 14.4 (1.57) 3.9 (0.94) 46 72.0 (4.32) 19.0 (3.72) 9.0 (2.89) 134 85.0 (1.67) 

Political science and government ...................... 200 86.1 (1.45) 10.2 (1.11) 3.7 (0.99) 32 77.7 (5.04) 20.2 (4.73) 2.1 (1.69) 168 87.8 (1.49) Precision production .......................................... 54 41.2 (4.78) 32.7 (4.40) 26.1 (3.88) 52 40.1 (4.77) 33.8 (4.49) 26.1 (3.94) ‡ ‡ (†) 

Psychology ........................................................ 606 76.0 (0.99) 16.5 (0.83) 7.5 (0.61) 167 71.5 (1.92) 18.8 (1.89) 9.7 (1.29) 439 77.8 (1.33) Public administration and social services .......... 180 51.8 (1.96) 22.9 (1.87) 25.2 (1.91) 68 41.0 (3.21) 22.6 (3.29) 36.5 (3.89) 112 58.5 (2.36) Science technologies/technicians...................... 47 60.5 (4.94) 23.4 (3.73) 16.1 (3.78) 35 60.2 (5.76) 22.2 (4.56) 17.7 (4.72) 13 61.3 (7.80) 

Security and protective services........................ 646 63.1 (1.79) 22.8 (1.18) 14.1 (1.33) 382 59.7 (3.08) 23.2 (1.99) 17.2 (2.00) 264 68.1 (2.17) 

Social sciences, other........................................ 65 62.8 (3.89) 19.7 (3.42) 17.5 (3.44) 23 62.4 (8.10) 21.7 (7.19) 15.8 (7.11) 42 63.0 (4.38) Sociology ........................................................... 138 73.3 (2.19) 13.9 (1.20) 12.8 (1.82) 32 67.9 (4.72) 14.2 (3.25) 18.0 (4.46) 106 75.0 (2.21) Theology and religious vocations ...................... 32 68.3 (7.66) 20.4 (6.12) 11.3 (2.34) ‡ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 30 67.1 (8.08) Transportation and materials moving................. 58 37.7 (5.83) 36.5 (3.90) 25.8 (4.33) 28 28.6 (6.24) 35.8 (5.83) 35.6 (5.72) 30 46.0 (9.04) 

Visual and performing arts ................................ 805 78.1 (0.84) 15.2 (0.73) 6.7 (0.59) 283 71.0 (1.75) 16.5 (1.41) 12.5 (1.41) 523 81.9 (1.03) 

Undeclared or not in a degree program............. 1,683 67.4 (1.14) 19.3 (0.81) 13.3 (0.73) 1,171 61.1 (1.39) 22.8 (0.98) 16.1 (0.93) 512 81.9 (1.91) 
344 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

1Data for 2007 and 2008 may not be comparable to previous years’ data because some

surveyed fields were reclassified, new fields were added, and the survey was redesigned

to improve coverage and coding.

2Because three fields were added to the survey in 2007, previous years’ totals for all fields

are not comparable to the 2007 and 2008 totals.

3Before 2007, architecture was included under civil engineering instead of being reported

as a separate field of engineering.

4Three science fields—family and consumer science/human science, multidisciplinary/

interdisciplinary studies, and communication—were added to the survey in 2007; some of

the data may have been reported under other fields prior to 2007.

5Before 2007, neuroscience was included under the health/medical field of neurology

instead of being reported as a separate field of science.

NOTE: The survey on which this table is based includes institutions in other jurisdictions,

including Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Some data have been revised

from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Studies, Survey of

Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 1996 through 2008.

(This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 243. Graduate enrollment in science and engineering programs in degree-granting institutions, by discipline division: Fall 1996 through 

fall 2008

Discipline of engineering or science 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20071 20081

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Total, all sciences and engineering................. 494,079 2 487,208 2 485,627 2 493,256 2 493,311 2 509,607 2 540,404 2 567,121 2 574,463 2 582,226 2 597,643 2 619,499 631,489

Engineering .......................................... 103,224 101,148 100,038 101,691 104,112 109,493 119,668 127,377 123,566 120,565 123,041 131,676 137,856

Aerospace......................................... 3,208 3,083 3,137 3,349 3,407 3,451 3,685 4,048 4,089 4,170 4,482 4,616 4,902

Agricultural........................................ 1,012 941 975 986 943 947 952 1,058 1,041 1,059 1,073 1,126 1,233

Architecture3 ..................................... † † † † † † † † † † † 4,601 5,905

Biomedical ........................................ 2,732 2,847 2,855 3,069 3,197 3,599 4,338 5,301 5,807 6,067 6,482 6,904 7,339

Chemical........................................... 7,408 7,288 7,093 6,883 7,056 6,913 7,414 7,516 7,452 7,173 7,261 7,584 7,892

Civil3.................................................. 18,528 17,193 16,517 16,226 16,451 16,665 17,713 18,890 18,561 18,114 17,802 16,071 16,931

Electrical ........................................... 29,941 30,787 31,384 31,822 33,611 36,100 39,948 41,763 38,995 37,450 38,265 40,588 41,164

Engineering science ......................... 1,751 1,647 1,701 1,627 1,632 1,798 2,121 2,240 2,198 1,951 2,046 1,806 2,099

Industrial/manufacturing.................... 12,675 11,957 11,221 11,803 12,119 12,940 14,033 14,313 13,852 13,650 13,829 14,474 15,692

Mechanical........................................ 15,509 15,045 14,696 14,956 15,235 15,852 17,139 18,393 17,852 17,373 17,919 18,347 19,585

Metallurgical/materials ...................... 4,747 4,688 4,680 4,481 4,377 4,721 4,992 5,131 5,059 5,160 5,268 5,314 5,539

Mining ............................................... 371 348 304 328 287 240 267 278 308 279 244 222 290

Nuclear ............................................. 980 868 821 830 792 801 795 885 971 1,013 1,099 1,180 1,201

Petroleum.......................................... 562 561 571 642 627 656 766 849 845 808 813 1,014 1,009

Other engineering............................. 3,800 3,895 4,083 4,689 4,378 4,810 5,505 6,712 6,536 6,298 6,458 7,829 7,075

Physical sciences ................................. 32,333 31,105 30,575 30,691 30,385 31,038 32,341 34,298 35,761 36,375 36,901 36,824 37,319

Astronomy......................................... 874 778 820 832 888 916 990 1,080 1,119 1,191 1,211 1,232 1,275

Chemistry.......................................... 19,334 18,774 18,482 18,416 18,105 18,366 19,045 20,049 20,776 21,101 21,351 21,298 21,574

Physics.............................................. 11,728 11,147 10,809 10,869 10,841 11,248 11,701 12,555 13,298 13,472 13,722 13,816 13,862

Other physical sciences .................... 397 406 464 574 551 508 605 614 568 611 617 478 608

Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences.......................................... 15,183 14,548 14,258 14,083 13,941 13,841 14,240 14,620 15,131 14,836 14,920 14,100 14,389

Atmospheric sciences....................... 1,086 1,092 965 913 963 924 1,036 1,150 1,086 1,146 1,079 1,178 1,400

Geosciences ..................................... 7,304 6,959 6,687 6,637 6,596 6,544 6,712 6,889 7,358 7,212 7,177 7,020 7,089

Oceanography .................................. 2,615 2,479 2,562 2,624 2,668 2,585 2,618 2,695 2,801 2,760 2,770 2,615 2,634

Other environmental sciences .......... 4,178 4,018 4,044 3,909 3,714 3,788 3,874 3,886 3,886 3,718 3,894 3,287 3,266

Family and consumer science/ human science4 .......................................... † † † † † † † † † † † 2,780 3,549

Mathematical sciences ......................... 18,008 16,719 16,485 16,257 15,650 16,651 18,163 19,465 19,931 20,210 20,815 20,975 21,400

Mathematics and applied mathematics ............................... 14,948 14,027 13,827 13,521 12,823 13,569 14,702 15,569 15,964 16,106 16,649 16,528 16,449

Statistics ........................................... 3,060 2,692 2,658 2,736 2,827 3,082 3,461 3,896 3,967 4,104 4,166 4,447 4,951

Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies4 ........................................... † † † † † † † † † † † 4,484 5,559

Neuroscience5 ...................................... † † † † † † † † † † † 1,584 2,012

Communication4 ................................... † † † † † † † † † † † 7,303 8,444

Computer sciences............................... 34,626 35,991 38,027 42,478 47,350 52,196 55,269 53,696 50,016 47,978 47,653 48,246 49,553

Life sciences......................................... 148,948 148,486 149,634 151,345 148,080 150,252 159,356 170,374 178,600 185,553 194,313 188,760 189,033

Agricultural sciences......................... 12,301 12,203 12,168 12,312 12,023 12,235 12,698 13,197 13,445 13,123 13,016 13,528 14,153

Biological sciences ........................... 57,749 56,705 56,695 56,959 56,282 57,639 61,088 64,701 66,565 68,479 69,941 71,932 72,666

Anatomy........................................ 878 856 785 749 795 735 906 908 897 938 961 867 764

Biochemistry ................................. 5,275 5,102 5,148 5,101 4,966 4,917 5,190 5,552 5,612 5,814 5,824 5,853 5,473

Biology .......................................... 14,611 14,646 14,277 13,989 13,407 13,352 13,822 14,770 15,458 15,681 16,463 15,898 16,514

Biometry/epidemiology.................. 3,005 2,896 3,514 3,704 3,615 3,817 4,071 4,439 4,674 4,805 4,789 5,694 5,971

Biophysics ..................................... 833 748 737 710 751 877 953 1,032 1,180 1,183 1,203 1,193 1,084

Botany........................................... 2,213 2,082 2,042 1,974 1,904 1,921 1,973 1,901 1,831 1,860 1,850 1,821 1,803

Cell biology ................................... 4,207 4,300 4,379 4,637 4,820 4,911 5,375 5,689 5,830 6,177 6,553 6,839 7,096

Ecology ......................................... 1,632 1,640 1,670 1,704 1,762 1,888 1,967 2,230 2,185 2,165 2,162 2,026 2,026

Entomology/parasitology............... 1,234 1,161 1,168 1,145 1,104 1,170 1,191 1,206 1,241 1,126 1,114 1,078 1,079

Genetics........................................ 1,741 1,776 1,727 1,783 1,712 1,841 1,909 2,073 2,129 2,155 2,154 2,120 2,120

Microbiology, immunology, and virology.................................... 4,912 4,805 4,773 4,815 4,814 4,798 5,208 5,256 5,375 5,401 5,324 5,212 5,054

Nutrition......................................... 4,918 4,604 4,486 4,508 4,413 4,429 4,539 4,695 4,771 4,817 5,042 4,890 5,177

Pathology ...................................... 1,656 1,674 1,580 1,580 1,531 1,637 1,613 1,541 1,557 1,593 1,612 1,580 1,618

Pharmacology ............................... 2,663 2,597 2,730 2,757 2,963 3,140 3,234 3,357 3,122 3,114 2,985 3,013 3,005

Physiology..................................... 2,377 2,298 2,151 2,083 2,015 1,967 2,076 2,328 2,409 2,399 2,416 2,738 2,863

Zoology ......................................... 1,808 1,627 1,586 1,523 1,445 1,411 1,349 1,301 1,236 1,264 1,145 1,108 925

Other biosciences ......................... 3,786 3,893 3,942 4,197 4,265 4,828 5,712 6,423 7,058 7,987 8,344 10,002 10,094

Health fields ...................................... 78,898 79,578 80,771 82,074 79,775 80,378 85,570 92,476 98,590 103,951 111,356 103,300 102,214

Medical fields5 ............................... 15,363 15,470 16,643 17,276 16,407 17,363 19,166 20,574 20,866 21,414 23,441 22,751 23,939

Other health fields......................... 63,535 64,108 64,128 64,798 63,368 63,015 66,404 71,902 77,724 82,537 87,915 80,549 78,275

Dentistry .................................... 1,388 1,491 1,518 1,467 1,430 1,494 1,446 1,654 1,946 1,748 1,614 1,688 1,643

Nursing...................................... 27,388 26,861 25,591 25,074 23,457 23,609 24,715 26,649 29,781 31,670 35,846 31,803 30,471

Pharmaceutical sciences .......... 2,846 2,710 2,882 3,422 3,611 3,679 4,538 5,493 5,218 6,091 6,315 5,066 4,251

Speech pathology/audiology ..... 12,857 13,212 13,198 13,600 13,636 13,193 13,368 13,694 14,045 14,821 14,847 16,229 15,968

Veterinary sciences ................... 997 1,224 1,288 1,314 1,367 1,476 1,691 1,719 1,732 1,970 2,067 2,371 2,478

Other health related................... 18,059 18,610 19,651 19,921 19,867 19,564 20,646 22,693 25,002 26,237 27,226 23,392 23,464

Psychology ........................................... 53,122 53,126 52,557 51,727 50,466 50,454 51,152 52,162 54,126 57,282 57,653 59,617 58,991

Social sciences..................................... 88,635 86,085 84,053 84,984 83,327 85,682 90,215 95,129 97,332 99,427 102,347 103,150 103,384

Agricultural economics...................... 2,117 2,043 1,995 2,014 2,079 2,161 2,187 2,318 2,195 2,127 2,158 1,989 2,132

Economics (except agricultural)........ 12,080 11,097 10,701 10,562 10,748 11,408 12,009 12,316 12,318 11,805 12,132 12,597 12,971

Geography ........................................ 4,331 4,287 4,326 4,250 4,036 4,304 4,383 4,721 4,809 4,800 4,750 4,660 4,745

Linguistics ......................................... 3,156 3,068 2,935 2,799 2,674 2,744 2,875 3,028 2,941 3,187 3,074 2,879 3,095

Political science ................................ 33,252 32,083 30,828 31,372 31,131 31,805 34,934 36,880 39,023 40,780 41,784 41,349 40,871

Sociology and anthropology ............. 18,121 17,921 17,492 17,340 17,023 17,111 17,146 17,689 17,539 17,616 18,022 18,453 18,988

Other social sciences........................ 15,578 15,586 15,776 16,647 15,636 16,149 16,681 18,177 18,507 19,112 20,427 21,223 20,582
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 345

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Research universities with a very high level of research activity. 

2Research universities with a high level of research activity.

3Institutions that award at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but did not have a high level of

research activity.

4Institutions that award at least 50 master’s degrees per year. 5Institutions that primarily emphasize undergraduate education. Also includes institutions classified as 4-year under the IPEDS system, which had been classified as 2-year in the Carnegie

system because they primarily award associate's degrees. 6Special-focus 4-year institutions award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as medicine, business, fine arts, theology, and engineering.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. Relative levels of research activity for research universities were

determined by an analysis of research and development expenditures, science and engineering

research staffing, and doctoral degrees conferred, by field. Further information on the research

index ranking may be obtained from http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/

index.asp?key=798#related.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010. (This table was prepared

October 2010.)

Table 244. Number of degree-granting institutions and enrollment in these institutions, by size, type, and control of institution: Fall 2009

Type and control of institution

Enrollment size

Total Under 200 200 to 499 500 to 999

1,000 to

2,499

2,500 to

4,999

5,000 to

9,999

10,000 to

19,999

20,000 to

29,999

30,000 or

more

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

Number of institutions 

Total ................................................... 4,474 455 582 719 945 662 533 351 144 83

Research university, very high1................. 99 0 0 0 3 1 920 34 32

Research university, high2 ........................ 102 0 0 0 1 616 41 25 13

Doctoral/research university3 .................... 80 0 1 3 713 21 239 3

Master’s4 ................................................... 649 5 8 23 107 205 180 92 17 12

Baccalaureate5 ......................................... 883 24 65 197 394 137 36 18 6 6

Specialized institutions6 ............................ 950 271 260 210 139 54 12 3 0 1

2-year........................................................ 1,711 155 248 286 294 246 259 154 53 16

Public........................................................ 1,671 6 35 79 277 368 413 294 132 67

Research university, very high1 ............. 66 0 0 0 2 1 0 529 29

Research university, high2..................... 75 0 0 0 0 1 931 22 12

Doctoral/research university3 ................ 27 0 0 0 0 1 5156 0

Master’s4 ............................................... 261 0 0 1 645 110 76 16 7

Baccalaureate5...................................... 197 1 0 17 61 68 28 13 6 3

Specialized institutions6 ........................ 46 1 8 715 13200 0

Medical or other health ..................... 31 1 3 4 912200 0

Other specialized .............................. 1505361000 0

2-year.................................................... 999 4 27 54 193 239 259 154 53 16

Private ...................................................... 2,803 449 547 640 668 294 120 57 12 16

Research university, very high1 ............. 33 0 0 0 1 0 9155 3

Research university, high2..................... 27 0 0 0 1 5 7103 1

Doctoral/research university3 ................ 53 0 1 3 712 1683 3

Master’s4 ............................................... 388 5 8 22 101 160 70 16 1 5

Baccalaureate5...................................... 686 23 65 180 333 69850 3

Specialized institutions6 ........................ 904 270 252 203 124 41 10 3 0 1

Art, music, or design ......................... 127 16 30 28 38 11220 0

Business and management .............. 137 23 32 40 23 11610 1

Engineering or technology ................ 118 12 36 47 166100 0

Medical or other health ..................... 168 49 45 39 269000 0

Theological........................................ 288 160 90 2881100 0

Other specialized .............................. 66 10 19 21 133000 0

2-year.................................................... 712 151 221 232 1017000 0

Enrollment in institutions 

Total ................................................... 20,427,711 51,522 197,125 522,691 1,552,330 2,357,099 3,761,159 4,854,250 3,552,599 3,578,936

Research university, very high1 ............. 2,549,735 0 0 0 5,237 3,895 65,700 289,062 876,218 1,309,623

Research university, high2..................... 1,813,329 0 0 0 2,261 21,819 115,546 607,864 611,855 453,984

Doctoral/research university3 ................ 1,212,637 0 227 2,475 13,170 51,717 166,697 300,742 224,665 452,944

Master’s4 ............................................... 4,279,308 585 2,899 17,890 195,437 721,803 1,255,297 1,250,617 401,564 433,216

Baccalaureate5...................................... 2,236,825 2,747 24,222 147,110 635,343 464,632 244,704 262,888 164,116 291,063

Specialized institutions6 ........................ 814,471 29,380 85,159 151,025 213,910 183,220 79,316 41,537 0 30,924

2-year.................................................... 7,521,406 18,810 84,618 204,191 486,972 910,013 1,833,899 2,101,540 1,274,181 607,182

Public........................................................ 14,810,642 687 11,731 59,960 495,090 1,352,683 2,946,038 4,083,673 3,258,805 2,601,975

Research university, very high1 ............. 2,048,560 0 0 0 3,107 3,895 0 83,401 758,722 1,199,435

Research university, high2..................... 1,493,987 0 0 0 02,642 67,705 467,022 536,764 419,854

Doctoral/research university3 ................ 407,190 0 0 0 04,538 42,882 209,682 150,088 0

Master’s4 ............................................... 2,626,164 0 0 948 11,533 168,349 801,275 1,032,209 374,934 236,916

Baccalaureate5...................................... 1,043,783 57 0 14,367 104,651 244,345 187,840 189,819 164,116 138,588

Specialized institutions6 ........................ 89,513 51 2,585 5,188 27,559 41,693 12,437 0 0 0

Medical or other health ..................... 70,395 51 936 3,108 16,816 37,047 12,437 0 0 0

Other specialized .............................. 19,118 0 1,649 2,080 10,743 4,646 0 0 0 0

2-year.................................................... 7,101,445 579 9,146 39,457 348,240 887,221 1,833,899 2,101,540 1,274,181 607,182

Private ...................................................... 5,617,069 50,835 185,394 462,731 1,057,240 1,004,416 815,121 770,577 293,794 976,961

Research university, very high1 ............. 501,175 0 0 0 2,130 0 65,700 205,661 117,496 110,188

Research university, high2..................... 319,342 0 0 0 2,261 19,177 47,841 140,842 75,091 34,130

Doctoral/research university3 ................ 805,447 0 227 2,475 13,170 47,179 123,815 91,060 74,577 452,944

Master’s4 ............................................... 1,653,144 585 2,899 16,942 183,904 553,454 454,022 218,408 26,630 196,300

Baccalaureate5...................................... 1,193,042 2,690 24,222 132,743 530,692 220,287 56,864 73,069 0 152,475

Specialized institutions6 ........................ 724,958 29,329 82,574 145,837 186,351 141,527 66,879 41,537 0 30,924

Art, music, or design ......................... 181,299 1,981 10,814 19,597 62,004 41,265 17,422 28,216 0 0

Business and management .............. 191,738 2,554 9,925 28,629 33,080 36,041 37,264 13,321 0 30,924

Engineering or technology ................ 99,189 1,452 12,956 33,370 23,167 22,039 6,205 0 0 0

Medical or other health ..................... 117,708 5,317 14,933 28,463 39,173 29,822000 0

Theological........................................ 84,463 16,835 26,529 20,455 11,690 2,966 5,988 0 0 0

Other specialized .............................. 50,561 1,190 7,417 15,323 17,237 9,394000 0

2-year.................................................... 419,961 18,231 75,472 164,734 138,732 22,792000 0
346 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Enrollment

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09

Line 

number Institution State

Control1 Type2

Total fall enrollment Fall enrollment, 2009

Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Total

Sex

Male Female

1 2 345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

i United States, all institutions5 ............................. † † † 13,818,637 15,312,289 17,758,870 18,248,128 19,102,814 20,427,711 8,769,504 11,658,207

ii Colleges with enrollment over 15,000 .......................... † † † 6,166,764 6,671,162 7,895,870 8,211,347 8,599,148 9,143,046 4,074,652 5,068,394

1 Auburn University, Main Campus.............................. AL 1 1 21,537 21,860 23,547 24,137 24,530 24,602 12,590 12,012

2 Troy University .......................................................... AL 1 1 5,024 12,541 27,938 28,955 28,303 29,328 11,061 18,267

3 University of Alabama............................................... AL 1 1 19,794 19,277 23,838 25,544 27,014 28,699 13,434 15,265

4 University of Alabama at Birmingham ...................... AL 1 1 15,356 14,951 16,561 16,246 16,149 16,874 6,814 10,060

5 University of Alaska Anchorage................................ AK 1 1 17,490 14,794 16,163 16,463 16,649 17,276 7,122 10,154

6 Arizona State University ........................................... AZ 1 1 42,936 44,126 51,234 51,481 67,082 68,064 33,005 35,059

7 Glendale Community College................................... AZ 1 2 18,512 20,091 19,133 18,444 18,228 20,154 9,355 10,799

8 Grand Canyon University.......................................... AZ 3 1 1,813 3,615 10,297 13,415 22,025 34,205 8,448 25,757

9 Mesa Community College......................................... AZ 1 2 19,818 22,821 25,881 24,470 23,825 25,960 12,423 13,537

10 Northern Arizona University...................................... AZ 1 1 16,992 19,964 20,555 21,347 22,502 23,597 8,999 14,598

11 Pima Community College ......................................... AZ 1 2 28,766 28,078 32,532 32,982 34,136 35,880 16,315 19,565

12 Rio Salado College................................................... AZ 1 2 10,480 11,275 17,952 18,331 19,186 20,865 7,292 13,573

13 University of Arizona................................................. AZ 1 1 35,729 34,488 36,805 37,217 38,057 38,767 18,440 20,327

14 University of Phoenix, Online Campus ..................... AZ 3 1 † 14,783 165,373 224,880 301,323 380,232 115,950 264,282

15 University of Arkansas.............................................. AR 1 1 14,732 15,346 17,926 18,648 19,194 19,849 10,209 9,640

16 Academy of Art University ........................................ CA 3 1 1,767 5,995 9,483 11,334 13,181 15,413 6,620 8,793

17 American River College............................................ CA 1 2 18,716 28,420 31,908 33,821 34,610 35,413 16,382 19,031

18 Antelope Valley College............................................ CA 1 2 8,077 10,315 12,156 13,312 15,108 15,705 6,352 9,353

19 Bakersfield College................................................... CA 1 2 10,776 14,466 15,850 17,405 19,287 18,402 8,043 10,359

20 Cabrillo College ........................................................ CA 1 2 12,075 12,807 14,217 15,114 16,387 15,974 7,430 8,544

21 California Polytechnic State U., San Luis Obispo ..... CA 1 1 17,751 16,877 18,722 19,777 19,471 19,325 10,837 8,488

22 California State Polytechnic University, Pomona....... CA 1 1 19,468 18,424 20,510 21,477 21,190 22,273 12,459 9,814

23 California State University, Chico.............................. CA 1 1 16,633 15,912 16,250 17,034 17,132 16,934 8,064 8,870

24 California State University, Fresno............................ CA 1 1 19,960 19,056 22,098 22,383 22,613 21,500 8,802 12,698

25 California State University, Fullerton......................... CA 1 1 25,592 28,381 35,921 37,130 36,996 36,262 15,080 21,182

26 California State University, Long Beach.................... CA 1 1 33,987 30,918 35,574 36,868 37,891 35,557 14,260 21,297

27 California State University, Los Angeles ................... CA 1 1 21,597 19,593 20,565 21,051 20,743 20,619 8,098 12,521

28 California State University, Northridge...................... CA 1 1 31,167 29,066 34,560 35,446 36,208 35,198 14,838 20,360

29 California State University, Sacramento.................... CA 1 1 26,336 25,714 28,529 28,829 29,011 29,241 12,084 17,157

30 California State University, San Bernardino.............. CA 1 1 11,923 14,909 16,479 17,066 17,646 17,852 6,398 11,454

31 Cerritos College........................................................ CA 1 2 15,886 24,536 22,434 22,273 23,236 21,776 9,492 12,284

32 Chabot College......................................................... CA 1 2 19,705 13,615 12,744 13,229 13,398 15,375 6,971 8,404

33 Chaffey College ........................................................ CA 1 2 10,985 15,220 17,916 18,736 20,304 21,399 8,773 12,626

34 City College of San Francisco................................... CA 1 2 24,408 39,386 44,392 46,411 34,868 32,950 15,032 17,918

35 College of the Canyons ............................................ CA 1 2 4,815 10,528 17,067 17,499 21,010 21,575 12,536 9,039

36 Cosumnes River College.......................................... CA 1 2 8,235 16,493 11,977 12,967 14,401 15,946 6,940 9,006

37 Cypress College ....................................................... CA 1 2 11,917 21,361 12,898 13,592 15,102 15,439 6,949 8,490

38 De Anza College....................................................... CA 1 2 21,948 22,770 22,938 24,115 26,056 25,191 12,637 12,554

39 Diablo Valley College................................................ CA 1 2 20,255 21,581 19,302 19,768 21,205 21,951 10,509 11,442

40 East Los Angeles College ........................................ CA 1 2 12,447 27,199 27,481 28,889 34,065 35,717 17,054 18,663

41 El Camino Community College District..................... CA 1 2 25,789 24,067 23,488 24,895 27,098 27,237 12,936 14,301

42 Foothill College ......................................................... CA 1 2 12,811 14,193 16,936 18,132 19,485 18,293 9,112 9,181

43 Fresno City College .................................................. CA 1 2 14,710 19,351 22,040 21,624 24,783 25,511 12,380 13,131

44 Fullerton College ...................................................... CA 1 2 17,548 19,993 19,995 20,719 22,068 22,469 10,956 11,513

45 Glendale Community College................................... CA 1 2 12,072 15,596 15,727 16,827 16,166 16,781 7,386 9,395

46 Grossmont College................................................... CA 1 2 15,357 16,309 16,530 17,359 16,082 20,335 8,752 11,583

47 Long Beach City College .......................................... CA 1 2 18,378 20,926 23,509 25,536 26,927 27,894 13,442 14,452

48 Los Angeles City College ......................................... CA 1 2 14,479 15,174 15,654 17,204 19,672 19,873 8,428 11,445

49 Los Angeles Pierce College ..................................... CA 1 2 16,970 16,111 18,690 19,526 22,434 21,928 9,954 11,974

50 Los Angeles Trade Technical College....................... CA 1 2 12,030 18,164 13,393 13,194 17,487 15,968 8,369 7,599

51 Los Angeles Valley College ...................................... CA 1 2 16,457 17,393 16,767 17,264 19,542 19,951 8,340 11,611

52 Modesto Junior College............................................ CA 1 2 11,300 15,158 18,034 18,546 19,307 18,410 7,734 10,676

53 Moorpark College ..................................................... CA 1 2 10,471 13,233 13,888 14,495 16,090 16,393 7,533 8,860

54 Mount San Antonio College...................................... CA 1 2 20,563 28,329 29,079 29,842 30,026 29,935 14,373 15,562

55 Mount San Jacinto Community College District........ CA 1 2 3,978 9,045 12,493 14,197 15,924 17,583 7,167 10,416

56 National University.................................................... CA 2 1 8,836 16,848 25,844 26,363 15,521 15,553 5,417 10,136

57 Orange Coast College .............................................. CA 1 2 22,365 23,315 22,680 24,424 24,742 25,316 12,871 12,445

58 Palomar College ....................................................... CA 1 2 16,707 21,062 26,118 27,222 26,805 27,442 14,301 13,141

59 Pasadena City College ............................................. CA 1 2 19,581 22,948 25,873 26,672 26,713 26,453 12,524 13,929

60 Reedley College ....................................................... CA 1 2 3,078 9,081 11,782 12,158 14,223 15,384 6,355 9,029

61 Rio Hondo College ................................................... CA 1 2 12,048 19,506 20,121 21,041 20,609 22,432 12,236 10,196

62 Riverside Community College .................................. CA 1 2 15,683 22,107 29,486 30,961 36,146 36,586 15,841 20,745

63 Sacramento City College.......................................... CA 1 2 14,474 20,878 22,615 24,596 26,128 27,171 11,324 15,847

64 Saddleback College.................................................. CA 1 2 14,527 18,563 18,243 18,371 16,679 23,260 10,532 12,728

65 San Diego City College ............................................ CA 1 2 13,737 27,165 16,203 17,013 18,637 18,074 8,310 9,764

66 San Diego Mesa College.......................................... CA 1 2 23,410 21,233 21,131 21,437 23,059 23,211 11,039 12,172

67 San Diego State University....................................... CA 1 1 35,493 31,609 33,441 35,695 34,889 32,817 14,017 18,800

68 San Francisco State University................................. CA 1 1 29,343 26,826 29,628 30,125 30,014 30,469 12,280 18,189

69 San Joaquin Delta College ....................................... CA 1 2 14,792 16,973 17,121 18,668 20,190 20,223 8,603 11,620

70 San Jose State University......................................... CA 1 1 30,334 26,698 29,604 31,906 32,746 31,280 14,430 16,850

71 Santa Ana College.................................................... CA 1 2 20,532 27,571 33,203 33,514 33,916 31,073 19,749 11,324

72 Santa Barbara City College ...................................... CA 1 2 11,031 13,834 21,016 21,632 19,081 19,753 9,261 10,492

73 Santa Monica College .............................................. CA 1 2 18,108 27,868 28,337 28,958 31,404 32,313 14,489 17,824

74 Santa Rosa Junior College....................................... CA 1 2 20,475 27,020 24,806 25,626 20,298 25,877 11,510 14,367

75 Sierra College........................................................... CA 1 2 11,637 17,517 18,339 18,859 20,664 20,688 9,606 11,082

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 347

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Fall enrollment, 2009 Earned degrees conferred, 2008–09

 Total expenses

and deductions,

2008–09 (in

thousands)3

Full-time-equivalent enrollment

Line

number

Attendance status Percent combined Black, Hispanic,

Asian/Pacific Islander, and

American Indian/Alaska Native4

Student level

Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s

First

profesFull-time Part-time sional Doctor’s Fall 2008 Fall 2009UndergraduatePostbaccalaureate

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

12,722,782 7,704,929 34.3 17,565,320 2,862,391 787,325 1,601,368 656,784 92,004 46,900 $430,743,890 14,394,238 15,495,892 i

5,716,534 3,426,512 37.4 7,630,647 1,512,399 262,313 793,685 337,745 39,489 44,537 212,071,440 6,447,878 6,958,488 ii

20,996 3,606 12.6 19,926 4,676 † 3,942 865 215 222 722,465 22,279 22,365 1

13,221 16,107 50.6 22,212 7,116 446 2,498 2,420 † † 242,413 18,742 19,513 2

24,935 3,764 15.7 23,700 4,999 † 3,713 1,265 172 192 658,672 24,873 26,379 3

11,648 5,226 28.7 10,646 6,228 † 1,916 1,075 256 186 2,223,549 13,041 13,652 4

7,786 9,490 23.0 16,242 1,034 663 956 270 † † 244,488 11,087 11,583 5

54,626 13,438 28.7 54,277 13,787 † 11,229 3,615 179 587 1,465,566 57,636 59,850 6

7,126 13,028 39.7 20,154 † 1,132 † † † † 90,312 9,992 11,500 7

7,534 26,671 35.7 18,999 15,206 † 956 3,809 † 0 148,517 3,890 17,875 8

8,853 17,107 33.5 25,960 † 1,729 † † † † 114,904 12,880 14,596 9

17,288 6,309 25.9 18,300 5,297 † 3,151 1,719 † 103 368,343 18,327 19,699 10

11,708 24,172 43.8 35,880 † 2,232 † † † † 172,490 18,032 19,823 11

2,395 18,470 29.7 20,865 † 379 † † † † 79,879 7,696 8,596 12

33,106 5,661 28.6 30,346 8,421 † 5,914 1,489 345 479 1,446,773 34,274 35,290 13

380,232 † 39.1 314,308 65,924 23,824 14,576 17,246 † 467 1,965,845 301,323 380,232 14

15,441 4,408 13.3 15,835 4,014 † 2,492 946 122 160 613,972 16,490 17,121 15

9,101 6,312 32.4 10,864 4,549 73 750 376 † † 185,169 8,204 11,561 16

9,209 26,204 44.0 35,413 † 1,863 † † † † 154,923 17,407 18,007 17

4,777 10,928 65.9 15,705 † 840 † † † † 111,192 8,262 8,446 18

5,962 12,440 63.9 18,402 † 993 † † † † 122,844 10,790 10,139 19

4,785 11,189 37.2 15,974 † 760 † † † † 104,672 8,205 8,542 20

18,336 989 26.8 18,302 1,023 † 3,796 363 † † 314,894 18,802 18,722 21

17,476 4,797 66.9 20,136 2,137 † 3,503 397 † † 287,159 18,413 19,357 22

15,160 1,774 24.5 15,614 1,320 † 3,230 373 † † 218,119 16,010 15,855 23

17,444 4,056 58.5 18,343 3,157 † 3,549 813 † 12 285,931 19,636 19,031 24

25,436 10,826 60.2 30,737 5,525 † 6,580 1,421 † † 377,034 30,085 29,678 25

26,754 8,803 61.9 29,324 6,233 † 6,685 1,686 † † 412,168 32,080 30,172 26

13,850 6,769 78.2 16,008 4,611 † 2,890 1,154 † † 259,145 16,580 16,472 27

24,473 10,725 56.8 29,576 5,622 † 6,416 1,549 † † 396,576 29,835 28,674 28

22,496 6,745 49.2 24,820 4,421 † 5,075 1,111 † 1 346,734 24,236 25,136 29

13,649 4,203 64.5 14,619 3,233 † 2,702 742 † † 231,239 14,915 15,263 30

6,782 14,994 84.4 21,776 † 1,050 † † † † 133,852 12,405 11,816 31

4,344 11,031 76.5 15,375 † 699 † † † † 105,694 6,775 8,048 32

7,264 14,135 70.4 21,399 † 1,274 † † † † 119,217 11,229 12,010 33

7,278 25,672 69.0 32,950 † 1,120 † † † † 336,459 17,628 15,897 34

6,129 15,446 50.5 21,575 † 1,024 † † † † 110,834 11,055 11,315 35

4,369 11,577 68.9 15,946 † 580 † † † † 68,071 7,688 8,256 36

5,679 9,760 68.6 15,439 † 763 † † † † 98,710 8,530 8,956 37

11,139 14,052 66.3 25,191 † 1,195 † † † † — 15,672 15,857 38

7,376 14,575 43.4 21,951 † 604 † † † † 113,071 11,865 12,269 39

7,738 27,979 89.9 35,717 † 1,215 † † † † 136,148 15,848 17,132 40

8,521 18,716 75.9 27,237 † 1,139 † † † † 173,268 14,723 14,805 41

4,985 13,308 47.2 18,293 † 504 † † † † 119,286 9,518 9,453 42

7,781 17,730 70.6 25,511 † 1,436 † † † † 145,285 14,065 13,734 43

8,879 13,590 63.3 22,469 † 1,140 † † † † 154,393 13,256 13,442 44

5,964 10,817 39.8 16,781 † 674 † † † † 133,243 9,140 9,596 45

7,631 12,704 44.8 20,335 † 1,157 † † † † 78,471 8,305 11,896 46

9,070 18,824 72.2 27,894 † 968 † † † † 195,008 14,259 15,390 47

5,700 14,173 75.3 19,873 † 656 † † † † 106,998 10,081 10,458 48

5,896 16,032 60.9 21,928 † 924 † † † † 96,400 11,700 11,279 49

3,932 12,036 92.6 15,968 † 386 † † † † 78,628 8,381 7,973 50

4,671 15,280 64.9 19,951 † 887 † † † † 87,458 9,611 9,801 51

6,512 11,898 50.7 18,410 † 1,253 † † † † 138,170 11,048 10,507 52

6,716 9,677 35.6 16,393 † 1,250 † † † † 63,050 9,639 9,965 53

10,501 19,434 80.3 29,935 † 2,107 † † † † 212,530 16,609 17,026 54

6,356 11,227 51.5 17,583 † 1,511 † † † † 81,129 9,014 10,125 55

8,504 7,049 42.0 5,150 10,403 86 1,113 3,473 † † 160,031 10,976 11,225 56

9,797 15,519 51.9 25,316 † 1,594 † † † † 144,194 14,801 15,007 57

9,170 18,272 45.8 27,442 † 1,611 † † † † 145,122 14,766 15,305 58

9,164 17,289 75.8 26,453 † 1,683 † † † † 180,601 15,071 14,969 59

6,207 9,177 62.1 15,384 † 694 † † † † 83,665 8,536 9,288 60

5,125 17,307 87.0 22,432 † 833 † † † † 95,606 10,240 10,936 61

11,251 25,335 66.7 36,586 † 2,501 † † † † 228,449 18,958 19,757 62

7,097 20,074 65.7 27,171 † 1,252 † † † † 122,590 13,458 13,837 63

7,451 15,809 30.6 23,260 † 997 † † † † 100,800 8,637 12,759 64

3,377 14,697 67.8 18,074 † 661 † † † † 110,838 8,589 8,311 65

5,178 18,033 54.8 23,211 † 916 † † † † 151,143 11,484 11,232 66

25,883 6,934 46.6 26,800 6,017 † 6,830 1,743 † 66 485,908 30,473 28,561 67

23,001 7,468 56.2 25,434 5,035 † 5,473 1,543 † 6 437,220 25,762 25,927 68

7,849 12,374 68.0 20,223 † 2,065 † † † † 156,421 11,903 12,003 69

21,893 9,387 59.3 24,273 7,007 † 4,730 2,768 † † 396,659 27,290 25,538 70

4,647 26,426 63.7 31,073 † 1,292 † † † † 131,794 14,434 13,519 71

7,816 11,937 44.6 19,753 † 1,188 † † † † 132,250 10,909 11,824 72

11,468 20,845 57.3 32,313 † 1,329 † † † † 204,960 17,943 18,466 73

8,579 17,298 34.1 25,877 † 1,188 † † † † 152,562 10,805 14,387 74

7,609 13,079 24.6 20,688 † 2,260 † † † † 118,041 11,751 12,000 75

See notes at end of table.
348 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

76 Southwestern College .............................................. CA 1 2 13,010 17,994 19,446 20,153 22,030 21,597 10,013 11,584

77 Stanford University.................................................... CA 2 1 14,724 18,549 17,747 19,782 17,833 18,498 10,642 7,856

78 University of California, Berkeley.............................. CA 1 1 30,634 31,277 33,920 34,940 35,396 35,830 17,686 18,144

79 University of California, Davis................................... CA 1 1 23,890 26,094 29,628 29,796 30,568 31,247 13,983 17,264

80 University of California, Irvine................................... CA 1 1 16,808 20,211 25,230 26,483 26,984 27,142 13,287 13,855

81 University of California, Los Angeles ........................ CA 1 1 36,420 36,890 36,611 37,476 38,220 38,550 18,150 20,400

82 University of California, Riverside............................. CA 1 1 8,708 13,015 16,875 17,187 18,079 19,384 9,435 9,949

83 University of California, San Diego ........................... CA 1 1 17,790 20,197 26,247 27,020 27,520 28,418 14,216 14,202

84 University of California, Santa Barbara..................... CA 1 1 18,385 19,962 21,082 21,410 21,868 22,850 10,816 12,034

85 University of California, Santa Cruz.......................... CA 1 1 10,054 12,144 15,364 15,825 16,615 16,775 7,958 8,817

86 University of Southern California .............................. CA 2 1 28,374 29,194 33,389 33,408 33,747 34,824 17,952 16,872

87 Colorado State University ......................................... CO 1 1 26,828 26,807 27,636 27,569 28,882 28,902 14,001 14,901

88 Colorado Technical University Online ....................... CO 3 1 † † 16,314 21,876 25,797 30,924 10,623 20,301

89 Front Range Community College.............................. CO 1 2 9,706 12,962 14,749 15,270 15,695 18,713 8,059 10,654

90 Metropolitan State College of Denver....................... CO 1 1 17,400 17,688 21,154 21,425 21,729 22,837 10,334 12,503

91 University of Colorado at Boulder ............................. CO 1 1 28,600 29,352 31,665 31,796 32,469 33,010 17,505 15,505

92 University of Colorado Denver .................................. CO 1 1 11,512 13,737 20,162 21,658 21,903 23,715 9,781 13,934

93 University of Connecticut.......................................... CT 1 1 25,497 19,393 23,557 23,692 24,273 25,029 12,411 12,618

94 University of Delaware.............................................. DE 1 1 20,818 19,072 20,380 20,342 20,500 21,138 9,202 11,936

95 George Washington University ................................. DC 2 1 19,103 20,527 24,531 25,078 25,116 25,061 11,066 13,995

96 Georgetown University ............................................. DC 2 1 11,525 12,427 14,148 14,826 15,318 16,520 8,009 8,511

97 Strayer University...................................................... DC 3 1 2,916 1,425 30,654 35,754 45,491 54,325 17,609 36,716

98 Brevard Community College..................................... FL 1 2 14,319 13,265 13,670 14,496 15,607 17,853 7,613 10,240

99 Broward College ....................................................... FL 1 1 24,365 27,389 30,607 31,730 33,448 37,360 15,196 22,164

100 Daytona State College.............................................. FL 1 1 10,950 10,420 12,064 13,675 15,030 17,352 6,663 10,689

101 Edison State College ................................................ FL 1 1 8,919 8,919 10,474 11,369 13,007 16,034 6,172 9,862

102 Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide.... FL 2 1 † † 15,570 15,189 15,225 15,249 13,271 1,978

103 Florida Atlantic University ......................................... FL 1 1 12,767 21,046 25,325 26,193 26,839 27,637 11,411 16,226

104 Florida International University................................. FL 1 1 22,466 31,945 37,997 38,182 38,759 39,610 17,157 22,453

105 Florida State College at Jacksonville........................ FL 1 1 20,974 20,838 22,732 24,939 25,903 28,877 11,525 17,352

106 Florida State University............................................. FL 1 1 28,170 33,971 39,973 40,555 38,682 39,785 17,766 22,019

107 Hillsborough Community College ............................. FL 1 2 19,134 18,497 21,293 22,621 24,037 26,964 11,349 15,615

108 Indian River State College........................................ FL 1 1 12,774 13,186 13,270 14,932 15,366 17,110 6,663 10,447

109 Keiser University, Ft. Lauderdale .............................. FL 3 1 104 3,086 9,639 11,548 13,392 16,882 4,864 12,018

110 Miami Dade College ................................................. FL 1 1 50,078 46,834 51,329 54,094 57,222 59,120 23,786 35,334

111 Nova Southeastern University .................................. FL 2 1 9,562 18,587 25,960 27,518 28,378 29,153 8,666 20,487

112 Palm Beach State College........................................ FL 1 1 18,392 17,326 21,563 22,881 25,122 28,017 11,962 16,055

113 Saint Petersburg College.......................................... FL 1 1 20,012 19,900 24,558 25,450 26,659 29,282 11,415 17,867

114 Santa Fe College ...................................................... FL 1 1 11,053 12,464 14,012 14,824 14,796 15,043 6,889 8,154

115 Seminole State College of Florida ............................ FL 1 2 7,799 9,042 11,655 12,745 14,049 16,417 6,833 9,584

116 University of Central Florida ..................................... FL 1 1 21,541 33,713 46,646 48,398 50,121 53,401 23,809 29,592

117 University of Florida.................................................. FL 1 1 35,477 45,114 50,912 51,725 51,474 50,691 23,509 27,182

118 University of Miami ................................................... FL 2 1 13,841 13,963 15,670 15,449 15,323 15,629 7,574 8,055

119 University of North Florida........................................ FL 1 1 8,021 12,550 15,954 16,406 15,280 16,477 7,134 9,343

120 University of South Florida, Main Campus ............... FL 1 1 32,326 35,561 43,636 44,870 46,189 40,022 16,908 23,114

121 Valencia Community College.................................... FL 1 2 18,438 27,565 30,245 32,870 35,460 39,008 16,924 22,084

122 Georgia Institute of Technology, Main Campus ........ GA 1 1 12,241 14,805 17,936 18,742 19,413 20,291 14,519 5,772

123 Georgia Perimeter College ....................................... GA 1 2 13,944 13,708 19,955 21,473 22,808 24,549 9,498 15,051

124 Georgia Southern University .................................... GA 1 1 12,249 14,184 16,425 16,841 17,764 19,086 9,378 9,708

125 Georgia State University........................................... GA 1 1 23,336 23,625 26,135 27,134 28,229 30,427 11,977 18,450

126 Kennesaw State University ....................................... GA 1 1 10,018 13,360 19,844 20,607 21,449 22,389 9,125 13,264

127 University of Georgia ................................................ GA 1 1 28,395 31,288 33,959 33,831 34,180 34,885 14,715 20,170

128 University of Hawaii at Manoa .................................. HI 1 1 18,799 17,263 20,357 20,051 20,169 20,435 9,099 11,336

129 Boise State University............................................... ID 1 1 13,367 16,287 18,829 19,540 19,667 18,933 8,596 10,337

130 American InterContinental University, Online ........... IL 3 1 † † 24,073 22,173 22,798 26,630 8,651 17,979

131 College of DuPage.................................................... IL 1 2 29,185 28,862 26,032 25,768 25,668 27,083 12,439 14,644

132 College of Lake County ............................................ IL 1 2 13,526 14,441 15,558 16,010 16,359 18,092 7,956 10,136

133 DePaul University ..................................................... IL 2 1 15,711 20,548 23,149 23,401 24,352 25,072 11,599 13,473

134 DeVry University, Illinois ........................................... IL 3 1 3,303 4,095 16,113 19,417 24,624 30,127 14,309 15,818

135 Harper College ......................................................... IL 1 2 16,509 15,021 15,053 15,156 15,250 15,711 7,058 8,653

136 Illinois State University.............................................. IL 1 1 22,662 20,755 20,521 20,274 20,799 21,184 9,098 12,086

137 Joliet Junior College ................................................. IL 1 2 9,645 11,334 12,924 13,149 14,088 15,288 6,699 8,589

138 Loyola University Chicago ........................................ IL 2 1 14,780 12,605 15,194 15,545 15,670 15,879 5,728 10,151

139 Moraine Valley Community College.......................... IL 1 2 13,601 12,972 15,693 15,859 17,477 17,774 8,194 9,580

140 Northern Illinois University........................................ IL 1 1 24,509 23,248 25,313 25,254 24,397 24,424 11,579 12,845

141 Northwestern University ........................................... IL 2 1 17,041 16,952 18,486 19,005 19,291 19,853 10,179 9,674

142 Southern Illinois University Carbondale.................... IL 1 1 24,078 22,552 21,003 20,983 20,673 20,350 11,091 9,259

143 Triton College............................................................ IL 1 2 16,759 16,927 15,738 15,658 15,547 15,706 6,946 8,760

144 University of Chicago................................................ IL 2 1 10,867 12,531 14,263 14,538 14,788 15,094 8,516 6,578

145 University of Illinois at Chicago................................. IL 1 1 24,959 24,942 24,644 25,747 25,835 26,840 12,059 14,781

146 University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign.............. IL 1 1 38,163 38,465 42,738 42,326 43,246 43,881 23,389 20,492

147 Ball State University.................................................. IN 1 1 20,343 19,004 20,030 19,849 20,243 21,401 9,823 11,578

148 Indiana University, Bloomington................................ IN 1 1 35,451 37,076 38,247 38,990 40,354 42,347 21,380 20,967

See notes at end of table.

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Line 

number Institution State

Control1 Type2

Total fall enrollment Fall enrollment, 2009

Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Total

Sex

Male Female

1 2 345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 349

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

7,904 13,693 86.0 21,597 † 1,152 † † † † 123,550 10,625 12,501 76

14,562 3,936 35.6 6,602 11,896 † 1,680 2,004 259 661 3,129,846 15,705 16,067 77

34,089 1,741 53.3 25,530 10,300 † 7,249 2,033 347 869 1,892,784 34,305 34,750 78

29,804 1,443 53.9 24,626 6,621 † 5,762 824 394 500 2,766,817 29,641 30,359 79

26,169 973 66.6 22,226 4,916 † 5,625 1,138 77 402 1,761,994 26,301 26,543 80

37,174 1,376 53.2 26,687 11,863 † 7,220 2,634 622 760 4,297,383 37,430 37,710 81

18,783 601 74.1 16,996 2,388 † 3,055 406 † 188 565,764 17,791 19,021 82

27,502 916 61.7 23,143 5,275 † 5,323 990 164 437 2,589,151 27,008 27,863 83

22,158 692 43.0 19,796 3,054 † 4,881 611 † 347 782,882 21,503 22,429 84

16,254 521 45.3 15,259 1,516 † 3,271 262 † 145 539,706 16,310 16,461 85

30,578 4,246 41.2 16,751 18,073 † 4,295 4,583 768 803 2,191,669 31,140 32,207 86

22,884 6,018 14.3 22,221 6,681 † 4,232 1,225 125 227 782,397 24,728 25,156 87

30,924 † 42.3 28,159 2,765 5,236 2,454 1,599 † † 203,478 25,797 30,924 88

6,905 11,808 20.1 18,713 † 1,010 † † † † 79,717 8,977 10,869 89

14,321 8,516 27.5 22,837 † † 2,588 † † † 134,640 16,590 17,758 90

27,408 5,602 15.4 27,219 5,791 † 5,481 1,063 166 300 941,566 28,994 29,530 91

11,267 12,448 23.5 13,246 10,469 † 1,743 1,736 366 152 1,161,661 14,668 16,021 92

21,191 3,838 21.0 17,008 8,021 19 4,610 1,532 421 266 1,762,235 21,921 22,607 93

18,469 2,669 15.9 17,504 3,634 195 3,569 727 † 251 702,105 18,902 19,505 94

16,261 8,800 27.9 10,558 14,503 214 2,428 3,611 717 294 953,346 19,421 19,633 95

13,461 3,059 22.9 7,461 9,059 † 1,766 2,164 864 103 937,521 13,950 14,633 96

8,195 46,130 72.9 39,864 14,461 702 2,446 2,253 † † 319,995 8,119 26,209 97

7,147 10,706 22.0 17,853 † 2,244 † † † † 94,899 9,308 10,741 98

13,490 23,870 66.8 37,360 † 3,898 0 † † † 205,484 20,381 23,123 99

8,368 8,984 27.9 17,352 † 1,906 97 † † † 116,024 8,242 11,993 100

5,724 10,310 33.2 16,034 † 1,532 13 † † † 65,755 7,975 9,885 101

3,708 11,541 26.2 11,131 4,118 676 2,200 959 † † — 8,131 8,215 102

14,899 12,738 41.1 22,843 4,794 157 4,467 1,102 † 90 402,663 19,139 19,909 103

23,973 15,637 76.6 31,729 7,881 51 5,663 2,230 123 127 599,355 29,369 30,141 104

9,893 18,984 37.4 28,877 † 3,206 3 † † † 182,048 15,272 17,554 105

33,687 6,098 26.1 30,803 8,982 157 7,630 2,129 337 343 908,011 34,604 36,022 106

11,277 15,687 48.0 26,964 † 2,452 † † † † 134,962 13,802 16,544 107

5,966 11,144 31.6 17,110 † 1,731 34 † † † 107,977 9,418 10,463 108

10,580 6,302 53.4 16,524 358 2,652 388 26 † † 174,364 8,078 13,053 109

22,313 36,807 89.5 59,120 † 7,489 150 † † † 417,097 36,075 37,166 110

14,847 14,306 55.5 5,867 23,286 4 1,305 4,393 960 772 537,179 19,337 20,334 111

10,525 17,492 48.4 28,017 † 2,657 † † † † 130,449 15,690 17,584 112

9,555 19,727 22.3 29,282 † 2,924 668 † † † 172,217 15,929 17,516 113

6,616 8,427 30.5 15,043 † 2,767 † † † † 86,480 9,993 10,017 114

7,064 9,353 37.2 16,417 † 1,704 † † † † 85,801 8,593 10,204 115

37,609 15,792 30.2 45,371 8,030 202 9,373 1,848 † 192 695,122 41,057 43,788 116

43,960 6,731 31.0 33,628 17,063 277 9,207 3,544 1,187 841 2,157,318 47,408 46,491 117

14,212 1,417 39.0 10,370 5,259 † 2,575 862 559 199 2,141,466 14,568 14,763 118

11,254 5,223 23.8 14,495 1,982 476 2,892 586 † 33 205,948 12,328 13,312 119

27,329 12,693 33.5 30,536 9,486 186 6,067 2,083 114 288 897,723 36,125 32,248 120

17,591 21,417 53.7 39,008 † 5,128 † † † † 199,148 22,410 24,781 121

17,928 2,363 24.4 13,515 6,776 † 2,695 1,877 † 490 1,051,641 18,097 18,828 122

11,522 13,027 62.7 24,549 † 1,499 † † † † 145,908 14,186 15,896 123

15,771 3,315 27.2 16,486 2,600 † 2,378 497 † 55 241,161 15,812 17,041 124

22,012 8,415 48.9 22,361 8,066 † 3,842 1,754 182 213 522,917 23,230 25,282 125

16,535 5,854 23.6 20,304 2,085 † 3,019 944 † † 223,075 17,723 18,853 126

31,017 3,868 17.2 26,142 8,743 † 6,316 1,676 438 459 1,138,522 31,512 32,477 127

14,726 5,709 64.0 13,952 6,483 † 2,933 1,155 148 205 908,664 16,549 16,900 128

12,874 6,059 13.3 16,693 2,240 292 1,992 482 † 9 279,320 15,129 15,256 129

25,208 1,422 49.7 24,384 2,246 5,005 2,858 1,534 † † 261,697 22,798 25,765 130

10,591 16,492 32.2 27,083 † 1,630 † † † † 175,623 15,182 16,128 131

5,779 12,313 43.2 18,092 † 968 † † † † 109,467 8,950 9,913 132

18,789 6,283 32.0 16,199 8,873 † 3,131 2,672 320 30 434,340 20,405 21,222 133

9,375 20,752 46.5 22,896 7,231 468 2,158 2,025 † † 199,422 7,964 17,460 134

6,988 8,723 35.3 15,711 † 1,271 † † † † 131,447 9,606 9,917 135

18,494 2,690 12.6 18,389 2,795 † 4,117 713 † 45 399,698 19,104 19,512 136

6,668 8,620 30.1 15,288 † 1,115 † † † † 105,723 8,751 9,562 137

13,626 2,253 25.7 10,077 5,802 † 2,124 1,247 438 142 421,527 14,379 14,494 138

7,761 10,013 26.8 17,774 † 1,251 † † † † 88,233 10,762 11,123 139

18,548 5,876 26.4 18,277 6,147 † 4,027 1,497 92 124 484,375 20,876 20,754 140

16,477 3,376 27.8 9,555 10,298 † 2,110 2,804 421 451 1,588,143 17,352 17,778 141

16,261 4,089 25.1 15,551 4,799 69 4,130 1,008 178 137 652,763 18,353 17,821 142

4,960 10,746 58.1 15,706 † 813 † † † † 66,275 8,129 8,568 143

12,067 3,027 28.3 5,114 9,980 † 1,207 2,496 328 366 2,543,875 13,025 13,224 144

22,126 4,714 43.9 16,044 10,796 † 3,379 1,879 533 318 2,072,105 23,014 23,879 145

39,877 4,004 24.0 31,477 12,404 † 7,399 2,677 297 784 1,966,957 40,951 41,360 146

17,693 3,708 10.3 17,737 3,664 371 3,057 1,004 † 68 396,733 18,051 19,090 147

37,472 4,875 12.0 32,490 9,857 23 5,941 1,905 288 441 1,197,588 37,482 39,295 148

See notes at end of table.

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Fall enrollment, 2009 Earned degrees conferred, 2008–09

 Total expenses

and deductions,

2008–09 (in

thousands)3

Full-time-equivalent enrollment

Line

number

Attendance status Percent combined Black, Hispanic,

Asian/Pacific Islander, and

American Indian/Alaska Native4

Student level

Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s

First

profesFull-time Part-time sional Doctor’s Fall 2008 Fall 2009UndergraduatePostbaccalaureate

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
350 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

149 Indiana University, Purdue U., Indianapolis .............. IN 1 1 27,517 27,525 29,764 29,854 30,300 30,383 12,898 17,485

150 Indiana Wesleyan University..................................... IN 2 1 2,719 7,088 13,917 14,756 15,442 15,345 5,486 9,859

151 Ivy Tech Community College, Central Indiana.......... IN 1 2 4,871 6,748 11,189 13,439 16,415 19,533 8,201 11,332

152 Purdue University, Main Campus.............................. IN 1 1 37,588 39,667 40,609 40,534 41,433 41,052 24,043 17,009

153 Ashford University..................................................... IA 3 1 311 616 3,836 10,568 25,605 46,835 13,255 33,580

154 Des Moines Area Community College...................... IA 1 2 10,553 10,998 16,853 18,320 18,695 22,324 10,129 12,195

155 Iowa State University ................................................ IA 1 1 25,737 26,845 25,462 26,160 26,856 27,945 15,728 12,217

156 Kaplan University...................................................... IA 3 1 641 376 25,168 32,734 45,153 71,011 18,361 52,650

157 Kirkwood Community College................................... IA 1 2 8,623 11,645 15,064 15,091 15,241 17,841 8,527 9,314

158 University of Iowa...................................................... IA 1 1 28,785 28,311 28,816 29,117 29,152 28,987 13,852 15,135

159 Johnson County Community College ....................... KS 1 2 13,740 16,383 19,088 18,897 19,055 20,385 9,389 10,996

160 Kansas State University............................................ KS 1 1 21,137 21,929 23,141 23,332 23,520 23,581 11,745 11,836

161 University of Kansas................................................. KS 1 1 26,434 25,920 26,773 28,569 29,365 29,242 14,200 15,042

162 Eastern Kentucky University..................................... KY 1 1 15,290 13,285 15,763 15,839 16,031 16,268 6,773 9,495

163 Northern Kentucky University ................................... KY 1 1 11,254 12,080 14,617 14,785 15,082 15,378 6,616 8,762

164 University of Kentucky .............................................. KY 1 1 22,538 23,114 26,382 25,856 26,054 26,295 12,708 13,587

165 University of Louisville .............................................. KY 1 1 22,979 19,771 20,785 20,592 20,834 21,016 9,986 11,030

166 Western Kentucky University .................................... KY 1 1 15,170 15,481 18,660 19,258 19,742 20,712 8,420 12,292

167 Delgado Community College.................................... LA 1 2 11,614 12,784 11,916 13,210 14,450 16,758 5,423 11,335

168 Louisiana State U. and Agricultural & Mechanical.... LA 1 1 26,112 31,527 29,925 28,628 28,810 28,643 14,074 14,569

169 Southeastern Louisiana University ........................... LA 1 1 10,262 14,525 15,106 14,744 15,215 15,151 5,641 9,510

170 University of Louisiana at Lafayette .......................... LA 1 1 15,764 15,742 16,302 16,345 16,320 16,361 6,997 9,364

171 Anne Arundel Community College ........................... MD 1 2 12,148 11,761 11,874 14,834 15,149 16,741 6,484 10,257

172 Community College of Baltimore County.................. MD 1 2 — 18,168 19,446 19,426 20,673 23,584 8,838 14,746

173 Johns Hopkins University ......................................... MD 2 1 13,363 17,774 19,708 19,682 19,758 20,383 9,808 10,575

174 Montgomery College ................................................ MD 1 2 14,361 20,923 22,893 23,866 24,452 26,147 12,099 14,048

175 Towson University..................................................... MD 1 1 15,035 16,729 18,921 19,758 21,111 21,177 7,922 13,255

176 University of Maryland, College Park........................ MD 1 1 34,829 33,189 35,102 36,014 37,000 37,195 19,511 17,684

177 University of Maryland, University College ............... MD 1 1 14,476 18,276 33,096 32,540 34,172 37,347 16,441 20,906

178 Boston College ......................................................... MA 2 1 14,502 15,240 14,661 14,621 14,836 15,036 6,969 8,067

179 Boston University...................................................... MA 2 1 27,996 28,318 31,574 32,053 31,766 31,960 13,652 18,308

180 Harvard University .................................................... MA 2 1 22,851 24,279 25,778 25,690 26,496 27,651 13,820 13,831

181 Northeastern University............................................ MA 2 1 30,510 23,897 23,411 24,434 25,837 27,537 13,278 14,259

182 University of Massachusetts Amherst....................... MA 1 1 26,025 24,416 25,593 25,873 26,359 27,016 13,523 13,493

183 Central Michigan University ...................................... MI 1 1 18,286 26,845 26,710 26,611 27,225 27,247 11,517 15,730

184 Eastern Michigan University ..................................... MI 1 1 25,011 23,561 22,950 22,837 22,032 22,893 9,471 13,422

185 Grand Rapids Community College ........................... MI 1 2 12,054 13,400 15,224 15,212 15,403 16,944 8,205 8,739

186 Grand Valley State University ................................... MI 1 1 11,725 18,569 23,295 23,464 23,892 24,408 9,752 14,656

187 Henry Ford Community College ............................... MI 1 2 16,147 12,742 12,812 13,983 15,571 17,542 7,554 9,988

188 Lansing Community College..................................... MI 1 2 22,343 16,011 20,394 19,465 19,445 21,123 9,559 11,564

189 Macomb Community College.................................... MI 1 2 31,538 22,001 21,131 22,081 22,985 24,376 11,814 12,562

190 Michigan State University ......................................... MI 1 1 44,307 43,366 45,520 46,045 46,510 47,071 21,986 25,085

191 Oakland Community College.................................... MI 1 2 28,069 23,188 24,123 24,532 24,957 28,042 12,164 15,878

192 Oakland University.................................................... MI 1 1 12,400 15,235 17,737 18,081 18,175 18,918 7,184 11,734

193 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ............................ MI 1 1 36,391 38,103 40,025 41,042 41,028 41,674 21,830 19,844

194 Wayne County Community College District .............. MI 1 2 11,986 9,008 19,265 20,504 21,540 20,770 6,134 14,636

195 Wayne State University............................................. MI 1 1 33,872 30,408 32,061 32,380 31,024 31,786 13,052 18,734

196 Western Michigan University .................................... MI 1 1 26,989 28,657 24,841 24,433 24,818 24,576 12,028 12,548

197 Capella University..................................................... MN 3 1 † 36 17,203 21,773 25,245 31,998 8,937 23,061

198 Saint Cloud State University ..................................... MN 1 1 17,075 15,181 16,334 16,940 17,430 18,123 8,571 9,552

199 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities ......................... MN 1 1 57,168 45,481 50,402 50,883 51,140 51,659 24,726 26,933

200 Walden University..................................................... MN 3 1 422 1,544 27,412 29,455 34,779 40,714 9,196 31,518

201 Mississippi State University ...................................... MS 1 1 14,391 16,561 16,206 17,039 17,824 18,601 9,544 9,057

202 University of Mississippi, Main Campus ................... MS 1 1 11,288 12,118 15,220 15,129 15,289 15,932 7,388 8,544

203 University of Southern Mississippi............................ MS 1 1 13,490 14,509 14,777 14,592 14,793 15,300 5,823 9,477

204 Columbia College ..................................................... MO 2 1 4,214 7,948 12,280 12,954 14,081 15,556 6,006 9,550

205 Missouri State University .......................................... MO 1 1 19,480 17,703 19,218 19,348 19,489 20,371 8,934 11,437

206 Saint Louis University, Main Campus ....................... MO 2 1 12,891 13,847 14,897 15,539 16,086 16,317 6,608 9,709

207 University of Missouri, Columbia .............................. MO 1 1 25,058 23,309 28,184 28,405 30,130 31,237 14,523 16,714

208 University of Missouri, St. Louis................................ MO 1 1 15,393 15,397 15,528 15,527 15,741 16,534 6,311 10,223

209 Webster University.................................................... MO 2 1 8,745 13,783 18,963 19,398 19,154 19,372 7,820 11,552

210 Metropolitan Community College Area..................... NE 1 2 8,516 11,534 14,098 14,804 15,055 17,003 7,326 9,677

211 University of Nebraska, Lincoln ................................ NE 1 1 24,453 22,268 22,106 22,973 23,573 24,100 12,825 11,275

212 College of Southern Nevada..................................... NV 1 1 14,161 29,905 35,414 37,758 40,310 42,108 20,867 21,241

213 University of Nevada, Las Vegas .............................. NV 1 1 17,937 22,041 27,912 27,960 28,600 29,080 12,907 16,173

214 University of Nevada, Reno ...................................... NV 1 1 11,487 13,149 16,663 16,681 16,867 16,875 7,789 9,086

215 University of New Hampshire, Main Campus ........... NH 1 1 13,260 14,689 14,811 15,005 14,898 15,253 6,679 8,574

216 Bergen Community College...................................... NJ 1 2 12,119 11,993 14,608 15,057 15,283 16,469 8,013 8,456

217 Brookdale Community College ................................. NJ 1 2 11,885 11,552 13,745 14,025 14,642 15,639 7,185 8,454

See notes at end of table.

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Line 

number Institution State

Control1 Type2

Total fall enrollment Fall enrollment, 2009

Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Total

Sex

Male Female

1 2 345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 351

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

19,741 10,642 16.6 22,119 8,264 364 3,150 1,825 598 89 1,071,500 23,347 23,859 149

13,899 1,446 19.5 10,331 5,014 736 2,587 2,112 0 5 136,392 14,626 14,463 150

7,500 12,033 31.1 19,533 † 988 † † † † 67,645 9,479 11,540 151

36,422 4,630 11.6 32,500 8,552 512 6,064 1,321 181 701 1,443,568 38,555 38,187 152

46,717 118 42.8 42,977 3,858 25 3,029 745 † † 139,057 25,463 46,763 153

8,947 13,377 15.1 22,324 † 1,595 † † † † 132,266 11,211 13,438 154

24,738 3,207 8.9 22,521 5,424 † 4,129 810 113 316 919,059 24,768 25,945 155

8,162 62,849 34.7 66,324 4,687 1,932 2,394 655 216 † 582,381 3,954 32,813 156

9,715 8,126 12.0 17,841 † 1,899 † † † † 144,507 10,630 12,443 157

24,313 4,674 10.8 20,574 8,413 † 4,465 1,303 533 404 2,196,535 25,709 26,092 158

7,433 12,952 16.3 20,385 † 1,097 † † † † 167,621 10,873 11,781 159

18,850 4,731 10.0 18,778 4,803 59 3,224 868 108 147 615,480 20,436 20,656 160

24,411 4,831 13.4 21,066 8,176 † 4,097 1,481 447 319 987,752 26,406 26,248 161

12,354 3,914 7.9 13,991 2,277 195 2,128 726 † † 267,328 13,419 13,865 162

10,543 4,835 8.8 13,179 2,199 124 1,836 491 137 † 195,491 12,067 12,426 163

23,273 3,022 11.2 19,183 7,112 † 3,650 1,334 407 312 2,045,197 24,098 24,431 164

15,612 5,404 17.4 15,477 5,539 20 2,482 1,281 332 142 759,036 17,431 17,713 165

14,936 5,776 13.2 17,645 3,067 217 2,382 757 † † 270,489 16,431 17,176 166

7,981 8,777 55.5 16,758 † 881 † † † † 101,556 9,094 10,928 167

25,838 2,805 16.2 23,012 5,631 † 4,734 973 260 240 1,021,203 27,120 26,914 168

11,652 3,499 20.3 13,778 1,373 67 1,880 351 † 3 189,496 12,969 13,026 169

13,419 2,942 22.5 14,832 1,529 † 2,125 378 † 32 238,122 14,429 14,579 170

5,957 10,784 26.2 16,741 † 1,218 † † † † 127,927 8,589 9,578 171

8,558 15,026 42.9 23,584 † 1,578 † † † † 172,162 11,705 13,603 172

12,509 7,874 30.8 5,831 14,552 † 1,487 4,154 125 434 3,789,862 14,815 15,519 173

10,379 15,768 55.8 26,147 † 1,773 † † † † 283,351 14,463 15,673 174

16,542 4,635 21.5 17,148 4,029 † 3,380 974 † 15 303,696 18,117 18,296 175

31,679 5,516 31.7 26,542 10,653 † 6,704 2,157 30 587 1,425,463 33,460 33,755 176

3,678 33,669 52.6 24,284 13,063 248 2,698 2,293 † 30 257,309 15,199 16,729 177

12,345 2,691 21.6 10,076 4,960 † 2,300 1,336 263 152 620,915 13,107 13,378 178

25,745 6,215 25.8 18,283 13,677 † 4,233 3,722 598 581 1,443,477 27,996 28,136 179

19,967 7,684 28.5 10,257 17,394 18 1,779 3,495 834 646 3,756,071 22,199 22,936 180

20,344 7,193 22.3 18,782 8,755 62 3,168 1,749 333 234 684,169 22,232 23,120 181

21,515 5,501 18.7 20,873 6,143 74 4,573 1,123 † 255 807,314 23,038 23,570 182

20,153 7,094 16.8 20,581 6,666 † 3,571 1,990 † 101 362,041 22,766 22,816 183

13,968 8,925 26.2 17,780 5,113 † 2,944 1,190 † 18 313,606 16,681 17,401 184

7,546 9,398 24.3 16,944 † 1,482 † † † † 131,869 9,639 10,701 185

19,392 5,016 11.6 20,850 3,558 † 3,710 1,007 † 37 335,507 20,775 21,307 186

7,001 10,541 37.8 17,542 † 1,247 † † † † 92,377 9,132 10,540 187

7,815 13,308 19.8 21,123 † 1,405 † † † † 137,281 10,967 12,283 188

9,599 14,777 14.0 24,376 † 2,383 † † † † 136,940 13,737 14,560 189

41,413 5,658 16.4 36,290 10,781 † 7,793 1,942 387 489 1,798,712 43,131 43,580 190

10,032 18,010 26.6 28,042 † 1,762 † † † † 179,535 13,993 16,079 191

12,679 6,239 15.3 15,273 3,645 † 2,226 1,008 † 93 241,254 14,349 15,101 192

38,873 2,801 23.1 26,208 15,466 † 6,473 3,479 734 842 4,917,321 39,307 39,922 193

4,743 16,027 77.7 20,770 † 1,180 † † † † 147,016 10,441 10,124 194

19,070 12,716 39.6 20,765 11,021 † 2,635 2,206 520 252 776,242 23,123 23,986 195

18,067 6,509 13.5 19,547 5,029 † 3,969 1,338 † 103 491,668 20,917 20,526 196

2,361 29,637 46.6 5,619 26,379 † 573 2,502 † 700 232,191 2,240 13,735 197

12,908 5,215 9.0 16,186 1,937 120 2,491 427 † † 195,783 14,560 14,960 198

38,094 13,565 15.8 33,236 18,423 † 6,686 3,115 715 879 2,682,239 41,992 43,197 199

29,744 10,970 42.4 5,597 35,117 † 272 7,007 † 344 266,345 26,889 33,989 200

15,187 3,414 23.2 14,602 3,999 † 2,656 835 67 123 582,747 15,699 16,480 201

13,969 1,963 18.0 13,204 2,728 † 2,506 448 238 99 358,870 14,046 14,725 202

12,146 3,154 32.3 12,389 2,911 † 2,375 705 † 119 320,323 12,919 13,359 203

8,442 7,114 30.7 14,705 851 1,008 2,280 167 † † 62,389 10,655 11,235 204

14,879 5,492 7.9 17,024 3,347 † 3,015 889 † 29 260,875 16,253 17,020 205

9,852 6,465 16.0 11,159 5,158 † 1,617 833 458 184 607,624 12,117 12,370 206

26,553 4,684 11.7 23,799 7,438 † 4,855 1,506 307 306 1,641,980 27,235 28,307 207

7,000 9,534 22.2 12,966 3,568 † 2,018 771 44 63 203,598 10,262 10,739 208

6,422 12,950 45.2 3,911 15,461 † 1,188 5,360 † 13 169,668 11,235 11,382 209

7,095 9,908 23.1 17,003 † 985 † † † † 81,556 8,944 10,421 210

20,702 3,398 9.5 18,955 5,145 8 3,219 835 133 266 773,014 21,401 21,983 211

10,108 32,000 52.1 42,108 † 1,676 9 † † † 173,324 21,847 23,021 212

19,233 9,847 43.2 22,734 6,346 † 3,737 1,222 214 134 535,183 22,409 23,059 213

12,110 4,765 21.3 13,340 3,535 † 2,225 586 51 126 530,396 13,805 13,945 214

13,290 1,963 7.6 12,575 2,678 154 2,592 843 † 56 471,919 13,666 14,023 215

9,303 7,166 46.1 16,469 † 1,481 † † † † 99,675 10,747 11,709 216

9,201 6,438 24.5 15,639 † 1,588 † † † † 111,302 10,486 11,362 217

See notes at end of table.

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Fall enrollment, 2009 Earned degrees conferred, 2008–09

 Total expenses

and deductions,

2008–09 (in

thousands)3

Full-time-equivalent enrollment

Line

number

Attendance status Percent combined Black, Hispanic,

Asian/Pacific Islander, and

American Indian/Alaska Native4

Student level

Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s

First

profesFull-time Part-time sional Doctor’s Fall 2008 Fall 2009UndergraduatePostbaccalaureate

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
352 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

218 Camden County College .......................................... NJ 1 2 12,010 12,131 14,587 14,741 15,198 15,670 6,153 9,517

219 Kean University......................................................... NJ 1 1 13,303 11,468 13,050 13,394 14,203 15,051 5,300 9,751

220 Montclair State University ......................................... NJ 1 1 13,067 13,502 16,076 16,736 17,475 18,171 6,578 11,593

221 Rutgers University, New Brunswick .......................... NJ 1 1 33,016 35,236 34,392 34,804 36,041 37,366 18,151 19,215

222 Thomas Edison State College .................................. NJ 1 1 7,813 8,137 13,173 16,423 17,369 18,206 11,010 7,196

223 Central New Mexico Community College ................. NM 1 2 9,739 17,265 22,615 22,759 24,870 27,999 12,430 15,569

224 New Mexico State University, Main Campus ............ NM 1 1 14,812 14,958 16,415 16,722 17,239 18,526 8,285 10,241

225 University of New Mexico, Main Campus.................. NM 1 1 23,950 23,670 25,721 25,672 25,754 27,241 12,017 15,224

226 Columbia University in the City of New York............. NY 2 1 18,242 19,639 22,317 22,655 23,196 24,230 11,992 12,238

227 Cornell University ..................................................... NY 2 1 11,533 12,043 19,639 19,800 20,273 20,633 10,887 9,746

228 CUNY Bernard M. Baruch College........................... NY 1 1 15,849 15,698 15,730 16,097 16,321 16,195 7,892 8,303

229 CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community College... NY 1 2 14,819 15,875 18,457 19,259 21,858 21,424 8,651 12,773

230 CUNY Brooklyn College ........................................... NY 1 1 16,605 15,039 15,947 16,087 16,689 17,094 6,482 10,612

231 CUNY City College ................................................... NY 1 1 14,085 11,055 13,155 14,392 15,306 16,212 7,572 8,640

232 CUNY Hunter College .............................................. NY 1 1 19,639 20,011 20,899 20,845 21,258 22,168 6,733 15,435

233 CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice............. NY 1 1 8,665 10,612 14,645 14,841 14,844 15,330 6,453 8,877

234 CUNY Kingsborough Community College................ NY 1 2 13,809 14,801 14,687 14,962 15,739 18,204 8,034 10,170

235 CUNY LaGuardia Community College ..................... NY 1 2 9,167 11,778 14,185 15,169 15,540 17,028 6,891 10,137

236 CUNY New York City College of Technology ............ NY 1 1 10,908 11,028 13,368 13,502 14,268 15,399 8,061 7,338

237 CUNY Queens College............................................. NY 1 1 18,072 15,061 18,107 18,728 19,572 20,711 7,896 12,815

238 CUNY Queensborough Community College ............ NY 1 2 12,184 10,598 13,150 13,359 13,752 15,507 6,868 8,639

239 Excelsior College...................................................... NY 2 1 13,303 18,067 30,665 34,894 33,453 34,629 15,314 19,315

240 Monroe Community College ..................................... NY 1 2 13,545 15,315 17,110 17,482 18,114 18,976 8,896 10,080

241 Nassau Community College ..................................... NY 1 2 21,537 19,621 21,229 21,483 21,952 22,719 11,041 11,678

242 New York University .................................................. NY 2 1 32,813 37,150 40,870 41,783 42,189 43,404 17,859 25,545

243 Rochester Institute of Technology............................. NY 2 1 12,391 14,106 14,479 14,849 15,055 15,445 10,406 5,039

244 St. John's University, New York................................. NY 2 1 19,105 18,621 20,069 20,096 20,109 20,352 8,603 11,749

245 Stony Brook University ............................................. NY 1 1 17,624 19,924 22,522 23,347 23,991 24,681 11,967 12,714

246 Suffolk County Community College .......................... NY 1 2 † † 21,859 22,092 23,015 24,822 11,162 13,660

247 SUNY at Albany........................................................ NY 1 1 17,400 16,751 17,434 17,684 18,204 18,020 8,666 9,354

248 Syracuse University .................................................. NY 2 1 21,900 18,186 19,082 19,084 19,366 19,638 8,782 10,856

249 Touro College............................................................ NY 2 1 4,456 8,092 23,651 17,129 17,327 17,116 5,167 11,949

250 University at Buffalo.................................................. NY 1 1 27,638 24,830 27,823 28,054 28,192 28,881 15,077 13,804

251 Appalachian State University.................................... NC 1 1 11,931 13,227 15,117 15,871 16,610 16,968 7,835 9,133

252 Central Piedmont Community College...................... NC 1 2 16,311 14,908 17,942 18,052 18,608 19,364 8,469 10,895

253 East Carolina University ........................................... NC 1 1 17,564 18,750 24,351 25,990 27,677 27,654 10,830 16,824

254 North Carolina State University at Raleigh ............... NC 1 1 27,199 28,619 31,130 31,802 32,872 33,819 18,777 15,042

255 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ............... NC 1 1 23,878 24,892 27,717 28,136 28,567 28,916 11,825 17,091

256 University of North Carolina at Charlotte.................. NC 1 1 14,699 17,241 21,519 22,388 23,300 24,701 11,661 13,040

257 University of North Carolina at Greensboro.............. NC 1 1 12,882 13,125 16,872 18,627 19,976 21,306 6,978 14,328

258 Wake Technical Community College......................... NC 1 2 6,129 9,654 12,046 12,238 14,747 15,203 7,150 8,053

259 Bowling Green State University, Main Campus ........ OH 1 1 18,657 18,096 19,108 18,619 17,874 17,309 7,811 9,498

260 Cleveland State University........................................ OH 1 1 19,214 15,294 14,807 15,038 15,139 16,216 7,149 9,067

261 Columbus State Community College........................ OH 1 2 13,290 18,094 22,745 23,057 24,482 28,539 12,312 16,227

262 Cuyahoga Community College District..................... OH 1 2 23,157 19,518 24,289 24,563 23,234 29,807 11,285 18,522

263 Kent State University, Kent Campus ......................... OH 1 1 24,434 21,924 22,697 22,819 22,944 25,127 10,024 15,103

264 Miami University, Oxford ........................................... OH 1 1 15,835 16,757 16,329 15,968 17,191 16,884 7,567 9,317

265 Ohio State University, Main Campus ........................ OH 1 1 54,087 47,952 51,818 52,568 53,715 55,014 28,528 26,486

266 Ohio University, Main Campus.................................. OH 1 1 18,505 19,920 20,610 21,089 21,369 22,647 10,698 11,949

267 Owens Community College ...................................... OH 1 2 6,857 15,845 18,739 19,853 21,095 22,530 11,988 10,542

268 Sinclair Community College...................................... OH 1 2 16,367 19,026 19,103 18,691 19,466 21,561 9,437 12,124

269 University of Akron, Main Campus ........................... OH 1 1 28,801 21,363 21,882 23,007 24,119 25,959 12,796 13,163

270 University of Cincinnati, Main Campus ..................... OH 1 1 31,013 27,327 28,327 29,319 29,617 31,134 14,781 16,353

271 University of Toledo................................................... OH 1 1 24,691 19,491 19,374 19,767 22,336 23,064 11,326 11,738

272 Wright State University, Main Campus ..................... OH 1 1 16,393 13,964 16,088 16,151 16,672 17,558 7,920 9,638

273 Oklahoma State University, Main Campus ............... OK 1 1 19,827 18,676 23,499 23,213 22,995 23,033 11,916 11,117

274 Tulsa Community College ......................................... OK 1 2 17,955 16,270 16,632 16,881 18,325 19,730 7,793 11,937

275 University of Central Oklahoma ................................ OK 1 1 14,232 14,099 15,588 15,495 15,724 16,092 6,598 9,494

276 University of Oklahoma, Norman Campus ............... OK 1 1 20,774 24,205 25,923 26,068 26,140 25,881 12,851 13,030

277 Oregon State University............................................ OR 1 1 16,361 16,758 19,352 19,738 20,305 21,950 11,494 10,456

278 Portland Community College.................................... OR 1 2 21,888 24,209 23,618 24,353 26,278 30,161 13,861 16,300

279 Portland State University .......................................... OR 1 1 16,921 18,889 24,254 24,963 26,382 27,901 12,665 15,236

280 University of Oregon................................................. OR 1 1 18,840 17,801 20,348 20,332 21,452 22,335 10,956 11,379

281 Community College of Allegheny County ................. PA 1 2 20,553 15,556 18,110 18,525 19,020 20,520 8,739 11,781

282 Community College of Philadelphia.......................... PA 1 2 15,151 15,953 16,870 17,334 17,327 19,048 6,469 12,579

283 Drexel University....................................................... PA 2 1 11,926 13,128 19,860 20,682 21,537 22,493 11,138 11,355

284 Harrisburg Area Community College, Harrisburg ..... PA 1 2 8,355 7,572 9,767 9,774 9,699 22,529 8,221 14,308

285 Pennsylvania State University, Main Campus........... PA 1 1 38,864 40,571 42,914 43,252 44,406 45,185 24,774 20,411

286 Temple University...................................................... PA 1 1 29,714 28,355 33,865 34,696 35,490 36,507 16,942 19,565

287 University of Pennsylvania........................................ PA 2 1 21,868 21,853 23,743 23,980 24,107 24,599 11,622 12,977

288 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus ............ PA 1 1 28,120 26,329 26,860 27,020 27,562 28,328 13,445 14,883

289 Community College of Rhode Island ........................ RI 1 2 16,620 15,583 16,373 16,811 17,612 17,760 7,117 10,643

290 University of Rhode Island........................................ RI 1 1 16,047 14,362 15,062 15,650 15,904 16,389 7,148 9,241

See notes at end of table.

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Line 

number Institution State

Control1 Type2

Total fall enrollment Fall enrollment, 2009

Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Total

Sex

Male Female

1 2 345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 353

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

8,529 7,141 40.1 15,670 † 1,371 † † † † 95,166 10,283 10,926 218

10,081 4,970 46.0 12,072 2,979 † 2,082 693 † † 204,720 11,108 11,992 219

13,192 4,979 34.1 14,139 4,032 † 2,675 810 † 7 272,629 14,380 15,078 220

32,147 5,219 40.6 29,095 8,271 † 5,752 1,545 257 410 1,808,652 32,640 34,098 221

† 18,206 32.6 17,319 887 454 1,970 77 † † 47,618 6,985 7,310 222

8,765 19,234 59.1 27,999 † 1,373 † † † † 136,829 13,460 15,223 223

14,681 3,845 55.8 14,692 3,834 30 2,304 836 † 71 496,522 15,033 16,158 224

19,438 7,803 48.4 21,332 5,909 11 3,160 1,100 272 208 1,626,955 21,141 22,482 225

20,611 3,619 30.2 7,743 16,487 † 1,862 5,523 691 590 3,061,281 21,105 22,004 226

20,529 104 29.7 13,931 6,702 † 3,456 1,800 269 516 1,689,355 20,219 20,569 227

10,379 5,816 53.3 12,332 3,863 † 2,710 1,368 † † 238,762 12,818 12,603 228

14,009 7,415 78.9 21,424 † 2,387 † † † † 188,382 16,432 16,498 229

9,875 7,219 50.3 13,069 4,025 † 2,200 1,174 † † 228,892 12,395 12,645 230

10,009 6,203 68.1 12,878 3,334 † 1,414 952 † † 324,856 11,534 12,388 231

12,613 9,555 47.2 15,884 6,284 † 2,620 1,411 † † 307,533 15,476 16,266 232

10,825 4,505 69.7 13,346 1,984 206 1,801 542 † † 187,713 11,897 12,579 233

10,621 7,583 59.6 18,204 † 1,899 † † † † 138,553 11,066 13,167 234

9,623 7,405 72.4 17,028 † 1,601 † † † † 166,764 10,897 12,109 235

9,130 6,269 80.3 15,399 † 878 647 † † † 158,685 10,704 11,660 236

12,272 8,439 46.3 16,059 4,652 † 2,646 1,134 † † 270,207 14,444 15,504 237

8,927 6,580 69.9 15,507 † 1,154 † † † † 119,883 9,539 11,136 238

† 34,629 34.2 33,306 1,323 2,906 2,698 109 † † 58,623 13,132 13,589 239

12,159 6,817 28.2 18,976 † 2,482 † † † † 142,289 13,427 14,448 240

15,358 7,361 44.5 22,719 † 2,703 † † † † 199,331 17,136 17,829 241

33,141 10,263 33.2 21,638 21,766 319 5,074 6,050 996 423 3,050,744 36,057 37,077 242

13,372 2,073 15.6 13,032 2,413 158 2,304 898 † 10 428,380 13,583 14,177 243

14,824 5,528 45.2 14,808 5,544 37 2,180 1,129 525 98 427,513 16,380 16,968 244

19,914 4,767 38.1 16,384 8,297 † 3,264 1,725 145 341 1,850,829 21,044 21,690 245

15,337 9,485 25.2 24,822 † 2,618 † † † † 212,488 16,136 18,521 246

14,693 3,327 25.6 13,114 4,906 † 2,895 1,225 † 131 684,936 16,069 15,930 247

17,074 2,564 24.7 13,736 5,902 7 2,670 1,846 217 146 716,382 17,802 18,061 248

10,091 7,025 36.3 8,222 8,894 780 1,506 2,653 485 65 259,059 12,633 12,794 249

24,102 4,779 19.3 19,368 9,513 † 4,036 2,033 597 367 1,227,703 25,447 25,889 250

14,923 2,045 7.3 14,872 2,096 † 2,812 695 † 6 317,606 15,272 15,694 251

7,630 11,734 39.4 19,364 † 1,062 † † † † 133,574 10,889 11,570 252

20,942 6,712 19.5 21,458 6,196 † 3,606 1,521 65 70 704,067 23,339 23,498 253

26,736 7,083 16.6 25,255 8,564 182 4,623 1,664 73 457 1,138,695 28,583 29,433 254

24,146 4,770 23.1 17,981 10,935 † 4,236 1,825 618 483 2,286,088 25,572 25,901 255

18,379 6,322 25.9 19,419 5,282 † 3,455 1,036 † 68 391,495 19,523 20,788 256

14,263 7,043 29.5 17,455 3,851 † 2,441 985 † 107 336,132 15,892 17,002 257

4,554 10,649 34.6 15,203 † 944 † † † † 96,846 7,566 8,129 258

14,693 2,616 14.7 14,319 2,990 † 3,265 931 † 99 352,298 16,257 15,688 259

9,718 6,498 27.1 10,438 5,778 † 1,732 1,340 206 50 273,255 11,371 12,188 260

12,877 15,662 30.0 28,539 † 1,652 † † † † 169,050 15,355 18,135 261

12,113 17,694 38.9 29,807 † 1,639 † † † † 275,697 14,133 18,054 262

20,286 4,841 12.3 19,918 5,209 † 3,879 1,378 † 141 475,696 20,126 22,133 263

15,487 1,397 9.8 14,671 2,213 289 3,606 478 † 59 479,890 16,144 16,001 264

47,129 7,885 14.9 41,348 13,666 † 8,993 2,679 879 738 3,990,319 48,889 50,127 265

19,492 3,155 8.7 18,589 4,058 44 3,917 886 103 166 498,347 20,025 20,720 266

8,441 14,089 20.6 22,530 † 1,224 † † † † 110,410 11,644 13,171 267

10,009 11,552 21.0 21,561 † 1,612 † † † † 154,487 11,974 13,887 268

18,925 7,034 17.5 21,327 4,632 379 2,403 950 145 100 444,318 20,105 21,666 269

23,808 7,326 15.6 21,884 9,250 94 3,716 1,879 344 250 943,389 25,222 26,610 270

18,275 4,789 21.7 18,140 4,924 145 2,414 971 387 155 792,065 19,291 20,140 271

13,750 3,808 20.0 13,504 4,054 0 2,150 1,164 99 60 374,113 14,535 15,220 272

17,377 5,656 16.6 17,992 5,041 † 3,833 992 78 172 684,681 19,548 19,533 273

8,387 11,343 25.2 19,730 † 1,719 † † † † 135,118 10,734 12,195 274

10,514 5,578 25.1 14,413 1,679 † 2,330 436 † † 152,456 12,367 12,721 275

19,159 6,722 22.4 19,566 6,315 † 3,862 1,645 156 204 749,230 22,026 21,692 276

17,858 4,092 18.0 18,067 3,883 † 3,300 648 128 178 704,933 18,016 19,458 277

12,103 18,058 24.6 30,161 † 1,886 † † † † 264,694 15,393 18,166 278

16,722 11,179 20.1 21,618 6,283 † 3,325 1,577 † 68 385,629 19,563 21,084 279

20,069 2,266 14.1 18,509 3,826 † 3,460 899 161 173 610,945 20,011 20,953 280

8,525 11,995 21.1 20,520 † 1,661 † † † † 122,532 11,484 12,552 281

6,476 12,572 63.1 19,048 † 1,807 † † † † 134,471 9,564 10,697 282

15,381 7,112 26.2 13,484 9,009 20 2,745 1,699 395 163 746,243 17,371 18,127 283

8,838 13,691 20.9 22,529 † 1,719 † † † † 157,802 5,901 13,435 284

43,065 2,120 13.3 38,630 6,555 122 9,692 1,312 71 632 3,627,649 43,057 43,880 285

30,296 6,211 32.0 27,047 9,460 4 5,238 1,308 764 405 2,072,166 31,465 32,666 286

20,643 3,956 31.4 11,954 12,645 1 2,831 3,087 646 544 5,015,111 21,668 22,172 287

24,077 4,251 14.0 18,031 10,297 † 3,856 1,993 559 463 1,553,890 24,825 25,669 288

6,663 11,097 26.0 17,760 † 1,254 † † † † 107,317 10,243 10,389 289

13,438 2,951 14.8 13,233 3,156 † 2,276 509 93 90 409,367 13,985 14,566 290

See notes at end of table.

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Fall enrollment, 2009 Earned degrees conferred, 2008–09

 Total expenses

and deductions,

2008–09 (in

thousands)3

Full-time-equivalent enrollment

Line

number

Attendance status Percent combined Black, Hispanic,

Asian/Pacific Islander, and

American Indian/Alaska Native4

Student level

Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s

First

profesFull-time Part-time sional Doctor’s Fall 2008 Fall 2009UndergraduatePostbaccalaureate

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
354 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

1Publicly controlled institutions are identified by a “1”; private, not-for-profit, by a “2”; and

private, for-profit, by a “3.”

2The types of institutions are identified as follows: “1” for 4-year institutions; and “2” for 2-

year institutions.

3Includes private and some public institutions reporting total expenses and deductions

under Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) reporting standards and public institutions reporting total expenses and deductions under Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) 34/35 reporting standards.

291 Clemson University................................................... SC 1 1 15,714 17,465 17,309 17,585 18,317 19,111 10,368 8,743

292 Greenville Technical College .................................... SC 1 2 7,917 10,786 13,893 14,300 14,414 15,089 6,138 8,951

293 University of South Carolina, Columbia.................... SC 1 1 25,613 23,728 27,390 27,272 27,488 28,482 12,685 15,797

294 Middle Tennessee State University........................... TN 1 1 14,865 19,121 22,863 23,246 23,872 25,188 11,744 13,444

295 University of Memphis .............................................. TN 1 1 20,681 19,986 20,562 20,379 20,220 21,424 8,236 13,188

296 University of Tennessee............................................ TN 1 1 26,055 25,890 28,901 29,937 30,410 29,934 14,713 15,221

297 Austin Community College District ........................... TX 1 2 24,251 25,735 33,039 33,508 35,798 40,248 17,672 22,576

298 Blinn College ............................................................ TX 1 2 6,849 11,588 14,017 14,589 15,608 17,173 8,520 8,653

299 Central Texas College............................................... TX 1 2 4,815 14,636 17,726 21,532 24,498 24,133 12,715 11,418

300 Collin County Community College District................ TX 1 2 9,059 12,996 19,332 20,143 21,000 24,872 10,744 14,128

301 El Paso Community College ..................................... TX 1 2 17,081 18,001 26,105 25,023 25,818 28,168 11,843 16,325

302 Houston Community College.................................... TX 1 2 36,437 40,929 42,526 43,518 48,169 54,942 22,621 32,321

303 Lone Star College System........................................ TX 1 2 15,653 24,554 40,846 39,756 41,345 46,504 18,975 27,529

304 Richland College ...................................................... TX 1 2 12,567 12,537 14,555 15,311 15,917 18,201 8,121 10,080

305 Sam Houston State University.................................. TX 1 1 12,753 12,358 15,959 16,496 16,662 16,772 7,070 9,702

306 San Antonio College................................................. TX 1 2 20,083 19,253 20,202 19,819 21,766 24,135 10,115 14,020

307 San Jacinto Community College............................... TX 1 2 9,424 10,507 23,753 23,805 24,834 27,011 11,904 15,107

308 South Texas College................................................. TX 1 1 † 11,319 18,460 19,827 21,666 26,338 11,127 15,211

309 Tarrant County College District................................. TX 1 2 28,161 26,868 34,777 37,948 39,596 44,355 18,527 25,828

310 Texas A & M University ............................................. TX 1 1 41,171 44,026 45,380 46,542 48,039 48,702 25,868 22,834

311 Texas State University, San Marcos.......................... TX 1 1 20,940 22,423 27,485 28,121 29,105 30,803 13,583 17,220

312 Texas Tech University ............................................... TX 1 1 25,363 24,558 27,996 28,260 28,422 30,049 16,584 13,465

313 University of Houston................................................ TX 1 1 33,115 32,123 34,334 34,663 36,104 37,000 18,299 18,701

314 University of North Texas.......................................... TX 1 1 27,160 27,054 33,395 34,710 34,830 35,003 15,579 19,424

315 University of Texas at Arlington................................. TX 1 1 24,782 20,424 24,825 24,889 25,084 28,085 13,192 14,893

316 University of Texas at Austin..................................... TX 1 1 49,617 49,996 49,697 50,170 49,984 50,995 25,139 25,856

317 University of Texas at Brownsville............................. TX 1 1 1,448 9,072 15,688 17,215 17,189 17,151 6,978 10,173

318 University of Texas at Dallas..................................... TX 1 1 8,558 10,945 14,523 14,556 14,913 15,783 8,833 6,950

319 University of Texas at El Paso................................... TX 1 1 16,524 15,224 19,842 20,154 20,458 21,011 9,467 11,544

320 University of Texas at San Antonio ........................... TX 1 1 15,489 18,830 28,379 28,533 28,413 28,955 14,212 14,743

321 University of Texas, Pan American ........................... TX 1 1 12,337 12,759 17,337 17,435 17,534 18,337 7,866 10,471

322 Brigham Young University......................................... UT 2 1 31,662 32,554 34,185 34,174 34,244 34,130 17,710 16,420

323 Salt Lake Community College .................................. UT 1 2 13,344 21,596 24,241 25,235 29,396 34,966 17,191 17,775

324 University of Utah ..................................................... UT 1 1 24,922 24,948 30,511 28,025 28,211 29,284 16,251 13,033

325 Utah State University ................................................ UT 1 1 15,155 21,490 14,444 14,893 15,099 15,612 8,174 7,438

326 Utah Valley University............................................... UT 1 1 7,879 20,946 23,305 23,840 26,696 28,765 16,371 12,394

327 Weber State University ............................................. UT 1 1 13,449 16,050 18,303 18,081 21,388 23,001 11,117 11,884

328 Western Governors University.................................. UT 2 1 † 205 6,462 9,022 11,706 15,870 6,167 9,703

329 George Mason University ......................................... VA 1 1 20,308 23,408 29,889 30,276 30,613 32,067 14,467 17,600

330 James Madison University........................................ VA 1 1 11,251 15,326 17,393 17,918 18,454 18,971 7,478 11,493

331 Liberty University ...................................................... VA 2 1 18,533 6,192 17,798 27,068 33,604 46,312 21,503 24,809

332 Northern Virginia Community College ...................... VA 1 2 35,194 37,073 38,166 41,266 42,663 46,619 21,861 24,758

333 Old Dominion University ........................................... VA 1 1 16,729 18,969 21,625 22,287 23,086 24,013 10,492 13,521

334 Tidewater Community College.................................. VA 1 2 17,726 20,184 24,938 25,857 26,898 30,447 11,890 18,557

335 University of Virginia, Main Campus......................... VA 1 1 21,110 22,411 24,068 24,257 24,541 24,355 10,800 13,555

336 Virginia Commonwealth University ........................... VA 1 1 21,764 24,066 30,189 31,700 32,044 32,172 13,574 18,598

337 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State U. ................ VA 1 1 25,568 27,869 28,470 29,898 30,739 30,870 17,590 13,280

338 University of Washington, Seattle Campus............... WA 1 1 33,854 36,139 39,524 40,218 39,675 45,943 22,291 23,652

339 Washington State University..................................... WA 1 1 18,412 20,492 23,655 24,396 25,352 26,101 12,360 13,741

340 American Public University System .......................... WV 3 1 † † † 14,769 21,729 31,331 21,417 9,914

341 West Virginia University............................................ WV 1 1 20,854 21,987 27,115 28,113 28,840 28,898 14,979 13,919

342 Madison Area Technical College .............................. WI 1 1 12,410 14,474 14,789 14,647 14,666 16,610 7,643 8,967

343 Milwaukee Area Technical College ........................... WI 1 2 21,600 14,296 17,774 17,193 18,780 20,215 9,158 11,057

344 University of Wisconsin, Madison............................. WI 1 1 43,209 40,658 41,028 41,563 41,620 41,654 20,112 21,542

345 University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.......................... WI 1 1 26,020 23,578 28,309 29,338 29,215 30,418 14,370 16,048

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Line 

number Institution State

Control1 Type2

Total fall enrollment Fall enrollment, 2009

Fall 1990 Fall 2000 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Total

Sex

Male Female

1 2 345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 355

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

4Combined enrollment of Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/

Alaska Native students who are U.S. citizens or resident aliens as a percentage of total

enrollment, including nonresident aliens.

5Data for total enrollment in 1990 are for institutions of higher education, rather than

degree-granting institutions.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1990

through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90), Spring 2001 through Spring 2010, and Fall 2009. (This table was

prepared October 2010.)

16,837 2,274 10.9 15,346 3,765 † 3,198 785 † 162 626,930 16,921 17,700 291

6,910 8,179 30.9 15,089 † 965 † † † † 100,986 9,005 9,656 292

23,969 4,513 17.6 20,495 7,987 5 4,092 1,525 433 270 722,958 24,762 25,664 293

19,827 5,361 21.6 22,299 2,889 † 3,786 682 † 24 314,502 20,860 21,908 294

14,700 6,724 41.5 16,719 4,705 † 2,590 862 121 132 363,878 16,333 17,308 295

26,308 3,626 13.0 21,182 8,752 † 4,205 1,770 584 410 1,403,133 28,161 27,678 296

10,815 29,433 40.8 40,248 † 1,263 † † † † 224,668 18,215 20,697 297

15,363 1,810 25.3 17,173 † 864 † † † † 72,748 10,814 15,971 298

4,130 20,003 53.2 24,133 † 2,425 † † † † 103,439 10,990 10,846 299

9,675 15,197 33.2 24,872 † 1,224 † † † † 112,663 12,675 14,777 300

10,943 17,225 89.4 28,168 † 2,104 † † † † 147,130 15,201 16,726 301

16,821 38,121 69.8 54,942 † 2,720 † † † † 322,983 25,509 29,620 302

16,440 30,064 47.8 46,504 † 2,450 † † † † 272,016 23,252 26,534 303

5,192 13,009 61.2 18,201 † 883 † † † † 74,676 8,269 9,560 304

12,789 3,983 30.9 14,569 2,203 † 3,018 768 † 41 222,330 14,200 14,328 305

8,290 15,845 56.6 24,135 † 1,125 † † † † 128,889 12,226 13,610 306

9,689 17,322 55.9 27,011 † 1,815 † † † † 161,819 14,838 15,505 307

8,613 17,725 96.3 26,338 † 1,493 72 † † † 133,117 12,644 15,766 308

15,861 28,494 43.5 44,355 † 2,385 † † † † 234,730 22,343 25,427 309

43,338 5,364 21.6 38,809 9,893 † 8,377 2,016 120 597 1,992,292 44,813 45,421 310

23,372 7,431 32.7 26,001 4,802 † 5,227 1,123 † 17 430,605 24,784 26,260 311

25,860 4,189 21.1 24,236 5,813 † 4,550 1,075 204 198 619,281 26,185 27,466 312

26,385 10,615 55.6 29,298 7,702 † 4,874 1,521 555 231 768,001 29,760 30,568 313

24,158 10,845 30.2 27,468 7,535 † 5,728 1,528 † 212 476,020 28,234 28,339 314

17,451 10,634 42.5 21,370 6,715 † 3,999 1,790 † 113 368,102 19,672 21,594 315

46,563 4,432 36.8 38,168 12,827 † 8,747 2,893 555 824 2,126,069 47,289 48,284 316

6,237 10,914 90.8 16,259 892 † 961 188 † † 163,581 10,355 10,610 317

10,442 5,341 35.9 9,801 5,982 † 2,292 1,598 † 120 308,981 11,608 12,478 318

12,687 8,324 80.9 17,205 3,806 † 2,969 759 † 45 324,883 15,447 15,939 319

21,323 7,632 58.6 25,006 3,949 † 3,801 974 † 46 422,877 23,792 24,303 320

12,559 5,778 91.4 15,947 2,390 † 2,660 734 † 30 249,514 14,131 14,823 321

30,109 4,021 9.3 30,745 3,385 † 6,864 1,086 149 74 823,152 31,615 31,675 322

11,080 23,886 19.2 34,966 † 3,001 † † † † 168,385 15,696 19,099 323

20,534 8,750 12.8 22,149 7,135 † 4,578 1,541 281 403 2,485,491 22,997 23,990 324

12,584 3,028 5.8 13,809 1,803 18 2,968 696 † 88 462,652 13,290 13,771 325

15,072 13,693 11.1 28,718 47 1,651 1,772 0 † † 208,501 18,654 20,596 326

10,838 12,163 12.3 22,381 620 1,851 1,872 194 † † 176,958 14,393 15,731 327

15,870 † 20.2 11,648 4,222 1 842 383 † † 72,828 11,706 15,870 328

17,998 14,069 34.6 19,702 12,365 † 4,009 2,499 228 202 562,545 21,917 23,275 329

17,462 1,509 12.4 17,281 1,690 † 3,630 655 † 22 357,015 17,618 18,041 330

25,053 21,259 25.7 28,986 17,326 294 3,045 2,078 215 236 226,885 24,848 33,290 331

17,350 29,269 48.1 46,619 † 3,210 † † † † 207,178 24,265 27,177 332

15,643 8,370 31.2 18,253 5,760 † 2,955 1,257 † 122 325,205 17,681 18,858 333

12,101 18,346 44.9 30,447 † 2,311 † † † † 129,755 15,582 18,260 334

20,854 3,501 22.6 15,476 8,879 † 3,560 1,727 547 360 2,177,282 22,122 22,153 335

24,100 8,072 34.7 22,886 9,286 † 3,680 1,556 395 227 794,473 26,641 27,183 336

27,887 2,983 15.9 23,558 7,312 51 5,307 1,419 86 435 983,239 28,717 28,985 337

38,572 7,371 34.3 32,718 13,225 † 7,143 2,668 493 683 3,473,693 35,459 41,432 338

21,748 4,353 16.7 21,726 4,375 † 4,907 711 191 195 841,379 22,677 23,448 339

5,448 25,883 30.3 23,627 7,704 214 1,138 1,052 † † 91,666 2,683 15,541 340

24,899 3,999 7.6 21,720 7,178 † 3,892 1,481 367 186 834,562 26,437 26,406 341

5,928 10,682 16.7 16,570 40 1,225 † † † † 147,567 9,063 10,237 342

7,048 13,167 42.5 20,215 † 1,392 † † † † 268,055 10,319 11,469 343

37,050 4,604 12.9 29,925 11,729 † 6,637 1,811 636 794 2,277,087 38,761 38,822 344

23,570 6,848 16.8 25,204 5,214 † 3,617 1,361 † 126 460,903 25,037 26,222 345

Table 245. Selected statistics for degree-granting institutions enrolling more than 15,000 students in 2009: Selected years, 1990 through 

2008–09—Continued

Fall enrollment, 2009 Earned degrees conferred, 2008–09

 Total expenses

and deductions,

2008–09 (in

thousands)3

Full-time-equivalent enrollment

Line

number

Attendance status Percent combined Black, Hispanic,

Asian/Pacific Islander, and

American Indian/Alaska Native4

Student level

Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s

First

profesFull-time Part-time sional Doctor’s Fall 2008 Fall 2009UndergraduatePostbaccalaureate

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
356 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1College and university campuses ranked by fall 2009 enrollment data. 

2Publicly controlled institutions are identified by a “1”; private, not-for-profit, by a “2”; and private,

for-profit, by a “3.” 

3The types of institutions are identified as follows: “1” for 4-year institutions; and “2” for 2-year

institutions. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010. (This table was prepared

October 2010.)

Enrollment Table 246. Enrollment of the 120 largest degree-granting college and university campuses, by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009

Institution State Rank1 Control2 Type3

Total

enrollment Institution State Rank1 Control2 Type3

Total

enrollment

1 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 5 6

University of Phoenix, Online Campus .................... AZ 1 3 1 380,232 Santa Monica College........................................... CA 61 1 2 32,313

Kaplan University..................................................... IA 2 3 1 71,011 Virginia Commonwealth University........................ VA 62 1 1 32,172

Arizona State University .......................................... AZ 3 1 1 68,064 George Mason University...................................... VA 63 1 1 32,067

Miami Dade College ................................................ FL 4 1 1 59,120 Capella University ................................................. MN 64 3 1 31,998

Ohio State University, Main Campus ....................... OH 5 1 1 55,014 Boston University .................................................. MA 65 2 1 31,960

Houston Community College................................... TX 6 1 2 54,942 Wayne State University ......................................... MI 66 1 1 31,786

Strayer University..................................................... DC 7 3 1 54,325 American Public University System....................... WV 67 3 1 31,331

University of Central Florida .................................... FL 8 1 1 53,401 San Jose State University ..................................... CA 68 1 1 31,280

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities ........................ MN 9 1 1 51,659 University of California, Davis ............................... CA 69 1 1 31,247

University of Texas at Austin.................................... TX 10 1 1 50,995 University of Missouri, Columbia........................... MO 70 1 1 31,237

University of Florida................................................. FL 11 1 1 50,691 University of Cincinnati, Main Campus.................. OH 71 1 1 31,134

Texas A & M University ............................................ TX 12 1 1 48,702 Santa Ana College ................................................ CA 72 1 2 31,073

Michigan State University ........................................ MI 13 1 1 47,071 Colorado Technical University Online.................... CO 73 3 1 30,924

Ashford University.................................................... IA 14 3 1 46,835 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State U.............. VA 74 1 1 30,870

Northern Virginia Community College..................... VA 15 1 2 46,619 Texas State University, San Marcos ...................... TX 75 1 1 30,803

Lone Star College System....................................... TX 16 1 2 46,504 San Francisco State University ............................. CA 76 1 1 30,469

Liberty University..................................................... VA 17 2 1 46,312 Tidewater Community College .............................. VA 77 1 2 30,447

University of Washington, Seattle Campus.............. WA 18 1 1 45,943 Georgia State University ....................................... GA 78 1 1 30,427

Pennsylvania State University, Main Campus.......... PA 19 1 1 45,185 University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee ...................... WI 79 1 1 30,418

Tarrant County College District................................ TX 20 1 2 44,355 Indiana University, Purdue U., Indianapolis........... IN 80 1 1 30,383

University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign............. IL 21 1 1 43,881 Portland Community College................................. OR 81 1 2 30,161

New York University ................................................. NY 22 2 1 43,404 DeVry University, Illinois........................................ IL 82 3 1 30,127

Indiana University, Bloomington............................... IN 23 1 1 42,347 Texas Tech University............................................ TX 83 1 1 30,049

College of Southern Nevada.................................... NV 24 1 1 42,108 Mount San Antonio College .................................. CA 84 1 2 29,935

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ........................... MI 25 1 1 41,674 University of Tennessee ........................................ TN 85 1 1 29,934

University of Wisconsin, Madison............................ WI 26 1 1 41,654 Cuyahoga Community College District.................. OH 86 1 2 29,807

Purdue University, Main Campus............................. IN 27 1 1 41,052 Troy University....................................................... AL 87 1 1 29,328

Walden University.................................................... MN 28 3 1 40,714 University of Utah.................................................. UT 88 1 1 29,284

Austin Community College District .......................... TX 29 1 2 40,248 Saint Petersburg College....................................... FL 89 1 1 29,282

University of South Florida, Main Campus .............. FL 30 1 1 40,022 University of Kansas.............................................. KS 90 1 1 29,242

Florida State University ........................................... FL 31 1 1 39,785 California State University, Sacramento ................ CA 91 1 1 29,241

Florida International University ................................ FL 32 1 1 39,610 Nova Southeastern University............................... FL 92 2 1 29,153

Valencia Community College................................... FL 33 1 2 39,008 University of Nevada, Las Vegas........................... NV 93 1 1 29,080

University of Arizona................................................ AZ 34 1 1 38,767 University of Iowa .................................................. IA 94 1 1 28,987

University of California, Los Angeles....................... CA 35 1 1 38,550 University of Texas at San Antonio........................ TX 95 1 1 28,955

Rutgers University, New Brunswick ......................... NJ 36 1 1 37,366 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill............ NC 96 1 1 28,916

Broward College ...................................................... FL 37 1 1 37,360 Colorado State University...................................... CO 97 1 1 28,902

University of Maryland, University College .............. MD 38 1 1 37,347 West Virginia University ........................................ WV 98 1 1 28,898

University of Maryland, College Park....................... MD 39 1 1 37,195 University at Buffalo .............................................. NY 99 1 1 28,881

University of Houston............................................... TX 40 1 1 37,000 Florida State College at Jacksonville .................... FL 100 1 1 28,877

Riverside Community College ................................. CA 41 1 2 36,586 Utah Valley University............................................ UT 101 1 1 28,765

Temple University .................................................... PA 42 1 1 36,507 University of Alabama ........................................... AL 102 1 1 28,699

California State University, Fullerton........................ CA 43 1 1 36,262 Louisiana State U. and Agricultural & Mechanical LA 103 1 1 28,643

Pima Community College ........................................ AZ 44 1 2 35,880 Columbus State Community College .................... OH 104 1 2 28,539

University of California, Berkeley............................. CA 45 1 1 35,830 University of South Carolina, Columbia................. SC 105 1 1 28,482

East Los Angeles College ....................................... CA 46 1 2 35,717 University of California, San Diego........................ CA 106 1 1 28,418

California State University, Long Beach................... CA 47 1 1 35,557 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus......... PA 107 1 1 28,328

American River College........................................... CA 48 1 2 35,413 El Paso Community College.................................. TX 108 1 2 28,168

California State University, Northridge..................... CA 49 1 1 35,198 University of Texas at Arlington ............................. TX 109 1 1 28,085

University of North Texas......................................... TX 50 1 1 35,003 Oakland Community College ................................ MI 110 1 2 28,042

Salt Lake Community College ................................. UT 51 1 2 34,966 Palm Beach State College .................................... FL 111 1 1 28,017

University of Georgia ............................................... GA 52 1 1 34,885 Central New Mexico Community College.............. NM 112 1 2 27,999

University of Southern California ............................. CA 53 2 1 34,824 Iowa State University............................................. IA 113 1 1 27,945

Excelsior College..................................................... NY 54 2 1 34,629 Portland State University....................................... OR 114 1 1 27,901

Grand Canyon University......................................... AZ 55 3 1 34,205 Long Beach City College....................................... CA 115 1 2 27,894

Brigham Young University........................................ UT 56 2 1 34,130 East Carolina University........................................ NC 116 1 1 27,654

North Carolina State University at Raleigh.............. NC 57 1 1 33,819 Harvard University................................................. MA 117 2 1 27,651

University of Colorado at Boulder............................ CO 58 1 1 33,010 Florida Atlantic University...................................... FL 118 1 1 27,637

City College of San Francisco ................................. CA 59 1 2 32,950 Northeastern University ........................................ MA 119 2 1 27,537

San Diego State University...................................... CA 60 1 1 32,817 Palomar College.................................................... CA 120 1 2 27,442
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 357

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Data are for colleges and universities identified by the Women’s College Coalition as

women’s colleges in 2010. Excludes women's colleges whose IPEDS data are reported

together with a coed institution or coordinate men's college. The following institutions were

excluded for this reason: The Women's College of the University of Denver; Newcomb College Institute of Tulane University; Douglass Residential College of Rutgers University; and

Russell Sage College of the Sage Colleges. 

21 = public, 4-year; 3 = private not-for-profit, 4-year; and 4 = private not-for-profit, 2-year. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009

and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010 and

Fall 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 247. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting women’s colleges, by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 

2008–09

Institution1 State

Type and

control2

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to females, 2008–09

Total Females

Percent

female

Males,

full-time

Females,

full-time

Males,

part-time

Females,

part-time Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Total............................... † † 100,598 93,739 93.2 2,826 65,677 4,033 28,062 690 14,510 6,230 297

Judson College...................... AL 3 313 299 95.5 1 247 13 52 † 42 † †

Mills College .......................... CA 3 1,501 1,390 92.6 101 1,274 10 116 † 236 115 5

Mount Saint Mary’s College... CA 3 2,482 2,209 89.0 159 1,685 114 524 163 296 75 15

Scripps College ..................... CA 3 921 914 99.2 7 908 0 6 † 226 † †

Saint Joseph College............. CT 3 1,935 1,795 92.8 20 915 120 880 † 223 233 †

Trinity Washington University.... DC 3 2,024 1,856 91.7 29 979 139 877 5 123 173 †

Agnes Scott College .............. GA 3 868 854 98.4 11 817 3 37 † 185 11 †

Brenau University .................. GA 3 2,760 2,421 87.7 149 1,422 190 999 1 366 231 †

Spelman College ................... GA 3 2,229 2,229 100.0 † 2,121 0 108 † 444 † †

Wesleyan College.................. GA 3 685 660 96.4 2 399 23 261 † 90 21 †

Lexington College...................... IL 3 54 54 100.0 0 520244† †

Saint Mary-of-the-Woods 

College ............................ IN 3 1,677 1,570 93.6 28 652 79 918 3 130 40 †

Saint Mary’s College.............. IN 3 1,664 1,656 99.5 6 1,641 2 15 † 337 † †

Midway College ..................... KY 3 1,392 1,137 81.7 164 747 91 390 55 244 † †

College of Notre Dame of 

Maryland.......................... MD 3 2,971 2,548 85.8 51 622 372 1,926 † 356 297 4

Bay Path College....................... MA 3 2,034 1,969 96.8 23 1,372 42 597 73 259 108 †

Mount Holyoke College.......... MA 3 2,304 2,298 99.7 1 2,231 5 67 † 565 1 †

Pine Manor College ............... MA 3 484 478 98.8 6 468 0 10 0 61 14 †

Simmons College .................. MA 3 5,003 4,599 91.9 75 2,453 329 2,146 † 487 822 55

Smith College............................ MA 3 3,121 3,049 97.7 62 2,959 10 90 † 679 122 5

Wellesley College .................. MA 3 2,324 2,268 97.6 1 2,185 55 83 † 592 † †

College of Saint Benedict ...... MN 3 2,105 2,105 100.0 0 2,057 0 48 † 488 † †

St. Catherine University......... MN 3 5,277 5,045 95.6 118 3,288 114 1,757 166 562 347 32

Cottey College ....................... MO 4 309 309 100.0 0 305 0 4 118 † † †

Stephens College .................. MO 3 1,231 1,162 94.4 53 946 16 216 1 182 61 †

College of Saint Mary ............ NE 3 1,120 1,102 98.4 10 858 8 244 86 108 83 8

College of Saint Elizabeth ..... NJ 3 2,157 1,881 87.2 59 813 217 1,068 † 238 186 †

Georgian Court University ..... NJ 3 3,023 2,650 87.7 115 1,683 258 967 † 410 200 †

Barnard College..................... NY 3 2,357 2,357 100.0 0 2,307 0 50 † 633 † †

College of New Rochelle ....... NY 3 4,859 4,454 91.7 258 3,236 147 1,218 † 880 356 †

Bennett College for Women... NC 3 766 766 100.0 0 709 0 57 † 99 † †

Meredith College ................... NC 3 2,262 2,221 98.2 4 1,842 37 379 † 413 42 †

Peace College ....................... NC 3 732 727 99.3 4 655 1 72 † 113 † †

Salem College ....................... NC 3 985 944 95.8 13 620 28 324 † 161 43 †

Bryn Mawr College ................ PA 3 1,771 1,681 94.9 68 1,517 22 164 † 331 89 18

Carlow College ...................... PA 3 2,533 2,272 89.7 89 1,245 172 1,027 † 336 160 0

Cedar Crest College .............. PA 3 1,887 1,778 94.2 24 999 85 779 † 303 44 †

Chatham University ............... PA 3 2,219 1,913 86.2 157 1,243 149 670 † 169 294 72

Moore College of Art and 

Design ............................. PA 3 582 580 99.7 † 514 2 66 † 103 0 †

Wilson College....................... PA 3 840 708 84.3 13 360 119 348 9 90 4 †

Columbia College .................. SC 3 1,444 1,373 95.1 25 1,111 46 262 † 198 172 †

Converse College .................. SC 3 1,720 1,477 85.9 40 765 203 712 † 159 112 †

Texas Woman’s University ..... TX 1 13,338 12,018 90.1 692 6,754 628 5,264 † 1,479 1,431 83

Hollins University ................... VA 3 1,057 1,001 94.7 16 831 40 170 † 178 89 †

Mary Baldwin College............ VA 3 1,782 1,614 90.6 106 1,004 62 610 † 248 64 †

Sweet Briar College............... VA 3 756 732 96.8 20 696 4 36 † 133 13 †

Alverno College ..................... WI 3 2,815 2,769 98.4 25 1,934 21 835 6 321 85 †

Mount Mary College .............. WI 3 1,925 1,847 95.9 21 1,236 57 611 † 230 92 †
358 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Total, 50 states and District of Columbia............. † 3,123,957 1,326,666 42.5 1,275,912 50,754 55,404 41,316 10,514 654 336

Total, 50 states, District of Columbia, 

and Puerto Rico ............................................... † 3,349,193 1,551,160 46.3 1,472,936 78,224 60,555 58,331 16,187 1,215 676

Arizona

Apollo College/Phoenix Inc.............................................. 5 5,844 2,460 42.1 2,460 † 124††††

Argosy University, Phoenix .............................................. 5 885 120 13.6 28 92 † 4 12 † 6

Arizona Western College................................................. 2 7,984 4,646 58.2 4,646 † 234 † † † †

Art Center Design College, Tucson ................................. 5 279 81 29.0 81 † 0 6 † † †

Art Institute of Phoenix .................................................... 5 1,243 333 26.8 333 † 1 29 † † †

Art Institute of Tucson...................................................... 5 346 123 35.5 123 † 11 1 † † †

Brookline College, Phoenix ............................................. 5 1,313 465 35.4 465 † 47 4 † † †

Brookline College, Tempe................................................ 6 379 108 28.5 108 † 2 0 † † †

Brookline College, Tucson ............................................... 6 638 374 58.6 374 † 21 0 † † †

Brown Mackie College, Tucson........................................ 5 557 166 29.8 166 † 13 14 † † †

Bryman School of Arizona............................................... 6 643 264 41.1 264 † 49 † † † †

Central Arizona College................................................... 2 6,795 1,974 29.1 1,974 † 87 ††††

Cochise College .............................................................. 2 4,739 2,000 42.2 2,000 † 180 † † † †

DeVry University, Arizona ................................................ 5 2,016 505 25.0 451 54 3 35 17 † †

Estrella Mountain Community College ............................ 2 7,202 2,820 39.2 2,820 † 146 † † † †

Everest College, Mesa..................................................... 5 628 176 28.0 176 † 4 1 † † †

Fortis College .................................................................. 6 124 44 35.5 44 † 0 † † † †

GateWay Community College.......................................... 2 7,863 2,259 28.7 2,259 † 111 † † † †

Glendale Community College.......................................... 2 20,154 5,314 26.4 5,314 † 201 † † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Phoenix....................................... 5 339 104 30.7 104†00†††

ITT Technical Institute, Tucson......................................... 5 494 219 44.3 219 † 35 12 † † †

Lamson College............................................................... 6 442 170 38.5 170 † 4 † † † †

Phoenix College .............................................................. 2 12,164 4,660 38.3 4,660 † 286††††

Pima Community College ................................................ 2 35,880 11,628 32.4 11,628 † 612 † † † †

Pima Medical Institute, Mesa........................................... 6 1,274 401 31.5 401 † 13 † † † †

Pima Medical Institute, Tucson ........................................ 6 1,198 534 44.6 534 † 37 † † † †

Refrigeration School Inc. ................................................. 6 492 176 35.8 176 † 7 † † † †

South Mountain Community College ............................... 2 5,444 2,288 42.0 2,288 † 104††††

Universal Technical Institute of Arizona Inc. .................... 6 3,088 866 28.0 866 † 260††††

University of Phoenix, Southern Arizona ......................... 5 2,465 950 38.5 736 214 † 133 48 † †

California

Advanced College............................................................ 6 207 155 74.9 155 † 0 † † † †

Allan Hancock College..................................................... 2 11,070 4,946 44.7 4,946 † 390 † † † †

Alliant International University ......................................... 3 4,157 589 14.2 46 543 † 13 63 † 38

American Career College, Anaheim ................................ 6 1,808 898 49.7 898 † 29 ††††

American Career College, Los Angeles .......................... 6 1,764 917 52.0 917 † † † † † †

American Career College, Ontario .................................. 6 1,115 733 65.7 733 † 0 † † † †

Antelope Valley College................................................... 2 15,705 5,423 34.5 5,423 † 235 † † † †

Argosy University, Inland Empire..................................... 5 611 191 31.3 92 99 † 7 12 † †

Argosy University, Los Angeles ....................................... 5 435 114 26.2 45 69005††

Argosy University, Orange County................................... 5 935 185 19.8 54 131 2 5 13 † 3

Argosy University, San Diego .......................................... 5 269 65 24.2 21 44 2 1 0 † †

Art Institute of California, Hollywood................................ 5 1,256 460 36.6 460 † 13 24 † † †

Art Institute of California, Inland Empire.......................... 5 1,377 652 47.3 652 † 10 9 † † †

Art Institute of California, Los Angeles ............................ 5 2,159 847 39.2 847 † 15 27 † † †

Art Institute of California, Orange County........................ 5 1,873 633 33.8 633 † 7 43 † † †

Art Institute of California, San Diego ............................... 5 2,040 701 34.4 701 † 31 61 † † †

Art Institute of California, Sunnyvale ............................... 5 504 128 25.4 128 † 0 0 † † †

Bakersfield College.......................................................... 2 18,402 8,848 48.1 8,848 † 412 † † † †

Brandman University of Chapman University System ..... 3 6,386 1,376 21.5 657 719 6 170 155 † †

Cabrillo College ............................................................... 2 15,974 4,753 29.8 4,753 † 199††††

California Christian College............................................. 3 30 12 40.0 12 † 2 1 † † †

California College, San Diego.......................................... 5 1,299 386 29.7 386 † 42 9 † † †

California State Polytechnic University, Pomona ............. 1 22,273 7,607 34.2 6,999 608 † 755 69 † †

California State University, Bakersfield ............................ 1 8,003 3,572 44.6 3,072 500 † 423 99 † †

California State University, Channel Islands .................... 1 3,862 1,203 31.1 1,145 58 † 1807††

California State University, Dominguez Hills.................... 1 14,477 5,856 40.5 4,820 1,036 † 674 165 † †

California State University, Fresno................................... 1 21,500 7,679 35.7 6,735 944 † 1,013 181 † 1

California State University, Fullerton................................ 1 36,262 11,741 32.4 10,620 1,121 † 1,641 206 † †

California State University, Long Beach........................... 1 35,557 10,869 30.6 9,386 1,483 † 1,353 358 † †

California State University, Los Angeles .......................... 1 20,619 10,319 50.0 8,614 1,705 † 1,098 332 † †

California State University, Monterey Bay........................ 1 4,688 1,533 32.7 1,428 105 † 152 6 † †

California State University, Northridge............................. 1 35,198 12,020 34.1 10,713 1,307 † 1,416 339 † †

California State University, San Bernardino..................... 1 17,852 7,764 43.5 6,762 1,002 † 940 168 † †

California State University, San Marcos........................... 1 9,767 2,848 29.2 2,653 195 † 304 19 † †

California State University, Stanislaus ............................. 1 8,586 3,063 35.7 2,631 432 † 335 44 † †

Cambridge Junior College ............................................... 6 188 76 40.4 76 † 0 † † † †

Canada College............................................................... 2 7,280 3,345 45.9 3,345 † 65 ††††

Career Networks Institute ................................................ 6 712 195 27.4 195 † 0 † † † †

Casa Loma College, Van Nuys........................................ 4 604 210 34.8 210 † † † † † †

Cerritos College............................................................... 2 21,776 13,358 61.3 13,358 † 511 † † † †

Chabot College................................................................ 2 15,375 4,597 29.9 4,597 † 152††††

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 359

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Chaffey College ............................................................... 2 21,399 10,475 49.0 10,475 † 523 † † † †

Citrus College.................................................................. 2 12,895 5,525 42.8 5,525 † 342 † † † †

College of San Mateo ...................................................... 2 11,310 2,798 24.7 2,798 † 82 † † † †

College of the Canyons ................................................... 2 21,575 7,400 34.3 7,400 † 202 † † † †

College of the Desert....................................................... 2 10,193 6,875 67.4 6,875 † 250 † † † †

College of the Sequoias .................................................. 2 13,322 5,732 43.0 5,732 † 244††††

Community Christian College .......................................... 4 74 30 40.5 30 † 2 † † † †

Concorde Career College, Garden Grove ....................... 6 698 278 39.8 278 † 19 † † † †

Concorde Career College, North Hollywood ................... 6 650 389 59.8 389 † 21 † † † †

Concorde Career College, San Bernardino..................... 6 860 396 46.0 396 † 33 † † † †

Concorde Career College, San Diego ............................. 6 666 230 34.5 230 † 6 † † † †

Contra Costa College ...................................................... 2 8,316 2,507 30.1 2,507 † 102 † † † †

Crafton Hills College........................................................ 2 6,380 2,042 32.0 2,042 † 83 † † † †

Cuyamaca College .......................................................... 2 9,459 2,459 26.0 2,459 † 68 † † † †

Cypress College .............................................................. 2 15,439 5,299 34.3 5,299 † 206 † † † †

DeVry University, California ............................................. 5 8,993 3,253 36.2 2,953 300 53 231 71 † †

East Los Angeles College ............................................... 2 35,717 25,629 71.8 25,629 † 769††††

East San Gabriel Valley Regional Occupational Program 2 675 264 39.1 264 † 5 † † † †

El Camino College, Compton Center............................... 2 6,691 2,375 35.5 2,375 † 48 † † † †

El Camino Community College District............................ 2 27,237 10,494 38.5 10,494 † 320††††

Empire College School of Business ................................ 6 718 198 27.6 198 † 26 ††††

Everest College, Los Angeles/Wilshire............................ 6 608 365 60.0 365††††††

Everest College, Ontario Metro ....................................... 5 986 666 67.5 666 † 100 28 † † †

Everest College, San Bernardino .................................... 6 1,267 726 57.3 726 † 1 † † † †

Everest College, West Los Angeles................................. 6 729 287 39.4 287 † 1 † † † †

Evergreen Valley College................................................. 2 11,186 4,387 39.2 4,387 † 112††††

Fashion Careers College ................................................. 6 75 27 36.0 27 † 7 † † † †

Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising, Orange..... 6 382 107 28.0 107††††††

Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising, San Diego 6 287 77 26.8 77 † 10 ††††

Fremont College .............................................................. 6 266 118 44.4 118 † 24 † † † †

Fresno City College ......................................................... 2 25,511 10,993 43.1 10,993 † 523 † † † †

Fresno Pacific University.................................................. 3 2,668 874 32.8 673 201 0 151 37 † †

Fullerton College ............................................................. 2 22,469 9,295 41.4 9,295 † 396 † † † †

Gavilan College ............................................................... 2 8,087 7,064 87.4 7,064 † 121 † † † †

Hartnell College............................................................... 2 10,451 6,952 66.5 6,952 † 311 † † † †

Heald College, Concord .................................................. 6 1,371 420 30.6 420 † 74 † † † †

Heald College, Fresno ..................................................... 6 1,430 854 59.7 854 † 123 † † † †

Heald College, Hayward .................................................. 6 1,660 565 34.0 565 † 108 † † † †

Heald College, Salinas .................................................... 6 1,069 835 78.1 835 † 97 † † † †

Heald College, San Francisco ......................................... 6 1,083 328 30.3 328 † 57 † † † †

Heald College, San Jose ................................................. 6 1,273 627 49.3 627 † 117 † † † †

Heald College, Stockton .................................................. 6 1,545 600 38.8 600 † 93 † † † †

Holy Names University .................................................... 3 1,135 229 20.2 167 62 † 17 11 † †

Humphreys College, Stockton and Modesto ................... 3 867 306 35.3 272 34 17 28 0 1 †

ICDC College................................................................... 6 2,892 2,065 71.4 2,065††††††

Imperial Valley College .................................................... 2 8,831 6,722 76.1 6,722 † 382 † † † †

Institute of Technology Inc. .............................................. 6 1,182 458 38.7 458 † 6 † † † †

Interamerican College ..................................................... 3 183 94 51.4 60 34 † 9 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Anaheim...................................... 5 951 507 53.3 507 † 83 34 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Clovis .......................................... 5 554 280 50.5 280 † 50 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Concord ...................................... 5 226 76 33.6 76 † 0 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Lathrop........................................ 5 737 297 40.3 297 † 71 22 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Oxnard ........................................ 5 442 237 53.6 237 † 34 21 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, San Bernardino........................... 5 1,549 843 54.4 843 † 140 68 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, San Diego ................................... 5 1,430 598 41.8 598 † 56 31 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, San Dimas .................................. 5 1,030 689 66.9 689 † 86 56 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Sylmar......................................... 5 1,032 661 64.1 661 † 99 42 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Torrance...................................... 5 980 556 56.7 556 † 62 26 † † †

Kaplan College, Bakersfield............................................. 6 774 497 64.2 497 † 12 † † † †

Kaplan College, Fresno ................................................... 6 564 369 65.4 369 † 24 † † † †

Kaplan College, Palm Springs ......................................... 6 643 411 63.9 411 † 7 † † † †

Kaplan College, Panorama City....................................... 6 243 182 74.9 182 † 17 ††††

Kaplan College, Sacramento Campus............................. 6 653 229 35.1 229 † 10 † † † †

Kaplan College, San Diego ............................................. 6 1,402 550 39.2 550 † 51 † † † †

Kaplan College, Stockton ................................................ 6 489 238 48.7 238 † † † † † †

Kaplan College, Vista ...................................................... 6 1,235 443 35.9 443 † 12 † † † †

La Sierra University ......................................................... 3 1,857 507 27.3 438 69 † 54 20 0 0

Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts......................... 6 2,253 941 41.8 941 † 48 ††††

Long Beach City College ................................................. 2 27,894 10,695 38.3 10,695 † 287††††

Los Angeles City College ................................................ 2 19,873 8,734 43.9 8,734 † 238††††

Los Angeles Co. College of Nursing and Allied Health.... 2 333 130 39.0 130 † 27 ††††

Los Angeles Harbor College............................................ 2 10,181 5,006 49.2 5,006 † 192††††

Los Angeles Mission College .......................................... 2 10,792 8,235 76.3 8,235 † 265††††

Los Angeles ORT College, Los Angeles ......................... 4 234 63 26.9 63†0††††

Los Angeles ORT College, Van Nuys.............................. 4 76 25 32.9 25†1††††

Los Angeles Pierce College ............................................ 2 21,928 8,217 37.5 8,217 † 243††††

Los Angeles Trade Technical College.............................. 2 15,968 8,895 55.7 8,895 † 208††††

See notes at end of table.

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
360 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Los Angeles Valley College ............................................. 2 19,951 9,372 47.0 9,372 † 321††††

Los Medanos College...................................................... 2 10,773 3,262 30.3 3,262 † 109††††

Marymount College ......................................................... 4 569 146 25.7 146 † 16 ††††

Merced College ............................................................... 2 10,446 4,958 47.5 4,958 † 158 † † † †

MiraCosta College ........................................................... 2 13,537 3,440 25.4 3,440 † 103 † † † †

Modesto Junior College................................................... 2 18,410 6,602 35.9 6,602 † 282 † † † †

Monterey Institute of International Studies ...................... 3 810 50 6.2 2 48 † 0 16 † †

Mount Saint Mary's College............................................. 3 2,482 1,211 48.8 1,041 170 80 147 32 † 4

Mount San Antonio College............................................. 2 29,935 15,120 50.5 15,120 † 868 † † † †

Mount San Jacinto Community College District............... 2 17,583 5,858 33.3 5,858 † 366††††

Mount Sierra College....................................................... 5 465 195 41.9 195 † † 24 † † †

National Hispanic University............................................ 3 595 463 77.8 375 88 1 21 † † †

National Polytechnic College of Science ......................... 4 254 68 26.8 68†2††††

Newschool of Architecture and Design............................ 5 598 163 27.3 129 34 † 11 6 † †

Notre Dame de Namur University.................................... 3 1,613 372 23.1 262 110 † 41 24 † †

Oxnard College................................................................ 2 8,642 5,948 68.8 5,948 † 334 † † † †

Pacific College................................................................. 6 292 109 37.3 109 † 0 † † † †

Pacific College of Oriental Medicine................................ 5 507 52 10.3 14 38 0 0 3 † 1

Pacific Oaks College........................................................ 3 578 174 30.1 39 135 † 33 67 † †

Palo Verde College .......................................................... 2 3,516 1,203 34.2 1,203 † 49 † † † †

Palomar College .............................................................. 2 27,442 9,062 33.0 9,062 † 365 † † † †

Pasadena City College .................................................... 2 26,453 9,867 37.3 9,867 † 409††††

Pima Medical Institute, Chula Vista ................................. 6 896 456 50.9 456 † 10 † † † †

Pinnacle College.............................................................. 6 148 52 35.1 52††††††

Platt College, Los Angeles .............................................. 5 398 239 60.1 239 † 39 9†††

Platt College, Ontario ...................................................... 5 556 351 63.1 351 † 64 19 † † †

Platt College, San Diego ................................................. 5 293 86 29.4 86 † 12 8 † † †

Porterville College ........................................................... 2 4,571 2,502 54.7 2,502 † 149 † † † †

Reedley College .............................................................. 2 15,384 7,833 50.9 7,833 † 316††††

Remington College, San Diego ....................................... 5 39 20 51.3 20 † 15 7 † † †

Rio Hondo College .......................................................... 2 22,432 16,553 73.8 16,553 † 529††††

Riverside Community College ......................................... 2 36,586 16,474 45.0 16,474 † 846 † † † †

Sacramento City College................................................. 2 27,171 6,845 25.2 6,845 † 214 † † † †

Sage College ................................................................... 6 531 180 33.9 180†1††††

San Bernardino Valley College........................................ 2 14,916 7,370 49.4 7,370 † 309 † † † †

San Diego City College ................................................... 2 18,074 7,027 38.9 7,027 † 181 † † † †

San Diego State University.............................................. 1 32,817 8,293 25.3 7,248 1,045 † 1,430 200 † 5

San Diego State University, Imperial Valley Campus....... 1 1,003 894 89.1 694 200 † 167 16 † †

San Joaquin Delta College .............................................. 2 20,223 6,762 33.4 6,762 † 170††††

San Joaquin Valley College, Bakersfield ......................... 6 877 404 46.1 404 † 122††††

San Joaquin Valley College, Fresno Aviation .................. 6 75 24 32.0 24†6††††

San Joaquin Valley College, Fresno ................................ 6 870 430 49.4 430 † 198††††

San Joaquin Valley College, Hesperia............................. 6 233 127 54.5 127†0††††

San Joaquin Valley College, Modesto ............................. 6 525 233 44.4 233 † 39 ††††

San Joaquin Valley College, Rancho Cucamonga .......... 6 608 392 64.5 392 † 270††††

San Joaquin Valley College, Visalia ................................ 6 1,252 645 51.5 645 † 196††††

San Jose City College ..................................................... 2 12,364 5,157 41.7 5,157 † 114 † † † †

Santa Ana College........................................................... 2 31,073 14,911 48.0 14,911 † 652 † † † †

Santa Barbara Business College, Bakersfield ................. 6 737 499 67.7 499 † 52 † † † †

Santa Barbara Business College, Santa Maria ............... 6 293 172 58.7 172 † 19 † † † †

Santa Barbara Business College, Ventura....................... 6 442 242 54.8 242 † 40 † † † †

Santa Barbara City College ............................................. 2 19,753 6,607 33.4 6,607 † 265 † † † †

Santa Monica College ..................................................... 2 32,313 10,124 31.3 10,124 † 309 † † † †

Santiago Canyon College................................................ 2 12,698 5,342 42.1 5,342 † 134 † † † †

South Coast College........................................................ 6 366 127 34.7 127 † 2 † † † †

Southern California Institute of Technology ..................... 5 686 299 43.6 299 † 8 22 † † †

Southwestern College ..................................................... 2 21,597 14,045 65.0 14,045 † 695 † † † †

Taft College...................................................................... 2 7,031 2,668 37.9 2,668 † 46 † † † †

University of Antelope Valley ........................................... 5 792 311 39.3 311†8††††

University of California, Merced....................................... 1 3,414 1,104 32.3 1,069 35 † 65 2 † 1

University of California, Riverside.................................... 1 19,384 5,378 27.7 5,135 243 † 754 48 † 14

University of La Verne...................................................... 3 7,482 2,886 38.6 1,767 1,119 † 379 240 8 11

University of Phoenix, Central Valley ............................... 5 2,644 1,171 44.3 1,043 128 † 76 25 † †

University of Phoenix, San Diego .................................... 5 4,139 1,603 38.7 1,353 250 † 136 64 † †

University of Phoenix, Southern California ...................... 5 11,658 4,470 38.3 3,811 659 0 564 192 † †

Ventura College ............................................................... 2 14,395 6,724 46.7 6,724 † 398 † † † †

West Hills College, Coalinga ........................................... 2 2,965 1,688 56.9 1,688 † 118 † † † †

West Hills College, Lemoore ........................................... 2 3,915 1,771 45.2 1,771 † 140 † † † †

West Los Angeles College............................................... 2 11,866 3,861 32.5 3,861 † 67 ††††

Western Career College, San Jose ................................. 6 1,016 443 43.6 443 † 29 † † † †

Western Career College, San Leandro............................ 6 893 242 27.1 242 † 10 ††††

Western Career College, Stockton .................................. 6 566 183 32.3 183 † 22 † † † †

Westwood College, Anaheim........................................... 5 1,206 673 55.8 673 † 6 61 † † †

Westwood College, Inland Empire................................... 5 1,140 808 70.9 808 † 12 65 † † †

Westwood College, Los Angeles ..................................... 5 3,968 1,385 34.9 1,365 20 6 1100††

Westwood College, South Bay ........................................ 5 724 421 58.1 421 † 7 91 † † †

Whittier College ............................................................... 3 2,093 637 30.4 464 173 † 99 19 16 †

See notes at end of table.

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 361

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Woodbury University........................................................ 3 1,615 489 30.3 437 52 † 98 22 † †

Wyotech, Fremont............................................................ 6 1,926 732 38.0 732 † 23 † † † †

Wyotech, Long Beach...................................................... 6 2,166 1,462 67.5 1,462††††††

Wyotech, West Sacramento ............................................ 6 737 238 32.3 238 † 16 † † † †

Colorado

Adams State College....................................................... 1 3,121 943 30.2 817 126 3 52 29 † †

Aims Community College ................................................ 2 5,510 1,392 25.3 1,392 † 67 † † † †

Argosy University, Denver................................................ 5 397 52 13.1 18 34 0 0 4 † †

College America, Denver................................................. 5 681 181 26.6 181 † 11 5 † † †

College America, Fort Collins.......................................... 5 439 122 27.8 122†60†††

Colorado State University, Pueblo ................................... 1 6,443 1,401 21.7 1,281 120 † 1799††

Community College of Denver......................................... 2 10,918 3,003 27.5 3,003 † 127††††

Denver Academy of Court Reporting............................... 6 147 59 40.1 59†6††††

Everest College, Thornton............................................... 6 1,021 498 48.8 498 † 34 † † † †

Heritage College.............................................................. 6 703 204 29.0 204 † 63 † † † †

Institute of Business and Medical Careers ...................... 6 293 108 36.9 108 † 20 † † † †

Intellitec College, Grand Junction .................................... 6 729 207 28.4 207 † 50 ††††

Lincoln College of Technology ......................................... 6 1,225 370 30.2 370 † 52 ††††

Otero Junior College........................................................ 2 1,660 591 35.6 591 † 41 † † † †

Pima Medical Institute ..................................................... 6 1,082 351 32.4 351 † 3 † † † †

Pueblo Community College ............................................. 2 6,592 2,187 33.2 2,187 † 161 † † † †

Trinidad State Junior College........................................... 2 1,812 776 42.8 776 † 69 † † † †

Westwood College, Denver South ................................... 5 445 124 27.9 124†46†††

Connecticut

Capital Community College ............................................. 2 4,280 1,428 33.4 1,428 † 75 † † † †

Housatonic Community College ...................................... 2 5,609 1,416 25.2 1,416 † 82 † † † †

Norwalk Community College ........................................... 2 6,685 1,702 25.5 1,702 † 89 † † † †

Acupuncture and Massage College................................. 5 144 81 56.3 60 21†07††

Florida

AI Miami International University of Art and Design ........ 5 4,177 1,726 41.3 1,717 9 13 74 0 † †

American InterContinental University .............................. 5 904 377 41.7 355 22 15 37 11 † †

Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, Inc. ................................ 5 3,217 1,221 38.0 1,221 † 79 83 † † †

ATI College of Health....................................................... 6 1,209 392 32.4 392 † 73 † † † †

Barry University ............................................................... 3 8,846 2,849 32.2 1,990 859 † 351 238 29 20

Broward College .............................................................. 1 37,360 11,822 31.6 11,822 † 990 0 † † †

Carlos Albizu University, Miami........................................ 3 1,081 903 83.5 353 550 † 93 91 † 17

Central Florida College.................................................... 6 475 176 37.1 176 † 9 † † † †

City College, Casselberry ................................................ 4 292 100 34.2 100 † 12 † † † †

City College, Miami.......................................................... 3 416 280 67.3 280 † 32 12 † † †

College of Business and Technology, Cutler Bay............. 6 124 35 28.2 35†0††††

College of Business and Technology, Flagler Campus.... 6 129 128 99.2 128†5††††

College of Business and Technology, Hialeah Campus... 6 218 218 100.0 218†0††††

College of Business and Technology, Miami.................... 6 50 49 98.0 49 † 16 ††††

Dade Medical College, Hialeah ....................................... 6 79 74 93.7 74 † 133††††

Dade Medical College, Miami.......................................... 6 99 76 76.8 76 † 67 ††††

DeVry University, Florida ................................................. 5 4,423 1,394 31.5 1,145 249 16 146 44 † †

Everest Institute, Hialeah................................................. 6 1,349 898 66.6 898 † 15 † † † †

Everest Institute, Kendall ................................................. 6 809 515 63.7 515 † 16 † † † †

Everest University, South Orlando ................................... 5 7,799 1,623 20.8 1,598 25 214 46 9 † †

Everest University, Tampa................................................ 5 1,756 662 37.7 658 4 17 10 2 † †

Florida Career College, Miami......................................... 5 3,958 1,727 43.6 1,727 † 175 23 † † †

Florida College of Natural Health, Maitland..................... 6 467 117 25.1 117 † 6 † † † †

Florida College of Natural Health, Miami......................... 6 349 250 71.6 250 † 23 † † † †

Florida International University........................................ 1 39,610 23,917 60.4 20,615 3,302 38 3,555 956 58 23

Florida National College .................................................. 5 2,811 2,648 94.2 2,648 † 2370†††

Florida Technical College ................................................ 6 1,636 536 32.8 536 † 75 † † † †

Heritage Institute, Fort Myers .......................................... 6 1,055 281 26.6 281 † 64 † † † †

High-Tech Institute, Orlando ............................................ 6 609 287 47.1 287 † 25 ††††

Hodges University............................................................ 3 2,292 600 26.2 564 36 41 47 14 † †

International Academy of Design and Technology........... 5 1,121 387 34.5 387†19†††

ITT Technical Institute, Fort Lauderdale .......................... 5 785 244 31.1 244 † 38 7†††

ITT Technical Institute, Fort Myers................................... 5 42 11 26.2 11 † 0 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Miami .......................................... 5 828 686 82.9 686 † 119 38 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Tampa ......................................... 5 837 224 26.8 224 † 38 11 † † †

Jones College, Miami ...................................................... 3 59 26 44.1 26††††††

Keiser Career College, Greenacres................................. 6 1,754 556 31.7 556 † 49 ††††

Keiser University, Fort Lauderdale................................... 5 16,882 4,410 26.1 4,354 56 624 77 8 † †

Key College ..................................................................... 6 104 26 25.0 26 † 4 † † † †

Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts, Miramar ......... 6 1,114 751 67.4 751 † 413††††

Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts, Orlando.......... 6 1,113 381 34.2 381 † 79 ††††

Medvance Institute, Miami ............................................... 6 497 367 73.8 367 † 9 † † † †

Medvance Institute, West Palm Beach ............................ 6 1,067 361 33.8 361 † 3 † † † †

Miami Ad School.............................................................. 6 181 76 42.0 76†0†0††

Miami-Dade College ........................................................ 1 59,120 41,800 70.7 41,800 † 4,872 66 † † †

Nova Southeastern University ......................................... 3 29,153 6,141 21.1 1,810 4,331 1 301 783 194 77

Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, Miami .................. 3 185 169 91.4 106 63 † 23 16 † †

See notes at end of table.

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
362 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Professional Training Centers.......................................... 6 238 234 98.3 234 † † † † † †

Saint John Vianney College Seminary ............................ 3 76 28 36.8 244†0†††

Saint Thomas University.................................................. 3 2,476 1,099 44.4 632 467 † 126 78 58 †

Southern Technical College............................................. 6 982 271 27.6 271 † 22 † † † †

Technical Career Institute ................................................ 6 901 824 91.5 824 † 74 † † † †

Trinity International University.......................................... 3 376 136 36.2 105 31 † 40 6 † †

Universidad Politecnica de Puerto Rico, Orlando............ 3 192 188 97.9 152 36 † 17 6 † †

University of Miami .......................................................... 3 15,629 3,801 24.3 2,756 1,045 † 612 154 82 17

University of Phoenix, Central Florida Campus............... 5 1,612 449 27.9 397 52 † 49 40 † †

Valencia Community College........................................... 2 39,008 11,718 30.0 11,718 † 1,127 † † † †

Georgia

Southern Catholic College............................................... 3 173 69 39.9 69 † † 12 † † †

Illinois

City Colleges of Chicago, Harold Washington College.... 2 8,464 2,323 27.4 2,323 † 106 † † † †

City Colleges of Chicago, Harry S Truman College......... 2 13,174 5,724 43.4 5,724 † 64 † † † †

City Colleges of Chicago, Malcolm X College ................. 2 8,718 3,226 37.0 3,226 † 38 † † † †

City Colleges of Chicago, Richard J. Daley College ........ 2 9,991 7,125 71.3 7,125 † 141 † † † †

City Colleges of Chicago, Wilbur Wright College............. 2 12,866 6,465 50.2 6,465 † 209 † † † †

Coyne American Institute Inc. ......................................... 6 938 255 27.2 255 † 28 † † † †

Dominican University....................................................... 3 3,909 685 17.5 506 179 † 45 22 † †

Elgin Community College ................................................ 2 11,704 3,766 32.2 3,766 † 117 † † † †

Fox College Inc................................................................ 6 370 109 29.5 109 † 28 ††††

ITT Technical Institute, Burr Ridge................................... 5 425 138 32.5 138 † 26 5 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Mount Prospect........................... 5 549 155 28.2 155 † 28 4 † † †

Lexington College............................................................ 3 54 15 27.8 15 † 0 2 † † †

Lincoln College of Technology ......................................... 6 1,670 731 43.8 731 † 86 ††††

Morton College ................................................................ 2 5,290 4,095 77.4 4,095 † 212 † † † †

Northeastern Illinois University........................................ 1 11,631 3,305 28.4 2,977 328 † 369 80 † †

Northwestern College...................................................... 6 935 329 35.2 329 † 41 † † † †

Northwestern College, Southwestern Campus ............... 6 1,195 374 31.3 374 † 53 † † † †

Saint Augustine College .................................................. 3 1,430 1,234 86.3 1,234 † 164 16 † † †

Triton College................................................................... 2 15,706 5,390 34.3 5,390 † 152 † † † †

Waubonsee Community College ..................................... 2 10,532 3,288 31.2 3,288 † 112††††

Westwood College, Chicago Loop................................... 5 885 231 26.1 231 † 6 24 † † †

Westwood College, Dupage ............................................ 5 582 158 27.1 158†07†††

Westwood College, O'Hare Airport.................................. 5 888 385 43.4 385 † 2 21 † † †

Indiana

Calumet College of Saint Joseph .................................... 3 1,292 301 23.3 278 23 5 62 6 † †

Kaplan College, Hammond.............................................. 6 637 173 27.2 173 † 6 † † † †

Kansas

Dodge City Community College ...................................... 2 1,706 529 31.0 529 † 31 ††††

Donnelly College ............................................................. 3 661 174 26.3 174†40†††

Garden City Community College ..................................... 2 2,054 638 31.1 638 † 39 ††††

Seward Co. Community College and Area Technical 

School.......................................................................... 2 1,850 564 30.5 564 † 58 † † † †

Maryland

DeVry University, Maryland ............................................. 5 142 24 16.9 15 9 † 1 2 † †

Saint Mary's Seminary & University ................................ 3 241 16 6.6 2 14 † 0 1 0 0

Massachusetts

Cambridge College.......................................................... 3 4,830 690 14.3 292 398 † 29 148 † 0

Northern Essex Community College ............................... 2 7,385 2,072 28.1 2,072 † 84 † † † †

Salter College, West Boylston ......................................... 6 1,279 333 26.0 333 † 17 † † † †

Urban College of Boston ................................................. 4 617 303 49.1 303 † 20 ††††

Nevada 

College of Southern Nevada............................................ 1 42,108 11,299 26.8 11,299 † 245 0 † † †

Everest College, Henderson............................................ 6 946 333 35.2 333 † 21 ††††

International Academy of Design and Technology........... 5 512 129 25.2 129†22†††

ITT Technical Institute, Henderson .................................. 5 1,193 336 28.2 336 † 38 18 † † †

The Art Institute of Las Vegas ......................................... 5 1,346 337 25.0 337 † 9 16 † † †

New Jersey

Bergen Community College............................................. 2 16,469 4,752 28.9 4,752 † 297 † † † †

Berkeley College.............................................................. 5 3,709 1,399 37.7 1,399 † 80 119 † † †

DeVry University, New Jersey.......................................... 5 1,713 462 27.0 462 † 37 28 † † †

Eastern International College, Belleville .......................... 6 187 80 42.8 80 † † † † † †

Eastern International College, Jersey City ...................... 6 267 147 55.1 147 † † † † † †

Hudson County Community College ............................... 2 8,682 4,428 51.0 4,428 † 273 † † † †

New Jersey City University .............................................. 1 8,399 2,950 35.1 2,509 441 † 268 96 † †

Passaic County Community College ............................... 2 8,883 4,604 51.8 4,604 † 177††††

Saint Peter's College ....................................................... 3 3,122 775 24.8 675 100 2 85 65 † †

Union County College...................................................... 2 12,751 3,357 26.3 3,357 † 174††††

University of Phoenix, Jersey City Campus..................... 5 533 154 28.9 154††8†††

New Mexico

Brookline College ............................................................ 6 383 262 68.4 262 † 29 0 † † †

Central New Mexico Community College ........................ 2 27,999 12,456 44.5 12,456 † 538 † † † †

See notes at end of table.

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 363

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Clovis Community College............................................... 2 4,282 1,241 29.0 1,241 † 43 † † † †

Eastern New Mexico University, Main Campus ............... 1 4,679 1,417 30.3 1,187 230 1 143 12 † †

Eastern New Mexico University, Roswell ......................... 2 4,347 1,998 46.0 1,998 † 61 † † † †

Eastern New Mexico University, Ruidoso ........................ 2 920 261 28.4 261 † 4 † † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Albuquerque................................ 5 722 319 44.2 319 † 71 24 † † †

Luna Community College ................................................ 2 1,791 1,525 85.1 1,525 † 62 ††††

Mesalands Community College....................................... 2 991 391 39.5 391 † 17 ††††

National American University, Albuquerque..................... 5 432 141 32.6 141 † 4 21 † † †

National American University, Rio Rancho ...................... 5 226 65 28.8 65 † 5 14 † † †

New Mexico Highlands University.................................... 1 3,739 1,956 52.3 1,320 636 1 191 138 † †

New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology .............. 1 1,761 405 23.0 357 48 0 40 5 † 0

New Mexico Junior College ............................................. 2 2,313 836 36.1 836 † 137 † † † †

New Mexico Military Institute ........................................... 2 416 124 29.8 124 † 17 † † † †

New Mexico State University, Alamogordo ...................... 2 3,641 1,459 40.1 1,459 † 37 ††††

New Mexico State University, Carlsbad ........................... 2 2,043 991 48.5 991 † 39 † † † †

New Mexico State University, Dona Ana.......................... 2 9,021 6,196 68.7 6,196 † 456††††

New Mexico State University, Grants............................... 2 1,478 633 42.8 633 † 23 † † † †

New Mexico State University, Main Campus ................... 1 18,526 8,641 46.6 7,376 1,265 12 948 227 † 10

Northern New Mexico College......................................... 1 2,066 1,462 70.8 1,462 † 90 17 † † †

Pima Medical Institute, Albuquerque ............................... 6 1,003 371 37.0 371 † 37 ††††

Santa Fe Community College.......................................... 2 4,630 2,235 48.3 2,235 † 98 † † † †

The Art Center Design College, Albuquerque ................. 5 252 95 37.7 95†19†††

University of New Mexico, Los Alamos............................ 2 683 278 40.7 278 † 13 † † † †

University of New Mexico, Main Campus......................... 1 27,241 9,411 34.5 8,066 1,345 2 1,013 228 81 16

University of New Mexico, Taos ....................................... 2 1,429 814 57.0 814 † 26 † † † †

University of New Mexico, Valencia County..................... 2 2,170 1,248 57.5 1,248 † 58 † † † †

University of Phoenix, Albuquerque................................. 5 5,120 3,950 77.1 3,417 533 † 381 203 † †

University of the Southwest ............................................. 3 528 191 36.2 115 76 † 51 16 † †

Western New Mexico University ...................................... 1 3,370 1,690 50.1 1,520 170 36 62 26 † †

New York 

Art Institute of New York City ........................................... 6 1,329 429 32.3 429 † 85 † † † †

ASA Institute of Business and Computer Technology ..... 6 4,582 1,817 39.7 1,817 † 363††††

Berkeley College.............................................................. 5 4,430 1,368 30.9 1,368 † 40 118 † † †

Boricua College ............................................................... 3 1,051 890 84.7 851 39 125 117 13 † †

College of Mount Saint Vincent ....................................... 3 1,894 586 30.9 521 65 0 62 17 † †

College of Westchester.................................................... 5 1,363 541 39.7 541 † 99 † † † †

CUNY, Borough of Manhattan Community College ......... 2 21,424 7,583 35.4 7,583 † 632††††

CUNY, Bronx Community College ................................... 2 10,420 6,065 58.2 6,065 † 392††††

CUNY, City College.......................................................... 1 16,212 4,914 30.3 4,163 751 † 377 107 † †

CUNY, Hostos Community College.................................. 2 6,187 3,570 57.7 3,570 † 286††††

CUNY, John Jay College of Criminal Justice ................... 1 15,330 5,881 38.4 5,462 419 93 607 70 † †

CUNY, LaGuardia Community College............................ 2 17,028 6,199 36.4 6,199 † 484††††

CUNY, Lehman College................................................... 1 12,195 5,700 46.7 4,942 758 † 643 123 † †

CUNY, New York City College of Technology................... 1 15,399 4,046 26.3 4,046 † 210 147†††

DeVry College of New York ............................................. 5 1,817 502 27.6 410 92 10 23 8 † †

Long Island University, Brentwood................................... 3 508 42 8.3 11 31 † 3 13 † †

Mandl College of Allied Health ........................................ 6 617 246 39.9 246 † 53 ††††

Mercy College.................................................................. 3 9,673 2,768 28.6 1,940 828 30 220 237 † 2

Monroe College, Main Campus ....................................... 5 5,068 2,610 51.5 2,514 96 494 306 24 † †

Plaza College .................................................................. 5 776 247 31.8 247 † 56 11 † † †

Professional Business College ........................................ 4 767 225 29.3 225 † 25 † † † †

Technical Career Institutes .............................................. 6 4,360 1,893 43.4 1,893 † 258 † † † †

Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology ............. 3 1,310 559 42.7 556 3 41 37 0 † †

Wood Tobe-Coburn School.............................................. 6 592 294 49.7 294 † 108††††

Oregon

Mount Angel Seminary .................................................... 3 152 53 34.9 25 28†848†

Pennsylvania

Berks Technical Institute.................................................. 6 872 286 32.8 286 † 41 † † † †

CHI Institute..................................................................... 6 920 247 26.8 247 † 2 † † † †

Consolidated School of Business .................................... 6 182 49 26.9 49 † 11 † † † †

Lincoln Technical Institute................................................ 6 894 277 31.0 277 † 8 † † † †

Pace Institute................................................................... 6 288 148 51.4 148 † 25 † † † †

Pennsylvania School of Business.................................... 6 427 211 49.4 211†0††††

Rhode Island

Sanford-Brown Institute ................................................... 6 27 8 29.6 8 † 24 † † † †

Texas 

Academy of Health Care Professions.............................. 6 392 180 45.9 180 † 7 † † † †

Art Institute of Austin ....................................................... 5 873 343 39.3 343 † 0 0 † † †

Art Institute of Houston.................................................... 5 2,223 635 28.6 635 † 12 40 † † †

University of Texas at Brownsville.................................... 1 17,151 15,399 89.8 14,746 653 † 859 152 † †

University of Texas at El Paso.......................................... 1 21,011 16,039 76.3 13,746 2,293 † 2,309 420 † 7

University of Texas at San Antonio .................................. 1 28,955 12,466 43.1 11,021 1,445 † 1,717 320 † 12

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 1 3,223 817 25.3 302 515 † 118 52 49 6

University of Texas of the Permian Basin......................... 1 3,546 1,407 39.7 1,187 220 † 216 45 † †

University of Texas, Pan American .................................. 1 18,337 16,336 89.1 14,405 1,931 † 2,386 574 † 16

Allied Health Careers....................................................... 6 371 182 49.1 182 † 4 † † † †

See notes at end of table.

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
364 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Amarillo College .............................................................. 2 11,289 2,955 26.2 2,955 † 142††††

American InterContinental University .............................. 5 514 130 25.3 126 4 10 16 4 † †

Anamarc Educational Institute......................................... 6 715 626 87.6 626††††††

ATI Career Training Center .............................................. 6 1,172 308 26.3 308 † 8 † † † †

Austin Graduate School of Theology ............................... 3 56 9 16.154†01††

Baptist Health System School of Health Professions ...... 6 458 208 45.4 208 † 153 † † † †

Baptist University of the Americas................................... 3 208 140 67.3 140 † 4 21 † † †

Brazosport College.......................................................... 1 3,908 1,063 27.2 1,063 † 49 6 † † †

Brookhaven College ........................................................ 2 11,814 3,310 28.0 3,310 † 157 † † † †

Career Centers of Texas, Brownsville.............................. 6 628 622 99.0 622 † † † † † †

Career Centers of Texas, Corpus Christi......................... 6 755 634 84.0 634 † † † † † †

Career Point College ....................................................... 6 1,802 1,260 69.9 1,260 † 31 † † † †

Center for Advanced Legal Studies ................................. 5 208 53 25.5 40 13 13 ††††

Coastal Bend College...................................................... 2 4,196 2,821 67.2 2,821 † 129††††

College of Biblical Studies, Houston................................ 3 617 236 38.2 236 † 4 10 † † †

Computer Career Center ................................................. 6 994 728 73.2 728 † 73 † † † †

Culinary Institute Inc........................................................ 6 199 71 35.7 71 † 2 † † † †

Del Mar College............................................................... 2 12,069 7,461 61.8 7,461 † 561 † † † †

DeVry University, Texas ................................................... 5 5,058 1,362 26.9 1,250 112 32 101 21 † †

Eastfield College.............................................................. 2 11,944 4,052 33.9 4,052 † 127 † † † †

El Centro College ............................................................ 2 9,072 2,942 32.4 2,942 † 111 † † † †

El Paso Community College ............................................ 2 28,168 24,196 85.9 24,196 † 1,792 † † † †

Everest College, Arlington ............................................... 6 783 256 32.7 256 † 5 † † † †

Everest College, Fort Worth ............................................ 6 939 337 35.9 337 † 8 † † † †

Frank Phillips College ...................................................... 2 1,239 293 23.6 293 † 8 † † † †

Galen College of Nursing, San Antonio........................... 6 639 339 53.1 339††††††

Galveston College ........................................................... 2 2,167 616 28.4 616 † 40 † † † †

Hallmark College of Technology/Aeronautics .................. 5 835 477 57.1 477 † 146††††

Houston Baptist University............................................... 3 2,710 653 24.1 608 45 0 43 8 † †

Houston Community College........................................... 2 54,942 16,884 30.7 16,884 † 648 † † † †

Howard College ............................................................... 2 3,984 1,472 36.9 1,472 † 77 † † † †

International Academy of Design and Technology........... 6 476 281 59.0 281††††††

International Business College, Cromo St., El Paso........ 6 214 191 89.3 191†0††††

International Business College, N. Zaragosa Rd., El Paso 6 300 285 95.0 285 † 11 ††††

ITT Technical Institute, Arlington...................................... 6 793 227 28.6 227 † 60 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Austin.......................................... 6 787 310 39.4 310 † 64 † † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Houston North ............................ 6 905 325 35.9 325 † 70 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Houston West ............................. 6 622 242 38.9 242 † 74 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Richardson.................................. 6 744 215 28.9 215 † 50 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, San Antonio ................................ 6 729 457 62.7 457 † 115 0 † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Webster....................................... 6 439 151 34.4 151 † 36 0 † † †

Kaplan Career Institute, Fort Worth................................. 6 721 359 49.8 359 † † † † † †

Kaplan Career Institute, McAllen ..................................... 6 1,015 1,013 99.8 1,013 † † † † † †

Kaplan Career Institute, San Antonio Campus................ 6 1,082 515 47.6 515 † † † † † †

Kaplan College, Dallas .................................................... 6 368 119 32.3 119 † † † † † †

Laredo Community College ............................................. 2 9,361 9,001 96.2 9,001 † 600††††

Le Cordon Bleu Institute of Culinary Arts, Dallas ............ 6 886 230 26.0 230 † 45 † † † †

Lee College ..................................................................... 2 6,658 1,845 27.7 1,845 † 139††††

Lincoln College of Technology......................................... 6 2,018 603 29.9 603†1††††

Lone Star College System............................................... 2 46,504 12,501 26.9 12,501 † 567††††

Midland College............................................................... 1 6,227 2,126 34.1 2,126 † 1550†††

Mountain View College.................................................... 2 8,203 4,029 49.1 4,029 † 193 † † † †

North Lake College.......................................................... 2 11,644 3,050 26.2 3,050 † 98 † † † †

Northwest Vista College .................................................. 2 14,587 6,691 45.9 6,691 † 251 † † † †

Northwood University ...................................................... 3 930 213 22.9 207 6 24 41 † † †

Odessa College ............................................................... 2 5,132 2,542 49.5 2,542 † 147 † † † †

Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio ................. 3 2,660 1,814 68.2 1,189 625 † 193 132 † 12

Palo Alto College ............................................................. 2 8,335 5,524 66.3 5,524 † 271 † † † †

Remington College, Dallas .............................................. 6 1,446 490 33.9 490 † 63 † † † †

Remington College, Fort Worth ....................................... 6 782 222 28.4 222 † 14 † † † †

Remington College, Houston........................................... 6 651 244 37.5 244 † 26 † † † †

Remington College, Houston Southeast.......................... 6 423 136 32.2 136 † 0 † † † †

Remington College, North Houston................................. 6 796 323 40.6 323 † 18 † † † †

Saint Edward's University ................................................ 3 5,293 1,580 29.9 1,391 189 † 311 51 † †

Saint Mary's University .................................................... 3 3,893 2,141 55.0 1,674 467 † 291 83 58 0

Saint Philips College........................................................ 2 11,008 5,027 45.7 5,027 † 255††††

San Antonio College........................................................ 2 24,135 11,557 47.9 11,557 † 504 † † † †

San Jacinto Community College...................................... 2 27,011 10,397 38.5 10,397 † 573 † † † †

Sanford-Brown College, Houston .................................... 6 1,513 512 33.8 512 † 0 † † † †

Sanford-Brown College, San Antonio .............................. 6 221 111 50.2 111 † 0 † † † †

South Plains College ....................................................... 2 10,011 3,110 31.1 3,110 † 123 † † † †

South Texas College........................................................ 1 26,338 25,001 94.9 25,001 † 1,392 71 † † †

Southwest Career College............................................... 6 650 615 94.6 615 † † † † † †

Southwest Collegiate Institute for the Deaf...................... 2 119 28 23.5 28 † 0 † † † †

Southwest Institute of Technology ................................... 6 21 11 52.4 11†7††††

Southwest Texas Junior College...................................... 2 5,767 4,753 82.4 4,753 † 400 † † † †

Southwestern Adventist University .................................. 3 809 240 29.7 234 6 5 29 0 † †

See notes at end of table.

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 365

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Sul Ross State University ................................................ 1 3,047 1,796 58.9 1,328 468 1 228 103 † †

Texas A & M International University ............................... 1 6,419 5,831 90.8 4,970 861 † 672 222 † 0

Texas A & M University, Corpus Christi ........................... 1 9,468 3,692 39.0 3,100 592 † 524 127 † 12

Texas A & M University, Kingsville ................................... 1 8,194 5,046 61.6 4,177 869 † 597 71 † 3

Texas Careers, Laredo..................................................... 6 380 378 99.5 378 † † † † † †

Texas Careers, Lubbock .................................................. 6 490 412 84.1 412 † † † † † †

Texas Careers, San Antonio ............................................ 6 1,058 784 74.1 784 † † † † † †

Texas Culinary Academy ................................................. 6 1,020 328 32.2 328 † 102††††

Texas School of Business Inc. ......................................... 6 1,206 399 33.1 399 † † † † † †

Texas State Technical College, Harlingen........................ 2 5,988 5,026 83.9 5,026 † 282††††

Texas Wesleyan University .............................................. 3 3,333 632 19.0 480 152 † 67 15 11 †

University of Houston, Downtown.................................... 1 12,742 4,448 34.9 4,415 33 † 729 6 † †

University of Phoenix, Austin ........................................... 5 505 142 28.1 126 16†84††

University of Phoenix, San Antonio ................................. 5 942 486 51.6 402 84 † 49 24 † †

University of Saint Thomas.............................................. 3 3,132 976 31.2 642 334 † 95 83 1 0

University of the Incarnate Word ..................................... 3 6,756 3,894 57.6 3,206 688 0 528 133 0 2

Vet Tech Institute of Houston ........................................... 6 134 47 35.1 47 † 12 † † † †

Victoria College, Victoria ................................................. 2 4,054 1,392 34.3 1,392 † 113 † † † †

Virginia College, Austin.................................................... 6 865 308 35.6 308 † 40 † † † †

Western Technical College, Diana Dr., El Paso ............... 6 549 451 82.1 451 † 59 ††††

Western Technical College, Plaza Circle, El Paso........... 6 958 884 92.3 884 † 157 † † † †

Western Texas College.................................................... 2 2,473 644 26.0 644 † 21 † † † †

Westwood College, Dallas............................................... 5 611 194 31.8 194 † 30 0†††

Westwood College, Fort Worth........................................ 5 367 104 28.3 104 † 17 0†††

Westwood College, Houston South ................................. 5 478 255 53.3 255 † 25 0†††

Wharton County Junior College....................................... 2 6,622 1,811 27.3 1,811 † 109††††

Virginia

Everest College, Arlington ............................................... 6 783 265 33.8 265 † 13 † † † †

ITT Technical Institute, Chantilly ...................................... 5 634 169 26.7 169 † 13 1†††

Sanz School .................................................................... 6 1,658 966 58.3 966†2††††

Washington

Big Bend Community College.......................................... 2 2,169 668 30.8 668 † 72 ††††

Heritage University .......................................................... 3 1,115 524 47.0 450 74 14 63 34 † †

Yakima Valley Community College................................... 2 4,724 1,693 35.8 1,693 † 162 † † † †

Puerto Rico

American University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon................ 3 1,698 1,697 99.9 1,597 100 31 136 21 † †

American University of Puerto Rico, Manati .................... 3 1,455 1,455 100.0 1,369 86 15 141 18 † †

Atenas College ................................................................ 3 1,469 1,469 100.0 1,469††††††

Atlantic College................................................................ 3 1,236 1,236 100.0 1,168 68 17 159 30 † †

Bayamon Central University ............................................ 3 2,287 2,287 100.0 1,783 504 23 258 119 † †

Caribbean University, Bayamon....................................... 3 1,892 1,892 100.0 1,687 205 24 107 116 † †

Caribbean University, Carolina ........................................ 3 602 602 100.0 509 93 10 35 71 † †

Caribbean University, Ponce............................................ 3 1,402 1,402 100.0 1,142 260 13 77 78 † †

Caribbean University, Vega Baja...................................... 3 697 697 100.0 559 138 40 40 72 † †

Carlos Albizu University................................................... 3 898 891 99.2 166 725 † 59 77 † 67

Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, Humacao ........... 4 685 685 100.0 685 † 81 ††††

Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, San Juan............ 4 1,224 1,224 100.0 1,224 † 205††††

Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, Bayamon............ 4 631 631 100.0 631†0††††

Colegio de Cinematografía, Artes y Television................ 6 527 527 100.0 527 † 12 ††††

Colegio Pentecostal Mizpa .............................................. 3 275 275 100.0 275 † 14 9†††

Colegio Universitario de San Juan .................................. 1 1,785 1,785 100.0 1,785 † 100 76 † † †

Columbia Centro Universitario, Caguas .......................... 5 1,344 1,344 100.0 1,258 86 148 102 74 † †

Columbia Centro Universitario, Yauco ............................. 5 559 559 100.0 559 † 95 5†††

EDIC College................................................................... 6 903 903 100.0 903 † 43 ††††

EDP College of Puerto Rico Inc., San Juan .................... 5 1,026 1,026 100.0 980 46 54 84 20 † †

EDP College of Puerto Rico Inc., San Sebastian............ 3 1,084 1,084 100.0 1,084 † 42 50 † † †

Escuela de Artes Plasticas de Puerto Rico..................... 1 530 528 99.6 528 † † 62 † † †

Huertas Junior College.................................................... 6 1,843 1,843 100.0 1,843 † 414††††

Humacao Community College......................................... 4 758 758 100.0 758 † 152††††

ICPR Junior College, Arecibo.......................................... 6 359 359 100.0 359 † 51 ††††

ICPR Junior College, General Institutional ...................... 6 602 602 100.0 602 † 46 ††††

ICPR Junior College, Mayaguez...................................... 6 525 525 100.0 525 † 77 ††††

Instituto Tecnologico de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Guayama 2 776 776 100.0 776 † 145††††

Instituto Tecnologico de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Ponce . 2 753 753 100.0 753 † 216††††

Instituto Tecnologico de Puerto Rico, Recinto de San Juan 2 745 745 100.0 745 † 177††††

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Aguadilla........ 3 4,502 4,502 100.0 4,237 265 66 266 51 † †

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo........... 3 4,878 4,878 100.0 4,549 329 52 468 60 † †

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Barranquitas .. 3 2,418 2,418 100.0 2,247 171 40 224 33 † †

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon........ 3 5,245 5,245 100.0 5,145 100 39 495 18 † †

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Fajardo........... 3 2,288 2,288 100.0 2,217 71 10 222 10 † †

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Guayama ....... 3 2,377 2,377 100.0 2,296 81 78 2161††

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metro.............. 3 10,693 10,693 100.0 7,158 3,535 78 750 745 † 45

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Ponce............. 3 6,048 6,048 100.0 5,713 335 134 381 44 † †

Inter American University of Puerto Rico, San German .. 3 5,716 5,716 100.0 4,825 891 73 511 146 † 17

John Dewey College........................................................ 4 840 840 100.0 840††††††

John Dewey College, University Division......................... 3 1,267 1,267 100.0 1,267 † 185 88 † † †

See notes at end of table.

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
366 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

11 = public, 4-year; 2 = public, 2-year; 3 = private not-for-profit, 4-year; 4 = private not-forprofit, 2-year; 5 = private for-profit, 4-year; and 6 = private for-profit, 2-year.

2Hispanic headcount enrollment (U.S. citizens and permanent residents only) as a percentage of total headcount enrollment, including both resident and nonresident students. Hispanic and total headcount enrollment include graduate as well as undergraduate students.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. This table includes institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, defined as institutions with a full-time-equivalent undergraduate enrollment of Hispanic students at 25 percent or more of full-timeequivalent undergraduate enrollment of U.S. citizens. Data for Hispanics include only persons who were U.S. citizens or permanent residents.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 and 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009

and Spring 2010. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Mech-Tech College LLC .................................................. 6 3,554 3,554 100.0 3,554 † 30 ††††

National College of Business and Technology, Arecibo... 5 1,763 1,763 100.0 1,763 † 195 62 † † †

National College of Business and Technology, Bayamon 5 2,703 2,703 100.0 2,703 † 292 95 † † †

National College of Business and Technology, Rio Grande 5 1,567 1,567 100.0 1,567 † 178 84 † † †

Ponce Paramedical College Inc. ..................................... 6 2,977 2,903 97.5 2,903 † 201 † † † †

Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo...... 3 680 679 99.9 470 209 8 61 54 † †

Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez . 3 1,498 1,498 100.0 1,355 143 10 97 48 † †

Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce........ 3 7,682 7,641 99.5 5,332 2,309 11 624 172 143 68

Puerto Rico Conservatory of Music................................. 1 402 400 99.5 371 29 † 42 3 † †

Universal Technology College of Puerto Rico.................. 4 1,818 1,795 98.7 1,795 † 140††††

Universidad Adventista de las Antillas............................. 3 1,019 934 91.7 872 62 11 96 24 † †

Universidad Central Del Caribe ....................................... 3 485 470 96.9 178 292 21 5 6 57 †

Universidad Del Este ....................................................... 3 13,317 13,317 100.0 12,062 1,255 168 790 391 † †

Universidad Del Turabo.................................................... 3 16,190 16,190 100.0 13,150 3,040 119 991 982 † 29

Universidad Metropolitana............................................... 3 12,622 12,622 100.0 10,316 2,306 73 883 744 † †

Universidad Politecnica de Puerto Rico........................... 3 5,529 5,529 100.0 4,853 676 † 471 242 † †

Universidad Teologica del Caribe .................................... 3 251 251 100.0 251 † † 26 † † †

University of Phoenix, Puerto Rico.................................. 5 2,965 2,778 93.7 1,150 1,628 † 134 375 † †

University of Puerto Rico at Cayey .................................. 1 3,830 3,830 100.0 3,830 † 2 495†††

University of Puerto Rico in Ponce .................................. 1 3,438 3,438 100.0 3,438 † 90 362†††

University of Puerto Rico, Aguadilla ................................ 1 3,076 3,076 100.0 3,076 † 29 289†††

University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo................................... 1 4,352 4,352 100.0 4,352 † 56 449†††

University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon ................................ 1 5,184 5,184 100.0 5,184 † 53 459†††

University of Puerto Rico, Carolina.................................. 1 4,321 4,321 100.0 4,321 † 124 410†††

University of Puerto Rico, Humacao................................ 1 4,676 4,662 99.7 4,662 † 110 490 † † †

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez............................... 1 13,852 13,852 100.0 12,758 1,094 † 1,520 111 † 18

University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus..... 1 2,381 2,353 98.8 532 1,821 47 101 231 184 7

University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras............................. 1 18,966 18,704 98.6 15,271 3,433 † 2,334 358 177 89

University of Puerto Rico, Utuado.................................... 1 1,623 1,623 100.0 1,623 † 59 94 † † †

University of Sacred Heart............................................... 3 5,673 5,673 100.0 4,589 1,084 124 530 128 † †

Table 248. Enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting institutions that serve large proportions of Hispanic undergraduate students, 

by selected characteristics and institution: Fall 2009 and 2008–09—Continued

Institution

Type

and

control1

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees awarded to Hispanics, 2008–09

Total Hispanic

Percent

Hispanic2

Hispanic

undergraduate

Hispanic

postbaccalaureate Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’sFirstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 367

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

11 = public, 4-year; 2 = public, 2-year; 3 = private not-for-profit, 4-year; and 4 = private notfor-profit, 2-year.

2“Total American Indian/Alaska Native” enrollment (column 11) includes graduate students

and therefore does not equal “Undergraduate American Indian/Alaska Native” enrollment

(column 13).

NOTE: This table only includes institutions that were in operation during the 2009–10 academic

year. They are all members of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium and, with few

exceptions, are tribally controlled and located on reservations. Degree-granting institutions

grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Totals include persons of other racial/ethnic groups not separately identified.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000

through 2009, 2007–08, and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), Spring 2001 through Spring 2010, Fall 2008, and Fall 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 249. Fall enrollment and degrees conferred in degree-granting tribally controlled institutions, by institution: Selected years, fall 2000 

through fall 2009, and 2007–08 and 2008–09

Institution

Type

and

control1

Total fall enrollment Degrees to American Indians/

Alaska Natives

 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

2009

Total

Total

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Percent

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Undergraduate

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Associate’s Bachelor’s

2007–08 2008–09 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Tribally controlled 

institutions2 .................... † 13,680 17,776 17,605 17,167 17,255 17,418 17,014 19,686 15,592 79.2 15,491 1,263 1,153 173 160

Alaska

Ilisagvik College......................... 2 322 417 214 278 203 439 251 226 142 62.8 142 4 4 † †

Arizona

Diné College .............................. 1 1,712 1,878 1,935 1,825 1,669 1,657 1,527 1,935 1,914 98.9 1,914 229 169 † 0

Tohono O’odham Community 

College................................. 2 — 181 169 270 198 154 163 254 224 88.2 224 21 4 † †

Kansas

 Haskell Indian Nations 

University ............................. 1 918 918 928 918 889 894 997 1,059 1,059 100.0 1,059 100 69 68 37

Michigan

Bay Mills Community College .... 2 360 386 401 406 550 427 501 608 336 55.3 336 16 11 † †

Saginaw Chippewa Tribal 

College................................. 2 — 66 109 123 125 127 133 134 118 88.1 118 10 6 † †

Minnesota

Fond du Lac Tribal and

 Community College............... 2 999 1,735 1,775 1,981 2,181 2,197 2,206 2,305 325 14.1 325 44 33 † †

Leech Lake Tribal College.......... 2 240 162 195 189 198 243 228 233 205 88.0 205 10 26 † †

White Earth Tribal and 

Community College ............. 4 — 81 67 61 106 99 106 113 96 85.0 96 0 3 † †

Montana

Blackfeet Community College.... 4 299 546 561 485 467 471 492 533 515 96.6 515 62 57 † †

Chief Dull Knife College............. 2 461 442 356 554 359 437 443 472 381 80.7 381 17 19 † †

Fort Belknap College ................. 2 295 215 257 175 161 244 168 236 232 98.3 232 15 22 † †

Fort Peck Community College ... 2 400 419 504 408 441 422 436 427 337 78.9 337 31 31 † †

Little Big Horn College............... 2 320 394 291 259 312 272 337 415 403 97.1 403 37 23 † †

Salish Kootenai College............. 3 1,042 1,100 1,130 1,142 1,092 1,040 993 1,204 895 74.3 895 36 34 30 24

Stone Child College ................... 2 38 434 347 344 397 305 236 303 284 93.7 284 34 23 † †

Nebraska

Little Priest Tribal College .......... 4 141 130 154 109 95 120 116 141 133 94.3 133 5 11 † †

Nebraska Indian Community 

College................................. 2 170 190 190 107 115 89 92 129 123 95.3 123 3 2 † †

New Mexico

Institute of American Indian and 

Alaska Native Culture .......... 1 139 154 176 113 192 231 249 350 316 90.3 316 7 7 14 21

Navajo Technical College........... 2 841 300 306 333 392 367 571 751 747 99.5 747 40 36 † †

Southwestern Indian 

Polytechnic Institute ............. 2 304 936 772 614 561 600 470 635 635 100.0 635 38 68 † †

North Dakota

Candeska Cikana Community 

College................................. 2 9 190 197 198 233 223 201 250 241 96.4 241 19 33 † †

Fort Berthold Community 

College................................. 2 50 274 285 241 196 201 162 323 298 92.3 298 24 29 † †

Sitting Bull College..................... 1 22 317 289 287 286 290 296 335 295 88.1 295 22 34 6 9

Turtle Mountain Community 

College................................. 3 686 959 787 615 788 928 951 1,058 972 91.9 972 67 75 4 8

United Tribes Technical College. 4 204 466 536 885 606 604 375 476 460 96.6 460 80 69 † †

South Dakota

Oglala Lakota College2 .............. 1 1,174 1,441 1,501 1,302 1,485 1,456 1,531 1,804 1,642 91.0 1,584 83 68 37 33

Sinte Gleska University2 ............ 3 900 1,055 1,400 1,123 969 971 1,012 936 677 72.3 634 66 50 14 28

Sisseton-Wahpeton College ...... 2 250 287 287 290 279 245 227 237 191 80.6 191 17 18 † †

Washington

Northwest Indian College........... 1 524 643 519 495 623 584 554 609 509 83.6 509 45 43 † 0

Wisconsin

College of the Menominee 

Nation .................................. 3 371 499 507 532 513 505 512 634 465 73.3 465 38 29 † 0

Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa

 Community College............... 2 489 561 460 505 574 576 478 561 422 75.2 422 43 47 † †
368 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 250. Fall enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in degree-granting historically Black colleges and universities, by institution: 

2008, 2009, and 2008–09

Institution State

Type and

control1

Total

enrollment,

fall 2008

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees conferred, 2008–09 Total

expenditures,

2008–09

Total (in thousands)

Black

enrollment Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s

Firstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Total............................................................................... † † 313,491 322,789 264,090 3,469 31,416 7,228 1,908 667 $7,447,698

Alabama A&M University2...................................................... AL 1 5,124 5,327 4,944 † 628 234 † 16 122,978

Alabama State University ...................................................... AL 1 5,695 5,564 5,352 † 497 216 † 58 128,144

Bishop State Community College.......................................... AL 2 3,215 3,598 2,087 208 † † † † 37,759

Concordia College, Selma..................................................... AL 3 539 568 541 17 42 † † † 8,456

Gadsden State Community College ...................................... AL 2 5,803 6,917 1,529 450 † † † † 54,416

H. Councill Trenholm State Technical College ....................... AL 2 1,358 1,733 1,103 133 † † † † 22,060

J. F. Drake Technical College................................................. AL 2 756 1,258 810 56 † † † † 11,541

Lawson State Community College, Birmingham Campus..... AL 2 3,609 4,353 3,646 233 † † † † 42,821

Miles College ......................................................................... AL 3 1,786 1,791 1,760 † 219 † † † 24,123

Oakwood College .................................................................. AL 3 1,865 1,916 1,741 3 254 † † † 38,468

Selma University3 .................................................................. AL 3 3,351 35 35 0 3 5 † † 1,050

Shelton State Community College, C. A. Fredd campus ....... AL 2 5,511 5,808 1,846 226 † † † † 42,687

Stillman College..................................................................... AL 3 1,048 1,041 1,009 † 110 † † † 21,258

Talladega College .................................................................. AL 3 601 700 660 † 42 † † † 12,135

Tuskegee University2 ............................................................. AL 3 2,994 2,931 2,735 † 349 61 54 6 115,530

Arkansas Baptist College ...................................................... AR 3 626 640 588 16 15 † † † 7,576

Philander Smith College ........................................................ AR 3 587 668 640 † 71 † † † 16,364

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff2 ..................................... AR 1 3,525 3,792 3,582 0 401 24 † † 71,718

Delaware State University2 .................................................... DE 1 3,534 3,609 2,919 † 506 126 † 14 107,648

Howard University.................................................................. DC 3 10,320 10,573 8,214 † 1,402 387 452 108 1,051,876

University of the District of Columbia2 ................................... DC 1 5,339 4,960 4,083 184 384 75 † † 130,611

Bethune-Cookman College ................................................... FL 3 3,633 3,637 3,437 † 453 6 † † 63,393

Edward Waters College ......................................................... FL 3 843 831 799 † 85 † † † 22,561

Florida A&M University2......................................................... FL 1 11,857 12,274 11,124 47 1,435 271 276 28 281,218

Florida Memorial College....................................................... FL 3 1,816 1,923 1,666 † 183 55 † † 37,038

Albany State College ............................................................. GA 1 4,176 4,473 4,139 3 519 112 † † 64,347

Clark Atlanta University ......................................................... GA 3 4,068 3,873 3,800 † 493 152 † 28 93,025

Fort Valley State University2 .................................................. GA 1 3,106 3,553 3,395 9 241 39 † † 67,348

Interdenominational Theological Center................................ GA 3 426 421 409 † † † 89 5 8,314

Morehouse College ............................................................... GA 3 2,781 2,689 2,596 † 488 † † † 81,158

Morehouse School of Medicine ............................................. GA 3 322 326 271 † † 24 56 7 121,342

Paine College ........................................................................ GA 3 863 907 889 † 76 † † † 16,948

Savannah State University..................................................... GA 1 3,453 3,820 3,603 † 326 42 † † 63,560

Spelman College ................................................................... GA 3 2,270 2,229 2,134 † 444 † † † 84,627

Kentucky State University2..................................................... KY 1 2,659 2,834 1,876 39 184 40 † † 66,473

Dillard University.................................................................... LA 3 851 1,011 985 † 171 † † † 54,355

Grambling State University .................................................... LA 1 5,253 4,992 4,361 33 554 115 † 9 102,069

Southern University and A&M College2 ................................. LA 1 7,669 7,619 7,203 2 896 312 † 18 184,956

Southern University at New Orleans ..................................... LA 1 3,104 3,141 3,030 11 228 148 † † 40,221

Southern University at Shreveport......................................... LA 2 2,429 3,014 2,522 242 † † † † 31,374

Xavier University of Louisiana ............................................... LA 3 3,236 3,338 2,605 † 350 35 147 † 90,661

Bowie State University........................................................... MD 1 5,483 5,617 5,090 † 613 300 † 22 80,329

Coppin State College............................................................. MD 1 4,051 3,801 3,564 † 358 87 † † 73,136

Morgan State University ........................................................ MD 1 7,005 7,226 6,554 † 843 188 † 36 177,332

University of Maryland, Eastern Shore2................................. MD 1 4,290 4,433 3,528 † 429 76 0 28 98,524

Alcorn State University2 ......................................................... MS 1 3,252 3,334 3,050 27 437 162 † † 77,345

Coahoma Community College............................................... MS 2 2,263 2,565 2,493 202 † † † † 29,588

Hinds Community College, Utica Campus............................. MS 2 1,243 1,220 1,184 66 † † † † —

Jackson State University........................................................ MS 1 8,377 8,783 8,181 † 905 352 † 67 182,170

Mississippi Valley State University......................................... MS 1 2,929 2,850 2,713 † 308 121 † † 75,888

Rust College .......................................................................... MS 3 942 1,072 1,057 9 104 † † † 15,413

Tougaloo College................................................................... MS 3 871 939 924 1 148 † † † 24,605

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 369

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

11 = public, 4-year; 2 = public, 2-year; 3 = private not-for-profit, 4-year; and 4 = private notfor-profit, 2-year.

2Land-grant institution.

3Data were imputed due to institution nonresponse. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Excludes historically Black colleges and universities

that are not participating in Title IV programs. Historically Black colleges and universities

are degree-granting institutions established prior to 1964 with the principal mission of educating Black Americans. Federal regulations, 20 U.S. Code, Section 1061 (2), allow for certain exceptions to the founding date. Totals include persons of other racial/ethnic groups

not separately identified. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008

and 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009, Spring

2009, and Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Harris-Stowe State College ................................................... MO 1 1,854 1,886 1,721 † 131 † † † 24,113

Lincoln University2 ................................................................. MO 1 3,109 3,314 1,297 69 297 60 † † 50,915

Bennett College for Women................................................... NC 3 689 766 755 † 99 † † † 18,390

Elizabeth City State University............................................... NC 1 3,104 3,264 2,677 † 396 22 † † 76,600

Fayetteville State University................................................... NC 1 6,217 6,283 4,773 † 773 145 † 9 105,672

Johnson C. Smith University.................................................. NC 3 1,571 1,466 1,444 † 208 † † † 42,526

Livingstone College ............................................................... NC 3 994 1,082 1,066 † 145 † † † 20,103

North Carolina A&T State University2 .................................... NC 1 10,388 10,614 9,294 † 1,372 377 † 33 236,594

North Carolina Central University .......................................... NC 1 8,035 8,587 7,194 † 809 373 191 † 181,324

Saint Augustine’s College...................................................... NC 3 1,451 1,529 1,485 † 167 † † † 33,153

Shaw University ..................................................................... NC 3 2,702 2,538 2,445 8 394 9 36 † 49,133

Winston-Salem State University ............................................ NC 1 6,442 6,427 5,191 † 1,012 127 † † 132,733

Central State University ......................................................... OH 1 2,171 2,436 2,366 † 182 6 † † 58,069

Wilberforce University............................................................ OH 3 785 710 682 † 153 0 † † 16,807

Langston University2 .............................................................. OK 1 2,734 2,749 2,287 13 377 72 † 11 38,197

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania...................................... PA 1 1,488 1,488 1,438 † 168 76 † † 46,360

Lincoln University of Pennsylvania ........................................ PA 1 2,524 2,649 2,521 † 254 206 † † 57,829

Allen University...................................................................... SC 3 725 827 822 † 49 † † † 19,146

Benedict College ................................................................... SC 3 2,883 2,983 2,962 † 296 † † † 53,557

Claflin College ....................................................................... SC 3 1,773 1,860 1,777 † 267 39 † † 40,898

Clinton Junior College............................................................ SC 4 124 148 147 24 † † † † 2,272

Denmark Technical College................................................... SC 2 2,277 1,105 1,060 104 † † † † 16,753

Morris College ....................................................................... SC 3 921 966 963 † 134 † † † 18,278

South Carolina State University2 ........................................... SC 1 4,888 4,538 4,339 † 521 115 † 29 124,362

Voorhees College .................................................................. SC 3 568 701 683 † 131 † † † 17,621

Fisk University ....................................................................... TN 3 726 650 575 † 115 9 † † 24,175

Lane College ......................................................................... TN 3 1,981 2,146 2,138 † 189 † † † 27,588

Le Moyne-Owen College ....................................................... TN 3 693 890 886 † 58 † † † 13,405

Meharry Medical College....................................................... TN 3 739 786 673 † † 14 121 6 119,798

Tennessee State University2 .................................................. TN 1 8,254 8,824 6,651 112 948 401 † 59 171,374

Huston-Tillotson College ....................................................... TX 3 785 882 679 † 94 † † † 15,262

Jarvis Christian College......................................................... TX 3 728 628 587 † 66 † † † 14,765

Paul Quinn College................................................................ TX 3 445 171 159 † 80 † † † 9,834

Prairie View A&M University2................................................. TX 1 8,203 8,608 7,513 † 835 745 † 19 180,428

Saint Philip’s College ............................................................. TX 2 10,335 11,008 1,709 629 † † † † 78,171

Southwestern Christian College ............................................ TX 3 203 201 182 34 4 † † † 6,249

Texas College ........................................................................ TX 3 736 964 806 3 93 † † † 12,113

Texas Southern University ..................................................... TX 1 9,102 9,394 7,964 † 920 189 317 24 198,671

Wiley College......................................................................... TX 3 967 1,237 1,144 0 170 † † † 16,780

Hampton University ............................................................... VA 3 5,427 5,402 4,904 0 855 108 62 7 148,546

Norfolk State University ......................................................... VA 1 6,325 6,993 6,382 60 784 210 † 3 133,741

Saint Paul’s College............................................................... VA 3 644 584 566 † 101 † † † 20,593

Virginia State University2 ....................................................... VA 1 5,042 5,366 5,100 8 609 95 † 7 122,112

Virginia Union University........................................................ VA 3 1,501 1,691 1,654 † 141 † 96 0 25,489

Virginia University of Lynchburg ............................................ VA 3 267 327 323 16 16 20 11 10 1,241

Bluefield State College .......................................................... WV 1 1,868 1,989 254 95 227 † † † 23,905

West Virginia State College................................................... WV 1 3,003 4,003 746 † 372 5 † † 49,985

University of the Virgin Islands2 ............................................. VI 1 2,393 2,602 2,100 77 210 40 † † 73,536

Table 250. Fall enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in degree-granting historically Black colleges and universities, by institution: 

2008, 2009, and 2008–09—Continued

Institution State

Type and

control1

Total

enrollment,

fall 2008

Enrollment, fall 2009 Degrees conferred, 2008–09 Total

expenditures,

2008–09

Total (in thousands)

Black

enrollment Associate’s Bachelor’s Master’s

Firstprofessional Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
370 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Totals (column 2) of public and private institutions together are approximate because public and

private not-for-profit institutions fill out different survey forms with different accounting concepts.

2Includes independent operations.

3Includes contributions from affiliated entities.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. Historically Black colleges and universities are degree-granting

institutions established prior to 1964 with the principal mission of educating Black Americans.

Federal regulations, 20 U.S. Code, Section 1061 (2), allow for certain exceptions to the founding

date. Federal, state, and local governments revenue includes appropriations, grants, and contracts. Totals include persons of other racial/ethnic groups not separately identified. Detail may

not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1990 through

2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, "Fall Enrollment Survey" (IPEDSEF:90), Spring 2001, Spring 2010, and Fall 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 251. Selected statistics on degree-granting historically Black colleges and universities, by control and type of institution: Selected years, 

1990 through 2009

Enrollment, degrees, type of revenues, and type of expenditures Total

Public Private

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 234567 8

Number of institutions, fall 2009 .............................................................. 100 51 40 11 49 48 1

Fall enrollment

Total enrollment, fall 1990............................................................................ 257,152 187,046 171,969 15,077 70,106 68,528 1,578

Males ....................................................................................................... 105,157 76,541 70,220 6,321 28,616 28,054 562

Males, Black......................................................................................... 82,897 57,255 54,041 3,214 25,642 25,198 444

Females ................................................................................................... 151,995 110,505 101,749 8,756 41,490 40,474 1,016

Females, Black..................................................................................... 125,785 86,949 80,883 6,066 38,836 38,115 721

Total enrollment, fall 2000............................................................................ 275,680 199,725 175,404 24,321 75,955 75,306 649

Males ....................................................................................................... 108,164 78,186 68,322 9,864 29,978 29,771 207

Males, Black......................................................................................... 87,319 60,029 56,017 4,012 27,290 27,085 205

Females ................................................................................................... 167,516 121,539 107,082 14,457 45,977 45,535 442

Females, Black..................................................................................... 139,920 96,677 89,260 7,417 43,243 42,810 433

Total enrollment, fall 2009............................................................................ 322,789 246,595 204,016 42,579 76,194 76,046 148

Males ....................................................................................................... 125,666 94,950 77,702 17,248 30,716 30,647 69

Males, Black......................................................................................... 100,550 72,627 65,696 6,931 27,923 27,854 69

Females ................................................................................................... 197,123 151,645 126,314 25,331 45,478 45,399 79

Females, Black..................................................................................... 163,540 121,461 108,403 13,058 42,079 42,001 78

Full-time enrollment, fall 2009.................................................................. 256,036 185,111 162,032 23,079 70,925 70,799 126

Males ................................................................................................... 102,351 73,723 64,198 9,525 28,628 28,562 66

Females ............................................................................................... 153,625 111,388 97,834 13,554 42,237 42,237 60

Part-time enrollment, fall 2009 ................................................................. 66,753 61,484 41,984 19,500 5,269 5,247 22

Males ................................................................................................... 23,315 21,227 13,504 7,723 2,088 2,085 3

Females ............................................................................................... 43,438 40,257 28,480 11,777 3,181 3,162 19

Earned degrees conferred, 2008–09

Associate’s................................................................................................... 3,469 3,338 789 2,549 131 107 24

Males ....................................................................................................... 1,163 1,107 179 928 56 45 11

Males, Black......................................................................................... 522 469 107 362 53 42 11

Females ................................................................................................... 2,306 2,231 610 1,621 75 62 13

Females, Black..................................................................................... 1,293 1,222 349 873 71 58 13

Bachelor’s .................................................................................................... 31,416 21,889 21,889 † 9,527 9,527 †

Males ....................................................................................................... 11,068 7,622 7,622 † 3,446 3,446 †

Males, Black......................................................................................... 9,415 6,308 6,308 † 3,107 3,107 †

Females ................................................................................................... 20,348 14,267 14,267 † 6,081 6,081 †

Females, Black..................................................................................... 17,598 11,993 11,993 † 5,605 5,605 †

Master’s ....................................................................................................... 7,228 6,304 6,304 † 924 924 †

Males ....................................................................................................... 2,024 1,736 1,736 † 288 288 †

Males, Black......................................................................................... 1,419 1,183 1,183 † 236 236 †

Females ................................................................................................... 5,204 4,568 4,568 † 636 636 †

Females, Black..................................................................................... 4,012 3,456 3,456 † 556 556 †

First-professional ......................................................................................... 1,908 784 784 † 1,124 1,124 †

Males ....................................................................................................... 786 317 317 † 469 469 †

Males, Black......................................................................................... 470 130 130 † 340 340 †

Females ................................................................................................... 1,122 467 467 † 655 655 †

Females, Black..................................................................................... 750 254 254 † 496 496 †

Doctor’s........................................................................................................ 667 490 490 † 177 177 †

Males ....................................................................................................... 262 188 188 † 74 74 †

Males, Black......................................................................................... 168 108 108 † 60 60 †

Females ................................................................................................... 405 302 302 † 103 103 †

Females, Black..................................................................................... 293 199 199 † 94 94 †

Financial statistics, 2008–091 In thousands of current dollars

Total revenue ............................................................................................... $7,052,762 $4,738,339 $4,361,043 $377,296 $2,314,423 $2,311,766 $2,657

Student tuition and fees ........................................................................... 1,599,492 806,851 764,435 42,416 792,641 792,231 410

Federal government2................................................................................ 1,954,972 1,149,778 1,003,698 146,080 805,194 803,924 1,270

State governments................................................................................... 2,016,014 1,922,031 1,771,515 150,516 93,983 93,733 250

Local governments................................................................................... 170,312 155,434 134,904 20,530 14,878 14,878 0

Private gifts and grants3 ........................................................................... 318,896 78,468 75,152 3,316 240,428 239,727 701

Investment return (gain or loss) ............................................................... -325,715 -13,458 -14,344 886 -312,257 -312,265 8

Auxiliary (essentially self-supporting) enterprises ................................... 749,464 456,502 448,443 8,059 292,962 292,962 0

Hospitals and other sources .................................................................... 569,327 182,733 177,240 5,493 386,594 386,577 17

Total expenditures........................................................................................ 7,447,698 4,649,702 4,282,533 367,169 2,797,996 2,795,724 2,272

Instruction ................................................................................................ 2,073,628 1,391,215 1,243,302 147,913 682,413 681,962 451

Research ................................................................................................. 413,985 276,258 275,901 357 137,728 137,728 0

Academic support.................................................................................... 609,093 432,067 403,934 28,133 177,026 176,999 27

Institutional support ................................................................................. 1,267,374 647,194 593,034 54,160 620,180 619,328 852

Auxiliary (essentially self-supporting) enterprises ................................... 823,162 543,741 531,307 12,434 279,421 279,421 0

Other expenditures .................................................................................. 2,260,456 1,359,228 1,235,055 124,173 901,228 900,286 942
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 371

Enrollment

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Historically Black colleges and universities are degree-granting institutions established prior to 1964 with the principal mission of educating Black Americans. Federal regulations, 20 U.S. Code, Section 1061 (2), allow for certain exceptions to the founding date.

Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degreegranting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and

participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See

Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities,” 1976 through 1985 surveys; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through

Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 252. Fall enrollment in degree-granting historically Black colleges and universities, by type and control of institution: Selected years, 1976 

through 2009

Year

Total

enrollment Males Females 4-year 2-year

Public Private

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

All students

1976.................................... 222,613 104,669 117,944 206,676 15,937 156,836 143,528 13,308 65,777 63,148 2,629

1980.................................... 233,557 106,387 127,170 218,009 15,548 168,217 155,085 13,132 65,340 62,924 2,416

1981.................................... 232,460 106,033 126,427 217,152 15,308 166,991 154,269 12,722 65,469 62,883 2,586

1982.................................... 228,371 104,897 123,474 212,017 16,354 165,871 151,472 14,399 62,500 60,545 1,955

1983.................................... 234,446 106,884 127,562 217,909 16,537 170,051 155,665 14,386 64,395 62,244 2,151

1984.................................... 227,519 102,823 124,696 212,844 14,675 164,116 151,289 12,827 63,403 61,555 1,848

1985.................................... 225,801 100,698 125,103 210,648 15,153 163,677 150,002 13,675 62,124 60,646 1,478

1986.................................... 223,275 97,523 125,752 207,231 16,044 162,048 147,631 14,417 61,227 59,600 1,627

1987.................................... 227,994 97,085 130,909 211,654 16,340 165,486 150,560 14,926 62,508 61,094 1,414

1988.................................... 239,755 100,561 139,194 223,250 16,505 173,672 158,606 15,066 66,083 64,644 1,439

1989.................................... 249,096 102,484 146,612 232,890 16,206 181,151 166,481 14,670 67,945 66,409 1,536

1990.................................... 257,152 105,157 151,995 240,497 16,655 187,046 171,969 15,077 70,106 68,528 1,578

1991.................................... 269,335 110,442 158,893 252,093 17,242 197,847 182,204 15,643 71,488 69,889 1,599

1992.................................... 279,541 114,622 164,919 261,089 18,452 204,966 188,143 16,823 74,575 72,946 1,629

1993.................................... 282,856 116,397 166,459 262,430 20,426 208,197 189,032 19,165 74,659 73,398 1,261

1994.................................... 280,071 114,006 166,065 259,997 20,074 206,520 187,735 18,785 73,551 72,262 1,289

1995.................................... 278,725 112,637 166,088 259,409 19,316 204,726 186,278 18,448 73,999 73,131 868

1996.................................... 273,018 109,498 163,520 253,654 19,364 200,569 182,063 18,506 72,449 71,591 858

1997.................................... 269,167 106,865 162,302 248,860 20,307 194,674 175,297 19,377 74,493 73,563 930

1998.................................... 273,472 108,752 164,720 248,931 24,541 198,603 174,776 23,827 74,869 74,155 714

1999.................................... 274,212 108,398 165,814 249,169 25,043 199,704 175,364 24,340 74,508 73,805 703

2000.................................... 275,680 108,164 167,516 250,710 24,970 199,725 175,404 24,321 75,955 75,306 649

2001.................................... 289,985 112,874 177,111 260,547 29,438 210,083 181,346 28,737 79,902 79,201 701

2002.................................... 299,041 115,466 183,575 269,020 30,021 218,433 189,183 29,250 80,608 79,837 771

2003.................................... 306,727 117,795 188,932 274,326 32,401 228,096 196,077 32,019 78,631 78,249 382

2004.................................... 308,939 118,129 190,810 276,136 32,803 231,179 198,810 32,369 77,760 77,326 434

2005.................................... 311,768 120,023 191,745 272,666 39,102 235,875 197,200 38,675 75,893 75,466 427

2006.................................... 308,774 118,865 189,909 272,770 36,004 234,505 198,676 35,829 74,269 74,094 175

2007.................................... 306,515 118,640 187,875 270,915 35,600 233,807 198,300 35,507 72,708 72,615 93

2008.................................... 313,491 121,873 191,618 274,568 38,923 235,824 197,025 38,799 77,667 77,543 124

2009.................................... 322,789 125,666 197,123 280,062 42,727 246,595 204,016 42,579 76,194 76,046 148

Black students

1976.................................... 190,305 84,492 105,813 179,848 10,457 129,770 121,851 7,919 60,535 57,997 2,538

1980.................................... 190,989 81,818 109,171 181,237 9,752 131,661 124,236 7,425 59,328 57,001 2,327

1982.................................... 182,639 78,874 103,765 171,942 10,697 126,368 117,562 8,806 56,271 54,380 1,891

1984.................................... 180,803 76,819 103,984 171,401 9,402 124,445 116,845 7,600 56,358 54,556 1,802

1986.................................... 178,628 74,276 104,352 167,971 10,657 123,555 114,502 9,053 55,073 53,469 1,604

1988.................................... 194,151 78,268 115,883 183,402 10,749 133,786 124,438 9,348 60,365 58,964 1,401

1990.................................... 208,682 82,897 125,785 198,237 10,445 144,204 134,924 9,280 64,478 63,313 1,165

1991.................................... 218,366 87,380 130,986 207,449 10,917 152,864 143,411 9,453 65,502 64,038 1,464

1992.................................... 228,963 91,949 137,014 217,614 11,349 159,585 149,754 9,831 69,378 67,860 1,518

1993.................................... 231,198 93,110 138,088 219,431 11,767 161,444 150,867 10,577 69,754 68,564 1,190

1994.................................... 230,162 91,908 138,254 218,565 11,597 161,098 150,682 10,416 69,064 67,883 1,181

1995.................................... 229,418 91,132 138,286 218,379 11,039 159,925 149,661 10,264 69,493 68,718 775

1996.................................... 224,201 88,306 135,895 213,309 10,892 156,851 146,753 10,098 67,350 66,556 794

1997.................................... 222,331 86,641 135,690 210,741 11,590 153,039 142,326 10,713 69,292 68,415 877

1998.................................... 223,745 87,163 136,582 211,822 11,923 154,244 142,985 11,259 69,501 68,837 664

1999.................................... 226,407 88,057 138,350 213,729 12,678 156,115 144,124 11,991 70,292 69,605 687

2000.................................... 227,239 87,319 139,920 215,172 12,067 156,706 145,277 11,429 70,533 69,895 638

2001.................................... 238,638 90,718 147,920 224,417 14,221 164,354 150,831 13,523 74,284 73,586 698

2002.................................... 247,292 93,538 153,754 231,834 15,458 172,203 157,507 14,696 75,089 74,327 762

2003.................................... 253,257 95,703 157,554 236,753 16,504 180,104 163,977 16,127 73,153 72,776 377

2004.................................... 257,545 96,750 160,795 241,030 16,515 184,708 168,619 16,089 72,837 72,411 426

2005.................................... 256,584 96,891 159,693 238,030 18,554 186,047 167,916 18,131 70,537 70,114 423

2006.................................... 255,150 96,508 158,642 238,446 16,704 185,894 169,365 16,529 69,256 69,081 175

2007.................................... 253,415 96,313 157,102 236,885 16,530 185,344 168,906 16,438 68,071 67,979 92

2008.................................... 258,403 98,634 159,769 240,133 18,270 186,446 168,299 18,147 71,957 71,834 123

2009.................................... 264,090 100,550 163,540 243,954 20,136 194,088 174,099 19,989 70,002 69,855 147
372 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

f Staf

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting

classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes

more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant

degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Beginning in 2007, includes

institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff

data prior to 2007. By definition, all graduate assistants are part time.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1989

through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:89–99), and Winter 2001–02 through Winter 2009–10. (This table was

prepared August 2010.)

Table 253. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by sex, employment status, control and type of institution, and primary occupation: 

Selected years, fall 1989 through fall 2009

Sex, employment status, control and type of 

institution, and primary occupation 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

Percent

change,

1999 to

2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All institutions .......................................... 2,473,116 2,545,235 2,602,612 2,662,075 2,752,504 2,883,175 3,083,353 3,187,907 3,379,087 3,561,428 3,723,419 29.1

Professional staff ................................................... 1,531,071 1,595,460 1,687,287 1,744,867 1,835,916 1,950,861 2,132,150 2,268,268 2,459,885 2,629,401 2,782,149 42.6

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 144,670 144,755 143,675 147,445 151,363 159,888 152,038 184,913 196,324 217,518 230,579 44.2

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 824,220 826,252 915,474 931,706 989,813 1,027,830 1,113,183 1,173,593 1,290,426 1,371,390 1,439,144 40.0

Graduate assistants........................................... 163,298 197,751 202,819 215,909 222,724 239,738 261,136 292,061 317,141 328,979 342,393 42.8

Other professional.............................................. 398,883 426,702 425,319 449,807 472,016 523,405 605,793 617,701 655,994 711,514 770,033 47.1

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 942,045 949,775 915,325 917,208 916,588 932,314 951,203 919,639 919,202 932,027 941,270 1.0

Males ............................................................. 1,212,924 1,227,591 1,256,037 1,274,676 1,315,311 1,365,812 1,451,773 1,496,867 1,581,498 1,650,350 1,709,636 25.2

Professional staff ................................................... 880,766 895,591 930,933 946,134 982,870 1,026,882 1,105,053 1,160,417 1,240,030 1,302,131 1,353,915 31.8

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 87,951 85,423 82,748 82,127 81,931 83,883 79,348 91,604 95,223 102,258 106,892 27.4

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 534,254 525,599 561,123 562,893 587,420 602,469 644,514 663,723 714,453 743,812 761,035 26.3

Graduate assistants........................................... 98,887 119,125 120,384 123,962 125,873 132,607 142,120 156,881 167,529 173,121 180,941 36.4

Other professional.............................................. 159,674 165,444 166,678 177,152 187,646 207,923 239,071 248,209 262,825 282,940 305,047 46.7

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 332,158 332,000 325,104 328,542 332,441 338,930 346,720 336,450 341,468 348,219 355,721 5.0

Females......................................................... 1,260,192 1,317,644 1,346,575 1,387,399 1,437,193 1,517,363 1,631,580 1,691,040 1,797,589 1,911,078 2,013,783 32.7

Professional staff ................................................... 650,305 699,869 756,354 798,733 853,046 923,979 1,027,097 1,107,851 1,219,855 1,327,270 1,428,234 54.6

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 56,719 59,332 60,927 65,318 69,432 76,005 72,690 93,309 101,101 115,260 123,687 62.7

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 289,966 300,653 354,351 368,813 402,393 425,361 468,669 509,870 575,973 627,578 678,109 59.4

Graduate assistants........................................... 64,411 78,626 82,435 91,947 96,851 107,131 119,016 135,180 149,612 155,858 161,452 50.7

Other professional.............................................. 239,209 261,258 258,641 272,655 284,370 315,482 366,722 369,492 393,169 428,574 464,986 47.4

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 609,887 617,775 590,221 588,666 584,147 593,384 604,483 583,189 577,734 583,808 585,549 -1.3

Full-time ........................................................ 1,779,044 1,812,912 1,783,510 1,801,371 1,828,507 1,918,676 2,043,208 2,083,142 2,179,864 2,281,223 2,381,702 24.1

Professional staff ................................................... 1,000,396 1,031,797 1,039,094 1,066,510 1,104,834 1,180,173 1,283,684 1,337,568 1,432,107 1,526,823 1,619,517 37.2

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 138,454 139,116 137,834 140,990 144,529 153,722 146,523 178,691 190,078 210,257 222,282 44.6

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 524,426 535,623 545,706 550,822 568,719 590,937 617,868 630,092 675,624 703,463 728,977 23.4

Other professional.............................................. 337,516 357,058 355,554 374,698 391,586 435,514 519,293 528,785 566,405 613,103 668,258 53.4

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 778,648 781,115 744,416 734,861 723,673 738,503 759,524 745,574 747,757 754,400 762,185 3.2

Part-time........................................................ 694,072 732,323 819,102 860,704 923,997 964,499 1,040,145 1,104,765 1,199,223 1,280,205 1,341,717 39.1

Professional staff ................................................... 530,675 563,663 648,193 678,357 731,082 770,688 848,466 930,700 1,027,778 1,102,578 1,162,632 50.9

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 6,216 5,639 5,841 6,455 6,834 6,166 5,515 6,222 6,246 7,261 8,297 34.6

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 299,794 290,629 369,768 380,884 421,094 436,893 495,315 543,501 614,802 667,927 710,167 62.5

Graduate assistants........................................... 163,298 197,751 202,819 215,909 222,724 239,738 261,136 292,061 317,141 328,979 342,393 42.8

Other professional.............................................. 61,367 69,644 69,765 75,109 80,430 87,891 86,500 88,916 89,589 98,411 101,775 15.8

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 163,397 168,660 170,909 182,347 192,915 193,811 191,679 174,065 171,445 177,627 179,085 -7.6

Public 4-year................................................. 1,307,524 1,341,914 1,333,533 1,383,476 1,418,661 1,470,842 1,558,576 1,569,870 1,656,709 1,741,699 1,803,724 22.6

Professional staff ................................................... 791,319 826,633 855,913 893,345 932,972 987,622 1,069,161 1,115,312 1,200,168 1,278,894 1,336,958 35.4

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 64,343 63,674 59,678 60,590 61,984 64,336 60,245 70,397 74,241 81,364 84,355 31.1

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 350,720 358,376 374,021 384,399 404,109 417,086 438,459 450,123 486,691 518,221 539,901 29.4

Graduate assistants........................................... 131,970 144,344 170,916 178,342 182,481 196,393 218,260 239,600 257,578 266,429 275,872 40.5

Other professional.............................................. 244,286 260,239 251,298 270,014 284,398 309,807 352,197 355,192 381,658 412,880 436,830 41.0

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 516,205 515,281 477,620 490,131 485,689 483,220 489,415 454,558 456,541 462,805 466,766 -3.4

Private 4-year................................................ 722,841 734,509 762,034 770,004 786,634 857,820 912,924 988,895 1,073,764 1,157,226 1,229,784 43.4

Professional staff ................................................... 431,403 442,524 473,372 495,383 517,485 569,579 627,364 701,244 789,179 867,234 934,298 64.0

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 57,861 57,148 59,230 62,314 62,580 69,626 65,739 84,306 90,415 103,183 111,616 60.3

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 232,980 232,893 251,948 262,660 278,541 296,737 325,713 364,166 430,305 472,628 498,582 68.0

Graduate assistants........................................... 22,231 23,989 28,880 33,853 36,064 38,597 41,611 52,101 59,147 62,550 66,521 72.3

Other professional.............................................. 118,331 128,494 133,314 136,556 140,300 164,619 194,301 200,671 209,312 228,873 257,579 56.5

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 291,438 291,985 288,662 274,621 269,149 288,241 285,560 287,651 284,585 289,992 295,486 2.5

Public 2-year................................................. 413,245 441,414 478,980 482,454 512,086 517,967 578,394 593,466 610,978 620,784 638,352 23.2

Professional staff ................................................... 287,418 306,631 337,371 336,661 358,367 364,703 408,792 422,756 440,536 449,372 467,760 28.3

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 19,289 20,772 21,531 21,806 22,822 21,459 22,566 25,872 26,770 27,363 27,827 29.7

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 226,578 222,532 276,413 272,434 290,451 296,239 332,665 341,643 354,497 358,925 373,778 26.2

Graduate assistants........................................... 8,928 29,216 2,762 3,401 3,561 4,170 1,215 323 374 0 0 -100.0

Other professional.............................................. 32,623 34,111 36,665 39,020 41,533 42,835 52,346 54,918 58,895 63,084 66,155 54.4

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 125,827 134,783 141,609 145,793 153,719 153,264 169,602 170,710 170,442 171,412 170,592 11.3

Private 2-year................................................ 29,506 27,398 28,065 26,141 35,123 36,546 33,459 35,676 37,636 41,719 51,559 41.1

Professional staff ................................................... 20,931 19,672 20,631 19,478 27,092 28,957 26,833 28,956 30,002 33,901 43,133 49.0

Executive/administrative/managerial.................. 3,177 3,161 3,236 2,735 3,977 4,467 3,488 4,338 4,898 5,608 6,781 51.8

Faculty (instruction/research/public service)...... 13,942 12,451 13,092 12,213 16,712 17,768 16,346 17,661 18,933 21,616 26,883 51.3

Graduate assistants........................................... 169 202 261 313 618 578 50 37 42 0 0 -100.0

Other professional.............................................. 3,643 3,858 4,042 4,217 5,785 6,144 6,949 6,920 6,129 6,677 9,469 54.1

Nonprofessional staff............................................. 8,575 7,726 7,434 6,663 8,031 7,589 6,626 6,720 7,634 7,818 8,426 11.0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 373

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent staff is the full-time staff, plus the full-time equivalent of the

part-time staff. Data for 1976 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Beginning in 2007, includes institutions

with fewer than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to

2007. By definition, all graduate assistants are part-time in 1999 and 2009. Detail may not

sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Staff Survey,” 1976; and 1999 and 2009

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:99), and

Winter 2009–10. (This table was prepared August 2010.) 

Table 254. Total and full-time-equivalent staff in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, control of institution, and occupation: Fall 1976, 

fall 1999, and fall 2009

Control of institution and primary 

occupation

Fall 1976 Fall 1999 Fall 2009

Total

Full-time equivalent 

(FTE) Total

Full-time equivalent 

(FTE) Total

Full-time equivalent 

(FTE)

Number Percent Full-time Total

FTE

students

per FTE

staff Number Percent Total

FTE

students

per FTE

staff Number Percent Total

FTE

students

per FTE

staff

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

All institutions.......................... 1,863,790 100.0 1,339,911 1,541,339 5.4 2,883,175 100.0 2,285,525 4.8 3,723,419 100.0 2,884,785 5.4

Professional staff ......................................... 1,073,119 57.6 709,400 845,456 9.8 1,950,861 67.7 1,467,852 7.5 2,782,149 74.7 2,049,529 7.6

Executive/administrative/managerial....... 101,263 5.4 97,003 98,972 84.0 159,888 5.5 156,571 69.9 230,579 6.2 226,095 68.5

Faculty (instruction/research/public 

service).............................................. 633,210 34.0 434,071 500,533 16.6 1,027,830 35.6 736,584 14.9 1,439,144 38.7 966,852 16.0

Graduate assistants................................. 160,086 8.6 28,007 82,684 100.5 239,738 8.3 99,133 110.4 342,393 9.2 141,977 109.1

Other professionals.................................. 178,560 9.6 150,319 163,267 50.9 523,405 18.2 475,564 23.0 770,033 20.7 714,605 21.7

Nonprofessional staff................................... 790,671 42.4 630,511 695,883 11.9 932,314 32.3 817,674 13.4 941,270 25.3 835,256 18.6

Public .................................................. 1,329,122 100.0 946,354 1,092,558 5.8 1,988,809 100.0 1,550,190 5.2 2,442,076 100.0 1,868,956 5.8

Professional staff ......................................... 769,836 57.9 502,325 601,942 10.5 1,352,325 68.0 994,132 8.1 1,804,718 73.9 1,309,452 8.2

Executive/administrative/managerial....... 60,733 4.6 58,649 59,579 106.6 85,795 4.3 84,110 95.4 112,182 4.6 109,543 98.1

Faculty (instruction/research/public 

service).............................................. 448,733 33.8 313,367 357,761 17.7 713,325 35.9 507,630 15.8 913,679 37.4 621,181 17.3

Graduate assistants................................. 127,925 9.6 19,076 63,420 100.1 200,563 10.1 81,707 98.2 275,872 11.3 112,388 95.7

Other professionals.................................. 132,445 10.0 111,233 121,182 52.4 352,642 17.7 320,684 25.0 502,985 20.6 466,340 23.1

Nonprofessional staff................................... 559,286 42.1 444,029 490,616 12.9 636,484 32.0 556,058 14.4 637,358 26.1 559,504 19.2

Private................................................. 534,668 100.0 393,557 448,781 4.4 894,366 100.0 735,335 4.0 1,281,343 100.0 1,015,829 4.7

Professional staff ......................................... 303,283 56.7 207,075 243,514 8.1 598,536 66.9 473,720 6.2 977,431 76.3 740,077 6.4

Executive/administrative/managerial....... 40,530 7.6 38,354 39,393 49.8 74,093 8.3 72,461 40.3 118,397 9.2 116,551 40.7

Faculty (instruction/research/public 

service).............................................. 184,477 34.5 120,704 142,772 13.7 314,505 35.2 228,954 12.8 525,465 41.0 345,671 13.7

Graduate assistants................................. 32,161 6.0 8,931 19,264 101.9 39,175 4.4 17,426 167.8 66,521 5.2 29,589 160.4

Other professionals.................................. 46,115 8.6 39,086 42,085 46.6 170,763 19.1 154,879 18.9 267,048 20.8 248,265 19.1

Nonprofessional staff................................... 231,385 43.3 186,482 205,267 9.6 295,830 33.1 261,615 11.2 303,912 23.7 275,752 17.2
374 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 255. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, sex, control and type of institution, and primary occupation: 

Fall 2009

Control and type of institution 

and primary occupation

Full-time and part-time Full-time Part-time

Total

Males

Females Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females

Percentage

distribution Number

Percent

of all

employees Number

Percent

of all

employees

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All institutions................................ 3,723,419 100.0 1,709,636 2,013,783 54.1 2,381,702 64.0 1,079,099 1,302,603 1,341,717 630,537 711,180

Professional staff ............................................. 2,782,149 74.7 1,353,915 1,428,234 51.3 1,619,517 58.2 788,204 831,313 1,162,632 565,711 596,921

Executive/administrative/managerial........... 230,579 6.2 106,892 123,687 53.6 222,282 96.4 103,781 118,501 8,297 3,111 5,186

Faculty (instruction/research/public service) 1,439,144 38.7 761,035 678,109 47.1 728,977 50.7 415,821 313,156 710,167 345,214 364,953

Graduate assistants..................................... 342,393 9.2 180,941 161,452 47.2 † † † † 342,393 180,941 161,452

Other professional ....................................... 770,033 20.7 305,047 464,986 60.4 668,258 86.8 268,602 399,656 101,775 36,445 65,330

Nonprofessional staff....................................... 941,270 25.3 355,721 585,549 62.2 762,185 81.0 290,895 471,290 179,085 64,826 114,259

Technical and paraprofessionals ................. 201,867 5.4 83,189 118,678 58.8 159,254 78.9 66,915 92,339 42,613 16,274 26,339

Clerical and secretarial................................ 442,287 11.9 66,593 375,694 84.9 347,902 78.7 42,370 305,532 94,385 24,223 70,162

Skilled crafts................................................. 62,575 1.7 58,374 4,201 6.7 59,968 95.8 56,623 3,345 2,607 1,751 856

Service and maintenance............................ 234,541 6.3 147,565 86,976 37.1 195,061 83.2 124,987 70,074 39,480 22,578 16,902

Public 4-year .......................................... 1,803,724 100.0 848,481 955,243 53.0 1,224,543 67.9 572,550 651,993 579,181 275,931 303,250

Professional staff ............................................. 1,336,958 74.1 665,737 671,221 50.2 830,103 62.1 416,181 413,922 506,855 249,556 257,299

Executive/administrative/managerial........... 84,355 4.7 41,452 42,903 50.9 80,380 95.3 39,887 40,493 3,975 1,565 2,410

Faculty (instruction/research/public service) 539,901 29.9 302,573 237,328 44.0 365,619 67.7 217,447 148,172 174,282 85,126 89,156

Graduate assistants..................................... 275,872 15.3 145,151 130,721 47.4 † † † † 275,872 145,151 130,721

Other professional ....................................... 436,830 24.2 176,561 260,269 59.6 384,104 87.9 158,847 225,257 52,726 17,714 35,012

Nonprofessional staff....................................... 466,766 25.9 182,744 284,022 60.8 394,440 84.5 156,369 238,071 72,326 26,375 45,951

Technical and paraprofessionals ................. 105,302 5.8 43,306 61,996 58.9 87,120 82.7 36,266 50,854 18,182 7,040 11,142

Clerical and secretarial................................ 199,132 11.0 28,177 170,955 85.9 162,082 81.4 17,984 144,098 37,050 10,193 26,857

Skilled crafts................................................. 41,761 2.3 39,241 2,520 6.0 40,617 97.3 38,384 2,233 1,144 857 287

Service and maintenance............................ 120,571 6.7 72,020 48,551 40.3 104,621 86.8 63,735 40,886 15,950 8,285 7,665

Public 2-year .......................................... 638,352 100.0 271,863 366,489 57.4 301,974 47.3 121,623 180,351 336,378 150,240 186,138

Professional staff ............................................. 467,760 73.3 210,121 257,639 55.1 189,728 40.6 81,455 108,273 278,032 128,666 149,366

Executive/administrative/managerial........... 27,827 4.4 12,570 15,257 54.8 27,037 97.2 12,221 14,816 790 349 441

Faculty (instruction/research/public service) 373,778 58.6 173,557 200,221 53.6 112,824 30.2 51,681 61,143 260,954 121,876 139,078

Graduate assistants..................................... 0 0.0 0 0 † † † † † 0 0 0

Other professional ....................................... 66,155 10.4 23,994 42,161 63.7 49,867 75.4 17,553 32,314 16,288 6,441 9,847

Nonprofessional staff....................................... 170,592 26.7 61,742 108,850 63.8 112,246 65.8 40,168 72,078 58,346 21,574 36,772

Technical and paraprofessionals ................. 43,538 6.8 17,197 26,341 60.5 28,101 64.5 11,253 16,848 15,437 5,944 9,493

Clerical and secretarial................................ 85,152 13.3 13,534 71,618 84.1 52,816 62.0 4,795 48,021 32,336 8,739 23,597

Skilled crafts................................................. 5,795 0.9 5,067 728 12.6 5,036 86.9 4,588 448 759 479 280

Service and maintenance............................ 36,107 5.7 25,944 10,163 28.1 26,293 72.8 19,532 6,761 9,814 6,412 3,402

Private 4-year1 ........................................ 1,229,784 100.0 569,375 660,409 53.7 821,549 66.8 372,521 449,028 408,235 196,854 211,381

Professional staff ............................................. 934,298 76.0 460,758 473,540 50.7 572,658 61.3 280,107 292,551 361,640 180,651 180,989

Executive/administrative/managerial........... 111,616 9.1 50,287 61,329 54.9 108,264 97.0 49,155 59,109 3,352 1,132 2,220

Faculty (instruction/research/public service) 498,582 40.5 273,114 225,468 45.2 238,801 47.9 141,425 97,376 259,781 131,689 128,092

Graduate assistants..................................... 66,521 5.4 35,790 30,731 46.2 † † † † 66,521 35,790 30,731

Other professional ....................................... 257,579 20.9 101,567 156,012 60.6 225,593 87.6 89,527 136,066 31,986 12,040 19,946

Nonprofessional staff....................................... 295,486 24.0 108,617 186,869 63.2 248,891 84.2 92,414 156,477 46,595 16,203 30,392

Technical and paraprofessionals ................. 51,974 4.2 22,229 29,745 57.2 43,217 83.2 19,032 24,185 8,757 3,197 5,560

Clerical and secretarial................................ 152,145 12.4 23,809 128,336 84.4 128,237 84.3 18,757 109,480 23,908 5,052 18,856

Skilled crafts................................................. 14,891 1.2 13,980 911 6.1 14,221 95.5 13,587 634 670 393 277

Service and maintenance............................ 76,476 6.2 48,599 27,877 36.5 63,216 82.7 41,038 22,178 13,260 7,561 5,699

Private not-for-profit 4-year.............. 1,066,427 100.0 494,941 571,486 53.6 742,995 69.7 338,626 404,369 323,432 156,315 167,117

Professional staff ......................................... 791,632 74.2 394,042 397,590 50.2 511,609 64.6 252,770 258,839 280,023 141,272 138,751

Executive/administrative/managerial....... 98,157 9.2 44,083 54,074 55.1 94,928 96.7 42,996 51,932 3,229 1,087 2,142

Faculty (instruction/research/public 

service).............................................. 404,845 38.0 226,936 177,909 43.9 225,054 55.6 134,020 91,034 179,791 92,916 86,875

Graduate assistants................................. 66,252 6.2 35,677 30,575 46.1 † † † † 66,252 35,677 30,575

Other professional ................................... 222,378 20.9 87,346 135,032 60.7 191,627 86.2 75,754 115,873 30,751 11,592 19,159

Nonprofessional staff................................... 274,795 25.8 100,899 173,896 63.3 231,386 84.2 85,856 145,530 43,409 15,043 28,366

Technical and paraprofessionals ............. 47,716 4.5 20,173 27,543 57.7 40,149 84.1 17,361 22,788 7,567 2,812 4,755

Clerical and secretarial............................ 137,328 12.9 19,374 117,954 85.9 114,893 83.7 14,722 100,171 22,435 4,652 17,783

Skilled crafts............................................. 14,821 1.4 13,930 891 6.0 14,175 95.6 13,546 629 646 384 262

Service and maintenance........................ 74,930 7.0 47,422 27,508 36.7 62,169 83.0 40,227 21,942 12,761 7,195 5,566

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 375

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Includes not-for-profit and for-profit private institutions. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Beginning in 2007, includes institutions with fewer than

15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to 2007. By definition,

all graduate assistants are part-time. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2009–10. (This table was

prepared August 2010.)

Private for-profit 4-year..................... 163,357 100.0 74,434 88,923 54.4 78,554 48.1 33,895 44,659 84,803 40,539 44,264

Professional staff ......................................... 142,666 87.3 66,716 75,950 53.2 61,049 42.8 27,337 33,712 81,617 39,379 42,238

Executive/administrative/managerial....... 13,459 8.2 6,204 7,255 53.9 13,336 99.1 6,159 7,177 123 45 78

Faculty (instruction/research/public 

service).............................................. 93,737 57.4 46,178 47,559 50.7 13,747 14.7 7,405 6,342 79,990 38,773 41,217

Graduate assistants................................. 269 0.2 113 156 58.0 † † † † 269 113 156

Other professional ................................... 35,201 21.5 14,221 20,980 59.6 33,966 96.5 13,773 20,193 1,235 448 787

Nonprofessional staff................................... 20,691 12.7 7,718 12,973 62.7 17,505 84.6 6,558 10,947 3,186 1,160 2,026

Technical and paraprofessionals ............. 4,258 2.6 2,056 2,202 51.7 3,068 72.1 1,671 1,397 1,190 385 805

Clerical and secretarial............................ 14,817 9.1 4,435 10,382 70.1 13,344 90.1 4,035 9,309 1,473 400 1,073

Skilled crafts............................................. 70 0.0 50 20 28.6 46 65.7 41 5 24 9 15

Service and maintenance........................ 1,546 0.9 1,177 369 23.9 1,047 67.7 811 236 499 366 133

Private 2-year1 ........................................ 51,559 100.0 19,917 31,642 61.4 33,636 65.2 12,405 21,231 17,923 7,512 10,411

Professional staff ............................................. 43,133 83.7 17,299 25,834 59.9 27,028 62.7 10,461 16,567 16,105 6,838 9,267

Executive/administrative/managerial........... 6,781 13.2 2,583 4,198 61.9 6,601 97.3 2,518 4,083 180 65 115

Faculty (instruction/research/public service) 26,883 52.1 11,791 15,092 56.1 11,733 43.6 5,268 6,465 15,150 6,523 8,627

Graduate assistants..................................... 0 0.0 0 0 † † † † † 0 0 0

Other professional ....................................... 9,469 18.4 2,925 6,544 69.1 8,694 91.8 2,675 6,019 775 250 525

Nonprofessional staff....................................... 8,426 16.3 2,618 5,808 68.9 6,608 78.4 1,944 4,664 1,818 674 1,144

Technical and paraprofessionals ................. 1,053 2.0 457 596 56.6 816 77.5 364 452 237 93 144

Clerical and secretarial................................ 5,858 11.4 1,073 4,785 81.7 4,767 81.4 834 3,933 1,091 239 852

Skilled crafts................................................. 128 0.2 86 42 32.8 94 73.4 64 30 34 22 12

Service and maintenance............................ 1,387 2.7 1,002 385 27.8 931 67.1 682 249 456 320 136

Private not-for-profit 2-year.............. 6,990 100.0 2,714 4,276 61.2 4,086 58.5 1,504 2,582 2,904 1,210 1,694

Professional staff ......................................... 5,659 81.0 2,230 3,429 60.6 3,116 55.1 1,153 1,963 2,543 1,077 1,466

Executive/administrative/managerial....... 886 12.7 333 553 62.4 822 92.8 313 509 64 20 44

Faculty (instruction/research/public 

service).............................................. 3,716 53.2 1,526 2,190 58.9 1,429 38.5 547 882 2,287 979 1,308

Graduate assistants................................. 0 0.0 0 0 † † † † † 0 0 0

Other professional ................................... 1,057 15.1 371 686 64.9 865 81.8 293 572 192 78 114

Nonprofessional staff................................... 1,331 19.0 484 847 63.6 970 72.9 351 619 361 133 228

Technical and paraprofessionals ............. 229 3.3 102 127 55.5 174 76.0 80 94 55 22 33

Clerical and secretarial............................ 584 8.4 45 539 92.3 408 69.9 19 389 176 26 150

Skilled crafts............................................. 45 0.6 35 10 22.2 41 91.1 33 8 4 2 2

Service and maintenance........................ 473 6.8 302 171 36.2 347 73.4 219 128 126 83 43

Private for-profit 2-year..................... 44,569 100.0 17,203 27,366 61.4 29,550 66.3 10,901 18,649 15,019 6,302 8,717

Professional staff ......................................... 37,474 84.1 15,069 22,405 59.8 23,912 63.8 9,308 14,604 13,562 5,761 7,801

Executive/administrative/managerial....... 5,895 13.2 2,250 3,645 61.8 5,779 98.0 2,205 3,574 116 45 71

Faculty (instruction/research/public 

service).............................................. 23,167 52.0 10,265 12,902 55.7 10,304 44.5 4,721 5,583 12,863 5,544 7,319

Graduate assistants................................. 0 0.0 0 0 † † † † † 0 0 0

Other professional ................................... 8,412 18.9 2,554 5,858 69.6 7,829 93.1 2,382 5,447 583 172 411

Nonprofessional staff................................... 7,095 15.9 2,134 4,961 69.9 5,638 79.5 1,593 4,045 1,457 541 916

Technical and paraprofessionals ............. 824 1.8 355 469 56.9 642 77.9 284 358 182 71 111

Clerical and secretarial............................ 5,274 11.8 1,028 4,246 80.5 4,359 82.7 815 3,544 915 213 702

Skilled crafts............................................. 83 0.2 51 32 38.6 53 63.9 31 22 30 20 10

Service and maintenance........................ 914 2.1 700 214 23.4 584 63.9 463 121 330 237 93

Table 255. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, sex, control and type of institution, and primary occupation: 

Fall 2009—Continued

Control and type of institution 

and primary occupation

Full-time and part-time Full-time Part-time

Total

Males

Females Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females

Percentage

distribution Number

Percent

of all

employees Number

Percent

of all

employees

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
376 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1The combined number of Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/

Alaska Native staff.

2Combined Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native staff

as a percentage of total staff, excluding race/ethnicity unknown.

3Race/ethnicity not collected.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Beginning in 2007, includes institutions with fewer than

15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to 2007. By definition,

all graduate assistants are part-time. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2009–10. (This table was

prepared August 2010.)

Table 256. Employees in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, employment status, control and type of institution, and primary 

occupation: Fall 2009

Sex, employment status, control and type 

of institution, and primary occupation Total White

Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native

Race/

ethnicity

unknown

Nonresident

alien3 Number1 Percent2 Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska Native

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

All institutions ................................. 3,723,419 2,586,098 817,954 22.9 366,324 220,794 208,842 21,994 153,153 166,214

Professional staff .......................................... 2,782,149 1,983,921 515,050 19.4 207,335 123,718 169,582 14,415 125,091 158,087

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 230,579 182,459 42,384 18.8 21,828 11,486 7,782 1,288 4,718 1,018

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 1,439,144 1,078,392 246,288 18.0 95,095 57,811 86,308 7,074 74,130 40,334

Graduate assistants.................................. 342,393 174,127 51,433 16.1 13,511 12,436 23,891 1,595 23,357 93,476

Other professional..................................... 770,033 548,943 174,945 23.4 76,901 41,985 51,601 4,458 22,886 23,259

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 941,270 602,177 302,904 33.2 158,989 97,076 39,260 7,579 28,062 8,127

Males .................................................... 1,709,636 1,192,954 342,665 20.9 137,012 94,279 102,035 9,339 73,439 100,578

Professional staff .......................................... 1,353,915 968,049 227,179 17.6 78,491 55,724 86,600 6,364 61,750 96,937

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 106,892 86,818 17,273 16.5 8,434 4,688 3,601 550 2,263 538

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 761,035 574,653 123,119 17.0 39,720 29,731 50,235 3,433 37,857 25,406

Graduate assistants.................................. 180,941 87,563 23,865 14.1 5,199 5,857 12,087 722 11,977 57,536

Other professional..................................... 305,047 219,015 62,922 21.3 25,138 15,448 20,677 1,659 9,653 13,457

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 355,721 224,905 115,486 33.6 58,521 38,555 15,435 2,975 11,689 3,641

Females................................................ 2,013,783 1,393,144 475,289 24.6 229,312 126,515 106,807 12,655 79,714 65,636

Professional staff .......................................... 1,428,234 1,015,872 287,871 21.1 128,844 67,994 82,982 8,051 63,341 61,150

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 123,687 95,641 25,111 20.7 13,394 6,798 4,181 738 2,455 480

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 678,109 503,739 123,169 19.2 55,375 28,080 36,073 3,641 36,273 14,928

Graduate assistants.................................. 161,452 86,564 27,568 18.4 8,312 6,579 11,804 873 11,380 35,940

Other professional..................................... 464,986 329,928 112,023 24.8 51,763 26,537 30,924 2,799 13,233 9,802

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 585,549 377,272 187,418 32.9 100,468 58,521 23,825 4,604 16,373 4,486

Full-time ............................................... 2,381,702 1,690,443 579,429 24.9 264,497 155,613 144,450 14,869 55,058 56,772

Professional staff .......................................... 1,619,517 1,201,637 328,792 20.8 130,231 76,578 113,303 8,680 37,337 51,751

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 222,282 175,482 41,377 19.0 21,397 11,225 7,525 1,230 4,477 946

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 728,977 551,271 130,903 18.4 39,715 28,040 59,691 3,457 16,058 30,745

Other professional..................................... 668,258 474,884 156,512 24.0 69,119 37,313 46,087 3,993 16,802 20,060

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 762,185 488,806 250,637 33.7 134,266 79,035 31,147 6,189 17,721 5,021

Part-time............................................... 1,341,717 895,655 238,525 19.2 101,827 65,181 64,392 7,125 98,095 109,442

Professional staff .......................................... 1,162,632 782,284 186,258 17.3 77,104 47,140 56,279 5,735 87,754 106,336

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 8,297 6,977 1,007 12.5 431 261 257 58 241 72

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 710,167 527,121 115,385 17.7 55,380 29,771 26,617 3,617 58,072 9,589

Graduate assistants.................................. 342,393 174,127 51,433 16.1 13,511 12,436 23,891 1,595 23,357 93,476

Other professional..................................... 101,775 74,059 18,433 19.3 7,782 4,672 5,514 465 6,084 3,199

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 179,085 113,371 52,267 31.0 24,723 18,041 8,113 1,390 10,341 3,106

Public 4-year........................................ 1,803,724 1,220,598 404,805 23.2 167,981 107,240 118,122 11,462 60,144 118,177

Professional staff .......................................... 1,336,958 920,637 253,353 19.7 87,194 59,986 98,757 7,416 48,733 114,235

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 84,355 66,830 15,836 19.1 8,323 3,999 2,956 558 1,273 416

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 539,901 401,717 95,938 18.4 28,449 21,464 43,203 2,822 19,532 22,714

Graduate assistants.................................. 275,872 143,101 41,450 15.9 10,767 10,313 18,939 1,431 15,960 75,361

Other professional..................................... 436,830 308,989 100,129 23.6 39,655 24,210 33,659 2,605 11,968 15,744

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 466,766 299,961 151,452 33.3 80,787 47,254 19,365 4,046 11,411 3,942

Private 4-year....................................... 1,229,784 864,333 260,255 22.3 125,674 63,405 66,347 4,829 61,810 43,386

Professional staff .......................................... 934,298 675,565 166,235 18.8 73,207 35,821 53,899 3,308 51,636 40,862

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 111,616 89,181 19,317 17.7 9,713 5,341 3,894 369 2,604 514

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 498,582 368,984 81,260 17.5 33,921 16,166 29,531 1,642 33,343 14,995

Graduate assistants.................................. 66,521 31,026 9,983 16.9 2,744 2,123 4,952 164 7,397 18,115

Other professional..................................... 257,579 186,374 55,675 22.3 26,829 12,191 15,522 1,133 8,292 7,238

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 295,486 188,768 94,020 33.0 52,467 27,584 12,448 1,521 10,174 2,524

Public 2-year........................................ 638,352 468,120 137,941 22.6 65,354 44,939 22,487 5,161 27,686 4,605

Professional staff .......................................... 467,760 359,356 83,815 18.8 41,033 24,088 15,367 3,327 21,642 2,947

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 27,827 21,790 5,506 20.1 2,963 1,526 731 286 450 81

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 373,778 289,642 62,389 17.6 29,235 18,170 12,570 2,414 19,137 2,610

Graduate assistants.................................. 0 00†00000 0

Other professional..................................... 66,155 47,924 15,920 24.8 8,835 4,392 2,066 627 2,055 256

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 170,592 108,764 54,126 32.9 24,321 20,851 7,120 1,834 6,044 1,658

Private 2-year....................................... 51,559 33,047 14,953 31.1 7,315 5,210 1,886 542 3,513 46

Professional staff .......................................... 43,133 28,363 11,647 29.1 5,901 3,823 1,559 364 3,080 43

Executive/administrative/managerial......... 6,781 4,658 1,725 27.0 829 620 201 75 391 7

Faculty (instruction/research/public service). 26,883 18,049 6,701 27.1 3,490 2,011 1,004 196 2,118 15

Graduate assistants.................................. 0 00†00000 0

Other professional..................................... 9,469 5,656 3,221 36.2 1,582 1,192 354 93 571 21

Nonprofessional staff.................................... 8,426 4,684 3,306 41.4 1,414 1,387 327 178 433 3
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 377

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent staff is the full-time staff, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime staff. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data are for all degree-granting institutions, including

those with fewer than 15 employees. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2009–10 and Spring 2010.

(This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 257. Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and faculty, and FTE staff and faculty/FTE student ratios in public degree-granting 

institutions, by type of institution and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2009

State or jurisdiction

Full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff FTE faculty

FTE faculty as a 

percent of FTE staff FTE students per FTE staff FTE students per FTE faculty

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States .................... 1,868,956 1,449,825 419,131 621,181 422,776 198,405 29.2 47.3 5.8 4.5 10.3 17.3 15.3 21.7

Alabama .................................... 38,534 32,149 6,386 11,531 8,509 3,022 26.5 47.3 5.2 4.2 10.3 17.5 16.0 21.8

Alaska........................................ 5,418 5,260 158 1,769 1,721 47 32.7 30.0 3.7 3.7 2.3 11.3 11.4 7.8

Arizona ...................................... 35,263 24,281 10,982 11,406 6,429 4,977 26.5 45.3 6.5 4.8 10.4 20.2 18.1 23.0

Arkansas.................................... 21,720 17,047 4,673 6,700 4,671 2,028 27.4 43.4 5.2 4.4 8.4 17.0 15.9 19.3

California ................................... 191,529 130,158 61,371 68,510 35,491 33,019 27.3 53.8 7.7 4.5 14.3 21.4 16.7 26.6

Colorado .................................... 32,978 27,484 5,495 13,926 11,316 2,610 41.2 47.5 5.6 4.8 9.8 13.3 11.5 20.7

Connecticut................................ 16,331 13,431 2,901 5,338 3,682 1,656 27.4 57.1 5.5 4.3 11.3 16.9 15.6 19.8

Delaware.................................... 6,621 5,339 1,282 1,959 1,338 621 25.1 48.4 5.0 4.3 7.9 16.8 17.0 16.3

District of Columbia ................... 802 802 0 303 303 0 37.8 † 4.5 4.5 † 12.0 12.0 †

Florida........................................ 75,190 63,892 11,297 25,183 20,493 4,690 32.1 41.5 7.2 6.7 9.8 21.4 20.8 23.6

Georgia...................................... 55,812 44,195 11,617 17,342 11,948 5,394 27.0 46.4 5.9 4.9 9.5 18.9 18.2 20.4

Hawaii........................................ 8,127 6,402 1,725 3,057 2,204 853 34.4 49.4 5.0 3.7 9.7 13.3 10.8 19.6

Idaho.......................................... 8,439 7,101 1,338 2,897 2,351 546 33.1 40.8 5.8 5.6 6.9 16.9 16.9 17.0

Illinois......................................... 72,555 51,375 21,180 21,001 11,854 9,147 23.1 43.2 5.6 3.5 10.8 19.3 15.0 25.0

Indiana....................................... 47,569 42,907 4,662 15,113 12,578 2,534 29.3 54.4 5.3 4.4 13.6 16.7 15.1 25.0

Iowa ........................................... 25,636 19,370 6,267 7,959 5,340 2,618 27.6 41.8 5.1 3.3 10.7 16.5 12.0 25.6

Kansas....................................... 25,655 18,837 6,819 8,873 6,041 2,831 32.1 41.5 5.2 4.4 7.4 15.1 13.8 17.9

Kentucky .................................... 33,695 27,829 5,866 10,261 7,456 2,805 26.8 47.8 4.9 3.7 10.4 16.0 13.9 21.8

Louisiana ................................... 30,347 26,381 3,966 10,053 7,950 2,103 30.1 53.0 5.6 4.7 11.6 16.9 15.6 21.9

Maine......................................... 6,610 5,543 1,066 2,280 1,673 608 30.2 57.0 5.6 4.7 10.0 16.2 15.7 17.5

Maryland.................................... 41,629 29,780 11,849 15,944 10,518 5,426 35.3 45.8 4.9 4.1 7.0 12.9 11.6 15.3

Massachusetts........................... 29,113 21,847 7,266 9,592 6,467 3,125 29.6 43.0 5.4 4.3 8.8 16.5 14.7 20.4

Michigan .................................... 72,383 58,761 13,622 25,190 18,592 6,597 31.6 48.4 5.6 4.3 11.2 16.2 13.7 23.1

Minnesota .................................. 33,738 25,862 7,875 11,542 7,718 3,824 29.8 48.6 6.0 4.4 11.2 17.4 14.6 23.1

Mississippi ................................. 28,715 22,057 6,657 7,754 4,723 3,031 21.4 45.5 4.6 2.9 10.1 17.1 13.8 22.2

Missouri ..................................... 38,492 30,730 7,762 12,466 9,112 3,353 29.7 43.2 4.8 3.8 8.9 14.9 12.8 20.5

Montana..................................... 7,597 6,634 963 2,439 2,045 395 30.8 41.0 5.1 4.6 8.0 15.8 15.1 19.5

Nebraska ................................... 17,079 13,959 3,121 5,496 3,994 1,502 28.6 48.1 4.6 3.5 9.5 14.3 12.3 19.8

Nevada ...................................... 10,168 9,603 565 3,469 3,181 287 33.1 50.9 7.2 7.0 12.2 21.2 21.0 24.0

New Hampshire ......................... 6,690 5,060 1,630 2,422 1,470 952 29.0 58.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 14.3 17.9 8.8

New Jersey ................................ 46,758 36,102 10,656 14,960 10,236 4,723 28.4 44.3 5.6 3.8 11.6 17.5 13.5 26.2

New Mexico ............................... 20,484 14,910 5,574 5,991 3,734 2,257 25.0 40.5 4.7 3.4 8.2 16.0 13.5 20.2

New York.................................... 77,055 54,219 22,837 30,610 20,379 10,231 37.6 44.8 7.3 6.0 10.2 18.3 16.1 22.8

North Carolina ........................... 70,532 48,401 22,131 25,270 13,340 11,930 27.6 53.9 4.9 4.0 6.9 13.6 14.4 12.7

North Dakota ............................. 8,151 7,437 714 2,534 2,261 273 30.4 38.2 4.7 4.6 6.1 15.2 15.1 15.9

Ohio ........................................... 77,332 65,072 12,260 22,817 17,008 5,809 26.1 47.4 5.2 4.3 10.2 17.8 16.5 21.5

Oklahoma .................................. 28,214 23,575 4,639 8,350 6,565 1,785 27.8 38.5 5.0 4.2 9.2 17.0 15.1 23.9

Oregon....................................... 26,303 18,186 8,116 9,870 6,466 3,403 35.6 41.9 5.6 4.3 8.4 14.9 12.2 20.0

Pennsylvania.............................. 65,679 55,917 9,762 23,821 19,012 4,809 34.0 49.3 5.3 4.5 9.5 14.5 13.3 19.3

Rhode Island ............................. 4,464 3,584 880 1,718 1,237 480 34.5 54.6 7.2 6.1 11.8 18.8 17.7 21.6

South Carolina........................... 27,821 21,223 6,598 9,290 6,172 3,118 29.1 47.3 5.6 4.3 9.8 16.8 14.8 20.8

South Dakota............................. 5,920 5,239 681 2,048 1,721 327 32.8 48.1 5.6 5.3 8.1 16.2 16.1 16.8

Tennessee ................................. 32,055 26,276 5,779 10,368 7,554 2,814 28.8 48.7 5.7 4.6 10.8 17.7 16.0 22.1

Texas ......................................... 173,248 130,140 43,108 49,094 30,206 18,888 23.2 43.8 5.0 3.7 8.8 17.6 16.0 20.2

Utah ........................................... 19,936 17,084 2,853 7,099 5,894 1,205 34.5 42.2 6.0 5.4 9.2 16.8 15.7 21.9

Vermont ..................................... 5,194 4,810 384 1,810 1,608 202 33.4 52.5 4.1 3.8 7.7 11.8 11.4 14.7

Virginia....................................... 50,305 42,043 8,262 17,774 13,264 4,510 31.5 54.6 5.8 4.3 13.2 16.4 13.7 24.2

Washington................................ 43,355 32,894 10,461 13,722 9,160 4,562 27.8 43.6 5.7 4.4 10.1 18.2 15.7 23.1

West Virginia.............................. 12,810 11,613 1,196 4,826 4,106 721 35.4 60.3 6.1 5.4 12.0 16.1 15.4 19.9

Wisconsin .................................. 41,551 31,914 9,637 14,494 9,644 4,850 30.2 50.3 5.4 4.9 7.0 15.5 16.4 13.9

Wyoming.................................... 5,443 3,199 2,243 2,001 1,097 904 34.3 40.3 4.6 3.3 6.4 12.5 9.8 15.8

U.S. Service Academies............ 1,912 1,912 0 940 940 0 49.2 † 8.2 8.2 † 16.7 16.7 †

Other jurisdictions ........... 16,664 15,259 1,405 5,357 4,802 555 31.5 39.5 4.6 4.5 5.8 14.4 14.3 14.7

American Samoa....................... 293 0 293 91 0 91 † 31.1 4.8 † 4.8 15.3 † 15.3

Federated States of Micronesia. 371 0 371 103 0 103 † 27.8 6.7 † 6.7 24.0 † 24.0

Guam......................................... 886 646 240 347 222 126 34.3 52.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 11.8 13.5 9.0

Marshall Islands......................... 134 0 134 50 0 50 † 37.3 4.9 † 4.9 13.0 † 13.0

Northern Marianas .................... 159 159 0 55 55 0 34.7 † 5.4 5.4 † 15.6 15.6 †

Palau.......................................... 133 0 133 44 0 44 † 33.1 3.6 † 3.6 10.9 † 10.9

Puerto Rico................................ 14,108 13,874 235 4,509 4,368 141 31.5 60.3 4.6 4.5 8.6 14.4 14.4 14.2

U.S. Virgin Islands ..................... 581 581 0 158 158 0 27.1 † 3.4 3.4 † 12.6 12.6 †
378 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Full-time-equivalent staff is the full-time staff, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime staff. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data are for all degree-granting institutions, including

those with fewer than 15 employees. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2009–10 and Spring 2010.

(This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 258. Number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and faculty, and FTE staff and faculty/FTE student ratios in private degree-granting 

institutions, by type of institution and state or jurisdiction: Fall 2009

State or jurisdiction

Full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff FTE faculty

FTE faculty as a 

percent of FTE staff

FTE students 

per FTE staff

FTE students 

per FTE faculty

All

private

Not-forprofit

4-year

Not-forprofit

2-year For-profit All private

Not-forprofit

4-year

Not-forprofit

2-year For-profit

Not-forprofit

4-year For-profit

Not-forprofit

4-year For-profit

Not-forprofit

4-year For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States .................. 1,015,829 867,502 5,141 143,187 345,671 287,269 2,220 56,182 33.1 39.2 3.6 11.0 11.0 27.9

Alabama .................................. 6,144 4,489 0 1,655 2,182 1,629 0 553 36.3 33.4 5.0 12.5 13.8 37.3

Alaska...................................... 320 148 0 172 129 66 0 63 44.6 36.4 3.7 5.2 8.4 14.4

Arizona .................................... 26,050 1,498 0 24,551 9,901 519 0 9,381 34.7 38.2 4.7 18.3 13.6 48.0

Arkansas.................................. 2,994 2,668 0 325 1,125 944 0 182 35.4 55.8 5.1 9.8 14.3 17.5

California ................................. 86,981 69,681 347 16,954 30,607 23,275 135 7,197 33.4 42.4 3.3 9.1 10.0 21.5

Colorado .................................. 10,147 5,623 28 4,496 3,906 2,297 13 1,596 40.8 35.5 4.4 13.2 10.9 37.1

Connecticut.............................. 23,218 22,443 250 525 7,874 7,543 116 214 33.6 40.8 2.4 5.3 7.2 13.1

Delaware.................................. 1,217 1,183 34 0 559 544 15 0 46.0 † 8.8 † 19.1 †

District of Columbia ................. 23,162 20,458 0 2,704 7,339 6,283 0 1,056 30.7 39.0 3.1 9.9 10.3 25.2

Florida...................................... 40,487 28,947 27 11,514 15,112 10,426 11 4,675 36.0 40.6 4.5 9.5 12.6 23.4

Georgia.................................... 23,559 19,676 78 3,804 8,333 6,756 24 1,553 34.3 40.8 3.1 9.7 9.1 23.8

Hawaii...................................... 2,029 1,651 0 379 952 763 0 189 46.2 50.0 6.4 8.1 13.8 16.2

Idaho........................................ 2,079 1,780 0 299 946 803 0 143 45.1 48.0 9.1 10.2 20.3 21.1

Illinois....................................... 61,937 53,555 202 8,180 21,120 18,313 103 2,705 34.2 33.1 3.5 8.4 10.2 25.5

Indiana..................................... 19,894 17,268 78 2,548 6,496 5,517 31 949 31.9 37.2 4.5 9.6 14.1 25.8

Iowa ......................................... 19,090 9,937 32 9,121 5,857 3,675 19 2,163 37.0 23.7 5.1 9.1 13.7 38.4

Kansas..................................... 3,986 3,355 284 346 1,592 1,342 116 134 40.0 38.8 5.2 7.8 13.0 20.2

Kentucky .................................. 7,367 5,541 0 1,826 2,951 2,081 0 871 37.5 47.7 5.4 9.7 14.3 20.3

Louisiana ................................. 8,242 7,179 0 1,063 2,869 2,394 0 475 33.4 44.7 3.2 8.8 9.5 19.7

Maine....................................... 4,166 4,005 23 138 1,267 1,198 16 52 29.9 38.0 4.0 9.0 13.5 23.8

Maryland.................................. 23,286 22,543 0 743 6,321 6,047 0 273 26.8 36.8 1.8 8.7 6.9 23.7

Massachusetts......................... 77,878 77,041 106 730 25,919 25,505 67 347 33.1 47.5 3.0 7.8 9.2 16.5

Michigan .................................. 13,667 12,644 0 1,023 5,552 5,078 0 475 40.2 46.4 7.2 8.5 18.0 18.2

Minnesota ................................ 18,438 12,593 26 5,818 6,836 4,934 7 1,895 39.2 32.6 4.9 11.4 12.5 35.0

Mississippi ............................... 2,491 2,185 0 306 949 804 0 146 36.8 47.7 6.0 8.2 16.3 17.2

Missouri ................................... 31,188 28,566 262 2,361 10,776 9,732 79 965 34.1 40.9 3.8 10.6 11.2 25.9

Montana................................... 966 860 105 0 366 327 39 0 38.0 † 4.5 † 11.7 †

Nebraska ................................. 6,066 5,655 36 375 2,038 1,871 11 155 33.1 41.4 4.4 8.0 13.2 19.4

Nevada .................................... 1,218 267 0 952 573 120 0 453 44.9 47.6 5.8 10.9 13.0 22.9

New Hampshire ....................... 7,502 7,020 30 451 2,077 1,875 20 182 26.7 40.3 3.0 9.7 11.4 24.0

New Jersey .............................. 15,875 14,956 0 918 5,360 5,038 0 322 33.7 35.1 4.2 6.7 12.4 19.2

New Mexico ............................. 965 263 0 702 477 96 0 380 36.6 54.2 3.9 11.4 10.7 21.0

New York.................................. 138,372 132,122 788 5,461 46,668 44,019 447 2,203 33.3 40.3 3.3 8.3 9.9 20.7

North Carolina ......................... 35,832 34,628 127 1,077 9,405 8,943 40 422 25.8 39.1 2.3 7.6 9.1 19.4

North Dakota ........................... 1,106 715 272 120 413 304 63 46 42.5 38.9 6.5 10.1 15.2 26.0

Ohio ......................................... 31,088 26,293 177 4,618 11,859 9,661 71 2,127 36.7 46.1 4.6 9.0 12.4 19.5

Oklahoma ................................ 5,405 4,322 0 1,083 1,922 1,433 0 490 33.1 45.2 4.6 7.8 13.9 17.2

Oregon..................................... 6,864 5,805 0 1,059 2,782 2,290 0 492 39.5 46.4 4.7 8.9 11.9 19.2

Pennsylvania............................ 75,859 69,325 1,119 5,415 26,095 23,050 494 2,551 33.2 47.1 3.5 8.7 10.5 18.6

Rhode Island ........................... 9,855 9,849 0 6 2,937 2,935 0 2 29.8 33.8 3.9 1.8 13.1 5.4

South Carolina......................... 8,079 7,150 154 775 2,557 2,194 47 317 30.7 40.8 4.8 8.4 15.8 20.5

South Dakota........................... 1,708 1,183 31 494 661 461 15 184 39.0 37.3 5.0 5.2 12.8 13.9

Tennessee ............................... 35,109 32,718 19 2,371 8,520 7,462 12 1,046 22.8 44.1 2.0 10.4 9.0 23.6

Texas ....................................... 34,992 28,722 189 6,082 12,148 9,758 77 2,313 34.0 38.0 3.8 9.2 11.1 24.1

Utah ......................................... 7,363 6,093 86 1,184 2,518 1,918 40 559 31.5 47.2 8.2 8.2 26.2 17.3

Vermont ................................... 4,284 3,894 217 173 1,357 1,231 87 40 31.6 22.8 3.9 4.1 12.4 18.2

Virginia..................................... 19,604 15,341 0 4,263 6,810 4,905 0 1,904 32.0 44.7 5.1 9.8 16.1 21.8

Washington.............................. 8,472 7,371 0 1,102 3,502 3,043 0 459 41.3 41.7 5.0 9.1 12.1 21.9

West Virginia............................ 3,478 2,072 0 1,406 1,355 710 0 645 34.2 45.9 5.7 13.4 16.6 29.2

Wisconsin ................................ 15,497 14,222 13 1,262 5,688 5,157 5 527 36.3 41.7 3.8 8.1 10.5 19.4

Wyoming.................................. 256 0 0 256 113 0 0 113 † 44.3 † 5.5 † 12.4

Other jurisdictions ......... 12,691 10,537 439 1,716 5,361 4,344 190 827 41.2 48.2 10.4 11.9 25.2 24.6

American Samoa..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 † † † † † †

Federated States of Micronesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 † † † † † †

Guam....................................... 8 8 0 0 4 4 0 0 52.7 † 8.8 † 16.8 †

Marshall Islands....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 † † † † † †

Northern Marianas .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 † † † † † †

Palau........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 † † † † † †

Puerto Rico.............................. 12,683 10,528 439 1,716 5,356 4,339 190 827 41.2 48.2 10.4 11.9 25.2 24.6

U.S. Virgin Islands ................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 † † † † † †
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 379

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 

1Estimated on the basis of enrollment. For methodological details on estimates, see

National Center for Education Statistics, Projections of Education Statistics to 2000. 2Because of revised survey methods, data are not directly comparable with figures for

years prior to 1987.

NOTE: Includes faculty members with the title of professor, associate professor, assistant

professor, instructor, lecturer, assisting professor, adjunct professor, or interim professor

(or the equivalent). Excluded are graduate students with titles such as graduate or teaching

fellow who assist senior faculty. Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education,

while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The

degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification,

but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that

did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Beginning in 2007,

includes institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report

staff data prior to 2007. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), Employees in Institutions of Higher Education, 1970 and 1972, and “Staff Survey” 1976; Projections of Education Statistics to

2000; 1987 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall

Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:87–99), and Winter 2001–02 through Winter 2009–10; and U.S.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Higher Education Staff Information Survey

(EEO-6), 1977, 1981, and 1983. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 259. Number of instructional faculty in degree-granting institutions, by employment status, sex, control, and type of institution: Selected 

years, fall 1970 through fall 2009 

Year Total

Employment status Sex Control Type 

Full-time Part-time

Percent

full-time Males Females

Percent

female Public

Private

Total 4-year 2-year

Not-forprofit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1970........................................... 474,000 369,000 104,000 77.8 — — — 314,000 160,000 — — 382,000 92,000

19711 ......................................... 492,000 379,000 113,000 77.0 — — — 333,000 159,000 — — 387,000 105,000

1972........................................... 500,000 380,000 120,000 76.0 — — — 343,000 157,000 — — 384,000 116,000

19731 ......................................... 527,000 389,000 138,000 73.8 — — — 365,000 162,000 — — 401,000 126,000

19741 ......................................... 567,000 406,000 161,000 71.6 — — — 397,000 170,000 — — 427,000 140,000

19751 ......................................... 628,000 440,000 188,000 70.1 — — — 443,000 185,000 — — 467,000 161,000

1976........................................... 633,000 434,000 199,000 68.6 — — — 449,000 184,000 — — 467,000 166,000

1977........................................... 678,000 448,000 230,000 66.1 — — — 492,000 186,000 — — 485,000 193,000

19791 ......................................... 675,000 445,000 230,000 65.9 — — — 488,000 187,000 — — 494,000 182,000

19801 ......................................... 686,000 450,000 236,000 65.6 — — — 495,000 191,000 — — 494,000 192,000

1981........................................... 705,000 461,000 244,000 65.4 — — — 509,000 196,000 — — 493,000 212,000

19821 ......................................... 710,000 462,000 248,000 65.1 — — — 506,000 204,000 — — 493,000 217,000

1983........................................... 724,000 471,000 254,000 65.1 — — — 512,000 212,000 — — 504,000 220,000

19841 ......................................... 717,000 462,000 255,000 64.4 — — — 505,000 212,000 — — 504,000 213,000

19851 ......................................... 715,000 459,000 256,000 64.2 — — — 503,000 212,000 — — 504,000 211,000

19861 ......................................... 722,000 459,000 263,000 63.6 — — — 510,000 212,000 — — 506,000 216,000

19872 ......................................... 793,070 523,420 269,650 66.0 529,413 263,657 33.2 552,749 240,321 — — 547,505 245,565

19892 ......................................... 824,220 524,426 299,794 63.6 534,254 289,966 35.2 577,298 246,922 — — 583,700 240,520

19912 ......................................... 826,252 535,623 290,629 64.8 525,599 300,653 36.4 580,908 245,344 — — 591,269 234,983

19932 ......................................... 915,474 545,706 369,768 59.6 561,123 354,351 38.7 650,434 265,040 254,130 10,910 625,969 289,505

19952 ......................................... 931,706 550,822 380,884 59.1 562,893 368,813 39.6 656,833 274,873 260,900 13,973 647,059 284,647

19972 ......................................... 989,813 568,719 421,094 57.5 587,420 402,393 40.7 694,560 295,253 271,257 23,996 682,650 307,163

19992 ......................................... 1,027,830 590,937 436,893 57.5 602,469 425,361 41.4 713,325 314,505 284,652 29,853 713,823 314,007

20012 ......................................... 1,113,183 617,868 495,315 55.5 644,514 468,669 42.1 771,124 342,059 306,487 35,572 764,172 349,011

20032 ......................................... 1,173,593 630,092 543,501 53.7 663,723 509,870 43.4 791,766 381,827 330,097 51,730 814,289 359,304

20052 ......................................... 1,290,426 675,624 614,802 52.4 714,453 575,973 44.6 841,188 449,238 361,523 87,715 916,996 373,430

20072 ......................................... 1,371,390 703,463 667,927 51.3 743,812 627,578 45.8 877,146 494,244 385,875 108,369 990,849 380,541

20092 ......................................... 1,439,144 728,977 710,167 50.7 761,035 678,109 47.1 913,679 525,465 408,561 116,904 1,038,483 400,661
380 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Combined number of Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska

Native faculty.

2Combined Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native faculty as a percentage of total faculty, excluding race/ethnicity unknown.

3Race/ethnicity not collected.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Beginning in 2007, includes institutions with fewer

than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to 2007. Race

categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals may differ from figures reported in

other tables because of varying survey methodologies.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2005,

2007, and 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter

2005–06, Winter 2007–08, and Winter 2009–10. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 260. Full-time instructional faculty in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, and academic rank: Fall 2005, fall 2007, and 

fall 2009

Sex and academic rank Total White

Selected racial/ethnic groups

Race/

ethnicity

unknown

Nonresident

alien3 Number1 Percent2 Black Hispanic

Asian/Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

2005

Total.................................................. 675,624 527,900 109,964 16.5 35,458 22,818 48,457 3,231 9,703 28,057

Professors................................................. 169,192 145,936 20,856 12.4 5,484 3,793 11,060 519 1,014 1,386

Associate professors ................................ 138,444 112,507 22,429 16.4 7,402 4,319 10,144 564 1,296 2,212

Assistant professors ................................. 159,689 114,470 31,253 19.9 9,897 5,728 14,922 706 2,809 11,157

Instructors................................................. 98,555 76,359 18,368 19.0 7,462 5,261 4,740 905 1,853 1,975

Lecturers................................................... 27,215 20,982 4,342 16.2 1,286 1,233 1,714 109 480 1,411

Other faculty ............................................. 82,529 57,646 12,716 15.8 3,927 2,484 5,877 428 2,251 9,916

2007

Total.................................................. 703,463 540,460 119,906 17.3 37,930 24,975 53,661 3,340 11,875 31,222

Professors................................................. 173,395 147,867 22,734 13.2 5,839 4,128 12,239 528 1,309 1,485

Associate professors ................................ 143,692 115,274 24,255 17.1 7,855 4,714 11,082 604 1,628 2,535

Assistant professors ................................. 168,508 117,618 34,940 21.2 10,642 6,329 17,290 679 3,593 12,357

Instructors................................................. 101,429 77,609 19,470 19.7 7,480 5,800 5,225 965 2,350 2,000

Lecturers................................................... 31,264 23,470 5,326 17.4 1,602 1,492 2,081 151 661 1,807

Other faculty ............................................. 85,175 58,622 13,181 15.9 4,512 2,512 5,744 413 2,334 11,038

Males ........................................................ 409,115 314,375 67,147 16.7 17,782 13,468 34,178 1,719 6,660 20,933

Professors............................................. 127,488 108,404 16,882 13.3 3,646 2,874 10,018 344 973 1,229

Associate professors............................. 86,660 68,982 14,760 17.2 4,110 2,768 7,570 312 1,038 1,880

Assistant professors.............................. 88,741 60,407 18,207 21.0 4,607 3,265 10,037 298 1,945 8,182

Instructors............................................. 46,599 35,795 8,665 19.0 2,928 2,782 2,463 492 1,066 1,073

Lecturers............................................... 14,784 11,045 2,367 16.4 721 613 956 77 347 1,025

Other faculty.......................................... 44,843 29,742 6,266 14.4 1,770 1,166 3,134 196 1,291 7,544

Females.................................................... 294,348 226,085 52,759 18.2 20,148 11,507 19,483 1,621 5,215 10,289

Professors............................................. 45,907 39,463 5,852 12.8 2,193 1,254 2,221 184 336 256

Associate professors............................. 57,032 46,292 9,495 16.8 3,745 1,946 3,512 292 590 655

Assistant professors.............................. 79,767 57,211 16,733 21.4 6,035 3,064 7,253 381 1,648 4,175

Instructors............................................. 54,830 41,814 10,805 20.2 4,552 3,018 2,762 473 1,284 927

Lecturers............................................... 16,480 12,425 2,959 18.3 881 879 1,125 74 314 782

Other faculty.......................................... 40,332 28,880 6,915 17.6 2,742 1,346 2,610 217 1,043 3,494

2009

Total.................................................. 728,977 551,271 130,903 18.4 39,715 28,040 59,691 3,457 16,058 30,745

Professors................................................. 177,581 149,568 24,633 14.0 6,086 4,683 13,284 580 1,923 1,457

Associate professors ................................ 148,981 117,270 26,779 18.3 8,163 5,383 12,632 601 2,387 2,545

Assistant professors ................................. 171,639 117,892 37,199 22.3 10,979 6,789 18,712 719 4,617 11,931

Instructors................................................. 104,521 78,329 20,951 20.7 7,806 6,577 5,566 1,002 3,396 1,845

Lecturers................................................... 33,332 24,895 5,851 18.0 1,812 1,583 2,318 138 882 1,704

Other faculty ............................................. 92,923 63,317 15,490 17.2 4,869 3,025 7,179 417 2,853 11,263

Males ........................................................ 415,821 314,712 71,889 17.7 18,026 14,865 37,261 1,737 8,973 20,247

Professors............................................. 127,931 107,315 18,013 14.2 3,755 3,209 10,684 365 1,405 1,198

Associate professors............................. 87,965 68,747 15,935 18.4 4,180 3,096 8,338 321 1,497 1,786

Assistant professors.............................. 88,665 59,607 18,954 22.0 4,568 3,422 10,658 306 2,477 7,627

Instructors............................................. 46,762 35,137 9,003 19.9 2,880 3,078 2,568 477 1,583 1,039

Lecturers............................................... 15,724 11,702 2,620 17.2 822 650 1,084 64 466 936

Other faculty.......................................... 48,774 32,204 7,364 15.6 1,821 1,410 3,929 204 1,545 7,661

Females.................................................... 313,156 236,559 59,014 19.3 21,689 13,175 22,430 1,720 7,085 10,498

Professors............................................. 49,650 42,253 6,620 13.5 2,331 1,474 2,600 215 518 259

Associate professors............................. 61,016 48,523 10,844 18.0 3,983 2,287 4,294 280 890 759

Assistant professors.............................. 82,974 58,285 18,245 22.6 6,411 3,367 8,054 413 2,140 4,304

Instructors............................................. 57,759 43,192 11,948 21.4 4,926 3,499 2,998 525 1,813 806

Lecturers............................................... 17,608 13,193 3,231 18.8 990 933 1,234 74 416 768

Other faculty.......................................... 44,149 31,113 8,126 19.0 3,048 1,615 3,250 213 1,308 3,602
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 261. Percentage distribution of full-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution, selected instructio

taught for credit: Fall 2003

Instruction activity and number of classes All institutions

Research Doctoral Comprehensive

Public Private Public Private Public Private Private libera

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of full-time faculty and instructional staff

(in thousands).................................................... 681.8 (0.05) 162.1 (0.85) 63.5 (1.58) 51.3 (0.76) 21.7 (0.79) 107.3 (2.98) 41.4 (1.59) 49.6 (

Percentage distribution ............................................ 100.0 (†) 23.8 (0.12) 9.3 (0.23) 7.5 (0.11) 3.2 (0.12) 15.7 (0.44) 6.1 (0.23) 7.3 (

Average hours worked per week ............................. 53.3 (0.13) 55.6 (0.21) 55.8 (0.42) 54.0 (0.38) 52.4 (0.59) 53.2 (0.31) 51.8 (0.53) 54.0 (

Paid activities within institution............................. 45.4 (0.12) 48.8 (0.19) 47.8 (0.36) 45.9 (0.31) 44.7 (0.47) 44.4 (0.27) 42.9 (0.55) 45.6 (Unpaid activities within institution ........................ 3.8 (0.04) 3.1 (0.08) 3.3 (0.15) 3.9 (0.14) 3.8 (0.20) 4.4 (0.13) 4.4 (0.15) 4.4 (

Paid activities outside institution .......................... 2.2 (0.05) 1.8 (0.08) 2.7 (0.21) 2.1 (0.13) 2.3 (0.25) 2.3 (0.12) 2.2 (0.17) 2.0 (

Unpaid activities outside institution...................... 1.9 (0.03) 1.9 (0.05) 2.0 (0.09) 2.1 (0.11) 1.7 (0.11) 2.1 (0.09) 2.3 (0.12) 2.0 (

Work time distribution (percent)............................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (2.08) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Teaching............................................................... 58.2 (0.27) 43.5 (0.43) 43.1 (0.76) 55.5 (0.72) 55.0 (1.15) 64.7 (0.70) 67.5 (0.78) 65.9 (

Research/scholarship .......................................... 20.0 (0.44) 33.2 (0.42) 34.0 (0.84) 22.3 (0.72) 24.6 (0.84) 15.0 (0.49) 11.2 (0.57) 12.7 (Other.................................................................... 21.7 (0.17) 23.2 (0.45) 22.8 (0.67) 22.2 (0.64) 20.4 (1.21) 20.4 (0.66) 21.3 (0.75) 21.3 (

Faculty/staff distribution by instruction 

activity (percent)

Distribution by hours taught per week ..................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 4.0 ....................................................... 30.3 (0.44) 48.9 (0.83) 52.2 (1.31) 30.0 (1.70) 26.5 (1.74) 16.3 (1.08) 14.9 (1.06) 15.5 (

4.0 to 5.9.............................................................. 5.8 (0.21) 8.4 (0.50) 8.8 (0.77) 6.0 (0.58) 8.4 (1.37) 4.1 (0.53) 4.1 (0.57) 4.1 (6.0 to 7.9.............................................................. 13.8 (0.37) 20.0 (0.80) 15.2 (1.20) 22.2 (1.14) 22.0 (1.77) 12.0 (0.78) 11.0 (1.43) 13.3 (8.0 to 9.9.............................................................. 12.5 (0.30) 9.0 (0.49) 9.3 (0.87) 16.9 (1.20) 19.3 (1.76) 21.5 (0.93) 18.7 (1.78) 19.5 (

10.0 to 14.9.......................................................... 18.2 (0.39) 7.9 (0.55) 8.8 (0.88) 15.1 (1.13) 15.0 (1.53) 31.5 (1.24) 32.7 (2.15) 33.5 (15.0 or more ........................................................ 19.4 (0.40) 5.8 (0.43) 5.7 (0.67) 9.7 (0.92) 8.7 (1.34) 14.6 (0.93) 18.5 (1.92) 14.1 (

Distribution by number of students taught ............... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 25 ........................................................ 30.6 (0.46) 46.0 (0.84) 51.5 (1.56) 29.7 (1.53) 31.9 (1.88) 16.8 (1.25) 16.5 (1.23) 20.8 (

25 to 49................................................................ 17.0 (0.34) 17.0 (0.83) 16.9 (1.06) 17.1 (0.99) 18.8 (1.74) 17.9 (0.96) 22.7 (1.57) 25.4 (50 to 74................................................................ 16.2 (0.33) 11.9 (0.69) 10.0 (0.99) 16.3 (1.29) 20.9 (1.64) 18.7 (0.77) 26.5 (1.32) 24.4 (75 to 99................................................................ 13.0 (0.30) 7.6 (0.51) 6.2 (0.57) 13.9 (0.91) 11.2 (0.95) 17.5 (0.86) 17.6 (1.15) 15.8 (

100 to 149............................................................ 14.2 (0.39) 7.6 (0.54) 7.0 (0.78) 13.2 (0.87) 9.9 (1.21) 19.4 (1.22) 13.1 (1.61) 10.6 (

150 or more ......................................................... 9.0 (0.27) 9.8 (0.59) 8.4 (0.73) 9.8 (0.87) 7.4 (1.04) 9.7 (0.85) 3.6 (0.72) 3.0 (

Distribution by student classroom contact hours per 

week1 ................................................................. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 50 ........................................................ 24.2 (0.40) 38.3 (0.83) 42.7 (1.33) 23.2 (1.52) 22.0 (1.53) 11.9 (1.04) 12.6 (1.02) 12.2 (

50 to 99................................................................ 5.3 (0.23) 7.7 (0.56) 7.0 (0.82) 6.4 (0.68) 7.0 (1.20) 4.3 (0.52) 2.7 (0.55) 4.9 (100 to 199............................................................ 7.1 (0.20) 9.4 (0.54) 10.7 (0.87) 8.0 (0.88) 8.6 (1.38) 6.2 (0.62) 4.5 (0.66) 7.2 (

200 to 349............................................................ 9.0 (0.28) 10.9 (0.52) 10.4 (0.83) 10.4 (0.88) 12.8 (1.74) 8.6 (0.71) 10.9 (1.38) 11.9 (350 to 499............................................................ 7.7 (0.24) 8.0 (0.44) 8.1 (0.83) 10.6 (1.03) 11.5 (1.03) 7.9 (0.91) 10.2 (0.79) 12.4 (500 or more ......................................................... 46.8 (0.44) 25.6 (0.74) 21.2 (1.21) 41.4 (1.36) 38.0 (1.81) 61.1 (1.46) 59.1 (1.75) 51.4 (

Distribution by total classroom credit hours.............. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 4.0 ....................................................... 31.8 (0.54) 48.9 (0.82) 52.1 (1.55) 30.1 (1.46) 29.0 (1.75) 18.0 (1.03) 17.5 (1.44) 23.7 (

4.0 to 5.9.............................................................. 6.6 (0.22) 9.4 (0.54) 10.2 (0.63) 6.8 (0.67) 10.5 (1.53) 3.5 (0.35) 4.5 (0.61) 5.6 (6.0 to 7.9.............................................................. 15.0 (0.37) 21.6 (0.66) 14.0 (1.04) 25.1 (1.29) 21.3 (1.71) 14.2 (0.94) 12.2 (1.04) 11.4 (8.0 to 9.9.............................................................. 14.8 (0.33) 10.4 (0.60) 10.7 (0.84) 19.9 (1.28) 20.8 (1.47) 25.3 (1.15) 23.4 (1.73) 19.1 (10.0 to 14.9.......................................................... 20.2 (0.38) 7.7 (0.51) 9.7 (0.99) 14.8 (1.17) 13.2 (1.40) 32.0 (1.20) 35.4 (1.94) 32.5 (15.0 or more ........................................................ 11.6 (0.31) 1.9 (0.24) 3.2 (0.52) 3.3 (0.64) 5.2 (0.99) 7.0 (0.88) 6.9 (0.71) 7.7 (

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Distribution by student classroom contact hours per week is based on the number of contact hours that faculty and instructional staff spend each week with students during classroom instruction multiplied by the number of students taught. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees aprograms. Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaFaculty (NSOPF:04). (This table was prepared December 2008.) 

Faculty/staff distribution by number of classes 

taught for credit (percent)

Faculty/staff with undergraduate classes only, 

by total for-credit courses .................................. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

1........................................................................... 11.0 (0.43) 24.2 (2.40) 20.2 (2.97) 14.1 (2.91) 10.0 (2.52) 10.5 (1.31) 9.3 (1.13) 9.9 (2........................................................................... 17.4 (0.62) 38.0 (2.80) 31.2 (3.96) 24.2 (3.05) 38.6 (5.05) 14.6 (1.51) 18.5 (2.14) 22.7 (3........................................................................... 23.7 (0.65) 22.6 (2.21) 30.8 (3.42) 31.1 (2.98) 37.3 (3.60) 28.6 (1.89) 30.3 (2.48) 34.3 (4........................................................................... 21.9 (0.73) 10.8 (1.43) 11.7 (2.99) 20.4 (1.92) 10.9 (2.75) 33.3 (1.87) 30.7 (2.77) 21.1 (5 or more ............................................................. 26.1 (0.70) 4.4 (0.86) 6.1 (1.74) 10.1 (1.97) 3.2 (1.15) 13.0 (1.56) 11.2 (1.53) 12.0 (

Faculty/staff with graduate classes only, by total 

for-credit courses............................................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

1........................................................................... 40.1 (1.21) 50.4 (2.17) 48.0 (3.69) 34.3 (3.04) 25.9 (4.02) 23.6 (3.86) 13.0 (3.72) 15.8 (2........................................................................... 31.0 (1.07) 26.3 (1.81) 27.9 (2.93) 39.1 (3.32) 50.7 (4.02) 33.6 (5.32) 28.7 (4.00) 31.6 (13........................................................................... 16.7 (0.88) 14.3 (1.38) 13.3 (2.60) 16.3 (2.76) 14.1 (3.52) 29.6 (4.35) 36.3 (4.99) 22.7 (4........................................................................... 7.1 (0.80) 4.5 (1.24) 7.4 (2.07) 7.4 (2.04) 3.7 (1.44) 10.1 (3.39) 16.5 (3.92) 16.7 (5 or more ............................................................. 5.1 (0.52) 4.4 (0.69) 3.4 (1.33) 2.9 (1.62) 5.7 (2.80) 3.1 (1.52) 5.5 (2.85) 13.1 (

Faculty/staff with both undergraduate and graduate 

classes, by total for-credit courses..................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

1........................................................................... 23.3 (0.68) 32.5 (1.37) 38.4 (1.89) 21.1 (2.17) 20.2 (2.37) 9.0 (1.04) 10.3 (2.14) 9.4 (2........................................................................... 33.4 (0.83) 44.3 (1.36) 42.8 (2.33) 37.1 (2.15) 37.8 (2.58) 19.6 (1.30) 19.0 (2.78) 18.3 (3........................................................................... 24.3 (0.70) 15.5 (0.99) 12.4 (1.37) 26.5 (1.75) 32.0 (3.01) 38.1 (1.91) 34.8 (2.85) 29.5 (4........................................................................... 12.2 (0.54) 4.5 (0.64) 3.7 (1.06) 10.1 (1.37) 6.6 (2.02) 23.4 (1.69) 24.4 (3.39) 27.5 (5 or more ............................................................. 6.7 (0.43) 3.1 (0.45) 2.8 (0.78) 5.2 (0.75) 3.2 (1.74) 9.9 (1.01) 11.4 (2.07) 15.2 (

Table 261. Percentage distribution of full-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution, selected instructio

taught for credit: Fall 2003—Continued

Instruction activity and number of classes All institutions

Research Doctoral Comprehensive

Public Private Public Private Public Private Private libera

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 262. Percentage distribution of part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution, selected instructio

taught for credit: Fall 2003

Instruction activity and number of classes All institutions

Research Doctoral Comprehensive

Public Private Public Private Public Private Private libera

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of part-time faculty and instructional staff 

(in thousands).................................................... 530.0 (0.02) 39.7 (0.78) 23.2 (0.96) 20.8 (0.82) 15.4 (0.83) 60.3 (2.49) 53.5 (2.17) 28.4 (

Percentage distribution ............................................ 100.0 (†) 7.5 (0.15) 4.4 (0.18) 3.9 (0.15) 2.9 (0.16) 11.4 (0.47) 10.1 (0.41) 5.4 (

Average hours worked per week ............................. 39.9 (0.30) 41.1 (0.85) 42.6 (1.24) 43.5 (1.37) 42.1 (1.29) 38.8 (1.01) 42.7 (1.14) 39.6 (

Paid activities within institution............................. 13.7 (0.13) 19.0 (0.61) 14.0 (0.65) 16.4 (0.76) 13.5 (0.97) 14.9 (0.48) 12.1 (0.56) 13.5 (Unpaid activities within institution ........................ 1.7 (0.06) 1.8 (0.25) 2.5 (0.25) 2.3 (0.28) 2.8 (0.37) 2.3 (0.19) 2.7 (0.12) 2.6 (

Paid activities outside institution .......................... 22.1 (0.28) 18.3 (0.98) 23.9 (1.34) 23.3 (1.55) 24.1 (1.40) 19.9 (1.00) 26.6 (1.38) 21.9 (Unpaid activities outside institution...................... 2.3 (0.06) 2.0 (0.25) 2.2 (0.25) 1.6 (0.28) 1.7 (0.37) 1.8 (0.19) 1.3 (0.12) 1.6 (

Work time distribution (percent)............................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Teaching............................................................... 88.3 (0.32) 74.1 (1.79) 80.6 (1.89) 84.9 (1.71) 87.2 (1.87) 90.8 (0.83) 90.4 (0.70) 90.2 (

Research/scholarship .......................................... 3.9 (0.80) 13.3 (1.62) 7.0 (0.97) 7.4 (1.35) 5.2 (1.42) 3.2 (0.46) 2.4 (0.49) 2.6 (Other.................................................................... 7.8 (0.20) 12.6 (1.04) 12.4 (1.75) 7.6 (1.03) 7.6 (1.22) 6.0 (0.63) 7.2 (0.81) 7.2 (

Faculty/staff distribution by instruction 

activity (percent)

Distribution by hours taught per week ..................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 4.0 ....................................................... 45.3 (0.80) 58.1 (2.25) 62.4 (3.87) 53.3 (2.71) 48.0 (2.67) 45.5 (1.68) 39.8 (2.34) 44.8 (

4.0 to 5.9.............................................................. 12.2 (0.48) 9.3 (1.25) 12.9 (2.46) 12.5 (1.49) 15.0 (1.57) 9.7 (1.25) 17.7 (2.07) 13.2 (

6.0 to 7.9.............................................................. 14.3 (0.57) 12.5 (1.50) 10.1 (1.69) 14.5 (1.76) 14.3 (2.01) 19.4 (1.68) 12.9 (2.14) 13.8 (

8.0 to 9.9.............................................................. 10.4 (0.47) 8.9 (1.22) 5.6 (1.46) 8.3 (1.82) 7.8 (1.58) 10.8 (1.11) 11.7 (1.93) 10.7 (10.0 to 14.9.......................................................... 9.4 (0.47) 7.5 (1.27) 3.0 (1.16) 5.5 (1.29) 7.3 (2.03) 8.0 (1.27) 7.7 (1.29) 8.3 (15.0 or more ........................................................ 8.3 (0.43) 3.6 (0.90) 6.0 (1.94) 5.9 (1.50) 7.6 (1.26) 6.5 (1.05) 10.3 (1.61) 9.1 (

Distribution by number of students taught ............... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 25 ........................................................ 52.0 (0.82) 55.6 (2.16) 68.9 (3.98) 44.6 (2.68) 56.9 (3.29) 41.6 (2.07) 57.9 (2.45) 60.5 (

25 to 49................................................................ 24.9 (0.58) 17.4 (1.54) 16.9 (2.13) 27.4 (2.51) 20.7 (2.48) 24.5 (2.10) 29.4 (1.90) 24.1 (50 to 74................................................................ 12.1 (0.54) 11.6 (1.23) 3.7 (1.15) 12.5 (1.71) 9.8 (2.48) 17.5 (1.52) 8.5 (0.77) 10.0 (

75 to 99................................................................ 5.8 (0.30) 5.4 (0.89) 4.1 (1.57) 7.6 (1.52) 6.8 (1.62) 6.7 (1.22) 2.0 (0.44) 3.7 (100 to 149............................................................ 3.4 (0.23) 4.8 (1.07) 2.0 (0.72) 4.2 (1.46) 2.9 (0.89) 7.2 (1.14) 1.8 (0.55) 1.2 (150 or more ......................................................... 1.9 (0.19) 5.2 (0.96) 4.5 (1.35) 3.7 (0.94) 2.8 (1.12) 2.6 (0.59) 0.4 (0.30) 0.4 (

Distribution by student classroom contact hours per 

week1 ................................................................. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 50 ........................................................ 33.9 (0.80) 41.6 (2.52) 53.4 (3.98) 27.7 (2.98) 40.2 (2.67) 25.4 (1.88) 36.0 (2.52) 38.2 (

50 to 99................................................................ 17.0 (0.54) 13.1 (1.46) 17.5 (2.13) 23.0 (3.38) 17.0 (2.30) 18.9 (1.40) 19.5 (1.53) 17.4 (100 to 199............................................................ 13.2 (0.49) 13.3 (1.51) 8.5 (1.44) 14.2 (2.34) 7.5 (1.56) 14.8 (1.72) 13.3 (1.65) 14.1 (

200 to 349............................................................ 11.2 (0.46) 10.8 (1.29) 5.6 (1.42) 10.9 (1.97) 12.3 (1.88) 10.3 (1.80) 13.5 (0.93) 10.1 (

350 to 499............................................................ 7.2 (0.34) 6.1 (0.98) 3.0 (0.96) 7.7 (1.74) 8.5 (1.74) 10.2 (1.00) 4.5 (0.64) 5.5 (

500 or more ......................................................... 17.5 (0.58) 15.1 (1.89) 12.1 (2.50) 16.5 (2.29) 14.5 (2.58) 20.3 (1.97) 13.3 (1.53) 14.6 (

Distribution by total classroom credit hours............. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

Less than 4.0 ....................................................... 53.3 (0.89) 59.8 (2.39) 67.5 (3.65) 62.2 (2.96) 55.4 (2.34) 52.0 (2.05) 51.3 (2.05) 58.9 (

4.0 to 5.9.............................................................. 11.7 (0.52) 12.2 (1.52) 11.8 (2.12) 10.8 (1.63) 10.6 (1.81) 9.3 (1.09) 14.1 (1.77) 10.3 (

6.0 to 7.9.............................................................. 16.9 (0.55) 12.8 (1.61) 10.2 (2.20) 14.9 (1.96) 18.7 (2.12) 23.1 (2.10) 18.1 (1.22) 15.4 (8.0 to 9.9.............................................................. 9.4 (0.42) 8.2 (0.92) 6.2 (1.22) 8.5 (1.64) 8.3 (2.03) 9.5 (0.99) 9.0 (1.08) 8.3 (10.0 to 14.9.......................................................... 6.6 (0.35) 5.6 (1.48) 1.8 (0.75) 3.6 (0.97) 4.8 (1.22) 3.8 (0.81) 5.2 (0.82) 5.1 (15.0 or more ........................................................ 2.1 (0.21) 1.4 (0.58) 2.5 (0.91) ‡ (†) 2.2 (0.78) 2.2 (0.57) 2.3 (0.64) 2.0 (

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Distribution by student classroom contact hours per week is based on the number of contact hours that faculty and instructional staff spend each week with students during classroom instruction multiplied by the number of students taught.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and grams. Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varyto totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaFaculty (NSOPF:04). (This table was prepared December 2008.)

Faculty/staff distribution by number of classes 

taught for credit (percent)

Faculty/staff with undergraduate classes only, 

by total for-credit courses .................................. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

1........................................................................... 49.2 (0.90) 53.1 (3.85) 62.3 (5.20) 58.8 (4.27) 45.4 (4.58) 48.4 (2.43) 54.1 (2.78) 53.7 (2........................................................................... 29.7 (0.86) 31.2 (3.04) 28.5 (5.51) 26.9 (3.12) 39.8 (4.33) 33.1 (2.35) 29.2 (2.27) 25.0 (3........................................................................... 12.5 (0.47) 9.4 (1.83) 6.9 (2.33) 11.5 (2.36) 13.1 (3.15) 10.8 (1.26) 9.4 (1.35) 10.2 (

4........................................................................... 5.3 (0.41) 4.6 (1.41) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.0 (1.06) 5.4 (1.08) 5.6 (5 or more ............................................................. 3.3 (0.32) 1.7 (1.03) ‡ (†) 2.6 (1.27) 1.3 (1.11) 3.7 (0.95) 1.8 (0.77) 5.5 (

Faculty/staff with graduate classes only, by total 

for-credit courses............................................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

1........................................................................... 72.6 (1.73) 71.7 (5.24) 81.7 (4.89) 81.8 (4.93) 72.2 (5.28) 74.8 (5.62) 62.2 (3.67) 69.9 (2........................................................................... 16.6 (1.30) 20.6 (4.61) 7.4 (3.23) 10.8 (4.07) 16.2 (4.50) 12.9 (4.45) 23.3 (2.37) 18.8 (3........................................................................... 5.3 (0.93) 4.0 (2.25) 5.7 (2.74) 7.4 (4.52) 5.7 (3.51) 3.7 (2.40) 7.6 (2.41) 2.9 (4........................................................................... 3.1 (0.81) ‡ (†) 5.2 (3.18) ‡ (†) 4.0 (1.41) 5.2 (3.55) 3.9 (1.32) 6.6 (5 or more ............................................................. 2.4 (0.53) 3.7 (2.05) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 2.9 (1.38) ‡ 

Faculty/staff with both undergraduate and graduate 

classes, by total for-credit courses..................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

1........................................................................... 46.5 (2.05) 51.3 (5.19) 46.4 (10.59) 59.3 (5.24) 63.7 (8.93) 38.0 (6.03) 38.9 (4.23) 44.1 (2........................................................................... 28.7 (1.96) 29.6 (4.47) 36.3 (8.39) 18.5 (6.24) 18.1 (5.75) 30.7 (3.91) 32.7 (5.11) 35.1 (3........................................................................... 13.5 (1.78) 11.3 (3.25) 11.4 (5.72) 16.9 (6.27) ‡ (†) 17.8 (4.04) 16.6 (3.72) 12.3 (4........................................................................... 5.9 (1.19) 3.3 (1.63) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 7.8 (5.97) 7.9 (3.54) 5.4 (3.06) 5.8 (5 or more ............................................................. 5.4 (1.18) 4.4 (2.08) ‡ (†) 5.0 (2.36) ‡ (†) 5.7 (2.75) 6.4 (2.36) 2.7 (

Table 262. Percentage distribution of part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution, selected instructio

taught for credit: Fall 2003—Continued

Instruction activity and number of classes All institutions

Research Doctoral Comprehensive

Public Private Public Private Public Private Private libera

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 263. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution and selected characteristics: F

fall 2003

Selected characteristic 

Number 

(in thousands) 

Fall 2003

Total

Research Doctoral Comprehensive P

1992 1998 2003 Public Private Public Private Public Private 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

Full-time faculty and instructional staff

Number (in thousands) ....................... 528.3 560.4 681.8 (0.05) 681.8 (0.05) 162.1 (0.85) 63.5 (1.58) 51.3 (0.76) 21.7 (0.79) 107.3 (2.98) 41.4 (1.59) 4

Percentage distribution........................ † † † (†) 100.0 (†) 23.8 (0.12) 9.3 (0.23) 7.5 (0.11) 3.2 (0.12) 15.7 (0.44) 6.1 (0.23) 

Percentage distribution of full-time faculty and instructional staff

Total.................................................... 528.3 560.4 681.8 (0.05) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 10

Sex

Male ........................................................ 352.7 356.9 420.4 (—) 61.7 (0.35) 69.9 (0.62) 68.8 (0.90) 62.8 (1.29) 66.7 (2.04) 58.8 (0.84) 57.6 (2.03) 5

Female.................................................... 175.5 203.5 261.4 (—) 38.3 (0.35) 30.1 (0.62) 31.2 (0.90) 37.2 (1.29) 33.3 (2.04) 41.2 (0.84) 42.4 (2.03) 4

Race/ethnicity

White....................................................... 456.7 477.0 547.7 (—) 80.3 (0.27) 79.0 (0.50) 77.6 (0.73) 81.3 (1.33) 82.7 (1.55) 78.0 (1.12) 85.6 (1.02) 8

Black ....................................................... 27.4 28.4 38.1 (—) 5.6 (0.17) 3.7 (0.26) 4.9 (0.49) 4.1 (0.50) 5.1 (0.79) 8.7 (0.73) 4.8 (0.65) Hispanic .................................................. 13.9 18.5 23.8 (—) 3.5 (0.10) 2.9 (0.18) 3.5 (0.36) 2.9 (0.37) 2.2 (0.59) 3.6 (0.23) 2.4 (0.36) 

Asian/Pacific Islander.............................. 27.7 32.5 62.3 (—) 9.1 (0.16) 13.2 (0.45) 12.8 (0.63) 10.1 (1.17) 9.3 (1.40) 7.9 (0.34) 5.9 (0.74) 

American Indian/Alaska Native............... 2.6 4.0 10.0 (—) 1.5 (0.11) 1.1 (0.17) 1.2 (0.40) 1.6 (0.35) 0.7 (0.36) 1.8 (0.50) 1.2 (0.38) 

Age

Under 30 ................................................. 7.6 8.8 11.9 (—) 1.7 (0.13) 1.7 (0.24) 1.5 (0.28) 1.8 (0.37) 1.3 (0.44) 1.7 (0.29) 2.3 (0.56) 

30 to 34................................................... 35.4 32.2 47.2 (—) 6.9 (0.21) 7.5 (0.44) 8.6 (0.89) 7.2 (0.82) 5.9 (0.73) 6.5 (0.74) 7.0 (0.92) 35 to 39................................................... 66.8 60.1 77.1 (—) 11.3 (0.29) 12.8 (0.58) 14.3 (1.35) 11.8 (0.95) 8.9 (1.45) 10.1 (0.86) 9.6 (0.88) 1

40 to 44................................................... 90.2 81.9 92.6 (—) 13.6 (0.31) 15.3 (0.57) 15.0 (0.75) 11.9 (0.83) 11.8 (1.36) 12.1 (0.78) 14.4 (1.15) 1

45 to 49................................................... 97.7 96.8 105.3 (—) 15.4 (0.32) 15.9 (0.53) 14.6 (1.24) 16.5 (1.38) 16.0 (1.89) 15.2 (0.75) 13.0 (1.18) 1

50 to 54................................................... 94.9 104.7 114.4 (—) 16.8 (0.34) 16.3 (0.66) 14.6 (0.87) 16.0 (1.09) 14.9 (1.34) 16.6 (0.90) 17.1 (1.26) 1

55 to 59................................................... 67.3 90.2 111.6 (—) 16.4 (0.37) 13.9 (0.66) 12.0 (0.61) 15.1 (1.01) 16.5 (1.60) 17.3 (0.89) 16.8 (1.24) 1

60 to 64................................................... 44.6 55.0 78.3 (—) 11.5 (0.31) 10.7 (0.58) 10.9 (0.74) 13.8 (0.90) 12.8 (1.54) 13.4 (0.72) 12.9 (1.42) 1

65 or older............................................... 23.8 30.6 43.3 (—) 6.3 (0.23) 6.0 (0.40) 8.6 (0.64) 5.9 (0.83) 11.8 (1.53) 7.1 (0.67) 6.8 (0.78) 

Highest degree

Less than bachelor’s ............................... 6.3 6.7 10.0 (—) 1.5 (0.12) 0.2 (0.09) 0.2 (0.14) 0.2 (0.09) ‡ (†) 0.1 (0.07) ‡ (†) Bachelor’s ............................................... 20.9 22.5 29.4 (—) 4.3 (0.24) 2.0 (0.27) 2.0 (0.41) 2.9 (0.51) 1.6 (0.46) 3.1 (0.63) 2.8 (0.58) Master’s .................................................. 155.8 156.0 179.8 (—) 26.4 (0.39) 12.3 (0.49) 9.9 (0.93) 20.3 (1.19) 12.9 (1.17) 22.7 (1.08) 28.7 (2.10) 2

First-professional .................................... 58.3 51.7 56.1 (—) 8.2 (0.30) 11.8 (0.53) 18.4 (1.19) 4.7 (0.49) 9.7 (1.47) 2.0 (0.30) 3.5 (0.89) Doctoral .................................................. 283.8 323.5 406.6 (—) 59.6 (0.48) 73.7 (0.61) 69.4 (1.45) 71.9 (1.30) 75.4 (2.03) 72.1 (1.34) 65.0 (2.47) 6

Academic rank

Professor................................................. 160.6 172.2 194.4 (3.67) 28.5 (0.54) 33.8 (0.95) 34.0 (1.15) 27.3 (1.34) 30.3 (2.37) 29.8 (1.23) 24.8 (1.61) 2Associate professor ................................ 123.7 132.0 149.6 (2.56) 21.9 (0.37) 23.3 (0.63) 22.0 (1.12) 25.9 (1.54) 31.6 (1.73) 23.2 (1.30) 27.0 (1.41) 2Assistant professor ................................. 124.3 125.0 158.1 (2.81) 23.2 (0.41) 22.5 (0.68) 26.6 (1.38) 23.5 (1.36) 21.6 (1.63) 28.3 (1.08) 31.8 (2.00) 3

Instructor................................................. 73.9 74.9 82.7 (2.85) 12.1 (0.42) 4.3 (0.27) 5.0 (0.79) 9.0 (0.94) 4.5 (0.89) 7.6 (0.81) 6.8 (1.02) Lecturer................................................... 11.9 14.1 21.9 (1.48) 3.2 (0.22) 4.6 (0.34) 4.9 (0.59) 5.4 (0.80) 2.5 (0.40) 5.4 (0.99) 1.9 (0.67) Other....................................................... 17.1 26.3 56.5 (2.15) 8.3 (0.32) 10.6 (0.64) 7.1 (0.54) 8.5 (0.59) 8.9 (1.23) 5.7 (0.94) 7.3 (1.12) No rank ................................................... 16.9 15.8 18.6 (1.28) 2.7 (0.19) 0.8 (0.14) 0.4 (0.20) 0.5 (0.25) 0.6 (0.45) 0.1 (0.05) 0.5 (0.10) 

Base salary

Under $10,000 ........................................ 13.8 9.7 4.4 (0.49) 0.7 (0.07) 0.8 (0.19) 0.7 (0.31) 0.8 (0.26) ‡ (†) 0.5 (0.20) 0.3 (0.18) 

$10,000 to 24,999................................... 29.4 19.3 19.0 (1.03) 2.8 (0.15) 2.5 (0.28) 3.0 (0.44) 3.8 (0.55) 1.7 (0.74) 3.1 (0.36) 2.9 (0.45) $25,000 to 39,999................................... 181.8 123.7 79.7 (2.90) 11.7 (0.42) 8.0 (0.49) 5.6 (0.66) 13.0 (0.65) 6.6 (1.03) 12.2 (1.12) 12.8 (1.85) 1

$40,000 to 54,999................................... 163.8 171.1 192.4 (3.09) 28.2 (0.45) 19.2 (0.78) 15.5 (1.13) 27.4 (1.10) 21.3 (2.12) 34.0 (1.40) 38.8 (1.63) 3

$55,000 to 69,999................................... 76.7 106.2 147.7 (3.54) 21.7 (0.52) 18.9 (0.58) 15.4 (0.99) 22.3 (1.05) 26.4 (2.02) 24.1 (1.26) 24.9 (1.78) 2$70,000 to 84,999................................... 32.1 57.9 94.8 (2.19) 13.9 (0.32) 15.3 (0.64) 16.0 (1.01) 14.7 (1.03) 15.6 (1.52) 14.7 (1.21) 10.5 (1.18) 1

$85,000 to 99,999................................... 11.1 28.1 50.7 (1.98) 7.4 (0.29) 11.1 (0.54) 9.8 (0.80) 7.8 (0.79) 10.1 (1.32) 8.1 (0.78) 4.0 (1.15) $100,000 or more ................................... 19.6 44.4 93.1 (2.29) 13.7 (0.34) 24.1 (0.76) 34.0 (1.20) 10.2 (0.82) 18.2 (1.63) 3.3 (0.46) 5.8 (0.90) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and pa

Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survesons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. StSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatPostsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:93;99;04). (This table was prepared January 2

Part-time faculty and instructional staff

Number (in thousands) ....................... 376.7 416.0 530.0 (0.02) 530.0 (0.02) 39.7 (0.78) 23.2 (0.96) 20.8 (0.82) 15.4 (0.83) 60.3 (2.49) 53.5 (2.17) 2

Percentage distribution........................ † † † † 100.0 (†) 7.5 (0.15) 4.4 (0.18) 3.9 (0.15) 2.9 (0.16) 11.4 (0.47) 10.1 (0.41) 

Percentage distribution of part-time faculty and instructional staff

Total.................................................... 376.7 416.0 530.0 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 10

Sex

Male ........................................................ 208.7 217.0 275.9 (—) 52.1 (0.45) 50.4 (1.97) 60.2 (1.92) 50.2 (2.26) 58.4 (3.34) 50.0 (1.59) 53.9 (1.53) 5

Female.................................................... 168.0 199.1 254.1 (—) 47.9 (0.45) 49.6 (1.97) 39.8 (1.92) 49.8 (2.26) 41.6 (3.34) 50.0 (1.59) 46.1 (1.53) 4

Race/ethnicity

White....................................................... 332.8 364.4 451.6 (—) 85.2 (0.38) 82.4 (1.63) 85.8 (1.78) 87.9 (2.19) 88.9 (1.99) 87.2 (1.89) 91.0 (0.85) 8

Black ....................................................... 18.3 18.9 29.7 (—) 5.6 (0.20) 2.7 (0.72) 4.1 (1.14) 2.4 (1.01) 2.8 (0.99) 4.7 (1.20) 2.8 (0.40) Hispanic .................................................. 11.2 15.5 18.7 (—) 3.5 (0.13) 3.2 (0.56) 2.5 (0.78) 4.1 (0.81) 2.8 (0.66) 3.1 (0.39) 2.4 (0.30) Asian/Pacific Islander.............................. 12.2 13.2 20.3 (—) 3.8 (0.22) 9.9 (1.39) 6.4 (1.05) 4.5 (1.14) 4.9 (1.79) 3.3 (0.59) 1.9 (0.61) 

American Indian/Alaska Native............... 2.3 4.0 9.7 (—) 1.8 (0.22) 1.8 (0.68) ‡ (†) 1.1 (0.69) 0.6 (0.35) 1.7 (0.61) 1.9 (0.42) 

Age

Under 30 ................................................. 20.5 15.1 22.8 (—) 4.3 (0.30) 5.6 (0.94) 3.1 (1.11) 8.9 (1.75) 4.8 (1.58) 5.7 (1.04) 1.8 (0.51) 30 to 34................................................... 35.9 37.1 43.4 (—) 8.2 (0.38) 10.0 (1.32) 8.8 (1.79) 6.8 (1.20) 6.5 (1.81) 8.1 (1.11) 7.9 (1.16) 35 to 39................................................... 58.9 47.2 54.6 (—) 10.3 (0.48) 8.7 (1.36) 9.4 (1.48) 8.3 (1.74) 12.5 (2.38) 11.1 (1.55) 9.7 (0.88) 140 to 44................................................... 70.0 60.4 61.0 (—) 11.5 (0.44) 12.9 (1.78) 11.4 (1.81) 13.2 (2.26) 11.2 (2.26) 11.9 (1.34) 10.1 (1.18) 145 to 49................................................... 68.0 72.1 76.5 (—) 14.4 (0.48) 15.6 (1.51) 16.0 (1.54) 16.3 (2.42) 7.9 (1.93) 11.3 (1.17) 14.3 (1.27) 1

50 to 54................................................... 45.1 69.8 82.8 (—) 15.6 (0.42) 14.5 (1.39) 12.2 (1.49) 16.3 (2.27) 16.5 (2.76) 13.6 (1.50) 18.5 (1.24) 1

55 to 59................................................... 28.8 47.1 77.0 (—) 14.5 (0.48) 12.1 (1.53) 14.4 (2.14) 13.5 (1.99) 14.2 (2.99) 14.8 (1.35) 14.2 (1.32) 160 to 64................................................... 22.9 28.8 51.6 (—) 9.7 (0.50) 8.4 (1.38) 9.6 (1.78) 8.0 (1.86) 12.5 (2.58) 11.2 (1.30) 10.5 (1.38) 65 or older............................................... 26.6 38.4 60.3 (—) 11.4 (0.46) 12.3 (1.49) 15.1 (1.95) 8.7 (1.61) 13.8 (2.90) 12.2 (1.19) 13.1 (1.85) 1

Highest degree

Less than bachelor's............................... 17.2 20.3 41.1 (—) 7.8 (0.59) 2.2 (0.59) 2.5 (1.27) 0.5 (0.28) 2.1 (0.76) 2.1 (0.61) 0.7 (0.28) 

Bachelor's ............................................... 62.7 58.8 83.8 (—) 15.8 (0.55) 9.9 (1.32) 10.9 (1.94) 13.9 (2.09) 7.6 (2.48) 13.1 (1.84) 7.5 (1.08) Master's .................................................. 190.2 225.1 273.1 (—) 51.5 (0.80) 35.6 (2.39) 36.6 (3.36) 53.8 (3.16) 41.7 (3.47) 57.8 (2.32) 64.4 (2.33) 6

First-professional .................................... 39.6 36.0 38.5 (—) 7.3 (0.39) 16.7 (1.98) 21.3 (2.68) 7.7 (1.52) 13.6 (2.41) 4.2 (0.79) 4.8 (0.90) Doctor's................................................... 58.9 75.8 93.5 (—) 17.6 (0.60) 35.6 (2.56) 28.7 (3.88) 24.1 (3.30) 35.0 (2.65) 22.7 (1.83) 22.6 (1.88) 2

Academic rank

Professor................................................. 32.3 30.2 23.3 (1.58) 4.4 (0.30) 8.1 (1.54) 5.6 (1.18) 4.6 (1.43) 5.7 (1.40) 5.7 (1.01) 2.4 (0.55) 

Associate professor ................................ 22.5 19.4 14.6 (1.18) 2.8 (0.22) 4.3 (0.94) 6.0 (1.45) 2.6 (1.14) 2.9 (1.03) 2.1 (0.69) 3.1 (0.79) Assistant professor ................................. 24.2 23.1 19.8 (1.53) 3.7 (0.29) 11.0 (1.49) 11.9 (3.02) 3.3 (0.80) 7.0 (1.73) 2.0 (0.49) 3.0 (0.86) 

Instructor................................................. 215.4 205.4 187.7 (4.42) 35.4 (0.83) 20.8 (1.72) 18.2 (1.92) 28.7 (2.27) 20.1 (3.25) 25.4 (2.41) 21.9 (1.64) 2Lecturer................................................... 45.3 46.3 40.9 (2.15) 7.7 (0.41) 21.5 (1.67) 18.6 (2.30) 13.2 (2.07) 9.6 (1.72) 15.8 (2.18) 8.6 (2.32) Other....................................................... 27.6 75.2 230.9 (4.51) 43.6 (0.85) 33.3 (2.17) 38.2 (2.49) 45.4 (2.50) 53.4 (3.25) 47.7 (3.01) 59.7 (3.84) 5

No rank ................................................... 9.3 16.5 12.8 (1.07) 2.4 (0.20) 1.0 (0.30) 1.6 (1.20) 2.3 (0.80) 1.4 (0.81) 1.2 (0.39) 1.2 (0.32) 

Base salary

Under $10,000 ........................................ 280.5 256.2 340.5 (3.17) 64.2 (0.60) 43.7 (2.35) 54.7 (2.80) 65.1 (2.94) 59.3 (3.10) 66.0 (2.44) 71.8 (2.97) 6

$10,000 to 24,999................................... 68.1 112.4 140.8 (3.17) 26.6 (0.60) 29.3 (2.32) 27.5 (2.55) 24.7 (2.63) 30.3 (3.38) 26.3 (2.05) 21.4 (2.40) 2

$25,000 to 39,999................................... 15.8 26.3 27.5 (1.72) 5.2 (0.32) 12.2 (1.38) 7.7 (1.76) 5.7 (1.48) 4.8 (1.72) 4.9 (1.09) 4.4 (1.15) $40,000 to 54,999................................... 5.3 11.8 9.6 (0.74) 1.8 (0.14) 5.8 (1.05) 5.0 (1.18) 1.9 (0.70) 3.0 (1.00) 1.6 (0.44) 0.9 (0.31) 

$55,000 to 69,999................................... 2.2 4.2 4.7 (0.78) 0.9 (0.15) 3.0 (0.65) 2.0 (1.00) 1.4 (0.71) 1.0 (0.65) 0.9 (0.59) 0.8 (0.31) $70,000 to 84,999................................... 1.1 2.4 1.9 (0.35) 0.4 (0.07) 2.2 (0.57) 0.9 (0.55) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) $85,000 to 99,999................................... 0.9 # 1.5 (0.39) 0.3 (0.07) 1.0 (0.46) 1.0 (0.51) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

$100,000 or more ................................... 2.7 # 3.5 (0.53) 0.7 (0.10) 2.9 (0.63) 1.3 (0.72) ‡ (†) 1.2 (0.75) ‡ (†) 0.4 (0.27) 

Table 263. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of institution and selected characteristics: F

fall 2003—Continued

Selected characteristic 

Number 

(in thousands) 

Fall 2003

Total

Research Doctoral Comprehensive P

1992 1998 2003 Public Private Public Private Public Private 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 264. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, and selected characteristics: Fall 2003Selected characteristic

Number

(in thousands) Percent

White Black Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islande

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 

1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Full-time faculty and instructional staff

Number (in thousands) .................. 681.8 (0.05) † 338.4 (2.63) 209.3 (2.45) 19.5 (1.03) 18.5 (0.87) 13.4 (0.60) 10.4 (0.56) 43.2 (1.00) 19.0 

Percentage distribution................... † (†) 100.0 49.6 (0.39) 30.7 (0.36) 2.9 (0.15) 2.7 (0.13) 2.0 (0.09) 1.5 (0.08) 6.3 (0.15) 2.8 

Type and control

Public research ................................... 162.1 (0.85) 100.0 55.4 (0.67) 23.6 (0.59) 2.1 (0.27) 1.7 (0.19) 1.8 (0.16) 1.1 (0.15) 10.0 (0.47) 3.2 

Private research.................................. 63.5 (1.58) 100.0 54.7 (1.00) 22.9 (0.80) 2.2 (0.30) 2.7 (0.37) 2.1 (0.30) 1.4 (0.31) 8.9 (0.66) 3.9 Public doctoral .................................... 51.3 (0.76) 100.0 50.2 (1.48) 31.1 (1.22) 2.1 (0.44) 2.0 (0.30) 1.6 (0.20) 1.3 (0.27) 7.9 (1.27) 2.2 Private doctoral................................... 21.7 (0.79) 100.0 56.0 (2.39) 26.7 (1.94) 3.0 (0.70) 2.1 (0.42) 1.4 (0.49) 0.8 (0.38) 5.8 (1.06) 3.5 

Public comprehensive......................... 107.3 (2.98) 100.0 45.9 (1.03) 32.1 (0.98) 4.7 (0.64) 4.0 (0.42) 2.1 (0.20) 1.6 (0.19) 5.3 (0.40) 2.6 

Private comprehensive ....................... 41.4 (1.59) 100.0 48.9 (2.00) 36.7 (1.93) 2.3 (0.53) 2.4 (0.44) 1.6 (0.31) 0.8 (0.22) 4.1 (0.65) 1.9 

Private liberal arts............................... 49.6 (1.80) 100.0 51.9 (1.20) 34.1 (0.99) 3.5 (0.56) 2.8 (0.36) 1.0 (0.20) 1.3 (0.27) 2.2 (0.28) 1.5 

Public 2-year ....................................... 114.6 (1.09) 100.0 40.8 (1.19) 40.1 (0.90) 3.1 (0.29) 3.8 (0.34) 3.0 (0.38) 2.7 (0.34) 2.2 (0.27) 2.1 Other................................................... 70.2 (3.36) 100.0 48.3 (1.65) 31.5 (1.20) 2.4 (0.59) 2.3 (0.59) 1.7 (0.36) 1.5 (0.29) 7.2 (0.87) 4.1 

Academic rank

Professor............................................. 194.4 (3.67) 100.0 65.5 (0.74) 20.3 (0.61) 2.6 (0.27) 1.1 (0.21) 1.8 (0.13) 0.8 (0.13) 5.7 (0.42) 1.1 

Associate professor ............................ 149.6 (2.56) 100.0 51.6 (0.98) 28.4 (0.78) 3.1 (0.42) 2.4 (0.26) 1.7 (0.19) 1.3 (0.15) 7.0 (0.52) 2.9 Assistant professor ............................. 158.1 (2.81) 100.0 41.0 (0.83) 33.6 (0.81) 3.1 (0.37) 3.8 (0.38) 2.3 (0.22) 1.9 (0.15) 8.7 (0.49) 4.3 

Instructor............................................. 82.7 (2.85) 100.0 38.2 (1.23) 41.2 (1.09) 3.2 (0.56) 4.4 (0.57) 2.5 (0.37) 2.3 (0.31) 3.1 (0.44) 3.1 

Lecturer............................................... 21.9 (1.48) 100.0 36.7 (2.59) 43.9 (2.21) 2.9 (0.91) 3.0 (0.91) 1.3 (0.38) 3.8 (0.77) 2.4 (0.89) 4.0 Other................................................... 56.5 (2.15) 100.0 38.8 (1.51) 39.8 (1.37) 2.5 (0.54) 3.9 (0.56) 1.7 (0.22) 2.2 (0.35) 7.0 (0.98) 2.8 No rank ............................................... 18.6 (1.28) 100.0 40.2 (2.37) 43.0 (2.45) 1.5 (0.52) 2.0 (0.83) 2.3 (0.75) 0.7 (0.24) 4.5 (1.17) 3.8 

Age

Under 35 ............................................. 59.1 (1.77) 100.0 39.4 (1.31) 33.4 (1.36) 2.9 (0.53) 4.7 (0.62) 2.5 (0.40) 2.8 (0.41) 8.9 (0.85) 4.2 

35 to 44............................................... 169.8 (2.78) 100.0 43.7 (0.96) 30.2 (0.82) 2.7 (0.31) 3.4 (0.36) 2.8 (0.25) 1.8 (0.18) 9.3 (0.45) 5.0 45 to 54............................................... 219.7 (3.28) 100.0 47.0 (0.86) 34.4 (0.79) 3.1 (0.28) 2.6 (0.22) 1.8 (0.17) 1.6 (0.18) 5.7 (0.32) 2.2 55 to 64............................................... 190.0 (3.10) 100.0 57.1 (0.74) 28.7 (0.59) 2.8 (0.26) 1.9 (0.17) 1.4 (0.12) 1.1 (0.13) 4.1 (0.36) 1.4 65 to 69............................................... 31.8 (1.43) 100.0 67.6 (2.05) 20.2 (1.82) 1.7 (0.50) 2.0 (0.61) 1.6 (0.44) 0.4 (0.19) 4.5 (0.94) 1.1 70 or older........................................... 11.5 (0.67) 100.0 69.0 (3.16) 15.7 (2.71) 5.4 (1.54) 1.6 (0.93) 0.7 (0.43) ‡ (†) 3.8 (1.40) ‡ 

Base salary

Under $10,000 .................................... 4.4 (0.49) 100.0 39.7 (5.71) 34.2 (5.09) 5.8 (0.92) 4.5 (2.39) 0.6 (0.48) 4.4 (1.96) 7.8 (3.27) 2.9 

$10,000 to 24,999............................... 19.0 (1.03) 100.0 43.2 (2.61) 34.8 (2.40) 1.3 (0.37) 3.2 (0.89) 2.1 (0.61) 2.4 (0.60) 6.5 (1.23) 4.6 

$25,000 to 39,999............................... 79.7 (2.90) 100.0 36.0 (1.21) 44.5 (1.25) 2.9 (0.55) 3.7 (0.46) 1.8 (0.29) 2.1 (0.28) 3.8 (0.68) 3.6 

$40,000 to 54,999............................... 192.4 (3.09) 100.0 42.2 (0.95) 38.2 (0.79) 2.7 (0.27) 3.7 (0.37) 1.9 (0.18) 1.8 (0.14) 5.0 (0.43) 2.6 

$55,000 to 69,999............................... 147.7 (3.54) 100.0 48.7 (0.88) 31.9 (0.80) 3.1 (0.35) 2.5 (0.28) 2.0 (0.25) 1.6 (0.21) 6.0 (0.43) 2.6 $70,000 to 84,999............................... 94.8 (2.19) 100.0 55.8 (1.29) 24.2 (1.14) 2.9 (0.39) 1.7 (0.40) 2.4 (0.34) 1.0 (0.20) 8.1 (0.67) 2.6 $85,000 to 99,999............................... 50.7 (1.98) 100.0 61.9 (1.58) 18.5 (1.03) 3.8 (0.69) 1.5 (0.38) 1.5 (0.41) 1.0 (0.28) 8.3 (1.06) 2.5 $100,000 or more ............................... 93.1 (2.29) 100.0 66.9 (0.99) 13.7 (0.74) 2.4 (0.38) 1.6 (0.33) 2.1 (0.29) 0.8 (0.17) 9.0 (0.80) 2.8 

Total household income

Under $10,000 .................................... ‡ (†) 100.0 ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ 

$10,000 to 24,999............................... 3.0 (0.33) 100.0 42.0 (6.54) 29.3 (6.12) 1.4 (1.13) 2.5 (1.38) ‡ (†) 2.7 (1.60) 9.8 (3.74) 8.7 

$25,000 to 39,999............................... 20.1 (1.13) 100.0 36.5 (2.68) 39.0 (2.28) 3.3 (1.56) 4.5 (0.97) 1.5 (0.43) 2.5 (0.62) 7.3 (1.56) 3.8 $40,000 to 54,999............................... 55.0 (1.76) 100.0 39.8 (1.66) 38.4 (1.42) 2.9 (0.59) 4.2 (0.59) 2.5 (0.35) 1.9 (0.29) 6.2 (0.80) 2.5 $55,000 to 69,999............................... 86.2 (1.56) 100.0 43.1 (1.23) 34.2 (1.21) 4.1 (0.50) 4.4 (0.42) 2.1 (0.29) 1.9 (0.29) 5.6 (0.56) 2.5 $70,000 to 84,999............................... 75.2 (2.19) 100.0 50.6 (1.20) 31.2 (1.11) 2.4 (0.40) 2.8 (0.45) 1.9 (0.26) 1.3 (0.17) 6.3 (0.59) 2.1 $85,000 to 99,999............................... 95.0 (2.16) 100.0 46.7 (1.15) 32.5 (0.83) 2.8 (0.39) 3.0 (0.58) 2.7 (0.32) 1.6 (0.24) 7.0 (0.81) 2.5 $100,000 or more ............................... 347.3 (3.57) 100.0 50.9 (0.52) 27.5 (0.52) 2.6 (0.18) 1.9 (0.16) 1.7 (0.14) 1.3 (0.11) 6.3 (0.29) 3.0 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisulty (NSOPF:04). (This table was prepared January 2009.)

Part-time faculty

and instructional staff

Number (in thousands) ................... 530.0 (0.02) † 235.5 (2.44) 216.1 (2.87) 13.8 (0.91) 15.9 (0.75) 10.2 (0.61) 8.5 (0.56) 10.9 (0.82) 9.4 

Percentage distribution.................... ‡ (†) 100.0 44.4 (0.46) 40.8 (0.54) 2.6 (0.17) 3.0 (0.14) 1.9 (0.12) 1.6 (0.10) 2.1 (0.15) 1.8 

Type and control

Public research ................................... 39.7 (0.78) 100.0 41.7 (1.93) 40.7 (2.12) 1.1 (0.37) 1.6 (0.60) 1.5 (0.40) 1.7 (0.43) 4.5 (1.03) 5.4 

Private research.................................. 23.2 (0.96) 100.0 51.1 (2.51) 34.7 (2.29) 2.7 (1.00) 1.4 (0.57) 1.5 (0.62) 0.9 (0.51) 3.6 (1.07) 2.8 Public doctoral .................................... 20.8 (0.82) 100.0 44.3 (2.27) 43.6 (2.39) 1.4 (0.85) 1.0 (0.47) 1.9 (0.68) 2.2 (0.61) 2.6 (0.86) 1.9 

Private doctoral................................... 15.4 (0.83) 100.0 51.7 (3.99) 37.3 (3.60) 1.7 (0.77) 1.1 (0.55) 1.6 (0.64) 1.2 (0.36) 3.4 (1.06) 1.4 Public comprehensive......................... 60.3 (2.49) 100.0 43.1 (1.34) 44.1 (2.18) 2.3 (0.74) 2.4 (0.79) 1.6 (0.31) 1.5 (0.32) 2.0 (0.38) 1.3 

Private comprehensive ....................... 53.5 (2.17) 100.0 49.1 (1.43) 41.9 (1.56) 1.7 (0.34) 1.1 (0.21) 1.0 (0.19) 1.4 (0.26) 1.1 (0.54) 0.8 

Private liberal arts............................... 28.4 (2.19) 100.0 44.2 (1.98) 42.0 (2.14) 2.5 (0.85) 5.6 (1.24) 1.1 (0.42) 1.0 (0.35) 1.7 (0.61) 1.1 

Public 2-year ....................................... 230.1 (2.00) 100.0 42.8 (0.70) 41.0 (0.67) 2.9 (0.22) 4.0 (0.18) 2.4 (0.20) 2.0 (0.19) 1.5 (0.18) 1.4 

Other................................................... 58.7 (3.38) 100.0 45.7 (1.83) 37.3 (2.14) 4.2 (0.79) 3.0 (0.74) 2.2 (0.53) 0.8 (0.22) 2.4 (0.75) 2.4 

Academic rank

Professor............................................. 23.3 (1.58) 100.0 59.3 (2.83) 25.0 (2.60) 4.0 (1.17) 2.6 (0.84) 0.6 (0.35) 1.0 (0.41) 3.6 (0.96) ‡ 

Associate professor ............................ 14.6 (1.18) 100.0 43.7 (4.03) 39.5 (3.88) 2.8 (0.84) 2.0 (1.02) 1.8 (0.92) 1.4 (0.49) 6.3 (2.27) 1.6 Assistant professor ............................. 19.8 (1.53) 100.0 38.8 (3.39) 42.7 (3.37) 2.8 (1.19) 2.5 (1.23) 1.3 (0.68) 1.0 (0.42) 4.8 (1.65) 6.0 

Instructor............................................. 187.7 (4.42) 100.0 41.5 (1.09) 43.9 (1.11) 2.5 (0.30) 3.4 (0.25) 2.2 (0.24) 1.7 (0.22) 1.6 (0.25) 1.6 

Lecturer............................................... 40.9 (2.15) 100.0 41.4 (2.05) 40.1 (1.96) 2.7 (0.63) 2.1 (0.77) 2.1 (0.45) 1.7 (0.42) 3.7 (0.80) 4.2 Other................................................... 230.9 (4.51) 100.0 46.5 (1.01) 39.9 (1.04) 2.5 (0.29) 3.1 (0.28) 1.8 (0.23) 1.5 (0.17) 1.5 (0.22) 1.3 No rank ............................................... 12.8 (1.07) 100.0 43.8 (3.52) 39.8 (4.63) 2.4 (1.26) 0.9 (0.43) 2.8 (1.31) 3.5 (1.34) 2.0 (0.94) 1.8 

Age

Under 35 ............................................. 66.2 (2.30) 100.0 35.3 (1.73) 43.1 (2.04) 3.2 (0.63) 4.3 (0.53) 3.0 (0.49) 3.0 (0.35) 2.4 (0.52) 3.6 

35 to 44............................................... 115.6 (3.03) 100.0 40.7 (1.42) 41.5 (1.41) 2.6 (0.39) 3.0 (0.33) 2.5 (0.30) 2.4 (0.32) 2.6 (0.37) 2.9 45 to 54............................................... 159.3 (3.22) 100.0 41.7 (1.13) 44.0 (1.17) 2.9 (0.34) 3.2 (0.33) 1.6 (0.24) 1.5 (0.19) 2.1 (0.35) 1.3 55 to 64............................................... 128.6 (3.31) 100.0 48.2 (1.09) 40.4 (1.06) 2.1 (0.35) 2.8 (0.35) 1.3 (0.30) 0.6 (0.10) 1.6 (0.32) 0.9 65 to 69............................................... 33.5 (1.81) 100.0 62.8 (3.10) 27.6 (2.83) 2.3 (0.81) 0.9 (0.32) 1.6 (0.54) 1.3 (0.55) 1.3 (0.52) ‡ 70 or older........................................... 26.8 (1.83) 100.0 58.3 (2.99) 30.7 (3.32) 2.4 (0.79) 1.6 (0.70) 2.5 (0.87) ‡ (†) 2.1 (0.65) 0.8 

Base salary

Under $10,000 .................................... 340.5 (3.17) 100.0 45.4 (0.68) 39.9 (0.77) 2.6 (0.23) 3.5 (0.23) 1.9 (0.17) 1.6 (0.12) 1.6 (0.17) 1.4 

$10,000 to 24,999............................... 140.8 (3.17) 100.0 41.3 (1.36) 43.6 (1.50) 2.8 (0.38) 2.3 (0.25) 2.1 (0.26) 1.8 (0.24) 2.3 (0.40) 2.4 

$25,000 to 39,999............................... 27.5 (1.72) 100.0 47.3 (3.06) 38.8 (2.72) 3.3 (0.83) 1.6 (0.98) 1.2 (0.58) 1.6 (0.55) 3.2 (1.02) 1.9 

$40,000 to 54,999............................... 9.6 (0.74) 100.0 48.2 (4.55) 34.0 (4.33) 0.7 (0.40) 1.4 (0.68) 3.2 (1.19) ‡ (†) 6.2 (2.60) 3.8 $55,000 to 69,999............................... 4.7 (0.78) 100.0 45.5 (6.46) 40.4 (6.35) 1.2 (0.72) 3.8 (2.18) ‡ (†) 2.2 (1.08) ‡ (†) 5.1 

$70,000 to 84,999............................... 1.9 (0.35) 100.0 39.0 (11.51) 43.0 (10.25) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 5.6 $85,000 to 99,999............................... 1.5 (0.39) 100.0 33.4 (13.01) 51.7 (13.73) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ $100,000 or more ............................... 3.5 (0.53) 100.0 47.4 (7.01) 37.1 (5.35) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 10.8 (5.15) ‡ 

Total household income

Under $10,000 .................................... 1.3 (0.37) 100.0 25.7 (13.36) 46.4 (14.12) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 6.5 (5.17) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ $10,000 to 24,999............................... 28.5 (1.93) 100.0 36.5 (3.33) 42.5 (3.42) 2.0 (0.71) 4.0 (0.80) 1.7 (0.53) 2.4 (0.55) 1.6 (0.76) 3.5 $25,000 to 39,999............................... 47.7 (1.92) 100.0 35.5 (2.27) 46.5 (2.32) 3.4 (0.58) 3.9 (0.66) 2.2 (0.44) 1.8 (0.47) 1.7 (0.55) 2.9 $40,000 to 54,999............................... 55.7 (2.52) 100.0 38.1 (2.05) 46.2 (2.35) 3.2 (0.71) 3.4 (0.52) 3.1 (0.67) 2.5 (0.60) 1.1 (0.40) 1.1 $55,000 to 69,999............................... 87.2 (2.95) 100.0 41.1 (1.50) 43.0 (1.48) 1.9 (0.38) 4.1 (0.38) 1.7 (0.37) 2.5 (0.35) 2.1 (0.42) 1.6 $70,000 to 84,999............................... 58.1 (2.66) 100.0 44.7 (2.15) 41.2 (2.38) 2.3 (0.44) 2.3 (0.57) 2.3 (0.41) 1.3 (0.34) 1.4 (0.41) 2.0 $85,000 to 99,999............................... 66.4 (2.39) 100.0 48.6 (1.85) 38.4 (1.81) 2.4 (0.59) 3.1 (0.52) 1.8 (0.37) 1.2 (0.34) 1.9 (0.49) 1.3 $100,000 or more ............................... 185.1 (3.59) 100.0 34.9 (0.68) 37.0 (0.91) 2.8 (0.32) 2.1 (0.26) 1.5 (0.21) 1.0 (0.17) 2.8 (0.34) 1.6 

Table 264. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, and selected characteristics: Fall 2003—CSelected characteristic

Number

(in thousands) Percent

White Black Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islande

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 265. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by field and faculty characteristics: Fall 1992, fall 1998, and fall 2Selected characteristic

Number 

(in thousands) Fall 2003

1992 1998 2003 All fields

Agriculture

and home

economics Business Education Engineering Fine arts Health Humanities1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Full-time faculty and 

instructional staff

Number (in thousands) ... 528 560 682 (#) 681.8 (0.05) 16.9 (0.80) 43.2 (1.40) 50.9 (1.89) 33.4 (1.32) 43.3 (1.68) 93.9 (2.67) 58.8 (1.82) 

Percentage distribution.... † † † (†) 100.0 (†) 2.5 (0.12) 6.3 (0.21) 7.5 (0.28) 4.9 (0.19) 6.3 (0.25) 13.8 (0.39) 8.6 (0.27) 

Percentage distribution of full-time faculty and instructional staff

Total................................ 528 560 682 (#) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 

Sex

Male .................................... 353 357 420 (—) 61.7 (0.35) 64.6 (2.88) 68.5 (1.61) 39.3 (1.57) 91.5 (1.06) 61.9 (1.38) 46.7 (1.32) 45.3 (1.47) 

Female................................ 176 203 261 (—) 38.3 (0.35) 35.4 (2.88) 31.5 (1.61) 60.7 (1.57) 8.5 (1.06) 38.1 (1.38) 53.3 (1.32) 54.7 (1.47) 

Race/ethnicity

White................................... 457 477 548 (—) 80.3 (0.27) 87.8 (1.61) 79.5 (1.51) 80.5 (1.26) 70.9 (1.85) 86.4 (1.24) 79.7 (0.84) 80.7 (1.31) Black ................................... 27 28 38 (—) 5.6 (0.17) 2.3 (0.76) 4.5 (0.79) 7.8 (1.01) 5.4 (0.99) 6.0 (0.88) 5.0 (0.50) 5.6 (0.58) 

Hispanic .............................. 14 19 24 (—) 3.5 (0.10) 2.5 (0.76) 2.3 (0.51) 4.7 (0.63) 2.6 (0.47) 3.3 (0.75) 3.0 (0.32) 6.7 (0.53) Asian/Pacific Islander.......... 28 33 62 (—) 9.1 (0.16) 6.4 (1.34) 12.2 (1.22) 4.8 (0.70) 20.1 (1.64) 2.9 (0.74) 10.7 (0.79) 5.2 (0.94) 

American Indian/Alaska 

Native............................ 3 4 10 (—) 1.5 (0.11) 1.0 (0.49) 1.6 (0.37) 2.2 (0.40) 1.0 (0.57) 1.4 (0.38) 1.6 (0.33) 1.8 (0.35) 

Age

Under 30 ............................. 8 9 12 (—) 1.7 (0.13) 2.0 (0.67) 0.7 (0.31) 2.6 (0.78) 1.6 (0.48) 1.6 (0.45) 1.1 (0.26) 1.8 (0.33) 

30 to 34............................... 35 32 47 (—) 6.9 (0.21) 5.6 (1.27) 4.0 (0.71) 6.8 (0.83) 7.0 (0.99) 6.2 (0.84) 6.3 (0.60) 8.2 (0.74) 35 to 39............................... 67 60 77 (—) 11.3 (0.29) 7.5 (1.19) 11.0 (1.15) 7.6 (0.95) 11.3 (1.18) 10.5 (1.20) 13.1 (0.88) 10.9 (0.88) 

40 to 44............................... 90 82 93 (—) 13.6 (0.31) 13.3 (1.63) 11.8 (1.43) 9.9 (1.03) 15.0 (1.21) 12.3 (1.75) 15.0 (0.91) 13.6 (1.15) 

45 to 49............................... 98 97 105 (—) 15.4 (0.32) 15.4 (1.84) 17.9 (1.51) 12.7 (1.04) 17.1 (1.70) 18.0 (1.42) 17.3 (0.95) 14.8 (1.24) 

50 to 54............................... 95 105 114 (—) 16.8 (0.34) 25.3 (2.31) 19.0 (1.30) 17.6 (1.27) 15.2 (1.61) 18.5 (1.38) 19.9 (1.03) 14.1 (1.04) 55 to 59............................... 67 90 112 (—) 16.4 (0.37) 16.8 (1.83) 18.8 (1.32) 21.9 (1.43) 15.1 (2.32) 16.8 (1.58) 15.4 (0.80) 16.6 (1.07) 60 to 64............................... 45 55 78 (—) 11.5 (0.31) 10.4 (1.61) 10.9 (1.11) 13.7 (1.27) 10.3 (1.33) 11.4 (1.12) 7.8 (0.62) 12.9 (1.07) 65 or older........................... 24 31 43 (—) 6.3 (0.23) 3.7 (1.20) 5.9 (0.74) 7.2 (0.74) 7.5 (1.09) 4.7 (0.82) 4.1 (0.51) 7.0 (0.81) 

Highest degree

Less than bachelor’s ........... 6 7 10 (—) 1.5 (0.12) 1.0 (0.68) 0.2 (0.12) 1.7 (0.74) 2.6 (0.77) 1.4 (0.46) 1.7 (0.31) 0.2 (0.12) 

Bachelor’s ........................... 21 23 29 (—) 4.3 (0.24) 6.4 (1.71) 4.0 (0.80) 4.0 (0.64) 6.5 (1.22) 9.1 (1.10) 5.5 (0.69) 1.1 (0.31) 

Master’s .............................. 156 156 180 (—) 26.4 (0.39) 29.2 (2.18) 31.8 (1.69) 35.5 (1.37) 13.2 (1.64) 53.9 (1.82) 22.9 (1.16) 35.1 (1.42) 

First-professional ................ 58 52 56 (—) 8.2 (0.30) ‡ (†) 2.1 (0.45) 1.1 (0.35) 0.5 (0.30) 1.1 (0.41) 41.1 (1.32) 0.4 (0.18) 

Doctor’s............................... 284 324 407 (—) 59.6 (0.48) 63.0 (2.74) 61.9 (1.73) 57.7 (1.53) 77.1 (2.08) 34.6 (1.96) 28.9 (1.06) 63.2 (1.43) 

Academic rank

Professor............................. 161 172 194 (3.67) 28.5 (0.54) 33.0 (2.71) 29.1 (1.66) 21.9 (1.41) 37.6 (1.69) 28.4 (1.85) 20.1 (0.93) 26.2 (1.46) 

Associate professor ............ 124 132 150 (2.56) 21.9 (0.37) 21.0 (2.55) 22.6 (1.32) 17.6 (1.07) 25.3 (1.77) 23.7 (1.64) 23.5 (0.96) 20.0 (1.27) 

Assistant professor ............. 124 125 158 (2.81) 23.2 (0.41) 19.2 (1.79) 23.4 (1.51) 23.8 (1.56) 19.6 (1.67) 23.2 (1.75) 32.2 (1.12) 21.7 (1.30) 

Instructor............................. 74 75 83 (2.85) 12.1 (0.42) 9.9 (1.60) 13.4 (1.37) 12.6 (1.18) 9.1 (1.39) 9.7 (1.01) 15.3 (0.90) 14.9 (1.17) 

Lecturer............................... 12 14 22 (1.48) 3.2 (0.22) 3.4 (1.50) 3.6 (0.68) 3.0 (0.60) 2.0 (0.52) 4.3 (0.64) 1.9 (0.37) 7.9 (0.78) 

Other................................... 17 26 57 (2.15) 8.3 (0.32) 11.8 (2.16) 4.9 (0.64) 18.2 (1.57) 5.4 (0.82) 7.1 (1.03) 5.5 (0.50) 5.7 (0.69) 

No rank ............................... 17 16 19 (1.28) 2.7 (0.19) 1.8 (1.37) 3.0 (0.68) 2.9 (1.05) 0.9 (0.38) 3.6 (1.24) 1.5 (0.27) 3.6 (0.67) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable. #Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.1Excludes history and philosophy.2Excludes computer sciences.3Includes history.

4Includes philosophy, law, occupationally specific programs, computer sciencNOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and grams. Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of vexclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because odard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StaPostsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:93;99;04). (This table was prepared January 

Part-time faculty and 

instructional staff

Number (in thousands) ... 377 416 530 (#) 530.0 (0.02) 7.3 (0.97) 44.9 (2.98) 63.5 (2.57) 14.0 (1.49) 47.8 (3.65) 57.8 (3.06) 58.9 (2.05) 

Percentage distribution.... † † † (†) 100.0 (†) 1.4 (0.18) 8.5 (0.56) 12.0 (0.48) 2.7 (0.28) 9.0 (0.69) 10.9 (0.58) 11.1 (0.39) 

Percentage distribution of part-time faculty and instructional staff

Total................................ 377 416 530 (#) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 

Sex

Male .................................... 209 217 276 (—) 52.1 (0.45) 32.0 (6.05) 69.6 (1.89) 29.1 (1.71) 90.8 (2.68) 51.4 (2.26) 34.5 (1.60) 31.6 (1.86) 

Female................................ 168 199 254 (—) 47.9 (0.45) 68.0 (6.05) 30.4 (1.89) 70.9 (1.71) 9.2 (2.68) 48.6 (2.26) 65.5 (1.60) 68.4 (1.86) 

Race/ethnicity

White................................... 333 364 452 (—) 85.2 (0.38) 91.4 (3.66) 86.8 (1.54) 85.1 (1.34) 85.4 (2.89) 88.7 (1.22) 85.0 (1.14) 83.0 (1.14) Black ................................... 18 19 30 (—) 5.6 (0.20) 2.7 (1.61) 6.7 (0.96) 6.6 (0.98) 2.0 (1.26) 3.0 (0.70) 5.2 (0.68) 5.0 (0.71) 

Hispanic .............................. 11 16 19 (—) 3.5 (0.13) ‡ (†) 2.2 (0.79) 5.1 (0.71) 2.6 (0.64) 2.7 (0.52) 2.2 (0.47) 6.5 (0.81) 

Asian/Pacific Islander.......... 12 13 20 (—) 3.8 (0.22) ‡ (†) 3.0 (0.80) 1.6 (0.43) 8.4 (2.11) 2.9 (0.70) 6.5 (1.17) 4.2 (0.71) American Indian/Alaska 

Native............................ 2 4 10 (—) 1.8 (0.22) ‡ (†) 1.4 (0.54) 1.5 (0.37) 1.6 (1.03) 2.8 (0.84) 1.0 (0.35) 1.3 (0.38) 

Age

Under 30 ............................. 20 15 23 (—) 4.3 (0.30) 6.4 (2.51) 2.3 (0.70) 2.7 (0.64) 2.8 (1.78) 4.4 (0.79) 3.7 (0.72) 5.7 (0.95) 

30 to 34............................... 36 37 43 (—) 8.2 (0.38) 7.7 (2.78) 6.7 (1.28) 7.0 (1.03) 1.8 (0.99) 9.4 (1.24) 8.9 (1.01) 10.0 (1.01) 35 to 39............................... 59 47 55 (—) 10.3 (0.48) 5.5 (1.97) 9.6 (1.49) 8.7 (1.21) 10.7 (3.34) 11.7 (1.38) 9.5 (1.34) 8.7 (1.07) 

40 to 44............................... 70 60 61 (—) 11.5 (0.44) 6.3 (2.79) 10.5 (1.35) 7.9 (0.88) 15.6 (3.25) 12.0 (1.13) 14.9 (1.54) 9.2 (0.91) 

45 to 49............................... 68 72 76 (—) 14.4 (0.48) 17.4 (5.26) 13.1 (1.45) 11.7 (1.12) 11.4 (3.50) 16.4 (1.68) 19.7 (1.56) 14.3 (1.65) 

50 to 54............................... 45 70 83 (—) 15.6 (0.42) 16.4 (4.15) 16.3 (1.42) 17.4 (1.41) 22.3 (3.60) 18.4 (1.76) 15.9 (1.55) 14.1 (1.35) 

55 to 59............................... 29 47 77 (—) 14.5 (0.48) 17.6 (4.45) 17.9 (2.01) 15.5 (1.58) 11.7 (2.89) 14.6 (1.78) 11.5 (1.27) 13.8 (1.46) 60 to 64............................... 23 29 52 (—) 9.7 (0.50) 18.0 (5.10) 11.5 (1.25) 13.1 (1.26) 6.5 (1.96) 5.7 (1.05) 6.7 (1.13) 12.7 (1.42) 

65 or older........................... 27 38 60 (—) 11.4 (0.46) 4.7 (2.09) 12.2 (1.65) 15.8 (1.26) 17.2 (3.46) 7.4 (1.33) 9.3 (1.22) 11.6 (1.50) 

Highest degree

Less than bachelor’s ........... 17 20 41 (—) 7.8 (0.59) 5.5 (2.53) 1.8 (0.79) 3.7 (0.96) 17.1 (4.44) 9.1 (1.42) 17.3 (1.86) 1.1 (0.57) 

Bachelor’s ........................... 63 59 84 (—) 15.8 (0.55) 26.7 (5.80) 13.9 (1.84) 12.0 (1.25) 17.9 (3.50) 28.2 (2.09) 16.2 (1.61) 12.9 (1.65) 

Master’s .............................. 190 225 273 (—) 51.5 (0.80) 50.3 (6.09) 66.5 (2.34) 63.0 (1.84) 32.3 (4.61) 54.7 (2.95) 30.2 (1.86) 70.2 (2.33) First-professional ................ 40 36 39 (—) 7.3 (0.39) 2.0 (1.63) 6.3 (1.10) 1.9 (0.45) ‡ (†) 0.9 (0.39) 25.2 (2.12) 2.3 (0.55) 

Doctor’s............................... 59 76 94 (—) 17.6 (0.60) 15.5 (4.57) 11.5 (1.48) 19.4 (1.61) 31.2 (4.13) 7.1 (1.39) 11.1 (1.28) 13.4 (1.80) 

Academic rank

Professor............................. 32 30 23 (1.6) 4.4 (0.30) 8.9 (4.03) 4.6 (1.06) 3.4 (0.55) 5.9 (2.27) 3.9 (1.05) 5.4 (0.84) 3.5 (0.75) 

Associate professor ............ 23 19 15 (1.2) 2.8 (0.22) ‡ (†) 2.3 (0.74) 1.9 (0.47) 5.7 (2.24) 3.7 (0.92) 5.4 (0.89) 1.6 (0.35) 

Assistant professor ............. 24 23 20 (1.5) 3.7 (0.29) 2.8 (1.76) 1.5 (0.55) 2.0 (0.50) 3.3 (1.97) 3.6 (0.86) 15.1 (1.64) 1.7 (0.64) 

Instructor............................. 215 205 188 (4.4) 35.4 (0.83) 39.9 (5.70) 29.2 (2.00) 37.0 (2.11) 25.3 (4.10) 33.6 (2.12) 36.5 (2.40) 42.9 (2.29) 

Lecturer............................... 45 46 41 (2.1) 7.7 (0.41) 14.8 (4.39) 7.6 (1.52) 6.8 (0.97) 9.3 (2.49) 9.7 (1.16) 4.7 (0.93) 11.2 (1.10) 

Other................................... 28 75 231 (4.5) 43.6 (0.85) 30.8 (5.98) 51.8 (2.46) 46.6 (1.78) 49.4 (5.02) 42.4 (3.00) 30.5 (1.88) 37.4 (2.23) 

No rank ............................... 9 16 13 (1.1) 2.4 (0.20) ‡ (†) 3.0 (0.75) 2.1 (0.59) ‡ (†) 3.2 (1.10) 2.4 (0.68) 1.7 (0.49) 

Table 265. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by field and faculty characteristics: Fall 1992, fall 1998, and fall 2Selected characteristic

Number 

(in thousands) Fall 2003

1992 1998 2003 All fields

Agriculture

and home

economics Business Education Engineering Fine arts Health Humanities1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 266. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, and program area: Fall 1998 and fall 2003Program area

Number (in thousands)

Percentage distribution, fall 2003

Total

White Black Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islan

1998 2003 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Full-time faculty and 

instructional staff .............. 560 (4.8) 682 (#) 100.0 49.6 (0.39) 30.7 (0.36) 2.9 (0.15) 2.7 (0.13) 2.0 (0.09) 1.5 (0.08) 6.3 (0.15) 2

Agriculture and home 

economics ........................... 10 (0.4) 17 (0.8) 100.0 58.9 (3.03) 28.9 (2.72) ‡ (†) 1.8 (0.73) 1.2 (0.46) 1.3 (0.52) 3.6 (1.13) 2

Business .................................... 39 (1.1) 43 (1.4) 100.0 53.2 (1.49) 26.2 (1.71) 2.5 (0.73) 2.0 (0.44) 1.8 (0.48) 0.5 (0.16) 9.7 (1.06) 2Communications........................ 10 (1.0) 16 (1.4) 100.0 48.1 (3.39) 38.7 (3.30) 2.0 (0.73) 3.3 (0.94) 1.9 (0.58) 1.5 (0.59) 1.9 (0.87) 0Education................................... 40 (1.4) 51 (1.9) 100.0 32.5 (1.49) 48.0 (1.64) 3.0 (0.60) 4.9 (0.64) 1.5 (0.34) 3.2 (0.52) 1.3 (0.43) 3

Teacher education.................. 14 (0.6) 18 (1.0) 100.0 31.1 (2.31) 54.4 (2.54) 2.1 (0.86) 5.2 (1.10) 0.4 (0.24) 3.1 (0.89) ‡ (†) 2Other education ..................... 26 (1.3) 33 (1.5) 100.0 33.3 (2.09) 44.4 (2.46) 3.4 (0.84) 4.7 (0.75) 2.2 (0.51) 3.2 (0.57) 1.9 (0.64) 4

Engineering ............................... 25 (0.9) 33 (1.3) 100.0 65.6 (1.93) 5.3 (0.90) 4.9 (0.84) 0.5 (0.26) 2.2 (0.42) 0.4 (0.17) 17.9 (1.61) 2

Fine arts .................................... 33 (1.4) 43 (1.7) 100.0 52.8 (1.68) 33.6 (1.36) 4.4 (0.83) 1.6 (0.34) 2.0 (0.59) 1.3 (0.44) 1.5 (0.42) 1Health sciences ......................... 84 (2.0) 94 (2.7) 100.0 36.2 (1.23) 43.5 (1.15) 1.6 (0.26) 3.4 (0.44) 1.6 (0.25) 1.4 (0.19) 6.6 (0.60) 4

First-professional ................... 40 (1.6) 45 (1.7) 100.0 53.9 (1.58) 20.1 (1.42) 2.2 (0.49) 2.5 (0.58) 2.2 (0.40) 1.3 (0.30) 10.6 (1.08) 5

Nursing .................................. 20 (0.6) 20 (1.2) 100.0 3.5 (0.86) 84.6 (2.21) ‡ (†) 5.3 (1.29) ‡ (†) 0.7 (0.27) ‡ (†) 3

Other health sciences ............ 24 (1.0) 29 (1.4) 100.0 31.0 (1.98) 52.0 (2.05) 1.5 (0.50) 3.6 (0.84) 1.6 (0.44) 1.9 (0.48) 4.8 (1.02) 2

Humanities................................. 81 (1.8) 90 (2.4) 100.0 47.3 (1.40) 35.0 (1.33) 2.4 (0.43) 2.6 (0.39) 2.2 (0.24) 2.9 (0.31) 2.9 (0.48) 2

English and literature ............. 40 (1.2) 39 (1.5) 100.0 38.8 (1.90) 46.0 (2.10) 2.1 (0.45) 4.5 (0.70) 1.3 (0.27) 1.9 (0.50) 0.8 (0.34) 2

Foreign languages ................. 15 (0.8) 20 (1.0) 100.0 36.2 (1.86) 36.7 (2.07) 2.7 (0.89) 0.9 (0.46) 5.1 (0.75) 8.3 (1.07) 4.0 (1.11) 4

History.................................... 14 (0.6) 18 (1.0) 100.0 59.4 (2.90) 23.0 (2.12) 2.7 (0.80) 2.4 (0.94) 1.9 (0.71) 1.2 (0.52) 5.0 (1.49) 3Philosophy ............................. 12 (0.8) 13 (1.0) 100.0 72.3 (3.55) 16.6 (2.33) 2.3 (1.11) ‡ (†) 1.0 (0.35) ‡ (†) 4.0 (1.49) 

Law ............................................ 8 (0.6) 10 (1.0) 100.0 54.5 (3.56) 29.9 (3.63) 3.3 (1.10) 4.0 (2.03) 0.9 (0.68) 2.4 (1.15) 2.8 (1.36) 2Natural sciences ........................ 111 (2.1) 151 (2.5) 100.0 57.3 (1.12) 20.3 (0.80) 2.5 (0.31) 1.5 (0.22) 2.0 (0.20) 0.9 (0.15) 11.2 (0.65) 3

Biological sciences ................ 40 (1.3) 59 (1.7) 100.0 55.4 (1.69) 21.6 (1.30) 2.2 (0.48) 1.2 (0.28) 1.9 (0.39) 1.2 (0.31) 11.1 (1.13) 4

Physical sciences................... 27 (0.8) 36 (1.3) 100.0 68.9 (2.03) 12.8 (1.50) 2.6 (0.59) 0.7 (0.31) 1.4 (0.29) 0.6 (0.19) 9.4 (1.05) 3

Mathematics .......................... 26 (1.0) 32 (1.3) 100.0 52.2 (2.15) 22.7 (1.84) 3.8 (0.67) 2.6 (0.67) 2.8 (0.67) 0.7 (0.28) 11.7 (1.41) 1Computer sciences ................ 17 (0.9) 24 (1.2) 100.0 51.0 (2.74) 25.1 (2.15) 1.5 (0.59) 2.0 (0.58) 2.3 (0.52) 0.9 (0.31) 13.5 (1.69) 2

Social sciences.......................... 58 (1.3) 70 (1.8) 100.0 52.2 (1.46) 29.0 (1.23) 3.7 (0.45) 4.1 (0.81) 2.6 (0.36) 1.7 (0.35) 3.4 (0.58) 1

Economics ............................. 9 (0.6) 12 (0.7) 100.0 62.3 (3.46) 18.0 (3.09) 3.5 (0.92) ‡ (†) 3.1 (1.13) ‡ (†) 8.9 (2.18) 3

Political science ..................... 8 (0.5) 10 (0.7) 100.0 67.1 (3.74) 16.8 (2.59) 2.8 (1.19) 3.2 (1.62) 5.1 (1.57) ‡ (†) 2.9 (1.31) 

Psychology ............................ 20 (0.7) 25 (1.1) 100.0 46.3 (2.33) 37.8 (2.16) 3.4 (1.01) 5.0 (1.99) 1.6 (0.42) 2.7 (0.70) 1.1 (0.49) 1

Sociology ............................... 9 (0.4) 9 (0.6) 100.0 49.9 (3.72) 30.1 (3.42) 3.9 (1.69) 8.0 (2.43) 3.0 (0.97) 1.4 (0.92) 1.1 (0.89) 1

Other social sciences............. 13 (0.6) 14 (0.9) 100.0 45.2 (3.59) 30.5 (3.09) 4.8 (1.33) 3.9 (1.28) 1.9 (0.80) 2.4 (0.71) 4.7 (1.50) 3

Occupationally specific 

programs ............................. 16 (0.8) 27 (1.1) 100.0 60.7 (2.47) 24.2 (2.16) 4.2 (1.16) 1.9 (0.55) 2.5 (0.63) 0.8 (0.26) 2.0 (0.92) 1

All other programs ..................... 44 (1.2) 29 (1.4) 100.0 42.0 (2.03) 37.4 (2.00) 4.7 (1.01) 6.0 (1.01) 1.7 (0.44) 1.7 (0.53) 3.2 (0.99) 2

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. #Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Race categories

exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because question. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisondary Faculty (NSOPF:99;04). (This table was prepared December 2008.)

Part-time faculty and 

instructional staff .............. 416 (5.9) 530 (#) 100.0 44.4 (0.46) 40.8 (0.54) 2.6 (0.17) 3.0 (0.14) 1.9 (0.12) 1.6 (0.10) 2.1 (0.15) 1

Agriculture and home 

economics ........................... 3 (0.2) 7 (1.0) 100.0 30.8 (6.24) 60.6 (6.30) ‡ (†) 2.1 (1.46) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Business .................................... 32 (1.8) 45 (3.0) 100.0 60.6 (1.96) 26.2 (1.73) 4.3 (0.70) 2.3 (0.54) 1.7 (0.77) 0.5 (0.28) 2.0 (0.69) 1Communications........................ 10 (1.0) 14 (1.2) 100.0 47.7 (3.71) 39.3 (3.89) 2.1 (0.97) 2.8 (0.95) 0.5 (0.36) 1.5 (0.99) ‡ (†) 0

Education................................... 34 (1.6) 64 (2.6) 100.0 25.3 (1.65) 59.8 (2.11) 1.4 (0.41) 5.2 (0.90) 1.7 (0.37) 3.4 (0.49) 0.4 (0.19) 1

Teacher education.................. 13 (1.0) 29 (1.8) 100.0 22.2 (2.41) 63.9 (2.84) 0.9 (0.35) 6.4 (1.17) 1.3 (0.41) 2.2 (0.52) ‡ (†) 0

Other education ..................... 20 (1.2) 34 (1.8) 100.0 27.9 (2.53) 56.4 (2.98) 1.9 (0.66) 4.1 (1.17) 2.0 (0.57) 4.5 (0.77) 0.5 (0.24) 1

Engineering ............................... 9 (0.8) 14 (1.5) 100.0 78.6 (3.70) 6.8 (2.77) 1.4 (1.22) ‡ (†) 1.7 (0.46) 0.9 (0.46) 8.0 (2.13) 

Fine arts .................................... 38 (1.5) 48 (3.6) 100.0 44.8 (2.06) 43.9 (2.44) 1.7 (0.54) 1.3 (0.34) 1.8 (0.49) 0.9 (0.25) 1.0 (0.36) 1Health sciences ......................... 49 (2.2) 58 (3.1) 100.0 27.9 (1.65) 57.1 (1.74) 1.2 (0.41) 4.0 (0.52) 0.8 (0.26) 1.4 (0.38) 4.0 (0.87) 2

First-professional ................... 15 (1.3) 17 (1.2) 100.0 47.2 (3.33) 34.7 (3.64) 2.0 (1.03) 2.1 (0.92) 1.2 (0.72) 0.9 (0.45) 6.4 (2.10) 5

Nursing .................................. 12 (0.8) 13 (1.3) 100.0 ‡ (†) 86.3 (2.04) ‡ (†) 8.0 (1.30) ‡ (†) 1.4 (0.56) ‡ (†) 1Other health sciences ............ 21 (1.7) 28 (2.0) 100.0 29.4 (2.86) 56.4 (3.07) 1.2 (0.66) 3.2 (0.76) 0.8 (0.32) 1.7 (0.70) 4.3 (1.23) 1

Humanities................................. 74 (2.1) 80 (2.5) 100.0 35.9 (1.52) 49.2 (1.61) 1.6 (0.35) 2.9 (0.45) 2.3 (0.35) 2.9 (0.44) 0.9 (0.30) 2

English and literature ............. 43 (1.4) 44 (1.9) 100.0 29.5 (2.31) 58.5 (2.47) 1.2 (0.33) 4.3 (0.78) 1.0 (0.35) 1.3 (0.37) 1.0 (0.41) 1

Foreign languages ................. 12 (1.2) 15 (1.2) 100.0 16.6 (3.57) 52.0 (3.38) 1.4 (0.83) 2.0 (0.80) 7.2 (1.50) 11.4 (1.97) ‡ (†) 7

History.................................... 11 (0.7) 11 (1.0) 100.0 61.1 (4.58) 28.9 (4.15) 1.5 (0.89) 0.5 (0.38) 2.5 (1.05) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1Philosophy ............................. 9 (0.6) 10 (1.2) 100.0 65.7 (4.20) 26.0 (4.60) 3.5 (1.71) 0.5 (0.28) 0.6 (0.46) ‡ (†) 1.8 (1.18) 

Law ............................................ 11 (0.8) 11 (1.2) 100.0 52.6 (4.43) 32.8 (4.18) 4.4 (1.41) 2.0 (0.82) 2.2 (1.05) ‡ (†) 3.5 (1.89) 

Natural sciences ........................ 65 (2.2) 90 (2.9) 100.0 50.5 (1.72) 32.4 (1.73) 3.8 (0.44) 2.7 (0.36) 1.9 (0.41) 0.7 (0.16) 4.2 (0.61) 2

Biological sciences ................ 11 (0.9) 16 (1.0) 100.0 41.7 (3.76) 40.1 (3.78) 2.2 (0.67) 2.1 (0.90) 1.0 (0.39) 1.0 (0.40) 5.6 (2.32) 5

Physical sciences................... 11 (0.8) 16 (1.1) 100.0 57.8 (3.30) 28.7 (3.42) 3.9 (1.37) 0.9 (0.52) 1.9 (1.05) 0.9 (0.41) 3.1 (1.06) 2

Mathematics .......................... 24 (1.4) 32 (2.3) 100.0 46.6 (3.20) 36.0 (3.04) 4.4 (0.78) 3.1 (0.83) 1.4 (0.48) 0.5 (0.24) 3.9 (0.85) 1

Computer sciences ................ 19 (1.2) 26 (1.7) 100.0 56.4 (2.98) 25.3 (2.64) 4.1 (1.03) 3.7 (0.60) 3.0 (0.93) 0.7 (0.39) 4.2 (1.10) 0

Social sciences.......................... 41 (2.4) 42 (2.0) 100.0 49.8 (1.85) 32.9 (2.09) 3.7 (0.68) 3.0 (0.66) 2.5 (0.65) 1.5 (0.31) 0.9 (0.48) 2

Economics ............................. 4 (0.5) 5 (0.8) 100.0 68.6 (7.36) 9.3 (4.08) 7.2 (3.52) ‡ (†) 7.0 (4.24) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Political science ..................... 4 (0.4) 5 (0.8) 100.0 71.1 (5.32) 11.9 (3.93) 5.7 (2.79) 1.7 (1.32) 3.9 (2.30) 1.0 (0.67) ‡ (†) 

Psychology ............................ 18 (2.1) 18 (1.2) 100.0 42.2 (3.36) 44.4 (3.12) 2.0 (0.76) 3.0 (0.91) 1.4 (0.64) 1.7 (0.58) ‡ (†) 0Sociology ............................... 6 (0.5) 7 (0.9) 100.0 44.6 (6.09) 30.7 (6.03) 4.0 (1.61) 4.1 (1.54) 1.7 (0.98) 1.6 (0.76) ‡ (†) Other social sciences............. 10 (0.9) 8 (0.8) 100.0 46.2 (4.24) 36.4 (4.19) 3.8 (2.28) 4.5 (1.85) 1.8 (1.04) 1.9 (0.83) ‡ (†) 2

Occupationally specific 

programs ............................. 17 (1.1) 37 (2.4) 100.0 68.2 (2.51) 18.6 (2.19) 4.5 (1.03) 1.8 (0.63) 4.0 (0.92) 0.6 (0.23) 0.6 (0.32) 0

All other programs ..................... 35 (1.6) 19 (1.2) 100.0 41.8 (3.30) 42.6 (2.95) 2.5 (0.81) 5.5 (1.46) 1.9 (0.58) 2.6 (0.90) 0.9 (0.75) 1

Table 266. Full-time and part-time faculty and instructional staff in degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity, sex, and program area: Fall 1998 and fall 2003—Program area

Number (in thousands)

Percentage distribution, fall 2003

Total

White Black Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islan

1998 2003 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 

1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 393

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 267. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by academic rank, control and 

type of institution, and sex: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2009–10

Sex and academic year All faculty

Academic rank Public institutions Private institutions

Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Instructor Lecturer No rank Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Current dollars

Total

1970–71........................... $12,710 $17,958 $13,563 $11,176 $9,360 $11,196 $12,333 $12,953 $13,121 $12,644 $11,619 $11,824 $8,664

1975–76........................... 16,659 22,649 17,065 13,986 13,672 12,906 15,196 16,942 17,400 15,820 15,921 16,116 10,901

1978–79........................... 19,820 26,470 20,047 16,374 13,193 15,281 18,725 20,179 20,722 18,844 18,807 19,010 12,496

1979–80........................... 21,348 28,388 21,451 17,465 14,023 16,122 20,262 21,798 22,349 20,429 20,105 20,318 13,250

1980–81........................... 23,302 30,753 23,214 18,901 15,178 17,301 22,334 23,745 24,373 22,177 22,093 22,325 15,065

1981–82........................... 25,449 33,437 25,278 20,608 16,450 18,756 24,331 25,886 26,591 24,193 24,255 24,509 15,926

1982–83........................... 27,196 35,540 26,921 22,056 17,601 20,072 25,557 27,488 28,293 25,567 26,393 26,691 16,595

1984–85........................... 30,447 39,743 29,945 24,668 20,230 22,334 27,683 30,646 31,764 27,864 29,910 30,247 18,510

1985–86........................... 32,392 42,268 31,787 26,277 20,918 23,770 29,088 32,750 34,033 29,590 31,402 31,732 19,436

1987–88........................... 35,897 47,040 35,231 29,110 22,728 25,977 31,532 36,231 37,840 32,209 35,049 35,346 21,867

1989–90........................... 40,133 52,810 39,392 32,689 25,030 28,990 34,559 40,416 42,365 35,516 39,464 39,817 24,601

1990–91........................... 42,165 55,540 41,414 34,434 26,332 30,097 36,395 42,317 44,510 37,055 41,788 42,224 24,088

1991–92........................... 43,851 57,433 42,929 35,745 30,916 30,456 37,783 43,641 45,638 38,959 44,376 44,793 25,673

1992–93........................... 44,714 58,788 43,945 36,625 28,499 30,543 37,771 44,197 46,515 38,935 45,985 46,427 26,105

1993–94........................... 46,364 60,649 45,278 37,630 28,828 32,729 40,584 45,920 48,019 41,040 47,465 47,880 28,435

1994–95........................... 47,811 62,709 46,713 38,756 29,665 33,198 41,227 47,432 49,738 42,101 48,741 49,379 25,613

1995–96........................... 49,309 64,540 47,966 39,696 30,344 34,136 42,996 48,837 51,172 43,295 50,466 50,819 31,915

1996–97........................... 50,829 66,659 49,307 40,687 31,193 34,962 44,200 50,303 52,718 44,584 52,112 52,443 32,628

1997–98........................... 52,335 68,731 50,828 41,830 32,449 35,484 45,268 51,638 54,114 45,919 54,039 54,379 33,592

1998–99........................... 54,097 71,322 52,576 43,348 33,819 36,819 46,250 53,319 55,948 47,285 55,981 56,284 34,821

1999–2000....................... 55,888 74,410 54,524 44,978 34,918 38,194 47,389 55,011 57,950 48,240 58,013 58,323 35,925

2001–02........................... 59,742 80,792 58,724 48,796 46,959 41,798 46,569 58,524 62,013 50,837 62,818 63,088 33,139

2002–03........................... 61,330 83,466 60,471 50,552 48,304 42,622 46,338 60,014 63,486 52,330 64,533 64,814 34,826

2003–04........................... 62,579 85,333 61,746 51,798 49,065 43,648 47,725 60,874 64,340 53,076 66,666 66,932 36,322

2004–05........................... 64,234 88,158 63,558 53,308 49,730 44,514 48,942 62,346 66,053 53,932 68,755 68,995 37,329

2005–06........................... 66,172 91,208 65,714 55,106 50,883 45,896 50,425 64,158 67,951 55,405 71,016 71,263 38,549

2006–07........................... 68,585 94,870 68,153 57,143 53,278 47,478 52,161 66,566 70,460 57,466 73,419 73,636 41,138

2007–08........................... 71,085 98,548 70,826 59,294 55,325 49,392 54,405 68,981 72,857 59,646 76,133 76,341 43,402

2008–09........................... 73,570 102,346 73,439 61,550 56,918 51,188 56,370 71,237 75,245 61,433 79,147 79,410 43,542

2009–10........................... 74,625 103,684 74,126 62,246 57,797 52,177 56,807 72,183 76,153 62,265 80,385 80,603 44,748

Males

1975–76........................... 17,414 22,902 17,209 14,174 14,430 13,579 15,761 17,661 18,121 16,339 16,784 16,946 11,378

1978–79........................... 20,777 26,727 20,221 16,602 13,441 15,927 19,400 21,080 21,628 19,475 19,935 20,086 13,048

1979–80........................... 22,394 28,672 21,651 17,720 14,323 16,932 20,901 22,789 23,350 21,131 21,317 21,472 13,938

1980–81........................... 24,499 31,082 23,451 19,227 15,545 18,281 23,170 24,873 25,509 22,965 23,493 23,669 16,075

1981–82........................... 26,796 33,799 25,553 21,025 16,906 19,721 25,276 27,149 27,864 25,085 25,849 26,037 16,834

1982–83........................... 28,664 35,956 27,262 22,586 18,160 21,225 26,541 28,851 29,661 26,524 28,159 28,380 17,346

1984–85........................... 32,182 40,269 30,392 25,330 21,159 23,557 28,670 32,240 33,344 28,891 32,028 32,278 19,460

1985–86........................... 34,294 42,833 32,273 27,094 21,693 25,238 30,267 34,528 35,786 30,758 33,656 33,900 20,412

1987–88........................... 38,112 47,735 35,823 30,086 23,645 27,652 32,747 38,314 39,898 33,477 37,603 37,817 22,641

1989–90........................... 42,763 53,650 40,131 33,781 25,933 31,162 35,980 42,959 44,834 37,081 42,312 42,595 25,218

1990–91........................... 45,065 56,549 42,239 35,636 27,388 32,398 38,036 45,084 47,168 38,787 45,019 45,319 25,937

1991–92........................... 46,848 58,494 43,814 36,969 33,359 32,843 39,422 46,483 48,401 40,811 47,733 48,042 26,825

1992–93........................... 47,866 59,972 44,855 37,842 29,583 32,512 39,365 47,175 49,392 40,725 49,518 49,837 27,402

1993–94........................... 49,579 61,857 46,229 38,794 29,815 34,796 42,251 48,956 50,989 42,938 51,076 51,397 30,783

1994–95........................... 51,228 64,046 47,705 39,923 30,528 35,082 43,103 50,629 52,874 44,020 52,653 53,036 29,639

1995–96........................... 52,814 65,949 49,037 40,858 30,940 36,135 44,624 52,163 54,448 45,209 54,364 54,649 33,301

1996–97........................... 54,465 68,214 50,457 41,864 31,738 36,932 45,688 53,737 56,162 46,393 56,185 56,453 34,736

1997–98........................... 56,115 70,468 52,041 43,017 33,070 37,481 46,822 55,191 57,744 47,690 58,293 58,576 36,157

1998–99........................... 58,048 73,260 53,830 44,650 34,741 38,976 47,610 57,038 59,805 48,961 60,392 60,641 38,040

1999–2000....................... 60,084 76,478 55,939 46,414 35,854 40,202 48,788 58,984 62,030 50,033 62,631 62,905 38,636

2001–02........................... 64,320 83,356 60,300 50,518 48,844 44,519 48,049 62,835 66,577 52,360 67,871 68,100 33,395

2002–03........................... 66,126 86,191 62,226 52,441 50,272 45,469 47,412 64,564 68,322 53,962 69,726 69,976 34,291

2003–04........................... 67,485 88,262 63,466 53,649 50,985 46,214 48,973 65,476 69,248 54,623 72,021 72,250 35,604

2004–05........................... 69,337 91,290 65,394 55,215 51,380 46,929 50,102 67,130 71,145 55,398 74,318 74,540 34,970

2005–06........................... 71,569 94,733 67,654 57,099 52,519 48,256 51,811 69,191 73,353 56,858 76,941 77,143 38,215

2006–07........................... 74,167 98,563 70,168 59,150 55,061 49,641 53,665 71,797 76,072 58,971 79,491 79,663 41,196

2007–08........................... 76,935 102,555 72,940 61,368 57,116 51,804 56,196 74,389 78,673 61,166 82,681 82,850 42,995

2008–09........................... 79,706 106,759 75,634 63,726 58,819 53,777 58,341 76,897 81,394 62,870 86,008 86,205 43,871

2009–10........................... 80,885 108,227 76,401 64,450 59,799 54,946 58,649 77,951 82,428 63,698 87,386 87,549 44,500

See notes at end of table.
394 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Females

1975–76........................... 14,308 20,308 16,364 13,522 12,572 11,901 14,094 14,762 14,758 14,769 13,030 13,231 10,201

1978–79........................... 17,080 24,143 19,300 15,914 12,966 14,465 17,482 17,646 17,627 17,676 15,388 15,611 11,898

1979–80........................... 18,396 25,910 20,642 16,974 13,750 15,142 19,069 19,042 18,985 19,134 16,539 16,787 12,541

1980–81........................... 19,996 27,959 22,295 18,302 14,854 16,168 20,843 20,673 20,608 20,778 18,073 18,326 13,892

1981–82........................... 21,802 30,438 24,271 19,866 16,054 17,676 22,672 22,524 22,454 22,632 19,743 20,024 14,984

1982–83........................... 23,261 32,221 25,738 21,130 17,102 18,830 23,855 23,892 23,876 23,917 21,451 21,785 15,845

1984–85........................... 25,941 35,824 28,517 23,575 19,362 21,004 26,050 26,566 26,813 26,172 24,186 24,560 17,575

1985–86........................... 27,576 38,252 30,300 24,966 20,237 22,273 27,171 28,299 28,680 27,693 25,523 25,889 18,504

1987–88........................... 30,499 42,371 33,528 27,600 21,962 24,370 29,605 31,215 31,820 30,228 28,621 28,946 21,215

1989–90........................... 34,183 47,663 37,469 31,090 24,320 26,995 32,528 34,796 35,704 33,307 32,650 33,010 24,002

1990–91........................... 35,881 49,728 39,329 32,724 25,534 28,111 34,179 36,459 37,573 34,720 34,359 34,898 22,585

1991–92........................... 37,534 51,621 40,766 34,063 28,873 28,550 35,622 37,800 38,634 36,517 36,828 37,309 24,683

1992–93........................... 38,385 52,755 41,861 35,032 27,700 28,922 35,792 38,356 39,470 36,710 38,460 38,987 25,068

1993–94........................... 40,058 54,746 43,178 36,169 28,136 31,048 38,474 40,118 41,031 38,707 39,902 40,378 26,142

1994–95........................... 41,369 56,555 44,626 37,352 29,072 31,677 38,967 41,548 42,663 39,812 40,908 41,815 22,851

1995–96........................... 42,871 58,318 45,803 38,345 29,940 32,584 41,085 42,871 43,986 41,086 42,871 43,236 30,671

1996–97........................... 44,325 60,160 47,101 39,350 30,819 33,415 42,474 44,306 45,402 42,531 44,374 44,726 30,661

1997–98........................... 45,775 61,965 48,597 40,504 32,011 33,918 43,491 45,648 46,709 43,943 46,106 46,466 30,995

1998–99........................... 47,421 64,236 50,347 41,894 33,152 35,115 44,723 47,247 48,355 45,457 47,874 48,204 31,524

1999–2000....................... 48,997 67,079 52,091 43,367 34,228 36,607 45,865 48,714 50,168 46,340 49,737 50,052 32,951

2001–02........................... 52,662 72,542 56,186 46,824 45,262 39,538 45,003 52,123 53,895 49,290 54,149 54,434 32,921

2002–03........................... 54,105 75,028 57,716 48,380 46,573 40,265 45,251 53,435 55,121 50,717 55,881 56,158 35,296

2003–04........................... 55,378 76,652 59,095 49,689 47,404 41,536 46,519 54,408 56,117 51,591 57,921 58,192 36,896

2004–05........................... 56,926 79,160 60,809 51,154 48,351 42,455 47,860 55,780 57,714 52,566 59,919 60,143 39,291

2005–06........................... 58,665 81,514 62,860 52,901 49,533 43,934 49,172 57,462 59,437 54,082 61,830 62,092 38,786

2006–07........................... 61,016 85,090 65,237 54,974 51,832 45,693 50,812 59,781 61,875 56,127 64,246 64,481 41,099

2007–08........................... 63,347 88,301 67,816 57,111 53,889 47,407 52,837 62,129 64,226 58,318 66,528 66,745 43,670

2008–09........................... 65,638 91,522 70,375 59,286 55,424 49,078 54,649 64,231 66,393 60,195 69,300 69,593 43,344

2009–10........................... 66,653 92,835 71,019 60,001 56,246 49,945 55,211 65,144 67,283 61,047 70,516 70,756 44,892

Constant 2008–09 dollars1

Total

1970–71........................... 68,677 97,035 73,291 60,391 50,576 60,499 66,644 69,995 70,903 68,323 62,782 63,894 46,817

1975–76........................... 64,479 87,667 66,053 54,135 52,921 49,954 58,818 65,576 67,349 61,232 61,623 62,381 42,193

1978–79........................... 62,111 82,950 62,823 51,312 41,342 47,885 58,678 63,235 64,937 59,051 58,936 59,570 39,159

1979–80........................... 59,028 78,495 59,312 48,292 38,773 44,577 56,024 60,273 61,795 56,487 55,590 56,179 36,637

1980–81........................... 57,743 76,206 57,525 46,837 37,611 42,872 55,344 58,840 60,397 54,955 54,747 55,322 37,331

1981–82........................... 58,049 76,269 57,658 47,006 37,522 42,782 55,498 59,045 60,654 55,184 55,326 55,905 36,326

1982–83........................... 59,479 77,727 58,877 48,237 38,494 43,898 55,894 60,117 61,878 55,916 57,723 58,374 36,294

1984–85........................... 61,793 80,660 60,774 50,065 41,058 45,328 56,184 62,197 64,466 56,551 60,703 61,387 37,567

1985–86........................... 63,898 83,380 62,705 51,835 41,264 46,890 57,380 64,604 67,135 58,371 61,945 62,596 38,340

1987–88........................... 66,518 87,166 65,284 53,942 42,115 48,135 58,430 67,137 70,118 59,684 64,947 65,497 40,520

1989–90........................... 67,847 89,277 66,595 55,263 42,315 49,010 58,423 68,325 71,620 60,042 66,715 67,313 41,589

1990–91........................... 67,588 89,026 66,383 55,195 42,208 48,244 58,338 67,831 71,346 59,396 66,983 67,682 38,611

1991–92........................... 68,108 89,202 66,675 55,518 48,017 47,302 58,683 67,781 70,882 60,510 68,922 69,570 39,874

1992–93........................... 67,344 88,541 66,185 55,161 42,923 46,001 56,887 66,565 70,057 58,640 69,258 69,924 39,317

1993–94........................... 68,067 89,038 66,471 55,244 42,322 48,048 59,580 67,415 70,496 60,249 69,683 70,291 41,745

1994–95........................... 68,235 89,496 66,668 55,311 42,337 47,379 58,838 67,693 70,984 60,085 69,561 70,472 36,554

1995–96........................... 68,509 89,670 66,643 55,153 42,160 47,427 59,737 67,853 71,097 60,153 70,116 70,607 44,342

1996–97........................... 68,662 90,045 66,606 54,961 42,137 47,228 59,707 67,951 71,213 60,225 70,395 70,842 44,076

1997–98........................... 69,457 91,218 67,457 55,515 43,065 47,093 60,078 68,532 71,819 60,942 71,719 72,170 44,582

1998–99........................... 70,573 93,046 68,589 56,551 44,119 48,033 60,337 69,559 72,988 61,686 73,032 73,427 45,426

1999–2000....................... 70,865 94,350 69,135 57,031 44,275 48,429 60,088 69,753 73,479 61,168 73,559 73,952 45,551

2001–02........................... 71,967 97,326 70,742 58,782 56,569 50,352 56,099 70,501 74,703 61,240 75,673 75,999 39,921

2002–03........................... 72,292 98,385 71,279 59,588 56,938 50,241 54,621 70,741 74,834 61,684 76,068 76,399 41,050

2003–04........................... 72,185 98,432 71,224 59,749 56,596 50,348 55,051 70,219 74,217 61,223 76,899 77,206 41,897

2004–05........................... 71,930 98,720 71,173 59,694 55,688 49,847 54,805 69,815 73,966 60,393 76,992 77,261 41,801

2005–06........................... 71,382 98,388 70,887 59,444 54,889 49,509 54,394 69,209 73,301 59,767 76,607 76,874 41,583

2006–07........................... 72,119 99,759 71,665 60,087 56,023 49,925 54,849 69,996 74,091 60,428 77,203 77,431 43,258

2007–08........................... 72,077 99,924 71,815 60,122 56,098 50,081 55,164 69,945 73,874 60,479 77,196 77,407 44,008

2008–09........................... 73,570 102,346 73,439 61,550 56,918 51,188 56,370 71,237 75,245 61,433 79,147 79,410 43,542

2009–10........................... 73,910 102,691 73,416 61,650 57,243 51,677 56,263 71,491 75,424 61,668 79,615 79,830 44,319

See notes at end of table.

Table 267. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by academic rank, control and 

type of institution, and sex: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2009–10—Continued

Sex and academic year All faculty

Academic rank Public institutions Private institutions

Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Instructor Lecturer No rank Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 395

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to an academic-year basis.

NOTE: Data through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Data for 1987–88 and later years include

imputations for nonrespondent institutions.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe

Benefits” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1987–88 through 2009–10 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of FullTime Instructional Faculty Survey” (IPEDS-SA:87–99), and Winter 2001–02 through Winter

2009–10. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Males

1975–76........................... 67,402 88,645 66,608 54,864 55,853 52,559 61,004 68,360 70,138 63,244 64,966 65,591 44,039

1978–79........................... 65,107 83,755 63,365 52,025 42,119 49,911 60,792 66,059 67,777 61,029 62,469 62,943 40,888

1979–80........................... 61,920 79,279 59,865 48,996 39,604 46,817 57,792 63,013 64,564 58,427 58,943 59,370 38,540

1980–81........................... 60,709 77,022 58,112 47,645 38,521 45,301 57,416 61,636 63,212 56,908 58,216 58,652 39,834

1981–82........................... 61,121 77,095 58,286 47,958 38,562 44,983 57,654 61,925 63,557 57,218 58,961 59,389 38,398

1982–83........................... 62,689 78,637 59,623 49,396 39,717 46,420 58,046 63,098 64,870 58,009 61,585 62,068 37,936

1984–85........................... 65,315 81,727 61,682 51,408 42,943 47,810 58,187 65,432 67,673 58,635 65,002 65,509 39,495

1985–86........................... 67,650 84,495 63,663 53,447 42,793 49,786 59,706 68,112 70,593 60,675 66,392 66,873 40,266

1987–88........................... 70,622 88,453 66,381 55,751 43,814 51,240 60,681 70,997 73,932 62,034 69,679 70,076 41,954

1989–90........................... 72,294 90,698 67,843 57,108 43,840 52,681 60,826 72,624 75,795 62,688 71,532 72,008 42,633

1990–91........................... 72,236 90,644 67,705 57,121 43,901 51,931 60,968 72,266 75,606 62,172 72,162 72,643 41,574

1991–92........................... 72,762 90,849 68,050 57,418 51,812 51,011 61,228 72,195 75,174 63,386 74,136 74,616 41,663

1992–93........................... 72,091 90,324 67,557 56,994 44,555 48,967 59,288 71,050 74,390 61,336 74,580 75,060 41,270

1993–94........................... 72,785 90,811 67,868 56,952 43,771 51,083 62,028 71,871 74,856 63,036 74,984 75,455 45,193

1994–95........................... 73,112 91,405 68,083 56,976 43,569 50,068 61,516 72,257 75,460 62,824 75,145 75,692 42,301

1995–96........................... 73,379 91,628 68,131 56,767 42,988 50,205 62,000 72,474 75,649 62,812 75,532 75,928 46,268

1996–97........................... 73,573 92,146 68,158 56,552 42,873 49,889 61,717 72,590 75,865 62,669 75,897 76,258 46,922

1997–98........................... 74,474 93,523 69,067 57,090 43,890 49,744 62,140 73,248 76,636 63,292 77,365 77,741 47,986

1998–99........................... 75,728 95,574 70,225 58,249 45,323 50,847 62,112 74,411 78,021 63,874 78,786 79,111 49,627

1999–2000....................... 76,185 96,972 70,929 58,851 45,462 50,975 61,862 74,790 78,653 63,441 79,414 79,762 48,989

2001–02........................... 77,483 100,414 72,640 60,856 58,839 53,630 57,882 75,693 80,202 63,075 81,760 82,036 40,229

2002–03........................... 77,946 101,597 73,348 61,814 59,257 53,596 55,886 76,104 80,534 63,607 82,188 82,484 40,420

2003–04........................... 77,844 101,810 73,209 61,884 58,811 53,308 56,491 75,526 79,877 63,008 83,077 83,340 41,070

2004–05........................... 77,644 102,227 73,228 61,830 57,536 52,552 56,104 75,173 79,669 62,035 83,222 83,471 39,160

2005–06........................... 77,203 102,191 72,980 61,594 56,654 52,055 55,890 74,638 79,128 61,334 82,999 83,216 41,224

2006–07........................... 77,989 103,642 73,784 62,198 57,899 52,199 56,431 75,497 79,992 62,010 83,587 83,768 43,319

2007–08........................... 78,010 103,987 73,958 62,225 57,914 52,527 56,980 75,428 79,772 62,020 83,836 84,007 43,596

2008–09........................... 79,706 106,759 75,634 63,726 58,819 53,777 58,341 76,897 81,394 62,870 86,008 86,205 43,871

2009–10........................... 80,110 107,190 75,669 63,833 59,226 54,419 58,087 77,204 81,638 63,087 86,548 86,710 44,074

Females

1975–76........................... 55,379 78,605 63,339 52,338 48,661 46,063 54,553 57,140 57,125 57,165 50,436 51,211 39,483

1978–79........................... 53,524 75,656 60,481 49,868 40,631 45,328 54,784 55,297 55,238 55,390 48,222 48,921 37,284

1979–80........................... 50,866 71,643 57,075 46,933 38,020 41,869 52,728 52,651 52,494 52,907 45,730 46,417 34,675

1980–81........................... 49,550 69,283 55,247 45,353 36,808 40,065 51,649 51,228 51,067 51,488 44,785 45,412 34,425

1981–82........................... 49,730 69,428 55,362 45,314 36,619 40,319 51,714 51,376 51,217 51,623 45,033 45,673 34,178

1982–83........................... 50,873 70,469 56,290 46,212 37,403 41,182 52,172 52,253 52,218 52,307 46,914 47,645 34,654

1984–85........................... 52,648 72,706 57,876 47,846 39,296 42,628 52,869 53,917 54,418 53,117 49,086 49,845 35,669

1985–86........................... 54,398 75,458 59,771 49,249 39,921 43,937 53,599 55,824 56,576 54,629 50,348 51,070 36,502

1987–88........................... 56,516 78,514 62,128 51,144 40,696 45,158 54,859 57,842 58,963 56,013 53,035 53,638 39,312

1989–90........................... 57,788 80,576 63,343 52,559 41,114 45,637 54,991 58,825 60,360 56,307 55,196 55,805 40,577

1990–91........................... 57,514 79,711 63,042 52,454 40,929 45,060 54,785 58,441 60,227 55,654 55,074 55,938 36,202

1991–92........................... 58,296 80,175 63,315 52,905 44,844 44,342 55,327 58,709 60,005 56,717 57,199 57,946 38,337

1992–93........................... 57,811 79,455 63,047 52,763 41,720 43,560 53,906 57,768 59,446 55,290 57,925 58,718 37,755

1993–94........................... 58,809 80,371 63,388 53,099 41,306 45,581 56,482 58,896 60,236 56,825 58,580 59,278 38,378

1994–95........................... 59,041 80,713 63,689 53,308 41,491 45,208 55,612 59,296 60,887 56,818 58,382 59,677 32,613

1995–96........................... 59,564 81,025 63,637 53,276 41,598 45,271 57,082 59,564 61,113 57,084 59,564 60,071 42,614

1996–97........................... 59,875 81,266 63,626 53,155 41,632 45,138 57,376 59,849 61,330 57,452 59,941 60,418 41,418

1997–98........................... 60,751 82,237 64,497 53,755 42,484 45,015 57,720 60,582 61,990 58,320 61,190 61,669 41,136

1998–99........................... 61,864 83,801 65,682 54,654 43,250 45,810 58,344 61,638 63,082 59,302 62,456 62,886 41,125

1999–2000....................... 62,127 85,054 66,050 54,989 43,400 46,417 58,155 61,768 63,612 58,758 63,065 63,465 41,781

2001–02........................... 63,439 87,387 67,684 56,406 54,524 47,629 54,212 62,790 64,925 59,377 65,230 65,574 39,658

2002–03........................... 63,775 88,438 68,033 57,027 54,898 47,462 53,339 62,986 64,973 59,783 65,870 66,196 41,605

2003–04........................... 63,878 88,418 68,167 57,317 54,681 47,912 53,660 62,760 64,732 59,511 66,813 67,124 42,560

2004–05........................... 63,746 88,644 68,094 57,283 54,144 47,541 53,594 62,463 64,628 58,864 67,098 67,348 43,998

2005–06........................... 63,283 87,931 67,808 57,066 53,433 47,393 53,043 61,986 64,116 58,340 66,698 66,981 41,840

2006–07........................... 64,160 89,475 68,599 57,807 54,503 48,048 53,430 62,862 65,064 59,019 67,557 67,804 43,217

2007–08........................... 64,232 89,534 68,763 57,909 54,641 48,069 53,575 62,996 65,122 59,133 67,457 67,677 44,280

2008–09........................... 65,638 91,522 70,375 59,286 55,424 49,078 54,649 64,231 66,393 60,195 69,300 69,593 43,344

2009–10........................... 66,014 91,945 70,338 59,426 55,707 49,466 54,682 64,519 66,638 60,462 69,840 70,078 44,462

Table 267. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by academic rank, control and 

type of institution, and sex: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2009–10—Continued

Sex and academic year All faculty

Academic rank Public institutions Private institutions

Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Instructor Lecturer No rank Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
396 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year.

2Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees,

during the previous academic year.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1999–2000 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, "Salaries,

Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full-Time Instructional Faculty Survey" (IPEDS-SA:99), and

Winter 2005–06 through Winter 2009–10. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 268. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by sex, academic rank, and 

control and type of institution: Selected years, 1999–2000 through 2009–10

[In current dollars]

Academic year, control

and type of institution

All faculty Academic rank 

Total Males Females

Professor Associate professor

Assistant

professor Instructor Lecturer

No

academic

Total Males Females Total Males Females rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1999–2000

All institutions...................................... $55,888 $60,084 $48,997 $74,410 $76,478 $67,079 $54,524 $55,939 $52,091 $44,978 $34,918 $38,194 $47,389

Public .............................................. 55,011 58,984 48,714 72,475 74,501 65,568 54,641 55,992 52,305 45,285 35,007 37,403 47,990

4-year .......................................... 57,950 62,030 50,168 75,204 76,530 69,619 55,681 56,776 53,599 45,822 33,528 37,261 40,579

Doctoral1.................................. 62,686 67,294 52,605 81,651 82,900 75,116 57,938 59,190 55,332 48,438 33,334 39,184 39,068

Master's2

.................................. 52,664 55,505 48,068 66,505 67,062 64,715 53,001 53,665 51,888 43,394 33,223 34,208 42,995

Other 4-year ............................ 48,280 50,263 44,957 61,327 61,653 60,236 49,888 50,390 48,987 42,304 35,829 36,007 38,345

2-year .......................................... 48,240 50,033 46,340 57,806 59,441 55,501 48,056 49,425 46,711 41,984 37,634 40,061 48,233

Not-for-profit.................................... 58,172 62,788 49,881 78,512 80,557 70,609 54,300 55,836 51,687 44,423 34,670 40,761 41,415

4-year .......................................... 58,425 63,028 50,117 78,604 80,622 70,774 54,388 55,898 51,809 44,502 34,813 40,783 41,761

Doctoral1.................................. 74,347 79,678 61,442 97,751 99,341 89,614 63,780 65,347 60,477 53,946 41,820 43,538 46,135

Master's2.................................. 51,202 54,326 46,413 65,331 66,591 61,378 51,202 52,474 49,167 41,922 33,913 37,266 44,364

Other 4-year ............................ 47,743 49,962 44,218 62,007 62,613 59,974 47,285 47,564 46,876 38,937 31,978 33,531 34,809

2-year .......................................... 37,583 39,933 34,733 39,454 38,431 40,571 36,349 37,342 35,608 31,818 27,696 25,965 40,373

For-profit ......................................... 29,543 30,023 28,942 45,505 44,248 49,693 48,469 53,548 43,389 33,043 29,894 — 27,958

2005–06

All institutions...................................... 66,172 71,569 58,665 91,208 94,733 81,514 65,714 67,654 62,860 55,106 50,883 45,896 50,425

Public .............................................. 64,158 69,191 57,462 87,599 91,080 78,412 65,107 67,077 62,231 55,029 52,297 44,628 50,096

4-year .......................................... 67,951 73,353 59,437 91,600 93,976 83,946 66,745 68,475 64,013 56,181 40,044 44,598 47,107

Doctoral1.................................. 73,985 80,186 62,865 100,403 102,366 92,511 70,259 72,242 66,876 59,777 39,961 45,422 46,126

Master's2

.................................. 60,338 63,599 55,992 77,776 78,734 75,465 62,045 62,996 60,709 52,352 39,424 43,241 45,777

Other 4-year ............................ 56,117 58,617 52,836 72,348 74,162 68,815 59,091 60,179 57,427 49,860 42,287 43,941 51,912

2-year .......................................... 55,405 56,858 54,082 65,740 67,782 63,544 54,870 55,825 54,004 48,425 57,224 45,427 50,513

Not-for-profit.................................... 71,203 77,136 61,985 98,253 101,638 88,144 66,877 68,753 64,074 55,278 41,302 49,777 53,231

4-year .......................................... 71,419 77,314 62,212 98,378 101,713 88,379 66,981 68,818 64,226 55,367 41,494 49,786 53,907

Doctoral1.................................. 89,278 96,862 74,490 122,784 125,275 112,800 78,684 81,043 74,518 67,151 46,016 51,647 55,222

Master's2.................................. 61,186 64,596 56,637 78,400 80,151 74,214 61,777 63,056 60,038 50,948 41,530 45,110 57,098

Other 4-year ............................ 58,344 60,800 54,868 76,571 77,504 74,285 57,964 58,039 57,860 47,877 38,394 45,837 45,605

2-year .......................................... 39,101 38,817 39,307 47,174 48,786 45,945 42,433 43,628 41,753 35,437 36,264 38,908 39,399

For-profit ......................................... 42,480 42,878 42,027 60,111 59,423 61,417 56,621 55,546 58,393 47,598 35,661 — 41,579

2008–09

All institutions...................................... 73,570 79,706 65,638 102,346 106,759 91,522 73,439 75,634 70,375 61,550 56,918 51,188 56,370

Public .............................................. 71,237 76,897 64,231 98,097 102,488 87,777 72,700 74,939 69,611 61,544 58,505 49,376 55,233

4-year .......................................... 75,245 81,394 66,393 102,806 105,939 93,960 74,591 76,553 71,684 62,881 45,365 49,315 53,717

Doctoral1.................................. 81,485 88,691 69,864 112,569 115,095 103,686 78,375 80,617 74,812 66,754 44,238 49,714 53,990

Master's2.................................. 66,700 70,072 62,579 86,611 87,689 84,368 69,092 70,039 67,838 58,373 43,533 48,658 53,527

Other 4-year ............................ 62,475 65,129 59,242 78,568 81,811 73,346 65,679 67,152 63,704 55,553 53,317 48,375 53,134

2-year .......................................... 61,433 62,870 60,195 71,802 73,766 69,873 59,953 60,938 59,101 53,445 64,577 51,194 55,491

Not-for-profit.................................... 79,358 86,228 69,478 110,486 114,653 99,369 74,877 76,966 71,893 61,572 46,771 56,219 63,252

4-year .......................................... 79,554 86,380 69,690 110,626 114,748 99,597 74,990 77,043 72,048 61,650 46,971 56,226 63,718

Doctoral1.................................. 97,702 106,983 81,798 138,584 141,639 127,667 87,777 90,646 83,138 73,289 52,785 58,218 68,175

Master's2.................................. 67,324 70,874 62,845 85,704 87,791 81,334 67,879 69,101 66,285 56,333 45,976 51,676 62,932

Other 4-year ............................ 65,522 68,374 61,749 87,036 87,877 85,178 65,088 65,260 64,853 53,328 42,692 52,925 52,523

2-year .......................................... 44,302 44,254 44,331 55,182 58,434 52,153 46,686 46,989 46,504 43,515 40,360 39,443 39,968

For-profit ......................................... 52,557 54,816 50,074 79,589 82,037 74,310 68,058 70,509 65,649 59,043 43,000 — 50,212

2009–10

All institutions...................................... 74,625 80,885 66,653 103,684 108,227 92,835 74,126 76,401 71,019 62,246 57,797 52,177 56,807

Public .............................................. 72,183 77,951 65,144 99,208 103,747 88,813 73,378 75,686 70,256 62,159 59,319 50,214 55,868

4-year .......................................... 76,153 82,428 67,283 103,947 107,192 95,045 75,250 77,281 72,297 63,441 46,029 50,089 54,024

Doctoral1.................................. 82,244 89,597 70,575 113,534 116,275 104,261 78,768 81,064 75,156 67,162 44,513 50,406 53,211

Master's2.................................. 68,176 71,579 64,086 88,021 89,111 85,814 70,312 71,324 69,016 59,318 44,205 49,534 55,249

Other 4-year ............................ 61,513 63,979 58,676 77,327 79,877 73,213 65,135 66,419 63,485 55,157 54,132 49,446 54,566

2-year .......................................... 62,265 63,698 61,047 72,377 74,425 70,429 60,633 61,565 59,853 54,162 65,505 53,548 56,239

Not-for-profit.................................... 80,593 87,603 70,686 112,155 116,406 101,138 75,570 77,768 72,509 62,401 47,843 57,508 62,242

4-year .......................................... 80,744 87,724 70,843 112,261 116,477 101,308 75,670 77,831 72,649 62,472 47,885 57,520 62,542

Doctoral1.................................. 97,732 107,067 82,187 138,137 141,581 126,575 87,300 90,233 82,668 73,585 54,058 59,386 66,964

Master's2.................................. 67,976 71,503 63,654 86,768 88,738 82,733 68,256 69,449 66,772 56,828 46,446 53,223 60,880

Other 4-year ............................ 66,184 68,963 62,565 87,868 88,699 86,100 65,657 65,868 65,372 53,658 43,027 52,453 52,497

2-year .......................................... 45,731 44,417 46,529 53,063 55,046 51,310 45,768 45,863 45,717 42,706 46,010 32,393 43,562

For-profit ......................................... 54,842 56,689 52,925 79,574 81,765 75,817 71,376 72,429 70,199 66,027 41,742 — 53,705
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 397

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor’s degrees during the previous academic year.

2Institutions that awarded 20 or more master’s degrees, but less than 20 doctor’s degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title

IV federal financial aid programs. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009–10

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2009–10. (This table was

prepared August 2010.)

Table 269. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution 

and state or jurisdiction: 2009–10 

[In current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

All

institutions

Public institutions Not-for-profit institutions

For-profit

Total institutions

4-year institutions

2-year Total

4-year institutions

Total Doctoral 2-year 1 Master’s2 Other Total Doctoral1 Master’s2 Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States ................................... $74,625 $72,183 $76,153 $82,244 $68,176 $61,513 $62,265 $80,593 $80,744 $97,732 $67,976 $66,184 $45,731 $54,842

Alabama ................................................... 63,395 64,994 69,596 74,579 59,380 68,661 53,376 54,793 54,793 68,322 54,226 48,349 † 24,226

Alaska....................................................... 70,760 71,403 71,335 72,465 70,567 † 79,991 55,619 55,619 † 55,619 † † †

Arizona ..................................................... 76,399 76,729 81,227 81,593 † 51,729 68,259 56,630 56,630 † 42,969 65,276 † 82,929

Arkansas................................................... 54,663 54,848 59,296 65,468 51,972 55,151 43,820 53,608 53,608 † 56,463 51,495 † †

California .................................................. 89,690 88,011 91,779 106,873 78,974 73,197 83,684 96,616 96,711 105,869 81,287 93,001 64,586 67,920

Colorado ................................................... 69,185 68,250 72,137 78,708 58,474 56,673 50,118 76,085 76,085 77,478 76,546 53,637 † 48,928

Connecticut............................................... 90,321 83,084 87,823 99,890 76,851 † 68,850 97,966 97,966 112,294 85,483 76,537 † 45,225

Delaware................................................... 88,007 88,505 94,579 98,068 67,987 † 62,317 83,488 83,488 64,584 103,373 † † †

District of Columbia .................................. 88,096 77,787 77,787 † 76,409 92,224 † 91,090 91,090 91,843 79,748 † † 53,529

Florida....................................................... 69,160 67,966 70,775 76,554 66,565 57,985 53,183 72,558 72,558 85,613 68,290 55,009 † 92,469

Georgia..................................................... 68,420 67,151 69,182 82,950 58,313 51,765 47,303 72,011 72,023 98,605 63,201 56,498 35,000 †

Hawaii....................................................... 78,970 81,036 86,718 91,616 71,594 69,640 68,213 68,480 68,480 † 65,596 86,446† †

Idaho......................................................... 58,357 59,104 61,158 63,161 61,365 48,055 48,241 50,859 50,859 † 50,447 51,176 † †

Illinois........................................................ 76,844 71,870 74,809 80,202 63,558 † 66,575 84,351 84,525 101,715 66,512 59,604 39,416 33,370

Indiana...................................................... 70,229 69,462 73,399 78,789 59,571 54,480 44,060 71,857 72,011 89,867 61,718 60,729 43,283 41,085

Iowa .......................................................... 67,913 72,580 82,260 86,781 65,584 † 53,095 60,021 60,021 61,336 59,043 60,515 † †

Kansas...................................................... 62,813 65,410 72,428 78,594 58,586 66,164 49,869 46,545 46,920 † 49,925 41,667 37,815 60,734

Kentucky ................................................... 60,082 61,391 66,277 78,226 59,543 † 48,856 54,885 54,885 63,399 48,785 56,432 † †

Louisiana .................................................. 63,584 61,972 64,612 72,786 56,273 59,333 49,280 71,406 71,406 84,609 63,394 57,747 † 21,571

Maine........................................................ 71,261 68,209 71,807 79,449 74,961 57,521 55,223 76,309 76,379 59,011 53,365 87,179 70,705 †

Maryland................................................... 75,087 72,793 76,330 82,184 68,358 † 65,944 82,984 82,984 105,776 69,969 † † †

Massachusetts.......................................... 92,335 74,583 80,247 89,736 70,783 † 60,046 100,193 100,221 114,694 81,918 80,408 42,846 61,796

Michigan ................................................... 78,811 81,410 82,667 86,299 70,080 55,497 75,813 63,853 63,853 47,522 63,248 64,915 † †

Minnesota ................................................. 70,307 71,382 78,161 93,673 70,056 59,197 61,151 68,338 68,371 67,270 64,155 71,687 42,993 42,230

Mississippi ................................................ 54,953 55,163 59,811 61,951 50,733 † 48,607 53,086 53,086 † 57,948 40,108 † †

Missouri .................................................... 66,607 63,821 66,776 73,245 58,634 56,936 54,486 72,146 72,423 89,555 56,112 51,970 51,111 57,576

Montana.................................................... 56,825 58,510 61,245 64,293 54,585 48,415 42,452 46,058 47,381 † 46,190 48,222 34,248 †

Nebraska .................................................. 65,774 68,749 74,212 85,125 64,289 † 50,927 57,872 57,924 70,704 53,665 47,815 41,732 †

Nevada ..................................................... 79,986 80,427 81,873 89,657 † 66,295 63,398 63,854 63,854 † 63,854 † † 46,922

New Hampshire ........................................ 79,431 77,204 84,032 92,936 70,384 80,136 54,120 83,005 83,005 100,625 69,209 61,142 † 58,360

New Jersey ............................................... 91,058 89,403 97,021 104,707 90,141 † 70,224 95,303 95,303 110,531 73,149 65,602 † 52,470

New Mexico .............................................. 62,567 62,508 68,555 74,081 56,252 44,980 48,298 77,244 77,244 † 77,244 † † 25,482

New York................................................... 84,784 78,663 82,814 96,306 79,747 72,862 69,854 90,853 91,081 102,177 73,538 79,528 50,241 40,996

North Carolina .......................................... 68,053 65,373 78,123 83,660 69,019 68,324 47,331 76,717 76,891 102,319 55,655 55,059 38,929 90,410

North Dakota ............................................ 58,355 59,901 61,838 67,630 55,653 47,535 46,191 46,865 46,865 49,990 † 44,349 † †

Ohio .......................................................... 70,423 72,538 75,783 78,322 † 58,276 59,533 66,025 66,066 76,908 60,231 65,347 58,334 35,862

Oklahoma ................................................. 61,291 61,393 64,954 74,881 55,835 47,938 47,649 60,850 60,850 78,729 56,982 42,679 † †

Oregon...................................................... 67,065 66,312 69,343 73,552 55,402 56,994 61,941 69,395 69,395 59,066 72,570 70,506 † †

Pennsylvania............................................. 79,084 76,860 80,024 87,393 76,694 63,991 59,890 81,593 81,835 96,604 69,144 73,920 44,023 38,183

Rhode Island ............................................ 83,902 73,372 77,174 83,955 65,200 † 62,212 90,538 90,538 94,211 85,411 117,764 † †

South Carolina.......................................... 59,911 61,712 69,333 76,889 63,140 53,408 46,308 52,543 52,786 † 53,120 52,364 41,027 111,136

South Dakota............................................ 56,359 58,192 60,538 61,177 61,914 41,645 44,986 48,523 48,523 † 46,856 49,357 † 45,265

Tennessee ................................................ 63,539 61,233 65,841 67,612 58,191 † 46,497 68,209 68,209 91,880 52,961 55,637 † 42,944

Texas ........................................................ 70,018 68,676 75,324 80,637 61,774 52,587 54,011 76,428 76,716 88,491 66,259 59,181 31,361 65,205

Utah .......................................................... 72,095 64,944 67,948 76,569 59,416 58,960 49,955 91,513 91,874 95,027 67,786 † 56,163 †

Vermont .................................................... 71,869 72,528 72,528 78,697 64,726 57,878 † 71,247 74,255 † 79,512 58,510 43,154 †

Virginia...................................................... 72,597 74,432 79,044 83,296 64,617 66,271 57,503 66,665 66,665 66,355 67,253 66,301 † †

Washington............................................... 68,322 67,918 74,163 82,430 67,524 56,105 55,770 70,181 70,181 72,639 69,849 67,444 † 49,267

West Virginia............................................. 57,809 59,415 61,736 73,001 57,915 51,131 45,870 46,922 46,922 49,707 46,319 46,471 † †

Wisconsin ................................................. 69,370 71,121 70,926 80,632 58,695 92,789 71,496 62,639 62,639 74,097 57,017 55,348 † †

Wyoming................................................... 70,106 70,106 79,487 79,487 † † 59,133 † † † † † † †

U.S. Service Academies........................... 118,643 118,643 118,643 † † 118,643††††††† †

Other jurisdictions .......................... 58,910 59,186 64,039 69,567 63,841 58,784 31,539 34,826 34,826 36,109 33,819 † † †

American Samoa...................................... 28,862 28,862 † † † † 28,862 † † † † † † †

Federated States of Micronesia................ 19,849 19,849 † † † † 19,849 † † † † † † †

Guam........................................................ 57,874 57,874 64,240 † 64,240 † 48,975 † † † † † † †

Marshall Islands........................................ 26,150 26,150 † † † † 26,150 † † † † † † †

Northern Marianas ................................... 41,979 41,979 41,979 † † 41,979††††††† †

Palau......................................................... 17,079 17,079 † † † † 17,079 † † † † † † †

Puerto Rico............................................... 64,042 64,507 64,507 69,567 † 59,447 † 34,826 34,826 36,109 33,819 † † †

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 63,318 63,318 63,318 † 63,318 † † † † † † † † †
398 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor’s degrees during the previous academic year.

2Institutions that awarded 20 or more master’s degrees, but less than 20 doctor’s degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title

IV federal financial aid programs. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2008–09. (This table was

prepared July 2009.)

Table 270. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution 

and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 

[In current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

All

institutions

Public institutions Not-for-profit institutions

For-profit

Total institutions

4-year institutions

2-year Total

4-year institutions

Total Doctoral 2-year 1 Master’s2 Other Total Doctoral1 Master’s2 Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

United States ................................... $73,570 $71,237 $75,245 $81,485 $66,700 $62,475 $61,433 $79,358 $79,554 $97,702 $67,324 $65,522 $44,302 $52,557

Alabama ................................................... 63,086 64,645 69,198 72,769 59,032 68,352 53,220 54,675 54,675 68,717 54,022 47,876 † †

Alaska....................................................... 68,104 68,659 68,603 70,151 67,492 † 75,472 54,209 54,209 † 54,209 † † †

Arizona ..................................................... 75,466 76,007 80,469 80,469 † † 67,921 55,739 55,739 † 40,237 64,448 † 63,912

Arkansas................................................... 54,600 54,828 59,677 66,021 51,993 55,010 43,128 53,319 53,319 † 55,943 51,399 † †

California .................................................. 87,736 86,049 89,809 102,078 77,680 71,245 81,765 94,773 94,909 105,468 79,040 88,890 62,991 68,821

Colorado ................................................... 68,753 67,636 71,528 78,352 57,697 55,539 49,338 76,485 76,485 78,473 75,991 51,824 † 51,390

Connecticut............................................... 90,314 83,590 87,922 99,894 76,374 † 70,449 98,126 98,126 118,151 84,013 77,179 † 45,490

Delaware................................................... 85,476 85,941 90,935 94,470 65,480 † 63,686 81,080 81,080 61,582 100,835 † † †

District of Columbia .................................. 88,635 78,932 78,932 † 78,454 85,278 † 91,487 91,487 92,640 78,241 † † 52,283

Florida....................................................... 68,068 67,215 71,664 76,734 63,243 60,518 52,738 70,522 70,522 83,157 66,826 53,037 † 88,304

Georgia..................................................... 67,190 66,001 68,128 81,422 57,028 50,282 46,760 70,456 70,666 93,680 62,981 55,540 55,528 42,000

Hawaii....................................................... 78,957 81,325 86,586 91,265 71,505 70,071 69,049 68,855 68,855 † 63,240 86,087† †

Idaho......................................................... 57,786 58,458 60,118 61,869 59,757 49,141 49,160 50,935 50,935 † 49,020 52,415 † †

Illinois........................................................ 75,346 70,507 73,756 79,571 61,667 † 64,566 82,725 82,901 105,247 64,206 62,201 38,004 33,192

Indiana...................................................... 69,408 69,076 72,799 78,145 59,200 54,592 45,219 70,111 70,259 95,408 60,436 59,845 43,093 39,985

Iowa .......................................................... 67,526 71,915 82,343 86,921 65,847 † 51,400 59,879 59,879 58,024 59,357 60,444 † †

Kansas...................................................... 62,666 65,322 72,275 78,223 58,819 60,351 48,888 46,137 46,390 † 49,453 41,076 39,941 40,000

Kentucky ................................................... 60,003 61,384 66,203 78,108 59,534 † 49,103 54,474 54,474 61,304 48,837 56,889 † †

Louisiana .................................................. 63,098 61,824 63,980 72,432 55,885 57,807 50,573 69,400 69,400 82,084 63,366 52,693 † 45,000

Maine........................................................ 70,138 67,178 70,224 76,500 73,173 56,479 54,586 75,373 75,565 † 54,660 86,301 58,264 †

Maryland................................................... 73,023 72,457 76,057 88,029 65,484 † 65,426 75,103 75,103 91,836 68,430 72,324 † †

Massachusetts.......................................... 91,612 74,391 79,992 90,300 69,726 † 60,200 99,351 99,494 114,790 81,855 80,206 52,515 53,878

Michigan ................................................... 77,147 79,589 80,787 84,356 68,284 54,918 74,237 63,349 63,349 45,630 61,108 65,375 † †

Minnesota ................................................. 70,044 71,351 77,573 94,300 68,319 59,220 61,523 67,425 67,433 67,223 63,823 69,581 41,256 40,126

Mississippi ................................................ 55,302 55,667 60,225 62,602 50,465 † 49,495 52,073 52,073 † 56,707 39,662 † †

Missouri .................................................... 66,082 63,537 66,698 73,326 58,098 57,068 53,540 71,233 71,612 88,555 55,798 50,605 48,030 52,745

Montana.................................................... 56,689 58,350 61,125 64,168 55,677 48,435 41,786 43,354 44,769 † 40,822 45,848 34,077 †

Nebraska .................................................. 64,340 66,923 72,146 78,026 58,195 † 49,373 57,693 57,732 71,232 52,888 50,095 45,240 †

Nevada ..................................................... 79,794 80,216 81,709 89,145 † 67,202 63,195 62,802 62,802 † 62,802 † † 53,580

New Hampshire ........................................ 80,335 76,729 84,608 93,396 71,060 79,127 49,874 86,103 86,103 112,768 66,806 60,516 † 47,364

New Jersey ............................................... 89,013 86,968 94,427 98,116 90,170 † 68,821 93,781 93,781 111,787 72,640 62,959 † 58,640

New Mexico .............................................. 61,853 61,500 67,632 73,274 55,896 45,087 47,062 70,995 70,995 † 76,805 64,217 † †

New York................................................... 82,642 76,180 80,096 92,583 77,077 70,554 67,773 89,041 89,288 99,952 72,568 79,701 47,620 41,892

North Carolina .......................................... 67,498 64,880 77,643 83,046 68,898 67,639 47,331 76,300 76,416 101,230 55,743 55,496 36,389 †

North Dakota ............................................ 54,551 56,877 58,822 64,538 52,085 45,853 44,119 40,935 46,552 49,011 † 44,381 20,339 †

Ohio .......................................................... 69,235 70,766 74,227 76,439 69,724 57,588 58,185 65,988 66,046 79,927 59,383 66,066 56,651 37,780

Oklahoma ................................................. 61,106 61,223 64,758 74,679 55,535 47,723 47,932 60,590 60,590 † 63,477 42,909 † †

Oregon...................................................... 64,928 63,880 66,497 70,070 54,578 56,705 60,211 68,151 68,151 59,234 71,672 67,562 † †

Pennsylvania............................................. 77,822 75,247 78,274 85,872 74,055 63,882 58,666 80,862 81,101 98,297 69,413 71,990 41,565 36,960

Rhode Island ............................................ 82,332 71,330 75,110 81,830 62,994 † 59,617 89,110 89,110 93,215 83,485 114,596 † †

South Carolina.......................................... 59,920 61,508 68,918 77,755 62,230 53,103 46,492 52,851 53,182 † 53,650 52,491 38,577 125,743

South Dakota............................................ 55,667 57,484 59,903 60,589 61,041 41,736 44,556 48,579 48,579 † 47,598 49,155 † 36,775

Tennessee ................................................ 63,167 60,962 65,308 68,345 59,946 † 46,984 67,685 67,685 92,784 51,874 54,094 † 27,532

Texas ........................................................ 69,131 68,029 74,035 79,941 60,852 51,206 54,510 74,682 74,908 87,080 64,911 59,610 33,137 21,430

Utah .......................................................... 71,309 64,770 67,810 77,045 58,361 57,961 49,790 89,305 89,658 92,672 65,180 † 56,641 †

Vermont .................................................... 69,851 69,505 69,505 75,162 58,219 55,326 † 70,193 73,487 † 76,985 52,172 43,065 †

Virginia...................................................... 71,924 74,242 78,740 85,851 64,873 66,540 57,742 64,539 64,539 63,943 66,522 63,239 † †

Washington............................................... 67,287 67,215 74,658 81,718 66,315 54,137 55,328 67,637 67,637 71,754 66,582 66,715 † 58,968

West Virginia............................................. 57,440 59,333 61,764 73,454 57,638 51,321 45,352 45,924 45,924 49,092 45,745 44,552 † †

Wisconsin ................................................. 68,531 70,148 69,973 79,971 58,249 86,476 70,493 62,286 62,384 72,233 58,235 55,381 49,631 †

Wyoming................................................... 68,020 68,020 76,719 76,719 † † 58,089 † † † † † † †

U.S. Service Academies........................... 113,473 113,473 113,473 † † 113,473††††††† †

Other jurisdictions .......................... 58,497 58,822 62,896 † 69,777 56,251 31,329 33,971 33,971 † 33,971 † † †

American Samoa...................................... 28,336 28,336 28,336 † † 28,336 † † † † † † † †

Federated States of Micronesia................ 20,727 20,727 † † † † 20,727 † † † † † † †

Guam........................................................ 56,815 56,815 63,389 † 63,389 † 47,327 † † † † † † †

Marshall Islands........................................ 26,335 26,335 † † † † 26,335 † † † † † † †

Northern Marianas ................................... 41,592 41,592 41,592 † † 41,592††††††† †

Palau......................................................... 17,321 17,321 † † † † 17,321 † † † † † † †

Puerto Rico............................................... 64,208 64,772 64,772 † 72,836 58,603 † 33,971 33,971 † 33,971 † † †

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 59,906 59,906 59,906 † 59,906 † † † † † † † † †
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 399

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor’s degrees during the previous academic year.

2Institutions that awarded 20 or more master’s degrees, but less than 20 doctor’s degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title

IV federal financial aid programs. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2009–10

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2009–10. (This table was

prepared September 2010.)

Table 271. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in 4-year degree-granting institutions, by type and control of 

institution, rank of faculty, and state or jurisdiction: 2009–10 

[In current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Public doctoral1 Public master’s2 Not-for-profit doctoral1 Not-for-profit master’s2

Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ................................... $113,534 $78,768 $67,162 $88,021 $70,312 $59,318 $138,137 $87,300 $73,585 $86,768 $68,256 $56,828

Alabama ................................................... 104,894 74,639 59,983 77,703 64,101 53,367 88,983 66,009 54,706 64,503 59,610 50,538

Alaska....................................................... 98,619 74,143 62,679 95,422 73,974 62,288 † † † 69,988 57,438 48,885

Arizona ..................................................... 111,531 78,215 66,929 † † † † † † † † †

Arkansas................................................... 92,878 68,412 60,198 67,125 56,745 49,721 † † † 66,580 58,119 49,767

California .................................................. 133,948 87,156 77,805 95,595 76,122 66,973 140,509 93,146 78,987 101,770 79,088 65,659

Colorado ................................................... 108,183 82,164 68,092 77,791 63,337 55,039 110,931 77,361 64,510 100,950 65,143 56,322

Connecticut............................................... 134,045 91,679 72,406 92,710 73,902 60,121 163,221 83,600 75,525 113,862 83,368 66,871

Delaware................................................... 133,938 89,943 76,216 82,539 67,908 61,894 76,044 70,419 58,945 123,849 101,367 70,176

District of Columbia .................................. † † † 93,628 74,164 56,816 132,688 89,829 72,289 106,413 72,051 62,139

Florida....................................................... 106,615 73,871 65,429 95,450 74,903 60,225 121,330 80,777 70,444 89,466 66,818 57,040

Georgia..................................................... 115,381 80,532 70,608 76,317 61,899 53,153 144,400 90,565 75,906 69,800 60,912 52,313

Hawaii....................................................... 114,808 87,495 75,001 90,483 75,383 66,661 † † † 84,083 71,592 61,378

Idaho......................................................... 83,959 65,494 55,838 77,340 64,036 55,642 † † † 61,213 51,624 42,222

Illinois........................................................ 113,574 76,588 68,903 86,900 68,868 58,941 149,143 88,885 78,055 80,054 66,240 56,783

Indiana...................................................... 109,843 75,498 65,707 79,961 62,367 56,103 123,584 81,457 67,745 81,869 62,553 53,351

Iowa .......................................................... 117,777 81,462 70,833 83,870 67,052 54,418 73,791 58,108 51,946 78,203 58,551 49,539

Kansas...................................................... 107,123 75,358 62,257 80,322 61,056 51,734 † † † 57,791 50,768 45,818

Kentucky ................................................... 103,034 74,725 64,209 82,801 64,166 54,812 76,917 63,378 53,575 57,126 50,109 43,370

Louisiana .................................................. 103,620 74,564 63,645 73,993 61,534 52,440 128,702 83,921 66,676 88,783 64,768 53,299

Maine........................................................ 96,837 75,963 62,353 93,282 72,528 56,877 79,900 63,693 55,046 70,094 57,528 49,936

Maryland................................................... 114,302 82,416 72,360 93,342 73,276 62,342 148,167 105,002 89,106 87,765 70,250 59,823

Massachusetts.......................................... 116,105 88,149 70,799 84,941 68,634 58,956 155,568 97,701 86,285 111,201 79,439 65,000

Michigan ................................................... 118,824 81,314 68,088 86,054 70,822 59,651 60,365 49,770 39,976 75,290 62,367 53,926

Minnesota ................................................. 128,244 84,421 76,270 85,473 68,595 59,488 86,836 68,737 58,305 78,702 62,674 53,501

Mississippi ................................................ 90,292 68,403 57,926 62,661 55,538 49,199 † † † 74,492 55,849 50,506

Missouri .................................................... 98,128 71,341 60,334 75,863 60,239 50,705 129,608 78,760 67,576 70,183 59,196 48,588

Montana.................................................... 81,239 63,627 57,412 66,412 57,688 51,564 † † † 55,118 45,209 41,802

Nebraska .................................................. 114,530 77,648 67,875 78,477 68,888 54,831 100,614 67,766 58,028 64,116 53,845 47,449

Nevada ..................................................... 121,450 88,385 70,622 † † † † † † 74,796 56,908 53,895

New Hampshire ........................................ 113,785 86,010 71,609 85,004 69,774 57,955 131,819 88,392 62,647 87,508 63,058 54,075

New Jersey ............................................... 141,126 96,674 78,311 114,089 88,280 70,947 151,919 91,004 76,315 91,400 79,677 60,104

New Mexico .............................................. 96,251 70,350 61,120 67,589 58,657 49,942 † † † † † †

New York................................................... 125,088 89,645 72,888 102,753 79,744 66,177 144,229 91,830 75,063 94,590 74,380 61,564

North Carolina .......................................... 120,310 81,421 71,338 90,621 73,097 62,192 149,686 93,559 74,335 66,139 57,031 49,818

North Dakota ............................................ 89,386 71,824 61,887 75,293 58,148 53,145 62,575 54,084 46,141 † † †

Ohio .......................................................... 107,314 75,890 64,133 † † † 108,558 71,438 61,606 74,521 61,106 50,960

Oklahoma ................................................. 103,452 73,628 63,225 71,705 60,310 52,152 102,867 75,606 60,553 69,261 57,170 49,690

Oregon...................................................... 97,574 74,882 65,826 68,237 54,997 45,671 70,646 59,939 51,196 96,581 67,970 59,742

Pennsylvania............................................. 122,678 86,302 68,008 100,525 80,216 64,209 134,541 88,320 76,260 91,023 71,333 59,861

Rhode Island ............................................ 104,797 77,667 66,214 76,144 65,835 55,717 136,619 78,153 70,314 104,401 85,886 69,799

South Carolina.......................................... 106,184 76,027 68,042 79,917 65,472 56,265 † † † 79,770 62,891 49,644

South Dakota............................................ 82,856 64,695 56,370 81,873 63,263 52,842 † † † 58,622 48,062 43,807

Tennessee ................................................ 90,822 68,077 56,292 74,201 59,749 49,630 131,272 83,665 67,686 61,988 54,330 47,735

Texas ........................................................ 114,822 78,609 69,144 82,227 67,314 58,784 121,727 84,310 75,653 84,139 64,975 54,774

Utah .......................................................... 96,876 71,501 67,053 71,926 61,150 51,654 119,844 88,652 80,793 79,109 68,915 58,888

Vermont .................................................... 109,789 81,029 68,005 72,436 58,889 44,538 † † † 106,949 73,866 62,420

Virginia...................................................... 115,597 81,077 66,307 81,194 66,529 56,919 80,990 67,762 56,997 90,140 69,242 54,421

Washington............................................... 106,936 79,834 70,462 83,294 68,390 62,158 91,287 69,727 58,213 93,800 69,392 61,166

West Virginia............................................. 102,035 72,995 59,107 71,203 58,668 49,562 65,768 50,408 46,039 54,515 50,490 42,873

Wisconsin ................................................. 104,083 74,204 67,343 71,504 60,127 54,593 98,577 74,360 61,397 69,393 59,170 51,137

Wyoming................................................... 108,682 77,205 68,249 † † † † † † † † †

U.S. Service Academies........................... † † ††††††††† †

Other jurisdictions .......................... 80,069 66,381 61,635 84,121 65,983 53,956 † † 43,440 † † †

American Samoa...................................... † † † † † † † † † † † †

Federated States of Micronesia................ † † ††††††††† †

Guam........................................................ † † † 86,406 67,156 55,830 † † † † † †

Marshall Islands........................................ † † ††††††††† †

Northern Marianas ................................... † † ††††††††† †

Palau......................................................... † † † † † † † † † † † †

Puerto Rico............................................... 80,069 66,381 61,635 † † † † † 43,440 † † †

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... † † † 80,843 64,591 52,178 † † † † † †
400 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor’s degrees during the previous academic year.

2Institutions that awarded 20 or more master’s degrees, but less than 20 doctor’s degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title

IV federal financial aid programs. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2008–09. (This table was

prepared July 2009.)

Table 272. Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in 4-year degree-granting institutions, by type and control of 

institution, rank of faculty, and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 

[In current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Public doctoral1 Public master’s2 Not-for-profit doctoral1 Not-for-profit master’s2

Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor Professor

Associate

professor

Assistant

professor

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ................................... $112,569 $78,375 $66,754 $86,611 $69,092 $58,373 $138,584 $87,777 $73,289 $85,704 $67,879 $56,333

Alabama ................................................... 103,801 73,722 59,697 76,781 63,969 52,613 89,618 65,125 54,899 66,063 58,835 48,676

Alaska....................................................... 94,952 70,881 60,221 90,258 72,071 59,002 † † † 66,779 55,340 48,804

Arizona ..................................................... 110,591 77,146 66,260 † † † † † † † † †

Arkansas................................................... 93,019 69,195 60,875 67,083 57,180 49,379 † † † 66,507 58,494 48,779

California .................................................. 129,851 85,526 75,646 94,241 76,107 66,642 140,030 92,441 77,996 102,854 79,092 64,372

Colorado ................................................... 109,418 81,866 67,634 77,591 62,739 53,940 111,467 79,158 64,916 101,639 65,436 58,539

Connecticut............................................... 133,017 91,837 73,913 92,419 72,900 59,448 169,425 90,566 77,557 110,729 79,667 66,367

Delaware................................................... 129,217 86,890 73,807 79,651 65,318 60,437 72,189 65,987 57,209 122,169 97,891 63,639

District of Columbia .................................. † † † 95,427 74,403 58,871 134,608 89,854 71,797 100,660 70,853 58,683

Florida....................................................... 106,877 74,042 65,740 87,715 69,380 56,991 120,410 79,455 67,237 88,554 65,450 56,605

Georgia..................................................... 114,573 79,045 68,590 74,824 60,389 52,409 139,944 89,196 74,839 68,644 61,191 52,909

Hawaii....................................................... 114,730 87,935 75,535 90,663 74,818 67,107 † † † 81,522 71,609 58,753

Idaho......................................................... 83,140 65,913 55,754 78,330 64,013 55,225 † † † 59,150 49,712 40,870

Illinois........................................................ 111,880 75,645 68,945 85,310 67,414 57,367 153,784 93,045 81,918 78,177 65,105 54,282

Indiana...................................................... 108,606 75,481 65,026 80,688 61,974 55,637 133,470 84,253 71,292 78,849 60,077 53,204

Iowa .......................................................... 118,184 81,445 71,553 85,451 68,185 55,490 72,334 54,969 50,438 77,261 59,767 49,505

Kansas...................................................... 107,416 75,489 62,734 82,156 62,599 51,456 † † † 57,547 50,440 45,543

Kentucky ................................................... 103,336 74,082 63,641 82,471 64,597 55,117 76,734 61,727 51,771 56,659 49,732 43,379

Louisiana .................................................. 103,844 75,878 63,964 74,437 62,404 52,819 126,621 82,876 63,848 86,441 62,993 53,922

Maine........................................................ 93,920 74,081 60,627 92,785 71,247 57,734 † † † 76,530 61,024 50,712

Maryland................................................... 126,152 88,311 76,175 85,313 69,406 61,459 135,506 94,468 80,440 89,359 68,271 58,748

Massachusetts.......................................... 116,037 89,378 70,453 83,787 67,391 58,497 156,132 96,334 83,783 110,773 80,459 65,496

Michigan ................................................... 116,268 79,895 66,918 84,467 68,713 59,326 57,510 47,474 38,768 73,617 61,031 51,499

Minnesota ................................................. 130,692 85,843 74,596 84,184 67,433 58,295 87,285 68,829 57,776 78,582 63,265 52,595

Mississippi ................................................ 90,822 69,399 58,401 61,472 56,036 49,088 † † † 72,893 56,369 49,496

Missouri .................................................... 98,571 71,972 60,753 75,997 60,018 50,550 130,473 78,126 67,552 70,542 58,415 49,131

Montana.................................................... 79,967 64,277 57,158 68,655 58,021 53,518 † † † 47,809 42,090 37,409

Nebraska .................................................. 103,250 75,684 63,886 72,904 61,409 48,552 101,287 69,004 59,146 63,905 53,126 47,418

Nevada ..................................................... 122,641 89,235 70,659 † † † † † † 73,986 55,250 51,141

New Hampshire ........................................ 114,042 85,870 70,370 85,769 69,868 58,294 145,656 96,911 72,127 84,588 61,242 54,020

New Jersey ............................................... 131,438 93,125 73,267 113,882 88,023 70,998 154,864 91,321 75,324 92,681 77,430 60,349

New Mexico .............................................. 95,069 69,537 60,645 68,592 57,742 50,408 † † † 74,587 55,343 †

New York................................................... 122,234 86,258 70,253 100,474 76,912 64,250 141,349 91,976 74,936 94,716 73,524 59,806

North Carolina .......................................... 119,714 82,667 72,238 91,096 73,680 62,830 146,917 93,703 72,597 65,406 58,336 50,242

North Dakota ............................................ 84,361 67,466 60,349 68,828 56,701 50,795 61,009 52,754 45,091 † † †

Ohio .......................................................... 105,617 74,306 62,308 88,909 69,912 58,663 108,913 73,660 63,820 73,945 60,457 50,626

Oklahoma ................................................. 102,972 72,955 62,839 71,381 59,566 51,654 † † † 81,409 63,627 52,346

Oregon...................................................... 93,846 70,490 62,776 68,864 54,625 44,677 70,050 60,286 51,393 95,129 67,130 58,189

Pennsylvania............................................. 120,970 84,707 66,972 97,316 77,665 62,269 137,168 90,778 76,087 91,568 71,494 59,907

Rhode Island ............................................ 101,943 74,364 65,885 73,460 63,958 54,266 136,734 77,913 68,797 102,161 85,246 68,427

South Carolina.......................................... 109,135 76,987 68,575 78,144 65,518 56,388 † † † 56,967 59,861 49,764

South Dakota............................................ 82,966 63,991 55,852 80,395 63,268 53,269 † † † 60,003 49,950 44,101

Tennessee ................................................ 91,893 69,966 57,695 77,078 60,921 50,649 132,254 84,430 66,876 61,769 53,162 46,857

Texas ........................................................ 113,333 76,831 68,281 81,075 66,446 57,697 118,586 83,876 75,814 83,589 63,822 53,749

Utah .......................................................... 99,881 72,635 67,210 72,486 60,589 51,715 118,530 87,354 77,212 79,639 64,331 57,672

Vermont .................................................... 104,378 77,824 65,836 69,127 53,616 43,078 † † † 104,387 74,220 61,734

Virginia...................................................... 118,958 84,101 68,437 82,879 67,284 56,605 77,479 64,769 56,210 85,581 68,864 54,461

Washington............................................... 106,677 79,846 70,533 82,307 67,471 60,507 91,973 69,553 57,907 82,600 68,628 60,250

West Virginia............................................. 101,800 72,067 59,019 71,895 58,641 48,971 65,369 49,688 46,019 54,655 49,446 43,035

Wisconsin ................................................. 102,907 73,222 66,288 71,943 59,682 53,736 101,679 73,898 59,379 69,719 60,298 51,153

Wyoming................................................... 104,607 75,001 65,567 † † † † † † † † †

U.S. Service Academies........................... † † ††††††††† †

Other jurisdictions .......................... † † † 79,982 64,492 58,177 † † † † 32,400 44,565

American Samoa...................................... † † † † † † † † † † † †

Federated States of Micronesia................ † † ††††††††† †

Guam........................................................ † † † 82,219 66,239 53,640 † † † † † †

Marshall Islands........................................ † † ††††††††† †

Northern Marianas ................................... † † ††††††††† †

Palau......................................................... † † † † † † † † † † † †

Puerto Rico............................................... † † † 79,721 66,131 61,178 † † † † 32,400 44,565

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... † † † 80,899 55,028 54,672 † † † † † †
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 401

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 273. Average benefit expenditure for full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by type of benefit 

and control of institution: Selected years, 1977–78 through 2009–10 

Control and year

Average

total

benefit per

full-time

faculty

member

Average benefit expenditure per full-time faculty member receiving benefit

Retirement plans

Medical/

dental

plans

Guaranted

disability

income

protection

Tuition

plan for

dependentsHousing

plan

Social

Security

taxes

Unemployment

compensation

taxes

Group life

insurance

Worker’s

compensation

taxes

Other

insurance

Other

Total benefits

Vested

within

5 years

Vested

after

5 years

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Current dollars

Total

1977–78...................... $3,203 $1,725 $1,739 $1,691 $521 $96 $1,410 $886 $899 $109 $105 $80 — $288

1982–83...................... 5,799 2,731 2,741 2,703 1,111 151 1,993 1,639 1,712 146 138 114 — 915

1987–88...................... 7,227 3,677 3,494 4,028 1,682 132 1,585 2,004 2,379 134 178 190 — 716

1989–90...................... 8,241 4,048 3,974 4,192 2,339 147 2,070 2,643 2,764 121 182 49 — 637

1992–93...................... 10,473 4,397 4,391 4,410 3,266 179 2,196 2,574 3,168 143 237 344 — 874

1997–98...................... 12,263 5,289 5,195 5,498 3,535 218 2,765 4,100 3,562 158 195 340 $1,501 1,043

1998–99...................... 12,580 5,256 5,268 5,228 3,726 213 3,012 3,698 3,668 152 190 347 1,267 845

1999–2000.................. 13,227 5,292 5,365 5,125 3,989 237 3,362 4,187 3,793 146 190 343 1,512 1,303

2001–02...................... 14,408 5,541 5,738 5,126 4,792 250 3,487 4,931 4,079 164 231 402 668 1,267

2002–03...................... 15,552 5,781 6,039 5,208 5,396 264 3,308 4,329 4,158 170 211 411 797 1,263

2003–04...................... 16,437 5,895 6,161 5,281 5,919 261 3,506 6,101 4,260 191 215 435 951 1,452

2004–05...................... 17,269 6,211 6,429 5,682 6,314 272 4,072 4,176 4,354 225 199 481 853 1,637

2005–06...................... 18,082 6,402 6,571 6,010 6,863 280 4,511 5,599 4,451 228 210 473 1,095 1,457

2006–07...................... 18,783 6,710 6,851 6,361 7,217 280 5,029 6,914 4,627 176 217 484 1,226 1,564

2007–08...................... 19,756 7,033 7,142 6,767 7,635 282 5,607 7,436 4,773 168 215 509 1,172 1,706

2008–09...................... 20,332 7,222 7,396 6,797 7,900 291 5,596 9,001 4,918 169 213 498 1,156 1,540

2009–10...................... 20,978 7,292 7,472 6,846 8,389 276 6,016 8,729 4,993 180 211 499 1,155 1,561

Public

1977–78...................... 3,252 1,791 1,833 1,724 560 99 430 846 911 99 105 88 — 94

1982–83...................... 5,920 2,846 2,880 2,776 1,189 153 576 1,027 1,741 139 140 115 — 980

1987–88...................... 7,146 3,815 3,602 4,086 1,757 140 404 1,172 2,399 109 180 192 — 611

1989–90...................... 8,361 4,186 4,128 4,259 2,425 154 605 1,767 2,771 97 182 60 — 602

1992–93...................... 10,280 4,467 4,469 4,464 3,352 188 693 1,135 3,122 117 250 318 — 827

1997–98...................... 12,114 5,432 5,302 5,617 3,646 219 830 2,614 3,482 133 187 340 1,643 1,175

1998–99...................... 12,192 5,249 5,230 5,276 3,830 202 828 1,826 3,553 127 183 348 1,252 709

1999–2000.................. 12,756 5,258 5,297 5,200 4,131 237 962 2,283 3,660 121 176 347 1,603 1,272

2001–02...................... 13,919 5,437 5,641 5,158 4,936 254 994 686 3,930 137 233 402 694 1,162

2002–03...................... 15,097 5,703 5,968 5,323 5,565 274 978 2,415 4,005 142 198 402 872 1,274

2003–04...................... 15,916 5,757 6,044 5,330 6,127 262 1,022 4,589 4,073 173 206 425 901 1,334

2004–05...................... 16,769 6,104 6,321 5,760 6,498 274 1,280 3,655 4,161 202 189 479 866 1,725

2005–06...................... 17,594 6,308 6,458 6,078 7,126 279 1,483 4,418 4,237 210 202 446 1,209 1,299

2006–07...................... 18,299 6,620 6,743 6,419 7,446 281 1,609 393 4,409 149 202 494 1,303 1,523

2007–08...................... 19,245 6,994 7,071 6,872 7,858 289 1,815 3,382 4,542 136 197 520 1,209 1,516

2008–09...................... 19,778 7,156 7,292 6,941 8,079 291 1,876 4,635 4,657 138 194 511 1,245 1,475

2009–10...................... 20,435 7,237 7,387 6,998 8,613 276 1,972 4,276 4,717 148 189 509 1,269 1,543

Private

1977–78...................... 3,071 1,509 1,542 905 404 89 2,025 890 873 131 103 60 — 838

1982–83...................... 5,462 2,340 2,404 1,295 886 146 3,403 1,798 1,648 170 134 113 — 212

1987–88...................... 7,438 3,280 3,306 2,906 1,488 120 3,666 2,303 2,337 197 175 184 — 977

1989–90...................... 7,954 3,657 3,718 2,478 2,112 134 4,259 3,032 2,750 188 182 25 — 712

1992–93...................... 10,958 4,206 4,259 2,877 3,039 163 4,523 2,956 3,267 212 207 402 — 957

1997–98...................... 12,629 4,915 5,023 2,531 3,255 216 5,513 4,228 3,735 222 209 339 1,207 897

1998–99...................... 13,519 5,274 5,327 3,879 3,468 231 6,722 3,936 3,915 219 205 345 1,313 1,020

1999–2000.................. 14,366 5,380 5,471 3,354 3,638 237 6,951 4,349 4,074 213 215 335 1,331 1,342

2001–02...................... 15,644 5,818 5,897 4,518 4,416 245 7,159 5,083 4,414 242 225 403 628 1,450

2002–03...................... 16,660 5,981 6,153 2,983 4,964 249 6,943 4,348 4,490 247 236 429 629 1,248

2003–04...................... 17,687 6,245 6,346 4,225 5,395 259 7,481 6,104 4,667 239 231 457 1,057 1,584

2004–05...................... 18,465 6,483 6,603 4,092 5,849 269 7,600 4,455 4,775 284 217 484 821 1,527

2005–06...................... 19,258 6,637 6,756 5,037 6,195 281 8,594 6,001 4,914 275 223 528 860 1,658

2006–07...................... 19,942 6,935 7,027 5,382 6,632 278 9,610 7,750 5,097 248 246 465 1,049 1,619

2007–08...................... 20,984 7,131 7,257 4,843 7,062 272 10,368 7,474 5,275 253 248 487 1,098 1,944

2008–09...................... 21,656 7,385 7,564 4,195 7,442 292 9,941 9,017 5,489 251 251 472 985 1,628

2009–10...................... 22,258 7,426 7,608 3,951 7,824 275 10,805 8,750 5,590 265 250 479 919 1,580

See notes at end of table.
402 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to an academic-year basis.

NOTE: Data through 1992–93 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting

classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes

more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant

degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and

Fringe Benefits” surveys, 1977–78 and 1982–83; and 1987–88 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of

Full-Time Instructional Faculty Survey” (IPEDS-SA:87–99), and Winter 2001–02 through

Winter 2009–10. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Constant 2008–09 dollars1

Total

1977–78...................... 10,978 5,910 5,961 5,796 1,785 328 4,832 3,038 3,082 372 359 273 — 986

1982–83...................... 12,682 5,972 5,994 5,912 2,431 329 4,359 3,584 3,744 320 303 250 — 2,000

1987–88...................... 13,392 6,813 6,474 7,464 3,117 245 2,937 3,714 4,408 248 330 352 — 1,326

1989–90...................... 13,932 6,843 6,718 7,087 3,954 248 3,500 4,469 4,673 205 308 83 — 1,077

1992–93...................... 15,773 6,622 6,614 6,642 4,919 269 3,308 3,876 4,771 215 357 518 — 1,317

1997–98...................... 16,275 7,019 6,894 7,297 4,692 289 3,670 5,441 4,728 209 258 451 1,992 1,384

1998–99...................... 16,411 6,857 6,872 6,820 4,860 278 3,930 4,824 4,785 198 248 453 1,653 1,103

1999–2000.................. 16,771 6,711 6,802 6,498 5,057 301 4,263 5,309 4,810 185 241 435 1,917 1,652

2001–02...................... 17,356 6,675 6,913 6,176 5,772 301 4,201 5,941 4,914 198 278 485 804 1,526

2002–03...................... 18,332 6,815 7,119 6,139 6,361 311 3,899 5,102 4,901 200 249 484 939 1,488

2003–04...................... 18,960 6,800 7,106 6,091 6,828 301 4,045 7,038 4,914 220 248 502 1,097 1,674

2004–05...................... 19,338 6,956 7,199 6,363 7,070 305 4,560 4,677 4,876 252 223 538 955 1,833

2005–06...................... 19,506 6,906 7,089 6,483 7,404 302 4,866 6,040 4,801 246 226 510 1,181 1,572

2006–07...................... 19,751 7,055 7,204 6,689 7,589 294 5,288 7,270 4,865 186 228 509 1,289 1,644

2007–08...................... 20,032 7,131 7,242 6,861 7,742 286 5,685 7,539 4,840 171 218 516 1,189 1,730

2008–09...................... 20,332 7,222 7,396 6,797 7,900 291 5,596 9,001 4,918 169 213 498 1,156 1,540

2009–10...................... 20,777 7,222 7,400 6,781 8,309 273 5,959 8,645 4,945 178 209 495 1,144 1,546

Public

1977–78...................... 11,145 6,137 6,281 5,908 1,920 341 1,473 2,901 3,123 339 360 302 — 321

1982–83...................... 12,948 6,225 6,299 6,072 2,600 334 1,260 2,246 3,808 303 306 251 — 2,144

1987–88...................... 13,242 7,069 6,675 7,571 3,256 260 749 2,172 4,445 202 333 356 — 1,133

1989–90...................... 14,135 7,076 6,978 7,200 4,100 261 1,024 2,987 4,684 163 308 101 — 1,017

1992–93...................... 15,483 6,728 6,731 6,723 5,049 282 1,044 1,710 4,702 176 377 480 — 1,246

1997–98...................... 16,077 7,209 7,037 7,455 4,839 291 1,101 3,469 4,621 177 248 452 2,180 1,560

1998–99...................... 15,906 6,847 6,823 6,883 4,996 263 1,080 2,382 4,635 166 238 454 1,633 925

1999–2000.................. 16,175 6,667 6,716 6,593 5,238 300 1,220 2,894 4,641 153 223 440 2,032 1,613

2001–02...................... 16,767 6,549 6,795 6,213 5,946 306 1,197 827 4,734 166 281 485 836 1,400

2002–03...................... 17,795 6,722 7,035 6,274 6,560 323 1,153 2,847 4,721 167 234 473 1,028 1,501

2003–04...................... 18,359 6,640 6,972 6,148 7,067 303 1,178 5,293 4,698 199 238 490 1,039 1,539

2004–05...................... 18,778 6,835 7,078 6,450 7,276 307 1,434 4,092 4,660 227 212 536 970 1,932

2005–06...................... 18,979 6,804 6,966 6,557 7,687 301 1,599 4,765 4,571 227 218 482 1,304 1,402

2006–07...................... 19,242 6,961 7,091 6,750 7,830 296 1,692 414 4,636 157 212 520 1,370 1,602

2007–08...................... 19,513 7,092 7,170 6,968 7,968 293 1,840 3,430 4,605 138 200 527 1,226 1,537

2008–09...................... 19,778 7,156 7,292 6,941 8,079 291 1,876 4,635 4,657 138 194 511 1,245 1,475

2009–10...................... 20,240 7,168 7,316 6,931 8,530 274 1,953 4,235 4,672 147 188 504 1,257 1,529

Private

1977–78...................... 10,527 5,171 5,284 3,103 1,386 305 6,942 3,049 2,990 448 355 206 — 2,872

1982–83...................... 11,946 5,118 5,257 2,833 1,939 319 7,442 3,932 3,604 372 294 247 — 464

1987–88...................... 13,783 6,079 6,127 5,385 2,757 222 6,794 4,268 4,331 366 324 340 — 1,810

1989–90...................... 13,447 6,183 6,285 4,189 3,570 226 7,200 5,126 4,650 319 308 42 — 1,204

1992–93...................... 16,504 6,335 6,414 4,334 4,577 246 6,812 4,452 4,921 319 312 605 — 1,441

1997–98...................... 16,760 6,524 6,667 3,358 4,319 287 7,316 5,612 4,958 295 278 450 1,601 1,191

1998–99...................... 17,636 6,881 6,950 5,060 4,524 301 8,769 5,134 5,107 286 268 450 1,712 1,331

1999–2000.................. 18,216 6,821 6,937 4,252 4,612 301 8,813 5,514 5,166 270 273 424 1,688 1,701

2001–02...................... 18,845 7,008 7,104 5,443 5,320 295 8,625 6,123 5,318 291 272 485 756 1,747

2002–03...................... 19,638 7,050 7,252 3,517 5,852 293 8,184 5,126 5,292 291 279 506 742 1,471

2003–04...................... 20,402 7,204 7,320 4,873 6,223 299 8,630 7,042 5,383 275 267 527 1,219 1,827

2004–05...................... 20,677 7,260 7,394 4,583 6,550 301 8,511 4,989 5,348 318 243 542 920 1,710

2005–06...................... 20,774 7,160 7,288 5,433 6,682 304 9,270 6,474 5,301 297 241 569 928 1,789

2006–07...................... 20,970 7,292 7,389 5,660 6,974 292 10,106 8,149 5,360 261 258 488 1,103 1,702

2007–08...................... 21,277 7,230 7,359 4,911 7,161 276 10,513 7,579 5,349 256 251 494 1,113 1,972

2008–09...................... 21,656 7,385 7,564 4,195 7,442 292 9,941 9,017 5,489 251 251 472 985 1,628

2009–10...................... 22,044 7,355 7,535 3,913 7,749 272 10,701 8,667 5,537 262 248 474 910 1,565

Table 273. Average benefit expenditure for full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting institutions, by type of benefit 

and control of institution: Selected years, 1977–78 through 2009–10—Continued 

Control and year

Average

total

benefit per

full-time

faculty

member

Average benefit expenditure per full-time faculty member receiving benefit

Retirement plans

Medical/

dental

plans

Guaranted

disability

income

protection

Tuition

plan for

dependentsHousing

plan

Social

Security

taxes

Unemployment

compensation

taxes

Group life

insurance

Worker’s

compensation

taxes

Other

insurance

Other

Total benefits

Vested

within

5 years

Vested

after

5 years

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 403

Staff

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor’s degrees during the previous academic year. 2Institutions that awarded 20 or more master’s degrees, but less than 20 doctor’s degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: The coverage of this table differs from similar tables published in editions of the Digest

prior to 2003. Previous tenure tabulations included only instructional staff classified as full-time

faculty; this table includes all staff with full-time instructional duties, including faculty and other

instructional staff. Data for 1993–94 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and

excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide

to Sources for details.) Beginning in 2007–08, includes institutions with fewer than 15 full-time

employees; institutions with fewer than 15 employees did not report staff data prior to 2007–08.

Some data have been revised from previously published figures. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1993–94

through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDSS:93–99), Winter 2007–08, and Winter 2009–10. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 274. Percentage of full-time instructional staff with tenure for degree-granting institutions with a tenure system, by academic rank, sex, 

and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1993–94 through 2009–10 

Academic year, control 

and type of institution

Percent of

institutions

with tenure

systems

Percent of full-time instructional staff with tenure

Total Professor Associate professor Assistant professor

Instructor Lecturer

No

academic

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1993–94

All institutions..................... 62.6 56.2 62.6 42.7 91.9 92.8 87.7 76.8 77.5 75.1 14.4 13.6 15.5 38.3 10.8 26.0

Public institutions ........... 73.6 58.9 65.4 45.6 92.6 93.6 87.5 80.8 81.6 78.9 17.1 16.1 18.5 45.5 7.2 28.6

4-year ......................... 92.6 56.3 63.5 39.3 94.3 94.7 92.0 80.4 81.2 78.4 13.8 13.0 14.8 4.4 5.4 6.1

Doctoral1................. 100.0 54.5 62.1 35.0 94.2 94.7 90.1 81.3 82.1 79.2 7.3 6.7 8.3 2.8 2.1 5.4

Master’s2................. 98.3 60.5 67.7 46.1 95.4 95.5 95.0 79.3 80.0 77.7 23.0 23.0 22.9 6.4 11.7 11.0

Other ...................... 76.4 51.1 56.3 40.0 88.4 88.8 86.4 76.5 77.3 74.8 22.7 22.8 22.6 4.6 15.0 6.4

2-year ......................... 62.1 69.9 75.4 63.0 80.7 83.7 75.5 84.2 86.4 81.5 47.7 51.1 44.6 68.9 39.9 65.7

Not-for-profit institutions. 62.0 49.5 56.0 35.5 90.3 90.8 88.1 67.6 68.1 66.5 9.0 8.7 9.4 6.1 21.9 18.9

4-year ......................... 66.3 49.5 56.0 35.4 90.3 90.8 88.0 67.6 68.1 66.5 9.0 8.7 9.4 5.5 21.6 15.7

Doctoral1................. 90.5 47.6 53.5 31.9 90.5 90.8 88.5 62.5 63.4 60.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 8.9 29.2 15.4

Master’s2................. 76.5 51.8 59.2 38.2 90.8 91.1 89.8 71.3 72.2 69.6 13.4 13.6 13.1 2.6 0.7 10.5

Other ...................... 58.3 50.4 57.4 37.2 89.4 90.4 85.1 70.6 70.9 70.2 11.9 11.9 11.9 3.9 3.4 20.0

2-year ......................... 26.1 47.9 54.5 38.5 88.0 84.3 94.3 63.8 65.1 62.7 12.0 12.3 11.9 20.0 86.7 68.6

For-profit institutions ...... 7.8 33.8 39.0 27.8 95.2 94.1 100.0 — — — ‡ ‡ ‡ 32.9 — —

1999–2000

All institutions..................... 55.0 53.7 59.6 43.2 92.8 93.1 91.2 76.8 76.9 76.7 11.8 11.0 12.9 34.1 3.4 18.3

Public institutions ........... 72.8 55.9 62.0 45.6 93.9 94.4 91.9 81.0 81.2 80.7 14.1 13.1 15.4 39.8 4.1 21.2

4-year ......................... 94.6 53.2 60.3 39.3 94.2 94.6 92.5 80.8 81.0 80.3 10.0 9.5 10.6 3.9 3.0 4.0

Doctoral1................. 100.0 50.4 58.0 34.5 92.9 93.6 89.3 79.9 80.2 79.4 4.7 4.4 5.2 2.1 1.5 1.4

Master’s2................. 95.5 59.1 66.0 48.0 96.9 96.9 96.8 82.7 83.0 82.1 18.1 17.8 18.5 6.4 5.9 25.3

Other ...................... 86.3 54.7 61.2 43.2 94.9 95.1 94.0 80.7 81.3 79.7 21.8 24.1 18.8 5.8 7.2 49.3

2-year ......................... 60.3 67.7 70.6 64.5 91.2 92.2 89.7 83.3 83.6 83.1 53.8 56.0 52.0 60.4 21.2 64.4

Not-for-profit institutions. 59.0 48.2 54.2 36.8 90.3 90.5 89.7 68.0 67.8 68.4 7.5 6.8 8.2 1.8 1.2 7.4

4-year ......................... 63.4 48.1 54.1 36.7 90.3 90.5 89.7 68.0 67.8 68.5 7.4 6.8 8.1 1.6 1.2 4.1

Doctoral1................. 81.2 43.4 49.6 29.6 88.6 88.7 87.6 62.6 62.8 62.2 3.0 2.8 3.2 1.0 1.3 0.5

Master’s2................. 72.6 52.3 59.4 41.4 91.2 91.6 90.0 72.0 73.0 70.3 12.1 11.9 12.3 0.9 0.8 22.3

Other ...................... 54.9 53.5 59.3 44.0 93.5 93.8 92.8 73.1 71.2 76.0 9.9 9.4 10.5 3.6 1.6 23.5

2-year ......................... 14.0 59.7 63.3 53.6 96.0 96.0 96.0 57.1 61.3 54.3 31.6 36.7 28.3 30.2 — 65.8

For-profit institutions ...... 4.0 77.4 77.2 77.6 47.4 50.0 33.3 — — — — — — 86.1 — 71.9

2007–08

All institutions..................... 49.5 48.8 54.5 40.4 90.6 90.9 89.6 74.0 73.7 74.6 7.8 7.4 8.2 27.8 1.4 25.2

Public institutions ........... 70.7 50.5 56.2 42.6 92.1 92.4 91.2 77.7 77.5 78.0 9.4 8.7 10.2 33.2 1.8 29.8

4-year ......................... 91.0 47.8 54.5 37.4 92.3 92.5 91.8 77.7 77.5 78.1 5.8 5.4 6.2 2.0 1.2 4.8

Doctoral1................. 100.0 46.1 53.2 33.9 90.6 91.0 89.2 75.0 74.8 75.3 2.2 2.0 2.5 1.1 0.7 1.1

Master’s2................. 98.6 51.9 58.5 43.7 97.1 97.1 97.0 83.8 83.9 83.6 12.1 11.9 12.3 3.0 1.9 6.1

Other ...................... 71.6 49.1 53.5 43.2 92.2 93.5 89.8 81.3 81.8 80.5 16.3 17.1 15.4 5.1 3.1 41.6

2-year ......................... 57.4 63.6 66.7 60.7 89.7 91.1 88.3 77.6 77.9 77.4 45.3 48.7 42.6 56.2 21.8 68.1

Not-for-profit institutions. 57.5 44.7 50.9 35.2 87.5 87.9 86.4 66.8 66.2 67.9 4.7 4.8 4.6 0.6 0.3 8.5

4-year ......................... 60.2 44.7 50.9 35.2 87.5 87.9 86.4 66.8 66.2 67.9 4.7 4.7 4.6 0.4 0.3 8.2

Doctoral1................. 87.8 40.1 46.9 28.5 84.9 85.6 82.2 59.4 59.4 59.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 0.2 0.2 1.9

Master’s2................. 66.0 49.8 56.1 41.7 89.9 90.5 88.4 73.7 73.9 73.4 8.3 8.9 7.8 0.7 0.6 18.0

Other ...................... 49.0 52.7 58.2 44.9 93.2 93.0 93.8 77.2 75.2 80.0 5.0 5.2 4.9 1.0 1.4 41.5

2-year ......................... 13.0 41.3 46.4 37.4 92.5 96.2 85.7 60.0 61.5 59.5 17.9 14.3 20.4 17.8 ‡ 51.6

For-profit institutions ...... 1.4 51.3 58.0 42.1 77.4 77.8 76.5 23.7 35.3 8.0 16.0 23.8 10.3 77.9 ‡ ‡

2009–10

All institutions..................... 47.8 48.7 54.5 40.6 90.3 90.7 89.3 74.6 74.5 74.6 7.2 6.9 7.6 28.2 1.4 24.7

Public institutions ........... 71.2 50.6 56.3 42.9 91.6 92.0 90.6 78.3 78.4 78.2 9.1 8.4 9.8 33.7 1.8 30.2

4-year ......................... 90.9 47.9 54.6 38.0 92.0 92.2 91.4 78.7 78.6 78.8 5.7 5.4 6.0 2.5 1.2 7.5

Doctoral1................. 99.5 45.7 52.9 34.1 90.2 90.6 88.6 75.6 75.7 75.4 2.4 2.2 2.6 0.9 0.7 1.6

Master’s2................. 98.6 53.5 60.0 45.6 97.5 97.5 97.4 86.0 86.2 85.8 11.3 11.5 11.2 3.2 1.8 8.7

Other ...................... 72.4 51.2 55.5 46.1 92.2 93.3 90.2 84.6 85.0 84.0 20.5 21.4 19.6 11.8 3.0 58.7

2-year ......................... 57.7 64.1 67.2 61.4 88.2 89.6 86.9 74.1 75.2 73.3 45.2 48.3 42.9 58.4 22.6 67.6

Not-for-profit institutions. 57.1 44.3 50.6 35.2 87.8 88.2 86.6 67.2 67.0 67.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 0.6 0.3 7.1

4-year ......................... 59.5 44.3 50.6 35.2 87.8 88.2 86.7 67.2 67.0 67.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 0.5 0.3 7.0

Doctoral1................. 83.8 39.7 46.6 28.4 85.6 86.4 82.7 59.7 60.2 59.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 0.2 0.2 1.0

Master’s2................. 65.8 49.8 55.7 42.4 89.7 90.1 88.8 74.0 74.1 73.8 7.2 7.6 6.8 0.7 0.2 20.4

Other ...................... 47.4 53.4 59.1 45.8 93.2 92.9 93.8 79.4 78.6 80.5 4.8 5.0 4.5 1.6 1.6 45.7

2-year ......................... 12.9 38.5 49.5 31.7 86.7 ‡ 70.0 59.3 64.7 56.8 20.5 18.5 21.4 8.2 ‡ 30.0

For-profit institutions ...... 1.5 51.0 58.6 42.1 75.5 74.7 77.8 8.5 3.2 12.5 ‡ ‡ ‡ 87.3 ‡ ‡
404 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Institutions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Institutions

—Not available.

1Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology.

NOTE: Data through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Changes in counts of institutions over time

are partly affected by increasing or decreasing numbers of institutions submitting separate

data for branch campuses. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Education Directory, Colleges and Universities, 1949–50 through 1965–66; Higher Education

General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Institutional Characteristics of Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1966–67 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Institutional Characteristics Survey” (IPEDSIC:86–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 275. Degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2009–10 

Year

All institutions Public Private

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total

4-year,

total

2-year,

total

Not-for-profit For-profit

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Excluding branch campuses

1949–50.............................................. 1,851 1,327 524 641 344 297 1,210 983 227 ————— —

1959–60.............................................. 2,004 1,422 582 695 367 328 1,309 1,055 254 ————— —

1969–70.............................................. 2,525 1,639 886 1,060 426 634 1,465 1,213 252 ————— —

1970–71.............................................. 2,556 1,665 891 1,089 435 654 1,467 1,230 237 ————— —

1971–72.............................................. 2,606 1,675 931 1,137 440 697 1,469 1,235 234 ————— —

1972–73.............................................. 2,665 1,701 964 1,182 449 733 1,483 1,252 231 ————— —

1973–74.............................................. 2,720 1,717 1,003 1,200 440 760 1,520 1,277 243 ————— —

1974–75.............................................. 2,747 1,744 1,003 1,214 447 767 1,533 1,297 236 ————— —

1975–76.............................................. 2,765 1,767 998 1,219 447 772 1,546 1,320 226 ————— —

1976–77.............................................. 2,785 1,783 1,002 1,231 452 779 1,554 1,331 223 ————— —

1977–78.............................................. 2,826 1,808 1,018 1,241 454 787 1,585 1,354 231 ————— —

1978–79.............................................. 2,954 1,843 1,111 1,308 463 845 1,646 1,380 266 ————— —

1979–80.............................................. 2,975 1,863 1,112 1,310 464 846 1,665 1,399 266 ————— —

1980–81.............................................. 3,056 1,861 1,195 1,334 465 869 1,722 1,396 326 1 ————— —

1981–82.............................................. 3,083 1,883 1,200 1,340 471 869 1,743 1,412 331 1 ————— —

1982–83.............................................. 3,111 1,887 1,224 1,336 472 864 1,775 1,415 360 1 ————— —

1983–84.............................................. 3,117 1,914 1,203 1,325 474 851 1,792 1,440 352 ————— —

1984–85.............................................. 3,146 1,911 1,235 1,329 461 868 1,817 1,450 367 ————— —

1985–86.............................................. 3,155 1,915 1,240 1,326 461 865 1,829 1,454 375 ————— —

Including branch campuses

1974–75.............................................. 3,004 1,866 1,138 1,433 537 896 1,571 1,329 242 ————— —

1975–76.............................................. 3,026 1,898 1,128 1,442 545 897 1,584 1,353 231 ————— —

1976–77.............................................. 3,046 1,913 1,133 1,455 550 905 1,591 1,363 228 1,536 1,348 188 55 15 40

1977–78.............................................. 3,095 1,938 1,157 1,473 552 921 1,622 1,386 236 ————— —

1978–79.............................................. 3,134 1,941 1,193 1,474 550 924 1,660 1,391 269 1,564 1,376 188 96 15 81

1979–80.............................................. 3,152 1,957 1,195 1,475 549 926 1,677 1,408 269 ————— —

1980–81.............................................. 3,231 1,957 1,274 1,497 552 945 1,734 1,405 329 1 1,569 1,387 182 165 18 147

1981–82.............................................. 3,253 1,979 1,274 1,498 558 940 1,755 1,421 334 1 ————— —

1982–83.............................................. 3,280 1,984 1,296 1,493 560 933 1,787 1,424 363 1 ————— —

1983–84.............................................. 3,284 2,013 1,271 1,481 565 916 1,803 1,448 355 ————— —

1984–85.............................................. 3,331 2,025 1,306 1,501 566 935 1,830 1,459 371 1,616 1,430 186 214 29 185

1985–86.............................................. 3,340 2,029 1,311 1,498 566 932 1,842 1,463 379 ————— —

1986–87.............................................. 3,406 2,070 1,336 1,533 573 960 1,873 1,497 376 1,635 1,462 173 238 35 203

1987–88.............................................. 3,587 2,135 1,452 1,591 599 992 1,996 1,536 460 1,673 1,487 186 323 49 274

1988–89.............................................. 3,565 2,129 1,436 1,582 598 984 1,983 1,531 452 1,658 1,478 180 325 53 272

1989–90.............................................. 3,535 2,127 1,408 1,563 595 968 1,972 1,532 440 1,656 1,479 177 316 53 263

1990–91.............................................. 3,559 2,141 1,418 1,567 595 972 1,992 1,546 446 1,649 1,482 167 343 64 279

1991–92.............................................. 3,601 2,157 1,444 1,598 599 999 2,003 1,558 445 1,662 1,486 176 341 72 269

1992–93.............................................. 3,638 2,169 1,469 1,624 600 1,024 2,014 1,569 445 1,672 1,493 179 342 76 266

1993–94.............................................. 3,632 2,190 1,442 1,625 604 1,021 2,007 1,586 421 1,687 1,506 181 320 80 240

1994–95.............................................. 3,688 2,215 1,473 1,641 605 1,036 2,047 1,610 437 1,702 1,510 192 345 100 245

1995–96.............................................. 3,706 2,244 1,462 1,655 608 1,047 2,051 1,636 415 1,706 1,519 187 345 117 228

1996–97.............................................. 4,009 2,267 1,742 1,702 614 1,088 2,307 1,653 654 1,693 1,509 184 614 144 470

1997–98.............................................. 4,064 2,309 1,755 1,707 615 1,092 2,357 1,694 663 1,707 1,528 179 650 166 484

1998–99.............................................. 4,048 2,335 1,713 1,681 612 1,069 2,367 1,723 644 1,695 1,531 164 672 192 480

1999–2000.......................................... 4,084 2,363 1,721 1,682 614 1,068 2,402 1,749 653 1,681 1,531 150 721 218 503

2000–01.............................................. 4,182 2,450 1,732 1,698 622 1,076 2,484 1,828 656 1,695 1,551 144 789 277 512

2001–02.............................................. 4,197 2,487 1,710 1,713 628 1,085 2,484 1,859 625 1,676 1,541 135 808 318 490

2002–03.............................................. 4,168 2,466 1,702 1,712 631 1,081 2,456 1,835 621 1,665 1,538 127 791 297 494

2003–04.............................................. 4,236 2,530 1,706 1,720 634 1,086 2,516 1,896 620 1,664 1,546 118 852 350 502

2004–05.............................................. 4,216 2,533 1,683 1,700 639 1,061 2,516 1,894 622 1,637 1,525 112 879 369 510

2005–06.............................................. 4,276 2,582 1,694 1,693 640 1,053 2,583 1,942 641 1,647 1,534 113 936 408 528

2006–07.............................................. 4,314 2,629 1,685 1,688 643 1,045 2,626 1,986 640 1,640 1,533 107 986 453 533

2007–08.............................................. 4,352 2,675 1,677 1,685 653 1,032 2,667 2,022 645 1,624 1,532 92 1,043 490 553

2008–09.............................................. 4,409 2,719 1,690 1,676 652 1,024 2,733 2,067 666 1,629 1,537 92 1,104 530 574

2009–10.............................................. 4,495 2,774 1,721 1,672 672 1,000 2,823 2,102 721 1,624 1,539 85 1,199 563 636
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 276. Degree-granting institutions and branches, by type and control of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2009–10State or jurisdiction Total

All public

institutions

Public 4-year institutions 

Public

2-year

All notfor-profit

institutions

Not-for-profit 4-year institutions 

Total

Research

university,

very high1

Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research

university3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 Special focus6 Total

Research

university,

very high1

Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research

university3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 S

f

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

United States ............ 4,495 1,672 672 66 75 27 261 197 46 1,000 1,624 1,539 33 27 45 341 529 

Alabama ............................ 72 39 14 1 3 0 9 1 0 25 19 19 0 0 1 2 10 Alaska................................ 7 5 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 Arizona .............................. 78 24 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 20 11 11 0 0 0 2 2 Arkansas............................ 50 33 11 0 1 1 5 3 1 22 12 12 0 0 0 1 9 California ........................... 436 147 35 8 1 0 19 5 2 112 146 139 3 1 11 26 22 Colorado ............................ 82 27 12 3 1 1 2 5 0 15 12 11 0 1 0 3 3 Connecticut........................ 45 21 9 1 0 0 4 4 0 12 18 16 1 0 2 6 5 Delaware............................ 10 5 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 5 4 0 0 1 1 1 District of Columbia ........... 18 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 13 13 1 3 1 2 0 Florida................................ 207 43 27 6 3 2 2 13 1 16 61 60 1 1 2 11 21 Georgia.............................. 131 69 27 2 1 1 13 9 1 42 35 33 1 1 0 4 18 Hawaii................................ 20 10 4 1 0 0 0 3 0 6 5 5 0 0 0 2 1 Idaho.................................. 15 7 4 0 1 1 1 1 0 3 4 4 0 0 0 1 2 Illinois................................. 181 60 12 2 2 1 7 0 0 48 84 80 2 2 2 16 22 Indiana............................... 106 29 15 2 1 2 6 4 0 14 41 40 1 0 0 9 20 Iowa ................................... 65 19 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 16 35 34 0 0 0 5 20 Kansas............................... 67 33 8 2 1 0 4 0 1 25 24 22 0 0 0 6 13 Kentucky ............................ 75 24 8 1 1 0 5 1 0 16 26 26 0 0 1 3 14 Louisiana ........................... 87 52 17 1 2 1 9 1 3 35 10 10 1 0 0 2 4 Maine................................. 30 15 8 0 1 0 1 6 0 7 13 12 0 0 0 3 6 Maryland............................ 59 29 13 1 1 1 8 1 1 16 22 22 1 0 0 4 7 Massachusetts................... 125 30 14 1 0 2 7 2 2 16 84 81 5 3 1 14 25 Michigan ............................ 105 45 15 3 2 2 7 1 0 30 51 51 0 0 1 9 23 Minnesota .......................... 117 43 12 1 0 0 8 3 0 31 36 35 0 0 3 6 11 Mississippi ......................... 41 24 9 0 4 0 4 0 1 15 11 11 0 0 0 3 4 Missouri ............................. 132 34 13 1 3 0 6 3 0 21 57 53 1 1 0 12 12 Montana............................. 23 18 6 1 1 0 1 3 0 12 5 4 0 0 0 1 2 Nebraska ........................... 43 15 7 1 0 0 3 2 1 8 19 17 0 0 0 3 9 Nevada .............................. 21 7 6 0 2 0 0 4 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 New Hampshire ................. 28 12 5 0 1 0 2 2 0 7 14 13 1 0 1 2 6 New Jersey ........................ 65 33 14 1 2 0 9 1 1 19 25 25 1 1 1 9 3 New Mexico ....................... 41 28 8 1 1 0 4 1 1 20 3 3 0 0 0 2 1 New York............................ 305 78 43 3 3 0 20 13 4 35 182 164 6 5 6 39 30 North Carolina ................... 137 75 16 2 2 2 6 3 1 59 45 44 1 1 0 5 28 North Dakota ..................... 22 14 8 0 2 0 1 4 1 6 6 5 0 0 0 1 1 Ohio ................................... 213 60 36 2 7 1 1 22 3 24 75 69 1 1 1 18 24 Oklahoma .......................... 61 29 17 0 2 0 6 7 2 12 14 14 0 1 1 3 5 Oregon............................... 60 26 9 1 1 1 3 2 1 17 24 24 0 0 2 3 8 

Pennsylvania...................... 257 61 44 2 1 1 16 22 2 17 114 102 2 2 3 30 36 Rhode Island ..................... 13 3201010019910041South Carolina................... 71 33 13 1 1 1 4 5 1 20 25 23 0 0 0 5 14 South Dakota..................... 25 12 7 0 1 1 0 3 2 5 8 7 0 0 0 1 3 Tennessee ......................... 106 22 9 1 1 2 5 0 0 13 47 45 1 0 1 10 17 Texas ................................. 240 109 45 2 6 3 21 5 8 64 57 53 1 1 2 16 17 Utah ................................... 40 13 7 1 1 0 2 3 0 6 4 3 0 1 0 1 1 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. 1Research universities with a very high level of research activity. 2Research universities with a high level of research activity. 3Institutions that award at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but did not have a high level of research activity. 4Institutions that award at least 50 master’s degrees per year. 5Institutions that primarily emphasize undergraduate education. 6Four-year institutions that award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as medicine, business, fine arts, theology, and engineering. Includes some institutions that have 4-year programs, but have not reported sufficient data to identify program cat- egory. Also includes institutions classified as 4-year under the IPEDS system, w

gie classification system because they primarily award associate’s degrees. NOTE: Relative levels of research activity for research universities were dete

ment expenditures, science and engineering research staffing, and doctoral dethe research index ranking may be obtained from http://www.carnegiefoundatio

Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistion Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 201

Vermont ............................. 25 6 5 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 17 16 0 0 0 5 8 Virginia............................... 119 39 15 2 4 0 6 3 0 24 35 35 0 0 1 7 20 Washington........................ 81 43 16 2 0 0 6 6 2 27 19 19 0 0 0 10 3 West Virginia...................... 45 23 13 0 1 0 1 10 1 10 9 9 0 0 0 2 6 Wisconsin .......................... 77 31 14 1 1 0 9 3 0 17 30 29 0 1 0 10 10 Wyoming............................ 11 8 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U.S. Service Academies.... 5 550000500†††††††

Other jurisdictions ... 86 25 17 0 1 0 2 11 3 8 45 39 0 0 2 5 20 

American Samoa............... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Federated States 

of Micronesia ............... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Guam................................. 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Marshall Islands................. 1 1000000010000000

Northern Marianas ............ 1 1100001000000000

Palau.................................. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Puerto Rico........................ 77 17 14 0 1 0 1 9 3 3 44 38 0 0 2 5 20 U.S. Virgin Islands ............. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Table 276. Degree-granting institutions and branches, by type and control of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2009–10—ContinuedState or jurisdiction Total

All public

institutions

Public 4-year institutions 

Public

2-year

All notfor-profit

institutions

Not-for-profit 4-year institutions 

Total

Research

university,

very high1

Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research

university3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 Special focus6 Total

Research

university,

very high1

Research

university,

high2

Doctoral/

research

university3 Master’s4

Baccalaureate5 S

f

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 407

Institutions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Includes all Title IV institutions that did not grant degrees at the associate’s or

higher level.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2000–01 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 277. Number of non-degree-granting Title IV institutions offering postsecondary education, by control and state or jurisdiction: Selected 

years, 2000–01 through 2009–10

State or jurisdiction

2000–01,

total

2005–06,

total

2006–07,

total

2007–08 2008–09 2009–10

Total Public

Private

Total Public

Private

Total Public

Private

Total

Notforprofit

Forprofit Total

Notforprofit

Forprofit Total

Notforprofit

Forprofit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

United States ............... 2,297 2,187 2,222 2,199 319 1,880 191 1,689 2,223 321 1,902 180 1,722 2,247 317 1,930 185 1,745

Alabama ............................... 10 9 9 6 0 6 1 5 5 0 5 1 4 10 0 10 1 9

Alaska................................... 3 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 3 1 2 1 1

Arizona ................................. 33 34 35 35 3 32 0 32 37 3 34 0 34 38 3 35 0 35

Arkansas............................... 36 32 32 32 3 29 2 27 32 3 29 2 27 33 3 30 2 28

California .............................. 230 235 244 233 9 224 24 200 225 10 215 18 197 230 10 220 20 200

Colorado ............................... 21 26 27 28 4 24 2 22 29 4 25 3 22 31 4 27 3 24

Connecticut........................... 37 36 38 40 0 40 5 35 42 0 42 5 37 43 0 43 5 38

Delaware............................... 4 6 6 6 0 6 1 5 7 0 7 1 6 7 0 7 1 6

District of Columbia .............. 5 6 6 5 0 5 1 4 6 0 6 1 5 5 0 5 1 4

Florida................................... 124 126 129 128 37 91 5 86 142 37 105 5 100 148 37 111 6 105

Georgia................................. 38 44 43 44 1 43 1 42 44 1 43 1 42 42 1 41 1 40

Hawaii................................... 6 5 5 6 0 6 1 5 5 0 5 1 4 4 0 4 1 3

Idaho..................................... 11 13 12 12 0 12 0 12 12 0 12 0 12 14 0 14 0 14

Illinois.................................... 88 94 92 90 2 88 10 78 88 2 86 8 78 98 2 96 8 88

Indiana.................................. 34 28 28 32 3 29 1 28 33 3 30 1 29 35 3 32 1 31

Iowa ...................................... 27 26 26 25 0 25 2 23 27 0 27 2 25 26 0 26 2 24

Kansas.................................. 23 25 27 27 6 21 2 19 23 4 19 1 18 20 1 19 1 18

Kentucky ............................... 52 32 33 34 0 34 2 32 32 0 32 2 30 30 0 30 2 28

Louisiana .............................. 57 57 55 60 13 47 2 45 61 15 46 2 44 60 14 46 2 44

Maine.................................... 11 9 10 10 0 10 3 7 10 0 10 3 7 10 0 10 3 7

Maryland............................... 34 27 27 27 0 27 0 27 30 0 30 0 30 32 0 32 0 32

Massachusetts...................... 60 61 62 61 5 56 3 53 60 5 55 3 52 62 5 57 3 54

Michigan ............................... 72 65 69 68 1 67 2 65 72 1 71 1 70 82 1 81 2 79

Minnesota ............................. 20 21 22 21 0 21 3 18 21 0 21 3 18 22 0 22 3 19

Mississippi ............................ 16 20 19 19 0 19 0 19 20 0 20 0 20 19 0 19 0 19

Missouri ................................ 69 61 65 60 22 38 4 34 61 24 37 4 33 63 24 39 3 36

Montana................................ 10 8 8 7 0 7 1 6 6 0 6 0 6 6 0 6 0 6

Nebraska .............................. 12 10 9 8 0 8 2 6 8 0 8 2 6 8 0 8 2 6

Nevada ................................. 10 9 12 13 0 13 1 12 14 0 14 1 13 16 0 16 1 15

New Hampshire .................... 11 14 14 16 0 16 3 13 15 0 15 2 13 14 0 14 2 12

New Jersey ........................... 89 91 92 87 4 83 9 74 86 4 82 9 73 83 4 79 8 71

New Mexico .......................... 6 7 7 7 0 7 0 7 6 0 6 0 6 6 0 6 0 6

New York............................... 152 133 138 140 32 108 31 77 141 33 108 31 77 139 32 107 32 75

North Carolina ...................... 36 29 27 28 1 27 2 25 32 1 31 2 29 33 1 32 2 30

North Dakota ........................ 5 5 6 6 0 6 0 6 7 0 7 0 7 8 0 8 0 8

Ohio ...................................... 130 119 114 116 48 68 7 61 124 48 76 8 68 126 47 79 8 71

Oklahoma ............................. 84 78 81 80 45 35 0 35 81 45 36 0 36 82 46 36 0 36

Oregon.................................. 28 27 27 25 0 25 0 25 25 0 25 0 25 24 0 24 0 24

Pennsylvania......................... 167 131 129 126 28 98 25 73 122 28 94 24 70 123 28 95 24 71

Rhode Island ........................ 12 10 10 10 0 10 2 8 10 0 10 2 8 10 0 10 2 8

South Carolina...................... 14 21 21 20 0 20 0 20 21 0 21 0 21 23 0 23 0 23

South Dakota........................ 5 6 6 6 0 6 3 3 6 0 6 3 3 6 0 6 3 3

Tennessee ............................ 54 58 62 61 26 35 1 34 63 26 37 1 36 58 26 32 1 31

Texas .................................... 161 169 169 166 1 165 4 161 168 0 168 4 164 154 0 154 4 150

Utah ...................................... 26 24 26 27 2 25 0 25 29 3 26 0 26 30 4 26 0 26

Vermont ................................ 3 4 3 3 1 2 0 2 3 1 2 0 2 4 1 3 0 3

Virginia.................................. 56 42 41 37 7 30 6 24 35 7 28 6 22 34 7 27 7 20

Washington........................... 42 37 39 41 1 40 4 36 39 1 38 4 34 36 1 35 4 31

West Virginia......................... 36 31 32 29 12 17 6 11 28 11 17 6 11 27 11 16 5 11

Wisconsin ............................. 24 22 24 27 0 27 7 20 27 0 27 7 20 29 0 29 8 21

Wyoming............................... 3 2 2 2 1 1 0 1101011010 1

Other jurisdictions ...... 74 74 80 72 0 72 13 59 69 1 68 11 57 68 1 67 11 56

American Samoa.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Guam.................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Northern Marianas ............... 0 0 000000000000000 0

Palau..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico........................... 74 74 80 72 0 72 13 59 69 1 68 11 57 68 1 67 11 56

U.S. Virgin Islands ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 0
408 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Institutions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available

NOTE: This table indicates the year by which the institution no longer operated (generally it

closed at the end of or during the prior year). Data through 1995–96 are for institutions of

higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting

institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial

aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education

institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Education Directory, Higher Education, 1969–70 through 1974–75; Education Directory, Colleges

and Universities, 1975–76 through 1985–86; 1982–83 Supplement to the Education Directory, Colleges and Universities; and 1986–87 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System, “Institutional Characteristics Survey” (IPEDS-IC:86-99), and

Spring 2000 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 278. Degree-granting institutions that have closed their doors, by control and type of institution: 1969–70 through 2009–10

Year

All institutions Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit For-profit

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Excluding branch campuses

1969–70..................................... 18 8 10 3 0 3 15 8 7 ——————

1970–71..................................... 32 9 23 9 0 9 23 9 14 ——————

1971–72..................................... 12 3 9 303936 ——————

1972–73..................................... 19 12 7 2 0 2 17 12 5 ——————

1973–74..................................... 18 11 7 0 0 0 18 11 7 ——————

1974–75..................................... 17 13 4 3 0 3 14 13 1 ——————

1975–76..................................... 8 6 2 211651 ——————

1976–77..................................... 8 5 3 000853 ——————

1977–78..................................... 12 9 3 0 0 0 12 9 3 ——————

1978–79..................................... 9 4 5 000945 ——————

1979–80..................................... 6 5 1 000651 ——————

1980–81..................................... 4 3 1 000431 ——————

1981–82..................................... 7 6 1 000761 ——————

1982–83..................................... 7 4 3 000743 ——————

1983–84..................................... 4 4 0 000440 ——————

1984–85..................................... 4 4 0 000440 ——————

1985–86..................................... 10 6 4 101963 ——————

1986–87 and 1987–88............... 25 19 6 1 0 1 24 19 5 ——————

1988–89..................................... 14 6 8 0 0 0 14 6 8 ——————

1989–90..................................... 12 6 6 0 0 0 12 6 6 ——————

1990–91..................................... 10 4 6 0 0 0 10 4 6 ——————

1991–92..................................... 10 7 3 0 0 0 10 7 3 ——————

Including branch campuses

1969–70..................................... 24 10 14 5 1 4 19 9 10 ——————

1970–71..................................... 35 10 25 11 0 11 24 10 14 ——————

1971–72..................................... 14 5 9 3 0 3 11 5 6 ——————

1972–73..................................... 21 12 9 4 0 4 17 12 5 ——————

1973–74..................................... 20 12 8 1 0 1 19 12 7 ——————

1974–75..................................... 18 13 5 4 0 4 14 13 1 ——————

1975–76..................................... 9 7 2 211761 ——————

1976–77..................................... 9 6 3 000963 ——————

1977–78..................................... 12 9 3 0 0 0 12 9 3 ——————

1978–79..................................... 9 4 5 000945 ——————

1979–80..................................... 6 5 1 000651 ——————

1980–81..................................... 4 3 1 000431 ——————

1981–82..................................... 7 6 1 000761 ——————

1982–83..................................... 7 4 3 000743 ——————

1983–84..................................... 5 5 0 110440 ——————

1984–85..................................... 4 4 0 000440 ——————

1985–86..................................... 12 8 4 1 1 0 11 7 4 ——————

1986–87 and 1987–88............... 26 19 7 1 0 1 25 19 6 ——————

1988–89..................................... 14 6 8 0 0 0 14 6 8 ——————

1989–90..................................... 19 8 11 0 0 0 19 8 11 ——————

1990–91..................................... 18 6 12 0 0 0 18 6 12 7 5 2 11 1 10

1991–92..................................... 26 8 18 1 0 1 25 8 17 8 7 1 17 1 16

1992–93..................................... 23 6 17 0 0 0 23 6 17 6 5 1 17 1 16

1993–94..................................... 38 11 27 1 0 1 37 11 26 13 10 3 24 1 23

1994–95..................................... 15 8 7 2 0 2 138587151 4

1995–96..................................... 21 8 13 1 1 0 20 7 13 9 7 2 11 0 11

1996–97..................................... 36 13 23 2 0 2 34 13 21 14 10 4 20 3 17

1997–98..................................... 5 0 5 00050510140 4

1998–99..................................... 7 1 6 10161520241 3

1999–2000................................. 16 3 13 3 0 3 13 3 1083550 5

2000–01..................................... 14 9 5 0 0 0 149588061 5

2001–02..................................... 14 2 12 0 0 0 14 2 12 1 1 0 13 1 12

2002–03..................................... 13 7 6 0 0 0 137666071 6

2003–04..................................... 12 5 7 0 0 0 125785340 4

2004–05..................................... 3 1 2 00031211020 2

2005–06..................................... 11 6 5 1 1 0 105554151 4

2006–07..................................... 13 4 9 0 0 0 13 4 9 6 4 2 7 0 7

2007–08..................................... 26 10 16 0 0 0 26 10 16 9 6 3 17 4 13

2008–09..................................... 16 6 10 0 0 0 16 6 10 6 5 1 10 1 9

2009–10..................................... 17 11 6 0 0 0 17 11 6 9 9 0 8 2 6
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 409

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Degrees

—Not available. 

1Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

2Includes first-professional degrees. 

3First-professional degrees are included with bachelor’s degrees. 

4Projected. 

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1869–70 through 1964–65; Projections of Education Statistics to 2019;

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred” surveys, 1965–66 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDSC:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 279. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1869–70 through

2019–20

Year

Associate’s degrees Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees First-professional degrees Doctor’s degrees1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1869–70.................. — — — 9,371 2 7,993 2 1,378 2 00 0(3) (3) (3)11 0

1879–80.................. — — — 12,896 2 10,411 2 2,485 2 879 868 11 (3

) (3) (3) 54 51 3

1889–90.................. — — — 15,539 2 12,857 2 2,682 2 1,015 821 194 (3

) (3) (3) 149 147 2

1899–1900.............. — — — 27,410 2 22,173 2 5,237 2 1,583 1,280 303 (3

) (3) (3) 382 359 23

1909–10.................. — — — 37,199 2 28,762 2 8,437 2 2,113 1,555 558 (3) (3) (3) 443 399 44

1919–20.................. — — — 48,622 2 31,980 2 16,642 2 4,279 2,985 1,294 (3

) (3) (3) 615 522 93

1929–30.................. — — — 122,484 2 73,615 2 48,869 2 14,969 8,925 6,044 (3

) (3) (3) 2,299 1,946 353

1939–40.................. — — — 186,500 2 109,546 2 76,954 2 26,731 16,508 10,223 (3

) (3) (3) 3,290 2,861 429

1949–50.................. — — — 432,058 2 328,841 2 103,217 2 58,183 41,220 16,963 (3

) (3) (3) 6,420 5,804 616

1959–60.................. — — — 392,440 2 254,063 2 138,377 2 74,435 50,898 23,537 (3

) (3) (3) 9,829 8,801 1,028

1969–70.................. 206,023 117,432 88,591 792,316 451,097 341,219 208,291 125,624 82,667 34,918 33,077 1,841 29,866 25,890 3,976

1970–71.................. 252,311 144,144 108,167 839,730 475,594 364,136 230,509 138,146 92,363 37,946 35,544 2,402 32,107 27,530 4,577

1971–72.................. 292,014 166,227 125,787 887,273 500,590 386,683 251,633 149,550 102,083 43,411 40,723 2,688 33,363 28,090 5,273

1972–73.................. 316,174 175,413 140,761 922,362 518,191 404,171 263,371 154,468 108,903 50,018 46,489 3,529 34,777 28,571 6,206

1973–74.................. 343,924 188,591 155,333 945,776 527,313 418,463 277,033 157,842 119,191 53,816 48,530 5,286 33,816 27,365 6,451

1974–75.................. 360,171 191,017 169,154 922,933 504,841 418,092 292,450 161,570 130,880 55,916 48,956 6,960 34,083 26,817 7,266

1975–76.................. 391,454 209,996 181,458 925,746 504,925 420,821 311,771 167,248 144,523 62,649 52,892 9,757 34,064 26,267 7,797

1976–77.................. 406,377 210,842 195,535 919,549 495,545 424,004 317,164 167,783 149,381 64,359 52,374 11,985 33,232 25,142 8,090

1977–78.................. 412,246 204,718 207,528 921,204 487,347 433,857 311,620 161,212 150,408 66,581 52,270 14,311 32,131 23,658 8,473

1978–79.................. 402,702 192,091 210,611 921,390 477,344 444,046 301,079 153,370 147,709 68,848 52,652 16,196 32,730 23,541 9,189

1979–80.................. 400,910 183,737 217,173 929,417 473,611 455,806 298,081 150,749 147,332 70,131 52,716 17,415 32,615 22,943 9,672

1980–81.................. 416,377 188,638 227,739 935,140 469,883 465,257 295,739 147,043 148,696 71,956 52,792 19,164 32,958 22,711 10,247

1981–82.................. 434,526 196,944 237,582 952,998 473,364 479,634 295,546 145,532 150,014 72,032 52,223 19,809 32,707 22,224 10,483

1982–83.................. 449,620 203,991 245,629 969,510 479,140 490,370 289,921 144,697 145,224 73,054 51,250 21,804 32,775 21,902 10,873

1983–84.................. 452,240 202,704 249,536 974,309 482,319 491,990 284,263 143,595 140,668 74,468 51,378 23,090 33,209 22,064 11,145

1984–85.................. 454,712 202,932 251,780 979,477 482,528 496,949 286,251 143,390 142,861 75,063 50,455 24,608 32,943 21,700 11,243

1985–86.................. 446,047 196,166 249,881 987,823 485,923 501,900 288,567 143,508 145,059 73,910 49,261 24,649 33,653 21,819 11,834

1986–87.................. 436,304 190,839 245,465 991,264 480,782 510,482 289,349 141,269 148,080 71,617 46,523 25,094 34,041 22,061 11,980

1987–88.................. 435,085 190,047 245,038 994,829 477,203 517,626 299,317 145,163 154,154 70,735 45,484 25,251 34,870 22,615 12,255

1988–89.................. 436,764 186,316 250,448 1,018,755 483,346 535,409 310,621 149,354 161,267 70,856 45,046 25,810 35,720 22,648 13,072

1989–90.................. 455,102 191,195 263,907 1,051,344 491,696 559,648 324,301 153,653 170,648 70,988 43,961 27,027 38,371 24,401 13,970

1990–91.................. 481,720 198,634 283,086 1,094,538 504,045 590,493 337,168 156,482 180,686 71,948 43,846 28,102 39,294 24,756 14,538

1991–92.................. 504,231 207,481 296,750 1,136,553 520,811 615,742 352,838 161,842 190,996 74,146 45,071 29,075 40,659 25,557 15,102

1992–93.................. 514,756 211,964 302,792 1,165,178 532,881 632,297 369,585 169,258 200,327 75,387 45,153 30,234 42,132 26,073 16,059

1993–94.................. 530,632 215,261 315,371 1,169,275 532,422 636,853 387,070 176,085 210,985 75,418 44,707 30,711 43,185 26,552 16,633

1994–95.................. 539,691 218,352 321,339 1,160,134 526,131 634,003 397,629 178,598 219,031 75,800 44,853 30,947 44,446 26,916 17,530

1995–96.................. 555,216 219,514 335,702 1,164,792 522,454 642,338 406,301 179,081 227,220 76,734 44,748 31,986 44,652 26,841 17,811

1996–97.................. 571,226 223,948 347,278 1,172,879 520,515 652,364 419,401 180,947 238,454 78,730 45,564 33,166 45,876 27,146 18,730

1997–98.................. 558,555 217,613 340,942 1,184,406 519,956 664,450 430,164 184,375 245,789 78,598 44,911 33,687 46,010 26,664 19,346

1998–99.................. 559,954 218,417 341,537 1,200,303 518,746 681,557 439,986 186,148 253,838 78,439 44,339 34,100 44,077 25,146 18,931

1999–2000.............. 564,933 224,721 340,212 1,237,875 530,367 707,508 457,056 191,792 265,264 80,057 44,239 35,818 44,808 25,028 19,780

2000–01.................. 578,865 231,645 347,220 1,244,171 531,840 712,331 468,476 194,351 274,125 79,707 42,862 36,845 44,904 24,728 20,176

2001–02.................. 595,133 238,109 357,024 1,291,900 549,816 742,084 482,118 199,120 282,998 80,698 42,507 38,191 44,160 23,708 20,452

2002–03.................. 634,016 253,451 380,565 1,348,811 573,258 775,553 513,339 211,664 301,675 80,897 41,887 39,010 46,042 24,351 21,691

2003–04.................. 665,301 260,033 405,268 1,399,542 595,425 804,117 558,940 229,545 329,395 83,041 42,169 40,872 48,378 25,323 23,055

2004–05.................. 696,660 267,536 429,124 1,439,264 613,000 826,264 574,618 233,590 341,028 87,289 43,849 43,440 52,631 26,973 25,658

2005–06.................. 713,066 270,095 442,971 1,485,242 630,600 854,642 594,065 237,896 356,169 87,655 44,038 43,617 56,067 28,634 27,433

2006–07.................. 728,114 275,187 452,927 1,524,092 649,570 874,522 604,607 238,189 366,418 90,064 45,057 45,007 60,616 30,251 30,365

2007–08.................. 750,164 282,521 467,643 1,563,069 667,928 895,141 625,023 246,491 378,532 91,309 45,916 45,393 63,712 31,215 32,497

2008–09.................. 787,325 298,141 489,184 1,601,368 685,382 915,986 656,784 259,998 396,786 92,004 46,900 45,104 67,716 32,279 35,437

2009–104 ................ 797,000 297,000 500,000 1,652,000 711,000 941,000 670,000 270,000 400,000 97,100 48,800 48,200 68,800 33,100 35,800

2010–114 ................ 818,000 303,000 515,000 1,696,000 732,000 964,000 687,000 280,000 407,000 100,700 51,000 49,700 71,700 34,100 37,700

2011–124 ................ 833,000 307,000 526,000 1,725,000 749,000 976,000 696,000 281,000 416,000 102,300 52,100 50,200 74,700 35,100 39,500

2012–134 ................ 845,000 309,000 535,000 1,744,000 755,000 989,000 709,000 283,000 426,000 103,100 52,300 50,700 77,600 36,200 41,400

2013–144 ................ 858,000 312,000 547,000 1,762,000 759,000 1,003,000 727,000 289,000 439,000 104,600 52,900 51,700 80,500 37,200 43,300

2014–154 ................ 876,000 315,000 561,000 1,786,000 765,000 1,021,000 750,000 297,000 453,000 107,200 53,800 53,300 83,400 38,200 45,100

2015–164 ................ 895,000 319,000 576,000 1,812,000 773,000 1,039,000 771,000 306,000 466,000 110,600 55,200 55,400 86,300 39,300 47,000

2016–174 ................ 915,000 323,000 592,000 1,844,000 784,000 1,060,000 791,000 313,000 478,000 113,900 56,500 57,400 89,200 40,300 48,900

2017–184 ................ 934,000 326,000 608,000 1,871,000 792,000 1,079,000 809,000 319,000 490,000 116,900 57,600 59,200 92,100 41,400 50,700

2018–194 ................ 955,000 330,000 624,000 1,899,000 800,000 1,099,000 827,000 324,000 502,000 119,500 58,600 60,900 95,000 42,400 52,600

2019–204 ................ 975,000 334,000 641,000 1,926,000 809,000 1,117,000 839,000 328,000 512,000 121,900 59,400 62,500 97,900 43,400 54,500
410 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. The new Classification of Instructional Programs

was initiated in 2002–03. The figures for earlier years have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain

aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS “Completions

Survey”: “Agriculture and natural resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations,

and related sciences and Natural resources and conservation; “Business” includes Business, management, marketing, and related support services and Personal and culinary

services; and “Engineering technologies” includes Engineering technologies/technicians,

Construction trades, and Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1997–98 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:98–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared

August 2010.)

Table 280. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by discipline division: 1997–98 through 2008–09

Discipline division 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Total......................................................................... 558,555 559,954 564,933 578,865 595,133 634,016 665,301 696,660 713,066 728,114 750,164 787,325

Agriculture and natural resources, total........................... 6,673 6,632 6,666 6,649 6,494 6,210 6,283 6,404 6,168 5,838 5,738 5,724

Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related 

sciences................................................................. 5,206 5,220 5,292 5,200 5,125 4,892 4,959 5,137 4,958 4,638 4,554 4,525

Natural resources and conservation ............................ 1,467 1,412 1,374 1,449 1,369 1,318 1,324 1,267 1,210 1,200 1,184 1,199

Architecture and related services .................................... 265 405 392 417 443 440 492 583 656 517 568 596

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies ....................... 97 85 113 73 94 120 105 115 124 164 169 173

Biological and biomedical sciences ................................. 2,113 2,213 1,448 1,443 1,534 1,496 1,456 1,709 1,827 2,060 2,200 2,364

Business, management, and marketing .......................... 87,672 86,964 86,106 87,059 86,713 89,627 92,065 96,067 96,933 99,998 104,566 111,521

Accounting ................................................................... 14,807 14,325 13,562 13,158 12,315 13,229 14,506 13,988 13,620 14,232 15,965 16,731

Business, general ........................................................ 11,311 11,514 12,283 12,621 12,936 13,054 13,387 12,050 13,297 12,725 12,473 13,067

Business administration and management.................. 28,793 28,615 28,486 28,947 30,268 33,112 33,652 42,979 43,868 47,684 52,560 58,050

Business and management, other ............................... 14,148 14,027 13,398 13,122 13,269 13,108 14,909 13,042 13,925 14,486 14,490 15,021

Management information systems............................... 4,261 4,526 5,394 6,016 6,417 5,600 4,214 2,812 2,179 2,007 1,237 1,103

Secretarial and related programs ................................ 14,352 13,957 12,983 13,195 11,508 11,524 11,397 11,196 10,044 8,864 7,841 7,549

Communications.............................................................. 2,368 2,639 2,754 2,949 2,819 2,589 2,444 2,545 2,629 2,609 2,620 2,722

Communications technologies......................................... 2,642 2,528 2,625 3,038 3,006 3,304 3,401 3,516 3,380 3,095 4,237 4,803

Computer and information sciences ................................ 18,185 22,445 28,185 34,356 40,127 46,234 41,845 36,173 31,246 27,712 28,296 30,006

Construction trades ......................................................... 2,172 2,137 2,337 2,682 2,639 3,009 3,560 3,512 3,850 3,895 4,309 4,252

Education......................................................................... 9,461 10,165 8,510 9,533 9,611 11,205 12,465 13,329 14,475 13,021 13,108 14,123

Engineering ..................................................................... 2,118 2,012 1,722 1,795 1,691 2,177 2,737 2,441 2,162 2,136 2,286 2,181

Engineering-related technologies.................................... 40,784 42,362 43,732 42,366 40,217 39,998 36,915 33,548 30,461 29,199 29,334 30,434

English language and literature/letters ............................ 1,035 1,032 947 877 864 896 828 995 1,105 1,249 1,402 1,525

Family and consumer sciences ....................................... 7,811 8,063 8,031 8,329 9,208 9,496 9,478 9,707 9,488 9,124 8,613 9,020

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................. 1,674 1,705 1,059 1,100 1,085 1,050 1,047 1,234 1,161 1,207 1,258 1,627

Health professions and related sciences......................... 94,940 93,218 86,676 84,656 82,361 90,716 106,208 122,520 134,931 145,436 155,816 165,163

Dental assisting ........................................................... 4,904 6,628 5,569 5,193 5,223 5,498 5,652 5,813 6,085 6,313 6,642 6,633

Emergency medical technician (EMT paramedic) ....... 975 918 1,152 1,134 1,203 1,410 1,617 1,825 1,980 2,008 2,140 2,270

Medical lab technician ................................................. 2,370 2,033 1,644 1,502 1,384 1,496 1,678 1,932 2,030 2,160 2,152 2,285

Medical assisting ......................................................... 5,102 5,358 5,414 5,863 4,748 5,859 8,499 10,411 12,367 12,071 11,261 11,967

Nursing assisting ......................................................... 23 12 7 2 0 8 4 38 101 158 329 385

Practical nursing .......................................................... 499 447 575 619 814 916 1,049 1,388 1,481 1,509 1,417 1,299

Nursing, R.N. and other ............................................... 47,329 43,029 40,767 40,278 40,800 45,117 51,552 58,007 62,095 66,516 73,277 77,929

Health sciences, other ................................................. 33,738 34,793 31,548 30,065 28,189 30,412 36,157 43,106 48,792 54,701 58,598 62,395

Legal professions and studies ......................................... 9,890 9,133 8,842 8,119 7,815 8,412 9,466 9,885 10,509 10,391 9,465 9,062

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ................................................................. 186,248 181,977 187,454 196,843 207,163 217,361 227,650 240,131 244,689 250,030 254,012 263,853

Library science ................................................................ 96 86 98 103 96 87 114 108 136 84 117 116

Mathematics .................................................................... 844 823 675 695 685 732 801 807 753 827 855 930

Mechanics and repairers ................................................. 10,576 10,781 11,678 12,689 12,063 12,028 12,553 13,619 14,454 15,432 15,297 16,066

Military technologies........................................................ 22 42 65 120 62 85 293 355 610 781 851 721

Multi/interdisciplinary studies........................................... 9,402 8,661 11,784 10,439 13,205 14,067 14,794 13,888 14,473 15,838 16,255 15,459

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ................. 840 819 819 790 764 805 923 966 1,128 1,251 1,344 1,587

Personal and culinary services........................................ 7,648 8,933 9,203 9,786 9,325 12,607 14,239 16,311 17,162 16,103 16,592 16,327

Philosophy and religion.................................................... 101 297 209 299 359 379 404 422 367 375 458 191

Physical sciences and science technologies ................... 2,286 2,399 2,460 2,337 2,308 2,190 2,676 2,814 2,902 3,404 3,388 3,617

Physical sciences......................................................... 1,584 1,679 1,350 1,207 1,346 1,141 1,588 1,626 1,733 2,015 1,973 2,190

Science technologies................................................... 702 720 1,110 1,130 962 1,049 1,088 1,188 1,169 1,389 1,415 1,427

Precision production trades ............................................. 1,929 2,201 2,308 2,256 2,260 2,287 1,968 2,039 1,977 1,973 1,968 2,126

Psychology ...................................................................... 1,765 1,625 1,455 1,554 1,705 1,785 1,887 1,942 1,944 2,213 2,412 3,949

Public administration and social services ........................ 4,156 3,881 3,656 3,333 3,323 3,534 3,728 4,027 4,415 4,338 4,192 4,178

Security and protective services...................................... 19,002 17,430 16,298 16,425 16,689 18,614 20,573 23,749 26,425 28,208 29,590 33,033

Criminal justice and corrections................................... 15,915 14,448 13,487 13,589 13,603 15,155 17,040 19,942 22,351 23,917 25,588 28,996

Fire control and safety ................................................. 2,480 2,395 2,364 2,346 2,619 2,941 3,012 3,366 3,554 3,811 3,937 3,970

Security and protective services, other........................ 607 587 447 490 467 518 521 441 520 480 65 67

Social sciences and history ............................................. 4,196 4,550 5,136 5,132 5,593 5,720 6,245 6,533 6,730 7,080 7,812 9,142

Social sciences ............................................................ 3,910 4,254 4,812 4,877 5,304 5,404 5,875 6,233 6,308 6,673 7,358 8,657

History.......................................................................... 286 296 324 255 289 316 370 300 422 407 454 485

Theology and religious vocations .................................... 570 476 636 576 414 425 492 581 570 608 582 675

Transportation and material moving workers................... 977 1,101 956 1,028 1,122 1,211 1,217 1,435 1,472 1,674 1,550 1,430

Visual and performing arts .............................................. 14,980 17,640 17,100 18,435 20,911 23,120 23,949 22,650 21,754 20,244 18,890 18,629

Fine arts, general......................................................... 1,281 3,029 1,314 1,435 1,521 1,763 1,326 1,623 1,651 1,758 1,711 2,023

Design and music ........................................................ 11,591 12,026 12,780 14,410 16,388 18,342 18,836 17,482 16,387 15,467 14,296 13,599

Visual and performing arts, other................................. 2,108 2,585 3,006 2,590 3,002 3,015 3,787 3,545 3,716 3,019 2,883 3,007

Not classified by field of study ......................................... 3,017 2,494 2,798 584 365 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 411

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate

in Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This

table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 281. Associate’s degrees and other subbaccalaureate awards conferred by degree-granting institutions, by length of curriculum, sex of 

student, and discipline division: 2008–09

Discipline division

Less-than-1-year awards 1- to less-than-4-year awards Associate’s degrees

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total.............................................................................. 285,277 126,389 158,888 216,379 82,549 133,830 787,325 298,141 489,184

Agriculture and natural resources, total................................ 3,167 2,357 810 1,817 1,194 623 5,724 3,755 1,969

Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences ... 2,550 1,832 718 1,742 1,139 603 4,525 2,871 1,654

Natural resources and conservation ................................. 617 525 92 75 55 20 1,199 884 315

Architecture and related services ......................................... 256 174 82 72 45 27 596 274 322

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies ............................ 434 99 335 102 38 64 173 51 122

Biological and biomedical sciences ...................................... 118 54 64 26 9 17 2,364 756 1,608

Business, management, and marketing ............................... 31,869 10,399 21,470 15,588 4,190 11,398 111,521 37,868 73,653

Accounting ........................................................................ 5,827 1,259 4,568 3,430 699 2,731 16,731 3,687 13,044

Business, general ............................................................. 1,106 567 539 1,010 498 512 13,067 5,536 7,531

Business administration and management....................... 8,086 3,190 4,896 3,565 1,314 2,251 58,050 22,490 35,560

Business and management, other .................................... 7,651 3,016 4,635 2,423 1,051 1,372 15,021 4,864 10,157

Management information systems.................................... 419 319 100 318 200 118 1,103 682 421

Secretarial and related programs ..................................... 8,780 2,048 6,732 4,842 428 4,414 7,549 609 6,940

Communications................................................................... 327 155 172 351 194 157 2,722 1,252 1,470

Communications technologies.............................................. 1,138 641 497 973 605 368 4,803 3,372 1,431

Computer and information sciences ..................................... 10,436 7,139 3,297 5,783 3,823 1,960 30,006 22,553 7,453

Construction trades .............................................................. 9,102 8,661 441 8,334 8,022 312 4,252 4,035 217

Education.............................................................................. 2,788 229 2,559 2,647 386 2,261 14,123 2,040 12,083

Engineering .......................................................................... 189 158 31 113 102 11 2,181 1,870 311

Engineering-related technologies ......................................... 10,156 8,574 1,582 6,921 6,107 814 30,434 26,143 4,291

English language and literature/letters ................................. 1,218 462 756 252 107 145 1,525 541 984

Family and consumer sciences ............................................ 11,816 1,918 9,898 2,738 329 2,409 9,020 356 8,664

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics...................... 881 228 653 512 58 454 1,627 261 1,366

Health professions and related sciences.............................. 120,911 23,627 97,284 101,312 14,463 86,849 165,163 24,270 140,893

Dental assisting ................................................................ 4,285 401 3,884 7,007 341 6,666 6,633 282 6,351

Emergency medical technician (EMT paramedic)................... 14,136 9,599 4,537 3,893 3,012 881 2,270 1,582 688

Medical lab technician ...................................................... 313 31 282 542 329 213 2,285 546 1,739

Medical assisting .............................................................. 20,151 1,664 18,487 20,125 1,455 18,670 11,967 691 11,276

Nursing assisting .............................................................. 30,163 3,466 26,697 649 61 588 385 39 346

Practical nursing ............................................................... 4,573 524 4,049 32,465 3,372 29,093 1,299 134 1,165

Nursing, R.N. and other.................................................... 2,156 222 1,934 3,540 476 3,064 77,929 9,996 67,933

Health sciences, other ...................................................... 45,134 7,720 37,414 33,091 5,417 27,674 62,395 11,000 51,395

Legal professions and studies .............................................. 1,457 216 1,241 2,281 353 1,928 9,062 937 8,125

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities........ 613 172 441 10,684 4,205 6,479 263,853 102,218 161,635

Library science ..................................................................... 184 21 163 66 14 52 116 15 101

Mathematics ......................................................................... 10 7 3 2 2 0930 635 295

Mechanics and repairers ...................................................... 20,219 19,103 1,116 22,341 21,380 961 16,066 15,176 890

Military technologies............................................................. 3 3 0 0 0 0721 563 158

Multi/interdisciplinary studies................................................ 845 449 396 1,154 491 663 15,459 5,955 9,504

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ...................... 346 172 174 327 130 197 1,587 946 641

Personal and culinary services............................................. 8,829 2,094 6,735 10,981 2,239 8,742 16,327 7,867 8,460

Philosophy and religion......................................................... 68 32 36 35 13 22 191 136 55

Physical sciences and science technologies ........................ 227 141 86 453 264 189 3,617 2,120 1,497

Physical sciences.............................................................. 25 13 12 22 7 15 2,190 1,272 918

Science technologies........................................................ 202 128 74 431 257 174 1,427 848 579

Precision production trades .................................................. 9,530 8,974 556 6,639 6,304 335 2,126 1,988 138

Psychology ........................................................................... 81 15 66 38 4 34 3,949 744 3,205

Public administration and social services ............................. 1,006 188 818 549 96 453 4,178 583 3,595

Security and protective services........................................... 19,113 14,620 4,493 5,251 3,869 1,382 33,033 17,230 15,803

Criminal justice and corrections........................................ 14,295 10,128 4,167 4,136 2,851 1,285 28,996 13,489 15,507

Fire control and safety ...................................................... 4,701 4,425 276 1,022 963 59 3,970 3,705 265

Security and protective services, other............................. 117 67 50 93 55 38 67 36 31

Social sciences and history .................................................. 333 170 163 183 109 74 9,142 3,253 5,889

Social sciences ................................................................. 319 167 152 183 109 74 8,657 2,949 5,708

History............................................................................... 14 311 0 0 0485 304 181

Theology and religious vocations ......................................... 135 55 80 360 160 200 675 337 338

Transportation and material moving workers........................ 14,848 13,923 925 584 544 40 1,430 1,248 182

Visual and performing arts ................................................... 2,624 1,159 1,465 6,910 2,700 4,210 18,629 6,793 11,836

Fine arts, general.............................................................. 147 82 65 3,010 1,114 1,896 2,023 634 1,389

Design and music ............................................................. 1,970 839 1,131 2,615 904 1,711 13,599 4,630 8,969

Visual and performing arts, other...................................... 507 238 269 1,285 682 603 3,007 1,529 1,478

Not classified by field of study .............................................. 00000000 0
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Data through 1990–91 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions.Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Thedegree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year collegesand excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 2002–03. The figures for earlier years have been reclassifiedwhen necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations havebeen made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS “Completions Survey”: “Agriculture and natural resources” includes

Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and Natural resourcness, management, marketing, and related support services and Personal angies” includes Engineering technologies/technicians, Construction trades, and SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StSurvey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 192008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, "Completions SuFall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 282. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2008–09Field of study 1970–71 1975–76 1980–81 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

Total.............................................................. 839,730 925,746 935,140 987,823 1,094,538 1,164,792 1,200,303 1,237,875 1,244,171 1,291,900 1,348,811 1,399,542 1,439,264 

Agriculture and natural resources......................... 12,672 19,402 21,886 16,823 13,124 21,425 23,916 24,238 23,370 23,331 23,348 22,835 23,002 

Architecture and related services ......................... 5,570 9,146 9,455 9,119 9,781 8,352 8,246 8,462 8,480 8,808 9,056 8,838 9,237 

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies ............ 2,579 3,577 2,887 3,021 4,776 5,633 6,009 6,212 6,160 6,390 6,634 7,181 7,569 Biological and biomedical sciences ...................... 35,683 54,085 43,003 38,320 39,377 60,750 64,608 63,005 59,865 59,415 60,104 61,509 64,611 

Business ............................................................... 115,396 143,171 200,521 236,700 249,165 226,623 240,947 256,070 263,515 278,217 293,391 307,149 311,574 

Communication, journalism, and related 

programs ........................................................ 10,324 20,045 29,428 41,666 51,650 47,320 51,384 55,760 58,013 62,791 67,895 70,968 72,715 

Communications technologies.............................. 478 1,237 1,854 1,479 1,397 853 1,076 1,298 1,178 1,245 1,933 2,034 2,523 

Computer and information sciences ..................... 2,388 5,652 15,121 42,337 25,159 24,506 30,574 37,788 44,142 50,365 57,433 59,488 54,111 

Education.............................................................. 176,307 154,437 108,074 87,147 110,807 105,384 107,086 108,034 105,458 106,295 105,845 106,278 105,451 Engineering .......................................................... 45,034 38,733 63,642 77,391 62,448 62,257 58,260 58,822 58,315 59,627 62,655 63,558 64,906 

Engineering technologies ..................................... 5,148 7,943 11,713 19,731 17,303 15,829 14,405 14,597 14,660 15,052 14,664 14,669 14,837 

English language and literature/letters ................. 63,914 41,452 31,922 34,083 51,064 49,928 49,800 50,106 50,569 52,375 53,699 53,984 54,379 Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 11,167 17,409 18,370 13,847 13,920 14,353 16,059 16,321 16,421 16,938 17,929 19,172 20,074 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics...... 20,988 17,068 11,638 11,550 13,937 14,832 15,821 15,886 16,128 16,258 16,912 17,754 18,386 Health professions and related clinical sciences .. 25,223 53,885 63,665 65,309 59,875 86,087 85,214 80,863 75,933 72,887 71,261 73,934 80,685 Legal professions and studies .............................. 545 531 776 1,223 1,827 2,123 1,960 1,969 1,991 2,003 2,474 2,841 3,161 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, 

and humanities ............................................... 7,481 18,855 21,643 21,336 30,526 33,997 34,772 36,104 37,962 39,333 40,480 42,106 43,751 

Library science ..................................................... 1,013 843 375 155 90 58 78 154 52 74 99 72 76 Mathematics and statistics ................................... 24,801 15,984 11,078 16,122 14,393 12,713 11,966 11,418 11,171 11,950 12,505 13,327 14,351 

Military technologies............................................. 357 952 42 255 183 7 2 7 21 3 6 10 40 

Multi/interdisciplinary studies................................ 6,346 13,778 13,061 13,829 17,879 27,149 27,545 28,561 27,189 28,943 28,639 29,162 30,243 

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ....... 1,621 5,182 5,729 4,623 4,315 12,974 16,532 17,571 17,948 18,885 21,432 22,164 22,888 

Philosophy and religious studies .......................... 8,149 8,447 6,776 6,396 7,423 7,541 8,506 8,535 8,717 9,473 10,344 11,152 11,584 

Physical sciences and science technologies ........ 21,410 21,458 23,936 21,711 16,334 19,627 18,285 18,331 17,919 17,799 17,950 17,983 18,905 Precision production ............................................. 0 0 0 2 2 12 43 33 31 47 42 61 64 

Psychology ........................................................... 38,187 50,278 41,068 40,628 58,655 73,416 73,636 74,194 73,645 76,775 78,650 82,098 85,614 

Public administration and social services ............. 5,466 15,440 16,707 11,887 14,350 19,849 20,287 20,185 19,447 19,392 19,900 20,552 21,769 

Security and protective services........................... 2,045 12,507 13,707 12,704 16,806 24,810 24,601 24,877 25,211 25,536 26,200 28,175 30,723 Social sciences and history .................................. 155,324 126,396 100,513 93,840 125,107 126,479 124,658 127,101 128,036 132,874 143,256 150,357 156,892 

Theology and religious vocations ......................... 3,720 5,490 5,808 5,510 4,799 5,292 6,235 6,789 6,945 7,762 7,962 8,126 9,284 Transportation and materials moving.................... 0 225 263 1,838 2,622 3,561 3,383 3,395 3,748 4,020 4,631 4,824 4,904 

Visual and performing arts ................................... 30,394 42,138 40,479 37,241 42,186 49,296 54,404 58,791 61,148 66,773 71,482 77,181 80,955 

Not classified by field of study .............................. 0 0 0 0 13,258 1,756 5 2,398 783 264 0 0 0 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Data through 1990–91 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions.Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Thedegree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year collegesand excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 2002–03. The figures for earlier years have been reclassifiedwhen necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations havebeen made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS “Completions Survey”: “Agriculture and natural resources” includes

Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and Natural resourcness, management, marketing, and related support services and Personal angies” includes Engineering technologies/technicians, Construction trades, and SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StSurvey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 192008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions SuFall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 283. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2008–09Field of study 1970–71 1975–76 1980–81 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

Total.............................................................. 230,509 311,771 295,739 288,567 337,168 406,301 439,986 457,056 468,476 482,118 513,339 558,940 574,618 

Agriculture and natural resources......................... 2,457 3,340 4,003 3,801 3,295 4,551 4,404 4,360 4,272 4,503 4,492 4,783 4,746 

Architecture and related services ......................... 1,705 3,215 3,153 3,260 3,490 3,993 4,172 4,268 4,302 4,566 4,925 5,424 5,674 

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies ............ 1,032 993 802 915 1,233 1,652 1,438 1,544 1,555 1,541 1,509 1,683 1,755 

Biological and biomedical sciences ...................... 5,623 6,453 5,759 5,043 4,796 6,544 6,913 6,781 6,955 6,937 6,990 7,657 8,199 Business ............................................................... 26,490 42,592 57,888 66,676 78,255 93,554 107,477 111,532 115,602 119,725 127,685 139,347 142,617 

Communication, journalism, and related 

programs ........................................................ 1,770 2,961 2,896 3,500 4,123 5,080 5,293 5,169 5,218 5,510 6,053 6,535 6,762 

Communications technologies.............................. 86 165 209 308 204 481 263 356 427 470 442 365 433 

Computer and information sciences ..................... 1,588 2,603 4,218 8,070 9,324 10,579 12,858 14,990 16,911 17,173 19,509 20,143 18,416 

Education.............................................................. 87,666 126,061 96,713 74,816 87,352 104,936 118,048 123,045 127,829 135,189 147,883 162,345 167,490 Engineering .......................................................... 16,813 16,472 16,893 21,529 24,454 26,892 24,734 24,850 25,259 24,908 28,338 32,698 32,633 

Engineering technologies ..................................... 134 328 323 617 996 2,054 2,004 1,876 2,013 2,149 2,332 2,499 2,500 

English language and literature/letters ................. 10,441 8,599 5,742 5,335 6,784 7,657 7,288 7,022 6,763 7,097 7,428 7,956 8,468 Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,452 2,179 2,570 2,011 1,541 1,712 1,736 1,882 1,838 1,683 1,607 1,794 1,827 Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics...... 5,480 4,432 2,934 2,690 3,049 3,443 3,106 3,037 3,035 3,075 3,049 3,124 3,407 

Health professions and related clinical sciences .. 5,330 12,164 16,176 18,603 21,354 33,920 40,707 42,593 43,623 43,560 42,748 44,939 46,703 

Legal professions and studies .............................. 955 1,442 1,832 1,924 2,057 2,751 3,308 3,750 3,829 4,053 4,141 4,243 4,170 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, 

and humanities ............................................... 885 2,633 2,375 1,586 2,213 2,778 3,101 3,256 3,193 2,754 3,314 3,697 3,680 

Library science ..................................................... 7,001 8,037 4,859 3,564 4,763 5,099 4,752 4,577 4,727 5,113 5,295 6,015 6,213 Mathematics and statistics ................................... 5,191 3,857 2,567 3,131 3,549 3,651 3,286 3,208 3,209 3,350 3,620 4,191 4,477 

Military technologies............................................. 2 0 43 83 0 136 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Multi/interdisciplinary studies................................ 926 1,287 2,363 2,890 2,117 2,762 3,073 3,487 3,475 3,708 3,781 4,047 4,252 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ...... 218 571 643 570 483 1,684 2,011 2,322 2,354 2,580 2,978 3,199 3,740 

Philosophy and religious studies .......................... 1,326 1,358 1,231 1,193 1,471 1,363 1,357 1,376 1,386 1,371 1,578 1,578 1,647 

Physical sciences and science technologies ........ 6,336 5,428 5,246 5,860 5,281 5,807 5,124 4,810 5,049 5,012 5,109 5,570 5,678 

Precision production ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 8 7 5 2 2 3 13 6 

Psychology ........................................................... 5,717 10,167 10,223 9,845 11,349 15,152 15,688 15,740 16,539 16,357 17,161 17,898 18,830 

Public administration and social services ............. 7,785 15,209 17,803 15,692 17,905 24,229 24,925 25,594 25,268 25,448 25,903 28,250 29,552 

Security and protective services........................... 194 1,197 1,538 1,074 1,108 1,812 2,249 2,609 2,514 2,935 2,956 3,717 3,991 Social sciences and history .................................. 16,539 15,953 11,945 10,564 12,233 15,012 14,431 14,066 13,791 14,112 14,630 16,110 16,952 

Theology and religious vocations ......................... 2,692 3,258 4,163 4,543 4,803 5,030 4,679 5,534 4,850 4,909 5,133 5,486 5,815 Transportation and materials moving.................... 0 0 0 454 406 919 713 697 756 709 765 728 802 

Visual and performing arts ................................... 6,675 8,817 8,629 8,420 8,657 10,280 10,753 10,918 11,404 11,595 11,982 12,906 13,183 

Not classified by field of study .............................. 0 0 0 0 8,523 780 88 1,802 528 24 0 0 0 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Data through 1990-91 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions.Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Thedegree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year collegesand excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)Includes Ph.D., E.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional degrees such as M.D.,D.D.S., and law degrees. The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 2002–03. The figures for earlieryears have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons,certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS “Completions Survey”: “Agriculture and

natural resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sci“Business” includes Business, management, marketing, and related supporand “Engineering technologies” includes Engineering technologies/technicrepair technologies/technicians.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StSurvey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 192008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions SuFall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 284. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study: Selected years, 1970–71 through 2008–09Field of study 1970–71 1975–76 1980–81 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 

Total.............................................................. 32,107 34,064 32,958 33,653 39,294 44,652 44,077 44,808 44,904 44,160 46,042 48,378 52,631 

Agriculture and natural resources......................... 1,086 928 1,067 1,158 1,185 1,259 1,231 1,168 1,127 1,148 1,229 1,185 1,173 

Architecture and related services ......................... 36 82 93 73 135 141 123 129 153 183 152 173 179 

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies ............ 143 186 161 156 159 183 187 205 216 212 186 209 189 

Biological and biomedical sciences ...................... 3,595 3,313 3,591 3,352 4,034 5,035 5,024 5,180 4,953 4,823 5,003 5,242 5,578 

Business ............................................................... 774 906 808 923 1,185 1,366 1,201 1,194 1,180 1,156 1,252 1,481 1,498 Communication, journalism, and related 

programs ........................................................ 145 196 171 212 259 338 347 347 368 374 394 418 465 

Communications technologies.............................. 0 8 11 6 13 7 5 1029483Computer and information sciences ..................... 128 244 252 344 676 869 801 779 768 752 816 909 1,119 

Education.............................................................. 6,041 7,202 7,279 6,610 6,189 6,246 6,394 6,409 6,284 6,549 6,832 7,088 7,681 

Engineering .......................................................... 3,687 2,872 2,598 3,444 5,316 6,381 5,432 5,390 5,542 5,187 5,276 5,923 6,547 Engineering technologies ..................................... 1 2 10 12 14 50 29 31 62 58 57 58 54 

English language and literature/letters ................. 1,554 1,514 1,040 895 1,056 1,395 1,407 1,470 1,330 1,291 1,246 1,207 1,212 

Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 123 178 247 307 229 375 323 327 354 311 376 329 331 Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics...... 1,084 1,245 931 768 889 1,020 1,049 1,086 1,078 1,003 1,042 1,031 1,027 

Health professions and related clinical sciences .. 518 617 868 1,139 1,534 1,651 1,920 2,053 2,242 2,913 3,329 4,361 5,868 

Legal professions and studies .............................. 20 76 60 54 90 91 58 74 286 79 105 119 98 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, 

and humanities ............................................... 32 162 121 90 70 75 78 83 102 113 78 95 109 

Library science ..................................................... 39 71 71 62 56 53 55 68 58 45 62 47 42 Mathematics and statistics ................................... 1,199 856 728 742 978 1,158 1,090 1,075 997 923 1,007 1,060 1,176 

Multi/interdisciplinary studies................................ 109 190 285 405 424 764 754 792 784 765 899 876 983 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ...... 2 15 42 39 28 104 137 134 177 151 199 222 207 Philosophy and religious studies .......................... 555 556 411 480 464 550 584 598 600 610 662 595 586 

Physical sciences and science technologies ........ 4,324 3,388 3,105 3,521 4,248 4,512 4,142 3,963 3,911 3,760 3,858 3,815 4,114 

Psychology ........................................................... 2,144 3,157 3,576 3,593 3,932 4,141 4,695 4,731 5,091 4,759 4,835 4,827 5,106 Public administration and social services ............. 174 292 362 382 430 499 532 537 574 571 599 649 673 Security and protective services........................... 1 9 21 21 28 38 48 52 44 49 72 54 94 

Social sciences and history .................................. 3,660 4,157 3,122 2,955 3,012 3,760 3,855 4,095 3,930 3,902 3,850 3,811 3,819 

Theology and religious vocations ......................... 312 1,022 1,273 1,185 1,076 1,517 1,440 1,630 1,461 1,350 1,329 1,304 1,422 Transportation and materials moving.................... 0003000000000

Visual and performing arts ................................... 621 620 654 722 838 1,067 1,130 1,127 1,167 1,114 1,293 1,282 1,278 

Not classified by field of study .............................. 0 0 0 0 747 7 6 71 63 0 0 0 0 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes degrees in Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies; English language and literature/letters; Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics; Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities; Multi/interdisciplinary studies; Philosophy and religious studies; Theology and religious vocations; and Visual and performing arts.2Includes Psychology; and Social sciences and history.3Includes Biological and biomedical sciences; Mathematics and statistics; and Physical sciences and science technologies. 4Includes Computer and information sciences; Engineering; and Engineering technologies.5Includes Agriculture and natural resources; Architecture and related services; Communication, journalism, and related programs; Communications technologies; Family and consumer sciences/human sciences; Health professions and related clinical sciences; Legal professions and studies; Library science; Military technologies; Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness

studies; Precision production; Public administration and social services; Security and protective services; Transportation andmaterials moving; and Not classified by field of study.

6Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional, such as M.D., D.D.S., andlaw degrees.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and grams. The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 200reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To tions have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS “Cresources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences ness” includes Business, management, marketing, and related support serv“Engineering technologies” includes Engineering technologies/technicians, technologies/technicians. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StSurvey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 192008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions SuFall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 285. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study and year: Selected years, 1970–71 through 200Degree and year

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degre

Total

degrees Humanities1

Social and

behavioral

sciences2

Natural

sciences3

Computer

sciences and

engineering4 Education Business Other fields5

Total

degrees Humanities1

Social and

behavioral

sciences2

Natural

sciences3

Com

sciences 

enginee

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bachelor’s degrees1970–71........................................ 839,730 143,571 193,511 81,894 52,570 176,307 115,396 76,481 100.0 17.1 23.0 9.8 

1975–76........................................ 925,746 150,805 176,674 91,527 52,328 154,437 143,171 156,804 100.0 16.3 19.1 9.9 

1980–81........................................ 935,140 134,214 141,581 78,017 90,476 108,074 200,521 182,257 100.0 14.4 15.1 8.3 

1985–86........................................ 987,823 132,966 134,468 76,153 139,459 87,147 236,700 180,930 100.0 13.5 13.6 7.7 

1990–91........................................ 1,094,538 172,590 183,762 70,104 104,910 110,807 249,165 203,200 100.0 15.8 16.8 6.4 

1995–96........................................ 1,164,792 193,668 199,895 93,090 102,592 105,384 226,623 243,540 100.0 16.6 17.2 8.0 2000–01........................................ 1,244,171 214,818 201,681 88,955 117,117 105,458 263,515 252,627 100.0 17.3 16.2 7.1 2004–05........................................ 1,439,264 256,151 242,506 97,867 133,854 105,451 311,574 291,861 100.0 17.8 16.8 6.8 2005–06........................................ 1,485,242 263,125 249,619 104,266 129,090 107,238 318,042 313,862 100.0 17.7 16.8 7.0 

2006–07........................................ 1,524,092 267,489 254,222 111,178 124,242 105,641 327,531 333,789 100.0 17.6 16.7 7.3 

2007–08........................................ 1,563,069 276,510 259,950 114,980 122,329 102,582 335,254 351,464 100.0 17.7 16.6 7.4 

2008–09........................................ 1,601,368 280,456 262,771 118,718 122,630 101,708 347,985 367,100 100.0 17.5 16.4 7.4 

Master’s degrees1970–71........................................ 230,509 29,457 22,256 17,150 18,535 87,666 26,490 28,955 100.0 12.8 9.7 7.4 

1975–76........................................ 311,771 31,377 26,120 15,738 19,403 126,061 42,592 50,480 100.0 10.1 8.4 5.0 

1980–81........................................ 295,739 28,239 22,168 13,572 21,434 96,713 57,888 55,725 100.0 9.5 7.5 4.6 1985–86........................................ 288,567 27,572 20,409 14,034 30,216 74,816 66,676 54,844 100.0 9.6 7.1 4.9 

1990–91........................................ 337,168 30,327 23,582 13,626 34,774 87,352 78,255 69,252 100.0 9.0 7.0 4.0 

1995–96........................................ 406,301 34,965 30,164 16,002 39,525 104,936 93,554 87,155 100.0 8.6 7.4 3.9 

2000–01........................................ 468,476 35,661 30,330 15,213 44,183 127,829 115,602 99,658 100.0 7.6 6.5 3.2 

2004–05........................................ 574,618 42,207 35,782 18,354 53,549 167,490 142,617 114,619 100.0 7.3 6.2 3.2 2005–06........................................ 594,065 44,018 37,139 19,333 50,585 174,620 146,406 121,964 100.0 7.4 6.3 3.3 2006–07........................................ 604,607 44,209 38,702 19,470 48,394 176,572 150,211 127,049 100.0 7.3 6.4 3.2 2007–08........................................ 625,023 46,629 39,926 20,444 51,679 175,880 155,637 134,828 100.0 7.5 6.4 3.3 2008–09........................................ 656,784 48,022 42,655 20,767 56,112 178,564 168,375 142,289 100.0 7.3 6.5 3.2 Doctor’s degrees6

1970–71........................................ 32,107 4,410 5,804 9,118 3,816 6,041 774 2,144 100.0 13.7 18.1 28.4 

1975–76........................................ 34,064 5,495 7,314 7,557 3,118 7,202 906 2,472 100.0 16.1 21.5 22.2 1980–81........................................ 32,958 4,876 6,698 7,424 2,860 7,279 808 3,013 100.0 14.8 20.3 22.5 1985–86........................................ 33,653 4,701 6,548 7,615 3,800 6,610 923 3,456 100.0 14.0 19.5 22.6 

1990–91........................................ 39,294 4,976 6,944 9,260 6,006 6,189 1,185 4,734 100.0 12.7 17.7 23.6 

1995–96........................................ 44,652 6,571 7,901 10,705 7,300 6,246 1,366 4,563 100.0 14.7 17.7 24.0 

2000–01........................................ 44,904 6,738 9,021 9,861 6,372 6,284 1,180 5,448 100.0 15.0 20.1 22.0 

2004–05........................................ 52,631 6,806 8,925 10,868 7,720 7,681 1,498 9,133 100.0 12.9 17.0 20.6 

2005–06........................................ 56,067 7,015 8,835 11,557 8,887 7,584 1,711 10,478 100.0 12.5 15.8 20.6 2006–07........................................ 60,616 7,214 8,997 12,551 9,718 8,261 2,029 11,846 100.0 11.9 14.8 20.7 2007–08........................................ 63,712 7,362 9,355 13,082 9,865 8,491 2,084 13,473 100.0 11.6 14.7 20.5 2008–09........................................ 67,716 7,736 9,711 13,540 9,570 9,028 2,123 16,008 100.0 11.4 14.3 20.0 
416 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields, total........................................................................................ 1,601,368 685,382 915,986 656,784 259,998 396,786 67,716 32,279 35,437

Agriculture and natural resources........................................................................ 24,988 13,101 11,887 4,877 2,328 2,549 1,328 741 587

 Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences.................................. 15,160 7,677 7,483 2,252 1,075 1,177 765 437 328

 Agriculture, general.......................................................................................... 1,483 854 629 308 149 159 22 14 8

 Agricultural business and management, general............................................. 927 590 337 58 35 23 0 0 0

 Agribusiness/agricultural business operations................................................. 1,499 1,057 442 32 17 15 0 0 0

 Agricultural economics .................................................................................... 1,296 887 409 409 220 189 157 86 71

 Farm/farm and ranch management ................................................................. 107 71 36 12 7 5 0 0 0

 Agricultural/farm supplies retailing and wholesaling........................................ 87 48 3900000 0

 Agricultural business technology ..................................................................... 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Agricultural business and management, other ................................................ 395 241 154 12 2 10 0 0 0

 Agricultural mechanization, general................................................................. 272 256 1644000 0

 Agricultural mechanics and equipment/machine technology........................... 00000000 0

 Agricultural mechanization, other .................................................................... 00000000 0

 Agricultural production operations, general ..................................................... 61 36 25 21 11 10 0 0 0

 Animal/livestock husbandry and production .................................................... 184 74 11000000 0

 Aquaculture ..................................................................................................... 43 29 14 25 15 1053 2

 Crop production ............................................................................................... 26 22 4 4 4 0 4 3 1

 Horse husbandry/equine science and management ....................................... 25 6 1900000 0

 Agricultural and food products processing....................................................... 71 35 3695432 1

 Equestrian/equine studies ............................................................................... 313 13 30000000 0

 Agricultural and domestic animal services, other ............................................ 00000000 0

 Applied horticulture/horticultural operations, general ...................................... 125 65 6095474 3

 Ornamental horticulture................................................................................... 138 83 55 3 1 2 4 2 2

 Landscaping and groundskeeping................................................................... 204 137 6774300 0

 Plant nursery operations and management..................................................... 11000000 0

 Turf and turfgrass management....................................................................... 140 137300000 0

 Floriculture/floristry operations and management ........................................... 00000010 1

 Applied horticulture/horticultural business services, other .............................. 27 23 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

 International agriculture................................................................................... 17 6 11 105500 0

 Agricultural and extension education services ................................................ 29 15 14 123931 2

 Agricultural communication/journalism ............................................................ 187 48 139 17 4 13 0 0 0

 Agricultural public services, other.................................................................... 52 33 19 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Animal sciences, general................................................................................. 4,239 1,069 3,170 352 142 210 125 71 54

 Agricultural animal breeding ............................................................................ 17 4 13 6 0 6 8 5 3

 Animal health................................................................................................... 0 0 0 8 3 5 0 0 0

 Animal nutrition................................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

 Dairy science................................................................................................... 117 58 59 14 8 6 33 0

 Livestock management.................................................................................... 14 7700000 0

 Poultry science ................................................................................................ 82 42 40 15 9 6 11 9 2

 Animal sciences, other .................................................................................... 126 14 112 5 4 1 1 1 0

 Food science ................................................................................................... 874 310 564 299 99 200 116 60 56

 Food technology and processing..................................................................... 3 1 2 125700 0

 Food science and technology, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 126673 4

 Plant sciences, general.................................................................................... 323 233 90 90 53 37 40 23 17

 Agronomy and crop science ............................................................................ 410 323 87 137 81 56 98 62 36

 Horticultural science ........................................................................................ 698 429 269 96 47 49 40 20 20

 Agricultural and horticultural plant breeding .................................................... 0 0 0 18 11 7 12 8 4

 Plant protection and integrated pest management.......................................... 10 7 3 128411 0

 Range science and management.................................................................... 117 84 33 42 21 21 16 11 5

 Plant sciences, other ....................................................................................... 42 30 12 52 26 26 23 11 12

 Soil science and agronomy, general ................................................................ 98 78 20 96 44 52 34 19 15

 Soil chemistry and physics .............................................................................. 15 12 3 4 2 2 0 0 0

 Soil sciences, other ......................................................................................... 23 11 12 9 6 3 6 3 3

 Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences, other...................... 241 197 44 21 9 12 17 11 6

 Natural resources and conservation.................................................................. 9,828 5,424 4,404 2,625 1,253 1,372 563 304 259

 Natural resources/conservation, general......................................................... 1,053 605 448 390 161 229 74 43 31

 Environmental studies ..................................................................................... 3,024 1,354 1,670 516 217 299 74 25 49

 Environmental science..................................................................................... 2,513 1,243 1,270 618 277 341 106 47 59

 Environmental science/studies ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Natural resources conservation and research, other....................................... 2 1 1 125772 5

 Natural resources management and policy ..................................................... 356 202 154 269 127 142 34 18 16

 Natural resource economics............................................................................ 20 12 8 4 0 4 4 2 2

 Water, wetlands, and marine resources management .................................... 49 25 24 54 21 33 0 0 0

 Land use planning and management/development......................................... 44 28 16 81 55 26 7 4 3

 Natural resources management and policy, other ........................................... 173 104 6973400 0

 Fishing and fisheries sciences and management............................................ 229 163 66 63 35 28 35 23 12

 Forestry, general.............................................................................................. 638 492 146 254 135 119 79 42 37

 Forest sciences and biology ............................................................................ 159 137 22 104 65 39 55 37 18

 Forest management/forest resources management........................................ 114 97 17 29 16 13 6 3 3

 Urban forestry.................................................................................................. 22 10 1232100 0

 Wood science and wood products/pulp and paper technology ....................... 117 103 14 26 19 7 7 7 0

 Forest resources production and management............................................... 6 6 0 23 16 7 14 13 1

 Forest technology/technician........................................................................... 9 8 1 0 0 0 4 4 0

 Forestry, other.................................................................................................. 62 41 21 4 2 2 3 0 3

 Wildlife and wildlands science and management ............................................ 1,074 686 388 143 85 58 41 26 15

 Natural resources and conservation, other...................................................... 164 107 57 25 12 13 13 8 5

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 417

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Architecture and related services ........................................................................ 10,119 5,797 4,322 6,587 3,657 2,930 212 113 99

 Architecture ....................................................................................................... 6,173 3,695 2,478 3,719 2,254 1,465 96 52 44

 City/urban, community and regional planning ................................................... 844 569 275 2,111 1,096 1,015 79 44 35

 Environmental design/architecture .................................................................... 766 435 331 20 3 17 26 11 15

 Interior architecture............................................................................................ 727 73 654 76 10 66 0 0 0

 Landscape architecture ..................................................................................... 1,040 683 357 545 238 307 3 1 2

 Architectural history and criticism, general........................................................ 43 12 3182652 3

 Architectural technology/technician ................................................................... 160 105 5500000 0

 Architecture and related services, other............................................................ 366 225 141 108 54 54 3 3 0

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies ........................................................... 8,772 2,735 6,037 1,779 607 1,172 239 87 152

 African studies................................................................................................... 73 25 48 55 20 3574 3

 American/United States studies/civilization....................................................... 1,581 592 989 269 90 179 82 26 56

 Asian studies/civilization.................................................................................... 741 361 380 120 48 7200 0

 East Asian studies ............................................................................................. 484 221 263 118 56 62 19 4 15

 Central/Middle and Eastern European studies .................................................. 12 6 6 22 9 13 0 0 0

 European studies/civilization ............................................................................. 182 44 138 112900 0

 Latin American studies ...................................................................................... 556 173 383 262 88 174 43 1

 Near and Middle Eastern studies ...................................................................... 251 116 135 141 71 70 35 17 18

 Pacific Area/Pacific rim studies.......................................................................... 4 1 3 9 4 5 0 0 0

 Russian studies ................................................................................................. 91 36 55 71 31 40 0 0 0

 Scandinavian studies......................................................................................... 27 11 16 2 1 1 0 0 0

 South Asian studies........................................................................................... 14 3 11 13 4 9 1 1 0

 Southeast Asian studies .................................................................................... 0 0 0 16 9 7 0 0 0

 Western European studies ................................................................................ 17 2 15 50 16 34 3 2 1

 Canadian studies............................................................................................... 21100000 0

 Slavic studies..................................................................................................... 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Ural-Altaic and Central Asian studies ................................................................ 0 0 0 25 15 10 1 0 1

 Commonwealth studies ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Regional studies (U.S., Canadian, foreign)........................................................ 5 3 2 3 1 2 3 0 3

 Chinese studies ................................................................................................. 28 14 14 11 7 4 0 0 0

 French studies ................................................................................................... 42 8 34 3 1 2 8 2 6

 German studies ................................................................................................. 48 21 27 5 4 1 5 2 3

 Italian studies..................................................................................................... 49 15 34 6 2 4 00 0

 Japanese studies............................................................................................... 51 24 2752300 0

 Korean studies................................................................................................... 00021100 0

 Spanish and Iberian studies .............................................................................. 20 4 1600000 0

 Tibetan studies .................................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Area studies, other ............................................................................................ 689 209 480 69 27 4200 0

 African-American/Black studies......................................................................... 725 240 485 87 28 59 24 13 11

 American Indian/Native American studies......................................................... 202 80 122 27 9 18 9 4 5

 Hispanic-American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican-American/Chicano studies .... 344 100 244 46 11 35 4 2 2

 Asian-American studies..................................................................................... 151 60 91 18 5 13 0 0 0

 Women’s studies................................................................................................ 1,281 38 1,243 181 7 174 14 0 14

 Gay/lesbian studies ........................................................................................... 4 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Ethnic, cultural minority, and gender studies, other ........................................... 529 158 371 66 16 50 11 3 8

 Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies, other ............................................... 566 167 399 66 22 44 9 4 5

Biological and biomedical sciences ..................................................................... 80,756 32,925 47,831 9,898 4,200 5,698 6,957 3,292 3,665

 Biology/biological sciences, general.................................................................. 55,856 21,906 33,950 2,986 1,257 1,729 896 434 462

 Biomedical sciences, general ............................................................................ 1,965 715 1,250 507 242 265 291 112 179

 Biochemistry...................................................................................................... 5,713 2,858 2,855 301 128 173 515 274 241

 Biophysics.......................................................................................................... 75 52 23 42 28 14 151 105 46

 Molecular biology............................................................................................... 589 274 315 176 72 104 258 112 146

 Molecular biochemistry...................................................................................... 311 144 167 20 7 13 75 37 38

 Molecular biophysics ......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1 1 0 12 7 5

 Structural biology............................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1

 Radiation biology/radiobiology........................................................................... 4 1 3 12 11 1 4 2 2

 Biochemistry/biophysics and molecular biology ................................................ 476 240 236 84 33 51 127 66 61

 Biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology, other...................................... 150 68 82 4 2 2 9 4 5

 Botany/plant biology .......................................................................................... 213 98 115 79 28 51 111 65 46

 Plant pathology/phytopathology......................................................................... 15 7 8 55 22 33 61 35 26

 Plant physiology................................................................................................. 0 0 0 6 3 3 12 3 9

 Plant molecular biology ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 3 1 2 3 2 1

 Botany/plant biology, other................................................................................. 10 6 4 17 6 11 9 5 4

 Cell/cellular biology and histology ..................................................................... 476 219 257 46 22 24 183 93 90

 Anatomy ............................................................................................................ 500 240 260 82 47 35 71 34 37

 Developmental biology and embryology............................................................ 0 0 0 21 6 15 29 17 12

 Neuroanatomy ................................................................................................... 00022053 2

 Cell/cellular and molecular biology .................................................................... 1,924 865 1,059 128 57 71 383 184 199

 Cell biology and anatomy .................................................................................. 8 2 6 6 2 4 25 14 11

 Cell/cellular biology and anatomical sciences, other ......................................... 206 91 115 134 58 76 147 58 89

 Microbiology, general......................................................................................... 1,544 694 850 144 55 89 241 113 128

 Medical microbiology and bacteriology.............................................................. 797 354 443 89 27 62 216 82 134

 Virology.............................................................................................................. 0 0 0 1 0 1 13 3 10

 Parasitology ....................................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Immunology ....................................................................................................... 0 0 0 20 9 11 144 60 84

 Microbiological sciences and immunology, other............................................... 139 65 74 37 12 25 102 45 57

 Zoology/animal biology...................................................................................... 1,739 662 1,077 127 48 79 111 50 61

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
418 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Entomology........................................................................................................ 105 54 51 114 53 61 120 68 52

 Animal physiology.............................................................................................. 57 27 30 85 31 54 52 22 30

 Animal behavior and ethology ........................................................................... 23 5 1851471 6

 Wildlife biology................................................................................................... 217 99 118 12 9374 3

 Physiology, human and animal .......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Zoology/animal biology, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0

 Genetics, general............................................................................................... 200 88 112 48 13 35 134 59 75

 Molecular genetics............................................................................................. 83 28 55 34 9 25 62 25 37

 Animal genetics ................................................................................................. 66 40 26 16 9 7 45 21 24

 Plant genetics .................................................................................................... 0 0 0 5 4 1 7 4 3

 Human/medical genetics ................................................................................... 4 1 3 73 11 62 79 33 46

 Genetics, plant and animal ................................................................................ 00000000 0

 Genetics, other .................................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 4 5

 Physiology, general............................................................................................ 1,195 493 702 352 180 172 169 79 90

 Molecular physiology ......................................................................................... 0 0 0 5 0 5 18 6 12

 Cell physiology................................................................................................... 0 0 0 3 1 2 17 5 12

 Endocrinology.................................................................................................... 00053272 5

 Reproductive biology ......................................................................................... 00020222 0

 Neurobiology and neurophysiology ................................................................... 366 139 227 16 12 4 94 45 49

 Cardiovascular science...................................................................................... 0 0 0 7 6 1 6 3 3

 Exercise physiology ........................................................................................... 1,210 565 645 138 62 76 16 6 10

 Vision science/physiological optics.................................................................... 85 28 57 10 4 6 14 8 6

 Pathology/experimental pathology..................................................................... 20 4 16 126 44 82 199 93 106

 Oncology and cancer biology ............................................................................ 0 0 0 13 4 9 70 33 37

 Medical physiology ............................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Physiology, pathology, and related sciences, other............................................ 26 16 10 20 12 8 21 7 14

 Pharmacology.................................................................................................... 46 22 24 102 43 59 296 140 156

 Molecular pharmacology ................................................................................... 0 0 0 6 2 4 38 20 18

 Neuropharmacology .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 28 21 7 0 0 0

 Toxicology .......................................................................................................... 66 22 44 46 16 30 93 37 56

 Molecular toxicology .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1 0 1 6 4 2

 Environmental toxicology................................................................................... 25 5 20 7 3 4 29 12 17

 Pharmacology and toxicology............................................................................ 56 20 36 24 12 12 34 16 18

 Biometry/biometrics........................................................................................... 32 19 13 26 17 9 22 8 14

 Biostatistics........................................................................................................ 7 3 4 334 122 212 119 54 65

 Bioinformatics .................................................................................................... 123 83 40 197 112 85 92 69 23

 Biomathematics and bioinformatics, other......................................................... 15 8 7 26 17 9 9 6 3

 Biotechnology .................................................................................................... 576 277 299 798 347 451 2 1 1

 Ecology.............................................................................................................. 580 256 324 181 85 96 163 82 81

 Marine biology and biological oceanography..................................................... 922 284 638 197 64 133 81 48 33

 Evolutionary biology .......................................................................................... 74 31 43 9 5 4 39 18 21

 Aquatic biology/limnology .................................................................................. 83 45 38 114700 0

 Environmental biology ....................................................................................... 178 81 97 47 16 31 4 1 3

 Population biology ............................................................................................. 0 0 0 9 2 7 18 7 11

 Conservation biology ......................................................................................... 159 62 97 27 8 19 3 2 1

 Systemic biology/biological systemics............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

 Epidemiology ..................................................................................................... 0 0 0 714 218 496 229 60 169

 Ecology, evolution, systematics and population biology, other........................... 266 113 153 29 14 15 75 33 42

 Biological and biomedical sciences, other......................................................... 1,181 446 735 856 416 440 242 122 120

Business, management, marketing, and personal and culinary services............ 347,985 177,862 170,123 168,375 91,981 76,394 2,123 1,302 821

 Business, management, marketing, and related support services.................... 346,972 177,381 169,591 168,367 91,979 76,388 2,123 1,302 821

 Business/commerce, general .......................................................................... 22,237 11,878 10,359 10,713 6,461 4,252 307 194 113

 Business administration and management, general........................................ 130,312 66,190 64,122 104,132 58,766 45,366 937 607 330

 Purchasing, procurement/acquisitions and contracts management ................ 349 178 171 290 143 147 0 0 0

 Logistics and materials management.............................................................. 1,384 994 390 297 199 98 1 1 0

 Office management and supervision............................................................... 2,706 989 1,71781700 0

 Operations management and supervision....................................................... 2,308 1,533 775 749 464 285 173 88 85

 Nonprofit/public/organizational management .................................................. 708 274 434 1,258 358 900 32 11 21

 Customer service management....................................................................... 44 22 2240400 0

 E-commerce/electronic commerce .................................................................. 386 250 136 74 43 31 4 0 4

 Transportation/transportation management..................................................... 90 71 19 69 56 13 1 1 0

 Business administration, management and operations, other......................... 10,555 5,090 5,465 4,515 2,394 2,121 33 21 12

 Accounting....................................................................................................... 44,514 20,446 24,068 11,415 5,314 6,101 41 27 14

 Accounting technology/technician and bookkeeping....................................... 121 55 6621100 0

 Auditing............................................................................................................ 2 0 2 47 20 27 0 0 0

 Accounting and finance ................................................................................... 353 176 177 878 354 524 00 0

 Accounting and business/management........................................................... 2,637 631 2,006 890 317 573 2 2 0

 Accounting and related services, other ........................................................... 408 229 179 332 217 115 0 0 0

 Administrative assistant and secretarial science, general ............................... 53 16 3720200 0

 Executive assistant/executive secretary .......................................................... 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Business/office automation/technology/data entry .......................................... 81 36 4588000 0

 General office occupations and clerical services ............................................ 00000000 0

 Business operations support and secretarial services, other .......................... 2 1 1 64 27 37 0 0 0

 Business/corporate communications............................................................... 608 195 413 270 85 185 0 0 0

 Business/managerial economics..................................................................... 4,486 3,054 1,432 227 104 123 56 36 20

 Entrepreneurship/entrepreneurial studies ....................................................... 1,642 1,098 544 413 265 148 0 0 0

 Small business administration/management ................................................... 97 45 52 55 30 25 0 0 0

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 419

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Entrepreneurial and small business operations, other..................................... 64 40 2471600 0

 Finance, general.............................................................................................. 34,067 22,931 11,136 5,268 3,526 1,742 50 37 13

 Banking and financial support services........................................................... 552 327 225 97 70 27 2 1 1

 Financial planning and services ...................................................................... 146 99 47 251 164 87 2 1 1

 International finance ........................................................................................ 14 5 9 93 49 44 0 0 0

 Investments and securities .............................................................................. 23 16 7 74 52 22 0 0 0

 Public finance .................................................................................................. 00000000 0

 Finance and financial management services, other ........................................ 275 166 109 544 323 221 0 0 0

 Hospitality administration/management, general............................................. 5,961 2,155 3,806 279 100 179 22 3 19

 Tourism and travel services management ....................................................... 791 239 552 182 89 93 0 0 0

 Hotel/motel administration/management ......................................................... 1,811 738 1,073 120 39 81 8 3 5

 Restaurant/food services management........................................................... 559 280 27911000 0

 Resort management........................................................................................ 113 51 6200000 0

 Hotel/motel and restaurant management ........................................................ 00000000 0

 Hospitality administration/management, other ................................................ 714 276 438 95 31 64 2 1 1

 Human resources management/personnel administration, general ................ 5,375 1,719 3,656 4,136 956 3,180 30 12 18

 Labor and industrial relations .......................................................................... 766 385 381 581 201 380 23 15 8

 Organizational behavior studies ...................................................................... 3,184 1,295 1,889 1,654 629 1,025 177 88 89

 Labor studies ................................................................................................... 42 24 1811010 1

 Human resources development....................................................................... 524 131 393 705 223 482 1 0 1

 Human resources management and services, other....................................... 580 283 297 1,397 542 855 19 11 8

 International business/trade/commerce........................................................... 5,908 2,832 3,076 2,597 1,498 1,099 31 20 11

 Management information systems, general..................................................... 7,163 5,299 1,864 4,389 3,042 1,347 40 28 12

 Information resources management/CIO training............................................ 115 93 22 435 318 117 41 37 4

 Knowledge management................................................................................. 9 8 1 65 40 25 4 2 2

 Management information systems and services, other ................................... 167 120 47 41 29 12 0 0 0

 Management science, general......................................................................... 3,199 1,880 1,319 807 461 346 12 12 0

 Business statistics ........................................................................................... 28 19 9 35 21 14 0 0 0

 Actuarial science ............................................................................................. 640 400 240 191 117 74 0 0 0

 Management sciences and quantitative methods, other ................................. 217 139 78 440 205 235 7 6 1

 Marketing/marketing management, general .................................................... 32,638 14,613 18,025 1,791 701 1,090 34 20 14

 Marketing research.......................................................................................... 59 20 39 80 32 48 0 0 0

 International marketing.................................................................................... 102 13 89 66 22 44 2 1 1

 Marketing, other............................................................................................... 942 463 479 117 53 64 0 0 0

 Real estate ...................................................................................................... 981 696 285 559 426 133 1 0 1

 Taxation ........................................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,456 658 798 0 0 0

 Insurance......................................................................................................... 661 428 233 88 44 44 2 0 2

 Sales, distribution, and marketing operations, general.................................... 1,365 712 653 274 139 135 3 2 1

 Merchandising and buying operations............................................................. 83 17 66 11 0 11 0 0 0

 Retailing and retail operations ......................................................................... 300 80 220 124800 0

 Selling skills and sales operations................................................................... 272 134 13800000 0

 General merchandising/sales/related marketing operations, other ................. 235 88 14722000 0

 Fashion merchandising.................................................................................... 2,352 95 2,25710100 0

 Apparel and accessories marketing operations............................................... 479 27 45292700 0

 Tourism and travel services marketing operations........................................... 47 17 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Tourism promotion operations ......................................................................... 101 29 72 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Vehicle and vehicle parts and accessories marketing operations ................... 137 115 2200000 0

 Business and personal/financial services marketing operations ..................... 18 9900000 0

 Special products marketing operations............................................................ 117 35 82 146800 0

 Hospitality and recreation marketing operations.............................................. 71 56 15 21 11 10 0 0 0

 Specialized merchandising/sales/related marketing operations, other............ 109 27 82 57 23 34 0 0 0

 Construction management .............................................................................. 1,995 1,871 124 156 120 36 0 0 0

 Business/management/marketing/related support services, other.................. 4,816 2,434 2,382 2,456 1,381 1,075 22 14 8

 Personal and culinary services.......................................................................... 1,013 481 53282600 0

 Funeral service and mortuary science, general .............................................. 143 54 8900000 0

 Funeral direction/service ................................................................................. 20 7 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Cooking and related culinary arts, general...................................................... 35 17 1800000 0

 Baking and pastry arts/baker/pastry chef........................................................ 56 10 4600000 0

 Culinary arts/chef training................................................................................ 440 235 205 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Restaurant, culinary, and catering management/manager.............................. 261 131 13000000 0

 Food preparation/professional cooking/kitchen assistant ................................ 18 11700000 0

 Culinary arts and related services, other......................................................... 39 15 2482600 0

 Personal and culinary services, other.............................................................. 11000000 0

Communication and communications technologies............................................. 83,109 31,218 51,891 7,567 2,459 5,108 535 225 310

 Communication, journalism, and related programs ........................................... 78,009 27,519 50,490 7,092 2,212 4,880 533 223 310

 Communication studies/speech communication and rhetoric ......................... 33,229 11,229 22,000 2,167 638 1,529 281 102 179

 Mass communication/media studies................................................................ 8,390 3,032 5,358 772 265 507 137 71 66

 Communication and media studies, other ....................................................... 1,554 505 1,049 447 125 322 33 13 20

 Journalism ....................................................................................................... 12,439 4,091 8,348 1,464 456 1,008 25 10 15

 Broadcast journalism....................................................................................... 1,120 472 648 45 7 38 66 0

 Photojournalism............................................................................................... 178 65 113 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Journalism, other............................................................................................. 674 227 447 115 34 81 0 0 0

 Radio and television ........................................................................................ 5,579 3,215 2,364 289 126 163 15 8 7

 Digital communication and media/multimedia ................................................. 1,127 650 477 142 80 62 7 5 2

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
420 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Radio, television, and digital communication, other......................................... 449 243 206 105500 0

 Organizational communication, general .......................................................... 1,079 363 716 217 55 162 5 2 3

 Public relations/image management................................................................ 4,475 869 3,606 254 50 204 0 0 0

 Advertising....................................................................................................... 4,901 1,492 3,409 235 73 162 7 2 5

 Political communication ................................................................................... 60 27 33 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Health communication ..................................................................................... 6 0 6 23 1 22 3 0 3

 Public relations, advertising and applied communication, other ...................... 861 218 643 128 36 92 0 0 0

 Publishing ........................................................................................................ 0 0 0 116 16 100 0 0 0

 Communication, journalism, and related programs, other............................... 1,888 821 1,067 668 245 423 14 4 10

 Communications technologies/technicians and support services ..................... 5,100 3,699 1,401 475 247 228 2 2 0

 Communications technology/technician .......................................................... 77 56 21 54 29 25 2 2 0

 Photographic and film/video technology/technician and assistant................... 43 23 2000000 0

 Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician ............................... 636 389 247 149 33 116 0 0 0

 Recording arts technology/technician ............................................................. 489 436 53 16 13 3 0 0 0

 Audiovisual communications technologies/technicians, other ......................... 270 240 3000000 0

 Graphic communications, general ................................................................... 235 86 14900000 0

 Printing management ...................................................................................... 74 33 41 106400 0

 Prepress/desktop publishing and digital imaging design................................. 67 32 3531200 0

 Animation/interactive technology/video graphics/special effects ..................... 2,824 2,169 655 185 134 51 0 0 0

 Graphic and printing equipment operator, general production......................... 65 39 2600000 0

 Printing press operator .................................................................................... 18 8 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Computer typography and composition equipment operator........................... 00000000 0

 Graphic communications, other ....................................................................... 91 47 44 124800 0

 Communications technologies/technicians and support services, other ......... 211 141 70 46 27 19 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences and support services.................................. 37,994 31,215 6,779 17,907 13,063 4,844 1,580 1,226 354

 Computer and information sciences, general .................................................... 12,526 10,392 2,134 4,935 3,718 1,217 622 501 121

 Artificial intelligence and robotics ...................................................................... 0 0 0 52 43 9 32 27 5

 Information technology ...................................................................................... 4,180 3,251 929 1,448 1,070 378 29 19 10

 Computer and information sciences, other........................................................ 220 174 46 47 39 8 0 0 0

 Computer programming/programmer, general .................................................. 458 404 54 87 65 22 0 0 0

 Computer programming, specific applications................................................... 27 22 5 28 24 4 0 0 0

 Computer programming, other........................................................................... 287 249 38 5 5 0 0 0 0

 Data processing and data processing technology/technician............................ 150 114 3665100 0

 Information science/studies ............................................................................... 4,923 3,759 1,164 3,394 2,172 1,222 125 74 51

 Computer systems analysis/analyst .................................................................. 915 724 191 209 153 56 8 6 2

 Computer science.............................................................................................. 7,568 6,655 913 5,219 3,980 1,239 710 565 145

 Web page, digital/multimedia and information resources design....................... 952 637 315 179 94 85 0 0 0

 Data modeling/warehousing and database administration................................ 12 9 3 35 23 12 0 0 0

 Computer graphics ............................................................................................ 1,378 1,082 296 231 138 93 1 1 0

 Computer software and media applications, other ............................................ 363 310 53 98 67 31 0 0 0

 Computer systems networking and telecommunications .................................. 1,202 1,080 122 772 586 186 3 2 1

 System administration/administrator.................................................................. 147 139 8 5 4 1 0 0 0

 System, networking, and LAN/WAN management/manager............................. 198 170 2800000 0

 Computer and information systems security ..................................................... 1,363 1,165 198 376 310 66 0 0 0

 Web/multimedia management and webmaster ................................................. 63300000 0

 Computer/information tech. services admin. and management, other.............. 521 372 149 183 112 71 3 2 1

 Computer and information sciences and support services, other ..................... 598 504 94 598 455 143 47 29 18

Education............................................................................................................. 101,708 21,159 80,549 178,564 40,324 138,240 9,028 2,956 6,072

 Education, general............................................................................................. 2,681 464 2,217 26,057 5,832 20,225 1,328 401 927

 Bilingual and multilingual ................................................................................... 389 15 374 1,013 251 762 13 5 8

 Multicultural education....................................................................................... 0 0 0 62 9 53 14 6 8

 Indian/Native American education..................................................................... 63300000 0

 Bilingual, multilingual, and multicultural education, other .................................. 00030300 0

 Curriculum and instruction................................................................................. 14 3 11 17,727 3,451 14,276 948 253 695

 Educational leadership and administration, general.......................................... 93 4 89 20,225 7,139 13,086 3,339 1,176 2,163

 Administration of special education ................................................................... 0 0 0 9 3 6 10 3 7

 Adult and continuing education administration .................................................. 7 6 1 535 133 402 52 19 33

 Educational, instructional, and curriculum supervision...................................... 43 13 30 1,192 319 873 142 33 109

 Higher education/higher education administration ............................................ 0 0 0 2,065 700 1,365 384 161 223

 Community college education ........................................................................... 0 0 0 72 12 60 42 13 29

 Elementary and middle school administration/principalship.............................. 0 0 0 967 359 608 54 21 33

 Secondary school administration/principalship ................................................. 0 0 0 361 146 215 23 7 16

 Urban education and leadership........................................................................ 76 28 48 200 70 130 39 10 29

 Superintendency and educational system administration ................................. 0 0 0 586 184 402 67 18 49

 Elementary, middle and secondary education/administration ........................... 00000000 0

 Educational administration and supervision, other............................................ 3 1 2 1,288 503 785 391 160 231

 Educational/instructional media design ............................................................. 43 17 26 3,594 1,052 2,542 134 54 80

 Educational evaluation and research................................................................. 0 0 0 48 17 31 32 14 18

 Educational statistics and research methods .................................................... 0 0 0 34 15 19 26 10 16

 Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ........................................ 0 0 0 80 16 64 32 14 18

 Educational assessment, evaluation, and research, other ................................ 0 0 0 34 10 24 15 6 9

 International and comparative education........................................................... 0 0 0 197 36 161 15 3 12

 Social and philosophical foundations of education............................................ 0 0 0 458 111 347 174 69 105

 Special education and teaching, general........................................................... 6,405 666 5,739 13,945 2,182 11,763 182 26 156

 Education/teaching of individuals with hearing impairments/deafness ............. 144 8 136 150 20 130 2 0 2

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 421

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Education/teaching of the gifted and talented ................................................... 0 0 0 405 35 370 2 1 1

 Education/teaching of individuals with emotional disturbances......................... 135 19 116 109 25 84 6 0 6

 Education/teaching of individuals with mental retardation................................. 175 19 156 86 14 72 10 1 9

 Education/teaching of individuals with multiple disabilities................................ 67 9 58 338 39 299 0 0 0

 Educ./teach. of individuals with orthopedic/physical health impair. .................. 3 0 3 123920 2

 Education/teaching of individuals with vision impairments/blindness................ 19 3 16 76 14 62 0 0 0

 Educ./teach. of individuals with specific learning disabilities............................. 371 36 335 820 113 707 0 0 0

 Education/teaching of individuals with speech/language impairments.............. 270 6 264 209 7 202 0 0 0

 Education/teaching of individuals with autism ................................................... 0 0 0 21 1 20 0 0 0

 Education/teaching of individuals who are developmentally delayed ................ 00000000 0

 Educ./teach. of individuals in early childhood spec. educ. programs ................ 73 5 68 421 21 400 3 0 3

 Special education and teaching, other .............................................................. 322 29 293 652 117 535 12 2 10

 Counselor education/school counseling and guidance services ....................... 26 5 21 12,611 2,079 10,532 310 65 245

 College student counseling and personnel services ......................................... 2 1 1 897 241 656 14 7 7

 Student counseling and personnel services, other............................................ 6 1 5 233 41 192 7 2 5

 Adult and continuing education and teaching.................................................... 43 18 25 1,233 340 893 177 55 122

 Elementary education and teaching .................................................................. 39,870 3,512 36,358 17,073 1,860 15,213 45 2 43

 Junior high/intermediate/middle school education and teaching ....................... 2,576 577 1,999 1,307 320 987 3 0 3

 Secondary education and teaching ................................................................... 3,776 1,517 2,259 9,364 3,351 6,013 28 8 20

 Teacher education, multiple levels ..................................................................... 947 134 813 4,317 894 3,423 22 9 13

 Montessori teacher education ........................................................................... 2 0 2 155 4 151 0 0 0

 Waldorf/Steiner teacher education .................................................................... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Kindergarten/preschool education and teaching ............................................... 2,030 48 1,982 400 29 371 19 4 15

 Early childhood education and teaching............................................................ 9,235 335 8,900 2,309 79 2,230 28 3 25

 Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten teacher education...................... 00000000 0

 Teacher educ. and prof. dev., specific levels and methods, other...................... 279 35 244 4,116 876 3,240 56 22 34

 Agricultural teacher education ........................................................................... 483 195 288 312 90 222 29 14 15

 Art teacher education ........................................................................................ 1,494 250 1,244 958 157 801 33 9 24

 Business teacher education .............................................................................. 407 170 237 244 100 144 1 1 0

 Driver and safety teacher education .................................................................. 00087100 0

 English/language arts teacher education .......................................................... 2,615 501 2,114 1,169 278 891 29 10 19

 Foreign language teacher education ................................................................. 144 19 125 214 39 175 11 2 9

 Health teacher education................................................................................... 1,591 494 1,097 621 156 465 40 6 34

 Family and consumer sciences/home economics teacher education................ 361 11 350 59 6 53 7 0 7

 Technology teacher education/industrial arts teacher education....................... 670 560 110 488 285 203 11 8 3

 Sales and marketing operations/marketing and dist. teacher educ. ................. 30 13 1710100 0

 Mathematics teacher education......................................................................... 1,976 701 1,275 1,580 553 1,027 51 22 29

 Music teacher education.................................................................................... 3,595 1,436 2,159 1,287 509 778 59 32 27

 Physical education teaching and coaching........................................................ 9,270 5,356 3,914 2,418 1,397 1,021 80 38 42

 Reading teacher education................................................................................ 121 8 113 8,373 425 7,948 49 10 39

 Science teacher education/general science teacher education ........................ 684 265 419 983 304 679 40 16 24

 Social science teacher education ...................................................................... 598 309 289 158 70 88 0 0 0

 Social studies teacher education....................................................................... 2,030 1,145 885 707 349 358 54 1

 Technical teacher education .............................................................................. 263 148 115 231 84 147 60 16 44

 Trade and industrial teacher education.............................................................. 1,159 767 392 289 92 197 9 4 5

 Computer teacher education ............................................................................. 1 1 0 903 263 640 8 2 6

 Biology teacher education ................................................................................. 353 154 199 243 73 170 0 0 0

 Chemistry teacher education............................................................................. 63 23 40 57 18 39 0 0 0

 Drama and dance teacher education ................................................................ 173 25 148 54 18 36 0 0 0

 French language teacher education .................................................................. 60 9 51 13 2 11 0 0 0

 German language teacher education ................................................................ 14 8610100 0

 Health occupations teacher education .............................................................. 8 0 8 40 9 31 0 0 0

 History teacher education.................................................................................. 810 472 338 86 53 33 0 0 0

 Physics teacher education................................................................................. 47 27 20 17 11 6 0 0 0

 Spanish language teacher education ................................................................ 422 84 338 195 42 153 0 0 0

 Speech teacher education................................................................................. 56 18 38 80 19 61 5 1 4

 Geography teacher education ........................................................................... 13 6 7 19 9 10 0 0 0

 Latin teacher education ..................................................................................... 41342200 0

 School librarian/library media specialist ............................................................ 1 0 1 170 11 159 0 0 0

 Psychology teacher education........................................................................... 13 4951400 0

 Teacher educ. and prof. dev., specific subject areas, other ............................... 495 136 359 1,722 389 1,333 46 14 32

 Teaching English as a second/foreign language/ESL language instructor ........ 182 33 149 2,374 456 1,918 21 5 16

 Teaching French as a second or foreign language ............................................ 00021100 0

 Teacher assistant/aide....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Adult literacy tutor/instructor .............................................................................. 0 0 0 38 1 37 2 0 2

 Teaching assistants/aides, other........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Education, other ................................................................................................ 1,370 272 1,098 4,375 972 3,403 230 79 151

Engineering and engineering technologies ......................................................... 84,636 70,675 13,961 38,205 29,595 8,610 7,990 6,259 1,731

 Engineering ....................................................................................................... 69,133 56,716 12,417 34,750 26,970 7,780 7,931 6,212 1,719

 Engineering, general ....................................................................................... 2,054 1,652 402 1,992 1,559 433 313 249 64

 Aerospace, aeronautical and astronautical engineering.................................. 3,037 2,600 437 1,075 906 169 257 224 33

 Agricultural/biological engineering and bioengineering ................................... 766 532 234 203 131 72 95 60 35

 Architectural engineering................................................................................. 789 572 217 133 87 46 2 2 0

 Biomedical/medical engineering...................................................................... 3,695 2,329 1,366 1,347 808 539 725 440 285

 Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................................. 69 53 1684473 4

 Chemical engineering...................................................................................... 5,036 3,302 1,734 994 652 342 789 572 217

 Civil engineering, general ................................................................................ 10,549 8,442 2,107 3,443 2,508 935 727 560 167

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
422 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Geotechnical engineering................................................................................ 00054100 0

 Structural engineering ..................................................................................... 180 134 46 172 136 36 12 10 2

 Transportation and highway engineering......................................................... 0 0 0 88 65 23 6 5 1

 Water resources engineering........................................................................... 11 6 5 46 27 19 16 11 5

 Civil engineering, other.................................................................................... 45 32 13 40 31 9 1 1 0

 Computer engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,682 3,410 272 1,668 1,320 348 273 227 46

 Computer hardware engineering ..................................................................... 00022000 0

 Computer software engineering ...................................................................... 457 438 19 1,731 1,322 409 5 5 0

 Computer engineering, other........................................................................... 38 36 2 75 62 13 0 0 0

 Electrical, electronics and communications engineering................................. 11,619 10,368 1,251 9,178 7,462 1,716 1,811 1,519 292

 Engineering mechanics ................................................................................... 92 79 13 56 49 7 44 40 4

 Engineering physics ........................................................................................ 416 359 57 46 39 7 31 27 4

 Engineering science ........................................................................................ 403 295 108 260 207 53 84 64 20

 Environmental/environmental health engineering............................................ 555 313 242 558 292 266 134 95 39

 Materials engineering ...................................................................................... 679 513 166 572 406 166 434 323 111

 Mechanical engineering................................................................................... 17,352 15,424 1,928 4,620 3,929 691 1,142 986 156

 Metallurgical engineering................................................................................. 100 77 23 52 41 11 31 25 6

 Mining and mineral engineering ...................................................................... 176 157 19 48 40 8 10 8 2

 Naval architecture and marine engineering..................................................... 325 298 27 23 22 1 6 4 2

 Nuclear engineering ........................................................................................ 373 306 67 245 196 49 80 70 10

 Ocean engineering .......................................................................................... 165 134 31 56 43 13 19 17 2

 Petroleum engineering..................................................................................... 690 592 98 251 205 46 52 44 8

 Systems engineering....................................................................................... 623 507 116 1,455 1,143 312 67 60 7

 Textile sciences and engineering..................................................................... 181 64 117 49 22 27 33 20 13

 Materials science............................................................................................. 222 164 58 204 143 61 189 138 51

 Polymer/plastics engineering........................................................................... 67 53 14 38 29 9 37 29 8

 Construction engineering ................................................................................ 377 345 32 46 38 8 0 0 0

 Forest engineering........................................................................................... 12 11132176 1

 Industrial engineering ...................................................................................... 2,851 2,017 834 1,997 1,499 498 298 218 80

 Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................................. 00000000 0

 Manufacturing engineering .............................................................................. 247 211 36 295 244 51 3 3 0

 Operations research ........................................................................................ 391 258 133 399 297 102 61 44 17

 Surveying engineering..................................................................................... 21 20165111 0

 Geological/geophysical engineering................................................................ 133 95 38 78 58 20 4 3 1

 Engineering, other ........................................................................................... 655 518 137 1,193 935 258 125 99 26

 Engineering technologies/construction trades/mechanics and repairers .......... 15,503 13,959 1,544 3,455 2,625 830 59 47 12

 Engineering technologies/technicians ............................................................. 15,112 13,589 1,523 3,455 2,625 830 59 47 12

 Engineering technology, general ................................................................... 892 823 69 198 158 40 5 5 0

 Architectural engineering technology/technician ........................................... 552 476 7600000 0

 Civil engineering technology/technician ........................................................ 608 539 6900000 0

 Electrical/electronic/communications eng. technology/technician ................. 1,956 1,816 140 38 30 8 0 0 0

 Laser and optical technology/technician........................................................ 00000000 0

 Telecommunications technology/technician................................................... 60 57 3 120 102 18 0 0 0

 Electrical/electronic eng. technologies/technicians, other ............................. 260 231 2900000 0

 Biomedical technology/technician ................................................................. 92 70 22 20 10 10 8 7 1

 Electromechanical technology/electromechanical eng. technology .............. 112 107598100 0

 Instrumentation technology/technician .......................................................... 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Robotics technology/technician ..................................................................... 25 18700000 0

 Electromechanical/instrumentation and maintenance technol./tech. ............ 66000000 0

 Heating, air conditioning and refrigeration technology/technician ................. 14 14000000 0

 Energy management and systems technology/technician ............................ 50 50 0 25 21 4 0 0 0

 Solar energy technology/technician............................................................... 21 20100000 0

 Water quality/wastewater treatment manage./recycling technol./tech. ......... 25 12 1300000 0

 Environmental engineering technology/environmental technology................ 66 44 22 71 46 25 0 0 0

 Hazardous materials management and waste technology/technician........... 00011000 0

 Environmental control technologies/technicians, other.................................. 11 6 5 46 29 17 0 0 0

 Plastics engineering technology/technician................................................... 85 78795400 0

 Metallurgical technology/technician............................................................... 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Industrial technology/technician .................................................................... 1,658 1,511 147 366 264 10286 2

 Manufacturing technology/technician ............................................................ 616 544 72 71 62 9 0 0 0

 Industrial/manufacturing technology/technician............................................. 00000000 0

 Industrial production technologies/technicians, other.................................... 323 281 4298100 0

 Occupational safety and health technology/technician.................................. 555 455 100 178 136 42 0 0 0

 Quality control technology/technician ............................................................ 15 13 2 79 53 26 0 0 0

 Industrial safety technology/technician.......................................................... 74 60 14 13 11 2 0 0 0

 Quality control and safety technologies/technicians, other............................ 31 30 1 5 2 3 0 0 0

 Aeronautical/aerospace engineering technology/technician ......................... 78 74400000 0

 Automotive engineering technology/technician ............................................. 342 324 1800000 0

 Mechanical engineering/mechanical technology/technician.......................... 1,250 1,179 71 106400 0

 Mechanical engineering related technologies/technicians, other .................. 305 278 2700000 0

 Mining technology/technician ........................................................................ 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Petroleum technology/technician................................................................... 99000000 0

 Mining and petroleum technologies/technicians, other.................................. 22011000 0

 Construction engineering technology/technician........................................... 2,215 2,046 169 156 128 28 0 0 0

 Surveying technology/surveying.................................................................... 191 171 2096363 3

 Engineering-related technologies, other........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Computer engineering technology/technician ............................................... 595 540 5564200 0

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 423

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Computer technology/computer systems technology.................................... 232 197 35 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Computer hardware technology/technician ................................................... 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

 Computer software technology/technician..................................................... 54 47 7 7 7 0 0 0 0

 Computer engineering technologies/technicians, other................................. 00000000 0

 Drafting/design engineering technologies/technicians, general..................... 68 49 1900000 0

 CAD/CADD drafting and/or design technology/technician ............................ 57 47 10 9 8 1 0 0 0

 Architectural drafting and architectural CAD/CADD ...................................... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Electrical/electronics drafting and electrical/electronics ................................ 00000000 0

 Mechanical drafting and mechanical drafting CAD/CADD............................. 148 115 3300000 0

 Drafting/design engineering technologies/technicians, other ........................ 13 11200000 0

 Nuclear engineering technology/technician................................................... 108 99900000 0

 Engineering/industrial management.............................................................. 617 517 100 1,884 1,432 452 32 26 6

 Engineering technologies/technicians, other ................................................. 699 602 97 114 86 28 0 0 0

 Construction trades ......................................................................................... 168 163500000 0

 Electrician...................................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Building/construction finishing, mgmt., and inspection.................................. 15 15000000 0

 Building/construction finishing, mgmt., and inspection, other........................ 81 76500000 0

 Construction trades, other ............................................................................. 72 72000000 0

 

 Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians................................................ 223 207 1600000 0

 Electrical/electronics equipment installation/repair........................................ 33000000 0

 Business machine repair ............................................................................... 22000000 0

 Industrial electronics technology/technician .................................................. 11000000 0

 Heating, air conditioning, ventilation/refrig. maintenance .............................. 22000000 0

 Heavy equipment maintenance technology/technician.................................. 12 12000000 0

 Automobile/automotive mechanics technology/technician ............................ 42 40 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Diesel mechanics technology/technician....................................................... 19 19000000 0

 Airframe mechanics and aircraft maintenance technology/technician........... 50 42800000 0

 Aircraft powerplant technology/technician ..................................................... 22 21100000 0

 Avionics maintenance technology/technician ................................................ 69 64500000 0

 Vehicle maintenance and repair, other .......................................................... 11000000 0

 Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians, other.................................... 00000000 0

English language and literature/letters ................................................................ 55,462 17,973 37,489 9,261 3,001 6,260 1,271 464 807

 English language and literature, general ........................................................... 42,279 13,334 28,945 5,342 1,706 3,636 1,087 390 697

 English composition........................................................................................... 447 167 280 83 22 61 10 1 9

 Creative writing.................................................................................................. 2,339 917 1,422 2,740 977 1,763 10 6 4

 American literature (United States) ................................................................... 89 30 59 26 4 22 0 0 0

 English literature (British and Commonwealth) ................................................. 660 210 450 155 45 110 10 5 5

 Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................................... 8,222 2,836 5,386 500 129 371 101 42 59

 Technical and business writing .......................................................................... 481 175 306 232 61 171 17 8 9

 English language and literature/letters, other .................................................... 945 304 641 183 57 126 36 12 24

Family and consumer sciences/human sciences ................................................ 21,905 2,754 19,151 2,453 366 2,087 333 66 267

 Work and family studies..................................................................................... 20200000 0

 Family and consumer sciences/human sciences, general................................. 4,387 427 3,960 470 67 403 48 13 35

 Business family and consumer sciences/human sciences ................................ 223 90 133 16 7 9 3 0 3

 Family and consumer sciences/human sciences communication ..................... 30 0 3000000 0

 Consumer merchandising/retailing management .............................................. 106 6 10030310 1

 Family and consumer sciences/human sciences business serv., other............. 00000000 0

 Family resource management studies, general................................................. 722 329 393 75 28 47 8 0 8

 Consumer economics........................................................................................ 403 137 26630300 0

 Consumer services and advocacy..................................................................... 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Family and consumer economics and related services, other........................... 287 15 27250550 5

 Foods, nutrition, and wellness studies, general................................................. 2,381 418 1,963 502 70 432 38 9 29

 Human nutrition ................................................................................................. 363 58 305 173 30 143 14 5 9

 Food service systems administration/management........................................... 590 277 31320200 0

 Foods, nutrition, and related services, other...................................................... 25 2 23 24 0 24 0 0 0

 Housing and human environments, general ...................................................... 367 64 303 16 2 14 2 0 2

 Facilities planning and management ................................................................. 35 32377000 0

 Housing and human environments, other.......................................................... 32 0 3200000 0

 Human development and family studies, general .............................................. 6,073 513 5,560 547 99 448 95 14 81

 Adult development and aging ............................................................................ 21 1 20 36 5 31 0 0 0

 Family systems .................................................................................................. 461 49 412 28 10 18 26 13 13

 Child development ............................................................................................. 1,359 55 1,304 145 5 140 48 7 41

 Family and community services......................................................................... 839 85 754 195 16 179 7 0 7

 Child care and support services management.................................................. 247 7 240 40 0 40 0 0 0

 Child care provider/assistant ............................................................................. 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Human development, family studies, and related services, other...................... 211 9 202 36 5 31 12 2 10

 Apparel and textiles, general ............................................................................. 2,410 160 2,250 74 7 67 12 2 10

 Apparel and textile manufacture ........................................................................ 48 8 4000000 0

 Textile science ................................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2

 Apparel and textile marketing management ...................................................... 260 10 250 24 3 21 4 0 4

 Fashion and fabric consultant............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Apparel and textiles, other ................................................................................. 10100000 0

 Family and consumer sciences/human sciences, other .................................... 17 2 15 32 5 27 8 1 7

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
424 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics..................................................... 21,158 6,302 14,856 3,592 1,211 2,381 1,111 426 685

 Foreign languages and literatures, general ....................................................... 1,544 450 1,094 211 62 149 28 10 18

 Linguistics.......................................................................................................... 1,392 483 909 682 200 482 229 84 145

 Language interpretation and translation............................................................ 44 20 24 103 28 75 0 0 0

 Comparative literature ....................................................................................... 800 227 573 172 68 104 143 49 94

 Linguistic/comparative/related language studies and serv., other ..................... 86 20 66 31 15 16 11 4 7

 African languages, literatures, and linguistics.................................................... 30353211 0

 East Asian languages, literatures, and linguistics, general................................ 128 69 59 76 34 42 28 11 17

 Chinese language and literature........................................................................ 384 199 185 45 7 38 11 4 7

 Japanese language and literature ..................................................................... 571 286 285 23 8 15 8 1 7

 Korean language and literature ......................................................................... 24 12 1221111 0

 East Asian languages, literatures, and linguistics, other ................................... 131 68 63 31 14 17 10 2 8

 Slavic languages, literatures, and linguistics, general ....................................... 57 24 33 45 13 32 26 11 15

 Russian language and literature........................................................................ 325 146 179 21 4 17 1 0 1

 Czech language and literature........................................................................... 00000000 0

 Polish language and literature ........................................................................... 11000000 0

 Slavic/Baltic/Albanian languages, lit., and linguistics, other .............................. 00021110 1

 Germanic languages, literatures, and linguistics, general ................................. 101 52 49 36 15 21 16 4 12

 German language and literature........................................................................ 1,058 479 579 163 56 107 47 20 27

 Scandinavian languages, literatures, and linguistics ......................................... 61521130 3

 Danish language and literature.......................................................................... 42200000 0

 Dutch/Flemish language and literature.............................................................. 00000000 0

 Norwegian language and literature.................................................................... 64200000 0

 Swedish language and literature ....................................................................... 21100000 0

 Finnish and related language, literature, and linguistics.................................... 10100000 0

 Germanic languages, literatures, and linguistics, other ..................................... 00000000 0

 Modern Greek language and literature.............................................................. 50500000 0

 South Asian languages, literatures, and linguistics, general.............................. 33022043 1

 Sanskrit and classical Indian languages, lit., and linguistics ............................. 10110122 0

 Iranian and Persian languages, lit., and linguistics............................................ 10100000 0

 Romance languages, literatures, and linguistics, general.................................. 146 27 119 71 24 47 40 15 25

 French language and literature.......................................................................... 2,450 513 1,937 386 95 291 86 26 60

 Italian language and literature ........................................................................... 341 81 260 76 17 59 34 12 22

 Portuguese language and literature................................................................... 43 19 2484432 1

 Spanish language and literature........................................................................ 9,331 2,286 7,045 878 267 611 218 84 134

 Romanian language and literature .................................................................... 00000000 0

 Romance languages, literatures, and linguistics, other ..................................... 67 18 49 66 27 39 30 13 17

 American Indian/Native American languages, literatures, and linguistics ......... 00031210 1

 Turkish language and literature.......................................................................... 11000000 0

 Semitic languages, literatures, and linguistics, general ..................................... 21174397 2

 Arabic language and literature........................................................................... 85 46 39 147710 1

 Hebrew language and literature......................................................................... 65 22 43 41 24 17 3 1 2

 Ancient Near Eastern and biblical languages, lit., and linguistics...................... 37 24 13 29 20 9 4 4 0

 Middle/Near Eastern and Semitic languages, lit., and ling., other ..................... 96 43 53 70 44 26 20 10 10

 Classics and classical languages, lit., and linguistics, general .......................... 1,152 507 645 230 113 117 77 38 39

 Ancient/classical Greek language and literature ............................................... 33 17 1611000 0

 Latin language and literature ............................................................................. 84 27 5774300 0

 Classics and classical languages, lit., and linguistics, other.............................. 21 11 10 24 16 8 2 2 0

 Celtic languages, literatures, and linguistics...................................................... 42200010 1

 Filipino/Tagalog language and literature ............................................................ 74300000 0

 American sign language (ASL).......................................................................... 58 5 5300000 0

 Linguistics of ASL and other sign languages..................................................... 00000000 0

 Sign language interpretation and translation..................................................... 211 17 194 12 2 10 0 0 0

 American sign language, other.......................................................................... 00011000 0

 Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics, other......................................... 246 84 162 15 8 7 12 5 7

Health professions and related clinical sciences ................................................. 120,488 17,792 102,696 62,620 11,869 50,751 12,112 3,191 8,921

 Health services/allied health/health sciences, general ...................................... 4,390 1,154 3,236 584 219 365 26 10 16

 Communication disorders, general .................................................................... 2,521 118 2,403 1,350 58 1,292 34 3 31

 Audiology/audiologist and hearing sciences...................................................... 178 11 167 72 10 62 1,242 173 1,069

 Speech-language pathology/pathologist ........................................................... 898 34 864 2,090 66 2,024 24 4 20

 Audiology/audiologist and speech-language pathology/pathologist .................. 3,846 153 3,693 2,428 74 2,354 161 23 138

 Communication disorders sciences and services, other ................................... 82 0 82 65 1 64 7 2 5

 Dental clinical sciences, general........................................................................ 0 0 0 262 166 96 16 3 13

 Advanced general dentistry ............................................................................... 0 0 0 10 5 5 6 1 5

 Oral biology and oral pathology......................................................................... 0 0 0 63 38 25 19 10 9

 Dental public health and education.................................................................... 00093600 0

 Dental materials (M.S., Ph.D.) ........................................................................... 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

 Endodontics/endodontology .............................................................................. 0 0 0 21 14 7 0 0 0

 Oral/maxillofacial surgery .................................................................................. 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 1

 Orthodontics/orthodontology ............................................................................. 0 0 0 79 45 34 0 0 0

 Pediatric dentistry/pedodontics.......................................................................... 0 0 0 27 10 17 0 0 0

 Periodontics/periodontology .............................................................................. 0 0 0 36 24 12 0 0 0

 Prosthodontics/prosthodontology ...................................................................... 0 0 0 28 17 11 0 0 0

 Advanced/graduate dentistry and oral sciences, other...................................... 0 0 0 35 17 18 10 5 5

 Dental assisting/assistant .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Dental hygiene/hygienist.................................................................................... 1,737 57 1,680 37 0 37 00 0

 Dental laboratory technology/technician............................................................ 11 6510100 0

 Dental services and allied professions, other .................................................... 31 1 3000000 0

 Health/health care administration/management ................................................ 4,126 945 3,181 5,294 1,560 3,734 137 52 85

 Hospital and health care facilities administration/management......................... 1,542 237 1,305 663 216 447 0 0 0

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 425

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Health unit coordinator/ward clerk ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Health unit manager/ward supervisor................................................................ 10143100 0

 Medical office management/administration ....................................................... 20200000 0

 Health information/medical records administration/administrator...................... 775 115 660 57 11 46 0 0 0

 Health information/medical records technology/technician ............................... 61 9 5200000 0

 Medical office assistant/specialist...................................................................... 13 2 11 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Medical/health management and clinical assistant/specialist............................ 68 9 5900000 0

 Health/medical claims examiner........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Medical administrative/executive assistant and medical secretary.................... 00000000 0

 Medical staff services technology/technician..................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Health and medical administrative services, other ............................................ 459 79 380 399 90 309 11 3 8

 Medical/clinical assistant ................................................................................... 9 0 9 0 0 0 1 1 0

 Clinical/medical laboratory assistant ................................................................. 11 5600000 0

 Occupational therapist assistant........................................................................ 10100000 0

 Pharmacy technician/assistant.......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Physical therapist assistant ............................................................................... 5 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Veterinary/animal health technology/technician and vet. assistant.................... 219 17 20220200 0

 Anesthesiologist assistant ................................................................................. 0 0 0 101 51 50 0 0 0

 Pathology/pathologist assistant ......................................................................... 9 2 7 9 1 8 0 0 0

 Respiratory therapy technician/assistant........................................................... 6 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Allied health and medical assisting services, other ........................................... 215 48 167 72 23 49 0 0 0

 Cardiovascular technology/technologist ............................................................ 47 12 3500000 0

 Electrocardiograph technology/technician......................................................... 00000000 0

 Electroneurodiagnostic/electroencephalographic tech./technologist................. 00000000 0

 Emergency medical technology/technician (EMT paramedic)........................... 107 79 28 20 16 4 0 0 0

 Nuclear medical technology/technologist .......................................................... 356 143 21300000 0

 Perfusion technology/perfusionist...................................................................... 5 4 1 25 10 15 0 0 0

 Medical radiologic technology/science radiation therapist................................. 1,222 349 87395400 0

 Respiratory care therapy/therapist..................................................................... 770 188 582 10 3 7 0 0 0

 Surgical technology/technologist ....................................................................... 40400000 0

 Diagnostic medical sonography/sonographer and ultrasound technician.......... 416 70 34600000 0

 Radiologic technology/science radiographer ..................................................... 841 224 617 27 6 21 1 0 1

 Physician assistant ............................................................................................ 838 247 591 3,975 974 3,001 7 7 0

 Athletic training/trainer....................................................................................... 2,664 1,070 1,594 276 108 168 0 0 0

 Gene/genetic therapy ........................................................................................ 22 5 1700000 0

 Radiation protection/health physics technician.................................................. 11 5 6 21 12 9 0 0 0

 Allied health diagnostic/intervention/treatment professions, other..................... 268 94 174 25 12 13 0 0 0

 Cytotechnology/cytotechnologist ....................................................................... 68 27 41 117400 0

 Hematology technology/technician.................................................................... 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0

 Clinical/medical laboratory technician ............................................................... 38 15 2320200 0

 Clinical laboratory science/medical technology/technologist............................. 2,410 680 1,730 159 47 112 0 0 0

 Histologic technology/histotechnologist............................................................. 10100000 0

 Cytogenetics/genetics/clinical genetics technology/technologist....................... 37 16 2100000 0

 Clinical/medical laboratory science and allied professions, other...................... 104 40 64 162 61 101 12 3 9

 Pre-dentistry studies.......................................................................................... 52 20 32 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Pre-medicine/pre-medical studies ..................................................................... 646 307 339 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Pre-pharmacy studies........................................................................................ 121 42 79 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Pre-veterinary studies........................................................................................ 131 16 115 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Pre-nursing studies............................................................................................ 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Health/medical preparatory programs, other ..................................................... 636 181 455 38 16 22 0 0 0

 Medical scientist (M.S., Ph.D.)........................................................................... 0 0 0 303 133 170 48 21 27

 Substance abuse/addiction counseling ............................................................. 188 45 143 170 51 119 0 0 0

 Psychiatric/mental health services technician ................................................... 90 13 7791800 0

 Clinical/medical social work............................................................................... 113 13 100 259 32 227 6 2 4

 Community health services/liaison/counseling.................................................. 861 161 700 235 42 193 2 0 2

 Marriage and family therapy/counseling ............................................................ 3 2 1 1,829 306 1,523 89 22 67

 Clinical pastoral counseling/patient counseling ................................................. 6 4 2 113 35 78 7 2 5

 Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy................................................................... 00063310 1

 Mental health counseling/counselor .................................................................. 12 4 8 1,299 213 1,086 10 3 7

 Genetic counseling/counselor ........................................................................... 0 0 0 105 7 98 0 0 0

 Mental and social health services and allied professions, other........................ 366 37 329 293 27 266 16 5 11

 Nursing/registered nurse training (RN, ASN, BSN, MSN) ................................. 68,883 7,478 61,405 9,049 773 8,276 383 36 347

 Nursing administration....................................................................................... 170 26 144 1,583 143 1,440 28 4 24

 Adult health nurse/nursing................................................................................. 40 4 36 501 40 461 0 0 0

 Nurse anesthetist............................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,544 612 93263 3

 Family practice nurse/nurse practitioner ............................................................ 4 0 4 1,796 166 1,630 6 0 6

 Maternal/child health and neonatal nurse/nursing............................................. 0 0 0 191 8 183 0 0 0

 Nurse midwife/nursing midwifery ....................................................................... 0 0 0 93 1 92 0 0 0

 Nursing science ................................................................................................. 680 76 604 2,126 163 1,963 436 26 410

 Pediatric nurse/nursing ...................................................................................... 0 0 0 186 7 179 1 0 1

 Psychiatric/mental health nurse/nursing............................................................ 0 0 0 95 18 77 0 0 0

 Public health/community nurse/nursing ............................................................. 2 0 2 123 3 120 1 0 1

 Perioperative/operating room and surgical nurse/nursing ................................. 0 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 0

 Licensed practical/voc. nurse training (LPN, LVN, AAS).................................... 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Nurse/nursing assistant/aide and patient care assist. ....................................... 17 1 16 2 0 2 0 0 0

 Clinical nurse specialist ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 254 26 228 0 0 0

 Critical care nursing........................................................................................... 49 0 49 145 12 133 00 0

 Occupational and environmental health nursing................................................ 00000020 2

 Nursing, other .................................................................................................... 1,767 181 1,586 2,525 212 2,313 303 34 269

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
426 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Opthalmic technician/technologist ..................................................................... 3 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0

 Ophthalmic/optometric support services/allied professions, other .................... 20 10 10 22 9 13 0 0 0

 Pharmacy (PharmD, BS/BPharm) ..................................................................... 242 102 140 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Pharmacy admin. and pharmacy policy and regulatory affairs.......................... 0 0 0 207 104 103 31 16 15

 Pharmaceutics and drug design........................................................................ 178 75 103 123 56 67 194 105 89

 Medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry .......................................................... 8 4 4 27 12 15 79 43 36

 Natural products chemistry and pharmacognosy .............................................. 0 0 0 6 1 5 11 4 7

 Clinical and industrial drug development (M.S., Ph.D.)...................................... 34 7 27 174 59 115 0 0 0

 Pharmacoeconomics/pharmaceutical economics ............................................. 0 0 0 113832 1

 Clinical, hospital, and managed care pharmacy................................................ 00033000 0

 Industrial and physical pharmacy and cosmetic sciences ................................. 00000000 0

 Pharmacy, pharmaceutical sciences, and administration, other........................ 264 101 163 353 181 172 156 66 90

 Public health, general ........................................................................................ 523 86 437 4,952 1,432 3,520 149 43 106

 Environmental health......................................................................................... 239 116 123 365 162 203 59 23 36

 Health/medical physics...................................................................................... 26 16 10 109 72 37 16 10 6

 Occupational health and industrial hygiene....................................................... 46 24 22 63 35 28 8 3 5

 Public health education and promotion.............................................................. 1,330 252 1,078 536 84 452 65 15 50

 Community health and preventive medicine ...................................................... 657 118 539 278 61 217 26 11 15

 Maternal and child health .................................................................................. 8 0 8 93 7 86 14 0 14

 International public health/international health .................................................. 28 14 14 251 46 205 0 0 0

 Health services administration........................................................................... 383 65 318 722 218 504 13 5 8

 Public health, other............................................................................................ 431 131 300 779 213 566 119 37 82

 Art therapy/therapist .......................................................................................... 100 9 91 296 10 286 00 0

 Dance therapy/therapist..................................................................................... 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0

 Music therapy/therapist...................................................................................... 220 28 192 49 4 45 2 1 1

 Occupational therapy/therapist .......................................................................... 817 60 757 3,845 369 3,476 185 23 162

 Orthotist/prosthetist ........................................................................................... 36 17 19 21 10 11 0 0 0

 Physical therapy/therapist.................................................................................. 550 147 403 1,360 402 958 7,192 2,086 5,106

 Therapeutic recreation/recreational therapy ...................................................... 453 84 369 16 1 15 6 1 5

 Vocational rehabilitation counseling/counselor .................................................. 316 57 259 855 198 657 14 5 9

 Kinesiotherapy/kinesiotherapist ......................................................................... 49 15 34 10 3 7 0 0 0

 Assistive/augmentative technology and rehabilitation engineering ................... 00000021 1

 Rehabilitation and therapeutic professions, other.............................................. 676 158 518 418 85 333 42 14 28

 Veterinary sciences/veterinary clinical sciences, general.................................. 36 12 24 194 67 127 266 85 181

 Veterinary anatomy............................................................................................ 00000010 1

 Veterinary physiology......................................................................................... 0 0 0 4 2 2 5 2 3

 Veterinary microbiology and immunobiology ..................................................... 0 0 0 2 1 1 4 1 3

 Veterinary pathology and pathobiology ............................................................. 00032153 2

 Veterinary toxicology and pharmacology (M.S., Ph.D.) ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

 Large animal/food animal/equine surgery and medicine ................................... 00021121 1

 Small/companion animal surgery and medicine................................................ 00010100 0

 Comparative and laboratory animal medicine ................................................... 0 0 0 26 4 22 0 0 0

 Veterinary preventive medicine epidemiology/public health .............................. 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0

 Veterinary infectious diseases ........................................................................... 0 0 0 7 4 3 3 1 2

 Veterinary biomedical and clinical sciences, other ............................................ 00010100 0

 Health aide ........................................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Medical illustration/medical illustrator ................................................................ 37 6 31 33 10 23 0 0 0

 Medical informatics............................................................................................ 9 5 4 88 47 41 23 15 8

 Dietetics/dietitian (RD)....................................................................................... 2,354 212 2,142 257 22 235 6 0 6

 Clinical nutrition/nutritionist................................................................................ 76 17 59 111 13 98 5 0 5

 Dietetics/human nutritional services.................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Dietetics and clinical nutrition services, other.................................................... 54 3 51 15 1 14 0 0 0

 Bioethics/medical ethics .................................................................................... 2 1 1 137 52 85 17 7 10

 Acupuncture ...................................................................................................... 42 13 29 1,183 380 803 34 13 21

 Traditional Chinese/Asian medicine and Chinese herbology............................. 14 3 11 589 189 400 5 2 3

 Naturopathic medicine/naturopathy (ND) .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 164 30 134

 Ayurvedic medicine/ayurveda............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Acupuncture and oriental medicine ................................................................... 00000000 0

 Alternative and complementary medicine and medical systems, other............. 90 12 78 13 0 13 0 0 0

 Direct entry midwifery (LM, CPM)...................................................................... 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Alternative and complementary medical support services, other...................... 28 5 2300000 0

 Massage therapy/therapeutic massage............................................................. 31200000 0

 Asian bodywork therapy .................................................................................... 4 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Movement therapy and movement education.................................................... 19 6 1390931 2

 Movement and mind-body therapies and education, other................................ 30300000 0

 Herbalism/herbalist............................................................................................ 13 3 10 8 0 8 0 0 0

 Health professions and related clinical sciences, other ..................................... 3,772 911 2,861 558 191 367 122 57 65

Legal professions and studies ............................................................................. 3,822 1,037 2,785 5,150 2,683 2,467 259 138 121

 Legal studies, general........................................................................................ 1,376 467 909 124 55 69 0 0 0

 Pre-law studies .................................................................................................. 264 125 139 0 0 0 00 0

 Advanced legal research/studies, general (M.C.L., M.L.I., M.S.L.)2 .................. 75 32 43 752 407 345 115 63 52

 Programs for foreign lawyers (LL.M., M.C.L.) .................................................... 0 0 0 795 448 347 0 0 0

 American/U.S. law/legal studies/jurisprudence (M.C.J.)2................................... 43 15 28 295 138 157 80 38 42

 Banking, corporate, finance, and securities law2 ............................................... 0 0 0 108 66 42 0 0 0

 Comparative law (LL.M., M.C.L., J.S.D./S.J.D.).................................................. 0 0 0 46 23 23 0 0 0

 Energy, environment, and natural resources law (M.S.)2 ................................... 0 0 0 51 29 22 4 4 0

 Health law (LL.M., M.J., J.S.D./S.J.D.) ............................................................... 0 0 0 79 21 58 0 0 0

 International law and legal studies2 ................................................................... 0 0 0 204 99 105 16 7 9

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 427

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 International business, trade, and tax law2 ........................................................ 0 0 0 37 26 11 0 0 0

 Tax law/taxation2 ................................................................................................ 0 0 0 475 274 201 17 11 6

 Legal research and advanced professional studies, other................................. 0 0 0 899 495 404 8 5 3

 Legal administrative assistant/secretary............................................................ 20200000 0

 Legal assistant/paralegal................................................................................... 1,646 268 1,378 57 18 39 0 0 0

 Court reporting/court reporter ........................................................................... 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Legal support services, other ............................................................................ 00011000 0

 Legal professions and studies, other ................................................................. 412 130 282 1,227 583 644 19 10 9

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities ................................. 47,096 16,616 30,480 3,728 1,439 2,289 67 34 33

 Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies............................................................ 28,597 9,201 19,396 2,191 840 1,351 10 5 5

 General studies ................................................................................................. 13,050 5,299 7,751 112 26 86 0 0 0

 Humanities/humanistic studies .......................................................................... 2,434 890 1,544 590 203 387 53 29 24

 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities, other..................... 3,015 1,226 1,789 835 370 465 4 0 4

Library science .................................................................................................... 78 8 70 7,091 1,344 5,747 35 14 21

 Library science/librarianship.............................................................................. 78 8 70 6,952 1,320 5,632 34 14 20

 Library science, other ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 139 24 115 1 0 1

Mathematics and statistics .................................................................................. 15,496 8,793 6,703 5,211 3,064 2,147 1,535 1,059 476

 Mathematics, general ........................................................................................ 13,415 7,447 5,968 2,635 1,604 1,031 938 689 249

 Analysis and functional analysis........................................................................ 00055000 0

 Mathematics, other ............................................................................................ 168 98 70 16 7 9 0 0 0

 Applied mathematics ......................................................................................... 1,047 694 353 627 408 219 200 130 70

 Computational mathematics .............................................................................. 63 49 14 38 29 9 22 20 2

 Applied mathematics, other ............................................................................... 126 88 38 177 131 46 9 8 1

 Statistics, general .............................................................................................. 545 341 204 1,501 738 763 342 198 144

 Mathematical statistics and probability .............................................................. 3 2 1 103 71 32 4 2 2

 Statistics, other .................................................................................................. 26 12 14 3 2 1 9 5 4

 Mathematics and statistics, other ...................................................................... 103 62 41 106 69 37 11 7 4

Military technologies............................................................................................ 55 54132100 0

 Military technologies.......................................................................................... 55 54132100 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies............................................................................... 37,444 11,857 25,587 5,344 1,946 3,398 1,273 572 701

 Biological and physical sciences ....................................................................... 1,821 834 987 247 95 152 55 34 21

 Peace studies and conflict resolution ................................................................ 307 106 201 490 178 312 15 7 8

 Systems science and theory.............................................................................. 96 80 16 173 92 81 18 12 6

 Mathematics and computer science .................................................................. 139 116 23 39 28 11 21 16 5

 Biopsychology ................................................................................................... 70 11 59 0 0 0 4 2 2

 Gerontology ....................................................................................................... 205 33 172 272 40 232 21 1 20

 Historic preservation and conservation ............................................................. 109 29 80 169 37 132 1 1 0

 Cultural resource management and policy analysis .......................................... 1 0 1 32 5 27 0 0 0

 Historic preservation and conservation, other ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Medieval and renaissance studies..................................................................... 46 13 33 22 11 11 9 4 5

 Museology/museum studies .............................................................................. 17 5 12 237 23 214 0 0 0

 Science, technology and society ....................................................................... 387 210 177 111 47 64 20 9 11

 Accounting and computer science..................................................................... 75221100 0

 Behavioral sciences........................................................................................... 1,990 317 1,673 114 31 83 20 4 16

 Natural sciences ................................................................................................ 404 144 260 123 49 74 3 3 0

 Nutrition sciences .............................................................................................. 1,120 185 935 560 91 469 132 36 96

 International/global studies................................................................................ 3,550 1,350 2,200 431 262 169 0 0 0

 Holocaust and related studies ........................................................................... 0 0 0 104600 0

 Ancient studies/civilization................................................................................. 137 62 75 6 3 3 3 2 1

 Classical, ancient Mediterranean/Near Eastern studies/archaeology ............... 123 43 8063372 5

 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies .................................................. 106 35 71 72 22 50 1 1 0

 Neuroscience..................................................................................................... 2,069 780 1,289 119 50 69 542 257 285

 Cognitive science............................................................................................... 390 216 174 40 21 19 20 7 13

 Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other................................................................... 24,350 7,283 17,067 2,069 853 1,216 381 174 207

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ..................................................... 31,667 16,666 15,001 4,822 2,605 2,217 285 151 134

 Parks, recreation and leisure studies................................................................. 2,704 1,317 1,387 261 128 133 28 12 16

 Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ......................................... 2,946 1,546 1,400 287 142 145 21 10 11

 Health and physical education, general............................................................. 9,645 5,075 4,570 1,301 674 627 39 20 19

 Sport and fitness administration/management .................................................. 5,559 3,988 1,571 1,685 1,017 668 16 10 6

 Kinesiology and exercise science...................................................................... 9,624 4,174 5,450 1,149 585 564 156 89 67

 Health and physical education/fitness, other ..................................................... 1,027 475 552 111 48 63 20 8 12

 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, other ......................................... 162 91 71 28 11 17 5 2 3

Philosophy and religious studies ......................................................................... 12,444 7,761 4,683 1,859 1,178 681 686 472 214

 Philosophy ......................................................................................................... 7,280 5,044 2,236 853 634 219 398 280 118

 Logic .................................................................................................................. 11066076 1

 Ethics................................................................................................................. 32 20 12 84 42 42 0 0 0

 Philosophy, other ............................................................................................... 124 74 50 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Religion/religious studies................................................................................... 4,122 2,130 1,992 584 314 270 229 156 73

 Buddhist studies ................................................................................................ 00022000 0

 Christian studies................................................................................................ 215 130 85 106 62 44 0 0 0

 Islamic studies ................................................................................................... 11 7 4 6 2 4 1 1 0

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
428 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

 Jewish/Judaic studies ........................................................................................ 200 73 127 78 28 50 10 5 5

 Religion/religious studies, other......................................................................... 51 29 22 20 12 8 3 2 1

 Philosophy and religious studies, other ............................................................. 408 253 155 120 76 44 38 22 16

Physical sciences and science technologies ....................................................... 22,466 13,299 9,167 5,658 3,433 2,225 5,048 3,416 1,632

 Physical sciences .............................................................................................. 22,153 13,151 9,002 5,628 3,410 2,218 5,044 3,415 1,629

 Physical sciences ............................................................................................ 301 160 141 34 23 11 17 13 4

 Astronomy ....................................................................................................... 182 99 83 89 52 37 96 59 37

 Astrophysics .................................................................................................... 130 78 52 37 23 14 25 15 10

 Planetary astronomy and science ................................................................... 10155085 3

 Astronomy and astrophysics, other.................................................................. 22 12 10 8 2 6 14 10 4

 Atmospheric physics and dynamics................................................................. 538 363 175 188 112 76 92 65 27

 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology, general ............................................ 77000000 0

 Meteorology..................................................................................................... 164 109 55 37 22 15 15 10 5

 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology, other................................................ 12 7500032 1

 Chemistry, general........................................................................................... 11,373 5,723 5,650 2,003 1,071 932 2,442 1,501 941

 Analytical chemistry......................................................................................... 6 2 4 31 17 14 12 6 6

 Inorganic chemistry ......................................................................................... 00000032 1

 Organic chemistry............................................................................................ 00010164 2

 Physical and theoretical chemistry .................................................................. 33000011 0

 Polymer chemistry ........................................................................................... 2 1 1 14 7 7 25 18 7

 Chemical physics............................................................................................. 15 10 5 4 1 3 15 12 3

 Chemistry, other............................................................................................... 452 206 246 32 18 14 52 32 20

 Geology/earth science, general....................................................................... 3,257 1,973 1,284 1,015 545 470 396 243 153

 Geochemistry .................................................................................................. 10 6 4 13 6 7 3 3 0

 Geophysics and seismology ............................................................................ 86 53 33 77 45 32 50 34 16

 Paleontology .................................................................................................... 0 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0

 Hydrology and water resources science.......................................................... 18 9 9 46 28 18 3 1 2

 Oceanography, chemical and physical............................................................. 142 79 63 130 56 74 111 51 60

 Geological and earth sciences/geosciences, other ......................................... 296 162 134 67 31 36 51 27 24

 Physics, general .............................................................................................. 4,550 3,684 866 1,447 1,130 317 1,408 1,143 265

 Atomic/molecular physics ................................................................................ 23 17 6 14 10 4 5 5 0

 Elementary particle physics............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Nuclear physics ............................................................................................... 0 0 0 5 3 2 8 5 3

 Optics/optical sciences .................................................................................... 43 38 5 71 56 15 49 41 8

 Solid state and low-temperature physics ......................................................... 00000000 0

 Acoustics ......................................................................................................... 14 13 1 13 11 265 1

 Theoretical and mathematical physics............................................................. 11 7400000 0

 Physics, other .................................................................................................. 181 146 35 103 72 31 104 88 16

 Physical sciences, other .................................................................................. 314 184 130 140 62 78 24 14 10

 Science technologies/technicians...................................................................... 313 148 165 30 23 7 4 1 3

 Biology technician/biotechnology laboratory technician .................................. 12 4800041 3

 Nuclear/nuclear power technology/technician ................................................. 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 0 0

 Chemical technology/technician ...................................................................... 16 6 1000000 0

 Physical science technologies/technicians, other............................................ 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Science technologies/technicians, other.......................................................... 282 135 147 28 22 6 0 0 0

Precision production ............................................................................................ 29 19 10 105500 0

 Tool and die technology/technician.................................................................... 00000000 0

 Welding technology/welder................................................................................ 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Furniture design and manufacturing.................................................................. 21 11 10 105500 0

 Precision production, other................................................................................ 00000000 0

Psychology .......................................................................................................... 94,271 21,488 72,783 23,415 4,789 18,626 5,477 1,478 3,999

 Psychology, general........................................................................................... 89,240 20,432 68,808 6,242 1,541 4,701 1,611 526 1,085

 Clinical psychology ............................................................................................ 138 24 114 2,564 490 2,074 2,305 538 1,767

 Cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics...................................................... 66 25 41 16 1 15 3 3 0

 Community psychology ..................................................................................... 393 61 332 325 48 277 7 1 6

 Comparative psychology ................................................................................... 0 0 0 5 3 2 0 0 0

 Counseling psychology...................................................................................... 422 62 360 8,515 1,528 6,987 352 94 258

 Developmental and child psychology ................................................................ 609 70 539 93 13 80 33 2 31

 Experimental psychology................................................................................... 274 68 206 71 27 44 66 21 45

 Industrial and organizational psychology........................................................... 251 79 172 946 295 651 114 39 75

 Personality psychology ...................................................................................... 21 1 20 6 0 6 0 0 0

 Physiological psychology/psychobiology ........................................................... 813 258 555 6 4 2 23 5 18

 Social psychology.............................................................................................. 936 193 743 71 13 58 45 15 30

 School psychology............................................................................................. 0 0 0 1,703 248 1,455 257 53 204

 Educational psychology..................................................................................... 155 21 134 1,261 220 1,041 423 118 305

 Psychometrics and quantitative psychology...................................................... 11020283 5

 Clinical child psychology.................................................................................... 0 0 0 12 4 8 17 3 14

 Environmental psychology................................................................................. 12 9 3 5 3 2 5 3 2

 Geropsychology................................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Health/medical psychology................................................................................ 20 1 19 25 6 19 14 3 11

 Psychopharmacology ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 80 38 42 0 0 0

 Family psychology ............................................................................................. 3 0 3 7 4 3 5 2 3

 Forensic psychology.......................................................................................... 423 96 327 495 86 409 19 4 15

 Psychology, other .............................................................................................. 494 87 407 965 217 748 170 45 125

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 429

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Public administration and social service professions........................................... 23,851 4,374 19,477 33,933 8,346 25,587 812 306 506

 Human services, general................................................................................... 3,516 534 2,982 835 237 805 42 8 18

 Community organization and advocacy............................................................. 1,933 419 1,514 574 184 351 9 0 1

 Public administration.......................................................................................... 2,548 1,383 1,165 9,669 4,181 5,721 171 94 102

 Public policy analysis......................................................................................... 994 426 568 2,163 979 1,222 153 106 98

 Social work ........................................................................................................ 14,634 1,554 13,080 18,692 2,361 16,716 344 80 265

 Youth services/administration ............................................................................ 6 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0

 Social work, other .............................................................................................. 14 2 12 76 24 126 0 0 0

 Public administration and social service professions, other .............................. 206 53 153 1,019 380 646 41 18 22

Security and protective services.......................................................................... 41,800 21,073 20,727 6,128 2,829 3,299 97 46 51

 Corrections ........................................................................................................ 475 190 285 103700 0

 Criminal justice/law enforcement administration................................................ 13,224 6,620 6,604 1,846 826 1,020 19 7 12

 Criminal justice/safety studies ........................................................................... 22,137 11,012 11,125 2,024 872 1,152 75 36 39

 Forensic science and technology ...................................................................... 795 169 626 552 140 412 0 0 0

 Criminal justice/police science........................................................................... 1,529 899 630 28 10 18 1 1 0

 Security and loss prevention services ............................................................... 176 140 36 52 37 15 0 0 0

 Juvenile corrections ........................................................................................... 4 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Criminalistics and criminal science.................................................................... 150 28 122 156900 0

 Securities services administration/management ............................................... 90 80 10 739 312 427 0 0 0

 Corrections administration................................................................................. 61 31 30 9 3 6 0 0 0

 Corrections and criminal justice, other .............................................................. 2,059 999 1,060 278 163 115 2 2 0

 Fire protection and safety technology/technician............................................... 191 168 2365100 0

 Fire services administration............................................................................... 321 312 9 13 13 0 0 0 0

 Fire science/firefighting...................................................................................... 159 148 11 58 58 0 0 0 0

 Fire protection, other ......................................................................................... 63 52 11 44 34 10 0 0 0

 Security and protective services, other.............................................................. 366 224 142 454 347 107 0 0 0

Social sciences and history ................................................................................. 168,500 85,197 83,303 19,240 9,605 9,635 4,234 2,353 1,881

 Social sciences.................................................................................................. 133,789 64,757 69,032 15,698 7,593 8,105 3,316 1,816 1,500

 Social sciences, general.................................................................................. 8,593 3,199 5,394 595 228 367 21 18 3

 Anthropology ................................................................................................... 8,845 2,647 6,198 1,207 394 813 518 211 307

 Physical anthropology...................................................................................... 6 0 6 5 1 4 0 0 0

 Anthropology, other.......................................................................................... 55 9 46 0 0 0 2 0 2

 Archeology....................................................................................................... 226 63 163 36 15 21 7 1 6

 Criminology...................................................................................................... 5,402 2,689 2,713 449 173 276 40 16 24

 Demography and population studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 17 7 10 7 6 1

 Economics, general ......................................................................................... 25,189 17,756 7,433 2,553 1,582 971 983 651 332

 Applied economics .......................................................................................... 147 95 52 147 101 46 19 10 9

 Econometrics and quantitative economics ...................................................... 160 130 3011000 0

 Development economics and international development ................................ 275 91 184 307 121 186 4 1 3

 International economics................................................................................... 137 67 70 177 94 83 6 3 3

 Economics, other............................................................................................. 391 235 156 48 23 2532 1

 Geography ....................................................................................................... 4,477 2,951 1,526 892 528 364 219 139 80

 Cartography..................................................................................................... 118 95 23 46 30 16 1 1 0

 Geography, other ............................................................................................. 150 73 77 32 21 11 2 0 2

 International relations and affairs .................................................................... 8,681 3,354 5,327 4,126 1,991 2,135 69 37 32

 Political science and government, general ...................................................... 38,394 20,947 17,447 2,051 1,122 929 706 434 272

 American government and politics (United States) ......................................... 141 76 65 93 44 49 0 0 0

 Canadian government and politics .................................................................. 00000000 0

 Political science and government, other .......................................................... 663 331 332 27 10 17 3 1 2

 Sociology ......................................................................................................... 28,732 8,668 20,064 1,580 529 1,051 628 249 379

 Urban studies/affairs........................................................................................ 913 452 461 365 147 218 45 23 22

 Social sciences, other...................................................................................... 2,094 829 1,265 944 431 513 33 13 20

 History ............................................................................................................... 34,711 20,440 14,271 3,542 2,012 1,530 918 537 381

 History, general................................................................................................ 34,067 20,088 13,979 3,069 1,706 1,363 861 500 361

 American history (United States)..................................................................... 58 44 14 24 15 9 12 7 5

 European history ............................................................................................. 29 14 1531200 0

 History and philosophy of science and technology.......................................... 100 48 52 33 17 16 19 12 7

 Public/applied history and archival administration........................................... 23 13 10 126 28 98 2 2 0

 Asian history.................................................................................................... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 History, other.................................................................................................... 433 232 201 287 245 42 24 16 8

Theology and religious vocations ........................................................................ 8,940 5,950 2,990 7,541 4,839 2,702 1,520 1,166 354

 Bible/biblical studies .......................................................................................... 2,908 1,831 1,077 561 439 122 46 32 14

 Missions/missionary studies and missiology ..................................................... 422 165 257 245 118 127 37 33 4

 Religious education ........................................................................................... 716 375 341 616 332 284 39 27 12

 Religious/sacred music...................................................................................... 247 130 117 67 40 27 2 2 0

 Theology/theological studies ............................................................................. 1,087 736 351 3,614 2,456 1,158 683 536 147

 Pre-theology/pre-ministerial studies .................................................................. 250 179 7100000 0

 Rabbinical studies ............................................................................................. 0 0 0 77 56 21 0 0 0

 Talmudic studies ................................................................................................ 1,292 1,290 2 343 343 0 33 33 0

 Theological and ministerial studies, other ......................................................... 493 302 191 542 339 203 260 214 46

 Pastoral studies/counseling ............................................................................... 409 278 131 702 262 440 179 138 41

 Youth ministry .................................................................................................... 566 369 197 79 56 23 0 0 0

 Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries, other ....................................... 147 60 87 132 59 73 12 10 2

 Theology and religious vocations, other ............................................................ 403 235 168 563 339 224 229 141 88

See notes at end of table.

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
430 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes first-professional, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

2Includes LL.M. and J.S.D./S.J.D.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Transportation and materials moving................................................................... 5,189 4,631 558 1,048 905 143 0 0 0

 Aeronautics/aviation/aerospace science and technology, general .................... 2,777 2,511 266 71 56 15 0 0 0

 Airline/commercial/professional pilot and flight crew ......................................... 1,102 1,003 99 773 689 84 0 0 0

 Aviation/airway management and operations .................................................... 778 661 117 177 139 38 0 0 0

 Air traffic controller............................................................................................. 201 171 30 0 0 000 0

 Flight instructor.................................................................................................. 9 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Air transportation, other..................................................................................... 1 1 0 27 21 6 0 0 0

 Ground transportation, other ............................................................................. 00000000 0

 Marine science/merchant marine officer............................................................ 295 261 3400000 0

 Marine transportation, other .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Transportation and materials moving, other ...................................................... 26 16 1000000 0

Visual and performing arts .................................................................................. 89,140 35,051 54,089 14,918 6,325 8,593 1,569 726 843

 Visual and performing arts, general................................................................... 1,668 627 1,041 144 52 92 2 1 1

 Crafts/craft design, folk art and artisanry........................................................... 160 44 11695400 0

 Dance, general .................................................................................................. 1,790 166 1,624 235 25 210 5 1 4

 Ballet.................................................................................................................. 21 0 21 50500 0

 Dance, other ...................................................................................................... 7 0 7 1 0 1 3 1 2

 Design and visual communications, general ..................................................... 2,454 999 1,455 210 91 119 0 0 0

 Commercial and advertising art......................................................................... 1,693 675 1,018 124 59 65 0 0 0

 Industrial design ................................................................................................ 1,377 926 451 149 85 64 0 0 0

 Commercial photography................................................................................... 182 57 125 24 13 11 0 0 0

 Fashion/apparel design ..................................................................................... 2,176 152 2,024 82 8 74 00 0

 Interior design.................................................................................................... 4,234 354 3,880 269 25 244 0 0 0

 Graphic design .................................................................................................. 4,756 2,084 2,672 170 58 112 0 0 0

 Illustration .......................................................................................................... 1,270 578 692 111 50 61 0 0 0

 Design and applied arts, other........................................................................... 1,137 634 503 263 109 154 32 1

 Drama and dramatics/theatre arts, general ....................................................... 8,916 3,303 5,613 1,141 482 659 91 29 62

 Technical theatre/theatre design and technology .............................................. 358 150 208 96 43 53 0 0 0

 Playwriting and screenwriting ............................................................................ 113 59 54 111 66 45 0 0 0

 Theatre literature, history and criticism.............................................................. 24 5 1954130 3

 Acting................................................................................................................. 568 245 323 130 70 60 0 0 0

 Directing and theatrical production.................................................................... 66 30 36 89 38 51 0 0 0

 Theatre/theatre arts management..................................................................... 112 34 78 29 9 20 0 0 0

 Acting and directing ........................................................................................... 00000000 0

 Dramatic/theatre arts and stagecraft, other....................................................... 217 87 130 62 25 37 6 2 4

 Film/cinema studies........................................................................................... 2,486 1,603 883 370 200 170 23 8 15

 Cinematography and film/video production ....................................................... 4,108 3,021 1,087 605 339 266 4 1 3

 Photography ...................................................................................................... 1,763 583 1,180 259 116 143 0 0 0

 Film/video and photographic arts, other ............................................................ 866 555 311 102 58 44 0 0 0

 Art/art studies, general ...................................................................................... 12,939 4,110 8,829 755 318 437 14 3 11

 Fine/studio arts, general.................................................................................... 9,231 3,322 5,909 1,321 583 738 0 0 0

 Art history, criticism and conservation ............................................................... 3,893 474 3,419 724 93 631 210 50 160

 Arts management .............................................................................................. 609 168 441 375 65 31000 0

 Drawing.............................................................................................................. 266 83 183 24 12 12 0 0 0

 Intermedia/multimedia ....................................................................................... 636 384 252 72 47 25 0 0 0

 Painting.............................................................................................................. 779 291 488 214 95 119 0 0 0

 Sculpture ........................................................................................................... 313 142 171 62 20 42 0 0 0

 Printmaking........................................................................................................ 147 45 102 50 22 28 0 0 0

 Ceramic arts and ceramics................................................................................ 205 67 138 52 23 29 0 0 0

 Fiber, textile and weaving arts ........................................................................... 173 3 170 31 1 30 3 0 3

 Metal and jewelry arts ....................................................................................... 119 17 102 27 7 20 0 0 0

 Fine arts and art studies, other.......................................................................... 1,243 376 867 383 133 25010 1

 Music, general ................................................................................................... 7,527 3,828 3,699 1,766 902 864 477 258 219

 Music history, literature, and theory................................................................... 117 56 61 48 21 27 13 8 5

 Music performance, general .............................................................................. 4,087 2,107 1,980 2,326 1,106 1,220 409 198 211

 Music theory and composition........................................................................... 456 331 125 219 165 54 71 52 19

 Musicology and ethnomusicology...................................................................... 34 20 14 82 25 57 47 24 23

 Conducting ........................................................................................................ 2 2 0 110 74 36 30 21 9

 Piano and organ ................................................................................................ 140 45 95 165 51 114 60 23 37

 Voice and opera................................................................................................. 317 93 224 237 75 162 20 7 13

 Music management and merchandising............................................................ 1,632 1,104 528 123900 0

 Jazz/jazz studies................................................................................................ 267 237 30 104 88 16 11 9 2

 Violin, viola, guitar and other stringed instruments............................................ 166 74 92 171 74 97 26 11 15

 Music pedagogy ................................................................................................ 57 21 36 45 12 33 5 2 3

 Music, other ....................................................................................................... 679 422 257 233 135 98 13 8 5

 Visual and performing arts, other ...................................................................... 584 258 326 515 145 370 19 7 12

Not classified by field of study ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 286. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 

2008–09—Continued

Discipline division

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees

Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)1

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 431

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes degrees that require at least 6 years of college work for completion (including at

least 2 years of preprofessional training). 

2Doctor’s degrees include Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level.

Excludes first-professional degrees such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

3Part of the increase is due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1969–70 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 287. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by control of institution and level of degree: 1969–70 through 2008–09

Year

Public institutions Private institutions 

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Firstprofessional

degrees1

Doctor’s

degrees2

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Firstprofessional

degrees1

Doctor’s

degrees2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1969–70..................................... 170,966 519,550 134,545 14,542 19,183 35,057 272,766 73,746 20,376 10,683

1970–71..................................... 215,645 557,996 151,603 16,139 20,788 36,666 281,734 78,906 21,807 11,319

1971–72..................................... 255,218 599,615 167,075 18,521 21,776 36,796 287,658 84,558 24,890 11,587

1972–73..................................... 278,132 630,899 174,405 21,872 22,357 38,042 291,463 88,966 28,146 12,420

1973–74..................................... 303,188 651,544 184,632 23,208 21,810 40,736 294,232 92,401 30,608 12,006

1974–75..................................... 318,474 634,785 193,804 23,612 22,176 41,697 288,148 98,646 32,304 11,907

1975–76..................................... 345,006 635,161 206,298 25,766 21,751 46,448 290,585 105,473 36,883 12,313

1976–77..................................... 355,650 630,463 208,901 26,344 21,229 50,727 289,086 108,263 38,015 12,003

1977–78..................................... 358,874 627,903 202,099 27,097 20,456 53,372 293,301 109,521 39,484 11,675

1978–79..................................... 346,808 621,666 192,016 27,785 20,817 55,894 299,724 109,063 41,063 11,913

1979–80..................................... 344,536 624,084 187,499 27,942 20,608 56,374 305,333 110,582 42,189 12,007

1980–81..................................... 352,391 626,452 184,384 29,128 20,895 63,986 3 308,688 111,355 42,828 12,063

1981–82..................................... 366,732 636,475 182,295 29,611 20,889 67,794 3 316,523 113,251 42,421 11,818

1982–83..................................... 377,817 646,317 176,246 29,757 21,186 71,803 3 323,193 113,675 43,297 11,589

1983–84..................................... 379,249 646,013 170,693 29,586 21,141 72,991 328,296 113,570 44,882 12,068

1984–85..................................... 377,625 652,246 170,000 30,152 21,337 77,087 327,231 116,251 44,911 11,606

1985–86..................................... 369,052 658,586 169,903 29,568 21,433 76,995 329,237 118,664 44,342 12,220

1986–87..................................... 358,811 659,260 167,797 29,346 21,870 77,493 332,004 121,552 42,271 12,171

1987–88..................................... 354,180 658,491 173,778 29,153 22,488 80,905 336,338 125,539 41,582 12,382

1988–89..................................... 357,001 675,675 179,109 28,993 22,970 79,763 343,080 131,512 41,863 12,750

1989–90..................................... 375,635 700,015 186,104 28,810 24,641 79,467 351,329 138,197 42,178 13,730

1990–91..................................... 398,055 724,062 193,057 29,554 25,681 83,665 370,476 144,111 42,394 13,613

1991–92..................................... 420,265 759,475 203,398 29,366 26,820 83,966 377,078 149,440 44,780 13,839

1992–93..................................... 430,321 785,112 213,843 29,628 27,392 84,435 380,066 155,742 45,759 14,740

1993–94..................................... 444,373 789,148 221,428 29,842 28,524 86,259 380,127 165,642 45,576 14,661

1994–95..................................... 451,539 776,670 224,152 29,871 28,917 88,152 383,464 173,477 45,929 15,529

1995–96..................................... 454,291 774,070 227,179 29,882 29,516 100,925 390,722 179,122 46,852 15,136

1996–97..................................... 465,494 776,677 233,237 31,243 29,838 105,732 396,202 186,164 47,487 16,038

1997–98..................................... 455,084 784,296 235,922 31,233 29,715 103,471 400,110 194,242 47,365 16,295

1998–99..................................... 448,334 790,287 238,501 31,693 28,134 111,620 410,016 201,485 46,746 15,943

1999–2000................................. 448,446 810,855 243,157 32,247 28,408 116,487 427,020 213,899 47,810 16,400

2000–01..................................... 456,487 812,438 246,054 32,633 28,187 122,378 431,733 222,422 47,074 16,717

2001–02..................................... 471,660 841,180 249,820 33,439 27,622 123,473 450,720 232,298 47,259 16,538

2002–03..................................... 498,279 875,596 265,643 33,549 28,062 135,737 473,215 247,696 47,348 17,980

2003–04..................................... 524,875 905,718 285,138 34,499 29,706 140,426 493,824 273,802 48,542 18,672

2004–05..................................... 547,519 932,443 291,505 35,768 31,743 149,141 506,821 283,113 51,521 20,888

2005–06..................................... 557,134 955,369 293,517 36,269 33,767 155,932 529,873 300,548 51,386 22,300

2006–07..................................... 566,535 975,513 291,971 36,855 36,230 161,579 548,579 312,636 53,209 24,386

2007–08..................................... 578,520 996,435 299,923 37,278 38,315 171,644 566,634 325,100 54,031 25,397

2008–09..................................... 596,098 1,020,435 308,206 37,357 39,911 191,227 580,933 348,578 54,647 27,805
432 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

2Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed

separately. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations

have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and

natural resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and

Natural resources and conservation; and “Business” includes Business management, marketing, and related support services and Personal and culinary services. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 288. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by control of institution, level of degree, and field of study: 2008–09

Field of study

Public institutions Private institutions

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctor’s

degrees1

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctor’s

degrees1

1 2345678 9

All fields, total ..................................... 596,098 1,020,435 308,206 39,911 191,227 580,933 348,578 27,805

Agriculture and natural resources................. 5,487 21,592 4,053 1,228 237 3,396 824 100

Architecture and related services ................. 584 7,278 3,986 161 12 2,841 2,601 51

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .... 156 5,568 1,063 130 17 3,204 716 109

Biological and biomedical sciences .............. 2,302 55,336 6,079 4,793 62 25,420 3,819 2,164

Business ....................................................... 70,489 191,485 58,543 880 57,359 156,500 109,832 1,243

Communications, journalism, and related 

programs ................................................ 2,132 54,476 3,484 438 590 23,533 3,608 95

Communications technologies...................... 2,678 1,120 65 0 2,125 3,980 410 2

Computer and information sciences ............. 13,359 18,048 8,943 1,030 16,647 19,946 8,964 550

Construction trades ...................................... 3,466 157 0 0 786 11 0 0

Education...................................................... 12,751 73,019 83,513 5,181 1,372 28,689 95,051 3,847

Engineering .................................................. 2,006 52,763 22,684 5,781 175 16,370 12,066 2,150

Engineering technologies2 ............................ 19,992 11,921 1,803 22 10,442 3,191 1,652 37

English language and literature/letters ......... 1,513 38,912 5,989 984 12 16,550 3,272 287

Family and consumer sciences .................... 8,078 18,380 1,674 248 942 3,525 779 85

Foreign languages, literatures, and 

linguistics ................................................ 1,288 14,581 2,588 747 339 6,577 1,004 364

Health professions and related clinical 

sciences.................................................. 112,527 72,555 29,802 5,554 52,636 47,933 32,818 6,558

Legal professions and studies ...................... 4,933 2,055 1,267 62 4,129 1,767 3,883 197

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, 

and humanities ....................................... 251,285 32,392 1,448 25 12,568 14,704 2,280 42

Library science ............................................. 116 78 5,811 35 0 0 1,280 0

Mathematics and statistics ........................... 922 10,324 3,793 1,092 8 5,172 1,418 443

Mechanics and repair technologies .............. 9,616 164 0 0 6,450 59 0 0

Military technologies..................................... 660 42 0 0 61 13 3 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies........................ 14,932 26,330 3,155 723 527 11,114 2,189 550

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies....... 1,159 23,735 3,759 258 428 7,932 1,063 27

Philosophy and religious studies .................. 88 5,685 724 262 103 6,759 1,135 424

Physical sciences and science technologies 3,523 15,329 4,266 3,548 94 7,137 1,392 1,500

Precision production ..................................... 1,917 6 0 0 209 23 10 0

Psychology ................................................... 2,452 63,030 7,907 2,316 1,497 31,241 15,508 3,161

Public administration and social service 

professions ............................................. 3,882 15,419 20,987 494 296 8,432 12,946 318

Security and protective services................... 21,207 25,800 2,694 85 11,826 16,000 3,434 12

Social sciences and history .......................... 9,047 113,455 10,785 2,737 95 55,045 8,455 1,497

Social sciences ......................................... 8,570 90,303 8,328 2,149 87 43,486 7,370 1,167

History....................................................... 477 23,152 2,457 588 8 11,559 1,085 330

Theology and religious vocations ................. 1 2 0 0 674 8,938 7,541 1,520

Transportation and materials moving............ 819 2,186 65 0 611 3,003 983 0

Visual and performing arts ........................... 10,731 47,212 7,276 1,097 7,898 41,928 7,642 472

Other and unclassified.................................. 0000000 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 433

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

2Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are

listed separately. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Prior to counting the numbers of institutions

awarding various types of degrees, certain aggregations were made of the degree fields

as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and Natural resources and conservation; and “Business” includes Business management, marketing, and related support

services and Personal and culinary services.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This

table was prepared September 2010.) 

Table 289. Number of degree-granting institutions conferring degrees, by control, level of degree, and field of study: 2008–09

Field of study

Total number of institutions Public institutions Private institutions

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctor’s

degrees1

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctor’s

degrees1

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Doctor’s

degrees1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All fields, total ......................... 2,786 2,348 1,777 737 1,291 625 520 277 1,495 1,723 1,257 460

Agriculture and natural resources..... 452 610 205 91 427 293 161 85 25 317 44 6

Architecture and related services ..... 78 185 143 36 74 117 94 27 4 68 49 9

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender 

studies ........................................ 47 471 127 47 41 225 80 28 6 246 47 19

Biological and biomedical sciences .. 234 1,329 476 252 215 508 342 174 19 821 134 78

Business ........................................... 1,901 1,833 1,120 154 1,130 570 404 92 771 1,263 716 62

Communications, journalism, and 

related programs ........................ 254 1,107 294 68 212 435 195 51 42 672 99 17

Communications technologies.......... 314 197 20 1 272 44 5 0 42 153 15 1

Computer and information sciences ...... 1,435 1,466 459 157 919 506 274 106 516 960 185 51

Construction trades .......................... 313 10 0 0 286 8 0 0 27 2 0 0

Education.......................................... 701 1,213 1,114 327 604 441 454 194 97 772 660 133

Engineering ...................................... 294 467 307 202 276 260 201 147 18 207 106 55

Engineering technologies2 ................ 1,113 350 145 11 840 214 99 6 273 136 46 5

English language and literature/

letters.......................................... 158 1,321 471 146 150 507 314 99 8 814 157 47

Family and consumer sciences ........ 616 330 149 45 573 201 107 34 43 129 42 11

Foreign languages, literatures, and 

linguistics .................................... 182 917 218 92 173 407 160 63 9 510 58 29

Health professions and related 

clinical sciences.......................... 1,797 1,237 905 322 1,077 492 368 176 720 745 537 146

Legal professions and studies .......... 705 204 124 30 428 66 50 10 277 138 74 20

Liberal arts and sciences, general 

studies, and humanities.............. 1,384 884 194 13 1,093 370 98 6 291 514 96 7

Library science ................................. 36 8 71 11 36 8 56 11 0 0 15 0

Mathematics and statistics ............... 159 1,162 340 167 154 486 262 118 5 676 78 49

Mechanics and repair technologies .. 669 17 0 0 604 12 0 0 65 5 0 0

Military technologies......................... 7 3 106200111 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies............ 344 851 323 151 315 325 192 98 29 526 131 53

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness 

studies ........................................ 218 761 229 44 182 326 174 39 36 435 55 5

Philosophy and religious studies ...... 56 922 211 105 39 305 91 50 17 617 120 55

Physical sciences and science 

technologies ............................... 321 1,069 332 211 309 473 244 148 12 596 88 63

Precision production ......................... 321 4 1 0 309 1 0 0 12 3 1 0

Psychology ....................................... 186 1,391 667 285 165 505 320 143 21 886 347 142

Public administration and social 

service professions..................... 337 738 442 112 315 323 290 72 22 415 152 40

Security and protective services....... 1,232 828 248 17 843 314 139 15 389 514 109 2

Social sciences and history .............. 249 1,355 445 185 224 513 310 128 25 842 135 57

Social sciences ............................. 25 1,272 375 168 0 498 260 117 25 774 115 51

History........................................... 88 1,230 342 136 84 481 265 95 4 749 77 41

Theology and religious vocations ..... 86 399 309 119 1 1 0 0 85 398 309 119

Transportation and materials moving 94 87 14 0 83 49 4 0 11 38 10 0

Visual and performing arts ............... 753 1,388 425 104 542 475 251 69 211 913 174 35

Other and unclassified...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
434 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 through 1964–65; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1965–66 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared September 2010.)

Table 290. Number of institutions and first-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex 

of student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) Medicine (M.D.) Law (LL.B. or J.D.)

Number of

institutions

conferring

degrees

Degrees conferred Number of

institutions

conferring

degrees

Degrees conferred Number of

institutions

conferring

degrees

Degrees conferred

Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1949–50.............................. 40 2,579 2,561 18 72 5,612 5,028 584 — — — —

1951–52.............................. 41 2,918 2,895 23 72 6,201 5,871 330 — — — —

1953–54.............................. 42 3,102 3,063 39 73 6,712 6,377 335 — — — —

1955–56.............................. 42 3,009 2,975 34 73 6,810 6,464 346 131 8,262 7,974 288

1957–58.............................. 43 3,065 3,031 34 75 6,816 6,469 347 131 9,394 9,122 272

1959–60.............................. 45 3,247 3,221 26 79 7,032 6,645 387 134 9,240 9,010 230

1961–62.............................. 46 3,183 3,166 17 81 7,138 6,749 389 134 9,364 9,091 273

1963–64.............................. 46 3,180 3,168 12 82 7,303 6,878 425 133 10,679 10,372 307

1964–65.............................. 46 3,108 3,086 22 81 7,304 6,832 472 137 11,583 11,216 367

1965–66.............................. 47 3,178 3,146 32 84 7,673 7,170 503 136 13,246 12,776 470

1967–68.............................. 48 3,422 3,375 47 85 7,944 7,318 626 138 16,454 15,805 649

1968–69.............................. — 3,408 3,376 32 — 8,025 7,415 610 — 17,053 16,373 680

1969–70.............................. 48 3,718 3,684 34 86 8,314 7,615 699 145 14,916 14,115 801

1970–71.............................. 48 3,745 3,703 42 89 8,919 8,110 809 147 17,421 16,181 1,240

1971–72.............................. 48 3,862 3,819 43 92 9,253 8,423 830 147 21,764 20,266 1,498

1972–73.............................. 51 4,047 3,992 55 97 10,307 9,388 919 152 27,205 25,037 2,168

1973–74.............................. 52 4,440 4,355 85 99 11,356 10,093 1,263 151 29,326 25,986 3,340

1974–75.............................. 52 4,773 4,627 146 104 12,447 10,818 1,629 154 29,296 24,881 4,415

1975–76.............................. 56 5,425 5,187 238 107 13,426 11,252 2,174 166 32,293 26,085 6,208

1976–77.............................. 57 5,138 4,764 374 109 13,461 10,891 2,570 169 34,104 26,447 7,657

1977–78.............................. 57 5,189 4,623 566 109 14,279 11,210 3,069 169 34,402 25,457 8,945

1978–79.............................. 58 5,434 4,794 640 109 14,786 11,381 3,405 175 35,206 25,180 10,026

1979–80.............................. 58 5,258 4,558 700 112 14,902 11,416 3,486 179 35,647 24,893 10,754

1980–81.............................. 58 5,460 4,672 788 116 15,505 11,672 3,833 176 36,331 24,563 11,768

1981–82.............................. 59 5,282 4,467 815 119 15,814 11,867 3,947 180 35,991 23,965 12,026

1982–83.............................. 59 5,585 4,631 954 118 15,484 11,350 4,134 177 36,853 23,550 13,303

1983–84.............................. 60 5,353 4,302 1,051 119 15,813 11,359 4,454 179 37,012 23,382 13,630

1984–85.............................. 59 5,339 4,233 1,106 120 16,041 11,167 4,874 181 37,491 23,070 14,421

1985–86.............................. 59 5,046 3,907 1,139 120 15,938 11,022 4,916 181 35,844 21,874 13,970

1986–87.............................. 58 4,741 3,603 1,138 121 15,428 10,431 4,997 179 36,056 21,561 14,495

1987–88.............................. 57 4,477 3,300 1,177 122 15,358 10,278 5,080 180 35,397 21,067 14,330

1988–89.............................. 58 4,265 3,124 1,141 124 15,460 10,310 5,150 182 35,634 21,069 14,565

1989–90.............................. 57 4,100 2,834 1,266 124 15,075 9,923 5,152 182 36,485 21,079 15,406

1990–91.............................. 55 3,699 2,510 1,189 121 15,043 9,629 5,414 179 37,945 21,643 16,302

1991–92.............................. 52 3,593 2,431 1,162 120 15,243 9,796 5,447 177 38,848 22,260 16,588

1992–93.............................. 55 3,605 2,383 1,222 122 15,531 9,679 5,852 184 40,302 23,182 17,120

1993–94.............................. 53 3,787 2,330 1,457 121 15,368 9,544 5,824 185 40,044 22,826 17,218

1994–95.............................. 53 3,897 2,480 1,417 119 15,537 9,507 6,030 183 39,349 22,592 16,757

1995–96.............................. 53 3,697 2,374 1,323 119 15,341 9,061 6,280 183 39,828 22,508 17,320

1996–97.............................. 52 3,784 2,387 1,397 118 15,571 9,121 6,450 184 40,079 22,548 17,531

1997–98.............................. 53 4,032 2,490 1,542 117 15,424 9,006 6,418 185 39,331 21,876 17,455

1998–99.............................. 53 4,144 2,674 1,470 118 15,562 8,954 6,608 188 39,167 21,628 17,539

1999–2000.......................... 54 4,250 2,547 1,703 118 15,286 8,761 6,525 190 38,152 20,638 17,514

2000–01.............................. 54 4,391 2,696 1,695 118 15,403 8,728 6,675 192 37,904 19,981 17,923

2001–02.............................. 53 4,239 2,608 1,631 118 15,237 8,469 6,768 192 38,981 20,254 18,727

2002–03.............................. 53 4,345 2,654 1,691 118 15,034 8,221 6,813 194 39,067 19,916 19,151

2003–04.............................. 53 4,335 2,532 1,803 118 15,442 8,273 7,169 195 40,209 20,332 19,877

2004–05.............................. 53 4,454 2,505 1,949 120 15,461 8,151 7,310 198 43,423 22,297 21,126

2005–06.............................. 54 4,389 2,435 1,954 119 15,455 7,900 7,555 197 43,440 22,597 20,843

2006–07.............................. 55 4,596 2,548 2,048 120 15,730 7,987 7,743 200 43,486 22,777 20,709

2007–08.............................. 55 4,795 2,661 2,134 120 15,646 7,935 7,711 201 43,769 23,197 20,572

2008–09.............................. 55 4,918 2,637 2,281 120 15,987 8,164 7,823 203 44,045 23,860 20,185
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes degrees that require at least 6 years of college work for completion (including at least 2 years of preprofessional training). SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St

Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred,” 1985–86; asecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:91–99)was prepared September 2010.)

Table 291. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex of student, control of institution, and field of study: Selected years, 1985Control of institution and field of study 1985–86 1990–91 1995–96

1999–

2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06

2006–07 2007–0

Total Males Females Total Mal

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 

Total, all institutions ................................ 73,910 71,948 76,734 80,057 79,707 80,698 80,897 83,041 87,289 87,655 90,064 45,057 45,007 91,309 45,9

Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) ............................... 5,046 3,699 3,697 4,250 4,391 4,239 4,345 4,335 4,454 4,389 4,596 2,548 2,048 4,795 2,6

Medicine (M.D.).................................................. 15,938 15,043 15,341 15,286 15,403 15,237 15,034 15,442 15,461 15,455 15,730 7,987 7,743 15,646 7,9

Optometry (O.D.) ............................................... 1,029 1,115 1,231 1,293 1,289 1,280 1,281 1,275 1,252 1,198 1,311 493 818 1,304 4

Osteopathic medicine (D.O.).............................. 1,547 1,459 1,895 2,236 2,450 2,416 2,596 2,722 2,762 2,718 2,992 1,475 1,517 3,232 1,5

Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)........................................ 903 1,244 2,555 5,669 6,324 7,076 7,474 8,221 8,885 9,292 10,439 3,394 7,045 10,932 3,7

Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or podiatric medicine 

(D.P.M.) ........................................................ 612 589 650 569 528 474 439 382 343 347 331 173 158 555 3

Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) ............................. 2,270 2,032 2,109 2,251 2,248 2,289 2,354 2,228 2,354 2,370 2,443 537 1,906 2,504 5

Chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.) ............................. 3,395 2,640 3,379 3,809 3,796 3,284 2,718 2,730 2,560 2,564 2,525 1,617 908 2,639 1,6

Law (LL.B. or J.D.) ............................................. 35,844 37,945 39,828 38,152 37,904 38,981 39,067 40,209 43,423 43,440 43,486 22,777 20,709 43,769 23,1

Theology (M. Div., M.H.L., B.D., or Ord. and 

M.H.L./Rav.)................................................. 7,283 5,695 5,879 6,129 5,026 5,195 5,360 5,332 5,533 5,666 5,990 4,000 1,990 5,751 3,7

Other.................................................................. 43 487 170 413 348 227 229 165 262 216 221 56 165 182 

Total, public institutions.......................... 29,568 29,554 29,882 32,247 32,633 33,439 33,549 34,499 35,768 36,269 36,855 17,471 19,384 37,278 17,9

Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) ............................... 2,827 2,308 2,198 2,512 2,477 2,525 2,493 2,498 2,577 2,669 2,769 1,586 1,183 2,760 1,5

Medicine (M.D.).................................................. 9,991 9,364 9,370 9,389 9,408 9,390 9,276 9,418 9,536 9,650 9,733 4,993 4,740 9,646 4,9Optometry (O.D.) ............................................... 441 477 499 493 497 503 481 476 477 462 518 198 320 492 1Osteopathic medicine (D.O.).............................. 486 493 528 535 562 538 571 586 568 585 637 301 336 634 3Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)........................................ 473 808 1,557 3,485 3,876 4,382 4,558 4,930 5,352 5,523 5,903 1,966 3,937 6,218 2,1Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or podiatric medicine 

(D.P.M.) ........................................................ 0 0 0 84 84 75 81 64 64 65 66 32 34 73 

Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) ............................. 1,931 1,814 1,889 2,021 2,017 2,052 2,023 1,912 2,033 2,048 2,116 474 1,642 2,123 5

Chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.) ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Law (LL.B. or J.D.) ............................................. 13,419 14,290 13,841 13,728 13,712 13,974 14,066 14,615 15,161 15,267 15,113 7,921 7,192 15,332 8,2

Theology (M. Div., M.H.L., B.D., or Ord. and 

M.H.L./Rav.)................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other.................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total, private institutions......................... 44,342 42,394 46,852 47,810 47,074 47,259 47,348 48,542 51,521 51,386 53,209 27,586 25,623 54,031 28,0

Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) ............................... 2,219 1,391 1,499 1,738 1,914 1,714 1,852 1,837 1,877 1,720 1,827 962 865 2,035 1,0Medicine (M.D.).................................................. 5,947 5,679 5,971 5,897 5,995 5,847 5,758 6,024 5,925 5,805 5,997 2,994 3,003 6,000 2,9Optometry (O.D.) ............................................... 588 638 732 800 792 777 800 799 775 736 793 295 498 812 2Osteopathic medicine (D.O.).............................. 1,061 966 1,367 1,701 1,888 1,878 2,025 2,136 2,194 2,133 2,355 1,174 1,181 2,598 1,2

Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)........................................ 430 436 998 2,184 2,448 2,694 2,916 3,291 3,533 3,769 4,536 1,428 3,108 4,714 1,5

Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or podiatric medicine 

(D.P.M.) ........................................................ 612 589 650 485 444 399 358 318 279 282 265 141 124 482 2

Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) ............................. 339 218 220 230 231 237 331 316 321 322 327 63 264 381 Chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.) ............................. 3,395 2,640 3,379 3,809 3,796 3,284 2,718 2,730 2,560 2,564 2,525 1,617 908 2,639 1,6

Law (LL.B. or J.D.) ............................................. 22,425 23,655 25,987 24,424 24,192 25,007 25,001 25,594 28,262 28,173 28,373 14,856 13,517 28,437 14,9Theology (M. Div., M.H.L., B.D., or Ord. and 

M.H.L./Rav.)................................................. 7,283 5,695 5,879 6,129 5,026 5,195 5,360 5,332 5,533 5,666 5,990 4,000 1,990 5,751 3,7

Other.................................................................. 43 487 170 413 348 227 229 165 262 216 221 56 165 182 
436 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Includes less-than-1-year awards and 1- to 4-year awards (excluding associate’s

degrees) conferred by degree-granting and non-degree-granting institutions participating in

Title IV programs. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/

ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to

estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. (See Appendix

A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1998–99 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS–C:99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared

September 2010.)

Table 292. Certificates conferred by postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: 1998–99 

through 2008–09 

Year and sex

Number of certificates conferred Percentage distribution of certificates conferred

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total

1998–99........................... 555,883 345,359 92,800 76,833 27,920 7,510 5,461 100.0 62.1 16.7 13.8 5.0 1.4 1.0

1999–2000....................... 558,129 337,546 97,329 81,132 29,361 6,966 5,795 100.0 60.5 17.4 14.5 5.3 1.2 1.0

2000–01........................... 552,503 333,478 99,397 78,528 28,123 6,598 6,379 100.0 60.4 18.0 14.2 5.1 1.2 1.2

2001–02........................... 584,248 352,559 106,647 83,950 27,490 7,430 6,172 100.0 60.3 18.3 14.4 4.7 1.3 1.1

2002–03........................... 646,425 382,289 120,582 95,499 32,981 8,117 6,957 100.0 59.1 18.7 14.8 5.1 1.3 1.1

2003–04........................... 687,787 402,989 129,891 107,216 32,819 8,375 6,497 100.0 58.6 18.9 15.6 4.8 1.2 0.9

2004–05........................... 710,873 415,670 133,601 114,089 32,783 8,150 6,580 100.0 58.5 18.8 16.0 4.6 1.1 0.9

2005–06........................... 715,401 412,077 135,460 118,853 34,110 8,400 6,501 100.0 57.6 18.9 16.6 4.8 1.2 0.9

2006–07........................... 729,037 420,585 139,995 119,501 32,962 8,793 7,201 100.0 57.7 19.2 16.4 4.5 1.2 1.0

2007–08........................... 749,883 430,187 145,181 122,676 35,985 8,596 7,258 100.0 57.4 19.4 16.4 4.8 1.1 1.0

2008–09........................... 805,755 451,107 161,954 138,550 37,804 9,510 6,830 100.0 56.0 20.1 17.2 4.7 1.2 0.8

Males

1998–99........................... 219,872 144,735 29,875 27,719 11,742 3,061 2,740 100.0 65.8 13.6 12.6 5.3 1.4 1.2

1999–2000....................... 226,110 143,634 33,792 30,337 13,082 2,862 2,403 100.0 63.5 14.9 13.4 5.8 1.3 1.1

2000–01........................... 223,951 143,144 34,381 28,685 12,072 2,719 2,950 100.0 63.9 15.4 12.8 5.4 1.2 1.3

2001–02........................... 235,275 152,226 36,482 29,749 10,938 3,226 2,654 100.0 64.7 15.5 12.6 4.6 1.4 1.1

2002–03........................... 254,238 161,001 40,080 33,925 12,930 3,506 2,796 100.0 63.3 15.8 13.3 5.1 1.4 1.1

2003–04........................... 257,138 161,684 40,809 36,157 12,713 3,135 2,640 100.0 62.9 15.9 14.1 4.9 1.2 1.0

2004–05........................... 259,261 161,126 41,644 38,297 12,448 3,068 2,678 100.0 62.1 16.1 14.8 4.8 1.2 1.0

2005–06........................... 259,737 158,747 41,863 40,752 12,790 3,219 2,366 100.0 61.1 16.1 15.7 4.9 1.2 0.9

2006–07........................... 269,589 164,939 44,870 40,958 12,622 3,527 2,673 100.0 61.2 16.6 15.2 4.7 1.3 1.0

2007–08........................... 283,266 172,398 48,024 43,085 13,527 3,452 2,780 100.0 60.9 17.0 15.2 4.8 1.2 1.0

2008–09........................... 302,615 179,968 53,948 47,876 14,354 3,862 2,607 100.0 59.5 17.8 15.8 4.7 1.3 0.9

Females

1998–99........................... 336,011 200,624 62,925 49,114 16,178 4,449 2,721 100.0 59.7 18.7 14.6 4.8 1.3 0.8

1999–2000....................... 332,019 193,912 63,537 50,795 16,279 4,104 3,392 100.0 58.4 19.1 15.3 4.9 1.2 1.0

2000–01........................... 328,552 190,334 65,016 49,843 16,051 3,879 3,429 100.0 57.9 19.8 15.2 4.9 1.2 1.0

2001–02........................... 348,973 200,333 70,165 54,201 16,552 4,204 3,518 100.0 57.4 20.1 15.5 4.7 1.2 1.0

2002–03........................... 392,187 221,288 80,502 61,574 20,051 4,611 4,161 100.0 56.4 20.5 15.7 5.1 1.2 1.1

2003–04........................... 430,649 241,305 89,082 71,059 20,106 5,240 3,857 100.0 56.0 20.7 16.5 4.7 1.2 0.9

2004–05........................... 451,612 254,544 91,957 75,792 20,335 5,082 3,902 100.0 56.4 20.4 16.8 4.5 1.1 0.9

2005–06........................... 455,664 253,330 93,597 78,101 21,320 5,181 4,135 100.0 55.6 20.5 17.1 4.7 1.1 0.9

2006–07........................... 459,448 255,646 95,125 78,543 20,340 5,266 4,528 100.0 55.6 20.7 17.1 4.4 1.1 1.0

2007–08........................... 466,617 257,789 97,157 79,591 22,458 5,144 4,478 100.0 55.2 20.8 17.1 4.8 1.1 1.0

2008–09........................... 503,140 271,139 108,006 90,674 23,450 5,648 4,223 100.0 53.9 21.5 18.0 4.7 1.1 0.8
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 437

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes 1,170 males and 251 females whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

2Excludes 4,819 males and 1,384 females whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. For 1989–90 and later years, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of

degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose

race/ethnicity was not reported. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may

not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1976–77 and 1980–81; and 1989–90 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:90–99), and Fall 2000

through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 293. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 

1976–77 through 2008–09

Year and sex

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total

1976–771 ......................... 404,956 342,290 33,159 16,636 7,044 2,498 3,329 100.0 84.5 8.2 4.1 1.7 0.6 0.8

1980–812 ......................... 410,174 339,167 35,330 17,800 8,650 2,584 6,643 100.0 82.7 8.6 4.3 2.1 0.6 1.6

1989–90........................... 455,102 376,816 34,326 21,504 13,066 3,430 5,960 100.0 82.8 7.5 4.7 2.9 0.8 1.3

1990–91........................... 481,720 391,264 38,835 25,540 15,257 3,871 6,953 100.0 81.2 8.1 5.3 3.2 0.8 1.4

1993–94........................... 530,632 419,694 45,523 32,118 18,444 4,876 9,977 100.0 79.1 8.6 6.1 3.5 0.9 1.9

1994–95........................... 539,691 420,656 47,067 35,962 20,677 5,482 9,847 100.0 77.9 8.7 6.7 3.8 1.0 1.8

1995–96........................... 555,216 426,106 52,014 38,254 23,138 5,573 10,131 100.0 76.7 9.4 6.9 4.2 1.0 1.8

1996–97........................... 571,226 429,464 56,306 43,549 25,159 5,984 10,764 100.0 75.2 9.9 7.6 4.4 1.0 1.9

1997–98........................... 558,555 413,561 55,314 45,876 25,196 6,246 12,362 100.0 74.0 9.9 8.2 4.5 1.1 2.2

1998–99........................... 559,954 409,086 57,439 48,670 27,586 6,424 10,749 100.0 73.1 10.3 8.7 4.9 1.1 1.9

1999–2000....................... 564,933 408,772 60,221 51,573 27,782 6,497 10,088 100.0 72.4 10.7 9.1 4.9 1.2 1.8

2000–01........................... 578,865 411,075 63,855 57,288 28,463 6,623 11,561 100.0 71.0 11.0 9.9 4.9 1.1 2.0

2001–02........................... 595,133 417,733 67,343 60,003 30,945 6,832 12,277 100.0 70.2 11.3 10.1 5.2 1.1 2.1

2002–03........................... 634,016 438,261 75,609 66,673 32,629 7,461 13,383 100.0 69.1 11.9 10.5 5.1 1.2 2.1

2003–04........................... 665,301 456,047 81,183 72,270 33,149 8,119 14,533 100.0 68.5 12.2 10.9 5.0 1.2 2.2

2004–05........................... 696,660 475,513 86,402 78,557 33,669 8,435 14,084 100.0 68.3 12.4 11.3 4.8 1.2 2.0

2005–06........................... 713,066 485,297 89,784 80,854 35,201 8,552 13,378 100.0 68.1 12.6 11.3 4.9 1.2 1.9

2006–07........................... 728,114 491,572 91,529 85,410 37,266 8,583 13,754 100.0 67.5 12.6 11.7 5.1 1.2 1.9

2007–08........................... 750,164 501,079 95,702 91,274 38,843 8,849 14,417 100.0 66.8 12.8 12.2 5.2 1.2 1.9

2008–09........................... 787,325 522,985 101,487 97,921 40,914 8,834 15,184 100.0 66.4 12.9 12.4 5.2 1.1 1.9

Males

1976–771 ......................... 209,672 178,236 15,330 9,105 3,630 1,216 2,155 100.0 85.0 7.3 4.3 1.7 0.6 1.0

1980–812 ......................... 183,819 151,242 14,290 8,327 4,557 1,108 4,295 100.0 82.3 7.8 4.5 2.5 0.6 2.3

1989–90........................... 191,195 158,954 12,502 9,370 6,170 1,364 2,835 100.0 83.1 6.5 4.9 3.2 0.7 1.5

1990–91........................... 198,634 161,858 14,143 10,738 7,164 1,439 3,292 100.0 81.5 7.1 5.4 3.6 0.7 1.7

1993–94........................... 215,261 170,905 16,931 13,214 8,289 1,837 4,085 100.0 79.4 7.9 6.1 3.9 0.9 1.9

1994–95........................... 218,352 170,251 16,727 15,670 9,252 2,098 4,354 100.0 78.0 7.7 7.2 4.2 1.0 2.0

1995–96........................... 219,514 169,230 17,941 15,740 10,229 1,993 4,381 100.0 77.1 8.2 7.2 4.7 0.9 2.0

1996–97........................... 223,948 168,882 19,394 17,990 10,937 2,068 4,677 100.0 75.4 8.7 8.0 4.9 0.9 2.1

1997–98........................... 217,613 161,212 18,686 19,108 10,953 2,252 5,402 100.0 74.1 8.6 8.8 5.0 1.0 2.5

1998–99........................... 218,417 160,794 19,402 19,379 11,671 2,241 4,930 100.0 73.6 8.9 8.9 5.3 1.0 2.3

1999–2000....................... 224,721 164,315 20,967 20,946 12,010 2,225 4,258 100.0 73.1 9.3 9.3 5.3 1.0 1.9

2000–01........................... 231,645 166,322 22,147 23,350 12,339 2,294 5,193 100.0 71.8 9.6 10.1 5.3 1.0 2.2

2001–02........................... 238,109 170,622 22,806 23,963 13,256 2,308 5,154 100.0 71.7 9.6 10.1 5.6 1.0 2.2

2002–03........................... 253,451 179,163 25,591 26,461 14,057 2,618 5,561 100.0 70.7 10.1 10.4 5.5 1.0 2.2

2003–04........................... 260,033 183,819 25,961 27,828 13,907 2,740 5,778 100.0 70.7 10.0 10.7 5.3 1.1 2.2

2004–05........................... 267,536 188,569 27,151 29,658 13,802 2,774 5,582 100.0 70.5 10.1 11.1 5.2 1.0 2.1

2005–06........................... 270,095 190,139 27,619 30,040 14,224 2,774 5,299 100.0 70.4 10.2 11.1 5.3 1.0 2.0

2006–07........................... 275,187 191,565 28,273 31,646 15,510 2,873 5,320 100.0 69.6 10.3 11.5 5.6 1.0 1.9

2007–08........................... 282,521 194,099 30,016 33,817 15,936 3,003 5,650 100.0 68.7 10.6 12.0 5.6 1.1 2.0

2008–09........................... 298,141 203,086 31,994 36,739 17,156 3,074 6,092 100.0 68.1 10.7 12.3 5.8 1.0 2.0

Females

1976–771 ......................... 195,284 164,054 17,829 7,531 3,414 1,282 1,174 100.0 84.0 9.1 3.9 1.7 0.7 0.6

1980–812 ......................... 226,355 187,925 21,040 9,473 4,093 1,476 2,348 100.0 83.0 9.3 4.2 1.8 0.7 1.0

1989–90........................... 263,907 217,862 21,824 12,134 6,896 2,066 3,125 100.0 82.6 8.3 4.6 2.6 0.8 1.2

1990–91........................... 283,086 229,406 24,692 14,802 8,093 2,432 3,661 100.0 81.0 8.7 5.2 2.9 0.9 1.3

1993–94........................... 315,371 248,789 28,592 18,904 10,155 3,039 5,892 100.0 78.9 9.1 6.0 3.2 1.0 1.9

1994–95........................... 321,339 250,405 30,340 20,292 11,425 3,384 5,493 100.0 77.9 9.4 6.3 3.6 1.1 1.7

1995–96........................... 335,702 256,876 34,073 22,514 12,909 3,580 5,750 100.0 76.5 10.1 6.7 3.8 1.1 1.7

1996–97........................... 347,278 260,582 36,912 25,559 14,222 3,916 6,087 100.0 75.0 10.6 7.4 4.1 1.1 1.8

1997–98........................... 340,942 252,349 36,628 26,768 14,243 3,994 6,960 100.0 74.0 10.7 7.9 4.2 1.2 2.0

1998–99........................... 341,537 248,292 38,037 29,291 15,915 4,183 5,819 100.0 72.7 11.1 8.6 4.7 1.2 1.7

1999–2000....................... 340,212 244,457 39,254 30,627 15,772 4,272 5,830 100.0 71.9 11.5 9.0 4.6 1.3 1.7

2000–01........................... 347,220 244,753 41,708 33,938 16,124 4,329 6,368 100.0 70.5 12.0 9.8 4.6 1.2 1.8

2001–02........................... 357,024 247,111 44,537 36,040 17,689 4,524 7,123 100.0 69.2 12.5 10.1 5.0 1.3 2.0

2002–03........................... 380,565 259,098 50,018 40,212 18,572 4,843 7,822 100.0 68.1 13.1 10.6 4.9 1.3 2.1

2003–04........................... 405,268 272,228 55,222 44,442 19,242 5,379 8,755 100.0 67.2 13.6 11.0 4.7 1.3 2.2

2004–05........................... 429,124 286,944 59,251 48,899 19,867 5,661 8,502 100.0 66.9 13.8 11.4 4.6 1.3 2.0

2005–06........................... 442,971 295,158 62,165 50,814 20,977 5,778 8,079 100.0 66.6 14.0 11.5 4.7 1.3 1.8

2006–07........................... 452,927 300,007 63,256 53,764 21,756 5,710 8,434 100.0 66.2 14.0 11.9 4.8 1.3 1.9

2007–08........................... 467,643 306,980 65,686 57,457 22,907 5,846 8,767 100.0 65.6 14.0 12.3 4.9 1.3 1.9

2008–09........................... 489,184 319,899 69,493 61,182 23,758 5,760 9,092 100.0 65.4 14.2 12.5 4.9 1.2 1.9
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of

degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural

resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and 

ness” includes Business management, marketing, and related support services aSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticData System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 294. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2008–09 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 787,325 522,985 101,487 97,921 40,914 8,834 15,184 298,141 203,086 31,994 36,739 17,156 3,074 6,092 489,184 319,899 

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 5,724 5,345 49 150 54 99 27 3,755 3,531 27 97 22 57 21 1,969 1,814 Architecture and related services ........................... 596 364 23 151 39 7 12 274 152 13 75 28 3 3 322 212 Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 173 17 26 34 10 81 5 51 4 16 10 1 20 0 122 13 

Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 2,364 1,282 183 416 359 55 69 756 433 50 122 110 14 27 1,608 849 Business ................................................................. 127,848 80,434 20,326 14,604 7,270 1,445 3,769 45,735 29,576 5,958 5,328 2,921 479 1,473 82,113 50,858 

Communications, journalism, and related programs 2,722 1,974 261 310 85 26 66 1,252 953 90 147 30 14 18 1,470 1,021 Communications technologies................................ 4,803 3,478 542 440 186 48 109 3,372 2,441 389 317 126 31 68 1,431 1,037 Computer and information sciences ....................... 30,006 19,955 4,705 3,043 1,496 320 487 22,553 15,500 2,972 2,372 1,174 200 335 7,453 4,455 

Construction trades ................................................ 4,252 3,484 359 222 97 81 9 4,035 3,321 334 209 92 72 7 217 163 Education................................................................ 14,123 9,569 2,102 1,664 267 388 133 2,040 1,456 205 220 51 80 28 12,083 8,113 Engineering ............................................................ 2,181 1,408 174 250 183 19 147 1,870 1,257 142 191 149 15 116 311 151 Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 30,434 21,875 3,423 3,376 1,213 326 221 26,143 18,995 2,816 2,874 1,021 267 170 4,291 2,880 

English language and literature/letters ................... 1,525 831 104 377 167 14 32 541 293 36 129 71 5 7 984 538 

Family and consumer sciences .............................. 9,020 4,908 1,931 1,616 336 104 125 356 171 73 78 26 5 3 8,664 4,737 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 1,627 1,086 91 286 41 22 101 261 134 9 63 16 4 35 1,366 952 Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 165,163 116,434 21,824 14,799 8,662 1,697 1,747 24,270 15,779 2,881 2,658 2,272 229 451 140,893 100,655 Legal professions and studies ......................................... 9,062 5,954 1,606 1,145 208 90 59 937 565 187 121 38 15 11 8,125 5,389 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 263,853 172,756 30,433 38,125 13,914 2,626 5,999 102,218 68,386 10,629 13,920 5,893 879 2,511 161,635 104,370 

Library science ....................................................... 116 96 3 9 6 1 1 15 10 2 1 1 1 0 101 86 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 930 490 38 210 138 12 42 635 338 27 152 81 9 28 295 152 Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 16,066 11,670 1,418 1,968 670 240 100 15,176 11,093 1,282 1,856 637 218 90 890 577 

Military technologies............................................... 721 508 84 85 36 8 0 563 413 58 65 20 7 0 158 95 

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 15,459 9,105 1,214 2,750 1,891 105 394 5,955 3,749 414 833 787 35 137 9,504 5,356 

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 1,587 1,088 192 190 57 25 35 946 629 134 113 36 11 23 641 459 Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 191 125 25 23 10 5 3 136 93 16 16 7 3 1 55 32Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 3,617 2,241 307 433 391 56 189 2,120 1,343 152 267 208 40 110 1,497 898 

Precision production ............................................... 2,126 1,819 88 124 58 36 1 1,988 1,719 70 112 56 30 1 138 100 

Psychology ............................................................. 3,949 2,451 419 767 180 80 52 744 443 88 153 46 11 3 3,205 2,008 

Public administration and social service professions..... 4,178 2,212 1,200 565 87 85 29 583 292 171 94 9 11 6 3,595 1,920 Security and protective services............................. 33,033 21,288 5,363 5,104 778 363 137 17,230 12,581 1,652 2,279 497 152 69 15,803 8,707 Social sciences and history .................................... 9,142 4,748 1,031 2,216 801 183 163 3,253 1,793 287 735 319 57 62 5,889 2,955 

Social sciences ................................................... 8,657 4,402 1,021 2,106 789 178 161 2,949 1,579 283 664 308 54 61 5,708 2,823 History................................................................. 485 346 10 110 12 5 2 304 214 4 71 11 3 1 181 132 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 675 461 157 32 11 5 9 337 222 86 15 5 3 6 338 239 

Transportation and materials moving...................... 1,430 1,034 108 168 60 18 42 1,248 922 98 142 49 16 21 182 112 Visual and performing arts ..................................... 18,629 12,495 1,678 2,269 1,153 164 870 6,793 4,499 630 975 357 81 251 11,836 7,996 

Other and not classified.......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of

degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural

resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and 

ness” includes Business management, marketing, and related support services aSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticData System (IPEDS), Fall 2008. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 295. Associate’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2007–08 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 750,164 501,079 95,702 91,274 38,843 8,849 14,417 282,521 194,099 30,016 33,817 15,936 3,003 5,650 467,643 306,980 

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 5,738 5,364 70 146 38 93 27 3,598 3,370 52 87 16 62 11 2,140 1,994 Architecture and related services ........................... 568 320 46 115 48 9 30 260 126 31 58 33 4 8 308 194 Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 169 27 28 32 2 78 2 59 14 10 12 0 23 0 110 13 Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 2,200 1,201 168 372 323 60 76 667 360 56 116 97 14 24 1,533 841 Business ................................................................. 121,158 77,175 18,739 13,509 6,951 1,469 3,315 43,245 28,504 5,473 4,827 2,759 426 1,256 77,913 48,671 

Communications, journalism, and related programs 2,620 1,840 253 317 91 33 86 1,271 933 106 141 50 15 26 1,349 907 Communications technologies................................ 4,237 3,099 501 377 141 34 85 2,968 2,153 369 264 98 23 61 1,269 946 

Computer and information sciences ....................... 28,296 18,774 4,582 2,928 1,286 326 400 21,191 14,523 2,862 2,307 997 202 300 7,105 4,251 

Construction trades ................................................ 4,309 3,572 287 284 86 72 8 4,106 3,415 267 269 79 68 8 203 157 Education................................................................ 13,108 8,660 2,163 1,412 279 427 167 1,914 1,301 272 173 55 85 28 11,194 7,359 Engineering ............................................................ 2,286 1,478 238 306 146 30 88 1,986 1,307 208 251 121 21 78 300 171 

Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 29,334 21,032 3,160 3,323 1,233 315 271 25,261 18,421 2,551 2,776 1,046 252 215 4,073 2,611 

English language and literature/letters ................... 1,402 726 122 354 155 13 32 484 235 38 133 63 4 11 918 491 

Family and consumer sciences .............................. 8,613 4,614 1,871 1,561 304 120 143 344 191 64 53 23 2 11 8,269 4,423 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 1,258 819 81 277 43 9 29 216 120 8 63 12 3 10 1,042 699 Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 155,816 110,963 20,427 13,370 7,749 1,589 1,718 22,934 15,166 2,664 2,525 1,962 224 393 132,882 95,797 Legal professions and studies ......................................... 9,465 6,238 1,662 1,225 205 84 51 1,010 622 190 140 31 18 9 8,455 5,616 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 254,012 166,565 28,916 35,871 14,071 2,670 5,919 95,438 64,386 9,613 12,486 5,655 879 2,419 158,574 102,179 

Library science ....................................................... 117 92 3 17 2 3 0 26 18 0 7 1 0 0 91 74 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 855 436 47 183 128 16 45 575 298 23 137 80 5 32 280 138 

Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 15,297 11,361 1,312 1,685 646 215 78 14,534 10,823 1,219 1,616 612 188 76 763 538 

Military technologies............................................... 851 559 159 80 45 8 0 694 465 126 66 31 6 0 157 94 

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 16,255 9,175 1,801 2,987 1,753 142 397 6,549 3,898 749 944 724 61 173 9,706 5,277 

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 1,344 939 179 137 33 22 34 809 557 121 85 25 9 12 535 382 

Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 458 376 17 25 7 1 32 137 104 7 13 2 1 10 321 272 

Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 3,388 2,121 275 393 381 55 163 1,954 1,244 159 237 191 25 98 1,434 877 

Precision production ............................................... 1,968 1,712 69 100 56 26 5 1,838 1,603 61 92 53 24 5 130 109

Psychology ............................................................. 2,412 1,440 228 523 120 71 30 554 336 39 120 33 19 7 1,858 1,104 Public administration and social service professions..... 4,192 2,268 1,141 580 73 96 34 569 311 149 74 9 18 8 3,623 1,957 Security and protective services............................. 29,590 19,410 4,540 4,563 618 343 116 16,051 11,866 1,406 2,126 414 171 68 13,539 7,544 Social sciences and history .................................... 7,812 4,224 777 1,779 685 204 143 2,759 1,588 237 566 257 62 49 5,053 2,636 

Social sciences ................................................... 7,358 3,909 759 1,683 669 196 142 2,499 1,407 228 511 246 58 49 4,859 2,502 History................................................................. 454 315 18 96 16 8 1 260 181 9 55 11 4 0 194 134 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 582 401 139 22 7 7 6 282 180 85 6 2 5 4 300 221 

Transportation and materials moving...................... 1,550 1,139 123 155 83 17 33 1,308 981 105 126 68 15 13 242 158 

Visual and performing arts ..................................... 18,890 12,959 1,564 2,266 1,055 192 854 6,927 4,680 693 921 337 69 227 11,963 8,279 

Other and not classified.......................................... 14 0 14 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 11 0 
440 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes 1,121 males and 528 females whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

2Excludes 258 males and 82 females whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. For 1989–90 and later years, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of

degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose

race/ethnicity was not reported. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may

not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1976–77 and 1980–81; and 1989–90 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:90–99), and Fall 2000

through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 296. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 

1976–77 through 2008–09

Year and sex

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total

1976–771 ......................... 917,900 807,688 58,636 18,743 13,793 3,326 15,714 100.0 88.0 6.4 2.0 1.5 0.4 1.7

1980–812 ......................... 934,800 807,319 60,673 21,832 18,794 3,593 22,589 100.0 86.4 6.5 2.3 2.0 0.4 2.4

1989–90........................... 1,051,344 887,151 61,046 32,829 39,230 4,390 26,698 100.0 84.4 5.8 3.1 3.7 0.4 2.5

1990–91........................... 1,094,538 914,093 66,375 37,342 42,529 4,583 29,616 100.0 83.5 6.1 3.4 3.9 0.4 2.7

1993–94........................... 1,169,275 939,008 83,909 50,299 55,689 6,192 34,178 100.0 80.3 7.2 4.3 4.8 0.5 2.9

1994–95........................... 1,160,134 914,610 87,236 54,230 60,502 6,610 36,946 100.0 78.8 7.5 4.7 5.2 0.6 3.2

1995–96........................... 1,164,792 905,846 91,496 58,351 64,433 6,976 37,690 100.0 77.8 7.9 5.0 5.5 0.6 3.2

1996–97........................... 1,172,879 900,809 94,349 62,509 68,859 7,425 38,928 100.0 76.8 8.0 5.3 5.9 0.6 3.3

1997–98........................... 1,184,406 901,344 98,251 66,005 71,678 7,903 39,225 100.0 76.1 8.3 5.6 6.1 0.7 3.3

1998–99........................... 1,200,303 907,245 102,214 70,085 74,197 8,423 38,139 100.0 75.6 8.5 5.8 6.2 0.7 3.2

1999–2000....................... 1,237,875 929,106 108,013 75,059 77,912 8,719 39,066 100.0 75.1 8.7 6.1 6.3 0.7 3.2

2000–01........................... 1,244,171 927,357 111,307 77,745 78,902 9,049 39,811 100.0 74.5 8.9 6.2 6.3 0.7 3.2

2001–02........................... 1,291,900 958,597 116,623 82,966 83,093 9,165 41,456 100.0 74.2 9.0 6.4 6.4 0.7 3.2

2002–03........................... 1,348,811 994,616 124,253 89,029 87,964 9,875 43,074 100.0 73.7 9.2 6.6 6.5 0.7 3.2

2003–04........................... 1,399,542 1,026,114 131,241 94,644 92,073 10,638 44,832 100.0 73.3 9.4 6.8 6.6 0.8 3.2

2004–05........................... 1,439,264 1,049,141 136,122 101,124 97,209 10,307 45,361 100.0 72.9 9.5 7.0 6.8 0.7 3.2

2005–06........................... 1,485,242 1,075,561 142,420 107,588 102,376 10,940 46,357 100.0 72.4 9.6 7.2 6.9 0.7 3.1

2006–07........................... 1,524,092 1,099,850 146,653 114,936 105,297 11,455 45,901 100.0 72.2 9.6 7.5 6.9 0.8 3.0

2007–08........................... 1,563,069 1,122,675 152,457 123,048 109,058 11,509 44,322 100.0 71.8 9.8 7.9 7.0 0.7 2.8

2008–09........................... 1,601,368 1,144,612 156,615 129,526 112,510 12,222 45,883 100.0 71.5 9.8 8.1 7.0 0.8 2.9

Males

1976–771 ......................... 494,424 438,161 25,147 10,318 7,638 1,804 11,356 100.0 88.6 5.1 2.1 1.5 0.4 2.3

1980–812 ......................... 469,625 406,173 24,511 10,810 10,107 1,700 16,324 100.0 86.5 5.2 2.3 2.2 0.4 3.5

1989–90........................... 491,696 414,982 23,257 14,932 19,711 1,860 16,954 100.0 84.4 4.7 3.0 4.0 0.4 3.4

1990–91........................... 504,045 421,290 24,800 16,598 21,203 1,938 18,216 100.0 83.6 4.9 3.3 4.2 0.4 3.6

1993–94........................... 532,422 430,526 30,766 21,834 26,952 2,620 19,724 100.0 80.9 5.8 4.1 5.1 0.5 3.7

1994–95........................... 526,131 417,878 31,793 23,626 28,992 2,739 21,103 100.0 79.4 6.0 4.5 5.5 0.5 4.0

1995–96........................... 522,454 409,565 32,974 25,029 30,669 2,885 21,332 100.0 78.4 6.3 4.8 5.9 0.6 4.1

1996–97........................... 520,515 403,366 33,616 26,318 32,521 2,996 21,698 100.0 77.5 6.5 5.1 6.2 0.6 4.2

1997–98........................... 519,956 399,553 34,510 27,677 33,445 3,151 21,620 100.0 76.8 6.6 5.3 6.4 0.6 4.2

1998–99........................... 518,746 396,996 34,876 28,662 34,225 3,323 20,664 100.0 76.5 6.7 5.5 6.6 0.6 4.0

1999–2000....................... 530,367 402,961 37,024 30,301 35,853 3,464 20,764 100.0 76.0 7.0 5.7 6.8 0.7 3.9

2000–01........................... 531,840 401,780 38,103 31,368 35,865 3,700 21,024 100.0 75.5 7.2 5.9 6.7 0.7 4.0

2001–02........................... 549,816 414,892 39,196 32,951 37,660 3,624 21,493 100.0 75.5 7.1 6.0 6.8 0.7 3.9

2002–03........................... 573,258 430,248 41,494 35,101 40,230 3,870 22,315 100.0 75.1 7.2 6.1 7.0 0.7 3.9

2003–04........................... 595,425 445,483 43,851 37,288 41,360 4,244 23,199 100.0 74.8 7.4 6.3 6.9 0.7 3.9

2004–05........................... 613,000 456,592 45,810 39,490 43,711 4,143 23,254 100.0 74.5 7.5 6.4 7.1 0.7 3.8

2005–06........................... 630,600 467,467 48,079 41,814 45,809 4,203 23,228 100.0 74.1 7.6 6.6 7.3 0.7 3.7

2006–07........................... 649,570 480,558 49,685 44,750 47,582 4,505 22,490 100.0 74.0 7.6 6.9 7.3 0.7 3.5

2007–08........................... 667,928 492,137 52,247 47,884 49,485 4,523 21,652 100.0 73.7 7.8 7.2 7.4 0.7 3.2

2008–09........................... 685,382 503,356 53,473 50,628 50,743 4,849 22,333 100.0 73.4 7.8 7.4 7.4 0.7 3.3

Females

1976–771 ......................... 423,476 369,527 33,489 8,425 6,155 1,522 4,358 100.0 87.3 7.9 2.0 1.5 0.4 1.0

1980–812 ......................... 465,175 401,146 36,162 11,022 8,687 1,893 6,265 100.0 86.2 7.8 2.4 1.9 0.4 1.3

1989–90........................... 559,648 472,169 37,789 17,897 19,519 2,530 9,744 100.0 84.4 6.8 3.2 3.5 0.5 1.7

1990–91........................... 590,493 492,803 41,575 20,744 21,326 2,645 11,400 100.0 83.5 7.0 3.5 3.6 0.4 1.9

1993–94........................... 636,853 508,482 53,143 28,465 28,737 3,572 14,454 100.0 79.8 8.3 4.5 4.5 0.6 2.3

1994–95........................... 634,003 496,732 55,443 30,604 31,510 3,871 15,843 100.0 78.3 8.7 4.8 5.0 0.6 2.5

1995–96........................... 642,338 496,281 58,522 33,322 33,764 4,091 16,358 100.0 77.3 9.1 5.2 5.3 0.6 2.5

1996–97........................... 652,364 497,443 60,733 36,191 36,338 4,429 17,230 100.0 76.3 9.3 5.5 5.6 0.7 2.6

1997–98........................... 664,450 501,791 63,741 38,328 38,233 4,752 17,605 100.0 75.5 9.6 5.8 5.8 0.7 2.6

1998–99........................... 681,557 510,249 67,338 41,423 39,972 5,100 17,475 100.0 74.9 9.9 6.1 5.9 0.7 2.6

1999–2000....................... 707,508 526,145 70,989 44,758 42,059 5,255 18,302 100.0 74.4 10.0 6.3 5.9 0.7 2.6

2000–01........................... 712,331 525,577 73,204 46,377 43,037 5,349 18,787 100.0 73.8 10.3 6.5 6.0 0.8 2.6

2001–02........................... 742,084 543,705 77,427 50,015 45,433 5,541 19,963 100.0 73.3 10.4 6.7 6.1 0.7 2.7

2002–03........................... 775,553 564,368 82,759 53,928 47,734 6,005 20,759 100.0 72.8 10.7 7.0 6.2 0.8 2.7

2003–04........................... 804,117 580,631 87,390 57,356 50,713 6,394 21,633 100.0 72.2 10.9 7.1 6.3 0.8 2.7

2004–05........................... 826,264 592,549 90,312 61,634 53,498 6,164 22,107 100.0 71.7 10.9 7.5 6.5 0.7 2.7

2005–06........................... 854,642 608,094 94,341 65,774 56,567 6,737 23,129 100.0 71.2 11.0 7.7 6.6 0.8 2.7

2006–07........................... 874,522 619,292 96,968 70,186 57,715 6,950 23,411 100.0 70.8 11.1 8.0 6.6 0.8 2.7

2007–08........................... 895,141 630,538 100,210 75,164 59,573 6,986 22,670 100.0 70.4 11.2 8.4 6.7 0.8 2.5

2008–09........................... 915,986 641,256 103,142 78,898 61,767 7,373 23,550 100.0 70.0 11.3 8.6 6.7 0.8 2.6
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field ofdegree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural

resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and 

ness” includes Business management, marketing, and related support services anSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticData System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 297. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2008–09 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 1,601,368 1,144,612 156,615 129,526 112,510 12,222 45,883 685,382 503,356 53,473 50,628 50,743 4,849 22,333 915,986 641,256 1

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 24,988 21,441 742 1,128 1,075 268 334 13,101 11,496 355 489 477 133 151 11,887 9,945 Architecture and related services ........................... 10,119 7,215 486 1,017 922 65 414 5,797 4,237 288 607 438 32 195 4,322 2,978 

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 8,772 4,804 1,192 1,241 1,087 209 239 2,735 1,493 380 353 359 68 82 6,037 3,311 

Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 80,756 52,251 6,379 5,539 13,666 590 2,331 32,925 22,076 1,755 2,199 5,754 232 909 47,831 30,175 

Business ................................................................. 347,985 237,403 39,532 27,972 25,493 2,216 15,369 177,862 128,420 15,035 12,773 12,685 1,046 7,903 170,123 108,983 

Communications, journalism, and related programs 78,009 59,112 7,636 5,677 3,565 472 1,547 27,519 21,346 2,594 1,797 1,098 169 515 50,490 37,766 Communications technologies................................ 5,100 3,642 462 507 308 37 144 3,699 2,668 299 397 207 29 99 1,401 974 

Computer and information sciences ....................... 37,994 25,607 4,322 2,792 3,216 238 1,819 31,215 21,996 2,813 2,250 2,568 170 1,418 6,779 3,611 

Construction trades ................................................ 168 138 13 9 8 0 0 163 136 10 9 8 0 0 5 2 Education................................................................ 101,708 85,338 6,645 5,832 1,974 926 993 21,159 17,674 1,601 1,008 426 189 261 80,549 67,664 

Engineering ............................................................ 69,133 47,894 3,259 4,682 8,832 364 4,102 56,716 40,183 2,362 3,716 6,911 286 3,258 12,417 7,711 Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 15,112 11,591 1,373 960 611 141 436 13,589 10,614 1,124 844 524 118 365 1,523 977 

English language and literature/letters ................... 55,462 43,579 4,225 3,982 2,805 384 487 17,973 14,536 1,092 1,270 817 117 141 37,489 29,043 

Family and consumer sciences .............................. 21,905 16,410 2,437 1,464 1,108 198 288 2,754 1,958 394 164 160 21 57 19,151 14,452 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 21,158 14,872 919 3,525 1,246 131 465 6,302 4,583 237 922 395 44 121 14,856 10,289 

Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 120,488 87,999 13,827 7,430 8,237 928 2,067 17,792 12,295 1,987 1,255 1,726 135 394 102,696 75,704 Legal professions and studies ......................................... 3,822 2,443 656 407 255 28 33 1,037 713 126 91 89 7 11 2,785 1,730 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 47,096 31,908 6,701 4,585 1,653 610 1,639 16,616 11,781 2,188 1,266 522 232 627 30,480 20,127 

Library science ....................................................... 78 74 2 2 0 0 0 8 7 0 1 0 0 0 70 67 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 15,496 11,213 876 993 1,598 72 744 8,793 6,346 458 570 929 35 455 6,703 4,867 

Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 223 174 20 5 9 5 10 207 159 19 5 9 5 10 16 15 Military technologies............................................... 55 44 2 4 2 2 1 54 43 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 37,444 25,463 3,522 4,474 2,780 305 900 11,857 8,425 992 994 1,027 98 321 25,587 17,038 

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 31,667 24,251 3,118 2,316 1,210 257 515 16,666 12,515 1,802 1,308 616 132 293 15,001 11,736 Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 12,444 9,889 761 793 749 101 151 7,761 6,257 421 495 431 64 93 4,683 3,632 Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 22,466 16,589 1,315 1,170 2,330 180 882 13,299 10,278 567 642 1,192 104 516 9,167 6,311 

Precision production ............................................... 29 24 1 1 2 0 1 19 15 1 0 2 0 1 10 9 

Psychology ............................................................. 94,271 64,699 11,270 9,609 6,416 672 1,605 21,488 15,061 2,078 2,099 1,749 164 337 72,783 49,638 

Public administration and social service professions..... 23,851 14,053 5,498 2,845 883 282 290 4,374 2,703 837 496 216 63 59 19,477 11,350 

Security and protective services............................. 41,800 25,902 8,011 5,873 1,268 428 318 21,073 14,572 2,881 2,549 728 201 142 20,727 11,330 Social sciences and history .................................... 168,500 119,023 15,183 15,088 13,202 1,392 4,612 85,197 63,547 5,806 6,581 6,312 620 2,331 83,303 55,476 

Social sciences ................................................... 133,789 90,330 13,527 12,645 11,821 1,102 4,364 64,757 46,338 4,966 5,184 5,610 462 2,197 69,032 43,992 History................................................................. 34,711 28,693 1,656 2,443 1,381 290 248 20,440 17,209 840 1,397 702 158 134 14,271 11,484 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 8,940 7,534 591 354 219 54 188 5,950 5,118 298 223 145 35 131 2,990 2,416 

Transportation and materials moving...................... 5,189 4,183 304 326 185 46 145 4,631 3,748 270 286 164 38 125 558 435 Visual and performing arts ..................................... 89,140 67,850 5,335 6,924 5,596 621 2,814 35,051 26,357 2,401 2,965 2,057 260 1,011 54,089 41,493 

Other and not classified.......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field ofdegree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural

resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and 

ness” includes Business management, marketing, and related support services anSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticData System (IPEDS), Fall 2008. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 298. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2007–08 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 1,563,069 1,122,675 152,457 123,048 109,058 11,509 44,322 667,928 492,137 52,247 47,884 49,485 4,523 21,652 895,141 630,538 1

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 24,113 20,733 761 1,174 916 217 312 12,634 11,130 353 483 406 108 154 11,479 9,603 Architecture and related services ........................... 9,805 6,968 490 1,052 818 60 417 5,579 4,071 280 620 379 28 201 4,226 2,897 

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 8,454 4,654 1,227 1,196 1,017 192 168 2,641 1,468 387 349 310 70 57 5,813 3,186 

Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 77,854 50,875 6,113 5,180 12,961 522 2,203 31,637 21,353 1,639 2,031 5,520 223 871 46,217 29,522 

Business ................................................................. 335,254 229,211 37,981 26,099 24,701 2,226 15,036 170,978 123,780 14,512 11,789 12,213 1,010 7,674 164,276 105,431 

Communications, journalism, and related programs 76,382 58,104 7,563 5,392 3,378 434 1,511 27,043 21,052 2,567 1,728 1,064 133 499 49,339 37,052 Communications technologies................................ 4,666 3,328 456 430 285 26 141 3,341 2,434 274 323 200 18 92 1,325 894 

Computer and information sciences ....................... 38,476 25,734 4,461 2,764 3,470 246 1,801 31,694 22,100 2,960 2,258 2,801 184 1,391 6,782 3,634 

Construction trades ................................................ 180 161 7 6 6 0 0 172 157 6 3 6 0 0 8 4 Education................................................................ 102,582 86,545 6,595 5,436 2,122 909 975 21,828 18,359 1,621 998 377 204 269 80,754 68,186 

Engineering ............................................................ 68,676 47,617 3,252 4,419 8,850 360 4,178 56,067 39,774 2,309 3,451 6,861 307 3,365 12,609 7,843 Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 14,765 11,193 1,397 996 691 118 370 13,266 10,238 1,132 860 631 102 303 1,499 955 

English language and literature/letters ................... 55,038 43,421 4,223 3,871 2,630 367 526 17,681 14,332 1,079 1,190 816 126 138 37,357 29,089 

Family and consumer sciences .............................. 21,870 16,540 2,396 1,400 1,081 201 252 2,659 1,915 365 166 153 20 40 19,211 14,625 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 20,977 14,865 874 3,484 1,161 120 473 6,254 4,552 238 951 353 34 126 14,723 10,313 

Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 111,478 82,201 12,842 6,749 7,041 834 1,811 16,286 11,314 1,807 1,173 1,494 126 372 95,192 70,887 

Legal professions and studies ......................................... 3,771 2,422 643 403 245 30 28 1,089 759 115 96 101 8 10 2,682 1,663 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 46,940 31,585 6,533 4,999 1,944 515 1,364 15,876 11,283 2,138 1,206 592 169 488 31,064 20,302 

Library science ....................................................... 68 67 1 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 62 61 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 15,192 11,139 818 943 1,531 77 684 8,490 6,224 416 510 882 51 407 6,702 4,915 

Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 232 186 11 11 7 5 12 219 174 10 11 7 5 12 13 12Military technologies............................................... 39 31 4 3 0 1 0 35 29 2 3 0 1 0 4 2 

Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 36,149 24,739 3,239 4,352 2,651 249 919 11,279 7,990 973 972 927 80 337 24,870 16,749 

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 29,931 23,204 2,937 2,044 1,023 230 493 15,615 11,868 1,712 1,156 527 116 236 14,316 11,336 Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 12,257 9,893 665 769 701 77 152 7,696 6,255 364 502 425 50 100 4,561 3,638 Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 21,934 16,307 1,264 1,138 2,225 149 851 12,959 10,057 536 636 1,163 70 497 8,975 6,250 

Precision production ............................................... 33 25 2 4 1 0 1 22 18 2 1 1 0 0 11 7 

Psychology ............................................................. 92,587 64,410 10,940 8,816 6,274 676 1,471 21,202 14,946 2,096 1,921 1,754 160 325 71,385 49,464 

Public administration and social service professions..... 23,493 13,726 5,447 2,915 848 256 301 4,202 2,553 829 501 195 55 69 19,291 11,173 

Security and protective services............................. 40,235 25,359 7,599 5,269 1,253 348 407 20,149 14,149 2,695 2,274 698 142 191 20,086 11,210 Social sciences and history .................................... 167,363 118,552 15,290 14,646 13,051 1,376 4,448 84,868 63,521 5,821 6,451 6,218 637 2,220 82,495 55,031 

Social sciences ................................................... 132,922 90,112 13,545 12,222 11,736 1,088 4,219 64,512 46,324 5,009 5,081 5,530 468 2,100 68,410 43,788 History................................................................. 34,441 28,440 1,745 2,424 1,315 288 229 20,356 17,197 812 1,370 688 169 120 14,085 11,243 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 8,992 7,646 599 323 197 31 196 5,873 5,089 294 202 127 15 146 3,119 2,557 

Transportation and materials moving...................... 5,203 4,159 347 345 194 44 114 4,604 3,688 305 311 170 35 95 599 471 

Visual and performing arts ..................................... 87,703 67,039 5,155 6,416 5,782 613 2,698 33,862 25,488 2,306 2,756 2,113 236 963 53,841 41,551 

Other and not classified.......................................... 377 36 325 4 3 0 9 122 11 104 2 1 0 4 255 25 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 443

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes 387 men and 175 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available. 

2Excludes 1,377 men and 179 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. For

1989–90 and later years, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of

degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students

whose race/ethnicity was not reported. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred” surveys, 1976–77 and 1980–81; and 1989–90 through 2008–09

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDSC:90–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 299. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 

1976–77 through 2008–09

Year and sex

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total

1976–771 ......................... 316,602 266,061 21,037 6,071 5,122 967 17,344 100.0 84.0 6.6 1.9 1.6 0.3 5.5

1980–812 ......................... 294,183 241,216 17,133 6,461 6,282 1,034 22,057 100.0 82.0 5.8 2.2 2.1 0.4 7.5

1989–90........................... 324,301 254,299 15,336 7,892 10,439 1,090 35,245 100.0 78.4 4.7 2.4 3.2 0.3 10.9

1990–91........................... 337,168 261,232 16,616 8,887 11,650 1,178 37,605 100.0 77.5 4.9 2.6 3.5 0.3 11.2

1993–94........................... 387,070 289,536 21,986 11,933 15,411 1,699 46,505 100.0 74.8 5.7 3.1 4.0 0.4 12.0

1994–95........................... 397,629 293,345 24,166 12,905 16,847 1,621 48,745 100.0 73.8 6.1 3.2 4.2 0.4 12.3

1995–96........................... 406,301 298,133 25,822 14,442 18,216 1,778 47,910 100.0 73.4 6.4 3.6 4.5 0.4 11.8

1996–97........................... 419,401 305,005 28,403 15,440 19,061 1,940 49,552 100.0 72.7 6.8 3.7 4.5 0.5 11.8

1997–98........................... 430,164 308,196 30,155 16,248 21,133 2,053 52,379 100.0 71.6 7.0 3.8 4.9 0.5 12.2

1998–99........................... 439,986 313,487 32,541 17,838 22,072 2,016 52,032 100.0 71.2 7.4 4.1 5.0 0.5 11.8

1999–2000....................... 457,056 320,485 35,874 19,253 23,218 2,246 55,980 100.0 70.1 7.8 4.2 5.1 0.5 12.2

2000–01........................... 468,476 320,480 38,265 21,543 24,283 2,481 61,424 100.0 68.4 8.2 4.6 5.2 0.5 13.1

2001–02........................... 482,118 327,645 40,370 22,385 25,411 2,624 63,683 100.0 68.0 8.4 4.6 5.3 0.5 13.2

2002–03........................... 513,339 342,131 44,438 25,047 27,264 2,858 71,601 100.0 66.6 8.7 4.9 5.3 0.6 13.9

2003–04........................... 558,940 369,582 50,657 29,666 30,952 3,192 74,891 100.0 66.1 9.1 5.3 5.5 0.6 13.4

2004–05........................... 574,618 379,350 54,482 31,485 32,783 3,295 73,223 100.0 66.0 9.5 5.5 5.7 0.6 12.7

2005–06........................... 594,065 393,357 58,976 32,438 34,029 3,504 71,761 100.0 66.2 9.9 5.5 5.7 0.6 12.1

2006–07........................... 604,607 399,267 62,574 34,822 36,134 3,575 68,235 100.0 66.0 10.3 5.8 6.0 0.6 11.3

2007–08........................... 625,023 409,312 65,062 36,801 37,408 3,758 72,682 100.0 65.5 10.4 5.9 6.0 0.6 11.6

2008–09........................... 656,784 424,188 70,010 39,439 39,944 3,759 79,444 100.0 64.6 10.7 6.0 6.1 0.6 12.1

Males

1976–771 ......................... 167,396 139,210 7,781 3,268 3,123 521 13,493 100.0 83.2 4.6 2.0 1.9 0.3 8.1

1980–812 ......................... 145,666 115,562 6,158 3,085 3,773 501 16,587 100.0 79.3 4.2 2.1 2.6 0.3 11.4

1989–90........................... 153,653 114,203 5,474 3,548 5,896 455 24,077 100.0 74.3 3.6 2.3 3.8 0.3 15.7

1990–91........................... 156,482 114,419 5,916 3,936 6,575 488 25,148 100.0 73.1 3.8 2.5 4.2 0.3 16.1

1993–94........................... 176,085 124,409 7,424 5,122 8,298 692 30,140 100.0 70.7 4.2 2.9 4.7 0.4 17.1

1994–95........................... 178,598 124,277 8,097 5,487 8,923 659 31,155 100.0 69.6 4.5 3.1 5.0 0.4 17.4

1995–96........................... 179,081 124,847 8,445 5,843 9,400 705 29,841 100.0 69.7 4.7 3.3 5.2 0.4 16.7

1996–97........................... 180,947 125,552 8,960 6,246 9,218 734 30,237 100.0 69.4 5.0 3.5 5.1 0.4 16.7

1997–98........................... 184,375 125,605 9,652 6,512 10,262 782 31,562 100.0 68.1 5.2 3.5 5.6 0.4 17.1

1998–99........................... 186,148 126,674 10,058 7,032 10,491 771 31,122 100.0 68.1 5.4 3.8 5.6 0.4 16.7

1999–2000....................... 191,792 128,046 11,212 7,635 11,047 836 33,016 100.0 66.8 5.8 4.0 5.8 0.4 17.2

2000–01........................... 194,351 125,993 11,568 8,271 11,349 917 36,253 100.0 64.8 6.0 4.3 5.8 0.5 18.7

2001–02........................... 199,120 128,776 11,795 8,430 11,746 993 37,380 100.0 64.7 5.9 4.2 5.9 0.5 18.8

2002–03........................... 211,664 133,398 12,869 9,270 12,518 1,027 42,582 100.0 63.0 6.1 4.4 5.9 0.5 20.1

2003–04........................... 229,545 143,827 14,653 10,813 14,347 1,127 44,778 100.0 62.7 6.4 4.7 6.3 0.5 19.5

2004–05........................... 233,590 147,546 15,733 11,385 15,031 1,160 42,735 100.0 63.2 6.7 4.9 6.4 0.5 18.3

2005–06........................... 237,896 150,954 16,959 11,637 15,803 1,244 41,299 100.0 63.5 7.1 4.9 6.6 0.5 17.4

2006–07........................... 238,189 151,358 17,907 12,362 16,451 1,264 38,847 100.0 63.5 7.5 5.2 6.9 0.5 16.3

2007–08........................... 246,491 155,035 18,357 13,057 17,227 1,280 41,535 100.0 62.9 7.4 5.3 7.0 0.5 16.9

2008–09........................... 259,998 160,505 19,718 14,215 18,480 1,340 45,740 100.0 61.7 7.6 5.5 7.1 0.5 17.6

Females

1976–771 ......................... 149,206 126,851 13,256 2,803 1,999 446 3,851 100.0 85.0 8.9 1.9 1.3 0.3 2.6

1980–812 ......................... 148,517 125,654 10,975 3,376 2,509 533 5,470 100.0 84.6 7.4 2.3 1.7 0.4 3.7

1989–90........................... 170,648 140,096 9,862 4,344 4,543 635 11,168 100.0 82.1 5.8 2.5 2.7 0.4 6.5

1990–91........................... 180,686 146,813 10,700 4,951 5,075 690 12,457 100.0 81.3 5.9 2.7 2.8 0.4 6.9

1993–94........................... 210,985 165,127 14,562 6,811 7,113 1,007 16,365 100.0 78.3 6.9 3.2 3.4 0.5 7.8

1994–95........................... 219,031 169,068 16,069 7,418 7,924 962 17,590 100.0 77.2 7.3 3.4 3.6 0.4 8.0

1995–96........................... 227,220 173,286 17,377 8,599 8,816 1,073 18,069 100.0 76.3 7.6 3.8 3.9 0.5 8.0

1996–97........................... 238,454 179,453 19,443 9,194 9,843 1,206 19,315 100.0 75.3 8.2 3.9 4.1 0.5 8.1

1997–98........................... 245,789 182,591 20,503 9,736 10,871 1,271 20,817 100.0 74.3 8.3 4.0 4.4 0.5 8.5

1998–99........................... 253,838 186,813 22,483 10,806 11,581 1,245 20,910 100.0 73.6 8.9 4.3 4.6 0.5 8.2

1999–2000....................... 265,264 192,439 24,662 11,618 12,171 1,410 22,964 100.0 72.5 9.3 4.4 4.6 0.5 8.7

2000–01........................... 274,125 194,487 26,697 13,272 12,934 1,564 25,171 100.0 70.9 9.7 4.8 4.7 0.6 9.2

2001–02........................... 282,998 198,869 28,575 13,955 13,665 1,631 26,303 100.0 70.3 10.1 4.9 4.8 0.6 9.3

2002–03........................... 301,675 208,733 31,569 15,777 14,746 1,831 29,019 100.0 69.2 10.5 5.2 4.9 0.6 9.6

2003–04........................... 329,395 225,755 36,004 18,853 16,605 2,065 30,113 100.0 68.5 10.9 5.7 5.0 0.6 9.1

2004–05........................... 341,028 231,804 38,749 20,100 17,752 2,135 30,488 100.0 68.0 11.4 5.9 5.2 0.6 8.9

2005–06........................... 356,169 242,403 42,017 20,801 18,226 2,260 30,462 100.0 68.1 11.8 5.8 5.1 0.6 8.6

2006–07........................... 366,418 247,909 44,667 22,460 19,683 2,311 29,388 100.0 67.7 12.2 6.1 5.4 0.6 8.0

2007–08........................... 378,532 254,277 46,705 23,744 20,181 2,478 31,147 100.0 67.2 12.3 6.3 5.3 0.7 8.2

2008–09........................... 396,786 263,683 50,292 25,224 21,464 2,419 33,704 100.0 66.5 12.7 6.4 5.4 0.6 8.5
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of

degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural

resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and 

ness” includes Business management, marketing, and related support services aSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticData System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 300. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2008–09 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 656,784 424,188 70,010 39,439 39,944 3,759 79,444 259,998 160,505 19,718 14,215 18,480 1,340 45,740 396,786 263,683 

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 4,877 3,652 167 157 160 30 711 2,328 1,784 71 65 55 12 341 2,549 1,868 Architecture and related services ........................... 6,587 4,434 280 390 437 36 1,010 3,657 2,558 147 212 176 18 546 2,930 1,876 

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 1,779 973 199 189 134 29 255 607 354 57 58 46 9 83 1,172 619 

Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 9,898 5,836 560 487 1,233 41 1,741 4,200 2,549 167 202 540 18 724 5,698 3,287 Business ................................................................. 168,375 96,286 23,220 9,756 14,327 925 23,861 91,981 55,952 8,217 5,033 8,183 479 14,117 76,394 40,334 

Communications, journalism, and related programs 7,092 4,408 798 413 351 37 1,085 2,212 1,438 196 115 91 13 359 4,880 2,970 Communications technologies................................ 475 227 53 20 32 0 143 247 121 15 12 19 0 80 228 106 

Computer and information sciences ....................... 17,907 6,127 1,107 504 1,781 43 8,345 13,063 4,852 680 360 1,219 29 5,923 4,844 1,275 Construction trades ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Education................................................................ 178,564 136,373 18,697 12,451 4,919 1,064 5,060 40,324 31,212 3,797 2,798 1,039 266 1,212 138,240 105,161 

Engineering ............................................................ 34,750 13,167 993 1,187 4,239 90 15,074 26,970 10,620 690 895 3,086 74 11,605 7,780 2,547 

Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 3,455 1,510 238 152 259 18 1,278 2,625 1,175 148 111 180 11 1,000 830 335 

English language and literature/letters ................... 9,261 7,560 460 468 363 59 351 3,001 2,550 101 152 86 19 93 6,260 5,010 

Family and consumer sciences .............................. 2,453 1,766 304 99 93 12 179 366 273 31 11 10 3 38 2,087 1,493 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 3,592 2,054 98 533 152 14 741 1,211 756 39 153 36 5 222 2,381 1,298 Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 62,620 44,617 6,716 3,303 4,717 404 2,863 11,869 7,612 1,066 729 1,277 74 1,111 50,751 37,005 

Legal professions and studies ......................................... 5,150 1,582 311 200 288 19 2,750 2,683 857 125 103 151 7 1,440 2,467 725 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 3,728 2,649 356 251 216 33 223 1,439 1,041 109 94 99 8 88 2,289 1,608 

Library science ....................................................... 7,091 5,911 350 391 275 50 114 1,344 1,108 50 94 59 8 25 5,747 4,803 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 5,211 2,376 153 162 437 9 2,074 3,064 1,436 75 100 234 7 1,212 2,147 940 

Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 0000000000000000Military technologies............................................... 3300000220000011Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 5,344 3,681 391 359 264 47 602 1,946 1,318 135 114 93 14 272 3,398 2,363 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 4,822 3,688 443 220 136 32 303 2,605 1,971 248 136 77 15 158 2,217 1,717 

Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 1,859 1,442 99 94 83 7 134 1,178 928 51 68 48 2 81 681 514 

Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 5,658 3,367 187 208 309 32 1,555 3,433 2,038 102 126 168 19 980 2,225 1,329 

Precision production ............................................... 10700021530002054

Psychology ............................................................. 23,415 16,493 3,317 1,791 947 150 717 4,789 3,563 526 358 165 24 153 18,626 12,930 

Public administration and social service professions..... 33,933 21,068 6,419 2,921 1,437 317 1,771 8,346 5,069 1,261 709 379 78 850 25,587 15,999 

Security and protective services............................. 6,128 3,982 1,263 503 200 54 126 2,829 2,024 386 238 100 23 58 3,299 1,958 

Social sciences and history .................................... 19,240 12,284 1,349 1,133 933 110 3,431 9,605 6,413 503 559 384 50 1,696 9,635 5,871 

Social sciences ................................................... 15,698 9,281 1,208 939 870 79 3,321 7,593 4,682 440 444 348 35 1,644 8,105 4,599 History................................................................. 3,542 3,003 141 194 63 31 110 2,012 1,731 63 115 36 15 52 1,530 1,272 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 7,541 5,601 716 273 304 19 628 4,839 3,653 360 169 180 14 463 2,702 1,948 Transportation and materials moving...................... 1,048 861 59 63 34 6 25 905 748 47 55 26 6 23 143 113 

Visual and performing arts ..................................... 14,918 10,203 707 761 884 70 2,293 6,325 4,527 318 386 274 33 787 8,593 5,676 

Other and not classified.......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of

degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural

resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and 

ness” includes Business management, marketing, and related support services aSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticData System (IPEDS), Fall 2008. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 301. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2007–08 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 625,023 409,312 65,062 36,801 37,408 3,758 72,682 246,491 155,035 18,357 13,057 17,227 1,280 41,535 378,532 254,277 

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 4,684 3,546 124 128 113 36 737 2,180 1,651 46 56 46 12 369 2,504 1,895 Architecture and related services ........................... 6,065 4,063 253 357 405 31 956 3,252 2,277 121 191 170 16 477 2,813 1,786 

Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 1,778 960 196 198 132 36 256 642 366 53 72 44 18 89 1,136 594 Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 9,565 5,797 597 494 1,120 65 1,492 4,041 2,544 188 188 483 31 607 5,524 3,253 Business ................................................................. 155,637 90,269 20,569 8,553 13,604 851 21,791 86,258 53,301 7,277 4,443 7,835 415 12,987 69,379 36,968 

Communications, journalism, and related programs 6,915 4,407 738 387 367 45 971 2,216 1,489 187 111 106 10 313 4,699 2,918 Communications technologies................................ 631 282 49 39 50 0 211 364 185 25 19 26 0 109 267 97 

Computer and information sciences ....................... 17,087 6,108 1,120 484 1,919 52 7,404 12,513 4,802 668 370 1,289 41 5,343 4,574 1,306 Construction trades ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Education................................................................ 175,880 134,870 18,001 12,028 4,553 1,209 5,219 40,055 31,104 3,710 2,679 930 291 1,341 135,825 103,766 

Engineering ............................................................ 31,719 12,685 993 1,145 3,700 83 13,113 24,446 10,205 705 828 2,607 64 10,037 7,273 2,480 

Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 2,873 1,379 228 151 261 18 836 2,128 1,082 134 102 188 8 614 745 297 

English language and literature/letters ................... 9,161 7,425 499 441 347 58 391 3,027 2,510 125 135 120 33 104 6,134 4,915 Family and consumer sciences .............................. 2,199 1,569 247 93 83 18 189 316 224 31 18 12 2 29 1,883 1,345 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 3,565 2,082 86 531 162 13 691 1,128 701 26 151 46 6 198 2,437 1,381 Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 58,120 41,373 6,143 3,266 4,141 404 2,793 11,010 7,091 972 721 1,050 78 1,098 47,110 34,282 

Legal professions and studies ......................................... 4,754 1,575 208 164 284 16 2,507 2,394 818 75 98 123 9 1,271 2,360 757 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 3,797 2,851 348 177 171 32 218 1,443 1,075 115 69 82 13 89 2,354 1,776 

Library science ....................................................... 7,162 6,043 387 350 230 44 108 1,429 1,202 66 75 47 10 29 5,733 4,841 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 4,980 2,393 169 175 431 12 1,800 2,860 1,420 81 104 222 4 1,029 2,120 973 

Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 0000000000000000Military technologies............................................... 0000000000000000Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 5,289 3,637 424 332 285 42 569 1,807 1,213 123 100 88 17 266 3,482 2,424 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 4,440 3,460 394 178 98 26 284 2,313 1,788 202 93 51 13 166 2,127 1,672 

Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 1,879 1,488 80 79 80 8 144 1,228 980 40 57 57 6 88 651 508 

Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 5,899 3,551 192 214 302 23 1,617 3,649 2,227 93 127 148 8 1,046 2,250 1,324 

Precision production ............................................... 3200001220000010Psychology ............................................................. 21,431 15,097 2,920 1,680 893 128 713 4,356 3,211 421 383 177 21 143 17,075 11,886 

Public administration and social service professions..... 33,029 20,774 6,168 2,772 1,407 293 1,615 8,140 5,075 1,271 636 337 59 762 24,889 15,699 

Security and protective services............................. 5,760 3,819 1,141 505 152 36 107 2,653 1,892 373 248 74 13 53 3,107 1,927 

Social sciences and history .................................... 18,495 11,951 1,330 952 938 89 3,235 9,349 6,235 520 469 412 35 1,678 9,146 5,716 

Social sciences ................................................... 15,092 9,044 1,186 820 860 71 3,111 7,393 4,536 453 388 370 28 1,618 7,699 4,508 History................................................................. 3,403 2,907 144 132 78 18 124 1,956 1,699 67 81 42 7 60 1,447 1,208 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 6,996 5,163 662 198 304 26 643 4,443 3,292 346 131 180 16 478 2,553 1,871 Transportation and materials moving...................... 982 788 71 66 27 10 20 829 674 56 53 19 9 18 153 114 

Visual and performing arts ..................................... 14,164 9,892 656 664 848 54 2,050 5,998 4,395 290 330 258 22 703 8,166 5,497 

Other and not classified.......................................... 84 13 69 0 1 0 1 22 4 17 0 0 0 1 62 9 
446 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes Ph.D., Ed.D, and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees. 

2Excludes 106 men whose racial/ethnic group was not available. 

3Excludes 116 men and 3 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. For 1989–90 and later years, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of

degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose

race/ethnicity was not reported. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may

not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1976–77 and 1980–81; and 1989–90 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:90–99), and Fall 2000

through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 302. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 1976–77

through 2008–09

Year and sex

Number of degrees conferred1 Percentage distribution of degrees conferred1

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total

1976–772 ......................... 33,126 26,851 1,253 522 658 95 3,747 100.0 81.1 3.8 1.6 2.0 0.3 11.3

1980–813 ......................... 32,839 25,908 1,265 456 877 130 4,203 100.0 78.9 3.9 1.4 2.7 0.4 12.8

1989–90........................... 38,371 26,221 1,149 780 1,225 98 8,898 100.0 68.3 3.0 2.0 3.2 0.3 23.2

1990–91........................... 39,294 25,855 1,248 757 1,504 106 9,824 100.0 65.8 3.2 1.9 3.8 0.3 25.0

1993–94........................... 43,185 27,212 1,385 900 2,024 134 11,530 100.0 63.0 3.2 2.1 4.7 0.3 26.7

1994–95........................... 44,446 27,846 1,667 984 2,689 130 11,130 100.0 62.7 3.8 2.2 6.1 0.3 25.0

1995–96........................... 44,652 27,773 1,632 997 2,641 159 11,450 100.0 62.2 3.7 2.2 5.9 0.4 25.6

1996–97........................... 45,876 28,596 1,865 1,120 2,667 175 11,453 100.0 62.3 4.1 2.4 5.8 0.4 25.0

1997–98........................... 46,010 28,803 2,067 1,275 2,339 186 11,340 100.0 62.6 4.5 2.8 5.1 0.4 24.6

1998–99........................... 44,077 27,838 2,136 1,302 2,299 194 10,308 100.0 63.2 4.8 3.0 5.2 0.4 23.4

1999–2000....................... 44,808 27,843 2,246 1,305 2,420 160 10,834 100.0 62.1 5.0 2.9 5.4 0.4 24.2

2000–01........................... 44,904 27,454 2,207 1,516 2,587 177 10,963 100.0 61.1 4.9 3.4 5.8 0.4 24.4

2001–02........................... 44,160 26,903 2,395 1,434 2,319 180 10,929 100.0 60.9 5.4 3.2 5.3 0.4 24.7

2002–03........................... 46,042 27,709 2,522 1,562 2,424 196 11,629 100.0 60.2 5.5 3.4 5.3 0.4 25.3

2003–04........................... 48,378 28,214 2,900 1,662 2,632 217 12,753 100.0 58.3 6.0 3.4 5.4 0.4 26.4

2004–05........................... 52,631 30,261 3,056 1,824 2,911 237 14,342 100.0 57.5 5.8 3.5 5.5 0.5 27.3

2005–06........................... 56,067 31,601 3,122 1,882 3,257 230 15,975 100.0 56.4 5.6 3.4 5.8 0.4 28.5

2006–07........................... 60,616 34,071 3,727 2,034 3,541 249 16,994 100.0 56.2 6.1 3.4 5.8 0.4 28.0

2007–08........................... 63,712 36,390 3,906 2,279 3,618 272 17,247 100.0 57.1 6.1 3.6 5.7 0.4 27.1

2008–09........................... 67,716 39,648 4,434 2,540 3,875 332 16,887 100.0 58.6 6.5 3.8 5.7 0.5 24.9

Males

1976–772 ......................... 25,036 20,032 766 383 540 67 3,248 100.0 80.0 3.1 1.5 2.2 0.3 13.0

1980–813 ......................... 22,595 17,310 694 277 655 95 3,564 100.0 76.6 3.1 1.2 2.9 0.4 15.8

1989–90........................... 24,401 15,314 531 419 865 49 7,223 100.0 62.8 2.2 1.7 3.5 0.2 29.6

1990–91........................... 24,756 14,853 597 399 1,017 59 7,831 100.0 60.0 2.4 1.6 4.1 0.2 31.6

1993–94........................... 26,552 15,159 627 463 1,373 66 8,864 100.0 57.1 2.4 1.7 5.2 0.2 33.4

1994–95........................... 26,916 15,375 730 488 1,756 58 8,509 100.0 57.1 2.7 1.8 6.5 0.2 31.6

1995–96........................... 26,841 15,112 727 514 1,692 80 8,716 100.0 56.3 2.7 1.9 6.3 0.3 32.5

1996–97........................... 27,146 15,499 795 585 1,645 87 8,535 100.0 57.1 2.9 2.2 6.1 0.3 31.4

1997–98........................... 26,664 15,399 824 652 1,392 83 8,314 100.0 57.8 3.1 2.4 5.2 0.3 31.2

1998–99........................... 25,146 14,726 873 625 1,337 92 7,493 100.0 58.6 3.5 2.5 5.3 0.4 29.8

1999–2000....................... 25,028 14,472 876 611 1,356 57 7,656 100.0 57.8 3.5 2.4 5.4 0.2 30.6

2000–01........................... 24,728 13,937 855 687 1,453 76 7,720 100.0 56.4 3.5 2.8 5.9 0.3 31.2

2001–02........................... 23,708 13,330 922 650 1,242 67 7,497 100.0 56.2 3.9 2.7 5.2 0.3 31.6

2002–03........................... 24,351 13,478 915 741 1,243 76 7,898 100.0 55.3 3.8 3.0 5.1 0.3 32.4

2003–04........................... 25,323 13,567 1,015 766 1,293 90 8,592 100.0 53.6 4.0 3.0 5.1 0.4 33.9

2004–05........................... 26,973 14,023 1,049 764 1,403 87 9,647 100.0 52.0 3.9 2.8 5.2 0.3 35.8

2005–06........................... 28,634 14,659 1,081 826 1,555 105 10,408 100.0 51.2 3.8 2.9 5.4 0.4 36.3

2006–07........................... 30,251 15,268 1,282 892 1,703 96 11,010 100.0 50.5 4.2 2.9 5.6 0.3 36.4

2007–08........................... 31,215 16,168 1,312 977 1,628 115 11,015 100.0 51.8 4.2 3.1 5.2 0.4 35.3

2008–09........................... 32,279 17,094 1,484 1,092 1,770 138 10,701 100.0 53.0 4.6 3.4 5.5 0.4 33.2

Females

1976–77........................... 8,090 6,819 487 139 118 28 499 100.0 84.3 6.0 1.7 1.5 0.3 6.2

1980–813 ......................... 10,244 8,598 571 179 222 35 639 100.0 83.9 5.6 1.7 2.2 0.3 6.2

1989–90........................... 13,970 10,907 618 361 360 49 1,675 100.0 78.1 4.4 2.6 2.6 0.4 12.0

1990–91........................... 14,538 11,002 651 358 487 47 1,993 100.0 75.7 4.5 2.5 3.3 0.3 13.7

1993–94........................... 16,633 12,053 758 437 651 68 2,666 100.0 72.5 4.6 2.6 3.9 0.4 16.0

1994–95........................... 17,530 12,471 937 496 933 72 2,621 100.0 71.1 5.3 2.8 5.3 0.4 15.0

1995–96........................... 17,811 12,661 905 483 949 79 2,734 100.0 71.1 5.1 2.7 5.3 0.4 15.4

1996–97........................... 18,730 13,097 1,070 535 1,022 88 2,918 100.0 69.9 5.7 2.9 5.5 0.5 15.6

1997–98........................... 19,346 13,404 1,243 623 947 103 3,026 100.0 69.3 6.4 3.2 4.9 0.5 15.6

1998–99........................... 18,931 13,112 1,263 677 962 102 2,815 100.0 69.3 6.7 3.6 5.1 0.5 14.9

1999–2000....................... 19,780 13,371 1,370 694 1,064 103 3,178 100.0 67.6 6.9 3.5 5.4 0.5 16.1

2000–01........................... 20,176 13,517 1,352 829 1,134 101 3,243 100.0 67.0 6.7 4.1 5.6 0.5 16.1

2001–02........................... 20,452 13,573 1,473 784 1,077 113 3,432 100.0 66.4 7.2 3.8 5.3 0.6 16.8

2002–03........................... 21,691 14,231 1,607 821 1,181 120 3,731 100.0 65.6 7.4 3.8 5.4 0.6 17.2

2003–04........................... 23,055 14,647 1,885 896 1,339 127 4,161 100.0 63.5 8.2 3.9 5.8 0.6 18.0

2004–05........................... 25,658 16,238 2,007 1,060 1,508 150 4,695 100.0 63.3 7.8 4.1 5.9 0.6 18.3

2005–06........................... 27,433 16,942 2,041 1,056 1,702 125 5,567 100.0 61.8 7.4 3.8 6.2 0.5 20.3

2006–07........................... 30,365 18,803 2,445 1,142 1,838 153 5,984 100.0 61.9 8.1 3.8 6.1 0.5 19.7

2007–08........................... 32,497 20,222 2,594 1,302 1,990 157 6,232 100.0 62.2 8.0 4.0 6.1 0.5 19.2

2008–09........................... 35,437 22,554 2,950 1,448 2,105 194 6,186 100.0 63.6 8.3 4.1 5.9 0.5 17.5
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree,field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitatetrend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and Natural resources and conservation; and “Business” includes Business management, marketing, an

culinary services. Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doc

M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statcation Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 

Table 303. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2008–09 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 67,716 39,648 4,434 2,540 3,875 332 16,887 32,279 17,094 1,484 1,092 1,770 138 10,701 35,437 22,554 

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 1,328 676 31 29 41 6 545 741 362 9 12 17 3 338 587 314 Architecture and related services ........................... 212 87 7 7 22 1 88 113 38 5 6 11 0 53 99 49 Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 239 113 41 9 15 12 49 87 37 15 4 7 4 20 152 76 

Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 6,957 3,822 264 254 573 31 2,013 3,292 1,830 88 120 245 16 993 3,665 1,992 

Business ................................................................. 2,123 1,043 267 55 129 10 619 1,302 648 139 32 77 7 399 821 395 Communications, journalism, and related programs 533 312 41 11 13 3 153 223 136 14 3 3 1 66 310 176 Communications technologies................................ 2200000220000000Computer and information sciences ....................... 1,580 546 34 24 131 2 843 1,226 430 23 20 98 1 654 354 116 

Construction trades ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Education................................................................ 9,028 5,852 1,585 540 301 74 676 2,956 1,994 432 187 87 25 231 6,072 3,858 Engineering ............................................................ 7,931 2,468 156 163 557 21 4,566 6,212 1,867 105 123 401 14 3,702 1,719 601 Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 59 26 4 0 2 0 27 47 22 2 0 1 0 22 12 4 

English language and literature/letters ................... 1,271 956 63 48 59 14 131 464 353 20 18 18 4 51 807 603 

Family and consumer sciences .............................. 333 185 43 12 15 2 76 66 39 10 4 0 0 13 267 146 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 1,111 538 16 116 77 2 362 426 217 8 46 19 0 136 685 321 Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 12,112 9,599 651 400 699 62 701 3,191 2,371 157 127 237 23 276 8,921 7,228 

Legal professions and studies ......................................... 259 99 14 4 8 0 134 138 54 4 2 5 0 73 121 45 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 67 50 10 1 1 0 5 34 26 4 1 0 0 3 33 24 

Library science ....................................................... 35 22 3 0 2 0 8 14 9 0 0 1 0 4 21 13 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 1,535 629 30 38 87 3 748 1,059 456 12 25 57 2 507 476 173 

Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 0000000000000000Military technologies............................................... 0000000000000000Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 1,273 773 98 63 90 3 246 572 328 38 28 33 1 144 701 445 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 285 191 15 7 7 1 64 151 105 6 4 5 0 31 134 86 

Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 686 481 41 12 31 2 119 472 337 26 8 19 2 80 214 144 

Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 5,048 2,451 89 123 227 12 2,146 3,416 1,674 42 79 129 7 1,485 1,632 777 

Precision production ............................................... 0000000000000000Psychology ............................................................. 5,477 4,046 390 328 322 34 357 1,478 1,118 78 81 69 12 120 3,999 2,928 

Public administration and social service professions..... 812 468 104 35 37 4 164 306 166 29 11 8 1 91 506 302 

Security and protective services............................. 97 62 5 4 9 0 17 46 26 2 1 5 0 12 51 36 

Social sciences and history .................................... 4,234 2,324 198 167 200 22 1,323 2,353 1,289 90 90 84 12 788 1,881 1,035 

Social sciences ................................................... 3,316 1,639 147 125 177 17 1,211 1,816 877 66 68 72 8 725 1,500 762 History................................................................. 918 685 51 42 23 5 112 537 412 24 22 12 4 63 381 273 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 1,520 827 189 40 128 2 334 1,166 639 106 31 115 1 274 354 188 

Transportation and materials moving...................... 0000000000000000

Visual and performing arts ..................................... 1,569 1,000 45 50 92 9 373 726 521 20 29 19 2 135 843 479 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes “Construction trades” and “Mechanics and repair technologies,” which are listed separately. NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.

Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree,field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitatetrend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS Fall survey: “Agriculture and natural resources” includes Agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and Natural resources and conservation; and “Business” includes Business management, marketing, an

culinary services. Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doc

M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statcation Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2008. (This table was prepared June 2009.

Table 304. Doctor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2007–08 Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total ............................................... 63,712 36,390 3,906 2,279 3,618 272 17,247 31,215 16,168 1,312 977 1,628 115 11,015 32,497 20,222 

Agriculture and natural resources........................... 1,257 633 31 22 41 8 522 742 389 10 13 17 5 308 515 244 Architecture and related services ........................... 199 66 10 5 26 0 92 103 31 4 4 12 0 52 96 35 Area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies .............. 270 132 41 14 12 7 64 103 50 20 6 2 3 22 167 82 

Biological and biomedical sciences ........................ 6,918 3,690 241 253 595 17 2,122 3,403 1,873 91 118 271 5 1,045 3,515 1,817 

Business ................................................................. 2,084 1,004 228 60 114 15 663 1,250 624 110 39 64 12 401 834 380 Communications, journalism, and related programs 489 275 47 18 18 3 128 206 121 8 7 11 0 59 283 154 Communications technologies................................ 7220003320000140Computer and information sciences ....................... 1,698 526 30 14 102 0 1,026 1,323 410 15 11 80 0 807 375 116 Construction trades ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Education................................................................ 8,491 5,589 1,437 442 283 61 679 2,773 1,906 383 149 58 24 253 5,718 3,683 Engineering ............................................................ 8,112 2,324 140 140 552 16 4,940 6,368 1,788 88 99 385 11 3,997 1,744 536 Engineering technologies1 ...................................... 55 25 2 0 2 0 26 45 21 1 0 2 0 21 10 4 

English language and literature/letters ................... 1,262 977 52 42 65 2 124 453 366 12 22 18 2 33 809 611 

Family and consumer sciences .............................. 323 163 44 12 9 1 94 84 46 6 3 1 0 28 239 117 

Foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics................ 1,078 541 23 84 47 4 379 431 231 7 27 15 3 148 647 310 Health professions and related clinical sciences .... 9,886 7,738 456 359 577 45 711 2,674 1,941 101 125 180 11 316 7,212 5,797 

Legal professions and studies ......................................... 172 30 4 1 5 0 132 104 18 3 0 2 0 81 68 12 

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and 

humanities ........................................................ 76 59 9 2 0 1 5 30 24 4 1 0 0 1 46 35 

Library science ....................................................... 64 34 4 2 3 0 21 21 12 4 0 0 0 5 43 22 Mathematics and statistics ..................................... 1,360 550 25 33 59 2 691 938 376 13 28 33 2 486 422 174 Mechanics and repair technologies ........................ 0000000000000000Military technologies............................................... 0000000000000000Multi/interdisciplinary studies ........................................... 1,142 683 67 50 79 7 256 506 297 24 27 35 2 121 636 386 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ......... 228 151 6 6 6 1 58 126 82 2 4 4 1 33 102 69 

Philosophy and religious studies ............................ 635 449 34 12 39 4 97 442 321 21 10 26 3 61 193 128 

Physical sciences and science technologies .......... 4,804 2,228 92 120 243 8 2,113 3,363 1,579 50 73 146 6 1,509 1,441 649 

Precision production ............................................... 0000000000000000Psychology ............................................................. 5,296 3,935 358 325 317 44 317 1,440 1,112 83 80 68 13 84 3,856 2,823 

Public administration and social service professions..... 760 446 103 39 40 4 128 269 155 22 13 14 1 64 491 291 

Security and protective services............................. 88 55 11 2 4 1 15 39 20 6 1 3 0 9 49 35 

Social sciences and history .................................... 4,059 2,254 185 162 205 15 1,238 2,194 1,191 85 75 84 9 750 1,865 1,063 

Social sciences ................................................... 3,199 1,619 128 121 177 9 1,145 1,705 818 60 54 75 5 693 1,494 801 History................................................................. 860 635 57 41 28 6 93 489 373 25 21 9 4 57 371 262 

Theology and religious vocations ........................... 1,446 886 182 25 87 1 265 1,107 686 117 21 71 0 212 339 200 

Transportation and materials moving...................... 0000000000000000

Visual and performing arts ..................................... 1,453 945 42 35 88 5 338 675 496 22 21 26 2 108 778 449 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 449

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes 394 men and 12 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available. 2Excludes 598 men and 18 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. Includes degrees that require at least 6 years of college work for

completion (including at least 2 years of preprofessional training). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. For 1989–90 and later years, reported racial/ethnic distributions of

students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred”

surveys, 1976–77 and 1980–81; and 1989–90 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:90–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009.

(This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 305. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 

1976–77 through 2008–09

Year and sex

Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/

Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Total

1976–771 ......................... 63,953 58,422 2,537 1,076 1,021 196 701 100.0 91.4 4.0 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.1

1980–812 ......................... 71,340 64,551 2,931 1,541 1,456 192 669 100.0 90.5 4.1 2.2 2.0 0.3 0.9

1989–90........................... 70,988 60,487 3,409 2,425 3,362 257 1,048 100.0 85.2 4.8 3.4 4.7 0.4 1.5

1990–91........................... 71,948 60,631 3,588 2,547 3,835 261 1,086 100.0 84.3 5.0 3.5 5.3 0.4 1.5

1993–94........................... 75,418 60,143 4,444 3,131 5,892 371 1,437 100.0 79.7 5.9 4.2 7.8 0.5 1.9

1994–95........................... 75,800 59,402 4,747 3,231 6,396 413 1,611 100.0 78.4 6.3 4.3 8.4 0.5 2.1

1995–96........................... 76,734 59,525 5,022 3,475 6,627 463 1,622 100.0 77.6 6.5 4.5 8.6 0.6 2.1

1996–97........................... 78,730 60,280 5,301 3,615 7,374 514 1,646 100.0 76.6 6.7 4.6 9.4 0.7 2.1

1997–98........................... 78,598 59,443 5,499 3,552 7,757 561 1,786 100.0 75.6 7.0 4.5 9.9 0.7 2.3

1998–99........................... 78,439 58,720 5,333 3,864 8,152 612 1,758 100.0 74.9 6.8 4.9 10.4 0.8 2.2

1999–2000....................... 80,057 59,637 5,555 3,865 8,584 564 1,852 100.0 74.5 6.9 4.8 10.7 0.7 2.3

2000–01........................... 79,707 58,598 5,416 3,806 9,261 543 2,083 100.0 73.5 6.8 4.8 11.6 0.7 2.6

2001–02........................... 80,698 58,874 5,811 3,965 9,584 581 1,883 100.0 73.0 7.2 4.9 11.9 0.7 2.3

2002–03........................... 80,897 58,740 5,719 4,093 9,798 586 1,961 100.0 72.6 7.1 5.1 12.1 0.7 2.4

2003–04........................... 83,041 60,379 5,930 4,273 9,964 565 1,930 100.0 72.7 7.1 5.1 12.0 0.7 2.3

2004–05........................... 87,289 63,429 6,313 4,445 10,501 564 2,037 100.0 72.7 7.2 5.1 12.0 0.6 2.3

2005–06........................... 87,655 63,590 6,223 4,446 10,645 710 2,041 100.0 72.5 7.1 5.1 12.1 0.8 2.3

2006–07........................... 90,064 64,546 6,474 4,700 11,686 681 1,977 100.0 71.7 7.2 5.2 13.0 0.8 2.2

2007–08........................... 91,309 65,383 6,400 4,840 11,846 675 2,165 100.0 71.6 7.0 5.3 13.0 0.7 2.4

2008–09........................... 92,004 65,439 6,571 5,089 12,182 659 2,064 100.0 71.1 7.1 5.5 13.2 0.7 2.2

Males

1976–771 ......................... 51,980 47,777 1,761 893 776 159 614 100.0 91.9 3.4 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.2

1980–812 ......................... 52,194 47,629 1,772 1,131 991 134 537 100.0 91.3 3.4 2.2 1.9 0.3 1.0

1989–90........................... 43,961 38,036 1,671 1,449 1,962 135 708 100.0 86.5 3.8 3.3 4.5 0.3 1.6

1990–91........................... 43,846 37,533 1,679 1,517 2,211 144 762 100.0 85.6 3.8 3.5 5.0 0.3 1.7

1993–94........................... 44,707 36,574 1,902 1,780 3,214 222 1,015 100.0 81.8 4.3 4.0 7.2 0.5 2.3

1994–95........................... 44,853 36,147 2,077 1,835 3,490 223 1,081 100.0 80.6 4.6 4.1 7.8 0.5 2.4

1995–96........................... 44,748 35,786 2,112 1,947 3,539 256 1,108 100.0 80.0 4.7 4.4 7.9 0.6 2.5

1996–97........................... 45,564 36,008 2,201 1,985 3,959 290 1,121 100.0 79.0 4.8 4.4 8.7 0.6 2.5

1997–98........................... 44,911 35,172 2,310 1,973 4,017 291 1,148 100.0 78.3 5.1 4.4 8.9 0.6 2.6

1998–99........................... 44,339 34,271 2,197 2,064 4,333 333 1,141 100.0 77.3 5.0 4.7 9.8 0.8 2.6

1999–2000....................... 44,239 34,004 2,313 2,095 4,372 285 1,170 100.0 76.9 5.2 4.7 9.9 0.6 2.6

2000–01........................... 42,862 32,717 2,110 1,977 4,518 278 1,262 100.0 76.3 4.9 4.6 10.5 0.6 2.9

2001–02........................... 42,507 32,224 2,223 2,045 4,613 292 1,110 100.0 75.8 5.2 4.8 10.9 0.7 2.6

2002–03........................... 41,887 31,635 2,174 2,050 4,624 296 1,108 100.0 75.5 5.2 4.9 11.0 0.7 2.6

2003–04........................... 42,169 31,994 2,248 2,080 4,528 275 1,044 100.0 75.9 5.3 4.9 10.7 0.7 2.5

2004–05........................... 43,849 33,268 2,257 2,214 4,709 288 1,113 100.0 75.9 5.1 5.0 10.7 0.7 2.5

2005–06........................... 44,038 33,544 2,290 2,123 4,641 332 1,108 100.0 76.2 5.2 4.8 10.5 0.8 2.5

2006–07........................... 45,057 33,866 2,368 2,266 5,152 335 1,070 100.0 75.2 5.3 5.0 11.4 0.7 2.4

2007–08........................... 45,916 34,618 2,389 2,301 5,135 343 1,130 100.0 75.4 5.2 5.0 11.2 0.7 2.5

2008–09........................... 46,900 35,287 2,500 2,403 5,349 329 1,032 100.0 75.2 5.3 5.1 11.4 0.7 2.2

Females

1976–771 ......................... 11,973 10,645 776 183 245 37 87 100.0 88.9 6.5 1.5 2.0 0.3 0.7

1980–812 ......................... 19,146 16,922 1,159 410 465 58 132 100.0 88.4 6.1 2.1 2.4 0.3 0.7

1989–90........................... 27,027 22,451 1,738 976 1,400 122 340 100.0 83.1 6.4 3.6 5.2 0.5 1.3

1990–91........................... 28,102 23,098 1,909 1,030 1,624 117 324 100.0 82.2 6.8 3.7 5.8 0.4 1.2

1993–94........................... 30,711 23,569 2,542 1,351 2,678 149 422 100.0 76.7 8.3 4.4 8.7 0.5 1.4

1994–95........................... 30,947 23,255 2,670 1,396 2,906 190 530 100.0 75.1 8.6 4.5 9.4 0.6 1.7

1995–96........................... 31,986 23,739 2,910 1,528 3,088 207 514 100.0 74.2 9.1 4.8 9.7 0.6 1.6

1996–97........................... 33,166 24,272 3,100 1,630 3,415 224 525 100.0 73.2 9.3 4.9 10.3 0.7 1.6

1997–98........................... 33,687 24,271 3,189 1,579 3,740 270 638 100.0 72.0 9.5 4.7 11.1 0.8 1.9

1998–99........................... 34,100 24,449 3,136 1,800 3,819 279 617 100.0 71.7 9.2 5.3 11.2 0.8 1.8

1999–2000....................... 35,818 25,633 3,242 1,770 4,212 279 682 100.0 71.6 9.1 4.9 11.8 0.8 1.9

2000–01........................... 36,845 25,881 3,306 1,829 4,743 265 821 100.0 70.2 9.0 5.0 12.9 0.7 2.2

2001–02........................... 38,191 26,650 3,588 1,920 4,971 289 773 100.0 69.8 9.4 5.0 13.0 0.8 2.0

2002–03........................... 39,010 27,105 3,545 2,043 5,174 290 853 100.0 69.5 9.1 5.2 13.3 0.7 2.2

2003–04........................... 40,872 28,385 3,682 2,193 5,436 290 886 100.0 69.4 9.0 5.4 13.3 0.7 2.2

2004–05........................... 43,440 30,161 4,056 2,231 5,792 276 924 100.0 69.4 9.3 5.1 13.3 0.6 2.1

2005–06........................... 43,617 30,046 3,933 2,323 6,004 378 933 100.0 68.9 9.0 5.3 13.8 0.9 2.1

2006–07........................... 45,007 30,680 4,106 2,434 6,534 346 907 100.0 68.2 9.1 5.4 14.5 0.8 2.0

2007–08........................... 45,393 30,765 4,011 2,539 6,711 332 1,035 100.0 67.8 8.8 5.6 14.8 0.7 2.3

2008–09........................... 45,104 30,152 4,071 2,686 6,833 330 1,032 100.0 66.8 9.0 6.0 15.1 0.7 2.3
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes degrees that require at least 6 years of college work for completion (including at least 2 years of preprofessional train- ing). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statis

tion Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 201

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.Includes degrees that require at least 6 years of college work for completion (including at least 2 years of preprofessional training). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree,field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistion Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2008. (This table was prepared June 2009.) 

Table 306. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2008–09Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Bl

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total.................. 92,004 65,439 6,571 5,089 12,182 659 2,064 46,900 35,287 2,500 2,403 5,349 329 1,032 45,104 30,152 4,

Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.)....... 4,918 3,005 275 280 991 35 332 2,637 1,840 95 125 416 25 136 2,281 1,165 Medicine (M.D.) ......................... 15,987 10,414 1,095 778 3,384 110 206 8,164 5,577 399 384 1,645 61 98 7,823 4,837 Optometry (O.D.)....................... 1,338 864 40 62 297 3 72 466 342 8 13 80 1 22 872 522 Osteopathic medicine (D.O.)..... 3,665 2,652 150 151 670 18 24 1,798 1,374 43 73 287 8 13 1,867 1,278 Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) ............... 11,291 7,177 801 449 2,524 53 287 4,011 2,646 270 160 816 18 101 7,280 4,531 Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or 

podiatric medicine (D.P.M.). 431 298 39 25 48 8 13 250 193 11 17 19 5 5 181 105 

Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.)..... 2,377 2,083 75 101 92 19 7 526 468 12 16 24 6 0 1,851 1,615  Chiropractic medicine (D.C. or 

D.C.M.) ................................ 2,512 2,038 94 140 154 17 69 1,584 1,327 28 87 88 11 43 928 711 

Naturopathic medicine .............. 78 52 5 1 9 2 9 18 12 3 0 0 0 3 60 40 Law (LL.B. or J.D.)..................... 44,045 33,096 3,162 2,958 3,702 378 749 23,860 18,977 1,172 1,419 1,733 185 374 20,185 14,119 1,Theology (M.Div., M.H.L., B.D., 

or Ord.)................................ 5,362 3,760 835 144 311 16 296 3,586 2,531 459 109 241 9 237 1,776 1,229 

Table 307. First-professional degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by sex, race/ethnicity, and field of study: 2007–08Field of study

Total Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Bl

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

All fields, total.................. 91,309 65,383 6,400 4,840 11,846 675 2,165 45,916 34,618 2,389 2,301 5,135 343 1,130 45,393 30,765 4,

Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.)....... 4,795 3,030 221 261 926 24 333 2,661 1,866 86 119 422 14 154 2,134 1,164 Medicine (M.D.) ......................... 15,646 10,232 1,147 747 3,230 132 158 7,935 5,455 396 363 1,565 66 90 7,711 4,777 Optometry (O.D.)....................... 1,304 822 46 40 305 2 89 445 320 8 12 78 0 27 859 502 Osteopathic medicine (D.O.)..... 3,232 2,388 118 125 550 28 23 1,581 1,235 38 58 230 10 10 1,651 1,153 Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) ............... 10,932 7,053 781 443 2,314 69 272 3,716 2,528 248 137 677 32 94 7,216 4,525 Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or 

podiatric medicine (D.P.M.). 555 375 71 30 61 1 17 305 233 27 12 23 0 10 250 142 

Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.)..... 2,504 2,272 42 78 90 10 12 580 537 9 17 11 5 1 1,924 1,735  Chiropractic medicine (D.C. or 

D.C.M.) ................................ 2,639 2,125 100 120 179 17 98 1,683 1,370 47 73 123 12 58 956 755 

Naturopathic medicine .............. 182 154 5 3 10 3 7 36 30 2 0 2 2 0 146 124 Law (LL.B. or J.D.)..................... 43,769 32,939 3,002 2,821 3,865 370 772 23,197 18,388 1,109 1,378 1,753 189 380 20,572 14,551 1,Theology (M.Div., M.H.L., B.D., 

or Ord.)................................ 5,751 3,993 867 172 316 19 384 3,777 2,656 419 132 251 13 306 1,974 1,337 
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 451

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes degrees in agriculture, agriculture operations, and related sciences and in natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 308. Degrees in agriculture and natural resources conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 

through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1970–71.............................. 12,672 † 12,136 536 2,457 2,313 144 1,086 1,055 31

1971–72.............................. 13,516 6.7 12,779 737 2,680 2,490 190 971 945 26

1972–73.............................. 14,756 9.2 13,661 1,095 2,807 2,588 219 1,059 1,031 28

1973–74.............................. 16,253 10.1 14,684 1,569 2,928 2,640 288 930 897 33

1974–75.............................. 17,528 7.8 15,061 2,467 3,067 2,703 364 991 958 33

1975–76.............................. 19,402 10.7 15,845 3,557 3,340 2,862 478 928 867 61

1976–77.............................. 21,467 10.6 16,690 4,777 3,724 3,177 547 893 831 62

1977–78.............................. 22,650 5.5 17,069 5,581 4,023 3,268 755 971 909 62

1978–79.............................. 23,134 2.1 16,854 6,280 3,994 3,187 807 950 877 73

1979–80.............................. 22,802 -1.4 16,045 6,757 3,976 3,082 894 991 879 112

1980–81.............................. 21,886 -4.0 15,154 6,732 4,003 3,061 942 1,067 940 127

1981–82.............................. 21,029 -3.9 14,443 6,586 4,163 3,114 1,049 1,079 925 154

1982–83.............................. 20,909 -0.6 14,085 6,824 4,254 3,129 1,125 1,149 1,004 145

1983–84.............................. 19,317 -7.6 13,206 6,111 4,178 2,989 1,189 1,172 1,001 171

1984–85.............................. 18,107 -6.3 12,477 5,630 3,928 2,846 1,082 1,213 1,036 177

1985–86.............................. 16,823 -7.1 11,544 5,279 3,801 2,701 1,100 1,158 966 192

1986–87.............................. 14,991 -10.9 10,314 4,677 3,522 2,460 1,062 1,049 871 178

1987–88.............................. 14,222 -5.1 9,744 4,478 3,479 2,427 1,052 1,142 926 216

1988–89.............................. 13,492 -5.1 9,298 4,194 3,245 2,231 1,014 1,183 950 233

1989–90.............................. 12,900 -4.4 8,822 4,078 3,382 2,239 1,143 1,295 1,038 257

1990–91.............................. 13,124 1.7 8,832 4,292 3,295 2,160 1,135 1,185 953 232

1991–92.............................. 15,113 15.2 9,867 5,246 3,730 2,409 1,321 1,205 955 250

1992–93.............................. 16,769 11.0 11,079 5,690 3,959 2,474 1,485 1,159 869 290

1993–94.............................. 18,056 7.7 11,746 6,310 4,110 2,512 1,598 1,262 969 293

1994–95.............................. 19,832 9.8 12,686 7,146 4,234 2,541 1,693 1,256 955 301

1995–96.............................. 21,425 8.0 13,531 7,894 4,551 2,642 1,909 1,259 926 333

1996–97.............................. 22,597 5.5 13,791 8,806 4,505 2,601 1,904 1,202 875 327

1997–98.............................. 23,276 3.0 13,806 9,470 4,464 2,545 1,919 1,290 924 366

1998–99.............................. 23,916 2.7 13,864 10,052 4,404 2,377 2,027 1,231 855 376

1999–2000.......................... 24,238 1.3 13,843 10,395 4,360 2,356 2,004 1,168 803 365

2000–01.............................. 23,370 -3.6 12,840 10,530 4,272 2,251 2,021 1,127 741 386

2001–02.............................. 23,331 -0.2 12,630 10,701 4,503 2,340 2,163 1,148 760 388

2002–03.............................. 23,348 0.1 12,343 11,005 4,492 2,232 2,260 1,229 790 439

2003–04.............................. 22,835 -2.2 11,889 10,946 4,783 2,306 2,477 1,185 758 427

2004–05.............................. 23,002 0.7 11,987 11,015 4,746 2,288 2,458 1,173 763 410

2005–06.............................. 23,053 0.2 12,063 10,990 4,640 2,280 2,360 1,194 710 484

2006–07.............................. 23,133 0.3 12,309 10,824 4,623 2,174 2,449 1,272 768 504

2007–08.............................. 24,113 4.2 12,634 11,479 4,684 2,180 2,504 1,257 742 515

2008–09.............................. 24,988 3.6 13,101 11,887 4,877 2,328 2,549 1,328 741 587

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -4.5 † -14.2 8.9 8.6 -3.0 22.2 -3.7 -11.3 13.6

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 9.4 † 10.2 8.6 2.0 1.0 2.9 12.1 -2.2 37.5
452 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 309. Degrees in architecture and related services conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected 

years, 1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1949–50.............................. 2,563 † 2,441 122 166 159711 0

1959–60.............................. 1,801 † 1,744 57 319 305 14 17 17 0

1967–68.............................. 3,057 † 2,931 126 1,021 953 68 15 15 0

1969–70.............................. 4,105 † 3,888 217 1,427 1,260 167 35 33 2

1970–71.............................. 5,570 35.7 4,906 664 1,705 1,469 236 36 33 3

1971–72.............................. 6,440 15.6 5,667 773 1,899 1,626 273 50 43 7

1972–73.............................. 6,962 8.1 6,042 920 2,307 1,943 364 58 54 4

1973–74.............................. 7,822 12.4 6,665 1,157 2,702 2,208 494 69 65 4

1974–75.............................. 8,226 5.2 6,791 1,435 2,938 2,343 595 69 58 11

1975–76.............................. 9,146 11.2 7,396 1,750 3,215 2,545 670 82 69 13

1976–77.............................. 9,222 0.8 7,249 1,973 3,213 2,489 724 73 62 11

1977–78.............................. 9,250 0.3 7,054 2,196 3,115 2,304 811 73 57 16

1978–79.............................. 9,273 0.2 6,876 2,397 3,113 2,226 887 96 74 22

1979–80.............................. 9,132 -1.5 6,596 2,536 3,139 2,245 894 79 66 13

1980–81.............................. 9,455 3.5 6,800 2,655 3,153 2,234 919 93 73 20

1981–82.............................. 9,728 2.9 6,825 2,903 3,327 2,242 1,085 80 58 22

1982–83.............................. 9,823 1.0 6,403 3,420 3,357 2,224 1,133 97 74 23

1983–84.............................. 9,186 -6.5 5,895 3,291 3,223 2,197 1,026 84 62 22

1984–85.............................. 9,325 1.5 6,019 3,306 3,275 2,148 1,127 89 66 23

1985–86.............................. 9,119 -2.2 5,824 3,295 3,260 2,129 1,131 73 56 17

1986–87.............................. 8,950 -1.9 5,617 3,333 3,163 2,086 1,077 92 66 26

1987–88.............................. 8,603 -3.9 5,271 3,332 3,159 2,042 1,117 98 66 32

1988–89.............................. 9,150 6.4 5,545 3,605 3,383 2,192 1,191 86 63 23

1989–90.............................. 9,364 2.3 5,703 3,661 3,499 2,228 1,271 103 73 30

1990–91.............................. 9,781 4.5 5,788 3,993 3,490 2,244 1,246 135 101 34

1991–92.............................. 8,753 -10.5 5,805 2,948 3,640 2,271 1,369 132 93 39

1992–93.............................. 9,167 4.7 5,940 3,227 3,808 2,376 1,432 148 105 43

1993–94.............................. 8,975 -2.1 5,764 3,211 3,943 2,428 1,515 161 111 50

1994–95.............................. 8,756 -2.4 5,741 3,015 3,923 2,310 1,613 141 95 46

1995–96.............................. 8,352 -4.6 5,340 3,012 3,993 2,361 1,632 141 96 45

1996–97.............................. 7,944 -4.9 5,090 2,854 4,034 2,336 1,698 135 93 42

1997–98.............................. 7,652 -3.7 4,966 2,686 4,347 2,537 1,810 131 80 51

1998–99.............................. 8,246 7.8 5,157 3,089 4,172 2,394 1,778 123 80 43

1999–2000.......................... 8,462 2.6 5,193 3,269 4,268 2,508 1,760 129 85 44

2000–01.............................. 8,480 0.2 5,086 3,394 4,302 2,515 1,787 153 83 70

2001–02.............................. 8,808 3.9 5,224 3,584 4,566 2,606 1,960 183 117 66

2002–03.............................. 9,056 2.8 5,331 3,725 4,925 2,832 2,093 152 83 69

2003–04.............................. 8,838 -2.4 5,059 3,779 5,424 3,049 2,375 173 94 79

2004–05.............................. 9,237 4.5 5,222 4,015 5,674 3,180 2,494 179 110 69

2005–06.............................. 9,515 3.0 5,414 4,101 5,743 3,165 2,578 201 108 93

2006–07.............................. 9,717 2.1 5,393 4,324 5,951 3,304 2,647 178 104 74

2007–08.............................. 9,805 0.9 5,579 4,226 6,065 3,252 2,813 199 103 96

2008–09.............................. 10,119 3.2 5,797 4,322 6,587 3,657 2,930 212 113 99

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 7.2 † -1.9 22.3 30.0 27.4 33.6 40.7 17.5 83.7

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 14.5 † 14.6 14.4 21.4 19.9 23.4 22.5 20.2 25.3
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 453

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1951–52 through 1963–64; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1965–66 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 310. Degrees in the biological and biomedical sciences conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 

Selected years, 1951–52 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1951–52.............................. 11,094 † 8,212 2,882 2,307 1,908 399 764 680 84

1953–54.............................. 9,279 † 6,710 2,569 1,610 1,287 323 1,077 977 100

1955–56.............................. 12,423 † 9,515 2,908 1,759 1,379 380 1,025 908 117

1957–58.............................. 14,308 † 11,159 3,149 1,852 1,448 404 1,125 987 138

1959–60.............................. 15,576 † 11,654 3,922 2,154 1,668 486 1,205 1,086 119

1961–62.............................. 16,915 † 12,136 4,779 2,642 1,982 660 1,338 1,179 159

1963–64.............................. 22,723 † 16,321 6,402 3,296 2,348 948 1,625 1,432 193

1965–66.............................. 26,916 † 19,368 7,548 4,232 3,085 1,147 2,097 1,792 305

1967–68.............................. 31,826 † 22,986 8,840 5,506 3,959 1,547 2,784 2,345 439

1969–70.............................. 34,034 † 23,919 10,115 5,800 3,975 1,825 3,289 2,820 469

1970–71.............................. 35,683 4.8 25,303 10,380 5,623 3,780 1,843 3,595 3,011 584

1971–72.............................. 37,269 4.4 26,314 10,955 5,983 4,050 1,933 3,566 2,963 603

1972–73.............................. 42,205 13.2 29,624 12,581 6,153 4,314 1,839 3,569 2,880 689

1973–74.............................. 48,224 14.3 33,205 15,019 6,405 4,510 1,895 3,342 2,670 672

1974–75.............................. 51,576 7.0 34,559 17,017 6,422 4,551 1,871 3,315 2,598 717

1975–76.............................. 54,085 4.9 35,449 18,636 6,453 4,463 1,990 3,313 2,606 707

1976–77.............................. 53,420 -1.2 34,150 19,270 6,948 4,666 2,282 3,299 2,601 698

1977–78.............................. 51,326 -3.9 31,654 19,672 6,644 4,351 2,293 3,218 2,447 771

1978–79.............................. 48,668 -5.2 29,146 19,522 6,631 4,194 2,437 3,410 2,560 850

1979–80.............................. 46,190 -5.1 26,757 19,433 6,322 4,032 2,290 3,527 2,626 901

1980–81.............................. 43,003 -6.9 24,069 18,934 5,759 3,597 2,162 3,591 2,581 1,010

1981–82.............................. 41,425 -3.7 22,687 18,738 5,667 3,375 2,292 3,611 2,579 1,032

1982–83.............................. 39,767 -4.0 21,483 18,284 5,693 3,284 2,409 3,331 2,268 1,063

1983–84.............................. 38,445 -3.3 20,499 17,946 5,468 3,108 2,360 3,435 2,367 1,068

1984–85.............................. 38,229 -0.6 20,017 18,212 5,100 2,770 2,330 3,408 2,302 1,106

1985–86.............................. 38,320 0.2 19,950 18,370 5,043 2,719 2,324 3,352 2,236 1,116

1986–87.............................. 37,977 -0.9 19,626 18,351 4,980 2,637 2,343 3,397 2,216 1,181

1987–88.............................. 36,576 -3.7 18,202 18,374 4,857 2,520 2,337 3,606 2,338 1,268

1988–89.............................. 35,957 -1.7 17,935 18,022 5,009 2,583 2,426 3,535 2,245 1,290

1989–90.............................. 37,204 3.5 18,305 18,899 4,906 2,492 2,414 3,837 2,425 1,412

1990–91.............................. 39,377 5.8 19,358 20,019 4,796 2,396 2,400 4,034 2,547 1,487

1991–92.............................. 42,781 8.6 20,748 22,033 4,816 2,411 2,405 4,323 2,676 1,647

1992–93.............................. 46,868 9.6 22,795 24,073 4,974 2,505 2,469 4,595 2,767 1,828

1993–94.............................. 51,157 9.2 25,002 26,155 5,390 2,644 2,746 4,724 2,809 1,915

1994–95.............................. 55,790 9.1 26,628 29,162 5,824 2,885 2,939 4,881 2,901 1,980

1995–96.............................. 60,750 8.9 28,782 31,968 6,544 3,180 3,364 5,035 2,929 2,106

1996–97.............................. 63,679 4.8 29,432 34,247 6,925 3,389 3,536 5,094 2,890 2,204

1997–98.............................. 65,583 3.0 29,511 36,072 6,788 3,301 3,487 5,236 2,970 2,266

1998–99.............................. 64,608 -1.5 28,175 36,433 6,913 3,247 3,666 5,024 2,875 2,149

1999–2000.......................... 63,005 -2.5 26,310 36,695 6,781 3,131 3,650 5,180 2,887 2,293

2000–01.............................. 59,865 -5.0 24,293 35,572 6,955 3,043 3,912 4,953 2,757 2,196

2001–02.............................. 59,415 -0.8 23,346 36,069 6,937 2,996 3,941 4,823 2,667 2,156

2002–03.............................. 60,104 1.2 22,918 37,186 6,990 2,981 4,009 5,003 2,714 2,289

2003–04.............................. 61,509 2.3 23,248 38,261 7,657 3,227 4,430 5,242 2,804 2,438

2004–05.............................. 64,611 5.0 24,617 39,994 8,199 3,318 4,881 5,578 2,845 2,733

2005–06.............................. 69,178 7.1 26,651 42,527 8,681 3,654 5,027 5,775 2,933 2,842

2006–07.............................. 75,151 8.6 29,951 45,200 8,747 3,568 5,179 6,354 3,221 3,133

2007–08.............................. 77,854 3.6 31,637 46,217 9,565 4,041 5,524 6,918 3,403 3,515

2008–09.............................. 80,756 3.7 32,925 47,831 9,898 4,200 5,698 6,957 3,292 3,665

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -4.8 † -17.5 5.0 10.8 -0.6 20.8 4.3 -2.5 13.4

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 31.3 † 41.6 25.0 29.3 30.2 28.6 32.7 17.4 50.3
454 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes microbiology, general; medical microbiology and bacteriology; virology; parisitology;

immunology; and microbiological sciences and immunology, other.

2Includes zoology/animal biology; entomology; animal physiology; animal behavior and ethology; wildlife biology; and zoology/animal biology, other.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title

IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred”

surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall

2009. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 311. Degrees in biology, microbiology, and zoology conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree: 1970–71 through 2008–09

Year

Biology, general Microbiology1 Zoology2

Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1970–71.............................. 26,294 2,665 536 1,475 456 365 5,721 1,027 878

1971–72.............................. 27,473 2,943 580 1,548 470 351 5,518 1,040 836

1972–73.............................. 31,185 2,959 627 1,940 517 344 5,763 1,042 803

1973–74.............................. 36,188 3,186 657 2,311 505 384 6,128 1,091 677

1974–75.............................. 38,748 3,109 637 2,767 552 345 6,110 1,039 697

1975–76.............................. 40,163 3,177 624 2,927 585 364 6,077 976 645

1976–77.............................. 39,530 3,322 608 2,884 659 325 5,574 985 696

1977–78.............................. 37,598 3,094 664 2,695 615 353 5,096 958 624

1978–79.............................. 35,962 3,093 663 2,670 597 395 4,738 946 669

1979–80.............................. 33,523 2,911 718 2,631 596 376 4,301 922 639

1980–81.............................. 31,323 2,598 734 2,414 482 370 3,873 881 613

1981–82.............................. 29,651 2,579 678 2,377 470 350 3,615 868 625

1982–83.............................. 28,022 2,354 521 2,324 499 358 3,407 738 533

1983–84.............................. 27,379 2,313 617 2,349 505 388 3,231 700 521

1984–85.............................. 27,593 2,130 658 2,207 471 319 3,069 664 508

1985–86.............................. 27,618 2,173 574 2,257 392 362 2,894 618 548

1986–87.............................. 27,465 2,022 537 2,159 451 380 2,791 623 464

1987–88.............................. 26,838 1,981 576 2,061 404 442 2,537 629 492

1988–89.............................. 26,229 2,097 527 1,833 449 423 2,549 634 466

1989–90.............................. 27,213 1,998 551 1,973 403 441 2,473 548 545

1990–91.............................. 29,285 1,956 632 1,788 343 443 2,641 551 516

1991–92.............................. 31,909 1,995 657 1,750 372 532 2,811 530 494

1992–93.............................. 34,932 2,000 671 1,798 367 621 3,036 559 465

1993–94.............................. 38,103 2,178 665 1,872 359 591 3,162 658 503

1994–95.............................. 41,658 2,350 729 1,992 326 572 3,149 586 487

1995–96.............................. 44,818 2,606 768 2,220 364 606 3,463 677 501

1996–97.............................. 46,632 2,742 693 2,530 363 612 3,438 720 474

1997–98.............................. 47,054 2,617 809 2,926 401 585 3,653 685 465

1998–99.............................. 46,078 2,608 711 2,871 410 547 3,426 604 461

1999–2000.......................... 44,982 2,599 727 3,049 383 551 3,226 616 481

2000–01.............................. 42,310 2,582 780 2,779 334 553 3,045 560 380

2001–02.............................. 42,281 2,424 689 2,622 325 538 2,979 578 413

2002–03.............................. 42,699 2,340 680 2,455 297 507 2,488 379 355

2003–04.............................. 43,465 2,529 681 2,365 350 599 2,454 367 245

2004–05.............................. 45,540 2,564 712 2,318 390 610 2,159 384 268

2005–06.............................. 48,855 2,719 776 2,243 372 612 2,140 384 254

2006–07.............................. 52,527 2,679 788 2,347 369 667 2,223 416 263

2007–08.............................. 54,384 2,935 866 2,458 353 734 2,235 381 281

2008–09.............................. 55,856 2,986 896 2,480 291 716 2,141 347 297

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -5.7 -3.0 -4.2 -17.6 -14.6 9.5 -28.4 -39.2 -46.9

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 28.5 18.1 31.6 4.9 -16.9 19.5 -12.8 -5.4 21.2
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 455

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes degrees in business, management, marketing, and related support services and in personal and culinary services.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1955–56 through 1963–64; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1965–66 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 312. Degrees in business conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1955–56 

through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1955–56.............................. 42,813 † 38,706 4,107 3,280 3,118 162 129 127 2

1957–58.............................. 51,991 † 48,063 3,928 4,223 4,072 151 110 105 5

1959–60.............................. 51,076 † 47,262 3,814 4,643 4,476 167 135 133 2

1961–62.............................. 49,017 † 45,184 3,833 7,691 7,484 207 226 221 5

1963–64.............................. 55,474 † 51,056 4,418 9,251 9,008 243 275 268 7

1965–66.............................. 62,721 † 57,516 5,205 12,959 12,628 331 387 370 17

1967–68.............................. 79,074 † 72,126 6,948 17,795 17,186 609 441 427 14

1969–70.............................. 105,580 † 96,346 9,234 21,561 20,792 769 620 610 10

1970–71.............................. 115,396 9.3 104,936 10,460 26,490 25,458 1,032 774 753 21

1971–72.............................. 121,917 5.7 110,331 11,586 30,509 29,317 1,192 876 857 19

1972–73.............................. 126,717 3.9 113,337 13,380 31,208 29,689 1,519 917 864 53

1973–74.............................. 132,304 4.4 115,363 16,941 32,691 30,557 2,134 922 873 49

1974–75.............................. 133,639 1.0 111,983 21,656 36,315 33,274 3,041 939 900 39

1975–76.............................. 143,171 7.1 114,986 28,185 42,592 37,654 4,938 906 856 50

1976–77.............................. 152,010 6.2 116,394 35,616 46,505 39,852 6,653 839 785 54

1977–78.............................. 160,775 5.8 117,103 43,672 48,347 40,224 8,123 834 760 74

1978–79.............................. 172,392 7.2 119,765 52,627 50,397 40,766 9,631 852 752 100

1979–80.............................. 186,264 8.0 123,639 62,625 55,008 42,744 12,264 767 650 117

1980–81.............................. 200,521 7.7 126,798 73,723 57,888 43,411 14,477 808 686 122

1981–82.............................. 215,190 7.3 130,693 84,497 61,251 44,230 17,021 826 676 150

1982–83.............................. 226,442 5.2 131,451 94,991 64,741 45,987 18,754 770 638 132

1983–84.............................. 229,013 1.1 129,296 99,717 66,129 46,167 19,962 926 727 199

1984–85.............................. 232,282 1.4 127,467 104,815 66,981 46,199 20,782 827 685 142

1985–86.............................. 236,700 1.9 128,415 108,285 66,676 45,927 20,749 923 720 203

1986–87.............................. 240,346 1.5 128,506 111,840 67,093 44,913 22,180 1,062 808 254

1987–88.............................. 242,859 1.0 129,467 113,392 69,230 45,980 23,250 1,063 810 253

1988–89.............................. 246,262 1.4 131,098 115,164 73,065 48,540 24,525 1,100 800 300

1989–90.............................. 248,568 0.9 132,284 116,284 76,676 50,585 26,091 1,093 818 275

1990–91.............................. 249,165 0.2 131,557 117,608 78,255 50,883 27,372 1,185 876 309

1991–92.............................. 256,298 2.9 135,263 121,035 84,517 54,609 29,908 1,242 953 289

1992–93.............................. 256,473 0.1 135,368 121,105 89,425 57,504 31,921 1,346 969 377

1993–94.............................. 246,265 -4.0 128,946 117,319 93,285 59,223 34,062 1,364 980 384

1994–95.............................. 233,895 -5.0 121,663 112,232 93,540 58,931 34,609 1,391 1,011 380

1995–96.............................. 226,623 -3.1 116,545 110,078 93,554 58,400 35,154 1,366 972 394

1996–97.............................. 225,934 -0.3 116,023 109,911 97,204 59,333 37,871 1,336 947 389

1997–98.............................. 232,079 2.7 119,379 112,700 101,652 62,357 39,295 1,290 885 405

1998–99.............................. 240,947 3.8 122,250 118,697 107,477 64,700 42,777 1,201 843 358

1999–2000.......................... 256,070 6.3 128,521 127,549 111,532 67,078 44,454 1,194 812 382

2000–01.............................. 263,515 2.9 132,275 131,240 115,602 68,471 47,131 1,180 783 397

2001–02.............................. 278,217 5.6 138,343 139,874 119,725 70,463 49,262 1,156 746 410

2002–03.............................. 293,391 5.5 145,075 148,316 127,685 75,239 52,446 1,252 820 432

2003–04.............................. 307,149 4.7 152,513 154,636 139,347 80,858 58,489 1,481 960 521

2004–05.............................. 311,574 1.4 155,940 155,634 142,617 82,151 60,466 1,498 901 597

2005–06.............................. 318,042 2.1 159,683 158,359 146,406 83,550 62,856 1,711 1,049 662

2006–07.............................. 327,531 3.0 166,350 161,181 150,211 84,115 66,096 2,029 1,188 841

2007–08.............................. 335,254 2.4 170,978 164,276 155,637 86,258 69,379 2,084 1,250 834

2008–09.............................. 347,985 3.8 177,862 170,123 168,375 91,981 76,394 2,123 1,302 821

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 27.5 † 24.8 30.3 29.7 25.0 36.7 23.3 13.9 45.5

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 13.3 † 16.6 10.0 20.8 13.8 30.6 43.3 35.6 57.6
456 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 313. Degrees in communication, journalism, and related programs and in communications technologies conferred by degree-granting 

institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1970–71.............................. 10,802 † 6,989 3,813 1,856 1,214 642 145 126 19

1971–72.............................. 12,340 14.2 7,964 4,376 2,200 1,443 757 111 96 15

1972–73.............................. 14,317 16.0 9,074 5,243 2,406 1,546 860 139 114 25

1973–74.............................. 17,096 19.4 10,536 6,560 2,640 1,668 972 175 146 29

1974–75.............................. 19,248 12.6 11,455 7,793 2,794 1,618 1,176 165 119 46

1975–76.............................. 21,282 10.6 12,458 8,824 3,126 1,818 1,308 204 154 50

1976–77.............................. 23,214 9.1 12,932 10,282 3,091 1,719 1,372 171 130 41

1977–78.............................. 25,400 9.4 13,480 11,920 3,296 1,673 1,623 191 138 53

1978–79.............................. 26,457 4.2 13,266 13,191 2,882 1,483 1,399 192 138 54

1979–80.............................. 28,616 8.2 13,656 14,960 3,082 1,527 1,555 193 121 72

1980–81.............................. 31,282 9.3 14,179 17,103 3,105 1,448 1,657 182 107 75

1981–82.............................. 34,222 9.4 14,917 19,305 3,327 1,578 1,749 200 136 64

1982–83.............................. 38,647 12.9 16,213 22,434 3,600 1,660 1,940 208 123 85

1983–84.............................. 40,203 4.0 16,662 23,541 3,620 1,578 2,042 216 129 87

1984–85.............................. 42,102 4.7 17,233 24,869 3,657 1,574 2,083 232 141 91

1985–86.............................. 43,145 2.5 17,681 25,464 3,808 1,603 2,205 218 116 102

1986–87.............................. 45,521 5.5 18,201 27,320 3,881 1,584 2,297 275 158 117

1987–88.............................. 46,916 3.1 18,672 28,244 3,916 1,568 2,348 233 133 100

1988–89.............................. 48,889 4.2 19,357 29,532 4,249 1,734 2,515 248 137 111

1989–90.............................. 51,572 5.5 20,374 31,198 4,353 1,705 2,648 272 145 127

1990–91.............................. 53,047 2.9 20,806 32,241 4,327 1,711 2,616 272 150 122

1991–92.............................. 55,144 4.0 21,601 33,543 4,463 1,692 2,771 255 132 123

1992–93.............................. 54,907 -0.4 22,154 32,753 5,179 1,969 3,210 301 146 155

1993–94.............................. 52,033 -5.2 21,484 30,549 5,388 2,088 3,300 345 174 171

1994–95.............................. 48,969 -5.9 20,501 28,468 5,559 2,086 3,473 321 162 159

1995–96.............................. 48,173 -1.6 19,868 28,305 5,561 2,153 3,408 345 190 155

1996–97.............................. 47,894 -0.6 19,771 28,123 5,552 1,989 3,563 300 155 145

1997–98.............................. 50,263 4.9 20,103 30,160 6,097 2,369 3,728 359 171 188

1998–99.............................. 52,460 4.4 20,950 31,510 5,556 2,001 3,555 352 183 169

1999–2000.......................... 57,058 8.8 22,152 34,906 5,525 2,030 3,495 357 168 189

2000–01.............................. 59,191 3.7 22,542 36,649 5,645 1,964 3,681 370 190 180

2001–02.............................. 64,036 8.2 23,692 40,344 5,980 2,169 3,811 383 168 215

2002–03.............................. 69,828 9.0 25,338 44,490 6,495 2,301 4,194 398 179 219

2003–04.............................. 73,002 4.5 25,813 47,189 6,900 2,329 4,571 426 186 240

2004–05.............................. 75,238 3.1 26,926 48,312 7,195 2,535 4,660 468 195 273

2005–06.............................. 76,936 2.3 28,142 48,794 7,745 2,611 5,134 464 207 257

2006–07.............................. 78,420 1.9 29,009 49,411 7,272 2,485 4,787 480 188 292

2007–08.............................. 81,048 3.4 30,384 50,664 7,546 2,580 4,966 496 209 287

2008–09.............................. 83,109 2.5 31,218 51,891 7,567 2,459 5,108 535 225 310

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 39.2 † 23.2 49.8 24.2 16.4 28.6 21.0 1.6 42.0

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 13.8 † 20.9 10.0 9.7 5.6 11.7 25.6 21.0 29.2
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 457

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 314. Degrees in computer and information sciences conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 

1970–71 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1970–71.............................. 2,388 † 2,064 324 1,588 1,424 164 128 125 3

1971–72.............................. 3,402 42.5 2,941 461 1,977 1,752 225 167 155 12

1972–73.............................. 4,304 26.5 3,664 640 2,113 1,888 225 196 181 15

1973–74.............................. 4,756 10.5 3,976 780 2,276 1,983 293 198 189 9

1974–75.............................. 5,033 5.8 4,080 953 2,299 1,961 338 213 199 14

1975–76.............................. 5,652 12.3 4,534 1,118 2,603 2,226 377 244 221 23

1976–77.............................. 6,407 13.4 4,876 1,531 2,798 2,332 466 216 197 19

1977–78.............................. 7,201 12.4 5,349 1,852 3,038 2,471 567 196 181 15

1978–79.............................. 8,719 21.1 6,272 2,447 3,055 2,480 575 236 206 30

1979–80.............................. 11,154 27.9 7,782 3,372 3,647 2,883 764 240 213 27

1980–81.............................. 15,121 35.6 10,202 4,919 4,218 3,247 971 252 227 25

1981–82.............................. 20,267 34.0 13,218 7,049 4,935 3,625 1,310 251 230 21

1982–83.............................. 24,565 21.2 15,641 8,924 5,321 3,813 1,508 262 228 34

1983–84.............................. 32,439 32.1 20,416 12,023 6,190 4,379 1,811 251 225 26

1984–85.............................. 39,121 20.6 24,737 14,384 7,101 5,064 2,037 248 223 25

1985–86.............................. 42,337 8.2 27,208 15,129 8,070 5,658 2,412 344 299 45

1986–87.............................. 39,767 -6.1 25,962 13,805 8,481 5,985 2,496 374 322 52

1987–88.............................. 34,651 -12.9 23,414 11,237 9,197 6,726 2,471 428 380 48

1988–89.............................. 30,560 -11.8 21,143 9,417 9,414 6,775 2,639 551 466 85

1989–90.............................. 27,347 -10.5 19,159 8,188 9,677 6,960 2,717 627 534 93

1990–91.............................. 25,159 -8.0 17,771 7,388 9,324 6,563 2,761 676 584 92

1991–92.............................. 24,821 -1.3 17,685 7,136 9,655 6,980 2,675 772 669 103

1992–93.............................. 24,519 -1.2 17,606 6,913 10,353 7,557 2,796 805 689 116

1993–94.............................. 24,527 # 17,528 6,999 10,568 7,836 2,732 810 685 125

1994–95.............................. 24,737 0.9 17,684 7,053 10,595 7,805 2,790 887 726 161

1995–96.............................. 24,506 -0.9 17,757 6,749 10,579 7,729 2,850 869 743 126

1996–97.............................. 25,422 3.7 18,527 6,895 10,513 7,526 2,987 857 721 136

1997–98.............................. 27,829 9.5 20,372 7,457 11,765 8,343 3,422 858 718 140

1998–99.............................. 30,574 9.9 22,298 8,276 12,858 8,871 3,987 801 650 151

1999–2000.......................... 37,788 23.6 27,185 10,603 14,990 9,978 5,012 779 648 131

2000–01.............................. 44,142 16.8 31,923 12,219 16,911 11,195 5,716 768 632 136

2001–02.............................. 50,365 14.1 36,462 13,903 17,173 11,447 5,726 752 581 171

2002–03.............................. 57,433 14.0 41,950 15,483 19,509 13,267 6,242 816 648 168

2003–04.............................. 59,488 3.6 44,585 14,903 20,143 13,868 6,275 909 709 200

2004–05.............................. 54,111 -9.0 42,125 11,986 18,416 13,136 5,280 1,119 905 214

2005–06.............................. 47,480 -12.3 37,705 9,775 17,055 12,470 4,585 1,416 1,109 307

2006–07.............................. 42,170 -11.2 34,342 7,828 16,232 11,985 4,247 1,595 1,267 328

2007–08.............................. 38,476 -8.8 31,694 6,782 17,087 12,513 4,574 1,698 1,323 375

2008–09.............................. 37,994 -1.3 31,215 6,779 17,907 13,063 4,844 1,580 1,226 354

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 94.6 † 100.0 80.1 56.7 56.3 57.4 13.5 9.1 32.5

2003–04 to 2008–09....... -36.1 † -30.0 -54.5 -11.1 -5.8 -22.8 73.8 72.9 77.0
458 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 315. Degrees in education conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 

through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1949–50.............................. 61,472 † 31,398 30,074 20,069 12,025 8,044 953 797 156

1959–60.............................. 89,002 † 25,556 63,446 33,433 18,057 15,376 1,591 1,279 312

1967–68.............................. 133,965 † 31,926 102,039 63,399 30,672 32,727 4,078 3,250 828

1969–70.............................. 163,964 † 40,420 123,544 78,020 34,832 43,188 5,588 4,479 1,109

1970–71.............................. 176,307 7.5 44,896 131,411 87,666 38,365 49,301 6,041 4,771 1,270

1971–72.............................. 190,880 8.3 49,344 141,536 96,668 41,141 55,527 6,648 5,104 1,544

1972–73.............................. 193,984 1.6 51,300 142,684 103,777 43,298 60,479 6,857 5,191 1,666

1973–74.............................. 184,907 -4.7 48,997 135,910 110,402 44,112 66,290 6,757 4,974 1,783

1974–75.............................. 166,758 -9.8 44,463 122,295 117,841 44,430 73,411 6,975 4,856 2,119

1975–76.............................. 154,437 -7.4 42,004 112,433 126,061 44,831 81,230 7,202 4,826 2,376

1976–77.............................. 143,234 -7.3 39,867 103,367 124,267 42,308 81,959 7,338 4,832 2,506

1977–78.............................. 135,821 -5.2 37,410 98,411 116,916 37,662 79,254 7,018 4,281 2,737

1978–79.............................. 125,873 -7.3 33,743 92,130 109,866 34,410 75,456 7,170 4,174 2,996

1979–80.............................. 118,038 -6.2 30,901 87,137 101,819 30,300 71,519 7,314 4,100 3,214

1980–81.............................. 108,074 -8.4 27,039 81,035 96,713 27,548 69,165 7,279 3,843 3,436

1981–82.............................. 100,932 -6.6 24,380 76,552 91,601 25,339 66,262 6,999 3,612 3,387

1982–83.............................. 97,908 -3.0 23,651 74,257 83,254 22,824 60,430 7,063 3,550 3,513

1983–84.............................. 92,310 -5.7 22,200 70,110 75,700 21,164 54,536 6,914 3,448 3,466

1984–85.............................. 88,078 -4.6 21,254 66,824 74,667 20,539 54,128 6,614 3,174 3,440

1985–86.............................. 87,147 -1.1 20,982 66,165 74,816 20,302 54,514 6,610 3,088 3,522

1986–87.............................. 86,788 -0.4 20,705 66,083 72,619 18,955 53,664 5,905 2,745 3,160

1987–88.............................. 90,928 4.8 20,947 69,981 75,270 18,777 56,493 5,568 2,530 3,038

1988–89.............................. 96,740 6.4 21,643 75,097 79,793 19,616 60,177 5,884 2,522 3,362

1989–90.............................. 105,112 8.7 23,007 82,105 84,890 20,469 64,421 6,503 2,776 3,727

1990–91.............................. 110,807 5.4 23,417 87,390 87,352 20,448 66,904 6,189 2,614 3,575

1991–92.............................. 107,836 -2.7 22,655 85,181 91,225 20,897 70,328 6,423 2,652 3,771

1992–93.............................. 107,578 -0.2 23,199 84,379 94,497 21,857 72,640 6,581 2,712 3,869

1993–94.............................. 107,440 -0.1 24,424 83,016 97,427 22,656 74,771 6,450 2,555 3,895

1994–95.............................. 105,929 -1.4 25,619 80,310 99,835 23,511 76,324 6,475 2,490 3,985

1995–96.............................. 105,384 -0.5 26,214 79,170 104,936 24,955 79,981 6,246 2,404 3,842

1996–97.............................. 105,116 -0.3 26,242 78,874 108,720 25,518 83,202 6,297 2,367 3,930

1997–98.............................. 105,833 0.7 26,285 79,548 113,374 26,814 86,560 6,261 2,334 3,927

1998–99.............................. 107,086 1.2 26,224 80,862 118,048 27,997 90,051 6,394 2,298 4,096

1999–2000.......................... 108,034 0.9 26,103 81,931 123,045 29,081 93,964 6,409 2,295 4,114

2000–01.............................. 105,458 -2.4 24,580 80,878 127,829 29,997 97,832 6,284 2,237 4,047

2001–02.............................. 106,295 0.8 24,049 82,246 135,189 31,907 103,282 6,549 2,211 4,338

2002–03.............................. 105,845 -0.4 22,604 83,241 147,883 34,033 113,850 6,832 2,314 4,518

2003–04.............................. 106,278 0.4 22,802 83,476 162,345 37,843 124,502 7,088 2,403 4,685

2004–05.............................. 105,451 -0.8 22,513 82,938 167,490 38,863 128,627 7,681 2,557 5,124

2005–06.............................. 107,238 1.7 22,448 84,790 174,620 40,700 133,920 7,584 2,664 4,920

2006–07.............................. 105,641 -1.5 22,516 83,125 176,572 40,164 136,408 8,261 2,681 5,580

2007–08.............................. 102,582 -2.9 21,828 80,754 175,880 40,055 135,825 8,491 2,773 5,718

2008–09.............................. 101,708 -0.9 21,159 80,549 178,564 40,324 138,240 9,028 2,956 6,072

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -0.8 † -13.0 3.2 37.5 35.2 38.3 10.9 4.6 14.4

2003–04 to 2008–09....... -4.3 † -7.2 -3.5 10.0 6.6 11.0 27.4 23.0 29.6
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 459

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes degrees in engineering, engineeringrelated technologies, mechanic and repair technologies, and construction trades for

1969–70 and later years.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1969–70 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 316. Degrees in engineering and engineering technologies conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of 

student: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1949–50.............................. 52,246 † 52,071 175 4,496 4,481 15 417 416 1

1959–60.............................. 37,679 † 37,537 142 7,159 7,133 26 786 783 3

1969–70.............................. 44,479 † 44,149 330 15,593 15,421 172 3,681 3,657 24

1970–71.............................. 50,182 12.8 49,775 407 16,947 16,734 213 3,688 3,663 25

1971–72.............................. 51,258 2.1 50,726 532 17,299 17,009 290 3,708 3,685 23

1972–73.............................. 51,384 0.2 50,766 618 16,988 16,694 294 3,513 3,459 54

1973–74.............................. 50,412 -1.9 49,611 801 15,851 15,470 381 3,374 3,318 56

1974–75.............................. 47,131 -6.5 46,105 1,026 15,837 15,426 411 3,181 3,113 68

1975–76.............................. 46,676 -1.0 45,184 1,492 16,800 16,174 626 2,874 2,805 69

1976–77.............................. 49,482 6.0 47,238 2,244 16,659 15,891 768 2,622 2,547 75

1977–78.............................. 56,150 13.5 52,353 3,797 16,887 15,940 947 2,483 2,424 59

1978–79.............................. 62,898 12.0 57,603 5,295 16,012 14,971 1,041 2,545 2,459 86

1979–80.............................. 69,387 10.3 62,877 6,510 16,765 15,535 1,230 2,546 2,447 99

1980–81.............................. 75,355 8.6 67,573 7,782 17,216 15,761 1,455 2,608 2,499 109

1981–82.............................. 80,632 7.0 71,305 9,327 18,475 16,747 1,728 2,676 2,532 144

1982–83.............................. 89,811 11.4 78,673 11,138 19,949 18,038 1,911 2,871 2,742 129

1983–84.............................. 95,295 6.1 82,841 12,454 21,197 18,916 2,281 3,032 2,864 168

1984–85.............................. 97,099 1.9 83,991 13,108 22,124 19,688 2,436 3,269 3,055 214

1985–86.............................. 97,122 # 84,050 13,072 22,146 19,545 2,601 3,456 3,220 236

1986–87.............................. 93,560 -3.7 80,543 13,017 23,101 20,137 2,964 3,854 3,585 269

1987–88.............................. 89,406 -4.4 76,886 12,520 23,839 20,815 3,024 4,237 3,941 296

1988–89.............................. 85,982 -3.8 74,020 11,962 25,066 21,731 3,335 4,572 4,160 412

1989–90.............................. 82,480 -4.1 70,859 11,621 25,294 21,753 3,541 5,030 4,576 454

1990–91.............................. 79,751 -3.3 68,482 11,269 25,450 21,780 3,670 5,330 4,834 496

1991–92.............................. 78,058 -2.1 67,104 10,954 26,430 22,444 3,986 5,533 4,998 535

1992–93.............................. 78,662 0.8 67,248 11,414 29,149 24,758 4,391 5,894 5,322 572

1993–94.............................. 78,662 0.0 66,920 11,742 30,172 25,453 4,719 6,011 5,339 672

1994–95.............................. 78,569 -0.1 66,223 12,346 30,031 25,090 4,941 6,173 5,435 738

1995–96.............................. 78,086 -0.6 65,430 12,656 28,946 23,928 5,018 6,431 5,623 808

1996–97.............................. 75,757 -3.0 63,066 12,691 27,106 22,114 4,992 6,250 5,476 774

1997–98.............................. 74,649 -1.5 61,955 12,694 27,327 21,867 5,460 6,038 5,294 744

1998–99.............................. 72,665 -2.7 59,703 12,962 26,738 21,394 5,344 5,461 4,676 785

1999–2000.......................... 73,419 1.0 59,741 13,678 26,726 21,100 5,626 5,421 4,582 839

2000–01.............................. 72,975 -0.6 59,564 13,411 27,272 21,405 5,867 5,604 4,669 935

2001–02.............................. 74,679 2.3 60,474 14,205 27,057 21,263 5,794 5,245 4,332 913

2002–03.............................. 77,319 3.5 62,884 14,435 30,670 24,170 6,500 5,333 4,415 918

2003–04.............................. 78,227 1.2 63,502 14,725 35,197 27,667 7,530 5,981 4,923 1,058

2004–05.............................. 79,743 1.9 65,164 14,579 35,133 27,161 7,972 6,601 5,368 1,233

2005–06.............................. 81,610 2.3 67,013 14,597 33,530 25,666 7,864 7,471 5,963 1,508

2006–07.............................. 82,072 0.6 68,230 13,842 32,162 24,865 7,297 8,123 6,422 1,701

2007–08.............................. 83,853 2.2 69,724 14,129 34,592 26,574 8,018 8,167 6,413 1,754

2008–09.............................. 84,636 0.9 70,675 13,961 38,205 29,595 8,610 7,990 6,259 1,731

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 7.7 † 6.4 13.6 31.6 29.3 40.9 9.5 5.3 34.8

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 8.2 † 11.3 -5.2 8.5 7.0 14.3 33.6 27.1 63.6
460 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. From 1970–71 through 1981–82, civil engineering

includes construction and transportation engineering. From 1991–92, civil engineering

includes geotechnical, structural, transportation, and water resources engineering.

Degrees in engineering technologies are not included in this table.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 317. Degrees in chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree: 

1970–71 through 2008–09

Year

Chemical engineering Civil engineering

Electrical, electronics, 

and communications engineering Mechanical engineering

Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1970–71.............................. 3,579 1,100 406 6,526 2,425 446 12,198 4,282 879 8,858 2,237 438

1971–72.............................. 3,625 1,154 394 6,803 2,487 415 12,101 4,206 824 8,530 2,282 411

1972–73.............................. 3,578 1,051 397 7,390 2,627 397 12,313 3,895 791 8,523 2,141 370

1973–74.............................. 3,399 1,044 400 8,017 2,652 368 11,316 3,499 705 7,677 1,843 385

1974–75.............................. 3,070 990 346 7,651 2,769 356 10,161 3,469 701 6,890 1,858 340

1975–76.............................. 3,140 1,031 308 7,923 2,999 370 9,791 3,774 649 6,800 1,907 305

1976–77.............................. 3,524 1,086 291 8,228 2,964 309 9,936 3,788 566 7,703 1,952 283

1977–78.............................. 4,569 1,235 259 9,135 2,685 277 11,133 3,740 503 8,875 1,942 279

1978–79.............................. 5,568 1,149 304 9,809 2,646 253 12,338 3,591 586 10,107 1,877 271

1979–80.............................. 6,320 1,270 284 10,326 2,683 270 13,821 3,836 525 11,808 2,060 281

1980–81.............................. 6,527 1,267 300 10,678 2,891 325 14,938 3,901 535 13,329 2,291 276

1981–82.............................. 6,740 1,285 311 10,524 2,995 329 16,455 4,462 526 13,922 2,399 333

1982–83.............................. 7,185 1,368 319 9,989 3,074 340 18,049 4,531 550 15,675 2,511 299

1983–84.............................. 7,475 1,514 330 9,693 3,146 369 19,943 5,078 585 16,629 2,797 319

1984–85.............................. 7,146 1,544 418 9,162 3,172 377 21,691 5,153 660 16,794 3,053 409

1985–86.............................. 5,877 1,361 446 8,679 2,926 395 23,742 5,534 722 16,194 3,075 426

1986–87.............................. 4,991 1,184 497 8,147 2,901 451 24,547 6,183 724 15,450 3,198 528

1987–88.............................. 3,917 1,088 579 7,488 2,836 481 23,597 6,688 860 14,900 3,329 596

1988–89.............................. 3,663 1,093 602 7,312 2,903 505 21,908 7,028 998 14,843 3,498 633

1989–90.............................. 3,430 1,035 562 7,252 2,812 516 20,711 7,225 1,162 14,336 3,424 742

1990–91.............................. 3,444 903 611 7,314 2,927 536 19,320 7,095 1,220 13,977 3,516 757

1991–92.............................. 3,754 956 590 8,034 3,113 540 17,958 7,360 1,282 14,067 3,653 851

1992–93.............................. 4,459 990 595 8,868 3,610 577 17,281 7,870 1,413 14,464 3,982 871

1993–94.............................. 5,163 1,032 604 9,479 3,873 651 15,823 7,791 1,470 15,030 4,099 887

1994–95.............................. 5,901 1,085 571 9,927 4,077 625 14,929 7,693 1,543 14,794 4,213 890

1995–96.............................. 6,319 1,176 670 10,607 3,905 616 13,900 7,103 1,591 14,177 3,881 940

1996–97.............................. 6,564 1,131 650 10,437 3,833 640 13,336 6,393 1,512 13,493 3,608 913

1997–98.............................. 6,319 1,128 652 9,926 3,795 610 12,995 6,737 1,458 13,071 3,441 933

1998–99.............................. 6,033 1,130 572 9,121 3,648 543 12,531 6,690 1,303 12,705 3,258 774

1999–2000.......................... 5,807 1,078 590 8,136 3,433 543 12,930 6,926 1,392 12,807 3,273 776

2000–01.............................. 5,611 1,083 610 7,588 3,310 571 13,091 6,815 1,417 12,817 3,371 849

2001–02.............................. 5,462 973 605 7,665 3,295 574 13,056 6,587 1,235 13,058 3,391 772

2002–03.............................. 5,109 1,065 542 7,836 3,596 599 13,627 7,621 1,256 13,693 3,695 747

2003–04.............................. 4,742 1,165 623 7,827 3,790 636 14,123 9,511 1,440 14,050 4,420 787

2004–05.............................. 4,397 1,183 773 8,186 3,834 713 14,171 9,054 1,566 14,609 4,637 915

2005–06.............................. 4,326 1,116 819 9,090 3,768 750 13,966 8,123 1,860 15,850 4,443 1,096

2006–07.............................. 4,492 957 835 9,671 3,482 805 13,089 7,777 2,042 16,601 4,294 1,106

2007–08.............................. 4,795 933 853 10,455 3,595 752 12,375 8,631 1,996 17,367 4,497 1,109

2008–09.............................. 5,036 994 789 10,785 3,794 762 11,619 9,178 1,811 17,352 4,620 1,142

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -21.4 3.1 8.9 -14.2 3.9 17.1 12.7 42.2 10.5 10.6 35.7 1.7

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 6.2 -14.7 26.6 37.8 0.1 19.8 -17.7 -3.5 25.8 23.5 4.5 45.1
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 461

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 318. Degrees in English language and literature/letters conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 

Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1949–50.............................. 17,240 † 8,221 9,019 2,259 1,320 939 230 181 49

1959–60.............................. 20,128 † 7,580 12,548 2,931 1,458 1,473 397 314 83

1967–68.............................. 47,977 † 15,700 32,277 7,916 3,434 4,482 977 717 260

1969–70.............................. 56,410 † 18,650 37,760 8,517 3,326 5,191 1,213 837 376

1970–71.............................. 63,914 13.3 22,005 41,909 10,441 4,126 6,315 1,554 1,107 447

1971–72.............................. 63,707 -0.3 22,580 41,127 10,412 4,066 6,346 1,734 1,173 561

1972–73.............................. 60,607 -4.9 22,022 38,585 10,035 3,988 6,047 1,817 1,189 628

1973–74.............................. 54,190 -10.6 20,082 34,108 9,573 3,824 5,749 1,755 1,142 613

1974–75.............................. 47,062 -13.2 17,689 29,373 9,178 3,463 5,715 1,595 974 621

1975–76.............................. 41,452 -11.9 15,898 25,554 8,599 3,290 5,309 1,514 895 619

1976–77.............................. 37,343 -9.9 14,135 23,208 7,824 2,907 4,917 1,373 768 605

1977–78.............................. 34,799 -6.8 12,972 21,827 7,444 2,623 4,821 1,272 698 574

1978–79.............................. 33,218 -4.5 12,085 21,133 6,503 2,307 4,196 1,186 639 547

1979–80.............................. 32,187 -3.1 11,237 20,950 6,026 2,181 3,845 1,196 635 561

1980–81.............................. 31,922 -0.8 11,082 20,840 5,742 2,026 3,716 1,040 497 543

1981–82.............................. 33,078 3.6 11,300 21,778 5,593 1,916 3,677 986 467 519

1982–83.............................. 31,327 -5.3 10,699 20,628 4,866 1,653 3,213 877 419 458

1983–84.............................. 32,296 3.1 11,007 21,289 4,814 1,681 3,133 899 413 486

1984–85.............................. 32,686 1.2 11,195 21,491 4,987 1,723 3,264 915 414 501

1985–86.............................. 34,083 4.3 11,657 22,426 5,335 1,811 3,524 895 390 505

1986–87.............................. 35,667 4.6 12,133 23,534 5,298 1,819 3,479 853 367 486

1987–88.............................. 38,106 6.8 12,687 25,419 5,366 1,796 3,570 858 380 478

1988–89.............................. 41,786 9.7 13,729 28,057 5,716 1,930 3,786 929 405 524

1989–90.............................. 46,803 12.0 15,437 31,366 6,317 2,125 4,192 986 444 542

1990–91.............................. 51,064 9.1 16,891 34,173 6,784 2,203 4,581 1,056 469 587

1991–92.............................. 54,250 6.2 18,314 35,936 7,215 2,441 4,774 1,142 484 658

1992–93.............................. 55,289 1.9 19,007 36,282 7,537 2,570 4,967 1,201 495 706

1993–94.............................. 53,150 -3.9 18,214 34,936 7,611 2,620 4,991 1,205 512 693

1994–95.............................. 51,170 -3.7 17,581 33,589 7,612 2,672 4,940 1,393 589 804

1995–96.............................. 49,928 -2.4 17,007 32,921 7,657 2,727 4,930 1,395 535 860

1996–97.............................. 48,641 -2.6 16,325 32,316 7,487 2,650 4,837 1,431 610 821

1997–98.............................. 49,016 0.8 16,280 32,736 7,587 2,568 5,019 1,489 611 878

1998–99.............................. 49,800 1.6 16,285 33,515 7,288 2,442 4,846 1,407 560 847

1999–2000.......................... 50,106 0.6 16,124 33,982 7,022 2,315 4,707 1,470 611 859

2000–01.............................. 50,569 0.9 15,997 34,572 6,763 2,160 4,603 1,330 533 797

2001–02.............................. 52,375 3.6 16,457 35,918 7,097 2,270 4,827 1,291 532 759

2002–03.............................. 53,699 2.5 16,738 36,961 7,428 2,433 4,995 1,246 492 754

2003–04.............................. 53,984 0.5 16,792 37,192 7,956 2,459 5,497 1,207 479 728

2004–05.............................. 54,379 0.7 17,154 37,225 8,468 2,615 5,853 1,212 494 718

2005–06.............................. 55,096 1.3 17,316 37,780 8,845 2,860 5,985 1,254 510 744

2006–07.............................. 55,122 # 17,475 37,647 8,742 2,867 5,875 1,178 478 700

2007–08.............................. 55,038 # 17,681 37,357 9,161 3,027 6,134 1,262 453 809

2008–09.............................. 55,462 0.8 17,973 37,489 9,261 3,001 6,260 1,271 464 807

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 8.4 † 3.1 11.0 9.2 0.7 13.4 -14.2 -14.5 -14.0

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 2.7 † 7.0 0.8 16.4 22.0 13.9 5.3 -3.1 10.9
462 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Includes degrees conferred in a single language or a combination of modern foreign languages. Excludes degrees in linguistics,

Latin, classics, ancient and Middle/Near Eastern biblical and Semitic languages, ancient/

classical Greek, Sanskrit and classical Indian languages, American sign language, linguistics of sign languages, and sign language interpretation and translation. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 319. Degrees in modern foreign languages and literatures conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 

Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1949–50.............................. 4,477 † 1,746 2,731 919 456 463 168 135 33

1959–60.............................. 4,527 † 1,548 2,979 832 392 440 150 100 50

1967–68.............................. 17,499 † 4,450 13,049 3,911 1,555 2,356 491 336 155

1969–70.............................. 19,457 † 4,921 14,536 4,154 1,476 2,678 590 369 221

1970–71.............................. 19,806 1.8 4,994 14,812 4,847 1,668 3,179 854 536 318

1971–72.............................. 18,673 -5.7 4,635 14,038 4,692 1,633 3,059 911 575 336

1972–73.............................. 18,989 1.7 4,589 14,400 4,422 1,578 2,844 1,092 650 442

1973–74.............................. 18,807 -1.0 4,486 14,321 4,105 1,399 2,706 1,035 575 460

1974–75.............................. 17,842 -5.1 4,174 13,668 4,004 1,330 2,674 969 504 465

1975–76.............................. 15,731 -11.8 3,718 12,013 3,670 1,235 2,435 1,010 514 496

1976–77.............................. 14,162 -10.0 3,416 10,746 3,293 1,019 2,274 875 430 445

1977–78.............................. 13,037 -7.9 3,127 9,910 2,913 870 2,043 768 351 417

1978–79.............................. 11,957 -8.3 2,845 9,112 2,563 771 1,792 765 363 402

1979–80.............................. 11,315 -5.4 2,783 8,532 2,376 704 1,672 639 278 361

1980–81.............................. 10,464 -7.5 2,542 7,922 2,255 739 1,516 708 328 380

1981–82.............................. 10,014 -4.3 2,426 7,588 2,170 671 1,499 646 281 365

1982–83.............................. 10,026 0.1 2,560 7,466 1,891 633 1,258 594 254 340

1983–84.............................. 9,829 -2.0 2,611 7,218 1,929 602 1,327 565 242 323

1984–85.............................. 10,357 5.4 2,719 7,638 1,879 597 1,282 558 236 322

1985–86.............................. 10,407 0.5 2,884 7,523 1,870 562 1,308 523 206 317

1986–87.............................. 10,740 3.2 2,988 7,752 1,918 586 1,332 545 230 315

1987–88.............................. 10,513 -2.1 2,839 7,674 2,028 665 1,363 534 228 306

1988–89.............................. 11,376 8.2 3,037 8,339 2,110 654 1,456 512 216 296

1989–90.............................. 11,991 5.4 3,185 8,806 2,225 674 1,551 599 239 360

1990–91.............................. 12,704 5.9 3,526 9,178 2,282 710 1,572 647 274 373

1991–92.............................. 13,300 4.7 3,679 9,621 2,400 738 1,662 706 284 422

1992–93.............................. 13,904 4.5 3,848 10,056 2,683 857 1,826 717 287 430

1993–94.............................. 13,761 -1.0 3,960 9,801 2,699 830 1,869 747 273 474

1994–95.............................. 13,196 -4.1 3,949 9,247 2,578 790 1,788 814 335 479

1995–96.............................. 13,337 1.1 3,881 9,456 2,562 792 1,770 746 292 454

1996–97.............................. 13,053 -2.1 3,792 9,261 2,470 753 1,717 793 316 477

1997–98.............................. 13,618 4.3 3,926 9,692 2,367 715 1,652 819 327 492

1998–99.............................. 14,163 4.0 4,084 10,079 2,267 657 1,610 757 294 463

1999–2000.......................... 14,186 0.2 3,939 10,247 2,228 669 1,559 804 311 493

2000–01.............................. 14,292 0.7 3,966 10,326 2,244 664 1,580 818 294 524

2001–02.............................. 14,236 -0.4 3,945 10,291 2,284 648 1,636 780 313 467

2002–03.............................. 14,854 4.3 4,202 10,652 2,256 600 1,656 749 282 467

2003–04.............................. 15,408 3.7 4,362 11,046 2,307 662 1,645 743 278 465

2004–05.............................. 16,008 3.9 4,494 11,514 2,517 736 1,781 762 295 467

2005–06.............................. 16,762 4.7 4,814 11,948 2,637 742 1,895 777 296 481

2006–07.............................. 17,344 3.5 5,059 12,285 2,577 731 1,846 748 288 460

2007–08.............................. 17,866 3.0 5,078 12,788 2,650 757 1,893 773 271 502

2008–09.............................. 18,073 1.2 5,168 12,905 2,535 810 1,725 777 286 491

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 8.8 † 6.8 9.6 1.8 0.8 2.2 -1.8 -5.4 0.4

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 17.3 † 18.5 16.8 9.9 22.4 4.9 4.6 2.9 5.6
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 463

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared July 2010.)

Table 320. Degrees in French, German, Italian, and Spanish conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree: Selected years, 

1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

French German Italian Spanish

Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1949–50.............................. 1,471 299 53 540 121 40 — — — 2,122 373 34

1959–60.............................. 1,927 316 58 659 126 21 — — — 1,610 261 31

1967–68.............................. 7,068 1,301 152 2,368 771 117 — — — 6,381 1,188 123

1969–70.............................. 7,624 1,409 181 2,652 669 118 242 71 14 7,226 1,372 139

1970–71.............................. 7,306 1,437 192 2,601 690 144 201 87 10 7,068 1,456 168

1971–72.............................. 6,822 1,421 193 2,477 608 167 287 104 19 6,847 1,421 152

1972–73.............................. 6,705 1,277 203 2,520 598 176 313 78 27 7,209 1,298 206

1973–74.............................. 6,263 1,195 213 2,425 550 149 292 81 19 7,250 1,217 203

1974–75.............................. 5,745 1,077 200 2,289 480 147 329 100 13 6,719 1,228 202

1975–76.............................. 4,783 914 190 1,983 471 164 342 85 19 5,984 1,080 176

1976–77.............................. 4,228 875 177 1,820 394 126 325 89 16 5,359 930 153

1977–78.............................. 3,708 692 155 1,647 357 101 301 58 19 4,832 822 113

1978–79.............................. 3,558 576 143 1,524 344 106 236 60 14 4,563 720 118

1979–80.............................. 3,285 513 128 1,466 309 94 272 49 9 4,331 685 103

1980–81.............................. 3,178 460 115 1,286 294 79 205 65 13 3,870 592 131

1981–82.............................. 3,054 485 92 1,327 324 76 208 55 14 3,633 568 140

1982–83.............................. 2,871 360 106 1,367 281 68 224 45 18 3,349 506 129

1983–84.............................. 2,876 418 86 1,292 241 63 206 41 13 3,254 537 102

1984–85.............................. 2,991 385 74 1,411 240 58 190 44 9 3,415 505 115

1985–86.............................. 3,015 409 86 1,396 249 73 240 42 10 3,385 521 95

1986–87.............................. 3,062 421 85 1,366 234 70 219 53 17 3,450 504 104

1987–88.............................. 3,082 437 89 1,350 244 71 224 45 7 3,416 553 93

1988–89.............................. 3,297 444 83 1,428 263 59 239 45 17 3,748 552 101

1989–90.............................. 3,259 478 115 1,437 253 67 247 38 19 4,176 573 108

1990–91.............................. 3,355 480 98 1,543 242 58 253 36 21 4,480 609 125

1991–92.............................. 3,371 465 112 1,616 273 85 238 55 18 4,768 647 143

1992–93.............................. 3,280 513 98 1,572 317 86 274 50 13 5,233 667 145

1993–94.............................. 3,094 479 104 1,580 298 61 264 47 24 5,505 691 160

1994–95.............................. 2,764 470 118 1,352 278 83 271 69 31 5,602 709 161

1995–96.............................. 2,655 446 113 1,290 305 75 232 44 22 5,995 769 151

1996–97.............................. 2,468 414 119 1,214 281 80 234 49 18 6,161 677 175

1997–98.............................. 2,530 389 104 1,181 209 94 252 60 25 6,595 781 160

1998–99.............................. 2,555 357 116 1,246 238 77 260 41 12 6,964 694 152

1999–2000.......................... 2,514 343 129 1,125 184 76 237 48 13 7,031 718 175

2000–01.............................. 2,371 376 115 1,143 242 73 286 42 11 7,164 716 185

2001–02.............................. 2,396 356 89 1,092 208 64 263 46 15 7,243 792 193

2002–03.............................. 2,294 348 75 1,097 188 77 307 54 20 7,619 791 190

2003–04.............................. 2,362 361 85 1,031 153 30 279 49 31 7,991 833 199

2004–05.............................. 2,394 356 80 1,103 180 56 277 70 12 8,304 919 190

2005–06.............................. 2,410 395 84 1,106 172 48 321 94 17 8,690 981 192

2006–07.............................. 2,462 364 95 1,055 158 56 280 97 20 9,013 982 195

2007–08.............................. 2,432 359 102 1,085 173 51 359 88 25 9,278 990 193

2008–09.............................. 2,450 386 86 1,058 163 47 341 76 34 9,331 878 218

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -7.6 1.1 -26.7 -17.3 -35.7 -61.0 7.3 19.5 158.3 14.7 20.0 30.9

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 3.7 6.9 1.2 2.6 6.5 56.7 22.2 55.1 9.7 16.8 5.4 9.5
464 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1969–70 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87-99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 321. Degrees in Arabic, Chinese, Korean, and Russian conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree: 1969–70 through 

2008–09

Year

Arabic Chinese Korean Russian

Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1969–70.............................. — — — 81 34 0 — — — 768 172 24

1970–71.............................. 15 6 4 89 22 8 — — — 715 110 14

1971–72.............................. 10 4 0 103 20 11 — — — 658 150 15

1972–73.............................. 12 3 1 98 29 13 — — — 622 120 27

1973–74.............................. 20 5 1 121 37 5 — — — 624 100 27

1974–75.............................. 13 11 2 141 26 12 — — — 598 106 20

1975–76.............................. 10 7 2 150 23 6 — — — 531 81 13

1976–77.............................. 7 15 1 112 32 6 — — — 528 66 19

1977–78.............................. 8 3 1 116 23 4 — — — 442 50 12

1978–79.............................. 4 4 5 91 22 12 — — — 465 51 9

1979–80.............................. 13 2 5 79 33 7 — — — 402 60 6

1980–81.............................. 6 7 0 73 20 6 — — — 409 68 8

1981–82.............................. 15 4 4 68 14 10 — — — 324 49 7

1982–83.............................. 12 4 1 92 15 7 — — — 342 33 5

1983–84.............................. 6 2 0 115 14 10 — — — 340 39 3

1984–85.............................. 9 4 0 97 21 3 — — — 432 47 6

1985–86.............................. 5 4 0 87 23 11 — — — 493 33 3

1986–87.............................. 8 1 1 110 16 10 — — — 502 54 8

1987–88.............................. 9 4 0 103 31 9 — — — 472 54 8

1988–89.............................. 6 2 1 138 27 8 — — — 469 55 6

1989–90.............................. 4 0 1 144 33 8 — — — 549 52 5

1990–91.............................. 9 0 1 150 24 9 — — — 593 70 6

1991–92.............................. 13 0 0 183 36 14 — — — 629 68 7

1992–93.............................. 8 3 2 129 54 8 — — — 612 68 4

1993–94.............................. 8 2 0 112 48 18 — — — 611 71 3

1994–95.............................. 10 1 1 107 63 16 — — — 572 66 3

1995–96.............................. 8 3 2 136 42 19 — — — 494 58 7

1996–97.............................. 9 3 0 152 31 15 — — — 455 46 9

1997–98.............................. 16 2 1 161 21 13 — — — 383 49 9

1998–99.............................. 13 3 1 178 20 14 — — — 394 29 4

1999–2000.......................... 6 4 5 183 18 15 — — — 340 33 10

2000–01.............................. 7 2 3 183 13 7 — — — 335 24 7

2001–02.............................. 13 2 2 189 16 12 — — — 277 34 5

2002–03.............................. 13 3 0 190 12 9 5 0 0 271 16 6

2003–04.............................. 13 3 1 186 15 5 9 2 1 301 21 3

2004–05.............................. 21 5 0 208 21 8 8 0 0 298 18 0

2005–06.............................. 26 4 2 241 20 10 17 4 3 279 28 7

2006–07.............................. 68 2 0 261 30 2 13 0 0 311 18 4

2007–08.............................. 57 8 1 289 35 5 15 4 1 294 20 1

2008–09.............................. 85 14 1 384 45 11 24 2 1 325 21 1

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 -25.0 -64.3 † † † -23.6 -27.6 -25.0

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 553.8 366.7 0.0 106.5 200.0 120.0 166.7 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 -66.7
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 465

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Excludes degrees awarded in first-professional fields, such as medicine (M.D.) and dentistry (D.D.S. and D.M.D.).

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 322. Degrees in the health professions and related sciences conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of 

student: 1970–71 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1970–71.............................. 25,223 † 5,785 19,438 5,330 2,165 3,165 518 437 81

1971–72.............................. 28,611 13.4 7,005 21,606 6,811 2,749 4,062 459 376 83

1972–73.............................. 33,562 17.3 7,752 25,810 7,978 3,189 4,789 685 519 166

1973–74.............................. 41,421 23.4 9,347 32,074 9,232 3,444 5,788 645 507 138

1974–75.............................. 49,002 18.3 10,844 38,158 10,277 3,686 6,591 666 481 185

1975–76.............................. 53,885 10.0 11,386 42,499 12,164 3,837 8,327 617 444 173

1976–77.............................. 57,222 6.2 11,896 45,326 12,627 3,865 8,762 578 402 176

1977–78.............................. 59,445 3.9 11,600 47,845 14,027 3,972 10,055 704 454 250

1978–79.............................. 62,095 4.5 11,214 50,881 15,110 4,155 10,955 731 463 268

1979–80.............................. 63,848 2.8 11,330 52,518 15,374 4,060 11,314 821 467 354

1980–81.............................. 63,665 -0.3 10,531 53,134 16,176 4,024 12,152 868 499 369

1981–82.............................. 63,660 # 10,110 53,550 16,212 3,743 12,469 956 527 429

1982–83.............................. 65,642 3.1 10,247 55,395 16,941 4,138 12,803 1,093 615 478

1983–84.............................. 65,305 -0.5 10,068 55,237 17,351 4,124 13,227 1,077 528 549

1984–85.............................. 65,331 # 9,741 55,590 17,442 4,046 13,396 1,142 546 596

1985–86.............................. 65,309 # 9,629 55,680 18,603 4,355 14,248 1,139 547 592

1986–87.............................. 63,963 -2.1 9,137 54,826 18,442 3,818 14,624 1,120 518 602

1987–88.............................. 61,614 -3.7 8,955 52,659 18,774 4,004 14,770 1,188 516 672

1988–89.............................. 59,850 -2.9 8,878 50,972 19,493 4,197 15,296 1,329 555 774

1989–90.............................. 58,983 -1.4 9,075 49,908 20,406 4,486 15,920 1,449 635 814

1990–91.............................. 59,875 1.5 9,619 50,256 21,354 4,423 16,931 1,534 649 885

1991–92.............................. 62,779 4.9 10,330 52,449 23,671 4,794 18,877 1,432 576 856

1992–93.............................. 68,434 9.0 11,605 56,829 26,190 5,249 20,941 1,451 571 880

1993–94.............................. 75,890 10.9 13,377 62,513 28,442 5,813 22,629 1,552 593 959

1994–95.............................. 81,596 7.5 14,812 66,784 31,770 6,718 25,052 1,653 647 1,006

1995–96.............................. 86,087 5.5 15,942 70,145 33,920 7,017 26,903 1,651 655 996

1996–97.............................. 87,997 2.2 16,440 71,557 36,162 7,536 28,626 2,179 926 1,253

1997–98.............................. 86,843 -1.3 15,700 71,143 39,567 8,644 30,923 1,975 678 1,297

1998–99.............................. 85,214 -1.9 15,187 70,027 40,707 9,202 31,505 1,920 721 1,199

1999–2000.......................... 80,863 -5.1 13,342 67,521 42,593 9,500 33,093 2,053 720 1,333

2000–01.............................. 75,933 -6.1 12,514 63,419 43,623 9,711 33,912 2,242 798 1,444

2001–02.............................. 72,887 -4.0 10,869 62,018 43,560 9,588 33,972 2,913 991 1,922

2002–03.............................. 71,261 -2.2 10,096 61,165 42,748 9,280 33,468 3,329 1,030 2,299

2003–04.............................. 73,934 3.8 10,017 63,917 44,939 9,670 35,269 4,361 1,261 3,100

2004–05.............................. 80,685 9.1 10,858 69,827 46,703 9,816 36,887 5,868 1,710 4,158

2005–06.............................. 91,973 14.0 12,914 79,059 51,380 10,630 40,750 7,128 1,959 5,169

2006–07.............................. 101,810 10.7 14,325 87,485 54,531 10,636 43,895 8,355 2,242 6,113

2007–08.............................. 111,478 9.5 16,286 95,192 58,120 11,010 47,110 9,886 2,674 7,212

2008–09.............................. 120,488 8.1 17,792 102,696 62,620 11,869 50,751 12,112 3,191 8,921

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -13.2 † -34.0 -8.7 10.4 5.1 11.9 127.1 74.9 158.5

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 63.0 † 77.6 60.7 39.3 22.7 43.9 177.7 153.1 187.8
466 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared August 2010.)

Table 323. Degrees in mathematics and statistics conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected 

years, 1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1949–50.............................. 6,382 † 4,942 1,440 974 784 190 160 151 9

1959–60.............................. 11,399 † 8,293 3,106 1,757 1,422 335 303 285 18

1967–68.............................. 23,513 † 14,782 8,731 5,527 4,199 1,328 947 895 52

1969–70.............................. 27,442 † 17,177 10,265 5,636 3,966 1,670 1,236 1,140 96

1970–71.............................. 24,801 -9.6 15,369 9,432 5,191 3,673 1,518 1,199 1,106 93

1971–72.............................. 23,713 -4.4 14,454 9,259 5,198 3,655 1,543 1,128 1,039 89

1972–73.............................. 23,067 -2.7 13,796 9,271 5,028 3,525 1,503 1,068 966 102

1973–74.............................. 21,635 -6.2 12,791 8,844 4,834 3,337 1,497 1,031 931 100

1974–75.............................. 18,181 -16.0 10,586 7,595 4,327 2,905 1,422 975 865 110

1975–76.............................. 15,984 -12.1 9,475 6,509 3,857 2,547 1,310 856 762 94

1976–77.............................. 14,196 -11.2 8,303 5,893 3,695 2,396 1,299 823 714 109

1977–78.............................. 12,569 -11.5 7,398 5,171 3,373 2,228 1,145 805 681 124

1978–79.............................. 11,806 -6.1 6,899 4,907 3,036 1,985 1,051 730 608 122

1979–80.............................. 11,378 -3.6 6,562 4,816 2,860 1,828 1,032 724 624 100

1980–81.............................. 11,078 -2.6 6,342 4,736 2,567 1,692 875 728 614 114

1981–82.............................. 11,599 4.7 6,593 5,006 2,727 1,821 906 681 587 94

1982–83.............................. 12,294 6.0 6,888 5,406 2,810 1,838 972 697 581 116

1983–84.............................. 13,087 6.5 7,290 5,797 2,723 1,773 950 695 569 126

1984–85.............................. 15,009 14.7 8,080 6,929 2,859 1,858 1,001 699 590 109

1985–86.............................. 16,122 7.4 8,623 7,499 3,131 2,028 1,103 742 618 124

1986–87.............................. 16,257 0.8 8,673 7,584 3,283 1,995 1,288 723 598 125

1987–88.............................. 15,712 -3.4 8,408 7,304 3,413 2,052 1,361 750 625 125

1988–89.............................. 15,017 -4.4 8,081 6,936 3,405 2,061 1,344 866 700 166

1989–90.............................. 14,276 -4.9 7,674 6,602 3,624 2,172 1,452 917 754 163

1990–91.............................. 14,393 0.8 7,580 6,813 3,549 2,096 1,453 978 790 188

1991–92.............................. 14,468 0.5 7,668 6,800 3,558 2,151 1,407 1,048 825 223

1992–93.............................. 14,384 -0.6 7,566 6,818 3,644 2,151 1,493 1,138 867 271

1993–94.............................. 14,171 1.5 7,594 6,577 3,682 2,237 1,445 1,125 880 245

1994–95.............................. 13,494 -4.8 7,154 6,340 3,820 2,289 1,531 1,181 919 262

1995–96.............................. 12,713 -5.8 6,847 5,866 3,651 2,178 1,473 1,158 919 239

1996–97.............................. 12,401 -2.5 6,649 5,752 3,504 2,055 1,449 1,134 861 273

1997–98.............................. 11,795 -4.9 6,247 5,548 3,409 1,985 1,424 1,215 903 312

1998–99.............................. 11,966 1.4 6,181 5,785 3,286 1,901 1,385 1,090 803 287

1999–2000.......................... 11,418 -4.6 5,955 5,463 3,208 1,749 1,459 1,075 803 272

2000–01.............................. 11,171 -2.2 5,791 5,380 3,209 1,857 1,352 997 715 282

2001–02.............................. 11,950 7.0 6,333 5,617 3,350 1,913 1,437 923 658 265

2002–03.............................. 12,505 4.6 6,784 5,721 3,620 1,996 1,624 1,007 734 273

2003–04.............................. 13,327 6.6 7,203 6,124 4,191 2,302 1,889 1,060 762 298

2004–05.............................. 14,351 7.7 7,937 6,414 4,477 2,525 1,952 1,176 841 335

2005–06.............................. 14,770 2.9 8,115 6,655 4,730 2,712 2,018 1,293 911 382

2006–07.............................. 14,954 1.2 8,360 6,594 4,884 2,859 2,025 1,351 949 402

2007–08.............................. 15,192 1.6 8,490 6,702 4,980 2,860 2,120 1,360 938 422

2008–09.............................. 15,496 2.0 8,793 6,703 5,211 3,064 2,147 1,535 1,059 476

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 11.4 † 16.5 5.9 27.5 21.1 36.4 -2.8 -5.1 3.8

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 16.3 † 22.1 9.5 24.3 33.1 13.7 44.8 39.0 59.7
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 467

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS),

“Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through 1985–86; and

1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared

August 2010.)

Table 324. Degrees in the physical sciences and science technologies conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of 

student: Selected years, 1959–60 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1959–60.............................. 16,007 † 14,013 1,994 3,376 3,049 327 1,838 1,776 62

1967–68.............................. 19,380 † 16,739 2,641 5,499 4,869 630 3,593 3,405 188

1969–70.............................. 21,439 † 18,522 2,917 5,908 5,069 839 4,271 4,038 233

1970–71.............................. 21,410 -0.1 18,457 2,953 6,336 5,495 841 4,324 4,082 242

1971–72.............................. 20,743 -3.1 17,661 3,082 6,268 5,390 878 4,075 3,805 270

1972–73.............................. 20,692 -0.2 17,622 3,070 6,230 5,388 842 3,961 3,698 263

1973–74.............................. 21,170 2.3 17,669 3,501 6,019 5,157 862 3,558 3,312 246

1974–75.............................. 20,770 -1.9 16,986 3,784 5,782 4,949 833 3,577 3,284 293

1975–76.............................. 21,458 3.3 17,349 4,109 5,428 4,622 806 3,388 3,097 291

1976–77.............................. 22,482 4.8 17,985 4,497 5,281 4,411 870 3,295 2,981 314

1977–78.............................. 22,975 2.2 18,083 4,892 5,507 4,583 924 3,073 2,763 310

1978–79.............................. 23,197 1.0 17,976 5,221 5,418 4,438 980 3,061 2,717 344

1979–80.............................. 23,407 0.9 17,861 5,546 5,167 4,210 957 3,044 2,669 375

1980–81.............................. 23,936 2.3 18,052 5,884 5,246 4,172 1,074 3,105 2,733 372

1981–82.............................. 24,045 0.5 17,861 6,184 5,446 4,274 1,172 3,246 2,804 442

1982–83.............................. 23,374 -2.8 16,988 6,386 5,250 4,131 1,119 3,214 2,767 447

1983–84.............................. 23,645 1.2 17,112 6,533 5,541 4,249 1,292 3,269 2,789 480

1984–85.............................. 23,694 0.2 17,065 6,629 5,752 4,425 1,327 3,349 2,808 541

1985–86.............................. 21,711 -8.4 15,750 5,961 5,860 4,443 1,417 3,521 2,946 575

1986–87.............................. 20,060 -7.6 14,365 5,695 5,586 4,193 1,393 3,629 3,004 625

1987–88.............................. 17,797 -11.3 12,385 5,412 5,696 4,300 1,396 3,758 3,085 673

1988–89.............................. 17,179 -3.5 12,071 5,108 5,691 4,180 1,511 3,795 3,046 749

1989–90.............................. 16,056 -6.5 11,026 5,030 5,410 3,996 1,414 4,116 3,328 788

1990–91.............................. 16,334 1.7 11,170 5,164 5,281 3,823 1,458 4,248 3,417 831

1991–92.............................. 16,948 3.8 11,425 5,523 5,340 3,888 1,452 4,344 3,402 942

1992–93.............................. 17,534 3.5 11,819 5,715 5,346 3,803 1,543 4,348 3,404 944

1993–94.............................. 18,392 4.9 12,218 6,174 5,648 4,010 1,638 4,595 3,606 989

1994–95.............................. 19,161 4.2 12,490 6,671 5,716 3,996 1,720 4,421 3,386 1,035

1995–96.............................. 19,627 2.4 12,566 7,061 5,807 3,943 1,864 4,512 3,479 1,033

1996–97.............................. 19,496 -0.7 12,213 7,283 5,526 3,732 1,794 4,417 3,411 1,006

1997–98.............................. 19,362 -0.7 11,924 7,438 5,328 3,417 1,911 4,520 3,387 1,133

1998–99.............................. 18,285 -5.6 11,003 7,282 5,124 3,366 1,758 4,142 3,144 998

1999–2000.......................... 18,331 0.3 10,946 7,385 4,810 3,114 1,696 3,963 2,959 1,004

2000–01.............................. 17,919 -2.2 10,553 7,366 5,049 3,212 1,837 3,911 2,875 1,036

2001–02.............................. 17,799 -0.7 10,292 7,507 5,012 3,135 1,877 3,760 2,719 1,041

2002–03.............................. 17,950 0.8 10,562 7,388 5,109 3,211 1,898 3,858 2,792 1,066

2003–04.............................. 17,983 0.2 10,476 7,507 5,570 3,364 2,206 3,815 2,753 1,062

2004–05.............................. 18,905 5.1 10,934 7,971 5,678 3,457 2,221 4,114 2,966 1,148

2005–06.............................. 20,318 7.5 11,831 8,487 5,922 3,568 2,354 4,489 3,143 1,346

2006–07.............................. 21,073 3.7 12,455 8,618 5,839 3,556 2,283 4,846 3,317 1,529

2007–08.............................. 21,934 4.1 12,959 8,975 5,899 3,649 2,250 4,804 3,363 1,441

2008–09.............................. 22,466 2.4 13,299 9,167 5,658 3,433 2,225 5,048 3,416 1,632

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -1.7 † -4.8 3.1 8.7 -0.1 25.5 -7.9 -12.4 6.4

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 24.9 † 26.9 22.1 1.6 2.1 0.9 32.3 24.1 53.7
468 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes geology/earth science, general; geochemistry; geophysics; paleontology; hydrology; oceanography; and geological and earth sciences, other.

2Includes physics, general; atomic/molecular physics; elementary particle physics; nuclear

physics; optics; acoustics; theoretical physics; and physics, other.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 325. Degrees in chemistry, geology and earth science, and physics conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree: 1970–71 

through 2008–09

Year

Chemistry Geology and earth science1 Physics2

Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1970–71.............................. 11,061 2,244 2,093 3,312 1,074 408 5,071 2,188 1,482

1971–72.............................. 10,588 2,229 1,943 3,766 1,233 433 4,634 2,033 1,344

1972–73.............................. 10,124 2,198 1,827 4,117 1,296 430 4,259 1,747 1,328

1973–74.............................. 10,430 2,082 1,755 4,526 1,479 416 3,952 1,655 1,115

1974–75.............................. 10,541 1,961 1,773 4,566 1,340 433 3,706 1,574 1,080

1975–76.............................. 11,015 1,745 1,578 4,677 1,384 445 3,544 1,700 997

1976–77.............................. 11,200 1,717 1,522 5,280 1,446 480 3,420 1,319 945

1977–78.............................. 11,304 1,832 1,461 5,648 1,633 419 3,330 1,294 873

1978–79.............................. 11,499 1,724 1,475 5,753 1,616 414 3,337 1,319 918

1979–80.............................. 11,229 1,671 1,500 5,785 1,623 440 3,396 1,192 830

1980–81.............................. 12,682 1,862 1,649 6,332 1,702 404 3,441 1,294 866

1981–82.............................. 11,058 1,683 1,682 6,650 1,865 452 3,503 1,318 878

1982–83.............................. 10,789 1,582 1,691 6,981 1,784 406 3,793 1,369 873

1983–84.............................. 10,698 1,632 1,707 7,524 1,747 408 3,907 1,532 953

1984–85.............................. 10,472 1,675 1,735 7,194 1,927 401 4,097 1,523 951

1985–86.............................. 10,110 1,712 1,878 5,760 2,036 395 4,180 1,501 1,010

1986–87.............................. 9,660 1,695 1,932 3,943 1,835 399 4,318 1,543 1,074

1987–88.............................. 9,043 1,671 1,944 3,204 1,722 462 4,100 1,675 1,093

1988–89.............................. 8,618 1,742 1,974 2,847 1,609 492 4,352 1,736 1,112

1989–90.............................. 8,122 1,643 2,135 2,372 1,399 562 4,155 1,831 1,192

1990–91.............................. 8,311 1,637 2,196 2,367 1,336 600 4,236 1,725 1,209

1991–92.............................. 8,629 1,746 2,233 2,784 1,245 549 4,098 1,834 1,337

1992–93.............................. 8,903 1,822 2,216 3,123 1,195 626 4,063 1,777 1,277

1993–94.............................. 9,417 1,968 2,298 3,456 1,221 577 4,001 1,945 1,465

1994–95.............................. 9,706 2,062 2,211 4,032 1,280 539 3,823 1,817 1,424

1995–96.............................. 10,395 2,214 2,228 4,019 1,288 555 3,679 1,678 1,462

1996–97.............................. 10,609 2,203 2,202 4,023 1,258 564 3,376 1,496 1,410

1997–98.............................. 10,528 2,108 2,291 3,866 1,227 588 3,441 1,371 1,393

1998–99.............................. 10,068 2,002 2,143 3,544 1,200 533 3,213 1,309 1,252

1999–2000.......................... 9,989 1,857 2,028 3,516 1,186 492 3,342 1,232 1,208

2000–01.............................. 9,466 1,952 2,056 3,495 1,220 472 3,418 1,365 1,169

2001–02.............................. 9,084 1,823 1,984 3,449 1,174 494 3,627 1,344 1,096

2002–03.............................. 9,013 1,777 2,092 3,381 1,323 466 3,900 1,438 1,089

2003–04.............................. 9,016 2,009 2,033 3,312 1,389 463 4,118 1,625 1,119

2004–05.............................. 9,664 1,879 2,148 3,276 1,420 476 4,182 1,785 1,254

2005–06.............................. 10,606 2,044 2,403 3,322 1,476 505 4,541 1,846 1,341

2006–07.............................. 10,994 2,097 2,514 3,319 1,437 640 4,843 1,777 1,442

2007–08.............................. 11,568 2,194 2,410 3,561 1,350 577 4,862 1,791 1,507

2008–09.............................. 11,851 2,085 2,556 3,809 1,352 614 4,822 1,653 1,580

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... -10.4 0.3 -5.1 -6.5 15.8 -13.1 28.2 24.1 -10.6

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 31.4 3.8 25.7 15.0 -2.7 32.6 17.1 1.7 41.2
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 469

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 and 1959–60; Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1967–68 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared August 2010.)

Table 326. Degrees in psychology conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: Selected years, 1949–50 

through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1949–50.............................. 9,569 † 6,055 3,514 1,316 948 368 283 241 42

1959–60.............................. 8,061 † 4,773 3,288 1,406 981 425 641 544 97

1967–68.............................. 23,819 † 13,792 10,027 3,479 2,321 1,158 1,268 982 286

1969–70.............................. 33,679 † 19,077 14,602 5,158 2,975 2,183 1,962 1,505 457

1970–71.............................. 38,187 13.4 21,227 16,960 5,717 3,395 2,322 2,144 1,629 515

1971–72.............................. 43,433 13.7 23,352 20,081 6,764 3,934 2,830 2,277 1,694 583

1972–73.............................. 47,940 10.4 25,117 22,823 7,619 4,325 3,294 2,550 1,797 753

1973–74.............................. 52,139 8.8 25,868 26,271 8,796 4,983 3,813 2,872 1,987 885

1974–75.............................. 51,245 -1.7 24,284 26,961 9,394 5,035 4,359 2,913 1,979 934

1975–76.............................. 50,278 -1.9 22,898 27,380 10,167 5,136 5,031 3,157 2,115 1,042

1976–77.............................. 47,861 -4.8 20,627 27,234 10,859 5,293 5,566 3,386 2,127 1,259

1977–78.............................. 44,879 -6.2 18,422 26,457 10,282 4,670 5,612 3,164 1,974 1,190

1978–79.............................. 42,697 -4.9 16,540 26,157 10,132 4,405 5,727 3,228 1,895 1,333

1979–80.............................. 42,093 -1.4 15,440 26,653 9,938 4,096 5,842 3,395 1,921 1,474

1980–81.............................. 41,068 -2.4 14,332 26,736 10,223 4,066 6,157 3,576 2,002 1,574

1981–82.............................. 41,212 0.4 13,645 27,567 9,947 3,823 6,124 3,461 1,856 1,605

1982–83.............................. 40,460 -1.8 13,131 27,329 9,981 3,647 6,334 3,602 1,838 1,764

1983–84.............................. 39,955 -1.2 12,812 27,143 9,525 3,400 6,125 3,535 1,774 1,761

1984–85.............................. 39,900 -0.1 12,706 27,194 9,891 3,452 6,439 3,447 1,739 1,708

1985–86.............................. 40,628 1.8 12,605 28,023 9,845 3,347 6,498 3,593 1,724 1,869

1986–87.............................. 43,152 6.2 13,395 29,757 11,000 3,516 7,484 4,062 1,801 2,261

1987–88.............................. 45,371 5.1 13,579 31,792 10,488 3,256 7,232 3,973 1,783 2,190

1988–89.............................. 49,083 8.2 14,265 34,818 11,329 3,465 7,864 4,143 1,773 2,370

1989–90.............................. 53,952 9.9 15,336 38,616 10,730 3,377 7,353 3,811 1,566 2,245

1990–91.............................. 58,655 8.7 16,067 42,588 11,349 3,329 8,020 3,932 1,520 2,412

1991–92.............................. 63,683 8.6 17,062 46,621 11,659 3,335 8,324 3,814 1,490 2,324

1992–93.............................. 66,931 5.1 17,942 48,989 12,518 3,380 9,138 4,100 1,570 2,530

1993–94.............................. 69,419 3.7 18,668 50,751 13,723 3,763 9,960 4,021 1,497 2,524

1994–95.............................. 72,233 4.1 19,570 52,663 15,378 4,210 11,168 4,252 1,562 2,690

1995–96.............................. 73,416 1.6 19,836 53,580 15,152 4,090 11,062 4,141 1,380 2,761

1996–97.............................. 74,308 1.2 19,408 54,900 15,769 4,155 11,614 4,507 1,495 3,012

1997–98.............................. 74,107 -0.3 18,976 55,131 15,142 3,978 11,164 4,541 1,470 3,071

1998–99.............................. 73,636 -0.6 18,304 55,332 15,688 3,990 11,698 4,695 1,510 3,185

1999–2000.......................... 74,194 0.8 17,451 56,743 15,740 3,821 11,919 4,731 1,529 3,202

2000–01.............................. 73,645 -0.7 16,585 57,060 16,539 3,892 12,647 5,091 1,598 3,493

2001–02.............................. 76,775 4.3 17,284 59,491 16,357 3,814 12,543 4,759 1,503 3,256

2002–03.............................. 78,650 2.4 17,514 61,136 17,161 3,839 13,322 4,835 1,483 3,352

2003–04.............................. 82,098 4.4 18,193 63,905 17,898 3,789 14,109 4,827 1,496 3,331

2004–05.............................. 85,614 4.3 19,000 66,614 18,830 3,900 14,930 5,106 1,466 3,640

2005–06.............................. 88,134 2.9 19,865 68,269 19,770 4,079 15,691 4,921 1,347 3,574

2006–07.............................. 90,039 2.2 20,343 69,696 21,037 4,265 16,772 5,153 1,382 3,771

2007–08.............................. 92,587 2.8 21,202 71,385 21,431 4,356 17,075 5,296 1,440 3,856

2008–09.............................. 94,271 1.8 21,488 72,783 23,415 4,789 18,626 5,477 1,478 3,999

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 11.5 † -0.6 15.5 14.1 -5.0 20.6 2.8 -0.9 4.6

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 14.8 † 18.1 13.9 30.8 26.4 32.0 13.5 -1.2 20.1
470 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 327. Degrees in public administration and social services conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 

1970–71 through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1970–71.............................. 5,466 † 1,726 3,740 7,785 3,893 3,892 174 132 42

1971–72.............................. 7,508 37.4 2,588 4,920 8,756 4,537 4,219 193 150 43

1972–73.............................. 10,690 42.4 3,998 6,692 10,068 5,271 4,797 198 160 38

1973–74.............................. 11,966 11.9 4,266 7,700 11,415 6,028 5,387 201 154 47

1974–75.............................. 13,661 14.2 4,630 9,031 13,617 7,200 6,417 257 192 65

1975–76.............................. 15,440 13.0 5,706 9,734 15,209 7,969 7,240 292 192 100

1976–77.............................. 16,136 4.5 5,544 10,592 17,026 8,810 8,216 292 197 95

1977–78.............................. 16,607 2.9 5,096 11,511 17,337 8,513 8,824 357 237 120

1978–79.............................. 17,328 4.3 4,938 12,390 17,306 8,051 9,255 315 215 100

1979–80.............................. 16,644 -3.9 4,451 12,193 17,560 7,866 9,694 342 216 126

1980–81.............................. 16,707 0.4 4,248 12,459 17,803 7,460 10,343 362 212 150

1981–82.............................. 16,495 -1.3 4,176 12,319 17,416 6,975 10,441 372 205 167

1982–83.............................. 14,414 -12.6 3,343 11,071 16,046 5,961 10,085 347 184 163

1983–84.............................. 12,570 -12.8 2,998 9,572 15,060 5,634 9,426 420 230 190

1984–85.............................. 11,754 -6.5 2,829 8,925 15,575 5,573 10,002 431 213 218

1985–86.............................. 11,887 1.1 2,966 8,921 15,692 5,594 10,098 382 171 211

1986–87.............................. 12,328 3.7 2,993 9,335 16,432 5,673 10,759 398 216 182

1987–88.............................. 12,385 0.5 2,923 9,462 16,424 5,631 10,793 470 238 232

1988–89.............................. 13,162 6.3 3,214 9,948 17,020 5,615 11,405 428 210 218

1989–90.............................. 13,908 5.7 3,334 10,574 17,399 5,634 11,765 508 235 273

1990–91.............................. 14,350 3.2 3,215 11,135 17,905 5,679 12,226 430 190 240

1991–92.............................. 15,987 11.4 3,479 12,508 19,243 5,769 13,474 432 204 228

1992–93.............................. 16,775 4.9 3,801 12,974 20,634 6,105 14,529 459 215 244

1993–94.............................. 17,815 6.2 3,919 13,896 21,833 6,406 15,427 519 238 281

1994–95.............................. 18,586 4.3 3,935 14,651 23,501 6,870 16,631 556 274 282

1995–96.............................. 19,849 6.8 4,205 15,644 24,229 6,927 17,302 499 220 279

1996–97.............................. 20,649 4.0 4,177 16,472 24,781 6,957 17,824 518 243 275

1997–98.............................. 20,408 -1.2 3,881 16,527 25,144 7,025 18,119 499 223 276

1998–99.............................. 20,287 -0.6 3,791 16,496 24,925 6,556 18,369 532 239 293

1999–2000.......................... 20,185 -0.5 3,816 16,369 25,594 6,808 18,786 537 227 310

2000–01.............................. 19,447 -3.7 3,670 15,777 25,268 6,544 18,724 574 263 311

2001–02.............................. 19,392 -0.3 3,706 15,686 25,448 6,505 18,943 571 250 321

2002–03.............................. 19,900 2.6 3,726 16,174 25,903 6,391 19,512 599 265 334

2003–04.............................. 20,552 3.3 3,793 16,759 28,250 7,001 21,249 649 275 374

2004–05.............................. 21,769 5.9 4,209 17,560 29,552 7,370 22,182 673 272 401

2005–06.............................. 21,986 1.0 4,126 17,860 30,510 7,572 22,938 704 285 419

2006–07.............................. 23,147 5.3 4,354 18,793 31,131 7,758 23,373 726 253 473

2007–08.............................. 23,493 1.5 4,202 19,291 33,029 8,140 24,889 760 269 491

2008–09.............................. 23,851 1.5 4,374 19,477 33,933 8,346 25,587 812 306 506

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 1.3 † 0.1 1.6 13.3 6.8 15.7 22.0 15.1 27.6

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 16.1 † 15.3 16.2 20.1 19.2 20.4 25.1 11.3 35.3
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 471

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 328. Degrees in the social sciences and history conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 

through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1970–71.............................. 155,324 † 98,173 57,151 16,539 11,833 4,706 3,660 3,153 507

1971–72.............................. 158,060 1.8 100,895 57,165 17,445 12,540 4,905 4,081 3,483 598

1972–73.............................. 155,970 -1.3 99,735 56,235 17,477 12,605 4,872 4,234 3,573 661

1973–74.............................. 150,320 -3.6 95,650 54,670 17,293 12,321 4,972 4,124 3,383 741

1974–75.............................. 135,190 -10.1 84,826 50,364 16,977 11,875 5,102 4,212 3,334 878

1975–76.............................. 126,396 -6.5 78,691 47,705 15,953 10,918 5,035 4,157 3,262 895

1976–77.............................. 117,040 -7.4 71,128 45,912 15,533 10,413 5,120 3,802 2,957 845

1977–78.............................. 112,952 -3.5 67,217 45,735 14,718 9,845 4,873 3,594 2,722 872

1978–79.............................. 108,059 -4.3 62,852 45,207 12,963 8,395 4,568 3,371 2,501 870

1979–80.............................. 103,662 -4.1 58,511 45,151 12,176 7,794 4,382 3,230 2,357 873

1980–81.............................. 100,513 -3.0 56,131 44,382 11,945 7,457 4,488 3,122 2,274 848

1981–82.............................. 99,705 -0.8 55,196 44,509 12,002 7,468 4,534 3,061 2,237 824

1982–83.............................. 95,228 -4.5 52,771 42,457 11,205 6,974 4,231 2,931 2,042 889

1983–84.............................. 93,323 -2.0 52,154 41,169 10,577 6,551 4,026 2,911 2,030 881

1984–85.............................. 91,570 -1.9 51,226 40,344 10,503 6,475 4,028 2,851 1,933 918

1985–86.............................. 93,840 2.5 52,724 41,116 10,564 6,419 4,145 2,955 1,970 985

1986–87.............................. 96,342 2.7 53,949 42,393 10,506 6,373 4,133 2,916 2,026 890

1987–88.............................. 100,460 4.3 56,377 44,083 10,412 6,310 4,102 2,781 1,849 932

1988–89.............................. 108,151 7.7 60,121 48,030 11,023 6,599 4,424 2,885 1,949 936

1989–90.............................. 118,083 9.2 65,887 52,196 11,634 6,898 4,736 3,010 2,019 991

1990–91.............................. 125,107 5.9 68,701 56,406 12,233 7,016 5,217 3,012 1,956 1,056

1991–92.............................. 133,974 7.1 73,001 60,973 12,702 7,237 5,465 3,218 2,126 1,092

1992–93.............................. 135,703 1.3 73,589 62,114 13,471 7,671 5,800 3,460 2,203 1,257

1993–94.............................. 133,680 -1.5 72,006 61,674 14,561 8,152 6,409 3,627 2,317 1,310

1994–95.............................. 128,154 -4.1 68,139 60,015 14,845 8,207 6,638 3,725 2,319 1,406

1995–96.............................. 126,479 -1.3 65,872 60,607 15,012 8,093 6,919 3,760 2,339 1,421

1996–97.............................. 124,891 -1.3 64,115 60,776 14,787 7,830 6,957 3,989 2,479 1,510

1997–98.............................. 125,040 0.1 63,537 61,503 14,938 7,960 6,978 4,127 2,445 1,682

1998–99.............................. 124,658 -0.3 61,736 62,922 14,431 7,456 6,975 3,855 2,270 1,585

1999–2000.......................... 127,101 2.0 62,062 65,039 14,066 7,024 7,042 4,095 2,407 1,688

2000–01.............................. 128,036 0.7 61,749 66,287 13,791 6,816 6,975 3,930 2,302 1,628

2001–02.............................. 132,874 3.8 64,170 68,704 14,112 6,941 7,171 3,902 2,219 1,683

2002–03.............................. 143,256 7.8 69,517 73,739 14,630 7,202 7,428 3,850 2,196 1,654

2003–04.............................. 150,357 5.0 73,834 76,523 16,110 7,810 8,300 3,811 2,188 1,623

2004–05.............................. 156,892 4.3 77,702 79,190 16,952 8,256 8,696 3,819 2,184 1,635

2005–06.............................. 161,485 2.9 80,799 80,686 17,369 8,415 8,954 3,914 2,218 1,696

2006–07.............................. 164,183 1.7 82,417 81,766 17,665 8,577 9,088 3,844 2,110 1,734

2007–08.............................. 167,363 1.9 84,868 82,495 18,495 9,349 9,146 4,059 2,194 1,865

2008–09.............................. 168,500 0.7 85,197 83,303 19,240 9,605 9,635 4,234 2,353 1,881

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04....... 20.6 † 19.6 21.6 11.6 4.7 19.0 -1.1 -3.6 2.4

2003–04 to 2008–09....... 12.1 † 15.4 8.9 19.4 23.0 16.1 11.1 7.5 15.9
472 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned

Degrees Conferred, 1949–50 through 1963–64; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1965–66 through

1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared August 2010.)

Table 329. Degrees in economics, history, political science and government, and sociology conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of 

degree: Selected years, 1949–50 through 2008–09

Year

Economics History Political science and government Sociology

Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1949–50............................. 14,568 921 200 13,542 1,801 275 6,336 710 127 7,870 552 98

1951–52............................. 8,593 695 239 10,187 1,445 317 4,911 525 147 6,648 517 141

1953–54............................. 6,719 609 245 9,363 1,220 355 5,314 534 153 5,692 440 184

1955–56............................. 6,555 581 232 10,510 1,114 259 5,633 509 203 5,878 402 170

1957–58............................. 7,457 669 239 12,840 1,397 297 6,116 665 170 6,568 397 150

1959–60............................. 7,453 708 237 14,737 1,794 342 6,596 722 201 7,147 440 161

1961–62............................. 8,366 853 268 17,340 2,163 343 8,326 839 214 8,120 578 173

1963–64............................. 10,583 1,104 385 23,668 2,705 507 12,126 1,163 263 10,943 646 198

1965–66............................. 11,555 1,522 458 28,612 3,883 599 15,242 1,429 336 15,038 981 244

1967–68............................. 15,193 1,916 600 35,291 4,845 688 20,387 1,937 457 21,710 1,193 367

1969–70............................. 17,197 1,988 794 43,386 5,049 1,038 25,713 2,105 525 30,436 1,813 534

1970–71............................. 15,758 1,995 721 44,663 5,157 991 27,482 2,318 700 33,263 1,808 574

1971–72............................. 15,231 2,224 794 43,695 5,217 1,133 28,135 2,451 758 35,216 1,944 636

1972–73............................. 14,770 2,225 845 40,943 5,030 1,140 30,100 2,398 747 35,436 1,923 583

1973–74............................. 14,285 2,141 788 37,049 4,533 1,114 30,744 2,448 766 35,491 2,196 632

1974–75............................. 14,046 2,127 815 31,470 4,226 1,117 29,126 2,333 680 31,488 2,112 693

1975–76............................. 14,741 2,087 763 28,400 3,658 1,014 28,302 2,191 723 27,634 2,009 729

1976–77............................. 15,296 2,158 758 25,433 3,393 921 26,411 2,222 641 24,713 1,830 714

1977–78............................. 15,661 1,995 706 23,004 3,033 813 26,069 2,069 636 22,750 1,611 599

1978–79............................. 16,409 1,955 712 21,019 2,536 756 25,628 2,037 563 20,285 1,415 612

1979–80............................. 17,863 1,821 677 19,301 2,367 712 25,457 1,938 535 18,881 1,341 583

1980–81............................. 18,753 1,911 727 18,301 2,237 643 24,977 1,875 484 17,272 1,240 610

1981–82............................. 19,876 1,964 677 17,146 2,210 636 25,658 1,954 513 16,042 1,145 558

1982–83............................. 20,517 1,972 734 16,467 2,041 575 25,791 1,829 435 14,105 1,112 522

1983–84............................. 20,719 1,891 729 16,643 1,940 561 25,719 1,769 457 13,145 1,008 520

1984–85............................. 20,711 1,992 749 16,049 1,921 468 25,834 1,500 441 11,968 1,022 480

1985–86............................. 21,602 1,937 789 16,415 1,961 497 26,439 1,704 439 12,271 965 504

1986–87............................. 22,378 1,855 750 16,997 2,021 534 26,817 1,618 435 12,239 950 451

1987–88............................. 22,911 1,847 770 18,207 2,093 517 27,207 1,579 391 13,024 984 452

1988–89............................. 23,454 1,886 827 20,159 2,121 487 30,450 1,598 452 14,435 1,135 451

1989–90............................. 23,923 1,950 806 22,476 2,369 570 33,560 1,580 480 16,035 1,198 432

1990–91............................. 23,488 1,951 802 24,541 2,591 606 35,737 1,772 468 17,550 1,260 465

1991–92............................. 23,423 2,106 866 26,966 2,754 644 37,805 1,908 535 19,568 1,347 501

1992–93............................. 21,321 2,292 879 27,774 2,952 690 37,931 1,943 529 20,896 1,521 536

1993–94............................. 19,496 2,521 869 27,503 3,009 752 36,097 2,147 616 22,368 1,639 530

1994–95............................. 17,673 2,400 910 26,598 3,091 816 33,013 2,019 637 22,886 1,748 546

1995–96............................. 16,674 2,533 916 26,005 2,898 805 30,775 2,024 634 24,071 1,772 527

1996–97............................. 16,539 2,433 968 25,214 2,901 873 28,969 1,909 686 24,672 1,731 591

1997–98............................. 17,074 2,435 928 25,726 2,895 937 28,044 1,957 705 24,806 1,737 596

1998–99............................. 17,611 2,323 810 24,794 2,633 921 27,418 1,681 696 24,933 1,943 515

1999–2000......................... 18,441 2,168 851 25,247 2,573 984 27,635 1,627 693 25,598 1,996 595

2000–01............................. 19,437 2,139 851 25,090 2,365 931 27,792 1,596 688 25,268 1,845 546

2001–02............................. 20,927 2,330 826 26,001 2,420 924 29,354 1,641 625 25,202 1,928 534

2002–03............................. 23,007 2,582 836 27,757 2,521 861 33,205 1,664 671 26,095 1,897 591

2003–04............................. 24,069 2,824 849 29,808 2,522 855 35,581 1,869 618 26,939 2,009 558

2004–05............................. 24,217 3,092 973 31,398 2,893 819 38,107 1,983 636 28,473 1,499 527

2005–06............................. 23,807 2,941 930 33,153 2,992 852 39,409 2,054 649 28,467 1,547 562

2006–07............................. 23,916 2,962 941 34,446 3,144 807 39,899 2,102 614 28,960 1,545 569

2007–08............................. 25,278 3,187 1,025 34,441 3,403 860 40,259 2,156 639 28,815 1,560 585

2008–09............................. 26,299 3,233 1,015 34,711 3,542 918 39,198 2,171 709 28,732 1,580 628

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04...... 36.7 21.6 4.8 20.2 -4.2 -7.2 29.8 11.2 -11.2 8.0 3.4 8.3

2003–04 to 2008–09...... 9.3 14.5 19.6 16.4 40.4 7.4 10.2 16.2 14.7 6.7 -21.4 12.5
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 473

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

NOTE: Data through 1994–95 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are

for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher

Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” surveys, 1970–71 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), and Fall

2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 330. Degrees in visual and performing arts conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970–71 

through 2008–09

Year

Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Total

Number Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

Annual percent

change

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1970–71.............................. 30,394 † 12,256 18,138 6,675 3,510 3,165 621 483 138

1971–72.............................. 33,831 11.3 13,580 20,251 7,537 4,049 3,488 572 428 144

1972–73.............................. 36,017 6.5 14,267 21,750 7,254 4,005 3,249 616 449 167

1973–74.............................. 39,730 10.3 15,821 23,909 8,001 4,325 3,676 585 440 145

1974–75.............................. 40,782 2.6 15,532 25,250 8,362 4,448 3,914 649 446 203

1975–76.............................. 42,138 3.3 16,491 25,647 8,817 4,507 4,310 620 447 173

1976–77.............................. 41,793 -0.8 16,166 25,627 8,636 4,211 4,425 662 447 215

1977–78.............................. 40,951 2.0 15,572 25,379 9,036 4,327 4,709 708 448 260

1978–79.............................. 40,969 # 15,380 25,589 8,524 3,933 4,591 700 454 246

1979–80.............................. 40,892 -0.2 15,065 25,827 8,708 4,067 4,641 655 413 242

1980–81.............................. 40,479 -1.0 14,798 25,681 8,629 4,056 4,573 654 396 258

1981–82.............................. 40,422 -0.1 14,819 25,603 8,746 3,866 4,880 670 380 290

1982–83.............................. 39,804 -1.5 14,695 25,109 8,763 4,013 4,750 692 404 288

1983–84.............................. 40,131 0.8 15,089 25,042 8,526 3,897 4,629 730 406 324

1984–85.............................. 38,285 -4.6 14,518 23,767 8,720 3,896 4,824 696 407 289

1985–86.............................. 37,241 -2.7 14,236 23,005 8,420 3,775 4,645 722 396 326

1986–87.............................. 36,873 -1.0 13,980 22,893 8,508 3,756 4,752 793 447 346

1987–88.............................. 37,150 0.8 14,225 22,925 7,939 3,442 4,497 727 424 303

1988–89.............................. 38,420 3.4 14,698 23,722 8,267 3,611 4,656 753 446 307

1989–90.............................. 39,934 3.9 15,189 24,745 8,481 3,706 4,775 849 472 377

1990–91.............................. 42,186 5.6 15,761 26,425 8,657 3,830 4,827 838 466 372

1991–92.............................. 46,522 10.3 17,616 28,906 9,353 4,078 5,275 906 504 402

1992–93.............................. 47,761 2.7 18,610 29,151 9,440 4,099 5,341 882 478 404

1993–94.............................. 49,053 2.7 19,538 29,515 9,925 4,229 5,696 1,054 585 469

1994–95.............................. 48,690 -0.7 19,781 28,909 10,277 4,374 5,903 1,080 545 535

1995–96.............................. 49,296 1.2 20,126 29,170 10,280 4,361 5,919 1,067 524 543

1996–97.............................. 50,083 1.6 20,729 29,354 10,627 4,470 6,157 1,060 525 535

1997–98.............................. 52,077 4.0 21,483 30,594 11,145 4,596 6,549 1,163 566 597

1998–99.............................. 54,404 4.5 22,281 32,123 10,753 4,543 6,210 1,130 574 556

1999–2000.......................... 58,791 8.1 24,003 34,788 10,918 4,672 6,246 1,127 537 590

2000–01.............................. 61,148 4.0 24,967 36,181 11,404 4,788 6,616 1,167 568 599

2001–02.............................. 66,773 9.2 27,130 39,643 11,595 4,912 6,683 1,114 490 624

2002–03.............................. 71,482 7.1 27,922 43,560 11,982 4,975 7,007 1,293 613 680

2003–04.............................. 77,181 8.0 30,037 47,144 12,906 5,531 7,375 1,282 572 710

2004–05.............................. 80,955 4.9 31,355 49,600 13,183 5,646 7,537 1,278 594 684

2005–06.............................. 83,297 2.9 32,117 51,180 13,530 5,801 7,729 1,383 639 744

2006–07.............................. 85,186 2.3 32,729 52,457 13,767 5,910 7,857 1,364 625 739

2007–08............................. 87,703 3.0 33,862 53,841 14,164 5,998 8,166 1,453 675 778

2008–09............................. 89,140 1.6 35,051 54,089 14,918 6,325 8,593 1,569 726 843

Percent change

1998–99 to 2003–04...... 41.9 † 34.8 46.8 20.0 21.7 18.8 13.5 -0.3 27.7

2003–04 to 2008–09...... 15.5 † 16.7 14.7 15.6 14.4 16.5 22.4 26.9 18.7
474 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Includes mathematics, computer science, physics and astronomy, chemistry, and earth, atmospheric, and marine sciences.

2Distribution based on respondents reporting sex data.

3Distribution based on U.S. citizens and permanent residents. 4Includes Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders.

5Percentages are based on only those doctorate recipients who responded to questions about

postdoctoral plans.

6Percentages are based on only those doctorate recipients who indicated definite postdoctoral

plans for study and who indicated the type of study.

7Percentages are based on only those doctorate recipients who indicated definite postdoctoral

plans for employment and who indicated the sector of employment. 8Includes 2-year, 4-year, and foreign colleges and universities, medical schools, and elementary/

secondary schools.

9Percentages are based on only those doctorate recipients who indicated definite postdoctoral

plans for employment and who indicated their primary work activity. 10Percentages are based on only those doctorate recipients who indicated definite postdoctoral

plans for employment.

NOTE: The above classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that in most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). One major difference is that history

is included under humanities rather than social sciences. Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable

degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and

D.V.M. Includes only graduates of research programs, which typically require the preparation

and defense of a dissertation based on original research, or the planning and execution of an

original project demonstrating substantial artistic or scholarly achievement. Excludes nonresearch professional practice doctor's degrees that are conferred upon completion of a program

providing the knowledge and skills for the recognition, credential, or license required for professional practice in such fields as health and theology. The number of doctor’s degrees in this table

differs from that reported in the NCES Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), which includes both the research and nonresearch degrees. Race categories exclude

persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: Doctorate Recipients From U.S. Universities: Summary Report 2007–08, Survey of

Earned Doctorates, National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department

of Education, National Endowment for the Humanities, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 331. Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor’s degrees, by field of study and selected characteristics: 2006–07 and 2007–08

Selected characteristic

All fields,

2006–07

Field of study, 2007–08

All fields Education Engineering Humanities

Life

sciences

Physical sciences1

Social

sciences

and

psychology

Other fields

Total Mathematics Total

Business

and

management

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Number of doctor's degrees conferred ................. 48,112 48,802 6,578 7,862 4,722 11,088 8,129 1,400 7,509 2,914 1,437

Sex (percent)2

Male .................................................................. 54.5 53.9 32.9 78.5 47.8 47.2 72.1 69.1 41.6 51.4 60.7

Female.............................................................. 45.5 46.1 67.1 21.5 52.2 52.8 27.9 30.9 58.4 48.6 39.3

Race/ethnicity (percent)3

White................................................................. 75.9 75.4 73.2 70.9 80.5 75.5 78.7 78.3 75.0 72.0 72.5

Black ................................................................. 6.6 6.6 13.6 3.8 4.6 4.5 3.2 4.5 6.2 11.2 9.6

Hispanic ............................................................ 5.6 5.7 6.3 4.5 5.5 5.5 4.1 4.3 7.8 4.9 3.3

Asian................................................................. 7.9 8.3 3.7 16.7 4.6 10.7 10.4 9.0 6.3 7.5 9.2

American Indian/Alaska Native......................... 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.3

Two or more races ............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.5 2.4 1.7 1.3 0.7 2.2 1.5 1.7

Other and unknown4 ......................................... 1.7 2.0 1.4 2.4 2.1 1.7 2.2 3.1 2.1 2.6 3.4

Citizenship (percent)

U.S. citizen and permanent resident................. 61.2 63.1 85.0 37.5 79.1 65.6 49.5 47.6 72.9 59.8 49.1

Temporary visa holder....................................... 31.4 31.2 8.6 57.1 14.8 29.3 45.2 46.7 21.4 33.0 43.5

Unknown........................................................... 7.4 5.7 6.4 5.4 6.1 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.6 7.1 7.4

Median age at doctorate (years)........................... 32.5 32.4 41.5 30.5 34.9 31.4 30.3 30.3 32.7 35.6 34.4

Percent with bachelor's degree in same field as 

doctorate......................................................... 52.3 52.9 32.0 76.5 50.4 47.7 62.0 64.3 53.0 33.8 35.6

Median time lapse (years) to doctorate

Since bachelor's degree completion ................. 9.5 9.4 17.0 7.9 11.3 8.6 7.7 7.6 9.6 12.1 11.3

Since starting graduate school ......................... 7.8 7.7 12.7 6.7 9.3 6.9 6.7 6.7 7.7 9.3 8.4

Postdoctoral plans (percent)5

Definite postdoctoral study6 .............................. 24.8 24.7 3.7 19.6 8.7 42.9 37.6 32.3 23.5 5.3 2.9

Fellowship ..................................................... 13.1 13.2 1.4 6.5 7.3 25.3 16.0 18.9 16.2 3.2 1.9

Research associateship................................ 10.3 10.4 1.3 12.5 0.9 15.6 21.0 12.6 5.3 1.6 ‡

Traineeship.................................................... 0.3 0.3 ‡ 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 ‡ 0.4 ‡ ‡

Intern, clinical residency................................ 0.6 0.5 ‡ 0.2 ‡ 1.2 0.1 ‡ 1.3 ‡ ‡

Other ............................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 ‡ 0.2 0.1 ‡ 0.4 ‡ 0.0

Definite postdoctoral employment7 ................... 43.7 43.5 68.7 44.2 54.8 22.1 32.9 39.3 48.3 70.1 77.8

Educational institution8.................................. 22.8 22.6 35.4 7.7 46.8 10.9 11.3 22.7 30.2 55.0 63.2

Government .................................................. 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.5 1.1 2.9 2.1 2.1 5.0 2.5 ‡

Industry, business ......................................... 11.4 11.4 2.6 31.3 1.8 5.8 17.8 12.8 6.6 7.6 9.7

Nonprofit organization................................... 1.9 2.0 2.9 1.0 2.3 1.6 0.7 1.0 3.8 2.7 ‡

Other and unknown....................................... 4.7 4.6 25.1 0.8 2.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 2.8 2.2 1.8

Seeking employment or study........................... 28.4 27.9 24.6 33.2 33.4 27.8 26.7 26.3 25.4 22.4 17.5

Other/unknown.................................................. 3.1 3.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 7.2 2.9 2.0 2.7 2.2 1.8

Primary work activity after doctorate (percent)9

Research and development .............................. 38.1 39.2 9.2 74.0 15.1 45.1 64.2 43.7 38.1 34.9 45.9

Teaching............................................................ 36.1 35.7 39.5 9.0 74.8 28.7 25.3 45.7 36.5 45.9 40.4

Management or administration ......................... 14.0 14.2 41.4 5.6 5.1 11.4 3.6 2.7 7.6 11.6 9.0

Professional services........................................ 9.3 9.5 9.1 10.3 3.3 11.9 5.9 7.3 16.8 6.4 4.0

Other................................................................. 2.5 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.7 2.9 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.6

Employment location after doctorate (percent)10

New England..................................................... 6.0 6.2 3.7 6.3 8.1 7.1 7.1 5.1 6.2 6.6 8.1

Middle Atlantic .................................................. 13.6 13.6 12.0 11.8 14.6 11.7 17.5 22.5 14.8 13.5 12.5

East North Central ............................................ 11.7 12.7 13.9 10.7 14.7 12.9 10.9 15.4 11.7 15.2 13.9

West North Central ........................................... 6.3 6.3 9.3 3.4 6.8 6.2 4.8 7.0 6.2 6.6 4.8

South Atlantic.................................................... 17.0 17.4 21.7 12.2 17.4 17.2 14.4 15.0 19.8 17.0 17.3

East South Central............................................ 4.4 4.8 7.8 2.6 5.4 5.4 2.7 5.3 3.4 5.5 5.2

West South Central........................................... 8.8 8.8 9.7 10.8 7.6 8.4 8.7 6.8 6.6 9.7 10.3

Mountain ........................................................... 6.2 5.4 7.3 5.6 5.1 5.0 3.5 2.9 5.1 5.0 4.9

Pacific and insular............................................. 15.9 15.6 10.5 25.8 12.7 14.6 22.3 11.9 13.4 8.9 9.7

Foreign.............................................................. 9.0 8.8 3.8 ‡ 7.3 11.1 ‡ 8.0 12.5 11.6 12.9

Region unknown ............................................... 0.1 0.1 0.0 ‡ 0.0 0.1 ‡ 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 475

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Includes degrees that require at least 6 years of college work for completion (including at

least 2 years of preprofessional training). See Appendix B: Definitions for details. 

2Excludes first-professional, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared September 2010.)

Table 332. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by control, level of degree, and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09

State or jurisdiction 

Public Private

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Firstprofessional

degrees1

Doctor’s

degrees

(Ph.D.,

Ed.D., etc.)2

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Firstprofessional

degrees1

Doctor’s

degrees

(Ph.D.,

Ed.D., etc.)2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

United States ................................... 596,098 1,020,435 308,206 37,357 39,911 191,227 580,933 348,578 54,647 27,805

Alabama ................................................... 7,985 19,928 9,445 706 801 1,329 4,317 1,224 443 60

Alaska....................................................... 932 1,527 537 0 37 67 99 67 0 0

Arizona ..................................................... 12,741 20,294 6,823 524 1,169 29,229 19,604 23,746 380 592

Arkansas................................................... 6,276 9,680 3,150 506 288 209 2,347 607 17 3

California .................................................. 83,469 117,309 28,073 2,379 3,887 15,042 43,621 34,142 6,485 3,781

Colorado ................................................... 6,111 20,593 5,530 657 813 8,437 8,240 7,299 416 306

Connecticut............................................... 4,398 9,849 3,118 421 282 1,140 9,101 6,040 509 514

Delaware................................................... 1,438 4,075 853 0 265 207 1,397 1,525 235 47

District of Columbia .................................. 184 384 75 69 0 951 10,573 10,737 2,787 760

Florida....................................................... 54,154 52,481 14,904 2,037 1,968 16,729 27,794 13,472 2,795 1,661

Georgia..................................................... 11,575 29,217 9,600 860 1,367 2,783 11,244 5,242 1,490 495

Hawaii....................................................... 2,408 3,705 1,185 148 206 813 2,092 808 0 31

Idaho......................................................... 1,881 5,078 1,307 163 159 1,478 3,988 274 10 0

Illinois........................................................ 26,523 33,783 12,107 1,224 1,431 9,640 35,556 27,555 3,448 1,781

Indiana...................................................... 9,825 25,386 7,842 1,067 1,361 5,180 14,197 5,061 651 339

Iowa .......................................................... 10,322 10,862 2,586 646 730 3,317 15,377 3,567 1,310 201

Kansas...................................................... 7,188 13,693 4,504 692 531 654 3,828 1,805 90 8

Kentucky ................................................... 7,615 15,134 5,662 876 454 3,198 4,862 1,810 264 113

Louisiana .................................................. 4,072 17,982 4,320 819 508 1,347 3,443 1,890 798 113

Maine........................................................ 2,054 4,131 881 91 61 582 2,778 866 119 55

Maryland................................................... 10,624 20,548 8,116 954 963 681 6,306 7,031 168 460

Massachusetts.......................................... 9,073 15,385 5,286 99 436 2,287 34,721 24,805 4,458 2,753

Michigan ................................................... 21,845 41,171 16,078 1,817 2,023 5,297 13,470 5,596 1,648 144

Minnesota ................................................. 13,176 19,012 4,748 715 898 3,909 12,263 14,272 1,093 1,334

Mississippi ................................................ 8,652 10,403 3,052 430 500 393 2,027 1,094 186 0

Missouri .................................................... 9,056 19,399 5,835 763 516 5,647 18,971 13,453 2,004 1,328

Montana.................................................... 1,504 4,677 1,090 140 140 126 575 77 0 0

Nebraska .................................................. 3,964 7,408 2,548 356 368 799 5,167 1,912 527 120

Nevada ..................................................... 2,829 6,231 1,808 265 260 841 888 697 182 0

New Hampshire ........................................ 1,844 4,809 1,230 0 56 1,068 4,070 2,098 209 147

New Jersey ............................................... 16,617 24,843 7,191 1,238 803 896 9,782 6,257 524 639

New Mexico .............................................. 4,700 6,625 2,564 272 288 358 1,250 639 0 0

New York................................................... 41,312 51,677 17,207 1,286 1,502 17,736 69,322 49,640 7,772 3,524

North Carolina .......................................... 18,412 31,055 10,060 947 1,249 2,187 13,779 4,269 1,248 520

North Dakota ............................................ 1,948 4,851 974 223 175 378 753 375 0 29

Ohio .......................................................... 19,317 38,448 13,028 2,283 1,856 8,648 21,600 8,330 1,285 587

Oklahoma ................................................. 8,201 15,976 4,615 768 421 1,311 3,658 1,292 368 36

Oregon...................................................... 7,168 12,796 3,854 471 475 996 5,122 2,454 702 240

Pennsylvania............................................. 15,070 41,846 10,846 1,666 1,710 11,975 42,846 20,861 3,649 2,509

Rhode Island ............................................ 1,254 3,504 758 93 93 2,775 6,787 1,617 274 243

South Carolina.......................................... 7,351 15,167 3,638 701 568 1,080 5,891 1,377 328 25

South Dakota............................................ 1,519 3,704 903 180 104 445 1,327 339 0 0

Tennessee ................................................ 7,028 18,390 5,562 767 767 2,728 10,998 4,479 690 382

Texas ........................................................ 42,452 80,756 27,591 3,233 3,261 5,484 21,401 8,622 2,151 711

Utah .......................................................... 8,996 12,303 2,738 281 491 1,239 9,201 2,287 149 74

Vermont .................................................... 878 3,109 379 105 80 320 2,679 1,799 191 4

Virginia...................................................... 13,298 30,969 10,812 1,450 1,439 5,471 11,514 5,676 1,427 695

Washington............................................... 21,083 22,061 4,772 684 915 775 8,030 4,287 630 123

West Virginia............................................. 2,730 8,443 2,540 518 201 1,098 2,923 1,680 0 40

Wisconsin ................................................. 10,879 24,515 5,450 636 966 1,329 9,136 3,521 537 278

Wyoming................................................... 2,167 1,747 423 131 69 618 18 5 0 0

U.S. Service Academies........................... 0 3,516 800†††† †

Other jurisdictions .......................... 1,695 7,722 911 361 122 4,047 9,938 5,295 620 269

American Samoa...................................... 21200000000 0

Federated States of Micronesia................ 191 00000000 0

Guam........................................................ 50 295 92 0 0 0 11 0 0 0

Marshall Islands........................................ 72 00000000 0

Northern Marianas ................................... 57 28 0000000 0

Palau......................................................... 4000000000 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 1,208 7,189 779 361 122 4,047 9,927 5,295 620 269

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 77 210 40000000 0
476 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes degrees in area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies; English language and literature/letters; foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics; liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities; multi/interdisciplinary studies; philosophy and religious

studies; theology and religious vocations; and visual and performing arts. 

2Includes biological and biomedical sciences; physical sciences; science technologies/

technicians; and mathematics and statistics. 

3Includes engineering; engineering technologies/technicians; mechanic and repair technologies/technicians; and construction trades. 

4Includes agriculture, agricultural operations, and related sciences; natural resources and

conservation; architecture and related services; communication, journalism, and related

programs; communications technologies/technicians and support services; family and consumer services/human sciences; legal professions and studies; library science; military

technologies; parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies; security and protective services; public administration and social service professions; transportation and materials

moving; and not classified by field of study. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table

was prepared September 2010.)

Table 333. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 

State or jurisdiction Total Humanities1 Psychology

Social

sciences

and history

Natural

sciences2

Computer

sciences Engineering3 Education

Business/

management

Health

professions

and related

clinical

sciences Other fields4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

United States ................................... 1,601,368 280,456 94,271 168,500 118,718 37,994 84,636 101,708 347,985 120,488 246,612

Alabama ................................................... 24,245 2,557 1,215 1,595 1,783 459 1,510 2,387 6,293 2,247 4,199

Alaska....................................................... 1,626 240 122 177 159 38 99 99 283 151 258

Arizona ..................................................... 39,898 5,270 1,907 2,211 1,950 2,068 1,386 2,394 13,562 4,032 5,118

Arkansas................................................... 12,027 1,686 546 848 788 250 483 1,400 2,551 1,461 2,014

California .................................................. 160,930 34,899 11,173 22,911 14,532 3,431 8,547 2,857 30,880 7,746 23,954

Colorado ................................................... 28,833 5,176 1,663 3,227 2,362 961 1,905 208 6,857 1,750 4,724

Connecticut............................................... 18,950 4,113 1,542 2,973 1,457 167 711 718 3,321 1,471 2,477

Delaware................................................... 5,472 748 245 659 266 108 249 511 1,333 461 892

District of Columbia .................................. 10,957 1,371 494 2,655 529 629 221 76 3,425 548 1,009

Florida....................................................... 80,275 10,610 4,587 7,436 4,417 2,153 3,961 5,701 19,827 6,776 14,807

Georgia..................................................... 40,461 6,338 2,217 3,764 3,014 1,088 2,145 4,241 9,398 2,889 5,367

Hawaii....................................................... 5,797 928 392 674 389 151 170 333 1,388 485 887

Idaho......................................................... 9,066 1,294 416 648 603 204 431 1,089 1,749 892 1,740

Illinois........................................................ 69,339 12,304 3,763 6,322 4,683 2,110 3,198 6,128 15,843 4,802 10,186

Indiana...................................................... 39,583 6,212 1,665 2,953 2,296 836 3,079 3,956 9,001 3,736 5,849

Iowa .......................................................... 26,239 3,439 1,969 2,102 1,538 545 1,136 1,809 7,203 1,577 4,921

Kansas...................................................... 17,521 3,356 723 1,491 1,040 366 1,025 1,665 3,677 1,555 2,623

Kentucky ................................................... 19,996 3,062 999 1,732 1,316 240 904 2,251 4,138 1,608 3,746

Louisiana .................................................. 21,425 4,038 1,174 1,719 1,700 340 1,153 1,601 4,758 2,186 2,756

Maine........................................................ 6,909 1,184 411 1,023 641 59 375 710 737 816 953

Maryland................................................... 26,854 4,199 1,857 3,926 2,284 1,370 1,175 1,301 5,023 1,812 3,907

Massachusetts.......................................... 50,106 9,728 3,603 7,299 4,072 1,035 2,822 1,346 9,531 3,261 7,409

Michigan ................................................... 54,641 7,034 2,961 4,568 3,799 1,240 4,689 4,248 12,592 4,763 8,747

Minnesota ................................................. 31,275 5,679 1,895 3,031 2,924 864 1,124 2,568 6,671 1,977 4,542

Mississippi ................................................ 12,430 1,442 703 781 1,042 148 570 1,740 2,803 1,049 2,152

Missouri .................................................... 38,370 5,204 2,436 2,402 2,496 878 1,837 3,237 10,155 3,730 5,995

Montana.................................................... 5,252 757 240 549 512 83 495 494 893 288 941

Nebraska .................................................. 12,575 1,236 613 854 834 360 481 1,346 3,561 1,312 1,978

Nevada ..................................................... 7,119 1,083 390 553 398 173 295 505 1,997 587 1,138

New Hampshire ........................................ 8,879 1,549 662 1,178 516 157 350 470 2,040 506 1,451

New Jersey ............................................... 34,625 6,843 2,874 4,628 3,017 710 1,595 2,061 6,345 1,803 4,749

New Mexico .............................................. 7,875 1,368 389 567 563 223 469 1,013 1,562 544 1,177

New York................................................... 120,999 26,132 8,762 14,993 8,387 2,930 5,320 7,212 24,434 8,019 14,810

North Carolina .......................................... 44,834 5,665 2,788 5,076 3,880 841 2,474 3,914 8,657 3,302 8,237

North Dakota ............................................ 5,604 490 175 234 325 138 405 585 1,239 792 1,221

Ohio .......................................................... 60,048 9,146 2,977 5,408 3,938 1,185 3,372 5,460 12,488 6,120 9,954

Oklahoma ................................................. 19,634 3,240 844 1,290 1,360 271 1,137 1,856 4,553 1,640 3,443

Oregon...................................................... 17,918 4,174 1,059 2,378 1,416 388 864 616 3,091 1,224 2,708

Pennsylvania............................................. 84,692 14,228 4,757 8,398 6,401 2,567 5,026 6,069 17,436 7,676 12,134

Rhode Island ............................................ 10,291 1,540 540 1,046 692 205 443 580 2,727 513 2,005

South Carolina.......................................... 21,058 2,951 1,239 2,233 1,972 352 781 1,868 5,324 1,448 2,890

South Dakota............................................ 5,031 460 200 431 355 149 401 469 839 765 962

Tennessee ................................................ 29,388 6,652 1,653 2,457 1,834 431 1,347 1,523 6,015 2,620 4,856

Texas ........................................................ 102,157 22,601 5,251 8,391 7,951 1,349 5,507 2,272 23,447 6,856 18,532

Utah .......................................................... 21,504 3,041 998 2,219 1,584 913 1,109 2,381 4,072 1,711 3,476

Vermont .................................................... 5,788 1,349 403 910 432 148 197 311 844 266 928

Virginia...................................................... 42,483 9,403 3,116 5,917 3,349 971 2,457 856 8,150 2,911 5,353

Washington............................................... 30,091 6,856 1,508 4,127 2,493 736 1,531 1,417 5,469 1,794 4,160

West Virginia............................................. 11,366 2,204 442 896 736 226 546 976 2,088 1,069 2,183

Wisconsin ................................................. 33,651 4,852 1,610 3,513 3,170 642 1,740 2,628 7,217 2,789 5,490

Wyoming................................................... 1,765 121 83 174 181 7 171 252 261 152 363

U.S. Service Academies........................... 3,516 404 20 953 342 101 1,218 0 237 0 241

Other jurisdictions .......................... 17,660 958 627 668 1,346 502 1,407 3,188 5,059 1,428 2,477

Guam........................................................ 306 29 18 17 14 7 0 78 71 21 51

Northern Marianas ................................... 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 17,116 913 587 642 1,301 492 1,407 3,069 4,896 1,388 2,421

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 210 16 22 9 31 3 0 13 92 19 5
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 477

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes degrees in area, ethnic, cultural, and gender studies; English language and literature/letters; foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics; liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities; multi/interdisciplinary studies; philosophy and religious

studies; theology and religious vocations; and visual and performing arts.

2Includes biological and biomedical sciences; physical sciences; science technologies/

technicians; and mathematics and statistics. 

3Includes engineering; engineering technologies/technicians; mechanic and repair technologies/technicians; and construction trades. 

4Includes agriculture, agricultural operations, and related sciences; natural resources and

conservation; architecture and related services; communication, journalism, and related

programs; communications technologies/technicians and support services; family and consumer services/human sciences; legal professions and studies; library science; military

technologies; parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies; security and protective services; public administration and social service professions; transportation and materials

moving; and not classified by field of study.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 334. Master’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by field of study and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09

State or jurisdiction Total Humanities1 Psychology

Social

sciences and

history

Natural

sciences2

Computer

sciences Engineering3 Education

Business/

management

Health

professions

and related

clinical

sciences Other fields4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

United States ................................... 656,784 48,022 23,415 19,240 20,767 17,907 38,205 178,564 168,375 62,620 79,669

Alabama ................................................... 10,669 368 411 222 244 143 705 3,401 2,694 1,130 1,351

Alaska....................................................... 604 37 29 14 46 2 67 214 88 19 88

Arizona ..................................................... 30,569 519 1,133 170 341 248 616 10,585 12,231 3,185 1,541

Arkansas................................................... 3,757 237 77 83 112 90 64 1,272 831 492 499

California .................................................. 62,215 6,209 3,634 2,170 2,034 1,759 5,291 14,298 14,235 5,929 6,656

Colorado ................................................... 12,829 778 665 355 378 343 781 2,444 4,697 925 1,463

Connecticut............................................... 9,158 781 325 274 450 256 936 2,246 1,953 871 1,066

Delaware................................................... 2,378 83 34 98 63 53 74 910 652 154 257

District of Columbia .................................. 10,812 949 103 1,185 426 384 574 1,148 3,055 836 2,152

Florida....................................................... 28,376 1,205 917 583 845 457 2,018 6,083 9,159 3,146 3,963

Georgia..................................................... 14,842 914 396 384 426 554 1,039 3,778 4,262 1,638 1,451

Hawaii....................................................... 1,993 163 121 73 73 34 52 563 435 134 345

Idaho......................................................... 1,581 107 21 37 90 9 130 454 264 173 296

Illinois........................................................ 39,662 2,588 1,410 947 1,234 1,904 1,613 11,003 11,782 2,498 4,683

Indiana...................................................... 12,903 1,066 287 290 443 91 660 2,958 4,197 1,346 1,565

Iowa .......................................................... 6,153 424 62 78 196 209 279 1,602 2,075 480 748

Kansas...................................................... 6,309 472 155 187 142 78 389 2,033 1,334 449 1,070

Kentucky ................................................... 7,472 488 371 143 228 109 388 2,835 938 921 1,051

Louisiana .................................................. 6,210 554 116 143 307 131 297 1,338 1,481 967 876

Maine........................................................ 1,747 124 19 13 48 6 26 770 209 340 192

Maryland................................................... 15,147 857 400 894 843 1,128 859 3,029 4,299 1,566 1,272

Massachusetts.......................................... 30,091 2,691 834 1,217 974 955 1,576 7,797 7,259 2,640 4,148

Michigan ................................................... 21,674 1,068 499 440 724 555 1,986 5,980 5,799 1,795 2,828

Minnesota ................................................. 19,020 751 1,167 139 285 483 400 7,829 3,739 2,235 1,992

Mississippi ................................................ 4,146 142 73 91 320 50 164 1,590 800 431 485

Missouri .................................................... 19,288 994 913 458 422 326 670 4,849 7,250 1,640 1,766

Montana.................................................... 1,167 134 28 53 86 13 65 302 129 85 272

Nebraska .................................................. 4,460 226 113 218 164 122 104 1,533 1,039 474 467

Nevada ..................................................... 2,505 100 83 68 75 36 114 1,105 570 117 237

New Hampshire ........................................ 3,328 144 85 84 82 67 168 908 1,187 372 231

New Jersey ............................................... 13,448 1,060 412 284 559 503 1,228 3,542 3,045 957 1,858

New Mexico .............................................. 3,203 296 89 110 142 62 300 950 603 372 279

New York................................................... 66,847 6,390 1,889 2,430 1,906 2,116 3,033 21,353 12,341 5,703 9,686

North Carolina .......................................... 14,329 1,105 216 446 508 474 890 3,199 3,871 1,790 1,830

North Dakota ............................................ 1,349 44 25 16 54 22 64 281 377 232 234

Ohio .......................................................... 21,358 1,918 655 569 769 330 1,226 6,090 5,267 2,000 2,534

Oklahoma ................................................. 5,907 627 208 95 169 148 437 1,273 1,682 631 637

Oregon...................................................... 6,308 587 240 113 186 68 275 2,455 1,146 578 660

Pennsylvania............................................. 31,707 2,347 1,152 742 1,017 1,050 1,802 8,923 6,526 3,948 4,200

Rhode Island ............................................ 2,375 217 75 136 109 58 96 438 711 131 404

South Carolina.......................................... 5,015 336 164 126 229 33 239 1,706 1,009 529 644

South Dakota............................................ 1,242 54 81 18 56 45 99 364 260 134 131

Tennessee ................................................ 10,041 722 399 175 287 90 386 3,413 2,217 1,350 1,002

Texas ........................................................ 36,213 2,919 1,427 927 1,316 1,211 2,946 7,691 10,248 3,394 4,134

Utah .......................................................... 5,025 304 102 115 176 138 315 1,063 1,639 459 714

Vermont .................................................... 2,178 430 76 538 25 117 49 394 232 70 247

Virginia...................................................... 16,488 1,929 848 553 434 539 1,711 4,458 2,914 1,051 2,051

Washington............................................... 9,059 642 500 163 326 213 342 2,201 2,424 840 1,408

West Virginia............................................. 4,220 314 61 280 90 27 157 1,075 975 440 801

Wisconsin ................................................. 8,971 546 310 268 274 65 457 2,760 2,187 977 1,127

Wyoming................................................... 428 62 5 25 34 3 40 78 58 46 77

U.S. Service Academies........................... 8 000008000 0

Other jurisdictions .......................... 6,206 203 363 23 94 81 276 1,851 2,050 619 646

Guam........................................................ 92 3 0 0 5 0 0 59 8 0 17

Northern Marianas ................................... 0 000000000 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 6,074 200 363 23 89 81 276 1,772 2,029 619 622

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 13 0 7
478 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes degrees that require at least 6 years of college work for completion (including at

least 2 years of preprofessional training). See Appendix B: Definitions for details. 

2Excludes first-professional, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2007–08 and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall

2008 and Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 335. Degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions, by level of degree and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08 and 2008–09

State or jurisdiction 

2007–08 2008–09

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Firstprofessional

degrees1

Doctor’s

degrees

(Ph.D.,

Ed.D., etc.)2

Associate’s

degrees

Bachelor’s

degrees

Master’s

degrees

Firstprofessional

degrees1

Doctor’s

degrees

(Ph.D.,

Ed.D., etc.)2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

United States ................................... 750,164 1,563,069 625,023 91,309 63,712 787,325 1,601,368 656,784 92,004 67,716

Alabama ................................................... 9,171 23,448 10,619 1,120 778 9,314 24,245 10,669 1,149 861

Alaska....................................................... 1,031 1,498 692 0 29 999 1,626 604 . 37

Arizona ..................................................... 33,325 39,016 28,042 968 1,342 41,970 39,898 30,569 904 1,761

Arkansas................................................... 5,567 11,574 3,509 517 236 6,485 12,027 3,757 523 291

California .................................................. 97,010 158,652 59,652 9,006 7,524 98,511 160,930 62,215 8,864 7,668

Colorado ................................................... 11,219 29,185 11,841 1,059 1,067 14,548 28,833 12,829 1,073 1,119

Connecticut............................................... 5,056 18,715 8,586 944 766 5,538 18,950 9,158 930 796

Delaware................................................... 1,475 5,322 2,291 266 263 1,645 5,472 2,378 235 312

District of Columbia .................................. 1,047 10,736 10,066 2,837 636 1,135 10,957 10,812 2,856 760

Florida....................................................... 65,948 77,460 26,576 4,942 3,457 70,883 80,275 28,376 4,832 3,629

Georgia..................................................... 13,684 39,035 13,131 2,299 1,700 14,358 40,461 14,842 2,350 1,862

Hawaii....................................................... 3,128 5,853 1,959 154 239 3,221 5,797 1,993 148 237

Idaho......................................................... 2,924 7,912 1,576 165 156 3,359 9,066 1,581 173 159

Illinois........................................................ 34,013 69,621 39,339 4,958 3,024 36,163 69,339 39,662 4,672 3,212

Indiana...................................................... 14,598 38,991 12,292 1,808 1,551 15,005 39,583 12,903 1,718 1,700

Iowa .......................................................... 13,537 24,265 5,251 1,746 927 13,639 26,239 6,153 1,956 931

Kansas...................................................... 8,175 17,048 6,268 834 540 7,842 17,521 6,309 782 539

Kentucky ................................................... 10,148 19,639 7,113 1,116 592 10,813 19,996 7,472 1,140 567

Louisiana .................................................. 4,997 21,163 5,962 1,630 569 5,419 21,425 6,210 1,617 621

Maine........................................................ 2,679 7,109 1,661 198 69 2,636 6,909 1,747 210 116

Maryland................................................... 10,964 26,085 14,653 1,112 1,461 11,305 26,854 15,147 1,122 1,423

Massachusetts.......................................... 10,926 49,526 29,370 4,526 3,136 11,360 50,106 30,091 4,557 3,189

Michigan ................................................... 26,443 54,010 20,858 3,502 1,980 27,142 54,641 21,674 3,465 2,167

Minnesota ................................................. 16,592 30,378 17,991 1,843 2,064 17,085 31,275 19,020 1,808 2,232

Mississippi ................................................ 8,822 12,186 3,987 613 473 9,045 12,430 4,146 616 500

Missouri .................................................... 14,445 35,736 17,534 2,819 1,754 14,703 38,370 19,288 2,767 1,844

Montana.................................................... 1,601 5,198 1,114 141 137 1,630 5,252 1,167 140 140

Nebraska .................................................. 4,836 12,360 4,148 865 465 4,763 12,575 4,460 883 488

Nevada ..................................................... 3,415 6,860 2,568 371 173 3,670 7,119 2,505 447 260

New Hampshire ........................................ 3,179 8,460 3,185 177 196 2,912 8,879 3,328 209 203

New Jersey ............................................... 16,904 33,645 13,219 1,785 1,322 17,513 34,625 13,448 1,762 1,442

New Mexico .............................................. 5,053 7,791 3,300 269 253 5,058 7,875 3,203 272 288

New York................................................... 57,807 118,387 63,720 8,849 4,937 59,048 120,999 66,847 9,058 5,026

North Carolina .......................................... 19,622 43,452 13,450 2,052 1,613 20,599 44,834 14,329 2,195 1,769

North Dakota ............................................ 2,211 5,531 1,326 233 269 2,326 5,604 1,349 223 204

Ohio .......................................................... 26,830 59,385 20,991 3,521 2,404 27,965 60,048 21,358 3,568 2,443

Oklahoma ................................................. 9,457 19,218 5,435 1,128 409 9,512 19,634 5,907 1,136 457

Oregon...................................................... 8,023 17,920 5,924 1,091 648 8,164 17,918 6,308 1,173 715

Pennsylvania............................................. 26,575 82,132 29,867 4,835 3,798 27,045 84,692 31,707 5,315 4,219

Rhode Island ............................................ 3,692 10,265 2,240 363 322 4,029 10,291 2,375 367 336

South Carolina.......................................... 7,943 20,257 5,180 1,000 603 8,431 21,058 5,015 1,029 593

South Dakota............................................ 2,045 4,992 1,243 224 109 1,964 5,031 1,242 180 104

Tennessee ................................................ 9,712 27,649 9,104 1,471 994 9,756 29,388 10,041 1,457 1,149

Texas ........................................................ 45,867 98,205 33,929 5,439 3,833 47,936 102,157 36,213 5,384 3,972

Utah .......................................................... 9,904 20,959 5,056 430 564 10,235 21,504 5,025 430 565

Vermont .................................................... 1,264 5,315 2,302 254 89 1,198 5,788 2,178 296 84

Virginia...................................................... 17,675 41,236 14,975 2,748 1,791 18,769 42,483 16,488 2,877 2,134

Washington............................................... 21,194 29,524 8,796 1,338 952 21,858 30,091 9,059 1,314 1,038

West Virginia............................................. 3,844 11,488 3,897 492 251 3,828 11,366 4,220 518 241

Wisconsin ................................................. 11,884 33,187 8,812 1,134 1,173 12,208 33,651 8,971 1,173 1,244

Wyoming................................................... 2,703 1,802 423 117 74 2,785 1,765 428 131 69

U.S. Service Academies........................... 0 3,688 0 0 0 03,51680 0

Other jurisdictions .......................... 5,434 17,344 5,312 991 362 5,954 17,660 6,206 981 391

American Samoa...................................... 113 0 0 0 0212000 0

Federated States of Micronesia................ 204 0 0 0 0191000 0

Guam........................................................ 70 323 67 0 0 50 306 92 0 0

Marshall Islands........................................ 61 0 0 0 072000 0

Northern Marianas ................................... 69 28 0 0 0 57 28 0 0 0

Palau......................................................... 45 0 0 0 040000 0

Puerto Rico............................................... 4,803 16,800 5,192 991 362 5,255 17,116 6,074 981 391

U.S. Virgin Islands .................................... 69 193 53 0 0 77 210 40 0 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 479

Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

1Institutions are ranked by the total number of doctor’s degrees conferred during the 10-year

period ending June 30, 2009.

2Includes degrees conferred by the Endowed and Statutory Colleges. 

NOTE: Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes firstprofessional, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1999–2000 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Fall 2000

through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 336. Doctor’s degrees conferred by the 60 institutions conferring the most doctor’s degrees: 1999–2000 through 2008–09

Institution

Rank

order1

Total,

1999–

2000 to

2008–09

1999–

2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States, all institutions ................................................. † 529,034 44,808 44,904 44,160 46,042 48,378 52,631 56,067 60,616 63,712 67,716

Total, 60 institutions conferring most doctorates............... † 264,209 23,379 23,225 22,608 23,422 24,646 26,128 28,252 30,008 30,965 31,576

University of California, Berkeley............................................................ 1 8,078 756 759 805 772 775 803 763 903 873 869

University of Texas at Austin.................................................................... 2 7,393 659 733 639 674 702 719 796 779 868 824

Nova Southeastern University ................................................................ 3 7,213 587 519 555 749 705 777 757 911 881 772

University of Wisconsin, Madison........................................................... 4 6,972 729 663 650 656 628 666 648 775 763 794

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor .......................................................... 5 6,955 629 568 610 616 660 725 763 789 753 842

University of Florida................................................................................. 6 6,894 516 574 607 591 694 702 718 794 857 841

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities ....................................................... 7 6,850 604 632 560 560 592 678 751 819 775 879

University of California, Los Angeles...................................................... 8 6,684 606 612 593 596 666 657 708 734 752 760

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign............................................ 9 6,623 597 667 602 617 574 636 689 698 759 784

Ohio State University, Main Campus...................................................... 10 6,424 620 633 617 575 560 590 664 667 760 738

Stanford University................................................................................... 11 6,348 589 573 548 611 625 671 677 720 673 661

University of Southern California ............................................................ 12 6,140 481 522 496 559 573 657 650 691 708 803

Harvard University................................................................................... 13 5,967 602 520 543 548 572 560 627 683 666 646

Pennsylvania State University, Main Campus........................................ 14 5,715 513 526 519 503 539 571 646 646 620 632

University of Washington, Seattle Campus............................................ 15 5,496 486 486 452 493 503 528 612 631 622 683

Massachusetts Institute of Technology................................................... 16 5,365 475 492 501 440 467 581 602 601 599 607

Texas A & M University............................................................................ 17 5,312 490 509 504 442 515 528 535 598 594 597

Purdue University, Main Campus ........................................................... 18 5,254 468 464 409 463 446 524 566 613 600 701

Columbia University in the City of New York.......................................... 19 5,244 461 465 452 433 495 603 579 568 598 590

University of Maryland, College Park ..................................................... 20 5,234 461 430 430 418 482 516 602 653 655 587

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill............................................. 21 4,608 425 398 390 412 439 459 490 512 600 483

Cornell University2 ................................................................................... 22 4,477 441 423 382 411 412 452 476 485 479 516

Michigan State University........................................................................ 23 4,474 444 414 428 442 430 425 463 493 446 489

University of Pennsylvania....................................................................... 24 4,430 427 376 380 384 413 463 496 483 464 544

University of Arizona................................................................................ 25 4,082 405 359 370 378 398 386 395 460 452 479

University of California, Davis ................................................................. 26 4,064 357 337 346 373 375 389 413 474 500 500

New York University................................................................................. 27 4,060 402 368 415 411 407 423 415 364 432 423

University of Georgia............................................................................... 28 3,950 352 351 393 414 404 424 374 388 391 459

Indiana University, Bloomington.............................................................. 29 3,929 409 420 347 367 375 397 389 370 414 441

Johns Hopkins University........................................................................ 30 3,906 351 384 373 364 362 387 408 397 446 434

Northwestern University.......................................................................... 31 3,897 321 350 349 370 367 366 423 462 438 451

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus.......................................... 32 3,878 316 360 336 348 382 372 412 410 479 463

Boston University..................................................................................... 33 3,855 274 304 246 270 267 320 491 540 562 581

Rutgers University, New Brunswick........................................................ 34 3,838 371 392 363 358 382 332 393 406 431 410

Arizona State University.......................................................................... 35 3,615 286 277 313 300 355 314 389 376 418 587

University of Chicago............................................................................... 36 3,601 391 371 333 332 331 327 398 357 395 366

North Carolina State University at Raleigh............................................. 37 3,490 316 306 300 322 338 343 369 411 328 457

Georgia Institute of Technology, Main Campus ..................................... 38 3,449 230 255 257 225 311 355 400 459 467 490

University of Virginia, Main Campus....................................................... 39 3,444 343 316 321 337 358 341 327 348 393 360

University of California, San Diego......................................................... 40 3,436 294 285 278 279 327 303 358 387 488 437

Capella University.................................................................................... 41 3,421 29 61 70 131 178 272 499 667 814 700

University of Iowa..................................................................................... 42 3,418 317 334 320 249 300 341 364 376 413 404

Yale University.......................................................................................... 43 3,378 334 313 310 317 332 329 318 360 375 390

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University................................. 44 3,292 309 268 326 272 290 329 366 356 341 435

University at Buffalo................................................................................. 45 3,263 303 294 231 269 299 380 353 394 373 367

Temple University..................................................................................... 46 3,133 263 238 226 161 334 322 383 392 409 405

City University of New York, Graduate School and University Center.. 47 3,070 280 250 271 272 298 298 330 303 358 410

University of Tennessee .......................................................................... 48 3,053 286 239 276 262 280 281 317 347 355 410

Florida State University ........................................................................... 49 2,986 263 252 248 290 271 276 325 350 368 343

University of Colorado at Boulder........................................................... 50 2,929 266 292 258 303 286 272 310 319 323 300

A. T. Still University of Health Sciences.................................................. 51 2,878 0 67 148 244 273 327 396 440 467 516

Stony Brook University............................................................................ 52 2,875 244 231 20 298 285 317 367 364 408 341

Princeton University................................................................................. 53 2,862 279 268 230 260 276 273 288 332 307 349

University of California, Santa Barbara .................................................. 54 2,822 232 258 199 251 253 287 339 310 346 347

University of Missouri, Columbia ............................................................ 55 2,787 256 278 252 274 251 274 277 293 326 306

University of Utah..................................................................................... 56 2,716 215 192 218 225 216 229 276 345 397 403

Duke University........................................................................................ 57 2,707 230 259 246 253 259 277 271 277 302 333

University of Connecticut......................................................................... 58 2,682 275 234 221 237 257 261 307 339 285 266

University of Massachusetts, Amherst................................................... 59 2,670 276 261 287 213 274 267 253 293 291 255

Iowa State University............................................................................... 60 2,623 238 243 239 228 228 246 281 296 308 316
480 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Outcomes

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Outcomes

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score on parental education

and occupations, and family income.

2Standardized quartile of composite of student assessments in mathematics and reading.

3Locus of control measures whether students attribute the events that happened to them,

such as performing well on a test, to being under their own control (i.e., internal locus of

control) or to being under the control of others or the environment (external locus of control). Higher scores (highest quartile) means greater internal control and lower scores (lowest quartile) means greater external control.

4Self-concept measures the degree to which students like and feel positively about themselves

and perceive themselves as a person of worth. The NELS:88 variable is the general self-concept scale from Herbert Marsh’s Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ) II (Marsh 1990). 5These students’ responses to the educational attainment question were not consistent with

their transcript data.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National

Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88/2000), “Fourth Follow-up, Student Survey,

2000.” (This table was prepared December 2005.)

Table 337. Percentage distribution of 1990 high school sophomores, by highest level of education completed through 2000 and selected student 

characteristics: 2000

Student characteristic Total

Less than high

school

completion

High school

completion

Some postsecondary CertificateAssociate’s

degree

Bachelor’s or higher degree

Total

Bachelor’s

degree

Master’s

degree

Professional

and doctor’s

degrees

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

Total........................................... 100.0 (†) 8.8 (0.73) 17.8 (0.73) 30.2 (0.90) 7.9 (0.44) 6.6 (0.37) 28.7 (0.89) 25.5 (0.81) 2.8 (0.23) 0.4 (0.06)

Sex

Male ............................................... 100.0 (†) 8.5 (1.02) 19.7 (1.06) 32.6 (1.27) 6.8 (0.60) 6.6 (0.56) 25.8 (1.16) 23.2 (1.08) 2.2 (0.31) 0.4 (0.09)

Female........................................... 100.0 (†) 9.1 (1.00) 15.9 (0.99) 27.9 (1.12) 8.9 (0.67) 6.6 (0.46) 31.5 (1.12) 27.8 (1.03) 3.3 (0.31) 0.4 (0.09)

Race/ethnicity

White.............................................. 100.0 (†) 6.8 (0.75) 17.8 (0.75) 27.6 (0.85) 7.2 (0.44) 7.2 (0.46) 33.3 (0.98) 29.4 (0.91) 3.5 (0.30) 0.5 (0.08)

Black .............................................. 100.0 (†) 11.1 (2.14) 17.9 (2.29) 38.5 (3.51) 12.0 (1.91) 4.1 (0.66) 16.4 (1.68) 15.4 (1.64) 0.8 (0.25) 0.2 (0.08)

Hispanic ......................................... 100.0 (†) 16.3 (3.23) 18.5 (2.63) 37.8 (2.93) 8.5 (1.43) 7.3 (1.12) 11.6 (1.16) 10.7 (1.10) 0.8 (0.20) 0.1 (0.07)

Asian/Pacific Islander..................... 100.0 (†) 6.5 (3.14) 6.2 (1.33) 32.2 (4.09) 5.7 (1.62) 3.5 (1.37) 46.1 (4.63) 41.0 (4.45) 3.6 (0.91) 1.5 (0.41)

American Indian/Alaska Native...... 100.0 (†) 21.6 (3.81) 40.1 (8.24) 23.0 (7.29) 6.4 (4.00) 3.0 (0.97) 5.9 (2.35) 5.3 (2.25) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Socioeconomic status in 19901

Low quartile ................................... 100.0 (†) 19.9 (1.97) 31.7 (1.84) 25.4 (1.71) 10.6 (1.12) 5.4 (0.69) 6.9 (0.60) 6.5 (0.59) 0.3 (0.10) # (†)

Middle two quartiles....................... 100.0 (†) 6.1 (0.79) 17.0 (0.90) 34.4 (1.16) 8.2 (0.61) 8.5 (0.60) 25.7 (1.02) 23.6 (1.00) 1.9 (0.26) 0.2 (0.06)

High quartile .................................. 100.0 (†) 0.3 (0.10) 5.2 (0.81) 25.5 (1.47) 4.5 (0.79) 4.6 (0.56) 59.8 (1.58) 51.2 (1.48) 7.3 (0.68) 1.4 (0.23)

Test score composite in 19902

Low quartile ................................... 100.0 (†) 19.3 (1.99) 31.8 (2.00) 28.1 (1.93) 11.2 (1.27) 4.9 (0.76) 4.7 (0.50) 4.5 (0.50) 0.2 (0.08) 0.1 (0.05)

Middle two quartiles....................... 100.0 (†) 4.9 (1.00) 17.0 (0.98) 34.4 (1.29) 8.9 (0.62) 9.2 (0.61) 25.5 (1.08) 23.6 (1.05) 1.8 (0.20) 0.1 (0.03)

High quartile .................................. 100.0 (†) 0.7 (0.09) 5.3 (0.72) 23.4 (1.23) 2.7 (0.59) 4.7 (0.57) 63.2 (1.44) 53.9 (1.43) 7.7 (0.75) 1.5 (0.24)

Locus of control in 19903

Low quartile ................................... 100.0 (†) 13.6 (1.91) 26.2 (1.85) 29.9 (1.82) 7.6 (0.93) 6.4 (0.84) 16.2 (1.29) 14.9 (1.26) 1.2 (0.24) 0.1 (0.05)

Middle two quartiles....................... 100.0 (†) 6.8 (0.97) 15.6 (0.98) 30.6 (1.21) 8.0 (0.59) 7.2 (0.51) 31.8 (1.16) 28.5 (1.08) 2.7 (0.33) 0.5 (0.10)

High quartile .................................. 100.0 (†) 2.3 (0.60) 12.4 (1.24) 30.6 (1.73) 7.1 (1.05) 6.7 (0.76) 40.9 (1.74) 35.2 (1.60) 5.0 (0.62) 0.7 (0.17)

Self-concept in 19904

Low quartile ................................... 100.0 (†) 8.7 (1.08) 20.6 (1.26) 31.9 (1.51) 7.1 (0.62) 6.9 (0.72) 24.8 (1.32) 22.2 (1.26) 2.5 (0.44) 0.2 (0.08)

Middle two quartiles....................... 100.0 (†) 7.9 (1.20) 18.3 (1.16) 28.6 (1.12) 7.6 (0.59) 7.7 (0.58) 29.9 (1.19) 26.5 (1.12) 2.9 (0.30) 0.5 (0.10)

High quartile .................................. 100.0 (†) 5.3 (1.20) 13.3 (1.39) 32.4 (2.26) 8.3 (1.16) 5.2 (0.66) 35.5 (1.81) 31.4 (1.66) 3.4 (0.54) 0.7 (0.15)

High school completion timing

Dropout (never completed) ............ 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Early (before January 1992) .......... 100.0 (†) 1.3 5 (0.71) 38.2 (5.06) 29.1 (3.87) 11.9 (2.68) 12.1 (4.28) 7.3 (1.78) 6.0 (1.43) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Normal (from January 1992 

through August 1992) .............. 100.0 (†) # (†) 16.2 (0.80) 32.7 (0.99) 7.9 (0.47) 7.4 (0.41) 35.7 (1.00) 31.7 (0.92) 3.4 (0.28) 0.5 (0.08)

Late (after August 1992) ................ 100.0 (†) 0.1 (0.08) 42.0 (3.00) 39.2 (3.14) 13.0 (2.35) 4.0 (0.95) 1.9 (0.52) 1.9 (0.52) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Control of school attended in 1992

Public ............................................. 100.0 (†) 7.9 (0.70) 19.0 (0.78) 31.0 (1.00) 8.0 (0.48) 7.0 (0.40) 27.2 (0.91) 24.2 (0.83) 2.6 (0.24) 0.4 (0.07)

Private............................................ 100.0 (†) 3.3 (0.99) 3.2 (0.56) 25.3 (2.37) 4.2 (1.10) 4.1 (0.77) 60.0 (2.69) 52.4 (2.64) 6.5 (0.99) 1.1 (0.28)

Postsecondary expectations in 1992

None .............................................. 100.0 (†) 11.7 (5.67) 52.6 (5.00) 23.3 (4.45) 7.4 (1.43) 1.7 (0.60) 3.3 (0.79) 3.3 (0.79) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Some postsecondary..................... 100.0 (†) 3.9 (1.14) 31.1 (1.82) 34.2 (1.89) 15.2 (1.26) 10.7 (0.98) 4.9 (0.71) 4.5 (0.69) 0.3 (0.18) ‡ (†)

Bachelor’s degree .......................... 100.0 (†) 0.6 (0.33) 6.7 (0.71) 36.5 (1.47) 6.5 (0.92) 7.6 (0.62) 42.1 (1.48) 38.9 (1.42) 3.0 (0.44) 0.2 (0.08)

Master’s degree ............................. 100.0 (†) 0.2 (0.09) 5.9 (0.93) 26.6 (1.64) 3.0 (0.51) 6.1 (1.01) 58.2 (1.87) 50.8 (1.86) 6.7 (0.67) 0.8 (0.23)

First-professional or doctor’s 

degree...................................... 100.0 (†) 0.9 (0.42) 2.2 (0.44) 28.2 (2.51) 4.7 (0.91) 5.6 (0.96) 58.4 (2.44) 48.4 (2.29) 7.8 (1.19) 2.2 (0.40)

Type of start in postsecondary 

education

Fall 1992 full-time 4-year................ 100.0 (†) ‡ (†) 0.6 (0.13) 22.7 (1.11) 2.2 (0.30) 3.7 (0.43) 70.7 (1.20) 61.4 (1.22) 8.0 (0.64) 1.3 (0.19)

Fall 1992 full-time public 2-year ..... 100.0 (†) ‡ (†) 2.1 (0.60) 41.7 (2.34) 13.4 (1.61) 19.3 (1.54) 23.4 (1.79) 22.1 (1.75) 1.2 (0.36) ‡ (†)

Fall 1992 part-time 4-year.............. 100.0 (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 57.1 (7.33) 3.7 (1.91) 3.3 (1.70) 31.9 (6.33) 29.5 (6.17) 2.4 (1.80) ‡ (†)

Fall 1992 part-time public 2-year ... 100.0 (†) 2.7 (2.04) 2.8 (2.24) 57.6 (4.97) 15.1 (3.78) 9.7 (2.47) 12.2 (3.16) 12.0 (3.15) (†) ‡ (†)

Other enrollment ............................ 100.0 (†) 2.2 (1.36) 12.4 (3.60) 35.3 (4.82) 15.3 (4.64) 8.2 (1.67) 26.5 (4.43) 24.6 (4.39) 1.6 (0.62) ‡ (†)

Never enrolled................................ 100.0 (†) 18.0 (1.39) 35.4 (1.34) 28.8 (1.37) 8.8 (0.66) 4.5 (0.48) 4.5 (0.47) 4.3 (0.46) 0.1 (0.06) ‡ (†)

Parents’ educational attainment

in 1990

No high school diploma ................. 100.0 (†) 25.9 (3.46) 26.7 (2.51) 26.8 (2.81) 11.0 (1.77) 3.7 (0.64) 5.9 (0.99) 5.5 (0.97) 0.4 (0.17) ‡ (†)

High school graduate..................... 100.0 (†) 12.7 (1.75) 30.6 (2.12) 26.1 (1.60) 8.3 (0.83) 9.0 (1.10) 13.3 (1.01) 12.1 (1.01) 1.0 (0.20) 0.1 (0.06)

Vocational/some college ................ 100.0 (†) 4.6 (0.53) 17.3 (0.94) 35.1 (1.20) 9.1 (0.81) 8.1 (0.60) 25.7 (1.09) 23.7 (1.08) 1.9 (0.24) 0.2 (0.06)

Bachelor’s degree .......................... 100.0 (†) 2.9 (1.35) 7.4 (1.24) 29.7 (2.15) 5.6 (0.91) 5.1 (0.64) 49.4 (2.10) 43.6 (2.02) 5.0 (0.74) 0.7 (0.22)

Master’s degree ............................. 100.0 (†) 0.8 (0.46) 2.5 (0.74) 23.3 (2.49) 4.6 (1.18) 3.4 (0.62) 65.4 (2.50) 55.3 (2.46) 8.6 (1.39) 1.5 (0.39)

First-professional or doctor’s 

degree...................................... 100.0 (†) 0.6 (0.38) 1.8 (0.70) 18.3 (4.50) 2.0 (1.20) 4.1 (2.00) 73.3 (4.66) 61.1 (4.47) 9.3 (2.24) 2.9 (0.78)
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 481

Outcomes

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Many institutions have more than one admission requirement.

2Formal demonstration of competencies (e.g., portfolios, certificates of mastery, assessment instruments).

3Includes SAT, ACT, or other admission tests.

4Test of English as a Foreign Language.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2000–01 through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Fall 2000

through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 338. Number and percentage of degree-granting institutions with first-year undergraduates using various selection criteria for admission, 

by type and control of institution: Selected years, 2000–01 through 2009–10

Selection criteria

All institutions Public institutions Private institutions

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

Not-for-profit For-profit

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Number of institutions with first-year undergraduates

2000–01.................................................... 3,717 2,034 1,683 1,647 580 1,067 2,070 1,454 616 1,383 1,247 136 687 207 480

2005–06.................................................... 3,880 2,198 1,682 1,638 588 1,050 2,242 1,610 632 1,351 1,240 111 891 370 521

2008–09.................................................... 4,034 2,351 1,683 1,632 609 1,023 2,402 1,742 660 1,333 1,243 90 1,069 499 570

2009–10.................................................... 4,112 2,404 1,708 1,628 629 999 2,484 1,775 709 1,330 1,247 83 1,154 528 626

Percent of institutions

Open admissions

2000–01.................................................... 40.2 12.9 73.2 63.8 12.1 91.9 21.4 13.3 40.7 14.0 11.7 34.6 36.5 22.7 42.5

2005–06.................................................... 44.7 18.3 79.3 66.1 13.6 95.4 29.2 20.1 52.4 15.3 13.1 40.5 50.2 43.5 54.9

2008–09.................................................... 45.7 20.2 81.3 65.7 14.9 96.0 32.1 22.0 58.6 15.7 13.4 46.7 52.5 43.3 60.5

2009–10.................................................... 46.6 21.9 81.3 65.7 17.2 96.3 34.0 23.5 60.2 15.3 13.2 45.8 55.6 47.9 62.1

Some admission requirements1

2000–01.................................................... 58.4 85.8 25.1 35.4 87.4 7.1 76.6 85.2 56.3 84.5 86.8 63.2 60.7 75.4 54.4

2005–06.................................................... 53.4 80.5 18.0 33.6 86.1 4.3 67.9 78.5 40.8 84.2 86.5 57.7 43.2 51.6 37.2

2008–09.................................................... 51.8 78.3 14.7 34.1 84.9 3.9 63.7 76.0 31.4 83.8 86.1 52.2 38.7 50.9 28.1

2009–10.................................................... 50.7 76.6 14.3 34.2 82.7 3.6 61.6 74.4 29.5 84.2 86.4 51.8 35.5 46.2 26.5

Secondary grades

2000–01................................................ 34.6 58.7 5.5 23.9 63.4 2.4 43.0 56.7 10.7 60.1 64.1 23.5 8.7 12.6 7.1

2005–06................................................ 34.1 57.1 4.2 25.9 68.4 2.2 40.1 53.0 7.4 62.8 66.2 25.2 5.7 8.6 3.6

2008–09................................................ 34.2 56.1 3.5 27.0 69.1 2.0 39.0 51.5 5.9 65.2 68.1 25.6 6.4 10.4 2.8

2009–10................................................ 33.9 55.7 3.2 27.5 68.4 1.7 38.1 51.2 5.4 65.8 68.2 28.9 6.2 11.0 2.2

Secondary class rank

2000–01................................................ 13.7 24.3 1.0 10.9 30.3 0.3 16.0 21.9 2.3 23.2 25.1 5.9 1.6 2.4 1.3

2005–06................................................ 11.3 19.4 0.7 10.4 28.7 0.2 11.9 16.0 1.6 19.3 20.5 6.3 0.7 0.8 0.6

2008–09................................................ 9.6 16.0 0.6 9.4 24.6 0.4 9.7 13.0 0.9 17.1 17.9 5.6 0.5 0.8 0.2

2009–10................................................ 9.1 15.2 0.5 9.3 23.5 0.4 8.9 12.2 0.7 16.3 17.1 4.8 0.4 0.8 0.2

Secondary school record

2000–01................................................ 45.8 70.3 16.2 29.4 72.9 5.8 58.7 69.2 34.1 73.2 75.5 52.2 29.5 30.9 29.0

2005–06................................................ 48.5 73.3 15.9 30.8 78.2 4.2 61.4 71.6 35.4 77.6 79.7 55.0 36.7 44.3 31.3

2008–09................................................ 46.7 70.6 13.2 31.2 77.3 3.7 57.2 68.3 27.9 77.0 79.1 47.8 32.5 41.3 24.7

2009–10................................................ 46.4 70.5 12.5 32.7 79.2 3.4 55.4 67.4 25.4 77.0 79.0 47.0 30.6 40.2 22.5

College preparatory program

2000–01................................................ 15.5 27.3 1.2 16.2 44.0 1.1 14.9 20.7 1.3 22.1 24.1 4.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

2005–06................................................ 15.2 26.4 0.6 17.4 47.1 0.8 13.6 18.8 0.3 22.4 24.3 1.8 0.2 0.5 0.0

2008–09................................................ 15.1 25.5 0.5 17.9 46.8 0.7 13.2 18.1 0.2 23.6 25.2 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.0

2009–10................................................ 15.0 25.3 0.4 18.1 45.9 0.6 12.9 18.0 0.1 23.9 25.4 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.0

Recommendations

2000–01................................................ 20.4 34.4 3.5 2.7 7.4 0.2 34.4 45.1 9.3 46.6 49.2 22.8 10.0 20.8 5.4

2005–06................................................ 19.2 31.9 2.5 2.9 7.7 0.2 31.1 40.8 6.3 49.1 51.5 23.4 3.7 5.1 2.7

2008–09................................................ 17.9 29.1 2.3 2.8 7.2 0.2 28.1 36.7 5.6 48.8 50.5 24.4 2.4 2.2 2.6

2009–10................................................ 17.8 29.0 2.0 3.0 7.6 0.1 27.5 36.6 4.8 49.5 51.2 25.3 2.2 2.3 2.1

Demonstration of competencies2

2000–01................................................ 8.0 12.1 3.0 2.2 5.0 0.7 12.7 15.0 7.1 12.1 12.7 7.4 13.7 29.0 7.1

2005–06................................................ 7.0 9.8 3.3 2.3 6.1 0.2 10.3 11.1 8.4 10.2 10.3 9.0 10.5 13.8 8.3

2008–09................................................ 6.2 8.7 2.7 2.1 5.3 0.2 9.0 9.9 6.7 9.4 9.3 11.1 8.5 11.4 6.0

2009–10................................................ 6.3 8.5 3.1 2.0 4.9 0.2 9.0 9.7 7.2 9.3 9.2 10.8 8.7 11.0 6.7

Test scores3

2000–01................................................ 47.2 72.5 16.7 33.2 83.4 5.8 58.5 68.2 35.6 70.3 73.4 41.9 34.6 36.7 33.8

2005–06................................................ 36.5 62.5 2.6 31.1 82.3 2.4 40.5 55.2 3.0 65.7 70.5 12.6 2.2 4.1 1.0

2008–09................................................ 33.8 56.6 2.1 31.3 80.5 2.1 35.6 48.2 2.1 63.3 66.9 14.4 0.9 1.8 0.2

2009–10................................................ 32.4 54.1 1.9 30.2 74.9 2.0 33.9 46.8 1.8 62.6 65.8 13.3 1.0 1.7 0.3

TOEFL4

2000–01................................................ 43.4 71.2 9.9 30.2 77.4 4.6 54.0 68.7 19.2 66.2 70.1 30.9 29.3 60.4 15.8

2005–06................................................ 41.5 67.9 7.1 31.0 79.3 3.9 49.3 63.8 12.3 67.0 70.6 27.0 22.4 41.1 9.2

2008–09................................................ 41.1 65.8 6.7 31.0 77.5 3.3 48.0 61.7 11.8 66.7 69.4 28.9 24.7 42.5 9.1

2009–10................................................ 39.3 62.9 6.0 29.6 71.7 3.1 45.6 59.8 10.0 66.6 69.3 26.5 21.4 37.5 7.8

No admission requirements, only 

recommendations for admission

2000–01.................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.7 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.9 1.5 2.9 1.5 1.4 2.2 2.8 1.9 3.1

2005–06.................................................... 1.8 1.1 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.9 1.4 6.8 0.5 0.4 1.8 6.6 4.9 7.9

2008–09.................................................... 2.6 1.5 4.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 4.2 2.0 10.0 0.5 0.5 1.1 8.8 5.8 11.4

2009–10.................................................... 2.7 1.5 4.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 4.4 2.0 10.3 0.5 0.4 2.4 8.8 5.9 11.3
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met. 1Excludes institutions not enrolling first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates. The total on this table differs slightly

from other counts of undergraduate institutions because approximately 0.3 percent of undergraduate institutions did notreport application information.

2Data are only for institutions that require test scores for admission. Relative

admission.NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statcation Data System, Fall 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 339. Number of applications, admissions, and enrollees; their distribution across institutions accepting various percentages of applications; and SAT and 

and control of institution: 2009–10

Application, admission, enrollment, and SAT and ACT score

All institutions Public institutions Private institutions

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

Not-for-profit 

Total 4-year 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Number of undergraduate institutions reporting application data1......... 4,109 2,401 1,708 1,628 629 999 2,481 1,772 709 1,328 1,245 

Percentage distribution of institutions by their acceptance of applications 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

No application criteria ........................................................................ 46.6 21.9 81.3 65.7 17.2 96.3 34.1 23.6 60.2 15.3 13.3 90 percent or more accepted............................................................. 7.3 8.7 5.3 3.6 7.8 1.0 9.7 9.1 11.3 9.2 9.0 75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 11.7 17.0 4.3 8.8 21.6 0.8 13.6 15.3 9.2 18.5 19.1 50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 23.7 36.4 6.0 16.3 39.9 1.5 28.6 35.1 12.3 39.8 41.4 25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 9.1 13.8 2.4 4.7 11.9 0.2 11.9 14.4 5.5 13.6 14.0 10.0 to 24.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 1.3 1.8 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.7 2.0 1.1 2.7 2.6 

Less than 10 percent accepted.......................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.6 

Number of applications (in thousands) .................................................. 7,934 7,752 182 4,395 4,299 96 3,538 3,452 86 3,263 3,246 

Percentage distribution of applications by institutions’ acceptance

of applications ...................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

No application criteria ........................................................................ † † † † † † † † † † † 90 percent or more accepted............................................................. 4.1 3.5 27.0 5.1 4.5 31.1 2.8 2.3 22.3 1.7 1.6 75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 14.7 14.8 11.9 16.7 17.0 5.4 12.2 12.1 19.2 12.1 12.1 50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 46.9 46.9 45.6 49.8 49.7 54.9 43.2 43.4 35.2 43.0 43.0 25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 25.9 26.3 10.8 24.1 24.5 3.0 28.3 28.5 19.5 28.8 28.8 10.0 to 24.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 7.0 7.1 4.7 4.0 3.9 5.7 10.8 11.0 3.6 11.6 11.6 Less than 10 percent accepted.......................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.6 2.7 0.1 2.8 2.9 

Number of admissions (in thousands) ................................................... 4,546 4,419 127 2,671 2,604 68 1,875 1,816 59 1,692 1,682 

Percentage distribution of admissions by institutions’ acceptance

of applications ...................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

No application criteria ........................................................................ † † † † † † † † † † † 90 percent or more accepted............................................................. 6.7 5.8 38.1 7.7 6.8 43.8 5.1 4.2 31.6 3.0 2.9 75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 20.9 21.1 14.0 22.5 23.0 6.2 18.5 18.4 23.0 18.6 18.7 50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 52.1 52.4 40.1 52.2 52.4 46.6 51.8 52.4 32.6 52.7 52.7 25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 17.9 18.2 6.3 16.0 16.4 1.5 20.5 20.8 11.8 21.2 21.3 10.0 to 24.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 2.3 2.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 2.0 3.7 3.7 0.9 4.0 4.0 Less than 10 percent accepted.......................................................... 0.2 0.2 # 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 # 0.4 0.4 

Number of enrollees (in thousands) ...................................................... 1,640 1,544 95 1,010 961 48 630 583 47 480 474 

Percentage distribution of enrollees by institutions’ acceptance

of applications ...................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

No application criteria ........................................................................ † † † † † † † † † † † 90 percent or more accepted............................................................. 8.4 6.9 35.4 8.2 7.1 35.5 8.8 6.6 35.4 5.7 5.6 

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 22.0 22.3 18.1 24.7 25.0 17.9 17.6 17.5 18.3 18.0 18.2 

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 48.5 49.2 36.1 51.3 51.6 43.3 43.8 44.9 30.2 47.5 47.6 25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 17.8 18.3 9.8 14.1 14.6 3.3 24.0 24.7 15.2 21.6 21.5 10.0 to 24.9 percent accepted ........................................................... 2.8 2.9 0.6 1.7 1.7 # 4.7 5.0 1.0 5.8 5.8 Less than 10 percent accepted.......................................................... 0.4 0.4 # 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1 # 1.3 1.3 

SAT scores of enrollees

Critical reading, 25th percentile2 ........................................................ 473 474 405 457 459 404 481 482 406 482 482 

Critical reading, 75th percentile2 ........................................................ 583 584 522 565 566 516 593 594 529 593 594 Mathematics, 25th percentile2............................................................ 477 479 400 468 471 403 483 484 396 483 484 

Mathematics, 75th percentile2............................................................ 589 590 513 579 581 519 594 595 506 594 595 

ACT scores of enrollees

Composite, 25th percentile2 ............................................................... 20.1 20.2 16.8 19.3 19.5 16.3 20.6 20.6 17.8 20.6 20.6 

Composite, 75th percentile2 ............................................................... 25.2 25.2 21.7 24.3 24.4 21.6 25.7 25.7 22.1 25.7 25.7 English, 25th percentile2 .................................................................... 19.1 19.2 15.4 18.2 18.3 15.2 19.7 19.7 15.9 19.7 19.8 

English, 75th percentile2 .................................................................... 25.4 25.5 21.7 24.3 24.4 22.1 26.1 26.2 21.0 26.1 26.2 Mathematics, 25th percentile2............................................................ 19.0 19.1 16.2 18.5 18.6 15.9 19.4 19.4 16.8 19.4 19.4 

Mathematics, 75th percentile2............................................................ 24.9 25.0 20.9 24.3 24.5 20.7 25.3 25.3 21.1 25.3 25.3 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Data through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions.Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Thedegree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year collegesand excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education SPostsecondary Education Data System, “Institutional Characteristics Survey” 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 340. Percentage of degree-granting institutions offering remedial services, by control and type of institution: 1989–90 through 2009–10Year

Public and private Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit 

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-ye

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 

1989–90.......................................... 76.6 69.6 87.2 92.4 82.9 98.2 64.1 64.5 63.0 65.0 64.2 711990–91.......................................... 77.7 70.6 88.4 93.0 83.5 98.9 65.6 65.6 65.5 65.6 64.9 711991–92.......................................... 78.6 71.4 89.2 93.9 84.5 99.6 66.3 66.4 65.8 66.2 65.8 691992–93.......................................... 78.5 71.5 88.8 93.5 84.5 98.8 66.4 66.5 65.8 66.7 66.2 711993–94.......................................... 79.0 72.2 89.5 93.5 84.6 98.7 67.4 67.5 67.0 67.7 67.0 731994–95.......................................... 79.8 73.6 89.1 93.7 85.3 98.6 68.6 69.2 66.6 69.3 68.7 741995–96.......................................... 79.5 73.0 89.4 93.7 85.4 98.6 68.0 68.4 66.3 68.9 68.3 731996–97.......................................... 80.0 73.1 91.0 94.0 85.1 99.2 68.6 68.6 68.4 69.2 68.3 771997–98.......................................... 76.7 72.5 82.2 93.8 85.2 98.7 64.2 67.8 55.1 69.0 68.3 751998–99.......................................... 76.1 72.0 81.5 93.6 84.2 99.0 63.6 67.7 52.8 68.6 68.3 711999–2000...................................... 76.1 71.6 82.2 93.5 83.6 99.2 63.9 67.4 54.4 69.2 68.5 762000–01.......................................... 75.1 71.4 80.4 93.1 81.7 99.7 62.8 67.9 48.8 67.6 67.0 732001–02.......................................... 73.3 69.0 79.5 92.3 79.9 99.4 60.2 65.3 45.0 66.1 65.5 722002–03.......................................... 72.5 67.6 79.5 91.7 78.4 99.4 59.0 63.9 44.8 65.4 64.7 742003–04.......................................... 72.1 67.1 79.7 91.3 77.3 99.5 59.0 63.7 44.8 65.0 64.0 772004–05.......................................... 72.6 67.4 80.3 90.6 75.6 99.6 60.4 64.7 47.4 63.1 62.5 71

2005–06.......................................... 72.2 66.9 80.2 90.2 75.2 99.3 60.4 64.2 48.8 62.2 61.3 74

2006–07.......................................... 72.8 67.5 80.9 90.4 75.6 99.5 61.4 64.9 50.6 62.2 61.3 742007–08.......................................... 72.4 67.2 80.9 89.7 74.1 99.5 61.6 64.9 51.0 61.4 60.6 732008–09.......................................... 72.6 67.9 80.2 89.9 74.5 99.6 62.1 65.8 50.5 61.4 60.8 702009–10.......................................... 72.7 68.3 79.7 89.8 75.3 99.6 62.5 66.1 52.1 61.2 60.6 72Change in percentage points

1989–90 to 1999–2000............... -0.6 2.0 -5.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 -0.3 2.9 -8.6 4.1 4.2 4

1999–2000 to 2009–10............... -3.4 -3.3 -2.5 -3.7 -8.3 0.4 -1.3 -1.3 -2.2 -8.0 -7.9 -3
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 341. Graduation rates of first-time postsecondary students who started as full-time degree-seeking students, by sex, race/ethnicity, time between starting 

control of institution where student started: Selected cohort entry years, 1996 through 2005

Level and control of institution and entry year

All first-time, full-time degree-seekers Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

Percent of bachelor’s degree-seeking students completing bachelor's degrees within 4 years after start

All 4-year institutions1996 starting cohort ....................... 33.7 36.3 19.5 22.8 37.5 18.8 41.7 28.5 30.6 13.9 19.0 32.2 15.1 38.6 38.0 41.1 

1997 starting cohort ....................... 34.1 36.8 19.2 22.7 38.7 18.6 40.6 29.0 31.2 14.0 19.0 33.4 15.2 37.6 38.3 41.5 

1998 starting cohort ....................... 34.5 37.2 19.8 23.7 39.6 18.6 41.2 29.3 31.5 14.0 19.5 33.7 15.1 38.0 38.8 41.9 

1999 starting cohort ....................... 35.3 37.9 20.6 25.3 40.8 19.4 41.6 30.1 32.3 14.8 20.7 35.3 16.1 38.1 39.7 42.7 

2000 starting cohort ....................... 36.1 38.9 21.3 25.9 41.0 21.0 41.9 31.1 33.4 15.5 21.8 35.7 17.1 39.3 40.2 43.5 

2001 starting cohort ....................... 36.2 39.1 21.4 25.8 41.9 21.1 42.5 31.0 33.4 15.0 21.3 35.7 18.0 38.7 40.6 43.9 

2002 starting cohort ....................... 36.4 39.3 20.4 26.4 42.8 20.5 38.7 31.3 33.8 14.7 21.8 37.4 17.2 36.6 40.5 43.9 

Public institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 26.0 28.3 15.0 15.8 28.5 14.5 30.9 20.8 22.6 9.9 12.5 23.4 10.9 28.6 30.3 33.3 

1997 starting cohort.................... 26.4 28.7 15.4 15.7 30.2 13.8 31.8 21.1 22.9 10.4 12.2 24.6 10.4 28.8 30.7 33.6 

1998 starting cohort.................... 26.8 29.1 15.7 16.4 30.8 14.7 30.7 21.4 23.2 10.3 12.3 24.6 11.3 28.4 31.2 34.0 

1999 starting cohort.................... 27.9 30.1 17.0 18.0 32.7 14.7 32.7 22.5 24.2 11.1 13.8 27.0 11.7 30.1 32.4 35.1 2000 starting cohort.................... 29.0 31.4 17.9 18.9 33.7 16.4 32.7 23.6 25.5 11.7 14.5 27.8 11.9 30.2 33.5 36.3 

2001 starting cohort.................... 29.4 31.8 17.3 19.0 34.8 16.5 33.3 24.0 26.0 11.2 14.6 28.8 13.7 30.4 33.9 36.8 

2002 starting cohort.................... 29.9 32.3 16.9 20.1 35.8 16.0 33.4 24.5 26.6 11.0 15.8 30.4 12.7 30.3 34.3 37.2 

Not-for-profit institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 48.6 51.3 29.3 39.9 57.9 33.7 50.4 43.6 46.2 22.1 35.0 53.5 28.9 47.0 52.6 55.5 

1997 starting cohort.................... 48.9 52.1 27.7 38.8 57.5 35.0 47.7 44.4 47.3 21.5 34.8 54.3 32.2 44.9 52.5 56.0 

1998 starting cohort.................... 49.8 52.8 28.8 41.0 59.7 32.2 50.1 44.9 47.7 21.4 36.2 55.9 27.8 46.6 53.8 57.0 

1999 starting cohort.................... 50.2 53.3 28.3 42.2 60.4 35.5 50.5 45.4 48.3 21.9 36.5 56.7 31.3 46.8 54.0 57.3 

2000 starting cohort.................... 50.3 53.5 28.2 42.9 58.8 36.0 50.3 46.0 48.9 22.3 38.2 56.1 33.2 48.0 53.7 57.3 

2001 starting cohort.................... 50.9 53.9 30.2 43.4 61.3 37.8 53.9 45.8 48.8 22.3 37.9 56.3 33.2 49.4 55.0 58.0 

2002 starting cohort.................... 51.0 54.0 29.4 44.1 61.0 36.6 54.8 46.3 49.1 22.9 38.8 57.6 32.1 50.6 54.7 57.8 

For-profit institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 21.8 26.3 14.8 20.1 24.6 16.5 33.8 22.3 25.5 16.1 23.0 27.7 25.6 33.1 21.1 27.5 

1997 starting cohort.................... 19.1 21.6 12.1 19.5 31.9 13.0 27.9 20.9 23.1 13.2 22.3 37.0 10.2 23.3 16.6 19.4 

1998 starting cohort.................... 19.9 23.8 15.8 21.7 31.8 11.6 29.9 22.2 25.6 17.6 22.5 32.2 13.6 30.1 17.5 21.5 

1999 starting cohort.................... 22.1 25.6 18.5 25.4 34.4 10.2 24.1 23.3 25.9 18.8 26.6 34.0 11.5 22.4 20.4 25.0 

2000 starting cohort.................... 25.7 30.3 22.5 27.4 42.7 28.0 36.5 30.1 34.3 23.7 30.9 44.5 28.7 36.7 20.7 24.5 

2001 starting cohort.................... 18.6 24.6 19.1 22.4 27.3 13.8 17.5 21.8 28.0 20.0 25.7 30.6 17.5 17.5 15.2 20.1 

2002 starting cohort.................... 14.2 17.5 10.0 19.1 29.4 11.2 3.4 17.0 20.9 11.8 20.1 33.3 17.6 4.0 11.6 14.0 

Percent of bachelor’s degree-seeking students completing bachelor's degrees within 5 years after start

All 4-year institutions1996 starting cohort ....................... 50.2 53.3 33.3 38.9 56.4 33.3 54.3 46.2 49.2 27.0 34.4 51.8 31.2 51.5 53.6 56.8 

1997 starting cohort ....................... 51.1 54.3 34.0 39.3 58.1 31.7 53.0 47.2 50.3 27.7 34.7 53.7 28.2 50.6 54.4 57.7 

1998 starting cohort ....................... 51.5 54.5 34.4 40.2 59.1 31.9 54.1 47.7 50.7 28.1 35.5 54.4 28.0 51.4 54.6 57.7 

1999 starting cohort ....................... 52.3 55.2 35.4 42.0 60.3 33.0 55.1 48.4 51.4 28.8 36.6 55.7 29.5 52.2 55.5 58.4 

2000 starting cohort ....................... 52.6 55.7 36.0 42.4 60.1 35.1 55.2 49.0 52.0 29.9 37.8 56.5 31.6 53.0 55.6 58.8 

2001 starting cohort ....................... 52.6 55.8 35.8 42.1 60.5 34.8 55.6 48.6 51.9 28.9 37.3 56.0 31.5 52.4 55.8 59.1 

2002 starting cohort ....................... 52.3 55.7 34.3 42.5 61.0 33.8 50.6 48.7 52.1 28.2 37.5 57.4 30.9 49.3 55.2 58.6 

Public institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 45.9 49.0 30.5 34.1 51.3 30.0 46.5 41.6 44.6 24.0 29.4 46.4 27.7 44.1 49.5 52.7 

1997 starting cohort.................... 46.9 49.9 31.8 34.6 53.7 28.2 47.4 42.6 45.5 25.3 29.5 48.7 24.5 44.6 50.5 53.7 

1998 starting cohort.................... 47.4 50.3 32.1 35.1 54.5 29.2 47.1 43.2 46.2 25.3 30.0 49.2 24.9 44.7 50.8 53.9 

1999 starting cohort.................... 48.3 51.0 33.7 37.4 56.1 29.3 49.9 44.0 46.9 26.4 31.8 50.9 25.5 47.3 51.8 54.5 

2000 starting cohort.................... 49.1 51.9 34.6 38.0 56.8 31.9 49.8 44.8 47.6 27.4 32.6 52.1 27.7 47.2 52.7 55.5 

2001 starting cohort.................... 49.1 52.0 33.7 37.8 57.2 31.8 50.0 44.9 47.8 26.5 32.6 52.5 28.4 47.2 52.6 55.6 

2002 starting cohort.................... 49.2 52.2 32.9 38.8 57.7 30.8 50.4 45.3 48.3 26.0 33.7 53.7 27.5 47.0 52.5 55.4 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Not-for-profit institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 59.2 61.8 40.2 51.4 68.7 45.2 60.4 55.8 58.5 34.0 47.4 65.9 42.9 57.7 61.8 64.5 

1997 starting cohort.................... 59.9 63.0 39.7 50.9 68.6 44.5 57.6 57.0 60.1 33.4 47.8 66.3 42.7 55.8 62.2 65.3 

1998 starting cohort.................... 60.5 63.2 40.6 53.3 70.8 42.5 60.3 57.4 60.2 34.4 49.7 68.8 39.6 57.6 62.9 65.6 

1999 starting cohort.................... 61.0 64.0 39.9 54.1 71.5 47.0 60.8 58.1 61.2 33.9 49.3 69.7 44.5 58.4 63.3 66.2 

2000 starting cohort.................... 60.8 63.8 39.9 55.1 70.0 46.9 60.4 58.5 61.3 35.1 51.7 69.9 45.9 58.9 62.7 65.8 

2001 starting cohort.................... 61.6 64.4 41.6 55.5 72.1 47.6 64.3 58.2 61.3 34.4 51.2 69.3 44.1 60.4 64.3 66.9 

2002 starting cohort.................... 61.3 64.2 40.2 55.7 71.1 46.7 64.7 58.5 61.5 34.7 51.4 70.0 44.0 61.9 63.5 66.4 

For-profit institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 25.4 30.1 17.8 23.1 27.3 19.8 51.6 25.6 29.2 18.1 25.4 29.9 30.8 51.0 25.1 31.4 

1997 starting cohort.................... 22.5 25.1 15.4 22.5 35.5 13.9 39.5 24.0 26.2 16.0 24.6 40.5 10.2 36.5 20.4 23.5 

1998 starting cohort.................... 23.1 27.0 18.3 26.5 35.1 16.9 35.4 25.1 28.5 20.3 27.1 35.1 17.0 34.9 20.9 25.2 

1999 starting cohort.................... 26.9 31.0 22.7 30.0 38.0 13.1 32.4 27.6 30.4 22.6 30.8 37.5 14.9 28.9 26.1 32.0 

2000 starting cohort.................... 30.0 34.8 28.0 31.3 45.1 29.4 44.0 33.6 38.1 27.6 34.4 46.4 28.7 43.1 25.9 30.0 

2001 starting cohort.................... 22.4 28.2 22.4 27.1 32.3 16.2 21.5 25.1 31.3 23.2 29.6 33.8 18.3 21.5 19.6 24.0 

2002 starting cohort.................... 17.2 20.7 12.5 22.7 32.0 12.6 6.0 19.9 24.1 14.3 23.6 35.4 18.5 6.3 14.7 17.3 

Percent of bachelor’s degree-seeking students completing bachelor's degrees within 6 years after start

All 4-year institutions1996 starting cohort ....................... 55.4 58.1 38.9 45.7 63.4 38.0 58.0 52.0 54.8 32.8 41.3 59.5 36.2 55.4 58.2 60.9 

1997 starting cohort ....................... 56.0 58.7 40.0 45.8 64.4 36.7 57.2 52.8 55.6 33.7 41.4 60.7 33.7 54.6 58.7 61.4 

1998 starting cohort ....................... 56.4 59.0 40.4 46.9 65.5 36.4 58.1 53.1 55.9 34.1 42.1 61.6 32.8 55.6 59.0 61.6 

1999 starting cohort ....................... 57.1 59.7 40.9 48.5 66.3 38.3 59.4 53.7 56.5 34.3 43.3 62.4 35.3 56.4 59.8 62.4 

2000 starting cohort ....................... 57.5 60.2 42.1 49.1 66.7 40.2 59.6 54.3 57.1 35.6 44.6 62.9 37.1 56.8 60.2 62.8 

2001 starting cohort ....................... 57.3 60.3 41.5 48.3 66.5 39.5 59.3 54.2 57.3 34.6 44.1 62.7 36.1 56.4 60.0 62.8 

2002 starting cohort1 ...................... 57.2 60.2 40.1 48.9 67.1 38.3 55.3 54.1 57.3 34.0 44.1 64.0 35.1 53.9 59.7 62.5 

Open admissions ........................ 27.1 32.9 18.4 25.8 30.3 13.6 16.8 25.4 31.2 14.8 21.9 31.8 12.1 17.3 28.6 34.4 

90 percent or more accepted...... 45.9 48.2 30.4 33.8 53.1 35.4 53.1 42.5 44.9 26.0 28.5 51.1 33.0 48.8 48.8 51.2 

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted .... 54.6 57.0 40.5 47.0 55.6 34.0 57.2 51.3 53.8 34.9 42.1 52.5 29.7 53.0 57.2 59.6 

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted .... 59.9 62.8 43.7 51.9 65.1 45.8 59.2 56.4 59.5 36.9 46.4 61.7 42.8 56.8 62.7 65.5 25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted .... 73.1 78.8 47.2 62.1 82.3 67.2 75.2 71.0 77.2 39.8 57.7 79.4 61.2 72.9 74.7 80.2 Less than 25.0 percent accepted 82.8 84.5 57.5 83.6 93.1 76.0 90.6 82.3 84.5 53.4 80.4 91.2 72.4 89.6 83.5 84.4 

Public institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 51.7 54.3 36.8 42.1 59.5 35.3 51.3 48.1 50.8 30.3 37.5 55.2 33.1 48.8 54.7 57.4 

1997 starting cohort.................... 52.8 55.4 38.2 42.6 61.4 33.7 52.2 49.3 52.1 31.6 37.7 57.4 30.5 49.7 55.7 58.2 

1998 starting cohort.................... 53.2 55.7 38.9 43.3 62.2 34.1 51.7 49.8 52.5 32.3 38.0 57.9 30.0 49.6 56.1 58.4 

1999 starting cohort.................... 54.1 56.4 39.8 45.3 63.3 35.2 54.9 50.5 53.1 32.9 39.9 59.0 31.9 52.6 57.0 59.2 

2000 starting cohort.................... 54.8 57.1 40.8 46.0 64.1 37.5 54.6 51.3 53.8 34.1 41.1 60.0 33.6 52.1 57.7 59.9 

2001 starting cohort.................... 55.0 57.5 40.1 45.7 64.5 37.2 55.0 51.7 54.5 33.1 41.1 60.6 33.8 52.5 57.8 60.2 

2002 starting cohort1 .................. 54.9 57.4 39.4 46.3 64.7 35.7 55.5 51.7 54.4 32.9 41.4 61.3 32.2 52.5 57.5 59.9 

Open admissions .................... 30.7 35.0 19.9 28.0 35.6 11.3 33.5 27.2 31.7 16.0 23.1 31.3 9.1 29.5 33.7 37.8 90 percent or more accepted .. 43.5 45.5 30.7 32.4 51.7 34.6 52.4 40.8 42.9 26.3 27.4 49.3 32.3 46.5 46.0 48.0 75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted 52.2 54.5 39.9 44.3 53.4 32.0 56.1 49.1 51.5 34.1 39.8 50.5 27.6 52.5 54.8 56.9 50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted 58.9 61.5 43.3 51.5 65.1 43.9 55.6 55.6 58.4 36.0 46.4 61.7 40.3 53.7 61.7 64.1 25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted 67.3 75.1 41.9 53.0 78.7 65.8 66.1 64.1 71.8 34.6 48.2 75.5 59.0 63.4 69.8 77.8 Less than 25.0 percent 

accepted ........................... 72.6 73.9 45.5 72.9 88.7 68.2 74.4 73.1 75.5 44.0 69.5 85.3 66.7 71.3 71.8 71.1 

See notes at end of table.

Table 341. Graduation rates of first-time postsecondary students who started as full-time degree-seeking students, by sex, race/ethnicity, time between starting 

control of institution where student started: Selected cohort entry years, 1996 through 2005—Continued

Level and control of institution and entry year

All first-time, full-time degree-seekers Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Not-for-profit institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 63.1 65.7 44.6 55.7 73.5 48.1 63.4 60.4 63.0 38.9 52.1 71.5 46.7 60.9 65.4 67.9 

1997 starting cohort.................... 63.0 65.6 45.0 54.5 71.9 48.0 61.4 60.4 63.2 39.0 51.8 69.6 46.5 59.0 65.1 67.6 

1998 starting cohort.................... 63.7 66.2 45.0 57.1 74.4 45.9 63.8 60.8 63.3 38.9 53.6 72.6 44.0 61.1 66.0 68.5 

1999 starting cohort.................... 64.0 66.7 44.1 57.9 74.9 50.6 64.8 61.3 64.2 37.9 53.3 73.0 48.6 61.5 66.3 68.8 

2000 starting cohort.................... 64.5 67.0 45.9 59.0 75.2 50.9 64.5 61.7 64.4 39.3 55.3 73.1 50.1 61.7 66.7 69.1 

2001 starting cohort.................... 64.4 66.9 45.9 58.7 75.2 50.3 66.8 61.4 64.3 38.9 55.0 72.6 47.0 63.3 66.7 69.0 

2002 starting cohort1 .................. 64.6 67.2 44.9 59.5 75.3 49.8 68.3 61.9 64.8 38.6 55.4 73.8 46.6 65.4 66.7 69.1 

Open admissions .................... 35.4 44.0 23.2 28.1 40.7 21.0 36.2 32.9 42.2 17.5 23.0 44.9 20.6 37.2 37.7 45.7 

90 percent or more accepted .. 53.8 56.3 27.6 42.3 58.7 44.2 54.3 48.9 51.4 22.9 40.5 58.6 45.2 52.8 57.8 60.3 

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted 59.7 62.3 42.6 53.6 60.7 45.2 58.7 56.2 58.9 37.5 47.7 58.1 40.8 54.0 62.3 64.8 50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted 63.4 66.7 45.9 55.0 67.1 51.7 64.3 60.0 63.6 40.1 49.1 65.3 48.3 61.3 65.9 69.2 25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted 79.2 82.3 56.7 75.1 87.2 71.2 79.2 78.4 81.8 49.8 72.9 85.3 65.8 77.1 79.9 82.7 Less than 25.0 percent 

accepted ........................... 89.1 91.4 65.5 90.2 96.2 81.1 92.9 88.8 91.6 59.5 87.9 95.8 77.6 92.6 89.5 91.1 

For-profit institutions1996 starting cohort.................... 28.0 33.2 19.2 24.6 28.9 23.1 54.0 28.0 32.3 19.4 26.7 31.7 30.8 53.0 27.9 34.5 

1997 starting cohort.................... 24.0 26.6 17.8 23.4 38.0 18.5 41.5 25.4 27.5 18.1 25.6 43.4 13.6 37.6 22.2 25.2 

1998 starting cohort.................... 24.5 28.4 19.6 28.2 37.0 17.5 41.9 26.4 29.6 21.6 29.1 37.0 17.0 38.4 22.5 26.8 

1999 starting cohort.................... 29.1 33.6 24.4 31.9 40.8 14.8 34.2 29.5 32.5 24.2 32.2 40.1 14.9 30.0 28.6 35.3 

2000 starting cohort.................... 32.6 38.1 29.7 33.8 47.3 30.4 47.5 35.5 40.2 29.8 36.2 48.4 30.3 46.3 29.1 35.1 

2001 starting cohort.................... 24.5 30.3 23.8 28.8 34.3 16.6 22.5 27.6 33.6 24.4 31.5 36.3 18.3 22.2 21.1 25.8 

2002 starting cohort.................... 22.0 25.5 16.3 27.5 35.5 17.1 12.5 23.6 27.8 16.6 26.7 38.4 23.5 11.7 20.5 23.1 

Percent completing certificates or associate's degrees within 150 percent of normal time

All 2-year institutions1999 starting cohort ....................... 29.3 30.7 23.3 27.0 30.8 25.1 27.3 28.2 29.7 20.8 25.8 29.1 24.2 24.9 30.2 31.7 

2000 starting cohort ....................... 30.5 31.5 26.1 30.1 33.3 29.3 25.5 28.7 30.0 23.1 27.9 30.1 28.3 22.9 32.1 33.0 

2001 starting cohort ....................... 30.0 31.1 24.3 30.3 32.7 28.6 27.8 28.5 29.9 22.0 28.1 29.1 27.1 23.7 31.3 32.2 

2002 starting cohort ....................... 29.3 30.4 24.2 30.7 31.4 26.3 26.7 27.2 28.6 21.3 27.0 28.7 23.7 22.5 30.9 32.0 

2003 starting cohort ....................... 29.1 29.9 24.2 30.2 31.7 25.9 27.2 27.2 28.5 20.6 26.8 29.4 22.4 22.6 30.7 31.2 

2004 starting cohort ....................... 27.8 29.0 22.9 26.3 30.2 26.7 32.9 25.7 27.3 19.1 22.6 27.9 23.6 30.1 29.6 30.5 

2005 starting cohort ....................... 27.5 28.5 22.6 25.7 31.5 24.9 32.2 25.3 27.0 18.6 21.8 28.4 23.4 29.4 29.3 29.9 

Public institutions1999 starting cohort.................... 22.9 25.3 15.3 16.6 24.2 18.1 25.0 21.6 23.7 14.1 15.0 21.8 17.3 22.1 24.2 26.8 

2000 starting cohort.................... 23.6 25.7 17.8 16.8 25.5 19.6 23.2 22.2 24.2 16.5 15.4 22.6 19.3 20.4 24.8 27.1 

2001 starting cohort.................... 22.9 25.2 14.7 17.5 25.6 21.2 25.2 21.7 23.8 14.1 16.2 22.3 19.9 21.5 24.0 26.6 

2002 starting cohort.................... 21.9 24.5 13.2 16.7 23.8 18.8 25.5 20.9 23.2 13.1 15.2 21.8 16.9 21.4 22.8 25.8 

2003 starting cohort.................... 21.5 24.1 12.7 16.3 24.8 17.9 25.8 20.8 23.0 12.5 15.2 22.7 16.4 21.3 22.2 25.1 

2004 starting cohort.................... 20.3 22.9 11.5 15.0 24.2 17.8 30.5 19.6 21.8 11.5 13.8 22.6 17.5 27.8 21.0 24.0 

2005 starting cohort.................... 20.6 22.9 12.1 15.6 25.8 18.2 29.9 19.9 22.1 12.0 14.6 23.5 18.7 27.4 21.2 23.8 

Not-for-profit institutions1999 starting cohort.................... 44.7 45.6 42.4 36.9 56.6 51.3 47.5 43.6 43.7 34.5 43.7 59.5 48.1 45.3 45.7 47.3 

2000 starting cohort.................... 50.1 49.6 37.5 56.3 61.4 62.1 43.1 49.5 49.3 31.7 54.3 62.5 64.5 42.6 50.7 50.0 

2001 starting cohort.................... 54.8 58.9 48.8 45.6 55.9 35.7 54.2 57.0 62.4 48.4 45.0 56.8 35.4 41.4 51.9 53.9 

2002 starting cohort.................... 49.1 55.1 36.5 46.1 49.5 20.3 45.3 51.1 58.8 33.0 42.9 56.0 21.7 35.3 47.3 51.4 

2003 starting cohort.................... 49.0 56.0 35.8 39.4 50.1 17.9 64.2 49.6 57.0 31.4 42.4 48.1 16.8 51.6 48.5 55.0 

2004 starting cohort.................... 44.4 48.9 37.3 35.6 36.6 19.5 54.7 43.2 46.4 38.3 36.4 40.3 17.5 52.0 45.4 51.1 

2005 starting cohort.................... 48.2 52.3 41.6 47.3 41.6 14.8 51.7 44.5 49.1 38.7 42.9 43.7 10.4 47.7 51.3 54.9 

See notes at end of table.

Table 341. Graduation rates of first-time postsecondary students who started as full-time degree-seeking students, by sex, race/ethnicity, time between starting 

control of institution where student started: Selected cohort entry years, 1996 through 2005—Continued

Level and control of institution and entry year

All first-time, full-time degree-seekers Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes data for institutions not reporting admissions data.NOTE: Totals include data for persons whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanicethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statondary Education Data System, Fall 2001, and Spring 2002 through Spring 2

For-profit institutions1999 starting cohort.................... 61.0 64.6 51.3 63.2 64.4 54.2 59.3 63.2 67.5 49.0 62.9 67.5 56.2 72.3 59.1 61.8 

2000 starting cohort.................... 59.1 63.1 47.6 60.3 64.4 60.3 55.4 59.3 63.7 45.6 58.2 63.1 55.9 55.0 58.9 62.6 

2001 starting cohort.................... 58.7 64.1 48.2 60.8 63.3 61.2 64.2 58.9 65.7 45.9 58.5 60.5 62.7 58.3 58.5 62.8 

2002 starting cohort.................... 57.1 61.0 49.3 59.7 61.7 58.1 58.9 56.6 62.0 45.9 56.1 59.7 58.4 61.9 57.4 60.3 

2003 starting cohort.................... 57.2 61.8 48.4 60.0 55.8 59.1 36.5 58.0 63.7 45.7 56.9 62.0 59.5 36.7 56.8 60.4 

2004 starting cohort.................... 58.2 64.3 48.4 59.6 65.4 59.0 71.1 58.1 65.4 44.6 55.4 64.3 59.6 69.4 58.3 63.4 

2005 starting cohort.................... 57.7 62.9 47.8 61.4 65.8 55.8 57.7 57.7 64.8 43.1 57.5 65.7 56.3 56.3 57.7 61.6 

Table 341. Graduation rates of first-time postsecondary students who started as full-time degree-seeking students, by sex, race/ethnicity, time between starting 

control of institution where student started: Selected cohort entry years, 1996 through 2005—Continued

Level and control of institution and entry year

All first-time, full-time degree-seekers Males 

Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White Black Hispanic

Asian/

Pacific

Islander

American

Indian/Alaska

Native

Nonresident

alien Total White 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
488 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Outcomes

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Adjusted student counts exclude students who died or were totally and permanently disabled,

served in the armed forces (including those called to active duty), served with a foreign aid service of the federal government (e.g., Peace Corps), or served on official church missions.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2006–07 to

2007–08 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Spring 2008 and Spring 2009.

(This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 342. Retention of first-time degree-seeking undergraduates at degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, control and type of 

institution, and percentage of applications accepted: 2006 to 2008

Control, type, and percent of applications accepted

First-time degree-seekers (adjusted 

entry cohort),1

 by entry year

Students from adjusted cohort 

returning in the following year

Percent of first-time 

undergraduates retained

2006 2007 2007 2008 2006 to 2007 2007 to 2008

1 23456 7

Full-time student retention

All institutions............................................................................................. 2,171,714 2,269,712 1,542,175 1,619,269 71.0 71.3

Public institutions ........................................................................................ 1,524,044 1,603,819 1,072,644 1,132,790 70.4 70.6

Not-for-profit institutions.............................................................................. 466,139 477,369 369,084 375,721 79.2 78.7

For-profit institutions ................................................................................... 181,531 188,524 100,447 110,758 55.3 58.8

4-year institutions........................................................................................ 1,458,731 1,505,161 1,115,529 1,152,921 76.5 76.6

Public institutions .................................................................................... 912,401 936,000 711,490 732,384 78.0 78.2

Open admissions................................................................................. 62,724 60,815 38,839 38,724 61.9 63.7

90 percent or more accepted .............................................................. 68,835 66,114 49,274 46,731 71.6 70.7

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted............................................................. 244,177 237,913 185,457 180,287 76.0 75.8

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted............................................................. 417,093 439,824 336,199 356,969 80.6 81.2

25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted............................................................. 103,118 107,824 88,908 90,123 86.2 83.6

Less than 25.0 percent accepted ........................................................ 7,716 10,223 7,048 9,479 91.3 92.7

Information not available ..................................................................... 8,738 13,287 5,765 10,071 66.0 75.8

Not-for-profit institutions .......................................................................... 457,566 468,955 363,760 370,740 79.5 79.1

Open admissions................................................................................. 26,679 26,571 16,116 15,227 60.4 57.3

90 percent or more accepted .............................................................. 13,684 16,008 9,549 11,249 69.8 70.3

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted............................................................. 102,218 93,360 78,495 71,066 76.8 76.1

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted............................................................. 190,079 196,121 148,781 152,948 78.3 78.0

25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted............................................................. 93,560 100,121 81,880 86,755 87.5 86.7

Less than 25.0 percent accepted ........................................................ 26,696 28,631 25,639 27,621 96.0 96.5

Information not available ..................................................................... 4,650 8,143 3,300 5,874 71.0 72.1

For-profit institutions................................................................................ 88,764 100,206 40,279 49,797 45.4 49.7

Open admissions................................................................................. 45,273 46,801 18,735 22,723 41.4 48.6

90 percent or more accepted .............................................................. 6,285 5,347 3,454 2,764 55.0 51.7

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted............................................................. 3,703 6,157 2,081 3,129 56.2 50.8

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted............................................................. 12,845 19,724 6,536 10,249 50.9 52.0

25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted............................................................. 18,142 18,118 8,036 8,672 44.3 47.9

Less than 25.0 percent accepted ........................................................ 0 410 0 312 † 76.1

Information not available ..................................................................... 2,516 3,649 1,437 1,948 57.1 53.4

2-year institutions........................................................................................ 712,983 764,551 426,646 466,348 59.8 61.0

Public institutions .................................................................................... 611,643 667,819 361,154 400,406 59.0 60.0

Not-for-profit institutions .......................................................................... 8,573 8,414 5,324 4,981 62.1 59.2

For-profit institutions................................................................................ 92,767 88,318 60,168 60,961 64.9 69.0

Part-time student retention

All institutions............................................................................................. 463,234 532,827 191,586 219,857 41.4 41.3

Public institutions ........................................................................................ 419,006 475,209 171,746 194,321 41.0 40.9

Not-for-profit institutions.............................................................................. 14,585 14,414 7,018 6,523 48.1 45.3

For-profit institutions ................................................................................... 29,643 43,204 12,822 19,013 43.3 44.0

4-year institutions........................................................................................ 82,367 95,410 38,257 43,441 46.4 45.5

Public institutions .................................................................................... 48,353 48,190 23,631 23,006 48.9 47.7

Open admissions................................................................................. 20,223 20,645 8,298 9,122 41.0 44.2

90 percent or more accepted .............................................................. 3,745 3,450 1,909 1,667 51.0 48.3

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted............................................................. 8,969 8,145 4,196 3,818 46.8 46.9

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted............................................................. 11,599 12,236 6,766 6,245 58.3 51.0

25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted............................................................. 3,373 3,023 2,223 1,866 65.9 61.7

Less than 25.0 percent accepted ........................................................ 65 44 50 34 76.9 77.3

Information not available ..................................................................... 379 647 189 254 49.9 39.3

Not-for-profit institutions .......................................................................... 12,828 12,886 6,045 5,614 47.1 43.6

Open admissions................................................................................. 5,446 5,330 2,579 2,306 47.4 43.3

90 percent or more accepted .............................................................. 523 1,272 237 434 45.3 34.1

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted............................................................. 2,459 2,132 1,047 895 42.6 42.0

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted............................................................. 3,131 2,899 1,406 1,307 44.9 45.1

25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted............................................................. 853 917 452 478 53.0 52.1

Less than 25.0 percent accepted ........................................................ 112 94 86 84 76.8 89.4

Information not available ..................................................................... 304 242 238 110 78.3 45.5

For-profit institutions................................................................................ 21,186 34,334 8,581 14,821 40.5 43.2

Open admissions................................................................................. 10,515 20,602 4,105 9,896 39.0 48.0

90 percent or more accepted .............................................................. 2,212 1,616 639 735 28.9 45.5

75.0 to 89.9 percent accepted............................................................. 2,838 2,702 1,342 959 47.3 35.5

50.0 to 74.9 percent accepted............................................................. 2,774 4,360 1,134 1,399 40.9 32.1

25.0 to 49.9 percent accepted............................................................. 2,033 3,185 627 951 30.8 29.9

Less than 25.0 percent accepted ........................................................ 0 170 0 67 † 39.4

Information not available ..................................................................... 814 1,699 734 814 90.2 47.9

2-year institutions........................................................................................ 380,867 437,417 153,329 176,416 40.3 40.3

Public institutions .................................................................................... 370,653 427,019 148,115 171,315 40.0 40.1

Not-for-profit institutions .......................................................................... 1,757 1,528 973 909 55.4 59.5

For-profit institutions................................................................................ 8,457 8,870 4,241 4,192 50.1 47.3
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 343. Percentage distribution of enrollment and completion status of first-time postsecondary students starting during the 1995–96 academic year, by type 

characteristics: 2001

Student and institution characteristic

Students starting in 2-year institutions Students starting in 4

Highest degree attained

No degree,

still enrolled

No degree,

not enrolled

Highest degree attained

Total, any

degree1 Certificate Associate’s Bachelor’s2

Total, any

degree1 Certificate Associate’s 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Total........................................................................... 38.4 (1.7) 11.5 (1.2) 17.3 (1.3) 9.7 (1.1) 16.4 (1.4) 45.2 (1.6) 65.1 (1.0) 2.7 (0.3) 4.0 (0.4) 

Sex

Male ............................................................................... 39.2 (2.4) 10.8 (1.6) 18.7 (1.9) 9.7 (1.5) 18.0 (2.2) 42.8 (2.4) 60.6 (1.4) 2.5 (0.4) 3.6 (0.6) 

Female........................................................................... 37.7 (2.2) 12.0 (1.6) 15.9 (1.7) 9.8 (1.4) 14.9 (1.7) 47.4 (2.2) 68.7 (1.3) 2.9 (0.3) 4.3 (0.5) 

Age when first enrolled 

18 years or younger ....................................................... 43.8 (2.3) 7.3 (1.2) 19.4 (2.0) 17.0 (1.9) 17.8 (2.1) 38.4 (2.1) 70.0 (1.0) 1.8 (0.2) 3.4 (0.4) 

19 years ......................................................................... 38.2 (4.1) 8.2 (2.0) 24.3 (4.0) 5.7 (2.2) 20.9 (3.6) 40.9 (4.0) 57.1 (2.8) 3.3 (0.9) 6.0 (1.3) 

20 to 23 years ................................................................ 29.9 (4.2) 13.1 (3.0) 13.0 (3.4) 3.7 (1.6) 20.1 (4.2) 50.0 (4.8) 37.7 (3.8) 8.7 (2.1) 6.7 (2.1) 

24 to 29 years ................................................................ 36.5 (4.8) 25.6 (4.6) 8.4 (2.2) 2.5 (1.5) 11.0 (3.5) 52.6 (5.1) 34.4 (5.5) 4.3 (1.8) 7.2 (3.5) 

30 years or over ............................................................. 30.6 (5.5) 14.1 (3.8) 14.5 (3.3) 2.0 (1.5) 8.7 (2.4) 60.7 (5.8) 26.1 (4.3) 11.5 (3.5) 4.3 (1.6) 

Race/ethnicity 

White.............................................................................. 40.5 (2.0) 10.9 (1.3) 18.2 (1.5) 11.4 (1.6) 16.5 (1.7) 43.0 (2.0) 68.1 (1.1) 2.4 (0.3) 3.8 (0.4) 

Black .............................................................................. 28.4 (4.2) 16.7 (4.0) 8.5 (2.3) 3.2 (1.3) 13.3 (2.9) 58.3 (4.3) 51.3 (2.6) 4.6 (1.0) 3.2 (0.8) Hispanic ......................................................................... 34.3 (4.8) 11.1 (3.2) 17.8 (3.2) 5.5 (2.3) 18.1 (3.3) 47.6 (4.8) 53.9 (2.3) 3.1 (0.7) 6.8 (1.7) 

Asian/Pacific Islander..................................................... 41.9 (9.2) 11.6 (6.4) 23.0 (8.2) 7.4 (3.7) 21.2 (7.7) 36.9 (8.7) 71.3 (3.1) 0.2 (0.2) 2.0 (0.8) 

American Indian/Alaska Native...................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 55.4 (10.6) ‡ (†) 3.7 (3.7) 

Highest education level of parents 

High school diploma or less........................................... 36.5 (2.3) 13.5 (1.8) 17.0 (1.9) 6.0 (1.2) 12.4 (1.6) 51.1 (2.4) 52.0 (1.6) 4.1 (0.6) 4.8 (0.6) Some postsecondary..................................................... 32.8 (3.3) 10.1 (2.1) 14.3 (2.6) 8.4 (2.0) 19.0 (2.8) 48.2 (2.9) 59.5 (1.9) 3.1 (0.7) 5.4 (1.1) 

Bachelor’s degree .......................................................... 47.7 (4.2) 9.1 (2.3) 22.4 (3.7) 16.2 (3.2) 18.8 (3.5) 33.5 (3.9) 72.1 (1.5) 1.8 (0.4) 4.0 (0.6) 

Advanced degree........................................................... 45.4 (6.0) 3.1 (2.0) 17.2 (4.4) 25.2 (5.5) 25.2 (5.4) 29.4 (6.0) 76.5 (1.7) 1.2 (0.3) 1.4 (0.3) 

Dependency status when first enrolled

Dependent ..................................................................... 42.1 (2.2) 8.2 (1.2) 20.1 (1.8) 13.8 (1.7) 18.3 (1.9) 39.6 (2.1) 68.0 (1.0) 2.1 (0.2) 3.6 (0.4) 

Independent................................................................... 32.9 (3.1) 17.6 (2.4) 12.3 (1.9) 3.0 (0.9) 13.8 (2.4) 53.4 (3.5) 35.9 (2.9) 8.8 (1.7) 6.4 (1.6) 

Dependent student family income in 1994 

Less than $25,000 ......................................................... 43.0 (3.8) 10.9 (2.6) 24.5 (3.4) 7.6 (2.1) 14.3 (2.6) 42.7 (3.5) 58.8 (1.8) 3.4 (0.7) 5.1 (1.0) 

$25,000 to $44,999........................................................ 41.2 (4.5) 10.5 (2.3) 16.4 (2.9) 14.3 (2.7) 19.1 (3.0) 39.6 (3.6) 61.7 (1.7) 2.3 (0.4) 4.4 (0.8) $45,000 to $69,999........................................................ 40.2 (3.8) 5.3 (1.8) 22.1 (3.2) 12.8 (2.5) 19.3 (3.5) 40.5 (4.0) 69.1 (1.6) 1.7 (0.4) 3.7 (0.7) 

$70,000 or more ............................................................ 44.7 (5.5) 4.5 (1.8) 15.8 (3.6) 24.4 (4.5) 22.1 (4.2) 33.2 (4.8) 77.4 (1.3) 1.6 (0.4) 2.0 (0.4) 

Timing of postsecondary enrollment 

Did not delay3................................................................. 43.9 (2.3) 7.0 (1.1) 20.9 (2.0) 15.9 (1.8) 18.4 (2.0) 37.7 (2.1) 69.2 (1.0) 1.9 (0.2) 3.3 (0.4) 

Delayed entry................................................................. 32.8 (2.7) 15.6 (2.0) 13.7 (1.8) 3.5 (1.0) 14.9 (2.0) 52.3 (2.8) 45.0 (2.2) 6.6 (1.0) 7.0 (1.3) 

Attendance status when first enrolled

Full-time ......................................................................... 47.3 (2.4) 10.2 (1.4) 21.3 (1.9) 15.8 (2.1) 15.9 (2.0) 36.8 (2.3) 69.3 (1.0) 1.9 (0.2) 4.0 (0.4) 

Part-time ........................................................................ 29.5 (3.2) 13.9 (2.7) 12.2 (2.3) 3.4 (1.0) 15.6 (2.4) 54.9 (3.4) 33.4 (3.2) 7.3 (2.0) 2.1 (0.8) 

Intensity of enrollment through 2001 

Always part-time ............................................................ 13.2 (2.9) 11.5 (2.8) 1.7 (0.8) # (†) 13.3 (3.0) 73.4 (3.8) 10.3 (2.9) 9.7 (2.9) 0.6 (0.6) 

Mixed ............................................................................. 42.3 (2.5) 12.6 (1.7) 20.8 (2.0) 8.9 (1.3) 21.7 (2.1) 36.0 (2.2) 51.7 (1.5) 4.4 (0.6) 5.5 (0.6) Always full-time .............................................................. 49.5 (3.2) 9.3 (1.4) 22.0 (2.8) 18.1 (3.1) 9.1 (1.8) 41.4 (3.1) 74.2 (1.1) 1.5 (0.2) 3.3 (0.5) 

Degree goal at first institution 

Certificate ...................................................................... 45.2 (5.1) 38.4 (5.3) 6.2 (2.3) 0.7 (0.4) 6.8 (2.5) 48.0 (4.8) 37.7 (7.0) 16.1 (6.2) 14.2 (7.5) 

Associate’s degree......................................................... 40.9 (2.3) 8.7 (1.3) 24.7 (2.1) 7.5 (1.4) 15.6 (2.0) 43.5 (2.3) 52.6 (4.2) 7.3 (2.4) 24.7 (3.7) Bachelor’s degree .......................................................... 40.3 4 (3.7) 6.0 4 (1.9) 11.7 4 (2.4) 22.6 4 (3.3) 21.9 4 (3.5) 37.8 4 (3.4) 67.6 (1.0) 2.1 (0.3) 2.7 (0.3) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. #Rounds to zero. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Includes a small percentage of students who had attained a degree and were still enrolled. Includes recipients of degrees not

shown separately.

2Includes a small percentage of students who had attained an advanced degree.3Includes students with a standard high school diploma who enrolled in postsecondary education in the same year as theirgraduation.4Includes students whose goal was to transfer to a 4-year institution.

5Determined by a socioeconomic diversity index that includes parental incomlevel, parental education, and the proportion of the student body at the stureduced-price lunch.NOTE: Data reflect completion and enrollment status by spring 2001 of first-timyear 1995–96. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. DetaStandard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stadents Longitudinal Study (BPS:96/01). (This table was prepared August 2003

Worked while enrolled, 1995–96 

Did not work................................................................... 43.0 (3.0) 13.9 (2.3) 21.5 (2.8) 7.6 (1.9) 10.4 (2.5) 46.6 (3.1) 71.1 (1.3) 2.0 (0.4) 3.7 (0.7) 

Worked part time ........................................................... 44.7 (2.6) 8.5 (1.5) 20.9 (2.1) 15.2 (2.0) 18.4 (2.4) 36.9 (2.3) 65.0 (1.3) 2.3 (0.4) 4.0 (0.4) 

Worked full time ............................................................. 27.2 (2.6) 14.3 (2.2) 9.6 (1.5) 3.4 (0.9) 17.0 (2.5) 55.8 (2.9) 41.7 (2.6) 7.1 (1.3) 4.2 (1.1) 

Control of first institution 

Public ............................................................................. 36.7 (1.8) 10.1 (1.3) 16.4 (1.4) 10.3 (1.3) 17.4 (1.6) 45.9 (1.7) 60.5 (1.2) 2.8 (0.3) 4.4 (0.6) 

Private, not for profit....................................................... 58.9 (5.4) 19.3 (4.6) 27.8 (3.9) 11.8 (3.3) 8.4 (2.4) 32.7 (4.6) 73.6 (1.7) 1.8 (0.3) 2.8 (0.5) 

Private, for profit............................................................. 55.6 (3.2) 27.8 (3.9) 25.8 (3.9) 2.0 (0.8) 4.3 (1.2) 40.0 (3.4) 52.8 (10.5) 17.9 (7.2) 14.9 (6.0) 

Socioeconomic status in 1995–965

Not disadvantaged......................................................... 41.7 (2.8) 8.9 (1.8) 18.1 (2.1) 14.6 (2.0) 20.4 (2.7) 38.0 (2.7) 71.4 (1.1) 2.0 (0.3) 3.3 (0.4) 

Minimally disadvantaged................................................ 33.9 (2.4) 12.8 (1.7) 14.9 (1.8) 6.2 (1.4) 13.1 (1.6) 53.0 (2.7) 59.8 (1.6) 3.7 (0.6) 5.4 (0.7) Moderately or highly disadvantaged .............................. 43.7 (3.6) 14.6 (3.0) 21.6 (3.4) 7.5 (1.9) 14.5 (2.7) 41.8 (3.7) 47.1 (2.0) 3.7 (0.8) 3.8 (0.8) 

Table 343. Percentage distribution of enrollment and completion status of first-time postsecondary students starting during the 1995–96 academic year, by type 

characteristics: 2001—Continued

Student and institution characteristic

Students starting in 2-year institutions Students starting in 4

Highest degree attained

No degree,

still enrolled

No degree,

not enrolled

Highest degree attained

Total, any

degree1 Certificate Associate’s Bachelor’s2

Total, any

degree1 Certificate Associate’s 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 344. Average scores on Graduate Record Examination (GRE) general and subject tests: 1965 through 2009Academic year ending

Number of

GRE takers

GRE takers

as a percent

of bachelor’s

degrees1

General test sections Subject tests

Verbal Quantitative

Analytical

reasoning

Analytical

writing

Biochemistry,

cell and

molecular

biology Biology Chemistry

Computer

science Education Engineering Lite

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1965.................................. 93,792 18.7 530 (124) 533 (137) † (†) † (†) † (†) 617 (117) 628 (114) † (†) 481 (86) 618 (108) 591 1966.................................. 123,960 23.8 520 (124) 528 (133) † (†) † (†) † (†) 610 (115) 618 (110) † (†) 474 (87) 609 (106) 588 1967.................................. 151,134 27.0 519 (125) 528 (134) † (†) † (†) † (†) 613 (114) 615 (104) † (†) 476 (90) 603 (104) 582 1968.................................. 182,432 28.8 520 (124) 527 (135) † (†) † (†) † (†) 614 (114) 617 (104) † (†) 478 (87) 601 (105) 572 1969.................................. 206,113 28.3 515 (124) 524 (132) † (†) † (†) † (†) 613 (112) 613 (104) † (†) 477 (88) 591 (103) 569 1970.................................. 265,359 33.5 503 (123) 516 (132) † (†) † (†) † (†) 603 (111) 613 (113) † (†) 462 (92) 586 (110) 556 1971.................................. 293,600 35.0 497 (125) 512 (134) † (†) † (†) † (†) 603 (114) 618 (117) † (†) 457 (95) 587 (115) 546 1972.................................. 293,506 33.1 494 (126) 508 (136) † (†) † (†) † (†) 606 (115) 624 (124) † (†) 446 (93) 594 (119) 544 1973.................................. 290,104 31.5 497 (125) 512 (135) † (†) † (†) † (†) 619 (110) 630 (114) † (†) 459 (96) 593 (114) 545 1974.................................. 301,070 31.8 492 (126) 509 (137) † (†) † (†) † (†) 624 (110) 634 (115) † (†) 452 (93) 591 (121) 547 1975.................................. 298,335 32.3 493 (125) 508 (137) † (†) † (†) † (†) — (†) — (†) † (†) — (†) — (†) — 1976.................................. 299,292 32.3 492 (127) 510 (138) † (†) † (†) † (†) 627 (112) 627 (107) — (†) 454 (93) 594 (119) 539 1977.................................. 287,715 31.3 490 (129) 514 (139) † (†) † (†) † (†) 625 (113) 630 (109) — (†) 453 (93) 592 (115) 532 1978.................................. 286,383 31.1 484 (128) 518 (135) † (†) † (†) † (†) 622 (113) 624 (108) — (†) 452 (91) 594 (114) 530 1979.................................. 282,482 30.7 476 (130) 517 (135) † (†) † (†) † (†) 621 (117) 623 (104) — (†) 451 (89) 592 (115) 525 1980.................................. 272,281 29.3 474 (131) 522 (136) † (†) † (†) † (†) 619 (115) 618 (105) — (†) 449 (90) 590 (116) 521 1981.................................. 262,855 28.1 473 (128) 523 (136) † (†) † (†) † (†) 617 (115) 615 (103) — (†) 453 (90) 590 (116) 520 1982.................................. 256,381 26.9 469 (130) 533 (137) 498 (126) † (†) † (†) 616 (114) 616 (105) — (†) 456 (89) 593 (115) 521 

1983.................................. 263,674 27.2 473 (131) 541 (138) 504 (128) † (†) † (†) 623 (115) 620 (105) — (†) 459 (90) 599 (114) 527 

1984.................................. 265,221 27.2 475 (130) 541 (139) 512 (129) † (†) † (†) 622 (115) 619 (102) — (†) 461 (90) 604 (114) 530 

1985.................................. 271,972 27.8 474 (126) 545 (140) 516 (129) † (†) † (†) 619 (114) 621 (101) — (†) 459 (89) 615 (120) 531 1986.................................. 279,428 28.3 475 (126) 552 (140) 520 (129) † (†) † (†) 612 (114) 628 (106) — (†) 464 (87) 616 (119) 527 1987.................................. 293,560 29.6 477 (126) 550 (140) 521 (128) † (†) † (†) 616 (116) 629 (104) — (†) 465 (86) 619 (119) 526 1988.................................. 303,703 30.5 483 (123) 557 (140) 528 (128) † (†) † (†) 615 (114) 631 (108) — (†) 467 (85) 622 (120) 525 1989.................................. 326,096 32.0 484 (125) 560 (142) 530 (129) † (†) † (†) 612 (114) 642 (117) — (†) 465 (87) 626 (116) 528 1990.................................. 344,572 32.8 486 (123) 562 (143) 534 (128) † (†) — (†) 612 (114) 662 (123) — (†) 461 (84) 617 (111) 523 1991.................................. 379,882 34.7 485 (122) 562 (141) 536 (129) † (†) — (†) 609 (113) 660 (123) — (†) 457 (85) 611 (111) 523 1992.................................. 411,528 36.2 483 (120) 561 (140) 537 (129) † (†) — (†) 605 (113) 654 (128) — (†) 462 (82) 610 (117) 525 1993.................................. 400,246 34.4 481 (117) 557 (140) 541 (129) † (†) — (†) 606 (114) 662 (133) — (†) 462 (80) 602 (115) 516 1994.................................. 399,395 2 34.2 479 (116) 553 (139) 545 (129) † (†) — (†) 620 (116) 627 (113) — (†) 493 3 (104) 601 (115) 517 

1995.................................. 389,539 2 33.6 477 (115) 553 (140) 544 (131) † (†) — (†) 622 (116) 675 (138) — (†) 488 3 (102) 596 (113) 513 1996.................................. 376,013 2 32.3 473 (114) 558 (139) 549 (131) † (†) — (†) 614 (114) 678 (135) — (†) 489 3 (104) 604 (119) 512 1997.................................. 376,062 2 32.1 472 (113) 562 (139) 548 (129) † (†) — (†) 620 (115) 684 (143) — (†) 487 3 (103) 602 (114) 525 1998.................................. 364,554 2 30.8 471 (113) 569 (141) 543 (133) † (†) — (†) 628 (113) 686 (137) — (†) 477 3 (100) 609 (118) 530 19994 ................................ 396,330 33.0 468 (114) 565 (143) 542 (133) † (†) — (†) 626 (114) 684 (137) — (†) † (†) 604 (115) 527 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable.

1GRE takers include examinees from inside and outside of the United States, while the bachelor’s degree recipients includeU.S. institutions only.2Total includes examinees who received no score on one or more general test measures.3Data reported for 1994 through 1998 are from the revised education test.4Subject test score data reflect the three-year average for all examinees who tested between October 1 three years prior tothe reported test year and September 30 of the reported test year. These data are not directly comparable with data for mostother years.5Subject test score data reflect the three-year average for all examinees who tested between July 1 three years prior to thereported test year and June 30 of the reported test year. These data are not directly comparable with previous years, exceptfor 1999 and 2000.6Analytical writing test score data reflect the average for all examinees who tested between October 1, 2002, and June 30 ofthe reported test year.7Verbal and quantitative test score data reflect the three-year average for all examinees who tested between July 1 threeyears prior to the reported test year and June 30 of the reported test year. These data are not directly comparable with previous years.

8Analytical writing test score data reflect the three-year average for all examinto the reported test year and June 30 of the reported test year.NOTE: GRE data include test takers from both within and outside of the Unittive, and analytical reasoning sections range from 200 to 800. Scores for the half-point increments. The range of scores is different for the various subject tanalytical reasoning section of the GRE, a multiple-choice test, was discontanalytical writing section, an essay-based test. The education subject test wThe engineering subject test was administered for the final time in April 2001published figures. Standard deviations appear in parentheses.SOURCE: Graduate Record Examination Board, Examinee and Score Trend

1985–86; A Summary of Data Collected From Graduate Record Examinations 

of Scores, 1987–88 through 2004–05; GRE Volumes by Country, 2000–200through 2010–11. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educatiotion Survey (HEGIS), “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred” survthrough 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDSFall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

20004 ................................ 387,422 31.3 465 (116) 578 (147) 562 (141) † (†) — (†) 629 (114) 686 (133) — (†) † (†) — (†) 530 

2001.................................. 433,109 34.8 — (†) — (†) — (†) † (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) † (†) — (†) — 

2002.................................. 538,070 41.6 473 (123) 597 (151) 571 (139) † (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) † (†) † (†) — 20035,6 .............................. 571,606 42.4 470 (121) 598 (148) † (†) 4.2 (0.96) 517 (100) 635 (114) 682 (125) 712 (97) † (†) † (†) 538 

20045,6,7 ............................ 449,259 32.1 469 (120) 597 (148) † (†) 4.2 (1.00) 517 (101) 643 (115) 675 (120) 715 (93) † (†) † (†) 537 

20055,6,7 ............................ 477,031 33.1 467 (118) 591 (148) † (†) 4.2 (0.90) 518 (100) 647 (117) 675 (117) 715 (91) † (†) † (†) 540 20065,7,8 ............................ 509,049 34.3 465 (117) 584 (149) † (†) 4.1 (0.90) 519 (99) 650 (118) 677 (116) 717 (92) † (†) † (†) 541 20075,7,8 ............................ 561,061 36.8 462 (119) 584 (151) † (†) 4.0 (0.90) 521 (97) 650 (120) 689 (115) 715 (91) † (†) † (†) 542 

20085,7,8 ............................ 546,443 35.0 457 (121) 586 (152) † (†) 3.9 (0.90) 525 (97) 651 (120) 694 (116) 712 (92) † (†) † (†) 541 20095,7,8 ............................ 601,032 37.5 456 (120) 590 (150) † (†) 3.8 (0.90) 523 (97) 650 (120) 699 (115) 708 (91) † (†) † (†) 541 

Table 344. Average scores on Graduate Record Examination (GRE) general and subject tests: 1965 through 2009—ContinuedAcademic year ending

Number of

GRE takers

GRE takers

as a percent

of bachelor’s

degrees1

General test sections Subject tests

Verbal Quantitative

Analytical

reasoning

Analytical

writing

Biochemistry,

cell and

molecular

biology Biology Chemistry

Computer

science Education Engineering Lite

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Student Charges and Student Financial Ass Table 345. Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of in

2009–10

Year and control of institution

Constant 2008–09 dollars1 Current dollars

Total tuition, room, and board Total tuition, room, and board Tuition and required fees (in-state for public institutions) Dormitory rooms 

All

institutions All 4-year 2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

4-year

Universities Other 4-year All 4-year Univer- sities Other 4-year All 4-year Univer- sities Other 4-year 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 All institutions1976–77................................. $8,321 $9,425 $5,844 $2,275 $2,577 $2,647 $2,527 $1,598 $924 $1,218 $1,210 $1,223 $346 $603 $611 $649 $584 $503 

1977–78................................. 8,262 9,339 5,838 2,411 2,725 2,777 2,685 1,703 984 1,291 1,269 1,305 378 645 654 691 628 525 1978–79................................. 8,106 9,142 5,729 2,587 2,917 2,967 2,879 1,828 1,073 1,397 1,370 1,413 411 688 696 737 667 575 

1979–80................................. 7,767 8,757 5,473 2,809 3,167 3,223 3,124 1,979 1,163 1,513 1,484 1,530 451 751 759 803 729 628 

1980–81................................. 7,685 8,672 5,526 3,101 3,499 3,535 3,469 2,230 1,289 1,679 1,634 1,705 526 836 846 881 821 705 

1981–82................................. 7,959 9,012 5,647 3,489 3,951 4,005 3,908 2,476 1,457 1,907 1,860 1,935 590 950 961 1,023 919 793 

1982–83................................. 8,478 9,636 5,934 3,877 4,406 4,466 4,356 2,713 1,626 2,139 2,081 2,173 675 1,064 1,078 1,150 1,028 873 

1983–84................................. 8,789 10,012 6,020 4,167 4,747 4,793 4,712 2,854 1,783 2,344 2,300 2,368 730 1,145 1,162 1,211 1,130 916 

1984–85................................. 9,260 10,473 6,453 4,563 5,160 5,236 5,107 3,179 1,985 2,567 2,539 2,583 821 1,267 1,282 1,343 1,242 1,058 

1985–863 ............................... 9,636 10,858 6,642 4,885 5,504 5,597 5,441 3,367 2,181 2,784 2,770 2,793 888 1,338 1,355 1,424 1,309 1,107 

1986–87................................. 10,046 11,509 6,359 5,206 5,964 6,124 5,857 3,295 2,312 3,042 3,042 3,042 897 1,405 1,427 1,501 1,376 1,034 

1987–88................................. 10,181 11,623 6,046 5,494 6,272 6,339 6,226 3,263 2,458 3,201 3,168 3,220 809 1,488 1,516 1,576 1,478 1,017 

1988–89................................. 10,395 11,912 6,328 5,869 6,725 6,801 6,673 3,573 2,658 3,472 3,422 3,499 979 1,575 1,609 1,665 1,573 1,085 

1989–90................................. 10,494 12,192 6,263 6,207 7,212 7,347 7,120 3,705 2,839 3,800 3,765 3,819 978 1,638 1,675 1,732 1,638 1,105 

1990–91................................. 10,518 12,185 6,300 6,562 7,602 7,709 7,528 3,930 3,016 4,009 3,958 4,036 1,087 1,743 1,782 1,848 1,740 1,182 

1991–92................................. 10,992 12,794 6,356 7,077 8,238 8,390 8,142 4,092 3,286 4,385 4,368 4,394 1,189 1,874 1,921 1,996 1,875 1,210 

1992–93................................. 11,224 13,190 6,337 7,452 8,758 8,934 8,648 4,207 3,517 4,752 4,665 4,795 1,276 1,939 1,991 2,104 1,926 1,240 

1993–94................................. 11,644 13,648 6,531 7,931 9,296 9,495 9,186 4,449 3,827 5,119 5,104 5,127 1,399 2,057 2,111 2,190 2,068 1,332 

1994–95................................. 11,853 13,883 6,613 8,306 9,728 9,863 9,646 4,633 4,044 5,391 5,287 5,441 1,488 2,145 2,200 2,281 2,155 1,396 

1995–96................................. 12,227 14,352 6,565 8,800 10,330 10,560 10,195 4,725 4,338 5,786 5,733 5,812 1,522 2,264 2,318 2,423 2,260 1,473 

1996–97................................. 12,435 14,644 6,613 9,206 10,841 11,033 10,726 4,895 4,564 6,118 6,055 6,150 1,543 2,365 2,422 2,518 2,368 1,522 

1997–98................................. 12,724 14,967 6,891 9,588 11,277 11,382 11,205 5,192 4,755 6,351 6,232 6,408 1,695 2,444 2,507 2,575 2,469 1,598 

1998–99................................. 13,145 15,509 6,902 10,076 11,888 12,123 11,752 5,291 5,013 6,723 6,713 6,728 1,725 2,557 2,626 2,710 2,578 1,616 

1999–2000............................. 13,243 15,662 6,857 10,444 12,352 12,613 12,198 5,408 5,238 7,044 7,026 7,052 1,721 2,682 2,749 2,845 2,695 1,733 2000–01................................. 13,263 15,843 6,693 10,818 12,922 13,177 12,775 5,460 5,377 7,372 7,360 7,377 1,698 2,819 2,893 2,999 2,833 1,744 

2001–02................................. 13,709 16,430 6,888 11,380 13,639 13,942 13,468 5,718 5,646 7,786 7,788 7,785 1,800 2,981 3,060 3,184 2,992 1,848 

2002–03................................. 14,161 17,020 7,370 12,014 14,439 14,827 14,233 6,252 6,002 8,309 8,406 8,264 1,903 3,179 3,263 3,377 3,201 2,077 

2003–04................................. 14,942 17,885 7,734 12,953 15,505 16,096 15,205 6,705 6,608 9,029 9,268 8,924 2,174 3,359 3,448 3,599 3,368 2,208 

2004–05................................. 15,444 18,487 7,935 13,792 16,509 17,219 16,164 7,086 7,122 9,706 10,051 9,559 2,338 3,569 3,661 3,813 3,582 2,336 

2005–06................................. 15,780 18,820 7,800 14,629 17,447 18,229 17,075 7,231 7,601 10,279 10,666 10,119 2,417 3,804 3,899 4,050 3,821 2,396 

2006–07................................. 16,281 19,423 7,850 15,483 18,471 19,304 18,085 7,466 8,092 10,931 11,404 10,738 2,496 4,019 4,116 4,261 4,041 2,527 

2007–08................................. 16,385 19,592 7,744 16,159 19,323 20,302 18,874 7,637 8,412 11,414 11,997 11,175 2,519 4,214 4,317 4,487 4,229 2,635 

2008–09................................. 17,012 20,385 8,238 17,012 20,385 21,471 19,890 8,238 8,813 12,021 12,667 11,759 2,618 4,446 4,557 4,744 4,462 2,780 

2009–10................................. 17,464 20,986 8,451 17,633 21,189 22,450 20,650 8,533 9,120 12,467 13,298 12,148 2,923 4,657 4,785 4,979 4,689 2,985 Public institutions1964–65................................. 6,529 — 4,385 950 — 1,051 867 638 243 — 298 224 99 271 — 291 241 178 

1965–66................................. 6,613 — 4,507 983 — 1,105 904 670 257 — 327 241 109 281 — 304 255 194 

1966–67................................. 6,691 — 4,630 1,026 — 1,171 947 710 275 — 360 259 121 294 — 321 271 213 

1967–68................................. 6,716 — 4,980 1,064 — 1,199 997 789 283 — 366 268 144 313 — 337 292 243 

1968–69................................. 6,723 — 5,314 1,117 — 1,245 1,063 883 295 — 377 281 170 337 — 359 318 278 

1969–70................................. 6,836 — 5,404 1,203 — 1,362 1,135 951 323 — 427 306 178 369 — 395 346 308 

1970–71................................. 6,954 — 5,393 1,287 — 1,477 1,206 998 351 — 478 332 187 401 — 431 375 338 1971–72................................. 7,079 — 5,597 1,357 — 1,579 1,263 1,073 376 — 526 354 192 430 — 463 400 366 

1972–73................................. 7,311 — 6,002 1,458 — 1,668 1,460 1,197 407 — 566 455 233 476 — 500 455 398 

1973–74................................. 6,984 — 5,865 1,517 — 1,707 1,506 1,274 438 — 581 463 274 480 — 505 464 409 

1974–75................................. 6,478 — 5,550 1,563 — 1,760 1,558 1,339 432 — 599 448 277 506 — 527 497 424 

1975–76................................. 6,448 — 5,365 1,666 — 1,935 1,657 1,386 433 — 642 469 245 544 — 573 533 442 

1976–77................................. 6,543 7,078 5,452 1,789 1,935 2,067 1,827 1,491 479 617 689 564 283 582 592 614 572 465 

1977–78................................. 6,469 6,984 5,448 1,888 2,038 2,170 1,931 1,590 512 655 736 596 306 621 631 649 616 486 

1978–79................................. 6,247 6,721 5,299 1,994 2,145 2,289 2,027 1,691 543 688 777 622 327 655 664 689 641 527 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1979–80................................. 5,986 6,435 5,037 2,165 2,327 2,487 2,198 1,822 583 738 840 662 355 715 725 750 703 574 

1980–81................................. 5,881 6,320 5,023 2,373 2,550 2,712 2,421 2,027 635 804 915 722 391 799 811 827 796 642 

1981–82................................. 6,074 6,548 5,073 2,663 2,871 3,079 2,705 2,224 714 909 1,042 813 434 909 925 970 885 703 

1982–83................................. 6,440 6,990 5,226 2,945 3,196 3,403 3,032 2,390 798 1,031 1,164 936 473 1,010 1,030 1,072 993 755 

1983–84................................. 6,656 7,240 5,344 3,156 3,433 3,628 3,285 2,534 891 1,148 1,284 1,052 528 1,087 1,110 1,131 1,092 801 

1984–85................................. 6,917 7,472 5,697 3,408 3,682 3,899 3,518 2,807 971 1,228 1,386 1,117 584 1,196 1,217 1,237 1,200 921 

1985–863 ............................... 7,045 7,611 5,880 3,571 3,859 4,146 3,637 2,981 1,045 1,318 1,536 1,157 641 1,242 1,263 1,290 1,240 960 

1986–87................................. 7,343 7,985 5,768 3,805 4,138 4,469 3,891 2,989 1,106 1,414 1,651 1,248 660 1,301 1,323 1,355 1,295 979 

1987–88................................. 7,505 8,159 5,681 4,050 4,403 4,619 4,250 3,066 1,218 1,537 1,726 1,407 706 1,378 1,410 1,410 1,409 943 

1988–89................................. 7,571 8,286 5,637 4,274 4,678 4,905 4,526 3,183 1,285 1,646 1,846 1,515 730 1,457 1,496 1,483 1,506 965 

1989–90................................. 7,614 8,411 5,577 4,504 4,975 5,324 4,723 3,299 1,356 1,780 2,035 1,608 756 1,513 1,557 1,561 1,554 962 

1990–91................................. 7,625 8,403 5,558 4,757 5,243 5,585 5,004 3,467 1,454 1,888 2,159 1,707 824 1,612 1,657 1,658 1,655 1,050 1991–92................................. 7,981 8,843 5,627 5,138 5,693 6,050 5,458 3,623 1,628 2,117 2,409 1,931 936 1,731 1,785 1,789 1,782 1,074 1992–93................................. 8,101 9,067 5,721 5,379 6,020 6,442 5,740 3,799 1,782 2,349 2,604 2,192 1,025 1,756 1,816 1,856 1,787 1,106 

1993–94................................. 8,360 9,345 5,866 5,694 6,365 6,710 6,146 3,996 1,942 2,537 2,820 2,360 1,125 1,873 1,934 1,897 1,958 1,190 

1994–95................................. 8,513 9,519 5,904 5,965 6,670 7,077 6,409 4,137 2,057 2,681 2,977 2,499 1,192 1,959 2,023 1,992 2,044 1,232 

1995–96................................. 8,692 9,745 5,859 6,256 7,014 7,448 6,730 4,217 2,179 2,848 3,151 2,660 1,239 2,057 2,121 2,104 2,133 1,297 

1996–97................................. 8,821 9,907 5,949 6,530 7,334 7,792 7,035 4,404 2,271 2,987 3,323 2,778 1,276 2,148 2,214 2,187 2,232 1,339 

1997–98................................. 9,042 10,184 5,985 6,813 7,673 8,210 7,318 4,509 2,360 3,110 3,486 2,877 1,314 2,225 2,301 2,285 2,312 1,401 

1998–99................................. 9,271 10,472 6,007 7,107 8,027 8,625 7,631 4,604 2,430 3,229 3,640 2,974 1,327 2,330 2,409 2,408 2,410 1,450 

1999–2000............................. 9,269 10,492 5,985 7,310 8,275 8,912 7,852 4,720 2,506 3,349 3,768 3,091 1,338 2,440 2,519 2,516 2,521 1,549 

2000–01................................. 9,300 10,609 5,933 7,586 8,653 9,321 8,218 4,839 2,562 3,501 3,979 3,208 1,333 2,569 2,654 2,657 2,652 1,600 

2001–02................................. 9,663 11,078 6,189 8,022 9,196 9,948 8,715 5,137 2,700 3,735 4,273 3,409 1,380 2,723 2,816 2,838 2,801 1,722 

2002–03................................. 10,021 11,537 6,603 8,502 9,787 10,604 9,280 5,601 2,903 4,046 4,686 3,668 1,483 2,930 3,029 3,023 3,032 1,954 

2003–04................................. 10,666 12,312 6,935 9,247 10,674 11,679 10,063 6,012 3,319 4,587 5,363 4,141 1,702 3,106 3,212 3,232 3,199 2,089 

2004–05................................. 11,046 12,795 7,139 9,864 11,426 12,588 10,734 6,375 3,629 5,027 5,939 4,512 1,849 3,304 3,418 3,427 3,413 2,174 

2005–06................................. 11,277 13,062 7,003 10,454 12,108 13,424 11,335 6,492 3,874 5,351 6,399 4,765 1,935 3,545 3,664 3,654 3,672 2,251 

2006–07................................. 11,618 13,457 7,166 11,049 12,797 14,215 11,983 6,815 4,102 5,666 6,842 5,020 2,018 3,757 3,878 3,875 3,881 2,407 

2007–08................................. 11,735 13,616 7,073 11,573 13,429 14,921 12,590 6,975 4,291 5,943 7,173 5,285 2,061 3,952 4,082 4,079 4,083 2,506 

2008–09................................. 12,256 14,262 7,568 12,256 14,262 15,878 13,349 7,568 4,512 6,312 7,624 5,610 2,136 4,190 4,331 4,344 4,322 2,664 

2009–10................................. 12,681 14,870 7,629 12,804 15,014 16,712 14,104 7,703 4,751 6,695 8,123 5,964 2,285 4,399 4,565 4,571 4,561 2,845 

Private institutions1964–65................................. 13,106 — 10,000 1,907 — 2,202 1,810 1,455 1,088 — 1,297 1,023 702 331 — 390 308 289 

1965–66................................. 13,488 — 10,475 2,005 — 2,316 1,899 1,557 1,154 — 1,369 1,086 768 356 — 418 330 316 

1966–67................................. 13,851 — 10,949 2,124 — 2,456 2,007 1,679 1,233 — 1,456 1,162 845 385 — 452 355 347 

1967–68................................. 13,918 — 11,122 2,205 — 2,545 2,104 1,762 1,297 — 1,534 1,237 892 392 — 455 366 366 

1968–69................................. 13,969 — 11,291 2,321 — 2,673 2,237 1,876 1,383 — 1,638 1,335 956 404 — 463 382 391 

1969–70................................. 14,377 — 11,325 2,530 — 2,920 2,420 1,993 1,533 — 1,809 1,468 1,034 436 — 503 409 413 

1970–71................................. 14,795 — 11,364 2,738 — 3,163 2,599 2,103 1,684 — 1,980 1,603 1,109 468 — 542 434 434 

1971–72................................. 15,216 — 11,403 2,917 — 3,375 2,748 2,186 1,820 — 2,133 1,721 1,172 494 — 576 454 449 

1972–73................................. 15,234 — 11,398 3,038 — 3,512 2,934 2,273 1,898 — 2,226 1,846 1,221 524 — 622 490 457 

1973–74................................. 14,567 — 11,095 3,164 — 3,717 3,040 2,410 1,989 — 2,375 1,925 1,303 533 — 622 502 483 

1974–75................................. 14,104 — 10,739 3,403 — 4,076 3,156 2,591 2,117 — 2,614 1,954 1,367 586 — 691 536 564 

1975–76................................. 14,178 — 10,493 3,663 — 4,467 3,385 2,711 2,272 — 2,881 2,084 1,427 636 — 753 583 572 1976–77................................. 14,286 14,545 10,866 3,906 3,977 4,715 3,714 2,971 2,467 2,534 3,051 2,351 1,592 649 651 783 604 607 

1977–78................................. 14,251 14,532 10,788 4,158 4,240 5,033 3,967 3,148 2,624 2,700 3,240 2,520 1,706 698 702 850 648 631 

1978–79................................. 14,146 14,445 10,621 4,514 4,609 5,403 4,327 3,389 2,867 2,958 3,487 2,771 1,831 758 761 916 704 700 

See notes at end of table.

Table 345. Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of in

2009–10—Continued

Year and control of institution

Constant 2008–09 dollars1 Current dollars

Total tuition, room, and board Total tuition, room, and board Tuition and required fees (in-state for public institutions) Dormitory rooms 

All

institutions All 4-year 2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

4-year

Universities Other 4-year All 4-year Univer- sities Other 4-year All 4-year Univer- sities Other 4-year 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable. 

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,

adjusted to a school-year basis.

2Data for 1986–87 and later years reflect a basis of 20 meals per week rather than meals 7 days per week. Because of this revision

in data collection and tabulation procedures, data are not entirely comparable with figures for previous years. In particular, data onboard rates are somewhat higher than in earlier years because they reflect the basis of 20 meals per week rather than meals served7 days per week. Since many institutions serve fewer than 3 meals each day, the 1986–87 and later data reflect a more accurateaccounting of total board costs.

3Room and board data are estimated.

NOTE: Data are for the entire academic year and are average total charges for full-time attendance. Tuition and fees were weighted

by the number of full-time-equivalent undergraduates, but were not adjusted to reflect student residency. Room and board were

based on full-time students. Data through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher e

institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and p

The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education c

and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Aof their low response rate, data for private 2-year colleges must be interpreted with viously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisti

(HEGIS), “Institutional Characteristics of Colleges and Universities” surveys, 1965

tions of Higher Education” surveys, 1965 through 1985; and 1986–87 through 20System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), “Institutional Characteristics 

Spring 2010, and Fall 2000 through Fall 2009. (This table was prepared October 2

1979–80................................. 13,583 13,860 10,372 4,912 5,013 5,891 4,700 3,751 3,130 3,225 3,811 3,020 2,062 827 831 1,001 768 766 

1980–81................................. 13,555 13,861 10,663 5,470 5,594 6,569 5,249 4,303 3,498 3,617 4,275 3,390 2,413 918 921 1,086 859 871 1981–82................................. 14,063 14,438 10,826 6,166 6,330 7,443 5,947 4,746 3,953 4,113 4,887 3,853 2,605 1,038 1,039 1,229 970 1,022 

1982–83................................. 15,134 15,585 11,732 6,920 7,126 8,536 6,646 5,364 4,439 4,639 5,583 4,329 3,008 1,181 1,181 1,453 1,083 1,177 

1983–84................................. 15,835 16,364 11,749 7,508 7,759 9,308 7,244 5,571 4,851 5,093 6,217 4,726 3,099 1,278 1,279 1,531 1,191 1,253 

1984–85................................. 16,646 17,151 12,590 8,202 8,451 10,243 7,849 6,203 5,315 5,556 6,843 5,135 3,485 1,426 1,426 1,753 1,309 1,424 

1985–863 ............................... 17,526 18,204 12,846 8,885 9,228 11,034 8,551 6,512 5,789 6,121 7,374 5,641 3,672 1,553 1,557 1,940 1,420 1,500 

1986–87................................. 18,673 19,374 12,319 9,676 10,039 12,278 9,276 6,384 6,316 6,658 8,118 6,171 3,684 1,658 1,673 2,097 1,518 1,266 

1987–88................................. 19,478 19,752 13,115 10,512 10,659 13,075 9,854 7,078 6,988 7,116 8,771 6,574 4,161 1,748 1,760 2,244 1,593 1,380 

1988–89................................. 19,819 20,323 14,111 11,189 11,474 14,073 10,620 7,967 7,461 7,722 9,451 7,172 4,817 1,849 1,863 2,353 1,686 1,540 1989–90................................. 20,317 20,767 14,658 12,018 12,284 15,098 11,374 8,670 8,147 8,396 10,348 7,778 5,196 1,923 1,935 2,411 1,774 1,663 1990–91................................. 20,693 21,218 14,911 12,910 13,237 16,503 12,220 9,302 8,772 9,083 11,379 8,389 5,570 2,063 2,077 2,654 1,889 1,744 1991–92................................. 21,577 22,144 14,961 13,892 14,258 17,572 13,201 9,632 9,419 9,759 12,037 9,060 5,754 2,221 2,241 2,825 2,042 1,788 1992–93................................. 22,040 22,606 14,916 14,634 15,009 18,898 13,882 9,903 9,942 10,294 13,055 9,533 6,059 2,348 2,362 3,018 2,151 1,970 1993–94................................. 22,749 23,348 15,277 15,496 15,904 20,097 14,640 10,406 10,572 10,952 13,874 10,100 6,370 2,490 2,506 3,277 2,261 2,067 1994–95................................. 23,130 23,694 15,942 16,207 16,602 21,041 15,363 11,170 11,111 11,481 14,537 10,653 6,914 2,587 2,601 3,469 2,347 2,233 1995–96................................. 23,909 24,469 16,066 17,208 17,612 22,502 16,198 11,563 11,864 12,243 15,605 11,297 7,094 2,738 2,751 3,680 2,473 2,371 1996–97................................. 24,367 24,912 16,148 18,039 18,442 23,520 16,994 11,954 12,498 12,881 16,552 11,871 7,236 2,878 2,889 3,826 2,602 2,537 1997–98................................. 24,574 25,309 17,149 18,516 19,070 24,116 17,717 12,921 12,801 13,344 17,229 12,338 7,464 2,954 2,964 3,756 2,731 2,672 1998–99................................. 25,267 25,999 17,376 19,368 19,929 25,443 18,430 13,319 13,428 13,973 18,340 12,815 7,854 3,075 3,091 3,914 2,850 2,581 1999–2000............................. 25,595 26,255 17,707 20,186 20,706 26,534 19,127 13,965 14,081 14,588 19,307 13,361 8,235 3,224 3,237 4,070 2,976 2,808 

2000–01................................. 26,197 26,795 18,130 21,368 21,856 27,676 20,247 14,788 15,000 15,470 20,106 14,233 9,067 3,374 3,392 4,270 3,121 2,722 2001–02................................. 27,000 27,581 19,064 22,413 22,896 29,115 21,220 15,825 15,742 16,211 21,176 14,923 10,076 3,567 3,576 4,478 3,301 3,116 

2002–03................................. 27,512 28,039 20,926 23,340 23,787 31,043 21,965 17,753 16,383 16,826 22,716 15,416 10,651 3,752 3,764 4,724 3,478 3,232 

2003–04................................. 28,404 28,918 22,560 24,624 25,069 32,886 23,153 19,558 17,315 17,763 24,128 16,284 11,545 3,945 3,952 4,979 3,647 3,581 2004–05................................. 28,903 29,403 22,500 25,810 26,257 34,761 24,274 20,093 18,154 18,604 25,643 17,050 12,122 4,171 4,170 5,263 3,854 4,243 2005–06................................. 29,006 29,467 22,836 26,889 27,317 36,510 25,282 21,170 18,862 19,292 26,954 17,702 12,450 4,380 4,386 5,517 4,063 3,994 2006–07................................. 29,905 30,409 21,329 28,439 28,919 38,437 26,823 20,284 20,048 20,517 28,580 18,848 12,708 4,606 4,613 5,691 4,302 4,147 2007–08................................. 30,680 31,207 21,988 30,258 30,778 40,634 28,531 21,685 21,462 21,979 30,251 20,190 13,126 4,804 4,808 6,006 4,466 4,484 

Not-for-profit....................... 32,367 32,498 19,120 31,921 32,050 40,634 29,679 18,857 23,201 23,328 30,251 21,451 11,789 4,725 4,730 6,006 4,347 3,796 

For-profit ............................ 25,466 26,023 23,850 25,115 25,665 † 25,665 23,522 14,778 15,226 † 15,226 13,363 6,445 6,781 † 6,781 4,901 

2008–09................................. 31,532 32,090 22,726 31,532 32,090 42,844 29,716 22,726 22,299 22,852 31,968 20,948 13,562 5,025 5,032 6,254 4,688 4,537 

Not-for-profit....................... 33,679 33,804 20,271 33,679 33,804 42,844 31,327 20,271 24,502 24,636 31,968 22,653 12,603 4,957 4,962 6,254 4,575 3,889 

For-profit ............................ 24,860 25,193 24,669 24,860 25,193 † 25,193 24,669 14,846 15,168 † 15,168 13,725 6,212 6,441 † 6,441 4,899 

2009–10................................. 31,876 32,475 24,248 32,184 32,790 44,619 30,346 24,483 22,604 23,210 33,315 21,244 14,876 5,249 5,249 6,539 4,897 5,217 

Not-for-profit....................... 34,604 34,725 20,577 34,939 35,061 44,619 32,489 20,776 25,413 25,552 33,315 23,485 12,656 5,174 5,178 6,539 4,776 4,116 

For-profit ............................ 25,016 25,048 25,744 25,258 25,291 † 25,291 25,993 15,166 15,172 † 15,172 15,146 6,248 6,338 † 6,338 5,689 

Table 345. Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting institutions, by type and control of in

2009–10—Continued

Year and control of institution

Constant 2008–09 dollars1 Current dollars

Total tuition, room, and board Total tuition, room, and board Tuition and required fees (in-state for public institutions) Dormitory rooms 

All

institutions All 4-year 2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

institutions

4-year institutions

2-year

All

4-year

Universities Other 4-year All 4-year Univer- sities Other 4-year All 4-year Univer- sities Other 4-year 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
496 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

NOTE: Data are for the entire academic year and are average charges. In-state tuition and

fees were weighted by the number of full-time-equivalent undergraduates, but were not

adjusted to reflect student residency. Out-of-state tuition and fees were weighted by the number of first-time freshmen attending the institution in fall 2008 from out of state. Room and

board are based on full-time students. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.)

Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09

and 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2008, Fall

2009, Spring 2009, and Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 346. Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting institutions, by 

type and control of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09 and 2009–10

[In current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

 Public 4-year Private 4-year

Public 2-year, 

tuition and required fees

In-state, 

2008–09

In-state, 

2009–10

Out-ofstate

tuition

and

required

fees,

2009–10

2008–09 2009–10

Total

Tuition

and

required

fees Total

Tuition

and

required

fees Room Board Total

Tuition

and

required

fees Total

Tuition

and

required

fees Room Board

In-state, 

2008–09

In-state, 

2009–10

Out-ofstate,

2009–10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

United States .......... $14,262 $6,312 $15,014 $6,695 $4,565 $3,754 $18,451 $32,090 $22,852 $32,790 $23,210 $5,249 $4,331 $2,136 $2,285 $6,075

Alabama .......................... 12,183 5,554 13,052 6,061 3,572 3,420 15,202 20,997 13,997 23,234 15,896 3,655 3,682 2,826 2,834 6,141

Alaska.............................. 12,970 5,008 13,281 5,246 4,545 3,490 15,246 28,514 19,194 29,412 19,765 4,400 5,247 3,289 3,900 4,300

Arizona ............................ 14,098 5,589 15,710 6,720 5,417 3,573 20,116 24,939 16,430 29,383 17,389 7,892 4,102 1,610 1,652 7,129

Arkansas.......................... 11,708 5,748 11,841 5,846 3,442 2,554 12,610 21,086 14,884 22,147 15,516 3,366 3,266 2,119 2,188 3,915

California ......................... 15,679 5,266 17,652 6,240 5,849 5,563 24,319 36,779 25,780 37,832 26,397 6,378 5,057 586 719 5,413

Colorado .......................... 14,250 5,693 15,056 6,188 4,533 4,335 23,567 28,702 18,757 28,765 18,808 5,544 4,414 2,198 2,446 7,443

Connecticut...................... 17,358 7,883 18,331 8,375 5,361 4,595 23,348 42,142 30,768 43,780 31,878 6,576 5,326 2,983 3,199 9,559

Delaware.......................... 17,199 8,306 18,383 9,026 5,564 3,793 21,598 21,033 12,554 21,852 12,951 4,558 4,342 2,684 2,816 6,524

District of Columbia ......... † 3,140 † 5,370 † † 12,300 36,636 25,232 37,357 25,713 7,694 3,949 † † †

Florida.............................. 11,487 3,293 11,659 3,452 4,827 3,380 13,798 27,694 18,808 28,352 19,116 5,072 4,164 2,106 2,480 9,064

Georgia............................ 11,532 4,261 12,552 4,839 4,335 3,378 18,158 30,587 21,211 30,323 20,717 5,496 4,110 1,904 2,324 7,380

Hawaii.............................. 13,358 5,326 14,182 5,943 4,112 4,126 17,755 22,780 12,232 22,948 12,405 4,538 6,006 1,757 1,955 6,589

Idaho................................ 10,403 4,610 10,895 4,883 2,798 3,214 14,376 11,937 6,491 12,670 6,650 2,013 4,006 2,240 2,420 6,939

Illinois............................... 18,228 9,860 19,355 10,443 4,706 4,206 24,179 32,223 22,443 33,272 23,166 5,600 4,507 2,520 2,670 8,342

Indiana............................. 14,976 6,920 15,590 7,306 4,188 4,097 22,397 31,099 23,152 31,722 23,468 4,237 4,017 2,930 3,090 6,306

Iowa ................................. 13,828 6,434 14,174 6,712 3,707 3,754 20,054 23,680 17,186 23,019 16,392 2,969 3,657 3,418 3,549 4,595

Kansas............................. 11,999 5,733 12,578 6,052 3,206 3,320 15,745 23,877 17,563 25,067 18,414 3,124 3,529 2,090 2,212 3,548

Kentucky .......................... 13,213 6,843 14,228 7,165 3,693 3,371 16,121 23,744 16,876 23,779 16,984 3,377 3,418 2,930 3,026 10,299

Louisiana ......................... 10,380 4,079 10,873 4,282 3,701 2,890 11,839 32,303 23,736 32,781 24,043 4,917 3,821 1,703 1,849 3,929

Maine............................... 16,162 8,045 17,020 8,504 4,169 4,347 21,586 34,553 24,854 34,871 25,090 4,850 4,931 3,273 3,303 5,853

Maryland.......................... 16,112 7,252 16,407 7,321 5,150 3,937 18,857 38,528 28,560 39,750 29,361 6,130 4,258 3,061 3,099 7,399

Massachusetts................. 17,103 8,207 17,819 9,221 5,553 3,045 20,584 43,490 32,051 45,087 33,160 6,745 5,181 3,252 3,522 7,991

Michigan .......................... 17,034 9,075 17,852 9,638 4,171 4,043 26,696 22,847 15,528 23,170 15,524 3,727 3,920 2,254 2,312 5,011

Minnesota ........................ 15,097 8,284 15,730 8,728 3,596 3,406 12,805 31,439 23,572 31,927 23,814 4,297 3,816 4,611 4,791 5,381

Mississippi ....................... 11,093 4,953 11,583 5,046 3,742 2,795 12,668 19,256 13,211 19,666 13,563 2,953 3,150 1,769 1,837 3,657

Missouri ........................... 14,056 6,925 14,368 7,047 4,287 3,035 14,813 26,353 18,481 27,106 18,766 4,343 3,997 2,458 2,406 4,651

Montana........................... 11,970 5,461 12,399 5,612 3,122 3,665 17,578 22,945 16,082 23,438 16,471 3,156 3,811 3,082 3,121 7,972

Nebraska ......................... 12,652 5,883 13,265 6,229 3,486 3,550 14,969 23,809 17,156 24,895 17,778 3,599 3,518 2,212 2,248 3,054

Nevada ............................ 12,824 3,316 13,682 3,559 5,689 4,434 15,219 26,207 16,299 25,768 15,651 5,538 4,579 1,920 2,010 8,198

New Hampshire ............... 19,228 10,183 20,492 10,958 5,554 3,980 22,026 36,681 26,681 37,766 27,344 5,975 4,448 5,999 6,296 13,817

New Jersey ...................... 20,727 10,366 21,591 10,680 7,061 3,851 21,075 36,908 26,135 38,071 26,933 6,036 5,102 3,195 3,388 6,122

New Mexico ..................... 11,261 4,414 11,809 4,655 3,892 3,262 13,880 24,977 16,249 22,210 13,413 4,281 4,516 1,273 1,338 3,493

New York.......................... 14,878 5,098 16,147 5,720 6,278 4,149 13,167 38,526 27,539 40,115 28,646 6,857 4,612 3,520 3,724 6,725

North Carolina ................. 11,354 4,376 11,874 4,559 4,072 3,243 16,411 30,890 22,838 32,252 23,788 4,357 4,107 1,404 1,639 7,054

North Dakota ................... 11,426 5,780 11,891 5,968 2,616 3,307 14,837 15,749 10,799 16,419 11,227 2,271 2,921 4,116 3,873 8,500

Ohio ................................. 16,567 8,043 17,133 8,058 5,033 4,042 20,187 31,592 23,514 32,751 24,115 4,360 4,276 3,155 3,014 6,728

Oklahoma ........................ 12,355 5,011 11,444 4,955 3,384 3,106 13,538 24,747 17,399 25,811 18,105 3,896 3,810 2,533 2,423 6,003

Oregon............................. 15,183 6,274 15,629 6,941 4,900 3,789 21,656 33,898 25,397 35,090 26,260 4,494 4,337 2,942 3,220 6,456

Pennsylvania.................... 18,147 10,148 19,017 10,550 4,948 3,519 20,273 38,131 28,224 39,574 29,317 5,617 4,640 3,300 3,454 10,246

Rhode Island ................... 17,289 7,663 18,509 8,435 6,075 3,999 24,642 38,951 28,305 40,295 29,420 6,065 4,810 3,090 3,376 9,008

South Carolina................. 16,137 8,985 16,788 9,439 4,597 2,751 22,062 25,311 18,502 26,156 19,000 3,581 3,575 3,355 3,477 7,224

South Dakota................... 11,357 5,748 12,022 6,128 2,665 3,229 7,820 21,666 15,730 22,207 16,024 2,848 3,335 3,945 4,357 4,583

Tennessee ....................... 12,057 5,682 12,748 6,048 3,628 3,072 18,991 27,316 19,598 27,925 19,965 4,304 3,657 2,778 2,941 11,460

Texas ............................... 13,222 6,023 13,764 6,350 3,890 3,524 16,823 29,399 21,275 30,636 22,178 4,620 3,837 1,473 1,512 4,061

Utah ................................. 10,301 4,236 10,109 4,532 2,627 2,950 13,545 13,658 6,765 14,098 6,992 3,551 3,555 2,571 2,734 7,566

Vermont ........................... 19,688 11,339 20,735 12,008 5,510 3,216 28,503 36,143 26,815 37,677 28,046 5,157 4,473 4,684 4,876 9,652

Virginia............................. 14,850 7,427 15,616 7,795 4,322 3,498 22,512 26,997 19,412 27,247 19,365 4,082 3,801 2,665 2,853 7,266

Washington...................... 14,153 5,688 15,189 6,032 4,561 4,596 21,058 33,698 25,201 35,132 26,184 4,763 4,185 2,841 3,025 5,861

West Virginia.................... 12,128 4,708 12,426 4,899 3,948 3,579 14,623 18,561 11,365 17,761 10,490 3,517 3,754 2,785 2,847 7,694

Wisconsin ........................ 12,400 6,552 13,190 6,963 3,675 2,551 17,982 30,050 22,556 30,805 22,879 4,122 3,804 3,521 3,543 8,680

Wyoming.......................... 10,556 3,057 10,952 3,162 3,466 4,324 9,498 † 11,325 † 11,325 † † 2,009 2,120 5,393
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 497

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Average undergraduate tuition and fees are based on in-state students only.

NOTE: Data are for the entire academic year and are average rates for full-time students. Student charges were weighted by the number of full-time-equivalent undergraduates, but were not

adjusted to reflect student residency. The data have not been adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and

participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000–01

through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2000 through

Fall 2009 and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 347. Undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates for full-time students in degree-granting institutions, by percentile of 

charges and control and type of institution: Selected years, 2000–01 through 2009–10

[In current dollars]

Control and type of institution, 

and year

Tuition, room, and board Tuition and required fees

 10th

percentile

 25th

percentile

 Median (50th

percentile)

 75th

percentile

 90th

percentile

 10th

percentile

 25th

percentile

 Median (50th

percentile)

 75th

percentile

 90th

percentile

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

All public institutions1

2000–01............................................ $5,701 $6,878 $8,279 $9,617 $11,384 $612 $1,480 $2,403 $3,444 $4,583

2003–04............................................ 6,909 8,522 10,029 12,085 14,440 900 1,800 2,913 4,464 6,149

2004–05............................................ 7,265 9,081 10,797 12,842 15,401 900 1,920 3,152 4,977 6,752

2005–06............................................ 7,700 9,623 11,348 13,543 16,264 990 2,070 3,329 5,322 6,972

2006–07............................................ 8,337 10,125 12,042 14,505 16,965 1,080 2,190 3,490 5,652 7,530

2007–08............................................ 8,827 10,890 12,690 15,446 17,979 1,144 2,245 3,666 5,988 7,969

2008–09............................................ 9,370 11,518 13,616 16,283 18,866 1,144 2,348 3,948 6,360 8,467

2009–10............................................ 9,433 12,069 14,446 17,146 19,898 1,200 2,492 4,370 6,726 8,726

Public 4-year1

2000–01........................................ 6,503 7,347 8,468 9,816 11,611 2,118 2,516 3,314 4,094 5,085

2003–04........................................ 7,924 9,023 10,447 12,292 14,655 2,609 3,251 4,254 5,702 6,882

2004–05........................................ 8,380 9,574 11,022 13,031 15,622 2,880 3,582 4,665 6,081 7,542

2005–06........................................ 8,863 10,219 11,596 13,830 16,443 3,094 3,822 5,084 6,458 8,097

2006–07........................................ 9,461 10,797 12,272 14,748 17,160 3,206 4,074 5,376 6,825 8,667

2007–08........................................ 10,012 11,471 13,035 15,819 18,384 3,355 4,262 5,689 7,272 8,907

2008–09........................................ 10,638 12,169 13,983 16,614 19,291 3,687 4,399 6,056 7,819 9,399

2009–10........................................ 11,158 12,793 15,040 17,661 20,253 4,044 4,900 6,458 8,266 9,886

Public 2-year1

2000–01........................................ 3,321 3,804 4,627 5,750 6,871 310 724 1,387 1,799 2,455

2003–04........................................ 3,874 4,725 5,562 6,983 8,360 478 1,024 1,700 2,325 2,844

2004–05........................................ 4,097 4,889 6,021 7,420 9,015 710 1,048 1,803 2,459 3,033

2005–06........................................ 4,380 4,822 6,234 7,567 8,993 691 1,109 1,920 2,589 3,100

2006–07........................................ 4,487 5,199 6,376 8,035 9,719 670 1,184 2,059 2,713 3,316

2007–08........................................ 4,637 5,361 6,777 8,138 10,471 590 1,200 2,091 2,819 3,384

2008–09........................................ 4,860 5,612 6,935 8,823 11,183 590 1,200 2,215 2,930 3,456

2009–10........................................ 5,114 6,008 7,048 8,981 10,977 704 1,316 2,380 3,090 3,650

All private institutions

2000–01............................................ 13,514 17,530 22,398 27,280 32,659 7,520 10,716 14,880 18,795 24,336

2003–04............................................ 16,332 20,833 26,455 32,242 37,710 8,650 12,020 16,930 21,790 28,400

2004–05............................................ 17,144 21,746 27,872 34,342 39,565 9,184 12,750 17,590 22,712 29,786

2005–06............................................ 18,243 23,044 29,279 35,783 41,707 9,285 12,840 18,120 24,030 31,444

2006–07............................................ 19,102 24,350 31,009 38,448 43,770 10,200 14,010 19,125 25,414 33,210

2007–08............................................ 19,982 25,762 32,710 40,778 46,203 10,684 14,360 21,074 27,856 35,089

2008–09............................................ 20,813 26,986 34,599 43,055 48,469 11,176 14,470 21,950 28,990 36,504

Not-for-profit.................................. 21,649 27,438 34,805 43,246 48,524 12,020 18,415 24,930 31,540 37,125

For-profit ....................................... 17,150 17,150 20,813 29,959 30,400 10,770 11,700 14,130 16,356 20,935

2009–10............................................ 20,481 28,192 36,230 44,776 50,294 10,632 14,432 21,790 29,750 37,954

Not-for-profit.................................. 22,334 28,699 36,550 44,895 50,297 11,696 18,970 25,890 32,816 38,690

For-profit ....................................... 17,789 17,789 21,321 31,433 32,000 10,115 11,735 14,212 17,148 21,980

Private 4-year

2000–01........................................ 13,972 17,714 22,493 27,430 32,659 8,305 11,548 15,420 19,200 24,336

2003–04........................................ 16,364 20,833 26,536 32,242 37,710 9,082 12,660 17,524 22,420 28,440

2004–05........................................ 17,156 21,808 27,925 34,468 39,565 9,570 13,200 18,170 23,386 29,910

2005–06........................................ 18,350 23,238 29,294 35,912 41,707 9,675 12,956 18,900 24,366 31,452

2006–07........................................ 19,187 24,500 31,099 38,448 43,792 10,560 14,880 19,924 26,120 33,318

2007–08........................................ 20,005 25,876 32,768 40,778 46,203 11,066 15,600 21,500 28,630 35,187

2008–09........................................ 20,859 27,131 34,610 43,068 48,520 11,288 15,500 22,576 29,700 36,847

Not-for-profit .............................. 21,668 27,752 34,849 43,246 48,524 12,242 18,554 25,120 31,620 37,125

For-profit.................................... 17,150 17,150 20,813 29,959 30,400 11,176 12,245 14,248 16,389 21,922

2009–10........................................ 20,490 28,267 36,264 44,776 50,294 10,884 14,800 22,880 30,186 38,174

Not-for-profit .............................. 22,356 28,840 36,665 44,895 50,298 12,240 19,200 26,180 32,910 38,690

For-profit.................................... 17,789 17,789 21,321 31,433 32,000 9,966 11,712 14,432 17,148 22,125

Private 2-year

2000–01........................................ 6,650 6,850 13,220 16,400 21,845 5,013 6,887 8,329 11,064 13,995

2003–04........................................ 11,955 14,119 17,124 26,560 40,780 6,800 8,325 10,462 12,892 17,500

2004–05........................................ 13,807 15,486 19,844 27,276 34,385 7,008 8,813 10,629 13,548 18,025

2005–06........................................ 11,560 15,680 18,410 22,809 43,425 7,560 9,285 11,180 14,196 17,995

2006–07........................................ 8,685 16,568 19,115 26,677 40,130 7,980 9,688 11,600 14,833 18,710

2007–08........................................ 15,529 17,460 20,362 26,727 40,232 8,160 10,150 11,840 15,015 18,760

2008–09........................................ 17,568 18,714 22,347 26,863 43,382 9,000 10,605 12,350 16,356 18,175

Not-for-profit .............................. 16,085 17,568 21,595 24,390 39,463 3,740 8,900 11,800 16,250 18,000

For-profit.................................... 21,442 23,327 26,863 43,382 43,382 9,000 10,910 12,600 16,356 18,175

2009–10........................................ 18,235 18,776 22,517 26,455 36,300 9,655 11,496 13,250 17,100 21,245

Not-for-profit .............................. 13,105 18,316 20,369 26,455 40,733 3,530 8,950 12,292 15,177 19,000

For-profit.................................... 22,857 22,857 26,696 26,696 26,696 10,116 11,735 13,548 17,148 21,245
498 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Preliminary first-professional tuition average based on 2007–08 degrees.

2Data are based on in-state tuition only.

NOTE: Average graduate student tuition weighted by fall full-time-equivalent graduate enrollment. Average first-professional tuition weighted by number of degrees conferred during the

academic year. Some year-to-year fluctuations in tuition data may reflect nonreporting by individual institutions. Excludes institutions not reporting degrees conferred and institutions not

reporting tuition. Data through 1995–96 are for institutions of higher education, while later data

are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year

colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See

Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1988–89

through 2009–10 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey”

(IPEDS-EF:88–89); “Completions Survey,” (IPEDS-C:89–99); “Institutional Characteristics Survey” (IPEDS-IC:88–99); Fall 2000 through Fall 2009; and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010.

(This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 348. Average graduate and first-professional tuition and required fees in degree-granting institutions, by first-professional field of study 

and control of institution: 1988–89 through 2009–10

Year and control

Average full-time graduate

tuition and required fees Average full-time first-professional tuition and required fees in current dollars

Current

dollars

Constant

2008–09

dollars Chiropractic Dentistry Medicine Optometry

Osteopathic

medicine Pharmacy Podiatry

Veterinary

medicine Law Theology

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All institutions

1988–89........................... $3,728 $6,603 $7,972 $9,324 $9,439 $8,503 $11,462 $4,952 $13,232 $4,856 $7,099 $3,911

1989–90........................... 4,135 6,990 8,315 10,515 10,597 9,469 11,888 5,890 14,611 5,470 8,059 4,079

1990–91........................... 4,488 7,194 9,108 10,270 10,571 9,512 12,830 5,889 15,143 5,396 8,708 4,569

1991–92........................... 5,116 7,946 10,226 12,049 11,646 9,610 13,004 6,731 16,257 6,367 9,469 4,876

1992–93........................... 5,475 8,246 11,117 12,710 12,265 10,858 14,297 6,635 17,426 6,771 10,463 5,331

1993–94........................... 5,973 8,769 11,503 14,403 13,074 10,385 15,038 7,960 17,621 7,159 11,552 5,253

1994–95........................... 6,247 8,916 12,324 15,164 13,834 11,053 15,913 8,315 18,138 7,741 12,374 5,648

1995–96........................... 6,741 9,366 12,507 15,647 14,860 11,544 16,785 8,602 18,434 8,208 13,278 5,991

1996–97........................... 7,111 9,606 12,721 16,585 15,481 12,250 17,888 9,207 19,056 8,668 14,081 6,558

1997–98........................... 7,246 9,617 13,144 17,695 16,310 12,679 18,668 9,744 19,355 9,013 14,992 6,832

1998–99........................... 7,685 10,025 13,582 19,051 17,107 14,066 20,000 9,735 19,547 9,392 15,601 7,171

1999–2000....................... 8,071 10,234 14,256 19,576 17,818 14,354 20,903 10,740 20,158 9,867 16,491 7,725

2000–01........................... 8,429 10,334 15,093 22,097 19,151 15,448 21,784 11,273 20,455 10,365 17,795 7,868

2001–02........................... 8,857 10,670 15,632 22,597 19,795 16,148 22,970 12,259 20,886 11,070 18,707 8,737

2002–03........................... 9,226 10,875 16,758 24,517 21,206 16,439 24,379 13,597 21,633 12,142 19,810 9,485

2003–04........................... 10,312 11,895 17,264 26,124 22,892 17,439 26,059 14,987 22,645 13,420 21,305 9,850

2004–05........................... 11,004 12,323 18,535 28,455 24,293 18,048 27,900 15,951 23,631 14,535 22,935 10,412

2005–06........................... 11,621 12,536 19,445 29,729 25,699 18,717 29,320 17,224 24,347 15,526 24,474 10,811

2006–07........................... 12,312 12,946 21,473 32,004 27,086 19,886 30,604 18,634 25,594 16,551 26,042 11,628

2007–08........................... 12,962 13,143 22,815 34,699 28,040 21,046 32,163 19,542 26,112 17,012 27,670 11,346

2008–091 ......................... 13,634 13,634 23,979 37,543 29,890 22,125 33,607 20,842 27,118 18,223 29,585 11,983

2009–10........................... 14,537 14,398 ————————— —

Public2

1988–89........................... 1,913 3,388 † 5,286 5,669 3,455 6,269 2,218 † 3,889 2,766 †

1989–90........................... 1,999 3,379 † 5,728 6,259 3,569 6,521 2,816 † 4,505 3,196 †

1990–91........................... 2,206 3,536 † 5,927 6,437 3,821 7,188 2,697 † 4,840 3,430 †

1991–92........................... 2,524 3,920 † 6,595 7,106 4,161 7,699 2,871 † 5,231 3,933 †

1992–93........................... 2,791 4,204 † 7,006 7,867 5,106 8,404 2,987 † 5,553 4,261 †

1993–94........................... 3,050 4,478 † 7,525 8,329 5,325 8,640 3,567 † 6,107 4,835 †

1994–95........................... 3,250 4,639 † 8,125 8,812 5,643 8,954 3,793 † 6,571 5,307 †

1995–96........................... 3,449 4,792 † 8,806 9,585 6,130 9,448 4,100 † 6,907 5,821 †

1996–97........................... 3,607 4,872 † 9,434 10,057 6,561 9,932 4,884 † 7,343 6,565 †

1997–98........................... 3,744 4,969 † 9,762 10,555 7,366 10,358 5,046 19,541 7,472 7,125 †

1998–99........................... 3,897 5,083 † 10,259 11,141 7,890 10,858 5,476 19,818 7,707 7,510 †

1999–2000....................... 4,043 5,127 † 10,795 11,610 7,922 11,377 5,997 19,578 8,271 7,824 †

2000–01........................... 4,243 5,202 † 11,946 12,188 8,452 11,866 6,476 20,228 8,720 8,414 †

2001–02........................... 4,496 5,416 † 13,092 13,186 9,619 12,708 7,187 21,254 9,375 9,115 †

2002–03........................... 4,842 5,707 † 13,992 14,591 10,187 13,497 8,304 21,992 10,396 10,172 †

2003–04........................... 5,544 6,395 † 15,613 16,500 11,537 14,994 9,424 22,638 11,763 11,838 †

2004–05........................... 6,080 6,808 † 17,690 18,078 12,387 16,467 10,332 24,788 12,878 13,155 †

2005–06........................... 6,493 7,004 † 19,177 19,473 13,229 17,653 11,444 24,808 13,849 14,544 †

2006–07........................... 6,894 7,250 † 20,701 20,627 14,392 18,102 12,523 26,242 14,915 15,658 †

2007–08........................... 7,415 7,519 † 22,037 21,206 15,489 19,310 13,490 27,322 15,838 16,962 †

2008–091 ......................... 7,999 7,999 † 24,787 22,959 16,285 20,898 14,476 28,942 17,070 18,461 †

2009–10........................... 8,763 8,679 ————————— —

Private

1988–89........................... 6,945 12,301 7,972 16,127 15,610 12,050 13,536 9,692 13,232 13,285 9,892 3,911

1989–90........................... 7,881 13,323 8,315 16,800 16,826 13,640 14,117 10,656 14,611 14,184 10,901 4,079

1990–91........................... 8,507 13,636 9,108 18,270 17,899 13,767 15,009 11,546 15,143 14,159 12,247 4,569

1991–92........................... 9,592 14,898 10,226 20,318 19,225 14,366 16,098 12,937 16,257 15,816 12,946 4,876

1992–93........................... 10,008 15,073 11,117 21,309 19,585 14,459 17,098 13,373 17,426 17,103 13,975 5,331

1993–94........................... 10,790 15,841 11,503 23,824 20,769 14,156 17,720 14,838 17,621 17,433 15,193 5,253

1994–95........................... 11,338 16,182 12,324 24,641 21,819 14,497 18,422 14,894 18,138 17,940 16,201 5,648

1995–96........................... 12,083 16,787 12,507 25,678 23,001 15,235 19,619 15,618 18,434 19,380 17,251 5,991

1996–97........................... 12,537 16,935 12,721 26,618 24,242 15,949 20,714 15,934 19,056 19,526 18,276 6,558

1997–98........................... 12,774 16,953 13,144 29,985 25,249 16,550 21,707 16,575 19,316 18,624 19,311 6,832

1998–99........................... 13,299 17,349 13,582 31,917 26,495 17,848 22,867 16,874 19,492 19,617 20,253 7,171

1999–2000....................... 13,782 17,475 14,256 32,268 27,702 18,317 23,791 18,220 20,259 20,128 21,393 7,725

2000–01........................... 14,420 17,678 15,093 35,234 30,077 19,838 24,719 19,022 20,498 20,883 23,063 7,868

2001–02........................... 15,165 18,269 15,632 36,184 30,438 20,374 25,909 20,325 20,825 21,772 24,019 8,737

2002–03........................... 14,983 17,661 16,758 39,085 31,895 20,197 27,552 21,561 21,551 22,813 25,243 9,485

2003–04........................... 16,209 18,697 17,264 40,414 32,913 20,955 29,095 23,022 22,647 23,941 26,746 9,850

2004–05........................... 16,751 18,758 18,535 43,228 34,296 21,532 30,707 24,152 23,365 25,027 28,175 10,412

2005–06........................... 17,244 18,602 19,445 45,633 35,895 22,162 32,349 25,439 24,240 26,191 29,782 10,811

2006–07........................... 18,108 19,041 21,473 49,135 37,569 23,474 33,986 26,681 25,432 27,135 31,561 11,628

2007–08........................... 19,208 19,476 22,815 51,803 39,280 24,503 35,299 27,884 25,928 23,558 33,481 11,346

2008–091 ......................... 19,619 19,619 23,979 54,774 41,289 25,757 36,708 29,618 26,842 24,646 35,622 11,983

2009–10........................... 20,368 20,172 ————————— —
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Numbers of undergraduates may not equal figures reported in other tables, since these data are based on a sample surveyof students who enrolled at any time during the school year. Includes all postsecondary institutions.2Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source or type of aid.3Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.4Includes Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).5Details on federal and nonfederal work-study participants are not available.6Includes students who were single, divorced, or widowed.7Full-time, full-year includes students enrolled full time for 9 or more months. Part-time or part-year includes students enrolled

part time for 9 or more months and students enrolled less than 9 months either part time or full time.

8Excludes students attending more than one institution.NOTE: Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Detail because some students receive multiple types of aid and aid from different sogranting and non-degree-granting institutions. Data include Puerto Rico. Race ity. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatiAid Study (NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared August 2009.)

Table 349. Percentage of undergraduates receiving aid, by type and source of aid and selected student characteristics: 2007–08Selected student characteristic

Number of

undergraduates1

(in thousands)

Any aid Grants Loa

Total2 Federal3 Nonfederal Total Federal Nonfederal Total4 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

All undergraduates ...................................... 20,928 (0.4) 65.6 (1.20) 48.2 (0.85) 48.0 (0.77) 51.7 (0.96) 27.6 (0.47) 38.5 (0.72) 38.7 (0.24) 34.9 

Sex

Male ................................................................... 9,013 (126.0) 61.4 (1.38) 43.1 (0.98) 45.7 (1.01) 46.7 (1.16) 21.7 (0.59) 37.0 (0.95) 35.0 (0.45) 31.1 Female............................................................... 11,915 (125.7) 68.8 (1.04) 52.0 (0.74) 49.7 (0.62) 55.5 (0.78) 32.0 (0.37) 39.5 (0.61) 41.5 (0.26) 37.8 

Race/ethnicity

White.................................................................. 12,924 (109.7) 63.5 (1.32) 44.4 (0.99) 47.8 (0.83) 48.2 (0.95) 20.7 (0.39) 38.5 (0.79) 38.5 (0.54) 34.6 

Black .................................................................. 2,925 (59.1) 76.2 (1.56) 63.5 (1.57) 50.5 (0.93) 63.5 (1.31) 46.4 (1.19) 38.4 (0.84) 49.6 (1.05) 46.1 Hispanic ............................................................. 2,960 (93.0) 69.0 (0.76) 53.4 (0.72) 48.8 (0.85) 58.1 (0.99) 39.5 (0.63) 39.2 (0.93) 34.4 (1.09) 30.3 Asian.................................................................. 1,236 (38.0) 53.4 (1.96) 36.7 (1.21) 42.1 (1.71) 43.1 (1.54) 22.7 (0.96) 36.0 (1.37) 25.6 (0.89) 22.4 American Indian/Alaska Native.......................... 176 (18.7) 70.8 (2.92) 54.3 (3.17) 48.4 (3.06) 60.4 (3.12) 39.3 (3.51) 41.8 (2.74) 35.5 (3.34) 31.9 

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander........................ 151 (11.6) 61.5 (3.28) 42.4 (3.32) 44.5 (2.97) 49.3 (3.10) 26.6 (3.02) 36.3 (2.83) 32.1 (3.01) 27.9 

Other.................................................................. 61 (5.2) 64.1 (4.03) 49.2 (3.84) 41.1 (4.13) 51.1 (3.96) 33.2 (3.10) 33.1 (3.88) 35.5 (4.02) 32.8 Two or more races ............................................. 495 (25.9) 68.1 (1.51) 53.2 (1.46) 49.7 (1.58) 53.8 (1.43) 31.2 (1.31) 40.7 (1.31) 41.6 (1.55) 38.6 

Age

15 to 23 years old .............................................. 12,490 (60.2) 66.9 (1.02) 49.3 (0.67) 51.4 (0.72) 52.5 (0.94) 25.0 (0.40) 42.7 (0.76) 40.4 (0.25) 36.3 

24 to 29 years old .............................................. 3,621 (37.1) 66.3 (1.60) 52.5 (1.10) 43.0 (1.12) 52.0 (1.10) 36.5 (0.72) 30.6 (0.93) 41.6 (0.61) 37.4 

30 years old or over ........................................... 4,817 (52.5) 61.8 (1.55) 42.1 (1.35) 42.7 (0.95) 49.4 (1.16) 27.4 (0.77) 33.4 (0.84) 32.3 (0.55) 29.5 

Marital status

Not married6....................................................... 16,761 (59.2) 66.4 (1.28) 49.6 (0.89) 49.2 (0.84) 52.7 (1.05) 28.1 (0.51) 39.8 (0.77) 40.2 (0.32) 36.2 

Married............................................................... 3,763 (58.7) 60.8 (1.01) 40.4 (0.96) 42.3 (0.71) 45.7 (0.80) 22.0 (0.54) 33.1 (0.78) 31.0 (0.50) 28.2 Separated .......................................................... 404 (13.1) 77.1 (2.32) 64.8 (1.94) 47.8 (2.75) 67.9 (2.69) 55.3 (1.97) 32.9 (2.69) 48.9 (1.66) 45.3 

Attendance status7

Full-time, full-year .............................................. 8,220 (59.4) 79.5 (0.37) 63.0 (0.32) 62.9 (0.43) 64.4 (0.38) 33.0 (0.38) 52.8 (0.52) 53.3 (0.42) 49.6 Part-time or part-year......................................... 12,708 (59.2) 56.6 (1.86) 38.6 (1.48) 38.3 (1.13) 43.5 (1.50) 24.0 (0.97) 29.2 (0.99) 29.3 (0.63) 25.5 

Dependency status and family income 

Dependent ......................................................... 11,081 (65.7) 66.5 (1.06) 48.2 (0.71) 52.5 (0.78) 51.4 (0.94) 22.1 (0.37) 43.9 (0.81) 40.6 (0.33) 36.5 

Less than $20,000 ......................................... 1,263 (22.5) 80.7 (1.13) 71.4 (0.82) 57.5 (1.13) 76.7 (1.25) 68.2 (0.84) 50.4 (1.23) 40.0 (1.01) 36.7 $20,000–$39,999 ........................................... 1,853 (23.2) 78.5 (1.07) 68.5 (0.78) 59.7 (0.88) 71.8 (1.10) 59.3 (0.76) 52.2 (0.98) 44.6 (0.81) 41.7 

$40,000–$59,999 ........................................... 1,852 (26.1) 66.8 (1.69) 49.3 (1.31) 54.9 (1.29) 53.1 (1.41) 23.7 (0.94) 46.5 (1.21) 43.2 (0.81) 39.0 

$60,000–$79,999 ........................................... 1,646 (28.8) 63.3 (1.27) 41.6 (0.99) 51.4 (1.15) 41.7 (1.17) 1.7 (0.18) 41.2 (1.19) 43.2 (0.91) 38.5 $80,000–$99,999 ........................................... 1,398 (23.8) 63.1 (0.98) 40.0 (0.78) 51.1 (1.01) 41.7 (1.02) 0.5 (0.14) 41.6 (1.02) 42.7 (0.76) 37.7 $100,000 or more........................................... 3,070 (42.8) 56.4 (1.06) 32.9 (0.80) 45.9 (0.81) 37.4 (0.81) 0.6 (0.08) 37.3 (0.80) 34.4 (0.71) 30.2 

Independent....................................................... 9,847 (65.6) 64.6 (1.42) 48.2 (1.08) 42.9 (0.87) 52.0 (1.06) 33.7 (0.63) 32.3 (0.76) 36.6 (0.35) 33.2 

Less than $10,000 ......................................... 2,268 (31.4) 74.0 (1.25) 63.3 (0.70) 45.9 (1.04) 67.4 (1.08) 58.3 (0.59) 33.4 (0.97) 45.0 (0.80) 40.6 

$10,000–$19,999 ........................................... 1,714 (30.2) 71.5 (1.74) 62.4 (1.24) 42.9 (1.28) 62.3 (1.50) 52.3 (1.09) 30.7 (1.04) 45.6 (0.78) 42.0 

$20,000–$29,999 ........................................... 1,502 (27.4) 68.6 (2.17) 54.8 (1.85) 42.9 (1.60) 51.5 (1.89) 34.9 (1.31) 30.8 (1.22) 40.6 (0.89) 36.9 

$30,000–$49,999 ........................................... 2,001 (34.5) 62.9 (1.74) 44.6 (1.63) 43.9 (1.17) 49.3 (1.27) 28.4 (1.08) 33.6 (1.10) 34.9 (0.89) 31.8 

$50,000 or more............................................. 2,362 (40.8) 49.7 (1.07) 22.4 (1.02) 39.1 (0.76) 32.4 (0.79) 0.3 (0.09) 32.3 (0.79) 20.9 (0.75) 18.4 

Housing status8

School-owned .................................................... 2,964 (111.5) 80.1 (1.21) 70.1 (1.00) 60.7 (1.14) 66.6 (1.14) 23.5 (0.57) 62.3 (1.11) 57.9 (0.84) 53.7 Off-campus, not with parents............................. 11,296 (219.5) 65.5 (1.53) 45.5 (1.31) 48.4 (0.91) 51.3 (1.19) 29.9 (0.77) 35.0 (0.78) 38.4 (0.51) 34.8 

With parents....................................................... 5,002 (143.6) 56.1 (1.66) 40.4 (1.14) 38.7 (1.19) 43.9 (1.67) 24.5 (0.95) 32.5 (1.26) 25.8 (0.45) 22.1 
500 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Average amounts for students participating in indicated programs.

2Includes only loans made directly to students. Does not include Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) and other loans made directly to parents.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000–01

through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2002

through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 350. Full-time, first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate students enrolled in degree-granting institutions, by participation and 

average amount awarded in financial aid programs, and type and control of institution: 2000–01 through 2008–09

[In current dollars]

Control and type of institution, and year

Number

enrolled

Number

receiving

financial aid

Percent

receiving

aid

Percent of enrolled students in student aid programs Average award for students in aid programs1

Federal

grants

State/local

grants

Institutional

grants

Student

loans2

Federal

grants

State/local

grants

Institutional

grants

Student

loans2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

All institutions

2000–01.................................................... 1,976,600 1,390,527 70.3 31.6 31.2 31.1 40.1 $2,486 $2,039 $4,740 $3,764

2001–02.................................................... 2,050,016 1,481,592 72.3 33.3 32.5 31.5 40.7 2,739 2,057 4,918 3,970

2002–03.................................................... 2,135,613 1,553,024 72.7 34.1 30.9 31.5 41.4 2,947 2,189 5,267 4,331

2003–04.................................................... 2,178,517 1,610,967 73.9 34.6 31.2 31.9 43.1 2,934 2,226 5,648 4,193

2004–05.................................................... 2,260,590 1,689,910 74.8 35.2 31.3 31.7 44.0 2,939 2,343 5,958 4,463

2005–06.................................................... 2,309,543 1,731,315 75.0 33.7 30.8 32.7 44.6 2,959 2,441 6,213 4,831

2006–07.................................................... 2,427,043 1,766,257 72.8 32.1 30.0 32.2 43.5 3,125 2,526 6,593 5,014

2007–08.................................................... 2,532,955 1,914,567 75.6 35.4 30.6 33.6 45.6 3,376 2,580 6,791 6,009

2008–09.................................................... 2,675,974 2,089,288 78.1 38.0 30.2 34.1 48.6 3,915 2,705 7,250 6,974

Public

2000–01................................................ 1,333,236 872,109 65.4 30.0 33.5 22.7 30.7 2,408 1,707 2,275 3,050

2004–05................................................ 1,497,590 1,045,144 69.8 33.0 34.9 23.5 33.7 2,891 2,138 2,976 3,715

2005–06................................................ 1,510,268 1,066,041 70.6 31.1 34.8 25.1 34.2 2,926 2,226 3,162 3,866

2006–07................................................ 1,568,395 1,096,808 69.9 30.9 34.9 25.2 34.2 3,099 2,318 3,316 4,081

2007–08................................................ 1,648,583 1,173,222 71.2 32.6 35.8 25.9 34.7 3,368 2,351 3,530 4,803

2008–09................................................ 1,700,907 1,246,670 73.3 33.7 36.9 26.5 36.3 3,869 2,486 3,755 5,542

4-year

2000–01 ............................................ 804,793 573,430 71.3 26.6 36.5 29.6 40.7 2,569 2,068 2,616 3,212

2004–05 ............................................ 888,267 670,365 75.5 28.3 38.2 32.0 44.3 3,048 2,622 3,388 3,998

2005–06 ............................................ 906,948 695,017 76.6 26.6 36.8 34.2 44.4 3,071 2,752 3,573 4,166

2006–07 ............................................ 949,162 716,323 75.5 26.6 36.7 34.2 43.8 3,365 2,848 3,759 4,433

2007–08 ............................................ 976,830 753,643 77.2 28.0 37.4 36.2 45.2 3,675 2,963 3,956 5,190

2008–09 ............................................ 1,007,609 792,028 78.6 28.4 37.9 37.2 46.9 4,157 3,152 4,186 5,972

2-year

2000–01 ............................................ 528,443 298,679 56.5 35.2 28.8 12.1 15.3 2,222 1,009 1,004 2,396

2004–05 ............................................ 609,323 374,779 61.5 39.7 30.2 11.1 18.2 2,728 1,246 1,238 2,712

2005–06 ............................................ 603,320 371,024 61.5 38.0 31.9 11.3 19.0 2,774 1,314 1,297 2,812

2006–07 ............................................ 619,233 380,485 61.4 37.5 32.2 11.6 19.6 2,810 1,393 1,311 2,877

2007–08 ............................................ 671,753 419,579 62.5 39.1 33.4 10.8 19.4 3,048 1,354 1,458 3,488

2008–09 ............................................ 693,298 454,642 65.6 41.5 35.4 11.0 21.1 3,584 1,451 1,637 4,152

Private not-for-profit

2000–01................................................ 439,369 363,044 82.6 28.4 31.8 68.1 57.7 2,879 2,998 7,368 4,019

2004–05................................................ 471,015 400,562 85.0 27.9 31.5 72.9 59.6 3,427 3,057 9,284 4,981

2005–06................................................ 471,069 401,908 85.3 26.5 31.3 73.8 59.8 3,426 3,117 9,932 5,270

2006–07................................................ 477,698 407,247 85.3 26.2 30.5 73.9 59.3 3,704 3,321 10,724 5,544

2007–08................................................ 494,088 424,943 86.0 27.3 30.0 74.4 60.2 3,928 3,386 11,465 6,415

2008–09................................................ 496,638 433,208 87.2 27.4 30.2 76.6 60.6 4,450 3,523 12,699 7,609

4-year

2000–01 ............................................ 419,499 347,638 82.9 27.4 32.2 70.1 58.1 2,930 3,001 7,458 4,000

2004–05 ............................................ 459,435 390,761 85.1 27.2 31.4 73.8 59.8 3,463 3,059 9,360 4,991

2005–06 ............................................ 460,832 393,429 85.4 26.0 31.2 74.6 59.8 3,437 3,121 10,002 5,264

2006–07 ............................................ 468,969 400,044 85.3 25.8 30.4 74.4 59.4 3,729 3,329 10,797 5,558

2007–08 ............................................ 484,021 416,405 86.0 26.7 30.0 75.1 60.3 3,960 3,391 11,539 6,435

2008–09 ............................................ 487,050 424,881 87.2 26.8 30.1 77.4 60.6 4,488 3,523 12,780 7,638

2-year

2000–01 ............................................ 19,870 15,406 77.5 49.2 23.9 25.7 49.5 2,269 2,892 2,168 4,509

2004–05 ............................................ 11,580 9,801 84.6 55.3 35.9 36.5 55.2 2,715 2,996 3,133 4,526

2005–06 ............................................ 10,237 8,479 82.8 51.6 36.1 38.5 55.9 3,176 2,974 3,799 5,531

2006–07 ............................................ 8,729 7,203 82.5 47.6 37.2 44.0 53.5 2,992 2,963 4,122 4,715

2007–08 ............................................ 10,067 8,538 84.8 53.3 31.6 37.7 54.1 3,161 3,138 4,364 5,323

2008–09 ............................................ 9,588 8,327 86.8 59.2 32.0 37.5 58.1 3,563 3,550 4,194 6,089

Private for-profit

2000–01................................................ 203,995 155,374 76.2 49.3 15.2 6.2 63.5 2,312 2,494 1,540 5,517

2004–05................................................ 291,985 244,204 83.6 58.6 12.1 7.5 71.3 2,703 2,380 1,639 5,575

2005–06................................................ 328,206 263,366 80.2 55.6 11.4 8.8 70.4 2,725 2,796 1,423 6,454

2006–07................................................ 380,950 262,202 68.8 44.8 9.3 8.4 61.7 2,776 2,474 1,545 6,506

2007–08................................................ 390,284 316,402 81.1 57.8 9.5 14.9 72.9 3,066 2,996 1,154 8,010

2008–09................................................ 478,429 409,410 85.6 64.5 6.6 17.2 79.6 3,766 3,167 1,184 8,798

4-year

2000–01 ............................................ 81,075 51,739 63.8 36.1 11.9 8.3 57.7 2,295 2,889 1,616 5,749

2004–05 ............................................ 125,041 99,840 79.8 52.2 10.6 11.2 73.6 2,564 2,189 1,845 5,955

2005–06 ............................................ 157,705 116,237 73.7 46.8 8.9 10.9 67.2 2,490 2,945 1,641 7,046

2006–07 ............................................ 229,746 127,215 55.4 32.5 5.7 8.4 52.0 2,608 2,622 1,878 6,989

2007–08 ............................................ 210,468 159,991 76.0 51.5 7.2 20.4 68.7 3,030 2,922 1,235 8,799

2008–09 ............................................ 258,498 221,487 85.7 62.7 5.8 23.5 81.4 3,745 3,139 1,296 9,660

2-year

2000–01 ............................................ 122,920 103,635 84.3 58.0 17.3 4.8 67.3 2,319 2,314 1,453 5,387

2004–05 ............................................ 166,944 144,364 86.5 63.5 13.3 4.7 69.6 2,789 2,494 1,275 5,274

2005–06 ............................................ 170,501 147,129 86.3 63.6 13.7 6.8 73.4 2,885 2,706 1,098 5,951

2006–07 ............................................ 151,204 134,987 89.3 63.4 14.7 8.3 76.4 2,906 2,386 1,029 6,007

2007–08 ............................................ 179,816 156,411 87.0 65.0 12.3 8.4 77.9 3,100 3,047 924 7,195

2008–09 ............................................ 219,931 187,923 85.4 66.6 7.6 9.8 77.5 3,788 3,191 869 7,734
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source or type of aid.2Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.3Includes Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).4Details on federal and nonfederal work-study participants are not available.5Includes students who were single, divorced, or widowed.

6Excludes students attending more than one institution.NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and because some from different sources. Full-time, full-year undergraduates were enrolled full titions. Data include undergraduates in degree-granting and non-degree-grantcategories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in pSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatiAid Study (NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared August 2009.)

Table 351. Average amount of financial aid awarded to full-time, full-year undergraduates, by type and source of aid and selected student characteristics: 2007–Selected student characteristic

Any aid Grants Loans 

Total1 Federal2 Nonfederal Total Federal Nonfederal Total3 Fede

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

All full-time, full-year 

undergraduates............................. $12,740 (115) $8,070 (73) $8,020 (84) $7,110 (73) $3,670 (34) $6,390 (78) $9,480 (69) $7,050 

Sex

Male .......................................................... 12,830 (158) 8,170 (112) 8,170 (112) 7,160 (95) 3,690 (43) 6,400 (98) 9,690 (112) 7,170 

Female...................................................... 12,670 (124) 7,990 (71) 7,920 (106) 7,080 (85) 3,650 (36) 6,370 (95) 9,340 (80) 6,960 

Race/ethnicity

White......................................................... 12,860 (131) 8,040 (79) 8,390 (111) 7,090 (91) 3,500 (45) 6,590 (96) 9,790 (90) 7,150 

Black ......................................................... 13,530 (163) 8,970 (105) 7,340 (162) 7,040 (133) 3,830 (48) 6,000 (168) 8,940 (156) 6,990 (Hispanic .................................................... 11,360 (261) 7,370 (138) 6,610 (183) 6,500 (137) 3,750 (43) 5,170 (152) 8,970 (189) 6,660 (Asian......................................................... 12,570 (361) 7,400 (208) 8,410 (277) 8,760 (271) 3,950 (63) 7,400 (296) 8,770 (244) 6,870 (American Indian/Alaska Native................. 10,850 (847) 7,650 (554) 6,360 (759) 6,680 (695) 4,130 (333) 5,140 (747) 7,980 (592) 6,520 (Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander............... 13,430 (840) 8,950 (643) 7,720 (818) 6,140 (567) 3,440 (253) 5,510 (702) 11,100 (665) 8,360 (Other......................................................... 12,240 (1,247) 7,810 (584) 8,220 (1,222) 7,340 (1,233) 3,420 (335) 6,980 (1,245) 7,220 (713) 5,650 (Two or more races .................................... 13,580 (397) 8,530 (242) 8,410 (381) 8,170 (353) 3,890 (141) 7,150 (366) 8,870 (355) 6,910 (

Age

15 to 23 years old ..................................... 12,980 (119) 7,820 (71) 8,570 (97) 7,680 (85) 3,730 (37) 6,870 (85) 9,590 (83) 7,040 

24 to 29 years old ..................................... 12,290 (218) 9,140 (154) 5,740 (131) 5,150 (122) 3,560 (65) 3,740 (130) 9,300 (132) 7,130 30 years old or over .................................. 11,350 (198) 8,510 (142) 5,310 (144) 4,810 (88) 3,490 (53) 3,520 (118) 9,000 (159) 6,990 (

Marital status

Not married5.............................................. 12,880 (119) 8,020 (72) 8,240 (88) 7,330 (77) 3,700 (34) 6,570 (80) 9,520 (76) 7,050 

Married...................................................... 11,290 (199) 8,340 (157) 5,790 (140) 4,940 (114) 3,360 (73) 4,100 (146) 9,180 (163) 7,000 (Separated ................................................. 12,210 (350) 9,200 (257) 4,930 (316) 4,970 (175) 3,790 (93) 3,080 (246) 9,050 (342) 6,900 (

Dependency status and family income

Dependent ................................................ 13,110 (127) 7,780 (73) 8,740 (103) 7,800 (92) 3,710 (37) 6,990 (90) 9,700 (87) 7,080 

Less than $20,000 ................................ 12,840 (195) 8,060 (109) 6,820 (163) 8,590 (143) 4,560 (35) 5,950 (156) 7,050 (156) 5,650 ($20,000–$39,999 .................................. 13,720 (256) 7,900 (132) 7,860 (185) 8,550 (162) 3,740 (41) 6,690 (157) 8,010 (191) 6,210 ($40,000–$59,999 .................................. 13,180 (280) 7,080 (148) 8,860 (254) 7,460 (213) 2,360 (48) 6,960 (215) 9,180 (228) 6,550 ($60,000–$79,999 .................................. 12,650 (225) 7,140 (138) 9,070 (208) 7,050 (209) 1,660 (248) 7,040 (208) 9,780 (160) 6,920 ($80,000–$99,999 .................................. 13,250 (283) 7,680 (161) 9,780 (285) 7,590 (266) ‡ (†) 7,570 (264) 10,590 (216) 7,500 ($100,000 or more.................................. 12,960 (185) 8,470 (176) 9,390 (152) 7,400 (147) 2,860 (634) 7,380 (146) 11,780 (177) 8,560 (

Independent.............................................. 11,710 (158) 8,720 (110) 5,580 (87) 5,240 (74) 3,600 (43) 3,920 (87) 8,950 (94) 6,970 

Less than $10,000 ................................ 12,450 (224) 9,330 (136) 5,560 (162) 6,170 (108) 4,120 (41) 4,150 (135) 8,470 (147) 6,890 $10,000–$19,999 .................................. 11,490 (220) 8,690 (150) 5,200 (199) 4,890 (121) 3,290 (59) 3,700 (170) 8,620 (186) 6,980 ($20,000–$29,999 .................................. 11,600 (275) 8,420 (202) 5,610 (246) 5,050 (178) 3,660 (65) 3,620 (208) 9,070 (265) 6,770 ($30,000–$49,999 .................................. 11,010 (252) 8,280 (187) 5,120 (177) 3,840 (113) 2,520 (77) 3,350 (159) 9,230 (203) 7,150 ($50,000 or more.................................... 10,990 (335) 7,700 (217) 6,880 (294) 4,610 (248) ‡ (†) 4,680 (241) 10,310 (362) 7,180 (

Housing status6

School-owned ........................................... 17,220 (198) 9,120 (116) 11,530 (174) 10,250 (149) 4,010 (50) 9,340 (151) 10,700 (163) 7,710 (Off-campus, not with parents.................... 11,850 (109) 8,280 (74) 6,680 (96) 5,880 (80) 3,580 (39) 5,000 (97) 9,320 (84) 7,060 With parents.............................................. 8,570 (130) 6,140 (92) 5,220 (115) 5,270 (83) 3,610 (39) 4,040 (99) 7,740 (140) 5,730 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source or type of aid.2Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.3Includes Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).4Details on federal and nonfederal work-study participants are not available.5Includes students who were single, divorced, or widowed.6Excludes students attending more than one institution.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and because some from different sources. Part-time or part-year undergraduates include studenstudents enrolled less than 9 months either part time or full time. Data includdegree-granting institutions. Data include veteran’s benefits and Department categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in pSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatiAid Study (NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared August 2009.)

Table 352. Average amount of financial aid awarded to part-time or part-year undergraduates, by type and source of aid and selected student characteristics: 20Selected student characteristic

Any aid Grants Loans 

Total1 Federal2 Nonfederal Total Federal Nonfederal Total3 Fede

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

All part-time or part-year 

undergraduates............................. $5,820 (105) $5,170 (101) $3,400 (75) $2,710 (54) $2,320 (37) $2,350 (67) $6,490 (74) $5,180 

Sex

Male .......................................................... 5,810 (122) 5,300 (132) 3,540 (91) 2,770 (62) 2,600 (59) 2,500 (74) 6,660 (128) 5,290 (1

Female...................................................... 5,830 (113) 5,090 (95) 3,300 (83) 2,680 (59) 2,180 (33) 2,250 (79) 6,400 (79) 5,130 

Race/ethnicity

White......................................................... 5,840 (101) 5,230 (101) 3,570 (85) 2,720 (51) 2,320 (40) 2,500 (64) 6,530 (98) 5,170 

Black ......................................................... 6,120 (143) 5,250 (121) 3,230 (106) 2,580 (76) 2,240 (50) 2,030 (101) 6,400 (107) 5,080 

Hispanic .................................................... 5,360 (212) 4,880 (155) 2,860 (150) 2,590 (93) 2,310 (54) 1,940 (115) 6,490 (162) 5,390 (1

Asian......................................................... 5,920 (336) 5,130 (245) 3,820 (344) 3,550 (310) 2,640 (194) 3,160 (395) 6,590 (243) 5,360 (2

American Indian/Alaska Native................. 4,940 (563) 4,460 (520) 2,500 (278) 2,800 (352) 2,840 (342) 1,850 (241) 4,830 (497) 4,090 (3

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander............... 5,010 (393) 4,900 (410) 3,110 (386) 2,430 (267) 2,170 (286) 1,930 (350) 6,550 (608) 5,230 (3

Other......................................................... 5,250 (621) 4,810 (476) 3,010 (568) 2,180 (248) 2,060 (157) 1,610 (339) 7,100 (671) 5,450 (5

Two or more races .................................... 6,700 (299) 5,580 (208) 3,790 (316) 3,100 (195) 2,590 (180) 2,820 (263) 6,840 (323) 5,410 (2

Age

15 to 23 years old ..................................... 6,330 (158) 5,020 (98) 4,120 (141) 3,270 (99) 2,300 (42) 2,980 (124) 6,660 (111) 5,160 

24 to 29 years old ..................................... 6,010 (148) 5,520 (120) 3,000 (98) 2,360 (44) 2,480 (61) 1,830 (61) 6,390 (138) 5,220 

30 years old or over .................................. 4,990 (74) 5,080 (130) 2,680 (67) 2,240 (37) 2,210 (40) 1,860 (44) 6,300 (113) 5,190 

Marital status

Not married5.............................................. 6,110 (128) 5,170 (100) 3,650 (97) 2,890 (66) 2,290 (36) 2,540 (83) 6,540 (93) 5,190 

Married...................................................... 4,940 (95) 5,110 (126) 2,710 (79) 2,200 (38) 2,440 (75) 1,910 (47) 6,360 (143) 5,210 

Separated ................................................. 6,060 (311) 5,390 (171) 2,980 (347) 2,470 (110) 2,340 (89) 1,750 (177) 6,210 (431) 4,950 (1

Dependency status and family income

Dependent ................................................ 6,530 (180) 5,060 (112) 4,370 (159) 3,470 (114) 2,260 (44) 3,200 (136) 6,870 (136) 5,260 (1

Less than $20,000 ................................ 5,470 (246) 4,540 (161) 2,830 (167) 3,290 (126) 2,600 (60) 2,120 (140) 5,420 (199) 4,420 (1

$20,000–$39,999 .................................. 6,090 (214) 4,720 (136) 3,380 (145) 3,260 (98) 2,230 (49) 2,550 (110) 6,060 (186) 4,810 (1

$40,000–$59,999 .................................. 6,500 (274) 4,830 (152) 4,360 (250) 3,140 (181) 1,590 (94) 3,140 (222) 6,600 (211) 4,970 (1

$60,000–$79,999 .................................. 6,710 (239) 5,360 (282) 4,870 (183) 3,550 (190) 2,320 (445) 3,600 (192) 7,090 (275) 5,330 (2

$80,000–$99,999 .................................. 7,500 (378) 5,660 (256) 5,750 (406) 4,190 (468) ‡ (†) 4,180 (469) 7,620 (343) 5,550 (2

$100,000 or more.................................. 7,460 (275) 6,200 (266) 5,550 (263) 4,190 (236) ‡ (†) 4,190 (235) 8,340 (283) 6,490 (2

Independent.............................................. 5,430 (79) 5,230 (108) 2,810 (49) 2,330 (34) 2,350 (40) 1,850 (40) 6,270 (67) 5,140 

Less than $10,000 ................................ 6,140 (141) 5,440 (115) 2,910 (98) 2,700 (60) 2,520 (48) 1,730 (77) 5,910 (135) 4,840 

$10,000–$19,999 .................................. 5,970 (186) 5,120 (118) 2,830 (143) 2,300 (63) 2,130 (46) 1,650 (95) 6,050 (129) 4,950 

$20,000–$29,999 .................................. 5,630 (133) 5,160 (130) 2,860 (100) 2,410 (73) 2,460 (72) 1,770 (82) 6,350 (140) 5,260 (1

$30,000–$49,999 .................................. 5,130 (120) 5,030 (161) 2,660 (89) 2,050 (53) 1,950 (62) 1,800 (67) 6,400 (131) 5,350 (1

$50,000 or more.................................... 4,330 (101) 5,350 (149) 2,830 (88) 2,100 (70) 3,850 (266) 2,110 (70) 6,930 (178) 5,530 (1

Housing status6

School-owned ........................................... 11,330 (356) 6,710 (230) 7,990 (328) 6,520 (258) 2,840 (114) 6,360 (290) 8,300 (268) 5,950 (2Off-campus, not with parents.................... 5,590 (95) 5,180 (106) 3,060 (66) 2,450 (42) 2,300 (42) 2,020 (53) 6,400 (83) 5,140 With parents.............................................. 4,730 (141) 4,390 (131) 2,780 (98) 2,420 (65) 2,250 (50) 1,850 (80) 5,940 (135) 4,820 (1
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 503

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Numbers of undergraduates may not equal figures reported in other tables, since these

data are based on a sample survey of students who enrolled at any time during the academic year.

2Includes only those students who borrowed to finance their undergraduate education.

Excludes loans from family sources.

3Includes students who reported that they were awarded aid, but did not specify the

source of the aid.

4Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.

NOTE: Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Detail may not sum

to totals because of rounding and because some students receive multiple types of aid and

aid from different sources. Data include Puerto Rico. Some data have been revised from

previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2003–04 and 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:04 and

NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared November 2009.)

Table 353. Amount borrowed, aid status, and sources of aid for full-time and part-time undergraduates, by control and type of institution: 

2003–04 and 2007–08

Control and type of institution

Number of

undergraduates1

(in thousands)

Cumulative

amount borrowed

for undergraduate

education2

Aid status (percent of students)

Nonaided

Receiving aid, by source

Any aid3,4 Federal4 State Institutional Other3

1 2345678 9

2003–04

Full-time, full-year students

All institutions................... 7,679 (79.8) $11,800 (106) 24.5 (0.56) 75.5 (0.56) 60.7 (0.42) 24.3 (0.59) 32.0 (0.72) 23.4 (0.45)

Public........................................ 5,569 (72.0) 10,560 (115) 29.7 (0.54) 70.3 (0.54) 55.0 (0.41) 23.6 (0.54) 24.0 (0.59) 19.9 (0.37)

4-year doctoral...................... 2,375 (30.0) 11,810 (136) 24.4 (0.63) 75.6 (0.63) 58.3 (0.68) 24.5 (0.75) 32.4 (0.82) 23.1 (0.51)

Other 4-year.......................... 1,201 (41.0) 10,790 (294) 22.6 (1.36) 77.4 (1.36) 64.7 (1.25) 29.8 (1.62) 23.9 (1.45) 20.5 (0.93)

2-year.................................... 1,967 (52.1) 7,390 (245) 40.5 (0.86) 59.5 (0.86) 45.1 (0.76) 18.7 (0.81) 14.3 (0.89) 15.5 (0.67)

Less-than-2-year................... 26 (2.2) 6,230 (518) 34.3 (3.09) 65.7 (3.09) 45.1 (2.95) 18.0 (2.62) 7.0 (1.39) 20.6 (2.38)

Private, not-for-profit ................. 1,623 (38.6) 14,310 (275) 11.6 (0.74) 88.4 (0.74) 72.4 (0.72) 29.4 (1.77) 65.4 (2.19) 34.0 (1.21)

4-year doctoral...................... 653 (27.8) 15,010 (445) 16.1 (1.02) 83.9 (1.02) 65.7 (1.53) 23.8 (1.90) 64.2 (2.12) 34.2 (1.29)

Other 4-year.......................... 925 (33.9) 14,040 (398) 8.4 (1.11) 91.6 (1.11) 77.1 (1.17) 33.3 (2.73) 67.5 (3.34) 34.4 (1.96)

Less-than-4-year................... 45 (4.1) 9,730 (1,240) 13.8 (3.04) 86.2 (3.04) 71.4 (3.93) 30.1 (5.32) 38.1 (7.04) 20.8 (3.58)

Private, for-profit ....................... 487 (17.9) 12,950 (344) 7.6 (0.86) 92.4 (0.86) 87.2 (1.26) 15.6 (2.22) 12.3 (1.54) 28.1 (1.89)

2-year and above .................. 355 (19.3) 14,670 (448) 6.0 (0.91) 94.0 (0.91) 89.3 (1.30) 19.6 (3.01) 12.3 (2.08) 30.9 (2.56)

Less-than-2-year................... 132 (3.8) 7,730 (278) 12.0 (1.15) 88.0 (1.15) 81.8 (1.72) 5.0 (0.74) 12.2 (0.95) 20.5 (1.09)

Part-time or part-year students

All institutions .................... 11,375 (79.8) 10,660 (132) 45.9 (0.79) 54.1 (0.79) 38.3 (0.76) 10.2 (0.44) 10.3 (0.49) 19.2 (0.34)

Public........................................ 9,095 (74.6) 10,230 (134) 53.1 (1.01) 46.9 (1.01) 31.2 (1.06) 10.1 (0.44) 7.9 (0.45) 16.6 (0.36)

Private, not-for-profit ................. 1,232 (36.9) 13,790 (470) 23.2 (1.04) 76.8 (1.04) 53.2 (1.27) 13.9 (1.52) 30.7 (2.39) 33.1 (1.25)

Private, for-profit ....................... 1,048 (20.4) 9,520 (291) 10.3 (0.52) 89.7 (0.52) 83.1 (0.70) 6.8 (0.87) 6.9 (0.91) 25.0 (1.43)

2007–08

Full-time, full-year students

All institutions................... 8,220 (59.4) $15,100 (133) 20.5 (0.37) 79.5 (0.37) 63.0 (0.32) 27.7 (0.43) 34.0 (0.52) 32.3 (0.31)

Public........................................ 5,618 (39.9) 13,010 (147) 26.0 (0.46) 74.0 (0.46) 56.6 (0.34) 28.9 (0.42) 26.6 (0.42) 26.2 (0.38)

4-year doctoral...................... 2,690 (25.7) 14,580 (230) 23.3 (0.71) 76.7 (0.71) 57.5 (0.78) 29.7 (0.68) 33.3 (0.62) 30.6 (0.47)

Other 4-year.......................... 1,162 (18.2) 13,280 (229) 19.1 (0.67) 80.9 (0.67) 65.7 (0.94) 33.6 (0.93) 25.1 (1.01) 28.7 (0.70)

2-year.................................... 1,738 (31.2) 8,710 (237) 34.6 (0.65) 65.4 (0.65) 49.2 (1.26) 24.8 (0.78) 17.8 (0.90) 17.6 (0.64)

Less-than-2-year................... 28 (3.1) 10,050 (964) 31.9 (4.65) 68.1 (4.65) 57.2 (4.34) 17.0 (4.14) 2.1 (1.41) 21.6 (3.38)

Private, not-for-profit ................. 1,864 (25.9) 19,140 (328) 10.9 (0.64) 89.1 (0.64) 70.0 (0.63) 31.3 (1.05) 66.2 (1.47) 42.3 (0.69)

4-year doctoral...................... 928 (20.6) 20,610 (601) 15.2 (1.05) 84.8 (1.05) 65.5 (1.21) 26.9 (1.11) 64.5 (2.05) 40.9 (1.02)

Other 4-year.......................... 913 (17.8) 17,920 (462) 6.7 (0.88) 93.3 (0.88) 74.3 (1.13) 35.5 (1.89) 69.1 (2.21) 44.2 (1.11)

Less-than-4-year................... 23 (2.1) 12,770 (1,338) 6.6 (2.20) 93.4 (2.20) 88.0 (3.21) 39.3 (6.79) 15.3 (7.33) 23.7 (4.96)

Private, for-profit ....................... 738 (33.9) 16,380 (374) 3.1 (0.33) 96.9 (0.33) 93.6 (0.63) 9.8 (1.22) 8.2 (1.95) 53.6 (1.36)

2-year and above .................. 611 (31.0) 17,570 (448) 2.6 (0.30) 97.4 (0.30) 94.5 (0.59) 9.3 (1.39) 8.5 (2.41) 56.8 (1.58)

Less-than-2-year................... 126 (7.2) 9,590 (246) 5.5 (0.92) 94.5 (0.92) 89.3 (1.66) 12.1 (2.29) 6.9 (1.82) 38.4 (1.44)

Part-time or part-year students

All institutions .................... 12,708 (59.2) $12,910 (140) 43.4 (1.86) 56.6 (1.86) 38.6 (1.48) 10.9 (0.41) 12.2 (0.80) 23.9 (0.43)

Public........................................ 10,276 (39.9) 11,820 (142) 50.5 (2.02) 49.5 (2.02) 30.2 (1.58) 10.9 (0.47) 10.8 (0.84) 19.2 (0.34)

4-year doctoral...................... 1,656 (25.6) 16,360 (340) 35.7 (0.90) 64.3 (0.90) 43.3 (1.14) 16.3 (0.66) 16.8 (0.61) 27.0 (0.84)

Other 4-year.......................... 1,182 (18.2) 13,650 (269) 40.3 (1.14) 59.7 (1.14) 42.6 (1.05) 11.6 (0.68) 7.9 (0.40) 25.0 (0.82)

2-year.................................... 7,374 (31.2) 9,390 (160) 55.5 (2.54) 44.5 (2.54) 25.2 (1.85) 9.5 (0.58) 10.0 (1.10) 16.5 (0.40)

Less-than-2-year................... 64 (3.1) 8,230 (709) 51.6 (4.55) 48.4 (4.55) 31.8 (3.12) 10.0 (4.52) 4.8 (2.14) 16.0 (2.12)

Private, not-for-profit ................. 1,174 (25.9) 18,510 (352) 23.0 (1.69) 77.0 (1.69) 54.3 (1.23) 15.6 (0.87) 28.4 (1.24) 40.8 (1.19)

4-year doctoral...................... 466 (20.6) 20,460 (565) 25.1 (1.89) 74.9 (1.89) 48.1 (1.69) 12.5 (1.11) 31.9 (1.84) 43.0 (1.65)

Other 4-year.......................... 641 (17.8) 17,710 (485) 21.4 (1.98) 78.6 (1.98) 57.5 (1.96) 17.5 (1.19) 28.0 (1.69) 40.9 (1.57)

Less-than-4-year................... 67 (2.1) 12,720 (1,890) 25.0 (4.05) 75.0 (4.05) 66.8 (3.91) 18.5 (5.45) 8.4 (3.55) 24.4 (2.26)

Private, for-profit ....................... 1,258 (33.9) 13,000 (370) 3.8 (0.28) 96.2 (0.28) 93.2 (0.39) 7.3 (0.59) 8.8 (1.72) 46.8 (1.56)

2-year and above .................. 939 (31.0) 14,210 (438) 1.4 (0.26) 98.6 (0.26) 97.2 (0.42) 8.0 (0.69) 9.3 (2.45) 50.2 (2.01)

Less-than-2-year................... 319 (7.2) 8,900 (306) 10.9 (1.32) 89.1 (1.32) 81.5 (1.83) 5.3 (1.06) 7.3 (2.04) 36.8 (1.79)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.1Details on nonfederal work-study participants are not available. 2Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source of aid.3Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.4The 2003–04 and 2007–08 data include Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).

NOTE: Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Detail mbecause some students receive multiple types of aid and aid from different sources

revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatisticNational Postsecondary Student Aid Studies (NPSAS:93, NPSAS:2000, NPSANovember 2009.)

Table 354. Percentage of full-time, full-year undergraduates receiving aid, by type and source of aid and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 Control and type of institution

Any aid Grants Loans 

Total2 Federal3 Nonfederal Total Federal Nonfederal Total4 Federal4 Non

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1992–93, all institutions........... 58.7 (0.81) 45.6 (0.80) 37.9 (0.76) 48.9 (0.75) 29.4 (0.76) 34.0 (0.71) 32.3 (0.78) 31.3 (0.77) 2.7 

Public................................................. 52.6 (1.03) 40.0 (0.98) 33.0 (0.88) 43.1 (0.94) 27.8 (0.83) 29.1 (0.79) 25.5 (0.89) 24.8 (0.88) 2.0 

4-year doctoral............................... 54.1 (1.18) 39.3 (1.17) 34.8 (0.81) 42.4 (1.02) 23.8 (0.96) 30.8 (0.74) 31.2 (1.05) 30.4 (1.04) 2.4 

Other 4-year................................... 57.1 (1.56) 46.1 (1.61) 37.4 (1.69) 46.1 (1.65) 32.1 (1.63) 32.4 (1.55) 32.2 (1.38) 31.1 (1.34) 2.8 

2-year............................................. 47.2 (2.35) 36.0 (2.09) 27.0 (1.96) 41.9 (2.19) 29.9 (1.81) 24.3 (1.87) 12.1 (1.40) 11.7 (1.38) 0.7 Less-than-2-year............................ 35.4 (7.28) 31.6 (7.27) 15.7 (6.50) 30.3 (5.52) 26.6 (5.70) 12.8 (5.75) 3.0 (1.63) 3.0 (1.63) 0.6 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 70.2 (1.52) 53.4 (1.43) 58.0 (1.60) 62.9 (1.50) 27.7 (1.78) 54.1 (1.64) 45.4 (1.33) 43.6 (1.31) 5.0 

4-year doctoral............................... 63.6 (1.80) 44.5 (1.57) 54.8 (1.78) 56.1 (1.79) 17.3 (1.29) 51.8 (1.70) 40.5 (1.37) 38.5 (1.31) 6.1 

Other 4-year................................... 76.2 (2.07) 60.8 (2.07) 62.7 (2.66) 69.4 (2.07) 35.6 (2.77) 58.1 (2.81) 50.6 (2.17) 49.0 (2.20) 4.1 

Less-than-4-year............................ 73.9 (4.01) 63.9 (5.69) 42.0 (5.38) 61.3 (4.73) 47.3 (7.16) 35.4 (6.71) 39.7 (5.73) 38.1 (5.51) 2.5 

Private, for-profit ................................ 77.3 (2.53) 72.4 (2.76) 16.4 (2.97) 57.0 (2.67) 50.9 (2.69) 11.4 (2.75) 52.9 (3.87) 52.4 (3.87) 2.1 

2-year and above ........................... 82.7 (3.43) 77.4 (4.27) 22.7 (5.67) 52.5 (4.19) 43.4 (4.13) 16.4 (5.15) 63.3 (4.16) 63.0 (4.18) 3.0 

Less-than-2-year............................ 73.2 (3.27) 68.6 (3.26) 11.5 (2.43) 60.4 (3.57) 56.7 (3.75) 7.5 (2.47) 45.0 (5.12) 44.3 (5.09) 1.5 

1999–2000, all institutions....... 72.5 (0.51) 57.7 (0.56) 51.8 (0.64) 58.7 (0.59) 30.3 (0.59) 48.3 (0.65) 45.4 (0.62) 44.3 (0.63) 6.8 

Public................................................. 67.5 (0.64) 52.6 (0.68) 46.0 (0.72) 53.0 (0.70) 29.8 (0.69) 42.5 (0.72) 38.9 (0.74) 37.9 (0.75) 4.4 

4-year doctoral............................... 71.0 (0.65) 54.7 (0.70) 48.7 (0.74) 53.1 (0.70) 25.7 (0.72) 44.6 (0.71) 48.3 (0.76) 47.2 (0.78) 5.5 

Other 4-year................................... 75.0 (1.24) 62.2 (1.48) 50.0 (1.61) 57.7 (1.74) 34.5 (2.11) 46.2 (1.60) 49.1 (1.75) 48.2 (1.78) 4.5 

2-year............................................. 58.2 (1.34) 43.8 (1.28) 40.0 (1.56) 49.9 (1.42) 32.1 (1.17) 37.7 (1.60) 20.5 (1.26) 19.6 (1.24) 3.1 Less-than-2-year............................ 60.7 (5.94) 48.1 (6.42) 33.6 (4.81) 49.2 (6.35) 40.8 (6.85) 25.0 (5.05) 11.0 (4.14) 11.0 (4.14) 0.3 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 84.0 (0.77) 67.6 (1.02) 71.6 (1.27) 74.7 (1.12) 27.7 (1.23) 68.9 (1.36) 59.3 (1.14) 57.7 (1.18) 13.4 

4-year doctoral............................... 78.8 (1.13) 62.3 (1.41) 69.4 (1.29) 69.7 (1.24) 22.4 (0.95) 66.4 (1.36) 57.3 (1.42) 55.5 (1.43) 15.1 

Other 4-year................................... 88.3 (1.12) 72.2 (1.53) 74.1 (2.12) 78.7 (1.81) 30.9 (2.13) 71.6 (2.27) 62.2 (1.79) 60.6 (1.87) 12.8 

Less-than-4-year............................ 81.1 (3.64) 62.6 (3.94) 61.5 (4.76) 73.9 (3.59) 40.0 (3.66) 59.4 (5.18) 40.3 (5.18) 40.2 (5.19) 5.0 

Private, for-profit ................................ 89.2 (1.25) 86.0 (1.50) 35.3 (3.45) 61.8 (2.49) 52.0 (2.95) 28.8 (3.14) 75.0 (2.87) 74.1 (2.93) 7.3 

2-year and above ........................... 88.3 (1.60) 85.3 (1.90) 38.3 (4.46) 58.5 (2.99) 46.3 (3.47) 33.1 (4.01) 79.5 (2.77) 78.7 (2.80) 6.8 

Less-than-2-year............................ 91.7 (1.27) 88.3 (1.92) 26.1 (3.49) 71.9 (3.47) 69.9 (3.52) 15.6 (3.83) 61.0 (7.08) 59.9 (7.28) 8.9 

2003–04, all institutions........... 75.5 (0.56) 60.7 (0.42) 54.7 (0.68) 62.6 (0.51) 33.4 (0.29) 49.9 (0.64) 48.2 (0.45) 46.7 (0.44) 8.9 

Public................................................. 70.3 (0.54) 55.0 (0.41) 48.8 (0.55) 56.3 (0.51) 31.6 (0.37) 44.3 (0.53) 40.5 (0.41) 39.0 (0.40) 5.9 

4-year doctoral............................... 75.6 (0.63) 58.3 (0.68) 55.4 (0.67) 59.3 (0.62) 28.1 (0.78) 50.8 (0.73) 51.7 (0.75) 50.2 (0.73) 7.4 

Other 4-year................................... 77.4 (1.36) 64.7 (1.25) 54.3 (1.23) 59.6 (1.74) 35.0 (1.54) 48.9 (1.21) 53.2 (1.33) 51.6 (1.32) 7.6 

2-year............................................. 59.5 (0.86) 45.1 (0.76) 37.6 (1.02) 50.6 (0.96) 33.7 (0.75) 34.0 (1.01) 19.6 (0.80) 18.2 (0.80) 3.1 Less-than-2-year............................ 65.7 (3.09) 45.1 (2.95) 37.9 (2.69) 51.7 (3.06) 36.4 (2.20) 24.9 (2.59) 17.5 (4.55) 16.8 (4.64) 2.9 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 88.4 (0.74) 72.4 (0.72) 78.3 (1.77) 81.2 (0.92) 31.9 (0.64) 74.6 (1.81) 64.9 (1.04) 63.1 (1.00) 16.8 

4-year doctoral............................... 83.9 (1.02) 65.7 (1.53) 76.0 (1.43) 75.9 (1.16) 24.2 (2.24) 72.2 (1.38) 60.3 (1.59) 58.4 (1.59) 17.5 

Other 4-year................................... 91.6 (1.11) 77.1 (1.17) 80.7 (2.87) 85.2 (1.48) 36.6 (1.64) 77.2 (2.99) 69.1 (1.95) 67.6 (1.90) 16.6 

Less-than-4-year............................ 86.2 (3.04) 71.4 (3.93) 62.2 (4.94) 75.4 (3.74) 49.4 (4.06) 55.4 (5.88) 44.2 (4.56) 41.5 (4.18) 9.1 

Private, for-profit ................................ 92.4 (0.86) 87.2 (1.26) 44.1 (2.44) 72.6 (1.46) 58.9 (1.29) 31.6 (2.43) 80.6 (1.83) 79.5 (1.85) 16.3 

2-year and above ........................... 94.0 (0.91) 89.3 (1.30) 48.5 (3.23) 73.8 (1.93) 58.7 (1.65) 36.3 (3.15) 84.5 (1.62) 83.7 (1.64) 17.5 

Less-than-2-year............................ 88.0 (1.15) 81.8 (1.72) 32.5 (1.45) 69.2 (0.98) 59.5 (1.11) 19.0 (1.98) 70.2 (3.73) 68.4 (3.73) 13.1 

2007–08, all institutions........... 79.5 (0.37) 63.0 (0.32) 62.9 (0.43) 64.4 (0.38) 33.0 (0.38) 52.8 (0.52) 53.3 (0.42) 49.6 (0.42) 20.1 

Public................................................. 74.0 (0.46) 56.6 (0.34) 57.0 (0.49) 58.0 (0.39) 30.7 (0.39) 48.7 (0.49) 44.3 (0.40) 40.7 (0.40) 13.9 

4-year doctoral............................... 76.7 (0.71) 57.5 (0.78) 62.1 (0.68) 58.9 (0.66) 26.1 (0.37) 53.1 (0.68) 52.7 (0.59) 48.6 (0.63) 17.1 

Other 4-year................................... 80.9 (0.67) 65.7 (0.94) 61.4 (0.79) 62.1 (0.91) 34.3 (0.98) 51.7 (0.81) 54.6 (0.68) 51.3 (0.69) 15.8 

2-year............................................. 65.4 (0.65) 49.2 (1.26) 46.6 (0.82) 53.9 (0.68) 35.1 (1.69) 40.4 (0.81) 24.8 (1.16) 21.5 (1.26) 7.8 

Less-than-2-year............................ 68.1 (4.65) 57.2 (4.34) 33.0 (5.08) 55.1 (4.52) 48.2 (5.04) 16.1 (2.99) 26.2 (3.54) 23.1 (3.31) 10.6 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 89.1 (0.64) 70.0 (0.63) 81.8 (0.81) 80.6 (0.86) 28.3 (0.44) 76.0 (1.02) 64.9 (0.62) 60.9 (0.57) 29.1 

4-year doctoral............................... 84.8 (1.05) 65.5 (1.21) 78.3 (1.20) 75.9 (1.25) 23.6 (1.13) 72.4 (1.46) 61.6 (1.18) 57.1 (1.19) 28.6 

Other 4-year................................... 93.3 (0.88) 74.3 (1.13) 86.0 (1.16) 85.7 (1.19) 32.3 (1.25) 80.3 (1.48) 68.8 (1.22) 65.2 (1.28) 29.9 

Less-than-4-year............................ 93.4 (2.20) 88.0 (3.21) 58.3 (7.17) 72.3 (5.01) 61.2 (6.87) 46.2 (6.21) 44.9 (6.03) 41.6 (5.61) 19.5 

Private, for-profit ................................ 96.9 (0.33) 93.6 (0.63) 60.1 (1.77) 72.3 (1.36) 62.2 (1.44) 25.4 (1.80) 92.0 (0.59) 88.7 (0.77) 44.0 

2-year and above ........................... 97.4 (0.30) 94.5 (0.59) 62.2 (2.03) 71.7 (1.63) 60.0 (1.76) 27.0 (2.18) 94.7 (0.59) 92.8 (0.70) 45.6 

Less-than-2-year............................ 94.5 (0.92) 89.3 (1.66) 50.1 (2.45) 75.3 (1.87) 72.6 (1.90) 17.7 (1.93) 78.7 (1.62) 68.8 (2.81) 35.8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 355. Average amount of financial aid awarded to full-time, full-year undergraduates, by type and source of aid and control and type of institution: Selected 

2007–08

Control and type of institution

Any aid Grants Loans 

Total2 Federal3 Nonfederal Total4 Federal Nonfederal Total 5 Federal5 No

1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 

1992–93, all institutions........... $5,730 (1,344) $4,300 (334) $3,480 (915) $3,550 (643) $1,980 (32) $3,320 (807) $3,880 (293) $3,760 (198) $2,730 

Public................................................. 4,070 (314) 3,700 (45) 1,800 (262) 2,400 (60) 1,880 (21) 1,660 (325) 3,330 (41) 3,270 (46) 2,020 

4-year doctoral............................... 4,750 (349) 4,360 (55) 2,280 (235) 2,710 (106) 1,970 (25) 2,140 (278) 3,640 (60) 3,560 (68) 2,110 Other 4-year................................... 4,240 (302) 3,780 (71) 1,660 (85) 2,420 (49) 1,940 (29) 1,450 (123) 3,200 (64) 3,120 (66) 2,150 

2-year............................................. 2,760 (189) 2,620 (100) 1,090 (461) 1,930 (76) 1,720 (61) 1,030 (524) 2,530 (163) 2,560 (152) ‡ Less-than-2-year............................ 2,300 (322) 1,950 (217) 1,140 (503) 1,970 (305) 1,760 (44) 880 (163) 3,140 (801) 2,970 (885) ‡ 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 9,220 (3,036) 5,250 (949) 6,050 (1,869) 6,030 (1,564) 2,310 (124) 5,740 (1,651) 4,430 (809) 4,190 (600) 3,440 

4-year doctoral............................... 10,240 (932) 5,630 (341) 6,920 (326) 6,810 (241) 2,410 (59) 6,390 (422) 4,880 (142) 4,540 (121) 3,690 Other 4-year................................... 8,280 (1,403) 4,920 (363) 5,160 (315) 5,370 (359) 2,260 (71) 4,790 (316) 4,170 (175) 4,020 (155) 2,910 

Less-than-4-year............................ 7,670 (920) 4,750 (225) 4,580 (434) 4,860 (405) 2,230 (25) 4,620 (389) 3,730 (124) 3,640 (111) 2,670 

Private, for-profit ................................ 5,210 (294) 4,920 (284) 2,350 (1,168) 2,120 (307) 1,900 (71) 1,850 (1,392) 4,740 (287) 4,680 (286) 2,360 

2-year and above ........................... 6,010 (328) 5,530 (285) 2,560 (1,307) 2,410 (528) 1,970 (142) 2,210 (1,955) 5,190 (417) 5,110 (381) ‡ Less-than-2-year............................ 4,510 (434) 4,390 (430) 1,990 (1,238) 1,920 (158) 1,860 (70) 1,160 (679) 4,240 (420) 4,210 (384) ‡ 

1995–96, all institutions........... $6,860 (240) $5,370 (115) $3,800 (253) $3,900 (212) $2,010 (22) $3,610 (253) $5,020 (95) $4,970 (94) $2,750 

Public................................................. 5,230 (148) 4,820 (136) 2,210 (74) 2,700 (76) 1,930 (26) 2,080 (72) 4,620 (138) 4,610 (139) 2,350 

4-year doctoral............................... 6,290 (165) 5,670 (248) 2,860 (104) 3,190 (142) 1,910 (24) 2,730 (106) 5,180 (233) 5,130 (232) 2,690 Other 4-year................................... 5,420 (229) 4,850 (197) 1,980 (63) 2,700 (68) 1,950 (73) 1,850 (53) 4,310 (135) 4,300 (133) ‡ 

2-year............................................. 3,420 (232) 3,460 (206) 1,270 (112) 2,010 (75) 1,940 (185) 1,090 (91) 3,620 (303) 3,680 (319) ‡ 

Less-than-2-year............................ 2,960 (1,682) 2,660 (1,040) 2,410 (471) 2,370 (113) 1,740 (328) 2,550 (282) 3,600 (564) 3,600 (564) ‡ 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 10,540 (660) 6,500 (236) 6,390 (586) 6,360 (576) 2,270 (60) 5,990 (567) 5,700 (137) 5,580 (130) 3,110 

4-year doctoral............................... 13,040 (1,635) 7,310 (433) 8,450 (1,494) 8,240 (1,549) 2,350 (61) 7,870 (1,465) 6,450 (276) 6,320 (217) 3,560 

Other 4-year................................... 9,810 (240) 6,270 (237) 5,700 (133) 5,790 (120) 2,270 (101) 5,330 (126) 5,420 (161) 5,310 (148) 3,340 Less-than-4-year............................ 6,190 (296) 5,100 (183) 2,850 (303) 3,190 (622) 2,030 (32) 2,760 (619) 5,000 (349) 4,870 (236) 1,280 

Private, for-profit ................................ 6,400 (158) 5,870 (114) 2,700 (273) 2,510 (97) 1,950 (33) 2,360 (253) 5,280 (245) 5,210 (230) 2,350 

2-year and above ........................... 7,040 (389) 6,370 (328) 2,950 (197) 2,830 (193) 2,000 (33) 2,690 (149) 5,670 (220) 5,620 (224) ‡ Less-than-2-year............................ 5,650 (525) 5,270 (461) 2,370 (527) 2,140 (102) 1,900 (88) 1,620 (407) 4,770 (713) 4,680 (678) 2,070 

1999–2000, all institutions....... $8,520 (78) $6,160 (57) $5,030 (97) $4,980 (69) $2,520 (17) $4,460 (90) $6,280 (72) $5,690 (69) $4,940 

Public................................................. 6,340 (74) 5,500 (60) 3,000 (57) 3,490 (38) 2,460 (13) 2,620 (42) 5,450 (65) 5,130 (68) 3,930 

4-year doctoral............................... 7,560 (85) 6,420 (68) 3,800 (74) 4,110 (57) 2,510 (38) 3,440 (72) 5,950 (74) 5,620 (59) 3,950 Other 4-year................................... 6,310 (193) 5,480 (149) 2,630 (141) 3,240 (104) 2,410 (26) 2,240 (99) 5,120 (197) 4,880 (197) 3,630 2-year............................................. 4,400 (109) 4,000 (70) 1,990 (82) 2,810 (72) 2,450 (154) 1,630 (49) 4,430 (100) 3,990 (86) 4,160 

Less-than-2-year............................ 4,480 (947) 4,100 (1,163) 2,040 (391) 2,850 (210) 2,380 (308) 1,770 (430) 5,540 (1,081) 5,490 (1,157) ‡ 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 13,490 (218) 7,260 (78) 8,920 (258) 8,270 (276) 2,700 (70) 7,870 (233) 7,610 (83) 6,480 (84) 5,790 

4-year doctoral............................... 15,670 (268) 7,960 (169) 10,610 (325) 9,850 (290) 2,610 (66) 9,370 (261) 8,350 (146) 6,870 (178) 6,500 

Other 4-year................................... 12,280 (259) 6,860 (94) 7,920 (257) 7,380 (290) 2,620 (136) 6,980 (255) 7,140 (96) 6,250 (67) 5,150 

Less-than-4-year............................ 8,520 (981) 6,110 (464) 4,940 (618) 5,040 (637) 2,510 (22) 4,460 (710) 6,100 (326) 5,440 (268) 5,520 

Private, for-profit ................................ 9,300 (345) 8,030 (233) 3,880 (344) 3,500 (190) 2,570 (87) 2,850 (331) 7,460 (256) 6,930 (232) 6,210 

2-year and above ........................... 9,980 (441) 8,520 (308) 3,980 (377) 3,780 (247) 2,460 (96) 3,010 (350) 7,840 (311) 7,320 (281) 6,820 Less-than-2-year............................ 6,930 (390) 6,290 (374) 3,310 (597) 2,610 (72) 2,880 (78) 1,270 (411) 5,940 (357) 5,330 (339) 4,680 

2003–04, all institutions........... $9,670 (100) $6,950 (50) $5,640 (126) $5,630 (107) $3,240 (23) $4,890 (132) $6,970 (67) $6,040 (52) $6,080 

Public................................................. 7,380 (93) 6,240 (89) 3,610 (45) 4,230 (45) 3,200 (31) 3,090 (45) 6,060 (72) 5,520 (64) 5,090 

4-year doctoral............................... 8,930 (106) 7,330 (96) 4,480 (72) 4,880 (65) 3,230 (60) 3,910 (66) 6,750 (99) 6,150 (81) 5,500 Other 4-year................................... 7,820 (190) 6,400 (152) 3,530 (87) 4,220 (116) 3,170 (45) 2,880 (95) 5,870 (127) 5,280 (111) 5,250 

2-year............................................. 4,690 (130) 4,410 (143) 2,140 (84) 3,330 (64) 3,180 (157) 1,810 (86) 4,170 (146) 3,850 (147) 3,700 Less-than-2-year............................ 4,770 (388) 4,490 (366) 2,920 (250) 3,180 (205) 2,800 (297) 2,500 (243) 5,260 (621) 4,740 (402) 4,230 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 15,700 (359) 8,270 (114) 10,080 (266) 9,330 (328) 3,410 (47) 8,690 (275) 8,680 (157) 6,960 (113) 7,390 

4-year doctoral............................... 17,230 (529) 8,830 (244) 11,390 (430) 10,410 (510) 3,510 (55) 9,770 (487) 9,640 (290) 7,500 (192) 8,200 Other 4-year................................... 15,040 (513) 8,030 (177) 9,400 (331) 8,800 (389) 3,350 (264) 8,130 (309) 8,170 (206) 6,660 (144) 6,870 Less-than-4-year............................ 8,580 (641) 6,040 (334) 4,960 (543) 5,590 (536) 3,580 (40) 4,400 (635) 6,160 (572) 5,580 (456) 4,460 

Private, for-profit ................................ 10,380 (335) 8,460 (228) 5,000 (286) 4,280 (165) 3,240 (69) 3,800 (319) 7,640 (267) 6,580 (190) 5,720 

2-year and above ........................... 11,330 (435) 9,050 (297) 5,300 (349) 4,650 (221) 3,370 (67) 4,000 (366) 8,140 (351) 6,950 (253) 6,050 

Less-than-2-year............................ 7,650 (128) 6,740 (85) 3,780 (130) 3,240 (111) 2,880 (104) 2,770 (145) 6,050 (139) 5,340 (112) 4,540 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Details on nonfederal work-study participants are not available.2Includes students who reported that they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source or type of aid.3Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.4Indicates all grants, scholarships, or tuition waivers received from federal, state, institutional, or private sources, including

employers.

5The 2003–04 and 2007–08 data include Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).

NOTE: Aid averages are for those students who received the specified type ofull time for 9 or more months from July 1 through June 30. Data include Puertviously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statisand 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Studies (NPSAS:93NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared November 2009.)

2007–08, all institutions........... $12,740 (115) $8,070 (73) $8,020 (84) $7,110 (73) $3,670 (34) $6,390 (78) $9,480 (69) $7,050 (53) $7,780 

Public................................................. 9,480 (82) 7,150 (67) 5,210 (51) 5,340 (65) 3,650 (43) 4,050 (47) 7,970 (78) 6,450 (66) 6,570 

4-year doctoral............................... 11,470 (92) 8,220 (89) 6,560 (82) 6,340 (68) 3,760 (33) 5,170 (65) 8,880 (106) 7,080 (96) 7,220 Other 4-year................................... 9,810 (134) 7,270 (106) 5,140 (108) 5,360 (96) 3,700 (78) 3,980 (114) 7,670 (132) 6,210 (101) 6,340 2-year............................................. 5,650 (233) 5,130 (205) 2,520 (47) 3,660 (130) 3,490 (135) 1,850 (38) 5,450 (124) 4,600 (145) 4,690 

Less-than-2-year............................ 6,130 (499) 5,130 (388) 3,770 (525) 3,570 (219) 3,270 (186) 2,420 (482) 6,840 (514) 5,490 (421) 4,950 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 20,740 (297) 9,660 (159) 14,310 (209) 12,070 (186) 4,060 (50) 11,300 (171) 12,160 (205) 8,220 (160) 9,910 

4-year doctoral............................... 22,160 (448) 10,110 (205) 15,540 (319) 12,870 (293) 4,220 (63) 12,110 (251) 13,300 (269) 8,750 (212) 11,160 Other 4-year................................... 19,710 (438) 9,350 (243) 13,320 (323) 11,490 (239) 3,920 (708) 10,680 (244) 11,150 (335) 7,770 (236) 8,720 Less-than-4-year............................ 9,920 (1,509) 6,910 (846) 5,460 (1,351) 5,720 (1,394) 4,370 (51) 3,150 (1,124) 10,670 (731) 7,570 (1,102) 8,420 

Private, for-profit ................................ 13,120 (247) 9,270 (164) 6,700 (215) 3,990 (88) 3,280 (59) 3,300 (184) 10,260 (200) 7,110 (129) 7,140 

2-year and above ........................... 13,810 (297) 9,580 (186) 7,060 (251) 4,060 (103) 3,260 (91) 3,520 (213) 10,670 (241) 7,230 (155) 7,440 

Less-than-2-year............................ 9,700 (235) 7,700 (241) 4,570 (205) 3,660 (101) 3,390 (76) 1,690 (210) 7,910 (260) 6,330 (192) 5,230 

Table 355. Average amount of financial aid awarded to full-time, full-year undergraduates, by type and source of aid and control and type of institution: Selected 

2007–08—Continued

Control and type of institution

Any aid Grants Loans 

Total2 Federal3 Nonfederal Total4 Federal Nonfederal Total 5 Federal5 No

1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.1Details on nonfederal work-study participants are not available.2Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source of aid.3Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.4The 2003–04 and 2007–08 loan estimates include Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS).

NOTE: Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Detail because some students receive multiple types of aid and aid from different soubeen revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in pareSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education S2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Studies (NPSAS:93, NPSAS:was prepared November 2009.)

Table 356. Percentage of part-time or part-year undergraduates receiving aid, by type and source of aid and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1992Control and type of institution

Any aid Grants Loans 

Total2 Federal3 Nonfederal Total Federal Nonfederal Total4 Federal4 Non

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1992–93, all institutions........... 37.6 (0.80) 25.0 (0.83) 16.5 (0.44) 32.4 (0.76) 18.8 (0.77) 14.5 (0.39) 13.5 (0.50) 13.1 (0.49) 0.8 

Public................................................. 31.7 (0.71) 19.8 (0.67) 14.5 (0.46) 27.6 (0.66) 15.3 (0.60) 12.6 (0.40) 9.3 (0.41) 8.9 (0.39) 0.6 

4-year doctoral............................... 40.5 (1.02) 27.5 (0.95) 19.5 (0.66) 31.3 (0.85) 17.1 (0.68) 16.6 (0.61) 20.9 (0.83) 20.4 (0.82) 1.1 

Other 4-year................................... 39.5 (1.24) 28.4 (1.25) 19.2 (1.00) 33.8 (1.17) 22.0 (1.17) 16.1 (0.88) 16.2 (0.99) 15.6 (0.93) 1.3 2-year............................................. 28.6 (0.91) 16.5 (0.83) 12.7 (0.61) 25.9 (0.87) 13.7 (0.76) 11.2 (0.52) 5.6 (0.44) 5.3 (0.43) 0.4 

Less-than-2-year............................ 21.2 (3.11) 15.1 (3.55) 6.9 (1.47) 19.4 (3.43) 13.8 (3.90) 6.0 (1.41) 0.7 (0.32) 0.7 (0.32) # 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 56.4 (1.96) 35.1 (2.65) 33.7 (1.54) 50.2 (2.12) 23.2 (2.96) 31.7 (1.49) 23.7 (1.38) 23.2 (1.34) 1.8 

4-year doctoral............................... 51.4 (1.91) 28.3 (1.49) 33.0 (1.91) 44.4 (1.90) 12.8 (0.98) 31.7 (1.91) 24.2 (1.42) 23.3 (1.39) 2.7 

Other 4-year................................... 59.4 (2.83) 38.1 (4.18) 35.6 (2.25) 53.8 (3.14) 26.8 (4.73) 33.6 (2.19) 24.4 (2.08) 23.9 (2.02) 1.5 Less-than-4-year............................ 53.9 (5.17) 35.8 (4.98) 28.4 (4.07) 47.3 (4.83) 28.3 (4.56) 24.4 (4.05) 20.7 (3.59) 20.3 (3.58) 1.2 

Private, for-profit ................................ 71.0 (3.08) 64.4 (3.44) 11.8 (1.58) 55.3 (3.30) 48.8 (3.61) 8.6 (1.34) 42.3 (3.54) 41.9 (3.51) 1.5 

2-year and above ........................... 64.4 (5.75) 54.9 (5.93) 14.3 (2.75) 46.2 (4.25) 35.0 (4.19) 12.1 (2.45) 45.7 (5.59) 45.5 (5.58) 0.9 

Less-than-2-year............................ 75.5 (2.78) 70.8 (3.36) 10.2 (1.74) 61.5 (4.15) 58.1 (4.52) 6.3 (1.27) 40.0 (4.50) 39.4 (4.42) 1.8 

1999–2000, all institutions........... 44.6 (0.81) 29.8 (0.64) 27.4 (0.75) 35.4 (0.70) 18.6 (0.52) 25.0 (0.73) 18.4 (0.56) 17.7 (0.55) 2.1 

Public................................................. 39.7 (0.85) 24.8 (0.57) 25.3 (0.86) 31.7 (0.78) 15.9 (0.48) 23.3 (0.83) 13.5 (0.41) 13.0 (0.39) 1.3 

4-year doctoral............................... 51.0 (0.93) 36.8 (0.93) 30.0 (0.83) 35.7 (0.79) 17.9 (0.70) 26.7 (0.70) 31.5 (0.96) 30.3 (0.87) 3.3 

Other 4-year................................... 51.2 (1.33) 37.0 (1.36) 29.9 (1.10) 39.1 (1.24) 21.5 (1.33) 27.9 (1.10) 27.4 (1.04) 26.6 (1.02) 2.4 2-year............................................. 34.9 (1.14) 19.8 (0.69) 23.5 (1.20) 29.5 (1.08) 14.4 (0.62) 21.9 (1.16) 6.9 (0.42) 6.5 (0.40) 0.6 

Less-than-2-year............................ 38.6 (3.11) 21.9 (3.93) 22.2 (1.77) 29.6 (3.16) 18.2 (3.53) 14.4 (2.46) 5.0 (3.12) 4.7 (3.10) 0.4 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 64.8 (1.02) 44.5 (1.56) 47.2 (1.32) 53.9 (1.15) 22.1 (1.33) 44.8 (1.44) 34.8 (1.48) 33.4 (1.39) 6.0 

4-year doctoral............................... 60.2 (1.59) 40.9 (1.74) 46.8 (1.64) 49.9 (1.54) 17.0 (1.15) 44.2 (1.48) 35.1 (1.76) 34.1 (1.74) 7.6 

Other 4-year................................... 66.2 (1.33) 44.6 (2.23) 48.5 (1.78) 54.9 (1.58) 22.2 (1.94) 46.3 (2.02) 34.4 (2.11) 32.8 (1.95) 5.7 

Less-than-4-year............................ 71.2 (4.24) 57.3 (5.11) 37.2 (6.39) 61.0 (4.36) 41.7 (4.22) 34.4 (6.66) 36.4 (5.14) 35.9 (5.04) 2.9 

Private, for-profit ................................ 83.1 (1.78) 78.5 (1.53) 22.3 (1.82) 58.9 (2.03) 53.3 (2.19) 14.6 (1.69) 62.7 (3.06) 61.2 (3.07) 6.1 

2-year and above ........................... 81.8 (2.03) 77.9 (2.24) 25.4 (2.77) 54.0 (2.92) 45.6 (2.94) 19.3 (2.16) 69.5 (3.09) 68.5 (3.12) 6.0 

Less-than-2-year............................ 84.7 (2.75) 79.1 (1.97) 18.7 (2.41) 64.5 (2.44) 62.2 (2.45) 9.1 (1.83) 54.8 (6.25) 52.9 (6.32) 6.3 

2003–04, all institutions .............. 54.1 (0.79) 38.3 (0.76) 31.6 (0.59) 43.3 (0.72) 24.4 (0.59) 28.2 (0.57) 24.5 (0.23) 23.4 (0.23) 3.7 

Public................................................. 46.9 (1.01) 31.2 (1.06) 28.3 (0.61) 37.7 (0.86) 20.3 (0.80) 25.8 (0.58) 15.9 (0.32) 15.0 (0.31) 2.0 

4-year doctoral............................... 60.1 (0.92) 44.5 (0.89) 35.5 (0.86) 42.8 (0.93) 21.7 (0.74) 31.2 (0.96) 39.1 (0.95) 37.2 (0.90) 4.8 

Other 4-year................................... 57.8 (2.31) 44.0 (2.18) 31.2 (2.15) 41.5 (2.63) 24.2 (1.87) 28.1 (1.96) 33.5 (1.49) 32.4 (1.42) 3.4 2-year............................................. 42.2 (1.17) 26.2 (1.21) 26.1 (0.73) 35.9 (0.95) 19.5 (0.90) 24.2 (0.70) 7.9 (0.35) 7.2 (0.32) 1.1 

Less-than-2-year............................ 41.6 (3.49) 20.5 (3.03) 28.5 (3.70) 32.6 (3.01) 16.3 (2.66) 19.8 (3.08) 6.2 (1.65) 4.7 (1.42) 1.7 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 76.8 (1.04) 53.2 (1.27) 55.8 (2.12) 63.9 (1.69) 26.5 (0.98) 52.5 (2.13) 44.2 (1.05) 41.9 (1.08) 8.6 

4-year doctoral............................... 73.5 (1.36) 46.4 (1.91) 61.0 (1.89) 63.7 (1.59) 20.0 (1.76) 57.6 (1.86) 42.2 (1.99) 39.2 (2.01) 11.0 

Other 4-year................................... 78.1 (1.32) 55.5 (2.15) 54.1 (2.78) 63.8 (2.25) 27.7 (1.65) 51.3 (2.93) 45.7 (1.78) 44.0 (1.80) 7.6 Less-than-4-year............................ 78.5 (4.82) 63.1 (3.84) 47.3 (5.70) 67.2 (3.34) 48.6 (3.77) 40.1 (4.26) 35.5 (4.92) 30.7 (2.84) 8.2 

Private, for-profit ................................ 89.7 (0.52) 83.1 (0.70) 32.1 (1.50) 67.5 (1.04) 56.8 (1.23) 20.5 (1.24) 75.8 (0.92) 74.2 (0.92) 12.3 

2-year and above ........................... 91.1 (0.79) 83.9 (1.24) 35.7 (2.50) 69.1 (1.68) 56.4 (2.23) 24.2 (2.13) 78.4 (1.67) 77.0 (1.65) 13.2 

Less-than-2-year............................ 87.4 (0.69) 81.6 (1.07) 25.7 (0.87) 64.7 (0.55) 57.5 (0.88) 13.8 (1.02) 71.0 (1.59) 69.2 (1.66) 10.8 

2007–08, all institutions .............. 56.6 (1.86) 38.6 (1.48) 38.3 (1.13) 43.5 (1.50) 24.0 (0.97) 29.2 (0.99) 29.3 (0.63) 25.5 (0.55) 11.4 

Public................................................. 49.5 (2.02) 30.2 (1.58) 33.9 (1.14) 38.3 (1.57) 19.1 (1.00) 28.2 (1.05) 19.3 (0.50) 15.6 (0.44) 6.6 

4-year doctoral............................... 64.3 (0.90) 43.3 (1.14) 45.5 (0.67) 43.4 (0.64) 19.4 (0.54) 34.8 (0.61) 41.8 (0.92) 35.9 (0.94) 14.1 

Other 4-year................................... 59.7 (1.14) 42.6 (1.05) 36.4 (1.06) 42.4 (0.91) 25.1 (0.79) 27.6 (0.93) 33.7 (1.00) 28.6 (0.85) 10.5 2-year............................................. 44.5 (2.54) 25.2 (1.85) 30.9 (1.48) 36.5 (2.12) 18.0 (1.31) 26.9 (1.37) 12.0 (0.53) 9.0 (0.44) 4.3 Less-than-2-year............................ 48.4 (4.55) 31.8 (3.12) 27.9 (6.02) 40.1 (3.33) 27.8 (2.64) 17.4 (3.45) 14.6 (1.89) 11.3 (1.97) 5.7 

Private, not-for-profit .......................... 77.0 (1.69) 54.3 (1.23) 60.0 (1.38) 60.7 (1.49) 24.8 (0.98) 50.0 (1.21) 49.6 (1.24) 44.8 (1.02) 19.8 

4-year doctoral............................... 74.9 (1.89) 48.1 (1.69) 62.4 (1.64) 59.4 (1.67) 19.5 (1.24) 52.3 (1.66) 47.9 (1.61) 41.6 (1.79) 21.1 

Other 4-year................................... 78.6 (1.98) 57.5 (1.96) 60.1 (1.76) 62.3 (1.94) 26.5 (1.48) 50.8 (1.57) 51.4 (1.84) 47.5 (1.60) 19.0 Less-than-4-year............................ 75.0 (4.05) 66.8 (3.91) 42.7 (5.44) 55.2 (3.32) 44.8 (3.55) 26.3 (4.11) 44.9 (1.91) 41.1 (2.09) 18.4 

Private, for-profit ................................ 96.2 (0.28) 93.2 (0.39) 54.1 (1.55) 70.1 (1.10) 63.8 (1.05) 17.9 (1.70) 91.7 (0.46) 88.2 (0.45) 42.7 

2-year and above ........................... 98.6 (0.26) 97.2 (0.42) 57.3 (1.92) 71.4 (1.21) 64.1 (1.30) 19.3 (2.48) 96.6 (0.31) 95.3 (0.40) 45.6 

Less-than-2-year............................ 89.1 (1.32) 81.5 (1.83) 45.0 (1.80) 66.3 (1.43) 62.9 (1.52) 13.6 (2.14) 77.4 (1.57) 67.2 (1.21) 34.5 
508 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Numbers of undergraduates may not equal figures reported in other tables, since these

data are based on a sample survey of students who enrolled at any point during the year.

2Title IV of the Higher Education Act.

3Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants.

4College Work Study. Prior to October 17, 1986, private, for-profit institutions were prohibited by law from spending CWS funds for on-campus work. Includes persons who participated in the program, but had no earnings.

5Formerly National Direct Student Loans (NDSL).

6Formerly Guaranteed Student Loans (GSL).

7Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students.

NOTE: Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Detail may not sum

to totals because of rounding and because some students receive multiple types of aid and

aid from different sources. Data include Puerto Rico. Some data have been revised from

previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2003–04 and 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:04 and

NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared November 2009.)

Table 357. Percentage of full-time and part-time undergraduates receiving federal aid, by aid program and control and type of institution: 

2003–04 and 2007–08

Control and type of institution

Number of

undergraduates1

(in thousands)

Percent receiving federal aid, by type

Any federal aid

Selected Title IV programs2

Any Title IV aid Pell SEOG3 CWS4 Perkins5 Stafford6 PLUS7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

2003-04

Full-time, full-year students

All institutions ........................ 7,679 (79.8) 60.7 (0.42) 59.6 (0.43) 32.2 (0.30) 10.2 (0.31) 10.7 (0.36) 7.3 (0.27) 45.3 (0.43) 6.7 (0.22)

Public............................................... 5,569 (72.0) 55.0 (0.41) 53.7 (0.42) 30.6 (0.38) 8.1 (0.36) 7.6 (0.27) 5.6 (0.26) 37.8 (0.41) 5.1 (0.22)

4-year doctoral............................. 2,375 (30.0) 58.3 (0.68) 57.1 (0.71) 26.8 (0.77) 8.3 (0.48) 8.2 (0.36) 9.0 (0.39) 48.4 (0.76) 8.2 (0.37)

Other 4-year................................. 1,201 (41.0) 64.7 (1.25) 63.9 (1.26) 34.3 (1.59) 8.4 (0.67) 10.3 (0.71) 6.8 (0.81) 50.7 (1.32) 6.0 (0.69)

2-year........................................... 1,967 (52.1) 45.1 (0.76) 43.6 (0.77) 32.7 (0.77) 7.7 (0.56) 5.2 (0.46) 0.9 (0.13) 17.5 (0.81) 1.0 (0.15)

Less-than-2-year.......................... 26 (2.2) 45.1 (2.95) 44.0 (3.01) 36.2 (2.14) 2.2 (0.74) 1.2 (0.59) ‡ (†) 16.6 (4.65) 0.3 (0.27)

Private, not-for-profit ........................ 1,623 (38.6) 72.4 (0.72) 71.8 (0.72) 30.5 (0.65) 14.6 (0.83) 23.5 (1.34) 14.3 (0.84) 60.9 (0.99) 11.5 (0.47)

4-year doctoral............................. 653 (27.8) 65.7 (1.53) 64.9 (1.56) 22.8 (2.28) 11.5 (1.66) 22.9 (1.44) 18.3 (0.93) 54.9 (1.78) 12.0 (0.69)

Other 4-year................................. 925 (33.9) 77.1 (1.17) 76.7 (1.18) 35.0 (1.70) 16.9 (1.05) 24.7 (1.95) 12.2 (1.34) 66.2 (1.88) 11.3 (0.76)

Less-than-4-year.......................... 45 (4.1) 71.4 (3.93) 69.8 (3.79) 47.7 (3.71) 12.4 (2.74) 8.5 (2.74) 1.2 (0.94) 40.5 (4.25) 8.0 (2.12)

Private, for-profit .............................. 487 (17.9) 87.2 (1.26) 86.4 (1.35) 57.2 (1.34) 20.1 (2.05) 3.1 (0.58) 2.5 (1.08) 79.2 (1.84) 8.8 (1.04)

2-year and above ......................... 355 (19.3) 89.3 (1.30) 88.2 (1.44) 57.7 (1.64) 19.1 (2.65) 3.8 (0.76) 3.1 (1.48) 83.3 (1.64) 9.0 (1.36)

Less-than-2-year.......................... 132 (3.8) 81.8 (1.72) 81.6 (1.72) 55.7 (1.26) 22.8 (1.67) 1.5 (0.33) 0.9 (0.45) 68.2 (3.73) 8.2 (0.74)

Part-time or part-year students

All institutions ........................ 11,375 (79.8) 38.3 (0.76) 36.1 (0.71) 23.8 (0.59) 4.7 (0.22) 2.3 (0.12) 1.3 (0.08) 23.0 (0.23) 1.4 (0.09)

Public............................................... 9,095 (74.6) 31.2 (1.06) 28.9 (0.98) 19.9 (0.80) 3.0 (0.20) 1.9 (0.11) 1.0 (0.08) 14.7 (0.31) 0.7 (0.06)

Private, not-for-profit ........................ 1,232 (36.9) 53.2 (1.27) 50.2 (1.28) 25.8 (0.91) 6.8 (0.52) 6.4 (0.60) 3.7 (0.39) 41.2 (1.10) 3.6 (0.45)

Private, for-profit .............................. 1,048 (20.4) 83.1 (0.70) 82.1 (0.71) 54.9 (1.11) 16.5 (1.49) 1.1 (0.28) 0.9 (0.41) 74.0 (0.95) 4.8 (0.44)

2007-08

Full-time, full-year students

All institutions ........................ 8,220 (59.4) 63.0 (0.32) 62.0 (0.33) 32.6 (0.37) 8.7 (0.27) 10.3 (0.24) 5.6 (0.16) 48.7 (0.45) 7.2 (0.18)

Public............................................... 5,618 (39.9) 56.6 (0.34) 55.5 (0.35) 30.4 (0.40) 6.4 (0.28) 6.9 (0.21) 3.9 (0.15) 39.9 (0.40) 6.0 (0.20)

4-year doctoral............................. 2,690 (25.7) 57.5 (0.78) 56.5 (0.77) 25.6 (0.37) 6.1 (0.24) 7.3 (0.31) 5.7 (0.24) 47.5 (0.63) 9.1 (0.37)

Other 4-year................................. 1,162 (18.2) 65.7 (0.94) 64.8 (0.87) 34.1 (0.94) 7.5 (0.35) 8.4 (0.52) 4.7 (0.42) 50.7 (0.69) 6.3 (0.42)

2-year........................................... 1,738 (31.2) 49.2 (1.26) 47.7 (1.42) 35.1 (1.70) 6.1 (0.56) 5.4 (0.28) 0.4 (0.08) 21.3 (1.28) 1.1 (0.12)

Less-than-2-year.......................... 28 (3.1) 57.2 (4.34) 55.5 (4.42) 47.9 (5.15) 9.3 (5.67) # (†) ‡ (†) 23.1 (3.31) 1.2 (1.09)

Private, not-for-profit ........................ 1,864 (25.9) 70.0 (0.63) 69.2 (0.63) 27.5 (0.42) 12.7 (0.48) 23.7 (0.80) 12.7 (0.57) 59.4 (0.64) 11.6 (0.54)

4-year doctoral............................. 928 (20.6) 65.5 (1.21) 64.4 (1.23) 22.1 (1.07) 11.1 (0.51) 23.3 (1.03) 15.1 (0.93) 55.4 (1.26) 11.8 (0.63)

Other 4-year................................. 913 (17.8) 74.3 (1.13) 73.7 (1.13) 32.1 (1.26) 14.0 (0.79) 24.6 (1.35) 10.5 (0.71) 64.0 (1.36) 11.5 (0.87)

Less-than-4-year.......................... 23 (2.1) 88.0 (3.21) 86.9 (3.71) 59.8 (7.05) 22.7 (5.70) 4.1 (1.09) 1.0 (0.80) 40.9 (5.77) 9.6 (5.55)

Private, for-profit .............................. 738 (33.9) 93.6 (0.63) 93.4 (0.67) 62.0 (1.43) 16.0 (1.55) 1.8 (0.31) 1.1 (0.23) 88.5 (0.77) 5.6 (0.56)

2-year and above ......................... 611 (31.0) 94.5 (0.59) 94.3 (0.65) 59.8 (1.74) 14.7 (1.91) 2.1 (0.38) 1.3 (0.28) 92.8 (0.70) 4.8 (0.62)

Less-than-2-year.......................... 126 (7.2) 89.3 (1.66) 89.2 (1.71) 72.5 (1.91) 22.7 (2.11) 0.6 (0.26) 0.2 (0.14) 68.1 (2.75) 9.5 (1.14)

Part-time or part-year students

All institutions ........................ 12,708 (59.2) 38.6 (1.48) 37.1 (1.40) 23.9 (0.96) 4.4 (0.23) 2.7 (0.18) 1.0 (0.05) 25.3 (0.53) 1.5 (0.08)

Public............................................... 10,276 (39.9) 30.2 (1.58) 28.5 (1.48) 19.0 (0.99) 2.2 (0.13) 2.3 (0.18) 0.6 (0.04) 15.4 (0.42) 0.9 (0.06)

4-year doctoral............................. 1,656 (25.6) 43.3 (1.14) 41.5 (1.10) 19.2 (0.54) 3.2 (0.25) 3.4 (0.30) 2.5 (0.20) 35.2 (0.92) 3.5 (0.29)

Other 4-year................................. 1,182 (18.2) 42.6 (1.05) 40.2 (1.00) 24.9 (0.80) 2.6 (0.26) 2.5 (0.42) 1.4 (0.21) 28.4 (0.84) 1.5 (0.23)

2-year........................................... 7,374 (31.2) 25.2 (1.85) 23.7 (1.74) 17.9 (1.31) 1.9 (0.15) 2.0 (0.17) 0.1 (0.02) 8.9 (0.43) 0.2 (0.04)

Less-than-2-year.......................... 64 (3.1) 31.8 (3.12) 31.2 (3.21) 27.8 (2.64) 2.6 (2.07) # (†) # (†) 11.3 (1.97) # (†)

Private, not-for-profit ........................ 1,174 (25.9) 54.3 (1.23) 52.2 (1.28) 24.5 (0.96) 6.5 (0.54) 7.1 (0.63) 3.4 (0.42) 44.2 (1.00) 3.6 (0.48)

4-year doctoral............................. 466 (20.6) 48.1 (1.69) 46.8 (1.69) 19.4 (1.26) 5.3 (0.62) 8.2 (1.04) 4.0 (0.75) 40.8 (1.80) 2.5 (0.26)

Other 4-year................................. 641 (17.8) 57.5 (1.96) 54.7 (1.99) 26.3 (1.41) 6.8 (0.82) 6.8 (0.88) 3.2 (0.57) 47.0 (1.59) 4.5 (0.81)

Less-than-4-year.......................... 67 (2.1) 66.8 (3.91) 65.5 (4.04) 43.0 (3.58) 11.6 (2.93) 1.6 (0.52) 1.5 (1.16) 41.1 (2.12) 2.9 (1.28)

Private, for-profit .............................. 1,258 (33.9) 93.2 (0.39) 93.1 (0.39) 63.8 (1.05) 20.3 (1.71) 1.8 (0.31) 1.2 (0.20) 88.0 (0.44) 5.0 (0.49)

2-year and above ......................... 939 (31.0) 97.2 (0.42) 97.1 (0.43) 64.1 (1.30) 20.8 (2.27) 2.4 (0.41) 1.5 (0.27) 95.2 (0.40) 4.7 (0.66)

Less-than-2-year.......................... 319 (7.2) 81.5 (1.83) 81.3 (1.86) 62.8 (1.51) 18.9 (1.63) 0.1 (0.07) 0.4 (0.10) 66.7 (1.18) 5.8 (0.47)
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 509

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source of aid.

2Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.

NOTE: Total includes some students whose level of study was unknown. Detail may not sum to

totals because of rounding and because some students receive multiple types of aid and aid

from different sources. Data include Puerto Rico. Some data have been revised from previously

published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1992–93,

1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Studies (NPSAS:93,

NPSAS:2000, NPSAS:04, and NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared November 2009.)

Table 358. Amount borrowed, aid status, and sources of aid for full-time, full-year postbaccalaureate students, by level of study and control and 

type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08

Level of study, 

control and type of institution

Cumulative borrowing for 

undergraduate and graduate education

Aid status (percent of students)

Nonaided

Receiving aid, by source

Any aid1 Federal2 State Institutional Employer

Percent

who borrowed

Average amount

for those who

borrowed (in

current dollars)

1 2345678 9

1992–93, all institutions......... — (†) — (†) 31.9 (1.03) 68.1 (1.03) 44.4 (1.47) 7.0 (0.66) 40.6 (1.73) 5.3 (0.52)

Master’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 37.5 (2.13) 62.5 (2.13) 33.8 (2.01) 5.8 (0.79) 42.4 (2.70) 8.3 (0.87)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 34.6 (1.98) 65.4 (1.98) 33.9 (1.93) 7.8 (1.07) 44.0 (2.31) 7.6 (1.02)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 34.3 (2.14) 65.7 (2.14) 32.4 (2.02) 6.7 (1.18) 46.3 (2.52) 7.7 (1.09)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 36.1 (4.12) 63.9 (4.12) 42.5 (4.41) 14.4 (2.90) 30.4 (4.28) 6.8 (2.59)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 41.6 (4.05) 58.4 (4.05) 33.7 (3.69) 3.2 (1.04) 40.2 (5.27) 9.4 (1.56)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 39.3 (4.44) 60.7 (4.44) 34.2 (4.37) 2.9 (1.20) 42.9 (5.75) 8.9 (1.84)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 56.5 (3.79) 43.5 (3.79) 30.5 (3.17) 5.1 (2.58) 22.8 (2.27) 12.1 (2.27)

Doctor’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 30.4 (2.28) 69.6 (2.28) 28.3 (2.45) 4.4 (0.71) 51.6 (2.32) 3.0 (0.85)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 30.3 (2.77) 69.7 (2.77) 22.3 (2.44) 6.5 (1.02) 55.5 (2.70) 3.9 (1.23)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 30.4 (4.11) 69.6 (4.11) 37.8 (4.48) 1.1 (0.73) 45.5 (4.00) 1.7 (0.96)

First-professional ............................. — (†) — (†) 23.0 (1.17) 77.0 (1.17) 68.2 (1.82) 10.0 (1.54) 37.0 (1.89) 2.3 (0.47)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 20.7 (1.30) 79.3 (1.30) 72.5 (1.78) 13.4 (2.13) 37.7 (2.04) 2.3 (0.70)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 25.1 (1.71) 74.9 (1.71) 64.3 (2.29) 6.8 (1.32) 36.4 (3.10) 2.3 (0.62)

Other graduate................................. — (†) — (†) 39.3 (5.42) 60.7 (5.42) 42.4 (4.39) 6.7 (1.44) 22.9 (3.01) 6.0 (1.91)

1999–2000, all institutions..... — (†) — (†) 17.8 (0.73) 82.2 (0.73) 54.0 (1.05) 6.2 (0.53) 48.7 (1.17) 5.8 (0.45)

Master’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 20.6 (1.09) 79.4 (1.09) 50.4 (1.33) 5.4 (0.72) 46.2 (1.38) 8.4 (0.88)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 21.5 (1.49) 78.5 (1.49) 45.8 (1.62) 7.7 (1.17) 49.6 (1.74) 6.8 (0.88)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 19.8 (1.60) 80.2 (1.60) 43.9 (1.74) 7.2 (1.34) 54.3 (1.93) 7.1 (1.03)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 29.8 (3.69) 70.2 (3.69) 54.9 (4.45) 10.4 (2.31) 26.8 (3.17) 5.3 (1.30)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 19.4 (1.59) 80.6 (1.59) 56.3 (2.16) 2.5 (0.60) 41.9 (2.22) 10.4 (1.66)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 17.5 (1.82) 82.5 (1.82) 57.7 (2.32) 3.0 (0.79) 49.4 (2.56) 8.3 (1.06)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 24.8 (3.30) 75.2 (3.31) 52.4 (5.10) 1.1 (0.36) 20.9 (4.74) 16.3 (5.55)

Doctor’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 11.5 (1.39) 88.6 (1.39) 30.2 (2.85) 2.6 (0.63) 77.5 (1.73) 5.4 (0.65)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 10.7 (1.23) 89.4 (1.23) 26.5 (1.60) 3.2 (0.88) 80.6 (1.71) 7.4 (0.97)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 12.7 (2.94) 87.3 (2.94) 35.9 (6.36) 1.6 (0.79) 72.9 (3.44) 2.3 (0.54)

First-professional ............................. — (†) — (†) 11.5 (1.06) 88.5 (1.06) 80.1 (1.48) 9.8 (1.43) 40.2 (2.65) 1.6 (0.44)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 11.4 (1.57) 88.6 (1.57) 81.7 (1.81) 13.1 (2.18) 39.5 (2.87) 1.6 (0.64)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 11.6 (1.45) 88.4 (1.45) 78.8 (2.29) 7.1 (1.84) 40.8 (4.22) 1.5 (0.60)

Other graduate................................. — (†) — (†) 37.3 (3.60) 62.7 (3.60) 44.4 (3.70) 6.3 (1.44) 23.3 (3.35) 7.3 (1.82)

2003–04, all institutions......... 74.8 (1.12) $50,740 (1,361) 14.1 (1.06) 85.9 (1.06) 59.6 (1.29) 4.0 (0.74) 41.1 (1.14) 8.6 (0.85)

Master’s degree ............................... 71.5 (2.05) 36,770 (1,294) 19.5 (1.95) 80.5 (1.95) 54.6 (2.25) 2.8 (0.63) 35.5 (2.00) 10.5 (1.36)

Public ........................................... 63.3 (2.45) 32,370 (1,202) 21.7 (2.11) 78.3 (2.11) 44.9 (2.46) 2.8 (0.66) 45.0 (2.56) 7.0 (1.06)

4-year doctoral ......................... 63.0 (2.62) 33,340 (1,332) 18.7 (1.75) 81.3 (1.75) 46.3 (2.40) 3.1 (0.75) 47.5 (2.57) 7.7 (1.17)

Other 4-year............................. 65.3 (10.80) 25,150 (3,958) 44.6 (10.59) 55.4 (10.59) 34.2 (10.25) ‡ (†) 26.2 (9.64) 1.4 (1.09)

Private.......................................... 79.6 (3.32) 40,250 (2,071) 17.4 (3.45) 82.6 (3.45) 64.1 (3.42) 2.8 (1.08) 26.1 (2.97) 14.0 (2.47)

4-year doctoral ......................... 79.1 (2.58) 44,090 (2,641) 14.2 (2.53) 85.8 (2.53) 61.5 (3.60) 2.7 (1.63) 37.1 (2.89) 10.3 (2.13)

Other 4-year............................. 80.2 (7.39) 34,450 (3,261) 22.3 (6.94) 77.7 (6.94) 68.1 (6.49) 2.9 (1.74) 9.1 (4.28) 19.7 (5.43)

Doctor’s degree ............................... 58.7 (1.38) 48,810 (2,468) 7.7 (0.86) 92.3 (0.86) 36.0 (1.67) 2.9 (0.80) 72.8 (1.87) 7.9 (0.79)

Public ........................................... 55.0 (1.57) 40,150 (1,519) 6.6 (0.85) 93.4 (0.85) 33.5 (1.72) 2.7 (0.61) 79.2 (1.59) 8.5 (0.94)

Private.......................................... 63.9 (2.42) 59,420 (4,821) 9.3 (1.63) 90.7 (1.63) 39.6 (3.33) 3.3 (1.79) 63.8 (3.54) 7.1 (1.26)

First-professional ............................. 87.3 (1.23) 70,710 (2,425) 9.7 (1.23) 90.3 (1.23) 79.5 (1.85) 6.4 (1.79) 33.0 (1.55) 5.0 (0.76)

Public ........................................... 88.2 (1.77) 61,830 (2,127) 9.4 (1.45) 90.6 (1.45) 79.4 (2.30) 5.1 (0.84) 36.6 (2.15) 5.0 (0.93)

Private.......................................... 86.5 (1.65) 78,500 (3,687) 9.9 (1.71) 90.1 (1.71) 79.7 (2.37) 7.5 (3.19) 29.9 (2.34) 5.0 (1.05)

Other graduate................................. 88.0 (3.13) 38,880 (3,212) 19.1 (4.80) 80.9 (4.80) 73.0 (5.69) 3.8 (1.39) 17.1 (4.29) 14.1 (5.74)

2007–08, all institutions......... 71.3 (1.18) $54,740 (970) 13.0 (0.65) 87.0 (0.65) 56.7 (1.19) 3.9 (0.28) 44.1 (1.46) 11.5 (0.94)

Master’s degree ............................... 72.2 (1.58) 43,210 (1,375) 15.2 (1.10) 84.8 (1.10) 56.5 (1.61) 3.0 (0.40) 35.4 (1.68) 16.1 (1.70)

Public ........................................... 66.0 (1.76) 37,420 (1,400) 13.7 (1.37) 86.3 (1.37) 49.6 (1.84) 4.2 (0.85) 52.1 (2.48) 13.5 (1.45)

4-year doctoral ......................... 64.4 (1.95) 38,160 (1,566) 12.3 (1.40) 87.7 (1.40) 48.9 (2.01) 4.3 (0.93) 56.4 (2.67) 14.7 (1.66)

Other 4-year............................. 76.6 (4.80) 33,280 (2,440) 23.1 (4.06) 76.9 (4.06) 54.7 (6.18) ‡ (†) 23.6 (5.07) 5.1 (2.08)

Private.......................................... 76.5 (2.25) 46,660 (1,916) 16.3 (1.61) 83.7 (1.61) 61.3 (2.36) 2.2 (0.40) 23.9 (1.62) 18.0 (2.69)

4-year doctoral ......................... 71.0 (1.95) 46,070 (1,609) 19.3 (1.53) 80.7 (1.53) 54.5 (1.65) 2.6 (0.63) 36.0 (2.65) 14.5 (1.17)

Other 4-year............................. 83.4 (40.8) 47,310 (3,605) 12.4 (2.90) 87.6 (2.90) 70.2 (4.43) 1.6 (0.40) 8.0 (1.28) 22.6 (6.10)

Doctor’s degree ............................... 58.8 (1.85) 54,420 (2,183) 7.0 (0.84) 93.0 (0.84) 37.0 (2.18) 2.9 (0.41) 72.4 (2.66) 8.0 (0.70)

Public ........................................... 51.6 (2.20) 43,930 (1,635) 7.9 (1.47) 92.1 (1.47) 28.9 (1.83) 3.6 (0.61) 81.3 (1.85) 7.9 (0.98)

Private.......................................... 66.6 (2.42) 63,150 (3,182) 6.0 (1.02) 94.0 (1.02) 45.7 (3.39) 2.2 (0.65) 62.8 (4.41) 8.0 (1.14)

First-professional ............................. 84.6 (1.49) 81,170 (1,822) 11.9 (1.18) 88.1 (1.18) 81.1 (1.59) 7.7 (0.84) 35.5 (1.85) 4.6 (0.76)

Public ........................................... 84.2 (2.00) 72,900 (2,705) 12.0 (1.88) 88.0 (1.88) 81.2 (2.17) 10.9 (1.44) 33.7 (2.60) 4.9 (1.41)

Private.......................................... 85.0 (2.14) 87,560 (2,334) 11.8 (1.72) 88.2 (1.72) 81.0 (2.11) 5.2 (0.80) 36.9 (2.47) 4.4 (0.68)

Other graduate................................. 62.2 (6.77) 43,440 (4,185) 31.2 (6.75) 68.8 (6.75) 50.5 (6.93) 1.9 (1.82) 25.7 (5.69) 6.1 (2.97)
510 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source of aid.

2Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits.

NOTE: Total includes some students whose level of study was unknown. Detail may not sum to

totals because of rounding and because some students receive multiple types of aid and aid

from different sources. Data include Puerto Rico. Some data have been revised from previously

published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1992–93,

1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Studies (NPSAS:93,

NPSAS:2000, NPSAS:04, and NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared November 2009.)

Table 359. Amount borrowed, aid status, and sources of aid for part-time or part-year postbaccalaureate students, by level of study and control 

and type of institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08

Level of study, 

control and type of institution

Cumulative borrowing for 

undergraduate and graduate education

Aid status (percent of students)

Nonaided

Receiving aid, by source

Any aid1 Federal2 State Institutional Employer

Percent

who borrowed

Average amount

for those who

borrowed (in

current dollars)

1 2345678 9

1992–93, all institutions......... — (†) — (†) 71.3 (0.84) 28.7 (0.84) 10.8 (0.48) 1.9 (0.19) 12.7 (0.65) 16.7 (0.69)

Master’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 71.7 (0.93) 28.3 (0.93) 10.5 (0.56) 1.6 (0.21) 11.1 (0.67) 18.7 (0.85)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 73.9 (0.99) 26.1 (0.99) 10.1 (0.64) 2.5 (0.36) 11.7 (0.79) 14.6 (0.90)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 69.6 (1.28) 30.4 (1.28) 11.9 (0.80) 2.5 (0.43) 15.3 (1.03) 14.6 (1.06)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 81.2 (1.59) 18.8 (1.59) 6.9 (0.99) 2.4 (0.56) 5.5 (1.01) 14.4 (1.30)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 68.6 (1.73) 31.4 (1.73) 11.1 (0.95) 0.4 (0.14) 10.3 (1.02) 24.4 (1.25)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 66.9 (1.96) 33.1 (1.96) 12.1 (1.30) 0.4 (0.16) 12.1 (1.43) 25.1 (1.65)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 71.7 (2.92) 28.3 (2.92) 9.3 (1.25) 0.6 (0.27) 6.9 (1.13) 23.1 (2.32)

Doctor’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 56.2 (2.41) 43.8 (2.41) 8.6 (1.07) 3.5 (0.83) 33.1 (2.18) 12.0 (1.53)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 56.1 (2.58) 43.9 (2.58) 8.5 (1.19) 4.4 (1.23) 33.3 (2.48) 12.9 (1.63)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 56.4 (4.85) 43.6 (4.85) 8.9 (2.03) 1.6 (0.69) 32.6 (4.21) 10.2 (3.19)

First-professional ............................. — (†) — (†) 42.6 (3.20) 57.4 (3.20) 44.9 (3.10) 3.3 (0.70) 25.7 (2.26) 6.1 (1.16)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 50.8 (5.23) 49.2 (5.23) 42.9 (4.44) 3.6 (1.19) 22.2 (3.54) 5.1 (1.87)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 37.8 (3.98) 62.2 (3.98) 46.1 (4.24) 3.2 (0.88) 27.8 (2.91) 6.7 (1.50)

Other graduate................................. — (†) — (†) 79.7 (1.50) 20.3 (1.50) 7.7 (0.83) 1.7 (0.45) 8.4 (0.97) 13.4 (1.17)

1999–2000, all institutions..... — (†) — (†) 52.1 (0.77) 47.9 (0.77) 18.1 (0.60) 1.6 (0.19) 15.9 (0.55) 20.3 (0.67)

Master’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 50.3 (0.92) 49.7 (0.92) 18.6 (0.73) 1.4 (0.21) 14.2 (0.68) 23.2 (0.84)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 53.7 (1.30) 46.3 (1.30) 15.9 (0.92) 2.0 (0.33) 15.3 (0.95) 20.6 (1.15)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 50.3 (1.61) 49.7 (1.61) 17.1 (1.12) 2.0 (0.43) 17.9 (1.22) 21.5 (1.40)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 61.5 (2.03) 38.5 (2.03) 13.3 (1.54) 2.0 (0.49) 9.5 (1.43) 18.6 (2.04)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 45.9 (1.28) 54.1 (1.28) 22.0 (1.14) 0.6 (0.22) 12.7 (0.95) 26.5 (1.20)

4-year doctoral ......................... — (†) — (†) 43.6 (1.48) 56.4 (1.48) 23.1 (1.40) 0.8 (0.32) 14.7 (1.16) 25.9 (1.33)

Other 4-year............................. — (†) — (†) 50.6 (2.47) 49.4 (2.47) 19.7 (1.97) 0.3 (0.18) 8.4 (1.53) 27.7 (2.41)

Doctor’s degree ............................... — (†) — (†) 45.5 (1.68) 54.5 (1.68) 14.5 (1.30) 1.0 (0.33) 37.8 (1.69) 13.9 (1.30)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 46.4 (2.13) 53.6 (2.13) 12.8 (1.16) 1.5 (0.48) 40.8 (2.01) 12.2 (1.30)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 43.4 (2.66) 56.6 (2.66) 18.1 (3.18) # (†) 31.4 (2.97) 17.5 (2.96)

First-professional ............................. — (†) — (†) 22.2 (2.29) 77.8 (2.29) 58.1 (4.76) 5.2 (1.35) 28.3 (2.81) 10.1 (1.90)

Public ........................................... — (†) — (†) 20.6 (4.87) 79.4 (4.87) 60.7 (6.96) 6.6 (3.17) 23.9 (5.65) 6.5 (3.62)

Private.......................................... — (†) — (†) 22.8 (2.56) 77.2 (2.56) 57.0 (6.00) 4.6 (1.40) 30.1 (3.19) 11.5 (2.22)

Other graduate................................. — (†) — (†) 58.9 (2.85) 41.1 (2.85) 16.8 (2.46) 1.5 (0.74) 9.1 (1.52) 18.6 (2.40)

2003–04, all institutions......... 60.6 (0.87) $30,150 (733) 35.7 (1.08) 64.3 (1.08) 30.0 (1.05) 1.9 (0.36) 19.6 (0.83) 25.7 (0.92)

Master’s degree ............................... 62.3 (1.15) 28,710 (828) 33.9 (1.27) 66.1 (1.27) 32.8 (1.22) 1.9 (0.46) 17.7 (1.17) 27.4 (1.19)

Public ........................................... 58.9 (1.45) 24,720 (730) 37.5 (1.64) 62.5 (1.64) 26.6 (1.43) 2.2 (0.44) 22.1 (1.25) 24.9 (1.27)

4-year doctoral ......................... 58.4 (1.53) 25,480 (745) 36.1 (1.52) 63.9 (1.52) 27.2 (1.35) 2.2 (0.43) 24.1 (1.38) 24.8 (1.45)

Other 4-year............................. 60.5 (2.97) 22,640 (2,063) 41.3 (4.27) 58.7 (4.27) 24.9 (3.99) 2.3 (1.20) 16.7 (2.35) 25.1 (3.34)

Private.......................................... 66.2 (1.89) 32,790 (1,467) 29.7 (1.79) 70.3 (1.79) 39.8 (2.03) 1.5 (0.77) 12.6 (2.11) 30.3 (1.99)

4-year doctoral ......................... 66.3 (2.61) 32,790 (1,724) 30.6 (2.58) 69.4 (2.58) 39.2 (3.57) 1.8 (1.41) 15.0 (2.78) 28.2 (2.65)

Other 4-year............................. 66.1 (3.52) 32,790 (2,592) 28.8 (3.19) 71.2 (3.19) 40.6 (4.10) 1.1 (0.55) 9.7 (2.52) 32.7 (3.32)

Doctor’s degree ............................... 55.2 (1.60) 42,070 (2,120) 28.1 (1.68) 71.9 (1.68) 22.0 (1.99) 2.0 (0.35) 46.3 (1.74) 19.6 (1.72)

Public ........................................... 50.4 (1.82) 34,220 (1,381) 25.6 (1.31) 74.4 (1.31) 18.3 (1.78) 2.6 (0.51) 55.7 (1.38) 17.4 (1.02)

Private.......................................... 63.9 (2.95) 53,370 (4,432) 32.6 (3.74) 67.4 (3.74) 28.7 (4.07) 0.7 (0.38) 29.3 (3.30) 23.4 (4.33)

First-professional ............................. 71.3 (3.28) 51,040 (5,836) 25.1 (3.55) 74.9 (3.55) 52.8 (4.43) 6.5 (1.82) 23.1 (4.34) 14.1 (2.59)

Public ........................................... 81.9 (5.27) 62,800 (7,809) 22.2 (5.45) 77.8 (5.45) 61.1 (6.94) 3.1 (2.30) 31.4 (5.65) 9.9 (3.88)

Private.......................................... 68.8 (3.90) 47,730 (6,596) 25.8 (4.35) 74.2 (4.35) 50.8 (5.42) 7.4 (2.37) 21.2 (5.60) 15.1 (3.17)

Other graduate................................. 54.9 (2.43) 23,210 (1,183) 49.6 (2.80) 50.4 (2.80) 18.8 (2.79) 1.1 (0.46) 10.5 (1.39) 25.6 (2.20)

2007–08, all institutions......... 66.3 (0.71) $35,930 (640) 33.1 (0.81) 66.9 (0.81) 32.0 (0.64) 1.8 (0.23) 19.0 (0.82) 27.2 (0.85)

Master’s degree ............................... 67.2 (0.88) 34,480 (840) 30.7 (0.89) 69.3 (0.89) 34.9 (0.83) 1.8 (0.30) 16.1 (0.75) 29.6 (1.02)

Public ........................................... 64.8 (1.24) 30,650 (715) 34.6 (1.35) 65.4 (1.35) 29.2 (0.87) 1.7 (0.38) 18.0 (1.04) 27.8 (1.26)

4-year doctoral ......................... 65.0 (1.34) 31,240 (920) 32.4 (1.65) 67.6 (1.65) 29.2 (1.11) 1.9 (0.46) 20.5 (1.27) 29.5 (1.53)

Other 4-year............................. 64.2 (3.38) 28,940 (1,459) 40.9 (2.87) 59.1 (2.87) 29.3 (2.66) 1.3 (0.51) 10.6 (1.50) 23.0 (2.94)

Private.......................................... 69.7 (1.30) 38,180 (1,493) 26.7 (1.24) 73.3 (1.24) 40.8 (1.29) 1.9 (0.51) 14.1 (1.07) 31.5 (1.54)

4-year doctoral ......................... 66.3 (1.39) 37,320 (834) 29.0 (1.46) 71.0 (1.46) 33.8 (1.58) 1.5 (0.38) 16.2 (1.32) 33.0 (1.21)

Other 4-year............................. 75.3 (2.49) 39,470 (3,369) 22.8 (2.22) 77.2 (2.22) 52.8 (2.53) 2.5 (1.24) 10.5 (1.54) 28.9 (3.83)

Doctor’s degree ............................... 59.9 (1.67) 47,950 (1,970) 22.7 (1.39) 77.3 (1.39) 25.6 (2.06) 1.8 (0.40) 51.9 (1.69) 19.5 (1.06)

Public ........................................... 54.7 (1.72) 36,650 (1,425) 23.3 (1.53) 76.7 (1.53) 17.8 (1.33) 2.2 (0.47) 60.0 (2.06) 19.8 (1.34)

Private.......................................... 69.2 (3.22) 64,010 (3,629) 21.4 (2.69) 78.6 (2.69) 39.5 (5.11) 1.2 (0.62) 37.2 (3.12) 18.7 (2.18)

First-professional ............................. 82.0 (2.76) 64,170 (4,599) 14.2 (2.87) 85.8 (2.87) 63.7 (4.61) 3.9 (1.65) 31.8 (3.41) 16.3 (2.40)

Public ........................................... 76.1 (5.47) 62,420 (5,451) 12.1 (4.77) 87.9 (4.77) 63.3 (6.89) 8.4 (3.14) 33.0 (5.83) 15.8 (4.09)

Private.......................................... 85.0 (2.72) 64,990 (6,760) 15.4 (3.10) 84.6 (3.10) 63.9 (5.79) 1.6 (1.24) 31.2 (4.49) 16.6 (2.91)

Other graduate................................. 63.5 (2.57) 29,150 (1,565) 55.3 (2.50) 44.7 (2.50) 17.2 (1.50) 1.3 (0.33) 7.7 (1.12) 23.1 (2.20)
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 511

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Numbers of full-time, full-year postbaccalaureate students may not equal figures reported in

other tables, since these data are based on a sample survey of all postbaccalaureate students

who enrolled at any time during the school year. 

2Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source of aid.

3Includes students who received teaching or research assistantships and/or participated in workstudy programs.

4Formerly Guaranteed Student Loans (GSL).

5Formerly National Direct Student Loans (NDSL). Includes subsidized amounts only.

6Fellowship estimates for 1992–93 were based primarily on information provided by institutions

and are not comparable to data for 1999–2000 and later years, which were based on information

provided by both students and institutions.

NOTE: Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Total includes some students whose level of study or control of institution was unknown. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding and because some students receive aid from multiple sources. Data

include Puerto Rico. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard

errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1992–93,

1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Studies (NPSAS:93,

NPSAS:2000, NPSAS:04, and NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared December 2010.)

Table 360. Percentage of full-time, full-year postbaccalaureate students receiving aid, by type of aid, level of study, and control and type of 

institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08

Level of study, control and type 

of institution

Number of

students1 (in

thousands)

Percent receiving aid, by type

Any aid2

 Fellowship

grants Tuition waivers Assistantships3

Employer

(includes

college staff)

Loans

Any loans Stafford4 Perkins5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

1992–93, all institutions .... 679 (42.6) 67.7 (1.19) [6

] (†) 12.3 (1.01) 14.1 (1.17) 3.3 (0.45) 43.0 (1.58) 40.8 (1.57) 9.0 (0.96)

Master’s degree ......................... 286 (18.2) 61.9 (2.28) [6

] (†) 15.4 (1.31) 17.6 (1.85) 5.1 (0.73) 32.0 (2.12) 30.0 (2.09) 5.1 (0.80)

Public .................................... 165 (8.2) 64.8 (2.17) [6

] (†) 20.3 (1.77) 21.9 (1.78) 4.8 (0.85) 31.9 (2.05) 30.6 (1.94) 4.1 (0.73)

4-year doctoral ................... 141 (6.7) 65.2 (2.27) [6

] (†) 23.0 (1.87) 23.0 (1.94) 4.7 (0.89) 30.5 (2.10) 29.3 (1.98) 3.4 (0.62)

Other 4-year....................... 24 (2.5) 62.8 (4.36) [6

] (†) 4.3 (1.82) 15.6 (2.73) 5.2 (2.46) 40.0 (5.20) 38.0 (5.03) 8.2 (3.36)

Private.................................... 121 (15.1) 57.8 (4.32) [6

] (†) 8.7 (1.69) 11.7 (3.84) 5.5 (1.21) 32.0 (3.84) 29.3 (3.88) 6.5 (1.67)

4-year doctoral ................... 105 (13.9) 60.2 (4.66) [6

] (†) 9.3 (1.89) 13.1 (4.33) 5.6 (1.39) 32.7 (4.50) 30.3 (4.59) 6.9 (1.66)

Other 4-year....................... 16 (1.3) 42.4 (3.68) [6

] (†) 4.8 (0.53) 2.9 (2.05) 4.7 (0.38) 27.7 (3.32) 23.2 (3.15) 4.4 (1.23)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 121 (5.9) 69.0 (2.00) [6

] (†) 19.2 (1.99) 26.6 (1.93) 2.4 (0.54) 25.6 (2.32) 23.8 (2.35) 3.5 (0.55)

Public ..................................... 74 (4.3) 69.6 (2.61) [6

] (†) 23.3 (2.74) 31.6 (2.80) 3.4 (0.79) 20.4 (2.30) 18.7 (2.21) 2.9 (0.73)

Private.................................... 47 (4.3) 68.0 (3.17) [6

] (†) 12.7 (2.50) 18.8 (2.15) 0.9 (0.58) 33.9 (3.72) 31.7 (3.85) 4.4 (0.83)

First-professional ....................... 211 (23.3) 77.3 (1.18) [6

] (†) 5.6 (1.00) 4.4 (0.68) 1.2 (0.40) 68.0 (1.80) 65.8 (1.76) 19.4 (1.90)

Public ..................................... 100 (23.1) 79.5 (1.29) [6

] (†) 5.4 (1.25) 4.3 (0.61) 1.3 (0.59) 72.0 (1.83) 70.1 (1.64) 23.2 (2.16)

Private.................................... 110 (7.1) 75.2 (1.76) [6

] (†) 5.9 (1.28) 4.5 (1.22) 1.2 (0.54) 64.4 (2.22) 61.9 (2.30) 15.9 (1.86)

Other graduate........................... 62 (6.7) 59.9 (6.40) [6

] (†) 7.4 (1.78) 6.1 (1.87) 3.7 (2.40) 42.4 (4.68) 38.5 (4.50) 2.5 (0.62)

1999–2000, all institutions 918 (14.6) 82.2 (0.68) 20.0 (0.72) 11.5 (0.49) 23.2 (0.60) 5.8 (0.29) 53.7 (0.99) 52.0 (1.00) 8.7 (0.71)

Master’s degree ......................... 415 (10.5) 79.2 (0.81) 16.5 (0.74) 11.4 (0.66) 21.8 (1.23) 9.0 (1.04) 50.2 (1.78) 48.6 (1.90) 5.7 (0.87)

Public .................................... 228 (9.4) 78.1 (1.16) 15.5 (1.12) 18.1 (1.21) 30.3 (1.99) 6.8 (0.57) 44.0 (1.82) 42.8 (1.76) 2.9 (0.68)

4-year doctoral ................... 184 (6.0) 80.2 (0.98) 16.6 (1.09) 19.4 (1.26) 34.0 (1.60) 7.1 (0.82) 42.2 (1.78) 41.6 (1.71) 3.1 (0.77)

Other 4-year....................... 44 (5.3) 69.1 (4.98) 11.2 (2.61) 12.3 (3.74) 15.0 (5.31) 5.7 (1.60) 51.4 (6.34) 48.0 (7.03) 1.9 (0.50)

Private.................................... 187 (7.1) 57.8 (2.96) 17.7 (0.97) 3.3 (0.62) 11.5 (0.82) 11.6 (2.03) 57.8 (2.96) 55.5 (3.78) 9.1 (1.42)

4-year doctoral ................... 127 (11.5) 82.5 (1.92) 23.4 (1.31) 4.1 (0.67) 14.0 (1.91) 8.3 (1.50) 60.1 (1.66) 56.7 (2.39) 11.5 (1.69)

Other 4-year....................... 61 (8.5) 76.6 (3.91) 5.8 (1.77) 1.4 (0.64) 6.4 (3.53) 18.6 (5.21) 53.0 (8.54) 53.0 (8.54) 4.2 (2.31)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 187 (8.3) 88.0 (0.74) 37.4 (2.14) 23.0 (1.57) 54.3 (2.24) 5.3 (0.87) 29.3 (3.58) 27.7 (3.33) 4.6 (2.79)

Public ..................................... 113 (1.9) 88.6 (1.58) 29.8 (1.32) 34.8 (1.95) 62.5 (2.19) 7.3 (1.25) 26.0 (2.27) 24.2 (1.71) 1.1 (0.46)

Private.................................... 73 (7.8) 87.1 (2.48) 49.2 (4.37) 4.9 (0.73) 41.7 (4.41) 2.3 (0.64) 34.4 (6.95) 33.2 (6.99) 10.1 (6.98)

First-professional ....................... 254 (10.6) 88.1 (0.87) 16.3 (1.85) 4.0 (0.80) 6.5 (0.72) 1.5 (0.41) 80.4 (0.78) 78.3 (0.69) 17.9 (1.25)

Public ..................................... 114 (7.0) 87.8 (1.18) 12.2 (1.33) 7.2 (1.75) 6.5 (1.28) 1.6 (0.46) 81.0 (1.51) 79.8 (1.57) 19.9 (1.83)

Private.................................... 140 (5.7) 88.4 (1.14) 19.8 (2.27) 1.5 (0.80) 6.5 (0.81) 1.5 (0.71) 79.9 (1.73) 77.1 (1.59) 16.3 (1.33)

Other graduate........................... 62 (12.1) 59.8 (5.00) 5.6 (2.02) 8.4 (3.32) 7.2 (2.08) 3.1 (1.49) 41.0 (4.99) 40.4 (4.89) 3.8 (1.67)

2003–04, all institutions .... 914 (30.5) 85.9 (1.06) 21.6 (0.94) 13.2 (0.63) 22.5 (0.92) 8.6 (0.85) 61.0 (1.25) 56.4 (1.24) 10.8 (1.35)

Master’s degree ......................... 381 (28.4) 80.5 (1.95) 17.1 (1.44) 11.7 (1.04) 21.6 (1.65) 10.5 (1.36) 57.3 (2.15) 52.4 (2.25) 5.4 (0.80)

Public .................................... 190 (12.0) 78.3 (2.11) 15.0 (1.86) 19.0 (1.69) 33.7 (2.50) 7.0 (1.06) 46.1 (2.54) 42.5 (2.45) 4.1 (0.87)

4-year doctoral ................... 168 (10.4) 81.3 (1.75) 15.4 (2.06) 19.7 (1.71) 36.4 (2.52) 7.7 (1.17) 47.6 (2.55) 43.6 (2.39) 4.7 (0.99)

Other 4-year....................... 22 (5.0) 55.4 (10.59) 12.1 (6.63) 13.2 (7.69) 13.0 (8.31) 1.4 (1.09) 34.7 (10.36) 34.2 (10.25) ‡ (†)

Private.................................... 191 (23.0) 82.6 (3.45) 19.3 (2.44) 4.6 (1.01) 9.5 (2.19) 14.0 (2.47) 68.4 (3.34) 62.3 (3.45) 6.6 (1.38)

4-year doctoral ................... 116 (10.0) 85.8 (2.53) 27.9 (2.90) 7.0 (1.51) 12.4 (2.32) 10.3 (2.13) 67.8 (3.26) 60.0 (3.60) 9.8 (1.96)

Other 4-year....................... 76 (19.4) 77.7 (6.94) 6.1 (2.94) 0.9 (0.73) 4.9 (3.91) 19.7 (5.43) 69.3 (6.36) 65.8 (6.36) 1.6 (1.45)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 190 (9.0) 92.3 (0.86) 37.1 (1.71) 32.3 (1.71) 52.1 (1.82) 7.9 (0.79) 34.6 (1.86) 31.3 (1.67) 6.9 (1.50)

Public ..................................... 111 (5.5) 93.4 (0.85) 33.2 (2.03) 43.5 (2.20) 59.1 (1.94) 8.5 (0.94) 30.8 (1.80) 27.9 (1.71) 4.7 (0.87)

Private.................................... 78 (6.3) 90.7 (1.63) 42.7 (3.12) 16.4 (1.73) 42.2 (3.30) 7.1 (1.26) 39.8 (3.53) 36.0 (3.27) 10.1 (3.30)

First-professional ....................... 273 (7.2) 90.3 (1.23) 21.2 (1.87) 3.8 (0.67) 7.5 (0.89) 5.0 (0.76) 81.2 (1.60) 75.3 (2.08) 23.1 (3.31)

Public ..................................... 126 (7.3) 90.6 (1.45) 21.0 (2.51) 5.6 (0.90) 9.7 (1.35) 5.0 (0.93) 80.7 (2.11) 74.9 (2.44) 22.8 (2.01)

Private.................................... 147 (10.5) 90.1 (1.71) 21.3 (2.51) 2.2 (0.91) 5.6 (1.12) 5.0 (1.05) 81.6 (2.07) 75.8 (2.89) 23.3 (5.81)

Other graduate........................... 71 (11.7) 80.9 (4.80) 6.2 (1.59) 5.6 (2.04) 6.6 (2.49) 14.1 (5.74) 73.4 (5.67) 72.5 (5.77) 2.7 (1.20)

2007–08, all institutions .... 1,177 (26.7) 87.0 (0.65) 23.6 (1.07) 12.3 (0.66) 25.4 (0.93) 11.5 (0.94) 58.2 (1.27) 55.2 (1.24) 6.0 (0.36)

Master’s degree ......................... 616 (17.5) 84.8 (1.10) 17.7 (1.14) 10.6 (0.87) 19.4 (1.08) 16.1 (1.70) 60.1 (1.72) 55.9 (1.61) 4.4 (0.48)

Public .................................... 251 (8.8) 86.3 (1.37) 19.7 (1.78) 21.2 (1.92) 35.6 (1.80) 13.5 (1.45) 52.4 (1.79) 49.1 (1.78) 4.7 (0.95)

4-year doctoral ................... 219 (8.6) 87.7 (1.40) 21.9 (1.96) 23.4 (2.12) 37.9 (2.01) 14.7 (1.66) 51.2 (1.94) 48.2 (1.96) 4.4 (0.99)

Other 4-year....................... 33 (3.5) 76.9 (4.06) 5.2 (2.35) 6.1 (2.39) 20.0 (4.75) 5.1 (2.08) 60.4 (6.17) 54.7 (6.18) ‡ (†)

Private.................................... 364 (16.2) 83.7 (1.61) 16.3 (1.42) 3.4 (0.52) 8.2 (0.73) 18.0 (2.69) 65.4 (2.43) 60.6 (2.39) 4.2 (0.52)

4-year doctoral ................... 207 (11.5) 80.7 (1.53) 25.5 (2.42) 3.9 (0.64) 13.0 (1.12) 14.5 (1.17) 57.4 (1.72) 53.3 (1.72) 7.0 (0.92)

Other 4-year....................... 157 (12.0) 87.6 (2.90) 4.1 (0.90) 2.8 (0.89) 2.0 (0.54) 22.6 (6.10) 76.0 (4.59) 70.1 (4.43) 0.5 (0.30)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 285 (19.5) 93.0 (0.84) 36.0 (1.89) 25.9 (1.57) 54.3 (2.30) 8.0 (0.70) 35.8 (2.33) 33.9 (2.24) 2.6 (0.46)

Public ..................................... 148 (14.2) 92.1 (1.47) 30.7 (2.12) 39.4 (2.31) 66.5 (2.51) 7.9 (0.98) 28.3 (1.77) 27.0 (1.75) 2.4 (0.70)

Private.................................... 138 (10.7) 94.0 (1.02) 41.7 (3.17) 11.4 (1.36) 41.2 (3.46) 8.0 (1.14) 43.8 (3.79) 41.3 (3.65) 2.8 (0.63)

First-professional ....................... 242 (10.3) 88.1 (1.18) 26.1 (1.67) 1.6 (0.47) 7.8 (0.77) 4.6 (0.76) 81.3 (1.69) 79.8 (1.71) 14.4 (1.28)

Public ..................................... 106 (5.9) 88.0 (1.88) 21.9 (2.10) 3.2 (0.91) 9.4 (1.31) 4.9 (1.41) 81.1 (2.25) 80.0 (2.24) 14.5 (1.95)

Private.................................... 136 (11.2) 88.2 (1.72) 29.3 (2.33) 0.4 (0.18) 6.6 (0.84) 4.4 (0.68) 81.5 (2.21) 79.7 (2.23) 14.4 (1.83)

Other graduate........................... 34 (4.4) 68.8 (6.75) 10.5 (2.98) 3.0 (1.17) 16.2 (5.09) 6.1 (2.97) 48.8 (6.82) 46.9 (6.72) 4.5 (2.09)
512 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Student Charges and Student Financial Assistance

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

1Numbers of part-time or part-year postbaccalaureate students may not equal figures reported in

other tables, since these data are based on a sample survey of all postbaccalaureate students

enrolled at any time during the school year. 2Includes students who reported they were awarded aid, but did not specify the source of aid.

3Includes students who received teaching or research assistantships and/or participated in workstudy programs.

4Formerly Guaranteed Student Loans (GSL).

5Formerly National Direct Student Loans (NDSL). Includes subsidized amounts only.

6Fellowship estimates for 1992–93 were based primarily on information provided by institutions

and are not comparable to data for 1999–2000 and later years, which were based on information

provided by both students and institutions.

NOTE: Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Total includes some students whose level of study or control of institution was unknown. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding and because some students receive aid from multiple sources. Data

include Puerto Rico. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard

errors appear in parentheses

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1992–93,

1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 National Postsecondary Student Aid Studies (NPSAS:93,

NPSAS:2000, NPSAS:04, and NPSAS:08). (This table was prepared December 2010.)

Table 361. Percentage of part-time or part-year postbaccalaureate students receiving aid, by type of aid, level of study, and control and type of 

institution: Selected years, 1992–93 through 2007–08

Level of study, control and type 

of institution

Number of

students1 (in

thousands)

Percent receiving aid, by type

Any aid2

Fellowship

grants Tuition waivers Assistantships3

Employer

(includes

college staff)

Loans

Any loans Stafford4 Perkins5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

1992–93, all institutions .... 1,957 (88.6) 28.8 (0.85) [6

] (†) 5.0 (0.35) 4.3 (0.32) 7.8 (0.44) 10.7 (0.48) 9.5 (0.44) 1.0 (0.11)

Master’s degree ......................... 1,324 (72.6) 28.4 (0.93) [6

] (†) 4.6 (0.36) 3.8 (0.34) 8.8 (0.52) 10.3 (0.56) 9.3 (0.53) 0.9 (0.13)

Public ..................................... 774 (41.5) 26.2 (1.05) [6

] (†) 4.9 (0.45) 5.2 (0.46) 6.6 (0.49) 9.9 (0.64) 9.0 (0.61) 1.2 (0.18)

4-year doctoral ................... 489 (22.0) 30.5 (1.34) [6

] (†) 6.5 (0.61) 6.8 (0.64) 6.7 (0.65) 11.8 (0.81) 10.7 (0.75) 1.5 (0.22)

Other 4-year....................... 285 (26.3) 18.8 (1.61) [6

] (†) 2.2 (0.53) 2.6 (0.60) 6.5 (0.76) 6.5 (0.91) 6.0 (0.85) 0.6 (0.29)

Private.................................... 550 (45.5) 31.4 (1.68) [6

] (†) 4.2 (0.55) 1.9 (0.43) 11.8 (0.91) 11.0 (0.94) 9.7 (0.86) 0.5 (0.17)

4-year doctoral ................... 358 (37.2) 33.0 (1.84) [6

] (†) 4.4 (0.67) 2.5 (0.50) 12.1 (1.10) 11.9 (1.19) 10.5 (1.11) 0.6 (0.26)

Other 4-year....................... 193 (17.3) 28.4 (2.97) [6

] (†) 3.8 (1.04) 0.7 (0.25) 11.2 (1.57) 9.4 (1.33) 8.2 (1.15) 0.3 (0.17)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 149 (7.7) 43.9 (2.18) [6

] (†) 12.8 (1.66) 17.1 (1.68) 5.4 (1.00) 7.2 (0.93) 6.8 (0.91) 0.8 (0.07)

Public ..................................... 98 (4.2) 43.9 (2.48) [6

] (†) 14.9 (2.08) 17.0 (1.76) 6.3 (1.09) 7.1 (0.92) 6.5 (0.86) 0.6 (0.08)

Private.................................... 52 (6.4) 43.8 (3.68) [6

] (†) 8.9 (2.32) 17.4 (3.40) 3.7 (2.09) 7.6 (1.88) 7.4 (1.89) 1.2 (0.17)

First-professional ....................... 66 (4.8) 57.9 (2.71) [6

] (†) 5.9 (1.04) 3.0 (0.70) 3.3 (0.89) 46.4 (2.94) 42.9 (2.66) 6.7 (0.91)

Public ..................................... 165 (8.2) 64.8 (2.17) [6

] (†) 20.3 (1.77) 21.9 (1.78) 4.8 (0.85) 31.9 (2.05) 30.6 (1.94) 4.1 (0.73)

Private.................................... 121 (15.1) 57.8 (4.32) [6

] (†) 8.7 (1.69) 11.7 (3.84) 5.5 (1.21) 32.0 (3.84) 29.3 (3.88) 6.5 (1.67)

Other graduate........................... 417 (28.6) 20.3 (1.54) [6

] (†) 3.4 (0.57) 1.6 (0.39) 6.4 (0.90) 7.2 (0.74) 6.0 (0.66) 0.6 (0.27)

1999–2000, all institutions 1,740 (35.8) 47.9 (1.05) 4.8 (0.38) 5.8 (0.23) 5.4 (0.20) 20.3 (0.82) 18.0 (0.42) 16.9 (0.52) 1.0 (0.26)

Master’s degree ......................... 1,137 (42.7) 50.1 (0.76) 4.4 (0.47) 4.9 (0.25) 4.7 (0.20) 23.4 (0.90) 18.9 (0.91) 17.7 (1.14) 0.7 (0.23)

Public ..................................... 634 (19.2) 46.3 (1.16) 3.8 (0.55) 6.3 (0.39) 6.2 (0.30) 20.8 (1.51) 15.9 (0.99) 14.7 (1.08) 0.7 (0.29)

4-year doctoral ................... 434 (13.7) 49.7 (1.44) 4.2 (0.41) 7.4 (0.40) 8.0 (0.40) 21.5 (1.51) 16.7 (1.06) 15.6 (1.11) 0.5 (0.20)

Other 4-year....................... 200 (9.9) 39.0 (1.54) 3.1 (1.35) 4.0 (0.74) 2.2 (0.51) 19.1 (2.24) 14.1 (1.63) 12.9 (1.45) 1.1 (0.54)

Private.................................... 503 (27.9) 22.7 (1.19) 5.0 (0.68) 3.2 (0.24) 2.8 (0.44) 26.8 (0.93) 22.7 (1.19) 21.4 (1.49) 0.7 (0.23)

4-year doctoral ................... 323 (8.9) 56.4 (1.61) 6.3 (0.73) 3.6 (0.39) 3.3 (0.38) 25.9 (2.39) 22.7 (1.51) 21.4 (1.77) 0.8 (0.29)

Other 4-year....................... 180 (25.4) 52.4 (2.17) 2.8 (0.71) 2.6 (0.20) 1.8 (0.95) 28.5 (3.04) 22.6 (1.18) 21.3 (1.38) 0.7 (0.43)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 162 (10.4) 54.3 (1.47) 10.7 (1.11) 14.8 (1.40) 20.7 (1.67) 14.1 (1.30) 14.4 (1.55) 13.8 (1.51) 1.2 (0.78)

Public ..................................... 109 (4.2) 53.0 (1.94) 8.7 (1.27) 19.4 (1.12) 25.6 (1.60) 12.1 (0.91) 12.4 (1.15) 11.8 (1.11) 0.3 (0.17)

Private.................................... 53 (7.2) 57.0 (1.65) 14.9 (2.62) 5.4 (2.53) 10.5 (1.65) 18.1 (3.23) 18.5 (4.01) 17.9 (4.04) 3.1 (2.70)

First-professional ....................... 75 (11.3) 76.0 (2.71) 9.7 (1.89) 5.1 (0.98) 3.8 (2.05) 10.6 (2.55) 58.7 (2.74) 55.5 (2.79) 6.9 (1.56)

Public ..................................... 23 (2.2) 73.0 (6.16) 8.5 (3.11) 3.9 (1.30) 5.9 (4.58) 7.6 (1.17) 58.5 (6.19) 54.5 (7.07) 5.4 (2.32)

Private.................................... 52 (10.8) 77.3 (4.59) 10.3 (2.33) 5.6 (1.67) 2.9 (1.40) 11.9 (3.95) 58.7 (4.92) 55.9 (6.36) 7.6 (3.11)

Other graduate........................... 366 (13.0) 32.3 (2.53) 2.6 (0.64) 4.4 (0.57) 1.3 (0.29) 15.3 (1.68) 8.7 (1.46) 8.1 (1.45) 0.4 (0.19)

2003–04, all institutions .... 1,910 (100.6) 64.3 (1.08) 6.0 (0.47) 6.1 (0.47) 11.8 (0.54) 25.7 (0.92) 30.0 (1.07) 28.3 (1.02) 1.7 (0.21)

Master’s degree ......................... 1,300 (69.5) 66.1 (1.27) 4.8 (0.66) 5.7 (0.64) 10.6 (0.70) 27.4 (1.19) 32.7 (1.23) 30.9 (1.17) 1.6 (0.28)

Public ..................................... 695 (33.7) 62.5 (1.64) 3.4 (0.55) 7.6 (0.78) 16.1 (0.95) 24.9 (1.27) 27.2 (1.45) 25.0 (1.37) 2.2 (0.39)

4-year doctoral ................... 514 (29.9) 63.9 (1.52) 3.7 (0.63) 8.3 (0.89) 17.8 (1.04) 24.8 (1.45) 27.7 (1.39) 25.1 (1.30) 2.6 (0.48)

Other 4-year....................... 181 (13.3) 58.7 (4.27) 2.6 (0.96) 5.5 (1.76) 11.2 (2.13) 25.1 (3.34) 25.8 (4.10) 24.6 (3.95) 1.0 (0.76)

Private.................................... 605 (43.8) 70.3 (1.79) 6.5 (1.38) 3.5 (0.96) 4.3 (0.77) 30.3 (1.99) 39.1 (2.01) 37.8 (1.99) 1.0 (0.38)

4-year doctoral ................... 326 (28.1) 69.4 (2.58) 8.6 (2.00) 3.0 (0.72) 6.0 (1.35) 28.2 (2.65) 38.3 (3.69) 36.4 (3.63) 1.6 (0.68)

Other 4-year....................... 279 (28.4) 71.2 (3.19) 4.0 (1.45) 4.0 (1.81) 2.2 (0.74) 32.7 (3.32) 40.0 (3.96) 39.4 (4.01) 0.2 (0.15)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 197 (24.2) 71.9 (1.68) 15.2 (1.02) 15.3 (1.37) 33.9 (1.26) 19.6 (1.72) 22.3 (1.97) 20.5 (1.98) 1.4 (0.32)

Public ..................................... 127 (15.7) 74.4 (1.31) 15.8 (1.10) 20.9 (1.75) 42.1 (1.22) 17.4 (1.02) 18.2 (1.71) 16.5 (1.71) 1.8 (0.46)

Private.................................... 70 (9.8) 67.4 (3.74) 14.0 (2.39) 5.1 (1.21) 18.8 (2.24) 23.4 (4.33) 29.6 (4.14) 27.9 (4.04) 0.8 (0.33)

First-professional ....................... 77 (13.8) 74.9 (3.55) 15.6 (3.96) 3.6 (1.58) 6.2 (1.51) 14.1 (2.59) 51.3 (5.17) 48.4 (4.76) 6.0 (1.75)

Public ..................................... 15 (2.1) 77.8 (5.45) 17.6 (4.67) 6.9 (3.10) 8.3 (4.07) 9.9 (3.88) 61.9 (6.90) 52.4 (7.05) 20.3 (4.32)

Private.................................... 62 (13.2) 74.2 (4.35) 15.2 (4.82) 2.8 (1.88) 5.7 (1.76) 15.1 (3.17) 48.8 (6.30) 47.4 (5.96) 2.6 (1.52)

Other graduate........................... 336 (25.0) 50.4 (2.80) 3.1 (0.76) 3.0 (0.56) 5.1 (0.85) 25.6 (2.20) 19.2 (2.79) 18.2 (2.78) 1.0 (0.44)

2007–08, all institutions .... 2,279 (26.7) 66.9 (0.81) 6.5 (0.48) 7.0 (0.39) 10.0 (0.54) 27.2 (0.85) 34.6 (0.61) 30.5 (0.56) 0.9 (0.10)

Master’s degree ......................... 1,640 (41.9) 69.3 (0.89) 5.5 (0.49) 5.7 (0.41) 7.6 (0.40) 29.6 (1.02) 37.4 (0.84) 33.2 (0.79) 0.9 (0.13)

Public ..................................... 837 (19.8) 65.4 (1.35) 4.5 (0.56) 7.2 (0.71) 10.6 (0.71) 27.8 (1.26) 32.2 (1.10) 27.2 (0.85) 1.0 (0.19)

4-year doctoral ................... 621 (18.7) 67.6 (1.65) 5.0 (0.67) 8.5 (0.85) 12.2 (0.89) 29.5 (1.53) 31.7 (1.21) 27.4 (1.13) 1.0 (0.26)

Other 4-year....................... 216 (7.3) 59.1 (2.87) 3.1 (1.00) 3.6 (1.25) 6.1 (1.18) 23.0 (2.94) 33.8 (3.15) 26.7 (2.64) 1.3 (0.38)

Private.................................... 803 (31.5) 73.3 (1.24) 6.6 (0.77) 4.1 (0.51) 4.5 (0.42) 31.5 (1.54) 42.8 (1.18) 39.4 (1.18) 0.8 (0.21)

4-year doctoral ................... 507 (21.8) 71.0 (1.46) 8.0 (1.03) 3.9 (0.51) 5.8 (0.60) 33.0 (1.21) 36.2 (1.36) 32.5 (1.30) 1.1 (0.32)

Other 4-year....................... 296 (15.8) 77.2 (2.22) 4.1 (0.77) 4.5 (1.04) 2.4 (0.50) 28.9 (3.83) 53.9 (2.49) 51.3 (2.51) 0.2 (0.13)

Doctor’s degree ......................... 238 (20.4) 77.3 (1.39) 16.4 (1.25) 19.1 (1.34) 38.3 (1.58) 19.5 (1.06) 26.9 (1.85) 23.7 (2.07) 0.6 (0.18)

Public ..................................... 153 (11.4) 76.7 (1.53) 16.8 (1.53) 24.7 (1.72) 46.8 (2.18) 19.8 (1.34) 18.7 (1.84) 15.7 (1.29) 0.5 (0.27)

Private.................................... 85 (10.7) 78.6 (2.69) 15.7 (2.47) 8.9 (1.38) 23.0 (2.68) 18.7 (2.18) 41.8 (4.96) 38.2 (5.23) 0.7 (0.31)

First-professional ....................... 59 (8.1) 85.8 (2.87) 20.6 (3.63) 6.4 (2.52) 10.3 (2.18) 16.3 (2.40) 68.0 (3.77) 62.6 (4.66) 4.0 (1.61)

Public ..................................... 20 (3.4) 87.9 (4.77) 13.9 (3.88) 11.2 (4.16) 18.4 (4.64) 15.8 (4.09) 66.0 (5.79) 60.5 (6.84) 7.7 (3.09)

Private.................................... 39 (8.8) 84.6 (3.10) 24.1 (4.93) 3.9 (3.06) 6.1 (1.64) 16.6 (2.91) 69.1 (4.84) 63.6 (5.72) 2.1 (1.15)

Other graduate....................... 342 (19.6) 44.7 (2.50) 1.6 (0.34) 4.9 (1.06) 1.5 (0.38) 23.1 (2.20) 21.1 (2.08) 16.6 (1.52) 0.5 (0.30)
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 513

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Revenue Table 362. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of revenue and type of institution: 2005–06 through 2008–09

Type of institution 

and year

 Total

revenues

Operating revenues

 Tuition

and fees1

 Grants and contracts

 Sales and

services of

auxiliary

enterprises2

Sales and

services of

hospitals

Independent

operations

 Other

operating

Total revenues

Federal

(excludes

Federal Direct

Student Loans) State Local

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

In thousands of current dollars

All institutions

2005–06.............. $246,164,836 $41,770,600 $45,147,837 $30,333,948 $7,207,813 $7,606,076 $18,786,806 $22,100,555 $635,607 $14,483,979

2006–07.............. 268,556,045 44,773,470 46,569,572 30,779,946 7,613,614 8,176,011 20,398,261 22,575,459 688,024 13,765,596

2007–08.............. 273,109,306 48,070,012 42,053,774 25,522,915 7,831,530 8,699,329 20,488,319 25,183,379 1,174,836 14,108,986

2008–09.............. 267,385,180 51,840,367 43,095,658 26,092,100 7,403,141 9,600,416 21,358,319 27,301,883 1,036,660 14,165,654

4-year

2005–06.............. 202,511,496 34,506,560 37,991,199 25,583,341 5,383,780 7,024,078 16,945,544 22,100,555 635,607 13,753,422

2006–07.............. 221,882,332 37,205,630 39,145,011 26,027,591 5,530,987 7,586,434 18,520,922 22,575,459 688,024 13,057,589

2007–08.............. 223,566,529 40,083,063 37,341,007 23,518,933 5,715,188 8,106,887 18,507,934 25,183,379 1,174,836 13,135,633

2008–09.............. 216,432,317 43,478,018 38,736,492 24,178,064 5,526,583 9,031,844 19,391,219 27,301,883 1,036,660 13,291,611

2-year

2005–06.............. 43,653,340 7,264,040 7,156,638 4,750,607 1,824,034 581,998 1,841,262 0 0 730,557

2006–07.............. 46,673,713 7,567,840 7,424,561 4,752,356 2,082,627 589,578 1,877,338 0 0 708,007

2007–08.............. 49,542,777 7,986,949 4,712,766 2,003,982 2,116,343 592,442 1,980,385 0 0 973,353

2008–09.............. 50,952,862 8,362,349 4,359,166 1,914,036 1,876,558 568,572 1,967,100 0 0 874,043

Percentage distribution

All institutions

2005–06.............. 100.00 16.97 18.34 12.32 2.93 3.09 7.63 8.98 0.26 5.88

2006–07.............. 100.00 16.67 17.34 11.46 2.84 3.04 7.60 8.41 0.26 5.13

2007–08.............. 100.00 17.60 15.40 9.35 2.87 3.19 7.50 9.22 0.43 5.17

2008–09.............. 100.00 19.39 16.12 9.76 2.77 3.59 7.99 10.21 0.39 5.30

4-year

2005–06.............. 100.00 17.04 18.76 12.63 2.66 3.47 8.37 10.91 0.31 6.79

2006–07.............. 100.00 16.77 17.64 11.73 2.49 3.42 8.35 10.17 0.31 5.88

2007–08.............. 100.00 17.93 16.70 10.52 2.56 3.63 8.28 11.26 0.53 5.88

2008–09.............. 100.00 20.09 17.90 11.17 2.55 4.17 8.96 12.61 0.48 6.14

2-year

2005–06.............. 100.00 16.64 16.39 10.88 4.18 1.33 4.22 0.00 0.00 1.67

2006–07.............. 100.00 16.21 15.91 10.18 4.46 1.26 4.02 0.00 0.00 1.52

2007–08.............. 100.00 16.12 9.51 4.04 4.27 1.20 4.00 0.00 0.00 1.96

2008–09.............. 100.00 16.41 8.56 3.76 3.68 1.12 3.86 0.00 0.00 1.72

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

All institutions

2005–06.............. $26,215 $4,448 $4,808 $3,230 $768 $810 $2,001 $2,354 $68 $1,542

2006–07.............. 28,258 4,711 4,900 3,239 801 860 2,146 2,375 72 1,448

2007–08.............. 28,041 4,935 4,318 2,621 804 893 2,104 2,586 121 1,449

2008–09.............. 26,574 5,152 4,283 2,593 736 954 2,123 2,713 103 1,408

4-year

2005–06.............. 35,353 6,024 6,632 4,466 940 1,226 2,958 3,858 111 2,401

2006–07.............. 38,093 6,387 6,720 4,468 950 1,302 3,180 3,876 118 2,242

2007–08.............. 37,297 6,687 6,229 3,924 953 1,352 3,088 4,201 196 2,191

2008–09.............. 35,252 7,082 6,309 3,938 900 1,471 3,158 4,447 169 2,165

2-year

2005–06.............. 11,921 1,984 1,954 1,297 498 159 503 0 0 200

2006–07.............. 12,687 2,057 2,018 1,292 566 160 510 0 0 192

2007–08.............. 13,227 2,132 1,258 535 565 158 529 0 0 260

2008–09.............. 12,991 2,132 1,111 488 478 145 502 0 0 223

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2008–09 dollars3

All institutions

2005–06.............. $28,279 $4,799 $5,186 $3,485 $828 $874 $2,158 $2,539 $73 $1,664

2006–07.............. 29,715 4,954 5,153 3,406 842 905 2,257 2,498 76 1,523

2007–08.............. 28,432 5,004 4,378 2,657 815 906 2,133 2,622 122 1,469

2008–09.............. 26,574 5,152 4,283 2,593 736 954 2,123 2,713 103 1,408

4-year

2005–06.............. 38,136 6,498 7,154 4,818 1,014 1,323 3,191 4,162 120 2,590

2006–07.............. 40,056 6,717 7,067 4,699 998 1,370 3,344 4,076 124 2,357

2007–08.............. 37,818 6,780 6,316 3,978 967 1,371 3,131 4,260 199 2,222

2008–09.............. 35,252 7,082 6,309 3,938 900 1,471 3,158 4,447 169 2,165

2-year

2005–06.............. 12,859 2,140 2,108 1,399 537 171 542 0 0 215

2006–07.............. 13,341 2,163 2,122 1,358 595 169 537 0 0 202

2007–08.............. 13,412 2,162 1,276 543 573 160 536 0 0 264

2008–09.............. 12,991 2,132 1,111 488 478 145 502 0 0 223

See notes at end of table.
514 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Net of allowances and discounts.

2After deducting discounts and allowances.

3Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title

IV federal financial aid programs. Includes data for public institutions reporting data according to

either the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) or the Financial Accounting

Standards Board (FASB) questionnaire. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2005–06

through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Spring 2006 through

Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 362. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of revenue and type of institution: 2005–06 through 2008–09—Continued

Type of institution 

and year

Nonoperating revenues Other revenues and additions

Appropriations Nonoperating grants

Capital

grants

and gifts

Additions to

permanent

 Federal State Local Federal State Local Gifts endowments Other

Investment

income Other

Capital

appropriations

1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

In thousands of current dollars

All institutions

2005–06.............. $1,858,625 $58,720,088 $8,249,690 $2,811,434 $1,177,322 $102,497 $4,975,616 $9,597,624 $2,705,351 $5,421,660 $2,568,688 $1,004,691 $4,046,166

2006–07.............. 1,910,169 63,204,939 8,818,685 2,859,223 1,291,896 129,138 5,589,156 15,588,573 3,950,191 7,332,387 3,509,682 1,039,425 4,562,199

2007–08.............. 1,849,775 68,375,062 9,319,219 10,022,315 1,909,570 177,555 6,070,499 5,278,643 2,251,324 7,578,049 3,090,589 1,133,783 4,973,618

2008–09.............. 2,010,843 65,486,232 9,787,019 12,760,716 2,720,449 265,789 5,893,912 -9,487,915 3,011,240 7,038,658 2,938,605 843,528 5,317,562

4-year

2005–06.............. 1,720,108 45,591,539 336,424 1,546,322 613,928 33,269 4,713,701 8,927,767 2,330,293 3,680,390 2,250,167 986,771 3,847,930

2006–07.............. 1,786,143 49,216,667 446,923 1,625,932 705,405 71,908 5,332,020 14,616,593 3,365,017 5,064,705 3,161,015 1,016,329 4,281,040

2007–08.............. 1,776,452 53,268,648 453,280 5,177,569 1,201,394 103,824 5,798,732 4,430,479 1,770,108 5,637,968 2,762,277 1,120,806 4,639,141

2008–09.............. 1,934,958 50,863,465 484,689 6,425,434 1,729,985 131,427 5,635,304 -9,958,068 2,601,770 4,987,773 2,554,107 830,264 4,975,326

2-year

2005–06.............. 138,517 13,128,549 7,913,266 1,265,113 563,394 69,228 261,914 669,858 375,058 1,741,270 318,521 17,920 198,236

2006–07.............. 124,026 13,988,272 8,371,762 1,233,292 586,491 57,230 257,136 971,979 585,175 2,267,682 348,667 23,096 281,159

2007–08.............. 73,324 15,106,414 8,865,938 4,844,746 708,176 73,731 271,766 848,164 481,216 1,940,082 328,312 12,978 334,477

2008–09.............. 75,885 14,622,766 9,302,330 6,335,282 990,464 134,362 258,608 470,153 409,470 2,050,885 384,498 13,263 342,236

Percentage distribution

All institutions

2005–06.............. 0.76 23.85 3.35 1.14 0.48 0.04 2.02 3.90 1.10 2.20 1.04 0.41 1.64

2006–07.............. 0.71 23.54 3.28 1.06 0.48 0.05 2.08 5.80 1.47 2.73 1.31 0.39 1.70

2007–08.............. 0.68 25.04 3.41 3.67 0.70 0.07 2.22 1.93 0.82 2.77 1.13 0.42 1.82

2008–09.............. 0.75 24.49 3.66 4.77 1.02 0.10 2.20 -3.55 1.13 2.63 1.10 0.32 1.99

4-year

2005–06.............. 0.85 22.51 0.17 0.76 0.30 0.02 2.33 4.41 1.15 1.82 1.11 0.49 1.90

2006–07.............. 0.80 22.18 0.20 0.73 0.32 0.03 2.40 6.59 1.52 2.28 1.42 0.46 1.93

2007–08.............. 0.79 23.83 0.20 2.32 0.54 0.05 2.59 1.98 0.79 2.52 1.24 0.50 2.08

2008–09.............. 0.89 23.50 0.22 2.97 0.80 0.06 2.60 -4.60 1.20 2.30 1.18 0.38 2.30

2-year

2005–06.............. 0.32 30.07 18.13 2.90 1.29 0.16 0.60 1.53 0.86 3.99 0.73 0.04 0.45

2006–07.............. 0.27 29.97 17.94 2.64 1.26 0.12 0.55 2.08 1.25 4.86 0.75 0.05 0.60

2007–08.............. 0.15 30.49 17.90 9.78 1.43 0.15 0.55 1.71 0.97 3.92 0.66 0.03 0.68

2008–09.............. 0.15 28.70 18.26 12.43 1.94 0.26 0.51 0.92 0.80 4.03 0.75 0.03 0.67

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

All institutions

2005–06.............. $198 $6,253 $879 $299 $125 $11 $530 $1,022 $288 $577 $274 $107 $431

2006–07.............. 201 6,651 928 301 136 14 588 1,640 416 772 369 109 480

2007–08.............. 190 7,020 957 1,029 196 18 623 542 231 778 317 116 511

2008–09.............. 200 6,508 973 1,268 270 26 586 -943 299 700 292 84 528

4-year

2005–06.............. 300 7,959 59 270 107 6 823 1,559 407 642 393 172 672

2006–07.............. 307 8,450 77 279 121 12 915 2,509 578 870 543 174 735

2007–08.............. 296 8,887 76 864 200 17 967 739 295 941 461 187 774

2008–09.............. 315 8,285 79 1,047 282 21 918 -1,622 424 812 416 135 810

2-year

2005–06.............. 38 3,585 2,161 345 154 19 72 183 102 476 87 5 54

2006–07.............. 34 3,802 2,276 335 159 16 70 264 159 616 95 6 76

2007–08.............. 20 4,033 2,367 1,293 189 20 73 226 128 518 88 3 89

2008–09.............. 19 3,728 2,372 1,615 253 34 66 120 104 523 98 3 87

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2008–09 dollars3

All institutions

2005–06.............. $214 $6,746 $948 $323 $135 $12 $572 $1,103 $311 $623 $295 $115 $465

2006–07.............. 211 6,993 976 316 143 14 618 1,725 437 811 388 115 505

2007–08.............. 193 7,118 970 1,043 199 18 632 550 234 789 322 118 518

2008–09.............. 200 6,508 973 1,268 270 26 586 -943 299 700 292 84 528

4-year

2005–06.............. 324 8,586 63 291 116 6 888 1,681 439 693 424 186 725

2006–07.............. 322 8,885 81 294 127 13 963 2,639 607 914 571 183 773

2007–08.............. 300 9,011 77 876 203 18 981 749 299 954 467 190 785

2008–09.............. 315 8,285 79 1,047 282 21 918 -1,622 424 812 416 135 810

2-year

2005–06.............. 41 3,867 2,331 373 166 20 77 197 110 513 94 5 58

2006–07.............. 35 3,998 2,393 353 168 16 73 278 167 648 100 7 80

2007–08.............. 20 4,090 2,400 1,312 192 20 74 230 130 525 89 4 91

2008–09.............. 19 3,728 2,372 1,615 253 34 66 120 104 523 98 3 87
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 515

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes other categories not separately shown.

2Net of allowances and discounts.

3After deducting discounts and allowances.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes data for public institutions reporting data

according to either the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) or the Financial

Accounting Standards Board (FASB) questionnaire. Detail may not sum to totals because

of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2007–08 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Spring 2009. (This table was

prepared June 2010.)

Table 363. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of revenue and state or jurisdiction: 2007–08

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Total

revenues

Operating revenue Nonoperating revenue1

Other

revenues

Total and additions

Tuition

and fees2

Federal

grants and

contracts

State

and local

grants and

contracts

Sales and

services

of auxiliary

enterprises3

Sales and

services

of hospitals

Independent

operations

and other Total

State

appropriations

Local

appropriations

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States .... $273,109,306 $151,079,305 $48,070,012 $25,522,915 $16,530,859 $20,488,319 $25,183,379 $15,283,822 $105,253,961 $68,375,062 $9,319,219 $16,776,039

Alabama .................... 6,090,977 3,950,331 986,818 724,265 304,527 271,775 1,065,623 597,322 1,972,844 1,777,102 0 167,802

Alaska........................ 788,040 350,021 92,519 131,799 68,214 39,676 0 17,814 352,359 328,490 6,955 85,660

Arizona ...................... 4,665,755 2,021,479 972,592 445,048 139,083 344,829 0 119,927 2,526,369 1,230,384 671,580 117,907

Arkansas.................... 3,130,740 1,893,016 352,410 198,500 164,654 209,736 765,358 202,358 1,086,653 749,809 27,250 151,071

California ................... 38,767,240 19,872,123 3,916,748 3,230,281 2,620,295 1,795,802 4,917,236 3,391,761 15,944,683 9,782,352 2,415,087 2,950,433

Colorado .................... 4,276,407 3,660,397 1,300,923 781,371 561,362 407,489 310,038 299,213 425,991 27,352 73,247 190,019

Connecticut................ 2,720,233 1,490,946 476,082 160,193 91,931 203,569 232,470 326,700 1,159,598 975,581 0 69,689

Delaware.................... 852,502 556,321 289,714 112,469 34,860 99,535 0 19,744 283,652 238,239 0 12,529

District of Columbia ... 131,172 50,227 20,376 15,976 8,969 1,399 0 3,507 73,013 7,549 62,770 7,932

Florida........................ 10,185,317 3,908,884 1,393,418 891,033 809,327 651,580 0 163,526 4,822,014 3,649,036 0 1,454,419

Georgia...................... 6,146,541 3,124,126 1,070,565 615,987 436,020 582,884 215,552 203,118 2,699,089 2,276,656 437 323,327

Hawaii........................ 1,678,048 634,411 170,408 290,086 64,077 86,352 0 23,488 887,550 690,625 0 156,087

Idaho.......................... 1,042,040 507,796 203,851 103,577 59,699 94,309 0 46,360 481,307 369,740 9,076 52,937

Illinois......................... 9,188,486 4,926,651 1,765,579 691,158 378,458 827,162 463,209 801,086 4,144,653 1,714,574 862,300 117,182

Indiana....................... 5,608,429 3,389,418 1,617,398 513,128 255,617 679,738 0 323,537 2,090,930 1,429,095 7,862 128,081

Iowa ........................... 4,184,391 2,822,651 632,114 516,129 149,640 397,897 848,744 278,128 1,248,508 911,645 79,855 113,232

Kansas....................... 2,761,127 1,449,274 609,303 279,718 119,671 279,020 0 161,563 1,236,934 794,575 229,974 74,918

Kentucky .................... 4,542,789 2,907,030 718,362 449,543 321,468 234,686 1,017,345 165,626 1,402,591 1,063,063 14,060 233,168

Louisiana ................... 4,122,613 2,159,356 558,504 340,849 453,927 291,125 417,138 97,814 1,770,965 1,455,270 0 192,292

Maine......................... 802,561 465,683 191,258 62,843 63,276 96,765 0 51,541 314,440 257,003 0 22,438

Maryland.................... 5,578,686 3,207,388 1,267,566 659,996 416,957 540,232 0 322,637 2,013,349 1,338,598 311,560 357,949

Massachusetts........... 3,782,374 2,329,562 859,220 354,428 247,533 320,279 0 548,103 1,396,494 1,224,381 0 56,317

Michigan .................... 12,260,192 7,993,692 2,838,558 1,189,534 448,345 937,276 2,105,439 474,541 3,917,180 1,967,204 602,296 349,320

Minnesota .................. 4,652,718 2,561,749 1,111,719 473,416 366,481 584,854 0 25,279 1,851,401 1,392,652 0 239,569

Mississippi ................. 3,541,987 1,869,174 400,357 423,646 177,902 213,852 531,192 122,224 1,490,907 1,016,787 43,608 181,906

Missouri ..................... 4,192,883 2,627,615 828,926 281,694 194,592 596,630 561,642 164,131 1,441,947 950,546 140,624 123,321

Montana..................... 916,382 589,262 225,598 158,107 39,468 100,516 0 65,572 288,412 183,291 6,966 38,708

Nebraska ................... 2,032,164 990,318 293,760 180,662 170,051 222,128 24,493 99,224 966,324 601,076 93,493 75,522

Nevada ...................... 1,556,699 654,192 256,803 170,864 61,467 92,284 0 72,774 694,146 613,100 0 208,361

New Hampshire ......... 834,737 600,212 277,553 86,001 42,702 170,130 0 23,825 181,645 127,667 0 52,881

New Jersey ................ 6,277,546 3,908,959 1,541,619 456,338 494,656 456,695 739,486 220,165 2,246,248 1,605,917 210,209 122,339

New Mexico ............... 3,063,988 1,606,003 200,917 407,762 183,307 122,724 462,701 228,591 1,312,795 860,988 108,045 145,191

New York.................... 12,895,861 6,325,514 1,922,497 844,981 1,031,556 777,469 1,595,895 153,117 5,927,354 4,262,790 689,261 642,993

North Carolina ........... 9,031,470 3,594,445 1,171,458 678,635 367,940 1,220,149 0 156,263 4,765,096 3,502,291 185,257 671,929

North Dakota ............. 870,797 552,824 224,740 149,325 38,444 80,674 0 59,641 294,798 225,028 2,083 23,176

Ohio ........................... 10,251,023 7,211,073 2,713,715 703,789 601,719 858,385 1,957,761 375,705 2,662,572 1,972,173 141,039 377,378

Oklahoma .................. 3,463,866 1,905,114 601,283 256,290 269,129 347,885 51,032 379,495 1,384,679 932,134 44,626 174,074

Oregon....................... 4,457,055 2,978,285 717,102 623,058 232,605 342,906 856,755 205,859 1,371,399 779,394 171,928 107,371

Pennsylvania.............. 10,303,601 7,671,918 2,915,019 1,062,250 446,732 828,788 1,932,957 486,173 2,527,809 1,471,509 117,768 103,874

Rhode Island ............. 688,991 421,523 217,677 60,925 25,046 92,730 0 25,145 202,969 167,557 0 64,499

South Carolina........... 3,684,704 2,229,887 988,045 362,020 300,675 312,190 0 266,957 1,268,557 863,770 56,196 186,259

South Dakota............. 621,960 390,161 153,756 94,329 38,024 46,853 0 57,199 217,494 171,461 0 14,305

Tennessee ................. 3,730,613 1,676,876 700,061 271,019 299,165 247,417 0 159,214 1,804,170 1,251,995 5,019 249,566

Texas ......................... 24,178,993 10,719,654 3,439,471 1,964,345 1,516,971 999,047 1,196,091 1,603,730 9,522,981 5,265,444 1,205,186 3,936,358

Utah ........................... 3,903,428 2,603,441 453,467 310,468 126,049 166,350 937,047 610,060 1,119,465 788,853 0 180,523

Vermont ..................... 662,717 537,854 269,830 119,743 31,105 91,428 0 25,749 111,135 70,697 0 13,728

Virginia....................... 7,544,757 4,508,535 1,593,944 711,465 189,375 913,800 956,466 143,484 2,550,579 1,719,145 2,026 485,643

Washington................ 7,037,521 4,315,163 1,044,154 1,015,027 554,975 457,464 923,869 319,673 2,136,029 1,554,111 0 586,330

West Virginia.............. 1,552,299 933,851 407,467 138,920 150,612 184,723 0 52,131 533,485 401,636 197 84,963

Wisconsin .................. 5,345,887 2,887,956 1,034,310 599,720 314,468 434,650 0 504,808 2,239,029 1,079,275 682,752 218,903

Wyoming.................... 661,423 243,687 58,969 55,390 43,781 47,331 0 38,217 368,064 285,453 38,627 49,672

U.S. Service 

Academies........... 1,846,573 293,277 1,510 104,818 3,953 85,155 97,841 0 1,521,307 0 0 31,990

Other jurisdictions 1,648,226 396,384 84,612 183,513 38,307 15,669 48,575 25,708 1,221,057 993,118 49,328 30,785

American Samoa....... 16,573 8,521 2,379 5,834 0 308 0 0 8,052 0 0 0

Federated States 

of Micronesia ......... 18,246 5,346 626 3,063 0 942 0 714 12,900 0 0 0

Guam......................... 101,950 48,702 13,708 25,913 1,576 3,024 0 4,481 52,659 31,776 15,214 589

Marshall Islands......... 11,784 689 271 0 43 375 0 0 6,247 1,988 0 4,848

Northern Marianas .... 16,012 7,336 909 6,124 0 0 0 304 7,826 5,869 0 850

Palau.......................... 8,487 3,867 1,238 1,201 338 778 0 311 4,308 2,334 0 311

Puerto Rico................ 1,410,914 291,118 54,494 129,484 33,066 5,958 48,575 19,541 1,098,802 951,150 3,096 20,994

U.S. Virgin Islands ..... 64,260 30,804 10,986 11,894 3,283 4,283 0 357 30,264 0 31,018 3,192
516 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes other categories not separately shown.

2Net of allowances and discounts.

3After deducting discounts and allowances.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes data for public institutions reporting data

according to either the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) or the Financial

Accounting Standards Board (FASB) questionnaire. Detail may not sum to totals because

of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Spring 2010. (This table was

prepared October 2010.)

Table 364. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of revenue and state or jurisdiction: 2008–09

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Total

revenues

Operating revenue Nonoperating revenue1

Other

revenues

Total and additions

Tuition

and fees2

Federal

grants and

contracts

State

and local

grants and

contracts

Sales and

services

of auxiliary

enterprises3

Sales and

services

of hospitals

Independent

operations

and other Total

State

appropriations

Local

appropriations

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States .... $267,385,180 $158,798,541 $51,840,367 $26,092,100 $17,003,557 $21,358,319 $27,301,883 $15,202,314 $92,448,286 $65,486,232 $9,787,019 $16,138,352

Alabama .................... 6,151,396 4,076,517 1,098,661 710,671 279,677 301,897 1,100,468 585,142 1,956,724 1,422,961 13,011 118,154

Alaska........................ 764,304 360,307 98,639 130,141 71,421 40,478 0 19,628 340,259 320,770 8,005 63,738

Arizona ...................... 4,794,451 2,160,182 1,101,987 447,654 155,241 343,353 0 111,948 2,569,638 1,062,586 706,572 64,631

Arkansas.................... 3,200,463 1,974,327 395,193 209,648 161,801 222,671 781,472 203,542 1,049,939 742,037 27,823 176,197

California ................... 38,094,143 20,542,748 4,248,919 3,472,492 2,539,228 1,855,951 5,496,077 2,930,081 15,291,920 8,521,074 2,473,159 2,259,475

Colorado .................... 4,598,454 3,813,090 1,340,718 805,742 569,879 431,754 348,509 316,488 617,023 36,200 74,301 168,341

Connecticut................ 2,911,329 1,552,254 514,773 166,372 101,280 225,235 250,611 293,983 1,187,089 989,310 0 171,986

Delaware.................... 625,893 598,159 317,592 115,617 35,756 104,387 0 24,806 12,377 223,207 0 15,358

District of Columbia ... 143,598 58,136 22,001 19,226 10,073 1,397 0 5,439 79,098 7,671 62,070 6,363

Florida........................ 10,165,831 4,359,447 1,567,244 951,371 984,723 692,311 49 163,750 4,658,278 3,396,175 0 1,148,105

Georgia...................... 6,408,322 3,280,279 1,208,597 572,681 481,110 655,896 208,667 153,328 2,737,870 2,139,000 0 390,172

Hawaii........................ 1,652,153 674,771 196,793 301,377 68,421 83,964 0 24,216 790,448 585,499 0 186,934

Idaho.......................... 1,054,013 508,491 219,005 106,325 46,230 97,245 0 39,686 512,730 376,123 12,188 32,792

Illinois......................... 9,587,662 5,117,079 1,939,119 714,904 374,729 860,984 481,943 745,402 4,398,332 1,749,634 922,697 72,251

Indiana....................... 5,574,614 3,607,739 1,783,621 523,509 293,463 677,244 0 329,902 1,883,630 1,463,735 9,486 83,245

Iowa ........................... 4,359,349 3,060,522 668,856 539,306 172,962 409,841 952,263 317,295 1,158,646 893,101 90,427 140,182

Kansas....................... 2,894,348 1,585,870 648,713 294,764 149,904 293,166 0 199,322 1,216,991 772,802 230,758 91,486

Kentucky .................... 4,629,300 2,929,517 786,308 416,771 224,847 256,892 1,076,638 168,060 1,333,330 1,028,163 14,494 366,453

Louisiana ................... 4,178,534 2,254,252 581,839 325,160 477,649 309,945 460,550 99,110 1,769,104 1,447,049 0 155,177

Maine......................... 827,818 485,942 210,898 61,581 62,503 98,600 0 52,361 305,076 250,552 0 36,800

Maryland.................... 5,563,724 3,287,242 1,319,832 676,945 418,611 567,355 0 304,498 1,927,389 1,382,428 331,231 349,093

Massachusetts........... 3,872,944 2,518,005 927,714 337,902 254,627 343,008 0 654,754 1,260,178 1,068,344 0 94,761

Michigan .................... 9,656,724 8,385,989 3,026,921 1,250,984 473,162 976,921 2,220,551 437,450 1,067,364 1,825,548 605,773 203,372

Minnesota .................. 4,473,365 2,611,869 1,176,967 444,611 342,604 412,219 0 235,467 1,598,782 1,367,277 0 262,714

Mississippi ................. 3,642,542 1,965,838 435,291 419,302 173,831 221,392 594,933 121,090 1,471,111 984,810 55,670 205,593

Missouri ..................... 4,119,133 2,686,115 877,554 241,738 186,830 632,488 576,555 170,951 1,308,625 986,891 146,038 124,393

Montana..................... 971,082 618,776 234,865 172,815 40,802 79,893 0 90,401 299,113 196,192 8,017 53,192

Nebraska ................... 2,031,530 1,041,093 318,803 193,757 143,717 244,716 28,115 111,985 941,482 633,652 100,596 48,955

Nevada ...................... 1,315,508 670,506 284,888 153,263 61,728 93,179 0 77,447 628,459 608,602 0 16,543

New Hampshire ......... 796,892 628,332 300,228 77,140 49,221 180,704 0 21,038 108,968 131,584 0 59,592

New Jersey ................ 6,530,236 4,189,399 1,682,446 444,129 499,806 483,146 863,175 216,697 2,230,788 1,527,419 216,991 110,049

New Mexico ............... 3,064,303 1,778,012 208,370 413,227 216,239 122,913 574,495 242,768 1,169,268 824,101 113,956 117,023

New York.................... 13,516,877 6,443,804 2,058,023 712,597 973,276 822,598 1,723,164 154,146 6,464,681 4,414,596 730,623 608,393

North Carolina ........... 8,453,629 3,640,354 1,224,980 694,656 312,715 1,274,265 0 133,739 4,312,747 3,301,440 196,114 500,528

North Dakota ............. 934,159 588,641 240,179 146,082 47,688 94,956 0 59,736 311,266 243,119 2,131 34,252

Ohio ........................... 9,997,962 7,467,309 2,784,637 677,003 609,467 903,915 2,111,808 380,478 2,161,187 2,131,926 144,413 369,466

Oklahoma .................. 3,616,680 2,012,718 675,345 235,365 293,710 371,215 53,301 383,782 1,419,923 953,077 44,518 184,039

Oregon....................... 4,707,674 3,358,542 793,142 635,914 308,434 370,051 1,063,070 187,932 1,187,790 565,110 180,757 161,342

Pennsylvania.............. 9,721,818 8,113,786 3,184,887 1,083,689 424,078 890,739 2,027,702 502,691 1,514,124 1,437,979 116,313 93,907

Rhode Island ............. 701,969 454,653 239,369 67,064 25,631 95,547 0 27,042 185,589 147,023 0 61,728

South Carolina........... 3,577,475 2,309,087 1,010,951 372,419 338,539 336,812 0 250,366 1,153,916 664,787 59,937 114,472

South Dakota............. 719,986 433,580 170,002 102,915 39,672 52,849 0 68,143 242,057 167,323 0 44,349

Tennessee ................. 3,710,659 1,774,261 751,693 307,592 288,746 258,302 0 167,928 1,654,331 1,168,300 4,971 282,067

Texas ......................... 20,851,090 11,307,824 3,665,026 2,090,895 1,678,219 1,054,742 1,148,397 1,670,545 5,304,053 5,427,478 1,327,613 4,239,213

Utah ........................... 4,036,414 2,823,002 488,599 324,527 127,930 178,488 1,067,747 635,711 944,124 724,434 0 269,288

Vermont ..................... 621,156 575,714 300,843 122,228 33,324 97,136 0 22,182 36,627 68,624 0 8,816

Virginia....................... 6,672,199 4,828,576 1,754,797 757,710 193,010 981,866 990,621 150,573 1,335,501 1,656,467 1,834 508,122

Washington................ 6,748,641 4,582,051 1,144,471 1,036,602 607,271 476,906 988,370 328,431 1,545,710 1,572,975 0 620,880

West Virginia.............. 1,585,490 995,933 446,584 134,950 175,039 190,907 0 48,452 540,477 420,838 169 49,080

Wisconsin .................. 5,893,329 3,157,686 1,097,111 710,233 360,504 460,355 0 529,482 2,277,161 1,138,454 716,434 458,482

Wyoming.................... 741,381 244,829 65,203 54,587 40,573 51,538 0 32,927 367,894 317,785 37,929 128,658

U.S. Service 

Academies........... 1,922,632 305,385 1,171 113,944 3,653 73,984 112,633 0 1,609,097 0 0 8,150

Other jurisdictions 1,724,513 414,874 86,134 174,285 47,855 17,915 55,532 33,153 1,280,127 1,002,653 50,688 29,512

American Samoa....... 16,331 7,284 2,664 4,092 0 528 0 0 9,047 0 0 0

Federated States 

of Micronesia ......... 23,549 7,401 963 4,698 0 1,483 0 257 16,148 0 0 0

Guam......................... 111,460 47,876 12,583 24,218 1,858 3,108 0 6,108 63,584 32,952 15,834 0

Marshall Islands......... 12,901 1,009 399 0 0 521 0 89 6,892 2,000 0 5,000

Northern Marianas .... 17,477 10,206 2,048 6,934 0 1,184 0 40 7,271 5,563 0 0

Palau.......................... 11,014 6,043 1,261 3,462 741 278 0 301 4,669 2,342 0 301

Puerto Rico................ 1,458,141 300,807 54,122 116,036 42,990 6,037 55,532 26,090 1,136,574 959,797 3,408 20,760

U.S. Virgin Islands ..... 73,640 34,247 12,095 14,845 2,265 4,775 0 267 35,943 0 31,446 3,450
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 517

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NOTE: Data for 1990–91 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher

degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-

year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees.

(See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Includes data for public institutions reporting data according to either the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) or the

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) questionnaire. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1990–91 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Finance

Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY91–96), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 365. Appropriations from state and local governments for public degree-granting institutions, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1990–91 through 2008–09

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

State appropriations Local appropriations 

1990–91 2000–01 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 1990–91 2000–01 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States .... $35,898,653 $56,268,990 $58,720,088 $63,204,939 $68,375,062 $65,486,232 $3,159,789 $5,582,287 $8,249,690 $8,818,685 $9,319,219 $9,787,019

Alabama .................... 708,191 991,302 1,302,342 1,532,416 1,777,102 1,422,961 6,796 4,829 733 10 0 13,011

Alaska........................ 168,395 190,650 252,512 287,414 328,490 320,770 260 10,340 0 0 6,955 8,005

Arizona ...................... 591,656 903,196 1,015,117 1,151,631 1,230,384 1,062,586 149,337 310,762 562,474 635,756 671,580 706,572

Arkansas.................... 315,372 583,794 639,745 682,379 749,809 742,037 216 9,496 23,269 24,579 27,250 27,823

California ................... 5,313,052 7,891,669 8,275,470 9,233,141 9,782,352 8,521,074 771,160 1,764,717 2,218,323 2,340,897 2,415,087 2,473,159

Colorado .................... 423,710 655,037 15,436 16,918 27,352 36,200 22,400 36,840 54,422 61,730 73,247 74,301

Connecticut................ 363,427 664,356 814,255 891,977 975,581 989,31000000 0

Delaware.................... 115,729 193,695 218,634 231,428 238,239 223,207 0 0 0 0 0 0

District of Columbia ... 0 3,019 6,554 6,516 7,549 7,671 73,495 46,933 61,266 62,636 62,770 62,070

Florida........................ 1,638,218 2,656,376 3,186,756 3,632,755 3,649,036 3,396,175 1,850 2 0 0 0 0

Georgia...................... 915,303 1,826,961 1,959,504 2,065,879 2,276,656 2,139,000 25,705 21,615 0 0 437 0

Hawaii........................ 304,131 395,884 430,451 514,988 690,625 585,499 0 0 0 0 0 0

Idaho.......................... 177,918 290,746 338,143 351,950 369,740 376,123 6,161 11,148 7,633 8,198 9,076 12,188

Illinois......................... 1,296,895 1,760,300 1,602,641 1,671,782 1,714,574 1,749,634 284,635 520,136 768,509 795,108 862,300 922,697

Indiana....................... 886,124 1,257,919 1,338,901 1,359,913 1,429,095 1,463,735 1,507 6,190 7,379 7,460 7,862 9,486

Iowa ........................... 544,945 813,805 798,961 831,047 911,645 893,101 21,624 36,129 73,502 80,541 79,855 90,427

Kansas....................... 437,413 664,201 725,777 759,922 794,575 772,802 87,026 160,873 211,593 219,384 229,974 230,758

Kentucky .................... 617,915 939,047 1,014,939 1,045,794 1,063,063 1,028,163 4,682 14,930 12,035 12,857 14,060 14,494

Louisiana ................... 566,798 834,643 1,084,984 1,270,820 1,455,270 1,447,049 1,462 517000 0

Maine......................... 174,737 212,144 231,890 243,198 257,003 250,552 0 0 0 0 0 0

Maryland.................... 724,223 999,723 1,078,966 1,225,201 1,338,598 1,382,428 117,913 185,034 253,486 283,634 311,560 331,231

Massachusetts........... 471,368 1,038,998 1,039,187 1,143,743 1,224,381 1,068,344 0 0 0 0 0 0

Michigan .................... 1,326,884 1,991,098 1,771,921 1,610,778 1,967,204 1,825,548 159,202 288,112 535,401 575,550 602,296 605,773

Minnesota .................. 744,381 1,174,797 1,194,106 1,237,370 1,392,652 1,367,277 2,0400000 0

Mississippi ................. 365,574 758,242 774,001 877,807 1,016,787 984,810 25,670 38,167 57,539 58,166 43,608 55,670

Missouri ..................... 563,430 945,746 868,899 891,523 950,546 986,891 38,097 101,562 128,638 133,449 140,624 146,038

Montana..................... 110,199 137,341 154,770 157,125 183,291 196,192 3,310 4,069 6,283 6,781 6,966 8,017

Nebraska ................... 318,482 514,235 532,258 568,781 601,076 633,652 36,569 19,892 78,470 84,249 93,493 100,596

Nevada ...................... 161,581 333,117 524,701 582,558 613,100 608,602 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Hampshire ......... 71,226 96,157 114,557 119,078 127,667 131,584 6 0 0 0 0 0

New Jersey ................ 854,989 1,246,554 1,644,413 1,565,374 1,605,917 1,527,419 145,010 172,667 195,502 203,338 210,209 216,991

New Mexico ............... 307,083 538,822 679,588 741,110 860,988 824,101 34,364 60,183 92,644 92,000 108,045 113,956

New York.................... 2,313,128 4,461,671 3,500,566 4,021,727 4,262,790 4,414,596 372,650 431,415 622,550 651,770 689,261 730,623

North Carolina ........... 1,351,111 2,221,600 2,815,090 3,190,505 3,502,291 3,301,440 62,785 113,448 156,171 170,547 185,257 196,114

North Dakota ............. 129,986 188,047 195,040 209,801 225,028 243,119 9 21 1,786 1,959 2,083 2,131

Ohio ........................... 1,360,141 1,922,571 1,848,717 1,881,090 1,972,173 2,131,926 63,899 101,647 126,530 133,803 141,039 144,413

Oklahoma .................. 473,898 754,540 782,847 886,467 932,134 953,077 12,822 28,367 38,081 46,846 44,626 44,518

Oregon....................... 377,476 640,347 657,011 581,557 779,394 565,110 118,499 106,436 161,438 167,657 171,928 180,757

Pennsylvania.............. 962,121 1,331,544 1,371,792 1,438,787 1,471,509 1,437,979 62,794 94,338 111,721 117,397 117,768 116,313

Rhode Island ............. 113,614 157,137 172,703 175,497 167,557 147,02300000 0

South Carolina........... 578,794 853,139 715,967 804,836 863,770 664,787 18,670 36,060 50,592 53,058 56,196 59,937

South Dakota............. 81,859 129,680 153,928 164,247 171,461 167,323 0 0 0 165 0 0

Tennessee ................. 663,536 969,316 1,081,753 1,154,530 1,251,995 1,168,300 1,779 3,824 4,326 4,749 5,019 4,971

Texas ......................... 2,627,916 4,236,852 4,658,611 4,717,666 5,265,444 5,427,478 210,934 439,342 971,351 1,093,086 1,205,186 1,327,613

Utah ........................... 304,738 531,975 669,271 707,415 788,853 724,434 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vermont ..................... 40,997 53,605 63,740 70,244 70,697 68,624 4 0 0 0 0 0

Virginia....................... 886,208 1,395,308 1,482,002 1,618,445 1,719,145 1,656,467 973 1,570 1,934 2,261 2,026 1,834

Washington................ 828,700 1,200,392 1,315,804 1,403,518 1,554,111 1,572,975 2,470 0 33 0 0 0

West Virginia.............. 263,269 382,269 355,870 374,863 401,636 420,838 574 503 0 273 197 169

Wisconsin .................. 841,192 1,186,415 1,019,374 1,039,886 1,079,275 1,138,454 197,712 379,648 621,514 650,880 682,752 716,434

Wyoming.................... 120,623 149,009 229,620 261,541 285,453 317,785 12,721 20,525 32,562 37,910 38,627 37,929

U.S. Service 

Academies........... 00000000000 0

Other jurisdictions 337,393 709,473 913,597 943,527 993,118 1,002,653 12,724 20,612 45,878 47,193 49,328 50,688

American Samoa....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Federated States 

of Micronesia ......... 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 3,327 0 0 0 0

Guam......................... 28,283 29,122 29,684 32,142 31,776 32,952 10,028 12,826 13,827 14,221 15,214 15,834

Marshall Islands......... 0 1,924 0 1,988 1,988 2,000 0 0 2,000 0 0 0

Northern Marianas .... 0 9,055 7,270 5,948 5,869 5,56300000 0

Palau.......................... 644 2,345 2,385 2,385 2,334 2,342 0 0 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico................ 277,295 647,623 874,258 901,064 951,150 959,797 2,375 4,459 2,996 3,057 3,096 3,408

U.S. Virgin Islands ..... 31,170 19,365 0 0 0 0 320 0 27,055 29,915 31,018 31,446
518 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 366. Total revenue of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of institution: 1999–2000 through 

2008–09

Type of institution 

and year

Total revenue and investment return, by source of funds

Total

Student

tuition and

fees (net of

allowances)

Federal

appropriations,

grants, and

contracts1

State appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Local appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Private gifts,

grants, and

contracts2

Investment

return

(gain or loss)

Educational

activities

Auxiliary

enterprises Hospitals Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

In thousands of current dollars

All institutions

1999–2000....................... $120,625,806 $29,651,812 $12,191,827 $1,117,742 $580,237 $16,488,984 $37,763,518 $2,865,606 $8,317,607 $7,208,600 $4,439,874

2000–01........................... 82,174,492 31,318,106 13,378,019 1,176,060 508,365 15,859,313 -3,602,326 3,468,680 8,742,610 7,126,343 4,199,323

2001–02........................... 84,346,652 33,499,121 14,790,235 1,303,772 493,158 15,394,353 -6,545,330 3,220,868 9,317,922 8,083,935 4,788,618

2002–03........................... 105,672,753 36,019,267 16,625,072 1,514,087 474,889 14,380,351 9,340,400 3,056,259 9,833,972 8,942,047 5,486,409

2003–04........................... 134,230,762 38,505,631 18,335,784 1,455,556 485,717 15,847,571 30,896,917 3,290,420 10,325,606 9,657,753 5,429,805

2004–05........................... 140,150,716 41,394,424 19,699,204 1,469,912 488,010 16,738,916 30,431,521 3,595,559 10,823,963 10,377,808 5,131,401

2005–06........................... 152,744,665 44,263,227 19,683,291 1,558,741 517,109 18,346,525 35,634,520 3,716,409 11,610,762 11,536,658 5,877,423

2006–07........................... 182,381,275 47,481,431 20,193,637 1,626,429 538,942 20,193,231 55,907,662 4,105,289 12,291,973 12,636,904 7,405,779

2007–08........................... 139,250,857 50,736,003 20,204,523 1,857,422 528,466 20,991,936 6,446,982 4,849,728 12,928,521 13,299,928 7,407,348

2008–09........................... 69,064,329 53,707,913 21,023,733 1,816,429 574,856 17,671,730 -64,205,252 4,791,466 13,559,084 14,802,999 5,321,371

4–year

1999–2000....................... 119,708,625 29,257,523 12,133,829 1,098,961 574,746 16,346,616 37,698,219 2,837,784 8,261,507 7,208,600 4,290,841

2000–01........................... 81,568,928 30,996,381 13,318,572 1,156,503 503,002 15,788,869 -3,623,323 3,452,731 8,703,316 7,125,648 4,147,227

2001–02........................... 83,764,907 33,165,965 14,708,582 1,280,787 490,596 15,328,974 -6,547,915 3,206,440 9,263,171 8,083,935 4,784,371

2002–03........................... 105,064,157 35,676,736 16,515,854 1,487,604 470,126 14,319,622 9,338,684 3,041,307 9,779,275 8,942,047 5,492,904

2003–04........................... 133,594,668 38,181,648 18,236,313 1,423,269 480,104 15,789,672 30,854,091 3,277,767 10,287,215 9,657,753 5,406,836

2004–05........................... 139,528,763 41,045,608 19,622,002 1,446,643 484,379 16,671,017 30,408,545 3,581,869 10,784,161 10,377,808 5,106,733

2005–06........................... 152,150,193 43,944,766 19,607,858 1,530,038 515,776 18,288,085 35,603,805 3,699,630 11,573,115 11,536,658 5,850,463

2006–07........................... 181,853,949 47,211,041 20,137,112 1,606,890 537,460 20,143,850 55,857,220 4,097,001 12,253,297 12,636,904 7,373,173

2007–08........................... 138,749,560 50,431,352 20,143,833 1,834,505 527,006 20,938,774 6,459,197 4,838,649 12,890,431 13,299,928 7,385,886

2008–09........................... 68,617,694 53,408,932 20,964,805 1,795,981 574,235 17,625,407 -64,173,065 4,785,951 13,522,267 14,802,999 5,310,181

2–year

1999–2000....................... 917,181 394,289 57,998 18,781 5,491 142,368 65,299 27,822 56,100 0 149,033

2000–01........................... 605,564 321,724 59,446 19,557 5,363 70,444 20,996 15,949 39,294 694 52,096

2001–02........................... 581,745 333,156 81,653 22,985 2,562 65,379 2,585 14,429 54,750 0 4,246

2002–03........................... 608,596 342,531 109,217 26,483 4,764 60,729 1,716 14,953 54,697 0 -6,495

2003–04........................... 636,094 323,983 99,471 32,287 5,613 57,900 42,826 12,653 38,391 0 22,969

2004–05........................... 621,953 348,815 77,202 23,269 3,631 67,899 22,976 13,690 39,802 0 24,668

2005–06........................... 594,473 318,460 75,433 28,703 1,333 58,441 30,716 16,778 37,648 0 26,960

2006–07........................... 527,327 270,389 56,525 19,539 1,482 49,381 50,442 8,288 38,675 0 32,606

2007–08........................... 501,297 304,651 60,689 22,917 1,460 53,162 -12,214 11,080 38,091 0 21,462

2008–09........................... 446,635 298,981 58,927 20,448 621 46,323 -32,187 5,515 36,816 0 11,191

Percentage distribution

All institutions

1999–2000....................... 100.00 24.58 10.11 0.93 0.48 13.67 31.31 2.38 6.90 5.98 3.68

2000–01........................... 100.00 38.11 16.28 1.43 0.62 19.30 -4.38 4.22 10.64 8.67 5.11

2001–02........................... 100.00 39.72 17.54 1.55 0.58 18.25 -7.76 3.82 11.05 9.58 5.68

2002–03........................... 100.00 34.09 15.73 1.43 0.45 13.61 8.84 2.89 9.31 8.46 5.19

2003–04........................... 100.00 28.69 13.66 1.08 0.36 11.81 23.02 2.45 7.69 7.19 4.05

2004–05........................... 100.00 29.54 14.06 1.05 0.35 11.94 21.71 2.57 7.72 7.40 3.66

2005–06........................... 100.00 28.98 12.89 1.02 0.34 12.01 23.33 2.43 7.60 7.55 3.85

2006–07........................... 100.00 26.03 11.07 0.89 0.30 11.07 30.65 2.25 6.74 6.93 4.06

2007–08........................... 100.00 36.43 14.51 1.33 0.38 15.07 4.63 3.48 9.28 9.55 5.32

2008–09........................... 100.00 77.77 30.44 2.63 0.83 25.59 -92.96 6.94 19.63 21.43 7.70

4–year

1999–2000....................... 100.00 24.44 10.14 0.92 0.48 13.66 31.49 2.37 6.90 6.02 3.58

2000–01........................... 100.00 38.00 16.33 1.42 0.62 19.36 -4.44 4.23 10.67 8.74 5.08

2001–02........................... 100.00 39.59 17.56 1.53 0.59 18.30 -7.82 3.83 11.06 9.65 5.71

2002–03........................... 100.00 33.96 15.72 1.42 0.45 13.63 8.89 2.89 9.31 8.51 5.23

2003–04........................... 100.00 28.58 13.65 1.07 0.36 11.82 23.10 2.45 7.70 7.23 4.05

2004–05........................... 100.00 29.42 14.06 1.04 0.35 11.95 21.79 2.57 7.73 7.44 3.66

2005–06........................... 100.00 28.88 12.89 1.01 0.34 12.02 23.40 2.43 7.61 7.58 3.85

2006–07........................... 100.00 25.96 11.07 0.88 0.30 11.08 30.72 2.25 6.74 6.95 4.05

2007–08........................... 100.00 36.35 14.52 1.32 0.38 15.09 4.66 3.49 9.29 9.59 5.32

2008–09........................... 100.00 77.84 30.55 2.62 0.84 25.69 -93.52 6.97 19.71 21.57 7.74

2–year

1999–2000....................... 100.00 42.99 6.32 2.05 0.60 15.52 7.12 3.03 6.12 0.00 16.25

2000–01........................... 100.00 53.13 9.82 3.23 0.89 11.63 3.47 2.63 6.49 0.11 8.60

2001–02........................... 100.00 57.27 14.04 3.95 0.44 11.24 0.44 2.48 9.41 0.00 0.73

2002–03........................... 100.00 56.28 17.95 4.35 0.78 9.98 0.28 2.46 8.99 0.00 -1.07

2003–04........................... 100.00 50.93 15.64 5.08 0.88 9.10 6.73 1.99 6.04 0.00 3.61

2004–05........................... 100.00 56.08 12.41 3.74 0.58 10.92 3.69 2.20 6.40 0.00 3.97

2005–06........................... 100.00 53.57 12.69 4.83 0.22 9.83 5.17 2.82 6.33 0.00 4.54

2006–07........................... 100.00 51.28 10.72 3.71 0.28 9.36 9.57 1.57 7.33 0.00 6.18

2007–08........................... 100.00 60.77 12.11 4.57 0.29 10.60 -2.44 2.21 7.60 0.00 4.28

2008–09........................... 100.00 66.94 13.19 4.58 0.14 10.37 -7.21 1.23 8.24 0.00 2.51

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 519

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes independent operations.

2Includes contributions from affiliated entities.

3Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1999–2000 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall

Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:99) and “Finance Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY99), and Spring

2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

All institutions

1999–2000....................... $47,511 $11,679 $4,802 $440 $229 $6,494 $14,874 $1,129 $3,276 $2,839 $1,749

2000–01........................... 31,737 12,095 5,167 454 196 6,125 -1,391 1,340 3,376 2,752 1,622

2001–02........................... 31,876 12,660 5,589 493 186 5,818 -2,474 1,217 3,521 3,055 1,810

2002–03........................... 38,645 13,173 6,080 554 174 5,259 3,416 1,118 3,596 3,270 2,006

2003–04........................... 47,917 13,746 6,545 520 173 5,657 11,029 1,175 3,686 3,448 1,938

2004–05........................... 48,842 14,426 6,865 512 170 5,833 10,605 1,253 3,772 3,617 1,788

2005–06........................... 52,506 15,215 6,766 536 178 6,307 12,249 1,278 3,991 3,966 2,020

2006–07........................... 61,586 16,033 6,819 549 182 6,819 18,879 1,386 4,151 4,267 2,501

2007–08........................... 45,871 16,713 6,656 612 174 6,915 2,124 1,598 4,259 4,381 2,440

2008–09........................... 22,404 17,422 6,820 589 186 5,733 -20,828 1,554 4,398 4,802 1,726

4–year

1999–2000....................... 48,160 11,771 4,882 442 231 6,576 15,166 1,142 3,324 2,900 1,726

2000–01........................... 31,995 12,158 5,224 454 197 6,193 -1,421 1,354 3,414 2,795 1,627

2001–02........................... 32,129 12,721 5,642 491 188 5,880 -2,512 1,230 3,553 3,101 1,835

2002–03........................... 38,939 13,223 6,121 551 174 5,307 3,461 1,127 3,624 3,314 2,036

2003–04........................... 48,299 13,804 6,593 515 174 5,708 11,155 1,185 3,719 3,492 1,955

2004–05........................... 49,216 14,478 6,921 510 171 5,880 10,726 1,263 3,804 3,661 1,801

2005–06........................... 52,870 15,270 6,813 532 179 6,355 12,372 1,286 4,021 4,009 2,033

2006–07........................... 61,940 16,080 6,859 547 183 6,861 19,025 1,395 4,174 4,304 2,511

2007–08........................... 46,116 16,762 6,695 610 175 6,959 2,147 1,608 4,284 4,420 2,455

2008–09........................... 22,448 17,473 6,859 588 188 5,766 -20,994 1,566 4,424 4,843 1,737

2–year

1999–2000....................... 17,220 7,403 1,089 353 103 2,673 1,226 522 1,053 0 2,798

2000–01........................... 15,214 8,083 1,494 491 135 1,770 528 401 987 17 1,309

2001–02........................... 14,936 8,553 2,096 590 66 1,679 66 370 1,406 0 109

2002–03........................... 16,784 9,446 3,012 730 131 1,675 47 412 1,508 0 -179

2003–04........................... 18,013 9,174 2,817 914 159 1,640 1,213 358 1,087 0 650

2004–05........................... 18,062 10,130 2,242 676 105 1,972 667 398 1,156 0 716

2005–06........................... 19,004 10,181 2,411 918 43 1,868 982 536 1,204 0 862

2006–07........................... 20,719 10,624 2,221 768 58 1,940 1,982 326 1,520 0 1,281

2007–08........................... 18,574 11,288 2,249 849 54 1,970 -453 411 1,411 0 795

2008–09........................... 17,203 11,516 2,270 788 24 1,784 -1,240 212 1,418 0 431

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2008–09 dollars3

All institutions

1999–2000....................... $60,242 $14,809 $6,089 $558 $290 $8,235 $18,860 $1,431 $4,154 $3,600 $2,217

2000–01........................... 38,908 14,829 6,334 557 241 7,509 -1,706 1,642 4,139 3,374 1,988

2001–02........................... 38,399 15,251 6,733 594 225 7,008 -2,980 1,466 4,242 3,680 2,180

2002–03........................... 45,553 15,527 7,167 653 205 6,199 4,026 1,317 4,239 3,855 2,365

2003–04........................... 55,273 15,856 7,550 599 200 6,526 12,723 1,355 4,252 3,977 2,236

2004–05........................... 54,694 16,154 7,688 574 190 6,532 11,876 1,403 4,224 4,050 2,003

2005–06........................... 56,639 16,413 7,299 578 192 6,803 13,214 1,378 4,305 4,278 2,179

2006–07........................... 64,760 16,860 7,170 578 191 7,170 19,852 1,458 4,365 4,487 2,630

2007–08........................... 46,511 16,946 6,749 620 177 7,012 2,153 1,620 4,318 4,442 2,474

2008–09........................... 22,404 17,422 6,820 589 186 5,733 -20,828 1,554 4,398 4,802 1,726

4–year

1999–2000....................... 61,065 14,925 6,190 561 293 8,339 19,231 1,448 4,214 3,677 2,189

2000–01........................... 39,225 14,905 6,405 556 242 7,592 -1,742 1,660 4,185 3,427 1,994

2001–02........................... 38,704 15,325 6,796 592 227 7,083 -3,026 1,482 4,280 3,735 2,211

2002–03........................... 45,899 15,586 7,215 650 205 6,256 4,080 1,329 4,272 3,906 2,400

2003–04........................... 55,713 15,923 7,605 594 200 6,585 12,867 1,367 4,290 4,028 2,255

2004–05........................... 55,112 16,213 7,750 571 191 6,585 12,011 1,415 4,260 4,099 2,017

2005–06........................... 57,032 16,472 7,350 574 193 6,855 13,346 1,387 4,338 4,324 2,193

2006–07........................... 65,132 16,909 7,212 576 192 7,215 20,006 1,467 4,389 4,526 2,641

2007–08........................... 46,760 16,996 6,789 618 178 7,057 2,177 1,631 4,344 4,482 2,489

2008–09........................... 22,448 17,473 6,859 588 188 5,766 -20,994 1,566 4,424 4,843 1,737

2–year

1999–2000....................... 21,834 9,386 1,381 447 131 3,389 1,555 662 1,336 0 3,548

2000–01........................... 18,652 9,909 1,831 602 165 2,170 647 491 1,210 21 1,605

2001–02........................... 17,992 10,304 2,525 711 79 2,022 80 446 1,693 0 131

2002–03........................... 19,784 11,135 3,550 861 155 1,974 56 486 1,778 0 -211

2003–04........................... 20,778 10,583 3,249 1,055 183 1,891 1,399 413 1,254 0 750

2004–05........................... 20,226 11,344 2,511 757 118 2,208 747 445 1,294 0 802

2005–06........................... 20,500 10,982 2,601 990 46 2,015 1,059 579 1,298 0 930

2006–07........................... 21,787 11,171 2,335 807 61 2,040 2,084 342 1,598 0 1,347

2007–08........................... 18,833 11,446 2,280 861 55 1,997 -459 416 1,431 0 806

2008–09........................... 17,203 11,516 2,270 788 24 1,784 -1,240 212 1,418 0 431

Table 366. Total revenue of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of institution: 1999–2000 through 

2008–09—Continued

Type of institution 

and year

Total revenue and investment return, by source of funds

Total

Student

tuition and

fees (net of

allowances)

Federal

appropriations,

grants, and

contracts1

State appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Local appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Private gifts,

grants, and

contracts2

Investment

return

(gain or loss)

Educational

activities

Auxiliary

enterprises Hospitals Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
520 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes independent operations.

2Includes contributions from affiliated entities.

3Research universities with a very high level of research activity.

4Research universities with a high level of research activity. 5Includes institutions that award at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but did not have high levels of research activity.

6Master’s institutions award at least 50 master’s degrees per year. 7Baccalaureate institutions primarily emphasize undergraduate education. Also includes institutions classified as 4-year under the IPEDS system, which had been classified as 2-year in the

Carnegie classification system because they primarily award associate’s degrees.

8Special-focus 4-year institutions award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as medicine, business, fine arts, theology, and engineering.

9Tribally controlled colleges are located on reservations and are members of the American Indian

Higher Education Consortium.

NOTE: Relative levels of research activity for research universities were determined by an analysis of research and development expenditures, science and engineering research staffing, and

doctoral degrees conferred, by field. Further information on the research index ranking may be

obtained from http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/index.asp?key=798#related.

Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal

financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009 and Spring 2010. (This

table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 367. Total revenue of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of institution: 2008–09

Type of institution

Total revenue and investment return, by source of funds

Total

Student

tuition and

fees (net of

allowances)

Federal

appropriations,

grants, and

contracts1

State appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Local appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Private gifts,

grants, and

contracts2

Investment

return

(gain or loss)

Educational

activities

Auxiliary

enterprises Hospitals Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

In thousands of current dollars

Total.......................................... $69,064,329 $53,707,913 $21,023,733 $1,816,429 $574,856 $17,671,730 -$64,205,252 $4,791,466 $13,559,084 $14,802,999 $5,321,371

4-year................................................ 68,617,694 53,408,932 20,964,805 1,795,981 574,235 17,625,407 -64,173,065 4,785,951 13,522,267 14,802,999 5,310,181

Research university, very high3 ..... 15,892,490 11,006,167 15,792,967 738,383 284,980 8,363,759 -41,733,362 3,395,899 3,546,169 11,565,774 2,931,755

Research university, high4............. 7,738,871 5,161,542 1,271,649 178,972 26,882 1,457,130 -3,301,493 611,527 1,405,597 487,953 439,113

Doctoral/research5 ........................ 5,902,169 5,457,424 203,460 101,704 10,780 599,193 -1,674,043 68,535 886,976 0 248,140

Master’s6 ....................................... 19,578,271 16,184,893 1,037,592 321,406 12,211 1,806,778 -3,830,847 148,878 3,227,395 150,413 519,553

Baccalaureate7.............................. 8,475,847 10,527,115 727,971 255,108 3,752 3,276,652 -10,531,968 153,600 3,739,925 0 323,692

Specialized institutions8 ................ 11,030,045 5,071,791 1,931,166 200,409 235,629 2,121,896 -3,101,351 407,512 716,206 2,598,859 847,928

Art, music, or design ................. 1,372,835 1,257,582 34,481 15,567 3,617 239,406 -429,452 21,994 190,470 0 39,171

Business and management ...... 513,193 413,300 13,844 5,172 0 73,050 -88,767 5,008 79,360 0 12,227

Engineering or technology ........ 84,425 233,997 12,115 1,943 0 25,613 -241,078 657 43,311 0 7,866

Law............................................ 481,102 510,595 8,941 2,167 297 23,889 -86,505 1,015 15,258 0 5,445

Medical or other health ............. 7,707,157 1,956,183 1,748,123 161,256 225,788 1,086,146 -1,292,075 348,188 171,886 2,598,859 702,803

Theological................................ 600,601 486,092 62,030 4,059 311 619,855 -827,072 15,393 185,778 0 54,155

Tribal9 ........................................ 65,547 4,987 45,101 2,942 507 1,321 -121 340 1,664 0 8,807

Other specialized ...................... 205,186 209,055 6,532 7,303 5,110 52,616 -136,282 14,918 28,478 0 17,455

2-year................................................ 446,635 298,981 58,927 20,448 621 46,323 -32,187 5,515 36,816 0 11,191

Associate’s of arts......................... 412,093 297,006 32,141 19,869 202 44,966 -32,264 5,515 34,465 0 10,194

Tribal9 ............................................ 34,542 1,975 26,787 579 419 1,357 77 0 2,351 0 997

Percentage distribution

Total.......................................... 100.00 77.77 30.44 2.63 0.83 25.59 -92.96 6.94 19.63 21.43 7.70

4-year................................................ 100.00 77.84 30.55 2.62 0.84 25.69 -93.52 6.97 19.71 21.57 7.74

Research university, very high3 ..... 100.00 69.25 99.37 4.65 1.79 52.63 -262.60 21.37 22.31 72.78 18.45

Research university, high4............. 100.00 66.70 16.43 2.31 0.35 18.83 -42.66 7.90 18.16 6.31 5.67

Doctoral/research5 ........................ 100.00 92.46 3.45 1.72 0.18 10.15 -28.36 1.16 15.03 0.00 4.20

Master’s6 ....................................... 100.00 82.67 5.30 1.64 0.06 9.23 -19.57 0.76 16.48 0.77 2.65

Baccalaureate7.............................. 100.00 124.20 8.59 3.01 0.04 38.66 -124.26 1.81 44.12 0.00 3.82

Specialized institutions8 ................ 100.00 45.98 17.51 1.82 2.14 19.24 -28.12 3.69 6.49 23.56 7.69

Art, music, or design ................. 100.00 91.60 2.51 1.13 0.26 17.44 -31.28 1.60 13.87 0.00 2.85

Business and management ...... 100.00 80.53 2.70 1.01 0.00 14.23 -17.30 0.98 15.46 0.00 2.38

Engineering or technology ........ 100.00 277.17 14.35 2.30 0.00 30.34 -285.55 0.78 51.30 0.00 9.32

Law............................................ 100.00 106.13 1.86 0.45 0.06 4.97 -17.98 0.21 3.17 0.00 1.13

Medical or other health ............. 100.00 25.38 22.68 2.09 2.93 14.09 -16.76 4.52 2.23 33.72 9.12

Theological................................ 100.00 80.93 10.33 0.68 0.05 103.21 -137.71 2.56 30.93 0.00 9.02

Tribal9 ........................................ 100.00 7.61 68.81 4.49 0.77 2.02 -0.18 0.52 2.54 0.00 13.44

Other specialized ...................... 100.00 101.89 3.18 3.56 2.49 25.64 -66.42 7.27 13.88 0.00 8.51

2-year................................................ 100.00 66.94 13.19 4.58 0.14 10.37 -7.21 1.23 8.24 0.00 2.51

Associate’s of arts......................... 100.00 72.07 7.80 4.82 0.05 10.91 -7.83 1.34 8.36 0.00 2.47

Tribal9 ............................................ 100.00 5.72 77.55 1.68 1.21 3.93 0.22 0.00 6.81 0.00 2.89

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

Total.......................................... $22,404 $17,422 $6,820 $589 $186 $5,733 -$20,828 $1,554 $4,398 $4,802 $1,726

4-year................................................ 22,448 17,473 6,859 588 188 5,766 -20,994 1,566 4,424 4,843 1,737

Research university, very high3 ..... 35,781 24,780 35,557 1,662 642 18,831 -93,961 7,646 7,984 26,040 6,601

Research university, high4............. 28,663 19,117 4,710 663 100 5,397 -12,228 2,265 5,206 1,807 1,626

Doctoral/research5 ........................ 22,229 20,554 766 383 41 2,257 -6,305 258 3,341 0 935

Master’s6 ....................................... 18,509 15,301 981 304 12 1,708 -3,622 141 3,051 142 491

Baccalaureate7.............................. 11,444 14,214 983 344 5 4,424 -14,220 207 5,050 0 437

Specialized institutions8 ................ 39,581 18,200 6,930 719 846 7,614 -11,129 1,462 2,570 9,326 3,043

Art, music, or design ................. 25,031 22,930 629 284 66 4,365 -7,830 401 3,473 0 714

Business and management ...... 16,910 13,618 456 170 0 2,407 -2,925 165 2,615 0 403

Engineering or technology ........ 6,069 16,821 871 140 0 1,841 -17,330 47 3,113 0 565

Law............................................ 29,138 30,925 542 131 18 1,447 -5,239 61 924 0 330

Medical or other health ............. 94,382 23,956 21,408 1,975 2,765 13,301 -15,823 4,264 2,105 31,826 8,607

Theological................................ 8,671 7,018 896 59 4 8,949 -11,940 222 2,682 0 782

Tribal9 ........................................ 25,664 1,953 17,659 1,152 198 517 -47 133 652 0 3,448

Other specialized ...................... 21,429 21,833 682 763 534 5,495 -14,233 1,558 2,974 0 1,823

2-year................................................ 17,203 11,516 2,270 788 24 1,784 -1,240 212 1,418 0 431

Associate’s of arts......................... 16,483 11,880 1,286 795 8 1,799 -1,291 221 1,379 0 408

Tribal9 ............................................ 35,943 2,055 27,874 602 436 1,412 80 0 2,447 0 1,037
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 521

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1999–2000

through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey”

(IPEDS-EF:99) and Spring 2002 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 368. Total revenue of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of institution: Selected years, 1999–2000 

through 2008–09

Type of institution and year

Total revenue and investment return, by source of funds

Total

Student tuition

and fees

(net of

allowances)

Federal

appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

State and local

appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Private

gifts, grants,

and contracts

Investment

return

Educational

activities

Auxiliary

enterprises Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

In thousands of current dollars

All institutions

1999–2000....................................... $4,321,985 $3,721,032 $198,923 $71,904 $2,151 $18,537 $70,672 $156,613 $82,153 2002–03........................................... 7,496,714 6,712,019 282,521 50,265 5,545 15,112 92,380 250,712 88,160 2003–04........................................... 8,989,815 8,049,205 397,828 59,112 7,079 16,813 139,125 238,735 81,918

2004–05........................................... 10,979,154 9,566,692 673,950 63,227 7,138 24,526 231,957 252,199 159,465 2005–06........................................... 12,586,553 11,016,780 799,544 67,008 4,108 43,962 195,099 270,433 189,620 2006–07........................................... 13,978,218 12,329,854 726,002 69,944 3,715 48,802 245,526 312,301 242,073

2007–08........................................... 16,083,784 14,029,958 959,684 67,926 4,755 64,848 289,640 351,900 315,073 2008–09........................................... 19,373,779 16,740,041 1,407,615 130,378 80,345 38,707 368,034 395,728 212,930

4–year

1999–2000....................................... 2,381,042 2,050,136 103,865 39,460 1,109 10,340 33,764 102,103 40,266

2002–03........................................... 4,753,546 4,353,233 108,806 9,757 3,064 5,952 58,281 173,027 41,427 2003–04........................................... 6,016,415 5,489,245 196,945 15,076 3,696 10,931 104,314 164,260 31,948

2004–05........................................... 7,692,472 6,864,048 345,810 21,146 4,035 17,332 173,830 201,512 64,760 2005–06........................................... 9,124,105 8,225,732 399,919 31,576 2,851 35,383 160,863 190,409 77,373 2006–07........................................... 10,307,793 9,227,102 446,632 35,145 2,426 37,052 211,132 217,725 130,579

2007–08........................................... 12,174,363 10,751,121 644,062 30,688 2,638 50,771 246,419 269,771 178,894 2008–09........................................... 14,766,008 12,954,629 897,503 80,021 71,601 35,461 327,474 297,764 101,555

2–year

1999–2000....................................... 1,940,943 1,670,896 95,058 32,444 1,042 8,197 36,908 54,510 41,888

2002–03........................................... 2,743,168 2,358,786 173,715 40,508 2,482 9,160 34,099 77,685 46,733 2003–04........................................... 2,973,400 2,559,960 200,883 44,036 3,383 5,882 34,811 74,475 49,970 2004–05........................................... 3,286,682 2,702,644 328,141 42,081 3,103 7,194 58,127 50,687 94,705

2005–06........................................... 3,462,448 2,791,047 399,626 35,431 1,257 8,579 34,236 80,025 112,247 2006–07........................................... 3,670,424 3,102,752 279,370 34,799 1,289 11,750 34,394 94,576 111,494 2007–08........................................... 3,909,421 3,278,837 315,622 37,238 2,117 14,077 43,222 82,129 136,178

2008–09........................................... 4,607,770 3,785,412 510,112 50,358 8,745 3,246 40,560 97,964 111,374

Percentage distribution

All institutions

1999–2000....................................... 100.00 86.10 4.60 1.66 0.05 0.43 1.64 3.62 1.90

2002–03........................................... 100.00 89.53 3.77 0.67 0.07 0.20 1.23 3.34 1.18

2003–04........................................... 100.00 89.54 4.43 0.66 0.08 0.19 1.55 2.66 0.91

2004–05........................................... 100.00 87.14 6.14 0.58 0.07 0.22 2.11 2.30 1.45

2005–06........................................... 100.00 87.53 6.35 0.53 0.03 0.35 1.55 2.15 1.51

2006–07........................................... 100.00 88.21 5.19 0.50 0.03 0.35 1.76 2.23 1.73

2007–08........................................... 100.00 87.23 5.97 0.42 0.03 0.40 1.80 2.19 1.96

2008–09........................................... 100.00 86.41 7.27 0.67 0.41 0.20 1.90 2.04 1.10

4–year

1999–2000....................................... 100.00 86.10 4.36 1.66 0.05 0.43 1.42 4.29 1.69

2002–03........................................... 100.00 91.58 2.29 0.21 0.06 0.13 1.23 3.64 0.87

2003–04........................................... 100.00 91.24 3.27 0.25 0.06 0.18 1.73 2.73 0.53

2004–05........................................... 100.00 89.23 4.50 0.27 0.05 0.23 2.26 2.62 0.84

2005–06........................................... 100.00 90.15 4.38 0.35 0.03 0.39 1.76 2.09 0.85

2006–07........................................... 100.00 89.52 4.33 0.34 0.02 0.36 2.05 2.11 1.27

2007–08........................................... 100.00 88.31 5.29 0.25 0.02 0.42 2.02 2.22 1.47

2008–09........................................... 100.00 87.73 6.08 0.54 0.48 0.24 2.22 2.02 0.69

2–year

1999–2000....................................... 100.00 86.09 4.90 1.67 0.05 0.42 1.90 2.81 2.16

2002–03........................................... 100.00 85.99 6.33 1.48 0.09 0.33 1.24 2.83 1.70

2003–04........................................... 100.00 86.10 6.76 1.48 0.11 0.20 1.17 2.50 1.68

2004–05........................................... 100.00 82.23 9.98 1.28 0.09 0.22 1.77 1.54 2.88

2005–06........................................... 100.00 80.61 11.54 1.02 0.04 0.25 0.99 2.31 3.24

2006–07........................................... 100.00 84.53 7.61 0.95 0.04 0.32 0.94 2.58 3.04

2007–08........................................... 100.00 83.87 8.07 0.95 0.05 0.36 1.11 2.10 3.48

2008–09........................................... 100.00 82.15 11.07 1.09 0.19 0.07 0.88 2.13 2.42

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2008–09 dollars1

All institutions

1999–2000....................................... $14,248 $12,267 $656 $237 $7 $61 $233 $516 $271

2002–03........................................... 16,344 14,633 616 110 12 33 201 547 192 2003–04........................................... 16,027 14,350 709 105 13 30 248 426 146 2004–05........................................... 15,600 13,593 958 90 10 35 330 358 227

2005–06........................................... 15,077 13,197 958 80 5 53 234 324 227

2006–07........................................... 15,579 13,742 809 78 4 54 274 348 270

2007–08........................................... 15,825 13,804 944 67 5 64 285 346 310

2008–09........................................... 15,211 13,143 1,105 102 63 30 289 311 167

4–year

1999–2000....................................... 14,462 12,452 631 240 7 63 205 620 245 2002–03........................................... 16,209 14,844 371 33 10 20 199 590 141

2003–04........................................... 16,251 14,827 532 41 10 30 282 444 86

2004–05........................................... 15,557 13,882 699 43 8 35 352 408 131

2005–06........................................... 14,858 13,395 651 51 5 58 262 310 126

2006–07........................................... 15,394 13,780 667 52 4 55 315 325 195

2007–08........................................... 15,645 13,816 828 39 3 65 317 347 230

2008–09........................................... 15,069 13,220 916 82 73 36 334 304 104

2–year

1999–2000....................................... 13,995 12,048 685 234 8 59 266 393 302 2002–03........................................... 16,583 14,259 1,050 245 15 55 206 470 283 2003–04........................................... 15,592 13,424 1,053 231 18 31 183 391 262

2004–05........................................... 15,701 12,911 1,568 201 15 34 278 242 452 2005–06........................................... 15,688 12,646 1,811 161 6 39 155 363 509

2006–07........................................... 16,124 13,630 1,227 153 6 52 151 415 490

2007–08........................................... 16,410 13,763 1,325 156 9 59 181 345 572

2008–09........................................... 15,685 12,886 1,736 171 30 11 138 333 379
522 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero. 

1Includes institutions that award at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but did not have high

levels of research activity.

2Master’s institutions award at least 50 master’s degrees per year. 

3Baccalaureate institutions primarily emphasize undergraduate education. Also includes institutions classified as 4-year under the IPEDS system, which had been classified as 2-year in

the Carnegie classification system because they primarily award associate’s degrees.

4Special-focus 4-year institutions award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as

medicine, business, fine arts, theology, and engineering.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009 and Spring 2010.

(This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 369. Total revenue of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds and type of institution: 2008–09

Type of institution

Total revenue, by source of funds

Total

Student tuition

and fees (net of

allowances)

Federal

appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

State and local

appropriations,

grants, and

contracts

Private gifts,

grants, and

contracts

Investment

return

(gain or loss)

Educational

activities

Auxiliary

enterprises Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total......................................... $19,373,779 $16,740,041 $1,407,615 $130,378 $80,345 $38,707 $368,034 $395,728 $212,930

4-year............................................... 14,766,008 12,954,629 897,503 80,021 71,601 35,461 327,474 297,764 101,555

Doctoral/research1 ....................... 3,670,327 3,481,777 1,915 756 0 12,604 161,936 270 11,069

Master’s2 ...................................... 2,608,680 2,432,212 1,897 982 32,455 7,441 40,351 60,965 32,377

Baccalaureate3............................. 3,463,263 2,562,747 694,638 29,789 10,103 5,926 66,007 72,363 21,690

Specialized institutions4 ............... 5,023,739 4,477,893 199,053 48,492 29,043 9,490 59,180 164,167 36,420

Art, music, or design ................ 2,280,641 1,952,805 127,750 38,031 5,496 996 12,076 129,778 13,709

Business and management ..... 1,260,531 1,136,441 30,553 3,029 22,777 6,659 24,229 19,282 17,562

Engineering or technology ....... 1,018,513 961,777 28,563 6,595 334 1,562 7,880 10,286 1,515

Law........................................... 106,052 103,045 2,445 0 0 64 393 50 55

Medical or other health ............ 225,474 205,383 9,007 636 100 166 6,687 2,998 496

Other specialized ..................... 132,529 118,440 735 202 335 44 7,916 1,772 3,083

2-year............................................... 4,607,770 3,785,412 510,112 50,358 8,745 3,246 40,560 97,964 111,374

Percentage distribution

Total......................................... 100.00 86.41 7.27 0.67 0.41 0.20 1.90 2.04 1.10

4-year............................................... 100.00 87.73 6.08 0.54 0.48 0.24 2.22 2.02 0.69

Doctoral/research1 ....................... 100.00 94.86 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.34 4.41 0.01 0.30

Master’s2 ...................................... 100.00 93.24 0.07 0.04 1.24 0.29 1.55 2.34 1.24

Baccalaureate3............................. 100.00 74.00 20.06 0.86 0.29 0.17 1.91 2.09 0.63

Specialized institutions4 ............... 100.00 89.13 3.96 0.97 0.58 0.19 1.18 3.27 0.72

Art, music, or design ................ 100.00 85.63 5.60 1.67 0.24 0.04 0.53 5.69 0.60

Business and management ..... 100.00 90.16 2.42 0.24 1.81 0.53 1.92 1.53 1.39

Engineering or technology ....... 100.00 94.43 2.80 0.65 0.03 0.15 0.77 1.01 0.15

Law........................................... 100.00 97.17 2.31 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.37 0.05 0.05

Medical or other health ............ 100.00 91.09 3.99 0.28 0.04 0.07 2.97 1.33 0.22

Other specialized ..................... 100.00 89.37 0.55 0.15 0.25 0.03 5.97 1.34 2.33

2-year............................................... 100.00 82.15 11.07 1.09 0.19 0.07 0.88 2.13 2.42

Revenue per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

Total......................................... $15,211 $13,143 $1,105 $102 $63 $30 $289 $311 $167

4-year............................................... 15,069 13,220 916 82 73 36 334 304 104

Doctoral/research1 ....................... 10,435 9,899 5 2 0 36 460 1 31

Master’s2 ...................................... 15,559 14,507 11 6 194 44 241 364 193

Baccalaureate3............................. 19,079 14,118 3,827 164 56 33 364 399 119

Specialized institutions4 ............... 18,007 16,051 713 174 104 34 212 588 131

Art, music, or design ................ 26,156 22,396 1,465 436 63 11 138 1,488 157

Business and management ..... 10,782 9,721 261 26 195 57 207 165 150

Engineering or technology ....... 19,266 18,192 540 125 6 30 149 195 29

Law........................................... 36,862 35,817 850 0 0 22 137 17 19

Medical or other health ............ 18,339 16,705 733 52 8 14 544 244 40

Other specialized ..................... 19,361 17,303 107 29 49 6 1,157 259 450

2-year............................................... 15,685 12,886 1,736 171 30 11 138 333 379
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 523

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

1Publicly controlled institutions are identified by a “1”; private not-for-profit, by a “2”; and private for-profit, by a “3.”

2Includes federal appropriations, unrestricted and restricted federal contracts and grants,

and revenue for independent operations. Independent operations generally include only

the revenues associated with major federally funded research and development centers.

Federally supported student aid that is received through students is excluded. Data for

public, private not-for-profit, and private for-profit institutions are only roughly comparable

because they were collected using different survey instruments.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010. (This

table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 370. Revenue received from the federal government by the 120 degree-granting institutions receiving the largest amounts, by control and 

rank order: 2008–09

Institution Control1

Rank

order

Revenue

from the

federal

government2

 (in

thousands) Institution Control1

Rank

order

Revenue

from the

federal

government2

 (in

thousands)

1 2 3 41 2 3 4

United States (all institutions) ................................... † † $64,331,668

120 institutions receiving the largest amounts........ † † 40,451,304

California Institute of Technology.......................................... 2 1 2,168,737 University of California, Irvine.............................................. 1 61 241,392

Johns Hopkins University (MD) ............................................ 2 2 1,818,671 Rutgers University, New Brunswick (NJ).............................. 1 62 239,788

University of Chicago (IL) ..................................................... 2 3 1,261,002 Boston University (MA) ........................................................ 2 63 238,488

Massachusetts Institute of Technology................................. 2 4 1,173,648 University of Maryland, Baltimore........................................ 1 64 235,129

University of Washington, Seattle Campus........................... 1 5 890,385 U. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester................. 1 65 229,874

Stanford University (CA) ....................................................... 2 6 825,613 University of Texas Medical Branch ..................................... 1 66 229,025

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ........................................ 1 7 744,107 University of Cincinnati, Main Campus ................................ 1 67 226,659

Columbia University in the City of New York......................... 2 8 698,290 University of Kentucky ......................................................... 1 68 226,625

University of Pennsylvania.................................................... 2 9 681,818 University of Miami (FL)....................................................... 2 69 225,824

University of California, Los Angeles.................................... 1 10 635,913 University of Utah ................................................................ 1 70 225,349

New York University .............................................................. 2 11 625,810 Purdue University, Main Campus (IN).................................. 1 71 224,430

University of California, San Diego....................................... 1 12 613,751 University of Tennessee....................................................... 1 72 222,951

Weill Cornell Medical College (NY) ...................................... 2 13 598,879 Princeton University (NJ)..................................................... 2 73 215,441

United States Air Force Academy (CO)................................ 1 14 576,398 U. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas............ 1 74 213,107

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus (PA)................. 1 15 561,793 Florida State University........................................................ 1 75 208,749

United States Military Academy (NY) ................................... 1 16 560,897 Indiana U.-Purdue U., Indianapolis ...................................... 1 76 205,963

Harvard University (MA) ....................................................... 2 17 558,663 Arizona State University ...................................................... 1 77 200,272

University of Wisconsin, Madison......................................... 1 18 546,501 Colorado State University .................................................... 1 78 200,165

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ........................... 1 19 531,040 University of South Florida, Main Campus .......................... 1 79 195,767

University of California, San Francisco ................................. 1 20 506,352 Georgetown University (DC)................................................ 2 80 192,402

University of Southern California .......................................... 2 21 499,822 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State U. ........................... 1 81 178,993

Duke University (NC) ............................................................ 2 22 487,365 Iowa State University ........................................................... 1 82 173,828

Washington University in Saint Louis (MO) .......................... 2 23 467,894 George Washington University (DC).................................... 2 83 169,111

Yale University (CT) .............................................................. 2 24 460,762 Mississippi State University ................................................. 1 84 168,292

Kaplan University (IA)........................................................... 3 25 454,279 University of Kansas ............................................................ 1 85 160,582

University of Alabama at Birmingham .................................. 1 26 446,233 University of California, Santa Barbara................................ 1 86 158,036

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities ..................................... 1 27 437,740 Tulane University of Louisiana ............................................. 2 87 155,877

Vanderbilt University (TN)..................................................... 2 28 425,118 Oregon State University....................................................... 1 88 155,731

Pennsylvania State University, Main Campus....................... 1 29 416,976 Stony Brook University (NY) ................................................ 1 89 153,115

United States Naval Academy (MD) ..................................... 1 30 411,578 U. of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.................... 1 90 148,834

University of Texas at Austin................................................. 1 31 391,727 Virginia Commonwealth University ...................................... 1 91 147,503

Texas A & M University ......................................................... 1 32 385,919 Wake Forest University (NC) ............................................... 2 92 147,136

University of California, Davis............................................... 1 33 376,884 University of Missouri, Columbia ......................................... 1 93 145,602

University of California, Berkeley.......................................... 1 34 376,625 North Carolina State University at Raleigh .......................... 1 94 144,190

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign........................... 1 35 371,309 Yeshiva University (NY)........................................................ 2 95 142,952

University of Florida.............................................................. 1 36 366,719 Wayne State University (MI) ................................................ 1 96 142,721

University of Arizona............................................................. 1 37 366,287 Louisiana State University and Ag. & Mech. College .......... 1 97 142,331

Emory University (GA).......................................................... 2 38 358,041 U. of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.............. 1 98 142,230

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.................. 1 39 346,112 New Mexico State University, Main Campus........................ 1 99 142,171

University of Connecticut...................................................... 1 40 344,786 U. of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey........................ 1 100 140,522

Howard University (DC) ........................................................ 2 41 328,191 Tufts University (MA)............................................................ 2 101 138,198

Georgia Institute of Technology, Main Campus .................... 1 42 327,227 University of Georgia ........................................................... 1 102 130,498

Cornell University (NY) ......................................................... 2 43 324,628 University at Buffalo (NY)..................................................... 1 103 128,583

Case Western Reserve University (OH)............................... 2 44 313,091 University of Nebraska, Lincoln ........................................... 1 104 127,542

Ohio State University, Main Campus .................................... 1 45 309,506 Dartmouth College (NH)...................................................... 2 105 127,405

University of Iowa ................................................................. 1 46 308,399 University of South Carolina, Columbia ............................... 1 106 125,231

Northwestern University (IL)................................................. 2 47 307,515 Washington State University................................................ 1 107 124,614

University of New Mexico, Main Campus.............................. 1 48 299,317 Indiana University, Bloomington........................................... 1 108 123,259

University of Colorado, Denver ............................................. 1 49 295,655 Medical College of Wisconsin.............................................. 2 109 122,680

Baylor College of Medicine (TX)........................................... 2 50 295,245 Utah State University ........................................................... 1 110 122,121

University of Maryland, College Park.................................... 1 51 293,335 Medical University of South Carolina................................... 1 111 119,783

University of Rochester (NY) ................................................ 2 52 291,020 University of Vermont........................................................... 1 112 117,852

Oregon Health & Science University .................................... 1 53 278,770 University of California, Santa Cruz..................................... 1 113 117,037

University of Colorado at Boulder......................................... 1 54 272,494 University of California, Riverside........................................ 1 114 114,646

University of Virginia, Main Campus..................................... 1 55 269,641 Miami Dade College (FL)..................................................... 1 115 114,147

Carnegie Mellon University (PA)........................................... 2 56 267,139 Brown University (RI)........................................................... 2 116 111,640

Michigan State University ..................................................... 1 57 266,278 University of Central Florida ................................................ 1 117 110,795

University of Illinois at Chicago............................................. 1 58 265,933 University of Massachusetts, Amherst................................. 1 118 110,547

Mount Sinai School of Medicine (NY)................................... 2 59 261,328 University of Alaska, Fairbanks............................................ 1 119 108,478

University of Hawaii at Manoa .............................................. 1 60 249,369 State University of New York at Albany................................ 1 120 104,568
524 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Total expenditures include current-fund expenditures and additions to plant value

through 1995–96.

NOTE: Data rounding is consistent with the original source material. Some data have

been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: Council for Aid to Education, Voluntary Support of Education, selected

years, 1959–60 through 2008–09. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for

Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), 1965–66

through 1985–86; Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education, 1959–60; and

1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Finance

Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY87–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was

prepared October 2010.)

Table 371. Voluntary support for degree-granting institutions, by source and purpose of support: Selected years, 1959–60 through 2008–09

[In millions of current dollars]

Year

Total

voluntary

support

Sources Purpose Voluntary

support

as a percent

of total

expenditures1 Alumni

Nonalumni

individuals Corporations Foundations

Religious

organizations Other

Current

operations

Capital

purposes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1959–60.................................................... $815 $191 $194 $130 $163 $80 $57 $385 $430 14.6

1965–66.................................................... 1,440 310 350 230 357 108 85 675 765 11.5

1970–71.................................................... 1,860 458 495 259 418 104 126 1,050 810 8.0

1975–76.................................................... 2,410 588 569 379 549 130 195 1,480 930 6.2

1980–81.................................................... 4,230 1,049 1,007 778 922 140 334 2,590 1,640 6.6

1985–86.................................................... 7,400 1,825 1,781 1,702 1,363 211 518 4,022 3,378 7.6

1990–91.................................................... 10,200 2,680 2,310 2,230 2,030 240 710 5,830 4,370 7.0

1994–95.................................................... 12,750 3,600 2,940 2,560 2,460 250 940 7,230 5,520 7.0

1995–96.................................................... 14,250 4,040 3,400 2,800 2,815 255 940 7,850 6,400 7.5

1996–97.................................................... 16,000 4,650 3,850 3,050 3,200 250 1,000 8,500 7,500 8.0

1997–98.................................................... 18,400 5,500 4,500 3,250 3,800 300 1,050 9,000 9,400 8.8

1998–99.................................................... 20,400 5,930 4,810 3,610 4,530 330 1,190 9,900 10,500 9.3

1999–2000................................................ 23,200 6,800 5,420 4,150 5,080 370 1,380 11,270 11,930 9.8

2000–01.................................................... 24,200 6,830 5,200 4,350 6,000 370 1,450 12,200 12,000 9.3

2001–02.................................................... 23,900 5,900 5,400 4,370 6,300 360 1,570 12,400 11,500 8.5

2002–03.................................................... 23,600 6,570 4,280 4,250 6,600 360 1,540 12,900 10,700 7.8

2003–04.................................................... 24,400 6,700 5,200 4,400 6,200 350 1,550 13,600 10,800 7.7

2004–05.................................................... 25,600 7,100 5,000 4,400 7,000 370 1,730 14,200 11,400 7.6

2005–06.................................................... 28,000 8,400 5,700 4,600 7,100 375 1,825 15,000 13,000 7.9

2006–07.................................................... 29,750 8,270 5,650 4,800 8,500 380 2,150 16,100 13,650 7.9

2007–08.................................................... 31,600 8,700 6,120 4,900 9,100 380 2,400 17,070 14,530 7.7

2008–09.................................................... 27,850 7,130 4,995 4,620 8,235 325 2,545 16,955 10,895 6.5
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 525

Revenue

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Institutions ranked by size of endowment in 2009.

2Change in market value of endowment. Includes growth from gifts and returns on investments, as well as reductions from expenditures and withdrawals.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2007–08 and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring

2009 and Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 372. Endowment funds of the 120 colleges and universities with the largest endowments, by rank order: 2008 and 2009

Institution

2009

rank

order1

Market value of endowment, 

as of June 30 (in thousands)

Percent

change,

2008 to

20092 Institution

2009

rank

order1

Market value of endowment, 

as of June 30 (in thousands)

Percent

change,

2008 to

20092 2008 2009 2008 2009

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

United States (all institutions)............................. † $412,509,820 $325,565,998 -21.1

120 institutions with the largest amounts....... † 312,068,725 243,496,721 -22.0

Harvard University (MA).................................................... 1 36,926,693 26,035,389 -29.5 Yeshiva University (NY).................................................... 61 1,194,753 882,063 -26.2

Yale University (CT)............................................................ 2 22,686,282 16,103,497 -29.0 Baylor University (TX)....................................................... 62 1,068,934 880,255 -17.7

Princeton University (NJ).................................................. 3 16,727,060 13,386,280 -20.0 Wake Forest University (NC)........................................... 63 1,253,673 866,212 -30.9

Stanford University (CA).................................................... 4 17,214,373 12,619,094 -26.7 Trinity University (TX)........................................................ 64 1,034,659 850,739 -17.8

University of Texas System............................................... 5 13,512,573 11,083,357 -18.0 U. of Cincinnati, Main Campus (OH)............................. 65 1,095,780 831,664 -24.1

Massachusetts Institute of Technology........................... 6 10,068,787 7,982,021 -20.7 University of California, Berkeley.................................... 66 999,202 827,808 -17.2

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor................................... 7 7,462,302 5,914,285 -20.7 Tulane University of Louisiana......................................... 67 1,052,881 815,473 -22.5

Columbia University in the City of New York.................. 8 7,146,806 5,892,798 -17.5 University of Iowa.............................................................. 68 353,800 810,368 129.0

University of Pennsylvania................................................ 9 6,233,271 5,170,539 -17.0 Berea College (KY)........................................................... 69 1,023,255 791,210 -22.7

University of California System Administration.............. 10 6,217,334 4,977,483 -19.9 Carnegie Mellon University (PA)..................................... 70 1,061,625 749,640 -29.4

University of Notre Dame (IN).......................................... 11 6,351,855 4,920,742 -22.5 Princeton Theological Seminary (NJ)............................ 71 1,026,189 749,241 -27.0

Emory University (GA)...................................................... 12 5,515,479 4,601,488 -16.6 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign................... 72 929,081 729,373 -21.5

University of Chicago (IL).................................................. 13 5,933,761 4,535,633 -23.6 University of Kentucky...................................................... 73 896,820 701,762 -21.7

Duke University (NC)......................................................... 14 6,123,743 4,440,745 -27.5 Middlebury College (VT).................................................. 74 885,389 699,684 -21.0

Northwestern University (IL)............................................. 15 5,342,297 4,398,200 -17.7 Baylor College of Medicine (TX)..................................... 75 1,062,130 696,887 -34.4

Washington U. in Saint Louis (MO)................................. 16 5,428,641 4,147,461 -23.6 Bowdoin College (ME)..................................................... 76 831,460 688,384 -17.2

Rice University (TX)........................................................... 17 4,609,863 3,665,267 -20.5 U. of Texas Southwestern Med. Center at Dallas........ 77 824,778 684,691 -17.0

University of Virginia, Main Campus............................... 18 4,517,750 3,531,688 -21.8 Vassar College (NY)......................................................... 78 853,644 680,154 -20.3

Cornell University (NY)...................................................... 19 4,509,068 3,071,987 -31.9 University of Tulsa (OK).................................................... 79 843,030 646,672 -23.3

Dartmouth College (NH)................................................... 20 3,944,329 2,999,497 -24.0 Saint Louis University, Main Campus............................ 80 879,908 645,800 -26.6

Vanderbilt University (TN)................................................. 21 3,495,439 2,833,614 -18.9 Indiana University, Bloomington...................................... 81 828,585 643,520 -22.3

University of Southern California...................................... 22 3,589,225 2,671,426 -25.6 University of Arkansas, Main Campus.......................... 82 858,840 623,686 -27.4

University of Texas at Austin............................................. 23 2,772,786 2,383,866 -14.0 Syracuse University (NY)................................................. 83 945,875 621,951 -34.2

New York University........................................................... 24 2,492,604 2,194,839 -11.9 Washington State University........................................... 84 678,980 619,766 -8.7

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities................................ 25 1,119,919 2,070,002 84.8 Juilliard School (NY)......................................................... 85 766,149 613,526 -19.9

Brown University (RI)......................................................... 26 2,778,022 2,039,135 -26.6 Brigham Young University (UT)...................................... 86 868,059 608,861 -29.9

Johns Hopkins University (MD)....................................... 27 2,475,722 1,983,341 -19.9 Oberlin College (OH)........................................................ 87 828,715 604,965 -27.0

U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill................................... 28 2,335,824 1,903,575 -18.5 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY)............................ 88 793,323 602,636 -24.0

U. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus (PA)....................... 29 2,361,281 1,842,796 -22.0 University of Louisville (KY)............................................. 89 783,333 599,712 -23.4

University of Washington, Seattle Campus.................... 30 2,237,360 1,770,281 -20.9 University of Oklahoma, Norman Campus................... 90 766,925 597,911 -22.0

Ohio State University, Main Campus.............................. 31 2,060,918 1,646,908 -20.1 Lafayette College (PA)...................................................... 91 721,086 567,919 -21.2

University of Wisconsin, Madison.................................... 32 2,026,633 1,613,069 -20.4 Berry College (GA)........................................................... 92 656,543 566,087 -13.8

California Institute of Technology...................................... 33 1,664,320 1,507,703 -9.4 Colgate University (NY).................................................... 93 729,249 560,537 -23.1

Boston College (MA)......................................................... 34 1,826,908 1,491,159 -18.4 Brandeis University (MA)................................................. 94 712,446 558,517 -21.6

University of Richmond (VA)............................................. 35 1,704,350 1,428,391 -16.2 Macalester College (MN)................................................. 95 709,275 544,541 -23.2

Purdue University, Main Campus (IN)............................. 36 1,693,693 1,423,009 -16.0 Hamilton College (NY)..................................................... 96 742,541 540,154 -27.3

Case Western Reserve University (OH)........................ 37 1,766,478 1,401,799 -20.6 University of Miami (FL)................................................... 97 736,239 538,606 -26.8

Williams College (MA)....................................................... 38 1,755,960 1,368,031 -22.1 University of Tennessee................................................... 98 710,514 537,873 -24.3

Michigan State University.................................................. 39 1,657,725 1,359,659 -18.0 Denison University (OH).................................................. 99 690,193 533,179 -22.7

Pomona College (CA)....................................................... 40 1,795,212 1,345,000 -25.1 Cooper Union for the Advan. of Science and Art (NY) 100 607,958 530,983 -12.7

Amherst College (MA)....................................................... 41 1,705,917 1,305,944 -23.4 Rochester Institute of Technology (NY)......................... 101 671,482 530,412 -21.0

Wellesley College (MA)..................................................... 42 1,629,447 1,287,284 -21.0 Pepperdine University (CA)............................................. 102 673,666 528,943 -21.5

University of Rochester (NY)............................................ 43 1,722,211 1,282,924 -25.5 Santa Clara University (CA)............................................ 103 676,072 528,892 -21.8

George Washington University (DC)............................... 44 1,507,133 1,261,893 -16.3 Bryn Mawr College (PA)................................................... 104 689,334 527,194 -23.5

Pennsylvania State U., Main Campus............................ 45 1,522,988 1,173,540 -22.9 Carleton College (MN)..................................................... 105 647,822 517,310 -20.1

Swarthmore College (PA)................................................. 46 1,412,609 1,128,675 -20.1 University of Alabama...................................................... 106 516,271 508,934 -1.4

Tufts University (MA).......................................................... 47 1,445,662 1,103,440 -23.7 Rutgers University, New Brunswick (NJ)....................... 107 593,114 508,766 -14.2

Smith College (MA)........................................................... 48 1,365,792 1,096,322 -19.7 Mount Holyoke College (MA).......................................... 108 662,094 503,168 -24.0

Grinnell College (IA)........................................................... 49 1,472,448 1,076,249 -26.9 Northeastern University (MA)......................................... 109 672,761 501,019 -25.5

Southern Methodist University (TX)................................ 50 1,401,274 1,032,262 -26.3 College of the Holy Cross (MA)...................................... 110 627,264 492,680 -21.5

University of Florida............................................................ 51 977,718 1,008,921 3.2 University of Oregon......................................................... 111 497,650 491,155 -1.3

University of California, Los Angeles............................... 52 1,222,548 997,111 -18.4 College of William and Mary (VA)................................... 112 573,651 489,251 -14.7

University of Kansas ......................................................... 53 1,232,172 967,171 -21.5 Wesleyan University (CT)................................................ 113 652,208 476,481 -26.9

Texas Christian University................................................. 54 1,380,621 945,329 -31.5 Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis...... 114 601,933 470,947 -21.8

University of Delaware....................................................... 55 1,227,116 929,116 -24.3 University of Missouri, Columbia.................................... 115 550,623 469,885 -14.7

Boston University (MA)...................................................... 56 1,182,053 919,441 -22.2 Oregon State University................................................... 116 476,062 469,193 -1.4

Washington and Lee University (VA).............................. 57 — 897,141 † Colby College (ME).......................................................... 117 600,248 452,990 -24.5

Georgetown University (DC)............................................ 58 1,068,608 895,107 -16.2 University of Houston (TX)............................................... 118 545,068 452,755 -16.9

Weill Cornell Medical College (NY)................................. 59 1,069,034 894,055 -16.4 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University........ 119 520,600 446,300 -14.3

Lehigh University (PA)........................................................ 60 1,126,942 886,234 -21.4 Furman University (SC)................................................... 120 560,044 444,223 -20.7
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Expenditures Table 373. Expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by purpose of expenditure and type of institution: 2003–04 through 2008–09Type of institution and year

 Total

expenditures

Operating expenditures 

Total

Instruction

Research

Public

service

Academic

support

Student

services

Institutional

support

Operation

and maintenance of

plant

Depreciation

 Scholarships and

fellowships1 Auxiliary enterprises Hospitals

 Independent

Total operations 

Salaries

and wages

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

In thousands of current dollars

All institutions2003–04................ $205,068,500 $198,321,711 $56,767,947 $39,431,881 $21,408,497 $8,981,907 $13,613,774 $9,426,787 $16,849,813 $12,611,040 $8,999,651 $8,172,682 $15,705,951 $18,471,970 $736,799 $

2004–05................ 215,794,343 208,488,447 59,656,806 41,026,819 22,550,836 9,481,391 14,258,857 10,042,243 17,454,934 13,578,182 9,592,800 8,402,515 16,664,085 20,104,812 658,166 2005–06................ 226,549,889 219,061,195 62,988,407 43,202,237 23,056,406 9,746,753 15,299,823 10,634,906 18,528,338 15,117,844 10,071,291 8,616,689 17,314,237 20,689,224 744,028 2006–07................ 238,828,801 230,398,826 67,188,249 45,998,524 23,893,564 10,148,312 16,306,542 11,377,541 19,962,037 15,806,925 10,772,442 8,956,265 18,501,797 22,111,404 784,684 2007–082 .............. 261,045,829 247,847,226 71,807,253 48,691,508 25,331,167 10,800,588 17,871,280 12,205,110 22,145,030 17,032,966 12,814,049 9,664,173 19,533,181 23,974,721 931,838 

2008–092 .............. 273,030,301 262,771,774 75,078,714 51,151,501 26,651,018 11,244,501 18,805,325 12,939,434 23,078,908 17,839,601 13,719,465 11,104,773 20,588,239 25,944,900 1,177,848 

4-year2003–04................ 167,654,408 161,575,599 42,287,792 29,290,396 21,394,125 8,293,533 10,904,235 6,062,776 11,691,429 9,469,470 7,586,394 5,123,190 13,680,554 18,471,970 711,188 2004–05................ 177,191,847 170,580,039 44,699,891 30,555,416 22,528,940 8,819,093 11,417,218 6,475,649 12,151,581 10,287,442 8,136,660 5,453,252 14,593,314 20,104,812 658,166 

2005–06................ 186,074,213 179,399,853 47,286,043 32,206,726 23,031,885 9,054,397 12,290,114 6,906,675 12,915,660 11,508,008 8,517,539 5,697,202 15,158,273 20,689,224 744,028 

2006–07................ 196,121,062 188,683,105 50,755,304 34,541,885 23,875,451 9,455,605 13,151,359 7,430,739 14,046,030 12,031,682 9,140,557 6,031,919 16,308,351 22,111,404 784,684 

2007–082 .............. 215,474,080 203,415,102 54,371,328 36,618,879 25,312,279 10,055,606 14,471,795 8,051,799 15,812,151 13,047,228 10,959,500 6,467,362 17,296,774 23,974,721 931,838 

2008–092 .............. 225,363,128 216,029,612 57,265,615 38,666,432 26,629,400 10,499,031 15,300,115 8,612,795 16,505,969 13,805,143 11,719,734 7,156,258 18,293,456 25,944,900 1,177,848 2-year2003–04................ 37,414,092 36,746,112 14,480,155 10,141,485 14,371 688,374 2,709,539 3,364,011 5,158,384 3,141,570 1,413,258 3,049,492 2,025,397 0 25,612 2004–05................ 38,602,497 37,908,408 14,956,915 10,471,403 21,896 662,298 2,841,639 3,566,594 5,303,353 3,290,740 1,456,140 2,949,262 2,070,771 0 0 2005–06................ 40,475,676 39,661,343 15,702,364 10,995,511 24,520 692,356 3,009,709 3,728,231 5,612,677 3,609,836 1,553,752 2,919,487 2,155,964 0 0 2006–07................ 42,707,739 41,715,721 16,432,945 11,456,639 18,113 692,707 3,155,183 3,946,803 5,916,007 3,775,243 1,631,885 2,924,346 2,193,446 0 0 2007–082 .............. 45,571,749 44,432,124 17,435,926 12,072,630 18,887 744,982 3,399,485 4,153,311 6,332,879 3,985,738 1,854,549 3,196,811 2,236,407 0 0 

2008–092 .............. 47,667,173 46,742,162 17,813,099 12,485,070 21,617 745,470 3,505,209 4,326,639 6,572,940 4,034,457 1,999,732 3,948,515 2,294,783 0 0 

Percentage distribution

All institutions2003–04................ 100.00 96.71 27.68 19.23 10.44 4.38 6.64 4.60 8.22 6.15 4.39 3.99 7.66 9.01 0.36 2004–05................ 100.00 96.61 27.65 19.01 10.45 4.39 6.61 4.65 8.09 6.29 4.45 3.89 7.72 9.32 0.30 2005–06................ 100.00 96.69 27.80 19.07 10.18 4.30 6.75 4.69 8.18 6.67 4.45 3.80 7.64 9.13 0.33 2006–07................ 100.00 96.47 28.13 19.26 10.00 4.25 6.83 4.76 8.36 6.62 4.51 3.75 7.75 9.26 0.33 2007–082 .............. 100.00 94.94 27.51 18.65 9.70 4.14 6.85 4.68 8.48 6.52 4.91 3.70 7.48 9.18 0.36 

2008–092 .............. 100.00 96.24 27.50 18.73 9.76 4.12 6.89 4.74 8.45 6.53 5.02 4.07 7.54 9.50 0.43 4-year2003–04................ 100.00 96.37 25.22 17.47 12.76 4.95 6.50 3.62 6.97 5.65 4.53 3.06 8.16 11.02 0.42 2004–05................ 100.00 96.27 25.23 17.24 12.71 4.98 6.44 3.65 6.86 5.81 4.59 3.08 8.24 11.35 0.37 2005–06................ 100.00 96.41 25.41 17.31 12.38 4.87 6.60 3.71 6.94 6.18 4.58 3.06 8.15 11.12 0.40 2006–07................ 100.00 96.21 25.88 17.61 12.17 4.82 6.71 3.79 7.16 6.13 4.66 3.08 8.32 11.27 0.40 2007–082 .............. 100.00 94.40 25.23 16.99 11.75 4.67 6.72 3.74 7.34 6.06 5.09 3.00 8.03 11.13 0.43 

2008–092 .............. 100.00 95.86 25.41 17.16 11.82 4.66 6.79 3.82 7.32 6.13 5.20 3.18 8.12 11.51 0.52 2-year2003–04................ 100.00 98.21 38.70 27.11 0.04 1.84 7.24 8.99 13.79 8.40 3.78 8.15 5.41 0.00 0.07 2004–05................ 100.00 98.20 38.75 27.13 0.06 1.72 7.36 9.24 13.74 8.52 3.77 7.64 5.36 0.00 0.00 2005–06................ 100.00 97.99 38.79 27.17 0.06 1.71 7.44 9.21 13.87 8.92 3.84 7.21 5.33 0.00 0.00 2006–07................ 100.00 97.68 38.48 26.83 0.04 1.62 7.39 9.24 13.85 8.84 3.82 6.85 5.14 0.00 0.00 2007–082 .............. 100.00 97.50 38.26 26.49 0.04 1.63 7.46 9.11 13.90 8.75 4.07 7.01 4.91 0.00 0.00 

2008–092 .............. 100.00 98.06 37.37 26.19 0.05 1.56 7.35 9.08 13.79 8.46 4.20 8.28 4.81 0.00 0.00 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Excludes discounts and allowances.2All expenditures reported by institutions for operation and maintenance of plant have been aggregated in the operation andmaintenance of plant category, even in cases where they originally were reported by purpose. Similarly, all expendituresreported by institutions for depreciation have been aggregated in the depreciation category, even in cases where they originally

were reported by purpose.

3Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and paIncludes data for public institutions reporting data according to either the Goverthe Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) questionnaire. Detail may noSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statissecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2004 through Spring 2010. 

Expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

All institutions2003–04................ $22,192 $21,462 $6,143 $4,267 $2,317 $972 $1,473 $1,020 $1,823 $1,365 $974 $884 $1,700 $1,999 $80 2004–05................ 23,084 22,303 6,382 4,389 2,412 1,014 1,525 1,074 1,867 1,453 1,026 899 1,783 2,151 70 2005–06................ 24,126 23,329 6,708 4,601 2,455 1,038 1,629 1,133 1,973 1,610 1,073 918 1,844 2,203 79 2006–07................ 25,130 24,243 7,070 4,840 2,514 1,068 1,716 1,197 2,100 1,663 1,134 942 1,947 2,327 83 2007–082 .............. 26,802 25,447 7,373 4,999 2,601 1,109 1,835 1,253 2,274 1,749 1,316 992 2,006 2,462 96 

2008–092 .............. 27,135 26,116 7,462 5,084 2,649 1,118 1,869 1,286 2,294 1,773 1,364 1,104 2,046 2,579 117 4-year2003–04................ 30,166 29,072 7,609 5,270 3,849 1,492 1,962 1,091 2,104 1,704 1,365 922 2,462 3,324 128 2004–05................ 31,413 30,241 7,925 5,417 3,994 1,563 2,024 1,148 2,154 1,824 1,443 967 2,587 3,564 117 2005–06................ 32,483 31,318 8,255 5,622 4,021 1,581 2,145 1,206 2,255 2,009 1,487 995 2,646 3,612 130 2006–07................ 33,670 32,393 8,714 5,930 4,099 1,623 2,258 1,276 2,411 2,066 1,569 1,036 2,800 3,796 135 2007–082 .............. 35,947 33,935 9,071 6,109 4,223 1,678 2,414 1,343 2,638 2,177 1,828 1,079 2,886 4,000 155 2008–092 .............. 36,707 35,187 9,327 6,298 4,337 1,710 2,492 1,403 2,688 2,249 1,909 1,166 2,980 4,226 192 2-year2003–04................ 10,158 9,977 3,932 2,754 4 187 736 913 1,401 853 384 828 550 0 7 2004–05................ 10,412 10,225 4,034 2,824 6 179 766 962 1,430 888 393 796 559 0 0 2005–06................ 11,053 10,831 4,288 3,003 7 189 822 1,018 1,533 986 424 797 589 0 0 2006–07................ 11,609 11,340 4,467 3,114 5 188 858 1,073 1,608 1,026 444 795 596 0 0 2007–082 .............. 12,167 11,863 4,655 3,223 5 199 908 1,109 1,691 1,064 495 854 597 0 0 

2008–092 .............. 12,153 11,917 4,542 3,183 6 190 894 1,103 1,676 1,029 510 1,007 585 0 0 

Expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2008–09 dollars3

All institutions2003–04................ $25,598 $24,756 $7,086 $4,922 $2,672 $1,121 $1,699 $1,177 $2,103 $1,574 $1,123 $1,020 $1,961 $2,306 $92 2004–05................ 25,850 24,975 7,146 4,915 2,701 1,136 1,708 1,203 2,091 1,627 1,149 1,007 1,996 2,408 79 2005–06................ 26,026 25,165 7,236 4,963 2,649 1,120 1,758 1,222 2,128 1,737 1,157 990 1,989 2,377 85 2006–07................ 26,426 25,493 7,434 5,090 2,644 1,123 1,804 1,259 2,209 1,749 1,192 991 2,047 2,447 87 2007–082 .............. 27,176 25,802 7,476 5,069 2,637 1,124 1,861 1,271 2,305 1,773 1,334 1,006 2,034 2,496 97 

2008–092 .............. 27,135 26,116 7,462 5,084 2,649 1,118 1,869 1,286 2,294 1,773 1,364 1,104 2,046 2,579 117 4-year2003–04................ 34,797 33,535 8,777 6,079 4,440 1,721 2,263 1,258 2,427 1,965 1,575 1,063 2,839 3,834 148 2004–05................ 35,177 33,864 8,874 6,066 4,473 1,751 2,267 1,286 2,412 2,042 1,615 1,083 2,897 3,991 131 2005–06................ 35,040 33,784 8,905 6,065 4,337 1,705 2,314 1,301 2,432 2,167 1,604 1,073 2,855 3,896 140 2006–07................ 35,405 34,063 9,163 6,236 4,310 1,707 2,374 1,341 2,536 2,172 1,650 1,089 2,944 3,992 142 2007–082 .............. 36,449 34,409 9,197 6,194 4,282 1,701 2,448 1,362 2,675 2,207 1,854 1,094 2,926 4,055 158 2008–092 .............. 36,707 35,187 9,327 6,298 4,337 1,710 2,492 1,403 2,688 2,249 1,909 1,166 2,980 4,226 192 2-year2003–04................ 11,718 11,509 4,535 3,176 5 216 849 1,054 1,616 984 443 955 634 0 8 2004–05................ 11,660 11,450 4,518 3,163 7 200 858 1,077 1,602 994 440 891 625 0 0 2005–06................ 11,923 11,684 4,626 3,239 7 204 887 1,098 1,653 1,063 458 860 635 0 0 2006–07................ 12,207 11,924 4,697 3,275 5 198 902 1,128 1,691 1,079 466 836 627 0 0 2007–082 .............. 12,337 12,029 4,720 3,268 5 202 920 1,124 1,714 1,079 502 865 605 0 0 

2008–092 .............. 12,153 11,917 4,542 3,183 6 190 894 1,103 1,676 1,029 510 1,007 585 0 0 

Table 373. Expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by purpose of expenditure and type of institution: 2003–04 through 2008–09—ContinuedType of institution and year

 Total

expenditures

Operating expenditures 

Total

Instruction

Research

Public

service

Academic

support

Student

services

Institutional

support

Operation

and maintenance of

plant

Depreciation

 Scholarships and

fellowships1 Auxiliary enterprises Hospitals

 Independent

Total operations 

Salaries

and wages

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 
528 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes other categories not separately shown.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes data for public institutions reporting data

according to either the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) or the Financial

Accounting Standards Board (FASB) questionnaire. All expenditures reported by institutions for operation and maintenance of plant have been aggregated in the operation and

maintenance of plant category, even in cases where they originally were reported by purpose. Similarly, all expenditures reported by institutions for depreciation have been aggregated in the depreciation category, even in cases where they originally were reported by

purpose. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2006–07 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS),

Spring 2008 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared November 2010.)

Table 374. Expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by type of institution, purpose of expenditure, and state or jurisdiction: 2006–07, 

2007–08, and 2008–09

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Total

expenditures,

2006–07

Total

expenditures,

2007–08

2008–09

All institutions 4-year institutions 2-year institutions

Total1 Operating Total

Operating expenditures

Nonoperating Total

Operating expenditures

Total Nonoperating 1 Instruction Total1 Instruction

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ................. $238,828,801 $261,045,829 $273,030,301 $262,771,774 $225,363,128 $216,029,612 $57,265,615 $9,333,516 $47,667,173 $46,742,162 $17,813,099 $925,010

Alabama .............................. 5,120,941 5,839,899 5,964,685 5,919,999 5,242,474 5,197,788 1,119,237 44,686 722,211 722,211 272,767 0

Alaska.................................. 692,853 736,890 750,308 750,308 732,107 732,107 195,854 0 18,202 18,202 5,510 0

Arizona ................................ 4,098,686 4,421,229 4,523,629 4,419,125 3,314,844 3,214,744 946,415 100,100 1,208,785 1,204,381 432,416 4,403

Arkansas ............................. 2,711,428 2,923,204 3,109,431 3,051,004 2,701,907 2,651,721 520,440 50,186 407,524 399,284 145,114 8,241

California ............................. 33,939,568 37,559,728 39,706,162 36,686,859 29,458,744 26,874,484 6,498,041 2,584,260 10,247,418 9,812,375 3,577,752 435,043

Colorado.............................. 3,766,780 4,049,015 4,424,140 4,249,389 3,920,136 3,749,657 1,100,757 170,479 504,004 499,732 198,569 4,272

Connecticut ......................... 2,482,496 2,713,513 2,833,427 2,831,741 2,412,114 2,412,114 606,198 0 421,314 419,628 161,525 1,686

Delaware ............................. 853,410 905,359 937,997 937,997 809,752 809,752 304,064 0 128,245 128,245 56,717 0

District of Columbia ............. 125,484 117,014 138,348 138,348 138,348 138,348 44,067 0 0 0 0 0

Florida ................................. 8,307,928 8,678,611 9,220,508 9,119,147 8,166,913 8,065,553 2,360,465 101,360 1,053,595 1,053,595 327,766 0

Georgia................................ 5,318,459 5,798,067 6,063,773 5,969,028 5,110,437 5,018,445 1,343,612 91,992 953,336 950,583 362,249 2,753

Hawaii.................................. 1,266,174 1,576,768 1,531,975 1,391,056 1,300,841 1,165,147 322,407 135,693 231,134 225,908 96,478 5,226

Idaho ................................... 917,108 991,494 1,024,541 1,003,971 885,139 865,177 293,438 19,962 139,401 138,794 40,535 607

Illinois .................................. 8,317,879 8,955,961 9,350,383 9,218,996 6,930,267 6,824,831 1,855,460 105,436 2,420,116 2,394,165 789,740 25,951

Indiana................................. 4,929,528 5,237,143 5,487,959 5,402,316 5,027,865 4,951,648 1,816,791 76,217 460,093 450,668 177,943 9,426

Iowa..................................... 3,632,046 3,896,227 4,193,485 4,158,556 3,382,457 3,360,579 608,825 21,878 811,028 797,977 329,167 13,051

Kansas ................................ 2,607,366 2,654,178 2,821,376 2,775,578 2,188,173 2,149,499 654,171 38,674 633,203 626,079 227,652 7,124

Kentucky.............................. 3,976,747 4,256,949 4,513,299 4,454,668 3,900,018 3,841,387 825,722 58,631 613,281 613,281 214,469 0

Louisiana ............................. 3,519,436 4,162,047 4,303,137 4,264,490 3,829,679 3,795,908 1,042,195 33,772 473,458 468,582 195,192 4,875

Maine................................... 746,481 786,047 809,983 790,343 701,470 681,829 184,815 19,641 108,513 108,513 47,659 0

Maryland ............................. 4,643,844 4,995,230 5,282,745 5,263,416 4,095,732 4,076,701 1,022,187 19,030 1,187,014 1,186,714 442,836 299

Massachusetts .................... 3,515,544 3,662,053 3,731,294 3,660,115 3,046,133 2,976,840 775,892 69,294 685,161 683,275 259,079 1,885

Michigan .............................. 10,563,666 12,675,466 11,928,733 11,873,367 10,184,054 10,161,118 2,477,735 22,936 1,744,680 1,712,249 573,600 32,430

Minnesota............................ 4,112,919 4,541,298 4,679,338 4,658,373 3,735,577 3,723,217 970,991 12,360 943,761 935,156 403,164 8,605

Mississippi........................... 3,111,365 3,303,199 3,445,846 3,408,557 2,658,956 2,626,563 541,056 32,392 786,891 781,994 300,074 4,897

Missouri............................... 3,648,634 3,933,741 4,067,585 4,044,127 3,387,674 3,376,516 893,711 11,159 679,911 667,612 260,062 12,299

Montana .............................. 819,680 883,825 936,000 925,229 830,716 823,522 200,038 7,195 105,284 101,707 28,524 3,577

Nebraska ............................. 1,722,136 1,816,761 1,893,340 1,845,358 1,591,629 1,546,101 456,886 45,528 301,711 299,257 120,306 2,453

Nevada ................................ 1,315,804 1,374,553 1,417,355 1,363,639 1,352,474 1,299,173 467,042 53,301 64,881 64,466 27,423 415

New Hampshire................... 725,778 767,736 803,946 803,946 703,227 703,227 203,373 0 100,719 100,719 31,272 0

New Jersey.......................... 5,695,452 6,049,637 6,487,776 6,411,246 5,372,186 5,298,851 1,402,773 73,335 1,115,590 1,112,395 379,026 3,195

New Mexico ......................... 2,565,733 2,798,416 3,033,621 3,010,324 2,487,846 2,466,284 404,040 21,562 545,775 544,040 199,938 1,735

New York ............................. 12,607,530 13,153,312 14,393,529 13,548,411 11,703,776 10,933,336 2,987,936 770,440 2,689,753 2,615,075 1,120,637 74,678

North Carolina ..................... 7,649,176 8,260,453 8,648,614 8,281,468 6,840,438 6,474,239 2,106,713 366,200 1,808,176 1,807,229 793,994 947

North Dakota ....................... 787,853 840,092 900,709 885,014 823,965 808,615 262,116 15,350 76,744 76,399 30,430 345

Ohio..................................... 9,638,217 10,197,635 10,690,988 10,567,867 9,329,865 9,209,299 2,520,717 120,566 1,361,123 1,358,568 474,106 2,555

Oklahoma ............................ 2,982,655 3,229,565 3,424,475 3,380,529 2,987,792 2,951,810 846,461 35,982 436,683 428,719 166,022 7,964

Oregon ................................ 3,961,130 4,211,743 4,705,101 4,661,277 3,619,116 3,619,116 683,859 0 1,085,985 1,042,161 345,777 43,824

Pennsylvania ....................... 9,093,770 9,813,416 10,424,097 10,331,060 9,390,625 9,321,447 2,242,583 69,178 1,033,472 1,009,613 399,161 23,859

Rhode Island ....................... 587,678 633,263 639,371 630,435 532,054 523,118 131,292 8,936 107,317 107,317 46,940 0

South Carolina..................... 3,123,388 3,420,357 3,415,654 3,380,624 2,731,646 2,696,910 884,853 34,736 684,008 683,714 262,763 294

South Dakota....................... 546,221 590,375 626,176 617,635 562,122 555,757 174,184 6,366 64,054 61,878 24,137 2,175

Tennessee ........................... 3,289,781 3,531,341 3,607,113 3,568,305 3,062,117 3,023,823 1,047,199 38,293 544,996 544,482 219,842 514

Texas ................................... 20,016,371 23,442,222 24,222,080 20,625,928 20,271,928 16,829,491 4,835,585 3,442,437 3,950,152 3,796,437 1,438,463 153,715

Utah..................................... 3,291,002 3,554,103 3,797,090 3,791,965 3,520,100 3,515,924 572,203 4,177 276,989 276,042 105,891 948

Vermont ............................... 647,066 714,575 718,762 697,562 694,488 673,288 187,759 21,200 24,274 24,274 8,338 0

Virginia ................................ 6,311,272 6,924,955 7,183,108 7,067,296 6,326,116 6,210,304 1,600,700 115,812 856,992 856,992 384,627 0

Washington.......................... 5,980,733 6,477,202 6,714,962 6,653,470 5,427,477 5,371,080 1,546,121 56,397 1,287,485 1,282,390 558,523 5,095

West Virginia ....................... 1,324,271 1,426,853 1,518,943 1,489,529 1,417,983 1,388,757 414,357 29,226 100,961 100,773 38,155 188

Wisconsin ............................ 4,904,966 5,203,602 5,499,072 5,311,815 4,271,587 4,096,487 1,143,223 175,101 1,227,485 1,215,329 627,664 12,156

Wyoming.............................. 522,738 592,850 639,509 636,146 405,223 403,163 119,583 2,061 234,286 232,983 83,106 1,303

U.S. Service Academies...... 1,791,631 1,766,655 1,844,822 1,844,822 1,844,822 1,844,822 499,473 0 0 0 0 0

Other jurisdictions......... 1,549,127 1,632,804 1,721,830 1,719,260 1,632,194 1,629,676 506,615 2,518 89,636 89,584 31,168 52

American Samoa................. 11,419 12,489 12,910 12,910 0 0 0 0 12,910 12,910 4,386 0

Federated States of 

Micronesia..................... 19,306 20,606 22,380 22,380 0 0 0 0 22,380 22,380 7,079 0

Guam................................... 96,492 102,571 106,784 106,732 80,030 80,030 18,062 0 26,754 26,702 9,027 52

Marshall Islands .................. 7,833 8,383 8,503 8,503 0 0 0 0 8,503 8,503 2,405 0

Northern Marianas .............. 13,132 13,812 13,945 13,945 13,945 13,945 8,085 0 0 0 0 0

Palau ................................... 8,359 5,653 5,858 5,858 0 0 0 0 5,858 5,858 2,141 0

Puerto Rico ......................... 1,318,439 1,402,526 1,477,913 1,477,894 1,464,682 1,464,663 466,136 20 13,231 13,231 6,132 0

U.S. Virgin Islands ............... 74,146 66,764 73,536 71,038 73,536 71,038 14,332 2,498 0 0 0 0
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 529

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 375. Total expenditures of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of institution: 1998–99 through

2008–09

Type of institution and year

Total expenditures, by purpose

Total Instruction Research

Public

service

Academic

support

Student

services

Institutional

support

Auxiliary

enterprises1

Net grant

aid to

students2 Hospitals

Independent

operations Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

All institutions

1998–99.............................. $75,516,696 $25,181,848 $7,779,001 $1,521,440 $6,349,076 $5,295,059 $9,901,658 $8,027,492 $1,222,565 $7,258,939 $2,979,619 —

1999–2000.......................... 80,613,037 26,012,599 8,381,926 1,446,958 6,510,951 5,688,499 10,585,850 8,300,021 1,180,882 7,355,110 2,753,679 $2,396,563

2000–01.............................. 85,625,016 27,607,324 9,025,739 1,473,292 7,368,263 6,117,195 11,434,074 9,010,853 1,176,160 7,255,376 3,134,609 2,022,132

2001–02.............................. 92,192,297 29,689,041 10,035,480 1,665,884 7,802,637 6,573,185 12,068,120 9,515,829 1,188,690 7,633,043 3,397,979 2,622,409

2002–03.............................. 99,748,076 32,062,218 11,079,532 1,878,380 8,156,688 7,096,223 13,157,744 9,936,478 1,173,845 7,586,208 3,879,736 3,741,024

2003–04.............................. 104,317,870 33,909,179 12,039,531 1,972,351 8,759,743 7,544,021 13,951,408 10,508,719 1,101,738 8,374,128 4,222,980 1,934,070

2004–05.............................. 110,394,127 36,258,473 12,812,857 2,000,437 9,342,064 8,191,737 14,690,328 10,944,342 1,069,591 9,180,775 4,223,779 1,679,741

2005–06.............................. 116,817,913 38,465,058 13,242,343 1,941,519 10,217,274 8,965,704 15,667,101 11,741,258 708,158 9,645,428 4,203,523 2,020,548

2006–07.............................. 124,557,725 41,223,483 13,704,450 2,036,588 10,882,028 9,591,334 16,831,353 12,451,087 728,139 10,400,055 4,680,393 2,028,816

2007–08.............................. 133,503,539 44,226,329 14,474,367 2,182,676 11,884,345 10,363,476 18,364,513 13,319,602 721,487 10,754,966 4,887,609 2,324,170

2008–09.............................. 141,349,229 46,452,942 15,262,667 2,298,526 12,579,759 11,012,204 19,400,981 13,707,921 757,852 11,930,840 5,158,480 2,787,056

4-year

1998–99.............................. 74,805,484 24,823,398 7,778,900 1,513,641 6,308,251 5,224,455 9,766,020 7,957,265 1,198,516 7,257,021 2,978,017 —

1999–2000.......................... 79,699,659 25,744,199 8,376,568 1,438,544 6,476,338 5,590,978 10,398,914 8,228,409 1,162,570 7,355,110 2,752,019 2,176,011

2000–01.............................. 85,048,123 27,413,897 9,019,966 1,467,325 7,333,851 6,036,478 11,292,310 8,957,973 1,160,660 7,253,479 3,133,099 1,979,086

2001–02.............................. 91,612,337 29,492,583 10,035,394 1,658,781 7,768,870 6,497,127 11,914,149 9,470,557 1,173,725 7,632,942 3,396,831 2,571,376

2002–03.............................. 99,137,236 31,866,310 11,079,332 1,871,274 8,122,181 7,014,149 12,996,836 9,876,937 1,161,441 7,586,208 3,854,471 3,708,098

2003–04.............................. 103,733,257 33,712,542 12,039,080 1,964,898 8,726,505 7,466,472 13,774,084 10,464,984 1,084,880 8,374,128 4,221,611 1,904,075

2004–05.............................. 109,789,731 36,051,084 12,812,326 1,993,767 9,307,600 8,101,214 14,516,197 10,899,456 1,051,216 9,180,775 4,223,779 1,652,317

2005–06.............................. 116,247,359 38,249,125 13,241,769 1,931,804 10,177,381 8,894,330 15,524,004 11,696,510 699,462 9,645,428 4,203,523 1,984,024

2006–07.............................. 124,061,478 41,056,590 13,703,502 2,028,364 10,850,270 9,522,535 16,693,987 12,414,609 714,398 10,400,055 4,680,393 1,996,775

2007–08.............................. 132,967,352 44,041,162 14,473,394 2,176,695 11,847,922 10,286,780 18,216,170 13,281,694 711,903 10,754,966 4,887,609 2,289,058

2008–09.............................. 140,852,609 46,286,662 15,262,322 2,294,914 12,538,248 10,943,745 19,258,651 13,670,550 750,687 11,930,840 5,158,480 2,757,510

2-year

1998–99.............................. 711,212 358,450 101 7,799 40,826 70,603 135,638 70,226 24,049 1,917 1,602 —

1999–2000.......................... 913,378 268,400 5,358 8,415 34,612 97,521 186,936 71,612 18,311 0 1,660 220,553

2000–01.............................. 576,893 193,428 5,772 5,967 34,412 80,717 141,764 52,880 15,500 1,896 1,510 43,046

2001–02.............................. 579,960 196,459 86 7,102 33,767 76,058 153,971 45,271 14,965 100 1,147 51,033

2002–03.............................. 610,840 195,909 200 7,106 34,506 82,074 160,908 59,541 12,404 0 25,265 32,926

2003–04.............................. 584,612 196,637 451 7,453 33,238 77,549 177,324 43,735 16,859 0 1,369 29,995

2004–05.............................. 604,395 207,389 532 6,670 34,464 90,523 174,131 44,886 18,375 0 0 27,425

2005–06.............................. 570,554 215,934 574 9,715 39,893 71,374 143,096 44,748 8,696 0 0 36,524

2006–07.............................. 496,247 166,893 947 8,224 31,758 68,799 137,366 36,478 13,741 0 0 32,041

2007–08.............................. 536,187 185,167 973 5,982 36,423 76,696 148,343 37,908 9,584 0 0 35,112

2008–09.............................. 496,620 166,280 345 3,612 41,511 68,459 142,330 37,372 7,165 0 0 29,546

Percentage distribution 

All institutions

1998–99.............................. 100.00 33.35 10.30 2.01 8.41 7.01 13.11 10.63 1.62 9.61 3.95 —

1999–2000.......................... 100.00 32.27 10.40 1.79 8.08 7.06 13.13 10.30 1.46 9.12 3.42 2.97

2000–01.............................. 100.00 32.24 10.54 1.72 8.61 7.14 13.35 10.52 1.37 8.47 3.66 2.36

2001–02.............................. 100.00 32.20 10.89 1.81 8.46 7.13 13.09 10.32 1.29 8.28 3.69 2.84

2002–03.............................. 100.00 32.14 11.11 1.88 8.18 7.11 13.19 9.96 1.18 7.61 3.89 3.75

2003–04.............................. 100.00 32.51 11.54 1.89 8.40 7.23 13.37 10.07 1.06 8.03 4.05 1.85

2004–05.............................. 100.00 32.84 11.61 1.81 8.46 7.42 13.31 9.91 0.97 8.32 3.83 1.52

2005–06.............................. 100.00 32.93 11.34 1.66 8.75 7.67 13.41 10.05 0.61 8.26 3.60 1.73

2006–07.............................. 100.00 33.10 11.00 1.64 8.74 7.70 13.51 10.00 0.58 8.35 3.76 1.63

2007–08.............................. 100.00 33.13 10.84 1.63 8.90 7.76 13.76 9.98 0.54 8.06 3.66 1.74

2008–09.............................. 100.00 32.86 10.80 1.63 8.90 7.79 13.73 9.70 0.54 8.44 3.65 1.97

4-year

1998–99.............................. 100.00 33.18 10.40 2.02 8.43 6.98 13.06 10.64 1.60 9.70 3.98 —

1999–2000.......................... 100.00 32.30 10.51 1.80 8.13 7.02 13.05 10.32 1.46 9.23 3.45 2.73

2000–01.............................. 100.00 32.23 10.61 1.73 8.62 7.10 13.28 10.53 1.36 8.53 3.68 2.33

2001–02.............................. 100.00 32.19 10.95 1.81 8.48 7.09 13.00 10.34 1.28 8.33 3.71 2.81

2002–03.............................. 100.00 32.14 11.18 1.89 8.19 7.08 13.11 9.96 1.17 7.65 3.89 3.74

2003–04.............................. 100.00 32.50 11.61 1.89 8.41 7.20 13.28 10.09 1.05 8.07 4.07 1.84

2004–05.............................. 100.00 32.84 11.67 1.82 8.48 7.38 13.22 9.93 0.96 8.36 3.85 1.50

2005–06.............................. 100.00 32.90 11.39 1.66 8.75 7.65 13.35 10.06 0.60 8.30 3.62 1.71

2006–07.............................. 100.00 33.09 11.05 1.63 8.75 7.68 13.46 10.01 0.58 8.38 3.77 1.61

2007–08.............................. 100.00 33.12 10.88 1.64 8.91 7.74 13.70 9.99 0.54 8.09 3.68 1.72

2008–09.............................. 100.00 32.86 10.84 1.63 8.90 7.77 13.67 9.71 0.53 8.47 3.66 1.96

2-year

1998–99.............................. 100.00 50.40 0.01 1.10 5.74 9.93 19.07 9.87 3.38 0.27 0.23 —

1999–2000.......................... 100.00 29.39 0.59 0.92 3.79 10.68 20.47 7.84 2.00 0.00 0.18 24.15

2000–01.............................. 100.00 33.53 1.00 1.03 5.96 13.99 24.57 9.17 2.69 0.33 0.26 7.46

2001–02.............................. 100.00 33.87 0.01 1.22 5.82 13.11 26.55 7.81 2.58 0.02 0.20 8.80

2002–03.............................. 100.00 32.07 0.03 1.16 5.65 13.44 26.34 9.75 2.03 0.00 4.14 5.39

2003–04.............................. 100.00 33.64 0.08 1.27 5.69 13.27 30.33 7.48 2.88 0.00 0.23 5.13

2004–05.............................. 100.00 34.31 0.09 1.10 5.70 14.98 28.81 7.43 3.04 0.00 0.00 4.54

2005–06.............................. 100.00 37.85 0.10 1.70 6.99 12.51 25.08 7.84 1.52 0.00 0.00 6.40

2006–07.............................. 100.00 33.63 0.19 1.66 6.40 13.86 27.68 7.35 2.77 0.00 0.00 6.46

2007–08.............................. 100.00 34.53 0.18 1.12 6.79 14.30 27.67 7.07 1.79 0.00 0.00 6.55

2008–09.............................. 100.00 33.48 0.07 0.73 8.36 13.78 28.66 7.53 1.44 0.00 0.00 5.95

See notes at end of table.
530 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Essentially self-supporting operations of institutions that furnish a service to students, faculty, or staff, such as residence halls and food services.

2Excludes tuition and fee allowances and agency transactions, such as student awards

made from contributed funds or grant funds. These exclusions account for the majority of

total student grants.

3Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1998–99 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:98–99) and “Finance Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY99), and Spring 2001

through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Expenditure per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars 

All institutions

1998–99.............................. $30,291 $10,101 $3,120 $610 $2,547 $2,124 $3,972 $3,220 $490 $2,912 $1,195 —

1999–2000.......................... 31,751 10,246 3,301 570 2,564 2,241 4,169 3,269 465 2,897 1,085 $944

2000–01.............................. 33,069 10,662 3,486 569 2,846 2,363 4,416 3,480 454 2,802 1,211 781

2001–02.............................. 34,841 11,220 3,793 630 2,949 2,484 4,561 3,596 449 2,885 1,284 991

2002–03.............................. 36,479 11,725 4,052 687 2,983 2,595 4,812 3,634 429 2,774 1,419 1,368

2003–04.............................. 37,240 12,105 4,298 704 3,127 2,693 4,980 3,751 393 2,989 1,508 690

2004–05.............................. 38,472 12,636 4,465 697 3,256 2,855 5,120 3,814 373 3,199 1,472 585

2005–06.............................. 40,156 13,222 4,552 667 3,512 3,082 5,386 4,036 243 3,316 1,445 695

2006–07.............................. 42,060 13,920 4,628 688 3,675 3,239 5,684 4,204 246 3,512 1,580 685

2007–08.............................. 43,978 14,569 4,768 719 3,915 3,414 6,049 4,388 238 3,543 1,610 766

2008–09.............................. 45,853 15,069 4,951 746 4,081 3,572 6,294 4,447 246 3,870 1,673 904

4-year

1998–99.............................. 30,706 10,189 3,193 621 2,589 2,145 4,009 3,266 492 2,979 1,222 —

1999–2000.......................... 32,064 10,357 3,370 579 2,605 2,249 4,184 3,310 468 2,959 1,107 875

2000–01.............................. 33,359 10,753 3,538 576 2,877 2,368 4,429 3,514 455 2,845 1,229 776

2001–02.............................. 35,139 11,312 3,849 636 2,980 2,492 4,570 3,633 450 2,928 1,303 986

2002–03.............................. 36,742 11,810 4,106 694 3,010 2,600 4,817 3,661 430 2,812 1,429 1,374

2003–04.............................. 37,504 12,188 4,353 710 3,155 2,699 4,980 3,784 392 3,028 1,526 688

2004–05.............................. 38,726 12,716 4,519 703 3,283 2,858 5,120 3,845 371 3,238 1,490 583

2005–06.............................. 40,394 13,291 4,601 671 3,536 3,091 5,394 4,064 243 3,352 1,461 689

2006–07.............................. 42,256 13,984 4,667 691 3,696 3,243 5,686 4,228 243 3,542 1,594 680

2007–08.............................. 44,194 14,638 4,810 723 3,938 3,419 6,054 4,414 237 3,575 1,624 761

2008–09.............................. 46,080 15,143 4,993 751 4,102 3,580 6,300 4,472 246 3,903 1,688 902

2-year

1998–99.............................. 12,514 6,307 2 137 718 1,242 2,387 1,236 423 34 28 —

1999–2000.......................... 17,148 5,039 101 158 650 1,831 3,510 1,345 344 0 31 4,141

2000–01.............................. 14,494 4,860 145 150 865 2,028 3,562 1,329 389 48 38 1,081

2001–02.............................. 14,890 5,044 2 182 867 1,953 3,953 1,162 384 3 29 1,310

2002–03.............................. 16,846 5,403 6 196 952 2,263 4,438 1,642 342 0 697 908

2003–04.............................. 16,561 5,570 13 211 942 2,197 5,023 1,239 478 0 39 850

2004–05.............................. 17,552 6,023 15 194 1,001 2,629 5,057 1,304 534 0 0 796

2005–06.............................. 18,240 6,903 18 311 1,275 2,282 4,575 1,431 278 0 0 1,168

2006–07.............................. 19,498 6,557 37 323 1,248 2,703 5,397 1,433 540 0 0 1,259

2007–08.............................. 19,867 6,861 36 222 1,350 2,842 5,496 1,405 355 0 0 1,301

2008–09.............................. 19,129 6,405 13 139 1,599 2,637 5,482 1,439 276 0 0 1,138

Expenditure per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2008–09 dollars3

All institutions

1998–99.............................. $39,517 $13,177 $4,071 $796 $3,322 $2,771 $5,181 $4,201 $640 $3,799 $1,559 —

1999–2000.......................... 40,259 12,991 4,186 723 3,252 2,841 5,287 4,145 590 3,673 1,375 $1,197

2000–01.............................. 40,542 13,072 4,274 698 3,489 2,896 5,414 4,266 557 3,435 1,484 957

2001–02.............................. 41,971 13,516 4,569 758 3,552 2,992 5,494 4,332 541 3,475 1,547 1,194

2002–03.............................. 42,999 13,821 4,776 810 3,516 3,059 5,672 4,283 506 3,270 1,672 1,613

2003–04.............................. 42,956 13,963 4,958 812 3,607 3,107 5,745 4,327 454 3,448 1,739 796

2004–05.............................. 43,081 14,150 5,000 781 3,646 3,197 5,733 4,271 417 3,583 1,648 656

2005–06.............................. 43,317 14,263 4,910 720 3,789 3,325 5,810 4,354 263 3,577 1,559 749

2006–07.............................. 44,228 14,638 4,866 723 3,864 3,406 5,976 4,421 259 3,693 1,662 720

2007–08.............................. 44,592 14,772 4,835 729 3,970 3,462 6,134 4,449 241 3,592 1,633 776

2008–09.............................. 45,853 15,069 4,951 746 4,081 3,572 6,294 4,447 246 3,870 1,673 904

4-year

1998–99.............................. 40,058 13,293 4,166 811 3,378 2,798 5,230 4,261 642 3,886 1,595 —

1999–2000.......................... 40,656 13,133 4,273 734 3,304 2,852 5,305 4,197 593 3,752 1,404 1,110

2000–01.............................. 40,898 13,183 4,337 706 3,527 2,903 5,430 4,308 558 3,488 1,507 952

2001–02.............................. 42,330 13,627 4,637 766 3,590 3,002 5,505 4,376 542 3,527 1,570 1,188

2002–03.............................. 43,310 13,921 4,840 817 3,548 3,064 5,678 4,315 507 3,314 1,684 1,620

2003–04.............................. 43,261 14,059 5,021 819 3,639 3,114 5,744 4,364 452 3,492 1,761 794

2004–05.............................. 43,366 14,240 5,061 788 3,676 3,200 5,734 4,305 415 3,626 1,668 653

2005–06.............................. 43,574 14,337 4,964 724 3,815 3,334 5,819 4,384 262 3,615 1,576 744

2006–07.............................. 44,433 14,705 4,908 726 3,886 3,411 5,979 4,446 256 3,725 1,676 715

2007–08.............................. 44,811 14,842 4,878 734 3,993 3,467 6,139 4,476 240 3,624 1,647 771

2008–09.............................. 46,080 15,143 4,993 751 4,102 3,580 6,300 4,472 246 3,903 1,688 902

2-year

1998–99.............................. 16,325 8,228 2 179 937 1,621 3,113 1,612 552 44 37 —

1999–2000.......................... 21,744 6,389 128 200 824 2,322 4,450 1,705 436 0 40 5,250

2000–01.............................. 17,769 5,958 178 184 1,060 2,486 4,366 1,629 477 58 47 1,326

2001–02.............................. 17,937 6,076 3 220 1,044 2,352 4,762 1,400 463 3 35 1,578

2002–03.............................. 19,857 6,368 7 231 1,122 2,668 5,231 1,936 403 0 821 1,070

2003–04.............................. 19,103 6,425 15 244 1,086 2,534 5,794 1,429 551 0 45 980

2004–05.............................. 19,655 6,744 17 217 1,121 2,944 5,663 1,460 598 0 0 892

2005–06.............................. 19,676 7,446 20 335 1,376 2,461 4,935 1,543 300 0 0 1,260

2006–07.............................. 20,503 6,895 39 340 1,312 2,843 5,675 1,507 568 0 0 1,324

2007–08.............................. 20,144 6,957 37 225 1,368 2,881 5,573 1,424 360 0 0 1,319

2008–09.............................. 19,129 6,405 13 139 1,599 2,637 5,482 1,439 276 0 0 1,138

Table 375. Total expenditures of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of institution: 1998–99 through

2008–09—Continued

Type of institution and year

Total expenditures, by purpose

Total Instruction Research

Public

service

Academic

support

Student

services

Institutional

support

Auxiliary

enterprises1

Net grant

aid to

students2 Hospitals

Independent

operations Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 531

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Essentially self-supporting operations of institutions that furnish a service to students, faculty, or staff, such as residence halls and food services.

2Excludes tuition and fee allowances and agency transactions, such as student awards

made from contributed funds or grant funds. These exclusions account for the majority of

total student grants.

3Research universities with a very high level of research activity. 

4Research universities with a high level of research activity. 

5Includes institutions that award at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but did not have high

levels of research activity.

6Master’s institutions award at least 50 master’s degrees per year. 

7Baccalaureate institutions primarily emphasize undergraduate education. Also includes

institutions classified as 4-year under the IPEDS system, which had been classified as 2-

year in the Carnegie classification system because they primarily award associate’s

degrees.

8Special-focus 4-year institutions award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as

medicine, business, fine arts, theology, and engineering.

9Tribally controlled colleges are located on reservations and are members of the American

Indian Higher Education Consortium.

NOTE: Relative levels of research activity for research universities were determined by an

analysis of research and development expenditures, science and engineering research

staffing, and doctoral degrees conferred, by field. Further information on the research index

ranking may be obtained from http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/index.asp

?key=798#related. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and

participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because

of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009 and

Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 376. Total expenditures of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of institution: 2008–09 

Type of institution

Total expenditures, by purpose

Total Instruction Research

Public

service

Academic

support

Student

services

Institutional

support

Auxiliary

enterprises1

Net grant

aid to

students2 Hospitals

Independent

operations Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

In thousands of current dollars

Total......................................... $141,349,229 $46,452,942 $15,262,667 $2,298,526 $12,579,759 $11,012,204 $19,400,981 $13,707,921 $757,852 $11,930,840 $5,158,480 $2,787,056

4-year............................................... 140,852,609 46,286,662 15,262,322 2,294,914 12,538,248 10,943,745 19,258,651 13,670,550 750,687 11,930,840 5,158,480 2,757,510

Research university, very high3 .... 64,342,196 19,611,222 11,999,023 793,396 4,696,381 2,310,567 5,753,547 4,256,136 355,339 9,366,479 4,084,409 1,115,696

Research university, high4............ 11,297,279 3,872,497 1,105,664 145,474 1,618,071 783,079 1,549,004 1,409,973 44,724 512,819 62,276 193,699

Doctoral/research5 ....................... 7,466,253 3,162,224 170,175 117,086 866,189 784,396 1,344,797 926,126 12,054 0 27,053 56,154

Master’s6 ...................................... 22,755,905 8,745,557 269,893 252,476 2,259,694 3,181,718 4,342,874 3,019,290 127,563 112,665 148,141 296,033

Baccalaureate7............................. 20,399,608 7,201,000 214,278 184,173 1,813,525 3,122,463 3,983,416 3,349,335 145,503 0 78,672 307,241

Specialized institutions8 ............... 14,591,369 3,694,161 1,503,289 802,310 1,284,388 761,522 2,285,012 709,691 65,504 1,938,877 757,928 788,686

Art, music, or design ................ 1,805,259 728,589 788 25,549 191,466 163,082 377,242 199,467 6,068 0 29,212 83,796

Business and management ..... 548,672 190,610 6,525 21 58,999 77,668 137,040 74,896 408 0 0 2,504

Engineering or technology ....... 369,940 151,064 9,823 147 23,780 51,490 80,596 38,012 8,977 0 55 5,996

Law........................................... 557,333 244,347 4,551 6,564 92,919 63,668 124,553 13,860 1,296 0 0 5,574

Medical or other health ............ 9,225,922 1,713,744 1,472,690 731,534 713,993 222,137 969,893 178,187 13,813 1,938,877 708,983 562,071

Theological............................... 1,673,996 518,026 3,598 19,030 162,407 145,342 485,075 176,205 30,800 0 18,827 114,685

Tribal9 ....................................... 60,559 20,728 587 3,850 3,526 6,538 17,129 1,966 2,683 0 0 3,552

Other specialized ..................... 349,689 127,054 4,726 15,615 37,298 31,597 93,486 27,098 1,458 0 851 10,507

2-year............................................... 496,620 166,280 345 3,612 41,511 68,459 142,330 37,372 7,165 0 0 29,546

Associate’s of arts........................ 464,224 160,669 48 2,534 38,557 62,659 132,452 35,565 5,608 0 0 26,132

Tribal9 ........................................... 32,395 5,611 297 1,077 2,954 5,800 9,878 1,806 1,557 0 0 3,414

Percentage distribution

Total......................................... 100.00 32.86 10.80 1.63 8.90 7.79 13.73 9.70 0.54 8.44 3.65 1.97

4-year............................................... 100.00 32.86 10.84 1.63 8.90 7.77 13.67 9.71 0.53 8.47 3.66 1.96

Research university, very high3 .... 100.00 30.48 18.65 1.23 7.30 3.59 8.94 6.61 0.55 14.56 6.35 1.73

Research university, high4............ 100.00 34.28 9.79 1.29 14.32 6.93 13.71 12.48 0.40 4.54 0.55 1.71

Doctoral/research5 ....................... 100.00 42.35 2.28 1.57 11.60 10.51 18.01 12.40 0.16 0.00 0.36 0.75

Master’s6 ...................................... 100.00 38.43 1.19 1.11 9.93 13.98 19.08 13.27 0.56 0.50 0.65 1.30

Baccalaureate7............................. 100.00 35.30 1.05 0.90 8.89 15.31 19.53 16.42 0.71 0.00 0.39 1.51

Specialized institutions8 ............... 100.00 25.32 10.30 5.50 8.80 5.22 15.66 4.86 0.45 13.29 5.19 5.41

Art, music, or design ................ 100.00 40.36 0.04 1.42 10.61 9.03 20.90 11.05 0.34 0.00 1.62 4.64

Business and management ..... 100.00 34.74 1.19 0.00 10.75 14.16 24.98 13.65 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.46

Engineering or technology ....... 100.00 40.83 2.66 0.04 6.43 13.92 21.79 10.28 2.43 0.00 0.01 1.62

Law........................................... 100.00 43.84 0.82 1.18 16.67 11.42 22.35 2.49 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.00

Medical or other health ............ 100.00 18.58 15.96 7.93 7.74 2.41 10.51 1.93 0.15 21.02 7.68 6.09

Theological............................... 100.00 30.95 0.21 1.14 9.70 8.68 28.98 10.53 1.84 0.00 1.12 6.85

Tribal9 ....................................... 100.00 34.23 0.97 6.36 5.82 10.80 28.28 3.25 4.43 0.00 0.00 5.87

Other specialized ..................... 100.00 36.33 1.35 4.47 10.67 9.04 26.73 7.75 0.42 0.00 0.24 3.00

2-year............................................... 100.00 33.48 0.07 0.73 8.36 13.78 28.66 7.53 1.44 0.00 0.00 5.95

Associate’s of arts........................ 100.00 34.61 0.01 0.55 8.31 13.50 28.53 7.66 1.21 0.00 0.00 5.63

Tribal9 ........................................... 100.00 17.32 0.92 3.33 9.12 17.90 30.49 5.58 4.81 0.00 0.00 10.54

Expenditure per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

Total......................................... $45,853 $15,069 $4,951 $746 $4,081 $3,572 $6,294 $4,447 $246 $3,870 $1,673 $904

4-year............................................... 46,080 15,143 4,993 751 4,102 3,580 6,300 4,472 246 3,903 1,688 902

Research university, very high3 .... 144,864 44,154 27,015 1,786 10,574 5,202 12,954 9,583 800 21,088 9,196 2,512

Research university, high4............ 41,843 14,343 4,095 539 5,993 2,900 5,737 5,222 166 1,899 231 717

Doctoral/research5 ....................... 28,120 11,910 641 441 3,262 2,954 5,065 3,488 45 0 102 211

Master’s6 ...................................... 21,513 8,268 255 239 2,136 3,008 4,106 2,854 121 107 140 280

Baccalaureate7............................. 27,544 9,723 289 249 2,449 4,216 5,378 4,522 196 0 106 415

Specialized institutions8 ............... 52,360 13,256 5,394 2,879 4,609 2,733 8,200 2,547 235 6,958 2,720 2,830

Art, music, or design ................ 32,916 13,285 14 466 3,491 2,974 6,878 3,637 111 0 533 1,528

Business and management ..... 18,079 6,281 215 1 1,944 2,559 4,515 2,468 13 0 0 83

Engineering or technology ....... 26,593 10,859 706 11 1,709 3,701 5,794 2,733 645 0 4 431

Law........................................... 33,755 14,799 276 398 5,628 3,856 7,544 839 79 0 0 338

Medical or other health ............ 112,981 20,987 18,035 8,958 8,744 2,720 11,877 2,182 169 23,744 8,682 6,883

Theological............................... 24,167 7,479 52 275 2,345 2,098 7,003 2,544 445 0 272 1,656

Tribal9 ....................................... 23,711 8,116 230 1,507 1,381 2,560 6,707 770 1,051 0 0 1,391

Other specialized ..................... 36,521 13,269 494 1,631 3,895 3,300 9,764 2,830 152 0 89 1,097

2-year............................................... 19,129 6,405 13 139 1,599 2,637 5,482 1,439 276 0 0 1,138

Associate’s of arts........................ 18,568 6,426 2 101 1,542 2,506 5,298 1,423 224 0 0 1,045

Tribal9 ........................................... 33,710 5,839 309 1,121 3,074 6,035 10,279 1,880 1,620 0 0 3,553
532 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 377. Total expenditures of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of institution: 1999–2000 through 

2008–09

Year and type of institution

Total expenditures, by purpose

Total Instruction

Research and

public service

Student services,

academic and

institutional support

Auxiliary

enterprises1

Net grant aid to

students2 Other

1 234567 8

In thousands of current dollars

All institutions

1999–2000........................................................... $3,846,246 $1,171,732 $24,738 $2,041,594 $144,305 $26,278 $437,599

2000–01............................................................... 4,235,781 1,310,054 22,896 2,337,151 181,243 43,788 340,649

2001–02............................................................... 5,087,292 1,517,389 16,632 2,977,225 213,195 23,283 339,567

2002–03............................................................... 6,110,378 1,747,725 17,987 3,670,218 240,380 36,031 398,037

2003–04............................................................... 7,364,012 1,883,733 8,606 4,592,730 249,472 56,467 573,004

2004–05............................................................... 8,830,792 2,313,895 7,583 5,693,200 269,883 54,819 491,411

2005–06............................................................... 10,208,845 2,586,870 8,445 6,569,329 276,587 66,569 701,044

2006–07............................................................... 12,152,366 2,884,481 6,087 7,760,044 332,887 68,300 1,100,568

2007–08............................................................... 13,940,442 3,238,406 9,547 9,322,781 421,714 82,072 865,922

2008–09............................................................... 16,364,360 3,871,127 9,939 11,004,500 396,704 44,440 1,037,650

4–year

1999–2000........................................................... 2,022,622 595,976 4,393 1,104,001 92,071 11,805 214,377

2000–01............................................................... 2,414,655 726,328 4,878 1,385,095 113,371 18,519 166,465

2001–02............................................................... 3,046,929 883,899 3,192 1,842,373 134,740 8,229 174,495

2002–03............................................................... 3,754,727 1,030,470 5,339 2,337,388 153,528 14,813 213,190

2003–04............................................................... 4,821,864 1,143,050 3,705 3,108,697 168,069 32,603 365,740

2004–05............................................................... 5,989,792 1,430,196 3,513 4,110,514 180,036 38,639 226,894

2005–06............................................................... 7,218,830 1,680,603 4,065 4,985,531 179,064 54,291 315,276

2006–07............................................................... 8,837,598 1,857,765 4,303 5,909,914 228,624 56,930 780,063

2007–08............................................................... 10,424,536 2,149,651 7,534 7,335,592 312,834 71,324 547,602

2008–09............................................................... 12,399,217 2,580,208 7,629 8,832,095 276,200 33,417 669,669

2–year

1999–2000........................................................... 1,823,624 575,756 20,345 937,593 52,234 14,473 223,223

2000–01............................................................... 1,821,126 583,727 18,019 952,056 67,872 25,269 174,184

2001–02............................................................... 2,040,363 633,490 13,440 1,134,853 78,455 15,054 165,071

2002–03............................................................... 2,355,650 717,255 12,648 1,332,830 86,853 21,218 184,846

2003–04............................................................... 2,542,148 740,683 4,901 1,484,033 81,403 23,864 207,264

2004–05............................................................... 2,840,999 883,699 4,070 1,582,687 89,846 16,181 264,517

2005–06............................................................... 2,990,015 906,267 4,381 1,583,798 97,523 12,278 385,768

2006–07............................................................... 3,314,768 1,026,716 1,784 1,850,129 104,264 11,370 320,505

2007–08............................................................... 3,515,906 1,088,755 2,014 1,987,189 108,880 10,747 318,320

2008–09............................................................... 3,965,143 1,290,919 2,310 2,172,405 120,504 11,023 367,981

Percentage distribution

All institutions

1999–2000........................................................... 100.00 30.46 0.64 53.08 3.75 0.68 11.38

2000–01............................................................... 100.00 30.93 0.54 55.18 4.28 1.03 8.04

2001–02............................................................... 100.00 29.83 0.33 58.52 4.19 0.46 6.67

2002–03............................................................... 100.00 28.60 0.29 60.07 3.93 0.59 6.51

2003–04............................................................... 100.00 25.58 0.12 62.37 3.39 0.77 7.78

2004–05............................................................... 100.00 26.20 0.09 64.47 3.06 0.62 5.56

2005–06............................................................... 100.00 25.34 0.08 64.35 2.71 0.65 6.87

2006–07............................................................... 100.00 23.74 0.05 63.86 2.74 0.56 9.06

2007–08............................................................... 100.00 23.23 0.07 66.88 3.03 0.59 6.21

2008–09............................................................... 100.00 23.66 0.06 67.25 2.42 0.27 6.34

4–year

1999–2000........................................................... 100.00 29.47 0.22 54.58 4.55 0.58 10.60

2000–01............................................................... 100.00 30.08 0.20 57.36 4.70 0.77 6.89

2001–02............................................................... 100.00 29.01 0.10 60.47 4.42 0.27 5.73

2002–03............................................................... 100.00 27.44 0.14 62.25 4.09 0.39 5.68

2003–04............................................................... 100.00 23.71 0.08 64.47 3.49 0.68 7.59

2004–05............................................................... 100.00 23.88 0.06 68.63 3.01 0.65 3.79

2005–06............................................................... 100.00 23.28 0.06 69.06 2.48 0.75 4.37

2006–07............................................................... 100.00 21.02 0.05 66.87 2.59 0.64 8.83

2007–08............................................................... 100.00 20.62 0.07 70.37 3.00 0.68 5.25

2008–09............................................................... 100.00 20.81 0.06 71.23 2.23 0.27 5.40

2–year

1999–2000........................................................... 100.00 31.57 1.12 51.41 2.86 0.79 12.24

2000–01............................................................... 100.00 32.05 0.99 52.28 3.73 1.39 9.56

2001–02............................................................... 100.00 31.05 0.66 55.62 3.85 0.74 8.09

2002–03............................................................... 100.00 30.45 0.54 56.58 3.69 0.90 7.85

2003–04............................................................... 100.00 29.14 0.19 58.38 3.20 0.94 8.15

2004–05............................................................... 100.00 31.11 0.14 55.71 3.16 0.57 9.31

2005–06............................................................... 100.00 30.31 0.15 52.97 3.26 0.41 12.90

2006–07............................................................... 100.00 30.97 0.05 55.81 3.15 0.34 9.67

2007–08............................................................... 100.00 30.97 0.06 56.52 3.10 0.31 9.05

2008–09............................................................... 100.00 32.56 0.06 54.79 3.04 0.28 9.28

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 533

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Essentially self-supporting operations of institutions that furnish a service to students, faculty, or staff, such as residence halls and food services. 

2Excludes tuition and fee allowances and agency transactions, such as student awards made

from contributed funds or grant funds.

3Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

1999–2000 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:99) and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Total expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

All institutions

1999–2000........................................................... $10,000 $3,046 $64 $5,308 $375 $68 $1,138

2000–01............................................................... 10,781 3,334 58 5,949 461 111 867

2001–02............................................................... 11,144 3,324 36 6,522 467 51 744

2002–03............................................................... 11,301 3,232 33 6,788 445 67 736

2003–04............................................................... 11,381 2,911 13 7,098 386 87 886

2004–05............................................................... 11,205 2,936 10 7,224 342 70 624

2005–06............................................................... 11,336 2,873 9 7,295 307 74 778

2006–07............................................................... 12,880 3,057 6 8,225 353 72 1,166

2007–08............................................................... 13,527 3,142 9 9,046 409 80 840

2008–09............................................................... 12,848 3,039 8 8,640 311 35 815

4–year

1999–2000........................................................... 9,688 2,855 21 5,288 441 57 1,027

2000–01............................................................... 10,588 3,185 21 6,074 497 81 730

2001–02............................................................... 11,021 3,197 12 6,664 487 30 631

2002–03............................................................... 10,862 2,981 15 6,762 444 43 617

2003–04............................................................... 11,291 2,677 9 7,279 394 76 856

2004–05............................................................... 10,818 2,583 6 7,424 325 70 410

2005–06............................................................... 10,897 2,537 6 7,526 270 82 476

2006–07............................................................... 12,551 2,638 6 8,393 325 81 1,108

2007–08............................................................... 13,212 2,725 10 9,297 396 90 694

2008–09............................................................... 12,654 2,633 8 9,013 282 34 683

2–year

1999–2000........................................................... 10,370 3,274 116 5,332 297 82 1,269

2000–01............................................................... 11,048 3,541 109 5,776 412 153 1,057

2001–02............................................................... 11,333 3,519 75 6,303 436 84 917

2002–03............................................................... 12,081 3,678 65 6,835 445 109 948

2003–04............................................................... 11,557 3,367 22 6,747 370 108 942

2004–05............................................................... 12,120 3,770 17 6,752 383 69 1,128

2005–06............................................................... 12,558 3,806 18 6,652 410 52 1,620

2006–07............................................................... 13,848 4,289 7 7,729 436 47 1,339

2007–08............................................................... 14,555 4,507 8 8,226 451 44 1,318

2008–09............................................................... 13,498 4,394 8 7,395 410 38 1,253

Total expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2008–09 dollars3

All institutions

1999–2000........................................................... $12,680 $3,863 $82 $6,731 $476 $87 $1,443

2000–01............................................................... 11,375 3,518 61 6,276 487 118 915

2001–02............................................................... 13,424 4,004 44 7,856 563 61 896

2002–03............................................................... 13,321 3,810 39 8,002 524 79 868

2003–04............................................................... 13,128 3,358 15 8,188 445 101 1,022

2004–05............................................................... 12,548 3,288 11 8,089 383 78 698

2005–06............................................................... 12,229 3,099 10 7,869 331 80 840

2006–07............................................................... 13,544 3,215 7 8,649 371 76 1,227

2007–08............................................................... 13,716 3,186 9 9,173 415 81 852

2008–09............................................................... 12,848 3,039 8 8,640 311 35 815

4–year

1999–2000........................................................... 12,285 3,620 27 6,705 559 72 1,302

2000–01............................................................... 12,981 3,905 26 7,446 609 100 895

2001–02............................................................... 13,276 3,851 14 8,027 587 36 760

2002–03............................................................... 12,803 3,514 18 7,970 524 51 727

2003–04............................................................... 13,024 3,087 10 8,397 454 88 988

2004–05............................................................... 12,114 2,892 7 8,313 364 78 459

2005–06............................................................... 11,755 2,737 7 8,119 292 88 513

2006–07............................................................... 13,198 2,774 6 8,826 341 85 1,165

2007–08............................................................... 13,397 2,763 10 9,427 402 92 704

2008–09............................................................... 12,654 2,633 8 9,013 282 34 683

2–year

1999–2000........................................................... 13,149 4,152 147 6,761 377 104 1,610

2000–01............................................................... 13,545 4,342 134 7,081 505 188 1,296

2001–02............................................................... 13,652 4,239 90 7,593 525 101 1,104

2002–03............................................................... 14,240 4,336 76 8,057 525 128 1,117

2003–04............................................................... 13,331 3,884 26 7,782 427 125 1,087

2004–05............................................................... 13,572 4,222 19 7,561 429 77 1,264

2005–06............................................................... 13,547 4,106 20 7,176 442 56 1,748

2006–07............................................................... 14,561 4,510 8 8,127 458 50 1,408

2007–08............................................................... 14,758 4,570 8 8,341 457 45 1,336

2008–09............................................................... 13,498 4,394 8 7,395 410 38 1,253

Table 377. Total expenditures of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of institution: 1999–2000 through 

2008–09—Continued

Year and type of institution

Total expenditures, by purpose

Total Instruction

Research and

public service

Student services,

academic and

institutional support

Auxiliary

enterprises1

Net grant aid to

students2 Other

1 234567 8
534 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Essentially self-supporting operations of institutions that furnish a service to students, faculty, or staff, such as residence halls and food services.

2Excludes tuition and fee allowances and agency transactions, such as student awards

made from contributed funds or grant funds.

3Includes institutions that award at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but did not have high

levels of research activity.

4Master’s institutions award at least 50 master’s degrees per year. 

5Baccalaureate institutions primarily emphasize undergraduate education. Also includes

institutions classified as 4-year under the IPEDS system, which had been classified as 2-

year in the Carnegie classification system because they primarily award associate’s

degrees.

6Special focus 4-year institutions award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as

medicine, business, fine arts, theology, and engineering.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in

Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2009 and

Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 378. Total expenditures of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose and type of institution: 2008–09

Type of institution

Total expenditures, by purpose

Total Instruction

Research and public

service

Student services,

academic and

institutional support

Auxiliary

enterprises1

Net grant aid

to students2 Other

1 234567 8

In thousands of current dollars

Total...................................................... $16,364,360 $3,871,127 $9,939 $11,004,500 $396,704 $44,440 $1,037,650

4–year........................................................... 12,399,217 2,580,208 7,629 8,832,095 276,200 33,417 669,669

Doctoral/research3 .................................... 2,577,448 404,378 264 2,084,457 2,625 0 85,725

Master’s4 ................................................... 2,269,558 375,006 224 1,640,841 44,968 310 208,209

Baccalaureate5.......................................... 2,801,981 734,472 1,426 1,866,096 50,419 14,086 135,481

Specialized institutions6 ............................ 4,750,230 1,066,352 5,716 3,240,701 178,189 19,021 240,253

Art, music, or design ............................. 1,905,533 486,545 3,511 1,259,830 130,184 1,021 24,441

 Business and management .................. 1,378,268 231,214 197 978,632 35,747 11,540 120,938

Engineering or technology .................... 984,856 231,612 207 705,542 8,841 1,400 37,255

Law........................................................ 105,273 27,408 1,154 53,656 76 5,060 17,919

Medical or other health ......................... 254,911 47,027 647 178,761 1,525 0 26,951

Other specialized .................................. 121,390 42,546 0 64,279 1,816 0 12,749

2–year........................................................... 3,965,143 1,290,919 2,310 2,172,405 120,504 11,023 367,981

Percentage distribution

Total...................................................... 100.00 23.66 0.06 67.25 2.42 0.27 6.34

4–year........................................................... 100.00 20.81 0.06 71.23 2.23 0.27 5.40

Doctoral/research3 .................................... 100.00 15.69 0.01 80.87 0.10 0.00 3.33

Master’s4 ................................................... 100.00 16.52 0.01 72.30 1.98 0.01 9.17

Baccalaureate5.......................................... 100.00 26.21 0.05 66.60 1.80 0.50 4.84

Specialized institutions6 ............................ 100.00 22.45 0.12 68.22 3.75 0.40 5.06

Art, music, or design ............................. 100.00 25.53 0.18 66.11 6.83 0.05 1.28

 Business and management .................. 100.00 16.78 0.01 71.00 2.59 0.84 8.77

Engineering or technology .................... 100.00 23.52 0.02 71.64 0.90 0.14 3.78

Law........................................................ 100.00 26.04 1.10 50.97 0.07 4.81 17.02

Medical or other health ......................... 100.00 18.45 0.25 70.13 0.60 0.00 10.57

Other specialized .................................. 100.00 35.05 0.00 52.95 1.50 0.00 10.50

2–year........................................................... 100.00 32.56 0.06 54.79 3.04 0.28 9.28

Expenditure per full-time-equivalent student in current dollars

Total...................................................... $12,848 $3,039 $8 $8,640 $311 $35 $815

4–year........................................................... 12,654 2,633 8 9,013 282 34 683

Doctoral/research3 .................................... 7,328 1,150 1 5,926 7 0 244

Master’s4 ................................................... 13,537 2,237 1 9,787 268 2 1,242

Baccalaureate5.......................................... 15,436 4,046 8 10,280 278 78 746

Specialized institutions6 ............................ 17,027 3,822 20 11,616 639 68 861

Art, music, or design ............................. 21,854 5,580 40 14,448 1,493 12 280

 Business and management .................. 11,789 1,978 2 8,371 306 99 1,034

Engineering or technology .................... 18,629 4,381 4 13,346 167 26 705

Law........................................................ 36,591 9,527 401 18,650 26 1,759 6,228

Medical or other health ......................... 20,733 3,825 53 14,539 124 0 2,192

Other specialized .................................. 17,734 6,216 0 9,391 265 0 1,863

2–year........................................................... 13,498 4,394 8 7,395 410 38 1,253
CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 535

Expenditures

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV

federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1999–2000

through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Spring 2001 through

Spring 2010. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 379. Total expenditures of private not-for-profit and for-profit degree-granting institutions, by level and state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 

1999–2000 through 2008–09

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Not-for-profit institutions For-profit institutions

1999–2000 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07

2007–08 2008–09

Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year 2007–08 2008–09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ... $80,613,037 $110,394,127 $116,817,913 $124,557,725 $133,503,539 $132,967,352 $536,187 $141,349,229 $140,852,609 $496,620 $13,940,442 $16,364,360

Alabama ................... 393,465 459,250 473,626 505,523 525,506 525,506 † 546,535 546,535 † 75,320 98,444

Alaska....................... 19,042 21,076 23,276 14,740 15,338 15,338 † 17,211 17,211 † 6,275 9,109

Arizona ..................... 143,698 147,825 144,560 136,677 156,501 156,501 † 165,960 165,960 † 2,246,491 2,722,216

Arkansas................... 230,860 239,357 239,460 251,234 275,135 275,135 † 287,259 287,259 † 20,364 26,615

California .................. 7,871,651 10,728,872 11,328,736 12,121,864 12,868,260 12,824,294 43,965 13,421,736 13,379,113 42,622 1,742,128 2,047,729

Colorado ................... 376,887 524,349 562,544 585,013 617,099 614,443 2,656 632,322 629,882 2,440 576,748 611,882

Connecticut............... 2,094,981 2,882,963 3,074,362 3,279,174 3,599,071 3,578,785 20,286 3,858,956 3,833,724 25,232 47,948 52,340

Delaware................... 52,533 87,617 93,079 105,469 114,940 110,584 4,355 124,757 119,977 4,780 † 0

District of Columbia .. 2,267,409 2,824,081 2,922,770 3,134,498 3,382,416 3,382,416 † 3,715,850 3,715,850 † 258,686 328,919

Florida....................... 2,031,623 3,067,443 3,239,855 3,598,947 4,053,067 4,051,380 1,687 4,523,485 4,521,415 2,070 1,194,823 1,379,974

Georgia..................... 2,635,438 3,442,374 3,694,276 3,863,137 4,070,825 4,045,391 25,434 4,340,833 4,330,498 10,335 395,565 509,600

Hawaii....................... 209,135 195,152 199,857 199,856 204,318 204,318 † 214,383 214,383 † 28,731 37,439

Idaho......................... 118,150 164,694 176,300 188,165 199,378 199,378 † 219,607 219,607 † 17,119 23,649

Illinois........................ 5,668,566 7,113,842 7,310,521 8,003,782 8,659,351 8,645,554 13,797 9,088,501 9,076,041 12,460 939,766 988,986

Indiana...................... 1,343,315 1,796,767 1,879,185 1,996,634 2,099,562 2,093,222 6,340 2,185,735 2,179,264 6,471 360,238 433,600

Iowa .......................... 740,760 921,320 961,673 1,025,119 1,096,403 1,093,739 2,664 1,143,991 1,140,586 3,405 502,716 758,054

Kansas...................... 208,729 265,476 277,289 306,622 339,399 317,606 21,794 357,557 334,950 22,606 26,927 35,743

Kentucky ................... 400,513 470,392 495,803 517,782 555,967 555,967 † 589,525 589,525 † 159,716 187,046

Louisiana .................. 746,629 940,075 1,088,847 902,642 893,334 893,334 † 1,032,490 1,032,490 † 79,405 89,353

Maine........................ 316,114 422,938 451,904 479,171 511,073 508,895 2,179 530,015 526,969 3,047 11,578 11,192

Maryland................... 2,205,880 3,497,182 3,716,510 3,965,788 4,182,593 4,182,593 † 4,547,357 4,547,357 † 58,370 70,854

Massachusetts.......... 7,591,344 10,799,206 11,622,482 12,192,561 13,093,562 13,076,270 17,292 13,916,336 13,904,907 11,429 88,955 103,384

Michigan ................... 995,384 1,327,051 1,407,082 1,433,884 1,532,229 1,532,229 † 1,563,761 1,563,761 † 84,783 100,224

Minnesota ................. 1,004,427 1,297,457 1,358,101 1,446,858 1,542,479 1,539,729 2,750 1,626,949 1,624,485 2,463 685,848 784,964

Mississippi ................ 150,123 178,142 192,778 195,996 205,197 205,197 † 221,582 221,582 † 24,669 16,466

Missouri .................... 2,144,299 3,128,635 3,336,361 3,486,983 3,671,592 3,645,802 25,790 3,864,444 3,837,877 26,567 344,635 277,715

Montana.................... 69,426 91,446 91,423 97,769 102,845 94,324 8,521 104,336 96,859 7,477 † †

Nebraska .................. 387,569 557,724 590,420 637,536 687,153 684,853 2,299 699,561 696,869 2,692 36,176 34,999

Nevada ..................... 7,006 9,637 11,116 30,311 37,411 37,411 † 43,433 43,433 † 123,251 118,434

New Hampshire ........ 589,823 883,914 932,584 992,159 1,071,230 1,070,035 1,195 1,073,128 1,071,966 1,162 48,467 47,523

New Jersey ............... 1,362,090 1,873,156 2,038,712 2,143,312 2,300,613 2,300,613 † 2,472,048 2,472,048 † 91,612 115,467

New Mexico .............. 54,280 54,076 60,376 59,510 60,922 60,922 † 31,149 31,149 † 45,591 111,888

New York................... 12,519,671 17,680,799 18,471,543 20,111,096 21,721,660 21,641,041 80,619 22,892,724 22,808,334 84,390 667,775 718,608

North Carolina .......... 3,530,337 4,808,306 5,158,463 5,540,302 5,904,228 5,891,386 12,842 6,272,149 6,261,034 11,115 76,722 116,192

North Dakota ............ 56,000 88,860 92,921 95,061 97,781 71,002 26,779 94,477 74,591 19,886 12,014 14,835

Ohio .......................... 2,211,035 3,017,764 3,205,370 3,334,147 3,431,802 3,417,702 14,100 3,551,098 3,535,844 15,254 367,147 437,588

Oklahoma ................. 338,276 392,427 419,638 463,629 479,382 479,382 † 515,934 515,934 † 85,333 103,780

Oregon...................... 456,683 550,322 578,958 620,302 671,348 671,348 † 706,683 706,683 † 101,677 118,604

Pennsylvania............. 7,590,629 9,960,675 10,603,066 11,252,008 12,039,799 11,921,745 118,054 12,681,659 12,573,274 108,385 677,975 706,505

Rhode Island ............ 828,715 1,237,106 1,287,905 1,367,600 1,468,749 1,468,749 † 1,554,627 1,554,627 † 9,076 7,084

South Carolina.......... 408,127 563,952 570,769 605,736 763,573 750,920 12,653 786,592 773,734 12,858 53,667 69,377

South Dakota............ 69,555 99,575 107,581 111,659 117,465 114,396 3,069 117,711 115,152 2,559 30,502 30,354

Tennessee ................ 1,971,564 3,140,336 3,435,062 3,717,946 3,970,594 3,968,340 2,254 4,262,494 4,260,505 1,988 211,102 245,140

Texas ........................ 2,490,597 3,379,710 3,542,703 3,718,549 4,002,023 3,985,196 16,827 4,283,965 4,268,028 15,937 481,695 677,625

Utah .......................... 648,035 867,956 888,654 935,899 971,056 960,193 10,863 962,042 950,157 11,885 103,675 115,801

Vermont .................... 347,293 510,623 553,310 620,608 670,263 647,366 22,897 762,710 739,003 23,707 23,478 24,079

Virginia...................... 944,905 1,311,743 1,400,161 1,503,421 1,587,241 1,587,241 † 1,686,972 1,686,972 † 380,405 443,621

Washington............... 600,315 778,678 803,657 847,942 921,089 921,089 † 964,938 964,938 † 123,645 140,546

West Virginia............. 170,653 181,181 181,222 184,220 201,405 201,405 † 201,699 201,699 † 90,811 121,720

Wisconsin ................. 999,502 1,410,625 1,521,060 1,628,880 1,759,315 1,747,089 12,226 1,889,964 1,888,566 1,398 81,610 102,556

Wyoming................... † † † † † † † † † † 39,235 36,535

Other 

jurisdictions.. 431,216 615,990 648,562 661,324 726,558 688,339 38,218 727,264 685,315 41,949 105,094 116,452

Guam........................ † 1,535 2,635 2,797 2,091 2,091 † 3,680 3,680 † † †

Puerto Rico............... 431,216 614,455 645,927 658,526 724,467 686,248 38,218 723,583 681,635 41,949 105,094 116,452

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 537

CHAPTER 4

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

This chapter provides a summary of federal legislation and

funding for education that describes the scope and variety of

federal education programs. Data in this chapter primarily

reflect outlays and appropriations of federal agencies. These

tabulations differ from federal receipts reported in other chapters because of numerous variations in the data collection systems. Federal dollars are not necessarily spent by recipient

institutions in the same year in which they are appropriated. In

some cases, institutions cannot identify the source of federal

revenues because they flow through state agencies. Some

types of revenues, such as tuition and fees, are reported as revenues from students even though they may be supported by

federal student aid programs. Some institutions that receive

federal education funds are not included in regular surveys,

censuses, and administrative data collections conducted by

the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Thus,

the federal programs data tabulated in this chapter are not

comparable with figures reported in other chapters. Readers

should also be careful about comparing the data on obligations shown in table 387 with the data on outlays and appropriations appearing in other tables in this chapter.

Federal on-budget funding (federal appropriations) for

education increased 349 percent from fiscal year (FY) 1965

to FY 2009, after adjustment for inflation (table D and table

380). Between FY 1965 and FY 1975, federal on-budget

funding for education increased 145 percent. After a

decrease of less than 1 percent from FY 1975 to FY 1980,

there was a further decrease of 17 percent from FY 1980 to

FY 1985. Thereafter, federal on-budget funding for education generally increased. After adjustment for inflation,

federal on-budget funding for education increased by

13 percent from FY 1985 to FY 1990, by 19 percent from

FY 1990 to FY 1995, by 9 percent from FY 1995 to FY

2000, and by 51 percent from FY 2000 to FY 2009.

Between FY 1990 and FY 2000, after adjustment for

inflation, federal on-budget funding increased for three of

the four major categories reported: elementary and secondary education (by 55 percent), other education (by 26 percent), and research at educational institutions (by 34 percent)

(table D, table 380, and figure 18). During the same period,

funding for postsecondary education decreased by 14 percent. Between FY 2000 and FY 2009, federal funding

increased for each of the four major categories: elementary

and secondary education (by 60 percent), postsecondary

education (by 93 percent), other education (by 19 percent),

and research at educational institutions (by 11 percent). For

FY 2010, federal program funds were estimated to be $115.4

billion for elementary and secondary education, $47.9 billion for postsecondary education, and $10.6 billion for other

education programs (table 382). (FY 2010 data on research

at educational institutions were not available at the time this

publication was prepared.) 

After adjustment for inflation, off-budget support (federal support for education not tied to appropriations) and

nonfederal funds generated by federal legislation (e.g., private loans, grants, and aid) showed an increase of 134 percent between FY 1990 ($18.4 billion in FY 2010 dollars)

and FY 2000 ($43.0 billion in FY 2010 dollars) (table 380).

In FY 2009, these same funds totaled $98.7 billion in FY

2010 dollars, an increase of 129 percent over FY 2000. In

FY 2010, these funds were an estimated $109.3 billion.

In FY 2009, federal on-budget funds for education totaled

$163.1 billion in current dollars (figure 19 and table 381).

The U.S. Department of Education provided about 52 percent ($85.2 billion) of this total. Large amounts of money

also came from the U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services ($28.5 billion), the U.S. Department of Agriculture

($16.4 billion), the U.S. Department of Defense ($6.7 billion), the U.S. Department of Labor ($6.1 billion), the

National Science Foundation ($5.0 billion), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ($4.6 billion), the U.S. Department

of Energy ($2.9 billion), and the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration ($1.7 billion).

Table D. Federal on-budget funding for education, by category: 

Selected fiscal years, 1965 through 2009

[In billions of constant fiscal year 2010 dollars]

Year Total

Elementary/

secondary

PostsecondaryOther

education

Research at

educational

institutions

1965 ............. $36.9 $13.5 $8.3 $2.6 $12.6

1975 ............. 90.5 41.2 29.7 6.2 13.3

1980 ............. 89.7 41.7 28.9 4.0 15.1

1985 ............. 74.6 32.3 21.4 4.0 16.9

1990 ............. 84.7 36.1 22.4 5.6 20.7

1995 ............. 100.6 47.2 24.7 6.6 22.0

2000 ............. 110.0 56.1 19.2 7.0 27.7

2009 ............. 165.8 89.6 37.0 8.3 30.8

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service and National Center

for Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and

Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix, various FYs. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, various FYs.
538 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

In FY 2009, educational institutions (including local education agencies, state education agencies, and degree-granting institutions) received an estimated 68 percent ($110.1

billion in current dollars) of federal program funds for education (table 383). Another 14 percent ($22.3 billion) was used

for postsecondary student support. Other education organizations (including Head Start programs at child care centers,

Job Corps and other vocational programs, adult basic education programs, and federal programs at libraries and museums) received 14 percent ($22.5 billion) of federal program

funds for education. Federal institutions received 3 percent

($5.6 billion). Other recipients (including American Indian

tribes, private nonprofit agencies, and banks) received 2 percent ($2.6 billion) of federal program funds for education. 

Of the $116.8 billion in current dollars spent by the U.S.

Department of Education in FY 2010, about 50 percent

($58.9 billion) went to local education agencies (school districts) and 10 percent ($11.7 billion) to state education agencies (table 384 and figure 20). About 16 percent ($18.9

billion) went to postsecondary institutions and another 16

percent ($18.7 billion) to postsecondary students. Smaller

percentages (totaling 7 percent) went to federal institutions,

other education organizations, and other recipients. Local

education agencies received a greater percentage of U.S.

Department of Education expenditures in FY 2010 than in

FY 2009 (50 percent vs. 47 percent).

Chronology of Federal Education 

Legislation

A capsule view of the history of federal education activities is provided in the following list of selected legislation:

1787 Northwest Ordinance authorized land grants for the

establishment of educational institutions. 

1802 An Act Fixing the Military Peace Establishment of the

United States established the U.S. Military Academy. (The U.S. Naval Academy was established in

1845 by the Secretary of the Navy.) 

1862 First Morrill Act authorized public land grants to the

states for the establishment and maintenance of agricultural and mechanical colleges. 

1867 Department of Education Act authorized the establishment of the U.S. Department of Education.1

1876 Appropriation Act, U.S. Department of the Treasury,

established the U.S. Coast Guard Academy.

1890 Second Morrill Act provided for money grants for support of instruction in the agricultural and mechanical

colleges.

1 The U.S. Department of Education as established in 1867 was later known

as the Office of Education. In 1980, under Public Law 96-88, it became a

cabinet-level department. Therefore, for purposes of consistency, it is

referred to as the “U.S. Department of Education” even in those tables covering years when it was officially the Office of Education.

1911 State Marine School Act authorized federal funds to be

used for the benefit of any nautical school in any of

11 specified state seaport cities.

1917 Smith-Hughes Act provided for grants to states for

support of vocational education.

1918 Vocational Rehabilitation Act provided for grants for

rehabilitation through training of World War I veterans.

1920 Smith-Bankhead Act authorized grants to states for

vocational rehabilitation programs.

1935 Bankhead-Jones Act (Public Law 74-182) authorized

grants to states for agricultural experiment stations.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (Public Law 74-320)

authorized 30 percent of the annual customs receipts

to be used to encourage the exportation and domestic

consumption of agricultural commodities. Commodities purchased under this authorization began to be

used in school lunch programs in 1936. The National

School Lunch Act of 1946 continued and expanded

this assistance.

1936 An Act to Further the Development and Maintenance

of an Adequate and Well-Balanced American Merchant Marine (Public Law 74-415) established the

U.S. Merchant Marine Academy.

1937 National Cancer Institute Act established the Public

Health Service fellowship program. 

1941 Amendment to Lanham Act of 1940 authorized federal

aid for construction, maintenance, and operation of

schools in federally impacted areas. Such assistance

was continued under Public Law 815 and Public Law

874, 81st Congress, in 1950.

1943 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (Public Law 78-16) provided assistance to disabled veterans.

School Lunch Indemnity Plan (Public Law 78-129)

provided funds for local lunch food purchases.

1944 Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (Public Law 78-346),

known as the GI Bill, provided assistance for the education of veterans. 

Surplus Property Act (Public Law 78-457) authorized

transfer of surplus property to educational institutions.

1946 National School Lunch Act (Public Law 79-396)

authorized assistance through grants-in-aid and

other means to states to assist in providing adequate

foods and facilities for the establishment, maintenance, operation, and expansion of nonprofit school

lunch programs.

George-Barden Act (Public Law 80-402) expanded

federal support of vocational education.

1948 United States Information and Educational Exchange

Act (Public Law 80-402) provided for the interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills between

the United States and other countries.
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 539

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1949 Federal Property and Administrative Services Act

(Public Law 81-152) provided for donation of surplus property to educational institutions and for other

public purposes.

1950 Financial Assistance for Local Educational Agencies

Affected by Federal Activities (Public Law 81-815

and Public Law 81-874) provided assistance for construction (Public Law 815) and operation (Public

Law 874) of schools in federally affected areas.

Housing Act (Public Law 81-475) authorized loans for

construction of college housing facilities.

1954 An Act for the Establishment of the United States Air

Force Academy and Other Purposes (Public Law 83-

325) established the U.S. Air Force Academy.

Educational Research Act (Public Law 83-531) authorized cooperative arrangements with universities,

colleges, and state educational agencies for educational research.

School Milk Program Act (Public Law 83-597) provided funds for purchase of milk for school lunch

programs.

1956 Library Services Act (Public Law 84-597) provided

grants to states for extension and improvement of

rural public library services.

1957 Practical Nurse Training Act (Public Law 84-911)

provided grants to states for practical nurse training.

1958 National Defense Education Act (Public Law 85-864)

provided assistance to state and local school systems for

instruction in science, mathematics, modern foreign

languages, and other critical subjects; state statistical

services; guidance, counseling, and testing services and

training institutes; higher education student loans and

fellowships as well as foreign language study and training; experimentation and dissemination of information

on more effective use of television, motion pictures, and

related media for educational purposes; and vocational

education for technical occupations necessary to the

national defense.

Education of Mentally Retarded Children Act (Public

Law 85-926) authorized federal assistance for training

teachers of the disabled.

Captioned Films for the Deaf Act (Public Law 85-905)

authorized a loan service of captioned films for the

deaf.

1961 Area Redevelopment Act (Public Law 87-27) included

provisions for training or retraining of persons in redevelopment areas.

1962 Manpower Development and Training Act (Public Law

87-415) provided training in new and improved skills

for the unemployed and underemployed.

Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (Public

Law 87-510) authorized loans, advances, and grants

for education and training of refugees.

1963 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1963

(Public Law 88-129) provided funds to expand teaching facilities and for loans to students in the health

professions.

Vocational Education Act of 1963 (Part of Public Law

88-210) increased federal support of vocational education schools; vocational work-study programs; and

research, training, and demonstrations in vocational

education.

Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963 (Public Law

88-204) authorized grants and loans for classrooms,

libraries, and laboratories in public community colleges and technical institutes, as well as undergraduate

and graduate facilities in other institutions of higher

education.

1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-352) authorized the Commissioner of Education to arrange for

support for institutions of higher education and school

districts to provide inservice programs for assisting

instructional staff in dealing with problems caused by

desegregation.

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-

452) authorized grants for college work-study programs for students from low-income families; established a Job Corps program and authorized support for

work-training programs to provide education and

vocational training and work experience opportunities

in welfare programs; authorized support of education

and training activities and of community action programs, including Head Start, Follow Through, and

Upward Bound; and authorized the establishment of

Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA).

1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

(Public Law 89-10) authorized grants for elementary

and secondary school programs for children of lowincome families; school library resources, textbooks,

and other instructional materials for school children;

supplementary educational centers and services;

strengthening state education agencies; and educational research and research training.

Health Professions Educational Assistance Amendments of 1965 (Public Law 89-290) authorized scholarships to aid needy students in the health professions.

Higher Education Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-329)

provided grants for university community service programs, college library assistance, library training and

research, strengthening developing institutions,

teacher training programs, and undergraduate instructional equipment. Authorized insured student loans,

established a National Teacher Corps, and provided

for graduate teacher training fellowships.

National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities

Act (Public Law 89-209) authorized grants and loans

for projects in the creative and performing arts and for

research, training, and scholarly publications in the

humanities.
540 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

National Technical Institute for the Deaf Act (Public

Law 89-36) provided for the establishment, construction, equipping, and operation of a residential school

for postsecondary education and technical training of

the deaf.

School Assistance in Disaster Areas Act (Public Law

89-313) provided for assistance to local education

agencies to help meet exceptional costs resulting from

a major disaster.

1966 International Education Act (Public Law 89-698) provided grants to institutions of higher education for the

establishment, strengthening, and operation of centers

for research and training in international studies and

the international aspects of other fields of study.

National Sea Grant College and Program Act (Public

Law 89-688) authorized the establishment and operation of Sea Grant Colleges and programs by initiating

and supporting programs of education and research in

the various fields relating to the development of

marine resources.

Adult Education Act (Public Law 89-750) authorized

grants to states for the encouragement and expansion

of educational programs for adults, including training

of teachers of adults and demonstrations in adult education (previously part of Economic Opportunity Act

of 1964).

Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act (Public Law

89-694) authorized the establishment and operation,

by Gallaudet College, of a model secondary school for

the deaf.

1967 Education Professions Development Act (Public Law

90-35) amended the Higher Education Act of 1965 for

the purpose of improving the quality of teaching and

to help meet critical shortages of adequately trained

educational personnel.

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-129)

established a Corporation for Public Broadcasting to

assume major responsibility in channeling federal

funds to noncommercial radio and television stations,

program production groups, and educational television networks; conduct research, demonstration, or

training in matters related to noncommercial broadcasting; and award grants for construction of educational radio and television facilities.

1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of

1968, (Public Law 90-247) modified existing programs and authorized support of regional centers for

education of children with disabilities, model centers

and services for deaf-blind children, recruitment of

personnel and dissemination of information on education of the disabled; technical assistance in education

to rural areas; support of dropout prevention projects;

and support of bilingual education programs.

Handicapped Children’s Early Education Assistance Act

(Public Law 90-538) authorized preschool and early

education programs for disabled children.

Vocational Education Amendments of 1968 (Public

Law 90-576) modified existing programs and provided for a National Advisory Council on Vocational Education and collection and dissemination of

information for programs administered by the Commissioner of Education.

1970 Elementary and Secondary Education Assistance Programs, Extension (Public Law 91-230) authorized

comprehensive planning and evaluation grants to state

and local education agencies; provided for the establishment of a National Commission on School Finance.

National Commission on Libraries and Information Services Act (Public Law 91-345) established a National

Commission on Libraries and Information Science to

effectively utilize the nation’s educational resources.

Office of Education Appropriation Act (Public Law

91-380) provided emergency school assistance to

desegregating local education agencies.

Environmental Education Act (Public Law 91-516)

established an Office of Environmental Education

to develop curriculum and initiate and maintain

environmental education programs at the elementary/secondary levels; disseminate information;

provide training programs for teachers and other

educational, public, community, labor, and industrial leaders and employees; provide community

education programs; and distribute material dealing

with the environment and ecology.

Drug Abuse Education Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-

527) provided for development, demonstration, and

evaluation of curricula on the problems of drug abuse.

1971 Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of

1971 (Public Law 92-257) amended Title VII of the

Public Health Service Act, increasing and expanding

provisions for health manpower training and training

facilities.

1972 Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972 (Public

Law 92-255) established a Special Action Office for

Drug Abuse Prevention to provide overall planning

and policy for all federal drug-abuse prevention functions; a National Advisory Council for Drug Abuse

Prevention; community assistance grants for community mental health centers for treatment and rehabilitation of persons with drug-abuse problems; and, in

December 1974, a National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Education Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-318)

established the Education Division in the U.S.

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and

the National Institute of Education; general aid for

institutions of higher education; federal matching

grants for state Student Incentive Grants; a National
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 541

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Commission on Financing Postsecondary Education;

State Advisory Councils on Community Colleges; a

Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education and

State Grants for the design, establishment, and conduct of postsecondary occupational education; and a

bureau-level Office of Indian Education. Amended

current U.S. Department of Education programs to

increase their effectiveness and better meet special

needs. Prohibited sex bias in admission to vocational, professional, and graduate schools, and public

institutions of undergraduate higher education.

1973 Older Americans Comprehensive Services Amendment of 1973 (Public Law 93-29) made available to

older citizens comprehensive programs of health,

education, and social services.

Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973

(Public Law 93-203) provided for opportunities for

employment and training to unemployed and underemployed persons. Extended and expanded provisions in the Manpower Development and Training

Act of 1962, Title I of the Economic Opportunity Act

of 1962, Title I of the Economic Opportunity Act of

1964, and the Emergency Employment Act of 1971

as in effect prior to June 30, 1973.

1974 Education Amendments of 1974 (Public Law 93-380)

provided for the consolidation of certain programs; and

established a National Center for Education Statistics.

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of

1974 (Public Law 93-415) provided for technical

assistance, staff training, centralized research, and

resources to develop and implement programs to

keep students in elementary and secondary schools;

and established, in the U.S. Department of Justice, a

National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

1975 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance

Act (Public Law 93-638) provided for increased participation of Indians in the establishment and conduct of their education programs and services.

Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Act (Public

Law 93-642) established the Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation and created a perpetual education

scholarship fund for young Americans to prepare and

pursue careers in public service.

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public

Law 94-142) provided that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate education designed to meet their unique needs.

1976 Educational Broadcasting Facilities and Telecommunications Demonstration Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-

309) established a telecommunications demonstration

program to promote the development of nonbroadcast

telecommunications facilities and services for the

transmission, distribution, and delivery of health, education, and public or social service information.

1977 Youth Employment and Demonstration Projects Act of

1977 (Public Law 95-93) established a youth employment training program including, among other activities, promoting education-to-work transition, literacy

training and bilingual training, and attainment of certificates of high school equivalency.

Career Education Incentive Act (Public Law 95-207)

authorized the establishment of a career education

program for elementary and secondary schools.

1978 Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance

Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-471) provided federal

funds for the operation and improvement of tribally controlled community colleges for Indian

students.

Middle Income Student Assistance Act (Public Law

95-566) modified the provisions for student financial

assistance programs to allow middle-income as well

as low-income students attending college or other

postsecondary institutions to qualify for federal education assistance.

1979 Department of Education Organization Act (Public

Law 96-88) established a U.S. Department of Education containing functions from the Education Division of the U.S. Department of Health, Education,

and Welfare (HEW) along with other selected education programs from HEW, the U.S. Department of

Justice, U.S. Department of Labor, and the National

Science Foundation.

1980 Asbestos School Hazard Detection and Control Act of

1980 (Public Law 96-270) established a program for

inspection of schools for detection of hazardous

asbestos materials and provided loans to assist educational agencies to contain or remove and replace

such materials.

1981 Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of

1981 (Part of Public Law 97-35) consolidated

42 programs into 7 programs to be funded under the

elementary and secondary block grant authority.

1983 Student Loan Consolidation and Technical Amendments Act of 1983 (Public Law 98-79) established an

8 percent interest rate for Guaranteed Student Loans

and an extended Family Contribution Schedule.

Challenge Grant Amendments of 1983 (Public Law

98-95) amended Title III, Higher Education Act,

and added authorization of the Challenge Grant

program. The Challenge Grant program provides

funds to eligible institutions on a matching basis

as an incentive to seek alternative sources of

funding.

Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of

1983 (Public Law 98-199) added the Architectural

Barrier amendment and clarified participation of

children with disabilities in private schools.
542 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1984 Education for Economic Security Act (Public Law 98-

377) added new science and mathematics programs

for elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education. The new programs included magnet schools,

excellence in education, and equal access.

Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act (Public Law

98-524) continued federal assistance for vocational

education through FY 1989. The act replaced the

Vocational Education Act of 1963. It provided aid to

the states to make vocational education programs

accessible to all persons, including disabled and disadvantaged, single parents and homemakers, and the

incarcerated.

Human Services Reauthorization Act (Public Law 98-

558) created a Carl D. Perkins scholarship program, a

National Talented Teachers Fellowship program, a

Federal Merit Scholarships program, and a Leadership

in Educational Administration program.

1985 Montgomery GI Bill—Active Duty (Public Law 98-

525), brought about a new GI Bill for individuals

who initially entered active military duty on or after

July 1, 1985.

Montgomery GI Bill—Selected Reserve (Public Law

98-525), established an education program for members of the Selected Reserve (which includes the

National Guard) who enlist, reenlist, or extend an

enlistment after June 30, 1985, for a 6-year period.

1986 Handicapped Children’s Protection Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-372) allowed parents of children with

disabilities to collect attorneys’ fees in cases

brought under the Education of the Handicapped

Act and provided that the Education of the Handicapped Act does not preempt other laws, such as

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986

(Part of Public Law 99-570) established programs

for drug abuse education and prevention, coordinated with related community efforts and resources,

through the use of federal financial assistance.

1988 Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementary

and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of

1988 (Public Law 100-297) reauthorized through

1993 major elementary and secondary education programs, including Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Bilingual Education, Math-Science Education, Magnet Schools,

Impact Aid, Indian Education, Adult Education, and

other smaller education programs.

Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Amendments Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-628) extended

for 2 additional years programs providing assistance

to the homeless, including literacy training for

homeless adults and education for homeless youths.

Tax Reform Technical Amendments (Public Law 100-

647) authorized an Education Savings Bond for the

purpose of postsecondary educational expenses. The

bill grants tax exclusion for interest earned on regular series EE savings bonds.

1989 Childhood Education and Development Act of 1989

(Part of Public Law 101-239) authorized the appropriations to expand Head Start programs and programs carried out under the Elementary and

Secondary Education Act of 1965 to include child

care services. 

1990 Excellence in Mathematics, Science and Engineering

Education Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-589) created a national mathematics and science clearinghouse and created several other mathematics,

science, and engineering education programs.

Student Right-To-Know and Campus Security Act

(Public Law 101-542) required institutions of higher

education receiving federal financial assistance to

provide certain information with respect to the graduation rates of student-athletes at such institutions. 

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Public Law

101-336) prohibited discrimination against persons

with disabilities.

National and Community Service Act of 1990 (Public

Law 101-610) increased school and college-based

community service opportunities and authorized the

President’s Points of Light Foundation.

1991 National Literacy Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-73)

established the National Institute for Literacy, the

National Institute Board, and the Interagency Task

Force on Literacy. Amended various federal laws to

establish and extend various literacy programs.

High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (Public

Law 102-194) directed the President to implement a

National High-Performance Computing Program.

Provided for (1) establishment of a National Research

and Education Network; (2) standards and guidelines

for high-performance networks; and (3) the responsibility of certain federal departments and agencies

with regard to the Network.

Veterans’ Educational Assistance Amendments of 1991

(Public Law 102-127) restored certain educational

benefits available to reserve and active-duty personnel under the Montgomery GI Bill to students whose

course of studies were interrupted by the Persian Gulf

War.

Civil Rights Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-166)

amended the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, and the

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, with regard

to employment discrimination. Established the Technical Assistance Training Institute.

1992 Ready-To-Learn Act (Public Law 102-545) amended

the General Education Provisions Act to establish

Ready-To-Learn Television programs to support
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 543

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

educational programming and support materials for

preschool and elementary school children and their

parents, child care providers, and educators. 

1993 Student Loan Reform Act (Public Law 103-66) reformed

the student aid process by phasing in a system of direct

lending designed to provide savings for taxpayers and

students. Allows students to choose among a variety of

repayment options, including income contingency.

National Service Trust Act (Public Law 103-82)

amended the National and Community Service Act

of 1990 to establish a Corporation for National Service. In addition, provided education grants up to

$4,725 per year for 2 years to people age 17 or older

who perform community service before, during, or

after postsecondary education.

NAEP Assessment Authorization (Public Law 103-33)

authorized use of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) for state-by-state comparisons.

1994 Goals 2000: Educate America Act (Public Law 103-

227) established a new federal partnership through a

system of grants to states and local communities to

reform the nation’s education system. The Act formalized the national education goals and established

the National Education Goals Panel.

School-To-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 (Public

Law 103-239) established a national framework

within which states and communities can develop

School-To-Work Opportunities systems to prepare

young people for first jobs and continuing education.

The Act also provided money to states and communities to develop a system of programs that include

work-based learning, school-based learning, and

connecting activities components.

Safe Schools Act of 1994 (Part of Public Law 103-227)

authorized the award of competitive grants to local

educational agencies with serious crime to implement violence prevention activities such as conflict

resolution and peer mediation.

1996 Contract With America: Unfunded Mandates (Public

Law 104-4) ended the imposition, in the absence of

full consideration by Congress, of federal mandates

on state, local, and tribal governments without adequate funding, in a manner that may displace other

essential governmental priorities; and ensured that

the federal government pays the costs incurred by

those governments in complying with certain

requirements under federal statutes and regulations.

1997 The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-

34) enacted the Hope Scholarship and Life-Long

Learning Tax Credit provisions into law.

Emergency Student Loan Consolidation Act of 1997

(Public Law 105-78) amended the Higher Education

Act to provide for improved student loan consolidation services.

1998 Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-

220) enacted the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, and substantially revised and extended,

through FY 2003, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental

Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105-277)

enacted the Reading Excellence Act, to promote the

ability of children to read independently by the third

grade; and earmarked funds to help states and school

districts reduce class sizes in the early grades.

Charter School Expansion Act (Public Law 105-278)

amended the charter school program, enacted in

1994 as Title X, Part C of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.

Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology

Education Amendments of 1998 (Public Law 105-

332) revised, in its entirety, the Carl D. Perkins

Vocational and Applied Technology Education

Act, and reauthorized the Act through FY 2003.

Assistive Technology Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-

394) replaced the Technology-Related Assistance

for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988 with a

new Act, authorized through FY 2004, to address

the assistive-technology needs of individuals with

disabilities.

1999 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-25) authorized the Secretary of Education to allow all states to participate in the

Education Flexibility Partnership program.

District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-98) established a program to afford high

school graduates from the District of Columbia the

benefits of in-state tuition at state colleges and universities outside the District of Columbia.

2000 The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal

Year 2001 (Public Law 106-398) included, as Title

XVIII, the Impact Aid Reauthorization Act of

2000, which extended the Impact Aid programs

through FY 2003.

College Scholarship Fraud Prevention Act of 2000

(Public Law 106-420) enhanced federal penalties for

offenses involving scholarship fraud; required an

annual scholarship fraud report by the Attorney General, the Secretary of Education, and the Federal

Trade Commission (FTC); and required the Secretary of Education, in conjunction with the FTC, to

maintain a scholarship fraud awareness website.

Consolidated Appropriations Act 2001 (Public Law

106-554) created a new program of assistance for

school repair and renovation, and amended the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to

authorize credit enhancement initiatives to help

charter schools obtain, construct, or repair facilities;

reauthorized the Even Start program; and enacted

the “Children’s Internet Protection Act.”

2001 50th Anniversary of Brown v. the Board of Education

(Public Law 107-41) established a commission for the
544 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

purpose of encouraging and providing for the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the 1954

Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education.

2002 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-

110) provided for the comprehensive reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education

Act of 1965, incorporating specific proposals in

such areas as testing, accountability, parental

choice, and early reading.

Reauthorization of the National Center for Education

Statistics and the Creating of the Institute of Education Sciences of 2002 (Public Law 107-279) established the Institute of Education Sciences within the

U.S. Department of Education to carry out a coordinated, focused agenda of high-quality research, statistics, and evaluation that is relevant to the

educational challenges of the nation.

The Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-122) provided

the Secretary of Education with waiver authority

under student financial aid programs under Title IV

of the Higher Education Act of 1965, to deal with

student and family situations resulting from the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Established fixed interest rates for student and parent

borrowers (Public Law 107-139) under Title IV of

the Higher Education Act of 1965.

2003 The Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-76) provided the

Secretary of Education with waiver authority under

student financial aid programs under Title IV of the

Higher Education Act of 1965, to deal with student

and family situations resulting from wars or national

emergencies.

2004 Assistive Technology Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-

364) reauthorized the Assistive Technology program, administered by the Department of Education.

Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 (Public Law

108-409) temporarily stopped excessive special

allowance payments to certain lenders under the

Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program

and increases the amount of loans that can be forgiven for certain borrowers who are highly qualified

mathematics, science, and special education teachers who serve in high-poverty schools for 5 years.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement

Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-446) provided a comprehensive reauthorization of the Individuals with

Disabilities Education Act.

2005 Student Grant Hurricane and Disaster Relief Act

(Public Law 109-67) authorized the Secretary of

Education to waive certain repayment requirements

for students receiving campus-based federal grant

assistance if they were residing in, employed in, or

attending an institution of higher education located

in a major disaster area, or their attendance was

interrupted because of the disaster.

Natural Disaster Student Aid Fairness Act (Public

Law 109-86) authorized the Secretary of Education

during FY 2006 to reallocate campus-based student

aid funds to institutions of higher learning in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas, or institutions that have accepted students displaced by

Hurricane Katrina or Rita. The law also waived

requirements for matching funds that are normally

imposed on institutions and students. 

Hurricane Education Recovery Act (HERA) (Public

Law 109-148, provision in the Defense Department

Appropriations Act for FY 2006) provided funds for

states affected by Hurricane Katrina to restart school

operations, provide temporary emergency aid for displaced students, and assist homeless youth. The law

also permitted the Secretary of Education to extend

deadlines under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act for those affected by Katrina or Rita.

2006 Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public

Law 109-171) made various amendments to programs of student financial assistance under Title IV

of the Higher Education Act of 1965.

Public Law 109-211 reauthorized the “ED-FLEX”

program (under the Education Flexibility Partnership

Act of 1999), under which the Secretary of Education permits states to waive certain requirements of

federal statutes and regulations if they meet certain

conditions.

Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education

Improvement Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-270)

reauthorized the vocational and technical education

programs under the Perkins Act through 2012.

2007 Public Law 110-15 designated the Department of Education Headquarters Building as the “Lyndon Baines

Johnson Department of Education Building.” 

America COMPETES Act (or “America Creating

Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence

in Technology, Education, and Science”) (Public

Law 110-69) created new STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education programs in various agencies, including the Department

of Education.

College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-84) reduced interest rates on student

loans and made other amendments to the Higher

Education Act of 1965 to make college more accessible and affordable.

Permanent extension of the Higher Education Relief

Opportunities for Students Act of 2003 (HEROES Act)

(Public Law 110-93) gave the Secretary of Education

authority to waive or modify any statutory or regulatory provision applicable to the student financial assistance programs under title IV of the Higher Education

Act of 1965 as deemed necessary in connection with a

war or other military operation or national emergency.
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 545

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

2008 Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of

2008 (Public Law 110-227) provided various authorities to the Department of Education, among other

provisions, to help ensure that college students and

their parents continue to have access to loans in the

tight credit market.

Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110-

315) provided a comprehensive reauthorization of

the Higher Education Act of 1965.

2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2008

(Public Law 111-5) provided about $100 billion to

state education systems and supplemental appropriations for several Department of Education programs.

Public Law 111-39 made miscellaneous and technical

amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1965.

2010 Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of

2010 (Public Law 111-152) included, as Title II, the

“SAFRA Act” (also known as the “Student Aid and

Fiscal Responsibility Act”). The SAFRA Act ended

the federal government’s role in subsidizing financial institutions that make student loans through the

Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program

under Part B of Title IV of the Higher Education Act

of 1965 (HEA), and correspondingly expanded the

Federal Direct Student Loan Program administered

by the Department of Education under Part D of Title

IV of the HEA.

Public Law 111-226 provided an additional $10 billion

to states and school districts, through an “Education

Jobs Fund” modeled closely on the State Fiscal Stabilization Fund created by the 2009 Recovery Act, to

hire (or avoid laying off) teachers and other educators. 

Figure 18. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose: Selected years, 1965 through 2010

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

$120

In billions of constant fiscal year 2010 dollars

Fiscal year

Elementary and secondary

Postsecondary

Research at 

educational institutions

Other education

NOTE: The increase in postsecondary expenditures in 2006 resulted primarily from an accounting adjustment. Data for research at educational institutions are estimated for 2009 and

not available for 2010. Data for 2010 for elementary and secondary, postsecondary, and other education are estimated.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations.

U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix, fiscal years 1967 through 2011. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and

Development, fiscal years 1965 through 2009.
546 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 19. Percentage of federal on-budget funds for education, by agency: Fiscal year 2009

Department of Education, 52.3%

Department of the Interior, 0.6%

Department of Veterans Affairs, 2.8%

National Science Foundation, 3.1%

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration, 1.0%

Other, 3.1%

Department of Energy, 1.8%

Department of Defense, 4.1%

Department of Labor, 3.7%

Department of Agriculture, 10.1% Department of Health and

Human Services, 17.5%

Total = $163.1 billion (fiscal year 2009 dollars)

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government,

Appendix, fiscal year 2011. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, fiscal year 2009.

Figure 20. Percentage of U.S. Department of Education outlays, by type of recipient: Fiscal year 2010

Local education agencies, 50.4%

State education agencies, 10.0%

Postsecondary students, 16.0%

Postsecondary institutions, 16.2%

Federal institutions, 1.3%

Other recipients,1

 1.0% Other education organizations,2

 5.1%

Total outlays = $116.8 billion (fiscal year 2010 dollars)

1Other recipients include American Indian tribes, private nonprofit agencies, and banks.

2Includes funds for vocational education and for federal programs at libraries and museums.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, fiscal year 2011. U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabulations.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 380. Federal support and estimated federal tax expenditures for education, by category: Selected fiscal years, 1965 through 2010

[In millions of dollars]

Fiscal year

Total on-budget

support,

off-budget

support, and

nonfederal

funds

generated

by federal

legislation

On-budget support1 Off-budget support and nonfederal funds generated by federal legi

Total

Elementary

and

secondary

Postsecondary Other education3

Research at

educational

institutions Total

Off-budget 

support Nonfederal funds

Direct Loan

Program4

Federal

Family

Education

Loan

Program5

Perkins

Loans6

Income

Contingent

Loans7

Leveragin

Educationa

Assistanc

Partnerships

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 1

Current dollars

1965.................................. $5,354.7 $5,331.0 $1,942.6 $1,197.5 $374.7 $1,816.3 $23.7 † † $16.1 † 

1970.................................. 13,359.1 12,526.5 5,830.4 3,447.7 964.7 2,283.6 832.6 † $770.0 21.0 † 

1975.................................. 24,691.5 23,288.1 10,617.2 7,644.0 1,608.5 3,418.4 1,403.4 † 1,233.0 35.7 † $20.

1980.................................. 39,349.5 34,493.5 16,027.7 11,115.9 1,548.7 5,801.2 4,856.0 † 4,598.0 31.8 † 76.

1985.................................. 47,753.4 39,027.9 16,901.3 11,174.4 2,107.6 8,844.6 8,725.5 † 8,467.0 21.4 † 76.

1986.................................. 48,357.3 39,962.9 17,049.9 11,283.6 2,620.0 9,009.4 8,394.4 † 8,142.0 20.2 † 72.

1987.................................. 50,724.6 41,194.7 17,535.7 10,300.0 2,820.4 10,538.6 9,529.8 † 9,272.0 20.9 $0.6 76.

1988.................................. 54,078.7 43,454.4 18,564.9 10,657.5 2,981.6 11,250.5 10,624.3 † 10,380.0 20.6 0.5 72.

1989.................................. 59,537.4 48,269.6 19,809.5 13,269.9 3,180.3 12,009.8 11,267.8 † 10,938.0 20.4 0.5 71.

1990.................................. 62,811.5 51,624.3 21,984.4 13,650.9 3,383.0 12,606.0 11,187.2 † 10,826.0 15.0 0.5 59.

1991.................................. 70,375.6 57,599.5 25,418.0 14,707.4 3,698.6 13,775.4 12,776.1 † 12,372.0 17.3 0.5 63.

1992.................................. 74,481.1 60,483.1 27,926.9 14,387.4 3,992.0 14,176.9 13,998.0 † 13,568.0 17.3 0.5 72.

1993.................................. 84,741.5 67,740.6 30,834.3 17,844.0 4,107.2 14,955.1 17,000.8 † 16,524.0 29.3 † 72.

1994.................................. 92,781.5 68,254.2 32,304.4 16,177.1 4,483.7 15,289.1 24,527.3 $813.0 23,214.0 52.7 † 72.

1995.................................. 95,810.8 71,639.5 33,623.8 17,618.1 4,719.7 15,677.9 24,171.2 5,161.0 18,519.0 52.7 † 63.

1996.................................. 96,833.0 71,327.4 34,391.5 15,775.5 4,828.0 16,332.3 25,505.6 8,357.0 16,711.0 31.1 † 31.1997.................................. 103,259.8 73,731.8 35,478.9 15,959.4 5,021.2 17,272.4 29,528.0 9,838.0 19,163.0 52.7 † 50.1998.................................. 107,810.5 76,909.2 37,486.2 15,799.6 5,148.5 18,475.0 30,901.3 10,400.1 20,002.5 45.0 † 25.

1999.................................. 113,417.2 82,863.6 39,937.9 17,651.2 5,318.0 19,956.5 30,553.6 9,953.0 20,107.0 33.3 † 25.2000.................................. 119,541.6 85,944.2 43,790.8 15,008.7 5,484.6 21,660.1 33,597.4 10,347.0 22,711.0 33.3 † 50.

2001.................................. 130,668.5 94,846.5 48,530.1 14,938.3 5,880.0 25,498.1 35,822.0 10,635.0 24,694.0 25.0 † 80.

2002.................................. 150,034.5 109,211.5 52,754.1 22,964.2 6,297.7 27,195.5 40,823.0 11,689.0 28,606.0 25.0 † 104.2003.................................. 170,671.5 124,374.5 59,274.2 29,499.7 6,532.5 29,068.1 46,297.0 11,969.0 33,791.0 33.0 † 103.2004.................................. 185,176.7 132,420.7 62,653.2 32,433.0 6,576.8 30,757.7 52,756.0 12,840.0 39,266.0 33.0 † 102.2005.................................. 203,036.0 146,207.0 68,957.7 38,587.3 6,908.5 31,753.5 56,829.0 12,930.0 43,284.0 0.0 † 101.

2006.................................. 226,978.7 166,495.7 70,948.2 57,757.7 7,074.5 30,715.2 60,483.0 12,677.0 47,307.0 0.0 † 100.2007.................................. 210,536.0 145,698.0 70,735.9 37,465.3 7,214.9 30,281.9 64,838.0 13,022.0 51,320.0 0.0 † 100.2008.................................. 222,106.8 146,108.8 71,927.9 36,395.2 7,882.2 29,903.6 11 75,998.0 18,213.0 57,296.0 0.0 † 98.2009.................................. 260,122.7 163,070.7 88,133.6 36,394.2 8,211.0 30,331.9 11 97,052.0 29,738.0 66,778.0 0.0 † 98.201011 ............................... — — 115,404.3 47,888.8 10,630.5 — 109,252.0 73,529.0 35,234.0 0.0 † 98.

Constant fiscal year 2010 dollars12

1965.................................. $37,096.4 $36,932.1 $13,457.7 $8,296.1 $2,595.5 $12,582.8 $164.3 † † $111.6 † 

1970.................................. 75,303.3 70,610.2 32,865.4 19,434.2 5,438.0 12,872.6 4,693.1 † $4,340.4 118.2 † 

1975.................................. 95,919.9 90,468.2 41,245.0 29,695.1 6,248.5 13,279.6 5,451.7 † 4,789.9 138.6 † $77.

1980.................................. 102,274.0 89,652.7 41,657.9 28,891.5 4,025.3 15,078.0 12,621.3 † 11,950.8 82.6 † 199.

1985.................................. 91,332.0 74,643.8 32,325.1 21,371.9 4,030.9 16,915.9 16,688.2 † 16,193.8 40.9 † 145.

1986.................................. 90,151.8 74,502.3 31,786.0 21,035.8 4,884.5 16,796.0 15,649.6 † 15,179.0 37.7 † 135.

1987.................................. 91,671.8 74,449.0 31,691.3 18,614.6 5,097.2 19,045.9 17,222.8 † 16,756.8 37.8 $1.0 137.

1988.................................. 94,861.8 76,225.2 32,565.4 18,694.8 5,230.1 19,734.9 18,636.6 † 18,208.0 36.2 0.8 127.

1989.................................. 100,721.8 81,659.5 33,512.6 22,449.2 5,380.3 20,317.5 19,062.2 † 18,504.2 34.5 0.9 121.

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. 

1On-budget support includes federal funds for education programs tied to appropriations. Excludes federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Benefits excluded becausedata before fiscal year (FY) 1990 are not available. This program existed since Medicare began, but was not available as aseparate budget item until FY 1990. Excluded amounts range from $4,440,000,000 in FY 1990 to an estimated$9,100,000,000 in FY 2010.2Losses of tax revenue attributable to provisions of the federal income tax laws that allow a special exclusion, exemption, ordeduction from gross income or provide a special credit, preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax liability affecting individual

or corporate income tax liabilities.

3Other education includes libraries, museums, cultural activities, and miscellaneous research.4The William D. Ford Direct Program (commonly referred to as the Direct Loan Program) provides students with the same

benefits they are currently eligible to receive under the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, but provides loans tostudents through federal capital rather than through private lenders.

5Formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan program. Includes new student loans guaranteed by the federal government and disbursed to borrowers. 6Student loans created from institutional matching funds (since 1993 one-third of federal capital contributions). Excludesrepayments of outstanding loans. 

7Student loans created from institutional matching funds (one-ninth of the feproject that involved only 10 institutions and had unsubsidized interest rates. 8Formerly the State Student Incentive Grant program. Starting in fiscal year 20dollar-for-dollar state matching contributions, while amounts over $30.0 milliotributions.9Institutions award grants to undergraduate students, and the federal share ototal grant.10Employer contributions to student earnings are generally one-third of federa11Estimated. 12Data adjusted by the federal funds composite deflator reported in the U.S. O

U.S. Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2011.NOTE: To the extent possible, federal education funds data represent outlays revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals becauexpenditures in 2006 resulted primarily from an accounting adjustment.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabulCenter for Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Managment, Appendix, fiscal years 1967 through 2011. National Science Foundat

ment, fiscal years 1967 through 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010

1990.................................. 103,060.5 84,704.7 36,071.7 22,398.3 5,550.8 20,683.8 18,355.8 † 17,763.2 24.6 0.8 97.

1991.................................. 110,279.9 90,259.6 39,830.6 23,046.8 5,795.8 21,586.4 20,020.4 † 19,387.2 27.2 0.8 99.

1992.................................. 112,412.8 91,285.9 42,149.5 21,714.6 6,025.0 21,396.8 21,127.0 † 20,477.9 26.2 0.8 108.

1993.................................. 124,532.3 99,548.6 45,312.8 26,222.8 6,035.8 21,977.3 24,983.7 † 24,282.9 43.0 † 106.

1994.................................. 133,841.4 98,459.8 46,600.5 23,336.1 6,467.9 22,055.2 35,381.7 $1,172.8 33,487.2 76.0 † 104.

1995.................................. 134,545.1 100,601.9 47,217.2 24,740.8 6,627.7 22,016.2 33,943.2 7,247.5 26,005.8 74.0 † 89.1996.................................. 132,790.4 97,813.7 47,162.2 21,633.5 6,620.9 22,397.1 34,976.7 11,460.2 22,916.4 42.6 † 43.

1997.................................. 138,689.0 99,029.7 47,652.0 21,435.2 6,744.0 23,198.6 39,659.3 13,213.5 25,738.0 70.8 † 67.

1998.................................. 143,427.9 102,317.7 49,870.5 21,019.3 6,849.4 24,578.6 41,110.2 13,836.0 26,610.7 59.9 † 33.

1999.................................. 148,805.4 108,718.5 52,399.2 23,158.7 6,977.3 26,183.2 40,086.9 13,058.5 26,380.7 43.7 † 32.

2000.................................. 153,030.2 110,020.7 56,058.4 19,213.3 7,021.0 27,728.0 43,009.4 13,245.6 29,073.3 42.6 † 64.

2001.................................. 163,161.1 118,431.5 60,597.8 18,652.9 7,342.2 31,838.6 44,729.7 13,279.6 30,834.5 31.2 † 99.

2002.................................. 184,328.1 134,174.1 64,812.2 28,213.1 7,737.2 33,411.6 50,154.0 14,360.8 35,144.5 30.7 † 127.

2003.................................. 204,314.3 148,891.2 70,958.4 35,314.7 7,820.2 34,798.0 55,423.1 14,328.3 40,451.9 39.5 † 123.

2004.................................. 215,495.5 154,101.8 72,911.4 37,743.2 7,653.6 35,793.6 61,393.7 14,942.3 45,695.0 38.4 † 118.2005.................................. 227,867.3 164,088.1 77,391.2 43,306.5 7,753.4 35,637.0 63,779.2 14,511.3 48,577.6 0.0 † 113.

2006.................................. 245,981.2 180,434.6 76,888.0 62,593.2 7,666.8 33,286.7 65,546.6 13,738.3 51,267.5 0.0 † 108.2007.................................. 222,113.7 153,710.1 74,625.7 39,525.6 7,611.7 31,947.2 68,403.5 13,738.1 54,142.2 0.0 † 105.

2008.................................. 226,013.7 148,678.9 73,193.1 37,035.4 8,020.9 30,429.6 11 77,334.8 18,533.4 58,303.8 0.0 † 99.

2009.................................. 264,434.5 165,773.8 89,594.5 36,997.5 8,347.1 30,834.7 11 98,660.7 30,230.9 67,884.9 0.0 † 99.201011 ............................... — — 115,404.3 47,888.8 10,630.5 — 109,252.0 73,529.0 35,234.0 0.0 † 98.

Table 380. Federal support and estimated federal tax expenditures for education, by category: Selected fiscal years, 1965 through 2010—Continued

[In millions of dollars]

Fiscal year

Total on-budget

support,

off-budget

support, and

nonfederal

funds

generated

by federal

legislation

On-budget support1 Off-budget support and nonfederal funds generated by federal legi

Total

Elementary

and

secondary

Postsecondary Other education3

Research at

educational

institutions Total

Off-budget 

support Nonfederal funds

Direct Loan

Program4

Federal

Family

Education

Loan

Program5

Perkins

Loans6

Income

Contingent

Loans7

Leveragin

Educationa

Assistanc

Partnerships

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 1
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 549

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

1Excludes federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services. Benefits excluded from total because data

before fiscal year (FY) 1990 are not available. This program existed since Medicare began,

but was not available as a separate budget item until FY 1990. Excluded amounts are as

follows: $4,440,000,000 in FY 1990, $7,510,000,000 in FY 1995, $8,020,000,000 in FY

2000, $8,300,000,000 in FY 2005, $8,300,000,000 in FY 2006, $8,200,000,000 in FY

2007, $8,600,000,000 in FY 2008, $8,800,000,000 in FY 2009, and an estimated

$9,100,000,000 in FY 2010.

2Estimated.

NOTE: To the extent possible, amounts reported represent outlays, rather than obligations.

Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding. Negative amounts occur when program receipts exceed outlays. Much of

the increase in Department of Education funds in 2006 was due to an increase in postsecondary expenditures that resulted primarily from an accounting adjustment.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished

tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix, fiscal years 1972 through 2011. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research

and Development, fiscal years 1970 to 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 381. Federal on-budget funds for education, by agency: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2009

[In thousands of current dollars]

Agency 1970 1980 19901 19951 20001 20051 20061 20071 20081 20091,2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11

 Total....................................... $12,526,499 $34,493,502 $51,624,342 $71,639,520 $85,944,203 $146,206,999 $166,495,660 $145,697,988 $146,108,840 $163,070,710

Department of Education.................. 4,625,224 13,137,785 23,198,575 31,403,000 34,106,697 72,893,301 93,571,541 71,808,014 72,177,819 85,224,697

Department of Agriculture ................ 960,910 4,562,467 6,260,843 9,092,089 11,080,031 13,817,553 14,677,672 15,547,977 16,680,529 16,428,091

Department of Commerce ................ 13,990 135,561 53,835 88,929 114,575 243,948 249,962 200,374 192,733 198,012

Department of Defense .................... 821,388 1,560,301 3,605,509 3,879,002 4,525,080 6,320,454 6,136,390 6,322,843 6,682,258 6,678,142

Department of Energy ...................... 551,527 1,605,558 2,561,950 2,692,314 3,577,004 4,339,879 4,283,520 3,382,683 2,560,298 2,883,661

Department of Health and Human 

Services...................................... 1,796,854 5,613,930 7,956,011 12,469,563 17,670,867 26,107,860 25,601,712 26,350,200 26,704,168 28,470,391

Department of Homeland Security ... † † † † † 624,860 560,380 484,118 457,082 558,458

Department of Housing and Urban 

Development............................... 114,709 5,314 118 1,613 1,400 1,100 600 400 400 400

Department of the Interior ................ 190,975 440,547 630,537 702,796 959,802 1,254,533 1,146,750 1,102,615 1,050,004 968,516

Department of Justice....................... 15,728 60,721 99,775 172,350 278,927 608,148 563,434 829,010 823,950 876,158

Department of Labor ........................ 424,494 1,862,738 2,511,380 3,967,914 4,696,100 5,764,500 5,414,500 5,249,800 5,073,600 6,084,600

Department of State ......................... 59,742 25,188 51,225 54,671 388,349 533,309 555,014 587,120 638,280 655,520

Department of Transportation........... 27,534 54,712 76,186 135,816 117,054 126,900 133,700 127,500 144,178 139,933

Department of the Treasury.............. 18 1,247,463 41,715 49,496 83,000 0 0 100 0 0

Department of Veterans Affairs......... 1,032,918 2,351,233 757,476 1,324,382 1,577,374 4,293,624 4,547,560 5,256,399 4,527,232 4,601,426

Other agencies and programs

ACTION ............................................ †2,833 8,472†††††† †

Agency for International 

Development............................... 88,034 176,770 249,786 290,580 332,500 602,100 596,100 657,700 624,620 628,225

Appalachian Regional Commission.. 37,838 19,032 93 10,623 7,243 8,542 11,027 7,463 7,176 6,106

Barry Goldwater Scholarship

and Excellence in Education 

Foundation.................................. † † 1,033 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000

Corporation for National and 

Community Service .................... † † † 214,600 386,000 472,000 503,000 395,000 333,000 401,000

Environmental Protection Agency..... 19,446 41,083 87,481 125,721 98,900 83,400 64,600 68,900 66,600 64,700

Estimated education share of federal 

aid to the District of Columbia..... 33,019 81,847 104,940 78,796 127,127 154,962 140,997 168,156 149,722 157,465

Federal Emergency Management 

Agency........................................ 290 1,946 215 170,400 14,894 † † † † †

General Services Administration ...... 14,775 34,800 † †††††† †

Harry S Truman Scholarship fund..... † -1,895 2,883 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 2,000

Institute of American Indian and 

Alaska Native Culture and Arts 

Development............................... † † 4,305 13,000 2,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

Institute of Museum and Library 

Services...................................... † † † † 166,000 250,000 241,000 258,000 253,000 265,000

James Madison Memorial Fellowship 

Foundation.................................. † † 191 2,000 7,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Japanese-United States Friendship 

Commission................................ † 2,294 2,299 2,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Library of Congress .......................... 29,478 151,871 189,827 241,000 299,000 430,000 435,000 463,000 434,000 468,000

National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration............................. 258,366 255,511 1,093,303 1,757,900 2,077,830 2,763,120 2,386,342 1,651,205 1,646,305 1,655,373

National Archives and Records 

Administration............................. † † 77,397 105,172 121,879 276,000 276,000 273,000 279,000 329,000

National Commission on Libraries 

and Information Science............. † 2,090 3,281 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 †

National Endowment for the Arts...... 340 5,220 5,577 9,421 10,048 10,976 10,561 11,767 12,808 12,918

National Endowment for the 

Humanities.................................. 8,459 142,586 141,048 151,727 100,014 117,825 120,305 121,086 124,162 134,533

National Science Foundation............ 295,628 808,392 1,588,891 2,086,195 2,955,244 3,993,216 4,087,701 4,262,057 4,348,647 5,034,481

Nuclear Regulatory Commission...... † 32,590 42,328 22,188 12,200 15,100 13,600 10,100 6,800 8,100

Office of Economic Opportunity........ 1,092,410 † † ††††††

Smithsonian Institution ..................... 2,461 5,153 5,779 9,961 25,764 45,890 42,092 46,101 64,768 61,104

United States Arms Control Agency . 100 661 25†††††† †

United States Information Agency .... 8,423 66,210 201,547 294,800††††† †

United States Institute of Peace ....... † † 7,621 12,000 13,000 28,000 101,000 32,000 17,000 49,000

Other agencies ................................. 1,421 990 885 500 300 7,900 6,600 6,300 10,700 10,700
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 382. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level/educational purpose, agency, and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2010

[In thousands of current dollars]

Level/educational purpose, agency, and program 1970 1980 19901 19951 20001 20051 20061 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

Total ........................................................................................................................................... $12,526,499 $34,493,502 $51,624,342 $71,639,520 $85,944,203 $146,206,999 $166,495,660 $145,697,

Elementary/secondary education ........................................................................................................... 5,830,442 16,027,686 21,984,361 33,623,809 43,790,783 68,957,711 70,948,229 70,735,

Department of Education3....................................................................................................................... 2,719,204 6,629,095 9,681,313 14,029,000 20,039,563 37,477,594 38,863,442 37,562,

Education for the disadvantaged......................................................................................................... 1,339,014 3,204,664 4,494,111 6,808,000 8,529,111 14,635,566 14,695,815 14,486,

Impact aid program4 ............................................................................................................................ 656,372 690,170 816,366 808,000 877,101 1,262,174 1,141,455 1,162,

School improvement programs5 .......................................................................................................... 288,304 788,918 1,189,158 1,397,000 2,549,971 7,918,091 7,463,468 7,083,

Indian education.................................................................................................................................. † 93,365 69,451 71,000 65,285 121,911 120,360 117,

English Language Acquisition............................................................................................................. 21,250 169,540 188,919 225,000 362,662 667,485 616,075 728,

Special education ............................................................................................................................... 79,090 821,777 1,616,623 3,177,000 4,948,977 10,940,312 11,836,477 11,777,

Vocational and adult education ........................................................................................................... 335,174 860,661 1,306,685 1,482,000 1,462,977 1,967,086 1,987,455 1,955,

Education Reform—Goals 20006 ........................................................................................................ † † † 61,000 1,243,479 -35,031 16,540 

Hurricane Education Recovery ........................................................................................................... † † † † † † 985,797 248,

Department of Agriculture....................................................................................................................... 760,477 4,064,497 5,528,950 8,201,294 10,051,278 12,577,265 13,412,550 14,245,

Child nutrition programs7..................................................................................................................... 299,131 3,377,056 4,977,075 7,644,789 9,554,028 11,901,943 12,660,758 13,081,

McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program8 ................................ † † † † † 86,000 98,000 98,

Agricultural Marketing Service—commodities9 ................................................................................... 341,597 388,000 350,441 400,000 400,000 399,322 463,792 878,

Special Milk Program .......................................................................................................................... 83,800 159,293 18,707 (7) (7) (7) (7) 

Estimated education share of Forest Service permanent appropriations ........................................... 35,949 140,148 182,727 156,505 97,250 190,000 190,000 188,

Department of Commerce ...................................................................................................................... † 54,816 † † † † † 

Local public works program—school facilities10 .................................................................................. † 54,816 † † † † † 

Department of Defense........................................................................................................................... 143,100 370,846 1,097,876 1,295,547 1,485,611 1,786,253 1,755,924 1,772,

Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC) ............................................................................... 12,100 32,000 39,300 155,600 210,432 315,122 308,208 324,Overseas dependents schools............................................................................................................ 131,000 338,846 864,958 855,772 904,829 1,060,920 1,063,908 1,062,

Domestic schools4............................................................................................................................... † † 193,618 284,175 370,350 410,211 383,808 385,

Department of Energy ............................................................................................................................ 200 77,633 15,563 12,646 † † † 

Energy conservation for school buildings11 ......................................................................................... † 77,240 15,213 10,746 † † † 

Pre-engineering program .................................................................................................................... 200 393 350 1,900 † † † 

Department of Health and Human Services........................................................................................... 167,333 1,077,000 2,396,793 5,116,559 6,011,036 8,003,348 8,118,935 7,901,

Head Start12 ........................................................................................................................................ † 735,000 1,447,758 3,534,000 5,267,000 6,842,348 6,851,235 6,888,

Payments to states for Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) work programs13 .............. † † 459,221 953,000 15,000 — — 

Social Security student benefits14 ....................................................................................................... 167,333 342,000 489,814 629,559 729,036 1,161,000 1,267,700 1,013,

Department of Homeland Security ......................................................................................................... † † † † † 500 511 

 Tuition assistance for educational accreditation—Coast Guard personnel15................................... † † † † † 500 511 

Department of the Interior....................................................................................................................... 140,705 318,170 445,267 493,124 725,423 938,506 928,637 859,

Mineral Leasing Act and other funds Payments to states—estimated education share ............................................................................ 12,294 62,636 123,811 18,750 24,610 60,290 56,806 52,

Payments to counties—estimated education share ........................................................................ 16,359 48,953 102,522 37,490 53,500 79,686 124,000 71,

Indian Education

Bureau of Indian Education schools................................................................................................ 95,850 178,112 192,841 411,524 466,905 517,647 523,673 518,

Johnson-O'Malley assistance16 ....................................................................................................... 16,080 28,081 25,556 24,359 17,387 16,510 16,371 12,

Education construction.................................................................................................................... † † † † 161,021 263,373 206,787 204,

Education expenses for children of employees, 

Yellowstone National Park ............................................................................................................... 122 388 538 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,

Department of Justice............................................................................................................................. 8,237 23,890 65,997 128,850 224,800 554,500 514,300 719,

Vocational training expenses for prisoners in federal prisons ............................................................. 2,720 4,966 2,066 3,000 1,000 0 1,000 6,

Inmate programs17 .............................................................................................................................. 5,517 18,924 63,931 125,850 223,800 554,500 513,300 713,

 Department of Labor............................................................................................................................. 420,927 1,849,800 2,505,487 3,957,800 4,683,200 5,654,000 5,355,000 5,226,

Job Corps............................................................................................................................................ † 469,800 739,376 1,029,000 1,256,000 1,521,000 1,599,000 1,605,Training programs—estimated funds for education programs18 .......................................................... 420,927 1,380,000 1,766,111 2,928,800 3,427,200 4,133,000 3,756,000 3,621,

Department of Transportation ................................................................................................................. 45 60 46 62 188 † † 

Tuition assistance for educational accreditation—Coast Guard personnel15....................................... 45 60 46 62 188 † † 

Department of the Treasury .................................................................................................................... † 935,903 † † † † † 

Estimated education share of general revenue sharing19 State20 ............................................................................................................................................. † 525,019 † † † † † 

Local................................................................................................................................................ † 410,884 † † † † † 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Department of Veterans Affairs............................................................................................................... 338,910 545,786 155,351 311,768 445,052 1,815,000 1,866,000 2,300,

Noncollegiate and job training programs21 .......................................................................................... 281,640 439,993 12,848 † † † † 

Vocational rehabilitation for disabled veterans22.................................................................................. 41,700 87,980 136,780 298,132 438,635 1,815,000 1,866,000 2,300,

Dependents’ education23..................................................................................................................... 15,570 17,813 5,723 5,961 6,417 — — 

Service members occupational conversion training act of 1992 ......................................................... † † † 7,675 † † †

Other agencies Appalachian Regional Commission .................................................................................................... 33,161 9,157 93 2,173 2,588 2,962 1,218 1,

National Endowment for the Arts ........................................................................................................ † 4,989 4,641 7,117 6,002 8,470 8,058 8,

Arts in education ............................................................................................................................. † 4,989 4,641 7,117 6,002 8,470 8,058 8,

National Endowment for the Humanities............................................................................................. 20 330 404 997 812 603 0 

Office of Economic Opportunity .......................................................................................................... 1,072,375 † † † † † † 

Head Start24 .................................................................................................................................... 325,700 † † † † † † 

Other elementary and secondary programs25 ................................................................................. 42,809 † † † † † † 

Job Corps26 ..................................................................................................................................... 144,000 † † † † † † 

Youth Corps and other training programs26 ..................................................................................... 553,368 † † † † † † 

Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)27 .................................................................................... 6,498 † † † † † † 

Other programs Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia.................................................. 25,748 65,714 86,579 66,871 115,230 138,710 123,653 137,

Postsecondary education........................................................................................................................ $3,447,697 $11,115,882 $13,650,915 $17,618,137 $15,008,715 $38,587,287 $57,757,738 $37,465,

Department of Education3....................................................................................................................... 1,187,962 5,682,242 11,175,978 14,234,000 10,727,315 31,420,023 50,624,621 30,052,

Student financial assistance ............................................................................................................... † 3,682,789 5,920,328 7,047,000 9,060,317 15,209,515 14,864,129 15,355,

Federal Direct Student Loan Program................................................................................................. † † † 840,000 -2,862,240 3,020,992 6,842,092 5,391,Federal Family Education Loan Program ............................................................................................ 2,323 1,407,977 4,372,446 5,190,000 2,707,473 10,777,470 26,336,661 6,033,

Higher education................................................................................................................................. 1,029,131 399,787 659,492 871,000 1,530,779 2,053,288 2,058,920 2,399,Facilities—loans and insurance........................................................................................................... 114,199 -19,031 19,219 -6,000 -2,174 -1,464 -1,304 -1,

College housing loans28 ...................................................................................................................... † 14,082 -57,167 -46,000 -41,886 -33,521 -27,229 -20,

Educational activities overseas ........................................................................................................... 774 3,561 82 † † † † 

Historically Black Colleges and Universities Capital Financing, Program Account............................. † † † † 150 169 165 318,

Gallaudet College and Howard University........................................................................................... 38,559 176,829 230,327 292,000 291,060 339,823 340,664 351,National Technical Institute for the Deaf.............................................................................................. 2,976 16,248 31,251 46,000 43,836 53,751 56,670 57,

Hurricane Katrina, aid to institutions ................................................................................................... † † † † † † 153,853 165,

Department of Agriculture....................................................................................................................... † 10,453 31,273 33,373 30,676 61,957 62,327 64,

Agriculture Extension Service, Second Morrill Act payments to agricultural and mechanical 

colleges and Tuskegee Institute .................................................................................................... † 10,453 31,273 33,373 30,676 61,957 62,327 64,

Department of Commerce ...................................................................................................................... 8,277 29,971 3,312 3,487 3,800 — — 

Sea Grant Program29 .......................................................................................................................... † 3,123 3,312 3,487 3,800 — — 

Merchant Marine Academy30............................................................................................................... 6,160 14,809 † † † † † 

State marine schools30 ........................................................................................................................ 2,117 12,039 † † † † † 

Department of Defense........................................................................................................................... 322,100 545,000 635,769 729,500 1,147,759 1,858,301 1,833,446 1,846,

Tuition assistance for military personnel ............................................................................................. 57,500 — 95,300 127,000 263,303 608,109 563,961 607,Service academies ............................................................................................................................. 78,700 106,100 120,613 163,300 212,678 300,760 321,920 354,Senior Reserve Officers Training Corps (SROTC) .............................................................................. 108,100 — 193,056 219,400 363,461 537,525 498,165 434,

Professional development education31 ................................................................................................ 77,800 — 226,800 219,800 308,317 411,907 449,400 450,

Department of Energy ............................................................................................................................ 3,000 57,701 25,502 28,027 † † † 

University laboratory cooperative program.......................................................................................... 3,000 2,800 9,402 8,552 † † † 

Teacher development projects ............................................................................................................ † 1,400 † † † † † 

Energy conservation for buildings--higher education11........................................................................ † 53,501 7,459 7,381 † † † 

Minority honors vocational training .....................................................................................................†††††††

Honors research program ................................................................................................................... † † 6,472 2,221 † † † 

Students and teachers ........................................................................................................................ † † 2,169 9,873 † † † 

Department of Health and Human Services........................................................................................... 981,483 2,412,058 578,542 796,035 954,190 1,433,516 1,264,585 1,159,

Health professions training programs32 ............................................................................................... 353,029 460,736 230,600 298,302 340,361 581,661 420,115 302,

Indian health manpower...................................................................................................................... † 7,187 9,508 27,000 16,000 27,000 32,000 32,

National Health Service Corps scholarships....................................................................................... † 70,667 4,759 78,206 33,300 45,000 40,000 40,

National Institutes of Health training grants33 ...................................................................................... † 176,388 241,356 380,502 550,220 756,014 748,642 761,

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health training grants .................................................. 8,088 12,899 10,461 11,660 14,198 23,841 23,828 24,

Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health training programs34 .............................................................. 118,366 122,103 81,353 † † † † 

Health teaching facilities35 ................................................................................................................... † 3,078 505 365 110††

Social Security postsecondary students’ benefits36 ............................................................................ 502,000 1,559,000 † † † † † 

See notes at end of table.

Table 382. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level/educational purpose, agency, and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2010—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

Level/educational purpose, agency, and program 1970 1980 19901 19951 20001 20051 20061 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Department of Homeland Security ......................................................................................................... † † † † † 36,400 44,000 48,

Coast Guard Academy15 ..................................................................................................................... † † † † † 16,400 22,800 23,

Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers37................................................................................. † † † † † 8,700 11,400 12,

Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel15....................................................................... † † † † † 11,300 9,800 12,

Department of Housing and Urban Development28 ................................................................................ 114,199 † † † † † † 

College housing loans28 ...................................................................................................................... 114,199 † † ††††

Department of the Interior....................................................................................................................... 31,749 80,202 135,480 159,054 187,179 249,227 165,313 176,

Shared revenues, Mineral Leasing Act and other receipts—estimated 

education share ............................................................................................................................ 6,949 35,403 69,980 82,810 98,740 146,235 59,579 52,

Indian programs Continuing education....................................................................................................................... 9,380 16,909 34,911 43,907 57,576 76,271 79,610 98,

Higher education scholarships ........................................................................................................ 15,420 27,890 30,589 32,337 30,863 26,721 26,124 25,

Department of State ............................................................................................................................... 30,850 † 2,167 3,000 319,000 424,000 443,000 473,

Educational exchange38 ...................................................................................................................... 30,850 † † † 319,000 424,000 443,000 473,

Mutual educational and cultural exchange activities ....................................................................... 30,454 † † † 303,000 402,000 423,000 453,

International educational exchange activities.................................................................................. 396 † † † 16,000 22,000 20,000 20,

Russian, Eurasian, and East European Research and Training ......................................................... † † 2,167 3,000 †††

Department of Transportation ................................................................................................................. 11,197 12,530 46,025 59,257 60,300 73,000 71,000 74,

Merchant Marine Academy30............................................................................................................... † † 20,926 30,850 34,000 61,000 63,000 61,

State marine schools30 ........................................................................................................................ † † 8,269 8,980 7,000 12,000 8,000 13,

Coast Guard Academy15 ..................................................................................................................... 9,342 10,000 12,074 13,500 15,500 † † 

Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers37................................................................................. 1,655 2,230 4,173 5,513 2,500 † † 

Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel15....................................................................... 200 300 582 414 1,300 † † 

Department of the Treasury .................................................................................................................... † 296,750 † † † † † 

General revenue sharing—estimated state share to higher education19,20 ......................................... † 296,750 † † † † † 

Department of Veterans Affairs............................................................................................................... 693,490 1,803,847 599,825 1,010,114 1,132,322 2,478,624 2,681,560 2,955,

Vietnam-era veterans.......................................................................................................................... 638,260 1,579,974 46,998 † † † † 

College student support .................................................................................................................. † 1,560,081 39,458 † † † † 

Work-study ...................................................................................................................................... † 19,893 7,540 † † † † 

Service persons college support......................................................................................................... 18,900 46,617 8,911 † † † † 

Post-Vietnam veterans ........................................................................................................................ † 922 161,475 33,596 3,958 1,136 1,275 

All-volunteer-force educational assistance.......................................................................................... † † 269,947 868,394 984,068 2,070,996 2,230,022 2,227,

Veterans .......................................................................................................................................... † † 183,765 760,390 876,434 1,887,239 1,956,747 2,081,

Reservists ....................................................................................................................................... † † 86,182 108,004 107,634 183,757 273,275 146,

Veteran dependents’ education........................................................................................................... 36,330 176,334 100,494 95,124 131,296 388,719 413,136 511,

Payments to state education agencies................................................................................................ † † 12,000 13,000 13,000 17,773 17,657 

Reserve Education Assistance Program (REAP)39............................................................................. † † † † † † 19,470 215,

Other agencies Appalachian Regional Commission .................................................................................................... 4,105 1,751 — 2,741 2,286 4,407 7,876 3,

National Endowment for the Humanities............................................................................................. 3,349 56,451 50,938 56,481 28,395 29,253 34,055 40,

National Science Foundation .............................................................................................................. 42,000 64,583 161,884 211,800 389,000 490,000 496,000 527,

Science and engineering education programs ................................................................................ 37,000 64,583 161,884 211,800 389,000 490,000 496,000 527,

Sea Grant Program29....................................................................................................................... 5,000 † † † †††

United States Information Agency40 .................................................................................................... 8,423 51,095 181,172 260,800 † † †

Educational and cultural affairs38..................................................................................................... † 49,546 35,862 13,600 † † † 

Educational and cultural exchange programs41 ............................................................................... † † 145,307 247,200 † † † 

Educational exchange activities, international................................................................................. † 1,5493††††

Information center and library activities........................................................................................... 8,423††††††

 Other programs Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation ............................................. † † 1,033 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,

Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia.................................................. 5,513 13,143 14,637 9,468 11,493 14,578 15,954 29,

Harry S Truman Scholarship fund ....................................................................................................... † -1,895 2,883 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,

Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development ................................. † † 4,305 13,000 2,000 6,000 6,000 6,

James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation .............................................................................. † † 191 2,000 7,000 2,000 2,000 2,

See notes at end of table.

Table 382. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level/educational purpose, agency, and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2010—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

Level/educational purpose, agency, and program 1970 1980 19901 19951 20001 20051 20061 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Other education........................................................................................................................................ $964,719 $1,548,730 $3,383,031 $4,719,655 $5,484,571 $6,908,504 $7,074,484 $7,214,

Department of Education3....................................................................................................................... 630,235 747,706 2,251,801 2,861,000 3,223,355 3,538,862 3,692,930 3,756,

Administration ..................................................................................................................................... 47,456 187,317 328,293 404,000 458,054 548,842 557,837 539,Libraries42............................................................................................................................................ 108,284 129,127 137,264 117,000 † † † 

Rehabilitative services and disability research ................................................................................... 473,091 426,886 1,780,360 2,333,000 2,755,468 2,973,346 3,115,842 3,177,American Printing House for the Blind ................................................................................................ 1,404 4,349 5,736 7,000 9,368 16,538 18,901 18,Trust funds and contributions .............................................................................................................. 0 27 148 0 465 136 350 21,

Department of Agriculture....................................................................................................................... 135,637 271,112 352,511 422,878 444,477 468,631 475,395 515,

Extension Service ............................................................................................................................... 131,734 263,584 337,907 405,371 424,174 445,631 451,395 491,National Agricultural Library................................................................................................................ 3,903 7,528 14,604 17,507 20,303 23,000 24,000 24,

Department of Commerce ...................................................................................................................... 1,226 2,479 † † † † † 

Maritime Administration

Training for private sector employees30............................................................................................ 1,226 2,479 † † † † † 

Department of Health and Human Services........................................................................................... 24,273 37,819 77,962 138,000 214,000 313,000 312,000 307,

National Library of Medicine ............................................................................................................... 24,273 37,819 77,962 138,000 214,000 313,000 312,000 307,

Department of Homeland Security ......................................................................................................... † † † † † 278,243 194,744 307,

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center43 ....................................................................................... † † † † † 159,000 180,000 280,

Estimated disaster relief44 ................................................................................................................... † † † † † 119,243 14,744 27,

Department of Justice............................................................................................................................. 5,546 27,642 26,920 36,296 34,727 26,148 26,734 28,

Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy ............................................................................ 2,066 7,234 6,028 12,831 22,479 15,619 15,931 16,

Federal Bureau of Investigation Field Police Academy ....................................................................... 2,500 7,715 10,548 11,140 11,962 10,456 10,770 11,

Narcotics and dangerous drug training ............................................................................................... 980 2,416 850 325 286 73 33 National Institute of Corrections.......................................................................................................... † 10,277 9,494 12,000 † † † 

Department of State ............................................................................................................................... 20,672 25,000 47,539 51,648 69,349 109,309 112,014 114,

Foreign Service Institute ..................................................................................................................... 15,857 25,000 47,539 51,648 69,349 109,309 112,014 114,

Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange38 ................................................................................. 4,815 † † † † † † 

Department of Transportation ................................................................................................................. 3,964 10,212 1,507 650 700 1,100 700 

Highways training and education grants ............................................................................................. 2,418 3,412 — — — — — Maritime Administration

Training for private sector employees30............................................................................................ † † 1,507 650 700 1,100 700 

Urban mass transportation—managerial training grants .................................................................... 1,546 500†††††

Federal Aviation Administration 

Air traffic controllers second career program .................................................................................. — 6,300 — — — — — 

Department of the Treasury .................................................................................................................... 18 14,584 41,488 48,000 83,000 † † 

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center43 ....................................................................................... 18 14,584 41,488 48,000 83,000 † † 

Other agencies

ACTION45 ............................................................................................................................................ † 2,833 8,472 † † † † 

Estimated education funds.............................................................................................................. † 2,833 8,472 † † † † 

Agency for International Development ................................................................................................ 88,034 99,707 170,371 260,408 299,000 574,000 566,800 629,

Education and human resources..................................................................................................... 61,570 80,518 142,801 248,408 299,000 574,000 566,800 629,

American schools and hospitals abroad ......................................................................................... 26,464 19,189 27,570 12,000 † † † 

Appalachian Regional Commission .................................................................................................... 572 8,124 † 5,709 2,369 1,173 1,933 2,

Corporation for National and Community Service45 ............................................................................ † † † 214,600 386,000 472,000 503,000 395,

Estimated education funds.............................................................................................................. † † † 214,600 386,000 472,000 503,000 395,

Federal Emergency Management Agency46 ....................................................................................... 290 281 215 170,400 14,894 † † 

Estimated architect/engineer student development program .......................................................... 40 31 200 — — † † Estimated other training programs47................................................................................................ 250 250 15 — — † † 

Estimated disaster relief44 ............................................................................................................... — — — 170,400 14,894 ††

General Services Administration

Libraries and other archival activities48............................................................................................ 14,775 34,800 † † † † † 

Institute of Museum and Library Services42 ........................................................................................ † † † † 166,000 250,000 241,000 258,

Japanese-United States Friendship Commission ............................................................................... † 2,294 2,299 2,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 2,

See notes at end of table.

Table 382. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level/educational purpose, agency, and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2010—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

Level/educational purpose, agency, and program 1970 1980 19901 19951 20001 20051 20061 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.1Excludes federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices. Benefits excluded from total because data before fiscal year (FY) 1990 are not available. This program existedsince Medicare began, but was not available as a separate budget item until FY 1990. Excluded amounts are as follows:$4,440,000,000 in FY 1990, $7,510,000,000 in FY 1995, $8,020,000,000 in FY 2000, $8,300,000,000 in FY 2005,$8,300,000,000 in FY 2006, $8,200,000,000 in FY 2007, $8,600,000,000 in FY 2008, $8,800,000,000 in FY 2009, and anestimated $9,100,000,000 in FY 2010.2Estimated.

3The U.S. Department of Education was created in May 1980. It formerly wment of Health, Education, and Welfare.4Arranges for the education of children who reside on federal property when vide for the education of these children.5Includes many programs, such as No Child Left Behind, 21st Century Comtion, Charter Schools, Safe and Drug-Free Schools, and Innovative program6Included the School-To-Work Opportunities program, which initiated a natU.S. Departments of Education and Labor. Programs in the Education Reimprovement programs or discontinued in FY 2002. Amounts after FY 200prior-year appropriations.

Library of Congress............................................................................................................................. 29,478 151,871 189,827 241,000 299,000 430,000 435,000 463,

Salaries and expenses.................................................................................................................... 20,700 102,364 148,985 198,000 247,000 383,000 381,000 413,

Books for the blind and the physically handicapped........................................................................ 6,195 31,436 37,473 39,000 46,000 47,000 54,000 50,

Special foreign currency program.................................................................................................... 2,273 3,492 10 † † † † 

Furniture and furnishings ................................................................................................................ 310 14,579 3,359 4,000 6,000 — — 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Aerospace education services project ............................................................................................ 350 882 3,300 5,923 6,800 — — 

National Archives and Records Administration

Libraries and other archival activities48............................................................................................ † † 77,397 105,172 121,879 276,000 276,000 273,

National Commission on Libraries and 

Information Science49 ...................................................................................................................... † 2,090 3,281 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,

National Endowment for the Arts ........................................................................................................ 340 231 936 2,304 4,046 2,506 2,503 2,

National Endowment for the Humanities............................................................................................. 5,090 85,805 89,706 94,249 70,807 87,969 86,250 80,

Smithsonian Institution........................................................................................................................ 2,461 5,153 5,779 9,961 25,764 45,890 42,092 46,

Museum programs and related research ........................................................................................ 2,261 3,254 690 3,190 18,000 32,000 33,000 37,National Gallery of Art extension service ........................................................................................ 200 426 474 771 764 890 92 

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars......................................................................... † 1,473 4,615 6,000 7,000 13,000 9,000 9,

U.S. Information Agency—Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange38 ....................................... † 15,115 20,375 34,000 † † † 

U.S. Institute of Peace......................................................................................................................... † † 7,621 12,000 13,000 28,000 101,000 32,

Other programs Estimated education share of federal aid for the District of Columbia................................................. 1,758 2,990 3,724 2,457 404 1,674 1,389 1,

Research programs at universities and related institutions50.............................................................. $2,283,641 $5,801,204 $12,606,035 $15,677,919 $21,660,134 $31,753,498 $30,715,210 $30,281,

Department of Education51 ..................................................................................................................... 87,823 78,742 89,483 279,000 116,464 456,822 390,548 437,

Department of Agriculture....................................................................................................................... 64,796 216,405 348,109 434,544 553,600 709,700 727,400 722,

Department of Commerce ...................................................................................................................... 4,487 48,295 50,523 85,442 110,775 243,948 249,962 200,Department of Defense........................................................................................................................... 356,188 644,455 1,871,864 1,853,955 1,891,710 2,675,900 2,547,020 2,703,

Department of Energy ............................................................................................................................ 548,327 1,470,224 2,520,885 2,651,641 3,577,004 4,339,879 4,283,520 3,382,

Department of Health and Human Services........................................................................................... 623,765 2,087,053 4,902,714 6,418,969 10,491,641 16,357,996 15,906,192 16,982,

Department of Homeland Security ......................................................................................................... † † † † † 309,717 321,125 127,

Department of Housing and Urban Development................................................................................... 510 5,314 118 1,613 1,400 1,100 600 

Department of the Interior....................................................................................................................... 18,521 42,175 49,790 50,618 47,200 66,800 52,800 66,

Department of Justice............................................................................................................................. 1,945 9,189 6,858 7,204 19,400 27,500 22,400 81,

Department of Labor............................................................................................................................... 3,567 12,938 5,893 10,114 12,900 110,500 59,500 23,

Department of State ............................................................................................................................... 8,220 188 1,519 23 † † † 

Department of Transportation ................................................................................................................. 12,328 31,910 28,608 75,847 55,866 52,800 62,000 53,

Department of the Treasury .................................................................................................................... † 226 227 1,496 † † † 

Department of Veterans Affairs............................................................................................................... 518 1,600 2,300 2,500 † † † 

Agency for International Development.................................................................................................... † 77,063 79,415 30,172 33,500 28,100 29,300 28,

Environmental Protection Agency........................................................................................................... 19,446 41,083 87,481 125,721 98,900 83,400 64,600 68,

Federal Emergency Management Agency.............................................................................................. †1,665†††††

National Aeronautics and Space Administration..................................................................................... 258,016 254,629 1,090,003 1,751,977 2,071,030 2,763,120 2,386,342 1,651,

National Science Foundation .................................................................................................................. 253,628 743,809 1,427,007 1,874,395 2,566,244 3,503,216 3,591,701 3,735,

Nuclear Regulatory Commission ............................................................................................................ † 32,590 42,328 22,188 12,200 15,100 13,600 10,

Office of Economic Opportunity.............................................................................................................. 20,035 † † † † † † 

US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency .......................................................................................... 100 661 25 † † † † 

Other agencies ....................................................................................................................................... 1,421 990 885 500 300 7,900 6,600 6,

Table 382. Federal on-budget funds for education, by level/educational purpose, agency, and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2010—Continued

[In thousands of current dollars]

Level/educational purpose, agency, and program 1970 1980 19901 19951 20001 20051 20061 20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

7Starting in FY 1994, the Special Milk Program has been included in the child nutrition programs.8The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-171) carries out preschool and school feeding programs in foreign countries to help reduce the incidence of hunger and malnutrition, and improve literacy and primary education.9These commodities are purchased under Section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935, for use in the child nutrition programs.10Assisted in the construction of public facilities, such as vocational schools, through grants or loans. No funds have beenappropriated for this program since FY 1977, and it was completely phased out in FY 1984.11Established in 1979, with funds first appropriated in FY 1980.12Formerly in the Office of Economic Opportunity. In FY 1972, funds were transferred to the U.S. Department of Health,Education, and Welfare, Office of Child Development.13Created by the Family Support Act of 1988 to provide funds for the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program.

Replaced by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program.

14After age 18, benefits terminate at the end of the school term or in 3 months, whichever comes first.15Transferred from the U.S. Department of Transportation to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in March of 2003.16Provides funding for supplemental programs for eligible American Indian students in public schools.17Finances the cost of academic, social, and occupational education courses for inmates in federal prisons.18Some of the work and training programs were in the Office of Economic Opportunity and were transferred to the U.S.Department of Labor in FYs 1971 and 1972. From FY 1994 through FY 2001, included the School-to-Work Opportunitiesprogram, which was administered jointly by the U.S. Departments of Education and Labor.19Established in FY 1972 and closed in FY 1986.20The states' share of revenue-sharing funds could not be spent on education in FYs 1981 through 1986.21Provided educational assistance allowances in order to restore lost educational opportunities to those individuals whosecareers were interrupted or impeded by reason of active military service between January 31, 1955, and January 1, 1977.22This program is in "Readjustment Benefits" program, Chapter 31, and covers the costs of subsistence, tuition, books,supplies, and equipment for disabled veterans requiring vocational rehabilitation.23This program is in "Readjustment Benefits" program, Chapter 35, and provides benefits to children and spouses of veterans.24Head Start program funds were transferred to the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of ChildDevelopment, in FY 1972.25Most of these programs were transferred to the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education,

in FY 1972.

26Transferred to the U.S. Department of Labor in FYs 1971 and 1972.27Transferred to the ACTION Agency in FY 1972.28Transferred from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to the U.S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare, Office of Education, in FY 1979.29Transferred from the National Science Foundation to the U.S. Department of Commerce in October 1970.30Transferred from the U.S. Department of Commerce to the U.S. Department of Transportation in FY 1981.31Includes special education programs (military and civilian); legal education program; flight training; advanced degree program; college degree program (officers); and "Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship" program.32Does not include higher education assistance loans.33Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health training programs are included starting in FY 1992.34Beginning in FY 1992, data were included in the National Institutes of Health training grants program.

35This program closed in FY 2004.36Postsecondary student benefits were ended by the Omnibus Budget Reco

were completely phased out by August 1985.

37Includes flight training. Transferred to the U.S. Department of Homeland S38Transferred from the U.S. Department of State to the United States Inform

the U.S. Department of State in FY 1998.

39Part of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for FY 

28, 2004. The Reserve Education Assistance Program (REAP) provides National Guard and Reserves who serve on active duty in support of a contiafter September 11, 2001.

40Abolished in FY 1998, with functions transferred to the U.S. Department 

Board of Governors.

41Included in the “Educational and Cultural Affairs” program in FYs 1980 th

gram in FY 1984.

42Transferred from U.S. Department of Education to the Institute of Museum 43Transferred to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in FY 2003.44The disaster relief program repairs and replaces damaged and destroyed 

repairs due to the Northridge Earthquake in California. In FY 1995, $74.4 mon community colleges, and $87.6 million on colleges and universities. ThEmergency Management Agency to the U.S. Department of Homeland Secu

45The National Service Trust Act of 1993 established the Corporation fo

ACTION became part of this agency.

46The Federal Emergency Management Agency was created in 1979, repres

The funds for the Federal Emergency Management Agency in FY 1970 to was transferred to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in March of 2

47These programs include the Fall-Out Shelter Analysis, Blast Protection D

earthquake training and safety for teachers and administrators for grades 1 

48Transferred from the General Services Administration to the National Arch49Public Law 110-161 transferred the National Commission on Libraries 

Museum and Library Services starting in FY 2008.

50Includes federal obligations for research and development centers and R & 

sities. FY 2008 and FY 2009 data are estimated, except the U.S Departmen

51FY 1970 includes outlays for the "Research and Training" program. FY 1

tion" program. FYs 1990 through 2009 include outlays for the Office of EdInstitute of Education Sciences.NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. To toutlays rather than obligations. Detail may not sum to totals because of roureceipts exceed outlays. The increase in total postsecondary expenditures adjustment in the Federal Family Education Loan Program.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix, fiscal years 1972 through Funds for Research and Development, fiscal years 1970 through 2009. (Thi
556 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

1Includes Head Start programs at child care centers, Job Corps and other vocational programs, adult basic education programs, and federal programs at libraries and museums.

2Other recipients include American Indian tribes, private nonprofit agencies, and banks.

3Includes on-budget funds, off-budget support, and nonfederal funds generated by federal

legislation. Excludes federal tax expenditures.

NOTE: Outlays by type of recipient are estimated based on obligation data. Detail may not

sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabulations. U.S.

Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix,

Fiscal Year 2011. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, fiscal years 2007, 2008, and 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 383. Estimated federal support for education, by type of ultimate recipient and agency: Fiscal year 2009 

[In millions of current dollars]

Agency Total

Local

education

agencies

State

education

agencies

Postsecondary

students

Degreegranting

institutions

Federal

institutions

Other education

organizations1

Other

recipients2

1 2345678 9

Total3

........................................................................ $260,122.7 $54,951.6 $13,965.7 $61,226.4 $88,779.9 $5,582.5 $22,485.4 $13,131.2

Total program funds—on-budget ............................. 163,070.7 54,951.6 9,113.1 22,346.6 46,018.1 5,582.5 22,485.4 2,573.4

Department of Education................................................. 85,224.7 40,300.0 8,402.8 14,828.8 14,782.5 1,415.3 4,068.7 1,426.6

Department of Agriculture ............................................... 16,428.1 13,217.6 685.7 † 612.0 23.0 1,370.0 519.8

Department of Commerce ............................................... 198.0 † † † 198.0 † † †

Department of Defense ................................................... 6,678.1 378.7 † 747.4 3,071.6 1,900.2 580.3 †

Department of Energy ..................................................... 2,883.7 † † † 2,883.7 † † †

Department of Health and Human Services.................... 28,470.4 849.9 † 1,764.0 17,688.9 331.0 7,836.6 †

Department of Homeland Security .................................. 558.5 † † 20.4 165.4 352.5 20.1 †

Department of Housing and Urban Development............ 0.4 † † † 0.4 † † †

Department of the Interior ............................................... 968.5 68.3 24.6 26.1 53.8 560.8 234.8 †

Department of Justice...................................................... 876.2 † † † 26.1 30.1 820.0 †

Department of Labor ....................................................... 6,084.6 † † † 11.6 † 6,073.0 †

Department of State ........................................................ 655.5 †††† 118.5 537.0 †

Department of Transportation.......................................... 139.9 † † † 70.8 54.0 0.1 15.0

Department of Veterans Affairs........................................ 4,601.4 † † 4,601.4††† †

Other agencies and programs

Agency for International Development............................. 628.2 † † † 16.2 † † 612.0

Appalachian Regional Commission................................. 6.1 † † † 3.0 † 3.1 †

Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in 

Education Foundation.................................................. 3.0 † † † † †3.0 †

Corporation for National and Community Service ........... 401.0 ††††† 401.0 †

Environmental Protection Agency.................................... 64.7 † † † 64.7 † † †

Estimated education share of federal aid to the District 

of Columbia.................................................................. 157.5 137.0 † † 19.2 † 1.3 †

Harry S Truman scholarship fund .................................... 2.0 † † † † †2.0 †

Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture 

and Arts Development ................................................. 8.0 † † † † †8.0 †

Institute of Museum and Library Services ....................... 265.0 ††††† 265.0 †

James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation........... 2.0 † † † † †2.0 †

Japanese-United States Friendship Commission............ 2.0 † † † † †2.0 †

Library of Congress ......................................................... 468.0 †††† 468.0 † †

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ............. 1,655.4 † † † 1,655.4 † † †

National Archives and Records Administration................ 329.0 †††† 329.0 † †

National Endowment for the Arts..................................... 12.9 † † † † †12.9 †

National Endowment for the Humanities ......................... 134.5 ††††† 134.5 †

National Science Foundation........................................... 5,034.5 † † 358.5 4,676.0 † † †

Nuclear Regulatory Commission..................................... 8.1 † † † 8.1 † † †

Smithsonian Institution .................................................... 61.1 † † † †0.1 61.0 †

U.S. Institute of Peace ..................................................... 49.0 † † † † †49.0 †

Other agencies ................................................................ 10.7 † † † 10.7 † † †

Off-budget support and nonfederal funds 

generated by federal legislation......................... 97,052.0 † 4,852.6 38,879.8 42,761.8 † † 10,557.8
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 557

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. 

1Includes funds for vocational education and for federal programs at libraries and museums.

2Other recipients include American Indian tribes, private nonprofit agencies, and banks.

NOTE: Outlays by type of recipient are estimated based on obligation data. The increase in

postsecondary expenditures in 2006 resulted primarily from an accounting adjustment. Some

data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals

because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, fiscal

years 1982 through 2011. U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Table 384. U.S. Department of Education outlays, by type of recipient and level of education: Selected fiscal years, 1980 through 2010

[In millions of current dollars]

Year and level of education Total

Local education

agencies

State education

agencies

Postsecondary

students

Postsecondary

institutions

Federal

institutions

Other education

organizations1

Other

recipients2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1980 total ........................................................................ $13,137.8 $5,313.7 $1,103.2 $2,137.4 $2,267.2 $249.8 $693.8 $1,372.7

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 6,629.1 5,309.4 662.2 34.2 22.0 62.5 513.4 25.5

 Postsecondary............................................................... 5,682.2 † 99.5 2,103.2 2,166.5 † † 1,313.0

 Other programs.............................................................. 747.7 4.3 341.5 † † 187.3 180.4 34.2

 Education research and statistics.................................. 78.7 † † † 78.7 † † †

1985 total ........................................................................ 16,701.1 6,225.0 1,502.9 2,434.7 2,362.3 287.3 503.9 3,385.0

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 7,296.7 6,220.8 636.0 58.0 25.2 2.4 322.4 31.9

 Postsecondary............................................................... 8,202.5 † 228.3 2,376.7 2,308.3 † † 3,289.2

 Other programs.............................................................. 1,173.1 4.2 638.6 † † 284.9 181.5 63.9

 Education research and statistics.................................. 28.8 † † † 28.8 † † †

1990 total ........................................................................ 23,198.6 8,000.7 2,490.3 3,859.6 3,649.8 441.4 912.2 3,844.4

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 9,681.3 7,995.0 700.3 80.5 85.4 113.1 650.7 56.3

 Postsecondary............................................................... 11,176.0 † 261.6 3,779.1 3,475.0 † † 3,660.4

 Other programs.............................................................. 2,251.8 5.7 1,528.5 † † 328.3 261.5 127.8

 Education research and statistics.................................. 89.5 † † † 89.5 † † †

1995 total ........................................................................ 31,403.0 11,210.7 3,584.0 4,964.7 5,016.1 485.4 1,349.2 4,792.9

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 14,029.0 11,203.3 1,410.0 190.5 170.1 70.3 946.9 37.9

 Postsecondary............................................................... 14,234.0 † 250.8 4,774.2 4,567.0 † † 4,642.0

 Other programs.............................................................. 2,861.0 7.4 1,923.2 † † 415.1 402.3 113.0

 Education research and statistics.................................. 279.0 † † † 279.0 † † †

2000 total ........................................................................ 34,106.7 16,016.0 4,316.5 4,711.7 5,005.7 506.6 1,820.2 1,730.1

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 20,039.6 16,003.5 1,989.6 260.5 198.9 48.5 1,461.8 76.8

 Postsecondary............................................................... 10,727.3 † 55.2 4,451.2 4,690.3 † † 1,530.6

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,223.4 12.5 2,271.7 † † 458.1 358.4 122.7

 Education research and statistics.................................. 116.5 † † † 116.5 † † †

2001 total ........................................................................ 36,562.0 18,027.4 4,336.7 4,525.6 5,793.3 600.4 2,149.1 1,129.7

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 22,862.4 18,014.5 1,999.8 392.5 405.9 69.8 1,780.6 199.4

 Postsecondary............................................................... 9,840.7 † 98.5 4,133.1 4,821.9 † † 787.2

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,293.4 12.9 2,238.4 † † 530.6 368.5 143.1

 Education research and statistics.................................. 565.5 † † † 565.5 † † †

2002 total ........................................................................ 46,324.4 19,742.1 4,967.8 8,306.0 8,668.2 608.9 2,200.3 1,831.3

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 25,246.2 19,729.2 2,429.8 490.0 454.9 77.6 1,829.5 235.3

 Postsecondary............................................................... 17,056.2 † 199.2 7,816.0 7,588.1 † † 1,452.9

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,396.8 12.9 2,338.8 † † 531.3 370.8 143.1

 Education research and statistics.................................. 625.2 † † † 625.2 † † †

2003 total ........................................................................ 57,442.9 23,837.7 6,164.6 11,032.5 10,731.8 657.8 2,478.9 2,539.6

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 30,749.3 23,882.8 3,141.1 594.3 637.4 109.5 2,105.6 338.6

 Postsecondary............................................................... 22,706.4 † 668.6 10,438.2 9,542.5 † † 2,057.2

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,435.2 14.9 2,354.9 † † 548.3 373.3 143.8

 Education research and statistics.................................. 551.9 † † † 551.9 † † †

2004 total ........................................................................ 62,903.4 26,012.4 6,334.5 12,005.0 10,977.0 648.9 2,730.1 4,195.4

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 33,689.4 25,990.0 3,611.7 606.2 642.5 126.4 2,300.0 412.6

 Postsecondary............................................................... 25,341.0 † 420.9 11,398.8 9,899.3 † † 3,621.9

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,437.8 22.4 2,301.9 † † 522.5 430.1 160.9

 Education research and statistics.................................. 435.2 † † † 435.2 † † †

2005 total ........................................................................ 72,893.3 28,900.2 7,126.3 14,708.2 13,362.4 669.8 3,023.0 5,103.4

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 37,477.6 28,878.6 3,971.6 698.1 790.0 145.9 2,578.4 415.0

 Postsecondary............................................................... 31,420.0 † 777.1 14,010.1 12,115.6 † † 4,517.2

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,538.9 21.6 2,377.6 † † 523.9 444.6 171.2

 Education research and statistics.................................. 456.8 † † † 456.8 † † †

2006 total ........................................................................ 93,571.5 30,236.6 8,331.3 22,955.1 21,376.1 693.2 2,902.3 7,076.8

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 38,863.4 30,214.8 4,098.7 741.5 775.1 168.6 2,455.5 409.2

 Postsecondary............................................................... 50,624.6 † 1,702.4 22,213.6 20,210.5 † † 6,498.1

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,692.9 21.8 2,530.2 † † 524.6 446.8 169.5

 Education research and statistics.................................. 390.5 † † † 390.5 † † †

2007 total ........................................................................ 71,808.0 29,008.8 7,429.4 14,269.9 13,877.6 613.2 2,931.5 3,677.7

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 37,562.1 28,990.4 4,018.7 824.4 781.5 73.8 2,460.7 412.6

 Postsecondary............................................................... 30,052.0 † 805.5 13,445.5 12,658.6 † 57.8 3,084.6

 Other programs.............................................................. 3,756.4 18.4 2,605.2 † † 539.4 413.0 180.5

 Education research and statistics.................................. 437.5 † † † 437.5 † † †

2008 total ........................................................................ 72,177.8 29,553.0 7,377.7 14,371.2 13,585.9 1,348.8 2,997.9 2,943.3

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 38,330.4 29,533.5 4,100.2 859.6 800.2 96.3 2,518.1 422.5

 Postsecondary............................................................... 28,838.8 † 618.8 13,511.6 12,322.0 † 58.3 2,328.1

 Other programs.............................................................. 4,545.0 19.5 2,658.7 † † 1,252.5 421.5 192.7

 Education research and statistics.................................. 463.7 † † † 463.7 † † †

2009 total ........................................................................ 85,224.7 40,300.0 8,402.8 14,828.8 14,782.5 1,415.3 4,068.7 1,426.6

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 52,468.1 40,273.4 5,562.4 893.8 1,325.9 76.3 3,590.7 745.4

 Postsecondary............................................................... 27,626.6 † 228.0 13,935.0 12,878.0 † 63.7 521.9

 Other programs.............................................................. 4,551.4 26.6 2,612.3 † † 1,339.0 414.1 159.3

 Education research and statistics.................................. 578.6 † † † 578.6 † † †

2010 total ........................................................................ 116,811.6 58,868.4 11,733.5 18,733.8 18,936.5 1,496.4 5,920.2 1,122.9

 Elementary/secondary................................................... 76,932.5 58,839.2 8,272.2 1,151.5 2,085.6 78.0 5,320.4 1,185.7

 Postsecondary............................................................... 33,673.3 † 62.3 17,582.3 16,237.9 † 60.9 -270.1

 Other programs.............................................................. 5,592.7 29.2 3,399.0 † † 1,418.4 538.9 207.3

 Education research and statistics.................................. 613.0 † † † 613.0 † † †
558 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Title I includes Grants to Local Education Agencies (Basic, Concentration, Targeted, and

Education Finance Incentive Grants); School Turnaround Grants; Even Start; Migrant Education Grants; and Neglected and Delinquent Children Grants.

2Title VI includes Teacher Quality State Grants; Mathematics and Science Partnerships;

Educational Technology State Grants; 21st Century Community Learning Centers; Assessing Achievement, including No Child Left Behind; Education for the Homeless Children and

Youth; Rural and Low-Income Schools Program; Small, Rural School Achievement Program; Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities State Grants; State Fiscal Stabilization Fund—Education State Grants; and Government Services, Recovery Act.

3Includes Impact Aid—Basic Support Payments; Impact Aid—Payments for Children with

Disabilities; and Impact Aid—Construction. 

4Includes Career and Technical Education State Grants; English Literacy and Civics Education State Grants; Tech-Prep Education; State Grants for Incarcerated Youth Offenders;

State Grants for Workplace and Community Transition Training for Incarcerated Individuals; and Adult Basic and Literacy Education State Grants.

5Includes Special Education—Grants to States; Preschool Grants; and Grants for Infants

and Families. 

6Includes English Learner Education. 

7Includes Institutional Aid to Strengthen Higher Education Institutions serving significant

numbers of low-income students; Other Special Programs for the Disadvantaged; Cooperative Education; Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education; Fellowships and

Scholarships; and College Access Challenge Funds.

8Includes Pell Grants; Leveraging Educational Assistance Partnership; Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants; Federal Work-Study; Special Allowances; and

Federal Family Education Loan Program interest subsidies.

9Includes Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants; Supported Employment State Grants; Client Assistance State Grants; Independent Living State Grants; Services for Older Blind

Individuals; Protection and Advocacy for Assistive Technology; Assistive Technology State

Grant Program; and Protection and Advocacy of Individual Rights.

10Total excludes other activities and other jurisdictions. 

NOTE: Data reflect revisions to figures in the Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2011. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabulations. (This

table was prepared September 2010.)

Table 385. U.S. Department of Education appropriations for major programs, by state or jurisdiction: Fiscal year 2009 

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction Total

Grants

for the

disadvantaged1

Block grants

to states for

school improvement2

School

assistance

in federally

affected

areas3

Career/

technical

and adult

education4

Special

education5

Language

assistance6

American

Indian

education

Degreegranting

institutions7

Student

financial

assistance8

Rehabilitation

services9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Total, 50 states and D.C.10 ...... $149,212,569 $27,193,784 $53,542,474 $1,214,695 $1,773,241 $24,123,025 $670,531 $99,331 $2,484,776 $34,377,069 $3,733,644

Total, 50 states, D.C., other 

activities, and other 

jurisdictions....................... 153,880,921 28,549,686 54,778,065 1,294,646 1,836,871 24,518,737 730,000 99,331 2,547,128 35,649,137 3,877,320

Alabama ........................................... 2,498,058 463,081 830,280 3,884 30,709 386,959 4,349 1,805 81,108 619,916 75,966

Alaska............................................... 509,842 86,221 144,308 120,019 5,500 76,311 1,323 10,055 19,414 31,679 15,012

Arizona ............................................. 4,094,889 565,161 1,127,196 173,962 38,688 395,330 24,900 10,701 29,277 1,648,451 81,223

Arkansas........................................... 1,884,625 321,697 511,093 547 18,784 242,964 3,332 308 41,069 694,999 49,832 California .......................................... 17,559,394 3,341,323 6,641,271 66,428 223,255 2,638,315 168,456 6,185 254,770 3,842,175 377,216

Colorado ........................................... 2,143,502 317,836 831,178 16,901 23,920 327,424 11,215 767 27,105 536,919 50,238 Connecticut....................................... 1,439,938 212,064 594,982 6,575 16,466 283,720 5,737 0 16,468 273,141 30,784

Delaware........................................... 475,965 85,322 165,339 83 6,690 73,590 1,169 0 8,189 119,699 15,884 District of Columbia .......................... 677,104 99,638 119,412 1,692 5,729 38,473 807 0 252,993 140,533 17,827

Florida............................................... 8,167,591 1,363,507 2,974,711 10,611 101,826 1,340,987 43,560 57 74,526 2,047,354 210,453

Georgia............................................. 4,758,673 980,701 1,724,259 23,507 59,739 688,522 16,479 0 72,253 1,088,394 104,819

Hawaii............................................... 585,798 88,962 222,760 49,441 8,241 86,197 2,666 0 34,069 75,212 18,250

Idaho................................................. 722,072 100,954 278,935 7,641 9,360 117,720 1,998 429 10,671 171,933 22,431

Illinois................................................ 6,474,536 1,207,422 2,297,876 18,902 70,298 1,082,593 30,907 130 80,123 1,539,683 146,602

Indiana.............................................. 3,041,889 499,659 1,111,083 153 38,196 546,266 6,661 0 26,691 725,376 87,805

Iowa .................................................. 1,665,579 150,371 519,402 671 17,275 259,976 2,770 154 25,390 647,975 41,595

Kansas.............................................. 1,357,390 213,615 499,624 26,410 15,759 230,372 3,684 1,171 28,705 301,590 36,458

Kentucky ........................................... 2,230,891 447,205 748,914 877 28,780 347,187 3,765 0 39,296 547,292 67,574

Louisiana .......................................... 2,509,840 560,172 837,487 9,957 32,487 402,961 2,952 813 64,723 550,507 47,780

Maine................................................ 633,942 105,156 227,297 2,958 8,119 117,185 724 114 12,207 138,628 21,555

Maryland........................................... 2,342,158 377,400 963,021 6,214 27,017 442,514 9,406 75 44,061 413,995 58,454

Massachusetts.................................. 2,916,821 471,283 1,098,145 720 30,061 598,602 11,839 72 36,894 602,054 67,151

Michigan ........................................... 5,204,829 1,092,258 1,817,441 5,004 59,430 850,249 10,927 2,953 44,244 1,193,662 128,660

Minnesota ......................................... 2,336,447 273,332 891,657 18,739 25,839 408,447 7,923 3,413 31,229 617,804 58,063

Mississippi ........................................ 1,833,325 381,092 568,098 2,156 21,193 255,252 1,574 49 49,685 499,913 54,312

Missouri ............................................ 2,860,606 440,296 1,028,903 21,961 35,027 481,955 5,014 73 33,756 731,092 82,529

Montana............................................ 568,001 93,469 184,312 44,231 7,139 80,663 502 3,192 32,175 105,469 16,849

Nebraska .......................................... 867,962 139,152 321,899 18,124 10,191 158,964 2,668 816 13,747 176,990 25,412

Nevada ............................................. 926,041 187,112 433,686 4,849 13,663 149,338 8,030 744 14,766 96,017 17,835

New Hampshire ................................ 556,264 81,855 233,838 11 7,790 102,333 786 0 4,112 108,366 17,174

New Jersey ....................................... 3,613,375 541,015 1,457,906 13,589 41,885 765,864 18,324 59 31,261 665,902 77,570

New Mexico ...................................... 1,249,118 229,216 368,924 110,575 13,576 200,283 5,116 8,580 38,897 242,292 31,660

New York........................................... 10,405,827 2,480,360 3,482,279 22,321 101,833 1,632,210 49,793 1,780 96,882 2,336,875 201,496 North Carolina .................................. 4,180,283 727,207 1,571,471 17,530 55,322 689,619 14,335 3,570 93,604 883,027 124,598

North Dakota .................................... 434,822 72,739 135,541 30,364 5,651 60,180 541 1,786 20,732 92,736 14,552

Ohio .................................................. 5,653,257 1,060,810 2,008,464 2,583 66,402 929,374 7,938 0 51,500 1,371,212 154,975 Oklahoma ......................................... 1,913,038 312,715 658,268 47,303 22,850 313,619 3,944 24,540 44,525 431,394 53,881 Oregon.............................................. 1,685,217 276,318 633,550 3,358 20,866 275,185 7,868 2,200 19,380 391,107 55,383

Pennsylvania..................................... 5,881,807 1,131,471 2,134,799 1,547 68,262 910,456 12,756 0 54,676 1,409,394 158,445

Rhode Island .................................... 575,890 101,889 195,464 2,097 8,315 95,131 1,927 0 7,684 147,968 15,416

South Carolina.................................. 2,210,585 407,523 779,344 2,821 29,248 376,542 4,629 9 55,029 486,803 68,637 South Dakota.................................... 525,270 91,055 158,838 48,762 5,937 71,809 500 3,468 11,682 118,393 14,826

Tennessee ........................................ 2,977,092 539,887 1,059,991 4,224 38,009 496,512 5,998 0 52,161 693,259 87,051

Texas ................................................ 12,593,400 2,724,469 4,498,201 99,950 152,773 2,053,069 98,712 366 201,714 2,468,453 295,692

Utah .................................................. 1,326,872 139,327 519,584 10,666 17,153 233,097 5,323 1,234 15,568 343,783 41,138

Vermont ............................................ 359,263 69,261 124,442 5 5,420 58,353 500 199 9,756 76,187 15,139

Virginia.............................................. 3,292,504 476,672 1,309,939 49,126 40,517 601,799 11,448 15 50,967 665,147 86,873

Washington....................................... 2,695,673 401,106 1,099,054 58,602 32,540 475,945 16,489 4,309 49,927 487,288 70,413

West Virginia..................................... 959,621 177,759 314,290 21 13,043 163,033 677 0 25,476 231,832 33,488

Wisconsin ......................................... 2,502,716 415,846 970,935 14,422 31,165 449,340 7,091 2,428 41,330 497,072 73,086

Wyoming........................................... 332,971 69,823 112,781 11,601 5,300 60,238 500 713 8,309 50,124 13,582

Other activities/jurisdictions

Indian Tribe (Set-Aside) ................ 390,684 199,099 38,224 0 14,511 97,635 5,000 0 0 0 36,214 Other............................................. 285,041 24,248 57,330 77,964 12,731 15,000 47,450 0 0 43,904 6,414

American Samoa .......................... 93,515 19,346 52,368 1,755 577 7,131 1,219 0 1,596 7,960 1,563 Guam ............................................ 185,396 23,856 119,398 20 1,050 15,949 1,192 0 3,196 16,570 4,166

Marshall Islands............................ 309 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 309 0 0

Federated States of Micronesia .... 32,245 0 0 0 190 6,579 0 0 1,683 23,792 0

Northern Marianas........................ 69,447 7,027 48,615 0 676 5,423 1,184 0 1,445 2,962 2,116

Palau............................................. 1,359 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,359 0 0

Puerto Rico................................... 3,480,208 1,056,330 838,770 0 32,769 238,009 3,370 0 49,757 1,171,001 90,204 U.S. Virgin Islands......................... 130,148 25,996 80,886 213 1,126 9,986 55 0 3,007 5,880 2,999
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 559

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Includes Basic, Concentration, Targeted, and Education Finance Incentive Grants.

2Total excludes other activities and other jurisdictions. 

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. These are preliminary estimates

for fiscal year 2010.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, Elementary, Secondary, and

Vocational Education Analysis Division, unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared

September 2010.)

Table 386. Appropriations for Title I and selected other programs under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, by program and state or 

jurisdiction: Fiscal years 2009 and 2010

[In thousands of current dollars]

State or jurisdiction

Title I

total, 2009

Title I, 2010

Improving

Teacher

Quality State

Total Grants, 2010

Grants to local

education

agencies1

State agency programs Turnaround

Grants Even Start

Assessing

Achievement,

2010

Neglected and

Delinquent Migrant

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total, 50 states and D.C.2........................... $14,301,514 $14,800,530 $13,788,607 $48,619 $384,771 $519,761 $58,773 $389,754 $2,805,454

Total, 50 states, D.C., other activities, and 

other jurisdictions................................ 15,004,053 15,549,686 14,492,401 50,427 394,771 545,633 66,454 410,732 2,947,749

Alabama .............................................................. 242,060 232,515 220,631 802 2,144 8,035 904 6,618 46,531

Alaska.................................................................. 46,044 46,693 37,246 254 7,251 1,637 306 3,574 14,024

Arizona ................................................................ 300,152 325,547 304,582 1,478 6,842 11,382 1,263 8,396 50,189

Arkansas.............................................................. 170,408 170,006 157,648 333 5,487 5,890 647 5,246 28,986

California ............................................................. 1,800,558 1,940,215 1,726,744 1,769 135,300 69,095 7,307 32,709 331,147

Colorado .............................................................. 166,968 170,293 155,759 633 7,325 5,933 643 6,838 33,529

Connecticut.......................................................... 115,601 121,584 114,520 1,325 1,035 4,231 473 5,657 26,746

Delaware.............................................................. 42,313 44,067 41,388 526 304 1,544 306 3,655 14,024

District of Columbia ............................................. 49,535 50,073 47,617 358 0 1,792 306 3,342 14,024

Florida.................................................................. 702,690 774,714 718,131 2,128 23,656 27,742 3,056 15,857 134,533

Georgia................................................................ 506,877 544,960 514,051 1,199 8,212 19,333 2,165 11,148 81,286

Hawaii.................................................................. 44,783 45,656 42,599 327 835 1,589 306 3,895 14,024

Idaho.................................................................... 53,409 55,835 49,334 521 3,714 1,961 306 4,308 14,024

Illinois................................................................... 640,580 641,079 613,255 1,183 1,984 22,145 2,512 13,153 118,521

Indiana................................................................. 269,669 268,180 251,583 612 5,718 9,240 1,027 8,085 51,268

Iowa ..................................................................... 80,164 82,803 77,475 389 1,673 2,940 327 5,264 22,564

Kansas................................................................. 115,985 118,510 101,985 309 12,002 4,214 0 5,221 22,813

Kentucky .............................................................. 235,930 244,820 226,553 969 7,687 8,659 951 6,229 45,478

Louisiana ............................................................. 315,407 332,787 316,260 1,651 2,569 11,063 1,244 6,575 63,438

Maine................................................................... 54,832 56,063 52,339 224 1,216 1,978 306 3,891 14,024

Maryland.............................................................. 194,194 193,190 183,802 1,341 525 6,759 763 7,319 40,874

Massachusetts..................................................... 248,911 236,762 224,208 1,958 1,673 8,023 900 7,656 51,111

Michigan .............................................................. 566,379 565,850 534,724 377 8,896 19,650 2,202 10,709 112,441

Minnesota ............................................................ 144,364 137,779 130,061 243 2,152 4,787 536 6,987 38,577

Mississippi ........................................................... 201,042 212,736 202,656 746 1,077 7,418 838 5,424 43,030

Missouri ............................................................... 238,468 250,602 237,637 1,531 1,577 8,860 997 7,570 51,012

Montana............................................................... 47,250 48,386 45,249 104 1,046 1,682 306 3,700 14,024

Nebraska ............................................................. 73,880 70,105 61,407 645 5,292 2,455 306 4,409 14,301

Nevada ................................................................ 93,546 94,774 90,361 393 246 3,390 384 5,123 15,772

New Hampshire ................................................... 40,758 41,972 39,526 518 152 1,470 306 3,953 14,024

New Jersey .......................................................... 291,371 315,737 298,946 2,447 2,038 11,063 1,243 9,627 65,420

New Mexico ......................................................... 119,878 120,121 114,256 258 957 4,179 471 4,593 22,841

New York.............................................................. 1,264,435 1,305,263 1,240,979 2,932 10,268 45,905 5,179 17,232 227,670

North Carolina ..................................................... 378,758 401,024 378,123 1,216 5,854 14,237 1,594 10,172 68,478

North Dakota ....................................................... 36,283 37,530 35,595 73 243 1,314 306 3,447 14,024

Ohio ..................................................................... 555,749 560,075 533,140 2,386 2,756 19,582 2,211 11,780 107,946

Oklahoma ............................................................ 164,244 169,950 161,249 391 1,594 6,036 680 5,877 34,344

Oregon................................................................. 148,129 163,739 145,447 1,218 10,644 5,816 614 5,778 28,890

Pennsylvania........................................................ 589,777 611,057 576,550 1,153 9,408 21,534 2,411 12,018 115,388

Rhode Island ....................................................... 53,545 53,341 50,517 632 69 1,817 306 3,741 14,024

South Carolina..................................................... 213,873 226,895 215,650 1,685 583 8,067 910 6,422 38,087

South Dakota....................................................... 45,102 46,725 43,747 165 869 1,638 306 3,622 14,024

Tennessee ........................................................... 278,045 285,639 273,327 455 597 10,111 1,148 7,747 52,054

Texas ................................................................... 1,437,805 1,459,697 1,339,020 2,426 61,224 51,428 5,598 24,442 248,010

Utah ..................................................................... 72,333 74,313 68,647 806 1,917 2,638 306 5,646 19,511

Vermont ............................................................... 34,913 36,093 33,384 482 659 1,263 306 3,417 14,024

Virginia................................................................. 251,482 262,791 249,633 1,927 825 9,351 1,055 8,842 52,927

Washington.......................................................... 215,768 215,834 190,738 1,024 15,691 7,585 795 7,975 47,725

West Virginia........................................................ 94,877 95,963 91,428 751 84 3,324 376 4,247 23,379

Wisconsin ............................................................ 217,408 205,417 196,433 802 660 6,757 764 7,207 46,334

Wyoming.............................................................. 34,981 34,774 32,465 545 242 1,216 306 3,408 14,024

Other activities/jurisdictions

Indian Tribe Set-Aside...................................... 102,123 105,350 100,671 0 0 3,682 997 2,000 14,665

Other nonstate allocations ............................... 24,248 24,248 9,000 1,261 10,000 0 3,987 10,732 19,739

American Samoa ............................................. 9,921 10,541 10,086 0 0 369 85 379 3,498

Guam ............................................................... 12,234 12,446 11,910 0 0 436 101 815 5,155

Northern Marianas........................................... 3,604 3,829 3,664 0 0 134 31 256 1,646

Puerto Rico...................................................... 537,078 578,578 554,910 548 0 20,756 2,364 6,246 93,226

U.S. Virgin Islands............................................ 13,331 14,164 13,553 0 0 496 115 551 4,365
560 CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 387. Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by category of obligation, performers, and fields of science: Fiscal 

years 2001 through 2009

[In millions of current dollars]

Category of obligation, 

performers, and fields of science

Actual Estimated

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Percent change,

2008 to 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Total obligations for 

research, development, 

and R&D plant................ $84,003.0 $90,157.7 $97,927.9 $105,370.7 $112,994.6 $112,270.6 $115,922.5 $116,476.3 $116,568.8 0.1

Research and development 

obligations ................................ 79,933.2 85,853.0 93,661.3 101,376.5 109,223.5 110,145.8 113,754.1 114,624.9 114,453.9 -0.1

Performers

Federal intramural1 .................... 20,219.8 21,044.8 22,861.6 22,423.2 24,125.4 25,563.2 25,535.1 26,827.7 26,142.5 -2.6

Industrial firms........................... 27,006.2 29,538.2 33,852.7 39,214.6 44,112.5 44,152.9 47,258.7 46,046.2 46,328.6 0.6

FFRDCs2

 administered by 

industrial firms..................... 1,186.6 1,351.1 1,507.6 1,543.1 1,612.1 1,421.9 2,642.2 3,874.9 3,892.6 0.5

Universities and colleges .......... 19,587.9 21,290.1 22,693.5 24,169.7 24,841.5 24,336.3 25,252.2 25,709.2 25,723.8 0.1

FFRDCs2 administered by 

universities and colleges..... 4,617.7 4,641.2 4,754.2 5,400.9 5,686.1 5,439.1 4,042.3 3,278.7 3,502.8 6.8

Other nonprofit institutions ........ 5,138.8 5,739.1 5,706.7 5,623.7 5,910.0 6,000.1 5,966.0 5,918.7 5,821.8 -1.6

FFRDCs2

 administered by 

nonprofit institutions ............ 1,269.1 1,404.8 1,352.8 1,443.2 1,649.2 1,816.0 2,028.4 2,017.1 2,107.5 4.5

State and local governments..... 450.6 452.2 400.0 880.1 660.8 619.6 355.3 340.2 331.8 -2.5

Foreign ...................................... 456.5 391.6 532.4 677.9 625.8 796.7 673.8 612.3 602.5 -1.6

Research obligations.................. 44,713.7 48,006.7 51,071.8 53,357.8 53,738.2 53,535.7 54,093.6 55,096.9 54,801.0 -0.5

Performers

Federal intramural1 ................ 11,130.9 11,857.4 12,419.6 12,085.2 12,349.9 12,261.6 11,816.4 12,162.3 11,948.4 -1.8

Industrial firms....................... 5,262.3 5,786.8 6,042.4 6,782.7 6,456.4 6,436.3 6,074.2 6,448.8 6,024.2 -6.6

FFRDCs2 administered by 

industrial firms ................... 822.3 937.3 1,103.5 1,131.6 1,082.0 947.9 1,863.0 2,459.0 2,371.1 -3.6

Universities and colleges....... 18,657.1 20,285.4 21,676.5 22,699.1 23,156.0 22,809.4 23,966.9 24,446.4 24,640.5 0.8

FFRDCs2 administered by 

universities and colleges ... 3,096.3 3,219.4 3,272.6 3,687.3 3,743.4 3,783.0 2,942.4 2,243.9 2,429.7 8.3

Other nonprofit institutions .... 4,577.9 4,723.0 5,196.3 5,216.4 5,295.8 5,448.9 5,416.7 5,368.7 5,366.9 #

FFRDCs2 administered by 

nonprofit institutions........... 739.4 749.6 779.0 795.5 907.8 1,028.6 1,283.0 1,232.8 1,305.7 5.9

State and local governments. 308.7 275.5 305.8 532.9 376.8 417.9 297.6 302.5 284.5 -5.9

Foreign .................................. 118.9 172.3 276.1 427.0 370.2 402.1 433.3 432.6 430.1 -0.6

Fields of science

Life sciences.......................... 23,057.3 25,476.8 27,772.2 27,728.5 28,127.8 27,927.7 29,463.6 29,674.7 29,298.9 -1.3

Psychology............................ 741.9 905.9 1,104.4 1,854.9 1,891.8 1,747.3 1,837.9 1,860.7 1,852.5 -0.4

Physical sciences .................. 4,600.8 4,983.2 5,021.6 5,211.1 5,493.7 5,351.1 5,136.1 5,249.3 5,593.2 6.6

Environmental sciences ........ 3,251.7 3,418.3 3,740.9 3,741.6 3,502.6 3,430.6 3,170.5 3,315.1 3,352.3 1.1

Mathematics and computer 

sciences............................. 2,610.6 2,630.7 1,104.4 2,949.4 2,983.4 2,814.9 2,945.7 3,285.3 3,333.1 1.5

Engineering ........................... 8,197.0 8,274.9 8,405.1 8,866.4 8,552.9 8,678.7 8,989.7 9,353.4 8,906.7 -4.8

Social sciences...................... 1,008.6 1,038.5 1,025.8 1,089.6 1,097.1 1,123.9 1,147.1 1,071.1 1,123.2 4.9

Other sciences ...................... 1,245.8 1,278.4 1,329.3 1,916.3 2,088.9 2,461.3 1,403.1 1,287.3 1,341.1 4.2

Basic research obligations ........ 21,958.1 23,668.3 24,751.4 26,120.7 27,140.3 26,584.6 26,865.8 27,558.6 28,536.1 3.5

Performers

Federal intramural1 ............ 4,193.8 4,460.0 4,662.1 4,671.6 4,772.7 4,763.9 4,572.2 4,681.8 4,699.8 0.4

Industrial firms................... 917.1 1,231.9 1,279.6 1,969.4 2,051.0 1,858.9 1,736.2 1,898.5 2,009.4 5.8

FFRDCs2 administered by 

industrial firms ............... 175.1 239.6 312.8 292.2 270.1 220.4 341.3 349.4 353.3 1.1

Universities and colleges... 11,792.2 12,668.2 13,151.8 13,398.5 13,989.9 13,657.6 14,220.3 14,487.4 15,033.4 3.8

FFRDCs2 administered by 

universities and colleges 1,762.1 1,805.2 1,827.8 2,005.8 2,021.2 2,096.8 1,982.8 2,010.0 2,181.3 8.5

Other nonprofit institutions. 2,441.7 2,531.7 2,703.9 2,746.1 2,914.2 2,867.4 2,793.8 2,853.3 2,919.1 2.3

FFRDCs2

 administered by 

nonprofit institutions....... 540.5 563.4 582.1 606.8 670.7 755.8 889.5 943.6 1,001.0 6.1

State and local 

governments .................. 71.5 71.5 85.4 197.9 235.9 152.7 101.3 103.2 106.0 2.7

Foreign .............................. 64.0 96.8 146.1 232.3 214.6 211.2 228.4 231.5 232.8 0.6

Fields of science

Life sciences...................... 12,835.5 14,024.1 14,765.3 14,490.0 15,247.6 14,934.4 15,643.5 15,978.5 15,951.3 -0.2

Psychology ........................ 292.9 464.6 543.8 979.2 1,040.1 944.9 978.8 995.8 996.2 #

Physical sciences .............. 3,327.1 3,405.9 3,454.0 3,662.6 3,738.7 3,515.5 3,544.5 3,603.7 4,007.0 11.2

Environmental sciences..... 1,663.0 1,833.3 1,899.5 2,022.9 1,966.1 1,849.5 1,727.8 1,764.5 1,929.8 9.4

Mathematics and computer 

sciences......................... 957.8 998.7 1,120.2 1,239.1 1,228.4 1,208.2 1,293.5 1,389.5 1,569.1 12.9

Engineering ....................... 1,911.5 1,864.9 1,913.1 2,271.7 2,300.5 2,364.6 2,629.9 2,755.1 2,937.5 6.6

Social sciences.................. 278.4 361.7 352.8 419.3 391.4 381.0 361.3 357.5 390.6 9.3

Other sciences................... 691.7 715.2 702.7 1,035.9 1,227.5 1,386.5 686.4 713.9 754.6 5.7

Applied research obligations..... 22,755.6 24,338.4 26,320.4 27,237.1 26,597.9 26,951.1 27,227.8 27,538.3 26,264.9 -4.6

Performers

Federal intramural1 ............ 6,937.2 7,397.4 7,757.5 7,413.6 7,577.2 7,498.0 7,244.2 7,480.5 7,248.6 -3.1

Industrial firms................... 4,345.2 4,554.9 4,762.8 4,813.3 4,405.4 4,577.4 4,338.0 4,550.4 4,014.8 -11.8

FFRDCs2

 administered by 

industrial firms ............... 647.2 697.7 790.7 839.3 811.9 727.5 1,521.6 2,109.6 2,017.8 -4.3

Universities and colleges... 6,864.9 7,617.2 8,524.7 9,300.6 9,166.1 9,151.8 9,746.6 9,959.0 9,607.0 -3.5

FFRDCs2

 administered by 

universities and colleges 1,334.2 1,414.1 1,444.8 1,681.6 1,722.2 1,686.2 959.6 233.9 248.4 6.2

Other nonprofit institutions. 2,136.2 2,191.3 2,492.5 2,470.3 2,381.6 2,581.5 2,622.9 2,515.4 2,447.8 -2.7

FFRDCs2

 administered by 

nonprofit institutions....... 198.9 186.2 197.0 188.7 237.1 272.8 393.5 289.2 304.7 5.4

State and local 

governments .................. 237.1 204.0 220.4 335.0 140.9 265.1 196.3 199.3 178.5 -10.4

Foreign .............................. 54.9 75.6 130.0 194.7 155.6 190.9 205.0 201.1 197.3 -1.9

See notes at end of table.
CHAPTER 4: Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 561

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero.

1Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs

by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance.

2Federally funded research and development centers.

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not

sum to totals because of rounding. Totals do not include the U.S. Department of Homeland

Security.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development,

2001 through 2009. (This table was prepared October 2010.)

Fields of science

Life sciences.......................... 10,221.8 11,452.7 13,007.0 13,238.5 12,880.2 12,993.3 13,820.1 13,696.2 13,347.6 -2.5

Psychology............................ 449.0 441.3 560.6 875.6 851.6 802.4 859.1 865.0 856.3 -1.0

Physical sciences .................. 1,273.6 1,577.4 1,567.6 1,548.6 1,755.0 1,835.6 1,591.6 1,645.6 1,586.2 -3.6

Environmental sciences ........ 1,588.6 1,585.0 1,841.4 1,718.7 1,536.5 1,581.1 1,442.7 1,550.5 1,422.5 -8.3

Mathematics and computer 

sciences............................. 1,652.8 1,632.0 1,552.2 1,710.3 1,754.9 1,606.7 1,652.1 1,895.8 1,764.0 -7.0

Engineering ........................... 6,285.5 6,410.0 6,492.0 6,594.7 6,252.5 6,314.2 6,359.8 6,598.3 5,969.3 -9.5

Social sciences...................... 730.2 676.9 673.0 670.3 705.8 742.9 785.9 713.6 732.5 2.7

Other sciences ...................... 554.1 563.3 626.6 880.5 861.4 1,074.9 716.7 573.4 586.5 2.3

Development obligations ........... 35,219.5 37,846.3 42,589.5 48,018.7 55,485.3 56,610.2 59,660.5 59,528.0 59,652.9 0.2

Performers

Federal intramural1 ................ 9,088.9 9,187.4 10,442.0 10,338.0 11,775.5 13,301.6 13,718.8 14,665.4 14,194.1 -3.2

Industrial firms....................... 21,744.0 23,751.4 27,810.3 32,431.8 37,656.1 37,716.6 41,184.5 39,597.3 40,304.4 1.8

FFRDCs2

 administered by 

industrial firms ................... 364.3 413.7 404.1 411.6 530.1 474.0 779.3 1,415.9 1,521.6 7.5

Universities and colleges....... 930.8 1,004.7 1,017.0 1,470.6 1,685.6 1,526.9 1,285.3 1,262.8 1,083.3 -14.2

FFRDCs2 administered by 

universities and colleges ... 1,521.4 1,421.8 1,481.6 1,713.5 1,942.8 1,656.1 1,099.9 1,034.8 1,073.1 3.7

Other nonprofit institutions .... 560.8 1,016.1 510.3 407.4 614.1 551.2 549.3 550.0 454.9 -17.3

FFRDCs2 administered by 

nonprofit institutions........... 529.7 655.2 573.7 647.7 741.5 787.4 745.4 784.3 801.9 2.2

State and local governments. 141.9 176.7 94.1 347.2 284.1 201.7 57.7 37.7 47.3 25.5

Foreign .................................. 337.6 219.2 256.3 250.9 255.6 394.6 240.4 179.8 172.4 -4.1

R&D plant obligations .................... 4,069.8 4,304.7 4,266.5 3,994.2 3,771.1 2,124.8 2,168.4 1,851.4 2,114.9 14.2

Performers

Federal intramural1 .................... 520.4 414.8 609.7 961.3 859.3 662.8 593.4 484.3 428.9 -11.4

Industrial firms........................... 2,179.8 2,524.9 1,817.0 1,442.0 1,381.4 265.8 401.4 312.0 295.3 -5.4

FFRDCs2 administered by 

industrial firms..................... 41.8 109.1 145.7 188.3 125.7 82.7 27.6 66.0 66.9 1.5

Universities and colleges .......... 284.7 241.1 686.9 354.3 423.0 262.5 265.6 304.1 300.8 -1.1

FFRDCs2 administered by 

universities and colleges..... 615.9 583.3 578.4 603.9 558.3 519.3 498.4 357.9 432.8 20.9

Other nonprofit institutions ........ 27.9 29.1 70.7 164.5 134.6 127.3 79.7 95.3 91.8 -3.7

FFRDCs2 administered by 

nonprofit institutions ............ 357.5 388.8 333.9 252.4 218.0 201.6 296.2 225.2 492.4 118.6

State and local governments..... 1.4 2.0 0.8 15.8 55.2 2.6 # # # #

Foreign ...................................... 40.4 11.7 23.4 11.7 15.6 0.3 6.1 6.6 6.0 -9.0

Table 387. Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by category of obligation, performers, and fields of science: Fiscal 

years 2001 through 2009—Continued

[In millions of current dollars]

Category of obligation, 

performers, and fields of science

Actual Estimated

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Percent change,

2008 to 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 563

CHAPTER 5

Outcomes of Education

This chapter contains tables comparing educational

attainment and workforce characteristics. The data show

labor force participation and income levels of high school

dropouts and high school and college graduates. Population

characteristics are provided for many of the measures to

allow for comparisons among various demographic groups.

Tables 388 through 390 contain data from the U.S. Bureau

of Labor Statistics on labor force participation, employment, unemployment, and type of occupation by highest

level of educational attainment, sex, age, and race/ethnicity.

Tables 391 and 392 provide comparisons of earnings by

education level and sex from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Table 393 provides literacy scores for adults by education

level, employment status, and demographic characteristics.

The percentages of high school seniors with various characteristics who work different numbers of hours per week are

shown in table 394.

Tables 395 and 396, compiled from U.S. Census Bureau

data on high school completers and dropouts, show the labor

force participation and college enrollment of high school

students within the year after they leave school. The tabulations also provide comparative labor force participation and

unemployment rates for high school completers and dropouts. Additional information on college enrollment rates by

race/ethnicity and sex has been included to help form a more

complete picture of high school outcomes. Table 397 provides data on college enrollment and employment among

special education students who have left secondary school.

Tables 398 and 399 provide data on the employment outcomes and salaries of college graduates 1 year after graduation. Tables 400 and 401 provide data on drug use of young

adults from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Table 402 provides information on

life values of high school seniors and young adults.

Statistics related to outcomes of education appear in other

sections of the Digest. For example, statistics on educational

attainment of the entire population are in chapter 1. More

detailed data on the numbers of high school and college graduates can be found in chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 3 contains

trend data on the percentage of high school completers going

to college. Additional data on earnings by educational attainment may be obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current

Population Reports, Series P-60. The U.S. Bureau of Labor

Statistics has a series of publications dealing with the educational characteristics of the labor force. Further information

on survey methodologies is in Appendix A: Guide to Sources

and in the publications cited in the table source notes.

Labor Force

Adults with higher levels of education generally had

higher labor force participation rates than adults with less

education (table 388 and figure 21). (People participating in

the labor force are those employed or actively seeking

employment.) Among people 25 to 64 years old, 86 percent

of those with a bachelor’s or higher degree participated in the

labor force in 2009, compared with 76 percent of those who

had completed only high school. In comparison, 63 percent

of those ages 25 to 64 who had not completed high school

were in the labor force. The 2009 labor force participation

rates for those ages 25 to 64 who had completed only high

school were higher for Hispanics (78 percent) and Whites (76

percent) than for Asians (74 percent) and Blacks (72 percent)

(table 388). Among people ages 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s or

higher degree, the labor force participation rates for Blacks

(87 percent), Whites (86 percent), and Hispanics (86 percent)

were higher than the rate for Asians (83 percent). 

Unemployment rates were generally higher for people

with lower levels of educational attainment than for those

with higher levels of educational attainment (table 389 and

figure 22). (The unemployment rate is the percentage of

people in the labor force who are not employed and who

have made specific efforts to find employment sometime

during the prior 4 weeks.) The 2009 unemployment rate for

adults (25 years old and over) who had not completed high

school was 15 percent, compared with 10 percent for those

who had completed high school and 5 percent for those with

a bachelor’s or higher degree. Younger people tended to

have higher unemployment rates than did people 25 years

old and over (table 389).

The relative difficulties that dropouts encounter in entering

the job market are highlighted by comparing their labor force

participation rates to those of other youth. Of the 2008–09

high school completers who were not in college in October

2009, 70 percent were in the civilian labor force (employed or

looking for work), and 35 percent of those in the labor force

were looking for work (table 395). In comparison, 2008–09

high school dropouts participated in the labor force at a lower

rate (48 percent) in October 2009, and 55 percent of those in

the labor force were looking for work (table 396). 
564 CHAPTER 5: Outcomes of Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Earnings

For both males and females, full-time year-round workers

25 years old and over who had higher levels of educational

attainment generally had higher median annual earnings than

did those with lower levels of educational attainment (table

E, table 391, and figure 24). In 2009, for example, male bachelor’s degree holders working full-time year-round earned 58

percent more than male high school completers, and female

bachelor’s degree holders working full-time year-round

earned 61 percent more than female high school completers. 

Among full-time year-round workers 25 years old and

over, the earnings of females remained lower than the earnings of males overall, as well as by education level. For example, median 2009 earnings for full-time year-round workers

with a bachelor’s degree were 33 percent higher for males

than for females. Among those whose highest level of educational attainment was high school completion, median 2009

earnings were 35 percent higher for males than for females.

For full-time year-round workers 25 years old and over,

changes in median annual earnings in constant 2009 dollars

from 1995 to 2009 varied according to highest level of educational attainment and sex. Among workers with the same level

of educational attainment, net percentage changes in earnings

tended to be more positive for females than for males. For

both male and female full-time year-round workers, net percentage changes in earnings were generally more positive for

those with higher levels of educational attainment than for

those with lower levels of attainment. The median annual

earnings in constant 2009 dollars of male workers with a

bachelor’s degree were not significantly different in 1995

($63,720) than in 2009 ($62,440), the median earnings of

male workers who had completed high school decreased 5

percent from 1995 ($41,540) to 2009 ($39,480), and the

median earnings of male workers who had not completed high

school decreased 10 percent from 1995 ($31,230) to 2009

($28,020). Among female full-time year-round workers, the

median annual earnings of those with a bachelor’s degree

increased 4 percent from 1995 ($45,120) to 2009 ($46,830),

the median earnings of those who had completed high school

were not significantly different in 1995 ($28,810) than in

2009 ($29,150), and the median earnings of those who had not

completed high school decreased 5 percent from 1995

($22,280) to 2009 ($21,230). 

Figure 21. Labor force participation rate of persons 20 to 64 years old, by age group and highest level of educational 

attainment: 2009

Age

Labor force participation rate3

25 to 64

20 to 241

706050403020100 80 90 100

65

76

68

82

82

63

76

79

83

86

Some college, no degree

High school completion2

Less than high school completion

Bachelor’s or higher degree

Associate’s degree

1Excludes persons enrolled in school.

2Includes equivalency credentials, such as the General Educational Development (GED) credential.

3Percentage of the civilian population who are employed or seeking employment.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, unpublished 2009 annual average data from the Current Population Survey (CPS).

Table E. Median annual earnings of full-time year-round workers 25 

years old and over, by selected levels of educational 

attainment and sex: Selected years, 1995 through 2009

[In constant 2009 dollars]

Sex and year

Some high

school, no

completion

High school

completion

Bachelor’s

degree

Males

1995..................................................... $31,230 $41,540 $63,720

2000..................................................... 31,260 42,740 70,180

2005..................................................... 29,870 39,880 65,930

2009..................................................... 28,020 39,480 62,440

Females

1995..................................................... 22,280 28,810 45,120

2000..................................................... 22,320 31,110 50,350

2005..................................................... 22,110 28,880 46,330

2009..................................................... 21,230 29,150 46,830

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, Money Income in the United States, 1995 and

2000; and Detailed Income Tabulations from the CPS, 2005 and 2009.
CHAPTER 5: Outcomes of Education 565

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 22. Unemployment rates of persons 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment: 2009

Less than high

school completion

High school

completion2

Some college,

no degree

Associate’s

degree

Bachelor’s or 

higher degree

All education levels 7.9

0

5

10

15 14.6

9.7

8.6

6.8

4.6

Percent unemployed1

Highest level of educational attainment

1The unemployment rate is the percentage of individuals in the civilian labor force who are not working and who made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. 2Includes equivalency credentials, such as the General Educational Development (GED) credential.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, unpublished 2009 annual average data from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS).

Figure 23. Labor force status of 2008–09 high school dropouts and completers not enrolled in college: October 2009

Dropouts

High school completion status

High school completers,

not enrolled in college

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percent

51.5

26.7

21.8

30.0

45.5

Not in labor force

Unemployed

(looking for work)

Employed

24.5

NOTE: Dropouts are persons who have not completed high school and are not enrolled in school. High school completers include recipients of equivalency credentials as well as

diploma recipients. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October 2009.
566 CHAPTER 5: Outcomes of Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 24. Median annual earnings of full-time year-round workers 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment 

and sex: 2009

Earnings

All levels of 

education

Some high school, 

no completion

High school 

completion1

Highest level of educational attainment

Associate’s 

degree

Bachelor’s 

degree

Master’s 

degree

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

$80,000

49,990

37,260

28,020

21,230

39,480

29,150

50,300

37,270

62,440

46,830

79,340

61,070

Males Females

1Includes equivalency credentials, such as the General Educational Development (GED) credential.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Detailed Income Tabulations from the CPS, 2009.

Figure 25. Average salaries of bachelor’s degree recipients 1 year after graduation, by field: 1981, 1991, and 2001

(in constant 2009 dollars)

1979–80 graduates 1989–90 graduates 1999–2000 graduates

All fields Engineering Business and

management

Health

professions

Field

Education Biological

sciences

Mathematics 

and other 

sciences

Social

sciences

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

$70,000

Average salary

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, “Recent College Graduates” surveys, 1981 and 1991; and 2000/01 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:2000/01).
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

o Educational Characteristics of the Workf

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Percentage of the civilian population who are employed or seeking employment.2Number of persons employed as a percentage of the civilian population.3Excludes persons enrolled in school.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals incluStandard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Emlished 2009 annual average data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). 

Table 388. Labor force participation rates and employment to population ratios of persons 16 to 64 years old, by educational attainment, age, sex, and race/ethnAge, sex, and race/ethnicity

Labor force participation rate1 Employment to populatio

Total

Less than

high school

completion

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)

College

Total

Less than

high school

completion

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)

Some college,

no degree

Associate’s

degree

Bachelor’s or

higher degree

Som

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 to 19 years old3 ......................... 37.5 (0.37) 28.2 (0.43) 57.1 (0.89) 53.3 (0.98) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 28.4 (0.35) 20.4 (0.38) 42.1 (0.89) 45.4 

Male ............................................. 37.3 (0.52) 28.3 (0.59) 59.9 (1.23) 50.9 (1.47) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 26.9 (0.48) 19.7 (0.52) 42.0 (1.24) 42.0 Female......................................... 37.7 (0.53) 28.0 (0.61) 54.0 (1.28) 55.2 (1.31) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 29.9 (0.50) 21.2 (0.56) 42.3 (1.27) 48.1 

White............................................ 42.5 (0.49) 33.4 (0.59) 61.0 (1.13) 56.1 (1.20) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 33.9 (0.47) 25.9 (0.54) 47.1 (1.16) 49.1 

Black ............................................ 26.9 (0.86) 18.3 (0.90) 47.3 (2.27) 45.9 (2.86) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 16.4 (0.72) 9.7 (0.69) 29.1 (2.07) 35.4 Hispanic ....................................... 34.0 (0.79) 24.1 (0.86) 56.3 (1.90) 54.7 (2.39) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 23.7 (0.71) 15.5 (0.73) 39.9 (1.88) 44.8 

Asian............................................ 20.5 (1.66) 12.3 (1.72) 35.7 (5.43) 31.4 (3.86) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 15.2 (1.47) 8.1 (1.43) 26.9 (5.02) 25.6 

20 to 24 years old3 ......................... 72.9 (0.36) 64.8 (1.16) 75.7 (0.64) 68.1 (0.61) 81.6 (1.17) 82.1 (0.82) 62.2 (0.39) 46.8 (1.21) 61.2 (0.72) 60.4 

Male ............................................. 76.2 (0.48) 76.4 (1.34) 81.7 (0.76) 67.9 (0.86) 83.6 (1.67) 82.6 (1.24) 63.3 (0.54) 55.0 (1.57) 65.2 (0.93) 58.9 Female......................................... 69.6 (0.50) 49.4 (1.76) 68.2 (0.99) 68.3 (0.81) 80.1 (1.52) 81.8 (1.03) 61.1 (0.53) 35.9 (1.68) 56.2 (1.05) 61.8 White............................................ 75.7 (0.44) 64.3 (1.88) 78.6 (0.80) 69.9 (0.74) 84.8 (1.30) 84.7 (0.89) 66.4 (0.49) 45.2 (1.95) 65.2 (0.93) 63.2 Black ............................................ 65.8 (1.09) 56.3 (3.02) 67.4 (1.81) 64.8 (1.81) 72.7 (4.74) 75.9 (3.44) 49.5 (1.15) 32.6 (2.86) 47.9 (1.93) 52.8 Hispanic ....................................... 73.1 (0.88) 70.8 (1.82) 75.1 (1.45) 70.6 (1.66) 77.2 (3.48) 79.2 (3.36) 61.2 (0.96) 55.8 (1.99) 62.2 (1.62) 61.9 Asian............................................ 56.2 (1.79) ‡ (†) 68.4 (4.48) 45.0 (2.65) ‡ (†) 66.9 (3.28) 49.7 (1.80) ‡ (†) 59.1 (4.73) 40.6 

25 to 64 years old........................... 78.8 (0.12) 63.3 (0.42) 75.8 (0.23) 78.5 (0.28) 83.4 (0.34) 85.9 (0.18) 72.5 (0.13) 53.7 (0.43) 68.3 (0.25) 71.7 

Male ............................................. 85.6 (0.14) 75.8 (0.50) 83.3 (0.27) 84.9 (0.35) 88.3 (0.44) 91.4 (0.20) 78.0 (0.17) 64.2 (0.56) 74.0 (0.32) 77.0 Female......................................... 72.2 (0.17) 49.0 (0.60) 67.8 (0.34) 72.6 (0.41) 79.6 (0.47) 80.7 (0.27) 67.2 (0.18) 41.8 (0.59) 62.3 (0.35) 66.8 

White............................................ 79.9 (0.14) 58.0 (0.72) 76.2 (0.28) 78.4 (0.34) 83.9 (0.39) 86.1 (0.20) 74.5 (0.15) 49.2 (0.72) 69.5 (0.30) 72.3 Black ............................................ 74.7 (0.39) 51.2 (1.27) 72.3 (0.67) 77.6 (0.81) 81.2 (1.11) 86.5 (0.67) 65.4 (0.43) 39.6 (1.25) 61.9 (0.73) 68.2 Hispanic ....................................... 77.7 (0.32) 71.4 (0.59) 78.2 (0.58) 81.6 (0.81) 84.7 (1.08) 85.5 (0.73) 69.5 (0.36) 61.5 (0.64) 69.9 (0.65) 73.7 Asian............................................ 78.8 (0.48) 62.8 (1.87) 73.7 (1.22) 77.0 (1.55) 80.9 (1.75) 83.1 (0.59) 73.7 (0.52) 57.7 (1.92) 68.3 (1.29) 70.1 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Excludes persons enrolled in school.NOTE: The unemployment rate is the percentage of individuals in the civilian labor force who are not working and who made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. The labor force includes both employed and unemployed persons. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals include rac

errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Emplo2007, 2008, and 2009 annual average data from the Current Population Survey (C

Table 389. Unemployment rate of persons 16 years old and over, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment: 2007, 2008, and 2009Sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment

Unemployment rate, 2007 Unemployment rate, 2008 

16- to 24-year-olds1 25 years

old and over

16- to 24-year-olds1 25 years

old and over

16- to 

Total 16 to 19 20 to 24 Total 16 to 19 20 to 24 Total 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All persons, all education levels....................... 10.5 (0.16) 15.7 (0.30) 8.2 (0.17) 3.6 (0.04) 12.8 (0.17) 18.7 (0.32) 10.2 (0.19) 4.6 (0.04) 17.6 (0.20) 24

Less than high school completion.................... 17.3 (0.39) 18.3 (0.43) 15.3 (0.67) 7.1 (0.18) 21.9 (0.45) 22.2 (0.48) 21.1 (0.81) 9.0 (0.20) 27.6 (0.51) 27

High school completion (includes equivalency) 11.6 (0.30) 15.5 (0.57) 10.1 (0.34) 4.4 (0.08) 14.5 (0.33) 18.6 (0.61) 12.9 (0.38) 5.7 (0.09) 21.1 (0.40) 26Some college, no degree.................................. 6.5 (0.24) 8.4 (0.54) 6.1 (0.25) 3.8 (0.10) 8.1 (0.26) 10.2 (0.57) 7.5 (0.28) 5.1 (0.11) 12.1 (0.31) 14Associate’s degree ........................................... 4.5 (0.46) ‡ (†) 4.4 (0.47) 3.0 (0.12) 6.3 (0.55) ‡ (†) 6.0 (0.54) 3.7 (0.13) 9.3 (0.64) 

Bachelor’s or higher degree ............................. 5.5 (0.37) ‡ (†) 5.4 (0.37) 2.0 (0.05) 5.8 (0.37) ‡ (†) 5.8 (0.38) 2.6 (0.06) 8.8 (0.45) 

Male, all education levels .................................. 11.6 (0.22) 17.6 (0.44) 8.9 (0.24) 3.6 (0.05) 14.4 (0.25) 21.2 (0.48) 11.4 (0.27) 4.8 (0.06) 20.1 (0.29) 27

Less than high school completion.................... 17.7 (0.52) 19.9 (0.61) 13.8 (0.77) 6.6 (0.21) 22.7 (0.59) 24.3 (0.69) 19.9 (0.94) 8.8 (0.24) 29.5 (0.67) 30

High school completion (includes equivalency) 12.2 (0.40) 17.6 (0.83) 10.3 (0.43) 4.4 (0.11) 15.5 (0.44) 21.2 (0.87) 13.5 (0.48) 5.9 (0.12) 22.7 (0.52) 30Some college, no degree.................................. 7.3 (0.35) 9.5 (0.88) 6.9 (0.38) 3.6 (0.13) 9.3 (0.39) 12.1 (0.93) 8.7 (0.42) 5.0 (0.15) 14.0 (0.47) 17Associate’s degree ........................................... 4.9 (0.70) ‡ (†) 4.8 (0.70) 3.0 (0.17) 6.2 (0.78) ‡ (†) 5.9 (0.78) 3.8 (0.18) 10.8 (1.01) 

Bachelor’s or higher degree ............................. 6.4 (0.60) ‡ (†) 6.4 (0.61) 1.9 (0.07) 6.6 (0.60) ‡ (†) 6.7 (0.61) 2.5 (0.08) 10.1 (0.72) 

Female, all education levels.............................. 9.4 (0.21) 13.8 (0.40) 7.3 (0.23) 3.6 (0.06) 11.2 (0.23) 16.2 (0.43) 8.8 (0.25) 4.4 (0.06) 14.9 (0.26) 20

Less than high school completion.................... 16.9 (0.56) 16.5 (0.60) 18.5 (1.21) 8.2 (0.30) 20.7 (0.63) 20.0 (0.66) 23.6 (1.41) 9.4 (0.32) 25.1 (0.71) 24

High school completion (includes equivalency) 10.9 (0.43) 13.2 (0.78) 9.8 (0.50) 4.3 (0.11) 13.0 (0.47) 15.4 (0.84) 11.9 (0.55) 5.3 (0.13) 18.8 (0.56) 2Some college, no degree.................................. 5.9 (0.29) 7.6 (0.67) 5.4 (0.32) 4.1 (0.14) 6.9 (0.31) 8.7 (0.70) 6.4 (0.34) 5.1 (0.15) 10.3 (0.37) 12

Associate’s degree ........................................... 4.0 (0.57) ‡ (†) 4.0 (0.58) 3.1 (0.15) 6.4 (0.71) ‡ (†) 6.1 (0.71) 3.7 (0.16) 8.1 (0.76) 

Bachelor’s or higher degree ............................. 4.8 (0.43) ‡ (†) 4.6 (0.42) 2.1 (0.07) 5.2 (0.44) ‡ (†) 5.2 (0.44) 2.7 (0.08) 7.9 (0.53) 

White, all education levels................................. 8.9 (0.18) 13.1 (0.33) 6.9 (0.20) 3.0 (0.04) 10.8 (0.20) 15.6 (0.37) 8.5 (0.22) 3.8 (0.05) 14.7 (0.23) 20

Less than high school completion.................... 15.7 (0.49) 15.4 (0.48) 17.0 (1.16) 7.3 (0.30) 19.0 (0.56) 18.1 (0.54) 22.7 (1.38) 8.3 (0.33) 23.8 (0.63) 22

High school completion (includes equivalency) 9.8 (0.36) 12.5 (0.64) 8.6 (0.41) 3.8 (0.09) 12.9 (0.41) 16.7 (0.73) 11.3 (0.46) 4.9 (0.10) 18.8 (0.48) 22Some college, no degree.................................. 5.8 (0.27) 7.4 (0.60) 5.4 (0.29) 3.3 (0.11) 6.9 (0.29) 8.1 (0.61) 6.6 (0.31) 4.4 (0.12) 10.3 (0.35) 12

Associate’s degree ........................................... 3.7 (0.50) ‡ (†) 3.7 (0.50) 2.6 (0.13) 4.5 (0.55) ‡ (†) 4.1 (0.54) 3.3 (0.14) 7.3 (0.68) 

Bachelor’s or higher degree ............................. 5.0 (0.40) ‡ (†) 5.0 (0.41) 1.9 (0.06) 5.7 (0.42) ‡ (†) 5.7 (0.42) 2.3 (0.06) 7.4 (0.47) 

Black, all education levels................................. 19.4 (0.63) 29.7 (1.20) 15.3 (0.67) 6.2 (0.17) 21.7 (0.66) 31.2 (1.23) 17.9 (0.72) 7.9 (0.18) 28.7 (0.73) 39

Less than high school completion.................... 32.2 (1.54) 32.9 (1.70) 31.4 (2.59) 12.4 (0.73) 36.0 (1.61) 37.0 (1.80) 34.5 (2.63) 14.9 (0.79) 44.9 (1.73) 46High school completion (includes equivalency) 20.8 (1.05) 29.3 (2.09) 18.1 (1.15) 7.4 (0.30) 21.9 (1.09) 26.8 (2.06) 20.3 (1.22) 9.3 (0.34) 31.2 (1.26) 38Some college, no degree.................................. 10.8 (0.92) 17.3 (2.73) 10.0 (0.95) 5.9 (0.35) 14.1 (1.02) 21.8 (2.75) 12.7 (1.06) 8.1 (0.40) 19.3 (1.13) 22

Associate’s degree ........................................... 8.0 (2.22) ‡ (†) 7.6 (2.19) 4.9 (0.47) 16.8 (2.88) ‡ (†) 16.1 (2.88) 6.1 (0.51) 18.8 (3.18) 

Bachelor’s or higher degree ............................. 8.8 (1.77) ‡ (†) 8.1 (1.71) 2.9 (0.24) 8.0 (1.67) ‡ (†) 8.2 (1.70) 3.9 (0.27) 15.0 (2.18) 

Hispanic, all education levels ........................... 10.7 (0.41) 18.1 (0.84) 7.8 (0.42) 4.6 (0.13) 14.7 (0.47) 22.4 (0.90) 11.5 (0.51) 6.1 (0.15) 20.2 (0.54) 30

Less than high school completion.................... 14.5 (0.77) 21.1 (1.21) 9.5 (0.84) 6.0 (0.25) 21.0 (0.93) 27.5 (1.33) 15.4 (1.12) 8.2 (0.29) 27.8 (1.08) 35

High school completion (includes equivalency) 10.2 (0.69) 17.3 (1.57) 8.0 (0.71) 4.4 (0.23) 14.1 (0.78) 19.4 (1.58) 12.2 (0.85) 6.2 (0.26) 20.3 (0.92) 29Some college, no degree.................................. 6.9 (0.72) 8.8 (1.55) 6.5 (0.79) 4.4 (0.34) 9.2 (0.80) 12.3 (1.71) 8.4 (0.87) 5.4 (0.36) 13.6 (0.90) 18

Associate’s degree ........................................... 5.7 (1.52) ‡ (†) 5.7 (1.54) 3.5 (0.43) 8.9 (1.85) ‡ (†) 8.6 (1.87) 4.1 (0.45) 13.8 (2.18) 

Bachelor’s or higher degree ............................. 6.5 (1.63) ‡ (†) 5.3 (1.50) 2.3 (0.24) 5.8 (1.54) ‡ (†) 5.9 (1.56) 3.4 (0.28) 12.1 (2.08) 

Asian, all education levels................................. 7.0 (0.78) 11.9 (2.08) 5.6 (0.79) 2.8 (0.16) 7.6 (0.82) 14.7 (2.29) 5.5 (0.80) 3.5 (0.18) 14.7 (1.14) 26

Less than high school completion.................... 16.9 (3.12) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 3.0 (0.65) 16.3 (3.03) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 6.3 (0.89) 27.6 (4.04) 

High school completion (includes equivalency) 5.7 (1.66) ‡ (†) 4.1 (1.63) 3.2 (0.41) 11.8 (2.42) ‡ (†) 9.5 (2.58) 4.2 (0.46) 16.5 (2.80) Some college, no degree.................................. 5.6 (1.14) ‡ (†) 5.0 (1.20) 3.6 (0.58) 4.9 (1.08) ‡ (†) 3.6 (1.04) 3.7 (0.61) 11.9 (1.73) 

Associate’s degree ........................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.0 (0.74) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 3.7 (0.69) ‡ (†) Bachelor’s or higher degree ............................. 6.7 (1.54) ‡ (†) 6.1 (1.49) 2.3 (0.20) 4.3 (1.24) ‡ (†) 4.6 (1.30) 2.8 (0.21) ‡ (†) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.!Interpret data with caution. 

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appSOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Emlished 2009 annual average data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). 

Table 390. Occupation of employed persons 25 years old and over, by educational attainment and sex: 2009Occupation and sex

Total employed

(in thousands)

Percentage distribution, by highest level of educational attainment

Total

Less than 1

year of high school

High school C

1–4 years of high

school, no completion

High school

completion

(includes equivalency)

Some college,

no degree Associate’s deg

1 23 4 5 6 7 All persons ....................................................................................... 122,277 (233.7) 100.0 3.2 (0.06) 5.3 (0.07) 28.2 (0.15) 17.2 (0.12) 10.5 (0.

Management, professional, and related......................................... 49,236 (219.5) 100.0 0.4 (0.03) 1.0 (0.05) 11.7 (0.17) 12.4 (0.17) 10.6 (0.

Management, business, and financial operations ...................... 20,682 (156.6) 100.0 0.7 (0.07) 1.7 (0.10) 17.5 (0.31) 15.9 (0.29) 8.7 (0.Professional and related ............................................................ 28,555 (179.5) 100.0 0.2 (0.03) 0.5 (0.05) 7.5 (0.18) 9.8 (0.20) 12.0 (0.

Education, training, and library............................................... 7,900 (100.5) 100.0 0.1 ! (0.05) 0.4 (0.08) 6.7 (0.33) 7.7 (0.35) 5.2 (0.

Preschool and kindergarten teachers................................. 609 (28.5) 100.0 0.5 ! (0.33) 1.1 ! (0.50) 13.1 (1.58) 16.0 (1.72) 10.6 (1.

Elementary and middle school teachers ............................ 2,701 (59.6) 100.0 # (†) 0.2 ! (0.10) 1.9 (0.30) 2.6 (0.35) 2.0 (0.Secondary school teachers ................................................ 1,156 (39.2) 100.0 — (†) — (†) 0.9 ! (0.31) 2.0 (0.47) 1.0 ! (0.

Special education teachers ................................................ 368 (22.2) 100.0 — (†) 0.5 ! (0.44) 2.2 ! (0.88) 4.6 (1.26) 3.5 ! (1.Postsecondary teachers ..................................................... 1,221 (40.3) 100.0 # (†) 0.2 ! (0.13) 1.3 (0.38) 1.3 (0.38) 2.3 (0.

Other education, training, and library workers.................... 1,844 (49.4) 100.0 0.4 ! (0.17) 1.0 (0.26) 19.7 (1.07) 20.8 (1.09) 12.6 (0.

Service occupations....................................................................... 18,964 (150.8) 100.0 7.3 (0.22) 10.4 (0.26) 38.4 (0.41) 19.8 (0.33) 10.2 (0.

Sales and office occupations ......................................................... 28,159 (178.5) 100.0 1.1 (0.07) 3.8 (0.13) 33.6 (0.33) 24.0 (0.29) 11.7 (0.

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance........................ 11,799 (121.5) 100.0 8.3 (0.29) 11.5 (0.34) 43.4 (0.53) 17.1 (0.40) 11.4 (0.Production, transportation, and material moving ........................... 14,118 (132.0) 100.0 7.1 (0.25) 11.2 (0.31) 48.5 (0.49) 16.9 (0.36) 7.6 (0.

Males................................................................................................. 64,831 (158.5) 100.0 3.9 (0.09) 6.2 (0.11) 29.4 (0.20) 16.6 (0.17) 9.0 (0.

Management, professional, and related......................................... 24,103 (151.9) 100.0 0.5 (0.05) 1.3 (0.08) 11.8 (0.24) 12.4 (0.24) 8.1 (0.

Management, business, and financial operations ...................... 11,900 (115.8) 100.0 0.9 (0.10) 2.0 (0.15) 17.3 (0.39) 15.1 (0.37) 7.7 (0.

Professional and related ............................................................ 12,203 (117.1) 100.0 0.2 (0.05) 0.6 (0.08) 6.4 (0.25) 9.8 (0.31) 8.5 (0.

Education, training, and library............................................... 2,028 (50.7) 100.0 # (†) 0.2 ! (0.11) 2.7 (0.41) 4.9 (0.54) 3.0 (0.

Service occupations....................................................................... 8,029 (97.4) 100.0 8.1 (0.35) 9.7 (0.38) 36.1 (0.61) 20.6 (0.51) 9.4 (0.Sales and office occupations ......................................................... 10,372 (109.2) 100.0 1.6 (0.14) 3.9 (0.22) 28.9 (0.51) 22.0 (0.46) 9.8 (0.

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance........................ 11,295 (113.3) 100.0 8.2 (0.29) 11.6 (0.34) 43.8 (0.53) 17.0 (0.40) 11.4 (0.

Production, transportation, and material moving ........................... 11,032 (112.1) 100.0 6.2 (0.26) 11.0 (0.34) 48.8 (0.54) 17.5 (0.41) 7.7 (0.

Females ............................................................................................ 57,445 (161.0) 100.0 2.3 (0.07) 4.3 (0.09) 26.8 (0.20) 17.8 (0.18) 12.2 (0.

Management, professional, and related......................................... 25,133 (148.7) 100.0 0.2 (0.03) 0.8 (0.06) 11.6 (0.22) 12.3 (0.23) 13.0 (0.

Management, business, and financial operations ...................... 8,782 (98.1) 100.0 0.4 (0.07) 1.2 (0.13) 17.7 (0.45) 17.0 (0.44) 10.1 (0.

Professional and related ............................................................ 16,351 (127.6) 100.0 0.2 (0.04) 0.5 (0.06) 8.4 (0.24) 9.8 (0.26) 14.5 (0.

Education, training, and library............................................... 5,873 (81.6) 100.0 0.2 ! (0.06) 0.5 (0.10) 8.1 (0.39) 8.7 (0.40) 5.9 (0.

Service occupations....................................................................... 10,935 (108.0) 100.0 6.7 (0.26) 10.9 (0.33) 40.0 (0.52) 19.3 (0.42) 10.8 (0.Sales and office occupations ......................................................... 17,787 (131.8) 100.0 0.9 (0.08) 3.8 (0.16) 36.3 (0.40) 25.2 (0.36) 12.8 (0.

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance........................ 504 (24.6) 100.0 10.3 (1.49) 9.5 (1.44) 34.7 (2.33) 19.0 (1.92) 10.5 (1.Production, transportation, and material moving ........................... 3,086 (60.1) 100.0 10.3 (0.60) 12.1 (0.65) 47.5 (0.99) 14.9 (0.71) 7.2 (0.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 391. Median annual earnings of year-round, full-time workers 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment and sex: 1990 through 2009Sex and year Total

Elementary/secondary College

Less than 9th grade

Some high school,

no completion1

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)2

Some college,

no degree3 Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s or high

Total Bachelor’s degree5 Master’s d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

Current dollars

Males 1990........................................... $30,730 (—) $17,390 (—) $20,900 (—) $26,650 (—) $31,730 (—) (6) (†) $42,670 (—) $39,240 (—) (6) 

1991........................................... 31,610 (—) 17,620 (—) 21,400 (—) 26,780 (—) 31,660 (—) $33,820 (—) 45,140 (—) 40,910 (—) $49,730 

1992........................................... 32,060 (120) 17,290 (—) 21,270 (—) 27,280 (175) 32,100 (—) 33,430 (—) 45,800 (—) 41,360 (304) 49,970 1993........................................... 32,360 (124) 16,860 (—) 21,750 (—) 27,370 (204) 32,080 (—) 33,690 (—) 47,740 (—) 42,760 (536) 51,870 1994........................................... 33,440 (246) 17,530 (453) 22,050 (319) 28,040 (322) 32,280 (300) 35,790 (430) 49,230 (707) 43,660 (633) 53,500 1995........................................... 34,550 (275) 18,350 (545) 22,190 (342) 29,510 (358) 33,880 (517) 35,200 (535) 50,480 (312) 45,270 (510) 55,220 1996........................................... 35,620 (150) 17,960 (594) 22,720 (414) 30,710 (184) 34,850 (456) 37,130 (435) 51,440 (303) 45,850 (458) 60,510 1997........................................... 36,680 (149) 19,290 (629) 24,730 (466) 31,220 (171) 35,950 (293) 38,020 (774) 53,450 (755) 48,620 (851) 61,690 1998........................................... 37,910 (291) 19,380 (600) 23,960 (547) 31,480 (169) 36,930 (291) 40,270 (539) 56,520 (421) 51,410 (349) 62,240 

1999........................................... 40,330 (144) 20,430 (444) 25,040 (535) 33,180 (388) 39,220 (581) 41,640 (459) 60,200 (439) 52,990 (722) 66,240 

2000........................................... 41,060 (156) 20,790 (376) 25,100 (436) 34,300 (457) 40,340 (312) 41,950 (460) 61,870 (303) 56,330 (573) 68,320 (2001........................................... 41,620 (104) 21,360 (235) 26,210 (251) 34,720 (299) 41,050 (214) 42,780 (561) 62,220 (279) 55,930 (335) 70,900 2002........................................... 41,150 (100) 20,920 (213) 25,900 (207) 33,210 (311) 40,850 (195) 42,860 (673) 61,700 (201) 56,080 (385) 67,280 (

2003........................................... 41,940 (90) 21,220 (227) 26,470 (280) 35,410 (168) 41,350 (182) 42,870 (719) 62,080 (187) 56,500 (365) 70,640 

2004........................................... 42,090 (89) 21,660 (191) 26,280 (234) 35,730 (148) 41,900 (175) 44,400 (931) 62,800 (798) 57,220 (393) 71,530 

2005........................................... 43,320 (367) 22,330 (220) 27,190 (237) 36,300 (141) 42,420 (323) 47,180 (367) 66,170 (356) 60,020 (653) 75,030 (

2006........................................... 45,760 (134) 22,710 (398) 27,650 (573) 37,030 (164) 43,830 (812) 47,070 (390) 66,930 (346) 60,910 (235) 75,430 2007........................................... 47,000 (130) 23,380 (544) 29,320 (590) 37,860 (406) 44,900 (585) 49,040 (801) 70,400 (241) 62,090 (236) 76,280 2008........................................... 49,000 (339) 24,260 (631) 29,680 (458) 39,010 (399) 45,820 (276) 50,150 (344) 72,220 (236) 65,800 (388) 80,960 2009........................................... 49,990 (201) 23,950 (394) 28,020 (542) 39,480 (379) 47,100 (347) 50,300 (238) 71,470 (239) 62,440 (707) 79,340 (

Females1990........................................... 21,370 (—) 12,250 (—) 14,430 (—) 18,320 (—) 22,230 (—) (6) (†) 30,380 (—) 28,020 (—) (6) 

1991........................................... 22,040 (—) 12,070 (—) 14,460 (—) 18,840 (—) 22,140 (—) 25,000 (—) 31,310 (—) 29,080 (—) 34,950 1992........................................... 23,140 (159) 12,960 (—) 14,560 (—) 19,430 (176) 23,160 (—) 25,620 (—) 32,300 (—) 30,330 (294) 36,040 1993........................................... 23,630 (166) 12,420 (—) 15,390 (—) 19,960 (173) 23,060 (—) 25,880 (—) 34,310 (—) 31,200 (310) 38,610 1994........................................... 24,400 (165) 12,430 (427) 15,130 (328) 20,370 (158) 23,510 (327) 25,940 (295) 35,380 (280) 31,740 (314) 39,460 1995........................................... 24,880 (160) 13,580 (490) 15,830 (293) 20,460 (162) 24,000 (274) 27,310 (428) 35,260 (313) 32,050 (273) 40,260 1996........................................... 25,810 (131) 14,410 (559) 16,950 (333) 21,180 (143) 25,170 (267) 28,080 (526) 36,460 (296) 33,530 (437) 41,900 1997........................................... 26,970 (134) 14,160 (492) 16,700 (335) 22,070 (148) 26,340 (291) 28,810 (660) 38,040 (481) 35,380 (295) 44,950 1998........................................... 27,960 (199) 14,470 (429) 16,480 (322) 22,780 (254) 27,420 (271) 29,920 (513) 39,790 (408) 36,560 (305) 45,280 1999........................................... 28,840 (216) 15,100 (492) 17,020 (298) 23,060 (279) 27,760 (369) 30,920 (318) 41,750 (275) 37,990 (614) 48,100 2000........................................... 30,330 (138) 15,800 (327) 17,920 (434) 24,970 (236) 28,700 (364) 31,070 (307) 42,710 (439) 40,420 (284) 50,140 2001........................................... 31,360 (91) 16,690 (255) 19,160 (359) 25,300 (132) 30,420 (186) 32,150 (231) 44,780 (367) 40,990 (231) 50,670 

2002........................................... 31,010 (83) 16,510 (297) 19,310 (360) 25,180 (121) 29,400 (299) 31,630 (211) 43,250 (568) 40,850 (173) 48,890 

2003........................................... 31,570 (85) 16,910 (256) 18,940 (327) 26,070 (118) 30,140 (176) 32,250 (241) 45,120 (291) 41,330 (204) 50,160 

2004........................................... 31,990 (80) 17,020 (241) 19,160 (319) 26,030 (116) 30,820 (135) 33,480 (489) 45,910 (229) 41,680 (172) 51,320 

2005........................................... 33,080 (242) 16,140 (250) 20,130 (274) 26,290 (134) 31,400 (165) 33,940 (497) 46,950 (232) 42,170 (179) 51,410 2006........................................... 35,100 (113) 18,130 (408) 20,130 (270) 26,740 (136) 31,950 (165) 35,160 (376) 49,570 (441) 45,410 (259) 52,440 2007........................................... 36,090 (105) 18,260 (461) 20,400 (292) 27,240 (133) 32,840 (415) 36,330 (283) 50,400 (158) 45,770 (262) 55,430 

2008........................................... 36,700 (109) 18,630 (494) 20,410 (295) 28,380 (283) 32,630 (355) 36,760 (243) 51,410 (145) 47,030 (237) 57,510 

2009........................................... 37,260 (107) 18,480 (451) 21,230 (301) 29,150 (273) 34,090 (483) 37,270 (310) 51,880 (169) 46,830 (260) 61,070 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Constant 2009 dollars7

Males1990........................................... $50,450 (—) $28,550 (—) $34,310 (—) $43,750 (—) $52,090 (—) (6) (†) $70,040 (—) $64,410 (—) (6) 

1991........................................... 49,800 (—) 27,760 (—) 33,710 (—) 42,180 (—) 49,870 (—) $53,270 (—) 71,100 (—) 64,430 (—) $78,340 

1992........................................... 49,020 (183) 26,440 (—) 32,530 (—) 41,710 (268) 49,090 (—) 51,120 (—) 70,040 (—) 63,240 (465) 76,420 1993........................................... 48,040 (184) 25,040 (—) 32,290 (—) 40,640 (303) 47,620 (—) 50,020 (—) 70,880 (—) 63,480 (796) 77,010 1994........................................... 48,410 (356) 25,380 (656) 31,920 (462) 40,590 (466) 46,730 (434) 51,820 (622) 71,260 (1,023) 63,210 (916) 77,450 (

1995........................................... 48,640 (387) 25,840 (767) 31,230 (481) 41,540 (504) 47,700 (728) 49,550 (753) 71,060 (439) 63,720 (718) 77,730 (1996........................................... 48,710 (205) 24,560 (812) 31,060 (566) 41,990 (252) 47,650 (624) 50,770 (595) 70,330 (414) 62,690 (626) 82,740 (1997........................................... 49,030 (199) 25,790 (841) 33,050 (623) 41,720 (229) 48,050 (392) 50,820 (1,035) 71,450 (1,009) 64,980 (1,138) 82,460 (1998........................................... 49,890 (383) 25,510 (790) 31,530 (720) 41,430 (222) 48,610 (383) 53,010 (709) 74,400 (554) 67,660 (459) 81,920 (1999........................................... 51,940 (185) 26,310 (572) 32,240 (689) 42,730 (500) 50,510 (748) 53,620 (591) 77,520 (565) 68,230 (930) 85,300 

2000........................................... 51,150 (194) 25,900 (468) 31,260 (543) 42,740 (569) 50,250 (389) 52,270 (573) 77,080 (377) 70,180 (714) 85,120 (2001........................................... 50,410 (126) 25,880 (285) 31,750 (304) 42,060 (362) 49,720 (259) 51,820 (680) 75,380 (338) 67,750 (406) 85,890 2002........................................... 49,080 (119) 24,950 (254) 30,890 (247) 39,600 (371) 48,720 (233) 51,110 (803) 73,580 (240) 66,870 (459) 80,230 (

2003........................................... 48,900 (105) 24,740 (265) 30,860 (326) 41,290 (196) 48,210 (212) 49,990 (838) 72,380 (218) 65,880 (426) 82,360 2004........................................... 47,800 (101) 24,600 (217) 29,840 (266) 40,570 (168) 47,580 (199) 50,430 (1,057) 71,320 (906) 64,990 (446) 81,240 

2005........................................... 47,580 (403) 24,530 (242) 29,870 (260) 39,880 (155) 46,600 (355) 51,830 (403) 72,680 (391) 65,930 (717) 82,410 (

2006........................................... 48,700 (143) 24,170 (424) 29,430 (610) 39,410 (175) 46,650 (864) 50,090 (415) 71,230 (368) 64,810 (250) 80,270 2007........................................... 48,630 (135) 24,190 (563) 30,330 (610) 39,170 (420) 46,460 (605) 50,740 (829) 72,840 (249) 64,240 (244) 78,930 2008........................................... 48,830 (338) 24,170 (629) 29,570 (456) 38,870 (398) 45,660 (275) 49,970 (343) 71,960 (235) 65,570 (387) 80,670 2009........................................... 49,990 (201) 23,950 (394) 28,020 (542) 39,480 (379) 47,100 (347) 50,300 (238) 71,470 (239) 62,440 (707) 79,340 (

Females1990........................................... 35,080 (—) 20,110 (—) 23,680 (—) 30,070 (—) 36,480 (—) (6) (†) 49,860 (—) 45,990 (—) (6) 

1991........................................... 34,720 (—) 19,010 (—) 22,770 (—) 29,670 (—) 34,880 (—) 39,380 (—) 49,320 (—) 45,800 (—) 55,050 1992........................................... 35,380 (243) 19,810 (—) 22,260 (—) 29,710 (269) 35,410 (—) 39,180 (—) 49,400 (—) 46,370 (450) 55,110 1993........................................... 35,080 (246) 18,430 (—) 22,840 (—) 29,640 (257) 34,230 (—) 38,430 (—) 50,940 (—) 46,320 (460) 57,330 1994........................................... 35,320 (239) 17,990 (618) 21,910 (475) 29,490 (229) 34,040 (473) 37,550 (427) 51,210 (405) 45,950 (455) 57,120 1995........................................... 35,020 (225) 19,110 (690) 22,280 (412) 28,810 (228) 33,780 (386) 38,450 (603) 49,630 (441) 45,120 (384) 56,680 1996........................................... 35,290 (179) 19,710 (764) 23,180 (455) 28,950 (196) 34,410 (365) 38,400 (719) 49,850 (405) 45,840 (598) 57,290 1997........................................... 36,060 (179) 18,930 (658) 22,320 (448) 29,500 (198) 35,200 (389) 38,510 (882) 50,840 (643) 47,290 (394) 60,080 (1998........................................... 36,800 (262) 19,040 (565) 21,690 (424) 29,980 (334) 36,090 (357) 39,390 (675) 52,370 (537) 48,120 (401) 59,600 (1999........................................... 37,140 (278) 19,440 (634) 21,910 (384) 29,700 (359) 35,740 (475) 39,820 (410) 53,760 (354) 48,920 (791) 61,940 (2000........................................... 37,780 (172) 19,680 (407) 22,320 (541) 31,110 (294) 35,750 (453) 38,710 (382) 53,210 (547) 50,350 (354) 62,470 2001........................................... 37,980 (110) 20,220 (309) 23,210 (435) 30,650 (160) 36,850 (225) 38,950 (280) 54,240 (445) 49,660 (280) 61,380 2002........................................... 36,980 (99) 19,690 (354) 23,020 (429) 30,030 (144) 35,060 (357) 37,710 (252) 51,570 (677) 48,720 (206) 58,300 

2003........................................... 36,800 (99) 19,710 (298) 22,080 (381) 30,400 (138) 35,140 (205) 37,610 (281) 52,600 (339) 48,190 (238) 58,490 

2004........................................... 36,330 (91) 19,330 (274) 21,760 (362) 29,560 (132) 35,000 (153) 38,020 (555) 52,140 (260) 47,340 (195) 58,280 

2005........................................... 36,330 (266) 17,730 (275) 22,110 (301) 28,880 (147) 34,490 (181) 37,280 (546) 51,570 (255) 46,330 (197) 56,480 2006........................................... 37,350 (120) 19,300 (434) 21,420 (287) 28,450 (145) 34,000 (176) 37,420 (400) 52,750 (469) 48,320 (276) 55,800 2007........................................... 37,340 (109) 18,890 (477) 21,110 (302) 28,190 (138) 33,980 (429) 37,590 (293) 52,150 (163) 47,360 (271) 57,350 

2008........................................... 36,570 (109) 18,570 (492) 20,330 (294) 28,280 (282) 32,510 (354) 36,630 (242) 51,230 (144) 46,860 (236) 57,310 

2009........................................... 37,260 (107) 18,480 (451) 21,230 (301) 29,150 (273) 34,090 (483) 37,270 (310) 51,880 (169) 46,830 (260) 61,070 

See notes at end of table.

Table 391. Median annual earnings of year-round, full-time workers 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment and sex: 1990 through 2009Sex and year Total

Elementary/secondary College

Less than 9th grade

Some high school,

no completion1

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)2

Some college,

no degree3 Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s or high

Total Bachelor’s degree5 Master’s d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Number of persons with earnings who worked full-time year-round (in thousands)

Males1990........................................... 44,406 (268.6) 2,250 (73.9) 3,315 (89.3) 16,394 (188.0) 9,113 (144.6) (6) (†) 13,334 (171.8) 7,569 (132.6) (6) 

1991........................................... 44,199 (268.3) 1,807 (66.3) 3,083 (86.2) 15,025 (181.1) 8,034 (136.4) 2,899 (83.6) 13,350 (171.9) 8,456 (139.7) 3,073 1992........................................... 44,752 (269.1) 1,815 (66.5) 3,009 (85.2) 14,722 (179.5) 8,067 (136.6) 3,203 (87.8) 13,937 (175.2) 8,719 (141.7) 3,178 1993........................................... 45,873 (270.6) 1,790 (66.0) 3,083 (86.2) 14,604 (178.9) 8,493 (140.0) 3,557 (92.4) 14,346 (177.5) 9,178 (145.1) 3,131 1994........................................... 47,566 (303.0) 1,895 (69.2) 3,057 (87.6) 15,109 (188.5) 8,783 (146.2) 3,735 (96.6) 14,987 (187.8) 9,636 (152.8) 3,225 1995........................................... 48,500 (306.1) 1,946 (72.8) 3,335 (94.9) 15,331 (195.6) 8,908 (152.3) 3,926 (102.8) 15,054 (194.0) 9,597 (157.8) 3,395 

1996........................................... 49,764 (301.1) 2,041 (69.2) 3,441 (89.6) 15,840 (186.5) 9,173 (144.2) 3,931 (95.6) 15,339 (183.7) 9,898 (149.6) 3,272 1997........................................... 50,807 (299.0) 1,914 (67.0) 3,548 (90.9) 16,225 (187.8) 9,170 (143.9) 4,086 (97.4) 15,864 (185.9) 10,349 (152.4) 3,228 1998........................................... 52,381 (306.4) 1,870 (66.3) 3,613 (91.7) 16,442 (189.7) 9,375 (145.7) 4,347 (100.4) 16,733 (191.2) 11,058 (157.6) 3,414 

1999........................................... 53,062 (307.8) 1,993 (68.4) 3,295 (87.7) 16,589 (190.5) 9,684 (148.0) 4,359 (100.6) 17,142 (193.3) 11,142 (158.2) 3,725 

2000........................................... 54,065 (309.7) 1,968 (68.0) 3,354 (88.4) 16,834 (191.7) 9,792 (148.8) 4,729 (104.7) 17,387 (194.6) 11,395 (159.9) 3,680 

2001........................................... 54,013 (224.8) 2,207 (51.4) 3,503 (64.5) 16,314 (135.4) 9,494 (104.9) 4,714 (74.7) 17,780 (140.9) 11,479 (114.8) 3,961 2002........................................... 54,108 (225.0) 2,154 (50.7) 3,680 (66.1) 16,005 (134.2) 9,603 (105.5) 4,399 (72.2) 18,267 (142.7) 11,829 (116.5) 4,065 2003........................................... 54,253 (225.2) 2,209 (51.4) 3,369 (63.3) 16,285 (135.3) 9,340 (104.1) 4,696 (74.5) 18,354 (143.0) 11,846 (116.6) 4,124 2004........................................... 55,469 (227.0) 2,427 (53.8) 3,468 (64.2) 17,067 (138.3) 9,257 (103.6) 4,913 (76.2) 18,338 (142.9) 11,701 (115.9) 4,243 2005........................................... 56,717 (228.7) 2,425 (53.8) 3,652 (65.9) 17,266 (139.0) 9,532 (105.1) 5,022 (77.0) 18,820 (144.7) 12,032 (117.4) 4,275 2006........................................... 58,109 (230.6) 2,361 (53.1) 3,872 (67.8) 17,369 (139.4) 9,493 (104.9) 5,110 (77.7) 19,903 (148.4) 12,764 (120.7) 4,542 2007........................................... 58,147 (230.7) 2,142 (50.6) 3,451 (64.0) 17,224 (138.9) 9,867 (106.8) 5,244 (78.7) 20,218 (149.5) 12,962 (121.6) 4,800 2008........................................... 55,655 (227.2) 1,982 (48.7) 3,118 (60.9) 16,195 (135.0) 9,515 (105.0) 5,020 (77.0) 19,825 (148.1) 12,609 (120.0) 4,709 2009........................................... 52,445 (222.5) 1,561 (43.2) 2,795 (57.7) 15,258 (131.3) 8,609 (100.1) 4,828 (75.5) 19,395 (146.7) 12,290 (118.6) 4,575 Females1990........................................... 28,636 (234.7) 847 (45.6) 1,861 (67.3) 11,810 (162.8) 6,462 (123.1) (6) (†) 7,655 (133.3) 4,704 (105.8) (6) 

1991........................................... 29,474 (237.1) 733 (42.4) 1,819 (66.5) 10,959 (157.4) 5,633 (115.3) 2,523 (78.1) 7,807 (134.6) 5,263 (111.6) 2,025 1992........................................... 30,346 (239.6) 734 (42.4) 1,659 (63.6) 11,039 (157.9) 5,904 (117.9) 2,655 (80.1) 8,355 (138.9) 5,604 (115.0) 2,192 1993........................................... 30,683 (240.5) 765 (43.3) 1,576 (62.0) 10,513 (154.4) 6,279 (121.4) 3,067 (86.0) 8,483 (139.9) 5,735 (116.3) 2,166 1994........................................... 31,379 (259.2) 696 (42.0) 1,675 (65.1) 10,785 (161.2) 6,256 (124.2) 3,210 (89.7) 8,756 (146.0) 5,901 (120.8) 2,174 1995........................................... 32,673 (268.2) 774 (46.1) 1,763 (69.3) 11,064 (168.6) 6,329 (129.5) 3,336 (94.9) 9,406 (156.3) 6,434 (130.5) 2,268 1996........................................... 33,549 (259.0) 750 (42.1) 1,751 (64.1) 11,363 (159.7) 6,582 (122.9) 3,468 (89.9) 9,636 (147.7) 6,689 (123.9) 2,213 1997........................................... 34,624 (260.1) 791 (43.2) 1,765 (64.4) 11,475 (160.0) 6,628 (123.2) 3,538 (90.7) 10,427 (153.0) 7,173 (128.0) 2,448 

1998........................................... 35,628 (265.4) 814 (43.8) 1,878 (66.4) 11,613 (161.3) 7,070 (127.3) 3,527 (90.7) 10,725 (155.4) 7,288 (129.2) 2,639 

1999........................................... 37,091 (269.7) 886 (45.7) 1,883 (66.5) 11,824 (162.7) 7,453 (130.6) 3,804 (94.1) 11,242 (158.9) 7,607 (131.9) 2,818 

2000........................................... 37,762 (271.6) 930 (46.8) 1,950 (67.7) 11,789 (162.5) 7,391 (130.0) 4,118 (97.8) 11,584 (161.1) 7,899 (134.3) 2,823 

2001........................................... 38,228 (197.0) 927 (33.4) 1,869 (47.3) 11,690 (115.8) 7,283 (92.3) 4,190 (70.5) 12,269 (118.5) 8,257 (98.1) 3,089 2002........................................... 38,510 (197.6) 858 (32.1) 1,841 (46.9) 11,687 (115.8) 7,354 (92.7) 4,285 (71.2) 12,484 (119.5) 8,229 (97.9) 3,281 2003........................................... 38,681 (197.9) 882 (32.6) 1,739 (45.6) 11,587 (115.3) 7,341 (92.6) 4,397 (72.2) 12,735 (120.6) 8,330 (98.5) 3,376 2004........................................... 39,072 (198.7) 917 (33.2) 1,797 (46.4) 11,392 (114.4) 7,330 (92.6) 4,505 (73.0) 13,131 (122.4) 8,664 (100.4) 3,451 2005........................................... 40,021 (200.6) 902 (32.9) 1,740 (45.6) 11,419 (114.5) 7,452 (93.3) 4,751 (74.9) 13,758 (125.1) 9,074 (102.6) 3,591 2006........................................... 41,311 (203.2) 934 (33.5) 1,802 (46.4) 11,652 (115.6) 7,613 (94.3) 4,760 (75.0) 14,549 (128.4) 9,645 (105.7) 3,746 2007........................................... 42,196 (204.9) 823 (31.5) 1,649 (44.4) 11,447 (114.7) 7,916 (96.1) 4,891 (76.0) 15,469 (132.1) 9,931 (107.2) 4,389 2008........................................... 40,979 (202.5) 814 (31.3) 1,568 (43.3) 10,851 (111.8) 7,456 (93.3) 4,955 (76.5) 15,335 (131.6) 9,856 (106.8) 4,176 2009........................................... 40,376 (201.4) 776 (30.5) 1,519 (42.7) 10,467 (109.9) 7,164 (91.6) 4,924 (76.3) 15,526 (132.4) 10,066 (107.9) 4,261 

See notes at end of table.

Table 391. Median annual earnings of year-round, full-time workers 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment and sex: 1990 through 2009Sex and year Total

Elementary/secondary College

Less than 9th grade

Some high school,

no completion1

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)2

Some college,

no degree3 Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s or high

Total Bachelor’s degree5 Master’s d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.1Includes 1 to 3 years of high school for 1990.2Includes 4 years of high school for 1990.3Includes 1 to 3 years of college and associate’s degrees for 1990.4Includes 4 or more years of college for 1990.5Includes 4 years of college for 1990.6Not reported separately for 1990.

7Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the BureaNOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appSOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current PopulHouseholds, Families, and Persons in the United States and Income, Povethrough 1994; Series P-60, Money Income in the United States, 1995 througthe CPS, 2003 through 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2010, from http://perinc/new03_000.htm. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

Percent of workers with earnings who worked full-time year-round

Males1990........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1991........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1992........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1993........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1994........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1995........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1996........................................... 78.2 (0.25) 64.5 (1.31) 66.9 (1.01) 77.2 (0.45) 78.8 (0.58) 83.8 (0.83) 82.9 (0.43) 83.2 (0.53) 80.6 

1997........................................... 81.6 (0.24) 63.9 (1.35) 69.5 (0.99) 78.7 (0.44) 79.5 (0.58) 81.7 (0.84) 83.3 (0.42) 83.9 (0.51) 80.8 

1998........................................... 81.0 (0.24) 66.8 (1.37) 73.5 (0.97) 80.3 (0.43) 81.0 (0.56) 85.3 (0.76) 84.6 (0.39) 85.9 (0.47) 81.6 

1999........................................... 81.1 (0.24) 70.3 (1.32) 71.5 (1.02) 80.3 (0.43) 81.3 (0.55) 84.2 (0.78) 84.7 (0.39) 85.3 (0.48) 83.5 

2000........................................... 81.7 (0.23) 69.2 (1.33) 71.8 (1.01) 80.9 (0.42) 82.2 (0.54) 86.6 (0.71) 84.8 (0.39) 85.6 (0.47) 82.8 

2001........................................... 80.1 (0.17) 69.7 (0.90) 70.9 (0.71) 79.4 (0.31) 80.2 (0.40) 84.1 (0.54) 83.3 (0.28) 83.6 (0.35) 82.4 

2002........................................... 79.4 (0.17) 70.1 (0.91) 71.3 (0.69) 77.8 (0.32) 78.8 (0.41) 81.4 (0.58) 83.9 (0.27) 84.4 (0.34) 82.2 

2003........................................... 79.5 (0.17) 71.5 (0.89) 70.1 (0.73) 78.7 (0.31) 78.8 (0.41) 82.1 (0.56) 83.1 (0.28) 84.0 (0.34) 81.1 

2004........................................... 80.0 (0.17) 74.7 (0.84) 71.2 (0.71) 79.1 (0.30) 79.3 (0.41) 83.6 (0.53) 83.0 (0.28) 83.1 (0.35) 83.1 

2005........................................... 80.3 (0.16) 74.0 (0.84) 73.8 (0.69) 79.5 (0.30) 80.0 (0.40) 82.5 (0.54) 82.9 (0.27) 83.0 (0.34) 82.7 

2006........................................... 81.1 (0.16) 73.6 (0.85) 72.9 (0.67) 79.6 (0.30) 80.1 (0.40) 85.3 (0.50) 84.7 (0.26) 85.2 (0.32) 83.5 

2007........................................... 80.5 (0.16) 71.1 (0.91) 70.8 (0.72) 79.4 (0.30) 79.5 (0.40) 83.3 (0.52) 84.5 (0.26) 85.1 (0.32) 83.5 

2008........................................... 77.0 (0.17) 66.3 (0.95) 64.6 (0.76) 74.6 (0.32) 76.5 (0.42) 79.4 (0.56) 82.6 (0.27) 83.2 (0.33) 80.9 

2009........................................... 73.9 (0.18) 56.2 (1.03) 61.8 (0.79) 70.1 (0.34) 73.4 (0.45) 77.9 (0.58) 80.8 (0.28) 79.9 (0.35) 82.0 

Females1990........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1991........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1992........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1993........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1994........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1995........................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 1996........................................... 60.7 (0.32) 47.9 (1.94) 49.4 (1.29) 60.0 (0.55) 62.0 (0.73) 63.7 (1.00) 63.5 (0.60) 63.4 (0.72) 62.4 1997........................................... 61.7 (0.32) 48.7 (1.91) 49.3 (1.29) 61.0 (0.55) 61.9 (0.72) 64.3 (0.99) 65.4 (0.58) 64.6 (0.70) 65.7 

1998........................................... 62.5 (0.31) 51.8 (1.94) 53.1 (1.29) 61.9 (0.55) 63.3 (0.70) 64.9 (1.00) 65.0 (0.57) 64.0 (0.69) 66.2 

1999........................................... 63.7 (0.31) 53.0 (1.88) 54.0 (1.30) 63.0 (0.54) 64.8 (0.69) 65.1 (0.96) 66.2 (0.56) 65.9 (0.68) 66.5 

2000........................................... 64.6 (0.30) 53.5 (1.84) 56.5 (1.30) 64.1 (0.54) 65.3 (0.69) 66.6 (0.92) 66.5 (0.55) 66.7 (0.67) 64.9 

2001........................................... 64.3 (0.22) 54.0 (1.32) 55.3 (0.94) 63.5 (0.39) 65.1 (0.49) 65.8 (0.65) 66.6 (0.38) 66.6 (0.47) 65.6 

2002........................................... 64.1 (0.22) 52.6 (1.36) 55.5 (0.95) 63.2 (0.39) 65.0 (0.49) 65.6 (0.65) 66.5 (0.38) 65.9 (0.47) 66.1 

2003........................................... 64.4 (0.21) 56.5 (1.38) 53.8 (0.96) 64.4 (0.39) 64.2 (0.49) 65.6 (0.64) 66.4 (0.37) 65.8 (0.46) 66.3 

2004........................................... 64.5 (0.21) 56.3 (1.35) 56.1 (0.96) 64.5 (0.40) 64.2 (0.49) 64.6 (0.63) 66.7 (0.37) 66.3 (0.45) 66.3 2005........................................... 65.3 (0.21) 56.5 (1.36) 54.5 (0.97) 65.1 (0.40) 63.5 (0.49) 67.2 (0.61) 68.2 (0.36) 68.0 (0.44) 68.3 

2006........................................... 66.2 (0.21) 58.5 (1.35) 56.0 (0.96) 65.6 (0.39) 65.9 (0.48) 67.3 (0.61) 68.6 (0.35) 68.4 (0.43) 67.5 

2007........................................... 66.7 (0.21) 56.8 (1.43) 55.3 (1.00) 65.7 (0.39) 66.7 (0.48) 67.3 (0.60) 69.3 (0.34) 68.4 (0.42) 70.6 

2008........................................... 64.4 (0.21) 51.6 (1.38) 52.8 (1.01) 62.4 (0.40) 64.7 (0.49) 65.5 (0.60) 67.9 (0.34) 67.8 (0.43) 66.9 2009........................................... 64.3 (0.21) 52.0 (1.42) 54.5 (1.04) 62.4 (0.41) 63.9 (0.50) 64.5 (0.60) 68.0 (0.34) 68.3 (0.42) 67.5 

Table 391. Median annual earnings of year-round, full-time workers 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment and sex: 1990 through 2009Sex and year Total

Elementary/secondary College

Less than 9th grade

Some high school,

no completion1

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)2

Some college,

no degree3 Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s or high

Total Bachelor’s degree5 Master’s d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 392. Distribution of earnings and median earnings of persons 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment and sex: 2009Sex and earnings Total

Elementary/secondary College

Less than 9th grade

Some high school

(no completion)

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)

Some college,

no degree Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s or highe

Total Bachelor’s degree Master’s de

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Total males and females

(in thousands).............. 199,928 (223.3) 10,451 (111.8) 15,260 (133.8) 62,456 (241.9) 33,662 (190.7) 18,259 (145.4) 59,840 (238.4) 38,784 (202.3) 15,203 (1

 With earnings .................. 133,741 (278.6) 4,273 (72.4) 7,311 (94.1) 38,544 (201.8) 22,957 (161.4) 13,827 (127.7) 46,830 (218.0) 30,122 (181.9) 11,886 (1

Distribution of total persons 

with earnings, by total annual earnings............. 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

$1 to $4,999 or loss ......... 5.9 (0.07) 10.4 (0.52) 10.3 (0.40) 6.5 (0.14) 6.2 (0.18) 5.5 (0.22) 4.1 (0.10) 4.3 (0.13) 4.3 (

$5,000 to $9,999.............. 5.7 (0.07) 12.8 (0.57) 10.3 (0.40) 7.0 (0.15) 6.2 (0.18) 5.1 (0.21) 3.3 (0.09) 3.7 (0.12) 2.6 (

$10,000 to $14,999.......... 7.2 (0.08) 18.8 (0.67) 14.6 (0.46) 8.9 (0.16) 7.4 (0.19) 6.2 (0.23) 3.8 (0.10) 4.2 (0.13) 3.3 (

$15,000 to $19,999.......... 7.1 (0.08) 17.1 (0.64) 15.9 (0.48) 9.4 (0.17) 7.0 (0.19) 6.2 (0.23) 3.1 (0.09) 3.8 (0.12) 2.3 (

$20,000 to $24,999.......... 8.2 (0.08) 14.1 (0.60) 12.0 (0.42) 11.4 (0.18) 8.5 (0.21) 8.0 (0.26) 4.3 (0.10) 5.0 (0.14) 3.4 ($25,000 to $29,999.......... 7.6 (0.08) 8.1 (0.47) 10.0 (0.39) 10.1 (0.17) 9.3 (0.21) 8.1 (0.26) 4.3 (0.10) 5.2 (0.14) 2.8 (

$30,000 to $34,999.......... 7.8 (0.08) 6.6 (0.42) 7.3 (0.34) 9.8 (0.17) 9.0 (0.21) 8.5 (0.27) 5.5 (0.12) 6.7 (0.16) 4.1 (

$35,000 to $39,999.......... 6.7 (0.08) 3.5 (0.31) 5.2 (0.29) 7.6 (0.15) 7.8 (0.20) 7.5 (0.25) 5.6 (0.12) 6.7 (0.16) 4.0 (

$40,000 to $49,999.......... 11.4 (0.10) 3.7 (0.32) 6.0 (0.31) 11.1 (0.18) 12.3 (0.24) 14.1 (0.33) 11.9 (0.17) 13.1 (0.22) 10.7 ($50,000 to $74,999.......... 17.5 (0.12) 3.8 (0.33) 5.9 (0.31) 12.8 (0.19) 17.3 (0.28) 20.2 (0.38) 23.7 (0.22) 23.3 (0.27) 27.0 ($75,000 to $99,999.......... 6.8 (0.08) 0.7 (0.14) 1.5 (0.16) 3.3 (0.10) 5.0 (0.16) 6.5 (0.23) 12.0 (0.17) 10.6 (0.20) 15.0 ($100,000 or more ............ 8.2 (0.08) 0.4 (0.11) 1.0 (0.13) 2.1 (0.08) 4.0 (0.14) 4.1 (0.19) 18.4 (0.20) 13.4 (0.22) 20.5 (

Median earnings1................. $35,290 (82) $16,940 (207) $19,540 (273) $27,380 (100) $32,000 (137) $36,190 (236) $51,910 (120) $46,930 (195) $60,210 

Number of males

(in thousands).............. 96,325 (135.1) 5,211 (78.8) 7,705 (94.7) 30,682 (167.2) 15,908 (130.7) 7,662 (94.5) 29,158 (164.5) 18,674 (139.6) 6,859 (

With earnings................... 70,995 (182.3) 2,779 (58.2) 4,524 (73.7) 21,761 (148.2) 11,736 (114.6) 6,197 (85.5) 23,997 (153.7) 15,376 (128.9) 5,578 (

Distribution of males with 

earnings, by total annual earnings......................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

$1 to $4,999 or loss ......... 4.6 (0.09) 8.7 (0.60) 8.1 (0.45) 5.4 (0.17) 4.4 (0.21) 4.5 (0.29) 2.9 (0.12) 3.1 (0.16) 3.0 (

$5,000 to $9,999.............. 4.2 (0.08) 10.4 (0.65) 8.0 (0.45) 5.2 (0.17) 4.4 (0.21) 3.3 (0.25) 2.0 (0.10) 2.3 (0.13) 1.7 (

$10,000 to $14,999.......... 5.6 (0.10) 16.3 (0.78) 12.0 (0.54) 6.6 (0.19) 5.5 (0.23) 3.9 (0.27) 2.9 (0.12) 3.2 (0.16) 2.7 (

$15,000 to $19,999.......... 6.0 (0.10) 16.2 (0.78) 14.4 (0.58) 7.5 (0.20) 5.3 (0.23) 4.1 (0.28) 2.6 (0.11) 3.1 (0.16) 1.7 (

$20,000 to $24,999.......... 7.0 (0.11) 15.1 (0.76) 12.1 (0.54) 9.8 (0.23) 6.4 (0.25) 5.7 (0.33) 3.3 (0.13) 3.9 (0.18) 2.6 (

$25,000 to $29,999.......... 6.7 (0.11) 9.3 (0.62) 10.7 (0.51) 8.7 (0.21) 7.9 (0.28) 6.3 (0.34) 3.5 (0.13) 4.1 (0.18) 2.5 (

$30,000 to $34,999.......... 7.2 (0.11) 7.9 (0.57) 8.7 (0.47) 9.7 (0.22) 8.1 (0.28) 6.9 (0.36) 4.1 (0.14) 5.2 (0.20) 3.0 (

$35,000 to $39,999.......... 6.3 (0.10) 4.6 (0.44) 6.8 (0.42) 8.2 (0.21) 7.1 (0.27) 6.7 (0.35) 4.2 (0.14) 5.0 (0.20) 2.9 (

$40,000 to $49,999.......... 11.7 (0.14) 5.0 (0.46) 7.6 (0.44) 13.5 (0.26) 13.3 (0.35) 15.6 (0.51) 9.9 (0.22) 11.3 (0.29) 8.2 ($50,000 to $74,999.......... 20.1 (0.17) 5.1 (0.47) 8.0 (0.45) 17.5 (0.29) 23.9 (0.44) 26.5 (0.63) 23.1 (0.30) 24.5 (0.39) 24.1 ($75,000 to $99,999.......... 8.6 (0.12) 1.0 (0.21) 2.1 (0.24) 5.0 (0.16) 7.4 (0.27) 10.0 (0.43) 14.3 (0.25) 14.0 (0.31) 16.1 (

$100,000 or more ............ 11.8 (0.14) 0.4 (0.13) 1.4 (0.20) 2.9 (0.13) 6.3 (0.25) 6.5 (0.35) 27.2 (0.32) 20.3 (0.36) 31.4 (

Median earnings1................. $41,090 (99) $19,390 (399) $22,220 (247) $32,270 (126) $40,390 (205) $44,760 (760) $62,390 (425) $56,570 (349) $71,500 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 †Not applicable.

1Excludes persons without earnings.NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Sufrom http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstables/032010/perinc/new03_000.htm. 

Number of females 

(in thousands).............. 103,603 (148.5) 5,240 (79.2) 7,555 (94.2) 31,774 (172.0) 17,753 (137.9) 10,597 (110.1) 30,683 (170.0) 20,110 (145.2) 8,344 (

With earnings................... 62,747 (197.5) 1,493 (42.9) 2,787 (58.3) 16,784 (134.7) 11,220 (112.9) 7,630 (94.6) 22,832 (152.7) 14,745 (127.4) 6,308 (

Distribution of females with 

earnings, by total annual earnings....................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 

$1 to $4,999 or loss ......... 7.2 (0.12) 13.7 (0.99) 14.0 (0.73) 7.8 (0.23) 8.2 (0.29) 6.3 (0.31) 5.4 (0.17) 5.6 (0.21) 5.5 (

$5,000 to $9,999.............. 7.5 (0.12) 17.1 (1.09) 14.1 (0.74) 9.4 (0.25) 8.1 (0.29) 6.6 (0.32) 4.6 (0.15) 5.2 (0.20) 3.4 (

$10,000 to $14,999.......... 9.0 (0.13) 23.4 (1.22) 18.7 (0.83) 12.0 (0.28) 9.4 (0.31) 8.1 (0.35) 4.7 (0.16) 5.3 (0.21) 3.8 ($15,000 to $19,999.......... 8.3 (0.12) 19.0 (1.13) 18.3 (0.82) 11.9 (0.28) 8.8 (0.30) 7.9 (0.34) 3.8 (0.14) 4.4 (0.19) 2.8 ($20,000 to $24,999.......... 9.5 (0.13) 12.3 (0.95) 11.7 (0.68) 13.4 (0.29) 10.8 (0.33) 9.8 (0.38) 5.3 (0.17) 6.1 (0.22) 4.1 (

$25,000 to $29,999.......... 8.7 (0.13) 5.8 (0.68) 8.9 (0.60) 11.9 (0.28) 10.7 (0.33) 9.5 (0.38) 5.2 (0.16) 6.4 (0.23) 3.0 (

$30,000 to $34,999.......... 8.5 (0.12) 4.1 (0.57) 5.1 (0.46) 9.9 (0.26) 10.0 (0.32) 9.9 (0.38) 7.0 (0.19) 8.3 (0.25) 5.1 (

$35,000 to $39,999.......... 7.0 (0.11) 1.4 (0.34) 2.4 (0.33) 6.8 (0.22) 8.4 (0.29) 8.2 (0.35) 7.0 (0.19) 8.4 (0.26) 4.9 (

$40,000 to $49,999.......... 11.0 (0.14) 1.5 (0.35) 3.6 (0.39) 8.0 (0.23) 11.3 (0.33) 12.8 (0.43) 14.0 (0.26) 15.0 (0.33) 13.0 ($50,000 to $74,999.......... 14.5 (0.16) 1.2 (0.32) 2.5 (0.33) 6.8 (0.22) 10.5 (0.32) 15.1 (0.46) 24.3 (0.32) 22.1 (0.38) 29.5 ($75,000 to $99,999.......... 4.7 (0.09) 0.2 (0.13) 0.5 (0.14) 1.0 (0.09) 2.4 (0.16) 3.7 (0.24) 9.6 (0.22) 7.1 (0.24) 14.1 ($100,000 or more ............ 4.2 (0.09) 0.6 (0.22) 0.3 (0.12) 1.0 (0.09) 1.5 (0.13) 2.1 (0.18) 9.2 (0.21) 6.1 (0.22) 10.8 (

Median earnings1................. $29,870 (176) $13,960 (371) $15,680 (219) $22,470 (165) $26,830 (202) $30,600 (213) $44,490 (512) $40,100 (233) $51,790 

Table 392. Distribution of earnings and median earnings of persons 25 years old and over, by highest level of educational attainment and sex: 2009—ContinuedSex and earnings Total

Elementary/secondary College

Less than 9th grade

Some high school

(no completion)

High school

completion

(includes

equivalency)

Some college,

no degree Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s or highe

Total Bachelor’s degree Master’s de

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.1Prose literacy refers to the knowledge and skills needed to search, comprehend, and use information from continuous texts.

Adults at the Below Basic level, rated 0 to 209, range from being nonliterate in English to being able to locate easily identifiable information in short, commonplace prose texts. At the Basic level, rated 210 to 264, adults are able to read and understand information in short, commonplace prose texts. At the Intermediate level, rated 265 to 339, adults are able to read andunderstand moderately dense, less commonplace prose texts as well as summarize, make simple inferences, determinecause and effect, and recognize the author’s purpose. At the Proficient level, rated 340 to 500, adults are able to readlengthy, complex, abstract prose texts as well as synthesize information and make complex inferences.

2Document literacy refers to the knowledge and skills needed to search, comprehend, and use information from noncontinuous textsin various formats. Adults at the Below Basic level, rated 0 to 204, range from being nonliterate in English to being able to locate easily identifiable information and follow instructions in simple documents (e.g., charts or forms). At the Basic level, rated 205 to 249,adults are able to read and understand information in simple documents. At the Intermediate level, rated 250 to 334, adults are ableto locate information in dense, complex documents and make simple inferences about the information. At the Proficient level, rated335 to 500, adults are able to integrate, synthesize, and analyze multiple pieces of information located in complex documents. 

3Quantitative literacy refers to the knowledge and skills required to identify and pusing numbers embedded in printed materials. Adults at the Below Basic level, rateto being able to locate numbers and use them to perform simple quantitative opeinformation is very concrete and familiar. At the Basic level, rated 235 to 289, aduinformation and use it to solve simple, one-step problems when the arithmetic opediate level, rated 290 to 349, adults are able to locate less familiar quantitative inarithmetic operation is not specified or easily inferred. At the Proficient level, rated quantitative information and use it to solve multistep problems when the arithmetlems are more complex. NOTE: Adults are defined as people age 16 and older living in households or pto language spoken or cognitive or mental disabilities (3 percent in 2003 and Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals include racial/ethsum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), A First Look at the Literacy omental data retrieved July 6, 2006, from http://nces.ed.gov/naal/Excel/2006470_D

Table 393. Literacy skills of adults, by type of literacy, proficiency levels, and selected characteristics: 1992 and 2003Selected characteristic

Prose literacy1 Document literacy2 Q

Average score Percent of adults with proficiency at level, 2003 Average score Percent of adults with proficiency at level, 2003 Average score 

1992 2003 Below Basic Basic Intermediate Proficient 1992 2003 Below Basic Basic Intermediate Proficient 1992 2003 Be

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 

Total................................ 276 (1.1) 275 (1.3) 14 (0.6) 29 (0.6) 44 (0.7) 13 (0.5) 271 (1.1) 271 (1.2) 12 (0.5) 22 (0.5) 53 (0.7) 13 (0.6) 275 (1.1) 283 (1.2) 

Sex

Male .................................... 276 (1.2) 272 (1.5) 15 (0.6) 29 (0.7) 43 (0.7) 13 (0.6) 274 (1.2) 269 (1.5) 14 (0.6) 23 (0.5) 51 (0.8) 13 (0.6) 283 (1.4) 286 (1.3) Female................................ 277 (1.3) 277 (1.4) 12 (0.6) 29 (0.6) 46 (0.8) 14 (0.6) 268 (1.2) 272 (1.2) 11 (0.6) 22 (0.6) 54 (0.8) 13 (0.6) 269 (1.2) 279 (1.3) 

Age

16 to 18 years old ............... 270 (2.3) 267 (2.8) 11 (1.7) 37 (2.5) 48 (2.7) 5 (1.4) 270 (2.2) 268 (2.9) 11 (1.4) 24 (1.8) 56 (2.4) 9 (1.7) 264 (2.5) 267 (3.1) 

19 to 24 years old ............... 280 (2.0) 276 (2.4) 11 (1.1) 29 (1.3) 48 (1.5) 12 (1.1) 282 (2.2) 277 (2.5) 9 (1.1) 20 (1.2) 58 (1.7) 13 (1.5) 277 (2.0) 279 (2.3) 

25 to 39 years old ............... 288 (1.3) 283 (1.7) 12 (0.6) 25 (0.7) 45 (0.7) 18 (0.8) 286 (1.2) 282 (1.8) 8 (0.7) 19 (0.7) 56 (1.1) 17 (1.1) 286 (1.3) 292 (1.8) 

40 to 54 years old ............... 293 (2.0) 282 (2.3) 11 (0.9) 27 (1.1) 47 (1.2) 15 (1.1) 284 (1.9) 277 (1.8) 10 (0.7) 20 (0.8) 54 (1.1) 15 (0.9) 292 (1.8) 289 (1.9) 

55 to 64 years old ............... 269 (1.4) 278 (1.9) 13 (0.8) 27 (0.9) 44 (1.1) 15 (0.8) 258 (1.4) 270 (2.1) 12 (0.9) 23 (0.9) 54 (1.2) 12 (1.1) 272 (1.8) 289 (1.9) 65 years old and older ........ 235 (1.7) 248 (2.0) 23 (1.3) 38 (1.2) 34 (1.4) 4 (0.6) 221 (2.2) 235 (2.0) 27 (1.5) 33 (1.0) 38 (1.4) 3 (0.4) 235 (2.7) 257 (2.2) 

Race/ethnicity

White................................... 287 (1.2) 288 (1.5) 7 (0.5) 25 (0.8) 51 (0.9) 17 (0.9) 281 (1.2) 282 (1.5) 8 (0.5) 19 (0.7) 58 (1.0) 15 (1.0) 288 (1.1) 297 (1.3) Black ................................... 237 (1.4) 243 (1.8) 24 (1.4) 43 (1.2) 31 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 230 (1.4) 238 (2.1) 24 (1.7) 35 (1.4) 40 (1.9) 2 (0.5) 222 (1.6) 238 (2.1) 

Hispanic .............................. 234 (2.3) 216 (3.5) 44 (1.8) 30 (1.0) 23 (1.1) 4 (0.4) 238 (1.8) 224 (3.6) 36 (1.6) 26 (0.8) 33 (1.2) 5 (0.5) 233 (2.3) 233 (3.2) 

Asian/Pacific Islander.......... 255 (6.1) 271 (4.0) 14 (2.0) 32 (2.2) 42 (2.5) 12 (1.8) 259 (6.1) 272 (5.0) 11 (2.2) 22 (2.1) 54 (3.0) 13 (2.3) 268 (7.8) 285 (5.1) 

Highest level of education

Still in high school ............... 268 (2.5) 262 (3.7) 14 (2.5) 37 (2.8) 45 (3.1) 4 (1.5) 270 (2.4) 265 (4.3) 13 (2.3) 24 (2.2) 54 (3.0) 9 (1.9) 263 (3.2) 261 (4.2) 

Less than high school

completion .................... 216 (1.4) 207 (2.4) 50 (1.4) 33 (1.0) 16 (0.9) 1 (0.2) 211 (1.5) 208 (2.6) 45 (1.4) 29 (0.7) 25 (1.0) 2 (0.3) 209 (2.1) 211 (2.2) 

GED/high school

equivalency................... 265 (2.2) 260 (2.1) 10 (1.8) 45 (2.9) 43 (3.0) 3 (1.1) 259 (2.3) 257 (2.5) 13 (1.9) 30 (2.3) 53 (2.8) 4 (1.2) 265 (2.3) 265 (3.1) 

High school graduate.......... 268 (1.0) 262 (1.3) 13 (1.0) 39 (1.2) 44 (1.3) 4 (0.6) 261 (1.4) 258 (1.5) 13 (1.0) 29 (1.1) 52 (1.4) 5 (0.7) 267 (1.2) 269 (1.6) Vocational/trade/business ... 278 (2.1) 268 (2.7) 10 (1.8) 36 (2.6) 49 (2.7) 5 (1.5) 273 (2.0) 267 (2.5) 9 (1.5) 26 (2.3) 59 (2.7) 7 (1.7) 280 (2.2) 279 (2.2) Some college ...................... 292 (1.4) 287 (1.6) 5 (0.7) 25 (1.4) 59 (1.7) 11 (1.4) 288 (1.6) 280 (1.7) 5 (0.8) 19 (1.3) 65 (1.8) 10 (1.5) 295 (1.7) 294 (1.7) 

Associate’s degree.............. 306 (1.9) 298 (2.4) 4 (0.7) 20 (1.5) 56 (2.0) 19 (2.0) 301 (1.9) 291 (2.0) 3 (0.7) 15 (1.5) 66 (2.3) 16 (2.2) 305 (2.0) 305 (2.1) 

Bachelor’s degree ............... 325 (1.9) 314 (2.1) 3 (0.5) 14 (1.0) 53 (1.7) 31 (1.8) 317 (1.9) 303 (2.2) 2 (0.6) 11 (1.2) 62 (2.5) 25 (2.7) 324 (1.8) 323 (1.8) 

Graduate studies/degree .... 340 (2.0) 327 (2.8) 1 (0.4) 10 (1.2) 48 (2.3) 41 (2.6) 328 (1.9) 311 (2.2) 1 (0.4) 9 (1.1) 59 (2.6) 31 (2.8) 336 (2.1) 332 (2.1) 

Employment

Full-time .............................. 290 (1.3) 285 (1.5) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 286 (1.2) 281 (1.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 292 (1.3) 296 (1.1) 

Part-time ............................. 285 (1.7) 281 (2.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 279 (1.8) 277 (2.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 281 (1.7) 287 (2.2) 

Unemployed........................ 263 (2.3) 269 (2.8) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 261 (2.2) 265 (0.3) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 261 (3.2) 270 (3.6) Not in labor force................. 252 (1.4) 255 (1.7) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 244 (1.5) 250 (1.9) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 247 (1.9) 261 (1.8) 

Language spoken before

starting school

English only ........................ 282 (1.2) 283 (1.4) 9 (0.5) 27 (0.7) 49 (0.8) 15 (0.7) 275 (1.2) 276 (1.3) 9 (0.5) 21 (0.6) 56 (0.8) 13 (0.7) 280 (1.2) 289 (1.2) English and Spanish ........... 255 (2.9) 262 (3.1) 14 (2.1) 38 (2.2) 42 (2.4) 6 (1.3) 253 (3.6) 259 (3.4) 12 (2.5) 29 (3.0) 54 (3.8) 5 (1.8) 247 (4.6) 261 (3.8) 

English and other language 273 (4.0) 278 (3.1) 7 (1.5) 33 (2.8) 51 (3.1) 9 (2.1) 260 (4.5) 268 (3.2) 10 (2.0) 25 (2.3) 57 (2.9) 8 (2.0) 271 (5.6) 289 (4.1) 

Spanish............................... 205 (2.9) 188 (3.8) 61 (1.8) 25 (1.1) 13 (0.9) 1 (0.3) 216 (2.8) 199 (4.6) 49 (2.0) 25 (1.0) 23 (1.3) 3 (0.4) 212 (3.3) 211 (4.6) 

Other language ................... 239 (3.4) 249 (4.6) 26 (2.2) 33 (2.0) 34 (2.3) 7 (1.3) 241 (3.7) 257 (4.2) 20 (1.9) 24 (1.3) 46 (2.0) 10 (1.2) 246 (4.3) 270 (4.3) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.1Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score of parental education and occupations, and familyincome.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Totals incluDetail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in pSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stat1988 (NELS:88/92), “Second Follow-up, Student Survey, 1992”; and Educat“First Follow-up, Student Survey, 2004.” (This table was prepared December 

Table 394. Percentage of 12th-graders working different numbers of hours per week, by selected student characteristics and school locale type: 1992 and 2004Selected student characteristic and school locale type Total

Percentage distribution of students by average hours worked per week during senior year

Did not work

during year 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 15 16 to 20

More than 20

Total 21 to 25 26 to 30 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1992, total ................................................ 100.0 (†) 31.8 (—) 6.8 (—) 9.8 (—) 12.7 (—) 16.1 (—) 22.7 (—) 9.8 (—) 5.6 (—) 2

Sex

Male ...................................................... 100.0 (†) 33.0 (—) 6.0 (—) 8.9 (—) 11.1 (—) 15.0 (—) 26.0 (—) 10.2 (—) 6.5 (—) 3

Female.................................................. 100.0 (†) 30.7 (—) 7.6 (—) 10.7 (—) 14.4 (—) 17.2 (—) 19.5 (—) 9.5 (—) 4.8 (—) 1

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 100.0 (†) 27.6 (—) 7.0 (—) 11.2 (—) 14.1 (—) 17.3 (—) 22.8 (—) 10.0 (—) 5.5 (—) 2

Black ..................................................... 100.0 (†) 47.4 (—) 4.9 (—) 6.5 (—) 7.2 (—) 11.9 (—) 22.1 (—) 8.8 (—) 6.4 (—) 2

Hispanic ................................................ 100.0 (†) 38.9 (—) 6.0 (—) 5.3 (—) 11.3 (—) 13.3 (—) 25.2 (—) 10.7 (—) 6.6 (—) 2

Asian/Pacific Islander............................ 100.0 (†) 43.3 (—) 9.5 (—) 6.7 (—) 9.3 (—) 13.5 (—) 17.7 (—) 8.1 (—) 4.4 (—) 0

American Indian/Alaska Native............. 100.0 (†) 45.0 (—) 8.5 (—) 5.6 (—) 6.2 (—) 12.5 (—) 22.3 (—) 12.0 (—) 3.8 (—) 5

Socioeconomic status quarter1

Low ....................................................... 100.0 (†) 38.2 (—) 5.2 (—) 6.7 (—) 9.5 (—) 13.4 (—) 27.1 (—) 10.2 (—) 6.8 (—) 3

Middle low............................................. 100.0 (†) 29.8 (—) 5.5 (—) 8.3 (—) 11.9 (—) 18.6 (—) 25.9 (—) 10.9 (—) 6.4 (—) 3Middle high ........................................... 100.0 (†) 28.2 (—) 5.8 (—) 10.6 (—) 13.7 (—) 18.4 (—) 23.3 (—) 10.8 (—) 5.9 (—) 2

High ...................................................... 100.0 (†) 32.5 (—) 10.1 (—) 12.6 (—) 15.0 (—) 14.0 (—) 15.8 (—) 8.0 (—) 3.4 (—) 1

Locale type of school attended

Urban .................................................... 100.0 (†) 35.6 (—) 6.7 (—) 9.4 (—) 12.2 (—) 14.3 (—) 21.7 (—) 9.5 (—) 5.3 (—) 2

Suburban .............................................. 100.0 (†) 29.4 (—) 6.6 (—) 9.6 (—) 13.6 (—) 18.3 (—) 22.5 (—) 10.6 (—) 5.7 (—) 2

Rural ..................................................... 100.0 (†) 31.6 (—) 7.2 (—) 10.6 (—) 12.1 (—) 14.9 (—) 23.7 (—) 9.1 (—) 5.8 (—) 2

2004, total ................................................ 100.0 (†) 11.8 (0.38) 8.7 (0.38) 12.2 (0.42) 15.0 (0.39) 18.7 (0.50) 33.5 (0.63) 12.9 (0.40) 8.9 (0.35) 4

Sex

Male ...................................................... 100.0 (†) 12.1 (0.55) 8.2 (0.51) 11.2 (0.53) 13.3 (0.54) 18.4 (0.67) 36.9 (0.89) 12.9 (0.56) 9.4 (0.52) 4

Female.................................................. 100.0 (†) 11.6 (0.54) 9.3 (0.50) 13.1 (0.58) 16.7 (0.58) 19.0 (0.74) 30.2 (0.80) 13.0 (0.54) 8.3 (0.46) 4

Race/ethnicity

White..................................................... 100.0 (†) 10.9 (0.47) 8.5 (0.48) 13.2 (0.57) 16.3 (0.53) 19.1 (0.60) 31.9 (0.77) 13.1 (0.52) 8.1 (0.40) 4

Black ..................................................... 100.0 (†) 11.9 (0.94) 8.2 (0.85) 9.1 (0.86) 11.4 (0.94) 18.6 (1.30) 40.7 (1.59) 13.6 (1.11) 11.2 (1.16) 6

Hispanic ................................................ 100.0 (†) 13.4 (1.04) 8.4 (0.99) 9.3 (1.00) 12.4 (1.01) 17.6 (1.31) 39.0 (1.59) 12.3 (1.12) 11.6 (1.17) 6

Asian/Pacific Islander............................ 100.0 (†) 17.1 (1.90) 14.8 (1.87) 12.6 (1.28) 14.9 (1.68) 18.6 (2.06) 21.9 (1.86) 9.2 (1.17) 5.4 (1.01) 2American Indian/Alaska Native............. 100.0 (†) 21.3 (6.29) 14.0 (5.43) 10.8 (4.64) 13.3 (4.01) 18.0 (4.48) 22.6 (5.99) 12.3 (5.22) 3.7 (2.36) 

Socioeconomic status quarter1

Low ....................................................... 100.0 (†) 11.1 (0.78) 7.5 (0.65) 9.5 (0.74) 11.2 (0.78) 18.1 (0.98) 42.6 (1.19) 14.3 (0.88) 11.9 (0.84) 6

Middle low............................................. 100.0 (†) 10.2 (0.72) 7.0 (0.62) 10.8 (0.82) 13.7 (0.80) 19.7 (0.92) 38.5 (1.18) 14.5 (0.90) 9.6 (0.67) 5

Middle high ........................................... 100.0 (†) 10.2 (0.69) 8.0 (0.64) 11.7 (0.75) 15.7 (0.78) 19.8 (0.87) 34.5 (1.09) 14.0 (0.85) 9.4 (0.68) 4

High ...................................................... 100.0 (†) 15.3 (0.80) 11.8 (0.89) 15.7 (0.86) 18.2 (0.91) 17.3 (0.89) 21.7 (0.97) 9.7 (0.60) 5.5 (0.54) 2

Locale type of school attended

Urban .................................................... 100.0 (†) 13.6 (0.69) 10.2 (0.82) 12.7 (0.87) 14.2 (0.89) 16.6 (0.89) 32.8 (1.38) 12.2 (0.80) 9.7 (0.85) 4

Suburban .............................................. 100.0 (†) 10.4 (0.55) 8.8 (0.58) 12.5 (0.61) 16.2 (0.57) 19.6 (0.76) 32.5 (0.89) 13.7 (0.62) 8.4 (0.43) 3

Rural ..................................................... 100.0 (†) 10.9 (0.78) 8.0 (0.73) 12.8 (1.06) 15.4 (0.81) 19.6 (1.10) 33.2 (1.27) 13.2 (0.90) 8.2 (0.71) 4
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Recent High School and College Graduates Table 395. Labor force status of 2007, 2008, and 2009 high school completers, by sex, race/ethnicity, and college enrollment status: 2007, 2008, and 2009Selected characteristic

Civilian noninstitutional population Percentage distribution of population

Labor force

participation rate

of population1

Civilian labor force

Number

(in thousands) Percent

Percent of

high school

completers Employed

Unemployed

(seeking

employment)

Not in

labor force

Number (in thousands)

Total Employed 

Un

em

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2007 high school completers3

Total.............................................. 2,955 (113.0) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 44.2 (1.60) 7.6 (0.86) 48.2 (1.24) 51.8 (1.61) 1,531 (68.3) 1,307 (63.1) 224 

Male...................................................... 1,511 (80.7) 51.1 (1.99) 51.1 (1.99) 44.5 (2.20) 8.5 (1.23) 47.1 (2.21) 52.9 (2.21) 800 (48.5) 672 (44.5) 128 Female.................................................. 1,444 (79.0) 48.9 (1.99) 48.9 (1.99) 44.0 (2.18) 6.7 (1.10) 49.4 (2.19) 50.6 (2.19) 731 (44.9) 635 (41.9) 96 

White .................................................... 2,043 (93.4) 69.1 (1.84) 69.1 (1.84) 47.2 (1.93) 5.5 (0.89) 47.3 (1.50) 52.7 (1.93) 1,077 (57.3) 964 (54.2) 113 

Black..................................................... 416 (50.8) 14.1 (1.66) 14.1 (1.66) 36.2 (4.38) 18.4 (3.53) 45.4 (4.54) 54.6 (4.54) 227 (27.9) 151 (22.7) 77 

Hispanic................................................ 355 (61.8) 12.0 (2.02) 12.0 (2.02) 37.6 (4.78) 6.6 ! (2.44) 55.8 (4.90) 44.2 (4.90) 157 (23.2) 134 (21.4) 23 Enrolled in college, 2007 ...................... 1,986 (63.3) 100.0 (†) 67.2 (1.26) 35.9 (1.89) 3.9 (0.76) 60.3 (1.49) 39.7 (1.92) 789 (49.1) 712 (46.7) 77 

Male .................................................. 999 (44.9) 50.3 (1.64) 33.8 (1.27) 35.9 (2.62) 2.8 ! (0.90) 61.2 (2.66) 38.8 (2.66) 387 (33.9) 359 (32.6) 28 

Female.............................................. 986 (44.6) 49.7 (1.64) 33.4 (1.27) 35.8 (2.55) 4.9 (1.15) 59.3 (2.61) 40.7 (2.61) 402 (33.4) 353 (31.3) 49 2-year................................................ 711 (38.6) 35.8 (1.57) 24.1 (1.15) 49.0 (3.28) 5.7 (1.53) 45.3 (2.53) 54.7 (3.27) 389 (34.5) 349 (32.7) 41 4-year................................................ 1,274 (51.2) 64.2 (1.57) 43.1 (1.33) 28.5 (2.22) 2.9 (0.82) 68.6 (1.76) 31.4 (2.28) 400 (35.0) 363 (33.4) 36 

Full-time students ............................. 1,851 (61.2) 93.2 (0.82) 62.6 (1.30) 33.5 (1.92) 3.8 (0.78) 62.7 (1.52) 37.3 (1.97) 691 (46.0) 621 (43.6) 70 

Part-time students............................. 135 (16.9) 6.8 (0.82) 4.6 (0.56) 67.7 (7.05) 4.9 ! (3.28) 27.3 (5.19) 72.7 (6.72) 98 (17.3) 91 (16.7) 7 

White................................................. 1,421 (53.3) 71.5 (1.48) 48.1 (1.34) 37.2 (2.25) 3.7 (0.88) 59.2 (1.77) 40.8 (2.28) 580 (42.1) 528 (40.2) 52 

Black ................................................. 232 (23.1) 11.7 (1.12) 7.9 (0.77) 32.0 (5.69) 5.4 ! (2.76) 62.6 (5.90) 37.4 (5.90) 87 (17.3) 74 (16.0) 13 

Hispanic ............................................ 227 (24.5) 11.4 (1.18) 7.7 (0.81) 34.5 (5.86) 1.4 ! (1.46) 64.1 (5.92) 35.9 (5.92) 82 (16.8) 78 (16.4) 3 

Not enrolled in college, 2007 ................ 970 (44.9) 100.0 (†) 32.8 (1.26) 61.3 (2.74) 15.2 (2.03) 23.4 (1.84) 76.6 (2.38) 742 (47.6) 595 (42.7) 147 

Male .................................................. 512 (32.6) 52.8 (2.34) 17.3 (1.02) 61.1 (3.71) 19.5 (3.02) 19.4 (3.01) 80.6 (3.01) 413 (34.9) 313 (30.4) 100 

Female.............................................. 458 (30.8) 47.2 (2.34) 15.5 (0.97) 61.6 (3.79) 10.4 (2.38) 28.0 (3.50) 72.0 (3.50) 330 (30.2) 282 (28.0) 48 

White................................................. 623 (35.9) 64.2 (2.25) 21.1 (1.10) 70.0 (3.22) 9.7 (2.09) 20.2 (2.18) 79.8 (2.82) 497 (39.0) 436 (36.5) 61 Black ................................................. 184 (20.7) 19.0 (1.96) 6.2 (0.69) 41.5 (6.75) 34.8 (6.52) 23.7 (5.82) 76.3 (5.82) 141 (22.0) 76 (16.2) 64 

Hispanic ............................................ 128 (18.6) 13.2 (1.80) 4.3 (0.62) 43.2 (8.14) 15.7 ! (5.98) 41.1 (8.08) 58.9 (8.08) 75 (16.1) 55 (13.8) 20 

2008 high school completers3

Total.............................................. 3,151 (116.3) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 41.6 (1.54) 10.6 (0.96) 47.8 (1.20) 52.2 (1.56) 1,644 (70.7) 1,310 (63.2) 334 

Male...................................................... 1,640 (83.8) 52.1 (1.93) 52.1 (1.93) 39.1 (2.08) 11.3 (1.35) 49.6 (2.13) 50.4 (2.13) 827 (49.3) 641 (43.5) 186 Female.................................................. 1,511 (80.6) 47.9 (1.93) 47.9 (1.93) 44.2 (2.13) 9.8 (1.28) 45.9 (2.14) 54.1 (2.14) 817 (47.4) 668 (43.0) 148 

White .................................................... 2,091 (94.4) 66.3 (1.82) 66.3 (1.82) 44.7 (1.90) 9.9 (1.15) 45.4 (1.47) 54.6 (1.91) 1,141 (59.0) 934 (53.4) 207 

Black..................................................... 416 (50.8) 13.2 (1.56) 13.2 (1.56) 34.8 (4.34) 12.7 (3.03) 52.5 (4.55) 47.5 (4.55) 198 (26.0) 145 (22.3) 53 

Hispanic................................................ 458 (69.5) 14.5 (2.11) 14.5 (2.11) 40.4 (4.26) 13.3 (2.95) 46.3 (4.33) 53.7 (4.33) 246 (28.9) 185 (25.1) 61 

Enrolled in college, 2008 ...................... 2,161 (65.9) 100.0 (†) 68.6 (1.21) 35.0 (1.80) 6.1 (0.91) 58.9 (1.43) 41.1 (1.85) 888 (52.1) 756 (48.1) 132 

Male .................................................. 1,080 (46.6) 50.0 (1.57) 34.3 (1.23) 30.3 (2.41) 5.7 (1.22) 64.0 (2.52) 36.0 (2.52) 389 (33.9) 327 (31.1) 62 Female.............................................. 1,081 (46.6) 50.0 (1.57) 34.3 (1.23) 39.6 (2.48) 6.5 (1.25) 53.9 (2.53) 46.1 (2.53) 499 (37.1) 428 (34.4) 70 2-year................................................ 871 (42.6) 40.3 (1.54) 27.7 (1.16) 48.1 (2.96) 7.9 (1.60) 44.1 (2.28) 55.9 (2.95) 488 (38.6) 419 (35.8) 69 4-year................................................ 1,290 (51.5) 59.7 (1.54) 40.9 (1.28) 26.1 (2.14) 4.9 (1.06) 69.0 (1.74) 31.0 (2.26) 400 (35.0) 337 (32.1) 64 

Full-time students ............................. 2,013 (63.7) 93.1 (0.79) 63.9 (1.25) 32.9 (1.83) 5.6 (0.90) 61.5 (1.47) 38.5 (1.90) 775 (48.7) 662 (45.0) 113 

Part-time students............................. 149 (17.8) 6.9 (0.79) 4.7 (0.55) 62.8 (6.94) 13.2 ! (4.88) 24.1 (4.75) 75.9 (6.14) 113 (18.6) 93 (16.9) 20 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.!Interpret data with caution.1The labor force participation rate is the percentage of persons who are either employed or seeking employment. 2The labor force includes all employed persons plus those seeking employment. The unemployment rate is the percentage of persons in the labor force who are not working and who made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks.3Includes 16- to 24-year-olds who completed high school between October of the previous year and October of the given year.Includes recipients of equivalency credentials as well as diploma recipients.

NOTE: Enrollment data are for October of given year. Data are based on sample 

Percentages are only shown when the base is 75,000 or greater. Totals include ra

ries exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Stable was prepared August 2010.)

White................................................. 1,499 (54.6) 69.3 (1.45) 47.6 (1.30) 37.6 (2.19) 5.8 (1.06) 56.7 (1.73) 43.3 (2.24) 649 (44.6) 563 (41.5) 86 

Black ................................................. 232 (23.1) 10.7 (1.03) 7.4 (0.72) 27.3 (5.44) 5.8 ! (2.84) 66.9 (5.75) 33.1 (5.75) 77 (16.2) 63 (14.8) 13 

Hispanic ............................................ 292 (27.7) 13.5 (1.22) 9.3 (0.86) 34.7 (5.17) 9.9 ! (3.25) 55.4 (5.40) 44.6 (5.40) 130 (21.2) 101 (18.7) 29 

Not enrolled in college, 2008 ................ 989 (45.3) 100.0 (†) 31.4 (1.21) 56.0 (2.76) 20.4 (2.25) 23.6 (1.83) 76.4 (2.37) 756 (48.1) 554 (41.2) 202 

Male .................................................. 560 (34.0) 56.6 (2.30) 17.8 (0.99) 56.1 (3.62) 22.1 (3.02) 21.9 (3.01) 78.1 (3.01) 438 (36.0) 314 (30.5) 124 

Female.............................................. 430 (29.9) 43.4 (2.30) 13.6 (0.89) 55.9 (4.00) 18.2 (3.11) 25.9 (3.53) 74.1 (3.53) 318 (29.7) 240 (25.8) 78 

White................................................. 592 (35.1) 59.8 (2.28) 18.8 (1.02) 62.7 (3.48) 20.5 (2.92) 16.9 (2.08) 83.1 (2.70) 492 (38.8) 371 (33.7) 121 

Black ................................................. 184 (20.7) 18.6 (1.92) 5.9 (0.65) 44.2 (6.80) 21.4 (5.61) 34.4 (6.50) 65.6 (6.50) 121 (20.4) 81 (16.7) 39 

Hispanic ............................................ 165 (21.0) 16.7 (1.96) 5.2 (0.66) 50.5 (7.23) 19.4 (5.72) 30.1 (6.63) 69.9 (6.63) 115 (19.9) 83 (16.9) 32 

2009 high school completers3

Total.............................................. 2,937 (112.6) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 36.1 (1.55) 14.3 (1.14) 49.5 (1.25) 50.5 (1.62) 1,482 (67.2) 1,062 (56.9) 421 

Male...................................................... 1,407 (78.1) 47.9 (2.00) 47.9 (2.00) 36.5 (2.21) 15.0 (1.64) 48.5 (2.30) 51.5 (2.30) 724 (46.2) 513 (38.9) 211 Female.................................................. 1,531 (81.1) 52.1 (2.00) 52.1 (2.00) 35.8 (2.04) 13.7 (1.47) 50.5 (2.13) 49.5 (2.13) 758 (45.7) 549 (38.9) 210 White .................................................... 1,863 (89.6) 63.4 (1.92) 63.4 (1.92) 40.6 (1.99) 13.5 (1.39) 45.9 (1.56) 54.1 (2.02) 1,009 (55.5) 757 (48.1) 252 

Black..................................................... 415 (50.8) 14.1 (1.67) 14.1 (1.67) 24.3 (3.91) 16.9 (3.42) 58.8 (4.49) 41.2 (4.49) 171 (24.2) 101 (18.6) 70 Hispanic................................................ 459 (69.6) 15.6 (2.26) 15.6 (2.26) 31.9 (4.05) 15.0 (3.10) 53.1 (4.33) 46.9 (4.33) 215 (27.1) 146 (22.4) 69 

Enrolled in college, 2009 ...................... 2,058 (64.4) 100.0 (†) 70.1 (1.23) 32.1 (1.80) 10.0 (1.16) 57.9 (1.47) 42.1 (1.91) 867 (51.4) 662 (45.0) 205 

Male .................................................. 928 (43.4) 45.1 (1.60) 31.6 (1.25) 31.7 (2.63) 9.1 (1.62) 59.2 (2.78) 40.8 (2.78) 379 (33.5) 294 (29.5) 84 Female.............................................. 1,130 (47.6) 54.9 (1.60) 38.5 (1.31) 32.5 (2.32) 10.7 (1.53) 56.8 (2.46) 43.2 (2.46) 488 (36.8) 367 (31.9) 121 

2-year................................................ 813 (41.2) 39.5 (1.57) 27.7 (1.21) 43.9 (3.05) 15.4 (2.22) 40.8 (2.33) 59.2 (3.02) 482 (38.4) 357 (33.0) 125 

4-year................................................ 1,245 (50.6) 60.5 (1.57) 42.4 (1.33) 24.5 (2.13) 6.4 (1.22) 69.1 (1.77) 30.9 (2.29) 385 (34.3) 305 (30.6) 80 

Full-time students ............................. 1,885 (61.8) 91.6 (0.89) 64.2 (1.29) 29.6 (1.84) 9.1 (1.17) 61.3 (1.52) 38.7 (1.96) 729 (47.2) 558 (41.3) 172 

Part-time students............................. 173 (19.2) 8.4 (0.89) 5.9 (0.63) 60.1 (6.52) 19.2 (5.27) 20.7 (4.17) 79.3 (5.39) 137 (20.5) 104 (17.9) 33 

White................................................. 1,329 (51.7) 64.6 (1.54) 45.2 (1.34) 34.8 (2.29) 9.6 (1.42) 55.6 (1.85) 44.4 (2.39) 591 (42.5) 463 (37.6) 128 

Black ................................................. 289 (25.7) 14.0 (1.19) 9.8 (0.85) 23.4 (4.63) 10.6 ! (3.37) 66.0 (5.18) 34.0 (5.18) 98 (18.4) 68 (15.3) 31 

Hispanic ............................................ 272 (26.8) 13.2 (1.24) 9.3 (0.89) 29.9 (5.16) 9.0 ! (3.23) 61.0 (5.49) 39.0 (5.49) 106 (19.1) 81 (16.7) 25 

Not enrolled in college, 2009 ................ 879 (42.8) 100.0 (†) 29.9 (1.23) 45.5 (2.94) 24.5 (2.55) 30.0 (2.09) 70.0 (2.71) 616 (43.4) 400 (35.0) 216 

Male .................................................. 478 (31.5) 54.4 (2.45) 16.3 (0.99) 45.7 (3.93) 26.5 (3.48) 27.8 (3.53) 72.2 (3.53) 345 (32.0) 219 (25.5) 127 

Female.............................................. 401 (28.9) 45.6 (2.45) 13.6 (0.92) 45.2 (4.15) 22.2 (3.46) 32.6 (3.90) 67.4 (3.90) 270 (27.4) 181 (22.4) 89 

White................................................. 534 (33.3) 60.8 (2.40) 18.2 (1.04) 55.1 (3.77) 23.2 (3.21) 21.7 (2.41) 78.3 (3.12) 418 (35.8) 294 (30.0) 124 

Black ................................................. 126 (17.2) 14.4 (1.84) 4.3 (0.58) 26.4 (7.29) 31.3 (7.66) 42.3 (8.17) 57.7 (8.17) 73 (15.8) 33 ! (10.7) 39 

Hispanic ............................................ 186 (22.3) 21.2 (2.28) 6.3 (0.75) 34.9 (6.49) 23.6 (5.78) 41.5 (6.71) 58.5 (6.71) 109 (19.4) 65 (15.0) 44 

Table 395. Labor force status of 2007, 2008, and 2009 high school completers, by sex, race/ethnicity, and college enrollment status: 2007, 2008, and 2009—ContiSelected characteristic

Civilian noninstitutional population Percentage distribution of population

Labor force

participation rate

of population1

Civilian labor force

Number

(in thousands) Percent

Percent of

high school

completers Employed

Unemployed

(seeking

employment)

Not in

labor force

Number (in thousands)

Total Employed 

Un

em

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
580 CHAPTER 5: Outcomes of Education

Recent High School and College Graduates

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1The labor force participation rate is the percentage of persons who are either employed or seeking employment.

2The labor force includes all employed persons plus those seeking employment. The unemployment rate is the percentage of persons in the labor force who are not working and who made

specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks..

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional population. Dropouts

are considered persons 16 to 24 years old who dropped out of school in the 12-month period

ending in October of years shown. Includes dropouts from any grade, including a small number

from elementary and middle schools. Percentages are only shown when the base is 75,000 or

greater. Totals include race categories not separately shown. Race categories exclude persons

of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear

in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS),

October, selected years, 1980 through 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

Table 396. Labor force status of high school dropouts, by sex and race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1980 through 2009

Year, sex, and 

race/ethnicity

Number of

dropouts

(in thousands)

Percent of all

dropouts

Percentage distribution of dropouts Labor force

participation

rate of

dropouts1

Dropouts in civilian labor force2

Dropouts

not in

labor force

(in thousands)

Number (in thousands)

Unemployment

Employed rate

Unemployed

(seeking

employment)

Not in

labor force Total

Unemployed

(seeking

employment)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

All dropouts

1980.................... 738 (44.0) 100.0 (†) 43.8 (2.97) 20.0 (2.37) 36.2 (2.87) 63.8 (2.87) 471 (35.2) 148 (19.5) 31.4 (3.44) 267 (26.5)

1985.................... 610 (42.3) 100.0 (†) 43.5 (3.45) 24.0 (2.94) 32.5 (3.25) 67.5 (3.25) 412 (34.8) 147 (20.6) 35.6 (4.01) 198 (24.1)

1990.................... 412 (36.0) 100.0 (†) 46.3 (4.37) 21.6 (3.57) 32.2 (4.09) 67.8 (4.09) 279 (29.7) 89 (16.6) 31.8 (4.90) 132 (20.4)

1995.................... 604 (43.6) 100.0 (†) 47.7 (3.61) 20.0 (2.86) 32.3 (3.38) 67.7 (3.38) 409 (35.9) 121 (19.3) 29.6 (3.97) 195 (24.8)

2000.................... 515 (28.5) 100.0 (†) 48.7 (2.77) 19.2 (3.01) 32.0 (2.59) 68.0 (2.59) 350 (23.5) 99 (17.2) 28.1 (4.16) 165 (16.2)

2004.................... 496 (39.0) 100.0 (†) 32.5 (3.68) 21.4 (3.19) 46.3 (3.03) 53.7 (3.92) 267 (28.6) 106 (17.8) 39.9 (5.20) 229 (20.5)

2005.................... 407 (35.3) 100.0 (†) 38.3 (4.22) 18.9 (3.42) 42.8 (3.32) 57.2 (4.30) 233 (26.7) 77 (15.4) 32.9 (5.42) 174 (17.9)

2006.................... 445 (36.9) 100.0 (†) 40.3 (4.07) 12.5 (2.75) 47.2 (3.20) 52.8 (4.15) 235 (26.8) 55 (13.1) 23.6 (4.87) 210 (19.6)

2007.................... 426 (36.1) 100.0 (†) 41.1 (4.17) 15.1 (3.05) 43.8 (3.25) 56.2 (4.21) 239 (27.1) 64 (14.1) 26.9 (5.04) 187 (18.5)

2008.................... 400 (35.0) 100.0 (†) 29.3 (3.98) 19.1 (3.46) 51.6 (3.38) 48.4 (4.38) 194 (24.4) 77 (15.4) 39.5 (6.18) 206 (19.4)

2009.................... 383 (34.3) 100.0 (†) 21.8 (3.69) 26.7 (3.98) 51.5 (3.46) 48.5 (4.47) 186 (23.9) 103 (17.8) 55.1 (6.42) 198 (19.0)

Male

1980.................... 422 (32.5) 57.2 (2.89) 50.3 (3.86) 22.0 (3.20) 27.7 (3.45) 72.3 (3.45) 305 (27.7) 93 (15.3) 30.5 (4.18) 117 (17.1)

1985.................... 319 (29.9) 52.3 (3.39) 50.8 (4.69) 30.6 (4.32) 18.6 (3.65) 81.4 (3.65) 260 (27.0) 98 (16.6) 37.6 (5.04) 59 (12.9)

1990.................... 217 (25.6) 52.8 (4.27) 51.3 (5.89) 28.0 (5.29) 20.7 (4.77) 79.3 (4.77) 172 (22.8) 61 (13.5) 35.3 (6.32) 45 (11.6)

1995.................... 339 (31.5) 56.2 (3.45) 52.8 (4.64) 21.3 (3.80) 26.0 (4.07) 74.0 (4.07) 251 (27.1) 72 (14.5) 28.7 (4.88) 88 (16.1)

2000.................... 295 (29.3) 57.3 (3.73) 56.3 (4.94) 18.3 (3.85) 25.6 (4.35) 74.4 (4.35) 220 (25.3) 54 (12.6) 24.5 (4.96) 76 (14.9)

2004.................... 278 (28.7) 56.0 (3.84) 35.6 (4.95) 24.1 (4.42) 40.1 (5.07) 59.9 (5.07) 166 (22.2) 67 (14.1) 40.4 (6.56) 112 (18.2)

2005.................... 227 (25.9) 55.8 (4.24) 38.3 (5.56) 21.6 (4.71) 40.3 (5.61) 59.7 (5.61) 136 (20.1) 49 (12.1) 35.9 (7.09) 91 (16.4)

2006.................... 256 (27.6) 57.6 (4.04) 46.3 (5.37) 11.2 ! (3.39) 42.5 (5.32) 57.5 (5.32) 147 (20.9) 29 ! (9.2) 19.4 (5.62) 109 (18.0)

2007.................... 233 (26.3) 54.6 (4.16) 41.4 (5.57) 19.0 (4.43) 39.6 (5.53) 60.4 (5.53) 141 (20.4) 44 (11.5) 31.5 (6.75) 92 (16.5)

2008.................... 191 (23.8) 47.6 (4.30) 29.3 (5.69) 24.6 (5.38) 46.1 (6.22) 53.9 (6.22) 103 (17.5) 47 (11.8) 45.6 (8.47) 88 (16.1)

2009.................... 205 (24.6) 53.4 (4.39) 27.5 (5.37) 33.5 (5.68) 39.1 (5.88) 60.9 (5.88) 125 (19.2) 69 (14.3) 54.9 (7.68) 80 (15.4)

Female

1980.................... 316 (27.0) 42.8 (2.77) 35.0 (4.08) 17.4 (3.24) 47.6 (4.28) 52.4 (4.28) 165 (19.6) 55 (11.3) 33.2 (5.57) 150 (18.7)

1985.................... 291 (27.4) 47.7 (3.25) 35.5 (4.51) 16.8 (3.52) 47.8 (4.71) 52.2 (4.71) 152 (19.8) 49 (11.2) 32.1 (6.09) 139 (18.9)

1990.................... 194 (23.2) 47.2 (4.10) 40.6 (5.87) 14.4 (4.19) 45.0 (5.94) 55.0 (5.94) 107 (17.2) 28 ! (8.8) 26.1 (7.08) 87 (15.6)

1995.................... 265 (26.6) 43.8 (3.31) 41.1 (4.96) 18.4 (3.91) 40.5 (4.95) 59.5 (4.95) 157 (20.6) 49 (11.5) 30.9 (6.05) 107 (17.0)

2000.................... 220 (24.3) 42.7 (3.58) 39.1 (5.40) 20.5 (4.46) 40.6 (5.43) 59.4 (5.43) 131 (18.8) 45 (11.0) 34.2 (6.80) 90 (15.6)

2004.................... 218 (24.6) 44.0 (3.72) 28.0 (5.07) 17.9 (4.33) 54.1 (5.63) 45.9 (5.63) 100 (16.7) 39 (10.4) 38.9 (8.13) 118 (18.1)

2005.................... 180 (22.4) 44.2 (4.11) 38.3 (6.04) 15.6 (4.51) 46.0 (6.20) 54.0 (6.20) 97 (16.4) 28 ! (8.8) 28.8 (7.67) 83 (15.2)

2006.................... 189 (22.9) 42.4 (3.91) 32.3 (5.68) 14.2 (4.24) 53.5 (6.06) 46.5 (6.06) 88 (15.6) 27 ! (8.6) 30.6 (8.21) 101 (16.8)

2007.................... 193 (23.2) 45.4 (4.02) 40.6 (5.89) 10.4 ! (3.66) 48.9 (5.99) 51.1 (5.99) 99 (16.6) 20 ! (7.5) 20.4 ! (6.76) 95 (16.2)

2008.................... 210 (24.1) 52.4 (4.16) 29.2 (5.24) 14.2 (4.02) 56.6 (5.71) 43.4 (5.71) 91 (15.9) 30 ! (9.1) 32.7 (8.20) 119 (18.2)

2009.................... 179 (22.3) 46.6 (4.25) 15.2 (4.48) 19.0 (4.90) 65.8 (5.92) 34.2 (5.92) 61 (13.0) 34 (9.7) ‡ (†) 117 (18.1)

White

1980.................... 489 (35.9) 66.2 (2.83) 50.3 (3.67) 18.0 (2.79) 31.7 (3.42) 68.3 (3.42) 334 (29.7) 88 (15.1) 26.3 (3.87) 155 (20.2)

1985.................... 354 (32.3) 58.1 (3.43) 49.2 (4.56) 23.3 (3.82) 27.5 (4.07) 72.5 (4.07) 257 (27.5) 83 (15.4) 32.2 (4.95) 98 (16.9)

1990.................... 242 (27.6) 58.8 (4.31) 56.3 (5.67) 18.7 (4.41) 25.0 (4.95) 75.0 (4.95) 181 (23.9) 45 (11.8) 25.0 (5.65) 60 (13.8)

1995.................... 316 (31.6) 52.3 (3.61) 51.6 (5.00) 18.3 (3.83) 30.1 (4.59) 69.9 (4.59) 221 (26.4) 58 (13.4) 26.2 (5.21) 95 (17.3)

2000.................... 288 (21.4) 55.9 (2.76) 60.2 (3.63) 16.5 (3.79) 23.4 (3.14) 76.6 (3.14) 221 (18.7) 47 (11.9) 21.5 (4.79) 67 (10.3)

2004.................... 239 (27.1) 48.2 (3.93) 36.1 (5.44) 14.9 (4.05) 49.0 (5.66) 51.0 (5.66) 122 (19.3) 36 (10.5) 29.2 (7.25) 117 (18.9)

2005.................... 194 (24.4) 47.6 (4.34) 40.3 (6.17) 20.0 (5.05) 39.7 (6.16) 60.3 (6.16) 117 (18.9) 39 (10.9) 33.2 (7.67) 77 (15.4)

2006.................... 214 (25.6) 48.0 (4.15) 48.9 (5.99) 8.2 ! (3.31) 42.8 (5.93) 57.2 (5.93) 122 (19.4) 18 ! (7.4) 14.4 ! (5.59) 92 (16.8)

2007.................... 178 (23.4) 41.8 (4.18) 40.8 (6.45) 11.4 ! (4.19) 47.7 (6.56) 52.3 (6.56) 93 (16.9) 20 ! (7.9) 21.8 ! (7.54) 85 (16.1)

2008.................... 152 (21.6) 38.1 (4.25) 38.6 (6.90) 20.6 (5.76) 40.9 (6.97) 59.1 (6.97) 90 (16.6) 31 ! (9.8) 34.8 (8.83) 62 (13.8)

2009.................... 164 (22.5) 42.9 (4.43) 33.9 (6.47) 24.1 (5.87) 42.0 (6.74) 58.0 (6.74) 95 (17.1) 40 (11.1) 41.5 (8.88) 69 (14.6)

Black

1980.................... 141 (19.9) 19.1 (2.43) 20.9 (5.77) 28.4 (6.40) 50.7 (7.09) 49.3 (7.09) 69 (14.0) 40 (10.6) ‡ (†) 71 (14.2)

1985.................... 130 (20.2) 21.4 (2.95) 29.9 (7.13) 22.7 (6.52) 47.5 (7.78) 52.5 (7.78) 68 (14.7) 30 ! (9.7) ‡ (†) 62 (14.0)

1990.................... 82 (16.6) 19.9 (3.62) 30.9 ! (9.42) 35.2 (9.74) 33.9 (9.64) 66.1 (9.64) 54 (13.5) 29 ! (9.9) ‡ (†) 28 ! (9.7)

1995.................... 104 (18.5) 17.2 (2.79) 33.5 (8.40) 25.8 ! (7.78) 40.8 (8.75) 59.2 (8.75) 62 (14.2) 27 ! (9.4) ‡ (†) 42 (11.8)

2000.................... 106 (18.7) 20.6 (3.24) 26.7 (7.79) 25.5 ! (7.68) 47.8 (8.80) 52.2 (8.80) 55 (13.5) 27 ! (9.4) ‡ (†) 51 (12.9)

2004.................... 86 (17.2) 17.3 (3.16) 9.9 ! (5.99) 44.9 (9.97) 45.2 (9.98) 54.8 (9.98) 47 (12.7) 39 (11.5) ‡ (†) 39 (11.6)

2005.................... 108 (19.3) 26.5 (4.07) 26.5 (7.89) 16.0 ! (6.56) 57.5 (8.84) 42.5 (8.84) 46 (12.6) 17 ! (7.7) ‡ (†) 62 (14.6)

2006.................... 69 (15.4) 15.5 (3.19) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 36 ! (11.2) 17 ! (7.6) ‡ (†) 33 ! (10.6)

2007.................... 73 (15.9) 17.2 (3.40) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 43 (12.2) 17 ! (7.6) ‡ (†) 30 ! (10.2)

2008.................... 109 (19.4) 27.3 (4.14) 18.1 ! (6.84) 15.0 ! (6.34) 67.0 (8.36) 33.0 (8.36) 36 ! (11.2) 16 ! (7.5) ‡ (†) 73 (15.9)

2009.................... 77 (16.2) 20.0 (3.80) 5.1 ! (4.66) 38.6 (10.33) 56.4 (10.53) 43.6 (10.53) 33 ! (10.7) 30 ! (10.1) ‡ (†) 43 (12.2)

Hispanic

1980.................... 91 (18.9) 12.3 (2.41) 47.2 (10.42) 17.9 ! (8.00) 34.8 (9.94) 65.2 (9.94) 59 (15.3) 16 ! (8.0) ‡ (†) 32 ! (11.2)

1985.................... 105 (18.2) 17.3 (2.72) 37.9 (8.41) 32.0 (8.09) 30.1 (7.95) 69.9 (7.95) 74 (15.2) 34 ! (10.3) ‡ (†) 32 ! (10.0)

1990.................... 72 (15.6) 17.4 (3.44) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 32 ! (10.5) 10 ! (5.9) ‡ (†) 39 (11.5)

1995.................... 174 (23.8) 28.8 (3.34) 48.5 (6.88) 20.1 (5.52) 31.4 (6.40) 68.6 (6.40) 119 (19.7) 35 ! (10.7) 29.3 (7.57) 55 (13.4)

2000.................... 101 (18.2) 19.6 (3.18) 39.0 (8.83) 22.2 ! (7.52) 38.9 (8.82) 61.1 (8.82) 62 (14.2) 22 ! (8.6) ‡ (†) 39 (11.3)

2004.................... 154 (23.0) 31.0 (3.86) 39.3 (7.32) 17.4 ! (5.68) 43.2 (7.42) 56.8 (7.42) 87 (17.3) 27 ! (9.6) 30.7 (9.17) 67 (15.1)

2005.................... 86 (17.2) 21.1 (3.76) 45.1 (9.96) 19.2 ! (7.89) 35.7 (9.59) 64.3 (9.59) 55 (13.8) 17 ! (7.6) ‡ (†) 31 ! (10.3)

2006.................... 136 (21.6) 30.5 (4.06) 35.3 (7.62) 12.6 ! (5.29) 52.2 (7.97) 47.8 (7.97) 65 (15.0) 17 ! (7.7) ‡ (†) 71 (15.6)

2007.................... 119 (20.3) 28.0 (4.04) 37.6 (8.24) 23.0 ! (7.16) 39.5 (8.32) 60.5 (8.32) 72 (15.8) 27 ! (9.7) ‡ (†) 47 (12.7)

2008.................... 111 (19.6) 27.8 (4.16) 31.9 (8.21) 24.5 ! (7.58) 43.7 (8.74) 56.3 (8.74) 63 (14.7) 27 ! (9.7) ‡ (†) 49 (12.9)

2009.................... 115 (19.9) 30.1 (4.35) 17.2 ! (6.53) 27.9 (7.77) 54.9 (8.61) 45.1 (8.61) 52 (13.4) 32 ! (10.5) ‡ (†) 63 (14.8)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.!Interpret data with caution.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes disability categories not shown separately.2Other health impairments include having limited strength, vitality, or alertness that is due to chronic or acute health problems

(such as a heart condition, rheumatic fever, asthma, hemophilia, and leukemia) and that adversely affects educational performance.

3Among students who had ever attended the type of institution specified, the percentage who received a diploma, certificate,or license.4Living independently includes living alone, with a spouse or roommate, in a college dormitory, in Job Corps housing, or inmilitary housing as a service member.

5Competitively employed refers to those receiving more than minimum wage aity of workers are not disabled.NOTE: Data based on students who had been out of high school up to 6 yeattended special or regular schools in the 1999-2000 or 2000-01 school yegraduation percentages between 2007 and 2009 may be due to inconsistent of respondents for the 2009 survey wave. Some data have been revised from appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, NaNational Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), Waves 4 and 5, 2007 and prepared July 2010.)

Table 397. Among special education students out of high school up to 8 years, percentage attending and completing postsecondary education, living independe

type of disability: 2007 and 2009

Year, postsecondary status and institution type, and living and employment status All disabilities1

Specific

learning

disabilities

Speech or

language

impairments

Mental

retardation

Emotional

disturbance

Hearing

impairments

Orthopedic

impairments

Other health

impairments2

Visual

impairments

Multiple

disabilities D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2007 (out of high school up to 

6 years)

Ever attended institution

Any postsecondary .................. 55.0 (2.62) 60.9 (3.88) 63.0 (3.77) 28.2 (3.65) 44.6 (4.36) 70.9 (4.61) 59.8 (4.59) 56.9 (4.14) 70.8 (5.23) 31.3 (5.28) 4

4-year....................................... 14.7 (1.87) 15.6 (2.89) 29.8 (3.57) 6.2 ! (1.96) 7.7 ! (2.34) 31.4 (4.71) 22.5 (3.91) 19.5 (3.31) 42.8 (5.70) 8.0 ! (3.08) 12-year....................................... 37.3 (2.55) 40.8 (3.91) 41.0 (3.84) 21.2 (3.32) 30.0 (4.02) 44.9 (5.05) 45.5 (4.66) 44.6 (4.16) 47.0 (5.74) 17.2 (4.29) 2

Vocational/technical ................. 28.3 (2.37) 31.4 (3.69) 20.3 (3.14) 16.0 (2.97) 27.5 (3.92) 37.8 (4.92) 21.5 (3.84) 28.1 (3.76) 21.2 (4.71) 14.8 (4.04) 1

Graduation rate, by type of 

institution3

Any postsecondary .................. 38.4 (4.41) 37.5 (6.13) 48.4 (6.64) 40.0 (10.17) 41.1 (7.55) 38.9 (8.80) 35.7 (7.55) 33.8 (6.09) 49.7 (9.35) 32.1 ! (10.55) 

4-year....................................... 29.4 (8.30) ‡ (†) 39.8 ! (12.46) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 37.2 ! (13.80) 35.7 ! (16.18) 13.8 ! (9.29) 58.7 (13.84) ‡ (†) 

2-year....................................... 29.7 (4.83) 29.4 (6.81) 40.2 (7.79) 28.1 ! (11.70) 26.7 ! (8.47) 30.6 ! (10.78) 23.1 ! (8.41) 32.6 (6.63) 42.9 (11.33) 13.3 ! (8.66) 

Vocational/technical ................. 54.6 (7.22) 55.1 (9.66) 69.8 (10.43) 50.3 ! (15.09) 56.5 (11.38) 33.0 ! (14.56) 44.4 (11.95) 47.1 (11.65) 50.9 ! (19.67) ‡ (†) 

Living independently4................... 35.7 (2.53) 40.6 (3.91) 30.4 (3.60) 21.2 (3.32) 34.4 (4.17) 28.5 (4.60) 14.0 (3.26) 30.8 (3.86) 31.3 (5.35) 10.6 ! (3.51) 1

Competitively employed5

Currently .................................. 61.1 (2.86) 70.4 (4.12) 61.4 (4.17) 31.6 (4.22) 53.2 (4.94) 49.4 (5.85) 26.2 (4.36) 60.3 (4.51) 34.4 (5.98) 31.6 (6.13) 1

In the past 2 years ................... 78.6 (2.27) 85.9 (2.92) 78.8 (3.30) 49.8 (4.32) 78.9 (3.77) 70.3 (4.93) 42.8 (4.62) 78.8 (3.54) 54.6 (5.97) 41.0 (5.99) 2

2009 (out of high school up to 

8 years)

Ever attended institution

Any postsecondary .................. 59.2 (2.64) 65.3 (3.93) 67.0 (3.62) 29.5 (3.62) 53.0 (4.53) 74.8 (4.24) 62.0 (4.42) 65.2 (4.05) 70.7 (5.01) 33.2 (5.09) 5

4-year....................................... 18.4 (2.08) 20.9 (3.36) 30.9 (3.56) 6.2 ! (1.92) 11.0 (2.84) 34.7 (4.66) 23.5 (3.87) 19.1 (3.34) 41.5 (5.43) 7.3 ! (2.82) 2

2-year....................................... 44.4 (2.67) 49.7 (4.13) 46.5 (3.86) 19.7 (3.16) 38.0 (4.40) 53.4 (4.88) 50.9 (4.57) 53.2 (4.25) 51.2 (5.51) 21.7 (4.45) 3Vocational/technical ................. 31.3 (2.49) 34.1 (3.92) 28.5 (3.48) 17.2 (2.99) 33.0 (4.27) 40.3 (4.79) 26.5 (4.03) 33.1 (4.00) 25.6 (4.81) 17.6 (4.11) 2

Currently attending institution

Any postsecondary .................. 15.1 (1.93) 17.3 (3.13) 20.1 (3.09) 2.1 ! (1.16) 12.9 (3.04) 25.0 (4.23) 23.3 (3.87) 16.1 (3.13) 25.0 (4.79) 8.2 ! (2.99) 2

4-year....................................... 5.2 (1.20) 5.9 ! (1.95) 10.6 (2.38) ‡ (†) 3.9 ! (1.76) 15.0 (3.51) 8.0 ! (2.47) 3.1 ! (1.48) 15.1 (3.94) 2.2 ! (1.60) 2-year....................................... 9.0 (1.54) 10.3 (2.52) 8.3 (2.14) 1.9 ! (1.08) 8.6 (2.56) 11.6 (3.15) 13.2 (3.10) 10.9 (2.67) 8.9 ! (3.16) 4.4 ! (2.21) 1

Vocational/technical ................. 2.2 ! (0.79) 2.2 ! (1.23) 2.7 ! (1.24) ‡ (†) 2.6 ! (1.46) 1.7 ! (1.26) 5.5 ! (2.09) 2.9 ! (1.43) ‡ (†) 1.8 ! (1.45) 

Graduation rate, by type of 

institution3

Any postsecondary .................. 47.6 (3.92) 47.8 (5.49) 53.5 (5.35) 39.8 (8.45) 45.9 (6.45) 58.7 (6.67) 45.3 (6.40) 44.8 (5.64) 58.4 (7.24) 58.9 (9.71) 4-year....................................... 45.3 (7.28) 47.7 (10.07) 60.1 (8.80) ‡ (†) 20.8 ! (12.26) 49.5 (9.93) 48.8 (11.86) 30.6 ! (9.72) 63.1 (10.01) ‡ (†) 

2-year....................................... 37.2 (4.46) 38.2 (6.16) 39.2 (6.35) 28.2 ! (9.90) 33.3 (7.61) 42.5 (8.53) 32.9 (7.24) 35.1 (6.12) 45.9 (9.06) 44.3 (12.86) Vocational/technical ................. 54.6 (5.96) 52.7 (8.29) 64.3 (8.39) 51.2 (12.94) 62.5 (8.67) 63.8 (10.75) 50.7 (10.12) 58.7 (8.28) 47.3 (12.97) 46.5 (12.73) 

Living independently4................... 44.7 (2.68) 51.0 (4.15) 38.7 (3.75) 25.7 (3.48) 44.3 (4.52) 40.3 (4.79) 24.9 (3.95) 39.2 (4.17) 41.4 (5.43) 11.2 ! (3.41) 2

Competitively employed5

Currently .................................. 53.1 (2.82) 62.4 (4.27) 58.5 (3.93) 25.7 (3.60) 40.9 (4.65) 47.4 (5.14) 26.4 (4.03) 53.8 (4.48) 34.1 (5.36) 21.5 (4.63) 2In the past 2 years ................... 70.1 (2.52) 78.1 (3.51) 77.2 (3.28) 38.7 (3.98) 68.6 (4.31) 65.0 (4.81) 40.2 (4.53) 72.2 (3.92) 47.2 (5.61) 32.1 (5.15) 3
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.1Percent of all persons (including those not in the labor force) who are not working, but are looking for work.2Percent not working and not looking for work.3Percent of persons in the labor force (excluding those not in the labor force) who are not working, but are looking for work.4All other professional occupations excluding business, teaching, engineering, health, and computer science.5Salaries for those employed full time.

6Respondents reporting salaries less than $1,000 or more than $500,000 werNOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data exclude bacheemies, deceased graduates, and graduates living at foreign addresses at the parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statgitudinal Study (B&B:2000/01). (This table was prepared September 2003.)

Table 398. Percentage distribution of 1999–2000 bachelor’s degree recipients 1 year after graduation, by field of study, time to completion, enrollment status, emp

job characteristics, and annual salaries: 2001

Status 

All fields

of study

Professional/technical fields Arts and sciences

Business and

management Education Engineering

Health

professions

Public

affairs and social

services

Biological

sciences

Mathematics

and physical

sciences Social sciences History 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

Total 1999–2000 graduates ........... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 

Time between high school graduation and 

degree completion

4 years or less .......................................... 32.7 (0.79) 28.2 (1.72) 25.6 (1.80) 23.0 (2.26) 26.2 (2.05) 27.6 (2.58) 44.5 (2.40) 32.5 (2.42) 44.7 (2.37) 42.5 (4.42) 

More than 4, up to 5 years ....................... 22.9 (0.59) 19.7 (1.40) 25.8 (1.67) 32.4 (2.49) 21.5 (1.75) 23.1 (2.70) 24.6 (2.27) 22.2 (2.00) 22.1 (1.98) 18.3 (2.95) More than 5, up to 6 years ....................... 10.8 (0.48) 10.0 (1.14) 14.2 (1.14) 15.3 (1.14) 11.1 (1.14) 9.1 (1.14) 6.5 (1.14) 11.8 (1.14) 9.5 (1.14) 7.4 (1.14) More than 6, up to 10 years ..................... 14.8 (0.56) 15.3 (1.49) 15.7 (1.66) 15.4 (2.13) 14.9 (1.59) 15.7 (2.93) 16.6 (2.18) 15.0 (2.06) 11.5 (1.43) 12.3 (2.74) More than 10 years .................................. 18.9 (0.62) 26.8 (1.78) 18.6 (1.79) 13.9 (1.81) 26.3 (1.77) 24.6 (2.71) 7.8 (1.44) 18.4 (2.13) 12.2 (1.52) 19.5 (3.47) 

Enrollment status 

Enrolled full time....................................... 14.2 (0.49) 7.0 (0.91) 6.8 (1.00) 9.7 (1.47) 16.4 (1.35) 11.5 (1.86) 41.5 (2.79) 17.2 (2.00) 23.9 (2.00) 16.7 (2.48) 

Enrolled part time..................................... 6.5 (0.31) 5.4 (0.80) 11.2 (1.15) 8.9 (1.55) 5.6 (1.00) 7.6 (1.76) 4.0 (0.92) 7.2 (1.40) 4.7 (0.90) 12.2 (3.20) Not enrolled.............................................. 79.4 (0.54) 87.6 (1.09) 82.0 (1.45) 81.4 (2.03) 78.1 (1.62) 80.9 (2.34) 54.6 (2.73) 75.6 (2.38) 71.5 (2.14) 71.1 (3.67) 

Employment status

Employed.................................................. 87.4 (0.44) 91.8 (1.05) 93.9 (0.91) 93.0 (1.39) 88.5 (1.25) 90.9 (1.90) 70.2 (2.49) 88.4 (1.59) 81.2 (1.70) 88.7 (2.27) 

Full time................................................ 76.5 (0.54) 85.5 (1.29) 84.0 (1.44) 86.0 (1.78) 74.8 (1.67) 85.1 (2.21) 52.6 (2.78) 80.7 (2.02) 66.0 (2.18) 76.8 (2.99) Part time............................................... 10.9 (0.42) 6.2 (0.90) 9.8 (1.15) 6.9 (1.23) 13.7 (1.29) 5.8 (1.23) 17.6 (1.88) 7.7 (1.23) 15.2 (1.71) 11.9 (2.11) 

Unemployed1 ............................................ 6.2 (0.33) 5.4 (0.90) 2.2 (0.49) 4.4 (1.06) 4.9 (0.90) 4.9 (1.32) 6.7 (1.31) 4.4 (1.06) 7.8 (1.08) 5.5 (1.80) 

Not in labor force2..................................... 6.4 (0.32) 2.9 (0.59) 4.0 (0.74) 2.7 (0.83) 6.6 (0.89) 4.2 (1.04) 23.2 (2.26) 7.3 (1.26) 11.0 (1.40) 5.8 (1.47) 

Unemployment rate3 .................................... 4.0 (0.33) 2.9 (0.65) 2.6 (1.38) 2.9 (0.86) 3.1 (0.78) 3.5 (1.01) 8.6 (2.08) 2.8 (1.09) 6.1 (1.25) 7.2 (2.06) 

Total employed............................... 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 

Occupation

Business management............................. 25.3 (0.57) 55.4 (1.78) 4.2 (0.83) 11.1 (1.85) 10.8 (1.37) 19.0 (2.68) 15.2 (2.12) 14.6 (2.17) 33.7 (2.07) 22.5 (4.14) 

Education ................................................. 18.1 (0.56) 3.2 (0.65) 81.9 (1.67) 3.0 (1.01) 7.6 (1.08) 11.0 (2.69) 12.6 (1.91) 11.7 (1.90) 13.5 (1.69) 24.0 (3.90) Engineering .............................................. 4.8 (0.31) 1.2 (0.33) # (†) 53.0 (3.11) # (†) 0.7 (0.47) 1.2 (0.81) 9.2 (1.40) 0.5 (0.24) # (†) Health professions.................................... 7.8 (0.38) 1.0 (0.36) 1.6 (0.51) 0.4 (0.30) 61.8 (2.27) 4.3 (1.15) 15.6 (1.96) 2.0 (0.77) 3.4 (0.96) 2.0 (1.97) Other profession4...................................... 11.2 (0.42) 2.3 (0.51) 1.5 (0.37) 13.5 (2.08) 5.7 (1.06) 26.7 (2.78) 32.7 (2.82) 16.7 (1.82) 15.2 (1.78) 9.1 (2.34) 

Computer science/programming .............. 6.8 (0.37) 9.0 (1.05) 1.2 (0.41) 10.1 (1.93) 0.8 (0.33) 2.3 (1.00) 2.3 (0.70) 35.9 (2.42) 4.9 (1.22) 1.8 (0.97) Other professional4................................... 11.2 (0.42) 2.3 (0.51) 1.5 (0.37) 13.5 (2.08) 5.7 (1.06) 26.7 (2.78) 32.7 (2.82) 16.7 (1.82) 15.2 (1.78) 9.1 (2.34) 

Administrative/clerical/support ................. 5.4 (0.33) 5.7 (0.91) 3.5 (0.74) 1.6 (0.60) 2.8 (0.70) 5.1 (1.30) 5.0 (1.40) 3.0 (0.82) 8.8 (1.27) 7.6 (2.15) Mechanic/operator/laborer ....................... 3.3 (0.27) 3.8 (0.78) 1.1 (0.41) 3.6 (1.08) 2.0 (0.74) 2.0 (0.96) 6.1 (1.72) 1.8 (0.68) 1.2 (0.57) 8.3 (2.47) Sales ........................................................ 6.8 (0.38) 12.2 (1.21) 1.0 (0.45) 1.3 (0.53) 2.9 (0.69) 2.2 (0.79) 3.3 (1.08) 2.0 (0.96) 4.0 (0.91) 11.1 (2.44) Service ..................................................... 8.1 (0.41) 5.1 (0.83) 3.3 (0.86) 1.7 (0.57) 4.4 (1.05) 5.4 (1.61) 5.0 (1.09) 1.5 (0.54) 11.1 (1.75) 12.2 (2.84) Military/protective service......................... 2.4 (0.24) 1.2 (0.41) 0.8 (0.47) 0.6 (0.36) 1.2 (0.47) 21.5 (2.89) 1.0 (0.47) 1.7 (0.62) 3.6 (0.81) 1.5 (0.88) 

Job characteristics 

Job is start of career................................. 71.4 (0.67) 75.7 (1.60) 86.6 (1.41) 89.1 (1.61) 73.4 (1.88) 75.8 (2.62) 60.0 (3.28) 76.3 (2.37) 62.4 (2.54) 58.9 (4.08) 

Job closely related to bachelor’s degree .. 54.0 (0.72) 55.8 (1.66) 82.7 (1.48) 69.3 (2.85) 74.6 (1.95) 59.3 (2.93) 47.1 (3.06) 66.3 (2.62) 29.0 (2.09) 24.8 (3.78) 

Annual salaries5

Less than $10,000.................................... 1.4 (0.16) 0.4 (0.20) 1.8 (0.57) 0.8 (0.74) 0.6 (0.22) 1.1 (0.58) 1.8 (0.69) 0.8 (0.64) 2.2 (0.70) 3.3 (2.14) $10,000 to $14,999 .................................. 2.6 (0.24) 1.0 (0.41) 1.6 (0.42) 0.5 (0.37) 1.3 (0.50) 2.7 (1.44) 4.7 (1.43) 0.7 (0.33) 2.9 (0.79) 2.0 (0.85) $15,000 to $19,999 .................................. 5.4 (0.34) 1.8 (0.57) 7.3 (1.14) 1.4 (0.58) 2.8 (0.76) 8.0 (2.16) 9.7 (2.04) 4.2 (1.06) 4.3 (1.03) 8.1 (3.02) $20,000 to $24,999 .................................. 11.2 (0.47) 5.7 (0.92) 16.4 (1.76) 1.5 (0.64) 6.4 (1.20) 18.2 (2.74) 13.7 (2.24) 6.6 (1.41) 13.6 (1.79) 11.2 (2.63) $25,000 to $34,999 .................................. 36.4 (0.81) 29.3 (1.96) 62.0 (2.18) 5.7 (1.54) 30.2 (2.07) 46.2 (3.38) 37.1 (3.43) 24.7 (2.87) 39.0 (2.77) 47.2 (4.85) $35,000 to $49,999 .................................. 28.0 (0.77) 41.1 (2.01) 9.5 (1.24) 44.0 (3.20) 40.3 (2.23) 16.3 (2.39) 25.5 (3.27) 28.3 (2.83) 26.7 (2.41) 26.9 (4.48) $50,000 to $74,999 .................................. 12.3 (0.54) 15.9 (1.48) 1.4 (0.59) 43.1 (3.19) 14.7 (1.73) 4.5 (1.38) 5.8 (1.73) 29.5 (2.94) 8.4 (1.58) 1.3 (1.08) $75,000 or more....................................... 2.9 (0.29) 4.9 (0.90) # (†) 3.0 (0.93) 3.8 (0.99) 2.9 (1.44) 1.7 (1.10) 5.2 (1.13) 2.8 (0.86) # (†) 

Average annual salary6................................. $35,408 (316.0) $41,008 (941.2) $27,634 (345.7) $47,931 (790.0) $39,441 (1,089.6) $30,400 (1,054.7) $30,749 (978.4) $42,755 (981.0) $33,892 (916.0) $29,984 (1,053.2) $
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Includes those who have not finished all requirements for teaching certification or were previously qualified to teach. 2Most educators work 9- to 10-month contracts. 3Includes computer sciences.4Included in social sciences.5Reported salaries of full-time workers under $2,600 in 1976, $4,200 in 1981, and $1,000 in 2001 were excluded from thetabulations. Also, those with salaries over $500,000 in 2001 were excluded.

NOTE: Data are from sample surveys of recent college graduates. Data eService Academies, deceased graduates, and graduates living at foreign includes fields not separately shown. Constant dollars based on the ConsLabor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Notes on methodology are incdard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St1976 through 1991; and 2000/01 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal SMay 2010.)

Table 399. Percentage of bachelor’s degree recipients employed full time 1 year after graduation and average annual salary, by field of study: Selected years, 19Employment status and average salary of degree recipients Total Engineering

Business and

management

Health

professions Education1,2

Public affairs and

social services

Biological

sciences

Mathematics and

other sciences3 Psychology Socia

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Percent employed full time

1974–75 recipients in May 1976... 67 (—) 79 (—) 84 (—) 75 (—) 66 (—) — (†) 56 (—) 50 (—) 61 (—) 5

1979–80 recipients in May 1981... 71 (—) 84 (—) 83 (—) 77 (—) 67 (—) 77 (—) 45 (—) 58 (—) 56 (—) 61989–90 recipients in June 1991.. 74 (—) 84 (—) 83 (—) 86 (—) 67 (—) 66 (—) 50 (—) 72 (—) 59 (—) 61999–2000 recipients in July 2001 84 (0.6) 87 (2.3) 93 (1.2) 84 (1.7) 81 (6.9) 87 (2.8) 66 (3.9) 89 (2.3) 80 (3.2) 7

Percent employed full time in job 

closely related to field of study

1974–75 recipients in May 1976... 35 (—) 57 (—) 49 (—) 71 (—) 22 (—) — (†) 26 (—) 19 (—) 22 (—) 11979–80 recipients in May 1981... 38 (—) 55 (—) 44 (—) 66 (—) 29 (—) 46 (—) 18 (—) 29 (—) 17 (—) 11989–90 recipients in June 1991.. 39 (—) 50 (—) 42 (—) 83 (—) 39 (—) 49 (—) 26 (—) 48 (—) 22 (—) 11999–2000 recipients in July 2001 52 (0.8) 71 (3.3) 62 (2.3) 81 (2.3) 30 (9.2) 58 (4.6) 47 (5.0) 66 (3.4) 37 (4.5) 2

Average salary, in current dollars

1974–75 recipients in 

February 19765 ....................... $7,600 (—) $12,200 (—) $10,200 (—) $8,600 (—) $6,300 (—) — (†) $6,500 (—) $7,000 (—) — (†) $6,70

1979–80 recipients in May 19815.. 15,200 (—) 22,400 (—) 16,300 (—) 17,300 (—) 11,500 (—) $13,700 (—) 14,500 (—) 16,300 (—) $12,500 (—) 14,001989–90 recipients in June 1991.. 23,600 (—) 30,900 (—) 24,700 (—) 31,500 (—) 19,100 (—) 20,800 (—) 21,100 (—) 27,200 (—) 19,200 (—) 22,201999–2000 recipients in 20015 ..... 35,400 (320) 47,900 (790) 41,000 (940) 39,400 (1,090) 27,600 (350) 30,400 (1,050) 30,700 (980) 42,800 (940) 28,800 (910) 33,90

Average salary, in constant 

2009 dollars

1974–75 recipients in 

February 19765 ....................... $28,700 (—) $46,000 (—) $38,500 (—) $32,400 (—) $23,800 (—) — (†) $24,500 (—) $26,400 (—) — (†) $25,30

1979–80 recipients in May 19815.. 35,900 (—) 52,900 (—) 38,500 (—) 40,800 (—) 27,100 (—) $32,300 (—) 34,200 (—) 38,500 (—) $29,500 (—) 33,001989–90 recipients in June 1991.. 37,200 (—) 48,700 (—) 39,000 (—) 49,500 (—) 30,100 (—) 32,800 (—) 33,200 (—) 42,800 (—) 30,200 (—) 35,001999–2000 recipients in 20015 ..... 42,900 (380) 58,100 (960) 49,700 (1,140) 47,800 (1,320) 33,500 (420) 36,800 (1,280) 37,300 (1,190) 51,800 (1,140) 34,900 (1,100) 41,10

Percent change in average salary, 

in constant 2009 dollars

1976 to 2001................................. 49.7 (—) 26.3 (—) 29.2 (—) 47.4 (—) 41.0 (—) — (†) 52.0 (—) 96.3 (—) — (†) 62.

1991 to 2001................................. 15.4 (—) 19.3 (—) 27.6 (—) -3.6 (—) 11.2 (—) 12.4 (—) 12.4 (—) 21.1 (—) 15.8 (—) 17.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. 1Includes other illegal drug use not shown separately. 

NOTE: Marijuana includes hashish usage for 1996 and later years. Data for 1999 and later years were gathered using Computer Assisted Interviewing (CAI) and may not be directly comparable to previous years. Because of survey improvements in

2002, the 2002 data constitute a new baseline for tracking trends. Valid tren1998, 1999 through 2001, and 2002 through 2008. Standard errors appear in SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance AbuNational Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings, selected years, 19Use and Health, 2002 through 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2010, from http://ww

(This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 400. Percentage of 18- to 25-year-olds reporting use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during the past 30 days and the past year, by substance used: Year

Percent reporting use during past 30 days Percent reporting use during 

Illicit drugs

Alcohol Cigarettes

Illicit drugs

Any 

1 Marijuana Cocaine Any1 Marijuana Cocain

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

1982........................................... — (†) 27.2 (—) 7.0 (—) 66.6 (—) — (†) — (†) 37.4 (—) 15.9 (—1985........................................... 25.3 (—) 21.7 (—) 8.1 (—) 70.1 (—) 47.4 (—) 37.4 (—) 34.0 (—) 13.6 (—

1988........................................... 17.9 (—) 15.3 (—) 4.8 (—) 64.7 (—) 45.6 (—) 29.1 (—) 26.1 (—) 10.5 (—

1990........................................... 15.0 (—) 12.7 (—) 2.3 (—) 62.8 (—) 40.9 (—) 26.1 (—) 23.0 (—) 6.5 (—

1991........................................... 15.4 (—) 12.9 (—) 2.2 (—) 63.1 (—) 41.7 (—) 26.6 (—) 22.9 (—) 6.7 (—

1992........................................... 13.1 (—) 10.9 (—) 2.0 (—) 58.6 (—) 41.5 (—) 24.1 (—) 21.2 (—) 5.5 (—

1993........................................... 13.6 (—) 11.1 (—) 1.6 (—) 58.7 (—) 37.9 (—) 24.2 (—) 21.4 (—) 4.4 (—

1994........................................... 13.3 (—) 12.1 (—) 1.2 (—) 63.1 (—) 34.6 (—) 24.6 (—) 21.8 (—) 3.6 (—

1995........................................... 14.2 (—) 12.0 (—) 1.3 (—) 61.3 (—) 35.3 (—) 25.5 (—) 21.8 (—) 4.3 (—

1996........................................... 15.6 (—) 13.2 (—) 2.0 (—) 60.0 (—) 38.3 (—) 26.8 (—) 23.8 (—) 4.7 (—

1997........................................... 14.7 (—) 12.8 (—) 1.2 (—) 58.4 (—) 40.6 (—) 25.3 (—) 22.3 (—) 3.9 (—

1998........................................... 16.1 (—) 13.8 (—) 2.0 (—) 60.0 (—) 41.6 (—) 27.4 (—) 24.1 (—) 4.7 (—

1999........................................... 16.4 (0.40) 14.2 (0.38) 1.7 (0.12) 57.2 (0.54) 39.7 (0.47) 29.1 (0.48) 24.5 (0.46) 5.2 (0.212000........................................... 15.9 (0.36) 13.6 (0.34) 1.4 (0.11) 56.8 (0.51) 38.3 (0.48) 27.9 (0.46) 23.7 (0.43) 4.4 (0.182001........................................... 18.8 (0.41) 16.0 (0.39) 1.9 (0.13) 58.8 (0.50) 39.1 (0.47) 31.9 (0.48) 26.7 (0.48) 5.7 (0.23

2002........................................... 20.2 (0.37) 17.3 (0.36) 2.0 (0.12) 60.5 (0.53) 40.8 (0.48) 35.5 (0.46) 29.8 (0.43) 6.7 (0.24

2003........................................... 20.3 (0.40) 17.0 (0.37) 2.2 (0.13) 61.4 (0.50) 40.2 (0.47) 34.6 (0.48) 28.5 (0.46) 6.6 (0.232004........................................... 19.4 (0.40) 16.1 (0.37) 2.1 (0.13) 60.5 (0.51) 39.5 (0.49) 33.9 (0.48) 27.8 (0.47) 6.6 (0.252005........................................... 20.1 (0.40) 16.6 (0.37) 2.6 (0.15) 60.9 (0.51) 39.0 (0.47) 34.2 (0.47) 28.0 (0.45) 6.9 (0.232006........................................... 19.8 (0.37) 16.3 (0.35) 2.2 (0.12) 61.9 (0.51) 38.4 (0.47) 34.4 (0.48) 28.0 (0.46) 6.9 (0.242007........................................... 19.7 (0.39) 16.4 (0.37) 1.7 (0.12) 61.2 (0.52) 36.2 (0.48) 33.2 (0.48) 27.5 (0.46) 6.4 (0.242008........................................... 19.6 (0.38) 16.5 (0.37) 1.5 (0.12) 61.2 (0.49) 35.7 (0.45) 33.5 (0.46) 27.6 (0.45) 5.5 (0.21
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes other illegal drug use not shown separately.2Includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, or other persons not in labor force.

NOTE: Marijuana includes hashish usage. Standard errors appear in parenthpanic ethnicity.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance AbuNational Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2003 and 2008. Retrieved June 5, reports.htm. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 401. Percentage of 18- to 25-year-olds reporting use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during the past 30 days and the past year, by substance used a

2003 and 2008

Year and selected characteristic

Percent reporting use during past 30 days Percent reporting use duri

Illicit drugs

Alcohol Cigarettes

Illicit drugs

Any 

1 Marijuana Cocaine Any1 Marijuana Coca

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

2003

Total................................................... 20.3 (0.40) 17.0 (0.46) 2.2 (0.13) 61.4 (0.50) 40.2 (0.47) 34.6 (0.48) 28.5 (0.46) 6.6 (0.

Sex

Male ....................................................... 24.0 (0.59) 21.0 (0.55) 2.9 (0.22) 66.9 (0.63) 44.2 (0.69) 38.6 (0.67) 33.0 (0.65) 8.2 (0Female................................................... 16.5 (0.46) 13.0 (0.41) 1.5 (0.14) 55.8 (0.72) 36.2 (0.58) 30.5 (0.59) 24.0 (0.55) 5.0 (0

Race/ethnicity

White...................................................... 22.5 (0.50) 19.1 (0.46) 2.7 (0.17) 68.0 (0.60) 45.4 (0.58) 38.2 (0.61) 31.8 (0.58) 7.9 (0Black ...................................................... 18.2 (0.90) 16.4 (0.88) 0.2 (0.07) 47.2 (1.21) 28.5 (1.14) 30.6 (1.11) 26.6 (1.04) 1.1 (0Hispanic ................................................. 15.6 (0.87) 11.6 (0.77) 2.2 (0.37) 52.1 (1.16) 33.9 (1.22) 27.5 (1.06) 20.8 (0.99) 6.5 (0

Asian...................................................... 11.8 (1.52) 9.3 (1.45) 0.6 (0.28) 48.9 (2.65) 26.9 (2.26) 22.1 (2.07) 15.9 (1.73) 4.1 (0Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander............ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ American Indian/Alaska Native.............. 31.0 (4.69) 27.3 (4.28) 3.1 (1.49) 52.3 (4.93) 58.1 (5.16) 44.2 (4.67) 36.0 (4.34) 15.0 (3

Two or more races ................................. 29.2 (3.38) 22.9 (3.04) 5.5 (1.98) 66.6 (3.29) 43.8 (3.31) 45.4 (3.64) 39.3 (3.60) 8.7 (2

Education

Less than high school ............................ 23.0 (0.86) 19.0 (0.78) 2.8 (0.30) 48.5 (1.02) 49.2 (1.04) 36.8 (0.96) 29.6 (0.92) 7.7 (0

High school graduate............................. 20.1 (0.59) 17.1 (0.58) 1.8 (0.19) 56.7 (0.73) 42.3 (0.75) 34.4 (0.70) 28.1 (0.64) 6.2 (0

Some college ......................................... 20.6 (0.68) 17.5 (0.63) 2.3 (0.24) 68.7 (0.80) 36.3 (0.77) 35.5 (0.89) 29.9 (0.87) 6.8 (0

College graduate.................................... 15.3 (0.94) 12.5 (0.85) 1.9 (0.32) 78.2 (1.20) 28.7 (1.18) 28.9 (1.15) 24.2 (1.05) 5.2 (0.

Employment status

Full-time ................................................. 19.2 (0.51) 15.9 (0.47) 2.2 (0.19) 66.3 (0.67) 43.9 (0.68) 33.1 (0.64) 26.8 (0.61) 6.7 (0Part-time ................................................ 21.6 (0.72) 18.6 (0.69) 2.1 (0.25) 62.2 (0.93) 35.8 (0.82) 36.8 (0.86) 31.2 (0.86) 6.3 (0Unemployed........................................... 27.6 (1.50) 23.8 (1.39) 3.1 (0.52) 58.6 (1.52) 48.2 (1.70) 44.1 (1.59) 37.5 (1.55) 9.3 (0

Other2..................................................... 17.9 (0.81) 14.7 (0.76) 1.8 (0.27) 50.0 (1.12) 34.0 (0.97) 31.1 (0.94) 25.0 (0.90) 5.5 (0

2008

Total................................................... 19.6 (0.38) 16.5 (0.37) 1.5 (0.12) 61.2 (0.49) 35.7 (0.45) 33.5 (0.46) 27.6 (0.45) 5.5 (0.

Sex

Male ....................................................... 23.1 (0.55) 20.1 (0.53) 1.8 (0.17) 64.3 (0.66) 39.5 (0.63) 36.9 (0.64) 31.5 (0.62) 6.5 (0

Female................................................... 16.1 (0.50) 12.8 (0.46) 1.3 (0.15) 58.0 (0.65) 31.8 (0.61) 29.9 (0.60) 23.7 (0.57) 4.5 (0

Race/ethnicity

White...................................................... 21.4 (0.49) 17.8 (0.46) 1.8 (0.16) 67.7 (0.57) 40.6 (0.57) 36.2 (0.58) 29.8 (0.57) 6.8 (0

Black ...................................................... 20.7 (1.04) 18.2 (0.98) 0.3 (0.11) 49.3 (1.26) 26.3 (1.10) 31.4 (1.15) 26.9 (1.10) 1.3 (0Hispanic ................................................. 14.8 (0.86) 12.4 (0.79) 1.7 (0.29) 51.5 (1.24) 30.0 (1.07) 28.2 (1.15) 23.1 (1.05) 5.4 (0

Asian...................................................... 8.9 (1.25) 6.3 (1.03) 0.2 (0.15) 48.5 (2.44) 18.0 (1.76) 19.8 (1.83) 14.1 (1.47) 1.5 (0Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander............ ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1.6 (1.American Indian/Alaska Native.............. 23.0 (3.93) 20.4 (3.70) 1.5 (0.58) 49.9 (5.28) 47.7 (5.07) 46.3 (5.09) 34.2 (4.78) 8.3 (2Two or more races ................................. 24.9 (2.77) 22.8 (2.72) 3.1 (1.45) 64.8 (2.89) 38.5 (3.07) 38.0 (3.28) 32.5 (3.13) 6.1 (1

Education

Less than high school ............................ 22.2 (0.86) 18.5 (0.84) 1.8 (0.28) 46.8 (1.11) 45.4 (1.07) 35.4 (1.04) 28.9 (0.98) 5.6 (0

High school graduate............................. 19.6 (0.65) 16.5 (0.59) 1.5 (0.18) 55.0 (0.77) 39.2 (0.79) 32.4 (0.72) 26.4 (0.68) 5.5 (0

Some college ......................................... 19.5 (0.61) 16.6 (0.60) 1.5 (0.21) 67.3 (0.78) 31.9 (0.71) 35.4 (0.80) 29.5 (0.81) 5.8 (0

College graduate.................................... 16.6 (1.01) 13.4 (0.95) 1.5 (0.30) 80.7 (1.01) 23.3 (1.11) 29.1 (1.21) 24.2 (1.20) 4.9 (0.

Employment status

Full-time ................................................. 18.7 (0.56) 15.3 (0.52) 1.5 (0.17) 68.1 (0.66) 38.5 (0.67) 31.9 (0.64) 25.5 (0.61) 5.5 (0

Part-time ................................................ 20.6 (0.72) 18.0 (0.72) 1.4 (0.20) 59.8 (0.90) 31.2 (0.77) 35.8 (0.89) 30.8 (0.86) 5.2 (0Unemployed........................................... 26.4 (1.35) 23.4 (1.30) 2.3 (0.41) 57.8 (1.42) 47.3 (1.49) 40.8 (1.52) 35.7 (1.48) 7.3 (0

Other2..................................................... 17.3 (0.78) 14.0 (0.69) 1.5 (0.30) 48.3 (1.15) 29.7 (0.95) 30.5 (0.99) 24.3 (0.90) 5.1 (0
586 CHAPTER 5: Outcomes of Education

Recent High School and College Graduates

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, “Base Year” (NLS:72),

“Second Follow-up” (NLS:72/74), and “Third Follow-up” (NLS:72/76); National Education

Longitudinal Study of 1988, “Second Follow-up, Student Survey, 1992” (NELS:88/92) and

“Third Follow-up, 1994” (NELS:88/94); and Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, “First

Follow-up” (ELS:02/04). (This table was prepared November 2005.)

Table 402. Percentage of 1972 high school seniors, 1992 high school seniors, and 2004 high school seniors who felt that certain life values were 

“very important,” by sex: Selected years, 1972 through 2004

Life value

Percent of 1972 seniors Percent of 1992 seniors

1972 Percent of 2004 seniors

1974

(2 years after 

high school)

1976

(4 years after 

high school) 1992

1994 

(2 years after high school)

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Being successful in work ......................... 86.5 83.0 81.2 74.9 80.3 69.7 89.0 89.6 90.1 89.9 90.3 91.3 (0.33) 89.7 (0.49) 92.9 (0.40)

Finding steady work................................. 82.3 73.7 74.7 59.9 79.3 62.1 87.1 88.6 89.7 88.7 90.7 87.3 (0.40) 85.6 (0.55) 89.0 (0.49)

Having lots of money ............................... 26.0 9.8 17.8 9.1 17.7 9.4 45.3 29.4 35.2 39.5 30.9 35.1 (0.58) 42.7 (0.80) 27.6 (0.69)

Being a leader in the community ............. 14.9 8.0 8.5 4.4 9.2 4.2 — — — — — — (†) — (†) — (†)

Importance of helping others in the 

community............................................ — — — — — — — — — — — 41.7 (0.57) 35.2 (0.77) 48.1 (0.74)

Correcting inequalities ............................. 22.5 31.1 16.6 18.2 16.2 17.1 17.0 23.6 — — — 19.7 (0.46) 18.1 (0.60) 21.2 (0.67)

Having children........................................ — — — — — — 39.0 49.2 — — — 49.3 (0.55) 45.4 (0.75) 53.2 (0.78)

Having a happy family life ........................ 78.6 85.7 83.1 86.7 84.2 86.4 — — — — — 81.0 (0.46) 80.1 (0.63) 81.9 (0.64)

Providing better opportunities for my 

children ................................................ 66.6 66.2 59.5 61.6 59.8 58.8 74.5 76.5 90.5 90.3 90.8 82.5 (0.45) 82.1 (0.64) 82.9 (0.58)

Living closer to parents or relatives ......... 6.8 8.2 8.3 12.4 7.7 11.9 15.2 18.7 — — — — (†) — (†) — (†)

Moving from area..................................... 14.3 14.6 8.3 7.4 6.7 6.4 20.7 20.1 — — — — (†) — (†) — (†)

Having strong friendships ........................ 81.2 78.7 76.5 74.7 76.1 72.1 79.8 80.0 87.6 88.1 87.0 85.5 (0.41) 84.9 (0.56) 86.1 (0.57)

Having leisure time .................................. — — 60.9 55.1 65.4 60.1 65.3 62.0 — — — 69.0 (0.55) 70.2 (0.69) 67.8 (0.74)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 587

CHAPTER 6

International Comparisons of Education

This chapter offers a broad perspective on education

across the nations of the world. It also provides an international context for examining the condition of education in

the United States. Insights into the educational practices and

outcomes of the United States are obtained by comparing

them with those of other countries. The National Center for

Education Statistics (NCES) carries out a variety of activities in order to provide statistical data for international comparisons of education.

This chapter presents data drawn from materials prepared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and

Cultural Organization (UNESCO); the Organization for

Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and

the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). Basic summary data on enrollments, teachers, enrollment ratios, and finances were

synthesized from information appearing in Education at a

Glance, published by OECD, and from data collected by

UNESCO. Even though their tabulations are carefully prepared, international data users should be cautioned about

the many problems of definition and reporting involved in

the collection of data about the educational systems of the

world (see the OECD and UNESCO entries in Appendix A:

Guide to Sources).

Also presented in this chapter are data from the Trends

in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS),

carried out under the aegis of IEA and supported by NCES.

This survey was formerly known as the Third International

Mathematics and Science Study. TIMSS, conducted every

4 years, is an assessment of fourth- and eighth-graders in

mathematics and science. In 1995, TIMSS collected data

for both grade 4 and grade 8. In 1999, TIMSS collected

data for grade 8 only. In 2003 and 2007, data were again

collected at both grade levels. TIMSS offers comparisons

of mathematics and science achievement between years for

those countries that participated in more than one of the

grade 4 data collection years (1995, 2003, and 2007) or

more than one of the grade 8 data collection years (1995,

1999, 2003, and 2007). 

This chapter includes additional information on performance scores of 15-year-olds in the areas of reading, mathematics, and science literacy from the Program for

International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA also measures general, or cross-curricular, competencies such as

learning strategies. While this study focuses on OECD countries, data from some non-OECD countries are also provided. 

Further information on survey methodologies is in

Appendix A: Guide to Sources and in the publications cited

in the table source notes.

Population

Among the reporting OECD countries in 2007, Mexico

had the largest percentage of its population made up of

young people ages 5 to 14 (21 percent), followed by Turkey

(19 percent) (table 405). Countries with relatively small percentages of people in this age group included Italy, Japan,

and Spain (all at 9 percent) and the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, and Portugal (all at 10 percent). In

the United States, the proportion of 5- to 14-year-olds was

13 percent, which was higher than in most of the other

OECD countries.

Enrollments

In 2008, about 1.4 billion students were enrolled in

schools around the world (table 403). Of these students, 696

million were in elementary-level programs, 526 million

were in secondary programs, and 159 million were in postsecondary programs. From 2000 to 2008, enrollment

changes varied from region to region. Changes in elementary enrollment ranged from increases of 41 percent in

Africa, 2 percent in Asia, and 2 percent in Oceania to

decreases of 11 percent in Europe, 3 percent in Central and

South America, and 2 percent in Northern America (defined

in UNESCO tabulations as including the United States, Canada, Greenland, Bermuda, St. Pierre, and Miquelon) (table

F, table 403, and figure 26). Over the same period, enrollments generally increased at the secondary level. Secondary

enrollment increased by 44 percent in Africa, 24 percent in

Asia, 9 percent in Northern America, 8 percent in Central

and South America, and 3 percent in Oceania, but decreased

by 15 percent in Europe.
588 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

At the postsecondary level, enrollments increased in all

major areas of the world from 2000 to 2008 (table F, table

403, and figure 26). Postsecondary enrollment rose by

86 percent in Asia, 77 percent in Central and South America,

47 percent in Africa, 36 percent in Northern America,

33 percent in Oceania, and 32 percent in Europe. These

increases are due to both growth in the percentages of people

attending postsecondary institutions and population increases.

In 2007, the reporting OECD country with the highest

proportion of 22- to 25-year-olds enrolled in postsecondary

education was Finland (39 percent), followed by Denmark

and the Republic of Korea (both at 34 percent), Poland

(31 percent), Sweden (30 percent), and Norway (29 percent)

(table 406). The United States’ proportion of enrolled 22- to

25-year-olds was 24 percent. Also in 2007, the reporting

OECD country with the highest proportion of 18- to 21-yearolds enrolled in postsecondary education was the Republic of

Korea (69 percent), followed by Greece (47 percent), the

United States (45 percent), and Belgium (43 percent). Postsecondary enrollment varied among countries due partially to

differences in how postsecondary education is defined and

the age at which postsecondary education begins. For example, programs classified as postsecondary education in some

countries may be classified as long-duration secondary education in other countries.

Achievement

On the 2007 TIMSS mathematics assessment, U.S.

fourth-graders’ average score (529) was higher than the

average mathematics scores of fourth-graders in 23 of the 35

other participating educational systems, lower than the

scores in 8 educational systems, and not measurably different from the scores in the remaining 4 educational systems

(table 412). (Average scale scores from the TIMSS assessment are based on a range of possible scores from 0 to 1,000.

Most participating educational systems represent countries;

however, some represent subnational entities with separate

educational systems, such as Hong Kong SAR.1) The educational systems that outperformed the United States in fourthgrade mathematics—namely, Chinese Taipei, England,

Hong Kong SAR, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, the Russian

Federation, and Singapore—were all located in Asia or

Europe. In 2007, U.S. eighth-graders’ average mathematics

score (508) was higher than the average scores of eighthgraders in 37 of the 47 other participating educational systems, lower than the scores in 5 educational systems, and not

measurably different from the scores in the remaining 5 educational systems (table 413). All of the educational systems

that outperformed the United States in eighth-grade mathematics were in Asia (Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong SAR,

Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore).

On the 2007 TIMSS science assessment, U.S. fourthgraders’ average score (539) was higher than the average

science scores of fourth-graders in 25 of the 35 other participating educational systems, lower than the scores in 4 educational systems (all of them located in Asia), and not

measurably different from the scores in the remaining 6 educational systems (table 417). The educational systems that

outperformed the United States in fourth-grade science were

Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, and Singapore. In

2007, U.S. eighth-graders’ average science score (520) was

higher than the average scores of eighth-graders in 35 of the

47 other educational systems, lower than the scores in 9 educational systems (all located in Asia or Europe), and not

measurably different from the scores in the remaining 3 educational systems (table 418). The educational systems that

outperformed the United States in eighth-grade science were

Chinese Taipei, the Czech Republic, England, Hungary,

Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, Slovenia, and Singapore. 

On the 2009 PISA, U.S. 15-year-olds’ average score in

reading literacy was 500, which was not measurably different from the OECD average of 493 (table 408). (Possible

scores on PISA assessments range from 0 to 1,000.) The

average reading literacy score in the United States was lower

than the average score in 6 of the 33 other OECD countries,

higher than the average score in 13 of the other OECD countries, and not measurably different from the average score in

14 of the OECD countries. Comparable reading literacy

results were also reported for 31 non-OECD jurisdictions,

3 of which had higher average scores than the United States.

In all participating OECD countries and non-OECD jurisdictions, girls outperformed boys in reading. The U.S. gender

gap in reading (25 points) was smaller than the OECD average gap (39 points) and smaller than the gaps in 24 of the

OECD countries and 21 of the non-OECD jurisdictions.

1 Hong Kong SAR is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s

Republic of China.

Table F. Population and enrollment at different levels in major areas 

of the world: 2000 and 2008

[In millions]

Area of the world Population

Enrollment

Elementary Secondary Postsecondary

Africa

2000.................... 803.0 108.4 37.7 6.3

2008.................... 969.4 153.2 54.4 9.3

Asia

2000.................... 3,650.2 398.8 259.0 40.6

2008.................... 4,004.4 408.3 321.5 75.6

Europe

2000.................... 771.2 41.7 70.5 25.1

2008.................... 777.5 37.0 59.9 33.0

Central and South 

America

2000.................... 520.4 69.7 54.7 11.1

2008.................... 577.7 67.7 59.1 19.7

Northern America

2000.................... 313.4 27.4 25.1 14.4

2008.................... 337.7 26.9 27.3 19.6

Oceania

2000.................... 30.4 3.1 3.4 1.0

2008.................... 34.1 3.2 3.5 1.4

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization,

unpublished tabulations, and U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau,

International Data Base.
CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education 589

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

In mathematics literacy, U.S. 15-year-olds’ average score

of 487 on the 2009 PISA was lower than the OECD average

score of 496. The average mathematics literacy score in the

United States was lower than the average score in 17 of the 33

other OECD countries, higher than the average score in 5 of

the other OECD countries, and not measurably different from

the average score in 11 of the OECD countries. In 6 of the 31

non-OECD jurisdictions, the mathematics literacy scores of

15-year-olds were higher than the average score in the United

States. In science literacy, the average score of 15-year-olds in

the United States was not measurably different from the

OECD average score. The U.S. average science literacy score

was lower than the average score in 12 of the 33 other OECD

countries, higher than the average score in 9 of the other

OECD countries, and not measurably different from the average score in 12 of the OECD countries. In 6 of the 31 nonOECD jurisdictions, the science literacy scores of 15-yearolds were higher than the average score in the United States.

Educational Attainment 

In 2008, the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds who had

completed high school varied among reporting OECD countries (table 420). Countries with relatively high percentages

included the Czech Republic (91 percent), the Slovak

Republic (90 percent), and the United States (89 percent).

Relatively low percentages of 25- to 64-year-olds were high

school completers in Portugal (28 percent), Turkey (30 percent), and Mexico (34 percent).

In 2008, OECD countries reporting relatively high percentages of 25- to 64-year-olds with a bachelor’s or higher

degree included Norway (34 percent), the United States (32

percent), and the Netherlands (30 percent) (table 421). Countries with relatively low percentages of 25- to 64-year-olds

who had attained a bachelor’s or higher degree included Austria (11 percent) and Turkey (12 percent).

Degrees 

In OECD countries, the number of bachelor’s degrees

conferred per 100 people at the typical age at graduation in

2007 ranged from 15 in Chile, 17 in Turkey, and 18 in Mexico to 61 in Australia and 63 in Iceland (table 422 and

figure 27). In the United States, the number was 37 degrees

per 100 people. In 28 of the 30 OECD countries reporting

data in 2007, the number was higher for women than for men.

The percentages of undergraduate degrees awarded in

mathematics and science fields—including natural sciences,

mathematics and computer science, and engineering—varied across the 30 reporting OECD countries in 2007 (table

423). Two of the reporting OECD countries awarded more

than 30 percent of their undergraduate degrees in mathematics and science fields: the Republic of Korea (36 percent)

and Portugal (33 percent). Four of the countries awarded 15

percent or less of their undergraduate degrees in mathematics and science fields: Norway and Iceland (13 percent

each), the Netherlands (14 percent), and Hungary (15 percent). In 2007, the United States awarded 16 percent of its

undergraduate degrees in mathematics and science fields, a

lower percentage than most other reporting countries. The

percentages of graduate degrees awarded in mathematics

and science fields also ranged widely across countries in

2007 (table 424). Nine of the reporting OECD countries

awarded more than 29 percent of their graduate degrees in

mathematics and science fields: Japan (48 percent), Austria

(47 percent), Portugal and the Republic of Korea (39 percent each), Finland (35 percent), Germany and the Slovak

Republic (32 percent each), Switzerland (31 percent), and

France (30 percent). Seven OECD countries awarded 15 percent or less of their graduate degrees in mathematics and science fields: Hungary (8 percent); Chile, Iceland, and Poland

(11 percent each); the United States and Mexico (13 percent

each); and the Netherlands (15 percent).

Finances

In 2007, per student expenditures at the elementary

level of education were over $8,500 in 7 of the 28 OECD

countries reporting finance data (table 425). Specifically,

Luxembourg spent $14,000 per student at the elementary

education level; the United States spent $10,200; Norway

spent $9,900; Iceland spent $9,600; Denmark and Switzerland each spent $9,200; and Austria spent $8,700. At the

secondary level, six countries had expenditures of over

$10,000 per student: Luxembourg ($17,900); Switzerland

($14,000); Norway ($12,000); the United States ($11,300);

Austria ($10,600); and the Netherlands ($10,200). At the

higher education level, the following eight countries had

expenditures of at least $15,000 per student in 2007: the

United States ($27,000); Switzerland ($20,900); Sweden

($18,400); Norway ($17,100); Denmark ($16,500); the

Netherlands ($16,000); the United Kingdom ($15,500);

and Austria ($15,000). These expenditures were adjusted

to U.S. dollars using the purchasing-power-parity (PPP)

index. This index is considered more stable and comparable than indexes using currency exchange rates.

A comparison of public direct expenditures on education

as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in reporting

OECD countries shows that national investment in education

in 2007 ranged from 3.1 percent in Chile, 3.3 percent in

Japan, and 3.4 percent in the Slovak Republic to 7.0 percent

in Iceland, 6.6 percent in Denmark, and 6.1 percent in Sweden (table 426 and figure 28). Among reporting OECD countries, the average public investment in education in 2007 was

4.8 percent of GDP. In the United States, the public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was 5.0 percent. 
590 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 26. Percentage change in enrollment, by major areas of the world and level of education: 2000 to 2008

World Africa Asia Europe

Area of the world

Central and

South America

Northern

America

Oceania

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percent change

Elementary education Secondary education Postsecondary education

7.3

16.7

61.0

41.3

44.3

46.8

2.4

24.1

86.5

-11.2

-15.1

31.6

-2.9

8.1

77.0

-1.9

8.8

36.2

2.4 3.2

33.4

NOTE: Northern America includes Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States of America. Hawaii is included in Northern America rather than Oceania.

Central and South America includes Latin America and the Caribbean. Oceania includes American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall

Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and the Republic of Vanuatu. Data include

imputed values for nonrespondent countries.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), unpublished tabulations.
CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education 591

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Figure 27. Bachelor’s degree recipients as a percentage of the population of the typical ages of graduation, by country: 2007

United States

0 10 20 30 40

Percent of population

50 60 70

United Kingdom

Turkey

Switzerland

Sweden

Spain

Slovak Republic

Portugal

Poland

Norway

New Zealand

Netherlands

Mexico

Korea, Republic of

Japan

Italy

Ireland

Iceland

Hungary

Greece

Germany

France

Finland

Denmark

Czech Republic

Chile

Canada

Belgium, Flemish

Austria

Australia

OECD country

60.7

22.4

35.4

35.2

14.5

36.4

50.9

58.8

33.8

23.2

21.7

38.8

62.8

44.8

38.7

38.8

42.9

18.2

47.8

53.8

45.0

46.6

46.0

37.9

34.7

42.2

28.9

17.0

39.0

36.5

NOTE: Includes graduates of any age.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); Education at a Glance, 2010; and Online Education Database.

Figure 28. Public direct expenditures on education as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP), by country: 2007

United States

01234

Percent of GDP

5678

United Kingdom

Switzerland

Sweden

Spain

Slovak Republic

Portugal

Poland

Norway

New Zealand

Netherlands

Mexico

Korea, Republic of

Japan

Italy

Ireland

Iceland

Hungary

Germany

France

Finland

Denmark

Czech Republic

Chile

Belgium, Flemish

Austria

Australia

OECD country

3.7

5.1

5.9

3.1

4.1

6.6

5.5

5.5

4.0

4.9

7.0

4.4

4.1

3.3

4.2

4.7

4.7

4.8

5.4

4.8

5.1

3.4

4.2

6.1

5.1

5.2

5.0

NOTE: Includes all OECD countries for which comparable data are available. Includes both amounts spent directly by governments to hire educational personnel and to procure

other resources, and amounts provided by governments to public or private institutions, or households.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Education at a Glance, 2010.
592 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

Population, Enrollment, and Teachers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Population, Enrollment, and Teachers

1Enrollment and teacher data exclude the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

2Excludes Rodrigues and other small islands.

3Includes five countries of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), Arab

states, and both the Asian and the European portions of Turkey.

4Includes all countries of the former U.S.S.R. except Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan,

Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.

5Northern America includes Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and

the United States of America. Hawaii is included in Northern America rather than in Oceania. Central and South America includes Latin America and the Caribbean.

6Includes American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati,

Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Papua New

Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and the Republic of Vanuatu.

7Estimate of midyear population.

8First-level enrollment generally consists of elementary school, grades 1–6.

9Second-level enrollment includes general education, teacher training (at the second level),

and technical and vocational education. This level generally corresponds to secondary

education in the United States, grades 7–12.

10Third-level enrollment includes college and university enrollment, and technical and vocational education beyond the secondary school level.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data in this table include imputed

values for nonrespondent countries. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),

Statistical Yearbook, 1999, and unpublished tabulations; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, International Data Base, retrieved June 29, 2010, from http://

www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/region.php. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 403. Population, school enrollment, and teachers, by major areas of the world: Selected years, 1980 through 2008

[In thousands]

Year and selected characteristic World total1

Major areas of the world

Africa2 Asia1,3 Europe4

Central and

South America5 Northern America5 Oceania6

1 234567 8

1980

Population, all ages7 ........................................ 4,452,687 478,507 2,613,558 725,484 360,675 251,929 22,534

Enrollment, all levels........................................ 856,971 78,036 495,155 131,633 87,291 60,041 4,815

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 541,556 62,134 336,174 52,471 65,414 22,611 2,752

Second level9 ............................................... 264,379 14,360 144,755 62,734 16,969 23,913 1,647

Third level10 .................................................. 51,037 1,542 14,227 16,428 4,908 13,516 416

Teachers, all levels........................................... 38,285 2,338 19,641 8,225 3,730 4,079 272

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 19,044 1,661 10,874 2,541 2,260 1,580 129

Second level9 ............................................... 15,398 584 7,554 4,387 1,083 1,679 112

Third level10 .................................................. 3,843 94 1,213 1,297 387 820 31

1990

Population, all ages7 ........................................ 5,288,828 630,406 3,152,386 759,222 442,871 277,533 26,410

Enrollment, all levels........................................ 980,474 107,871 569,179 131,255 104,968 62,007 5,194

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 596,853 80,640 364,213 48,968 75,505 24,810 2,717

Second level9 ............................................... 315,008 24,378 181,652 63,366 22,194 21,569 1,849

Third level10 .................................................. 68,613 2,853 23,314 18,922 7,269 15,628 628

Teachers, all levels........................................... 47,105 3,791 24,455 9,398 5,131 4,000 330

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 22,626 2,390 12,692 2,812 3,006 1,582 143

Second level9 ............................................... 19,380 1,241 9,947 5,076 1,520 1,449 146

Third level10 .................................................. 5,100 160 1,816 1,509 605 969 41

1995

Population, all ages7 ........................................ 5,699,913 712,842 3,411,346 768,521 482,720 296,092 28,393

Enrollment, all levels........................................ 1,103,756 130,794 644,609 137,839 116,821 66,510 7,183

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 649,480 95,928 394,304 47,344 82,279 26,501 3,124

Second level9 ............................................... 372,724 30,899 219,415 69,448 26,087 23,984 2,891

Third level10 .................................................. 81,552 3,966 30,890 21,047 8,455 16,026 1,167

Teachers, all levels........................................... 52,047 4,486 26,955 10,113 5,784 4,269 439

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 24,356 2,811 13,499 2,863 3,374 1,649 161

Second level9 ............................................... 21,746 1,471 11,273 5,561 1,696 1,528 217

Third level10 .................................................. 5,945 205 2,183 1,689 714 1,092 61

2000 

Population, all ages7 ........................................ 6,088,684 803,049 3,650,241 771,153 520,409 313,398 30,435

Enrollment, all levels........................................ 1,198,194 152,413 698,385 137,363 135,506 66,969 7,558

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 649,189 108,386 398,826 41,712 69,701 27,435 3,130

Second level9 ............................................... 450,406 37,704 259,002 70,535 54,665 25,117 3,384

Third level10 .................................................. 98,599 6,323 40,558 25,117 11,140 14,417 1,044

Teachers, all levels........................................... 56,771 4,956 29,771 10,421 6,518 4,651 455

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 25,575 2,879 15,255 2,737 2,743 1,806 155

Second level9 ............................................... 24,543 1,790 12,085 5,813 2,924 1,684 247

Third level10 .................................................. 6,653 287 2,430 1,871 852 1,161 53

2005 

Population, all ages7 ........................................ 6,469,130 903,845 3,873,443 774,642 556,242 328,269 32,689

Enrollment, all levels........................................ 1,333,484 192,565 782,992 135,142 142,472 72,433 7,881

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 685,990 135,774 413,156 38,473 68,660 26,780 3,147

Second level9 ............................................... 509,595 48,494 307,728 64,847 58,048 27,039 3,440

Third level10 .................................................. 137,899 8,296 62,108 31,823 15,764 18,614 1,295

Teachers, all levels........................................... 63,971 5,995 34,215 10,617 7,679 4,991 475

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 26,918 3,515 15,789 2,658 2,931 1,865 160

Second level9 ............................................... 28,042 2,155 14,587 5,730 3,542 1,777 250

Third level10 .................................................. 9,011 325 3,839 2,228 1,205 1,350 65

2008 

Population, all ages7 ........................................ 6,700,766 969,422 4,004,394 777,477 577,680 337,719 34,074

Enrollment, all levels........................................ 1,380,725 216,870 805,424 129,944 146,501 73,892 8,093

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 696,347 153,183 408,329 37,029 67,683 26,917 3,206

Second level9 ............................................... 525,665 54,405 321,458 59,873 59,096 27,340 3,494

Third level10 .................................................. 158,713 9,283 75,637 33,042 19,722 19,636 1,393

Teachers, all levels........................................... 67,606 6,584 36,880 10,467 7,877 5,311 487

First (elementary) level8 ............................... 27,845 3,763 16,451 2,617 2,918 1,932 163

Second level9 ............................................... 29,651 2,458 16,097 5,495 3,483 1,862 255

Third level10 .................................................. 10,110 362 4,332 2,355 1,475 1,518 69
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 404. Selected population and enrollment statistics for countries with populations over 10 million in 2008, by continent: Selected years, 1990 through 2008Country1

Midyear population 

(in millions) 

 Persons

per

square

kilometer,

2008

First level2 Second level3 

1990 2000 2008

Enrollment (in thousands) Gross enrollment ratio5 Enrollment (in thousands) Gross enrollment ratio5 Enrollment (in 

1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

World total6......................... 5,289 6,089 6,701 53 596,853 649,189 7 696,347 7 99 99 7 107 7 315,008 450,406 525,665 7 52 60 67 7 68,613 98,5

Africa

Algeria8..................................... 25 30 34 14 4,189 4,843 3,942 100 108 108 2,176 — — 61 — — 286 Angola ...................................... 8 10 13 10 990 — 3,932 92 — 128 186 355 — 12 14 — 7 Burkina Faso ............................ 8 12 15 56 504 852 1,742 33 45 73 99 190 424 7 10 18 5 Cameroon ................................ 12 15 18 39 1,964 2,237 9 3,201 101 86 9 111 500 700 1,128 28 27 37 33 Chad......................................... 6 8 10 8 525 914 1,496 54 66 83 60 10 137 — 8 10 11 — 3 11,12 

Cote d'Ivoire ............................. 12 17 20 64 1,415 1,944 2,356 67 73 74 361 620 7 — 22 23 7 — 30 13 1

Democratic Rep. of the Congo. 39 52 67 29 4,562 — 9,973 70 — 90 1,097 13 — 3,129 14 21 13 — 35 14 80 

Egypt8 ....................................... 55 65 77 78 6,964 7,947 7 — 94 93 7 — 5,507 8,028 7 — 76 76 7 — 628 15,16 Ethiopia .................................... 48 64 83 83 2,466 5,847 12,742 33 55 98 866 1,195 3,696 14 14 33 34 

Ghana8 ..................................... 15 20 23 103 1,945 2,561 3,625 75 83 105 — 1,057 1,724 36 40 55 10 11 

Kenya8 ...................................... 23 31 38 67 5,392 5,035 6,869 95 95 112 618 10 1,909 3,107 24 10 39 58 35 11 

Madagascar ............................. 12 16 20 35 1,571 2,208 4,020 103 104 152 323 10 — 945 18 10 — 30 36 

Malawi ...................................... 10 12 15 155 1,401 2,695 3,198 68 135 120 61 487 636 8 31 29 5 Mali........................................... 8 11 13 11 395 1,017 1,823 26 59 91 84 258 7 612 7 18 7 35 5 

Morocco8 .................................. 24 28 31 69 2,484 3,670 3,879 67 92 107 1,194 1,541 — 35 38 — 256 2

Mozambique8 ........................... 13 18 21 27 1,260 2,544 4,904 67 75 114 160 124 512 8 6 21 5 12 

Niger......................................... 8 11 15 12 369 579 1,389 29 32 58 77 106 7 232 7 7 7 11 — 

Nigeria8..................................... 97 123 146 161 13,607 19,151 — 91 95 — 2,908 4,290 7 — 25 25 7 — 208 11,17 

Rwanda .................................... 7 8 10 423 1,100 1,432 2,190 70 105 151 70 130 288 8 11 22 2 18 

Senegal .................................... 7 9 12 61 708 1,108 1,618 59 68 84 — 250 593 16 16 31 19 South Africa.............................. 38 45 49 40 6,952 7,445 — 122 106 — 2,742 4,142 — 74 86 — 439 19 

Sudan8...................................... 26 34 42 18 2,043 2,567 4,352 53 47 69 732 980 1,580 24 25 33 60 15 2

Tunisia ...................................... 8 10 10 67 1,406 1,414 1,036 113 115 107 565 1,104 7 1,259 45 76 7 92 69 1

Uganda..................................... 17 24 31 159 2,470 20,21 6,559 7,964 74 20,21 127 120 245 10,21 547 1,145 13 10,21 16 25 18 

United Republic of Tanzania .... 25 34 40 45 3,379 4,382 8,602 70 68 110 167 — — 5 —— 7 13 

Zambia ..................................... 8 10 13 17 1,461 1,590 2,909 99 82 119 190 276 646 24 24 46 15 

Zimbabwe................................. 10 12 11 29 2,116 2,461 — 116 100 — 661 844 — 50 43 — 49 

Asia

Afghanistan8 ............................. 13 22 28 42 623 749 4,888 27 22 106 182 — — 9 — — 24 Bangladesh .............................. 112 132 151 1,162 11,940 — 16,002 14 72 — 92 14 3,593 10,329 — 19 44 — 434 7

Cambodia................................. 9 12 14 79 1,330 2,248 2,341 121 102 116 264 351 — 32 18 — 7 China........................................ 1,148 1,264 1,317 138 122,414 — 105,951 125 — 113 52,386 81,488 101,448 49 61 76 3,822 7,3India.......................................... 838 1,006 1,141 384 99,118 113,613 — 97 94 — 54,180 10 71,031 — 44 10 46 — 4,951 9,4

Indonesia.................................. 182 214 238 131 29,754 28,202 7 29,498 115 113 7 119 10,965 14,264 7 18,315 44 56 7 74 1,773 13 

Iran, Islamic Republic of........... 58 69 75 49 9,370 8,288 7,028 112 109 128 5,085 9,955 8,187 55 82 80 312 15 1,4

Iraq ........................................... 18 23 28 65 3,328 3,639 — 111 94 — 1,024 10 1,224 — 47 10 37 — 170 18 2Japan........................................ 124 127 127 349 9,373 7,529 7,166 100 100 102 11,026 8,782 7,356 97 101 101 2,899 13 3,9Kazakhstan .............................. 16 15 15 6 1,197 1,208 956 87 97 108 2,144 2,003 1,778 98 93 92 537 3

Korea, North (DPR).................. 20 21 23 187 — — — — ——— ——— ——— Korea, South (Republic of)....... 43 47 48 499 4,869 4,030 3,680 105 101 105 4,560 3,959 3,959 90 97 97 1,691 3,0Malaysia ................................... 18 23 27 83 2,456 3,026 — 94 97 — 1,456 2,205 — 56 65 — 121 5Myanmar .................................. 40 47 52 80 5,385 4,858 5,110 106 103 117 1,281 2,268 2,829 23 38 53 196 13 

Nepal8....................................... 19 25 28 197 2,789 3,780 9 4,419 108 118 9 — 709 1,348 2,305 33 35 — 94 

Pakistan.................................... 119 152 178 232 11,451 22 13,987 14 18,176 61 22 69 14 85 4,345 — 9,340 23 — 33 — Philippines................................ 65 81 96 322 10,427 — 13,411 111 — 110 4,034 — 6,509 73 — 82 1,709 Saudi Arabia............................. 16 21 25 12 1,877 — 3,211 73 — 98 893 — 2,885 44 — 95 154 4Sri Lanka8................................. 17 19 21 327 2,112 — 1,631 106 — 101 2,082 — — 74 — — 55 13,23 

Syrian Arab Republic ............... 13 16 21 116 2,452 2,775 2,356 108 104 124 914 1,069 2,626 52 41 74 222 Taiwan ...................................... 20 22 23 711 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Thailand.................................... 55 62 66 130 6,957 6,101 5,565 99 94 93 2,230 — 4,729 30 — 74 1,156 12 1,9

Turkey....................................... 57 67 76 99 6,862 6,562 6,760 99 98 99 3,808 5,658 6,709 47 70 82 750 1,5

Uzbekistan................................ 21 25 27 64 1,778 2,602 2,071 81 99 93 3,295 3,566 4,497 99 88 101 603 3Vietnam .................................... 67 79 88 282 8,862 10,063 6,872 103 106 — 3,236 7,926 9,543 32 65 — 130 7Yemen....................................... 12 17 22 42 2,679 17 2,464 7 3,282 79 17 74 7 85 212 17 1,151 7 — 23 17 43 7 — 53 13 1

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. #Rounds to zero.

1Selection based on total population for midyear 2008.2First-level enrollment consists of elementary school, typically corresponding to grades 1–6 in the United States.3Second-level enrollment includes general education, teacher training (at the second level), and technical and vocational education.

This level generally corresponds to secondary education in the United States, grades 7–12.

4Third-level enrollment includes college and university enrollment, and technical and vocational education beyond the secondaryschool level.5Data represent the total enrollment of all ages in the school level divided by the population of the specific age groups that correspond

to the school level. Adjustments have been made for the varying lengths of first and second level programs. Ratios may exceed 100because some countries have many students from outside the normal age range.

6Enrollment totals and ratios exclude Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Data do not include adult education or special education

provided outside regular schools.

7Estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.8Classification or data coverage of levels has been revised. Data by level may not be comparable over time.9Policy change in 1999–2000: introduction of free universal primary education.10General education enrollment only. Excludes teacher training and vocational education enrollments.11Excludes nonuniversity institutions (such as teacher training colleges and technical colleges) and excludes distance-learning universities.12Data for 1992–93. 13Data for 1991–92.

14National estimation.15Excludes private institutions. 16Data refer to universities and exclude Al Azhar. 17Data for 1993–94.18Data for 1985–86.19Not including the former Independent States of Transke, Bophuthatswana, Venda20Estimated.21Data refer to government aided and maintained schools only. 22Includes preprimary education.23Excludes some nonuniversity institutions.24Includes full-time students only.25Data include both former East and West Germany.26Not including former ISCED level 7.27Including vocational education.28Data do not include Vocational Education and Training Institutes (VETS).NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures.SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESlations; and tables 3B, 5, and 14, retrieved June 30, 2010, from http://stats.uis.unesU.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, International Data Base, retrievewww/idb/region.php. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Europe

Belgium .................................... 10 10 10 344 719 774 733 101 106 103 769 1,058 817 103 146 108 276 3Czech Republic ........................ 10 10 10 132 546 645 460 96 103 103 1,268 958 904 91 88 95 118 24 2

France ...................................... 58 61 64 100 4,149 3,885 4,139 108 105 110 5,522 5,929 5,899 99 109 113 1,699 2,0Germany25................................ 79 82 82 236 3,431 3,656 3,236 101 106 105 7,398 8,307 7,907 98 99 102 2,049 

Greece...................................... 10 11 11 82 813 645 — 98 96 — 851 739 — 93 89 — 283 4

Italy8.......................................... 57 58 58 198 3,056 2,836 — 103 103 — 5,118 4,404 — 83 93 — 1,452 1,7

Netherlands8 ............................ 15 16 17 491 1,082 1,279 1,286 102 108 107 1,402 1,379 1,461 120 123 121 479 4

Poland8 ..................................... 38 39 39 127 5,189 3,319 — 98 99 — 1,888 3,988 — 81 100 — 545 1,5

Portugal.................................... 10 10 11 117 1,020 811 — 123 124 — 670 831 — 67 107 — 186 3Romania8.................................. 23 22 22 96 1,253 1,189 865 91 103 100 2,838 2,226 1,934 92 81 92 193 4Russian Federation.................. 148 147 141 14 7,596 6,138 4,969 109 106 97 13,956 — 10,087 93 — 85 5,100 Spain8 ....................................... 39 41 46 92 2,820 2,540 2,625 109 105 107 4,755 3,246 3,069 104 111 120 1,222 1,8

Ukraine8.................................... 52 49 46 79 3,991 2,079 1,573 89 109 98 3,408 5,204 3,499 93 99 94 1,652 1,8

United Kingdom8 ...................... 57 59 62 255 4,533 4,632 4,465 104 101 106 4,336 5,315 5,356 85 102 99 1,258 2,0

North America

Canada..................................... 28 31 33 4 2,376 2,456 — 103 99 — 2,292 2,519 — 101 103 — 1,917 1,2

Cuba......................................... 11 11 11 104 888 1,046 871 98 111 102 1,002 790 866 89 79 91 242 1

Guatemala................................ 9 11 13 121 1,165 1,909 2,501 78 104 114 295 13 504 903 23 13 38 57 70 12 

Mexico...................................... 85 100 110 57 14,402 14,766 14,699 114 111 114 6,704 9,094 11,444 53 73 90 1,311 1,9United States............................ 250 282 304 33 22,429 24,973 24,677 102 100 99 19,270 22,594 24,693 93 93 94 13,819 13,2

South America

Argentina.................................. 33 37 40 15 4,965 4,728 — 106 115 — 2,160 3,428 — 71 88 — 1,008 13 1,7Brazil......................................... 151 176 196 23 28,944 20,212 17,812 106 151 127 3,499 26,097 23,646 38 104 101 1,540 26 2,7

Chile ......................................... 13 15 16 22 1,991 1,799 — 100 100 — 720 1,391 — 73 83 — 262 13 4Colombia .................................. 33 39 43 39 4,247 5,221 5,286 102 119 120 2,378 13 3,569 4,772 50 13 72 91 487 9

Ecuador.................................... 10 12 14 52 1,846 1,925 2,041 7 116 115 118 7 786 27 917 1,247 7 55 27 57 76 7 207 Peru.......................................... 22 26 29 23 3,855 4,338 3,855 118 122 109 1,698 2,374 2,609 67 85 89 678 Venezuela................................. 19 23 26 30 4,053 3,328 3,439 96 102 103 281 1,543 2,224 35 59 81 550 6

Oceania

Australia8 .................................. 17 19 21 3 1,583 1,906 1,978 108 101 106 1,278 2,589 2,538 82 162 149 485 28 8

Table 404. Selected population and enrollment statistics for countries with populations over 10 million in 2008, by continent: Selected years, 1990 through 2008—Country1

Midyear population 

(in millions) 

 Persons

per

square

kilometer,

2008

First level2 Second level3 

1990 2000 2008

Enrollment (in thousands) Gross enrollment ratio5 Enrollment (in thousands) Gross enrollment ratio5 Enrollment (in 

1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-2000 2007-08 1989-90 1999-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.1Data are for the 5- to 13-year-old population.2Data are for the 14- to 17-year-old population.3Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributesequally. The average is omitted for years in which less than 75 percent of the countries reported data.

4Country did not exist in its current form in the given year.5Data for 1985 are for the former West Germany.SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECDthrough 2001; and Online Education Database, retrieved June 10, 2010, fro

was prepared June 2010.)

Table 405. School-age populations as a percentage of total population, by age group and country: Selected years, 1985 through 2007Country

5- to 14-year-olds as a percent of total population 15- to 19-year-olds as a percent of 

19851 19901 19951 1996 1998 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 19852 19902 19952 1996 1998 1999 2002 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 

OECD average3 ................... — — 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 — — 6 7 7 7 7 

Australia....................................... 14 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 13 13 7 6 6 7 7 7 7 Austria ......................................... — — — — — — 12 12 11 11 11 11 — — — — — — 6 Belgium........................................ 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 Canada ........................................ 13 12 12 13 14 14 — 13 13 13 12 12 6 5 5 7 7 7 — Chile ............................................ — — — — — — 19 18 18 18 17 16 — — — — — — 9 Czech Republic............................ (4) (4) 12 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 10 (4) (4)68877

Denmark...................................... 12 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 Finland......................................... 11 12 11 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 France.......................................... 13 12 12 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 6 6 5 7 7 7 7 Germany5 .................................... 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 6 4 4 5 6 6 6 

Greece......................................... — — 11 12 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 — 5 6 7 7 7 6 Hungary....................................... — — — — — — 12 11 11 11 11 10 — — — — — — 6 

Iceland......................................... 16 15 14 16 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 14 7 7 6 8 8 8 7 Ireland.......................................... 18 18 15 17 16 15 14 14 14 14 13 13 8 8 8 9 9 9 8 Italy .............................................. 13 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 6 6 5 6 6 5 5 Japan........................................... 14 12 10 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 6 7 5 7 6 6 6 Korea, Republic of ....................... — — 14 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 — — 7 9 9 8 7 

Luxembourg................................. 10 10 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 12 5 4 4 5 6 6 6 Mexico ......................................... — — — — — — 22 22 22 21 21 21 — — — — — — 10 Netherlands ................................. 12 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 7 5 5 6 6 6 6 New Zealand................................ 15 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 Norway......................................... 13 11 11 13 13 13 13 14 14 13 13 13 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 Poland.......................................... — — — — — — 13 13 12 12 12 11 — — — — — — 9 Portugal ....................................... — — — — — — 10 11 10 10 10 10 — — — — — — 6 Slovak Republic ........................... (4) (4) — — — — 13 13 13 12 12 11 (4) (4) — — — — 8 

Spain ........................................... 15 13 10 11 11 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 7 7 6 8 7 7 6 Sweden........................................ 11 10 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 11 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 Switzerland .................................. 11 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 Turkey .......................................... 21 21 20 20 21 21 — 19 19 19 19 19 9 9 9 11 11 11 — United Kingdom ........................... 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 United States ............................... 13 13 13 15 14 15 15 14 14 14 14 13 6 5 6 7 7 7 7 Reporting partner countries

Brazil........................................ — — — — — — 20 21 20 19 19 18 — — — — — — 11 Estonia..................................... (4) (4) — — — — — — — 11 10 10 (4) (4) — — — — — Israel ........................................ — — — — — — 18 18 18 18 18 18 — — — — — — 9 Russian Federation.................. (4) (4) 14 — — 14 12 12 11 10 10 10 (4) (4) — — — — 8 Slovenia ................................... (4) (4) — — — — — — — 10 10 9 (4) (4) — — — — — 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.#Rounds to zero.1Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributesequally. The average is omitted for years in which less than 75 percent of the countries reported data.2Country did not exist in its current form in the given year.3Data for 1985 are for the former West Germany.NOTE: Data refer to programs classified by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 3, level 5A (first and second award), level 5B, and level 6. ISCEDlevel 3 corresponds to secondary education in the United States. ISCED levels 5A (first and second award), 5B, and 6

together make up total tertiary education, which corresponds to 2-year and 4grams in the United States. Includes both full-time and part-time students. Somore complete reporting by countries. Enrollment figures may not be directly secondary (tertiary) education and the age at which it begins. Differences in retion data can result in enrollment rates that exceed 100 percent.SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD

through 2001; and Online Education Database, retrieved June 10, 2010, frowas prepared June 2010.)

Table 406. Percentage of population enrolled in secondary and postsecondary education, by age group and country: Selected years, 1985 through 2007Country

Secondary education, 2007 Postsecondary education (total tertiary education)

16

years old

17

years old

18 to 21 years old 18 to 21 years old 22 to 25 years old 

Total

18

years old

19

years old

20

years old

21

years old 1985 1990 1999 2005 2007 1985 1990 1999 2005 2007 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 

OECD average1 ................... 91 83 25 53 27 14 9 — — 25 29 28 — — 18 22 23 

Australia....................................... 93 79 25 38 25 20 17 — — 31 34 34 — — 15 21 22 Austria ......................................... 91 76 19 46 19 8 4 — — 15 16 17 — — 20 20 22 Belgium........................................ 102 100 23 47 23 13 10 25 — 42 43 43 7 — 15 19 19 Canada ........................................ — — — — — — — — — 27 — 22 — — 18 — 15 Chile ............................................ 91 86 12 31 10 3 2 — — — — 29 — — — — 21 Czech Republic............................ 100 96 32 82 37 7 3 (2) (2) 17 23 24 (2) (2) 12 21 24 

Denmark...................................... 91 84 49 80 57 34 24 7 7 8 10 11 16 18 27 34 34 Finland......................................... 96 95 40 93 33 17 16 9 14 23 24 23 17 21 35 40 39 France.......................................... 95 88 22 49 24 10 4 19 25 35 36 36 10 12 20 20 19 Germany3 .................................... 95 91 39 82 40 20 14 9 9 11 13 13 — 16 19 23 23 

Greece......................................... 89 75 13 18 10 6 18 — — 54 65 47 — — 7 18 26 Hungary....................................... 95 92 25 62 22 11 6 — — 20 29 30 — — 14 23 24 

Iceland......................................... 93 85 51 74 67 36 23 — — 7 12 11 — — 21 28 28 Ireland.......................................... 101 79 9 31 4 1 1 — 21 33 38 38 — — 11 13 13 Italy .............................................. 89 83 26 75 20 6 3 — — 22 29 27 — — 21 23 25 Japan........................................... 96 95 1 3 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — Korea, Republic of ....................... 91 92 1 5 # # # — — 51 65 69 — — 26 32 34 

Luxembourg................................. 83 79 37 68 43 24 12 — — — — — — — — — — Mexico ......................................... 58 44 13 18 28 3 2 — — 12 16 17 — — 8 9 9 Netherlands ................................. 98 86 37 61 42 28 16 14 18 26 29 31 12 13 20 24 25 New Zealand................................ 87 70 13 25 12 9 7 — 21 29 34 34 — 15 14 23 22 Norway......................................... 95 93 41 88 42 20 11 9 14 19 19 20 14 17 28 30 29 Poland.......................................... 97 95 35 92 36 12 5 — — 21 31 33 — — 21 30 31 Portugal ....................................... 90 80 22 45 25 13 8 6 — 25 27 27 5 — 17 21 20 Slovak Republic ........................... 94 90 30 80 36 7 2 (2) (2) — 22 25 (2) (2) — 16 19 

Spain ........................................... 93 83 21 41 23 13 8 15 21 32 34 34 11 14 24 22 22 Sweden........................................ 99 97 39 93 28 17 13 8 9 16 17 16 11 11 25 32 30 Switzerland .................................. 91 87 39 78 47 20 9 6 6 10 12 12 11 12 17 20 21 Turkey .......................................... 60 37 6 23 — — — — 7 14 20 24 — 4 9 11 13 United Kingdom ........................... 90 74 12 26 10 6 5 15 16 29 28 29 7 11 12 13 13 United States ............................... 93 81 8 26 4 # # 37 41 44 45 45 15 17 18 23 24 Reporting partner countries

Brazil........................................ 87 77 33 55 35 23 17 — — — 10 12 — — — 9 11 Estonia..................................... 96 89 27 73 21 8 4 (2) (2) — 32 31 (2) (2) — 22 23 Israel ........................................ 94 90 6 20 2 1 # — — — 12 12 — — — 25 26 Russian Federation.................. 73 36 5 13 5 1 1 (2) (2) — 41 — (2) (2) — 26 — Slovenia ................................... 98 96 27 84 26 — — (2) (2) — 37 40 (2) (2) — 35 38 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable. This level of education does not exist within the national education structure; students in the age group normally associated with this education level are reported in other levels.1Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributesequally. The average is omitted for years in which less than 75 percent of the countries reported data.2Public schools only.3Includes only general programs.4Includes junior high school data.5Includes preprimary data.6Excludes independent private institutions. 7Includes postsecondary non-higher-education.8Includes elementary school data.

9Country did not exist in its current form in the given year.10Includes tertiary type B education (i.e., occupation-specific education co

degree level in the United States).

11Data for 1985 are for the former West Germany.12Data included for Greece 2008 are from 2007. 13Excludes part-time personnel in public institutions.14Excludes general programs.

NOTE: In the U.S. data in this table, elementary school corresponds to grades grades 7 through 9, and senior high school corresponds to grades 10 through SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECDAccounts, Vol. 1, 1997; and Education at a Glance, 2002 through 2010. (This 

Table 407. Pupils per teacher in public and private elementary and secondary schools, by level of education and country: Selected years, 1985 through 2008Country

Elementary Junior high school (lower secondary) Senior high s

1985 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1985 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1985 1990 2000 2004 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 

OECD average1 — — 17.7 17.3 17.1 16.5 16.3 16.1 — — — 15.0 14.2 13.8 13.6 13.5 — — 13.7 13.2 

Australia.................. 13.8 2 — 17.3 16.4 16.2 16.0 15.9 15.8 — — — — — — — — 3.2 — — 12.3 3,4 

Austria .................... 11.3 11.6 — 15.1 14.1 13.9 13.6 12.9 9.2 7.7 — 10.4 10.6 10.4 10.3 9.9 15.2 12.4 — 11.0 Belgium................... — — 15.0 5 12.9 12.8 12.6 12.6 6 12.6 6 — — — 10.6 9.4 9.4 9.2 6 8.1 6 — — 9.7 4,7 9.2 7 Canada ................... 18.1 17.1 18.1 — — — — — 16.0 15.5 18.1 — — — — — 16.0 15.3 19.5 — Chile ....................... — — — 27.1 25.9 25.5 24.7 24.1 — — — 44.3 25.9 25.5 24.7 24.1 — — — 26.8 

Czech Republic....... (9) (9) 19.7 17.9 17.5 17.3 18.7 18.1 (9) (9) 14.7 13.5 13.5 12.3 12.3 11.8 (9) (9) 11.5 12.6 

Denmark................. 12.7 11.2 10.4 — — — — — 10.2 9.3 11.4 11.3 8 11.9 8 11.4 8 11.2 8 10.1 8 14.8 13.3 14.4 — 

Finland.................... — — 16.9 16.3 15.9 15.0 15.0 14.4 — — 10.7 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.9 10.6 — — 17.0 7,10 16.2 7,10 

France..................... — — 19.8 19.4 19.4 19.3 6 19.7 6 19.9 6 — — 14.7 14.1 14.2 14.1 6 14.3 6 14.6 6 — — 10.4 10.3 Germany11 .............. 20.7 20.3 19.8 18.8 18.8 18.7 18.3 18.0 16.9 14.6 15.7 15.6 15.5 15.5 15.2 15.0 23.7 21.0 13.9 13.9 

Greece.................... — — 13.4 11.3 11.1 10.6 10.1 10.1 12 — — 10.8 8.2 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.7 12 — — 10.5 8.4 

Hungary.................. — — 10.9 10.7 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.6 — — 10.9 10.2 10.4 10.2 10.2 10.9 — — 11.4 7 12.3 

Iceland.................... — — — — — — — — — — 12.7 8 11.4 8 11.3 8 10.6 8 10.4 8 10.0 8 — — 9.7 11.1 

Ireland..................... — — 21.5 18.3 17.9 19.4 17.9 17.8 — — — — — — — — 7.2 8.3 15.9 4,7 14.3 4,7 Italy ......................... 12.8 10.7 11.0 10.7 10.6 10.7 10.5 10.6 2 9.6 8.5 10.4 10.3 10.1 10.3 9.4 9.7 2 10.8 10.7 10.2 11.5 Japan...................... — 20.8 2 20.9 19.6 19.4 19.2 19.0 18.8 — 18.6 16.8 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.8 14.7 — 16.2 14.0 13.2 7 Korea, Republic of .. — — 32.1 29.1 28.0 26.7 25.6 24.1 — — 21.5 20.4 20.8 20.8 20.5 20.2 — — 20.9 15.9 Luxembourg............ — — 15.9 2 — — 11.3 2 11.2 2 12.1 2 — — — — — — — — — — 9.2 2,4 9.0 2,4 Mexico .................... — — 27.2 28.5 28.3 28.0 28.0 28.0 — — 34.8 33.7 33.7 33.4 33.3 33.9 — — 26.5 25.2 

Netherlands ............ 20.2 19.2 16.8 5 15.9 5 15.9 5 15.3 5 15.6 5 15.8 2,5 12.7 12.4 — — — — — — — — 17.1 4 15.8 4 

New Zealand........... 20.1 19.1 20.6 16.7 18.1 17.7 17.5 17.1 — — 19.9 17.3 16.8 16.6 16.2 16.2 — — 13.1 12.5 

Norway.................... — — 12.4 11.9 2 — 10.9 2 11.0 2 10.8 2 — — 9.9 10.5 2 — 10.2 2 10.2 2 10.1 2 — — 9.7 9.6 2,7 

Poland..................... — — 12.7 — 11.7 11.5 11.0 10.5 — — 11.5 — 12.7 12.6 12.4 12.9 — — 16.9 — Portugal .................. — — 12.1 11.1 10.8 10.6 11.8 11.3 — — 10.4 10.0 8.2 8.3 7.9 8.1 — — 7.9 7.3 Slovak Republic ...... (9) (9) 18.3 18.9 18.9 18.6 17.9 18.6 (9) (9) 13.5 13.9 14.1 13.7 13.9 14.5 (9) (9) 12.8 14.2 Spain ...................... 26.8 21.2 14.9 14.3 14.3 14.2 13.6 13.1 21.4 18.8 — 12.9 12.5 12.5 11.7 10.3 15.3 14.8 11.9 4 8.0 

Sweden................... 11.6 10.6 12.8 12.1 12.2 12.1 12.3 12.2 10.8 10.2 12.8 11.9 12.0 11.4 11.5 11.4 13.1 11.9 15.2 14.0 

Switzerland ............. — — — 14.3 2 14.6 2 15.1 2 14.8 2 15.4 2 — — — 11.2 2 11.7 2 12.3 2 12.3 2 12.1 2 — — — 11.1 2 

Turkey ..................... 31.1 30.6 30.5 26.5 25.8 26.7 26.2 24.4 41.3 48.4 — † † † † † 11.0 12.1 14.0 16.9 United Kingdom ...... 19.7 22.0 21.2 21.1 20.7 19.8 19.4 20.2 — 18.5 17.6 3 17.1 17.0 16.7 16.7 15.0 11.1 13.9 12.5 3 12.3 3,7 United States .......... 17.0 15.6 15.8 15.0 14.9 14.6 14.6 14.3 16.5 15.9 16.3 15.2 15.1 14.7 14.7 14.8 16.2 15.8 14.1 16.0 

Reporting partner 

countries

Brazil....................... — — — 23.5 22.9 22.5 25.8 24.5 — — — 18.8 18.1 17.6 22.3 21.2 — — — 18.3 

Estonia.................... (9) (9) — — — 14.1 14.4 16.4 (9) (9) — — — 12.3 11.4 16.0 (9) (9) — — 

Israel....................... — — — 16.9 17.3 17.2 16.4 16.3 — — — 14.1 13.4 14.1 12.4 12.2 — — — 12.2 

Russian Federation. (9) (9) — 17.0 — — 17.0 2 17.3 2,13 (9) (9)— — — — — — (9) (9) — 10.3 4,7 

Slovenia.................. (9) (9) — — 15.0 14.9 15.2 15.8 (9) (9) — — 11.1 10.2 9.5 8.9 (9) (9) — — 
598 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Act

1Illustrates how a country compares with the OECD area as a whole. Computed taking the

OECD countries as a single entity, to which each country contributes in proportion to the

number of 15-year-olds enrolled in its schools.

2Refers to the mean of the data values for all OECD countries, to which each country contributes equally, regardless of the absolute size of the student population of each country.

NOTE: PISA scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. Standard errors appear in

parentheses.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for

International Student Assessment (PISA), 2009, PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know

and Can Do—Student Performance in Reading, Mathematics and Science (Volume I).

(This table was prepared December 2010.)

Table 408. Average reading literacy, mathematics literacy, and science literacy scores of 15-year-old students, by sex and country: 2009

Country or other jurisdiction

Reading literacy Mathematics literacy Science literacy

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

OECD total1............... 492 (1.2) 475 (1.4) 508 (1.2) 488 (1.2) 496 (1.3) 481 (1.3) 496 (1.2) 498 (1.5) 494 (1.3)

OECD average2 ......... 493 (0.5) 474 (0.6) 513 (0.5) 496 (0.5) 501 (0.6) 490 (0.6) 501 (0.5) 501 (0.6) 501 (0.6)

Australia............................. 515 (2.3) 496 (2.9) 533 (2.6) 514 (2.5) 519 (3.0) 509 (2.8) 527 (2.5) 527 (3.1) 528 (2.8)

Austria ............................... 470 (2.9) 449 (3.8) 490 (4.0) 496 (2.7) 506 (3.4) 486 (4.0) 494 (3.2) 498 (4.2) 490 (4.4)

Belgium.............................. 506 (2.3) 493 (3.4) 520 (2.9) 515 (2.3) 526 (3.3) 504 (3.0) 507 (2.5) 510 (3.6) 503 (3.2)

Canada .............................. 524 (1.5) 507 (1.8) 542 (1.7) 527 (1.6) 533 (2.0) 521 (1.7) 529 (1.6) 531 (1.9) 526 (1.9)

Chile .................................. 449 (3.1) 439 (3.9) 461 (3.6) 421 (3.1) 431 (3.7) 410 (3.6) 447 (2.9) 452 (3.5) 443 (3.5)

Czech Republic.................. 478 (2.9) 456 (3.7) 504 (3.0) 493 (2.8) 495 (3.9) 490 (3.0) 500 (3.0) 498 (4.0) 503 (3.2)

Denmark............................ 495 (2.1) 480 (2.5) 509 (2.5) 503 (2.6) 511 (3.0) 495 (2.9) 499 (2.5) 505 (3.0) 494 (2.9)

Estonia............................... 501 (2.6) 480 (2.9) 524 (2.8) 512 (2.6) 516 (2.9) 508 (2.9) 528 (2.7) 527 (3.1) 528 (3.1)

Finland............................... 536 (2.3) 508 (2.6) 563 (2.4) 541 (2.2) 542 (2.5) 539 (2.5) 554 (2.3) 546 (2.7) 562 (2.6)

France................................ 496 (3.4) 475 (4.3) 515 (3.4) 497 (3.1) 505 (3.8) 489 (3.4) 498 (3.6) 500 (4.6) 497 (3.5)

Germany............................ 497 (2.7) 478 (3.6) 518 (2.9) 513 (2.9) 520 (3.6) 505 (3.3) 520 (2.8) 523 (3.7) 518 (3.3)

Greece............................... 483 (4.3) 459 (5.5) 506 (3.5) 466 (3.9) 473 (5.4) 459 (3.3) 470 (4.0) 465 (5.1) 475 (3.7)

Hungary............................. 494 (3.2) 475 (3.9) 513 (3.6) 490 (3.5) 496 (4.2) 484 (3.9) 503 (3.1) 503 (3.8) 503 (3.5)

Iceland............................... 500 (1.4) 478 (2.1) 522 (1.9) 507 (1.4) 508 (2.0) 505 (1.9) 496 (1.4) 496 (2.1) 495 (2.0)

Ireland................................ 496 (3.0) 476 (4.2) 515 (3.1) 487 (2.5) 491 (3.4) 483 (3.0) 508 (3.3) 507 (4.3) 509 (3.8)

Israel.................................. 474 (3.6) 452 (5.2) 495 (3.4) 447 (3.3) 451 (4.7) 443 (3.3) 455 (3.1) 453 (4.4) 456 (3.2)

Italy .................................... 486 (1.6) 464 (2.3) 510 (1.9) 483 (1.9) 490 (2.3) 475 (2.2) 489 (1.8) 488 (2.5) 490 (2.0)

Japan................................. 520 (3.5) 501 (5.6) 540 (3.7) 529 (3.3) 534 (5.3) 524 (3.9) 539 (3.4) 534 (5.5) 545 (3.9)

Korea, Republic of ............. 539 (3.5) 523 (4.9) 558 (3.8) 546 (4.0) 548 (6.2) 544 (4.5) 538 (3.4) 537 (5.0) 539 (4.2)

Luxembourg....................... 472 (1.3) 453 (1.9) 492 (1.5) 489 (1.2) 499 (2.0) 479 (1.3) 484 (1.2) 487 (2.0) 480 (1.6)

Mexico ............................... 425 (2.0) 413 (2.1) 438 (2.1) 419 (1.8) 425 (2.1) 412 (1.9) 416 (1.8) 419 (2.0) 413 (1.9)

Netherlands ....................... 508 (5.1) 496 (5.1) 521 (5.3) 526 (4.7) 534 (4.8) 517 (5.1) 522 (5.4) 524 (5.3) 520 (5.9)

New Zealand...................... 521 (2.4) 499 (3.6) 544 (2.6) 519 (2.3) 523 (3.2) 515 (2.9) 532 (2.6) 529 (4.0) 535 (2.9)

Norway............................... 503 (2.6) 480 (3.0) 527 (2.9) 498 (2.4) 500 (2.7) 495 (2.8) 500 (2.6) 498 (3.0) 502 (2.8)

Poland................................ 500 (2.6) 476 (2.8) 525 (2.9) 495 (2.8) 497 (3.0) 493 (3.2) 508 (2.4) 505 (2.7) 511 (2.8)

Portugal ............................. 489 (3.1) 470 (3.5) 508 (2.9) 487 (2.9) 493 (3.3) 481 (3.1) 493 (2.9) 491 (3.4) 495 (3.0)

Slovak Republic ................. 477 (2.5) 452 (3.5) 503 (2.8) 497 (3.1) 498 (3.7) 495 (3.4) 490 (3.0) 490 (4.0) 491 (3.2)

Slovenia ............................. 483 (1.0) 456 (1.6) 511 (1.4) 501 (1.2) 502 (1.8) 501 (1.7) 512 (1.1) 505 (1.7) 519 (1.6)

Spain ................................. 481 (2.0) 467 (2.2) 496 (2.2) 483 (2.1) 493 (2.3) 474 (2.5) 488 (2.1) 492 (2.5) 485 (2.3)

Sweden.............................. 497 (2.9) 475 (3.2) 521 (3.1) 494 (2.9) 493 (3.1) 495 (3.3) 495 (2.7) 493 (3.0) 497 (3.2)

Switzerland ........................ 501 (2.4) 481 (2.9) 520 (2.7) 534 (3.3) 544 (3.7) 524 (3.4) 517 (2.8) 520 (3.2) 512 (3.0)

Turkey ................................ 464 (3.5) 443 (3.7) 486 (4.1) 445 (4.4) 451 (4.6) 440 (5.6) 454 (3.6) 448 (3.8) 460 (4.5)

United Kingdom ................. 494 (2.3) 481 (3.5) 507 (2.9) 492 (2.4) 503 (3.2) 482 (3.3) 514 (2.5) 519 (3.6) 509 (3.2)

United States ..................... 500 (3.7) 488 (4.2) 513 (3.8) 487 (3.6) 497 (4.0) 477 (3.8) 502 (3.6) 509 (4.2) 495 (3.7)

Reporting partner 

countries

Albania........................... 385 (4.0) 355 (5.1) 417 (3.9) 377 (4.0) 372 (4.7) 383 (4.2) 391 (3.9) 377 (4.8) 406 (4.0)

Argentina ....................... 398 (4.6) 379 (5.1) 415 (4.9) 388 (4.1) 394 (4.5) 383 (4.4) 401 (4.6) 397 (5.1) 404 (4.8)

Azerbaijan...................... 362 (3.3) 350 (3.7) 374 (3.3) 431 (2.8) 435 (3.1) 427 (3.0) 373 (3.1) 370 (3.4) 377 (3.2)

Brazil.............................. 412 (2.7) 397 (2.9) 425 (2.8) 386 (2.4) 394 (2.4) 379 (2.6) 405 (2.4) 407 (2.6) 404 (2.6)

Bulgaria.......................... 429 (6.7) 400 (7.3) 461 (5.8) 428 (5.9) 426 (6.2) 430 (6.0) 439 (5.9) 430 (6.8) 450 (5.3)

Colombia........................ 413 (3.7) 408 (4.5) 418 (4.0) 381 (3.2) 398 (4.0) 366 (3.3) 402 (3.6) 413 (4.3) 392 (3.7)

Croatia ........................... 476 (2.9) 452 (3.4) 503 (3.7) 460 (3.1) 465 (3.6) 454 (3.9) 486 (2.8) 482 (3.5) 491 (3.9)

Dubai (UAE)................... 459 (1.1) 435 (1.7) 485 (1.5) 453 (1.1) 454 (1.5) 451 (1.6) 466 (1.2) 453 (1.8) 480 (1.6)

Hong Kong-China .......... 533 (2.1) 518 (3.3) 550 (2.8) 555 (2.7) 561 (4.2) 547 (3.4) 549 (2.8) 550 (3.8) 548 (3.4)

Indonesia ....................... 402 (3.7) 383 (3.8) 420 (3.9) 371 (3.7) 371 (4.1) 372 (4.0) 383 (3.8) 378 (4.2) 387 (4.0)

Jordan............................ 405 (3.3) 377 (4.7) 434 (4.1) 387 (3.7) 386 (5.1) 387 (5.2) 415 (3.5) 398 (5.5) 433 (4.2)

Kazakhstan .................... 390 (3.1) 369 (3.2) 412 (3.4) 405 (3.0) 405 (3.1) 405 (3.3) 400 (3.1) 396 (3.4) 405 (3.5)

Kyrgyzstan ..................... 314 (3.2) 287 (3.8) 340 (3.2) 331 (2.9) 328 (3.4) 334 (2.8) 330 (2.9) 318 (3.7) 340 (2.9)

Latvia ............................. 484 (3.0) 460 (3.4) 507 (3.1) 482 (3.1) 483 (3.5) 481 (3.4) 494 (3.1) 490 (3.7) 497 (3.2)

Liechtenstein.................. 499 (2.8) 484 (4.5) 516 (4.5) 536 (4.1) 547 (5.2) 523 (5.9) 520 (3.4) 527 (5.0) 511 (5.1)

Lithuania ........................ 468 (2.4) 439 (2.8) 498 (2.6) 477 (2.6) 474 (3.1) 480 (3.0) 491 (2.9) 483 (3.5) 500 (2.9)

Macao-China ................. 487 (0.9) 470 (1.3) 504 (1.2) 525 (0.9) 531 (1.3) 520 (1.4) 511 (1.0) 510 (1.3) 512 (1.2)

Montenegro.................... 408 (1.7) 382 (2.1) 434 (2.1) 403 (2.0) 408 (2.2) 396 (2.4) 401 (2.0) 395 (2.4) 408 (2.6)

Panama.......................... 371 (6.5) 354 (7.0) 387 (7.3) 360 (5.2) 362 (5.6) 357 (6.1) 376 (5.7) 375 (6.4) 377 (6.6)

Peru ............................... 370 (4.0) 359 (4.2) 381 (4.9) 365 (4.0) 374 (4.6) 356 (4.4) 369 (3.5) 372 (3.7) 367 (4.4)

Qatar.............................. 372 (0.8) 347 (1.3) 397 (1.0) 368 (0.7) 366 (1.2) 371 (1.0) 379 (0.9) 366 (1.4) 393 (1.0)

Romania ........................ 424 (4.1) 403 (4.6) 445 (4.3) 427 (3.4) 429 (3.9) 425 (3.8) 428 (3.4) 423 (3.9) 433 (3.7)

Russian Federation........ 459 (3.3) 437 (3.6) 482 (3.4) 468 (3.3) 469 (3.7) 467 (3.5) 478 (3.3) 477 (3.7) 480 (3.5)

Serbia ............................ 442 (2.4) 422 (3.3) 462 (2.5) 442 (2.9) 448 (3.8) 437 (3.2) 443 (2.4) 442 (3.1) 443 (2.8)

Shanghai-China ............. 556 (2.4) 536 (3.0) 576 (2.3) 600 (2.8) 599 (3.7) 601 (3.1) 575 (2.3) 574 (3.1) 575 (2.3)

Singapore ...................... 526 (1.1) 511 (1.7) 542 (1.5) 562 (1.4) 565 (1.9) 559 (2.0) 542 (1.4) 541 (1.8) 542 (1.8)

Chinese Taipei ............... 495 (2.6) 477 (3.7) 514 (3.6) 543 (3.4) 546 (4.8) 541 (4.8) 520 (2.6) 520 (3.7) 521 (4.0)

Thailand ......................... 421 (2.6) 400 (3.3) 438 (3.1) 419 (3.2) 421 (3.9) 417 (3.8) 425 (3.0) 418 (3.8) 431 (3.4)

Trinidad and Tobago....... 416 (1.2) 387 (1.9) 445 (1.6) 414 (1.3) 410 (2.3) 418 (1.5) 410 (1.2) 401 (2.1) 419 (1.4)

Tunisia............................ 404 (2.9) 387 (3.2) 418 (3.0) 371 (3.0) 378 (3.3) 366 (3.2) 401 (2.7) 401 (2.9) 400 (2.8)

Uruguay ......................... 426 (2.6) 404 (3.2) 445 (2.8) 427 (2.6) 433 (3.0) 421 (2.9) 427 (2.6) 427 (3.2) 428 (2.6)
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 409. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each reading literacy proficiency level, by country: 2009Country or other jurisdiction Mean score

Percentage distribution at levels of proficiency1

Below level 1 Level 1b Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

OECD total2............... 492 (1.2) 1.1 (0.07) 4.8 (0.15) 13.8 (0.26) 24.4 (0.30) 27.9 (0.32) 19.9 (0.31) 

OECD average3 ......... 493 (0.5) 1.1 (0.05) 4.6 (0.08) 13.1 (0.13) 24.0 (0.16) 28.9 (0.16) 20.7 (0.16) 

Australia............................. 515 (2.3) 1.0 (0.12) 3.3 (0.27) 10.0 (0.39) 20.4 (0.57) 28.5 (0.73) 24.1 (0.65) Austria ............................... 470 (2.9) 1.9 (0.42) 8.1 (0.81) 17.5 (0.99) 24.1 (0.96) 26.0 (0.92) 17.4 (0.85) 

Belgium.............................. 506 (2.3) 1.1 (0.25) 4.7 (0.46) 11.9 (0.64) 20.3 (0.67) 25.8 (0.85) 24.9 (0.75) Canada .............................. 524 (1.5) 0.4 (0.06) 2.0 (0.19) 7.9 (0.34) 20.2 (0.61) 30.0 (0.69) 26.8 (0.58) 

Chile .................................. 449 (3.1) 1.3 (0.24) 7.4 (0.77) 21.9 (0.95) 33.2 (1.11) 25.6 (1.15) 9.3 (0.71) 

Czech Republic.................. 478 (2.9) 0.8 (0.29) 5.5 (0.60) 16.8 (1.06) 27.4 (0.99) 27.0 (1.00) 17.4 (0.97) 

Denmark............................ 495 (2.1) 0.4 (0.11) 3.1 (0.30) 11.7 (0.72) 26.0 (0.94) 33.1 (1.21) 20.9 (1.11) 

Estonia............................... 501 (2.6) 0.3 (0.13) 2.4 (0.38) 10.6 (0.86) 25.6 (1.26) 33.8 (1.00) 21.2 (0.81) Finland............................... 536 (2.3) 0.2 (0.07) 1.5 (0.20) 6.4 (0.44) 16.7 (0.62) 30.1 (0.85) 30.6 (0.88) France................................ 496 (3.4) 2.3 (0.52) 5.6 (0.53) 11.8 (0.84) 21.1 (1.03) 27.2 (1.04) 22.4 (1.07) Germany............................ 497 (2.7) 0.8 (0.23) 4.4 (0.46) 13.3 (0.79) 22.2 (0.87) 28.8 (1.09) 22.8 (0.88) Greece............................... 483 (4.3) 1.4 (0.38) 5.6 (0.86) 14.3 (1.07) 25.6 (1.06) 29.3 (1.20) 18.2 (0.98) Hungary............................. 494 (3.2) 0.6 (0.23) 4.7 (0.82) 12.3 (0.95) 23.8 (1.24) 31.0 (1.25) 21.6 (1.11) 

Iceland............................... 500 (1.4) 1.1 (0.18) 4.2 (0.43) 11.5 (0.71) 22.2 (0.80) 30.6 (0.94) 21.9 (0.84) 

Ireland................................ 496 (3.0) 1.5 (0.36) 3.9 (0.47) 11.8 (0.71) 23.3 (1.00) 30.6 (0.91) 21.9 (0.91) Israel.................................. 474 (3.6) 3.9 (0.66) 8.0 (0.66) 14.7 (0.63) 22.5 (0.96) 25.5 (0.95) 18.1 (0.73) Italy .................................... 486 (1.6) 1.4 (0.23) 5.2 (0.32) 14.4 (0.45) 24.0 (0.54) 28.9 (0.55) 20.2 (0.48) Japan................................. 520 (3.5) 1.3 (0.36) 3.4 (0.49) 8.9 (0.66) 18.0 (0.84) 28.0 (0.88) 27.0 (0.95) Korea, Republic of ............. 539 (3.5) 0.2 (0.15) 0.9 (0.30) 4.7 (0.63) 15.4 (1.01) 33.0 (1.23) 32.9 (1.42) Luxembourg....................... 472 (1.3) 3.1 (0.27) 7.3 (0.45) 15.7 (0.59) 24.0 (0.70) 27.0 (0.65) 17.3 (0.61) Mexico ............................... 425 (2.0) 3.2 (0.34) 11.4 (0.48) 25.5 (0.56) 33.0 (0.57) 21.2 (0.59) 5.3 (0.39) Netherlands ....................... 508 (5.1) 0.1 (0.05) 1.8 (0.31) 12.5 (1.36) 24.7 (1.53) 27.6 (1.24) 23.5 (1.66) 

New Zealand...................... 521 (2.4) 0.9 (0.22) 3.2 (0.45) 10.2 (0.58) 19.3 (0.75) 25.8 (0.76) 24.8 (0.81) Norway............................... 503 (2.6) 0.5 (0.14) 3.4 (0.39) 11.0 (0.66) 23.6 (0.84) 30.9 (0.86) 22.1 (1.16) Poland................................ 500 (2.6) 0.6 (0.15) 3.1 (0.35) 11.3 (0.66) 24.5 (1.08) 31.0 (0.98) 22.3 (0.99) Portugal ............................. 489 (3.1) 0.6 (0.14) 4.0 (0.41) 13.0 (0.97) 26.4 (1.09) 31.6 (1.09) 19.6 (0.92) 

Slovak Republic ................. 477 (2.5) 0.8 (0.28) 5.6 (0.62) 15.9 (0.83) 28.1 (1.04) 28.5 (1.14) 16.7 (0.79) 

Slovenia............................. 483 (1.0) 0.8 (0.09) 5.2 (0.34) 15.2 (0.49) 25.6 (0.71) 29.2 (0.86) 19.3 (0.80) Spain ................................. 481 (2.0) 1.2 (0.18) 4.7 (0.39) 13.6 (0.64) 26.8 (0.84) 32.6 (0.95) 17.7 (0.68) Sweden.............................. 497 (2.9) 1.5 (0.25) 4.3 (0.38) 11.7 (0.71) 23.5 (0.99) 29.8 (0.98) 20.3 (0.92) Switzerland ........................ 501 (2.4) 0.7 (0.15) 4.1 (0.38) 12.1 (0.62) 22.7 (0.70) 29.7 (0.78) 22.6 (0.82) Turkey ................................ 464 (3.5) 0.8 (0.19) 5.6 (0.63) 18.1 (0.98) 32.2 (1.16) 29.1 (1.07) 12.4 (1.11) 

United Kingdom ................. 494 (2.3) 1.0 (0.20) 4.1 (0.35) 13.4 (0.64) 24.9 (0.72) 28.8 (0.84) 19.8 (0.79) United States ..................... 500 (3.7) 0.6 (0.13) 4.0 (0.45) 13.1 (0.84) 24.4 (0.86) 27.6 (0.83) 20.6 (0.90) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.1Level 1b: Able to locate a single piece of explicitly stated information in a prominent position in a short, syntactically simple text and

make simple connections between adjacent pieces of information. Level 1a: Able to locate explicitly stated information, recognize themain theme in a text about a familiar topic, and make a simple connection between information in the text and common, everydayknowledge. Level 2: Able to locate information which may need to be inferred and may need to meet several conditions, recognizethe main idea in a text, understand relationships, construe meaning within part of the text when the information is not prominent, andmake comparisons or connections between the text and outside knowledge by drawing on personal experience and attitudes. Level3: Able to recognize the relationship between several pieces of information that must meet multiple conditions; integrate parts of atext in order to identify a main idea, understand a relationship, or construe the meaning of a word or phrase; compare, contrast or categorize where the required information is not prominent or there is much competing information or other obstacles in the text; makeconnections, comparisons, and explanations; evaluate a feature of the text; and demonstrate an understanding of the text by relating

it to everyday knowledge or by drawing on less common knowledge. Level 4: Able to locate and organize embedded information,interpret the meaning of language by taking into account the text as a whole, understand and apply categories in an unfamiliar context, use formal knowledge to hypothesize about or critically evaluate a text, and demonstrate an understanding of long or complex

texts with unfamiliar form or content. Level 5: Able to locate and organize deeply ethe text, perform critical evaluation or form a hypothesis by drawing on specialized miliar form or context. Level 6: Able to make multiple inferences, comparisons, and onstrate full understanding of texts and integrate information from more than one 

prominent competing information; generate abstract categories for interpretation; 

text on an unfamiliar topic, taking into account multiple criteria or perspectives; and the text.

2Illustrates how a country compares with the OECD area as a whole. Computed which each country contributes in proportion to the number of 15-year-olds enrolle3Refers to the mean of the data values for all OECD countries, to which each counsize of the student population of each country.NOTE: PISA scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. Detail may not sappear in parentheses.SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)(PISA), 2009, PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do—Student Pe(Volume I). (This table was prepared December 2010.)

Reporting partner 

countries

Albania........................... 385 (4.0) 11.3 (0.92) 18.7 (1.32) 26.6 (1.18) 25.6 (1.33) 14.4 (1.18) 3.1 (0.48) 

Argentina ....................... 398 (4.6) 10.8 (1.10) 15.8 (1.25) 25.0 (1.30) 25.4 (1.22) 16.0 (1.04) 6.0 (0.83) Azerbaijan...................... 362 (3.3) 9.7 (1.05) 26.1 (1.14) 36.9 (1.21) 21.5 (1.17) 5.3 (0.77) 0.5 (0.15) Brazil.............................. 412 (2.7) 5.0 (0.38) 16.0 (0.67) 28.6 (0.81) 27.1 (0.78) 15.9 (0.86) 6.1 (0.53) Bulgaria.......................... 429 (6.7) 8.0 (1.09) 12.9 (1.36) 20.1 (1.35) 23.4 (1.15) 21.8 (1.43) 11.0 (1.14) Colombia........................ 413 (3.7) 4.2 (0.71) 13.9 (0.99) 29.0 (1.22) 30.6 (1.11) 17.1 (1.03) 4.6 (0.48) 

Croatia ........................... 476 (2.9) 1.0 (0.21) 5.0 (0.45) 16.5 (0.97) 27.4 (1.02) 30.6 (1.21) 16.4 (0.97) Dubai (UAE)................... 459 (1.1) 3.7 (0.23) 9.4 (0.45) 17.9 (0.50) 25.4 (0.71) 23.5 (0.77) 14.8 (0.71) 

Hong Kong-China .......... 533 (2.1) 0.2 (0.08) 1.5 (0.30) 6.6 (0.59) 16.1 (0.75) 31.4 (0.90) 31.8 (0.89) Indonesia ....................... 402 (3.7) 1.7 (0.38) 14.1 (1.31) 37.6 (1.64) 34.3 (1.38) 11.2 (1.35) 1.0 (0.34) 

Jordan............................ 405 (3.3) 6.9 (0.62) 13.6 (0.78) 27.6 (0.96) 31.8 (0.98) 16.5 (0.99) 3.4 (0.44) 

Kazakhstan .................... 390 (3.1) 7.5 (0.65) 20.4 (0.99) 30.7 (0.88) 24.1 (0.93) 13.1 (0.87) 3.7 (0.49) 

Kyrgyzstan ..................... 314 (3.2) 29.8 (1.25) 29.7 (0.91) 23.8 (0.94) 11.5 (0.83) 4.2 (0.57) 1.0 (0.28) Latvia ............................. 484 (3.0) 0.4 (0.15) 3.3 (0.57) 13.9 (1.00) 28.8 (1.45) 33.5 (1.21) 17.2 (1.01) 

Liechtenstein.................. 499 (2.8) ‡ (†) 2.8 (1.15) 12.8 (1.83) 24.0 (2.85) 31.1 (2.76) 24.6 (2.34) Lithuania ........................ 468 (2.4) 0.9 (0.26) 5.5 (0.56) 17.9 (0.87) 30.0 (1.03) 28.6 (0.94) 14.1 (0.80) Macao-China ................. 487 (0.9) 0.3 (0.09) 2.6 (0.25) 12.0 (0.43) 30.6 (0.63) 34.8 (0.67) 16.9 (0.50) Montenegro.................... 408 (1.7) 5.9 (0.53) 15.8 (0.80) 27.8 (0.81) 28.0 (0.88) 16.8 (0.85) 5.0 (0.46) 

Panama.......................... 371 (6.5) 13.3 (1.83) 23.1 (1.78) 28.9 (1.79) 20.7 (1.43) 10.1 (1.36) 3.4 (0.68) 

Peru ............................... 370 (4.0) 14.1 (0.93) 22.0 (1.01) 28.7 (1.10) 22.1 (0.94) 10.1 (0.86) 2.6 (0.51) 

Qatar.............................. 372 (0.8) 17.8 (0.33) 22.4 (0.48) 23.2 (0.63) 18.3 (0.44) 11.1 (0.48) 5.4 (0.27) 

Romania ........................ 424 (4.1) 4.1 (0.69) 12.7 (1.08) 23.6 (1.25) 31.6 (1.31) 21.2 (1.31) 6.1 (0.71) 

Russian Federation........ 459 (3.3) 1.6 (0.35) 6.8 (0.58) 19.0 (0.79) 31.6 (0.97) 26.8 (0.88) 11.1 (0.66) 

Serbia ............................ 442 (2.4) 2.0 (0.36) 8.8 (0.67) 22.1 (0.87) 33.2 (1.02) 25.3 (0.96) 7.9 (0.56) 

Shanghai-China ............. 556 (2.4) 0.1 (0.04) 0.6 (0.14) 3.4 (0.47) 13.3 (0.86) 28.5 (1.16) 34.7 (1.04) Singapore ...................... 526 (1.1) 0.4 (0.11) 2.7 (0.26) 9.3 (0.50) 18.5 (0.60) 27.6 (0.81) 25.7 (0.73) Chinese Taipei ............... 495 (2.6) 0.7 (0.18) 3.5 (0.35) 11.4 (0.63) 24.6 (0.80) 33.5 (1.09) 21.0 (0.97) 

Thailand ......................... 421 (2.6) 1.2 (0.29) 9.9 (0.82) 31.7 (1.12) 36.8 (1.15) 16.7 (0.82) 3.3 (0.52) 

Trinidad and Tobago....... 416 (1.2) 9.6 (0.51) 14.2 (0.61) 21.0 (0.81) 25.0 (0.94) 19.0 (0.86) 8.9 (0.51) Tunisia............................ 404 (2.9) 5.5 (0.52) 15.0 (0.78) 29.6 (1.10) 31.5 (1.22) 15.1 (1.04) 3.1 (0.52) 

Uruguay ......................... 426 (2.6) 5.5 (0.58) 12.5 (0.68) 23.9 (0.70) 28.0 (0.73) 20.3 (0.73) 8.1 (0.51) 

Table 409. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each reading literacy proficiency level, by country: 2009—ContinuedCountry or other jurisdiction Mean score

Percentage distribution at levels of proficiency1

Below level 1 Level 1b Level 1a Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 410. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each mathematics literacy proficiency level, by country: 2009Country or other jurisdiction Mean score

Percentage distribution at levels of proficiency1

Below level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 

1 234567

OECD total2............... 488 (1.2) 9.3 (0.25) 15.5 (0.33) 22.7 (0.31) 23.5 (0.24) 17.3 (0.30) 

OECD average3 ......... 496 (0.5) 8.0 (0.12) 14.0 (0.13) 22.0 (0.15) 24.3 (0.17) 18.9 (0.15) 

Australia............................. 514 (2.5) 5.1 (0.33) 10.8 (0.53) 20.3 (0.61) 25.8 (0.54) 21.7 (0.56) 1Austria ............................... 496 (2.7) 7.8 (0.75) 15.4 (0.90) 21.2 (0.88) 23.0 (0.89) 19.6 (0.93) Belgium.............................. 515 (2.3) 7.7 (0.63) 11.3 (0.54) 17.5 (0.69) 21.8 (0.73) 21.3 (0.76) 1Canada .............................. 527 (1.6) 3.1 (0.25) 8.3 (0.42) 18.8 (0.48) 26.5 (0.86) 25.0 (0.68) 1

Chile .................................. 421 (3.1) 21.7 (1.19) 29.4 (1.09) 27.3 (0.98) 14.8 (0.96) 5.6 (0.59) 

Czech Republic.................. 493 (2.8) 7.0 (0.83) 15.3 (0.82) 24.2 (1.00) 24.4 (1.09) 17.4 (0.81) Denmark............................ 503 (2.6) 4.9 (0.49) 12.1 (0.80) 23.0 (0.91) 27.4 (1.06) 21.0 (0.89) Estonia............................... 512 (2.6) 3.0 (0.42) 9.6 (0.68) 22.7 (0.86) 29.9 (0.94) 22.7 (0.81) 

Finland............................... 541 (2.2) 1.7 (0.25) 6.1 (0.45) 15.6 (0.83) 27.1 (0.95) 27.8 (0.87) 1France................................ 497 (3.1) 9.5 (0.88) 13.1 (1.07) 19.9 (0.94) 23.8 (1.12) 20.1 (1.01) 1Germany............................ 513 (2.9) 6.4 (0.63) 12.2 (0.72) 18.8 (0.88) 23.1 (0.87) 21.7 (0.92) 1Greece............................... 466 (3.9) 11.3 (1.22) 19.1 (1.01) 26.4 (1.25) 24.0 (1.05) 13.6 (0.78) Hungary............................. 490 (3.5) 8.1 (0.99) 14.2 (0.95) 23.2 (1.18) 26.0 (1.24) 18.4 (1.02) 

Iceland............................... 507 (1.4) 5.7 (0.43) 11.3 (0.52) 21.3 (0.88) 27.3 (0.90) 20.9 (0.90) 1Ireland................................ 487 (2.5) 7.3 (0.63) 13.6 (0.74) 24.5 (1.09) 28.6 (1.20) 19.4 (0.92) Israel.................................. 447 (3.3) 20.5 (1.17) 18.9 (0.90) 22.5 (0.92) 20.1 (0.87) 12.0 (0.71) Italy .................................... 483 (1.9) 9.1 (0.44) 15.9 (0.48) 24.2 (0.59) 24.6 (0.48) 17.3 (0.57) Japan................................. 529 (3.3) 4.0 (0.57) 8.5 (0.65) 17.4 (0.90) 25.7 (1.08) 23.5 (1.04) 1

Korea, Republic of ............. 546 (4.0) 1.9 (0.49) 6.2 (0.72) 15.6 (0.99) 24.4 (1.21) 26.3 (1.30) 1Luxembourg....................... 489 (1.2) 9.6 (0.53) 14.4 (0.57) 22.7 (0.72) 23.1 (0.98) 19.0 (0.82) 

Mexico ............................... 419 (1.8) 21.9 (0.79) 28.9 (0.59) 28.3 (0.61) 15.6 (0.56) 4.7 (0.36) 

Netherlands ....................... 526 (4.7) 2.8 (0.59) 10.6 (1.33) 19.0 (1.37) 23.9 (0.98) 23.9 (1.25) 1New Zealand...................... 519 (2.3) 5.3 (0.53) 10.2 (0.54) 19.1 (0.84) 24.4 (0.88) 22.2 (0.98) 1Norway............................... 498 (2.4) 5.5 (0.50) 12.7 (0.83) 24.3 (0.93) 27.5 (1.02) 19.7 (0.86) Poland................................ 495 (2.8) 6.1 (0.54) 14.4 (0.75) 24.0 (0.88) 26.1 (0.77) 19.0 (0.85) Portugal ............................. 487 (2.9) 8.4 (0.62) 15.3 (0.83) 23.9 (0.93) 25.0 (1.03) 17.7 (0.79) 

Slovak Republic ................. 497 (3.1) 7.0 (0.68) 14.0 (0.79) 23.2 (1.08) 25.0 (1.54) 18.1 (1.24) Slovenia............................. 501 (1.2) 6.5 (0.40) 13.8 (0.60) 22.5 (0.67) 23.9 (0.69) 19.0 (0.79) 1Spain ................................. 483 (2.1) 9.1 (0.48) 14.6 (0.58) 23.9 (0.58) 26.6 (0.63) 17.7 (0.62) Sweden.............................. 494 (2.9) 7.5 (0.65) 13.6 (0.72) 23.4 (0.81) 25.2 (0.75) 19.0 (0.88) 

Switzerland ........................ 534 (3.3) 4.5 (0.40) 9.0 (0.65) 15.9 (0.63) 23.0 (0.92) 23.5 (0.80) 1Turkey ................................ 445 (4.4) 17.7 (1.35) 24.5 (1.11) 25.2 (1.18) 17.4 (1.07) 9.6 (0.90) United Kingdom ................. 492 (2.4) 6.2 (0.46) 14.0 (0.71) 24.9 (0.88) 27.2 (1.10) 17.9 (0.96) United States ..................... 487 (3.6) 8.1 (0.72) 15.3 (0.98) 24.4 (0.97) 25.2 (0.95) 17.1 (0.93) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.1Level 1: Able to answer questions involving familiar contexts where all relevant information is present and the questions are clearly

defined. Level 2: Able to interpret and recognize situations in contexts that require no more than direct inference; extract relevantinformation from a single source; employ basic algorithms, formulae, procedures, or conventions; and employ direct reasoning forliteral interpretations of results. Level 3: Able to execute clearly described procedures, select and apply simple problem solvingstrategies, interpret and use representations based on different information sources, and develop short communications reportingone’s interpretations, results, and reasoning. Level 4: Able to work effectively with explicit models for complex concrete situationsthat may involve constraints or call for making assumptions, select and integrate different representations, reason with someinsight, and construct and communicate explanations and arguments based on one’s interpretations and actions. Level 5: Able todevelop and work with models for complex situations, select and evaluate appropriate problem solving strategies, work strategicallyusing broad, well-developed thinking and reasoning skills, and communicate one’s interpretations and reasoning. Level 6: Able to

conceptualize, generalize, and utilize information; link different information source

matical thinking and reasoning; develop new approaches and strategies for attaccommunicate actions and reflections regarding findings and interpretations.

2Illustrates how a country compares with the OECD area as a whole. Computed which each country contributes in proportion to the number of 15-year-olds enroll3Refers to the mean of the data values for all OECD countries, to which each counsize of the student population of each country.NOTE: PISA scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. Detail may not sappear in parentheses.SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)(PISA), 2009, PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do—Student Pe(Volume I). (This table was prepared December 2010.)

Reporting partner 

countries

Albania........................... 377 (4.0) 40.5 (1.76) 27.2 (1.22) 20.2 (1.25) 9.1 (0.85) 2.6 (0.58) 

Argentina ....................... 388 (4.1) 37.2 (1.75) 26.4 (1.11) 20.8 (1.09) 10.9 (0.95) 3.9 (0.66) Azerbaijan...................... 431 (2.8) 11.5 (0.96) 33.8 (1.24) 35.3 (1.29) 14.8 (1.04) 3.6 (0.51) Brazil.............................. 386 (2.4) 38.1 (1.25) 31.0 (0.91) 19.0 (0.75) 8.1 (0.64) 3.0 (0.32) Bulgaria.......................... 428 (5.9) 24.5 (1.91) 22.7 (1.08) 23.4 (1.11) 17.5 (1.36) 8.2 (0.90) Colombia........................ 381 (3.2) 38.8 (2.02) 31.6 (1.30) 20.3 (1.28) 7.5 (0.66) 1.6 (0.33) 

Croatia ........................... 460 (3.1) 12.4 (0.85) 20.8 (0.94) 26.7 (0.83) 22.7 (0.97) 12.5 (0.84) Dubai (UAE)................... 453 (1.1) 17.6 (0.49) 21.2 (0.59) 23.0 (0.79) 19.6 (0.63) 12.1 (0.55) 

Hong Kong-China .......... 555 (2.7) 2.6 (0.40) 6.2 (0.53) 13.2 (0.67) 21.9 (0.84) 25.4 (0.91) 1

Indonesia ....................... 371 (3.7) 43.5 (2.21) 33.1 (1.54) 16.9 (1.14) 5.4 (0.91) 0.9 (0.32) 

Jordan............................ 387 (3.7) 35.4 (1.67) 29.9 (1.20) 22.9 (1.03) 9.5 (0.94) 2.1 (0.44) 

Kazakhstan .................... 405 (3.0) 29.6 (1.31) 29.6 (0.94) 23.5 (0.88) 12.0 (0.80) 4.2 (0.48) 

Kyrgyzstan ..................... 331 (2.9) 64.8 (1.43) 21.8 (0.98) 9.3 (0.76) 3.3 (0.51) 0.7 (0.24) Latvia ............................. 482 (3.1) 5.8 (0.69) 16.7 (1.15) 27.2 (1.04) 28.2 (1.08) 16.4 (1.01) Liechtenstein.................. 536 (4.1) 3.0 (0.99) 6.5 (1.61) 15.0 (2.18) 26.2 (2.26) 31.2 (3.25) 1Lithuania ........................ 477 (2.6) 9.0 (0.79) 17.3 (0.85) 26.1 (1.10) 25.3 (0.98) 15.4 (0.77) 

Macao-China ................. 525 (0.9) 2.8 (0.25) 8.2 (0.46) 19.6 (0.58) 27.8 (0.90) 24.5 (0.78) 1Montenegro.................... 403 (2.0) 29.6 (1.07) 28.8 (1.00) 24.6 (1.04) 12.2 (0.68) 3.8 (0.35) Panama.......................... 360 (5.2) 51.5 (2.90) 27.3 (1.72) 13.9 (1.51) 5.6 (0.92) 1.4 (0.36) 

Peru ............................... 365 (4.0) 47.6 (1.81) 25.9 (1.16) 16.9 (1.26) 6.8 (0.70) 2.1 (0.43) Qatar.............................. 368 (0.7) 51.1 (0.56) 22.7 (0.64) 13.1 (0.48) 7.2 (0.35) 4.2 (0.25) Romania ........................ 427 (3.4) 19.5 (1.42) 27.5 (1.15) 28.6 (1.39) 17.3 (1.02) 5.9 (0.77) Russian Federation........ 468 (3.3) 9.5 (0.92) 19.0 (1.16) 28.5 (1.03) 25.0 (1.00) 12.7 (0.87) Serbia ............................ 442 (2.9) 17.6 (1.04) 22.9 (0.84) 26.5 (1.07) 19.9 (0.97) 9.5 (0.62) Shanghai-China ............. 600 (2.8) 1.4 (0.26) 3.4 (0.38) 8.7 (0.63) 15.2 (0.79) 20.8 (0.79) 2

Singapore ...................... 562 (1.4) 3.0 (0.26) 6.8 (0.57) 13.1 (0.56) 18.7 (0.80) 22.8 (0.62) 2Chinese Taipei ............... 543 (3.4) 4.2 (0.48) 8.6 (0.65) 15.5 (0.68) 20.9 (0.88) 22.2 (0.86) 1Thailand ......................... 419 (3.2) 22.1 (1.37) 30.4 (0.92) 27.3 (1.09) 14.0 (0.85) 4.9 (0.57) 

Trinidad and Tobago....... 414 (1.3) 30.1 (0.79) 23.1 (0.97) 21.2 (0.89) 15.4 (0.63) 7.7 (0.44) Tunisia............................ 371 (3.0) 43.4 (1.66) 30.2 (1.46) 18.7 (0.90) 6.1 (0.69) 1.3 (0.44) 

Uruguay ......................... 427 (2.6) 22.9 (1.16) 24.6 (1.08) 25.1 (0.99) 17.0 (0.73) 7.9 (0.55) 

Table 410. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each mathematics literacy proficiency level, by country: 2009—ContinuedCountry or other jurisdiction Mean score

Percentage distribution at levels of proficiency1

Below level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 

1 234567
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 411. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each science literacy proficiency level, by country: 2009Country or other jurisdiction Mean score

Percentage distribution at levels of proficiency1

Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 

1 234567

OECD total2............... 496 (1.2) 5.4 (0.19) 14.6 (0.32) 24.8 (0.28) 27.1 (0.25) 19.6 (0.32) 

OECD average3 ......... 501 (0.5) 5.0 (0.10) 13.0 (0.14) 24.4 (0.16) 28.6 (0.17) 20.6 (0.16) 

Australia............................. 527 (2.5) 3.4 (0.27) 9.2 (0.48) 20.0 (0.59) 28.4 (0.65) 24.5 (0.66) 1

Austria ............................... 494 (3.2) 6.7 (0.83) 14.3 (0.99) 23.8 (1.00) 26.6 (1.04) 20.6 (1.03) Belgium.............................. 507 (2.5) 6.4 (0.57) 11.7 (0.61) 20.7 (0.65) 27.2 (0.76) 24.0 (0.82) Canada .............................. 529 (1.6) 2.0 (0.21) 7.5 (0.37) 20.9 (0.49) 31.2 (0.62) 26.2 (0.65) 1

Chile .................................. 447 (2.9) 8.4 (0.83) 23.9 (1.07) 35.2 (0.94) 23.6 (1.07) 7.9 (0.69) 

Czech Republic.................. 500 (3.0) 4.7 (0.57) 12.6 (0.90) 25.6 (0.97) 28.8 (1.25) 19.9 (0.87) 

Denmark............................ 499 (2.5) 4.1 (0.42) 12.5 (0.65) 26.0 (0.77) 30.6 (1.07) 20.1 (0.85) 

Estonia............................... 528 (2.7) 1.3 (0.31) 7.0 (0.72) 21.3 (1.07) 34.3 (1.10) 25.7 (1.07) Finland............................... 554 (2.3) 1.1 (0.19) 4.9 (0.41) 15.3 (0.73) 28.8 (0.95) 31.2 (1.08) 1France................................ 498 (3.6) 7.1 (0.82) 12.2 (0.83) 22.1 (1.25) 28.8 (1.32) 21.7 (1.02) 

Germany............................ 520 (2.8) 4.1 (0.51) 10.7 (0.81) 20.1 (0.86) 27.3 (1.08) 25.0 (1.18) 1

Greece............................... 470 (4.0) 7.2 (1.07) 18.1 (1.04) 29.8 (0.96) 27.9 (1.20) 14.0 (0.95) 

Hungary............................. 503 (3.1) 3.8 (0.93) 10.4 (0.86) 25.5 (1.13) 33.2 (1.32) 21.8 (1.19) 

Iceland............................... 496 (1.4) 5.5 (0.48) 12.5 (0.63) 25.8 (0.75) 30.4 (0.94) 18.8 (0.84) Ireland................................ 508 (3.3) 4.4 (0.69) 10.7 (1.01) 23.3 (1.17) 29.9 (0.99) 22.9 (0.95) Israel.................................. 455 (3.1) 13.9 (1.06) 19.2 (0.72) 26.0 (1.04) 24.1 (0.76) 12.8 (0.72) Italy .................................... 489 (1.8) 6.1 (0.39) 14.5 (0.50) 25.5 (0.63) 29.5 (0.54) 18.6 (0.53) Japan................................. 539 (3.4) 3.2 (0.52) 7.5 (0.68) 16.3 (0.87) 26.6 (0.83) 29.5 (0.98) 1Korea, Republic of ............. 538 (3.4) 1.1 (0.32) 5.2 (0.68) 18.5 (1.15) 33.1 (1.13) 30.4 (1.14) 1Luxembourg....................... 484 (1.2) 8.4 (0.52) 15.3 (0.88) 24.3 (0.69) 27.1 (0.87) 18.2 (0.91) Mexico ............................... 416 (1.8) 14.5 (0.60) 32.8 (0.64) 33.6 (0.60) 15.8 (0.61) 3.1 (0.27) Netherlands ....................... 522 (5.4) 2.6 (0.53) 10.6 (1.33) 21.8 (1.53) 26.9 (1.07) 25.3 (1.69) 1

New Zealand...................... 532 (2.6) 4.0 (0.53) 9.4 (0.52) 18.1 (1.01) 25.8 (0.88) 25.1 (0.74) 1

Norway............................... 500 (2.6) 3.8 (0.48) 11.9 (0.92) 26.6 (0.95) 31.1 (0.71) 20.1 (0.82) 

Poland................................ 508 (2.4) 2.3 (0.33) 10.9 (0.69) 26.1 (0.80) 32.1 (0.81) 21.2 (0.97) Portugal ............................. 493 (2.9) 3.0 (0.35) 13.5 (0.92) 28.9 (1.08) 32.3 (1.08) 18.1 (1.00) 

Slovak Republic ................. 490 (3.0) 5.0 (0.58) 14.2 (0.89) 27.6 (1.03) 29.2 (0.95) 17.7 (0.85) 

Slovenia............................. 512 (1.1) 3.1 (0.22) 11.7 (0.45) 23.7 (0.66) 28.7 (1.05) 23.0 (0.72) 

Spain ................................. 488 (2.1) 4.6 (0.37) 13.6 (0.75) 27.9 (0.67) 32.3 (0.69) 17.6 (0.57) Sweden.............................. 495 (2.7) 5.8 (0.51) 13.4 (0.75) 25.6 (0.80) 28.4 (0.84) 18.7 (0.86) 

Switzerland ........................ 517 (2.8) 3.5 (0.31) 10.6 (0.58) 21.3 (1.09) 29.8 (1.02) 24.1 (1.03) 

Turkey ................................ 454 (3.6) 6.9 (0.81) 23.0 (1.13) 34.5 (1.16) 25.2 (1.24) 9.1 (1.13) 

United Kingdom ................. 514 (2.5) 3.8 (0.34) 11.2 (0.68) 22.7 (0.73) 28.8 (0.97) 22.2 (0.83) United States ..................... 502 (3.6) 4.2 (0.54) 13.9 (0.93) 25.0 (0.87) 27.5 (0.80) 20.1 (0.94) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.#Rounds to zero.‡Reporting standards not met.1Level 1: Able to present scientific explanations that are obvious and that follow explicitly from given evidence. Level 2: Able to provide possible explanations in familiar contexts, draw conclusions based on simple investigations, and make literal interpretations ofthe results of scientific inquiry or technological problem solving. Level 3: Able to select facts to explain phenomena and apply simple

models or inquiry strategies, develop short statements using facts, and make decisions based on scientific knowledge. Level 4: Ableto select and integrate explanations from different disciplines of science or technology, link those explanations directly to aspects oflife situations, and communicate decisions using scientific knowledge and evidence. Level 5: Able to apply scientific concepts and

knowledge to many complex life situations, select and evaluate appropriate scientific evidence, bring critical insights to situations,and construct explanations based on evidence and arguments based on critical analysis. Level 6: Able to consistently explain andapply scientific knowledge in a variety of complex life situations, use evidence from different sources to justify decisions, clearly and

consistently demonstrate advanced scientific thinking and reasoning, and develo

decisions that center on personal, social, or global situations.2Illustrates how a country compares with the OECD area as a whole. Computed which each country contributes in proportion to the number of 15-year-olds enrolle3Refers to the mean of the data values for all OECD countries, to which each counsize of the student population of each country.NOTE: PISA scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. Detail may not sappear in parentheses.SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)(PISA), 2009, PISA 2009 Results: What Students Know and Can Do—Student Pe(Volume I). (This table was prepared December 2010.)

Reporting partner 

countries

Albania........................... 391 (3.9) 26.3 (1.55) 31.0 (1.28) 27.7 (1.24) 12.9 (1.34) 2.0 (0.38) 

Argentina ....................... 401 (4.6) 25.2 (1.70) 27.2 (1.37) 26.7 (1.20) 15.4 (1.12) 4.8 (0.69) Azerbaijan...................... 373 (3.1) 31.5 (1.68) 38.5 (1.13) 22.4 (1.07) 6.7 (0.76) 0.8 (0.22) 

Brazil.............................. 405 (2.4) 19.7 (0.90) 34.5 (0.99) 28.8 (0.90) 12.6 (0.81) 3.9 (0.38) 

Bulgaria.......................... 439 (5.9) 16.5 (1.63) 22.3 (1.55) 26.6 (1.31) 21.0 (1.36) 10.9 (1.01) Colombia........................ 402 (3.6) 20.4 (1.81) 33.7 (1.23) 30.2 (1.40) 13.1 (1.04) 2.5 (0.34) Croatia ........................... 486 (2.8) 3.6 (0.47) 14.9 (0.99) 30.0 (1.07) 31.1 (1.03) 16.7 (0.98) Dubai (UAE)................... 466 (1.2) 11.0 (0.47) 19.5 (0.57) 26.0 (0.78) 22.9 (0.73) 14.9 (0.59) Hong Kong-China .......... 549 (2.8) 1.4 (0.31) 5.2 (0.61) 15.1 (0.73) 29.4 (0.99) 32.7 (0.99) 1

Indonesia ....................... 383 (3.8) 24.6 (1.77) 41.0 (1.54) 27.0 (1.55) 6.9 (1.01) 0.5 (0.22) 

Jordan............................ 415 (3.5) 18.0 (1.20) 27.6 (1.13) 32.2 (1.21) 17.6 (1.12) 4.1 (0.51) Kazakhstan .................... 400 (3.1) 22.4 (1.31) 33.0 (1.08) 27.9 (1.14) 12.8 (0.82) 3.6 (0.62) Kyrgyzstan ..................... 330 (2.9) 52.9 (1.32) 29.0 (0.94) 13.3 (0.76) 4.0 (0.54) 0.7 (0.20) Latvia ............................. 494 (3.1) 2.3 (0.56) 12.5 (1.00) 29.1 (1.07) 35.5 (1.16) 17.6 (1.06) Liechtenstein.................. 520 (3.4) 1.4 (0.74) 9.9 (1.94) 23.8 (3.07) 29.8 (3.67) 25.4 (2.67) Lithuania ........................ 491 (2.9) 3.5 (0.65) 13.5 (0.77) 28.9 (1.02) 32.4 (1.18) 17.0 (0.84) Macao-China ................. 511 (1.0) 1.5 (0.21) 8.1 (0.36) 25.2 (0.77) 37.8 (0.74) 22.7 (0.98) 

Montenegro.................... 401 (2.0) 22.2 (1.01) 31.4 (0.98) 29.4 (1.04) 13.6 (0.79) 3.1 (0.39) 

Panama.......................... 376 (5.7) 32.8 (2.74) 32.4 (1.96) 23.2 (1.93) 9.3 (1.19) 2.2 (0.46) Peru ............................... 369 (3.5) 35.3 (1.50) 33.0 (1.29) 21.7 (1.21) 8.0 (0.79) 1.8 (0.37) Qatar.............................. 379 (0.9) 36.4 (0.58) 28.8 (0.54) 18.8 (0.56) 9.8 (0.30) 4.8 (0.23) Romania ........................ 428 (3.4) 11.9 (1.13) 29.5 (1.57) 34.1 (1.73) 19.7 (1.18) 4.4 (0.59) Russian Federation........ 478 (3.3) 5.5 (0.67) 16.5 (1.06) 30.7 (1.14) 29.0 (1.15) 13.9 (0.91) 

Serbia ............................ 443 (2.4) 10.1 (0.82) 24.3 (0.96) 33.9 (1.17) 23.6 (0.75) 7.1 (0.57) Shanghai-China ............. 575 (2.3) 0.4 (0.11) 2.8 (0.36) 10.5 (0.66) 26.0 (0.99) 36.1 (1.12) 2Singapore ...................... 542 (1.4) 2.8 (0.24) 8.7 (0.52) 17.5 (0.58) 25.4 (0.83) 25.7 (0.70) 1Chinese Taipei ............... 520 (2.6) 2.2 (0.34) 8.9 (0.60) 21.1 (0.91) 33.3 (1.04) 25.8 (1.10) 

Thailand ......................... 425 (3.0) 12.2 (1.10) 30.6 (1.01) 34.7 (1.34) 17.5 (0.95) 4.4 (0.51) Trinidad and Tobago....... 410 (1.2) 25.1 (0.87) 24.9 (0.92) 25.2 (0.88) 16.0 (0.79) 7.1 (0.40) Tunisia............................ 401 (2.7) 21.3 (1.17) 32.4 (1.08) 30.9 (1.00) 13.0 (0.85) 2.2 (0.43) 

Uruguay ......................... 427 (2.6) 17.0 (0.94) 25.6 (0.86) 29.3 (1.01) 19.5 (1.02) 7.1 (0.51) 

Table 411. Mean scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students scoring at each science literacy proficiency level, by country: 2009—ContinuedCountry or other jurisdiction Mean score

Percentage distribution at levels of proficiency1

Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 

1 234567
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Number includes whole numbers, fractions and decimals, number sentences, and patterns and relationships. Geometric

shapes and measures includes lines and angles, two- and three-dimensional shapes, and location and movement. Data display includes reading and interpreting, and organizing and representing. 2Knowing addresses the facts, procedures, and concepts that students need to know to function mathematically. Applying

focuses on students’ ability to apply knowledge and conceptual understanding in order to solve problems or answer questions. Reasoning goes beyond the cognitive processes involved in solving routine problems to include unfamiliar situations,complex contexts, and multistep problems.

3High TMH indicates more than 30 minutes of mathematics homework assigned 3–4 times per week. Medium TMH includes

all possible combinations of responses not included in the high or low categories. Low TMH indicates no more than 30 minutes of mathematics homework assigned no more than 2 times per week. TMH index data are provided by students.

4For the TMH index, data are available for for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of the students. 5Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.

6National Target Population does not include all of the International Target PMathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).7Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republ8Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2009Nearly satisfied guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute 10For the TMH index, data are available for at least 50 percent but less than 711National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Pop

NOTE: TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000, with the scale afixed at 100. Countries were required to sample students in the grade that schooling, providing that the mean age at the time of testing was at least 9.5 rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achieveics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics 

prepared May 2009.)

Table 412. Average fourth-grade mathematics scores, by content and cognitive domain, index of time spent doing mathematics homework, and country: 2007Country or other jurisdiction

 Average score Index of time spent doing mathematics homewo

Mathematics

overall

Content domain1 Cognitive domain2 High TMH Medium TMH 

 Number

Geometric

shapes and

measures Data display Knowing Applying Reasoning

Percent of

students Average score

Percent of

students Ave

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 

International average... — (†) —(†) —(†) —(†) —(†) —(†) —(†) 21 (0.2) 469 (1.0) 58 (0.2) 47

Algeria4 .............................. 378 (5.2) 391 (5.0) 383 (4.5) 361 (5.2) 384 (5.4) 376 (5.2) 387 (4.7) 35 (1.7) 397 (6.6) 54 (1.5) 38

Armenia4 ............................ 500 (4.3) 522 (4.0) 483 (4.7) 458 (4.3) 518 (4.8) 493 (4.1) 489 (4.7) 31 (1.5) 510 (5.3) 64 (1.4) 50

Australia............................. 516 (3.5) 496 (3.7) 536 (3.1) 534 (3.1) 509 (4.2) 523 (3.5) 516 (3.4) 7 (0.7) 508 (10.6) 42 (1.5) 5

Austria ............................... 505 (2.0) 502 (2.2) 509 (2.4) 508 (2.6) 505 (2.0) 507 (1.8) 506 (2.1) 16 (0.8) 493 (3.9) 76 (1.0) 5Chinese Taipei ................... 576 (1.7) 581 (1.9) 556 (2.2) 567 (2.0) 584 (1.7) 569 (1.7) 566 (1.9) 17 (0.9) 568 (4.0) 63 (1.4) 58

Colombia4 .......................... 355 (5.0) 360 (4.3) 361 (4.8) 363 (5.9) 360 (5.2) 357 (5.1) 372 (4.9) 29 (1.5) 384 (5.5) 58 (1.4) 36

Czech Republic.................. 486 (2.8) 482 (2.8) 494 (2.8) 493 (3.3) 473 (2.4) 496 (2.7) 493 (3.4) 8 (0.6) 473 (4.7) 65 (2.0) 48

Denmark5........................... 523 (2.4) 509 (2.9) 544 (2.6) 529 (3.4) 513 (2.7) 528 (2.5) 524 (2.1) 23 (1.2) 514 (3.3) 52 (1.2) 52

El Salvador4 ....................... 330 (4.1) 317 (3.9) 333 (4.3) 367 (3.5) 312 (4.1) 339 (3.7) 356 (4.0) 24 (1.2) 345 (6.3) 62 (1.2) 34

England ............................. 541 (2.9) 531 (3.2) 548 (2.7) 547 (2.5) 544 (3.6) 540 (3.1) 537 (3.1) 3 (0.4) 525 (11.2) 31 (1.6) 54

Georgia4,6........................... 438 (4.2) 464 (3.8) 415 (4.8) 414 (4.6) 450 (4.0) 433 (4.5) 437 (4.2) 27 (1.5) 451 (5.6) 71 (1.5) 44

Germany4 .......................... 525 (2.3) 521 (2.2) 528 (2.0) 534 (3.1) 514 (2.0) 531 (2.2) 528 (2.5) 19 (0.8) 517 (3.4) 76 (0.9) 53

Hong Kong SAR7 ............... 607 (3.6) 606 (3.8) 599 (3.1) 585 (2.7) 617 (3.5) 599 (3.4) 589 (3.5) 18 (1.1) 599 (6.2) 78 (1.1) 6

Hungary............................. 510 (3.5) 510 (3.7) 510 (3.3) 504 (3.5) 511 (3.4) 507 (3.5) 509 (3.8) 21 (1.0) 517 (4.3) 75 (1.1) 5

Iran, Islamic Republic of .... 402 (4.1) 398 (3.6) 429 (3.3) 400 (4.0) 410 (3.6) 405 (3.7) 410 (3.8) 34 (1.7) 424 (5.8) 51 (1.6) 40Italy .................................... 507 (3.1) 505 (3.2) 509 (3.0) 506 (3.4) 514 (3.2) 501 (2.9) 509 (3.1) 18 (1.3) 498 (4.7) 62 (1.6) 50

Japan................................. 568 (2.1) 561 (2.2) 566 (2.2) 578 (2.8) 565 (2.1) 566 (2.0) 563 (2.1) 11 (0.9) 542 (4.6) 64 (1.9) 57

Kazakhstan6....................... 549 (7.1) 556 (6.6) 542 (7.4) 522 (5.8) 559 (7.3) 547 (7.2) 539 (6.1) 42 (2.0) 549 (9.3) 56 (1.9) 55

Kuwait4,8............................. 316 (3.6) 321 (3.5) 316 (3.6) 318 (4.7) 326 (4.6) 305 (4.1)

— (†) 17 (0.9) 313 (6.4) 63 (1.7) 33

Latvia6................................ 537 (2.3) 536 (2.1) 532 (2.6) 536 (3.0) 530 (2.2) 540 (2.5) 537 (2.5) 34 (1.3) 534 (3.2) 65 (1.3) 54

Lithuania6........................... 530 (2.4) 533 (2.3) 518 (2.4) 530 (2.9) 520 (2.8) 539 (2.4) 526 (2.5) 29 (1.3) 526 (3.5) 68 (1.3) 53

Morocco4............................ 341 (4.7) 353 (4.7) 365 (4.3) 316 (6.1) 354 (4.8) 346 (4.7)

— (†) 24 (1.6) 360 (9.1) 61 (1.9) 35

Netherlands9 ...................... 535 (2.1) 535 (2.2) 522 (2.3) 543 (2.3) 525 (2.2) 540 (2.0) 534 (2.4) 1 (0.2) ‡ (†) 10 (0.9) 50

New Zealand...................... 492 (2.3) 478 (2.7) 502 (2.3) 513 (2.6) 482 (2.5) 495 (2.3) 503 (2.8) 8 (0.5) 469 (5.3) 38 (1.1) 48

Norway............................... 473 (2.5) 461 (2.8) 490 (3.0) 487 (2.6) 461 (2.9) 479 (2.8) 489 (2.7) 12 (1.0) 465 (7.4) 53 (1.8) 47Qatar10 ............................... 296 (1.0) 292 (1.2) 296 (1.4) 326 (1.6) 293 (1.3) 296 (1.2)

— (†) 20 (0.6) 301 (3.1) 61 (0.7) 3

Russian Federation............ 544 (4.9) 546 (4.4) 538 (5.1) 530 (4.9) 538 (4.5) 547 (4.8) 540 (4.8) 37 (1.4) 541 (5.7) 61 (1.3) 55

Scotland5 ........................... 494 (2.2) 481 (2.6) 503 (2.6) 516 (2.2) 489 (2.6) 500 (2.4) 497 (2.2) 3 (0.3) 453 (10.7) 30 (1.7) 48

Singapore .......................... 599 (3.7) 611 (4.3) 570 (3.7) 583 (3.2) 620 (4.0) 590 (3.7) 578 (3.8) 34 (0.9) 607 (4.4) 52 (0.9) 60

Slovak Republic ................. 496 (4.5) 495 (3.9) 499 (4.3) 492 (4.2) 492 (3.9) 498 (4.0) 499 (4.0) 10 (0.6) 481 (4.0) 79 (1.2) 50

Slovenia............................. 502 (1.8) 485 (1.9) 522 (1.8) 518 (2.5) 497 (1.8) 504 (1.9) 505 (2.1) 19 (0.9) 487 (3.2) 79 (1.0) 5Sweden.............................. 503 (2.5) 490 (2.5) 508 (2.3) 529 (2.7) 482 (2.5) 508 (2.2) 519 (2.5) 5 (0.6) 472 (6.4) 34 (1.2) 49

Tunisia4 .............................. 327 (4.5) 352 (4.5) 334 (4.5) 307 (4.8) 343 (4.9) 329 (4.8)

— (†) 33 (1.7) 362 (5.5) 53 (1.4) 35

Ukraine .............................. 469 (2.9) 480 (2.9) 457 (2.8) 462 (3.2) 472 (3.0) 466 (3.1) 474 (3.2) 37 (1.3) 475 (3.3) 61 (1.3) 47

United States5,11 ................ 529 (2.4) 524 (2.7) 522 (2.5) 543 (2.4) 541 (2.6) 524 (2.6) 523 (2.2) 12 (0.5) 522 (3.6) 65 (1.2) 53

Yemen10 ............................. 224 (6.0)

— (†)

— (†)

— (†)

— (†)

— (†)

— (†) 30 (2.4) 243 (9.7) 64 (2.5) 24
606 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Number includes whole numbers; fractions and decimals; integers; and ratio, proportion, and percent. Algebra includes patterns; algebraic expressions; and equations/formulas and functions. Geometry includes geometric shapes; geometric measurement;

and location and movement. Data and chance includes data organization and representation; data interpretation; and chance.

2Knowing addresses the facts, procedures, and concepts that students need to know to

function mathematically. Applying focuses on students’ ability to apply knowledge and

conceptual understanding in order to solve problems or answer questions. Reasoning

goes beyond the cognitive processes involved in solving routine problems to include

unfamiliar situations, complex contexts, and multistep problems.

3Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.

4National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population

defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). 

5Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. 

6National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population

(but at least 77 percent). 

7Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the

beginning of the next school year.

8National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population.

NOTE: TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000, with the scale average

fixed at 500 and the standard deviation fixed at 100. Countries were required to sample

students in the grade that corresponded to the end of 8 years of formal schooling, providing that the mean age at the time of testing was at least 13.5 years. Standard errors

appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement

(IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS

2007 International Mathematics Report, by Ina V.S. Mullis et al. (This table was prepared April 2009.)

Table 413. Average eighth-grade mathematics scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, by country: 2007

Country or other jurisdiction

Mathematics

overall

Content domain1 Cognitive domain2

Number Algebra Geometry

Data and

chance Knowing Applying Reasoning

1 2345678 9

Algeria ............................................................. 387 (2.1) 403 (1.7) 349 (2.4) 432 (2.1) 371 (1.7) 371 (1.9) 412 (2.0) — (†)

Armenia ........................................................... 499 (3.5) 492 (3.1) 532 (2.5) 493 (4.1) 427 (3.9) 507 (3.1) 493 (3.8) 489 (3.8)

Australia........................................................... 496 (3.9) 503 (3.7) 471 (3.7) 487 (3.6) 525 (3.2) 487 (3.3) 500 (3.4) 502 (3.3)

Bahrain ............................................................ 398 (1.6) 388 (2.0) 403 (1.8) 412 (2.1) 418 (2.1) 395 (1.7) 403 (1.9) 413 (2.1)

Bosnia and Herzegovina.................................. 456 (2.7) 451 (3.0) 475 (3.2) 451 (3.5) 437 (2.3) 478 (2.9) 440 (2.6) 452 (2.9)

Botswana ......................................................... 364 (2.3) 366 (2.9) 394 (2.2) 325 (3.2) 384 (2.6) 376 (2.1) 351 (2.6) — (†)

Bulgaria ........................................................... 464 (5.0) 458 (4.7) 476 (5.1) 468 (5.0) 440 (4.7) 477 (4.7) 458 (4.8) 455 (4.7)

Chinese Taipei ................................................. 598 (4.5) 577 (4.2) 617 (5.4) 592 (4.6) 566 (3.6) 594 (4.5) 592 (4.2) 591 (4.1)

Colombia ......................................................... 380 (3.6) 369 (3.5) 390 (3.1) 371 (3.3) 405 (3.8) 364 (3.4) 384 (3.7) 416 (3.3)

Cyprus ............................................................. 465 (1.6) 464 (1.6) 468 (2.0) 458 (2.7) 464 (1.6) 468 (1.6) 465 (1.8) 461 (2.1)

Czech Republic................................................ 504 (2.4) 511 (2.5) 484 (2.4) 498 (2.7) 512 (2.8) 502 (2.5) 504 (2.7) 500 (2.6)

Egypt ............................................................... 391 (3.6) 393 (3.1) 409 (3.3) 406 (3.4) 384 (3.1) 392 (3.6) 393 (3.6) 396 (3.4)

El Salvador ...................................................... 340 (2.8) 355 (3.0) 331 (3.7) 318 (3.7) 362 (3.0) 336 (3.1) 347 (3.3) — (†)

England3 .......................................................... 513 (4.8) 510 (5.0) 492 (4.6) 510 (4.4) 547 (5.0) 503 (4.0) 514 (4.9) 518 (4.3)

Georgia4........................................................... 410 (5.9) 421 (5.6) 421 (6.6) 409 (6.7) 373 (4.3) 427 (5.8) 401 (5.5) 389 (5.8)

Ghana.............................................................. 309 (4.4) 310 (3.9) 358 (3.6) 275 (4.9) 321 (3.6) 313 (4.6) 297 (4.2) — (†)

Hong Kong SAR3, 5 .......................................... 572 (5.8) 567 (5.6) 565 (5.6) 570 (5.5) 549 (4.7) 574 (5.4) 569 (5.9) 557 (5.6)

Hungary........................................................... 517 (3.5) 517 (3.6) 503 (3.6) 508 (3.6) 524 (3.3) 518 (3.3) 513 (3.1) 513 (3.2)

Indonesia ......................................................... 397 (3.8) 399 (3.7) 405 (3.5) 395 (4.5) 402 (3.6) 397 (4.0) 398 (3.7) 405 (3.3)

Iran, Islamic Republic of .................................. 403 (4.1) 395 (3.9) 408 (3.9) 423 (4.4) 415 (3.5) 403 (4.1) 402 (4.2) 427 (3.5)

Israel6............................................................... 463 (3.9) 469 (3.2) 470 (3.9) 436 (4.3) 465 (4.4) 473 (3.7) 456 (4.1) 462 (4.1)

Italy .................................................................. 480 (3.0) 478 (2.8) 460 (3.2) 490 (3.1) 491 (3.1) 476 (3.0) 483 (2.9) 483 (2.8)

Japan............................................................... 570 (2.4) 551 (2.3) 559 (2.5) 573 (2.2) 573 (2.2) 560 (2.2) 565 (2.2) 568 (2.4)

Jordan.............................................................. 427 (4.1) 416 (4.3) 448 (4.1) 436 (3.9) 425 (3.8) 432 (4.2) 422 (4.1) 440 (3.6)

Korea, Republic of ........................................... 597 (2.7) 583 (2.4) 596 (3.0) 587 (2.3) 580 (2.0) 596 (2.5) 595 (2.8) 579 (2.3)

Kuwait7............................................................. 354 (2.3) 347 (3.1) 354 (3.0) 385 (2.8) 366 (3.5) 347 (3.1) 361 (2.7) — (†)

Lebanon........................................................... 449 (4.0) 454 (3.4) 465 (3.2) 462 (4.0) 407 (4.4) 464 (3.9) 448 (4.6) 429 (4.0)

Lithuania4......................................................... 506 (2.3) 506 (2.7) 483 (2.7) 507 (2.6) 523 (2.3) 508 (2.5) 511 (2.4) 486 (2.5)

Malaysia........................................................... 474 (5.0) 491 (5.1) 454 (4.3) 477 (5.6) 469 (4.1) 477 (4.8) 478 (4.9) 468 (3.8)

Malta................................................................ 488 (1.2) 496 (1.3) 473 (1.4) 495 (1.1) 487 (1.4) 490 (1.6) 492 (1.0) 475 (1.3)

Norway............................................................. 469 (2.0) 488 (2.0) 425 (2.8) 459 (2.3) 505 (2.5) 458 (1.8) 477 (2.2) 475 (2.3)

Oman............................................................... 372 (3.4) 363 (2.7) 391 (3.2) 387 (3.0) 389 (3.0) 372 (3.5) 368 (3.0) 397 (3.3)

Palestinian National Authority.......................... 367 (3.5) 366 (3.2) 382 (3.4) 388 (3.8) 371 (2.9) 365 (3.8) 371 (3.4) 381 (3.5)

Qatar................................................................ 307 (1.4) 334 (1.6) 312 (1.5) 301 (1.8) 305 (1.6) 307 (1.4) 305 (1.4) — (†)

Romania .......................................................... 461 (4.1) 457 (3.5) 478 (4.6) 466 (4.0) 429 (3.7) 470 (4.2) 462 (4.0) 449 (4.6)

Russian Federation.......................................... 512 (4.1) 507 (3.8) 518 (4.5) 510 (4.1) 487 (3.8) 521 (3.9) 510 (3.7) 497 (3.6)

Saudi Arabia .................................................... 329 (2.9) 309 (3.3) 344 (2.8) 359 (2.6) 348 (2.2) 308 (2.6) 335 (2.3) — (†)

Scotland3 ......................................................... 487 (3.7) 489 (3.7) 467 (3.7) 485 (3.9) 517 (3.5) 481 (3.3) 489 (3.7) 495 (3.3)

Serbia4, 8 .......................................................... 486 (3.3) 478 (2.9) 500 (3.2) 486 (3.6) 458 (3.0) 500 (3.2) 478 (3.3) 474 (3.3)

Singapore ........................................................ 593 (3.8) 597 (3.5) 579 (3.7) 578 (3.4) 574 (3.9) 581 (3.4) 593 (3.6) 579 (4.1)

Slovenia ........................................................... 501 (2.1) 502 (2.3) 488 (2.4) 499 (2.4) 511 (2.3) 500 (2.2) 503 (2.0) 496 (2.5)

Sweden............................................................ 491 (2.3) 507 (1.8) 456 (2.4) 472 (2.5) 526 (3.0) 478 (2.0) 497 (2.0) 490 (2.6)

Syrian Arab Republic....................................... 395 (3.8) 393 (3.4) 406 (3.7) 417 (3.4) 387 (2.7) 393 (4.2) 401 (3.4) 396 (3.4)

Thailand........................................................... 441 (5.0) 444 (4.8) 433 (5.0) 442 (5.3) 453 (4.1) 436 (4.8) 446 (4.7) 456 (4.4)

Tunisia.............................................................. 420 (2.4) 425 (2.6) 423 (2.6) 437 (2.6) 411 (2.3) 421 (2.6) 423 (2.4) 425 (2.3)

Turkey .............................................................. 432 (4.8) 429 (4.0) 440 (5.1) 411 (5.1) 445 (4.4) 439 (4.8) 425 (4.5) 441 (4.2)

Ukraine ............................................................ 462 (3.6) 460 (3.7) 464 (3.9) 467 (3.6) 458 (3.5) 471 (3.5) 464 (3.5) 445 (3.8)

United States3, 8 ............................................... 508 (2.8) 510 (2.7) 501 (2.7) 480 (2.5) 531 (2.8) 514 (2.6) 503 (2.9) 505 (2.4)
CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education 607

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

#Rounds to zero.

1Data are available for at least 50 percent but less than 70 percent of students.

2Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of students. 

3Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after replacement schools were

included.

4National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population

defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). 

5Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China.

6National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population

(but at least 77 percent). 

7Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the

beginning of the next school year.

8National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population.

NOTE: Data provided by teachers. Countries were required to sample students in the

grade that corresponded to the end of 8 years of formal schooling, providing that the mean

age at the time of testing was at least 13.5 years. Detail may not sum to totals because of

rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA),

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics Report, by Ina V.S. Mullis et al. (This table was prepared May 2009.)

Table 414. Percentage distribution of mathematics lesson time spent by eighth-grade students on various activities in a typical week, by country: 

2007

Country or other jurisdiction

Reviewing

homework

Listening to

lecture-style

presentations

Working problems

with teacher’s

guidance

Working problems

on their own

without teacher’s

guidance

Listening to

teacher

re-teach and

clarify content/

procedures

Taking tests or

quizzes

Participating in

classroom

management

tasks not related

to the lesson’s

content/purpose

Other student

activities

1 23456789

International average...................... 11 (0.1) 20 (0.1) 21 (0.1) 16 (0.1) 12 (0.1) 10 (0.1) 5 (0.1) 5 (0.1)

Algeria1 ................................................. 11 (0.6) 15 (1.2) 21 (1.2) 15 (1.0) 18 (1.0) 10 (0.8) 5 (0.4) 5 (0.6)

Armenia ................................................ 10 (0.4) 23 (0.9) 19 (0.6) 16 (0.6) 11 (0.4) 10 (0.4) 5 (0.3) 5 (0.7)

Australia................................................ 7 (0.3) 17 (0.8) 23 (1.0) 24 (1.2) 10 (0.5) 7 (0.3) 8 (0.5) 4 (0.4)

Bahrain2 ................................................ 11 (0.3) 23 (0.6) 18 (0.7) 12 (0.3) 15 (0.8) 11 (0.3) 6 (0.2) 6 (0.3)

Bosnia and Herzegovina2 ..................... 7 (0.4) 29 (1.5) 24 (1.0) 15 (0.7) 11 (0.6) 7 (0.5) 3 (0.3) 4 (0.5)

Botswana2............................................. 13 (0.9) 13 (0.8) 20 (1.0) 21 (1.2) 10 (0.6) 10 (0.8) 6 (0.4) 6 (0.7)

Bulgaria ................................................ 8 (0.4) 19 (1.1) 26 (1.0) 17 (0.7) 9 (0.4) 14 (0.6) 3 (0.3) 3 (0.3)

Chinese Taipei ...................................... 13 (0.6) 41 (1.3) 13 (0.6) 7 (0.4) 10 (0.7) 8 (0.3) 5 (0.5) 3 (0.3)

Colombia .............................................. 10 (0.3) 17 (0.9) 21 (0.8) 17 (0.7) 12 (0.7) 12 (0.5) 6 (0.4) 5 (0.5)

Cyprus2 ................................................. 20 (0.6) 17 (0.6) 23 (0.6) 12 (0.4) 10 (0.3) 9 (0.2) 7 (0.2) 4 (0.3)

Czech Republic..................................... 6 (0.3) 20 (0.6) 25 (0.8) 21 (0.7) 9 (0.3) 11 (0.4) 4 (0.3) 4 (0.3)

Egypt2 ................................................... 10 (0.4) 25 (1.2) 17 (0.7) 14 (0.8) 11 (0.5) 9 (0.4) 6 (0.4) 7 (0.4)

El Salvador ........................................... 10 (0.5) 13 (0.8) 22 (0.8) 20 (0.8) 14 (0.6) 10 (0.5) 6 (0.4) 5 (0.3)

England3 ............................................... 6 (0.3) 17 (0.6) 28 (1.2) 23 (1.2) 11 (0.7) 4 (0.3) 7 (0.5) 4 (0.5)

Georgia4

................................................ 11 (0.5) 21 (1.0) 19 (0.6) 15 (0.7) 11 (0.4) 12 (0.5) 5 (0.4) 6 (0.4)

Ghana2

.................................................. 12 (0.6) 16 (1.0) 18 (0.7) 15 (0.7) 11 (0.6) 15 (0.7) 8 (0.5) 6 (0.4)

Hong Kong SAR3, 5 ............................... 11 (0.7) 35 (1.6) 16 (0.9) 13 (0.8) 10 (0.4) 8 (0.4) 4 (0.4) 3 (0.4)

Hungary................................................ 11 (0.4) 12 (0.7) 27 (0.9) 22 (0.8) 9 (0.5) 11 (0.3) 4 (0.3) 4 (0.4)

Indonesia1............................................. 11 (0.5) 20 (1.0) 19 (0.9) 15 (0.8) 11 (0.6) 14 (0.7) 6 (0.3) 6 (0.5)

Iran, Islamic Republic of ....................... 11 (0.5) 16 (0.8) 19 (0.8) 14 (0.7) 16 (0.8) 11 (0.5) 7 (0.5) 7 (0.4)

Israel1, 6 ................................................. 14 (0.5) 16 (1.0) 22 (0.7) 19 (0.8) 11 (0.4) 10 (0.6) 5 (0.3) 3 (0.5)

Italy ....................................................... 16 (0.6) 22 (0.6) 18 (0.6) 12 (0.4) 14 (0.5) 11 (0.5) 5 (0.3) 3 (0.3)

Japan.................................................... 7 (0.4) 30 (0.8) 26 (0.9) 12 (0.9) 14 (0.5) 7 (0.4) 2 (0.3) 2 (0.4)

Jordan................................................... 12 (0.4) 19 (0.7) 18 (0.6) 15 (0.4) 14 (0.5) 11 (0.4) 6 (0.3) 6 (0.3)

Korea, Republic of ................................ 6 (0.2) 33 (1.1) 18 (0.6) 17 (0.6) 11 (0.5) 7 (0.4) 5 (0.3) 4 (0.3)

Kuwait1, 7 ............................................... 11 (0.6) 21 (1.6) 18 (0.9) 14 (0.8) 16 (1.1) 9 (0.6) 7 (0.6) 5 (0.5)

Lebanon1 .............................................. 22 (1.2) 16 (1.0) 20 (1.2) 10 (1.0) 12 (0.6) 11 (0.5) 5 (0.5) 4 (0.4)

Lithuania4.............................................. 9 (0.3) 9 (0.6) 26 (0.8) 25 (0.8) 11 (0.4) 14 (0.7) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.3)

Malaysia2 .............................................. 13 (0.8) 22 (1.3) 18 (0.8) 13 (0.7) 12 (0.6) 9 (0.4) 7 (0.5) 5 (0.4)

Malta..................................................... 18 (#) 19 (#) 20 (#) 15 (#) 12 (#) 5 (#) 8 (#) 3 (#)

Norway.................................................. 8 (0.4) 22 (0.7) 22 (0.9) 25 (1.0) 11 (0.4) 6 (0.2) 4 (0.3) 3 (0.3)

Oman2

................................................... 11 (0.5) 18 (1.1) 20 (0.8) 14 (0.6) 15 (0.9) 11 (0.6) 6 (0.3) 6 (0.4)

Palestinian National Authority2.............. 13 (0.7) 20 (0.9) 18 (0.7) 14 (0.8) 13 (0.6) 9 (0.5) 6 (0.4) 6 (0.5)

Qatar2 ................................................... 11 (#) 21 (#) 20 (#) 13 (#) 14 (#) 10 (#) 6 (#) 6 (#)

Romania ............................................... 9 (0.4) 18 (0.8) 29 (0.8) 14 (0.5) 9 (0.3) 14 (0.7) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.3)

Russian Federation............................... 10 (0.2) 18 (0.5) 22 (0.6) 20 (0.5) 9 (0.2) 16 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.4)

Saudi Arabia2........................................ 12 (0.5) 22 (1.2) 17 (0.9) 11 (0.5) 15 (0.9) 10 (0.5) 7 (0.4) 7 (0.4)

Scotland3 .............................................. 8 (0.4) 21 (0.6) 25 (1.2) 24 (1.1) 8 (0.3) 3 (0.2) 6 (0.4) 4 (0.5)

Serbia4, 8 ............................................... 6 (0.3) 24 (1.2) 26 (1.1) 20 (1.0) 10 (0.6) 8 (0.5) 3 (0.3) 3 (0.4)

Singapore ............................................. 12 (0.4) 26 (0.8) 19 (0.5) 13 (0.4) 10 (0.3) 8 (0.3) 8 (0.4) 5 (0.4)

Slovenia ................................................ 10 (0.3) 21 (0.5) 23 (0.6) 21 (0.6) 11 (0.4) 5 (0.3) 4 (0.2) 4 (0.4)

Sweden2 ............................................... 4 (0.2) 15 (0.6) 33 (1.3) 28 (1.6) 9 (0.3) 6 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 4 (0.5)

Syrian Arab Republic2........................... 12 (0.6) 24 (1.3) 16 (0.8) 10 (0.5) 15 (0.8) 12 (0.6) 6 (0.4) 6 (0.6)

Thailand................................................ 12 (0.6) 21 (1.0) 15 (0.7) 12 (0.5) 15 (0.6) 10 (0.5) 8 (0.4) 7 (0.5)

Tunisia1 ................................................. 15 (1.0) 13 (1.2) 25 (1.4) 16 (1.3) 17 (1.0) 8 (0.7) 4 (0.4) 3 (0.3)

Turkey ................................................... 8 (0.6) 20 (1.2) 19 (1.0) 13 (0.7) 14 (0.9) 8 (0.6) 10 (1.1) 8 (0.9)

Ukraine ................................................. 11 (0.4) 14 (0.7) 19 (0.6) 18 (0.6) 17 (0.9) 14 (0.6) 2 (0.3) 4 (0.4)

United States3, 8 .................................... 13 (0.4) 21 (0.6) 19 (0.5) 17 (0.5) 10 (0.3) 11 (0.3) 5 (0.3) 5 (0.4)
608 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of students.

2Data are available for at least 50 percent but less than 70 percent of students.

3Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.

4National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population

defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). 

5Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.

6National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population

(but at least 77 percent). 

7Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the

beginning of the next school year.

8National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population.

NOTE: Class size and implemented instructional time for mathematics provided by teachers; total instructional time provided by schools. TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from

0 to 1,000, with the scale average fixed at 500 and the standard deviation fixed at 100.

Countries were required to sample students in the grade that corresponded to the end of 8

years of formal schooling, providing that the mean age at the time of testing was at least

13.5 years. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in

parentheses.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA),

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics Report, by Ina V.S. Mullis et al. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 415. Mathematics class sizes and average scores of eighth-grade students, yearly mathematics instructional time, and mathematics 

instructional time as a percentage of total instructional time, by country: 2007

Country or other jurisdiction

Overall

average

class size

Percentage distribution and average scores of students, by class size Students’

average hours

per year of

mathematics

instructional

time

Mathematics

instructional

time as a

percent of total

instructional

time

1 to 24 students 25 to 40 students 41 or more students

Percent of

students Average score

Percent of

students Average score

Percent of

students Average score

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

International average......................................... 29 (0.1) 30 (0.4) 439 (1.6) 59 (0.5) 456 (0.9) 11 (0.3) 449 (2.9) 120 (0.4) 12 (#)

Algeria ..................................................................... 37 1 (0.7) 5 1 (2.1) 370 1 (10.8) 64 1 (4.2) 388 1 (2.8) 31 1 (3.9) 389 1 (3.2) ‡ (†) 13 2 (0.4)

Armenia ................................................................... 25 (0.4) 40 (4.0) 502 (6.2) 60 (3.9) 497 (4.2) # (†) ‡ (†) 110 (3.9) 11 (0.4)

Australia................................................................... 26 (0.3) 30 (2.8) 471 (6.3) 70 (2.9) 511 (5.3) # (†) ‡ (†) 131 1 (2.0) 13 1 (0.2)

Bahrain .................................................................... 31 (0.1) 6 (0.7) 449 (6.3) 94 (0.7) 393 (1.8) # (†) ‡ (†) 96 2 (2.8) 9 1 (0.3)

Bosnia and Herzegovina.......................................... 24 (0.4) 48 (3.6) 454 (3.9) 52 (3.6) 458 (4.4) # (†) ‡ (†) 102 1 (0.9) 11 1 (0.3)

Botswana ................................................................. 38 (0.4) 1 (0.6) ‡ (†) 73 (3.8) 367 (3.1) 26 (3.7) 355 (5.3) 138 1 (1.5) 13 1 (0.3)

Bulgaria ................................................................... 22 (0.3) 59 (3.5) 441 (7.2) 41 (3.5) 507 (7.1) # (†) ‡ (†) 93 1 (2.0) 12 1 (0.3)

Chinese Taipei ......................................................... 35 (0.5) 4 (1.8) 549 (29.9) 85 (3.3) 593 (4.6) 11 (2.7) 660 (11.0) 158 (3.5) 14 (0.2)

Colombia ................................................................. 35 (0.6) 13 (2.5) 357 (16.1) 66 (4.6) 386 (5.1) 21 (3.9) 383 (5.9) 151 1 (4.7) 12 1 (0.7)

Cyprus ..................................................................... 24 (0.2) 54 (2.7) 466 (2.4) 45 (2.7) 462 (2.6) 1 (#) ‡ (†) 72 2 (0.3) 8 2 (#)

Czech Republic........................................................ 24 (0.3) 49 (4.3) 494 (3.8) 51 (4.3) 514 (3.8) # (†) ‡ (†) 128 (2.1) 14 1 (0.2)

Egypt ....................................................................... 39 (0.6) 4 (1.5) 410 (12.8) 53 (3.6) 395 (4.9) 43 (3.7) 386 (5.6) 93 1 (4.3) 8 (0.4)

El Salvador .............................................................. 29 (0.8) 35 (3.7) 323 (5.7) 51 (4.0) 348 (3.8) 14 (3.2) 348 (10.0) 142 (2.6) 17 (0.5)

England3 .................................................................. 26 (0.6) 30 (3.8) 469 (8.6) 69 (3.7) 533 (5.8) 1 (1.0) ‡ (†) 113 (1.7) 12 (0.2)

Georgia4

................................................................... 23 (0.6) 52 (5.2) 412 (7.4) 47 (5.3) 408 (9.2) 1 (0.6) ‡ (†) 110 (0.8) 13 (0.2)

Ghana...................................................................... 46 (1.9) 13 (2.4) 299 (11.3) 40 (4.2) 299 (7.9) 47 (4.3) 321 (7.7) 146 1 (5.0) 13 (0.5)

Hong Kong SAR3, 5 .................................................. 37 (0.5) 10 (1.9) 513 (23.5) 44 (4.3) 555 (10.1) 46 (4.1) 604 (7.2) 148 2 (3.8) 14 2 (0.4)

Hungary................................................................... 21 (0.5) 72 (3.4) 510 (4.7) 27 (3.3) 533 (8.3) 1 (0.9) ‡ (†) 99 2 (1.3) 13 2 (0.2)

Indonesia ................................................................. 38 (0.9) 6 (1.7) 374 (13.7) 61 (4.2) 400 (5.1) 33 (4.1) 396 (8.6) 136 2 (4.7) 11 2 (0.3)

Iran, Islamic Republic of .......................................... 26 (0.5) 35 (3.2) 386 (5.5) 64 (3.3) 411 (5.7) 1 (1.1) ‡ (†) 99 2 (2.3) 11 2 (0.3)

Israel6....................................................................... 33 2 (0.4) 5 2 (1.2) 473 2 (22.6) 92 2 (2.2) 467 2 (4.7) 3 2 (1.8) 496 2 (42.7) ‡ (†) 12 2 (0.3)

Italy .......................................................................... 22 (0.2) 73 (2.9) 475 (3.4) 27 (2.9) 493 (5.7) # (†) ‡ (†) 136 1 (1.5) 13 1 (0.2)

Japan....................................................................... 34 (0.5) 10 (2.1) 555 (5.9) 85 (2.7) 567 (2.9) 5 (1.6) 645 (24.7) 105 (1.6) 10 (0.1)

Jordan...................................................................... 35 (0.7) 13 (2.5) 431 (17.4) 58 (4.4) 427 (6.2) 29 (4.1) 425 (7.8) 141 (1.1) 14 (0.2)

Korea, Republic of ................................................... 37 (0.4) 4 (1.4) 558 (15.6) 78 (2.6) 596 (3.1) 18 (2.3) 607 (7.2) 104 2 (0.7) 11 2 (0.2)

Kuwait7..................................................................... 30 2 (0.5) 12 2 (3.3) 356 2 (9.9) 87 2 (3.2) 357 2 (2.8) 1 2 (#) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 6 2 (0.6)

Lebanon................................................................... 26 (0.6) 38 (4.3) 426 (6.3) 58 (4.5) 464 (7.1) 4 (1.2) 423 (14.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Lithuania4................................................................. 25 (0.3) 35 (3.2) 480 (4.1) 65 (3.2) 520 (3.6) # (†) ‡ (†) 116 1 (0.9) 13 1 (0.2)

Malaysia................................................................... 36 (0.4) 1 (0.8) ‡ (†) 80 (3.2) 470 (5.8) 19 (3.1) 486 (10.9) 123 (1.0) 11 (0.1)

Malta........................................................................ 22 (#) 71 (0.2) 472 (1.4) 29 (0.2) 523 (1.9) # (†) ‡ (†) 128 (0.1) 13 (#)

Norway..................................................................... 25 (0.4) 47 (3.9) 468 (3.4) 51 (4.0) 471 (2.4) 1 (1.0) ‡ (†) 113 (1.6) 13 (0.2)

Oman....................................................................... 32 (0.4) 10 (2.2) 363 (8.8) 90 (2.2) 373 (3.6) # (†) ‡ (†) 150 2 (4.5) 15 (0.5)

Palestinian National Authority.................................. 38 (0.5) 8 (1.6) 383 (11.7) 51 (4.0) 367 (5.2) 41 (3.6) 364 (6.0) 100 2 (4.0) 11 2 (0.4)

Qatar........................................................................ 27 (#) 20 (0.1) 300 (3.5) 77 (0.2) 309 (1.8) 2 (#) ‡ (†) 138 2 (0.1) 13 2 (#)

Romania .................................................................. 21 (0.3) 76 (2.9) 450 (4.5) 24 (2.9) 500 (8.8) # (†) ‡ (†) 122 1 (1.9) 14 1 (0.3)

Russian Federation.................................................. 21 (0.3) 63 (2.8) 499 (4.6) 37 (2.8) 533 (6.0) # (†) ‡ (†) 131 1 (1.4) 15 1 (0.2)

Saudi Arabia ............................................................ 30 (0.8) 28 (3.6) 330 (5.1) 61 (4.0) 329 (4.2) 11 (2.6) 322 (11.4) 107 2 (3.2) 11 1 (0.3)

Scotland3 ................................................................. 25 (0.5) 43 (3.2) 449 (6.3) 56 (3.1) 517 (4.8) 1 (0.8) ‡ (†) 135 2 (2.2) 13 2 (0.2)

Serbia4, 8 .................................................................. 24 (0.4) 53 (3.9) 480 (4.8) 47 (3.9) 490 (5.1) # (†) ‡ (†) 103 2 (0.8) 13 2 (0.2)

Singapore ................................................................ 38 (0.2) 2 (0.6) ‡ (†) 76 (2.5) 593 (5.2) 22 (2.5) 592 (7.2) 124 (1.0) 13 (0.1)

Slovenia ................................................................... 16 (0.2) 94 (1.0) 500 (2.3) 6 (1.0) 513 (8.2) # (†) ‡ (†) 113 (0.4) 13 (0.1)

Sweden.................................................................... 23 (0.5) 63 (3.6) 488 (2.9) 35 (3.4) 499 (3.7) 2 (1.1) ‡ (†) 93 1 (1.4) 10 1 (0.2)

Syrian Arab Republic............................................... 31 (0.6) 24 (3.6) 405 (8.7) 65 (4.2) 391 (4.7) 11 (2.6) 392 (11.3) 76 1 (3.4) 10 (0.4)

Thailand................................................................... 38 (0.6) 11 (2.4) 406 (11.2) 47 (3.7) 416 (5.7) 42 (3.1) 479 (9.3) 124 (2.3) 10 (0.2)

Tunisia...................................................................... 32 (0.4) 3 (1.2) 398 (6.9) 96 (1.6) 421 (2.4) 1 (1.0) ‡ (†) 126 2 (2.1) 10 1 (0.2)

Turkey ...................................................................... 33 (0.7) 18 (3.4) 423 (11.7) 61 (3.9) 434 (6.5) 20 (2.7) 436 (11.3) 95 (0.4) 11 (0.3)

Ukraine .................................................................... 25 (0.4) 36 (3.2) 447 (6.4) 63 (3.1) 471 (4.8) 1 (0.8) ‡ (†) 130 (2.0) 15 (0.2)

United States3, 8 ....................................................... 24 (0.4) 57 (2.3) 511 (4.0) 41 (2.3) 506 (5.0) 2 (0.9) ‡ (†) 148 2 (2.3) 13 2 (0.2)
CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education 609

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Index based on students’ responses to four statements: 1) I usually do well in mathematics;

2) Mathematics is more difficult for me than for many of my classmates (reverse scored); 3)

Mathematics is not one of my strengths (reverse scored); 4) I learn things quickly in mathematics. Average is computed across the four items based on a 4-point scale: 1. Agree a lot;

2. Agree a little; 3. Disagree a little; 4. Disagree a lot. High SCM indicates agreeing a little or

a lot on average across the four statements. Low SCM indicates disagreeing a little or a lot on

average across the four statements. Medium SCM indicates mixed attitudes across the four

statements.

2Index based on students’ reports on frequency of and amount of time spent on homework.

High TMH indicates more than 30 minutes of mathematics homework assigned 3–4 times

per week. Medium TMH includes all possible combinations of responses not included in the

high or low categories. Low TMH indicates no more than 30 minutes of mathematics homework assigned no more than 2 times per week.

3Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of students.

4Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included. 5National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population

defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).

6Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. 7National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population (but

at least 77 percent).

8Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the beginning of the next school year.

9National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population.

NOTE: TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000, with the scale average fixed at

500 and the standard deviation fixed at 100. Countries were required to sample students in

the grade that corresponded to the end of 8 years of formal schooling, providing that the

mean age at the time of testing was at least 13.5 years. Detail may not sum to totals because

of rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA),

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics Report, by Ina V. S. Mullis et al. (This table was prepared July 2009.)

Table 416. Average mathematics scores and percentage distribution of eighth-graders, by index of self-confidence in learning mathematics, 

index of time spent doing mathematics homework, and country: 2007

Country or other jurisdiction

Index of students’ self-confidence in learning mathematics (SCM)1 Index of time spent doing mathematics homework (TMH) in a normal school week2

High SCM Medium SCM Low SCM High TMH Medium TMH Low TMH

Percent of

students

Average

score

Percent of

students

Average

score

Percent of

students

Average

score

Percent of

students

Average

score

Percent of

students

Average

score

Percent of

students

Average

score

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

International average...... 43 (0.2) 492 (0.6) 37 (0.1) 433 (0.6) 20 (0.1) 412 (0.7) 27 (0.2) 458 (0.9) 53 (0.2) 457 (0.7) 20 (0.2) 441 (1.1)

Algeria .................................. 46 (1.0) 412 (2.2) 41 (0.9) 372 (2.7) 12 (0.6) 358 (2.7) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†)

Armenia3 ............................... 37 (0.9) 521 (4.0) 38 (1.1) 496 (4.6) 26 (1.0) 485 (4.7) 32 (1.2) 501 (4.6) 64 (1.2) 502 (4.4) 4 (0.5) 499 (12.7)

Australia................................ 45 (1.2) 539 (4.8) 35 (0.8) 472 (4.1) 19 (0.9) 445 (3.7) 15 (1.1) 523 (6.6) 44 (1.5) 511 (5.2) 42 (2.0) 481 (4.6)

Bahrain ................................. 53 (0.8) 435 (2.1) 33 (0.7) 366 (2.4) 15 (0.6) 350 (3.0) 15 (0.7) 391 (4.0) 67 (1.1) 404 (1.8) 18 (1.0) 405 (5.2)

Bosnia and Herzegovina....... 41 (1.2) 502 (2.6) 27 (0.8) 441 (3.2) 32 (1.1) 422 (3.5) 24 (1.2) 466 (4.0) 51 (1.2) 458 (3.2) 25 (1.4) 459 (3.8)

Botswana .............................. 42 (1.0) 385 (3.0) 41 (0.9) 355 (2.6) 17 (0.7) 354 (3.6) 29 (0.9) 383 (3.0) 50 (0.9) 365 (2.8) 20 (1.0) 356 (3.4)

Bulgaria ................................ 37 (1.3) 516 (5.5) 38 (1.1) 452 (5.3) 25 (1.1) 430 (7.6) 36 (1.4) 475 (6.4) 48 (1.2) 472 (5.4) 15 (1.5) 458 (8.1)

Chinese Taipei ...................... 27 (1.1) 674 (3.7) 27 (0.7) 610 (5.0) 46 (1.2) 547 (4.4) 31 (1.9) 628 (4.0) 46 (1.3) 613 (4.1) 23 (1.7) 563 (8.7)

Colombia .............................. 46 (1.3) 409 (3.6) 40 (1.2) 363 (3.8) 13 (0.7) 351 (4.5) 36 (1.3) 386 (4.5) 48 (0.9) 379 (3.8) 16 (1.0) 378 (6.0)

Cyprus .................................. 50 (1.0) 508 (1.7) 30 (0.8) 437 (2.5) 20 (0.7) 411 (3.3) 20 (0.9) 463 (4.1) 70 (0.9) 480 (1.8) 11 (0.7) 451 (4.8)

Czech Republic..................... 43 (0.9) 542 (2.6) 31 (0.7) 490 (2.8) 25 (0.8) 456 (3.1) 5 (0.6) 473 (6.4) 46 (2.1) 504 (4.1) 49 (2.4) 511 (3.4)

Egypt .................................... 55 (1.5) 422 (3.7) 38 (1.4) 368 (3.8) 7 (0.4) 356 (8.0) 30 (1.1) 381 (4.6) 58 (1.1) 404 (3.6) 13 (1.0) 416 (6.8)

El Salvador ........................... 35 (1.1) 377 (3.2) 52 (1.1) 327 (2.7) 13 (0.8) 323 (4.5) 46 (1.4) 351 (3.2) 45 (1.0) 337 (3.3) 9 (0.7) 337 (5.2)

England4 ............................... 53 (1.4) 543 (4.9) 32 (1.0) 494 (4.7) 15 (0.8) 457 (5.5) 5 (0.6) 518 (11.0) 31 (1.3) 530 (6.8) 65 (1.7) 513 (4.9)

Georgia5

................................ 44 (1.8) 455 (4.9) 37 (1.5) 401 (7.5) 19 (1.0) 379 (7.0) 34 3 (1.5) 432 3 (5.1) 62 3 (1.6) 414 3 (7.0) 4 3 (0.5) 372 3 (14.2)

Ghana................................... 44 (1.3) 341 (4.8) 46 (0.9) 292 (4.8) 11 (0.8) 285 (7.4) 28 (1.2) 332 (5.2) 55 (1.0) 307 (4.8) 16 (1.0) 313 (5.4)

Hong Kong SAR4,6 ................ 30 (1.1) 622 (5.1) 40 (1.0) 562 (6.7) 30 (0.7) 539 (5.8) 34 (1.6) 589 (4.9) 48 (1.2) 576 (5.9) 18 (1.4) 555 (9.0)

Hungary................................ 42 (1.0) 566 (3.5) 32 (0.9) 499 (4.2) 26 (1.0) 464 (3.7) 16 (0.9) 517 (5.6) 78 (1.2) 524 (3.4) 6 (1.0) 488 (8.0)

Indonesia .............................. 28 (1.0) 405 (5.4) 58 (1.0) 394 (3.8) 14 (0.8) 401 (5.0) 29 (1.1) 417 (5.0) 53 (0.9) 397 (4.0) 18 (0.8) 384 (5.1)

Iran, Islamic Republic of ....... 45 (1.2) 443 (5.0) 40 (1.1) 380 (3.7) 14 (0.9) 368 (6.1) 19 (1.4) 440 (7.7) 55 (1.6) 404 (3.8) 26 (1.5) 378 (5.0)

Israel7.................................... 59 (1.0) 495 (4.1) 29 (0.9) 432 (5.3) 12 (0.7) 417 (7.2) 34 (1.5) 485 (4.9) 53 (1.4) 472 (4.1) 13 (0.9) 448 (9.0)

Italy ....................................... 48 (1.0) 514 (3.1) 28 (0.7) 462 (3.6) 24 (0.9) 434 (3.7) 45 (1.3) 475 (3.1) 47 (1.2) 488 (4.1) 7 (0.6) 483 (5.5)

Japan.................................... 17 (0.6) 638 (3.9) 35 (0.8) 586 (2.9) 48 (0.9) 535 (2.6) 8 (1.1) 566 (10.0) 36 (1.3) 569 (3.3) 57 (2.0) 574 (3.3)

Jordan................................... 58 (1.5) 468 (3.7) 34 (1.2) 388 (4.2) 9 (0.6) 361 (6.6) 26 (1.2) 424 (5.0) 62 (1.1) 439 (4.4) 12 (0.9) 422 (7.1)

Korea, Republic of ................ 29 (0.8) 668 (2.6) 34 (0.7) 606 (3.1) 38 (0.8) 536 (2.8) 6 (0.7) 591 (5.8) 31 (1.5) 595 (3.7) 62 (1.7) 605 (3.1)

Kuwait8.................................. 54 (0.9) 381 (2.5) 35 (0.9) 331 (2.6) 11 (0.6) 319 (5.7) 14 (0.7) 334 (5.1) 58 (1.3) 358 (2.7) 27 (1.5) 373 (3.9)

Lebanon................................ 49 (1.2) 483 (4.1) 39 (1.3) 425 (4.2) 12 (0.9) 416 (4.9) 25 3 (1.3) 445 3 (6.0) 67 3 (1.4) 460 3 (3.9) 8 3 (0.9) 434 3 (9.0)

Lithuania5.............................. 41 (1.0) 556 (2.7) 34 (0.9) 481 (2.9) 25 (0.9) 461 (3.1) 27 (1.1) 498 (2.8) 69 (1.1) 515 (2.7) 4 (0.8) 481 (8.8)

Malaysia................................ 27 (1.4) 521 (5.3) 50 (1.2) 458 (5.1) 23 (0.8) 453 (4.5) 41 (1.1) 486 (5.1) 47 (1.0) 473 (5.1) 12 (0.9) 446 (9.1)

Malta..................................... 38 (0.7) 536 (2.1) 35 (0.7) 467 (2.0) 27 (0.6) 449 (2.2) 24 (0.7) 508 (2.8) 71 (0.7) 498 (1.7) 5 (0.3) 402 (7.4)

Norway.................................. 50 (0.8) 505 (2.1) 31 (0.7) 450 (2.1) 19 (0.7) 415 (2.2) 25 (1.5) 466 (2.6) 53 (1.3) 474 (2.0) 22 (1.6) 473 (3.5)

Oman.................................... 45 (1.1) 415 (3.4) 47 (1.1) 346 (3.7) 8 (0.5) 327 (5.6) 12 (0.7) 374 (5.2) 73 (1.3) 383 (3.1) 15 (1.4) 367 (7.9)

Palestinian National 

Authority............................ 44 (1.1) 414 (3.6) 44 (1.0) 341 (4.3) 13 (0.7) 333 (5.0) 24 (1.1) 374 (4.4) 68 (1.2) 378 (3.8) 7 (0.8) 345 (9.1)

Qatar..................................... 55 (0.6) 339 (2.3) 34 (0.6) 279 (2.3) 11 (0.3) 267 (3.4) 16 (0.4) 300 (3.2) 67 (0.5) 319 (1.5) 17 (0.4) 308 (4.0)

Romania ............................... 33 (1.2) 517 (5.3) 41 (1.1) 449 (4.6) 27 (1.2) 426 (4.4) 66 (1.3) 488 (4.0) 29 (1.3) 433 (5.1) 5 (0.5) 432 (11.4)

Russian Federation............... 41 (1.1) 560 (4.3) 31 (0.8) 496 (4.9) 28 (0.8) 466 (4.1) 50 (1.3) 510 (4.4) 49 (1.2) 520 (4.2) 2 (0.3) ‡ (†)

Saudi Arabia ......................... 47 (1.2) 361 (3.2) 42 (1.0) 310 (3.5) 11 (0.7) 294 (4.9) 13 (0.8) 316 (4.8) 61 (1.8) 339 (3.3) 26 (1.8) 334 (4.4)

Scotland4 .............................. 53 (1.3) 515 (4.0) 33 (1.0) 465 (3.6) 14 (0.7) 442 (4.6) 8 (0.7) 519 (7.2) 41 (1.8) 505 (4.4) 51 (2.1) 478 (4.3)

Serbia5,9 ................................ 48 (1.3) 539 (3.4) 25 (0.8) 464 (3.6) 27 (1.1) 426 (3.9) 31 (1.4) 490 (5.0) 40 (1.3) 496 (4.3) 28 (1.4) 481 (4.3)

Singapore ............................. 41 (1.0) 638 (3.3) 34 (0.9) 572 (4.6) 25 (0.8) 547 (4.7) 42 (1.0) 616 (3.2) 43 (0.9) 595 (4.3) 16 (0.9) 547 (6.9)

Slovenia ................................ 40 (1.1) 541 (2.9) 41 (0.9) 485 (2.2) 19 (0.8) 458 (3.2) 20 (1.1) 503 (2.6) 64 (1.3) 505 (2.4) 16 (1.0) 498 (4.1)

Sweden................................. 49 (1.0) 528 (2.6) 35 (0.7) 468 (2.4) 16 (0.6) 438 (3.6) 3 3 (0.4) 461 3 (7.7) 35 3 (1.2) 490 3 (3.1) 62 3 (1.3) 498 3 (2.4)

Syrian Arab Republic............ 47 (1.1) 429 (3.5) 40 (0.9) 378 (4.2) 13 (0.7) 361 (4.7) 44 3 (1.1) 408 3 (3.9) 48 3 (0.9) 399 3 (3.8) 8 3 (0.6) 409 3 (6.8)

Thailand................................ 22 (1.1) 489 (6.9) 60 (0.9) 428 (4.6) 18 (0.7) 430 (5.6) 39 (1.4) 461 (5.6) 45 (1.1) 435 (5.4) 15 (1.0) 419 (6.7)

Tunisia................................... 45 (1.3) 452 (2.8) 34 (0.8) 400 (2.6) 21 (1.0) 391 (2.7) 45 (1.3) 425 (2.8) 44 (1.0) 419 (2.9) 11 (0.9) 417 (4.1)

Turkey ................................... 39 (1.1) 494 (6.1) 36 (0.8) 403 (4.7) 24 (1.0) 384 (4.3) 22 (1.1) 428 (5.8) 49 (1.0) 433 (5.0) 29 (1.2) 443 (5.9)

Ukraine ................................. 36 (1.2) 523 (3.8) 36 (0.9) 448 (3.5) 28 (1.1) 423 (3.2) 40 (1.2) 468 (4.5) 53 (1.1) 467 (3.5) 7 (0.7) 466 (6.8)

United States4,9..................... 53 (1.0) 537 (2.5) 28 (0.7) 487 (3.2) 19 (0.7) 462 (3.0) 26 (1.1) 522 (3.8) 62 (1.2) 510 (3.0) 12 (1.2) 484 (4.3)
610 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Life science includes characteristics and life processes of living things; life cycles, reproduction, and heredity; interaction with the environment; ecosystems; and human health.

Physical science includes classification and properties of matter; physical states and

changes in matter; energy sources, heat, and temperature; light and sound; electricity and

magnetism; and forces and motion. Earth science includes Earth's structure, physical characteristics, and resources; Earth's processes, cycles, and history; and Earth in the solar

system.

2Knowing addresses the facts, information, concepts, tools, and procedures that students

need to know to function scientifically. Applying focuses on students’ ability to apply knowledge and conceptual understanding to solve problems or answer questions. Reasoning

goes beyond the cognitive processes involved in solving routine problems to include more

complex tasks.

3Data are available for at least 50 percent but less than 70 percent of the students.

4Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of the students.

5Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after replacement schools were

included.

6National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population

defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). 

7Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.

8Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the

beginning of the next school year.

9Nearly satisfied guidelines for sample participation rates only after replacement schools

were included. 

10National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population.

NOTE: Implemented instructional time for science provided by teachers; total instructional

time provided by schools. TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000, with the

scale average fixed at 500 and the standard deviation fixed at 100. Countries were required

to sample students in the grade that corresponded to the end of 4 years of formal schooling, providing that the mean age at the time of testing was at least 9.5 years. Standard

errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA),

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Science Report, by Michael O. Martin et al. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 417. Average fourth-grade science scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, yearly science instructional time, and science 

instructional time as a percentage of total instructional time, by country: 2007

Country or other jurisdiction

Average score Students’

average hours

per

year of

science

instructional

time

Science

instructional

time

as a percent of

total

instructional

Science overall time

Content domain1 Cognitive domain2

Life science

Physical

science Earth science Knowing Applying Reasoning

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

International average................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 67 (0.4) 8 (#)

Algeria ............................................................. 354 (6.0) 351 (6.2) 377 (5.3) 365 (5.7) 350 (5.8) 379 (5.7) 357 (5.8) 67 3 (4.7) 6 4 (0.4)

Armenia ........................................................... 484 (5.7) 489 (5.9) 492 (5.1) 479 (5.5) 486 (5.2) 487 (5.6) 484 (5.3) 81 (4.0) 9 (0.4)

Australia........................................................... 527 (3.3) 528 (3.4) 522 (3.1) 534 (3.2) 529 (3.1) 523 (3.3) 530 (3.4) 46 3 (2.2) 5 3 (0.2)

Austria ............................................................. 526 (2.5) 526 (2.0) 514 (2.4) 532 (1.9) 529 (2.0) 526 (2.2) 513 (2.3) 92 (1.0) 12 (0.1)

Chinese Taipei ................................................. 557 (2.0) 541 (2.1) 559 (2.5) 553 (1.9) 536 (2.5) 556 (2.1) 571 (2.4) 79 3 (1.5) 9 4 (0.2)

Colombia ......................................................... 400 (5.4) 408 (5.2) 411 (4.9) 401 (5.6) 409 (5.5) 404 (5.4) 409 (5.1) 139 4 (3.9) 13 4 (0.4)

Czech Republic................................................ 515 (3.1) 520 (2.9) 511 (2.8) 518 (2.6) 520 (2.7) 516 (3.1) 510 (2.9) 41 4 (1.3) 5 (0.2)

Denmark5......................................................... 517 (2.9) 527 (2.4) 502 (2.5) 522 (2.7) 516 (2.9) 515 (2.6) 525 (3.8) 59 4 (0.9) 7 3 (0.1)

El Salvador ...................................................... 390 (3.4) 410 (3.6) 392 (3.8) 393 (3.3) 410 (3.9) 393 (3.6) 376 (4.0) 135 (3.5) 15 (0.5)

England ........................................................... 542 (2.9) 532 (2.7) 543 (2.7) 538 (2.9) 543 (2.9) 536 (2.7) 537 (2.7) 70 4 (1.7) 7 (0.2)

Georgia6

........................................................... 418 (4.6) 427 (3.5) 414 (4.0) 432 (5.0) 434 (3.8) 424 (4.1) 388 (4.9) 35 4 (2.8) 5 3 (0.5)

Germany.......................................................... 528 (2.4) 529 (2.0) 524 (2.5) 524 (2.4) 527 (2.2) 526 (2.2) 525 (2.3) 106 4 (2.1) 13 4 (0.2)

Hong Kong SAR7 ............................................. 554 (3.5) 532 (3.5) 558 (3.5) 560 (3.2) 546 (3.2) 549 (3.0) 561 (4.4) 72 3 (5.2) 7 3 (0.5)

Hungary........................................................... 536 (3.3) 548 (2.8) 529 (3.3) 517 (3.5) 540 (3.0) 531 (3.2) 529 (3.7) 54 3 (1.5) 8 3 (0.2)

Iran, Islamic Republic of .................................. 436 (4.3) 442 (4.4) 454 (4.2) 433 (4.1) 437 (4.3) 451 (4.3) 436 (4.3) 83 (2.4) 12 (0.4)

Italy .................................................................. 535 (3.2) 549 (3.0) 521 (3.1) 526 (3.0) 530 (3.9) 539 (3.1) 526 (3.8) 68 4 (1.4) 6 4 (0.1)

Japan............................................................... 548 (2.1) 530 (2.0) 564 (2.3) 529 (2.7) 528 (2.2) 542 (2.7) 567 (2.1) 82 (1.2) 9 (0.1)

Kazakhstan6

..................................................... 533 (5.6) 528 (5.0) 528 (5.8) 534 (5.2) 534 (5.8) 536 (4.9) 519 (5.3) 52 (1.3) 7 (0.2)

Kuwait8............................................................. 348 (4.4) 353 (4.9) 345 (5.2) 363 (3.8) 360 (3.9) 338 (4.3) 331 (5.4) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Latvia6.............................................................. 542 (2.3) 535 (2.1) 544 (2.4) 536 (2.2) 540 (2.2) 535 (2.4) 551 (2.7) 48 4 (1.2) 7 4 (0.2)

Lithuania6......................................................... 514 (2.4) 516 (1.8) 514 (1.4) 511 (2.5) 511 (1.7) 515 (2.8) 524 (2.4) 51 4 (0.6) 8 (0.1)

Morocco........................................................... 297 (5.9) 292 (6.8) 324 (5.5) 293 (6.2) 291 (5.8) 311 (6.3) 318 (5.4) 54 3 (4.2) 5 3 (0.3)

Netherlands9 .................................................... 523 (2.6) 536 (2.2) 503 (2.3) 524 (2.5) 518 (2.5) 525 (2.2) 525 (2.3) 33 3 (1.5) 3 3 (0.1)

New Zealand.................................................... 504 (2.6) 506 (2.5) 498 (2.5) 515 (2.6) 511 (2.5) 500 (2.4) 505 (2.9) 45 3 (2.5) 5 3 (0.3)

Norway............................................................. 477 (3.5) 487 (2.5) 469 (2.7) 497 (2.9) 485 (2.4) 478 (2.8) 480 (3.2) 44 4 (1.9) 5 4 (0.2)

Qatar................................................................ 294 (2.6) 291 (1.4) 303 (2.1) 305 (2.2) 304 (2.3) 283 (2.7) 293 (2.9) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Russian Federation.......................................... 546 (4.8) 539 (4.1) 547 (4.6) 536 (4.3) 542 (4.8) 546 (4.7) 542 (4.6) 40 3 (1.1) 6 3 (0.2)

Scotland5 ......................................................... 500 (2.3) 504 (2.2) 499 (1.9) 508 (2.5) 511 (2.0) 494 (2.4) 501 (2.2) 51 3 (3.1) 5 4 (0.3)

Singapore ........................................................ 587 (4.1) 582 (4.1) 585 (3.9) 554 (3.3) 587 (4.1) 579 (3.7) 568 (3.7) 82 (0.9) 9 (0.1)

Slovak Republic ............................................... 526 (4.8) 532 (4.0) 513 (4.6) 530 (4.8) 527 (4.4) 527 (4.4) 513 (4.9) 59 4 (0.7) 7 (0.1)

Slovenia ........................................................... 518 (1.9) 511 (2.2) 530 (1.6) 517 (2.5) 511 (1.6) 525 (2.1) 527 (1.8) 84 4 (0.8) 12 4 (0.1)

Sweden............................................................ 525 (2.9) 531 (2.5) 508 (2.7) 535 (2.7) 526 (2.5) 521 (2.9) 527 (3.5) 56 4 (2.5) 6 4 (0.3)

Tunisia.............................................................. 318 (5.9) 323 (5.6) 340 (6.4) 325 (5.8) 316 (5.9) 329 (6.3) 349 (5.3) 71 3 (2.7) 8 3 (0.3)

Ukraine ............................................................ 474 (3.1) 482 (2.5) 475 (2.7) 474 (3.1) 476 (2.4) 477 (3.2) 478 (3.0) 33 (1.1) 5 (0.2)

United States5,10 .............................................. 539 (2.7) 540 (2.5) 534 (2.3) 533 (2.6) 541 (2.3) 533 (2.8) 535 (2.6) 89 4 (2.5) 8 4 (0.2)

Yemen.............................................................. 197 (7.2) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 83 3 (5.7) 10 4 (0.5)
CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education 611

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

1Biology includes characteristics, classification, and life processes of organisms; cells and their

functions; life cycles, reproduction, and heredity; diversity, adaptation, and natural selection;

ecosystems; and human health. Chemistry includes classification and composition of matter;

properties of matter; and chemical change. Physics includes physical states and changes in

matter; energy transformations, heat, and temperature; light; sound; electricity and magnetism;

and forces and motion. Earth science includes Earth's structure and physical features; Earth's

processes, cycles, and history; Earth's resources and their use and conservation; and Earth in

the solar system and the universe.

2Knowing addresses the facts, information, concepts, tools, and procedures that students need

to know to function scientifically. Applying focuses on students’ ability to apply knowledge and

conceptual understanding to solve problems or answer questions. Reasoning goes beyond the

cognitive processes involved in solving routine problems to include more complex tasks.

3National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population (but at

least 77 percent).

4Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.

5National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population defined

by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).

6Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.

7Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the beginning of the next school year.

8National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population. 

NOTE: TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000, with the scale average fixed at

500 and the standard deviation fixed at 100. Countries were required to sample students in the

grade that corresponded to the end of 8 years of formal schooling, providing that the mean age

at the time of testing was at least 13.5 years. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA),

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Science Report, by Michael O. Martin et al. (This table was prepared June 2009.)

Table 418. Average eighth-grade science scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, by country: 2007

Country or other jurisdiction Science overall

Content domain1 Cognitive domain2

Biology Chemistry Physics Earth science Knowing Applying Reasoning

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Algeria .................................................. 408 (1.7) 411 (1.9) 414 (1.7) 397 (2.2) 413 (1.6) 409 (1.9) 410 (2.4) 414 (1.9)

Armenia ................................................ 488 (5.8) 490 (5.9) 478 (6.3) 503 (5.6) 475 (5.8) 493 (6.4) 502 (5.4) 459 (6.5)

Australia................................................ 515 (3.6) 518 (3.4) 505 (3.6) 508 (4.2) 519 (3.8) 501 (3.1) 510 (3.2) 530 (3.6)

Bahrain ................................................. 467 (1.7) 473 (2.0) 468 (2.4) 466 (1.5) 465 (2.4) 469 (2.1) 468 (2.1) 469 (2.0)

Bosnia and Herzegovina....................... 466 (2.8) 464 (3.0) 468 (2.9) 463 (3.1) 469 (3.4) 486 (3.7) 463 (2.8) 452 (3.1)

Botswana .............................................. 355 (3.1) 359 (2.9) 371 (2.4) 351 (3.2) 361 (4.0) 361 (2.9) 358 (3.2) 362 (2.7)

Bulgaria3 ............................................... 470 (5.9) 467 (6.0) 472 (6.1) 466 (5.6) 480 (5.5) 489 (5.8) 471 (6.1) 448 (6.1)

Chinese Taipei ...................................... 561 (3.7) 549 (3.4) 573 (4.2) 554 (3.7) 545 (2.9) 565 (3.5) 560 (3.4) 541 (3.5)

Colombia .............................................. 417 (3.5) 434 (3.7) 420 (3.1) 407 (3.5) 407 (3.9) 418 (4.0) 417 (3.1) 428 (2.7)

Cyprus .................................................. 452 (2.0) 447 (1.9) 452 (2.5) 458 (2.8) 457 (2.3) 438 (2.6) 456 (2.0) 460 (2.3)

Czech Republic..................................... 539 (1.9) 531 (2.1) 535 (2.7) 537 (2.1) 534 (2.0) 533 (2.1) 539 (1.9) 534 (2.3)

Egypt .................................................... 408 (3.6) 406 (3.4) 413 (4.0) 413 (3.3) 426 (3.8) 434 (3.9) 404 (3.6) 395 (3.4)

El Salvador ........................................... 387 (2.9) 398 (3.0) 377 (3.2) 380 (3.5) 400 (2.9) 394 (3.2) 388 (3.2) 384 (3.4)

England4 ............................................... 542 (4.5) 541 (4.4) 534 (4.0) 545 (4.0) 529 (4.3) 530 (4.9) 538 (4.0) 547 (4.0)

Georgia5

................................................ 421 (4.8) 423 (3.9) 418 (4.6) 416 (5.8) 425 (4.1) 440 (5.1) 422 (4.5) 394 (4.6)

Ghana................................................... 303 (5.4) 304 (4.9) 342 (4.9) 276 (5.8) 294 (5.8) 316 (5.7) 291 (5.5) — (†)

Hong Kong SAR4,6 ................................ 530 (4.9) 527 (4.6) 517 (4.6) 528 (4.8) 532 (4.5) 532 (4.5) 522 (4.9) 533 (5.0)

Hungary................................................ 539 (2.9) 534 (2.7) 536 (3.5) 541 (3.2) 531 (2.9) 524 (3.0) 549 (3.0) 530 (3.0)

Indonesia .............................................. 427 (3.4) 428 (3.1) 421 (3.4) 432 (3.1) 442 (3.3) 426 (3.6) 425 (3.1) 438 (3.2)

Iran, Islamic Republic of ....................... 459 (3.6) 449 (3.6) 463 (3.5) 470 (3.6) 476 (3.7) 468 (3.9) 454 (3.8) 462 (3.8)

Israel3.................................................... 468 (4.3) 472 (4.2) 467 (4.6) 472 (4.6) 462 (4.1) 456 (5.0) 472 (4.2) 481 (4.2)

Italy ....................................................... 495 (2.8) 502 (3.0) 481 (2.9) 489 (3.1) 503 (3.1) 494 (3.3) 498 (2.9) 493 (2.6)

Japan.................................................... 554 (1.9) 553 (1.9) 551 (1.9) 558 (1.9) 533 (2.5) 534 (2.2) 555 (2.0) 560 (2.0)

Jordan................................................... 482 (4.0) 478 (3.8) 491 (4.1) 479 (4.2) 484 (3.6) 491 (4.5) 485 (4.1) 471 (4.1)

Korea, Republic of ................................ 553 (2.0) 548 (1.9) 536 (2.4) 571 (2.4) 538 (2.2) 543 (2.0) 547 (2.0) 558 (2.0)

Kuwait7.................................................. 418 (2.8) 419 (2.6) 418 (3.8) 438 (2.8) 410 (3.0) 430 (2.5) 417 (2.9) 411 (2.9)

Lebanon................................................ 414 (5.9) 405 (6.2) 447 (5.5) 431 (5.1) 389 (6.4) 403 (5.9) 422 (5.8) 420 (5.6)

Lithuania5.............................................. 519 (2.5) 527 (2.3) 507 (2.3) 505 (2.9) 515 (2.5) 513 (2.4) 512 (2.2) 527 (2.5)

Malaysia................................................ 471 (6.0) 469 (5.8) 479 (5.0) 484 (5.7) 463 (5.4) 458 (6.5) 473 (5.9) 487 (4.9)

Malta..................................................... 457 (1.4) 453 (1.7) 461 (2.1) 470 (1.7) 456 (1.5) 436 (1.5) 462 (1.6) 473 (1.4)

Norway.................................................. 487 (2.2) 487 (2.3) 483 (2.2) 475 (3.0) 502 (2.5) 486 (2.0) 486 (2.3) 491 (2.8)

Oman.................................................... 423 (3.0) 414 (3.1) 416 (3.6) 443 (2.9) 439 (2.5) 428 (3.5) 423 (3.2) 428 (3.5)

Palestinian National Authority............... 404 (3.5) 402 (4.1) 413 (4.2) 414 (3.7) 408 (3.7) 407 (3.5) 412 (4.0) 396 (3.8)

Qatar..................................................... 319 (1.7) 318 (1.7) 322 (1.8) 347 (2.1) 312 (1.9) 325 (1.7) 322 (1.5) — (†)

Romania ............................................... 462 (3.9) 459 (3.2) 463 (4.0) 458 (3.4) 471 (3.3) 451 (4.2) 470 (3.5) 460 (3.5)

Russian Federation............................... 530 (3.9) 525 (3.6) 535 (3.7) 519 (4.0) 525 (3.4) 534 (4.3) 527 (3.8) 520 (3.7)

Saudi Arabia ......................................... 403 (2.4) 407 (2.4) 390 (2.5) 408 (2.3) 423 (2.3) 417 (2.1) 403 (2.7) 395 (2.5)

Scotland4 .............................................. 496 (3.4) 495 (3.2) 497 (3.2) 494 (3.7) 498 (3.2) 480 (3.9) 495 (3.1) 511 (3.6)

Serbia5,8 ................................................ 470 (3.2) 474 (3.2) 467 (3.7) 467 (3.0) 466 (3.8) 485 (2.8) 469 (3.6) 455 (3.5)

Singapore ............................................. 567 (4.4) 564 (4.2) 560 (4.1) 575 (3.9) 541 (4.1) 554 (4.5) 567 (4.2) 564 (4.1)

Slovenia ................................................ 538 (2.2) 530 (2.3) 539 (2.5) 524 (2.0) 542 (2.2) 533 (2.0) 533 (2.2) 538 (2.2)

Sweden................................................. 511 (2.6) 515 (2.4) 499 (2.4) 506 (2.7) 510 (3.0) 505 (2.3) 509 (2.7) 517 (2.6)

Syrian Arab Republic............................ 452 (2.9) 459 (2.7) 450 (2.9) 447 (2.7) 448 (3.2) 474 (2.9) 445 (3.0) 440 (2.7)

Thailand................................................ 471 (4.3) 478 (4.5) 462 (4.1) 458 (4.2) 488 (3.8) 473 (4.4) 472 (4.1) 473 (4.0)

Tunisia................................................... 445 (2.1) 452 (2.2) 458 (2.5) 432 (2.5) 447 (1.8) 441 (2.0) 445 (2.3) 458 (2.9)

Turkey ................................................... 454 (3.7) 462 (3.4) 435 (5.2) 445 (4.3) 466 (3.3) 462 (3.6) 450 (3.6) 462 (3.4)

Ukraine ................................................. 485 (3.5) 477 (3.4) 490 (3.3) 492 (3.9) 482 (4.0) 477 (3.8) 488 (3.7) 488 (3.9)

United States4,8..................................... 520 (2.9) 530 (2.8) 510 (2.7) 503 (2.7) 525 (3.1) 512 (2.9) 516 (2.7) 529 (2.9)
612 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

Achievement, Instruction, and Student Activities

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1Data are available for at least 50 percent but less than 70 percent of students.

2Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of students.

3National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population (but

at least 77 percent).

4Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included. 5National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population

defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).

6Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.

7Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the beginning of the next school year.

8National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population.

NOTE: Data provided by teachers. Countries were required to sample students in the grade

that corresponded to the end of 8 years of formal schooling, providing that the mean age at

the time of testing was at least 13.5 years. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA),

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Science Report, by Michael O. Martin et al. (This table was prepared July 2009.)

Table 419. Percentage distribution of science lesson time spent by eighth-grade students on various activities in a typical week, by country: 2007

Country or other jurisdiction

Reviewing

homework

Listening to

lecture-style

presentations

Working

problems

with

teacher’s

guidance

Working

problems

on their

own without

teacher’s

guidance

Listening

to teacher

re-teach and

clarify content/

procedures

Taking tests

or quizzes

Participating in

classroom

management

tasks not related

to the lesson’s

content/purpose

Other

student

activities

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

International average................................. 9 (0.1) 25 (0.2) 17 (0.1) 13 (0.1) 13 (0.1) 10 (0.1) 6 (0.1) 7 (0.1)

Algeria1 ............................................................ 10 (0.4) 22 (1.5) 14 (0.7) 12 (0.7) 20 (1.3) 10 (0.7) 5 (0.3) 7 (0.6)

Armenia ........................................................... 12 (0.5) 24 (0.6) 15 (0.4) 13 (0.4) 13 (0.4) 11 (0.3) 6 (0.2) 5 (0.3)

Australia........................................................... 7 (0.3) 19 (0.8) 20 (0.8) 15 (0.7) 11 (0.5) 7 (0.3) 10 (0.7) 12 (1.1)

Bahrain2 ........................................................... 10 (0.3) 24 (0.9) 16 (0.4) 10 (0.3) 13 (0.4) 12 (0.5) 8 (0.2) 7 (0.3)

Bosnia and Herzegovina1 ................................ 6 (0.2) 34 (1.1) 20 (0.6) 13 (0.5) 11 (0.4) 8 (0.3) 4 (0.2) 5 (0.4)

Botswana2........................................................ 11 (0.5) 20 (1.3) 17 (1.0) 15 (0.9) 13 (0.8) 11 (0.7) 6 (0.4) 7 (0.7)

Bulgaria2, 3 ....................................................... 6 (0.3) 30 (1.0) 17 (0.6) 13 (0.5) 8 (0.3) 17 (0.6) 4 (0.4) 4 (0.4)

Chinese Taipei ................................................. 10 (0.5) 48 (1.5) 11 (0.6) 5 (0.4) 9 (0.8) 8 (0.6) 4 (0.3) 3 (0.4)

Colombia ......................................................... 11 (0.6) 17 (1.0) 18 (1.3) 18 (1.1) 11 (0.6) 11 (0.6) 7 (0.5) 6 (0.5)

Cyprus1 ............................................................ 12 (0.2) 23 (0.4) 18 (0.2) 10 (0.2) 14 (0.2) 10 (0.1) 7 (0.2) 6 (0.2)

Czech Republic................................................ 5 (0.2) 31 (0.6) 18 (0.3) 15 (0.4) 10 (0.3) 10 (0.2) 5 (0.3) 6 (0.3)

Egypt1 .............................................................. 11 (0.7) 28 (1.4) 13 (0.8) 11 (0.6) 14 (0.8) 10 (0.5) 6 (0.4) 7 (0.5)

El Salvador ...................................................... 12 (0.5) 16 (0.7) 16 (0.7) 14 (0.7) 16 (0.7) 11 (0.5) 8 (0.4) 7 (0.5)

England2, 4........................................................ 7 (0.3) 16 (0.9) 28 (1.0) 20 (0.8) 10 (0.4) 5 (0.2) 7 (0.4) 8 (0.6)

Georgia2, 5 ........................................................ 12 (0.4) 23 (1.4) 12 (0.4) 9 (0.4) 9 (0.4) 18 (0.6) 6 (0.4) 10 (1.2)

Ghana2

............................................................. 11 (0.7) 16 (0.9) 17 (0.8) 14 (0.6) 12 (0.7) 15 (0.6) 8 (0.5) 7 (0.4)

Hong Kong SAR4, 6 .......................................... 9 (0.6) 39 (1.6) 15 (1.0) 8 (0.9) 8 (0.4) 8 (0.9) 5 (0.4) 8 (1.0)

Hungary2.......................................................... 8 (0.2) 20 (0.7) 19 (0.5) 16 (0.4) 13 (0.4) 14 (0.3) 4 (0.2) 7 (0.4)

Indonesia1........................................................ 12 (0.5) 24 (1.1) 15 (0.8) 11 (0.5) 12 (0.5) 13 (0.7) 7 (0.3) 7 (0.3)

Iran, Islamic Republic of .................................. 9 (0.3) 17 (0.7) 15 (0.6) 12 (0.5) 15 (0.6) 14 (0.6) 8 (0.5) 9 (0.4)

Israel3............................................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Italy .................................................................. 12 (0.4) 29 (0.7) 13 (0.4) 10 (0.4) 16 (0.6) 10 (0.4) 5 (0.3) 5 (0.4)

Japan2.............................................................. 3 (0.3) 47 (1.5) 15 (1.0) 5 (0.8) 14 (0.7) 5 (0.5) 2 (0.3) 8 (1.3)

Jordan.............................................................. 13 (0.5) 20 (1.1) 17 (0.5) 12 (0.5) 14 (0.5) 12 (0.5) 6 (0.3) 6 (0.4)

Korea, Republic of2 .......................................... 5 (0.3) 49 (1.6) 9 (0.4) 8 (0.4) 13 (0.8) 6 (0.4) 6 (0.5) 5 (0.5)

Kuwait7............................................................. ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Lebanon1 ......................................................... 16 (0.8) 18 (1.2) 19 (0.8) 8 (0.7) 14 (0.9) 14 (0.6) 6 (0.4) 6 (0.4)

Lithuania5......................................................... 8 (0.2) 12 (0.5) 22 (0.5) 23 (0.5) 14 (0.4) 14 (0.5) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.3)

Malaysia2 ......................................................... 13 (0.6) 24 (1.4) 15 (0.7) 11 (0.6) 13 (0.8) 10 (0.5) 9 (0.7) 6 (0.5)

Malta................................................................ 10 (#) 31 (0.1) 15 (#) 10 (0.1) 13 (0.1) 5 (#) 9 (0.1) 7 (#)

Norway............................................................. 8 (0.4) 27 (0.8) 18 (0.9) 16 (0.7) 12 (0.4) 6 (0.3) 4 (0.3) 9 (0.8)

Oman2.............................................................. 10 (0.7) 21 (1.5) 16 (0.8) 13 (0.6) 14 (0.8) 11 (0.7) 5 (0.3) 9 (0.9)

Palestinian National Authority1......................... 11 (0.5) 25 (1.3) 16 (0.7) 11 (0.5) 14 (0.8) 10 (0.4) 6 (0.4) 7 (0.4)

Qatar1 .............................................................. 11 (#) 25 (0.1) 13 (#) 12 (#) 12 (#) 10 (#) 7 (#) 11 (#)

Romania .......................................................... 9 (0.3) 24 (0.8) 19 (0.5) 13 (0.4) 11 (0.5) 14 (0.5) 5 (0.2) 5 (0.2)

Russian Federation.......................................... 12 (0.3) 23 (0.5) 19 (0.4) 16 (0.4) 9 (0.2) 15 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.2)

Saudi Arabia .................................................... ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†)

Scotland2, 4....................................................... 6 (0.2) 23 (0.6) 28 (0.7) 18 (0.8) 9 (0.3) 4 (0.2) 7 (0.3) 5 (0.3)

Serbia2, 5, 8........................................................ 5 (0.2) 39 (0.8) 19 (0.6) 11 (0.4) 11 (0.3) 8 (0.3) 3 (0.2) 5 (0.4)

Singapore ........................................................ 12 (0.3) 34 (0.8) 14 (0.5) 10 (0.3) 9 (0.3) 8 (0.3) 7 (0.4) 5 (0.4)

Slovenia ........................................................... 6 (0.2) 28 (0.7) 22 (0.6) 16 (0.4) 13 (0.4) 5 (0.3) 4 (0.2) 7 (0.5)

Sweden2 .......................................................... 5 (0.3) 25 (0.7) 29 (0.8) 15 (0.9) 11 (0.3) 7 (0.2) 4 (0.2) 5 (0.6)

Syrian Arab Republic1...................................... 12 (0.6) 28 (1.4) 14 (0.6) 10 (0.5) 14 (0.8) 11 (0.5) 6 (0.3) 6 (0.3)

Thailand........................................................... 11 (0.6) 21 (1.2) 14 (0.7) 11 (0.6) 18 (0.8) 11 (0.5) 8 (0.4) 7 (0.4)

Tunisia2 ............................................................ 9 (0.7) 14 (1.2) 26 (1.5) 14 (1.0) 18 (1.0) 11 (0.9) 5 (0.4) 5 (0.5)

Turkey .............................................................. 8 (0.3) 18 (0.8) 19 (0.9) 12 (0.6) 15 (0.8) 9 (0.6) 9 (0.6) 8 (0.4)

Ukraine ............................................................ 12 (0.3) 16 (0.8) 15 (0.4) 15 (0.4) 20 (0.8) 14 (0.4) 3 (0.1) 6 (0.4)

United States4, 8 ............................................... 9 (0.4) 20 (0.8) 18 (0.6) 15 (0.6) 11 (0.4) 9 (0.3) 7 (0.3) 12 (0.9)
CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education 613

Attainment and Degrees

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Attainment and Degrees

—Not available.

1Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each

country reporting data contributes equally.

2

Data from 2000 reported for 2001.

3

Data from 2004 reported for 2005. 

4

Data from 2002 shown for 2001. Data from 2003 reported for 2005. 

NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified by the Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) as International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 3. ISCED level 3 corresponds to high school completion in the United

States. ISCED 3C short programs do not correspond to high school completion; these

short programs are excluded from this table.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Education

at a Glance, 2002, 2007, and 2010. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 420. Percentage of the population 25 to 64 years old who completed high school, by age group and country: 2001, 2005, and 2008

Country

2001 2005 2008

Total,

25 to 64

years old

25 to 34

years old

35 to 44

years old

45 to 54

years old

55 to 64

years old

Total,

25 to 64

years old

25 to 34

years old

Total,

25 to 64

years old

25 to 34

years old

35 to 44

years old

45 to 54

years old

55 to 64

years old

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

OECD average1 ............................ 64.2 74.0 68.4 60.2 48.6 64.8 74.1 71.1 80.0 74.8 67.8 58.2

Australia................................................ 58.9 70.7 60.2 54.6 43.8 65.0 78.6 69.9 82.5 72.6 66.0 55.5

Austria2 ................................................. 75.7 83.3 80.4 71.9 62.5 80.6 87.5 81.0 87.7 84.8 79.0 70.5

Belgium2 ............................................... 58.5 75.3 62.6 51.3 38.4 66.1 80.9 69.6 83.1 77.2 64.4 52.1

Canada ................................................. 81.9 89.3 84.9 81.0 66.6 85.2 90.8 87.1 91.9 90.2 85.6 79.6

Chile ..................................................... — — — — — 50.0 64.3 68.0 84.5 74.2 65.5 39.3

Czech Republic..................................... 86.2 92.5 89.8 84.0 76.3 89.9 93.9 90.9 94.2 93.9 89.7 85.1

Denmark............................................... 80.2 86.3 80.4 80.4 71.9 81.0 87.4 77.6 86.1 81.9 73.6 69.1

Finland.................................................. 73.8 86.8 84.3 70.0 50.9 78.8 89.4 81.1 90.1 87.8 82.3 65.9

France................................................... 63.9 78.4 67.4 58.3 46.2 66.3 81.1 70.0 82.9 76.7 64.3 55.0

Germany............................................... 82.6 85.5 85.5 82.9 75.8 83.1 84.1 85.3 85.8 86.9 85.8 82.2

Greece.................................................. 51.4 72.6 60.3 43.1 27.6 57.1 73.6 61.1 74.8 68.8 56.4 39.2

Hungary................................................ 70.2 80.9 78.5 71.8 44.1 76.4 85.0 79.7 85.6 82.8 78.4 70.5

Iceland.................................................. 56.9 61.2 60.2 55.5 45.6 62.9 69.0 64.1 69.0 68.3 60.9 55.8

Ireland................................................... 57.6 73.4 62.4 48.2 35.3 64.5 81.1 69.5 84.7 74.5 61.9 44.7

Italy ....................................................... 43.3 57.5 49.3 38.5 21.8 50.1 65.9 53.3 68.9 57.1 49.4 35.2

Japan.................................................... 83.1 93.6 94.0 81.1 62.8 — — — — — — —

Korea, Republic of ................................ 68.0 94.6 76.8 49.1 29.9 75.5 97.3 79.1 97.6 93.3 68.1 40.4

Luxembourg.......................................... 52.7 59.4 56.7 47.1 42.1 65.9 76.5 67.9 79.4 69.5 62.7 57.2

Mexico .................................................. 21.6 25.4 24.7 17.5 11.1 21.3 24.0 33.6 39.8 36.3 30.2 19.1

Netherlands2 ......................................... 65.0 74.0 69.0 60.0 51.0 71.8 81.3 73.3 82.4 77.3 71.3 62.2

New Zealand......................................... 75.7 81.8 79.5 75.1 60.1 78.7 85.2 72.1 79.5 74.3 70.5 62.1

Norway2 ................................................ 85.2 93.4 90.3 81.9 69.9 77.2 83.5 80.7 84.0 81.9 78.4 78.3

Poland................................................... 45.9 51.7 47.5 44.5 36.4 51.4 62.5 87.1 92.8 90.9 87.0 76.0

Portugal ................................................ 19.9 32.5 19.9 13.6 8.5 26.5 42.8 28.2 46.7 28.7 20.0 13.5

Slovak Republic .................................... 85.1 93.7 89.9 82.9 66.0 85.7 93.0 89.9 94.5 93.3 88.4 80.9

Spain .................................................... 40.0 57.1 44.7 29.0 17.1 48.8 63.9 51.2 65.0 56.7 45.0 29.1

Sweden................................................. 80.6 90.7 86.3 78.4 65.1 83.6 90.6 85.0 91.2 90.4 83.6 75.0

Switzerland ........................................... 87.4 91.8 90.0 85.1 80.6 83.0 87.9 86.8 90.3 88.2 85.5 82.7

Turkey ................................................... 24.3 30.2 23.5 19.2 13.3 27.2 35.7 30.3 40.3 27.0 24.4 18.7

United Kingdom .................................... 63.0 68.0 65.0 61.2 55.1 66.7 72.9 69.6 76.6 69.7 67.0 63.4

United States ........................................ 87.7 88.1 88.7 89.2 82.6 87.8 86.7 88.7 88.1 88.6 89.2 88.8

Reporting partner countries

Brazil3................................................ — — — — — 29.5 38.0 38.8 49.8 40.0 32.7 23.2

Estonia3............................................. — — — — — 89.1 87.4 88.5 85.1 93.2 91.9 82.8

Israel ................................................. — — — — — 79.2 85.7 81.2 87.5 83.6 77.0 72.3

Russian Federation4.......................... 88.0 91.0 93.7 89.4 71.2 88.9 92.0 — — — — —

Slovenia ............................................ — — — — — 80.3 91.2 82.0 92.4 84.8 77.9 71.5
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.#Rounds to zero.1International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 5B corresponds to the associate's degree in the United States in

this table.

2ISCED 5A, first award, corresponds to the bachelor's degree in the United States; ISCED 5A, second award, corresponds to master's and first-professional degrees in the United States; and ISCED 6 corresponds to doctor's degrees.3Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally.

4Data from 2000 reported for 2001.5Included in bachelor's or higher degree.6Data from 2002 shown for 2001. NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified by the Organization for EcoISCED level 5B; level 5A, first and second award; and level 6.SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Ewas prepared July 2010.)

Table 421. Percentage of the population 25 to 64 years old who attained selected levels of postsecondary education, by age group and country: 2001 and 2008Country

2001 2008

Vocational degree1 Bachelor’s or higher degree2 Vocational degree1 

Total,

25 to 64

years old

25 to 34

years old

35 to 44

years old

45 to 54

years old

55 to 64

years old

Total,

25 to 64

years old

25 to 34

years old

35 to 44

years old

45 to 54

years old

55 to 64

years old

Total,

25 to 64

years old

25 to 34

years old

35 to 44

years old

45 to 54

years old

55 to 64

years old

Tota

25 to 6

years ol

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1

OECD average3 ............. 8.2 9.8 9.0 7.4 5.6 14.7 17.9 15.5 13.7 10.0 9.4 10.1 10.0 9.1 7.1 20.

Australia................................. 9.7 9.7 10.1 10.1 8.7 19.2 23.9 19.3 18.7 12.4 10.3 9.8 10.7 10.7 9.7 25.

Austria4 .................................. 7.3 7.9 8.2 7.1 5.5 6.6 7.1 7.8 6.3 4.4 7.4 5.9 7.6 8.5 7.3 10.

Belgium4 ................................ 15.0 19.3 16.4 13.1 9.2 12.1 16.7 13.0 9.7 7.6 15.9 19.5 17.1 14.9 11.8 16.

Canada .................................. 21.2 25.4 22.8 19.5 14.8 20.4 25.1 19.8 19.7 15.3 23.6 26.1 25.7 23.3 18.8 25.

Chile ...................................... — — — — — — — — — — 8.5 11.5 10.9 6.7 3.2 15.Czech Republic...................... (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 11.1 11.3 13.0 10.7 9.3 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 14.

Denmark................................ 18.9 18.4 20.1 20.7 15.8 7.5 10.7 7.9 6.4 4.4 7.0 8.2 7.8 6.8 5.3 27.Finland................................... 17.5 20.2 20.8 16.0 12.1 14.8 18.0 16.2 13.4 11.2 15.0 5.4 19.9 19.3 14.9 21.France.................................... 11.2 16.7 11.7 8.8 5.9 11.9 17.5 10.8 10.0 8.2 11.1 16.9 12.9 8.6 5.6 16.Germany................................ 9.7 8.2 10.7 10.0 9.7 13.5 13.5 14.9 14.6 10.5 9.0 6.5 9.4 10.0 9.4 16.Greece................................... 5.4 7.4 7.2 3.8 2.9 12.4 16.6 14.5 11.8 6.2 6.6 9.6 7.9 5.3 2.7 16.Hungary................................. (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 14.1 14.7 15.1 14.4 11.7 # 1.0 # # # 18.

Iceland................................... 6.0 5.5 7.6 5.7 4.1 18.8 21.1 21.2 18.6 11.0 3.4 2.2 4.2 4.3 2.6 27.Ireland.................................... 21.6 28.1 23.2 17.8 13.1 14.0 19.8 13.7 11.2 8.0 11.7 14.5 13.5 9.9 6.6 22.Italy ........................................ (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 10.0 11.8 10.9 10.4 6.2 # # 0.5 # # 14.Japan..................................... 14.6 23.4 18.6 11.0 5.1 19.2 24.3 24.9 17.3 10.1 18.5 24.1 22.6 17.8 10.1 24.

Korea, Republic of ................. 6.7 14.5 5.9 2.2 0.8 17.5 25.0 20.0 11.0 8.1 10.9 23.3 10.8 4.4 1.4 25.

Luxembourg........................... 6.7 8.3 6.5 5.8 5.5 11.4 15.1 11.3 9.6 8.0 7.7 10.8 6.9 6.5 6.5 20.Mexico ................................... 1.7 2.7 1.8 0.8 0.4 13.3 15.3 15.5 10.8 6.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.7 14.Netherlands4 .......................... 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 21.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 15.0 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.1 29.

New Zealand.......................... 15.3 11.6 15.8 17.6 17.0 13.9 16.9 14.7 14.4 7.2 14.9 13.9 14.0 16.0 15.8 25.

Norway4 ................................. 2.8 2.8 3.4 3.0 1.9 25.6 32.0 25.6 23.4 18.5 2.4 1.8 2.1 3.0 2.7 33.

Poland.................................... (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 11.9 15.2 10.9 10.8 10.2 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 19.

Portugal ................................. 2.4 3.1 2.5 2.1 1.5 6.6 10.6 6.6 4.6 3.2 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 14.Slovak Republic ..................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 10.3 11.2 10.6 10.5 8.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 14.Spain ..................................... 6.7 11.6 7.1 3.4 2.1 16.9 23.9 18.0 12.8 8.3 9.2 13.0 10.8 6.6 4.1 20.Sweden.................................. 14.7 17.1 16.9 14.4 9.6 16.9 19.7 15.8 17.2 14.7 8.6 8.4 8.4 9.1 8.6 23.

Switzerland ............................ 9.6 9.7 11.3 8.6 7.7 15.8 15.9 18.2 15.4 12.5 10.4 9.7 11.4 10.7 9.3 23.

Turkey .................................... (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 8.9 10.2 8.0 9.1 6.3 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 12.

United Kingdom ..................... 8.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 18.0 12.0 9.0 7.7 9.7 9.6 8.7 23.United States ......................... 9.0 9.2 9.6 9.5 6.5 28.3 29.9 27.9 30.0 24.1 9.6 9.3 9.9 10.2 8.9 31.Reporting partner countries

Brazil.................................. — — — — — — — — — — (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 10.Estonia............................... — — — — — — — — — — 12.0 12.3 12.1 12.3 11.0 22.Israel .................................. — — — — — — — — — — 15.1 13.4 15.8 15.8 16.5 28.Russian Federation6........... 33.5 34.2 37.1 34.4 26.0 20.8 21.3 21.3 20.4 18.9 — — — — — — 

Slovenia ............................. — — — — — — — — — — 10.8 11.7 11.4 10.8 9.2 11.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 1Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributesequally. The average is omitted for years in which less than 75 percent of the countries reported data."NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) as International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 5A, first award. This level corresponds to the

bachelor's degree in the United States. The recipients per 100 persons ratio relates the number of people of all ages earningbachelor's degrees in a particular year to the number of people in the population at the typical age of graduation. The typicalage is based on full-time attendance and normal progression through the education system (without repeating a year, taking

a year off, etc.); this age varies across countries because of differences in tgram duration. This age is presented for the most recent year of data and mously published volumes of the Digest of Education Statistics for the typicaLuxembourg are not shown because tertiary students study for only 1 year from previously published figures.SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECDand Online Education Database, retrieved June 10, 2010, from http://stats.

June 2010.)

Table 422. Number of bachelor's degree recipients per 100 persons of the typical age of graduation, by sex and country: 2002 through 2007Country

Typical age

of

graduation,

2007

Total Male 

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2003 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

OECD average1 ............. — — — 34.0 35.4 37.1 38.5 — — 27.7 28.3 29.7 31.0 — — 

Australia................................. 20-23 50.7 54.8 46.9 59.9 59.6 60.7 43.0 46.7 37.4 47.9 47.4 48.6 58.8 63.4 

Austria ................................... 22-26 18.0 19.0 19.6 20.4 21.7 22.4 17.9 18.7 19.0 19.0 20.4 20.8 18.1 19.4 

Belgium (Flemish).................. 22-24 19.2 — 18.3 18.4 19.0 35.4 18.7 — 17.5 17.0 17.9 32.6 19.7 — 

Canada .................................. 22-24 — — 31.5 33.6 39.3 35.2 — — 24.3 25.2 29.5 26.5 — — 

Chile ...................................... 23-26 — — 25.1 11.5 15.0 14.5 — — 22.9 9.7 13.0 11.9 — — Czech Republic...................... 23-25 15.4 17.3 21.0 26.0 30.7 36.4 14.3 15.9 18.8 22.6 26.5 31.0 16.6 18.8 

Denmark................................ 24-26 34.4 38.6 49.9 52.9 50.3 50.9 23.4 25.1 35.6 37.2 37.0 38.3 45.7 52.3 

Finland................................... 24-26 51.8 55.8 54.7 53.8 57.3 58.8 37.7 40.4 39.5 38.8 40.6 41.3 66.4 72.2 

France.................................... 20-25 39.0 41.5 40.0 — 34.2 33.8 32.9 34.9 33.4 — 30.6 30.2 45.3 48.4 

Germany................................ 24-27 19.2 19.5 20.6 20.5 21.0 23.2 19.3 19.3 20.3 20.0 20.0 22.0 19.1 19.7 

Greece................................... 22-27 — — 19.1 23.9 23.5 21.7 — — 13.3 16.3 16.1 14.7 — — Hungary................................. 23-24 31.1 33.6 37.3 41.5 38.2 38.8 23.2 24.6 26.6 29.0 26.1 26.2 39.3 43.2 

Iceland................................... 23-25 40.0 44.2 50.5 56.3 62.8 62.8 27.2 29.4 31.4 33.6 37.7 38.0 53.1 59.1 

Ireland.................................... 21-23 30.9 36.8 38.6 40.7 42.8 44.8 25.6 29.7 31.9 33.3 33.4 36.4 36.2 44.0 

Italy ........................................ 23-25 22.4 27.8 40.1 44.8 42.7 38.7 19.2 24.0 33.3 37.3 35.1 31.6 25.6 31.6 

Japan..................................... 22-24 34.1 34.4 36.3 36.9 38.7 38.8 40.2 40.1 41.4 41.3 42.8 42.9 27.6 28.5 

Korea, Republic of ................. 21-23 31.5 31.7 32.3 35.5 41.0 42.9 31.6 32.1 31.5 34.8 40.2 42.7 31.3 31.2 

Mexico ................................... 23-26 16.5 14.3 13.8 15.2 18.1 18.2 15.6 13.3 13.1 14.5 16.7 16.8 17.4 15.3 

Netherlands ........................... 21-25 38.6 42.5 42.9 47.2 49.2 47.8 34.4 36.4 37.2 40.2 42.9 41.7 42.9 48.7 

New Zealand.......................... 21-23 41.6 39.0 47.6 49.0 53.5 53.8 31.8 29.1 34.9 36.6 40.6 41.6 51.3 49.1 

Norway................................... 22-25 41.1 42.0 43.3 42.1 45.1 45.0 29.7 30.0 31.5 28.8 31.9 31.8 52.8 54.2 

Poland.................................... 23-25 — — 44.4 45.0 44.8 46.6 — — 32.6 32.8 32.9 34.4 — — 

Portugal ................................. 22-24 — — 32.9 33.7 34.9 46.0 — — 20.4 21.7 22.7 35.0 — — 

Slovak Republic ..................... 23-24 — — 28.3 30.1 33.7 37.9 — — 24.4 25.6 26.0 26.8 — — Spain ..................................... 20-22 33.1 32.0 35.2 35.0 35.3 34.7 26.4 25.5 27.5 27.1 27.1 26.6 40.0 38.9 

Sweden.................................. 25 35.2 38.4 39.9 44.0 43.3 42.2 26.5 28.6 29.7 30.8 29.8 29.1 44.1 48.5 

Switzerland ............................ 24-27 20.8 20.9 22.4 25.0 27.0 28.9 23.3 23.5 24.0 26.1 26.8 28.7 18.3 18.4 

Turkey .................................... 22-26 — — 14.0 11.3 15.4 17.0 — — 15.2 11.8 16.3 17.9 — — United Kingdom ..................... 20-24 — — 39.2 39.8 39.0 39.0 — — 34.2 34.1 33.0 32.9 — — United States ......................... 22-24 36.1 33.4 33.2 34.2 35.5 36.5 29.7 27.6 27.5 28.1 29.1 30.1 42.9 39.4 

Reporting partner countries

Brazil.................................. 22-23 — — 15.6 17.5 21.3 22.7 — — 11.8 13.3 16.2 18.4 — — 

Estonia............................... 22-24 — — — 28.5 26.4 27.3 — — — 17.6 15.4 17.6 — — 

Israel .................................. 26 — — 32.3 32.9 33.4 36.1 — — 25.3 25.7 26.8 29.1 — — Russian Federation............ 21-22 — — — 45.9 43.7 48.6 — — — — — — — — 

Slovenia ............................. 25-26 — — — 21.6 21.6 21.1 — — — 14.3 14.2 13.9 — — 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. 1Includes life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics/statistics, computer science, and engineering.2Includes life sciences and physical sciences.3Includes mathematics/statistics and computer science.4Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributesequally. The average is omitted for years in which less than 75 percent of the countries reported data.5Country did not exist in its current form in the given year.

NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified by the Organization for Ecas International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 5A, first adegree in the United States. Data for Luxembourg are not shown because tebourg. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. DetaSOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD21, 2010, from http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared Jun

Table 423. Percentage of bachelor's degrees awarded in mathematics and science, by field and country: Selected years, 1990 through 2007Country

All mathematics and science degrees1 Natural sciences2 Mathematics and computer science3 

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 

OECD average4 ............. — — 22.8 22.7 22.3 22.4 — — 5.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 — — 4.0 5.3 5.3 5.1 — 

Australia................................. — 19.3 21.1 21.1 21.3 20.3 — 9.9 7.6 5.9 6.4 6.5 — 3.8 5.1 8.2 7.7 6.6 — Austria ................................... 19.6 21.1 25.7 26.8 29.2 28.6 5.3 6.0 5.0 5.4 6.1 4.7 5.2 5.3 3.4 7.2 8.8 8.7 9.0 Belgium (Flemish).................. — — 23.6 24.7 24.9 24.2 — — 6.4 5.7 5.5 5.4 — — 2.3 5.2 5.1 3.7 — Canada .................................. 16.4 16.7 20.0 20.7 17.0 21.1 6.0 6.5 8.1 6.5 5.5 8.9 4.2 3.8 4.3 5.9 4.5 4.6 6.2 

Chile ...................................... — — — 22.9 24.0 19.9 — — — 3.2 2.5 1.8 — — — 2.6 3.8 2.1 — Czech Republic...................... (5) — 29.5 26.7 27.0 27.5 (5) — 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.4 (5) — 8.4 3.8 4.7 4.9 (5) 

Denmark................................ — — 10.5 16.3 16.2 19.0 4.4 2.5 6.8 2.4 2.3 2.7 — — 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.3 21.7 Finland................................... 33.5 37.2 32.2 30.0 29.1 28.4 4.1 4.0 3.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 5.9 6.9 3.3 5.6 5.3 5.2 23.4 France.................................... — — 30.1 26.0 26.2 26.3 — — 12.2 6.5 6.7 6.6 — — 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.6 — Germany................................ 31.3 31.6 31.7 31.3 27.2 27.4 7.2 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.7 3.5 5.2 4.9 8.1 8.1 8.3 20.5 Greece................................... — — — 25.9 — 22.1 — — — 8.3 — 4.8 — — — 8.4 — 6.7 — Hungary................................. — — 12.6 11.0 13.9 15.3 — — 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 — — 1.2 2.4 5.4 5.9 — 

Iceland................................... — — 16.5 14.1 14.6 13.5 — — 6.0 5.0 4.7 3.9 — — 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.9 — Ireland.................................... 34.1 32.3 29.3 17.7 23.3 22.7 14.1 16.9 11.5 3.5 — — 6.3 4.7 7.2 4.4 — — 13.7 

Italy ........................................ 19.7 19.5 27.5 23.9 23.2 22.3 7.6 6.8 5.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 3.9 3.8 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 8.3 Japan..................................... — — 22.3 20.8 20.3 20.1 2.4 3.4 — — — — — — — — — — 21.0 Korea, Republic of ................. — — 36.9 37.0 36.3 35.6 — — 6.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 — — 4.3 5.4 5.7 5.9 — 

Mexico ................................... — — 23.0 27.3 26.9 26.5 — — 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.7 — — 6.7 9.3 8.9 8.5 — Netherlands ........................... 21.1 — 16.2 14.9 14.6 14.0 7.1 — 3.2 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.9 4.6 5.1 4.9 12.4 New Zealand.......................... 19.5 — 17.8 19.9 19.4 17.6 8.2 — 11.2 6.7 6.6 6.2 5.5 — 1.9 7.6 6.7 5.5 5.8 Norway................................... 12.9 16.8 11.6 13.7 13.2 12.8 2.1 3.1 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.5 3.4 4.7 3.8 3.0 10.2 Poland.................................... — — 16.7 17.7 21.6 21.4 — — 2.7 2.3 4.0 3.9 — — 2.0 5.3 6.0 5.6 — Portugal ................................. — 15.0 17.5 25.6 25.5 32.7 6.7 2.2 1.7 6.0 4.9 4.9 — 2.8 3.6 6.2 6.5 7.6 10.5 

Slovak Republic ..................... (5) — 21.9 24.6 21.1 21.1 (5) — 2.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 (5) — 4.6 4.4 4.0 5.1 (5) 

Spain ..................................... 15.0 18.2 22.7 24.1 24.4 24.8 5.7 4.3 5.3 4.2 4.0 3.8 2.6 4.5 4.3 5.2 5.5 5.6 6.7 Sweden.................................. 24.0 26.4 27.7 26.9 26.2 24.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.7 5.5 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.3 15.2 Switzerland ............................ 23.0 22.3 25.1 24.2 22.7 23.0 11.2 10.4 6.0 6.9 6.2 6.3 3.7 3.7 1.8 4.7 4.3 4.2 8.1 Turkey .................................... 20.6 20.9 24.1 22.3 17.1 17.4 4.6 5.1 7.4 6.1 4.9 5.2 2.1 2.7 3.6 4.1 3.2 3.3 13.8 United Kingdom ..................... — — 28.5 26.0 25.2 24.6 — — 12.5 9.2 9.0 9.1 — — 5.8 8.3 7.7 6.9 — United States ......................... 16.9 — 17.1 16.7 16.4 16.1 5.1 — 6.6 5.8 6.0 6.3 4.0 3.3 3.9 4.8 4.2 3.7 7.8 Reporting partner countries

Brazil.................................. — — — 11.4 11.3 11.6 — — — 3.2 3.2 3.2 — — — 3.5 3.3 3.1 — Estonia............................... (5) — — 23.8 21.1 21.9 (5) — — 6.3 4.7 5.4 (5) — — 6.2 5.9 6.2 (5) 

Israel .................................. — — 19.0 26.7 24.1 21.7 — — 3.1 5.1 5.4 5.5 — — 6.8 7.5 5.4 4.1 — Russian Federation............ (5) — — — 24.5 — (5)—————(5)—————(5) Slovenia ............................. (5) — — 17.7 15.0 17.4 (5) — — 4.1 2.8 3.8 (5) — — 2.0 2.1 2.2 (5) 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available. #Rounds to zero.1Includes life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics/statistics, computer science, and engineering.2Includes life sciences and physical sciences.3Includes mathematics/statistics and computer science.4Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributesequally. The average is omitted for years in which less than 75 percent of the countries reported data.5Country did not exist in its current form in the given year.

6Only includes doctor's (Ph.D.) degrees.NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified by the Organization for Ecas International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 5A, secoaward, corresponds to master's and first-professional degrees in the United degrees. Data for Luxembourg are not shown because tertiary students stuhave been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to toSOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD15, 2010, from http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared Jun

Table 424. Percentage of graduate degrees awarded in mathematics and science, by field and country: Selected years, 1990 through 2007Country

All mathematics and science degrees1 Natural sciences2 Mathematics and computer science3 

1990 1996 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 1996 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 1996 2000 2005 2006 2007 1990 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 

OECD average4 ............. — — 28.9 25.0 23.8 23.5 — — 11.2 8.9 8.1 7.8 — — 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.1 — 

Australia................................. — 14.0 15.2 20.0 21.4 21.0 — 5.4 4.0 3.1 2.7 2.9 — 3.8 4.9 8.7 10.6 10.8 — Austria ................................... 37.7 38.8 39.2 38.6 43.0 47.2 12.3 17.5 16.7 15.0 14.4 12.3 4.6 4.7 4.7 6.6 12.0 15.4 20.8 

Belgium (Flemish).................. — — 19.7 18.7 19.7 18.9 — — — 9.3 9.6 8.9 — — — 3.3 3.7 4.0 — Canada .................................. 20.0 22.3 22.4 18.8 25.3 27.4 7.8 7.7 7.4 5.0 6.5 10.1 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.0 4.9 4.6 8.8 

Chile ...................................... — — — 8.5 8.7 11.2 — — — 2.2 3.2 3.4 — — — 1.6 1.2 2.6 — Czech Republic...................... (5) — 21.0 26.1 16.4 17.9 (5) — 5.3 8.3 4.3 4.0 (5) — 7.9 5.6 3.3 3.0 (5) 

Denmark................................ 22.2 12.3 27.8 23.4 22.2 21.8 5.8 3.1 9.8 7.5 6.9 7.0 4.8 1.5 2.5 9.2 8.0 7.8 11.6 

Finland................................... 30.6 28.3 28.7 30.5 33.8 34.7 14.7 11.6 11.3 11.6 12.4 14.1 5.4 4.0 2.4 4.1 4.5 4.7 10.5 

France.................................... — — 26.4 28.4 26.6 29.6 — — 13.5 12.5 10.1 11.0 — — 5.6 7.0 6.5 7.0 — Germany................................ 33.2 38.6 38.1 30.9 31.3 32.4 23.5 25.5 24.9 14.8 14.0 14.3 2.3 3.5 3.7 4.8 5.7 6.0 7.4 Greece................................... — — — 42.8 — 26.9 — — — 22.3 — 8.2 — — — 5.3 — 8.3 — Hungary................................. — — 9.9 6.4 6.1 7.7 — — 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.5 — — 0.7 1.7 1.2 2.0 — 

Iceland................................... — — 35.9 23.0 14.8 10.6 — — 19.4 9.5 7.0 5.3 — — # 3.0 1.9 1.4 — Ireland.................................... 34.5 23.1 28.1 16.8 19.5 17.9 19.5 10.9 6.9 4.1 — — 5.8 3.0 15.2 6.3 — — 9.3 Italy ........................................ — — 11.7 15.9 18.2 18.6 — — 0.3 3.5 4.8 4.7 — — 5.8 3.5 2.0 2.7 — Japan..................................... — — 54.4 50.9 49.6 47.6 9.5 10.2 — — — — — — — — — — 45.1 Korea, Republic of ................. — — 48.4 43.9 41.6 38.7 — — 8.5 9.5 9.2 8.1 — — 5.7 2.0 1.8 1.6 — 

Mexico ................................... — — 31.4 6 14.7 14.0 12.9 — — 18.9 6 3.3 3.2 3.2 — — 4.1 6 3.2 3.6 2.5 — 

Netherlands ........................... 28.9 18.6 — 21.3 16.8 14.8 17.7 4.4 — — — — 1.5 3.7 — — — — 9.7 New Zealand.......................... 22.6 16.7 20.5 16.6 15.0 16.3 13.8 12.7 11.6 7.2 7.7 8.4 4.7 1.1 1.4 5.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 Norway................................... 33.4 38.3 22.0 25.8 26.1 22.1 8.0 8.7 14.9 7.8 8.2 6.7 2.1 1.9 4.6 11.9 11.7 10.3 23.3 

Poland.................................... — — — 9.1 10.8 10.6 — — — — — — — — — — — — — Portugal ................................. — — 39.3 6 33.8 35.8 39.4 — — 11.7 6 12.0 12.9 13.6 — — 9.4 6 10.0 10.4 9.4 — 

Slovak Republic ..................... (5) — 38.1 36.8 34.3 31.7 (5) — 12.6 10.8 9.2 7.5 (5) — 4.7 4.2 4.2 2.6 (5) 

Spain ..................................... 26.9 36.0 — 37.5 6 26.1 6 19.3 6 19.7 24.8 23.9 6 23.8 6 17.8 6 12.6 6 1.4 4.1 5.4 6 4.6 6 3.2 6 2.3 6 5.7 

Sweden.................................. 48.5 32.3 40.5 23.7 30.3 26.3 19.4 9.2 14.3 8.0 8.5 8.1 9.2 5.9 4.0 2.8 4.1 4.0 19.9 Switzerland ............................ 30.2 40.1 42.7 32.0 31.0 30.8 22.0 25.8 11.7 11.7 12.9 12.4 1.7 4.1 19.5 3.4 3.2 3.3 6.5 

Turkey .................................... 24.0 — 25.7 21.4 20.1 18.7 7.6 — 7.6 6.7 5.9 5.2 3.3 — 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.2 13.2 United Kingdom ..................... — — 21.7 20.3 20.1 19.9 — — 7.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 — — 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.1 — United States ......................... 14.5 13.8 13.0 13.5 13.1 12.7 4.2 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 6.9 Reporting partner countries

Brazil.................................. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Estonia............................... (5) — — 23.9 22.3 27.4 (5) — — 10.0 10.3 10.8 (5) — — 5.0 5.0 6.0 (5) 

Israel .................................. — — 18.1 17.9 19.5 18.6 — — 9.2 8.9 9.6 9.3 — — 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 — Russian Federation............ (5)—— — — — (5)—— — — — (5)—— — — — (5)Slovenia ............................. (5) — — 24.2 20.4 21.2 (5) — — 6.4 5.6 7.1 (5) — — 4.2 4.4 4.3 (5) 
618 CHAPTER 6: International Comparisons of Education

Finances

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Finances

—Not available. 

1Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each

country reporting data contributes equally.

2Includes postsecondary non-higher-education.

3Includes elementary education.

4Includes preprimary education.

5Public institutions only.

6Excludes occupation-specific education corresponding to that offered at the associate’s

degree level in the United States.

7Postsecondary non-higher-education included in both secondary and higher education.

8Occupation-specific education corresponding to that offered at the associate’s degree

level in the United States is included in primary and secondary education.

NOTE: Data adjusted to U.S. dollars using the purchasing-power-parity (PPP) index. Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Education

at a Glance, 2002 through 2010. (This table was prepared June 2010.)

Table 425. Public and private education expenditures per student, by level of education and country: Selected years, 2000 through 2007

Country

Elementary education Secondary education Higher education

2000 2005 2006 2007 2000 2005 2006 2007 2000 2005 2006 2007

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Current dollars

OECD average1 ................... $4,302 $6,109 $6,282 $6,735 $5,788 $7,611 $7,813 $8,271 $9,439 $11,760 $12,416 $12,622

Australia....................................... 4,967 5,992 6,311 6,498 6,894 8,408 8,700 8,840 12,854 14,579 15,016 14,726

Austria ......................................... 6,560 8,259 8,516 8,664 8,578 9,751 10,577 2 10,641 10,851 14,775 15,148 15,039

Belgium........................................ 4,310 6,648 7,072 7,363 6,889 2 7,731 2 8,601 2 8,992 2 10,771 11,960 13,244 13,482

Canada ........................................ — — — — 5,947 3 7,774 3,4 8,045 3,4 — 14,983 2 23,329 5,6 20,278 2,5 —

Chile ............................................ 1,940 2,120 1,936 2,088 2,016 2,077 1,924 2,090 7,483 6,873 6,620 6,292

Czech Republic............................ 1,827 2,812 3,217 3,359 3,239 4,847 5,307 5,527 5,431 6,649 7,989 8,209

Denmark...................................... 7,074 8,513 8,798 9,176 7,726 7 9,407 7 9,662 7 9,675 7 11,981 7 14,959 7 15,391 7 16,466 7

Finland......................................... 4,317 5,557 5,899 6,234 6,094 2 7,324 2 7,533 2 7,829 2 8,244 12,285 12,845 13,566

France.......................................... 4,486 5,365 5,482 6,044 7,636 8,927 9,303 9,532 8,373 10,995 11,568 12,773

Germany...................................... 4,198 5,014 5,362 5,548 6,826 7,636 7,548 7,841 10,898 12,446 13,016 13,823

Greece......................................... 3,318 4,5 5,146 4 — — 3,859 5 8,423 — — 3,402 5 6,130 — —

Hungary5...................................... 2,245 4,438 4,599 4,656 2,446 3,806 3,978 4,225 7,024 6,244 6,367 6,721

Iceland......................................... 5,854 5 9,254 9,299 9,629 6,518 5 8,411 7 8,493 2 8,349 2 7,994 5 9,474 7 8,579 9,309

Ireland.......................................... 3,385 5,732 6,337 6,901 4,638 7,500 8,991 9,375 11,083 10,468 11,832 12,631

Italy .............................................. 5,973 5 6,835 5 7,716 5 7,383 5 7,218 5 7,648 5 8,495 5 8,004 5 8,065 5 8,026 5 8,725 8,673

Japan........................................... 5,507 6,744 6,989 7,247 6,266 7 7,908 7 8,305 7 8,760 7 10,914 7 12,326 7 13,418 7 14,201 7

Korea, Republic of ....................... 3,155 4,691 4,935 5,437 4,069 6,645 7,261 7,860 6,118 7,606 8,564 8,920

Luxembourg5 ............................... — 14,079 4 13,676 4 13,985 4 — 18,845 18,144 17,928 — — — —

Mexico ......................................... 1,291 1,913 2,003 2,111 1,615 2,180 2,165 2,236 4,688 6,402 6,462 6,971

Netherlands ................................. 4,325 6,266 6,425 6,552 5,912 7,741 9,516 10,248 11,934 13,883 15,196 15,969

New Zealand................................ — 4,780 4,952 4,675 — 6,278 6,043 5,933 — 10,262 9,288 9,905

Norway......................................... 6,550 5 9,001 9,486 9,922 8,476 2,5 10,995 2 11,435 2 11,997 2 13,353 5 15,552 16,235 17,140

Poland5 ........................................ 2,105 3,312 3,770 4,063 — 3,055 3,411 3,590 3,222 5,593 5,224 5,576

Portugal ....................................... 3,672 4,871 5 5,138 5 5,011 5,349 6,473 5 6,846 5 6,833 5 4,766 8,787 5 9,724 5 10,398 5

Slovak Republic ........................... 1,308 2,806 3,221 3,499 1,927 2,8 2,716 2,8 2,963 2,8 3,219 2,8 4,949 6 5,783 6 6,056 6 5,736 6

Spain ........................................... 3,941 5,502 5,970 6,533 5,185 2 7,211 7,955 8,730 6,666 10,089 11,087 12,548

Sweden........................................ 6,336 7,533 7,699 8,338 6,339 8,198 8,496 9,143 15,097 15,946 16,991 18,361

Switzerland5................................. 6,631 8,469 8,793 9,211 9,780 12,861 13,268 13,982 18,450 21,734 22,230 20,883

Turkey5 ......................................... — — 1,130 — — — 1,834 — 4,121 — — —

United Kingdom ........................... 3,877 6,361 7,732 8,222 5,991 2 7,167 2 8,763 2 8,892 2 9,657 13,506 15,447 15,463

United States ............................... 6,995 9,156 9,709 10,229 8,855 10,390 10,821 11,301 20,358 2 24,370 25,109 27,010

Constant 2009 dollars

OECD average1 ................... $5,408 $6,772 $6,745 $7,031 $7,276 $8,436 $8,389 $8,634 $11,865 $13,035 $13,332 $13,177

Australia....................................... 6,244 6,642 6,776 6,784 8,666 9,320 9,342 9,229 16,158 16,160 16,124 15,375

Austria ......................................... 8,246 9,154 9,145 9,045 10,783 10,809 11,358 2 11,110 13,640 16,377 16,265 15,701

Belgium........................................ 5,418 7,369 7,594 7,687 8,660 2 8,569 2 9,235 2 9,387 2 13,540 13,257 14,221 14,076

Canada ........................................ — — — — 7,476 3 8,617 3,4 8,639 3,4 — 18,835 2 25,859 5,6 21,774 2,5 —

Chile ............................................ 2,439 2,350 2,079 2,180 2,534 2,303 2,066 2,182 9,407 7,618 7,109 6,569

Czech Republic............................ 2,297 3,116 3,455 3,506 4,072 5,373 5,698 5,770 6,827 7,369 8,578 8,571

Denmark...................................... 8,892 9,436 9,447 9,580 9,712 7 10,427 7 10,375 7 10,101 7 15,061 7 16,581 7 16,527 7 17,190 7

Finland......................................... 5,427 6,160 6,334 6,508 7,661 2 8,118 2 8,089 2 8,173 2 10,363 13,617 13,793 14,163

France.......................................... 5,639 5,946 5,887 6,310 9,599 9,894 9,990 9,951 10,525 12,188 12,422 13,335

Germany...................................... 5,277 5,558 5,758 5,792 8,581 8,464 8,105 8,187 13,699 13,795 13,976 14,431

Greece......................................... 4,171 4,5 5,704 4 — — 4,851 5 9,336 — — 4,277 5 6,795 — —

Hungary5...................................... 2,822 4,919 4,939 4,861 3,075 4,219 4,271 4,411 8,830 6,921 6,837 7,017

Iceland......................................... 7,359 5 10,257 9,985 10,053 8,194 5 9,323 7 9,119 2 8,717 2 10,049 5 10,502 7 9,212 9,719

Ireland.......................................... 4,255 6,354 6,805 7,204 5,830 8,313 9,654 9,788 13,932 11,603 12,705 13,187

Italy .............................................. 7,508 5 7,576 5 8,285 5 7,708 5 9,073 5 8,477 5 9,122 5 8,356 5 10,138 5 8,896 5 9,369 9,055

Japan........................................... 6,923 7,475 7,505 7,566 7,877 7 8,765 7 8,918 7 9,145 7 13,720 7 13,663 7 14,408 7 14,826 7

Korea, Republic of ....................... 3,966 5,199 5,299 5,676 5,115 7,366 7,797 8,206 7,691 8,431 9,196 9,313

Luxembourg5 ............................... — 15,606 4 14,685 4 14,601 4 — 20,888 19,482 18,717 — — — —

Mexico ......................................... 1,623 2,120 2,151 2,203 2,030 2,416 2,324 2,334 5,893 7,096 6,939 7,278

Netherlands ................................. 5,437 6,946 6,899 6,840 7,432 8,580 10,218 10,699 15,002 15,388 16,317 16,671

New Zealand................................ — 5,299 5,318 4,881 — 6,959 6,489 6,194 — 11,374 9,973 10,341

Norway......................................... 8,234 5 9,977 10,185 10,359 10,655 2,5 12,187 2 12,279 2 12,525 2 16,786 5 17,239 17,433 17,894

Poland5 ........................................ 2,646 3,671 4,048 4,242 — 3,386 3,663 3,748 4,050 6,199 5,609 5,821

Portugal ....................................... 4,616 5,399 5 5,517 5 5,232 6,724 7,175 5 7,351 5 7,134 5 5,991 9,740 5 10,441 5 10,856 5

Slovak Republic ........................... 1,644 3,110 3,459 3,653 2,422 2,8 3,010 2,8 3,181 2,8 3,361 2,8 6,221 6 6,410 6 6,503 6 5,988 6

Spain ........................................... 4,954 6,099 6,411 6,821 6,518 2 7,993 8,542 9,114 8,380 11,183 11,905 13,100

Sweden........................................ 7,965 8,350 8,267 8,705 7,969 9,087 9,123 9,546 18,978 17,675 18,245 19,169

Switzerland5................................. 8,336 9,387 9,442 9,617 12,294 14,255 14,247 14,597 23,193 24,091 23,870 21,802

Turkey5 ......................................... — — 1,213 — — — 1,969 — 5,180 — — —

United Kingdom ........................... 4,874 7,051 8,303 8,584 7,531 2 7,944 2 9,410 2 9,283 2 12,139 14,971 16,587 16,144

United States ............................... 8,793 10,149 10,425 10,680 11,131 11,516 11,620 11,799 25,591 2 27,012 26,961 28,198
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.1Includes public subsidies to households attributable for educational institutions and direct expenditure on educational institutions from international sources, except where noted.2Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributesequally.3Public subsidies to households not included in public expenditure.4Direct expenditure on education institutions from international sources exceeds 1.5 percent of all public expenditure. 5Postsecondary non-higher-education included in higher education.6Preprimary education (for children ages 3 and older) is included in primary and secondary education.7Postsecondary non-higher-education included in both secondary and higher education.

8Occupation-specific education corresponding to that offered at the associatein primary and secondary education.NOTE: Public direct expenditure on education includes both amounts spent dsonnel and to procure other resources, and amounts provided by governmentPrivate direct expenditure includes the net of public subsidies to households fhigher-education is included in primary and secondary education unless otherditures that could not be reported by level of education. Some data have been SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECDAccounts, Vol. 1, 1997; and Education at a Glance, 2007 through 2010. (This 

Table 426. Public and private direct expenditures on education as a percentage of the gross domestic product, by level of education and country: Selected yearsCountry

All institutions Primary and secondary institutions High

Public direct expenditures

Direct expenditures, 

2007 Public direct expenditures Direct expenditures, 2007 Public direct expe

1995 20001 20041 20051 20061 Public1 Private Total 1995 20001 20041 20051 20061 Public1 Private Total 1995 20001 20041 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 

OECD average2 ................... 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 0.9 5.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 0.3 3.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 

Australia....................................... 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.7 1.3 5.0 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.9 0.4 3.4 1.2 0.8 0.8 Austria ......................................... 5.3 5.4 3 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.1 0.2 5.4 3.8 3.7 3 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 0.1 3.6 0.9 1.2 3 1.1 

Belgium (Flemish)........................ 5.0 5.1 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 0.2 6.1 3.4 3.4 4 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.1 4.1 0.9 1.2 4 1.2 Canada ........................................ 5.8 5.2 4.7 4.8 4.8 — — — 4.0 3.3 5 3.2 5,6 3.3 5,6 3.2 5,6 — — — 1.5 1.6 5 1.4 5 

Chile ............................................ — 4.2 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.5 5.7 — 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.5 0.9 3.4 — 0.6 0.3 Czech Republic............................ 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 0.5 4.6 3.4 2.8 4 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.5 0.3 2.8 0.7 0.8 4 0.9 

Denmark...................................... 6.5 6.4 3 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 0.5 7.1 4.2 4.1 3,7 4.2 7 4.4 7 4.3 7 4.2 7 0.1 7 4.3 7 1.3 1.5 3,7 1.8 7 

Finland......................................... 6.6 5.5 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.5 0.1 5.6 4.2 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 — 3.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 France.......................................... 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 0.4 6.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.2 3.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 Germany...................................... 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 0.7 4.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 0.4 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Greece......................................... 3.7 3.7 3 3.3 4.0 — — — — 2.8 2.7 3,6 2.1 6 2.5 6 — — — — 0.8 0.9 3 1.1 

Hungary....................................... 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 — — 3.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 — — 0.8 0.9 0.9 

Iceland......................................... 4.5 5.7 3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0 0.8 7.8 3.4 4.6 3 5.2 7 5.2 7 5.1 4.9 0.2 5.1 0.7 0.8 3 1.1 7 

Ireland.......................................... 4.7 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 0.2 4.7 3.3 2.9 4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 0.1 3.5 0.9 1.2 4 1.0 

Italy .............................................. 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.1 0.4 4.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.0 0.1 3.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 Japan........................................... 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 1.6 4.9 2.8 2.7 7 2.7 7 2.6 7 2.6 7 2.5 7 0.3 7 2.8 7 0.4 0.5 7 0.5 7 

Korea, Republic of ....................... 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.2 2.8 7.0 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.1 0.8 4.0 0.3 0.6 0.5 Luxembourg................................. 4.3 — — — — — — — 4.2 — 3.8 6 3.7 6 3.3 6 3.1 6 — — 0.1 — — 

Mexico ......................................... 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.3 4.6 4.7 1.1 5.7 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.1 0.6 3.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Netherlands ................................. 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 0.8 5.6 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 0.4 3.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 New Zealand................................ 5.3 5.8 5.6 5.2 5.0 4.8 1.2 5.9 3.8 4.6 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.5 0.6 4.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 Norway......................................... 6.8 5.8 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.4 — — 4.1 3.6 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.7 — — 1.5 1.2 1.4 Poland.......................................... 5.2 5.2 3 5.4 5.4 5.2 4.8 0.5 5.3 3.3 3.7 3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.4 — 3.4 0.8 0.8 3 1.1 

Portugal ....................................... 5.4 5.6 3 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 0.5 5.6 4.1 4.1 3 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 — 3.5 1.0 1.0 3 0.9 Slovak Republic ........................... 4.6 4.0 3 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.4 0.5 4.0 — 2.7 3,4,8 2.6 8 2.5 8 2.4 8 2.3 8 0.3 8 2.5 8 — 0.7 3,4,8 0.9 8 

Spain ........................................... 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 0.6 4.8 3.5 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.2 2.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 Sweden........................................ 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.1 0.2 6.3 4.4 4.4 4 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 — 4.1 1.6 1.5 4 1.6 

Switzerland .................................. 5.5 5.3 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.1 — — 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.5 0.5 4.0 1.1 1.2 1.6 Turkey .......................................... 2.2 3.4 3 3.8 — 2.7 — — — 1.4 2.4 3 2.9 — 1.9 — — — 0.8 1.0 3 0.9 United Kingdom ........................... 4.6 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 0.6 5.8 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 0.1 4.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 United States ............................... 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 2.6 7.6 3.5 3.5 5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 0.3 4.0 1.1 0.9 5 1.0 Reporting partner countries

Brazil........................................ — — 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.2 — — — — 2.9 8 3.3 3.8 4.0 — — — — 0.7 8 

Estonia..................................... — — 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 0.3 5.0 — — 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 — 3.3 — — 0.9 Israel ........................................ — 6.6 6.6 6.2 6.2 5.9 1.6 7.4 — 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.9 0.3 4.1 — 1.1 1.1 Russian Federation.................. 3.4 3.0 3 3.6 3.8 3.9 6.1 1.3 7.4 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.0 3.4 0.1 3.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 

Slovenia ................................... — — 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.8 0.7 5.6 — — 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.3 0.4 3.6 — — 1.1 

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 621

CHAPTER 7

Libraries and Adult Education

This chapter contains statistics on libraries and adult education. These data provide a capsule description of the magnitude and availability of library resources as well as the

extent of adults’ involvement in educational activities other

than postsecondary degree programs.

The first section of the chapter (tables 427 to 432) deals

with elementary and secondary school libraries, college

and university libraries, and public libraries. It contains

data on collections, population served, staff, and expenditures. Table 431 provides institutional-level information for

the 60 largest college libraries in the country.

The second section of the chapter (tables 433 to 435) provides information about adults’ participation in various

types of educational activities, including basic skills and

General Educational Development (GED) classes, English

as a Second Language (ESL) classes, career-related classes,

and personal-interest classes. Information on participation is

shown for adults having various demographic characteristics

and for adults living in different states.

Libraries

The average number of library staff per public school with

a library was 1.7 in 2007–08, including 0.8 certified library/

media specialists (table 427). On average, public school

libraries had larger numbers of books on a per student basis

in 2007–08 (2,015 per 100 students) than in 1999–2000

(1,803 per 100 students) and 2003–04 (1,891 per 100 students). In 2007–08, public elementary school libraries had

larger holdings than public secondary school libraries on a

per student basis (2,316 books per 100 students, compared to

1,432 books per 100 students).

From 1991–92 to 1999–2000, the increase in college

library operating expenditures was greater than the increase

in enrollment; after adjustment for inflation, library operating expenditures per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student rose

6 percent during this period (table 430). From 1999–2000 to

2007–08, library operating expenditures per FTE student

dropped 14 percent. Overall, there was a net decrease of 9

percent in library operating expenditures per FTE student

between 1991–92 and 2007–08. In 2007–08, the average

library operating expenditure per FTE student was $492.

In 2008, there were 9,221 public libraries in the United

States with a total of 816 million books and serial volumes.

The annual number of visits per capita was 5.1, and the

annual number of reference transactions per capita was 1.0

(table 432).

Adult Education

The percentage of adults who reported participating in

any adult education courses was higher in 2005 (44 percent)

than in 1995 (40 percent) (table 435). Adults are defined

here as people age 17 and over who are not enrolled in high

school, and the same individual could report participating in

multiple types of courses. In 2005, the highest percentage of

adults participated in career- or job-related courses (27 percent), followed by personal-interest courses (21 percent).

About 1 percent of adults participated in each of the following three types of adult education activities: basic skills/

GED classes, ESL classes, and apprentice programs. 

Among people age 17 and over who were employed,

39 percent participated in career- or job-related courses in

2005 (table 434). Participation rates varied for employees with

different characteristics. For example, employed women’s

participation in career- or job-related courses was higher than

that of employed men in 2005 (47 percent vs. 32 percent). For

employees with some vocational or technical education and

those with an associate’s or higher degree, rates of participation in career- or job-related courses were generally higher

than for employees with less than high school completion or

high school completion. For example, 53 percent of employees whose highest level of education was a bachelor’s degree

took such courses in 2005, compared with 25 percent of

employees whose highest level was high school completion.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Libraries—Not available.†Not applicable.1Centralized video distribution equipment with a scheduling and control server that telecasts video to classrooms.2Average holdings, acquisitions, and expenditures are from the prior school year, while enrollment counts are from the currentschool year.3Includes other expenditures not separately shown.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public School Library Media Center Questionnaire,” 1999–2000, 2003–04, naire,” 1999–2000. (This table was prepared November 2009.)

Table 427. Selected statistics on public school libraries/media centers, by level of school: 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08Selected statistic 1999–2000

2003–04 

Total Elementary Secondary

Combined

elementary/

secondary Total Eleme

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Number of schools with libraries/media centers ........................................ 77,300 (421) 78,300 (548) 57,400 (440) 16,300 (313) 4,600 (201) 81,900 (634) 59,700 

Average number of staff per library/media center...................................... 1.89 (0.018) 1.76 (0.014) 1.66 (0.018) 2.09 (0.025) 1.74 (0.116) 1.72 (0.017) 1.65 (0

Certified library/media specialists .......................................................... 0.81 (0.007) 0.79 (0.009) 0.73 (0.012) 1.03 (0.018) 0.73 (0.023) 0.78 (0.011) 0.73 (0

Full-time ............................................................................................. 0.65 (0.007) 0.65 (0.009) 0.58 (0.010) 0.92 (0.018) 0.55 (0.027) 0.66 (0.010) 0.61 (0

Part-time ............................................................................................ 0.16 (0.006) 0.14 (0.007) 0.15 (0.009) 0.11 (0.009) 0.18 (0.020) 0.13 (0.007) 0.13 (0

Other professional staff.......................................................................... 0.17 (0.007) 0.19 (0.008) 0.19 (0.011) 0.14 (0.010) 0.28 (0.036) 0.22 (0.010) 0.22 (0

Full-time ............................................................................................. 0.12 (0.005) 0.13 (0.007) 0.14 (0.009) 0.11 (0.009) 0.16 (0.022) 0.13 (0.008) 0.13 (0

Part-time ............................................................................................ 0.06 (0.004) 0.05 (0.005) 0.05 (0.006) 0.03 (0.004) 0.11 (0.031) 0.08 (0.007) 0.08 (0

Other paid employees............................................................................ 0.91 (0.014) 0.78 (0.011) 0.75 (0.013) 0.93 (0.017) 0.73 (0.085) 0.72 (0.013) 0.70 (0

Full-time ............................................................................................. 0.49 (0.008) 0.46 (0.009) 0.41 (0.011) 0.65 (0.017) 0.35 (0.028) 0.43 (0.013) 0.39 (0

Part-time ............................................................................................ 0.41 (0.014) 0.33 (0.012) 0.34 (0.014) 0.28 (0.014) 0.38 (0.085) 0.29 (0.011) 0.31 (0

Percent of libraries/media centers with certain media equipment

 Automated catalog............................................................................... 72.8 (0.69) 82.7 (0.66) 81.9 (0.89) 90.6 (0.76) 63.7 (2.59) 87.2 (0.71) 87.5 (

 Automated circulation system .............................................................. 74.4 (0.65) 86.9 (0.61) 86.7 (0.82) 92.8 (0.80) 68.8 (2.45) 89.5 (0.68) 89.9 ( Media retrieval system1........................................................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 34.9 (1.05) 35.9 (

 Connection to Internet ......................................................................... 90.1 (0.57) 95.1 (0.35) 94.1 (0.48) 99.2 (0.22) 92.6 (1.40) 96.7 (0.40) 96.5 (

 Digital video disc (DVD) player/video cassette recorder (VCR) ........... — (†) 87.8 (0.60) 87.0 (0.70) 90.4 (1.19) 89.1 (1.53) 87.2 (0.77) 86.7 ( Disability assistance technologies, such as TDD................................. — (†) 11.9 (0.50) 10.2 (0.61) 18.0 (0.79) 11.7 (1.34) 23.9 (1.05) 23.0 (

Percent of libraries/media centers with certain services

Students permitted to check out laptops................................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 27.5 (1.02) 26.9 (

Staff permitted to check out laptops ...................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 45.9 (1.07) 45.2 (

Number of library computer workstations per 100 students ...................... — (†) 2.3 (0.04) 2.2 (0.05) 2.5 (0.05) 2.7 (0.17) 2.6 (0.05) 2.5 (Average holdings per 100 students at the end of the school year2

Books (number of volumes) ................................................................... 1,803 (19.7) 1,891 (45.1) 2,127 (70.2) 1,376 (20.0) 2,407 (117.7) 2,015 (30.5) 2,316 (Audio and video materials...................................................................... 59 (0.9) 80 (3.7) 86 (5.7) 65 (2.2) 97 (13.6) 90 (3.8) 93 

Average additions per 100 students during the school year2

Books (number of volumes) ................................................................... — (†) 99.3 (2.08) 118.4 (3.13) 61.2 (1.75) 109.2 (8.40) 95.3 (2.21) 113.3 (Audio and video materials...................................................................... — (†) 5.1 (0.19) 5.3 (0.28) 4.4 (0.20) 6.9 (0.83) 5.4 (0.49) 5.9 (

Total expenditures for library/media materials per pupil2,3 ......................... $23.37 (0.438) $16.24 (0.322) $16.00 (0.469) $16.11 (0.320) $21.24 (2.498) $16.11 (0.461) $16.18 (0

Books..................................................................................................... 9.97 (0.153) 10.99 (0.299) 11.72 (0.452) 9.68 (0.275) 10.19 (0.631) 11.40 (0.291) 11.99 (0

Audio and video materials...................................................................... 1.66 (0.032) 1.14 (0.045) 1.11 (0.053) 1.11 (0.062) 1.96 (0.619) 1.08 (0.055) 1.06 (0

Current serial subscriptions ................................................................... 1.26 (0.016) 1.38 (0.025) 1.06 (0.031) 1.87 (0.049) 2.50 (0.148) — (†) — Electronic subscriptions ......................................................................... 0.81 (0.018) 0.88 (0.033) 0.39 (0.042) 1.79 (0.061) 1.25 (0.249) — (†) — 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010†Not applicable.

1Centralized video distribution equipment with a scheduling and control server that telecasts video to classrooms.2Average holdings, acquisitions, and expenditures are from the prior school year, while enrollment counts are from the currentschool year.3Includes other expenditures not separately shown.

NOTE: Total includes combined elementary/secondary schools not separatelof rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public School Library Media Center Questionnaire,” 2007–08. (This table wa

Table 428. Selected statistics on public school libraries/media centers, by level and enrollment size of school: 2007–08Selected statistic

All public school

libraries/media

centers

Elementary school libraries/media centers Secondary school 

Total Less than 150 150 to 499 500 to 749 750 or more Total Less than 500 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Number of schools with libraries/media centers ........................ 81,900 (634) 59,700 (492) 3,300 (399) 31,100 (1054) 16,400 (812) 8,900 (534) 17,800 (414) 6,300 (353) 3,00

Average number of staff per library/media center...................... 1.72 (0.017) 1.65 (0.019) 1.28 (0.099) 1.58 (0.027) 1.73 (0.045) 1.89 (0.053) 2.04 (0.039) 1.59 (0.071) 1.7

Certified library/media specialists .......................................... 0.78 (0.011) 0.73 (0.013) 0.60 (0.069) 0.70 (0.019) 0.76 (0.024) 0.86 (0.030) 0.98 (0.019) 0.73 (0.035) 0.8

Full-time ............................................................................. 0.66 (0.010) 0.61 (0.012) 0.25 (0.072) 0.53 (0.018) 0.71 (0.022) 0.81 (0.029) 0.88 (0.018) 0.57 (0.033) 0.8Part-time ............................................................................ 0.13 (0.007) 0.13 (0.010) 0.36 (0.070) 0.17 (0.014) 0.06 (0.016) 0.05 (0.013) 0.10 (0.009) 0.16 (0.019) 0.0

Other professional staff.......................................................... 0.22 (0.010) 0.22 (0.013) 0.20 (0.059) 0.23 (0.016) 0.20 (0.028) 0.21 (0.030) 0.21 (0.021) 0.27 (0.044) 0.2

Full-time ............................................................................. 0.13 (0.008) 0.13 (0.010) 0.10 (0.051) 0.13 (0.014) 0.14 (0.021) 0.13 (0.021) 0.14 (0.017) 0.17 (0.039) 0.Part-time ............................................................................ 0.08 (0.007) 0.08 (0.009) 0.10 (0.034) 0.09 (0.012) 0.06 (0.016) 0.09 (0.023) 0.07 (0.013) 0.10 (0.027) 0.0

Other paid employees............................................................ 0.72 (0.013) 0.70 (0.016) 0.48 (0.068) 0.65 (0.023) 0.78 (0.039) 0.82 (0.044) 0.86 (0.027) 0.59 (0.041) 0.7

Full-time ............................................................................. 0.43 (0.013) 0.39 (0.016) 0.13 (0.046) 0.33 (0.019) 0.46 (0.035) 0.59 (0.044) 0.60 (0.022) 0.34 (0.031) 0.5Part-time ............................................................................ 0.29 (0.011) 0.31 (0.014) 0.34 (0.064) 0.32 (0.023) 0.31 (0.032) 0.23 (0.036) 0.26 (0.018) 0.25 (0.032) 0.2

Percent of libraries/media centers with certain media equipment

Automated catalog................................................................. 87.2 (0.71) 87.5 (0.94) 57.1 (6.87) 86.6 (1.56) 91.6 (1.55) 94.4 (1.62) 90.6 (1.08) 79.6 (2.59) 94

Automated circulation system ................................................ 89.5 (0.68) 89.9 (0.87) 57.1 (6.78) 89.4 (1.35) 94.8 (1.19) 95.0 (1.84) 92.6 (0.98) 83.0 (2.49) 96Media retrieval system1.......................................................... 34.9 (1.05) 35.9 (1.33) 10.6 (4.72) 29.3 (1.62) 43.9 (2.68) 53.7 (3.51) 35.1 (1.66) 32.8 (3.39) 34

Connection to Internet ........................................................... 96.7 (0.40) 96.5 (0.51) 81.0 (5.95) 96.9 (0.55) 98.0 (0.53) 98.5 (0.70) 98.6 (0.51) 96.0 (1.42) 99

Digital video disc (DVD) player/video cassette 

recorder(VCR) ................................................................. 87.2 (0.77) 86.7 (1.02) 80.0 (5.53) 86.3 (1.27) 87.4 (1.71) 89.1 (2.21) 89.6 (1.00) 87.3 (2.11) 89

Disability assistance technologies, such as TDD................... 23.9 (1.05) 23.0 (1.33) 14.7 (3.85) 20.2 (1.68) 24.6 (2.08) 33.1 (3.20) 26.4 (1.34) 18.4 (1.91) 26

Percent of libraries/media centers with certain services

Students permitted to check out laptops................................ 27.5 (1.02) 26.9 (1.27) 22.5 (6.15) 25.7 (1.72) 27.0 (2.23) 32.4 (3.13) 29.8 (1.34) 29.2 (2.84) 29

Staff permitted to check out laptops ...................................... 45.9 (1.07) 45.2 (1.35) 30.7 (6.44) 42.4 (1.97) 48.4 (2.83) 54.6 (4.01) 50.1 (1.50) 46.3 (3.06) 49

Number of library computer workstations per 100 students ........... 2.6 (0.05) 2.5 (0.07) 8.8 (1.24) 3.2 (0.13) 2.1 (0.10) 1.7 (0.11) 2.9 (0.06) 5.9 (0.28) 3Average holdings per 100 students at the end of the school year2

Books (number of volumes) ................................................... 2,015 (30.5) 2,316 (40.2) 6,384 (531.1) 2,993 (67.3) 2,117 (45.7) 1,559 (85.2) 1,432 (36.6) 3,203 (162.4) 1,85Audio and video materials...................................................... 90 (3.8) 93 (5.6) 157 (36.7) 105 (5.9) 89 (6.2) 82 (16.1) 81 (5.2) 132 (14.4) 13

Average additions per 100 students during the school year2

Books (number of volumes) ................................................... 95.3 (2.21) 113.3 (3.26) 247.0 (38.53) 134.9 (5.28) 106.4 (5.76) 89.6 (6.32) 62.1 (2.67) 124.8 (11.48) 81Audio and video materials...................................................... 5.4 (0.49) 5.9 (0.77) 7.6 (2.14) 5.7 (0.44) 4.9 (0.55) 7.1 (2.47) 4.5 (0.41) 6.4 (0.59) 6

Total expenditures for library/media materials per pupil2.3 ................ $16.11 (0.461) $16.18 (0.591) $43.28 (11.551) $18.49 (0.700) $14.63 (0.799) $14.11 (1.496) $15.90 (0.647) $27.86 (3.234) $18.5

Books..................................................................................... 11.40 (0.291) 11.99 (0.389) 21.99 (4.023) 13.80 (0.539) 11.25 (0.679) 10.23 (0.836) 10.26 (0.504) 17.30 (1.454) 13.4Audio and video materials...................................................... 1.08 (0.055) 1.06 (0.088) 1.90 (0.967) 1.24 (0.154) 0.88 (0.082) 1.01 (0.180) 1.11 (0.054) 1.57 (0.157) 1.2
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1Centralized video distribution equipment with a scheduling and control server that telecasts video to classrooms. 2Includes professional and nonprofessional staff. 3Average holdings, acquisitions, and expenditures are from the prior school year, while enrollment counts are from the currentschool year.

NOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education St“Public School Library Media Center Questionnaire,” 2007–08. (This table wa

Table 429. Selected statistics on public school libraries/media centers, by state: 2007–08State

Percent of libraries/media centers offering selected services/equipment

Average

number of staff

per library/

media center2

Books

(number of

volumes)

held at end

of year per

100 students3

(

acqui

yea

Automated

catalog

Automated

circulation system

Laptops for

student use

outside

of library/

media center

Laptops for

staff use

outside

of library/

media center

Media

retrieval system1

Connection to

the Internet DVD player/VCR

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 

United States ........................ 87.2 (0.71) 89.5 (0.68) 27.5 (1.02) 45.9 (1.07) 34.9 (1.05) 96.7 (0.40) 87.2 (0.77) 1.7 (0.02) 2,015 (30.5) 95 

Alabama ........................................ 91.5 (3.03) 95.0 (2.23) 30.2 (5.01) 55.3 (5.27) 29.4 (4.74) 99.3 (0.86) 96.4 (2.30) 1.8 (0.07) 1,888 (93.3) 105 

Alaska............................................ 72.4 (5.91) 67.8 (6.19) 32.0 (5.22) 37.8 (5.18) 18.9 (4.88) 83.9 (5.78) 68.7 (6.94) 1.1 (0.08) 3,427 (316.7) 114 

Arizona .......................................... 79.6 (4.05) 82.6 (3.83) 25.9 (6.26) 36.5 (7.11) 46.4 (4.46) 96.8 (2.72) 87.4 (4.50) 1.8 (0.15) 2,083 (162.3) 101 

Arkansas........................................ 89.0 (3.88) 94.9 (2.67) 18.2 (4.04) 40.8 (4.96) 36.8 (3.99) 98.6 (1.54) 90.2 (2.96) 1.6 (0.06) 2,353 (449.9) 106 

California ....................................... 85.2 (2.97) 92.2 (2.09) 11.1 (2.28) 29.5 (3.74) 17.9 (3.32) 95.6 (1.76) 65.1 (4.29) 1.4 (0.06) 1,740 (144.3) 79 

Colorado ........................................ 95.6 (3.03) 90.4 (3.64) 29.2 (5.71) 49.3 (6.34) 27.7 (5.15) 98.2 (2.35) 88.6 (4.65) 1.9 (0.19) 2,102 (107.1) 96 

Connecticut.................................... 83.8 (4.46) 83.9 (4.60) 21.4 (4.02) 33.7 (5.29) 27.9 (4.71) 97.4 (1.88) 89.0 (3.79) 1.9 (0.09) 2,252 (111.6) 100 

Delaware........................................ 93.8 (2.10) 95.0 (1.61) 26.1 (5.10) 44.8 (6.25) 20.5 (4.63) 97.2 (1.04) 87.3 (3.38) 1.4 (0.06) 1,849 (70.8) 74 

District of Columbia ....................... 57.4 (6.15) 68.8 (5.03) 13.5 (3.54) 26.6 (5.16) 21.2 (3.69) 89.2 (2.81) 73.2 (4.87) 1.0 (0.07) 2,048 (245.8) 228 Florida............................................ 94.5 (2.07) 94.3 (2.18) 19.2 (3.20) 64.1 (4.58) 67.5 (3.78) 99.4 (0.63) 90.7 (2.75) 1.9 (0.06) 1,576 (73.4) 77 Georgia.......................................... 98.5 (1.08) 98.5 (1.08) 36.6 (5.48) 66.1 (5.26) 81.4 (4.65) 99.6 (0.37) 97.8 (1.59) 2.1 (0.06) 1,745 (91.0) 90 

Hawaii............................................ 96.5 (1.70) 97.5 (1.83) 17.9 (4.91) 39.5 (6.01) 44.4 (7.30) 97.8 (1.51) 84.1 (3.63) 1.6 (0.09) 2,296 (116.8) 91 

Idaho.............................................. 82.7 (6.15) 87.6 (6.43) 20.0 (5.61) 26.8 (5.52) 28.4 (4.88) 91.8 (5.12) 83.0 (5.98) 1.6 (0.10) 2,141 (117.8) 79 Illinois............................................. 77.1 (4.90) 81.9 (4.94) 32.6 (4.77) 51.0 (5.18) 21.4 (4.58) 92.2 (3.87) 87.8 (3.35) 1.9 (0.11) 2,039 (109.1) 95 

Indiana........................................... 89.0 (5.40) 89.0 (4.77) 34.3 (5.42) 51.1 (5.48) 35.6 (6.33) 95.4 (3.32) 94.4 (3.78) 1.9 (0.20) 2,172 (116.8) 96 

Iowa ............................................... 83.2 (4.98) 90.5 (4.28) 39.7 (5.70) 45.5 (6.80) 18.3 (4.87) 98.2 (1.96) 92.6 (5.05) 1.9 (0.09) 2,524 (145.2) 104 Kansas........................................... 91.7 (4.37) 91.1 (3.91) 54.4 (7.94) 58.9 (8.22) 23.4 (7.24) 94.6 (3.52) 94.0 (3.52) 1.9 (0.08) 3,224 (341.8) 124 

Kentucky ........................................ 90.9 (4.25) 92.4 (4.35) 27.1 (6.60) 49.8 (7.47) 71.1 (7.52) 95.6 (2.87) 94.0 (2.67) 1.7 (0.13) 2,000 (118.4) 114 

Louisiana ....................................... 84.5 (6.24) 87.2 (5.66) 21.6 (5.22) 42.9 (5.93) 26.0 (4.74) 97.0 (2.56) 89.4 (4.92) 1.2 (0.09) 2,010 (147.8) 101 

Maine............................................. 73.8 (7.69) 71.5 (7.04) 43.2 (6.23) 45.5 (7.18) 9.5 (4.33) 88.4 (5.64) 73.4 (7.00) 1.7 (0.13) 3,650 (343.9) 168 

Maryland........................................ 91.4 (4.01) 99.5 (0.42) 32.2 (8.51) 53.6 (8.02) 54.0 (5.29) 97.4 (2.40) 90.6 (4.39) 1.5 (0.19) 1,635 (84.4) 88 

Massachusetts............................... 75.0 (5.55) 74.7 (5.54) 32.6 (5.04) 33.7 (4.82) 18.2 (4.01) 98.2 (1.18) 80.3 (4.67) 1.3 (0.08) 1,868 (123.1) 75 

Michigan ........................................ 83.4 (4.39) 90.6 (3.91) 33.6 (6.07) 49.3 (6.01) 48.8 (5.94) 99.8 (0.22) 92.8 (2.70) 1.5 (0.09) 2,136 (135.7) 62 

Minnesota ...................................... 92.2 (2.68) 93.6 (2.39) 32.7 (4.35) 60.1 (4.46) 39.3 (3.88) 96.4 (1.90) 97.5 (0.89) 2.0 (0.08) 2,475 (136.2) 108 

Mississippi ..................................... 75.8 (4.10) 85.6 (3.44) 20.0 (3.76) 45.6 (4.79) 31.6 (5.01) 95.5 (2.25) 88.6 (3.39) 1.5 (0.08) 1,778 (158.4) 143 

Missouri ......................................... 93.9 (2.84) 92.8 (2.99) 18.3 (5.71) 35.6 (6.32) 20.6 (4.04) 98.4 (1.09) 96.0 (2.61) 1.7 (0.10) 2,439 (89.7) 141 

Montana......................................... 71.0 (3.93) 74.3 (3.31) 27.4 (3.76) 43.5 (4.84) 12.5 (3.15) 87.5 (3.51) 85.4 (2.88) 1.6 (0.07) 3,282 (154.3) 153 

Nebraska ....................................... 83.1 (5.27) 82.0 (6.04) 42.7 (5.60) 50.9 (5.57) 29.8 (5.94) 93.2 (3.63) 96.8 (2.50) 1.9 (0.10) 3,063 (208.8) 103 

Nevada .......................................... 84.8 (5.44) 93.1 (3.81) 21.1 (4.59) 32.8 (4.81) 60.5 (5.58) 97.9 (2.90) 83.5 (4.20) 1.6 (0.07) 1,695 (70.4) 107 

New Hampshire ............................. 84.6 (3.76) 83.7 (3.86) 45.5 (4.96) 44.9 (4.72) 8.0 (2.06) 97.4 (2.07) 91.8 (3.30) 1.8 (0.07) 2,314 (101.1) 111 New Jersey .................................... 78.2 (7.17) 84.2 (5.37) 29.2 (9.32) 42.2 (11.24) 26.8 (6.91) 93.9 (4.35) 82.7 (6.87) 1.6 (0.11) 2,002 (129.6) 70 

New Mexico ................................... 77.8 (8.20) 83.2 (8.38) 18.6 (7.36) 38.8 (9.01) 18.1 (4.91) 93.1 (7.64) 90.7 (7.64) 1.4 (0.14) 2,238 (117.6) 173 New York........................................ 79.9 (6.10) 77.5 (6.36) 27.3 (7.74) 41.1 (7.07) 17.4 (5.51) 96.9 (4.34) 82.6 (5.87) 1.9 (0.09) 1,912 (171.0) 97 

North Carolina ............................... 97.4 (1.59) 97.5 (1.65) 25.8 (6.12) 71.9 (6.73) 60.8 (5.62) 97.4 (1.63) 99.1 (0.56) 1.9 (0.08) 1,874 (104.2) 98 North Dakota ................................. 72.3 (4.82) 66.6 (5.05) 40.5 (4.54) 47.7 (4.79) 13.0 (2.48) 97.9 (1.25) 77.6 (4.19) 1.6 (0.10) 3,876 (397.6) 166 Ohio ............................................... 90.0 (3.87) 91.1 (3.98) 22.9 (5.27) 37.1 (6.20) 36.4 (6.17) 98.1 (1.89) 83.4 (5.00) 1.5 (0.11) 1,864 (165.7) 76 Oklahoma ...................................... 80.7 (3.68) 86.3 (2.52) 25.7 (3.19) 42.8 (4.07) 19.0 (3.02) 96.2 (2.88) 95.1 (1.73) 1.9 (0.06) 2,152 (98.0) 105 

Oregon........................................... 77.8 (6.25) 82.2 (6.12) 35.2 (5.53) 47.0 (6.38) 27.3 (5.19) 98.5 (1.47) 89.7 (5.89) 1.8 (0.18) 3,041 (340.0) 103 

Pennsylvania.................................. 91.4 (4.74) 91.4 (4.74) 28.8 (5.44) 37.3 (6.87) 30.1 (6.19) 98.6 (1.37) 77.2 (4.60) 1.8 (0.11) 2,054 (132.0) 90 

Rhode Island ................................. 86.4 (5.24) 90.0 (4.37) 17.4 (5.86) 31.3 (6.21) 12.6 (4.16) 96.2 (2.74) 85.8 (5.21) 1.7 (0.08) 1,705 (85.1) 80 

South Carolina............................... 97.6 (1.16) 98.3 (1.17) 37.1 (3.96) 72.9 (3.44) 81.1 (2.96) 99.2 (0.80) 92.7 (2.20) 2.0 (0.03) 1,859 (70.4) 99 South Dakota................................. 68.9 (5.38) 72.1 (5.31) 31.6 (4.34) 34.4 (4.40) 13.6 (2.86) 88.7 (3.26) 86.5 (3.67) 1.6 (0.10) 3,321 (221.1) 155 

Tennessee ..................................... 90.3 (3.58) 94.3 (3.10) 24.6 (5.69) 41.1 (6.47) 32.5 (5.37) 98.0 (2.35) 88.2 (4.84) 1.6 (0.08) 1,788 (146.7) 75 

Texas ............................................. 95.9 (1.55) 96.1 (1.58) 30.6 (6.46) 48.8 (6.29) 43.4 (7.18) 98.8 (0.78) 91.5 (3.46) 1.8 (0.07) 1,910 (107.2) 99 

Utah ............................................... 92.6 (5.21) 92.3 (5.98) 10.6 (2.95) 31.6 (5.61) 41.7 (5.16) 93.5 (2.27) 93.2 (4.32) 1.6 (0.12) 1,554 (137.5) 93 Vermont ......................................... 80.0 (8.05) 77.2 (7.68) 46.6 (9.17) 52.0 (10.37) 10.5 (5.88) 97.9 (3.26) 92.1 (4.91) 1.7 (0.10) 3,828 (307.4) 171 

Virginia........................................... 94.9 (1.92) 96.6 (1.41) 47.1 (4.69) 68.8 (3.91) 56.4 (4.08) 98.4 (0.99) 98.2 (1.20) 2.0 (0.06) 1,840 (70.6) 104 Washington.................................... 86.0 (3.87) 91.5 (3.27) 21.0 (4.38) 41.5 (4.92) 36.7 (5.18) 93.8 (2.62) 86.2 (3.43) 1.8 (0.17) 2,282 (108.6) 98 

West Virginia.................................. 61.3 (5.64) 64.4 (5.86) 20.5 (3.13) 37.0 (4.37) 25.2 (4.49) 93.0 (2.97) 78.3 (4.83) 0.9 (0.04) 1,881 (207.0) 61 

Wisconsin ...................................... 94.5 (2.89) 94.1 (3.33) 24.7 (3.97) 46.9 (5.59) 30.2 (5.26) 94.5 (3.45) 97.5 (2.00) 2.1 (0.09) 2,894 (140.3) 180 

Wyoming........................................ 87.3 (3.87) 92.0 (3.46) 35.6 (3.87) 39.6 (4.19) 16.8 (3.12) 97.1 (1.98) 89.7 (2.75) 1.7 (0.09) 3,481 (170.5) 145 
CHAPTER 7: Libraries and Educational Technology 625

Libraries

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1Includes data for U.S. territories.

2Fall enrollment for the academic year specified.

3Includes data for schools newly added to the survey system, so end of year figure for 1997-

98 exceeds total of volumes added during the year plus end of year value from 1996-97.

4Includes microform and electronic serials.

5Includes microform serials.

6Electronic files, formerly labeled “Computer files.”

7Excludes student assistants.

8Excludes capital outlay.

9Includes salary equivalents of contributed services staff.

10Included under salaries and wages.

11Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

12Includes furniture/equipment, computer hardware/software, and utilities/networks/consortia

as well as expenditures classified as “other library operating expenditures.”

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for

degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is

very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges

and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A:

Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Library

Statistics of Colleges and Universities, selected years, 1976–77 through 1981–82; 1987–88

through 2005–06 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Academic Libraries

Survey” (IPEDS-L:88–98), “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:87–99), and Spring 2002

through Spring 2006; Academic Libraries Survey (ALS), 2000 through 2008; and Academic

Libraries: 2008 (NCES 2010-348). (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 430. Collections, staff, and operating expenditures of degree-granting institution libraries: Selected years, 1976–77 through 2007–08

Collections, staff, and operating expenditures 1976–771 1981–82 1987–88 1991–92 1994–95 1996–97 1997–98 1999–2000 2001–02 2003–04 2005–06 2007–08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Number of libraries ............................................... 3,058 3,104 3,438 3,274 3,303 3,408 3,658 3,527 3,568 3,653 3,617 3,827

Number of circulation transactions (in thousands) — — — — 231,503 230,733 216,067 193,948 189,248 200,204 187,236 178,766

Enrollment (in thousands)

Total enrollment2 ............................................ 11,121 12,372 12,767 14,359 14,279 14,300 14,502 14,791 15,928 16,911 17,487 18,248

Full-time-equivalent enrollment2 .................... 8,313 9,015 9,230 10,361 10,348 10,402 10,615 10,944 11,766 12,688 13,201 13,783

Collections (in thousands)

Number of volumes at end of year................. 481,442 567,826 718,504 749,429 776,447 806,717 878,906 3 913,547 954,030 982,590 1,015,658 1,052,531

Number of volumes added during year.......... 22,367 19,507 21,907 20,982 21,544 21,346 24,551 24,436 24,574 24,615 22,241 23,990

Number of serial subscriptions at end of year 4,670 4,890 6,416 6,966 6,212 5,709 10,908 4 7,499 5 9,855 4 12,764 4 16,361 4 25,342 4

Microform units at end of year ....................... — — — — — — 1,062,082 1,111,389 1,143,678 1,173,287 1,166,295 1,157,365

Electronic units at end of year6 ...................... — — — — 465 983 3,473 — — — — —

E-books at end of year .................................. — — — — — — — — 10,318 32,775 64,366 102,502

Full-time-equivalent (FTE) library staff

Total staff in regular positions7 ....................... 57,087 58,476 67,251 67,166 67,433 67,581 68,337 69,123 69,526 69,047 69,615 69,328

Librarians and professional staff ................ 23,308 23,816 25,115 26,341 26,726 27,268 30,041 31,001 32,053 32,280 33,265 34,520

Other paid staff .......................................... 33,779 34,660 40,733 40,421 40,381 40,022 38,026 37,893 37,473 36,767 36,350 34,808

Contributed services .................................. — — 1,403 404 326 291 270 229 — — — —

Student assistants ......................................... — — 33,821 29,075 28,411 27,998 28,373 26,518 25,305 25,038 23,976 24,110

FTE student enrollment per FTE staff member 146 154 137 154 153 154 155 158 169 184 190 199

Hours of student and other assistance 

(in thousands)............................................ 39,950 40,068 ————— — — — — —

Library operating expenditures8

Total operating expenditures (in thousands).... $1,259,637 $1,943,769 $2,770,075 $3,648,654 $4,013,333 $4,301,815 $4,592,657 $5,023,198 $5,416,716 $5,751,247 $6,234,192 $6,785,542

Salaries and wages.................................... 608,173 9 914,379 9 1,451,551 1,889,368 2,021,233 2,147,842 2,314,380 2,430,541 2,753,404 2,913,221 3,102,561 3,342,082

Student hourly wages ................................ 68,683 100,847 (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)

Fringe benefits ........................................... 89,917 167,515 ————— 271,954 — — — —

Preservation............................................... 22,521 30,351 34,144 43,126 46,554 45,610 42,919 43,832 46,499 42,976 41,102 41,591

Furniture/equipment................................... — — — — 55,915 56,128 57,013 63,459 — — — —

Computer hardware/software..................... — — — — 128,128 157,949 164,379 160,294 155,791 143,042 153,002 158,698

Bibliographic utilities/networks/consortia ... — — — — 81,106 85,113 89,618 90,264 92,242 101,293 106,268 113,427

Information resources ................................ 373,699 561,199 891,281 1,197,293 1,348,933 1,499,249 1,600,995 1,822,277 1,944,490 2,114,555 2,334,382 2,621,491

Books and serial backfiles—paper ......... — — ———— 514,048 552,100 563,007 550,599 572,228 611,192

Books and serial backfiles—electronic... — — — — — — 28,061 33,888 44,792 65,597 93,778 133,586

Current serials—paper ........................... — — ———— 849,399 945,958 926,105 883,534 830,137 699,906

Current serials—electronic..................... — — — — — — 125,470 203,371 297,657 480,138 691,585 1,004,393

Audiovisual materials ............................. — — — 23,879 28,753 28,879 30,623 32,039 37,041 35,216 39,029 43,849

Document delivery/interlibrary loan........ — — — — 12,238 17,645 19,309 20,540 22,913 24,823 26,513 30,496

Other collection expenditures................. 373,699 561,199 891,281 1,173,414 1,307,942 1,452,725 34,086 34,381 52,976 74,648 81,113 98,069

Other library operating expenditures.......... 96,643 169,478 393,099 518,867 331,463 309,925 323,354 140,579 424,290 436,160 496,877 508,253

Operating expenditures per FTE student ........ 152 216 300 352 388 414 433 459 460 453 472 492

Operating expenditures per FTE student in 

constant 2008–09 dollars11........................ 554 492 556 547 554 559 574 582 555 523 509 499

Operating expenditures (percentage distribution) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Salaries and wages ......................................... 48.3 47.0 52.4 51.8 50.4 49.9 50.4 48.4 50.8 50.7 49.8 49.3

Student hourly wages ...................................... 5.5 5.2 (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)

Fringe benefits ................................................. 7.1 8.6 — — — — — 5.4 — — — —

Preservation..................................................... 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6

Information resources...................................... 29.7 28.9 32.2 32.8 33.6 34.9 34.9 36.3 35.9 36.8 37.4 38.6

Other12 ............................................................. 7.7 8.7 14.2 14.2 14.9 14.2 13.8 9.0 12.4 11.8 12.1 11.5

Library operating expenditures as percent of 

total institutional expenditures for 

educational and general purposes .............. 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.8 — — — — — — —
626 CHAPTER 7: Libraries and Educational Technology

Libraries

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1The number of entries into the library in an average week. A single person can be counted

more than once.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Academic Libraries Survey (ALS), fiscal year 2008. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 431. Collections, staff, and operating expenditures of the 60 largest college and university libraries: Fiscal year 2008

Institution

Rank order,

by number

of volumes

Number

of volumes

at end of

year (in

thousands)

Number of

e-books at

end of year

Number of

serials at

end of year

Full-time-equivalent staff

Operating expenditures 

(in thousands) Public

service

hours per

typical week

Gate count

per typical

week1

Reference

transactions

per typical

Total Librarians Total week

Salaries

and wages

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Harvard University (MA)......................................... 1 16,250 1,167 110,628 1,229 418 $117,884 $62,798 168 39,748 5,468

Yale University (CT) ................................................ 2 12,284 840,000 295,557 735 175 92,248 35,781 111 14,900 1,970

University of California, Berkeley........................... 3 11,020 610,920 87,876 487 92 48,020 24,305 77 27,502 2,100

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign........... 4 10,933 319,533 109,803 473 113 40,571 20,988 144 85,632 6,214

Columbia University in the City of New York......... 5 9,596 703,121 132,740 616 161 56,089 27,240 108 81,862 3,557

University of Texas at Austin................................... 6 9,447 593,450 56,847 528 130 43,850 20,773 120 87,115 20,693

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor......................... 7 9,175 701,019 69,457 570 169 52,395 25,853 168 73,543 2,884

Stanford University (CA)......................................... 8 8,558 419,515 33,903 680 151 78,377 41,382 105 20,100 3,074

University of California, Los Angeles..................... 9 8,467 495,238 175,207 596 125 53,154 28,197 97 64,072 1,843

University of Wisconsin, Madison.......................... 10 7,934 766,032 54,164 553 229 43,282 23,459 148 110,368 2,640

Cornell University (NY)........................................... 11 7,750 391,897 89,000 549 118 46,798 22,667 146 98,000 1,497

University of Chicago (IL)....................................... 12 7,745 851,880 76,607 323 68 34,680 12,638 146 33,881 779

Indiana University, Bloomington............................. 13 7,618 631,617 103,228 445 94 36,282 16,061 168 90,061 2,446

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities...................... 14 6,878 307,082 85,075 394 93 40,734 18,118 100 36,527 2,300

University of Washington, Seattle Campus .......... 15 6,844 387,281 61,847 458 135 36,814 19,345 138 116,000 2,128

Princeton University (NJ)........................................ 16 6,779 763,158 51,746 410 97 48,970 18,789 116 13,492 671

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill............ 17 6,017 510,110 60,713 452 143 41,124 18,944 146 60,214 2,543

Ohio State University, Main Campus..................... 18 6,016 269,097 78,903 396 62 35,833 16,642 168 39,030 1,476

Duke University (NC).............................................. 19 5,829 144,939 61,964 369 117 37,331 16,444 161 9,250 2,638

University of Pennsylvania ..................................... 20 5,756 340,446 61,676 370 111 37,599 16,991 111 38,589 5,000

University of Pittsburgh, Main Campus (PA)......... 21 5,657 591,468 59,141 382 120 32,907 12,539 118 84,789 2,587

Pennsylvania State University, Main Campus...... 22 5,355 42,083 88,668 608 134 47,686 24,437 168 46,247 3,549

University of Arizona............................................... 23 5,266 645,463 24,466 239 54 24,676 9,471 142 42,916 531

University of Virginia, Main Campus ..................... 24 5,158 374,731 163,032 379 101 35,930 16,921 149 76,424 2,886

Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway... 25 5,081 195,296 74,031 305 66 23,918 13,651 108 53,419 1,216

New York University................................................ 26 5,073 545,025 67,960 458 58 44,603 20,703 119 51,500 2,156

Northwestern University (IL) .................................. 27 4,843 264,066 82,822 344 97 29,147 12,518 126 28,218 1,427

Michigan State University....................................... 28 4,839 66,350 83,460 265 71 23,482 10,714 148 42,367 850

University of Kansas............................................... 29 4,799 321,320 60,838 228 54 19,543 9,105 140 42,000 2,350

University of Iowa.................................................... 30 4,791 486,769 59,442 281 98 27,620 12,335 113 36,273 1,610

University of Oklahoma, Norman Campus........... 31 4,702 649,929 52,522 158 37 16,253 4,396 117 21,930 523

University of Georgia.............................................. 32 4,637 128,694 80,748 315 81 24,451 10,106 137 17,700 1,910

Arizona State University at the Tempe Campus... 33 4,422 302,266 87,566 332 93 28,571 12,266 149 75,265 2,053

University of Florida................................................ 34 4,288 280,238 71,336 402 85 29,731 13,905 111 56,209 1,587

University of Southern California........................... 35 4,084 267,657 70,066 374 75 38,393 17,149 159 53,534 1,173

Louisiana State University and Agricultural & 

Mechanical College......................................... 36 4,067 346,389 101,738 192 52 15,874 — 113 32,228 712

Texas A & M University........................................... 37 3,934 461,225 86,737 359 85 34,150 12,329 146 49,683 880

University of Colorado at Boulder.......................... 38 3,928 175,377 55,519 216 58 21,454 8,693 104 40,532 1,374

University of South Carolina, Columbia................ 39 3,885 91,940 21,505 275 71 19,743 7,975 140 31,415 2,969

Johns Hopkins University (MD)............................. 40 3,878 2,003,184 74,701 338 80 32,881 13,282 120 19,373 1,593

Washington University in St. Louis (MO) .............. 41 3,841 382,891 69,400 266 93 32,366 10,219 120 30,000 1,409

Brown University (RI).............................................. 42 3,825 284,749 60,499 208 55 19,862 9,162 112 20,064 510

Brigham Young University (UT) ............................. 43 3,743 337,546 69,361 383 85 27,167 12,126 105 82,238 3,070

SUNY at Buffalo (NY)............................................. 44 3,720 369,721 80,431 242 60 19,972 10,339 168 26,000 562

University of Kentucky ............................................ 45 3,720 406,014 73,251 287 79 21,414 8,257 135 57,316 1,734

Miami University (OH) ............................................ 46 3,718 511,114 91,229 146 41 9,488 4,652 168 28,862 1,529

University of Maryland, College Park.................... 47 3,717 88,393 42,393 258 119 32,156 12,600 162 47,982 5,186

University of Rochester (NY).................................. 48 3,701 51,134 28,561 207 89 24,850 8,949 119 4,478 1,004

University of Cincinnati, Main Campus (OH)........ 49 3,632 459,542 86,363 185 49 21,466 7,729 95 26,700 1,600

University of Hawaii at Manoa................................ 50 3,559 193,133 55,276 237 64 17,860 9,108 135 31,380 1,791

University of Nebraska, Lincoln ............................. 51 3,554 321,180 46,865 187 49 12,633 6,465 96 15,004 1,000

University of Missouri, Columbia........................... 52 3,494 25,434 38,364 198 55 17,025 6,386 114 36,426 1,374

Florida State University .......................................... 53 3,484 477,476 62,093 250 67 18,563 7,090 142 37,531 1,219

North Carolina State University at Raleigh........... 54 3,477 401,497 67,995 268 98 23,296 10,960 146 37,649 718

Wayne State University (MI)................................... 55 3,454 206,736 20,384 247 53 20,802 9,349 142 38,599 916

University of Notre Dame (IN)................................ 56 3,393 2,295 82,866 260 60 24,077 10,306 126 19,191 497

University of Utah.................................................... 57 3,373 132,859 48,777 370 69 26,290 12,877 123 39,724 3,680

University of California, San Diego........................ 58 3,373 231,216 34,800 367 63 30,748 16,330 114 51,347 880

University of Connecticut........................................ 59 3,368 338,682 71,371 152 61 16,262 — 114 51,539 303

University of California, Davis ................................ 60 3,354 504,736 50,442 231 53 18,652 9,568 95 33,978 1,129
CHAPTER 7: Libraries and Educational Technology 627

Libraries

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

1The number of visits (entering the library for any purpose) per person during the year. 

2A reference transaction is an information contact that involves the knowledge, use, recommendations, interpretation, or instructions in the use of one or more information sources by

a member of the library staff.

3In 2007, of the 9,214 public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 7,463

were single-outlet libraries and 1,751 were multiple-outlet libraries. In 2008, of the 9,221

public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 7,469 were single-outlet libraries and 1,752 were multiple-outlet libraries. Single-outlet libraries consist of a central

library, bookmobile, or books-by-mail-only outlet. Multiple-outlet libraries have two or more

direct service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail-only outlets.

NOTE: Data include imputations for nonresponse. Detail may not sum to totals because of

rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, Institute of Museum and Library Services, Public Libraries in the United States, fiscal years 2007 and 2008, retrieved July 13, 2010, from http://

harvester.census.gov/imls/publib.asp. (This table was prepared July 2010.)

Table 432. Public libraries, books and serial volumes, library visits, circulation, and reference transactions, by state: Fiscal years 2007 and 2008

State

Number of public libraries

Number of books and serial volumes 

Library visits 

per capita1

Circulation 

per capita

Reference 

transactions 

per capita2 In thousands Per capita

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States......................................... 9,214 3 9,221 3 812,483 816,099 2.8 2.8 4.9 5.1 7.4 7.7 1.0 1.0

Alabama ..................................................... 208 210 9,495 9,615 2.2 2.2 3.6 3.5 4.4 4.4 0.8 0.8

Alaska......................................................... 87 86 2,445 2,491 3.6 3.7 5.1 5.1 6.3 6.3 0.5 0.6

Arizona ....................................................... 83 86 9,145 8,619 1.5 1.3 3.9 4.0 7.1 7.3 0.7 0.7

Arkansas..................................................... 48 51 6,224 6,450 2.3 2.4 3.5 3.7 4.7 4.9 0.7 0.7

California .................................................... 181 181 74,961 74,197 2.0 2.0 4.2 4.5 5.4 5.8 0.8 0.9

Colorado ..................................................... 115 115 11,728 12,039 2.5 2.5 6.2 6.3 11.4 12.0 1.2 1.2

Connecticut................................................. 195 195 15,528 15,609 4.4 4.4 6.5 6.8 9.0 9.4 1.3 1.4

Delaware..................................................... 21 21 1,921 1,991 2.5 2.5 5.6 5.5 10.0 10.4 0.7 0.6

District of Columbia .................................... 1 1 2,097 2,063 3.6 3.5 3.7 4.6 2.5 3.0 1.4 1.4

Florida......................................................... 79 80 31,995 32,736 1.7 1.7 4.2 4.5 5.9 6.2 1.5 1.6

Georgia....................................................... 58 59 15,664 16,087 1.7 1.7 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.7 1.0 1.0

Hawaii......................................................... 1 1 3,376 3,399 2.6 2.6 4.5 4.6 5.3 5.5 0.7 0.7

Idaho........................................................... 104 104 4,100 4,192 3.1 3.1 6.1 6.4 8.6 9.4 0.8 0.8

Illinois.......................................................... 623 634 43,155 45,263 3.7 3.9 6.5 6.6 8.8 9.0 1.2 1.2

Indiana........................................................ 239 238 25,360 25,873 4.5 4.5 6.9 7.2 13.0 13.7 0.9 1.0

Iowa ............................................................ 539 539 12,297 12,235 4.3 4.1 6.3 6.3 10.0 9.6 0.6 0.6

Kansas........................................................ 326 327 11,106 10,381 4.7 4.4 6.4 6.2 11.1 11.4 1.2 1.1

Kentucky ..................................................... 116 116 8,602 8,674 2.1 2.1 4.3 4.4 6.4 6.7 0.8 0.9

Louisiana .................................................... 67 68 11,450 11,641 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.3 4.1 4.0 1.2 1.2

Maine.......................................................... 272 272 6,495 6,505 5.5 5.4 5.9 5.9 7.5 7.7 0.7 0.6

Maryland..................................................... 24 24 14,550 14,378 2.6 2.6 5.2 5.9 9.6 9.9 1.2 1.1

Massachusetts............................................ 370 370 32,436 32,713 5.0 5.1 6.1 6.5 8.1 8.4 0.8 0.9

Michigan ..................................................... 386 384 34,388 34,556 3.5 3.5 5.2 5.5 7.6 8.0 0.9 0.9

Minnesota ................................................... 139 138 15,836 14,762 3.0 2.8 5.4 5.5 10.3 10.7 0.9 0.8

Mississippi .................................................. 50 50 5,703 5,530 2.0 1.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 0.5 0.6

Missouri ...................................................... 152 152 18,433 18,034 3.6 3.5 5.3 5.5 9.3 9.4 1.1 1.1

Montana...................................................... 80 80 2,781 2,732 3.1 3.0 4.4 4.5 6.2 6.5 0.4 0.5

Nebraska .................................................... 271 270 6,735 6,643 5.2 5.1 7.4 6.9 10.2 10.5 0.9 0.9

Nevada ....................................................... 22 22 4,633 5,405 1.7 2.0 3.8 4.0 5.9 6.5 0.6 0.7

New Hampshire .......................................... 230 231 6,116 6,210 4.7 4.7 5.2 5.6 8.1 8.4 0.6 0.6

New Jersey ................................................. 303 303 30,673 30,342 3.7 3.6 5.6 5.9 6.8 7.3 1.0 1.0

New Mexico ................................................ 91 91 4,582 4,578 3.0 2.9 4.7 4.8 6.1 6.3 0.9 0.9

New York..................................................... 753 755 72,956 74,635 3.9 3.9 6.0 6.2 7.8 8.2 1.5 1.5

North Carolina ............................................ 77 77 16,536 16,833 1.9 1.9 4.1 4.1 5.6 5.8 1.4 1.3

North Dakota .............................................. 80 81 2,368 2,453 4.3 4.3 4.8 4.3 7.2 7.2 0.7 0.7

Ohio ............................................................ 251 251 46,974 46,893 4.1 4.1 7.6 8.0 15.9 16.7 1.7 1.8

Oklahoma ................................................... 113 115 7,144 7,249 2.4 2.4 4.8 4.9 6.9 7.0 0.8 0.7

Oregon........................................................ 128 126 9,505 9,407 2.8 2.8 6.3 6.6 14.9 15.4 0.8 0.8

Pennsylvania............................................... 457 457 30,114 29,837 2.5 2.5 3.9 4.0 5.6 5.8 0.7 0.7

Rhode Island .............................................. 49 48 4,376 4,420 4.1 4.2 5.8 6.0 6.7 7.0 0.8 0.8

South Carolina............................................ 42 42 9,176 9,421 2.1 2.1 3.6 3.8 5.2 5.4 1.1 1.1

South Dakota.............................................. 123 114 3,131 3,134 4.6 4.5 5.9 5.6 7.9 8.4 0.7 0.9

Tennessee .................................................. 187 187 11,439 11,595 1.9 1.9 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.1 0.7 0.7

Texas .......................................................... 562 561 41,799 41,797 1.9 1.9 3.3 3.3 4.8 4.9 0.7 0.7

Utah ............................................................ 70 69 6,587 6,556 2.6 2.5 6.5 6.7 12.5 13.0 1.6 1.7

Vermont ...................................................... 183 183 2,865 2,900 4.8 4.8 6.4 6.4 7.5 7.7 0.8 0.8

Virginia........................................................ 90 91 19,002 19,181 2.5 2.5 4.9 5.2 8.6 9.2 0.9 1.0

Washington................................................. 66 64 17,458 16,433 2.7 2.5 6.2 6.5 11.7 12.1 1.0 1.0

West Virginia............................................... 97 97 5,023 5,119 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.3 4.2 4.2 0.5 0.5

Wisconsin ................................................... 382 381 19,596 19,843 3.5 3.5 6.1 6.3 10.6 10.9 0.9 0.9

Wyoming..................................................... 23 23 2,429 2,447 4.7 4.7 6.4 6.8 8.4 9.0 1.1 1.1
628 CHAPTER 7: Libraries and Educational Technology

Adult Education

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Adult Education

—Not available.

NOTE: Adult basic education provides instruction in basic skills for adults 16 and over functioning at literacy levels below the secondary level. Adult secondary education provides

instruction at the high school level for adults who are seeking to pass the GED or obtain an

adult high school credential. English as a second language instruction is for adults who lack

proficiency in English and who seek to improve their literacy and competence in English.

Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Vocational and Adult Education (OVAE),

Division of Adult Education and Literacy, “Adult Education Program Facts, Program Year

1990–1991”; and OVAE National Reporting System, retrieved May 27, 2010, from http://

wdcrobcolp01.ed.gov/CFAPPS/OVAE/NRS/. (This table was prepared May 2010.)

Table 433. Participants in state-administered adult basic education, secondary education, and English as a second language programs, by type 

of program and state or jurisdiction: Selected fiscal years, 1990 through 2008

State or jurisdiction 1990 2000 2005 2006

2007 2008

Total

Adult basic

education

Adult

secondary

education

English

as a second

language Total

Adult basic

education

Adult

secondary

education

English

as a second

language

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United States ............ 3,535,970 2,629,643 2,543,953 2,308,380 2,302,827 941,659 297,838 1,063,330 2,364,051 1,004,660 307,825 1,051,566

Alabama ............................ 40,177 23,666 19,827 18,742 19,809 13,590 4,301 1,918 23,815 17,006 4,648 2,161

Alaska................................ 5,067 5,312 3,791 3,244 2,877 2,043 299 535 3,179 2,044 460 675

Arizona .............................. 33,805 31,136 26,881 24,861 18,704 10,702 1,378 6,624 21,760 12,763 1,506 7,491

Arkansas............................ 29,065 38,867 37,102 31,912 31,010 19,275 6,841 4,894 32,610 21,180 6,416 5,014

California ........................... 1,021,227 473,050 591,893 586,632 602,837 122,601 71,579 408,657 618,767 134,422 77,501 406,844

Colorado ............................ 12,183 13,818 15,011 14,530 14,683 3,770 1,180 9,733 14,203 3,775 1,264 9,164

Connecticut........................ 46,434 30,844 31,958 26,686 27,549 7,312 7,593 12,644 27,859 7,503 7,568 12,788

Delaware............................ 2,662 4,342 6,329 4,863 4,399 2,635 514 1,250 5,155 3,210 644 1,301

District of Columbia ........... 19,586 3,667 3,646 3,384 3,694 1,908 428 1,358 3,956 2,184 218 1,554

Florida................................ 419,429 404,912 348,119 239,648 264,670 107,093 33,098 124,479 260,931 112,229 31,608 117,094

Georgia.............................. 69,580 108,004 95,434 68,557 72,390 45,839 6,253 20,298 75,487 47,580 6,560 21,347

Hawaii................................ 52,012 10,525 7,461 7,772 8,135 3,452 1,573 3,110 8,944 3,901 1,912 3,131

Idaho.................................. 11,171 10,506 7,744 7,961 6,953 3,795 537 2,621 7,535 4,160 581 2,794

Illinois................................. 87,121 122,043 118,296 109,743 107,120 26,803 13,739 66,578 108,024 28,702 15,379 63,943

Indiana............................... 44,166 42,135 43,498 40,771 38,468 22,737 8,766 6,965 40,226 24,927 8,121 7,178

Iowa ................................... 41,507 20,161 11,989 9,664 9,271 3,951 2,210 3,110 9,918 3,993 2,222 3,703

Kansas............................... 10,274 11,248 9,475 9,323 8,611 4,009 1,092 3,510 8,916 4,305 1,026 3,585

Kentucky ............................ 28,090 31,050 30,931 31,458 31,456 22,728 5,338 3,390 40,235 27,941 8,276 4,018

Louisiana ........................... 40,039 30,929 29,367 23,601 23,642 17,896 3,603 2,143 26,633 21,255 3,486 1,892

Maine................................. 14,964 12,430 8,151 8,215 7,878 3,689 2,643 1,546 9,270 4,754 2,958 1,558

Maryland............................ 41,230 22,702 27,055 32,535 30,882 13,622 4,192 13,068 33,673 15,321 4,110 14,242

Massachusetts................... 34,220 24,053 21,448 23,957 21,706 4,917 3,525 13,264 21,491 4,864 3,526 13,101

Michigan ............................ 194,178 56,096 34,768 32,856 30,571 18,102 3,389 9,080 28,243 15,485 3,482 9,276

Minnesota .......................... 45,648 42,039 47,174 45,407 45,805 14,610 7,206 23,989 46,109 16,481 5,271 24,357

Mississippi ......................... 18,957 37,947 25,675 21,775 20,372 16,825 2,982 565 20,480 17,309 2,801 370

Missouri ............................. 31,815 41,089 37,052 34,374 33,497 22,061 4,775 6,661 36,161 24,720 4,584 6,857

Montana............................. 6,071 4,892 3,291 2,697 2,930 2,176 539 215 3,151 2,298 639 214

Nebraska ........................... 6,158 7,917 10,226 8,699 8,503 3,801 1,096 3,606 8,435 4,022 1,024 3,389

Nevada .............................. 17,262 22,992 9,981 9,483 9,526 1,140 466 7,920 8,571 1,067 443 7,061

New Hampshire ................. 7,198 5,962 5,804 5,797 5,592 1,662 2,217 1,713 5,806 1,805 1,995 2,006

New Jersey ........................ 64,080 44,317 40,889 35,374 34,198 11,372 2,152 20,674 32,823 11,660 1,747 19,416

New Mexico ....................... 30,236 23,243 24,132 20,040 20,063 10,623 2,015 7,425 22,920 12,444 2,195 8,281

New York............................ 156,611 176,239 157,486 147,631 133,852 51,463 8,666 73,723 133,255 52,844 8,887 71,524

North Carolina ................... 109,740 107,504 109,047 108,745 110,126 60,450 18,785 30,891 121,708 67,917 22,261 31,530

North Dakota ..................... 3,587 2,124 2,063 1,776 1,693 956 497 240 1,822 968 452 402

Ohio ................................... 95,476 65,579 50,869 47,462 48,209 32,526 8,479 7,204 50,537 34,834 8,434 7,269

Oklahoma .......................... 24,307 20,101 20,447 19,146 17,672 12,208 2,033 3,431 18,411 13,028 1,916 3,467

Oregon............................... 37,075 25,228 21,668 21,713 21,690 9,507 1,631 10,552 23,600 10,901 2,046 10,653

Pennsylvania...................... 52,444 49,369 54,274 53,557 50,996 26,860 10,238 13,898 52,795 27,958 10,672 14,165

Rhode Island ..................... 7,347 5,592 6,697 6,787 6,697 3,017 646 3,034 6,580 3,024 748 2,808

South Carolina................... 81,200 94,452 65,901 58,916 59,077 44,687 8,585 5,805 54,538 40,149 8,307 6,082

South Dakota..................... 3,184 5,637 3,517 2,977 2,629 1,674 578 377 3,025 1,906 725 394

Tennessee ......................... 41,721 40,615 48,924 43,179 41,439 29,629 5,333 6,477 37,048 27,207 4,904 4,937

Texas ................................. 218,747 111,585 119,867 102,365 93,242 36,358 4,308 52,576 84,514 32,947 3,524 48,043

Utah ................................... 24,841 30,714 29,320 24,869 21,764 11,347 2,561 7,856 25,978 14,192 3,004 8,782

Vermont ............................. 4,808 1,146 2,015 2,404 1,756 1,189 446 121 2,505 1,890 437 178

Virginia............................... 31,649 35,261 29,222 32,502 30,940 11,354 4,574 15,012 31,106 12,341 4,570 14,195

Washington........................ 31,776 53,460 50,386 52,810 57,474 21,624 4,011 31,839 64,982 26,231 4,393 34,358

West Virginia...................... 21,186 13,072 9,444 8,872 9,083 6,931 1,983 169 9,628 7,499 1,909 220

Wisconsin .......................... 61,081 27,304 26,029 25,792 24,302 11,938 6,257 6,107 23,856 12,057 5,668 6,131

Wyoming............................ 3,578 2,767 2,379 2,316 2,385 1,202 708 475 2,877 1,457 797 623

Other jurisdictions ... 31,400 44,785 37,328 38,333 34,079 6,664 26,040 1,375 36,071 6,709 28,696 666

American Samoa............... — 662 838 772 226 116 34 76 264 118 35 111

Federated States of 

Micronesia ................... — 00000000000

Guam................................. 1,311 1,092 1,062 1,113 1,079 593 365 121 1,154 724 306 124

Marshall Islands................. — 3350000000000

Northern Marianas ............ — 680 740 530 613 82 304 227 583 270 121 192

Palau.................................. — 132 206 73 55 0 55 0 51 0 51 0

Puerto Rico........................ 28,436 41,043 33,463 34,903 31,924 5,756 25,276 892 34,019 5,597 28,183 239

U.S. Virgin Islands ............. 1,653 841 1,019 942 182 117 6 59 0 0 0 0
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 434. Participation of employed persons, 17 years old and over, in career-related adult education during the previous 12 months, by selected characteristic

2005

Characteristic of employed person

1995 1999 2005

Percent

of adults

participating in

career- or jobrelated courses

Number of

career- or

job-related

courses taken,

per employee

Percent of

adults

participating

in career- or

job-related courses

Number of

career- or

job-related

courses taken,

per employee

Employed persons,

in thousands

Percent of adults participating

In career- or jobrelated courses In apprentice programs In personal interest courses

In i

p

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

Total.............................. 31.1 (0.54) 0.8 (0.02) 30.5 (1.14) 0.7 (0.03) 133,386 (1,508.1) 38.8 (0.83) 1.4 (0.24) 21.8 (0.94) 7

Sex

Male .................................. 29.0 (0.72) 0.7 (0.02) 28.3 (1.15) 0.6 (0.03) 71,754 (934.7) 31.7 (1.22) 2.0 (0.37) 18.5 (1.30) 7

Female.............................. 33.4 (0.83) 0.9 (0.03) 32.9 (1.14) 0.8 (0.03) 61,632 (1,219.3) 47.1 (1.43) 0.8 (0.23) 25.8 (1.23) 7

Age

17 through 24 years old .... 18.6 (1.01) 0.4 (0.02) 19.1 (1.91) 0.4 (0.06) 15,027 (1,030.4) 26.4 (3.01) 3.0 (1.03) 25.2 (3.37) 7

25 through 29 years old .... 31.2 (1.46) 0.8 (0.05) 34.3 (2.44) 0.8 (0.08) 14,555 (918.4) 36.1 (2.94) 3.1 (1.12) 24.5 (3.66) 7

30 through 34 years old .... 31.6 (1.30) 0.8 (0.04) 34.4 (2.50) 0.8 (0.08) 15,250 (977.2) 41.0 (3.06) 2.7 (1.10) 23.7 (2.63) 735 through 39 years old .... 35.1 (1.02) 0.9 (0.03) 29.2 (2.15) 0.7 (0.07) 15,286 (922.4) 41.7 (4.16) 1.0 (0.46) 21.6 (3.15) 740 through 44 years old .... 36.6 (1.29) 0.9 (0.04) 36.4 (2.44) 0.8 (0.07) 18,141 (946.3) 39.8 (2.73) 0.9 (0.48) 23.3 (2.60) 745 through 49 years old .... 39.6 (1.94) 1.0 (0.06) 30.4 (2.42) 0.7 (0.06) 18,149 (842.5) 45.0 (2.15) 0.7 (0.29) 19.0 (2.09) 750 through 54 years old .... 34.4 (1.69) 0.9 (0.04) 34.7 (2.57) 0.8 (0.07) 14,624 (732.1) 42.6 (2.49) 0.7 (0.32) 19.5 (1.92) 755 through 59 years old .... 26.7 (1.86) 0.7 (0.06) 30.3 (2.83) 0.6 (0.08) 10,522 (676.0) 44.7 (2.98) 0.2 (0.12) 18.3 (1.93) 7

60 through 64 years old .... 21.1 (2.41) 0.5 (0.06) 27.2 (3.80) 0.7 (0.15) 6,021 (498.8) 38.9 (3.97) 0.6 (0.43) 23.4 (3.52) 765 years old and over........ 13.7 (1.86) 0.4 (0.06) 20.3 (4.21) 0.4 (0.08) 5,812 (493.3) 21.6 (3.48) # (†) 17.4 (3.13) 7

65 through 69................ 13.1 (2.28) 0.4 (0.08) — (†) — (†) 3,385 (415.5) 19.1 (4.05) # (†) 20.9 (4.88) 770 and over ................... 14.6 (2.85) 0.4 (0.09)

— (†) — (†) 2,427 (282.3) 25.1 (5.81) # (†) 12.6 (2.93) 7

Race/ethnicity

White................................. 33.2 (0.61) 0.8 (0.02) 32.8 (0.98) 0.6 (0.03) 94,881 (1,538.6) 41.3 (0.93) 1.2 (0.25) 22.2 (1.11) 7

Black ................................. 26.2 (1.46) 0.7 (0.04) 28.1 (2.34) 1.0 (0.07) 13,773 (533.2) 39.2 (3.82) 1.7 (0.83) 23.5 (3.04) 6

Hispanic ............................ 18.1 (1.00) 0.4 (0.02) 16.4 (1.83) 0.5 (0.05) 15,741 (681.1) 25.0 (2.66) 2.9 (0.85) 16.2 (2.31) 6Asian................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 3,770 (520.7) 36.9 (7.00) 0.9 (0.90) 32.3 (7.26) 8Pacific Islander.................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Asian/Pacific Islander........ 25.5 (2.69) 0.6 (0.07) 32.8 (4.84) 0.4 (0.15) † (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) American Indian/Alaska 

Native.......................... 34.0 (6.32) 0.9 (0.20) 29.5 (11.52) 0.7 (0.52) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Two or more races ............ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 3,786 (562.7) 39.1 (6.85) 1.4 (0.85) 22.6 (6.34) 7Other races ....................... 25.3 (2.99) 0.7 (0.09) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 

Highest level of education 

completed

Less than high school 

completion ................. 8.8 (1.05) 0.1 (0.02) 7.9 (2.29) 0.4 (0.05) 16,627 (838.2) 10.4 (2.11) 2.4 (0.90) 8.801 (1.54) 5

8th grade or less ........... 6.1 (2.00) 0.1 (0.04) — (†) — (†) 5,016 (599.7) 2.7 (1.12) 4.4 (2.43) 3.8 (1.71) 4

9th through 12th grade, 

no completion.......... 10.0 (1.27) 0.2 (0.02) — (†) — (†) 11,610 (792.8) 13.7 (2.99) 1.5 (0.78) 11.0 (2.06) 6

High school completion.... 20.9 (0.79) 0.4 (0.02) 21.4 (1.45) 0.8 (0.03) 34,121 (1,147.2) 24.7 (1.76) 1.3 (0.46) 17.1 (1.89) 6Some vocational/technical 32.3 (2.50) 0.8 (0.07) 28.7 (5.76) 0.9 (0.17) 3,744 (393.1) 48.2 (5.92) 2.0 (1.56) 25.5 (4.61) 7Some college ................... 29.9 (0.91) 0.7 (0.03) 29.0 (1.78) 0.7 (0.06) 24,479 (1,067.7) 39.9 (2.36) 1.9 (0.69) 25.2 (2.50) 7

Associate’s degree........... 39.2 (1.58) 1.0 (0.05) 39.7 (3.07) 0.9 (0.09) 9,943 (730.7) 50.4 (3.71) 2.3 (0.84) 19.1 (2.86) 7Bachelor’s degree ............ 44.6 (1.33) 1.2 (0.04) 43.8 (2.01) 1.0 (0.06) 26,475 (902.7) 53.1 (1.88) 0.2 (0.12) 29.0 (1.77) 7

Some graduate work (or 

study) ......................... 50.2 (1.63) 1.4 (0.05) 46.8 (4.17) 1.2 (0.14) 17,998 (735.4) 61.1 (2.16) 1.5 (0.80) 28.6 (2.01) 8

No degree ..................... 44.3 (3.18) 1.2 (0.10) 54.2 (4.94) 1.2 (0.14) 2,125 (227.9) 53.8 (5.79) ‡ (†) 39.3 (6.05) 7Master’s......................... 50.5 (1.99) 1.4 (0.06) 45.3 (2.97) 1.1 (0.11) 11,330 (614.7) 62.7 (2.98) ‡ (†) 28.2 (2.27) 9Doctor’s ......................... 40.4 (6.42) 1.0 (0.16) 34.4 (4.79) 0.7 (0.12) 1,600 (227.2) 49.0 (5.80) ‡ (†) 28.8 (4.76) 8Professional .................. 67.6 (3.89) 2.0 (0.15) 67.6 (6.98) 1.9 (0.31) 2,943 (382.7) 66.5 (6.39) ‡ (†) 22.1 (5.05) 9

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Locale1

City.................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 39,283 (1,391.3) 39.6 (1.67) 2.2 (0.60) 23.1 (1.43) 7Suburban .......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 48,452 (1,555.0) 41.1 (1.87) 1.2 (0.32) 23.3 (1.38) 7

Town ................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 17,616 (1,060.7) 36.0 (2.64) 0.5 (0.25) 19.6 (2.83) 7

Rural ................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 27,847 (885.2) 35.4 (2.14) 1.4 (0.58) 19.0 (2.19) 7

Occupation

Executive, administrative, 

or managerial occupations................. 42.9 (1.49) 1.2 (0.05) 40.6 (2.06) 1.0 (0.07) 14,596 (707.6) 53.6 (2.79) 0.4 (0.25) 29.5 (2.89) 7

Engineers, surveyors, and 

architects .................... 44.2 (4.46) 1.1 (0.12) 52.1 (6.96) 1.0 (0.16) 1,987 (244.9) 56.3 (5.68) ‡ (†) 30.5 (6.36) 8

Natural scientists and 

mathematicians........... 59.7 (3.97) 1.7 (0.15) 46.0 (6.61) 0.8 (0.14) 4,130 (445.4) 51.5 (5.64) 2.1 (1.55) 31.2 (4.83) 8

Social scientists and 

workers, religious workers, and lawyers .. 59.5 (2.61) 1.8 (0.11) 56.9 (5.66) 1.7 (0.24) 4,697 (480.9) 66.8 (4.48) ‡ (†) 28.3 (3.81) 8

Teachers, elementary/

secondary ................... 53.9 (2.23) 1.5 (0.08) 52.1 (3.53) 1.2 (0.11) 7,085 (568.5) 67.7 (4.16) 0.6 (0.37) 31.5 (3.93) 8

Teachers, postsecondary 

and counselors, librarians, and archivists..................... 41.6 (4.57) 1.0 (0.15) 35.6 (5.85) 0.7 (0.14) 2,393 (420.9) 53.1 (8.63) ‡ (†) 17.7 (4.91) 9

Health diagnosing and 

treating practitioners ... 68.6 (5.85) 2.0 (0.23) 65.2 (11.99) 1.5 (0.50) 978 (208.8) 78.9 (7.10) ‡ (†) 27.4 (9.60) 8

Registered nurses, 

pharmacists, dieticians, therapists, and physician’s assistants.................... 72.8 (3.02) 2.2 (0.14) 72.2 (5.04) 1.8 (0.21) 2,794 (238.8) 79.7 (4.60) ‡ (†) 29.4 (4.17) 8

Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes ... 23.4 (2.89) 0.5 (0.07) 30.6 (6.21) 0.6 (0.18) 2,969 (405.2) 29.9 (5.69) ‡ (†) 31.8 (6.15) 8

Health technologists and 

technicians.................. 50.0 (4.08) 1.4 (0.12) 41.8 (6.00) 1.0 (0.19) 3,060 (436.7) 70.6 (7.31) 2.0 (1.50) 27.8 (6.48) 7

Technologists and 

technicians, except health .......................... 43.8 (2.67) 1.1 (0.10) 37.6 (4.87) 1.0 (0.15) 1,774 (336.5) 29.4 (8.10) ‡ (†) 5.3 (2.02) 7

Marketing and sales 

occupations................. 25.2 (1.26) 0.6 (0.03) 21.1 (2.27) 0.4 (0.06) 14,845 (971.9) 32.3 (3.17) 1.3 (0.92) 20.8 (2.64) 7

Administrative support 

occupations, including clerical......................... 30.8 (1.15) 0.7 (0.03) 27.4 (2.02) 0.6 (0.05) 21,167 (1,179.4) 36.1 (2.95) 0.8 (0.40) 28.2 (2.28) 7

Service occupations.......... 22.6 (1.25) 0.6 (0.04) 21.0 (2.15) 0.5 (0.07) 17,180 (1,033.7) 33.7 (3.13) 1.1 (0.36) 16.2 (2.31) 6

See notes at end of table.

Table 434. Participation of employed persons, 17 years old and over, in career-related adult education during the previous 12 months, by selected characteristic

2005—Continued

Characteristic of employed person

1995 1999 2005

Percent

of adults

participating in

career- or jobrelated courses

Number of

career- or

job-related

courses taken,

per employee

Percent of

adults

participating

in career- or

job-related courses

Number of

career- or

job-related

courses taken,

per employee

Employed persons,

in thousands

Percent of adults participating

In career- or jobrelated courses In apprentice programs In personal interest courses

In i

p

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 —Not available. †Not applicable. #Rounds to zero. ‡Reporting standards not met.

1Detail may not sum to totals due to missing locale information. 2For 2005, figures include “Production workers” occupations data.

NOTE: Data do not include persons enrolled in high school or below. Race caDetail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Standard errors appear in pSOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatAE-NHES:1999, and AE-NHES:2005) of the National Household Education October 2010.)

Agriculture, forestry, and 

fishing occupations ..... 12.4 (2.47) 0.3 (0.07) 12.2 (4.09) 0.2 (0.07) 2,522 (423.8) 22.4 (7.61) 2.4 (1.69) 23.0 (11.03) 6

Mechanics and repairers .. 29.1 (2.62) 0.7 (0.08) 15.0 (3.40) 0.3 (0.09) 5,241 (521.6) 28.3 (4.47) 4.0 (1.44) 12.6 (3.24) 6

Construction and extractive occupations .......... 18.6 (2.33) 0.3 (0.04) 13.2 (3.16) 0.2 (0.06) 6,827 (647.1) 12.4 (3.04) 5.3 (2.26) 7.8 (1.88) 6

Precision production2 ........ 25.6 (4.04) 0.6 (0.12) 18.3 (6.52) 0.4 (0.12) 10,483 (839.3) 23.5 (3.79) 1.6 (0.90) 14.0 (3.34) 6

Production workers ........... 14.8 (1.13) 0.3 (0.02) 23.0 (3.17) 0.5 (0.08) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) Transportation and 

material moving .......... 15.8 (1.83) 0.3 (0.04) 18.4 (3.62) 0.3 (0.06) 7,858 (742.5) 15.2 (2.81) 3.4 (1.77) 10.5 (3.10) 6

Handlers, equipment 

cleaners, helpers, and laborers....................... 11.7 (2.77) 0.2 (0.06) 6.8 (3.45) 0.2 (0.12) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 

Miscellaneous occupations 38.8 (3.50) 1.0 (0.11) 14.2 (4.62) 0.3 (0.08) 801 (189.4) 17.2 (6.87) ‡ (†) 8.7 (4.31) 4

Annual household income

$10,000 or less ................. 12.6 (1.31) 0.2 (0.03) 9.5 (3.09) 0.2 (0.05) 4,425 (444.8) 16.7 (4.35) 0.6 (0.48) 26.1912 (7.96) 6

$5,000 or less ............... 8.7 (1.91) 0.1 (0.03) — (†) — (†) 1,635 (252.7) 19.1 (6.52) ‡ (†) 22.9 (7.91) 6$5,001 to $10,000 ......... 15.1 (1.62) 0.3 (0.04) — (†) — (†) 2,791 (454.1) 15.3 (5.68) ‡ (†) 28.1 (12.27) 7

$10,001 to $15,000........... 15.1 (1.71) 0.4 (0.04) 8.3 (1.88) 0.1 (0.03) 4,814 (633.4) 22.2 (5.77) ‡ (†) 17.3 (5.25) 6

$15,001 to $20,000........... 20.1 (1.36) 0.4 (0.03) 16.3 (2.75) 0.3 (0.05) 4,515 (398.8) 18.2 (3.09) 5.7 (2.71) 11.5 (1.96) 6

$20,001 to $25,000........... 20.4 (1.52) 0.5 (0.05) 18.8 (2.79) 0.4 (0.08) 5,593 (490.2) 23.8 (4.02) 1.1 (0.51) 13.3 (3.21) 7

$25,001 to $30,000........... 24.7 (1.34) 0.5 (0.03) 22.2 (2.73) 0.5 (0.07) 7,444 (680.4) 31.4 (4.88) 0.7 (0.44) 16.7 (3.77) 7

$30,001 to $40,000........... 30.2 (1.13) 0.8 (0.03) 26.6 (2.82) 0.6 (0.07) 13,123 (928.5) 35.1 (3.45) 1.5 (0.65) 21.7 (3.71) 6$40,001 to $50,000........... 34.7 (1.30) 0.8 (0.04) 32.3 (2.34) 0.7 (0.07) 13,647 (1,058.4) 31.5 (3.01) 1.8 (0.72) 20.1 (3.32) 7

$50,001 to $75,000........... 40.0 (1.18) 1.0 (0.04) 36.6 (1.86) 0.9 (0.06) 33,665 (1,430.4) 42.7 (1.80) 1.2 (0.51) 20.9 (2.10) 7

More than $75,000............ 45.2 (1.40) 1.3 (0.04) 42.5 (1.79) 1.0 (0.06) 46,160 (1,263.3) 48.1 (1.57) 1.3 (0.39) 26.0 (1.37) 7

Table 434. Participation of employed persons, 17 years old and over, in career-related adult education during the previous 12 months, by selected characteristic

2005—Continued

Characteristic of employed person

1995 1999 2005

Percent

of adults

participating in

career- or jobrelated courses

Number of

career- or

job-related

courses taken,

per employee

Percent of

adults

participating

in career- or

job-related courses

Number of

career- or

job-related

courses taken,

per employee

Employed persons,

in thousands

Percent of adults participating

In career- or jobrelated courses In apprentice programs In personal interest courses

In i

p

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Table 435. Participation rate of persons, 17 years old and over, in adult education during the previous 12 months, by selected characteristics of participants: Se

2005

Characteristic of participant

Percent taking any program, class, or course Percent taking specific programs, classes, or courses, 2

1991 1995 1999 2001 2005 

Basic skills/

General

Educational

Development

(GED) classes

English as a

second language

(ESL) classes

Part-time postsecondary

education1

Career- or jobrelated courses 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

Total.................................................. 33.0 (0.68) 40.2 (0.48) 44.5 (0.77) 46.4 (0.55) 44.4 (0.74) 1.3 (0.22) 0.9 (0.17) 5.0 (0.29) 27.0 (0.63) 1

Sex

Male ...................................................... 32.6 (1.09) 38.2 (0.65) 41.7 (1.15) 43.1 (0.83) 41.0 (1.20) 1.4 (0.41) 0.9 (0.29) 5.0 (0.44) 24.5 (0.99) 1Female.................................................. 33.2 (0.97) 42.1 (0.59) 47.1 (1.02) 49.5 (0.78) 47.5 (1.01) 1.2 (0.19) 0.9 (0.15) 5.1 (0.37) 29.2 (0.95) 0

Age

17 to 24 years old ................................. 37.8 (1.46) 47.0 (1.12) 49.9 (2.34) 52.8 (2.04) 52.8 (2.79) 6.0 (1.48) 1.7 (0.61) 11.5 (1.34) 21.3 (2.22) 225 to 29 years old ................................. 40.0 (2.33) 49.6 (1.31) 56.5 (2.53) 52.9 (2.60) 51.6 (3.82) 1.8 (0.48) 3.3 (1.48) 9.1 (1.50) 29.5 (2.48) 330 to 34 years old ................................. 37.6 (2.88) 47.3 (1.41) 56.2 (2.57) 53.7 (2.18) 52.7 (2.52) 1.9 (0.66) 1.6 (0.64) 8.4 (1.28) 33.8 (2.71) 235 to 39 years old ................................. 42.1 (2.71) 47.7 (1.15) 50.1 (2.43) 54.0 (1.71) 48.6 (3.21) 0.4 (0.16) 0.7 (0.26) 6.1 (0.90) 32.6 (3.29) 040 to 44 years old ................................. 49.2 (3.28) 50.9 (1.15) 50.5 (2.43) 53.5 (1.88) 48.9 (2.43) 0.8 (0.31) 0.6 (0.23) 4.7 (0.77) 34.8 (2.30) 045 to 49 years old ................................. 40.0 (2.43) 48.7 (1.66) 49.8 (2.69) 55.4 (2.02) 49.0 (2.09) 0.6 (0.30) 0.6 (0.25) 3.2 (0.48) 37.7 (1.83) 050 to 54 years old ................................. 26.8 (3.31) 42.5 (1.38) 47.2 (2.51) 51.1 (2.22) 46.6 (2.36) 0.2 (0.11) 0.3 (0.15) 4.5 (0.75) 35.2 (2.25) 055 to 59 years old ................................. 29.0 (3.74) 32.2 (1.66) 38.0 (2.60) 44.1 (1.98) 42.2 (2.78) 0.4 (0.29) 0.4 (0.26) 1.9 (0.43) 31.9 (2.39) 060 to 64 years old ................................. 17.4 (1.90) 23.7 (1.89) 31.4 (2.83) 30.8 (2.18) 37.9 (3.00) ‡ (†) 0.4 (0.29) 0.9 (0.36) 20.9 (2.07) 0

65 to 69 years old ................................. 14.2 (2.97) 18.1 (1.46) 25.4 (2.54) 20.5 (1.74) 26.2 (2.67) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 0.5 (0.22) 8.1 (1.36) 

70 years old and over............................ 8.6 (1.25) 13.8 (1.09) 15.0 (1.38) 21.7 (1.37) 21.5 (1.44) 0.2 (0.10) ‡ (†) 0.3 (0.23) 4.0 (0.78) 

Racial/ethnic group

White..................................................... 34.1 (0.82) 41.5 (0.54) 44.4 (0.89) 47.4 (0.59) 45.6 (0.84) 0.9 (0.23) 0.2 (0.08) 4.9 (0.35) 29.1 (0.70) 0Black ..................................................... 25.9 (2.23) 37.0 (1.45) 46.3 (2.30) 43.3 (1.50) 46.4 (2.81) 1.9 (0.49) ‡ (†) 5.4 (0.97) 27.0 (2.53) 1Hispanic ................................................ 31.4 (2.63) 33.7 (1.18) 41.3 (2.51) 41.7 (2.28) 37.8 (2.43) 2.6 (0.72) 5.6 (1.22) 5.7 (1.55) 16.9 (1.72) 2

Asian..................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 48.3 (5.39) 1.2 (0.65) 2.6 (1.03) 7.6 (2.62) 27.2 (4.70) Pacific Islander...................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) Asian/Pacific Islander............................ 35.9 (5.55) 39.7 (2.92) 51.1 (4.63) 49.5 (3.81) † (†) ‡ (†) † (†) † (†) † (†) 

American Indian/Alaska Native............. 29.3 (11.55) 38.8 (4.85) 36.3 (9.16) 50.2 (8.28) 36.3 (10.17) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.4 (1.82) 23.0 (8.51) 

Two or more races ................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 39.4 (4.94) 5.1 (2.17) ‡ (†) 3.2 (1.07) 23.8 (4.06) 1

Highest level of education completed

8th grade or less ................................... 7.7 (1.44) 10.0 (1.10) 14.7 (2.92) 19.7 (2.84) 15.5 (2.47) 1.9 (0.57) 4.3 (1.70) 0.4 (0.23) 1.7 (0.55) 1

9th through 12th grade, no completion....... 15.8 (2.25) 20.2 (1.38) 25.6 (2.55) 25.5 (1.53) 27.2 (2.40) 7.9 (1.69) 1.1 (0.41) 2.1 (0.57) 7.6 (1.44) 1

High school completion......................... 24.1 (1.10) 30.7 (0.84) 34.8 (1.37) 33.9 (1.07) 33.0 (1.62) 0.5 (0.24) 0.7 (0.24) 2.5 (0.36) 17.2 (1.18) 1

Some vocational/technical .................... 34.2 (3.80) 41.9 (2.16) 41.1 (3.97) 50.7 (3.51) 43.3 (4.30) 0.5 (0.55) ‡ (†) 4.5 (1.42) 28.3 (3.71) Some college ........................................ 41.4 (1.67) 49.3 (0.92) 51.1 (1.76) 57.4 (1.29) 51.1 (1.79) 0.3 (0.18) 0.8 (0.52) 8.6 (1.06) 28.8 (1.54) 1Associate’s degree................................ 49.2 (5.82) 56.1 (1.85) 56.6 (2.93) 62.5 (2.15) 56.5 (3.64) 0.5 (0.40) 1.1 (0.51) 6.6 (1.42) 40.8 (3.27) 1Bachelor’s degree ................................. 51.1 (2.46) 56.9 (1.20) 60.3 (1.84) 64.5 (1.39) 59.8 (1.56) ‡ (†) 0.4 (0.17) 6.3 (0.82) 44.1 (1.61) 0

Some graduate work (or study)............. 55.1 (2.90) 59.9 (1.55) 63.6 (1.96) 68.9 (1.64) 66.3 (1.99) ‡ (†) 0.5 (0.32) 8.7 (0.86) 49.3 (2.15) 1

No degree ......................................... — (†) 62.2 (2.67) 64.7 (4.39) 64.2 (3.54) 65.3 (4.84) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 14.5 (2.55) 40.5 (4.68) Master’s............................................. — (†) 59.1 (1.88) 65.7 (2.64) 70.7 (2.10) 67.5 (2.59) ‡ (†) 0.9 (0.52) 8.9 (1.31) 51.4 (2.81) 1Doctor’s ............................................. — (†) 54.0 (6.99) 53.1 (4.73) 63.7 (3.98) 58.0 (4.94) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 10.1 (3.14) 34.0 (4.53) 

Professional ...................................... — (†) 65.9 (3.91) 72.5 (5.75) 72.8 (3.79) 68.2 (5.77) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 1.9 (1.01) 59.0 (6.35) 

Urbanicity

City........................................................ — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 45.8 (1.46) 1.4 (0.31) 1.6 (0.38) 5.7 (0.59) 26.3 (1.24) 1Suburban .............................................. — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 46.9 (1.33) 0.9 (0.23) 0.9 (0.36) 5.8 (0.55) 29.7 (1.26) 0Town...................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 41.8 (2.33) 2.7 (1.16) 0.4 (0.14) 4.2 (0.87) 25.6 (1.74) 0Rural ..................................................... — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) 39.5 (2.04) 0.8 (0.22) 0.3 (0.15) 3.3 (0.59) 24.2 (1.38) 1

Labor force status

In labor force......................................... 40.7 (0.96) 49.8 (0.69) 52.1 (0.94) — (†) 52.3 (0.93) 1.4 (0.32) 0.8 (0.19) 6.4 (0.39) 37.1 (0.83) 1

Employed .......................................... 42.0 (1.00) 50.7 (0.53) 52.5 (0.96) — (†) 53.4 (0.94) 1.1 (0.31) 0.7 (0.20) 6.5 (0.39) 38.8 (0.83) 1Unemployed ...................................... 26.0 (3.24) 36.6 (1.91) 44.9 (4.60) — (†) 37.8 (4.26) 5.8 (1.60) 1.9 (0.79) 5.2 (1.37) 13.5 (2.16) 2

Not in labor force................................... 15.7 (0.91) 21.3 (0.69) 24.9 (1.17) — (†) 27.6 (1.18) 1.1 (0.24) 1.3 (0.36) 2.3 (0.45) 5.7 (0.55) 0

Occupation

Executive, administrative, or 

managerial occupations.................. 49.3 (3.45) 55.8 (1.92) 57.0 (2.11) 66.2 (1.61) 64.1 (2.73) 0.2 (0.24) ‡ (†) 6.0 (1.10) 51.8 (2.82) 0

Engineers, surveyors, and architects.......... 62.6 (7.85) 65.5 (4.18) 79.8 (6.01) 68.1 (4.46) 71.2 (5.68) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 9.3 (3.21) 55.6 (5.60) 

See notes at end of table.
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.†Not applicable.‡Reporting standards not met.1Includes college and university degree programs, post-degree certificate programs, and vocational certificate programs.2For 2005, figures include “Production workers” occupations data.

NOTE: Adult education is defined as all education activities, except full-time grams. Data do not include persons enrolled in high school or below. Race caStandard errors appear in parentheses.SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education StatAE-NHES:1995, AE-NHES:1999, and AE-NHES:2005) and Adult EducaNHES:2001) of the National Household Education Surveys Program. (This ta

Natural scientists and mathematicians....... 48.2 (9.86) 72.3 (3.52) 60.5 (6.74) 74.0 (4.46) 69.1 (4.63) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 9.2 (2.49) 49.6 (5.27) 2Social scientists and workers, religious 

workers, and lawyers ...................... 55.6 (6.01) 76.6 (2.61) 79.3 (4.35) 83.5 (3.05) 77.7 (4.11) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 12.8 (3.16) 64.3 (4.42) 

Teachers, elementary/secondary.......... 56.0 (4.20) 54.8 (4.64) 66.5 (5.61) 79.9 (2.95) 79.7 (2.59) ‡ (†) 1.6 (1.00) 8.3 (3.16) 65.0 (3.99) 0Teachers: college, university, 

postsecondary institutions .............. 45.5 (8.31) 76.7 (1.98) 78.4 (3.11) 69.4 (4.60) 61.3 (6.96) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 4.7 (3.22) 49.0 (8.50) 

Health diagnosing and treating 

practitioners .................................... 67.1 (13.73) 71.1 (5.78) 79.8 (9.02) 78.5 (6.38) 88.8 (5.59) 0.6 (0.55) ‡ (†) 15.4 (2.47) 79.5 (6.59) 

Registered nurses, pharmacists,  dieticians, therapists, and  physician's assistants....................... 59.6 (6.69) 86.7 (2.47) 85.4 (4.10) 82.7 (3.83) 85.4 (4.05) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 7.9 (2.17) 78.2 (4.89) 

Writers, artists, entertainers, and 

athletes ........................................... 42.9 (6.63) 49.9 (4.37) 50.0 (6.93) 46.8 (6.03) 52.5 (6.59) 0.2 (0.23) ‡ (†) 5.4 (2.16) 27.8 (5.02) 2

Health technologists and technicians ... 68.6 (10.03) 74.8 (3.64) 66.9 (6.16) 85.6 (3.25) 72.1 (8.37) 0.2 (0.16) ‡ (†) 6.0 (2.11) 63.2 (8.67) 1Technologists and technicians, except 

health and engineering ................... 53.0 (6.49) 64.3 (2.84) 59.6 (5.07) 70.2 (3.32) 33.8 (8.53) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 7.1 (3.19) 29.1 (7.68) 

Marketing and sales occupations ......... 34.4 (2.38) 44.2 (1.34) 44.4 (2.73) 51.1 (2.10) 45.7 (3.00) 1.7 (0.59) 0.4 (0.26) 4.5 (0.88) 30.2 (2.77) 1

Administrative support occupations, 

including clerical ............................. 29.9 (1.74) 51.7 (1.25) 50.1 (2.29) 58.7 (1.72) 54.6 (2.70) 1.1 (0.53) ‡ (†) 6.6 (0.98) 33.5 (2.70) 1

Service occupations.............................. 25.2 (1.82) 46.5 (1.38) 50.9 (2.74) 49.3 (2.24) 44.7 (2.47) 1.6 (0.39) 1.9 (0.88) 6.8 (1.42) 28.5 (2.64) 1Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 

occupations..................................... 14.3 (5.19) 26.4 (3.55) 34.3 (7.16) 46.4 (6.80) 44.4 (9.02) 3.9 (3.49) 5.7 (4.02) 1.1 (0.89) 20.3 (6.92) 2

Mechanics and repairers ...................... 32.1 (4.72) 47.6 (2.70) 42.2 (5.44) 35.1 (3.40) 40.1 (5.10) 0.5 (0.40) ‡ (†) 6.0 (1.89) 27.4 (4.26) 3

Construction and extractive 

occupations..................................... 21.9 (3.38) 38.0 (2.45) 34.5 (4.78) 32.3 (3.19) 27.6 (3.73) 1.2 (0.68) 1.1 (0.49) 3.2 (1.08) 12.3 (2.54) 5

Precision production2 ............................ 31.2 (6.09) 43.0 (4.32) 38.3 (8.48) 35.1 (6.19) 33.0 (3.98) 0.5 (0.37) 0.4 (0.16) 4.2 (1.42) 22.2 (3.41) 1

Production workers ............................... 21.1 (2.31) 30.7 (1.29) 38.0 (3.47) 39.4 (2.82) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — Transportation, material moving............ 20.7 (4.69) 28.4 (2.32) 33.3 (4.25) 30.4 (3.29) 34.6 (5.27) 4.7 (3.29) 3.3 (2.35) 1.3 (0.76) 14.7 (2.63) 3Handler, equipment, cleaners, helpers, 

and laborers.................................... 20.8 (3.49) 25.1 (2.70) 19.6 (4.56) 18.2 (3.20) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

Miscellaneous occupations................... — (†) 56.6 (3.61) 43.0 (7.98) 64.9 (7.07) 39.2 (11.25) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) ‡ (†) 15.7 (5.81) 

Annual household income

$5,000 or less ....................................... 13.6 (1.70) 21.3 (1.59) 21.0 (3.22) 25.1 (2.92) 35.9 (4.83) 3.3 (2.17) 1.8 (1.04) 3.6 (1.52) 13.7 (4.00) 2

$5,001 to $10,000................................. 17.5 (2.14) 23.9 (1.37) 24.5 (3.39) 28.0 (2.74) 29.6 (4.49) 2.4 (0.92) 1.5 (0.71) 1.7 (0.81) 8.4 (2.11) 

$10,001 to $15,000............................... 22.8 (2.60) 26.7 (1.61) 22.8 (2.45) 28.6 (2.30) 25.0 (3.41) 2.4 (0.69) 0.8 (0.33) 3.3 (1.17) 11.3 (2.52) 0

$15,001 to $20,000............................... 21.9 (2.35) 31.8 (1.55) 31.4 (2.75) 30.2 (2.48) 24.3 (2.54) 1.0 (0.38) 0.5 (0.30) 3.3 (1.19) 10.1 (1.37) 2

$20,001 to $25,000............................... 26.7 (3.20) 31.4 (1.27) 35.8 (2.81) 35.2 (2.27) 28.2 (2.51) 1.7 (0.78) 1.9 (0.62) 4.4 (1.26) 12.8 (2.04) 1

$25,001 to $30,000............................... 32.1 (2.51) 37.9 (1.47) 36.7 (2.61) 38.3 (2.43) 38.6 (3.63) 1.4 (0.72) 1.3 (0.61) 6.8 (2.09) 20.2 (3.37) 0

$30,001 to $40,000............................... 35.6 (1.84) 42.7 (0.86) 45.2 (2.05) 44.6 (1.54) 42.7 (2.65) 1.9 (0.65) 1.0 (0.49) 3.7 (0.68) 22.8 (2.27) 1

$40,001 to $50,000............................... 44.8 (1.84) 46.8 (1.39) 47.9 (2.31) 49.1 (1.93) 41.4 (2.92) 1.6 (0.53) 2.4 (1.25) 2.9 (0.55) 22.4 (2.00) 1

$50,001 to $75,000............................... 46.6 (2.03) 52.0 (0.94) 55.1 (1.80) 55.7 (1.48) 47.7 (1.74) 0.4 (0.19) 0.3 (0.17) 5.8 (0.69) 33.0 (1.37) 0

More than $75,000................................ 48.7 (3.15) 58.0 (1.27) 56.9 (1.66) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — (†) — 

 $75,001 to $100,000 ........................ — (†) — (†) — (†) 59.7 (1.91) 56.4 (2.28) 2.2 (1.17) 0.3 (0.19) 7.5 (0.89) 38.6 (2.26) 1

More than $100,000.......................... — (†) — (†) — (†) 59.3 (1.82) 58.4 (2.11) ‡ (†) 0.7 (0.38) 6.1 (0.70) 39.4 (1.80) 0

Table 435. Participation rate of persons, 17 years old and over, in adult education during the previous 12 months, by selected characteristics of participants: Se

2005—Continued

Characteristic of participant

Percent taking any program, class, or course Percent taking specific programs, classes, or courses, 2

1991 1995 1999 2001 2005 

Basic skills/

General

Educational

Development

(GED) classes

English as a

second language

(ESL) classes

Part-time postsecondary

education1

Career- or jobrelated courses 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 635

APPENDIX A

Guide to Sources

Sources and Comparability 

of Data 

The information presented in this report was obtained

from many sources, including federal and state agencies, private research organizations, and professional associations.

The data were collected using many research methods,

including surveys of a universe (such as all colleges) or of a

sample, compilations of administrative records, and statistical projections. Digest users should take particular care

when comparing data from different sources. Differences in

sampling, data collection procedures, coverage of target

population, timing, phrasing of questions, scope of nonresponse, interviewer training, and data processing and coding

mean that results from different sources may not be strictly

comparable. Following the general discussion of data accuracy below, descriptions of the information sources and data

collection methods are presented, grouped by sponsoring

organization. More extensive documentation of a particular

survey’s procedures does not imply more problems with the

data, only that more information is available. 

Accuracy of Data

The joint effects of “sampling” and “nonsampling” errors

determine the accuracy of any statistic. Estimates based on a

sample will differ somewhat from the figures that would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using the

same survey instruments, instructions, and procedures. In

addition to such sampling errors, all surveys, both universe

and sample, are subject to design, reporting, and processing

errors and errors due to nonresponse. To the extent possible,

these nonsampling errors are kept to a minimum by methods

built into the survey procedures. In general, however, the

effects of nonsampling errors are more difficult to gauge than

those produced by sampling variability.

Sampling Errors

The samples used in surveys are selected from large numbers of possible samples of the same size that could have been

selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived

from the different samples would differ from each other. The

difference between a sample estimate and the average of all

possible samples is called the sampling deviation. The standard, or sampling, error of a survey estimate is a measure of

the variation among the estimates from all possible samples

and thus is a measure of the precision with which an estimate

from a particular sample approximates the average result of

all possible samples.

The sample estimate and its estimated standard error permit us to construct interval estimates with prescribed confidence that the interval includes the average result of all

possible samples. If all possible samples were selected under

essentially the same conditions and an estimate and its estimated standard error were calculated from each sample, then

(1) approximately 66.7 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the

estimate would include the average value of all possible samples; and (2) approximately 95.0 percent of the intervals constructed from two standard errors below the estimate to two

standard errors above the estimate would include the average

value of all possible samples. We call an interval from two

standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors

above the estimate a 95 percent confidence interval.

To illustrate this concept, consider the data and standard

errors appearing in table 115. For the 2009 estimate that

8.1 percent of 16- to 24-year-olds were high school dropouts, the table shows that the standard error is 0.20 percent.

The sampling error above and below the stated figure, corresponding to a 95 percent confidence interval, is approximately double (1.96) the standard error, or about 0.40

percentage points. Therefore, we can create a 95 percent

confidence interval, which is approximately 7.7 to 8.5

(8.1 percent ± 1.96 x 0.20 percent).

Analysis of standard errors can help assess how valid a

comparison between two estimates might be. The standard

error of a difference between two independent sample estimates is equal to the square root of the sum of the squared

standard errors of the estimates. The standard error (se) of the

difference between independent sample estimates a and b is 

se 2 2 1/2

a-b = (sea + seb )

It should be noted that most of the standard error estimates presented in the Digest and in the original documents

are approximations. That is, to derive estimates of standard

errors that would be applicable to a wide variety of items and

could be prepared at a moderate cost, a number of approximations were required. As a result, the standard error esti-
636 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

mates provide a general order of magnitude rather than the

exact standard error for any specific item. The preceding discussion on sampling variability was directed toward a situation concerning one or two estimates. Determining the

accuracy of statistical projections is more difficult. In general, the further away the projection date is from the date of

the actual data being used for the projection, the greater the

probable error in the projections. If, for instance, annual data

from 1970 to 2008 are being used to project enrollment in

institutions of higher education, the further beyond 2008 one

projects, the more variability there is in the projection. One

will be less sure of the 2018 enrollment projection than of

the 2008 projection. A detailed discussion of the projections

methodology is contained in Projections of Education Statistics to 2019 (National Center for Education Statistics

[NCES] 2011-017).

Nonsampling Errors

Universe and sample surveys are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors may arise when respondents or interviewers interpret questions differently; when

respondents must estimate values, or when coders, keyers,

and other processors handle answers differently; when

people who should be included in the universe are not; or

when people fail to respond (completely or partially). Nonsampling errors usually, but not always, result in an underestimate of total survey error and thus an overestimate of

the precision of survey estimates. Since estimating the

magnitude of nonsampling errors often would require special experiments or access to independent data, these nonsampling errors are seldom measured.

To compensate for nonresponse, adjustments of the sample estimates are often made. For universe surveys, an

adjustment made for either type of nonresponse, total or partial, is often referred to as an imputation, which is often a

substitution of the “average” questionnaire response for the

nonresponse. For universe surveys, imputations are usually

made separately within various groups of sample members

that have similar survey characteristics. For sample surveys,

missing cases (i.e., total nonresponse) are handled through

nonresponse adjustments to the sample weights. For sample

surveys, imputation for item nonresponse is usually made by

substituting for a missing item the response to that item of a

respondent having characteristics that are similar to those of

the nonrespondent. For more information, see the NCES Statistical Standards (NCES 2003-601).

Although the magnitude of nonsampling error in the data

compiled in this Digest is frequently unknown, idiosyncrasies

that have been identified are noted in the appropriate tables.

National Center for Education 

Statistics (NCES)

Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal 

Study

The Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B)

is based on the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study

(NPSAS) and provides information concerning education and

work experience after completing a bachelor’s degree. A special emphasis of B&B is on those entering teaching. B&B provides cross-sectional information 1 year after bachelor’s degree

completion (comparable to the information that was provided in

the Recent College Graduates study), while at the same time

providing longitudinal data concerning entry into and progress

through graduate-level education and the workforce. This information has not been available through follow-ups involving

high school cohorts or even college-entry cohorts, because

these cohorts have limited numbers who actually complete a

bachelor’s degree and continue their graduate education.

B&B followed NPSAS baccalaureate degree completers

for a 10-year period after completion, beginning with

NPSAS:93. About 11,000 students who completed their

degrees in the 1992–93 academic year were included in the

first B&B (B&B:93/94). In addition to the student data,

B&B collected postsecondary transcripts covering the

undergraduate period, which provided complete information

on progress and persistence at the undergraduate level. The

second B&B follow-up took place in spring 1997 (B&B:93/

97) and gathered information on employment history, family

formation, and enrollment in graduate programs. The third

B&B follow-up occurred in 2003 (B&B:93/03) and provided information concerning graduate study and long-term

employment experiences after degree completion.

The second B&B cohort, which was associated with

NPSAS:2000, included 11,700 students who completed

their degrees in the 1999–2000 academic year. The first and

only planned follow-up survey of this cohort was conducted

in 2001 (B&B:2000/01) and focused on time to degree completion, participation in postbaccalaureate education and

employment, and the activities of newly qualified teachers. 

The third B&B cohort, which is associated with NPSAS:08,

included 18,000 students who completed their degrees in the

2007–08 academic year. The first B&B follow-up took place in

2009, and the second B&B follow-up will take place in 2012.

Further information on B&B may be obtained from

Aurora D’Amico

Ted Socha

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

aurora.damico@ed.gov

ted.socha@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/b&b
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 637

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Beginning Postsecondary Students 

Longitudinal Study

The Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal

Study (BPS) provides information on persistence, progress,

and attainment from initial time of entry into postsecondary

education through completion and entry into the workforce.

BPS includes traditional and nontraditional (e.g., older) students and is representative of all beginning students in postsecondary education in a given year. Initially, these

individuals are surveyed in the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) during the year in which they first

begin their postsecondary education. These same students

are surveyed again 2 and 5 years later through BPS. By starting with a cohort that has already entered postsecondary

education and following it for 6 years, BPS can determine to

what extent students who start postsecondary education at

various ages differ in their progress, persistence, and attainment. The first BPS was conducted in 1989–90, with followups in 1992 and 1994. The second BPS was conducted in

1995–96, with follow-ups in 1998 and 2001. The third BPS

was conducted in 2003–04, with follow-ups in 2006 and

2009. The fourth BPS is scheduled for 2012, with followups in 2014 and 2017.

Further information on BPS may be obtained from

Aurora D’Amico

Tracy Hunt-White

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

aurora.damico@ed.gov

tracy.hunt-white@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/bps

Common Core of Data 

NCES uses the Common Core of Data (CCD) to acquire

and maintain statistical data from each of the 50 states, the

District of Columbia, the Bureau of Indian Education,

Department of Defense dependents schools (overseas and

domestic), and other jurisdictions. Information about staff

and students is reported annually at the school, local education agency (LEA) or school district, and state levels. Information about revenues and expenditures is also collected at

the state and LEA levels.

Data are collected for a particular school year via an

online reporting system open to state education agencies

during the school year. Beginning with the 2006–07 school

year, nonfiscal CCD data are collected through the Department of Education’s Education Data Exchange Network

(EDEN). Since the CCD is a universe collection, CCD data

are not subject to sampling errors. However, nonsampling

errors could come from two sources: nonresponse and inaccurate reporting. Almost all of the states submit the five

CCD survey instruments each year, but submissions are

sometimes incomplete.

Misreporting can occur when 58 education agencies compile and submit data for approximately 100,000 public

schools and over 18,000 local education agencies. Typically,

this results from varying interpretations of NCES definitions

and differing record-keeping systems. NCES attempts to

minimize these errors by working closely with the state education agencies through the National Forum on Education

Statistics.

The state education agencies report data to NCES that

come from data collected and edited in their regular reporting cycles. NCES encourages the agencies to incorporate

into their own survey systems the NCES items they do not

already collect so that these items will also be available for

the subsequent CCD survey. Over time, this has meant fewer

missing data cells in each state’s response, reducing the need

to impute data.

NCES subjects data from the state education agencies to

a comprehensive edit. Where data are determined to be

inconsistent, missing, or out of range, NCES contacts the

agencies for verification. NCES-prepared state summary

forms are returned to the agencies for verification. Each

year, states are also given an opportunity to revise their

state-level aggregates from the previous survey cycle.

The following text table lists the CCD file versions used

in the current edition of the Digest of Education Statistics:
638 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

†Not applicable. Survey not conducted.

1Data not used in current edition of Digest of Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common

Core of Data (CCD), retrieved November 1, 2010, from http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/ccddata.asp.

(This table was prepared November 2010.)

Further information on the nonfiscal CCD data may be

obtained from

Patrick Keaton

Elementary/Secondary and Library Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Cooperative System and Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

patrick.keaton@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ccd

Further information on the fiscal CCD data may be

obtained from

Frank H. Johnson

Elementary/Secondary and Library Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Cooperative System and Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

frank.johnson@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ccd

Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth 

Cohort of 2001

The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort

(ECLS-B) is designed to provide decisionmakers, researchers, child care providers, teachers, and parents with nationally representative information about children’s early

learning experiences and the transition to child care and

school. Children’s cognitive and physical development, care,

and learning experiences at home and school are measured

using standardized assessments and interviews with adults in

the children’s lives from birth through kindergarten entry.

Data were collected from a sample of about 10,700

children born in the United States in 2001, representing a

population of approximately 4 million. The children participating in the study came from diverse socioeconomic

and racial/ethnic backgrounds, with oversamples of Chinese, other Asian and Pacific Islander, American Indian/

Alaska Native, twin, and moderately low and very low

birth weight children. Children, their parents (including

nonresident and resident fathers), their child care and early

education providers, and their teachers provided information on children’s cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development across multiple settings (e.g., home, child

care, and school).

Table G. Common Core of Data (CCD) file versions used in current edition of Digest of Education Statistics: 1986–87 through 2008–09

Year

State Nonfiscal Survey of

Public Elementary and

Secondary Education

NCES Common Core of

Data State Dropout and

Completion Data

National Public

Education Financial

Survey

Local Education Agency

Universe Survey

School District Finance

Survey

Public Elementary/

Secondary School

Universe File

1986–87 (FY 1987)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 † v.1

1987–88 (FY 1988)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 † v.1

1988–89 (FY 1989)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 † v.1

1989–90 (FY 1990)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 v.1a-Final1 v.1

1990–91 (FY 1991)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 † v.1

1991–92 (FY 1992)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 v.1a-Final1 Revised

1992–93 (FY 1993)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 † v.1

1993–94 (FY 1994)........................... v.1b † v.1b-Revised v.1 † Revised

1994–95 (FY 1995)........................... v.1b † v.1b-Revised Revised v.1d-Revised1 Revised

1995–96 (FY 1996)........................... v.1b † v.1b-Revised v.1 v.1b-Revised1 v.1

1996–97 (FY 1997)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 v.1a-Final1 v.1

1997–98 (FY 1998)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1 v.1e-Revised1 v.1

1998–99 (FY 1999)........................... v.1b † v.1b-Revised v.1c v.1c-Revised1 v.1c

1999–2000 (FY 2000)....................... v.1b † v.1b-Revised v.1b v.1d-Revised1 v.1b

2000–01 (FY 2001)........................... v.1c † v.1b-Revised v.1a v.1d-Revised1 v.1a

2001–02 (FY 2002)........................... v.1c † v.1c-Revised v.1a v.1c-Revised1 v.1a

2002–03 (FY 2003)........................... v.1b † v.1b-Revised v.1a v.1b-Revised1 v.1a

2003–04 (FY 2004)........................... v.1b † v.1b-Revised v.1b v.1b-Revised1 v.1a

2004–05 (FY 2005)........................... v.1f † v.1b-Revised v.1c v.1c-Revised1 v.1b

2005–06 (FY 2006)........................... v.1b v.1b v.1b-Revised v.1a v.1a-Final1 v.1a

2006–07 (FY 2007)........................... v.1c v.1a v.1b-Revised v.1c v.1a-Final1 v.1c

2007–08 (FY 2008)........................... v.1b v.1a v.1a-Final v.1b v.1a-Final v.1b

2008–09............................................ v.1c † † v.1a † v.1b
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 639

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Information about the ECLS-B children was collected

when they were approximately 9 months old (2001–02), 2

years old (2003–04), and 4 years old/preschool age (2005–06).

Additionally, in the fall of 2006, data were collected from all

participating sample children, approximately 75 percent of

whom were in kindergarten or higher. In the fall of 2007, data

were collected from the approximately 25 percent of participating sample children who had not yet entered kindergarten or

higher in the previous collection, as well as children who were

repeating kindergarten in the 2007–08 school year.

In every round of data collection, children participated in

assessment activities and parent respondents (usually the

children’s mothers) were asked about themselves, their families, and their children. Resident fathers were asked about

themselves and their role in the ECLS-B children’s lives in

the 9-month, 2-year, and preschool collections. Similar information was collected from nonresident biological fathers in

the 9-month and 2-year collections. In addition, beginning

when the children were 2 years old, their child care and early

education providers were asked to provide information about

their own experience and training and their setting’s learning

environment. At 2 years and preschool, a subsample of children in regular nonparental care and education arrangements

had their arrangements observed to obtain information on the

quality of those arrangements. When the ECLS-B children

were in kindergarten, their teachers were asked to provide

information about children’s early learning experiences and

the school and classroom environments. Also, the beforeand after-school care and education providers of children

enrolled in kindergarten were asked to provide information

about their own experience, their training, and their setting’s

learning environment. School-level data, taken from other

NCES data sets (the Common Core of Data and the Private

School Universe Survey), and residential zip codes collected

at each wave supported community descriptions. 

Further information on the ECLS-B may be obtained from

Gail Mulligan

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Early Childhood and Household Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

gail.mulligan@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ecls/birth.asp

Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, 

Kindergarten Class of 1998–99 

The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten

Class of 1998–99 (ECLS-K) was designed to provide

detailed information on children’s early school experiences.

The study began in the fall of 1998. A nationally representative sample of 22,780 children enrolled in 1,280 kindergarten programs during the 1998–99 school year was selected

to participate in the ECLS-K. The children attended both

public and private kindergartens, and full-day and part-day

programs. The sample included children from different

racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds and oversamples of Asian and Pacific Islander children and private

school kindergartners. Base-year data were collected in the

fall and spring of the kindergarten year. Data were collected

again in the fall of first grade in 1999 (from a 30 percent subsample of schools) and the spring of first grade in 2000, and

then in the spring of third grade in 2002, the spring of fifth

grade in 2004, and the spring of eighth grade in 2007. 

From kindergarten to fifth grade, the ECLS-K included a

direct child cognitive assessment that was administered oneon-one with each child in the study. The assessment used a

computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) approach and a

two-stage adaptive testing methodology. In the eighth grade, a

two-stage adaptive paper-and-pencil assessment was administered in small groups. At kindergarten and first grade, the

assessment included three cognitive domains—reading, mathematics, and general knowledge. General knowledge was

replaced by science at the third, fifth, and eighth grades. Children’s height and weight were measured at each data collection point, and a direct measure of children’s psychomotor

development was administered in the fall of the kindergarten

year only. In addition to these measures, the ECLS-K collected information about children’s social skills and academic

achievement through teacher reports, and through student

reports at the third, fifth, and eighth grades. 

A computer-assisted telephone interview with the children’s parents/guardians was conducted at each data collection point. Parents/guardians were asked to provide key

information about the ECLS-K sample children on subjects

such as family demographics (e.g., family members, age,

relation to child, race/ethnicity), family structure (e.g.,

household members and composition), parent involvement,

home educational activities (e.g., reading to the child), child

health, parental education and employment status, and the

social skills and behaviors of their children. 

Data on the schools that children attended and their classrooms were collected through self-administered questionnaires completed by school administrators and classroom

teachers. Administrators provided information about the

school population, programs, and policies. At the classroom

level, data were collected from the teachers on the composition of the classroom, teaching practices, curriculum, and

teacher qualifications and experience. In addition, special

education teachers and related services staff provided

reports on the services received by children with disabilities.

Further information on the ECLS-K may be obtained from

Chris Chapman

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Early Childhood and Household Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

ecls@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ecls/kindergarten.asp
640 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 

The Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002) is

a longitudinal survey that is monitoring the transitions of a

national probability sample of 10th-graders in public, Catholic, and other private schools. Survey waves follow both

students and high school dropouts and monitor the transition

of the cohort to postsecondary education, the labor force,

and family formation.

In the base year of the study, of 1,220 eligible contacted

schools, 750 participated, for an overall weighted school participation rate of approximately 68 percent (62 percent

unweighted). Of 17,590 selected eligible students, 15,360 participated, for an overall weighted student response rate of

approximately 87 percent. (School and student weighted

response rates reflect use of the base weight [design weight]

and do not include nonresponse adjustments.) Information for

the study is obtained not just from students and their school

records, but also from the students’ parents, their teachers,

their librarians, and the administrators of their schools.

The first follow-up was conducted in 2004, when most

sample members were high school seniors. Base-year students who remained in their base schools were resurveyed

and tested in mathematics, along with a freshening sample to

make the study representative of spring 2004 high school

seniors nationwide. Students who were not still at their base

schools were administered a questionnaire.

The second follow-up, completed in 2006, continued to follow the sample of students into postsecondary education, the

workforce, or both. The next follow-up is scheduled for 2012.

Further information on ELS:2002 may be obtained from

John Wirt

Elementary/Secondary and Libraries Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Sample Survey Studies Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

john.wirt@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/els2002

Fast Response Survey System 

The Fast Response Survey System (FRSS) was established in 1975 to collect issue-oriented data quickly, with a

minimal burden on respondents. The FRSS, whose surveys

collect and report data on key education issues at the elementary and secondary levels, was designed to meet the data

needs of Department of Education analysts, planners, and

decisionmakers when information could not be collected

quickly through NCES’s large recurring surveys. Findings

from FRSS surveys have been included in congressional

reports, testimony to congressional subcommittees, NCES

reports, and other Department of Education reports. The findings are also often used by state and local education officials.

Data collected through FRSS surveys are representative

at the national level, drawing from a universe that is appropriate for each study. The FRSS collects data from state education agencies and national samples of other educational

organizations and participants, including local education

agencies, public and private elementary and secondary

schools, elementary and secondary school teachers and principals, and public libraries and school libraries. To ensure a

minimal burden on respondents, the surveys are generally

limited to three pages of questions, with a response burden

of about 30 minutes per respondent. Sample sizes are relatively small (usually about 1,000 to 1,500 respondents per

survey) so that data collection can be completed quickly. 

Further information on the FRSS may be obtained from

Jared Coopersmith

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Data Development Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

jared.coopersmith@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss

Condition of America’s Public School Facilities: 1999 

This report (NCES 2000-032) provides national data

about the condition of public schools in 1999 based on a survey conducted by NCES using its Fast Response Survey

System (FRSS). Specifically, this report provides information about the condition of school facilities and the costs of

bringing them into good condition; school plans for repairs,

renovations, and replacements; the age of public schools;

and overcrowding and practices used to address overcrowding. The results presented in this report are based on questionnaire data for 900 public elementary and secondary

schools in the United States. The responses were weighted to

produce national estimates that represent all regular public

schools in the United States. 

Further information on the contents of this report may be

obtained from

Jared Coopersmith

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Data Development Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

jared.coopersmith@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss

Public School Principals Report on Their Facilities

This report presents current information on the extent of

the match between the enrollment and the capacity of the

school buildings, environmental factors that can affect the

use of classrooms and school buildings, the extent and ways

in which schools use portable buildings and the reasons for

using them, the availability of dedicated rooms for particular
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 641

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

subject areas (such as science labs or music rooms), and the

cleanliness and maintenance of student restrooms. 

The survey was mailed to school principals, who were

asked to complete it themselves. The sample included 1,210

public schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

The sample was selected from the 2002–03 Common Core

of Data (CCD) Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe File, the most current available at the time of selection.

The sampling frame includes approximately 84,500 elementary/secondary schools. Data have been weighted to yield

national estimates of public elementary/secondary schools.

The unweighted response rate was 90 percent, and the

weighted response rate was 91 percent.

Further information on this survey may be obtained from

Jared Coopersmith

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Data Development Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

jared.coopersmith@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss

Internet Access in U.S. Public Schools and 

Classrooms

The Internet Access in U.S. Public Schools and Classrooms survey is part of the NCES Fast Response Survey

System (FRSS). It was designed to assess the federal government’s commitment to assist every school and classroom

in connecting to the Internet by the year 2000. In 1994,

NCES began surveying approximately 1,000 public schools

each year about their access to the Internet, access in classrooms, and, since 1996, their type of internet connections.

Later administrations of this survey were expanded to cover

emerging issues. The 2003 survey was designed to update

the questions in the 2002 survey and covered the following

topics: school connectivity, student access to computers and

the Internet, school websites, technologies and procedures to

prevent student access to inappropriate websites, and teacher

professional development on how to incorporate the Internet

into the curriculum.

In 2005, respondents were asked about the number of

instructional computers with access to the Internet, the types

of internet connections, technologies and procedures used to

prevent student access to inappropriate material on the Internet, and the availability of handheld and laptop computers

for students and teachers. Respondents also provided information on teacher professional development in integrating

the use of the Internet into the curriculum and using the

Internet to provide opportunities and information for teaching and learning.

For fall 2008, this technology study was redesigned and

expanded to incorporate surveys at the district, school, and

teacher levels. These three surveys provide complementary

information and together cover a broader range of topics than

would be possible with one survey alone. The set of 2008 surveys collected data on availability and use for a range of educational technology resources, such as district and school

networks, computers, devices that enhance the capabilities of

computers for instruction, and computer software. They also

collected information on leadership and staff support for educational technology within districts and schools.

Further information on Internet access in public schools

and classrooms may be obtained from

Jared Coopersmith

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Data Development Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

jared.coopersmith@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/frss

Federal Support for Education 

NCES prepares an annual compilation of federal funds

for education for the Digest. Data for U.S. Department of

Education programs come from the Budget of the United

States Government. Budget offices of other federal agencies

provide information for all other federal program support

except for research funds, which are obligations reported by

the National Science Foundation in Federal Funds for

Research and Development. Some data are estimated, based

on reports from the federal agencies contacted and the Budget of the United States Government.

Except for money spent on research, outlays are used to

report program funds to the extent possible. Some Digest

tables report program funds as obligations, as noted in the

title of the table. Some federal program funds not commonly

recognized as education assistance are also included in the

totals reported. For example, portions of federal funds paid to

some states and counties as shared revenues resulting from

the sale of timber and minerals from public lands have been

estimated as funds used for education purposes. Parts of the

funds received by states (in 1980) and localities (in all years)

under the General Revenue Sharing Program are also

included, as are portions of federal funds received by the District of Columbia. The share of these funds allocated to education is assumed to be equal to the share of general funds

expended for elementary and secondary education by states

and localities in the same year, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in its annual publication, Government Finances.

The share of federal funds assigned to education for the

District of Columbia is assumed to be equal to the share of the

city’s general fund expenditures for each level of education.

For the job training programs conducted by the Department of Labor, only estimated sums spent on classroom

training have been reported as educational program support.

During the 1970s, the Office of Management and Budget

(OMB) prepared an annual analysis of federal education
642 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

program support. These were published in the Budget of the

United States Government, Special Analyses. The information presented in this report is not, however, a continuation

of the OMB series. A number of differences in the two series

should be noted. OMB required all federal agencies to report

outlays for education-related programs using a standardized

form, thereby assuring agency compliance in reporting. The

scope of education programs reported in the Digest differs

from the scope of programs reported in the OMB reports.

Off-budget items such as the annual volume of guaranteed

student loans were not included in OMB’s reports. Finally,

while some mention is made of an annual estimate of federal

tax expenditures, OMB did not include them in its annual

analysis of federal education support. Estimated federal tax

expenditures for education are the difference between current federal tax receipts and what these receipts would be

without existing education deductions to income allowed by

federal tax provisions.

Recipients’ data are estimated based on Estimating Federal Funds for Education: A New Approach Applied to Fiscal Year 1980 (Miller, V., and Noell, J., 1982, Journal of

Education Finance); Federal Support for Education, various

years; and the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance

(cfda.gov). The recipients’ data are estimated and tend to

undercount institutions of higher education, students, and

local education agencies. This is because some of the federal

programs have more than one recipient receiving funds. In

these cases, the recipients were put into a “mixed recipients”

category, because there was no way to disaggregate the

amount each recipient received.

Further information on federal support for education may

be obtained from

Tom Snyder

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Annual Reports Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

tom.snyder@ed.gov 

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/AnnualReports/federal.asp

High School and Beyond Longitudinal 

Study

The High School and Beyond Longitudinal Study

(HS&B) is a national longitudinal survey of individuals who

were high school sophomores and seniors in 1980. The baseyear survey (conducted in 1980) was a probability sample of

1,015 high schools with a target number of 36 sophomores

and 36 seniors in each school. A total of 58,270 students participated in the base-year survey. Substitutions were made for

nonparticipating schools-but not for students—in those strata

where it was possible. Overall, 1,120 schools were selected

in the original sample and 810 of these schools participated in

the survey. An additional 200 schools were drawn in a

replacement sample. Student refusals and absences resulted

in an 82 percent completion rate for the survey.

Several small groups in the population were oversampled to allow for special study of certain types of schools

and students. Students completed questionnaires and took a

battery of cognitive tests. In addition, a sample of parents

of sophomores and seniors (about 3,600 for each cohort)

was surveyed.

HS&B first follow-up activities took place in the spring

of 1982. The sample for the first follow-up survey included

approximately 30,000 people who were sophomores in

1980. The completion rate for sample members eligible for

on-campus survey administration was about 96 percent.

About 89 percent of the students who left school between the

base-year and first follow-up surveys (e.g., dropouts, transfer students, and early graduates) completed the first followup sophomore questionnaire.

As part of the first follow-up survey of HS&B, transcripts

were requested in fall 1982 for an 18,150-member subsample of the sophomore cohort. Of the 15,940 transcripts actually obtained, 1,970 were excluded because the students had

dropped out of school before graduation, 800 were excluded

because they were incomplete, and 1,060 were excluded

because the students graduated before 1982 or the transcripts

indicated neither a dropout status nor graduation. Thus,

12,120 transcripts were utilized for the overall curriculum

analysis presented in this publication. All courses in each

transcript were assigned a 6-digit code based on the Classification of Secondary School Courses (a coding system developed to standardize course descriptions; see http://

nces.ed.gov/surveys/hst/courses.asp). Credits earned in each

course are expressed in Carnegie units. (The Carnegie unit is

a standard of measurement that represents one credit for the

completion of a 1-year course. To receive credit for a course,

the student must have received a passing grade—“pass,”

“D,” or higher.) Students who transferred from public to private schools or from private to public schools between their

sophomore and senior years were eliminated from public/

private analyses.

In designing the senior cohort first follow-up survey, one

of the goals was to reduce the size of the retained sample

while still keeping sufficient numbers of various racial/ethnic groups to allow important policy analyses. A total of

about 11,230 (93.6 percent) of the 12,000 people subsampled completed the questionnaire. Information was obtained

about the respondents’ school and employment experiences,

family status, and attitudes and plans.

The samples for the second follow-up, which took place

in spring 1984, consisted of about 12,000 members of the

senior cohort and about 15,000 members of the sophomore

cohort. The completion rate for the senior cohort was 91 percent, and the completion rate for the sophomore cohort was

92 percent.

HS&B third follow-up data collection activities were performed in spring 1986. Both the sophomore and senior

cohort samples for this round of data collection were the

same as those used for the second follow-up survey. The
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 643

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

completion rates for the sophomore and senior cohort samples were 91 percent and 88 percent, respectively. 

HS&B fourth follow-up data collection activities were

performed in 1992, but only surveyed the 1980 sophomore

class. They examined aspects of these students’ early adult

years, such as enrollment in postsecondary education, experience in the labor market, marriage and child rearing, and

voting behavior.

Appendix table A-1 contains the maximum number of

HS&B cases that are available for tabulations of specific

classification variables used throughout this publication.

The standard error (se) of an individual percentage (p)

based on HS&B data can be approximated by the formula

sep = DEFT [p(100 - p)/n]

1/2

where is the sample size and DEFT, the square root of the

design effect, is a factor used to adjust for the particular sample design used in HS&B. Appendix table A-2 provides the

DEFT factors for different HS&B samples and subsamples.

In evaluating a difference between two independent percentages, the standard error of the difference may be conservatively approximated by taking the square root of the sum

of the squared standard errors of the two percentages. For

example, in the 1986 follow-up of 1980 sophomores, 84.0

percent of the men and 77.2 percent of the women felt that

being successful in work was “very important,” a difference

of 6.8 percentage points. Using the formula and the sample

sizes from table A-1 and the DEFT factors from table A-2,

the standard errors of the two percentages being compared

are calculated to be

n

1.43[(84.0)(16.0)/(5,391)]1/2 = .714

1.43[(77.2)(22.8)/(5,857)]1/2 = .784

Therefore, the standard error of the difference is 

(.7142

 + .7842)

1/2 = (.510 + .615)1/2 = 1.06

The sampling error of the difference is approximately

double the standard error, or approximately 2.1 percentage

points, and the 95 percent confidence interval for the difference is 4.7 to 8.9 percentage points, or (6.8 ±1.96 x 1.06).

The standard error estimation procedure outlined above

does not compensate for survey item nonresponse, which is a

source of nonsampling error. (Table A-1 reflects the maximum number of responses that could be tabulated by demographic characteristics.) For example, of the 10,930

respondents in the 1984 follow-up survey of 1980 high

school graduates, 370, or 3.4 percent, did not respond to the

particular question on whether they had ever used a pocket

calculator. Item nonresponse varied considerably. A very low

nonresponse rate of 0.1 percent was obtained for a question

asking whether the respondent had attended a postsecondary

institution. A much higher item nonresponse rate of 12.2 percent was obtained for a question asking if the respondent had

used a micro- or minicomputer in high school. Typical item

nonresponse rates ranged from 3 to 4 percent.

The Hispanic analyses presented in this publication rely

on students’ self-identification as members of one of four

Hispanic subgroups: Mexican, Mexican-American, Chicano; Cuban; Puerto Rican, Puertorriqueño, Boricuan; or

other Hispanic ethnicities.

An NCES series of technical reports and data file user’s

manuals, available electronically, provides additional information on the survey methodology.

Further information on HS&B may be obtained from

Aurora D’Amico

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Cooperative System, Analysis, and Dissemination Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

aurora.damico@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/hsb

High School Transcript Study

High school transcript studies have been conducted since

1982 and are associated with a major NCES data collection.

The studies collect information that is contained in a student’s high school record-courses taken while attending secondary school, information on credits earned, when specific

courses were taken, and final grades. 

A high school transcript study was conducted in 2004 as

part of the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002/

2004). A total of 1,550 schools participated in the request for

transcripts, for an unweighted participation rate of approximately 79 percent. Transcript information was received on

14,920 members of the student sample (not just graduates),

for an unweighted response rate of 91 percent.

Similar studies were conducted of the coursetaking patterns of 1982, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, and 2005

high school graduates. The 1982 data are based on approximately 12,000 transcripts collected by the High School and

Beyond Longitudinal Study (HS&B). The 1987 data are

based on approximately 25,000 transcripts from 430 schools

obtained as part of the 1987 NAEP High School Transcript

Study, a scope comparable to that of the NAEP transcript

studies conducted in 1990, 1994, 1998, and 2000. The 1992

data are based on approximately 15,000 transcripts collected

by the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988

(NELS:88/92). The 2005 NAEP High School Transcript

Study collected a sample of over 26,000 transcripts from 640

public schools and 80 private schools.

Because the 1982 HS&B transcript study used a different

method for identifying students with disabilities than was

used in NAEP transcript studies after 1982, and in order to

make the statistical summaries as comparable as possible, all

the counts and percentages in this report are restricted to students whose records indicate that they had not participated in
644 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

a special education program. This restriction lowers the number of 1990 graduates represented in the tables to 20,870.

Further information on NAEP high school transcript

studies may be obtained from

Janis Brown

Assessment Division

Assessment Research, Development & Implementation Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

janis.brown@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/hst

Further information on all other high school transcript

studies may be obtained from

Carl Schmitt

Elementary/Secondary and Library Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Cooperative System & Institutional

Studies Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

carl.schmitt@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/hst

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data 

System

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS) surveys approximately 6,800 postsecondary institutions, including universities and colleges, as well as institutions offering technical and vocational education beyond

the high school level. IPEDS, which began in 1986, replaced

the Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS).

IPEDS consists of nine interrelated components that are

collected over three collection periods (fall, winter, and

spring) each year. These components obtain information

on who provides postsecondary education (institutions),

who participates in it and completes it (students), what programs are offered and what programs are completed, and

both the human and financial resources involved in the provision of institutionally based postsecondary education.

Until 2000, these components included institutional characteristics, fall enrollment, completions, salaries, finance,

and fall staff. Beginning in 2000, data were collected in the

fall for institutional characteristics and completions; in the

winter for employees by assigned position (EAP), salaries,

and fall staff; and in the spring for enrollment, student

financial aid, finances, and graduation rates. With the winter 2005–06 survey, the employees by assigned position,

fall staff, and salaries components were merged into the

human resources component. In 2007–08, the enrollment

component was broken into two separate components: 12-

month enrollment (collected in the fall) and fall enrollment

(collected in the spring).

The degree-granting institutions portion of IPEDS is a

census of colleges that award associate’s or higher degrees

and are eligible to participate in Title IV financial aid programs. Prior to 1993, data from technical and vocational

institutions were collected through a sample survey. Beginning in 1993, all data are gathered in a census of all postsecondary institutions. The tabulations on “institutional

characteristics” developed for editions of the Digest from

1993 forward are based on lists of all institutions and are not

subject to sampling errors.

The classification of institutions offering college and

university education changed as of 1996. Prior to 1996,

institutions that had courses leading to an associate’s or

higher degree or that had courses accepted for credit toward

those degrees were considered higher education institutions. Higher education institutions were accredited by an

agency or association that was recognized by the U.S.

Department of Education or were recognized directly by the

Secretary of Education. Tables, or portions of tables, that

use only this standard are noted as “higher education” in the

Digest. The newer standard includes institutions that award

associate’s or higher degrees and that are eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Tables that

contain any data according to this standard are titled

“degree-granting” institutions. Time-series tables may contain data from both series, and they are noted accordingly.

The impact of this change on data collected in 1996 was not

large. For example, tables on faculty salaries and benefits

were only affected to a very small extent. Also, degrees

awarded at the bachelor’s level or higher were not heavily

affected. The largest impact was on private 2-year college

enrollment. In contrast, most of the data on public 4-year

colleges were affected to a minimal extent. The impact on

enrollment in public 2-year colleges was noticeable in certain states, but was relatively small at the national level.

Overall, total enrollment for all institutions was about onehalf of a percent higher in 1996 for degree-granting institutions than for higher education institutions.

Prior to the establishment of IPEDS in 1986, HEGIS

acquired and maintained statistical data on the characteristics and operations of institutions of higher education.

Implemented in 1966, HEGIS was an annual universe survey of institutions accredited at the college level by an

agency recognized by the Secretary of the U.S. Department

of Education. These institutions were listed in NCES’s Education Directory, Colleges and Universities. 

HEGIS surveys collected information on institutional characteristics, faculty salaries, finances, enrollment, and degrees.

Since these surveys, like IPEDS, were distributed to all higher

education institutions, the data presented are not subject to

sampling error. However, they are subject to nonsampling

error, the sources of which varied with the survey instrument. 

The NCES Taskforce for IPEDS Redesign recognized

that there were issues related to the consistency of data definitions as well as the accuracy, reliability, and validity of
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 645

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

other quality measures within and across surveys. The

IPEDS redesign in 2000 provided institution-specific webbased data forms. While the new system shortened data processing time and provided better data consistency, it did not

address the accuracy of the data provided by institutions.

Beginning in 2003–04 with the Prior Year Data Revision System, prior-year data have been available to institutions entering current data. This allows institutions to make

changes to their prior-year entries either by adjusting the

data or by providing missing data. These revisions allow

the evaluation of the data’s accuracy by looking at the

changes made.

NCES conducted a study (NCES 2005-175) of the

2002–03 data that were revised in 2003–04 to determine the

accuracy of the imputations, track the institutions that submitted revised data, and analyze the revised data they submitted. When institutions made changes to their data, it was

assumed that the revised data were the “true” data. The data

were analyzed for the number and type of institutions making changes, the type of changes, the magnitude of the

changes, and the impact on published data. 

Because NCES imputes missing data, imputation procedures were also addressed by the Redesign Taskforce. For

the 2003–04 assessment, differences between revised values

and values that were imputed in the original files were compared (i.e., revised value minus imputed value). These differences were then used to provide an assessment of the

effectiveness of imputation procedures. The size of the differences also provides an indication of the accuracy of imputation procedures. To assess the overall impact of changes

on aggregate IPEDS estimates, published tables for each

component were reconstructed using the revised 2002–03

data. These reconstructed tables were then compared to the

published tables to determine the magnitude of aggregate

bias and the direction of this bias.

Though IPEDS provides the most comprehensive data

system for postsecondary education, there are 100 or more

entities that collect their own information from postsecondary institutions. This raises the issue of how valid IPEDS

data are when compared to education data collected by nonIPEDS sources. In the Data Quality Study, Thomson Peterson data were chosen to assess the validity of IPEDS data

because Thomson Peterson is one of the largest and most

comprehensive sources of postsecondary data available.

Not all IPEDS components could be compared to Thomson Peterson. Either Thomson Peterson did not collect data

related to a particular IPEDS component, or the data items

collected by Thomson Peterson were not comparable to the

IPEDS items (i.e., the data items were defined differently).

Comparisons were made for a selected number of data items

in five areas-tuition and price, employees by assigned position, enrollment, student financial aid, and finance. More

details on the accuracy and reliability of IPEDS data can be

found in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Data Quality Study (NCES 2005-175).

Further information on IPEDS may be obtained from

Elise Miller

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

elise.miller@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Fall (12-Month Enrollment) 

Data on 12-month enrollment are collected for award levels ranging from postsecondary certificates of less than

1 year to doctoral degrees. The 12-month period during

which data are collected is selected by the institution and can

be either July 1 through June 30 or September 1 through

August 31. Data are collected by race/ethnicity and gender

and include unduplicated headcounts and instructional activity (contact or credit hours). These data are also used to calculate a full-time-equivalent (FTE) enrollment based on

instructional activity. FTE enrollment is useful for gauging

the size of the educational enterprise at the institution. Prior

to the 2007–08 IPEDS data collection, the data collected in

the 12-Month Enrollment survey were part of the Fall

Enrollment survey (Spring data collection period). However, to improve the timeliness of the data, a separate survey

component was developed in 2007. The data are now collected in the fall for the previous academic year. 

Further information on the IPEDS 12-Month Enrollment

survey may be obtained from

Jessica Shedd 

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

jessica.shedd@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Fall (Completions) 

This survey was part of the HEGIS series throughout its

existence. However, the degree classification taxonomy was

revised in 1970–71, 1982–83, 1991–92, and 2002–03. Collection of degree data has been maintained through IPEDS.

Degrees-conferred trend tables arranged by the 2002–03

classification are included in the Digest to provide consistent

data from 1970–71 through the most recent year. Data in this

edition on associate’s and other formal awards below the baccalaureate degree, by field of study, cannot be made comparable with figures from prior to 1982–83. The nonresponse

rate does not appear to be a significant source of nonsampling

error for this survey. The response rate over the years has

been high, with the degree-granting institution response rate

at 100.0 percent and the overall response rate for non-degreegranting institutions at 99.9 percent in fall 2009. Because of
646 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

the high response rate for degree-granting institutions, nonsampling error caused by imputation is also minimal. Imputation methods and the response bias analysis for the fall 2009

survey are discussed in Postsecondary Institutions and Price

of Attendance in the United States: Fall 2009, and Degrees

and Other Awards Conferred: 2008–09, and 12-Month

Enrollment: 2008–09 (NCES 2010-161).

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

Data Quality Study (NCES 2005-175) indicated that most

Title IV institutions supplying revised data on completions

in 2003–04 were able to supply missing data for the prior

year. The small differences between imputed data for the

prior year and the revised actual data supplied by the institution indicated that the imputed values produced by NCES

were acceptable.

Further information on the IPEDS Completions survey

may be obtained from

Michelle Coon

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

michelle.coon@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Fall (Institutional Characteristics) 

This survey collects the basic information necessary to

classify institutions, including control, level, and types of

programs offered, as well as information on tuition, fees, and

room and board charges. Beginning in 2000, the survey collected institutional pricing data from institutions with firsttime, full-time, degree/certificate-seeking undergraduate

students. Unduplicated full-year enrollment counts and

instructional activity are now collected in the Fall Enrollment survey. The overall response rate was 100.0 percent

for Title IV degree-granting institutions for 2009 data.

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

Data Quality Study (NCES 2005-175) looked at tuition and

price in Title IV institutions. Only 8 percent of institutions in

2002–03 and 2003–04 reported the same data to IPEDS and

Thomson Peterson consistently across all selected data

items. Differences in wordings or survey items may account

for some of these inconsistencies.

Further information on the IPEDS Institutional Characteristics survey may be obtained from

Tara Lawley

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

tara.lawley@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Winter (Human Resources)

The IPEDS Human Resources (HR) component comprises three sections: Employees by Assigned Position

(EAP), Fall Staff, and Salaries.

Employees by Assigned Position

Data gathered by the Employees by Assigned Position

(EAP) section categorizes all employees by full- or part-time

status, faculty status, and primary function/occupational

activity. Institutions with M.D. or D.O. programs are

required to report their medical school employees separately. EAP was required of all 6,858 Title IV institutions

and administrative offices in the U.S. and other jurisdictions

for winter 2008–09 and 6,845, or 99.8 percent, responded.

The primary functions/occupational activities of the EAP

section are primarily instruction, instruction combined with

research and/or public service, primarily research, primarily

public service, executive/administrative/managerial, other

professionals (support/service), graduate assistants, technical and paraprofessionals, clerical and secretarial, skilled

crafts, and service/maintenance. 

All full-time instructional faculty classified in the EAP

full-time non-medical school part as either (1) primarily

instruction or (2) instruction combined with research and/or

public service are included in the Salaries section, unless

they are exempt.

Fall Staff

The section categorizes all staff on the institution’s payroll as of November 1 of the collection year, by employment

status (full time or part time), primary function/occupational

activity, gender, and race/ethnicity. These data elements are

collected from degree-granting and non-degree-granting

institutions; however, additional data elements are collected

from degree-granting institutions and related administrative

offices with 15 or more full-time staff. These elements

include faculty status, contract length/teaching period, academic rank, salary class intervals, and newly hired full-time

permanent staff.

The Fall Staff section, which is required only in oddnumbered reporting years, was not required during the

2008–09 HR data collection. However, of the 6,858 Title IV

institutions and administrative offices, 3,295, or 48.0 percent, did provide data in 2008–09. 

The most recent data quality study, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Data Quality Study (NCES

2005-175), found that for 2003–04 employee data items,

changes were made by 1.2 percent (77) of the institutions

that responded. All who made changes made changes that

resulted in different employee counts. For both institutional

and aggregate differences, the changes had little impact on

the original employee count submissions. A large number of

institutions reported different staff data to IPEDS and Thomson Peterson; however, the magnitude of the differences was

small—usually no more than 17 faculty members for any

faculty variable. 
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 647

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Salaries

This section collects data for full-time instructional faculty on the institution’s payroll as of November 1 of the collection year (except those in medical schools of the EAP

section, as described above), by contract length/teaching

period, gender, and academic rank. The reporting of data by

faculty status in the Salaries section is required from 4-year

degree-granting institutions and above only. Salary outlays

and fringe benefits are also collected for full-time instructional staff on 9/10- and 11/12-month contracts/teaching

periods. This section is applicable to degree-granting institutions unless exempt. 

This institutional survey was conducted for most years

from 1966–67 to 1987–88; it has been conducted annually

since 1989–90, except for 2000–01. Although the survey

form has changed a number of times during these years, only

comparable data are presented. 

Between 1966–67 and 1985–86, this survey differed

from other HEGIS surveys in that imputations were not

made for nonrespondents. Thus, there is some possibility

that the salary averages presented in this report may differ

from the results of a complete enumeration of all colleges

and universities. Beginning with the surveys for 1987–88,

the IPEDS data tabulation procedures included imputations

for survey nonrespondents. The response rate for the

2008–09 survey was 99.9 percent (4,360 of the 4,364

required institutions responded). Imputation methods and

the response bias analysis for the 2008–09 survey are discussed in Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall

2008, and Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Staff,

2008–09 (NCES 2010-165). Although data from this survey

are not subject to sampling error, sources of nonsampling

error may include computational errors and misclassification in reporting and processing. The electronic reporting

system does allow corrections to prior-year reported or

missing data, and this should help with these problems.

Also, NCES reviews individual institutions’ data for internal and longitudinal consistency and contacts institutions to

check inconsistent data.

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

Data Quality Study (NCES 2005-175) found that only 1.3

percent of the responding Title IV institutions in 2003–04

made changes to their salaries data. The differences between

the imputed data and the revised data were small and found

to have little impact on the published data.

Further information on the Human Resources component

may be obtained from 

Sabrina Ratchford

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

sabrina.ratchford@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Spring (Fall Enrollment)

This survey has been part of the HEGIS and IPEDS series

since 1966. Response rates for this survey have been relatively high, generally exceeding 85 percent. Beginning in

2000, with web-based data collection, higher response rates

were attained. In 2008–09, the overall response rate was 99.9

percent for degree-granting institutions. The response rate for

4-year private not-for-profit institutions was 99.8 percent,

while 4-year public, 4-year private-for-profit, 2-year public,

2-year private not-for-profit, and 2-year private for-profit

institutions had response rates of 100.0 percent. Imputation

methods and the response bias analysis for the 2008–09 survey are discussed in Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2008; Graduation Rates, 2002 and 2005 Cohorts;

and Financial Statistics, Fiscal Year 2008 (NCES 2010-152). 

Beginning with the fall 1986 survey and the introduction

of IPEDS (see above), the survey was redesigned. The survey

allows (in alternating years) for the collection of age and residence data. Beginning in 2000, the survey collected instructional activity and unduplicated headcount data, which are

needed to compute a standardized, full-time-equivalent

(FTE) enrollment statistic for the entire academic year. 

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

Data Quality Study (NCES 2005-175) showed that public

institutions made the majority of changes to enrollment data

during the 2004 revision period. The majority of changes were

made to unduplicated headcount data, with the net differences

between the original data and the revised data at about 1 percent. Part-time students in general and enrollment in private

not-for-profit institutions were often underestimated. The

fewest changes by institutions were to Classification of

Instructional Programs (CIP) code data. (The CIP is a taxonomic coding scheme that contains titles and descriptions of

primarily postsecondary instructional programs.) More institutions provided enrollment data to IPEDS than to Thomson

Peterson. A fairly high percentage of institutions that provided

data to both provided the same data, and among those that did

not, the difference in magnitude was less than 10 percent.

Further information on the IPEDS Fall Enrollment survey

may be obtained from

Jessica Shedd

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

jessica.shedd@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Spring (Finance)

This survey was part of the HEGIS series and has been

continued under IPEDS. Substantial changes were made in

the financial survey instruments in fiscal year (FY) 1976, FY

82, FY 87, FY 97, and FY 02. While these changes were significant, considerable effort has been made to present only
648 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

comparable information on trends in this report and to note

inconsistencies. The FY 76 survey instrument contained

numerous revisions to earlier survey forms, which made

direct comparisons of line items very difficult. Beginning in

FY 82, Pell Grant data were collected in the categories of

federal restricted grant and contract revenues and restricted

scholarship and fellowship expenditures. Finance tables for

this publication have been adjusted by subtracting the

largely duplicative Pell Grant amounts from the later data to

maintain comparability with pre-FY 82 data. The introduction of IPEDS in the FY 87 survey included several important changes to the survey instrument and data processing

procedures. Beginning in FY 97, data for private institutions

were collected using new financial concepts consistent with

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) reporting

standards, which provide a more comprehensive view of college finance activities. The data for public institutions continued to be collected using the older survey form. The data

for public and private institutions were no longer comparable and, as a result, no longer presented together in analysis

tables. In FY 01, public institutions had the option of either

continuing to report using Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) standards or using the new FASB

reporting standards. Beginning in FY 02, public institutions

had three options: the original GASB standards, the FASB

standards, or the new GASB Statement 35 standards

(GASB35). Because of the complexity of the multiple forms

used by public institutions, finance data for public institutions for some recent years are not presented in the Digest.

Possible sources of nonsampling error in the financial

statistics include nonresponse, imputation, and misclassification. The response rate has been about 85 to 90 percent for

most of the historic years presented in the Digest; however,

in more recent years, response rates have been much higher

because Title IV institutions are required to respond. The

2002 IPEDS data collection was a full-scale web-based collection, which offered features that improved the quality and

timeliness of the data. The ability of IPEDS to tailor online

data entry forms for each institution based on characteristics

such as institutional control, level of institution, and calendar system, and the institutions’ ability to submit their data

online, were two such features that improved response. The

response rate for the FY 08 Finance survey was 99.9 percent

for degree-granting institutions. Imputation methods and the

response bias analysis for the FY 08 survey are discussed in

Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2008; Graduation Rates, 2002 and 2005 Cohorts; and Financial Statistics, Fiscal Year 2008 (NCES 2010-152). 

Two general methods of imputation were used in HEGIS.

If prior-year data were available for a nonresponding institution, they were inflated using the Higher Education Price

Index and adjusted according to changes in enrollments. If

prior-year data were not available, current data were used

from peer institutions selected for location (state or region),

control, level, and enrollment size of institution. In most

cases, estimates for nonreporting institutions in HEGIS were

made using data from peer institutions.

Beginning with FY 87, IPEDS included all postsecondary

institutions, but maintained comparability with earlier surveys by allowing 2- and 4-year institutions to be tabulated

separately. For FY 87 through FY 91, in order to maintain

comparability with the historical time series of HEGIS institutions, data were combined from two of the three different

survey forms that make up IPEDS. The vast majority of the

data were tabulated from form 1, which was used to collect

information from public and private not-for-profit 2- and 4-

year colleges. Form 2, a condensed form, was used to gather

data for 2-year for-profit institutions. Because of the differences in the data requested on the two forms, several assumptions were made about the form 2 reports so that their figures

could be included in the degree-granting institution totals.

In IPEDS, the form 2 institutions were not asked to separate appropriations from grants and contracts, nor were they

asked to separate state from local sources of funding. For the

form 2 institutions, all federal revenues were assumed to be

federal grants and contracts, and all state and local revenues

were assumed to be restricted state grants and contracts. All

other form 2 sources of revenue, except for tuition and fees

and sales and services of educational activities, were

included under “other.” Similar adjustments were made to

the expenditure accounts. The form 2 institutions reported

instruction and scholarship and fellowship expenditures

only. All other educational and general expenditures were

allocated to academic support.

The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

Data Quality Study (NCES 2005-175) found that only a

small percentage (2.9 percent, or 168) of postsecondary

institutions either revised 2002–03 data or submitted data for

items they previously left unreported. Though relatively few

institutions made changes, the changes made were relatively

large—greater than 10 percent of the original data. With a

few exceptions, these changes, large as they were, did not

greatly affect the aggregate totals. 

Again, institutions were more likely to report data to

IPEDS than to Thomson Peterson, and there was a higher

percentage reporting different values among those reporting

to both. The magnitude of the difference was generally

greater for research expenditures. It is likely that the large

differences are a function of the way institutions report these

data to both entities.

Further information on the IPEDS Finance survey may be

obtained from

Craig Bowen 

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics 

1990 K Street NW 

Washington, DC 20006 

craig.bowen@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 649

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Spring (Financial Aid)

Financial aid data are collected for undergraduate students. Data are collected regarding federal grants, state and

local government grants, institutional grants, and loans. The

collected data include the number of students receiving each

type of financial assistance and the average amount of aid

received by type of aid.

Further information on the IPEDS Financial Aid survey

may be obtained from

Craig Bowen 

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics 

1990 K Street NW 

Washington, DC 20006 

craig.bowen@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Spring (Graduation Rates and Graduation Rates 

200 Percent)

Graduation rates data are collected for full-time, firsttime degree and certificate-seeking undergraduate students.

Data included are the number of students entering the institution as full-time, first-time degree or certificate-seeking

students in a particular year (cohort), by race/ethnicity and

gender; the number of students completing their program

within a time period equal to one and a half times (150 percent) the normal period of time; and the number of students

who transferred to other institutions. 

The Graduation Rates 200 Percent survey is new to the

Spring 2010 collection. Data in this survey are collected as

for the graduation rates survey, but the survey also asks for

the number of students who completed their program within

200 percent of the normal time period. This survey was

developed to fulfill requirements in the Higher Education

Opportunity Act of 2008.

Further information on the IPEDS Graduation surveys

may be obtained from

Andrew Mary

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Institutional Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics 

1990 K Street NW 

Washington, DC 20006 

andrew.mary@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds

Library Statistics

On October 1, 2007, the administration of the Public

Libraries Survey (PLS) and the State Library Agencies

(StLA) Survey was transferred to the Institute of Museum

and Library Services (IMLS) (see below). The transfer of

these surveys to IMLS is the result of the fiscal year (FY)

2007 President’s budget request.

NCES administered the Academic Libraries Survey

(ALS) on a 3-year cycle between 1966 and 1988. From 1988

through 1999, ALS was a component of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and was on a 2-

year cycle. Since FY 2000, ALS has not been a component

of IPEDS, but it remains on a 2-year cycle. ALS provides

data on about 3,700 academic libraries. In aggregate, these

data provide an overview of the status of academic libraries

nationally and statewide. The survey collects data on the

libraries in the entire universe of degree-granting institutions. Beginning with the collection of FY 2000 data, the

ALS changed to web-based data collection. ALS produces

descriptive statistics on academic libraries in postsecondary

institutions in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the

outlying areas. 

School library data were collected on the School and

Principal Surveys during the 1990–91 Schools and Staffing

Survey (SASS). The School Library Media Centers (LMC)

Survey became a component of SASS with the 1993–94

administration of the survey. Since then, the LMC Survey

has been conducted during the 1999–2000, 2003–04, and

2007–08 school years. During the 2007–08 administration,

only the public and Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) school

library media centers were surveyed. School library questions focus on facilities, services and policies, staffing, technology, information literacy, collections and expenditures,

and media equipment. New or revised topics include access

to online licensed databases, resource availability, and additional elements on information literacy.

Further information on library statistics may be obtained from

Tai Phan

Elementary/Secondary and Library Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Sample Survey Studies Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

tai.phan@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/libraries

National Adult Literacy Survey

The National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS), funded by

the U.S. Department of Education and 12 states, was created

in 1992 as a new measure of literacy. The aim of the survey

was to profile the English literacy of adults in the United

States based on their performance across a wide array of

tasks that reflect the types of materials and demands they

encounter in their daily lives.

To gather information on adults’ literacy skills, trained

staff interviewed a nationally representative sample of

nearly 13,600 individuals ages 16 and older during the first

8 months of 1992. These participants had been randomly

selected to represent the adult population in the country as a

whole. Black and Hispanic households were oversampled

to ensure reliable estimates of literacy proficiencies and to

permit analyses of the performance of these subpopulations.
650 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

In addition, some 1,100 inmates from 80 federal and state

prisons were interviewed to gather information on the proficiencies of the prison population. In total, nearly 26,000

adults were surveyed.

Each survey participant was asked to spend approximately an hour responding to a series of diverse literacy

tasks, as well as to questions about his or her demographic

characteristics, educational background, reading practices,

and other areas related to literacy. Based on their responses

to the survey tasks, adults received proficiency scores along

three scales that reflect varying degrees of skill in prose,

document, and quantitative literacy. The results of the 1992

survey were first published in a report, Adult Literacy in

America: A First Look at the Findings of the National Adult

Literacy Survey (NCES 93-275), in September 1993. See

National Assessment of Adult Literacy (below) for later surveys on adult literacy.

Further information on NALS may be obtained from

Sheida White

Assessment Division

Assessment Research, Development & Implementation

Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

sheida.white@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/naal/nals_products.asp

National Assessment of Adult Literacy

The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy

(NAAL) was conducted to measure both English literacy

and health literacy. The assessment was administered to

19,000 adults (including 1,200 prison inmates) age 16 and

over in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Components of the assessment included a background questionnaire; a prison component that assesses the literacy skills

of adults in federal and state prisons; the State Assessment

of Adult Literacy (SAAL), a voluntary survey given in

conjunction with NAAL; a health literacy component; the

Fluency Addition to NAAL (FAN), an oral reading assessment; and the Adult Literacy Supplemental Assessment

(ALSA). ALSA is an alternative to main NAAL for those

with very low scores on seven core screening questions.

NAAL assesses literacy directly through the completion of

tasks that covered quantitative literacy, document literacy,

and prose literacy. Results were reported using the following achievement levels: Below Basic, Basic, Intermediate,

and Proficient.

By comparing the 1992 NALS and 2003 NAAL results,

NAAL provides an indicator of the progress of adult literacy

in the nation.

Further information on NAAL may be obtained from

Sheida White

Assessment Division

Assessment Research, Development & Implementation

Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

sheida.white@ed.gov 

http://nces.ed.gov/naal 

National Assessment of Educational 

Progress

The National Assessment of Educational Progress

(NAEP) is a series of cross-sectional studies initially

implemented in 1969 to gather information about selected

levels of educational achievement across the country. At

the national level, NAEP is divided into two assessments:

long-term trend NAEP and main NAEP. NAEP has surveyed students at specific ages (9, 13, and 17) for the longterm trend NAEP and at grades 4, 8, and 11 or 12 for main

NAEP, state NAEP, and long-term writing NAEP. NAEP

in the early years also surveyed young adults (ages 25 to

35). The assessment data presented in this publication

were derived from tests designed and conducted by the

Education Commission of the States (from 1969 to 1983)

and by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) (from 1983

to the present).

Long-term trend

NAEP long-term trend assessments are designed to

inform the nation of changes in the basic achievement of

America’s youth. Nationally representative samples of students have been assessed in science, mathematics, and reading at ages 9, 13, and 17 since the early 1970s. Students were

assessed in writing at grades 4, 8, and 11 between 1984 and

1996. To measure trends accurately, assessment items

(mostly multiple choice) and procedures have remained

unchanged since the first assessment in each subject. Recent

trend assessments were conducted in 1994, 1996, 1999,

2004, and 2008. Approximately 26,600 students took part in

the 2008 reading assessment and 26,700 took part in the

2008 mathematics assessment. Results are reported as average scores for the nation, for regions, and for various subgroups of the population, such as racial and ethnic groups.

Data from the trend assessments are available in the most

recent report, NAEP 2008 Trends in Academic Progress

(NCES 2009-479). The next long-term trend assessment (of

reading and mathematics) is scheduled for 2012.

The 2004 NAEP long-term trend assessments marked the

end of tests designed and administered since the inception of

the assessments in 1971, marked the beginning of a modified

design that provides greater accommodations for students

with disabilities and English language learners, and limited
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 651

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

the assessments to reading and math. Science and writing are

now assessed only in main NAEP.

To ensure that the assessment results can be reported on the

same trend line, a “bridge” assessment was administered in

addition to the modified assessment in 2004. Students were

randomly assigned to take either the bridge assessment or the

modified assessment. The bridge assessment replicated the

instrument given in 1999 and used the same administrative

techniques. The 2004 modified assessment provides the basis

of comparison for all future assessments, and the bridge assessment links its results to the results from the past 30 years.

Sample sizes and overall participation rates in 2008 for

the long-term trend reading assessment were 8,600 for 9-

year-olds (95 percent), 8,400 for 13-year-olds (94 percent),

and 9,600 for 17-year-olds (88 percent). Sample sizes and

participation rates for the math assessment were 8,600 for 9-

year-olds (95 percent), 8,500 for 13-year-olds (94 percent),

and 9,600 for 17-year-olds (88 percent).

Number of participants and overall participation rates in

2004 for the long-term trend reading assessment for the

bridge group were 5,200 for 9-year-olds (81 percent), 5,700

for 13-year-olds (77 percent), and 3,800 for 17-year-olds (55

percent). For those taking the modified assessment, the sizes

and rates were 7,300 for 9-year-olds (80 percent), 7,500 for

13-year-olds (76 percent), and 7,600 for 17-year-olds (56

percent). Sample sizes and overall participation rates for the

mathematics assessment for the bridge group were 4,600 for

9-year-olds (80 percent), 4,700 for 13-year-olds (76 percent), and 4,600 for 17-year-olds (57 percent). For those taking the modified assessment, the sizes and rates were 7,500

for 9-year-olds (80 percent), 8,300 for 13-year-olds (76 percent), and 8,300 for 17-year-olds (56 percent).

Sample sizes for the reading/writing proficiency portion

of the 1999 NAEP long-term trend study were 5,790 for 9-

year-olds, 5,930 for 13-year-olds, and 5,290 for 17-yearolds. Overall participation rates were 80 percent, 74 percent,

and 59 percent, respectively. Sample sizes for the mathematics/science portion of the 1999 long-term trend study were

6,030 for 9-year-olds, 5,940 for 13-year-olds, and 3,800 for

17-year-olds. Overall participation rates were 78 percent, 73

percent, and 59 percent for 9-year-olds, 13-year-olds, and

17-year-olds, respectively.

Main

In the main national NAEP, a nationally representative

sample of students is assessed at grades 4, 8, and 12 in various academic subjects. The assessments change periodically

and are based on frameworks developed by the National

Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). Items include both

multiple-choice and constructed-response (requiring written

answers) items. Results are reported in two ways. Average

scores are reported for the nation, for participating states and

jurisdictions, and for subgroups of the population. In addition, the percentage of students at or above Basic, Proficient,

and Advanced achievement levels is reported for these same

groups. The achievement levels are developed by NAGB.

From 1990 until 2001, main NAEP was conducted for

states and other jurisdictions that chose to participate (e.g., 45

participated in 2000). Prior to 1992, the national NAEP samples were not designed to support the reporting of accurate

and representative state-level results. Separate representative

samples of students were selected for each participating jurisdiction. State data are usually available at grade 4, grade 8, or

both grades, and may not include all subjects assessed in the

national-level assessment. In 1994, for example, NAEP

assessed reading, geography, and history at the national level

at grades 4, 8, and 12; however, only reading at grade 4 was

assessed at the state level. In 1996, mathematics and science

were assessed nationally at grades 4, 8, and 12; at the state

level, mathematics was assessed at grades 4 and 8, and science was assessed at grade 8 only. In 1997, the arts were

assessed only at the national level at grade 8. Reading and

writing were assessed in 1998 at the national level for grades

4, 8, and 12 and at the state level for grades 4 and 8; civics

was also assessed in 1998 at the national level for grades 4, 8,

and 12. These assessments generally involved about 130,000

students at the national and state levels.

In 2002, under the provisions of the No Child Left Behind

Act of 2001, all states began to participate in main NAEP

and an aggregate of all state samples replaced the separate

national sample. In 2002, students were assessed in reading

and writing at grades 4, 8, and 12 for the national assessment

and at grades 4 and 8 for the state assessment. In 2003, reading and mathematics were assessed at grades 4 and 8 for

both national and state assessments.

The NAEP national samples in 2003 and 2005 were

obtained by aggregating the samples from each state, rather

than by obtaining an independently selected national sample.

As a consequence, the size of the national sample increased,

and smaller differences between scores across years or types

of students were found to be statistically significant than

would have been detected in previous assessments. 

The main NAEP assessments are conducted separately

from the long-term assessments. The 2000 mathematics

assessment was administered to 13,510 4th-graders, 15,690

8th-graders, and 13,430 12th-graders. The response rates were

96 percent for 4th-graders, 92 percent for 8th-graders, and 77

percent for 12th-graders. The 2003 mathematics assessment

was administered to 190,150 4th-graders and 153,190 8thgraders. About 172,000 4th-graders, 162,000 8th-graders, and

over 21,000 12th-graders participated in the 2005 assessment.

The 2007 math assessment was administered to approximately 197,700 4th-graders and 153,000 8th-graders. The

response rates were 95 percent and 92 percent, respectively.

The 2009 math assessment was administered to approximately 168,800 4th-graders and 161,700 8th-graders. The

response rates were 95 percent and 93 percent, respectively.

In 2000, a reading assessment was administered to 77,910

4th-graders. The response rate was 96 percent. In 2002, a

reading assessment was administered to 140,490 4th-graders,

115,180 8th-graders, and 14,720 12th-graders. The 2003

reading assessment was administered to 187,580 4th-graders

and 155,180 8th-graders. Over 165,000 4th-graders, 159,000
652 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

8th-graders, and 21,000 12th-graders participated in the

assessment in 2005. The 2007 reading assessment was

administered to approximately 191,000 4th-graders and

160,700 8th-graders. The response rates were 95 percent and

92 percent, respectively. The 2009 reading assessment was

administered to approximately 178,800 4th-graders and

160,900 8th-graders. The response rates were 95 percent and

93 percent, respectively.

In 1995–96, a science assessment was administered to

7,310 4th-graders, 7,770 8th-graders, and 7,540 12th-graders. The response rates were 94 percent for the 4th-graders,

94 percent for the 8th-graders, and 93 percent for the 12thgraders. In 2000, a science assessment was administered to

16,750 4th-graders, 16,840 8th-graders, and 15,880 12thgraders. The response rates were 96 percent for the 4th-graders, 92 percent for the 8th-graders, and 76 percent for the

12th-graders. More than 300,000 students in grades 4, 8, and

12 participated in the 2005 science assessment.

The 1993–94 geography assessment was administered to

5,510 4th-graders, 6,880 8th-graders, and 6,230 12th-graders. The response rates for the assessment were 93 percent

for the 4th-graders, 93 percent for the 8th-graders, and 90

percent for the 12th-graders. The 2000–01 geography

assessment was administered to 7,780 4th-graders, 10,040

8th-graders, and 9,660 12th-graders. The response rates

were 95 percent for the 4th-graders, 93 percent for the 8thgraders, and 77 percent for the 12th-graders. The next geography assessment is scheduled for 2009–10.

The 1997–98 writing assessment was administered to

19,820 4th-graders, 20,590 8th-graders, and 19,510 12thgraders. The response rates were 95 percent for the 4th-graders, 92 percent for the 8th-graders, and 80 percent for the

12th-graders. The 2002 writing assessment was administered

to 139,200 4th-graders, 118,500 8th-graders, and 18,500

12th-graders. The 2007 writing assessment was administered

to 139,900 8th-graders and 27,900 12th-graders with

response rates of 92 percent and 80 percent, respectively.

The 2006 U.S. history assessment, the first since 2001,

was administered to over 29,000 students in grades 4, 8, and

12 nationwide. Students in public, private, Department of

Defense, and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools were assessed.

The 2006 civics assessment was administered to approximately 25,000 students in grades 4, 8, and 12 nationwide.

The response rates for the respective grades were 95 percent,

92 percent, and 72 percent. The previous civics assessment

was in 1998.

In 2006, the first economics assessment was administered

at grade 12. Results are based on a nationally representative

sample of 11,500 12th-graders from 590 public and private

schools. The student participation rate was 72 percent for public school students and 87 percent for private school students.

Trial Urban District Assessments 

The Trial Urban District Assessment (TUDA) is designed

to explore the feasibility of using NAEP to report on the performance of public school students at the district level.

NAEP has administered the mathematics, reading, science,

and writing assessments to samples of students in selected

urban district public schools since 2002. The purpose of the

TUDA is to allow reporting of NAEP results for large urban

school districts and to allow the NAEP program to evaluate

the usefulness of NAEP data to cities of different sizes and

demographic compositions. The number of urban school

districts participating has grown from 6 in 2002 to 18 in

2009. School districts vary in terms of whether the charter

schools within their boundaries are independent of the districts. In 2007, charter schools were included in the TUDA

district results if they were listed as part of the district’s

Local Education Agency in the NCES Common Core of

Data. In 2009, charter schools were included in TUDA district results if they contribute to the district’s AYP results as

part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This

change had little or no impact on the 2007–09 average score

differences of the TUDA districts. Most TUDA districts

have higher combined percentages of Black and Hispanic

students as well as higher percentages of low-income students than the nation as a whole.

All charter schools were included in the 2007 assessment

if they were listed in the districts’ Common Core of Data;

however, in 2009 only those charter schools whose results

were included in the Adequate Yearly Progress report were

included in the TUDA results. This change had little or no

impact on the 2007–09 average score differences, except for

the District of Columbia at grade 8 for mathematics. The

District of Columbia’s 2007 grade 8 sample included 20

charter schools. All charter schools in the District of Columbia are independent of the school district, and none were

included in their TUDA sample in 2009. The change in

scores for the District of Columbia Public Schools that

would have resulted from using comparable sample frames,

i.e., excluding charter schools from the NAEP sample in

both years, would have resulted in a statistically significant

increase from 244 in 2007 to 251 in 2009, rather than the

nonsignificant change from 248 to 251.

Information from NAEP is subject to both nonsampling

and sampling errors. Two possible sources of nonsampling

error are nonparticipation and instrumentation. Certain populations have been oversampled to ensure samples of sufficient

size for analysis. Instrumentation nonsampling error could

result from failure of the test instruments to measure what is

being taught and, in turn, what the students are learning. 

Further information on NAEP may be obtained from

Steven Gorman

Assessment Division

State Support and Constituency Outreach

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

steven.gorman@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard 
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 653

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

National Education Longitudinal Study of 

1988

The National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988

(NELS:88) was the third major secondary school student

longitudinal study conducted by NCES. The two studies that

preceded NELS:88—the National Longitudinal Study of the

High School Class of 1972 (NLS:72) and the High School

and Beyond Longitudinal Study (HS&B) in 1980—surveyed high school seniors (and sophomores in HS&B)

through high school, postsecondary education, and work and

family formation experiences. Unlike its predecessors,

NELS:88 began with a cohort of 8th-grade students. In

1988, some 25,000 8th-graders, their parents, their teachers,

and their school principals were surveyed. Follow-ups were

conducted in 1990 and 1992, when a majority of these students were in the 10th and 12th grades, respectively, and

then 2 years after their scheduled high school graduation, in

1994. A fourth follow-up was conducted in 2000. 

NELS:88 was designed to provide trend data about critical transitions experienced by young people as they develop,

attend school, and embark on their careers. It complements

and strengthens state and local efforts by furnishing new

information on how school policies, teacher practices, and

family involvement affect student educational outcomes

(i.e., academic achievement, persistence in school, and participation in postsecondary education). For the base year,

NELS:88 included a multifaceted student questionnaire,

four cognitive tests, a parent questionnaire, a teacher questionnaire, and a school questionnaire.

In 1990, when most of the students were in 10th grade, students, school dropouts, their teachers, and their school principals were surveyed. (Parents were not surveyed in the 1990

follow-up.) In 1992, when most of the students were in 12th

grade, the second follow-up conducted surveys of students,

dropouts, parents, teachers, and school principals. Also, information from the students’ transcripts was collected. The 1994

survey data were collected when most sample members had

completed high school. The primary goals of the 1994 survey

were (1) to provide data for trend comparisons with NLS:72

and HS&B; (2) to address issues of employment and postsecondary access and choice; and (3) to ascertain how many

dropouts had returned to school and by what route. The 2000

follow-up examined the educational and labor market outcomes of the 1988 cohort at a time of transition. Most had

been out of high school 8 years; many had completed their

postsecondary educations, were embarking on first or even

second careers, and were starting families.

Further information on NELS:88 may be obtained from

Jeffrey Owings

Elementary/Secondary and Library Studies Division

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

jeffrey.owings@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/nels88

National Household Education Surveys 

Program

The National Household Education Surveys Program

(NHES) is a data collection system that is designed to address

a wide range of education-related issues. Surveys have been

conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2003,

2005, and 2007. NHES targets specific populations for

detailed data collection. It is intended to provide more

detailed data on the topics and populations of interest than are

collected through supplements to other household surveys.

The topics addressed by NHES:1991 were early childhood education and adult education. About 60,000 households were screened for NHES:1991. In the Early Childhood

Education Survey, about 14,000 parents/guardians of 3- to

8-year-olds completed interviews about their children’s

early educational experiences. Included in this component

were participation in nonparental care/education; care

arrangements and school; and family, household, and child

characteristics. In the NHES:1991 Adult Education Survey,

about 9,800 people 16 years of age and older, identified as

having participated in an adult education activity in the previous 12 months, were questioned about their activities.

Data were collected on programs and up to four courses,

including the subject matter, duration, sponsorship, purpose,

and cost. Information on the household and the adult’s background and current employment was also collected.

In NHES:1993, nearly 64,000 households were screened.

Approximately 11,000 parents of 3- to 7-year-olds completed interviews for the School Readiness Survey. Topics

included the developmental characteristics of preschoolers;

school adjustment and teacher feedback to parents for kindergartners and primary students; center-based program participation; early school experiences; home activities with

family members; and health status. In the School Safety and

Discipline Survey, about 12,700 parents of children in

grades 3 to 12 and about 6,500 youth in grades 6 to 12 were

interviewed about their school experiences. Topics included

the school learning environment, discipline policy, safety at

school, victimization, the availability and use of alcohol/

drugs, and alcohol/drug education. Peer norms for behavior

in school and substance use were also included in this topical

component. Extensive family and household background

information was collected, as well as characteristics of the

school attended by the child. 

In NHES:1995, the Early Childhood Program Participation Survey and the Adult Education Survey were similar to

those fielded in 1991. In the Early Childhood component,

about 14,000 parents of children from birth to third grade

were interviewed out of 16,000 sampled, for a completion

rate of 90 percent. In the Adult Education Survey, about

25,000 adults were sampled and 80 percent (20,000) completed the interview.

NHES:1996 covered parent and family involvement in

education and civic involvement. Data on homeschooling

and school choice also were collected. The 1996 survey

screened about 56,000 households. For the Parent and Family
654 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Involvement in Education Survey, nearly 21,000 parents of

children in grades 3 to 12 were interviewed. For the Civic

Involvement Survey, about 8,000 youth in grades 6 to 12,

about 9,000 parents, and about 2,000 adults were interviewed. The 1996 survey also addressed public library use.

Adults in almost 55,000 households were interviewed to support state-level estimates of household public library use.

NHES:1999 collected end-of-decade estimates of key

indicators from the surveys conducted throughout the 1990s.

Approximately 60,000 households were screened for a total

of about 31,000 interviews with parents of children from

birth through grade 12 (including about 6,900 infants, toddlers, and preschoolers) and adults age 16 or older not

enrolled in grade 12 or below. Key indicators included participation of children in nonparental care and early childhood

programs, school experiences, parent/family involvement in

education at home and at school, youth community service

activities, plans for future education, and adult participation

in educational activities and community service.

NHES:2001 included two surveys that were largely

repeats of similar surveys included in earlier NHES collections. The Early Childhood Program Participation Survey

was similar in content to the Early Childhood Program Participation Survey fielded as part of NHES:1995, and the

Adult Education and Lifelong Learning Survey was similar

in content to the Adult Education Survey of NHES:1995. The

Before- and After-School Programs and Activities Survey,

while containing items fielded in earlier NHES collections,

had a number of new items that collected information about

what school-age children were doing during the time they

spent in child care or in other activities, what parents were

looking for in care arrangements and activities, and parent

evaluations of care arrangements and activities. Parents of

approximately 6,700 children from birth through age 6 who

were not yet in kindergarten completed Early Childhood Program Participation Survey interviews. Nearly 10,900 adults

completed Adult Education and Lifelong Learning Survey

interviews, and parents of nearly 9,600 children in kindergarten through grade 8 completed Before- and After-School Programs and Activities Survey interviews. 

NHES:2003 included two surveys: the Parent and Family

Involvement in Education Survey and the Adult Education

for Work-Related Reasons Survey (the first administration).

Whereas previous adult education surveys were more general in scope, this survey had a narrower focus on occupation-related adult education programs. It collected in-depth

information about training and education in which adults

participated specifically for work-related reasons, either to

prepare for work or a career or to maintain or improve workrelated skills and knowledge they already had. The Parent

and Family Involvement Survey expanded on the first survey fielded on this topic in 1996. In 2003, screeners were

completed with 32,050 households. About 12,700 of the

16,000 sampled adults completed the Adult Education for

Work-Related Reasons Survey, for a response rate of 76 percent. For the Parent and Family Involvement in Education

Survey, interviews were completed by the parents of about

12,400 of the 14,900 sampled children in kindergarten

through grade 12, yielding a unit response rate of 83 percent.

NHES:2005 included surveys that covered adult education, early childhood program participation, and after-school

programs and activities. Data were collected from about

8,900 adults for the Adult Education Survey, from parents of

about 7,200 children for the Early Childhood Program Participation Survey, and from parents of nearly 11,700 children for the After-School Programs and Activities Survey.

These surveys were substantially similar to the surveys conducted in 2001, with the exceptions that the Adult Education

Survey addressed a new topic, informal learning activities

for personal interest, and the Early Childhood Program Participation Survey and After-School Programs and Activities

Survey did not collect information about before-school care

for school-age children.

NHES:2007 fielded the Parent and Family Involvement

in Education Survey and the School Readiness Survey.

These surveys were similar in design and content to surveys

included in the 2003 and 1993 collections, respectively.

New features added to the Parent and Family Involvement

Survey were questions about supplemental education services provided by schools and school districts (including use

of and satisfaction with such services), as well as questions

that would efficiently identify the school attended by the

sampled students. New features added to the School Readiness Survey were questions that collected details about TV

programs watched by the sampled children. For the Parent

and Family Involvement Survey, interviews were completed

with parents of 10,680 sampled children in kindergarten

through grade 12, including 10,370 students enrolled in public or private schools and 310 homeschooled children. For

the School Readiness Survey, interviews were completed

with parents of 2,630 sampled children ages 3 to 6 and not

yet in kindergarten. Parents who were interviewed about

children in kindergarten through second grade for the Parent

and Family Involvement Survey were also asked some questions about these children’s school readiness.

Further information on NHES may be obtained from

Andrew Zukerberg

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Early Childhood and Household Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

andrew.zukerberg@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/nhes

National Longitudinal Study of the High 

School Class of 1972

The National Longitudinal Study of the High School

Class of 1972 (NLS:72) began with the collection of baseyear survey data from a sample of about 19,000 high school

seniors in the spring of 1972. Five follow-up surveys of
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 655

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

these students were conducted in 1973, 1974, 1976, 1979,

and 1986. NLS:72 was designed to provide the education

community with information on the transitions of young

adults from high school through postsecondary education

and the workplace.

In addition to the follow-ups, a number of supplemental

data collection efforts were made. For example, a Postsecondary Education Transcript Study (PETS) was conducted

in 1984; in 1986, the fifth follow-up included a supplement

for those who became teachers.

The sample design for NLS:72 was a stratified, twostage probability sample of 12th-grade students from all

schools, public and private, in the 50 states and the District

of Columbia during the 1971–72 school year. During the

first stage of sampling, about 1,070 schools were selected

for participation in the base-year survey. As many as 18

students were selected at random from each of the sample

schools. The sizes of both the school and student samples

were increased during the first follow-up survey. Beginning with the first follow-up and continuing through the

fourth follow-up, about 1,300 schools participated in the

survey and slightly fewer than 23,500 students were sampled. The response rates for each of the different rounds of

data collection were 80 percent or higher.

Sample retention rates across the survey years were quite

high. For example, of the individuals responding to the baseyear questionnaire, the percentages who responded to the

first, second, third, and fourth follow-up questionnaires were

about 94, 93, 89, and 83 percent, respectively.

Further information on NLS:72 may be obtained from

Aurora D’Amico

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Cooperative System, Analysis, and Dissemination Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

aurora.damico@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/nls72

National Postsecondary Student Aid 

Study

The National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS)

is a comprehensive nationwide study of how students and

their families pay for postsecondary education. It covers

nationally representative samples of undergraduates, graduates, and first-professional students in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, including students

attending less-than-2-year institutions, community colleges,

4-year colleges, and major universities. Participants include

students who do not receive aid and those who do receive

financial aid. Study results are used to help guide future federal policy regarding student financial aid. NPSAS was conducted every 3 years. Beginning with the 1999–2000 study,

NPSAS is conducted every 4 years. NPSAS:08 included a

new set of instrument items to obtain baseline measures of

the awareness of two new federal grants introduced in 2006:

the Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG) and the

National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent

(SMART) grant. 

The first NPSAS was conducted during the 1986–87

school year. Data were gathered from about 1,100 colleges,

universities, and other postsecondary institutions; 60,000

students; and 14,000 parents. These data provided information on the cost of postsecondary education, the distribution

of financial aid, and the characteristics of both aided and

nonaided students and their families.

For NPSAS:93, information on 77,000 undergraduates and

graduate students enrolled during the school year was collected at 1,000 postsecondary institutions. The sample

included students who were enrolled at any time between July

1, 1992, and June 30, 1993. About 66,000 students and a subsample of their parents were interviewed by telephone.

NPSAS:96 contained information on more than 48,000 undergraduate and graduate students from about 1,000 postsecondary institutions who were enrolled at any time during the

1995–96 school year. NPSAS:2000 included nearly 62,000

students (50,000 undergraduates and almost 12,000 graduate

students) from 1,000 postsecondary institutions. NPSAS:04

collected data on about 80,000 undergraduates and 11,000

graduate students from 1,400 postsecondary institutions. For

NPSAS:08, about 114,000 undergraduate students and 14,000

graduate students who were enrolled in postsecondary education during the 2007–08 school year were selected from more

than 1,730 postsecondary institutions. The next cycle of

NPSAS is scheduled for the 2011–12 school year.

Further information on NPSAS may be obtained from

Aurora D’Amico 

Tracy Hunt-White

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

aurora.damico@ed.gov

tracy.hunt-white@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/npsas

National Study of Postsecondary Faculty

The National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF)

was designed to provide data about faculty to postsecondary

researchers, planners, and policymakers. NSOPF is the most

comprehensive study of faculty in postsecondary education

institutions ever undertaken.

The first cycle of NSOPF (NSOPF:88) was conducted by

NCES with support from the National Endowment for the

Humanities (NEH) in 1987–88 with a sample of 480 colleges and universities, over 3,000 department chairpeople,

and over 11,000 instructional faculty. The second cycle of

NSOPF (NSOPF:93) was conducted by NCES with support

from NEH and the National Science Foundation in 1992–93.
656 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

NSOPF:93 was limited to surveys of institutions and faculty,

but with a substantially expanded sample of 970 colleges

and universities and 31,350 faculty and instructional staff.

The third cycle, NSPOF:99, included 960 degree-granting

postsecondary institutions and approximately 18,000 faculty

and instructional staff. The fourth cycle of NSOPF was conducted in 2003–04 and included 1,080 degree-granting postsecondary institutions and approximately 26,000 faculty and

instructional staff. 

Further information on NSOPF may be obtained from

Aurora D’Amico

Linda J. Zimbler

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Longitudinal and Sample Studies Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

aurora.damico@ed.gov

linda.zimbler@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/nsopf

Private School Universe Survey

The purposes of the Private School Universe Survey

(PSS) data collection activities are (1) to build an accurate

and complete list of private schools to serve as a sampling

frame for NCES sample surveys of private schools and (2) to

report data on the total number of private schools, teachers,

and students in the survey universe. Begun in 1989, the PSS

has been conducted every 2 years, and data for the 1989–90,

1991–92, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1997–98, 1999–2000,

2001–02, 2003–04, 2005–2006, and 2007–08 school years

have been released.

The PSS produces data similar to that of the CCD for

public schools, and can be used for public-private comparisons. The data are useful for a variety of policy and researchrelevant issues, such as the growth of religiously affiliated

schools, the number of private high school graduates, the

length of the school year for various private schools, and the

number of private school students and teachers.

The target population for this universe survey is all private schools in the United States that meet the PSS criteria of

a private school (i.e., the private school is an institution that

provides instruction for any of grades K through 12, has one

or more teachers to give instruction, is not administered by a

public agency, and is not operated in a private home). The

survey universe is composed of schools identified from a

variety of sources. The main source is a list frame initially

developed for the 1989–90 PSS. The list is updated regularly

by matching it with lists provided by nationwide private

school associations, state departments of education, and

other national guides and sources that list private schools.

The other source is an area frame search in approximately

124 geographic areas, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Further information on the PSS may be obtained from

Steve Broughman

Elementary/Secondary and Libraries Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Sample Survey Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

stephen.broughman@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss

Projections of Education Statistics

Since 1964, NCES has published projections of key statistics for elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher education. The latest report is titled

Projections of Education Statistics to 2019 (NCES 2011-

017). These projections include statistics for enrollments,

instructional staff, graduates, earned degrees, and expenditures. These reports include several alternative projection

series and a methodology section describing the techniques

and assumptions used to prepare them. Data in this edition

of the Digest reflect the middle alternative projection series,

except where specifically noted.

Differences between the reported and projected values are,

of course, almost inevitable. An evaluation of past projections

revealed that, at the elementary and secondary level, projections of enrollments have been quite accurate: mean absolute

percentage differences for enrollment ranged from 0.3 to 1.3

percent for projections from 1 to 5 years in the future, while

those for teachers were less than 3 percent. At the higher education level, projections of enrollment have been fairly accurate: mean absolute percentage differences were 5 percent or

less for projections from 1 to 5 years into the future.

Further information on Projections of Education Statistics may be obtained from

William Hussar

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Annual Reports Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

william.hussar@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/annuals

Recent College Graduates Study

Between 1976 and 1991, NCES conducted periodic surveys of baccalaureate and master’s degree recipients 1 year

after graduation with the Recent College Graduates (RCG)

Study. The RCG Study—which has been replaced by the

Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B) (see

listing above)—concentrated on those graduates entering the

teaching profession. The study linked respondents’ major

field of study with outcomes such as whether the respondent

entered the labor force or was seeking additional education.
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 657

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Labor force data collected included employment status

(unemployed, employed part time, or employed full time),

occupation, salary, career potential, relation to major field of

study, and need for a college degree. To obtain accurate

results on teachers, graduates with a major in education were

oversampled. The last two studies oversampled education

majors and increased the sampling of graduates with majors

in other fields. 

For each of the selected institutions, a list of graduates by

major field of study was obtained, and a sample of graduates

was drawn by major field of study. Graduates in certain major

fields of study (e.g., education, mathematics, and physical sciences) were sampled at higher rates than were graduates in

other fields. Roughly 1 year after graduation, the sample of

graduates was located, contacted by mail or telephone, and

asked to respond to the questionnaire. 

The locating process was more detailed than that in

most surveys. Nonresponse rates were directly related to

the time, effort, and resources used in locating graduates,

rather than to graduates’ refusals to participate. Despite the

difficulties in locating graduates, RCG response rates are

comparable to studies that do not face problems locating

their sample membership.

The 1976 study of 1974–75 college graduates was the first,

and smallest, of the series. The sample consisted of about 210

schools, of which 200 (96 percent) responded. Of the approximately 5,850 graduates in the sample, 4,350 responded, for a

response rate of 79 percent. 

The 1981 study was somewhat larger, covering about 300

institutions and 15,850 graduates. Responses were obtained

from 280 institutions, for an institutional response rate of 95

percent, and from 9,310 graduates (about 720 others were

found not to meet eligibility requirements), for a response rate

of 74 percent.

The 1985 study sampled about 400 colleges and 18,740

graduates, of whom 17,850 were found to be eligible.

Responses were obtained from 13,200 graduates, for a

response rate of 78 percent. The response rate for colleges was

98 percent. The 1987 study sampled 21,960 graduates.

Responses were received from 16,880, for a response rate of

nearly 80 percent. 

The 1991 study sampled about 18,140 graduates of 400

bachelor’s and master’s degree-granting institutions, including 16,170 bachelor’s degrees recipients and 1,960 master’s

degree recipients receiving diplomas between July 1, 1989,

and June 30, 1990. Random samples of graduates were

selected from lists stratified by field of study. Graduates in

education, mathematics, and the physical sciences were sampled at a higher rate, as were graduates of various racial/ethnic

groups, to provide a sufficient number of these graduates for

analysis purposes. The graduates included in the sample were

selected in proportion to the institution’s number of graduates.

The institutional response rate was 95 percent, and the graduate response rate was 83 percent. 

Appendix table A-3 contains respondent counts for number of graduates, by field of study, for the 1976, 1981, 1985,

1987, and 1991 surveys.

Further information on the RCG Study may be obtained from

Aurora D’Amico

Postsecondary, Adult, and Career Education Division

Postsecondary Cooperative System, Analysis, and Dissemination Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

aurora.damico@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/b&b

School Survey on Crime and Safety 

The most recent School Survey on Crime and Safety

(SSOCS) for which data are available was conducted by

NCES in spring/summer of the 2007–08 school year. SSOCS

focuses on incidents of specific crimes/offenses and a variety

of specific discipline issues in public schools. It also covers

characteristics of school policies, school violence prevention

programs and policies, and school characteristics that have

been associated with school crime. The survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of regular

public elementary, middle, and high schools in the 50 states

and the District of Columbia. Special education, alternative,

and vocational schools; schools in the other jurisdictions; and

schools that taught only prekindergarten, kindergarten, or

adult education were not included in the sample. 

The sampling frame for the 2008 SSOCS was constructed from the public school universe file created for the

2007–08 Schools and Staffing Survey, which was derived

from the 2005–06 Common Core of Data (CCD) Public

Elementary/Secondary School Universe File. The sample

was stratified by instructional level, type of locale (urbanicity), and enrollment size. The sample of schools in each

instructional level was allocated to each of the 16 cells

formed by the cross-classification of the four categories of

enrollment size and four types of locale. The sample was

allocated to each subgroup in proportion to the sum of the

square roots of the total student enrollment in each school in

that stratum. The effective sample size within each stratum

was then inflated to account for nonresponse. Once the final

sample sizes were determined for each of the 64 strata, the

subgroups were sorted by region and racial/ethnic composition of enrollment, and an initial sample of 3,480 schools

was selected. Of those schools, 2,560 completed the survey.

In February 2008, questionnaires were mailed to school

principals, who were asked to complete the survey or to

have it completed by the person at the school most knowledgeable about discipline issues. The weighted overall

response rate was 77.2 percent, and item nonresponse rates

ranged from 0 to 28.0 percent. A nonresponse bias analysis

was conducted on the 13 items with weighted item nonresponse rates greater than 15 percent, and it was determined

that the increased potential for bias in these items was not

enough to warrant their exclusion from the data file.

Weights were developed to adjust for the variable probabil-
658 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

ities of selection and differential nonresponse and can be

used to produce national estimates for regular public

schools in the 2007–08 school year. 

For more information about the SSOCS, contact

Monica Hill

Elementary/Secondary and Libraries Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Sample Survey Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

monica.hill@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ssocs

Schools and Staffing Survey

The Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) is a set of

linked questionnaires used to collect data on the nation’s

public and private elementary and secondary teaching

force, characteristics of schools and school principals,

demand for teachers, and school/school district policies.

SASS data are collected through a mail questionnaire with

telephone follow-up. SASS was first conducted for NCES

by the Census Bureau during the 1987–88 school year.

SASS subsequently was conducted in 1990–91, 1993–94,

1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08. The 1990–91,

1993–94, 1999–2000, 2003–04, and 2007–08 SASS also

obtained data on Bureau of Indian Education (BIE)

schools (schools funded or operated by the BIE). The universe of charter schools in operation in 1998–99 was given

the Charter School Questionnaire to complete as part of

the 1999–2000 SASS. In subsequent SASS administrations, charter schools were not administered a separate

questionnaire, but were included in the public school sample. Another change in the 2003–04 administration

included a revised data collection methodology using a

primary in-person contact with the school with the aim of

reducing the field follow-up phase. Also, school library

media centers were surveyed only in the public and BIE

schools. (See discussion on the School Library Media

Centers Survey in “Library Statistics Program,” above.)

The 2007–08 SASS estimates are based on a sample consisting of approximately 9,800 public schools, 2,940 private

schools, and 180 BIE schools. The public school sample for

the 2007–08 SASS was based on an adjusted public school

universe file from the 2005–06 Common Core of Data

(CCD), a database of all the nation’s public school districts

and public schools. The sampling frame includes regular

public schools, Department of Defense-operated military

base schools in the United States, and other schools such as

special education, vocational, and alternative schools. SASS

is designed to provide national estimates for public and private school characteristics and state estimates for school districts, public schools, principals, and teachers. In addition,

the teacher survey is designed to allow comparisons between

new and experienced teachers and between bilingual/English as a second language (ESL) teachers and other teachers. 

The BIE sample consisted of all BIE schools that met the

SASS definition of a school.

The private school sample for the 2007–08 SASS was

selected from the 2005–06 Private School Universe Survey,

supplemented with updates from state lists collected by the

Census Bureau and lists by private school associations and

religious denominations. Private school estimates are available at the national level and by private school affiliation.

In 2007–08, the weighted response rate for the Public

School District Questionnaire was 87.8 percent. Weighted

response rates for the Public School Principal Questionnaire,

the Private School Principal Questionnaire, and the BIEfunded School Principal Questionnaire were 79.4 percent,

72.2 percent, and 79.2 percent, respectively. 

Weighted response rates in 2007–08 for the Public

School Questionnaire, the Private School Questionnaire, and

the BIE-funded School Questionnaire were 80.4 percent,

75.9 percent, and 77.1 percent, respectively. The weighted

overall response rates were 84.0 percent for public school

teachers, 77.5 percent for private school teachers, and

81.8 percent for BIE-funded school teachers.

The Data Analysis System at http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/

sass/das.asp may be used to access public school, public

teacher, private school, and private teacher public-use data.

There is also a methodology report on SASS, the Quality

Profile for SASS, Rounds 1–3: 1987–1995, Aspects of the

Quality of Data in the Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS)

(NCES 2000-308). 

Further information on SASS may be obtained from

Kerry Gruber 

Elementary/Secondary and Libraries Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Sample Survey Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

kerry.gruber@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass

Teacher Follow-up Survey 

The Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS) is a SASS survey

whose purpose is to determine how many teachers remain at

the same school, move to another school, or leave the profession in the year following a SASS administration. It is

administered to elementary and secondary teachers in the 50

states and the District of Columbia. The TFS uses two questionnaires, one for teachers who left teaching since the previous SASS administration and another for those who are

still teaching either in the same school as last year or in a different school. The objective of the TFS is to focus on the

characteristics of each group in order to answer questions

about teacher mobility and attrition.

The 2008–09 TFS is different from any previous TFS

administration in that it also serves as the second wave of a

longitudinal study of first-year teachers. Because of this, the

2008–09 TFS consists of four questionnaires. Two are for
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 659

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

respondents who were first-year public school teachers in the

2007–08 SASS and two are for the remainder of the sample.

Further information on the TFS may be obtained from

Freddie Cross

Elementary/Secondary and Libraries Studies Division

Elementary/Secondary Sample Survey Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

freddie.cross@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/ovrv_whatstfs.asp

Other Department of Education 

Agencies

National Center for Special Education 

Research (NCSER)

The National Center for Special Education Research

(NCSER) was created as part of the reauthorization of the

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

NCSER sponsors a program of special education research

designed to expand the knowledge and understanding of

infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities. NCSER

funds programs of research that address its mission. In order

to determine which programs work, as well as how, why and

in what settings, NCSER sponsors research on the needs of

infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities and evaluates

the effectiveness of services provided through IDEA.

The National Longitudinal Transition 

Study-2

The National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS-2)

is a follow-up of the original National Longitudinal Transition Study conducted from 1985 through 1993. NLTS-2

began in 2001 with a sample of special education students

who were ages 13 through 16 and in at least 7th grade on

December 1, 2000. The study will continue for 10 years and

is designed to provide a national picture of these youths’

experiences and achievements as they transition into adulthood. Data will be collected from parents, youth, and

schools by survey, telephone interviews, student assessments, and transcripts.

NLTS-2 is designed to align with the original NLTS by

including many of the same questions and data items, thus

allowing comparisons between the NLTS and NLTS-2

youths’ experiences. NLTS-2 also includes items that have

been collected in other national databases to permit comparisons between NLTS-2 youth and the general youth population. Data is currently available for Waves 1 through 5.

Further information on NLTS-2 may be obtained from

Shu Jing Yen

National Center for Special Education Research

555 New Jersey Avenue NW

Washington, DC 20208

shujing.yen@ed.gov

http://www.nlts2.org/

Office for Civil Rights

Civil Rights Data Collection

The U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil

Rights (OCR) has surveyed the nation’s public elementary

and secondary schools since 1968. The survey was first

known as the OCR Elementary and Secondary School

(E&S) Survey; in 2004, it was renamed the Civil Rights

Data Collection. The survey provides information about the

enrollment of students in public schools in every state and

about some education services provided to those students.

These data are reported by race/ethnicity, sex, and disability. 

Data in the survey are collected pursuant to 34 C.F.R.

Section 100.6(b) of the Department of Education regulation

implementing Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The

requirements are also incorporated by reference in Department regulations implementing Title IX of the Education

Amendments of 1972, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975. School,

district, state, and national data are currently available. Data

from individual public schools and districts are used to generate projected national and state data. 

In recent surveys, the sample has been approximately 6,000

districts and 60,000 schools; however, in 2000, data were collected from all public school districts. In sample surveys, the

following districts are sampled with certainty: districts having

more than 25,000 students; all districts in states having 25 or

fewer public school districts; and districts subject to federal

court order and monitored by the U.S. Department of Justice.

The survey is conducted biennially (with few exceptions).

Data currently are available from the 2006 survey.

Data marked with an exclamation point (!) have a nonresponse rate of more than 30 percent. Numbers should be used

with caution due to large statistical uncertainty in the estimate. The methodology for flagging “large statistical uncertainties” is based on a standard error for each projected item.

Further information on the Civil Rights Data Collection

can be obtained from

Mary Schifferli

Office for Civil Rights

U.S. Department of Education

550 12th Street SW

Washington, DC 20202

mary.schifferli@ed.gov

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/data.html
660 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Office of Special Education Programs 

Annual Report to Congress on the 

Implementation of the Individuals With 

Disabilities Education Act

The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),

formerly the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA),

requires the Secretary of Education to transmit to Congress

annually a report describing the progress made in serving the

nation’s children with disabilities. This annual report contains information on children served by public schools under

the provisions of Part B of the IDEA and on children served

in state-operated programs for the disabled under Chapter I

of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. 

Statistics on children receiving special education and

related services in various settings and school personnel providing such services are reported in an annual submission of

data to the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) by

the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the outlying

areas. The child count information is based on the number of

children with disabilities receiving special education and

related services on December 1 of each year. Count information is available from http://www.ideadata.org.

Since each participant in programs for the disabled is

reported to OSEP, the data are not subject to sampling error.

However, nonsampling error can arise from a variety of

sources. Some states follow a noncategorical approach to the

delivery of special education services, but produce counts of

students by disabling condition because Part B of the EHA

requires it. In those states that do categorize their disabled

students, definitions and labeling practices vary.

Further information on this annual report to Congress

may be obtained from

Office of Special Education Programs

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Education

400 Maryland Ave., SW

Washington, DC 20202-7100

http://www.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/osep/index.html

http://www.ideadata.org

Office of Vocational and Adult 

Education, Division of Adult Education 

and Literacy

Enrollment Data for State-Administered 

Adult Education Programs

The Division of Adult Education and Literacy (DAEL)

promotes programs that help American adults get the basic

skills they need to be productive workers, family members,

and citizens. The major areas of support are Adult Basic

Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English Language Acquisition. These programs emphasize basic skills

such as reading, writing, math, English language competency, and problem solving. Each year, DAEL reports

enrollment numbers in state-administered adult education

programs for these major areas of support for all 50 states,

the District of Columbia, and the eight U.S. jurisdictions

(American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia,

Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Marianas, Palau,

Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands).

Further information on DAEL may be obtained from

Office of Vocational and Adult Education

Division of Adult Education and Literacy

U.S. Department of Education

400 Maryland Avenue SW

Washington, DC 20202

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ovae/pi/AdultEd/

Other Governmental Agencies

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Consumer Price Indexes 

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) represents changes in

prices of all goods and services purchased for consumption by

urban households. Indexes are available for two population

groups: a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and a CPI for

Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). Unless

otherwise specified, data in the Digest are adjusted for inflation using the CPI-U. These values are frequently adjusted to

a school-year basis by averaging the July through June figures. Price indexes are available for the United States, the four

Census regions, size of city, cross-classifications of regions

and size classes, and 26 local areas. The major uses of the CPI

include as an economic indicator, as a deflator of other economic series, and as a means of adjusting income.

Also available is the Consumer Price Index research

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS), which presents an

estimate of the CPI-U from 1978 to the present that incorporates most of the improvements that the Bureau of Labor

Statistics has made over that time span into the entire series.

The historical price index series of the CPI-U does not

reflect these changes, though these changes do make the

present and future CPI more accurate. The limitations of the

CPI-U-RS include considerable uncertainty surrounding the

magnitude of the adjustments and the several improvements

in the CPI that have not been incorporated into the CPI-URS for various reasons. Nonetheless, the CPI-U-RS can

serve as a valuable proxy for researchers needing a historical

estimate of inflation using current methods. 

Further information on consumer price indexes may be

obtained from

Bureau of Labor Statistics

U.S. Department of Labor

2 Massachusetts Avenue NE

Washington, DC 20212

http://www.bls.gov/cpi 
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 661

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Employment and Unemployment Surveys

Statistics on the employment and unemployment status of

the population and related data are compiled by the Bureau

of Labor Statistics (BLS) using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) (see below) and other surveys. The Current Population Survey, a monthly household survey

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of

Labor Statistics, provides a comprehensive body of information on the employment and unemployment experience of

the nation’s population, classified by age, sex, race, and various other characteristics.

Further information on unemployment surveys may be

obtained from

Bureau of Labor Statistics

U.S. Department of Labor

2 Massachusetts Avenue NE

Washington, DC 20212

cpsinfo@bls.gov

http://www.bls.gov/bls/employment.htm

Census Bureau

Census of Population—Education in the 

United States

Some tables in this report are based on a part of the

decennial census that consists of questions asked of a onein-six sample of people and housing units in the United

States. This sample was asked more detailed questions about

income, occupation, and housing costs, in addition to general demographic information.

School enrollment. People classified as enrolled in school

reported attending a “regular” public or private school or

college. They were asked whether the institution they

attended was public or private and what level of school they

were enrolled in.

Educational attainment. Data for educational attainment were tabulated for people ages 15 and older and classified according to the highest grade completed or the

highest degree received. Instructions were also given to

include the level of the previous grade attended or the

highest degree received for people currently enrolled in

school.

Poverty status. To determine poverty status, answers to

income questions were used to make comparisons to the

appropriate poverty threshold. All people except those who

were institutionalized, people in military group quarters and

college dormitories, and unrelated people under age 15 were

considered. If the total income of each family or unrelated

individual in the sample was below the corresponding cutoff, that family or individual was classified as “below the

poverty level.”

Further information on the 1990 and 2000 Census of Population may be obtained from

Population Division

Census Bureau

U.S. Department of Commerce

4600 Silver Hill Road

Washington, DC 20233

http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen1990.html

http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html

Current Population Survey 

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a monthly survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S.

Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPS

is the primary source of information of labor force statistics

for the U.S. noninstitutionalized population (e.g., excludes

military personnel and their families living on bases and

inmates of institutions). In addition, supplemental questionnaires are used to provide further information about the

U.S. population. Specifically, in October, detailed questions regarding school enrollment and school characteristics are asked. In March, detailed questions regarding

income are asked. 

The current sample design, introduced in July 2001,

includes about 72,000 households. Each month about

58,900 of the 72,000 households are eligible for interview,

and of those, 7 to 10 percent are not interviewed because of

temporary absence or unavailability. Information is

obtained each month from those in the household who are

15 years of age and older and demographic data are collected for children 0–14 years of age. Prior to July 2001,

data were collected in the CPS from about 50,000 dwelling

units. The samples are initially selected based on the

decennial census files and are periodically updated to

reflect new housing construction. 

The estimation procedure employed for monthly CPS data

involves inflating weighted sample results to independent

estimates of characteristics of the civilian noninstitutional

population in the United States by age, sex, and race. These

independent estimates are based on statistics from decennial

censuses; statistics on births, deaths, immigration, and emigration; and statistics on the population in the armed services.

Generalized standard error tables are provided in the Current

Population Reports; methods for deriving standard errors can

be found within the CPS technical documentation at http://

www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cps-main.html. The CPS

data are subject to both nonsampling and sampling errors.

Caution should also be used when comparing data from

1994 through 2001 with data from 1993 and earlier. Data

from 1994 through 2001 reflect 1990 census-based population controls, while data from 1993 and earlier reflect 1980

or earlier census-based population controls. Also use caution

when comparing data from 1994 through 2001 with data

from 2002 onward, as data from 2002 reflect 2000 censusbased controls. Changes in population controls generally
662 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

have relatively little impact on summary measures such as

means, medians, and percentage distributions. They can

have a significant impact on population counts. For example, use of the 1990 census-based population control resulted

in about a 1 percent increase in the civilian noninstitutional

population and in the number of families and households.

Thus, estimates of levels for data collected in 1994 and later

years will differ from those for earlier years by more than

what could be attributed to actual changes in the population.

These differences could be disproportionately greater for

certain subpopulation groups than for the total population.

Further information on CPS may be obtained from

Education and Social Stratification Branch

Population Division

Census Bureau

U.S. Department of Commerce

4600 Silver Hill Road

Washington, DC 20233

http://www.census.gov/cps

Dropouts

Each October, the Current Population Survey (CPS)

includes supplemental questions on the enrollment status of

the population ages 3 years and over as part of the monthly

basic survey on labor force participation. In addition to gathering the information on school enrollment, with the limitations on accuracy as noted below under “School

Enrollment,” the survey data permit calculations of dropout

rates. Both status and event dropout rates are tabulated from

the October CPS. The Digest provides information using the

status rate calculation. Event rates describe the proportion of

students who leave school each year without completing a

high school program. Status rates provide cumulative data

on dropouts among all young adults within a specified age

range. Status rates are higher than event rates because they

include all dropouts ages 16 through 24, regardless of when

they last attended school. 

In addition to other survey limitations, dropout rates may

be affected by survey coverage and exclusion of the institutionalized population. The incarcerated population has

grown more rapidly and has a higher dropout rate than the

general population. Dropout rates for the total population

might be higher than those for the noninstitutionalized population if the prison and jail populations were included in the

dropout rate calculations. On the other hand, if military personnel, who tend to be high school graduates, were included,

it might offset some or all of the impact from the theoretical

inclusion of the jail and prison population. 

Another area of concern with tabulations involving young

people in household surveys is the relatively low coverage

ratio compared to older age groups. CPS undercoverage

results from missed housing units and missed people within

sample households. Overall CPS undercoverage for March

2008 is estimated to be about 12 percent. CPS undercoverage

varies with age, sex, and race. Generally, undercoverage is

larger for males than for females and larger for Blacks than

for non-Blacks. For example, in 2008 the undercoverage

ratio for Black 20- to 24-year-old males is 30 percent. The

CPS weighting procedure partially corrects for the bias due to

undercoverage. Further information on CPS methodology

may be obtained from http://www.census.gov/cps.

Further information on the calculation of dropouts and

dropout rates may be obtained from High School Dropout

and Completion Rates in the United States: 2007 at http://

nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2009064 or by

contacting

Chris Chapman

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

Early Childhood and Household Studies Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006

chris.chapman@ed.gov

Educational Attainment 

Reports documenting educational attainment are produced

by the Census Bureau using March CPS supplement (Annual

Social and Economic Supplement [ASEC]) results. The sample size for the 2009 March supplement (including basic CPS)

was about 72,000 households; about 58,700 were eligible for

interview and about 54,100 interviews were completed. The

latest release is Educational Attainment in the United States:

2009, which may be downloaded at http://www.census.gov/

population/www/socdemo/education/cps2009.html.

In addition to the general constraints of CPS, some data

indicate that the respondents have a tendency to overestimate the educational level of members of their household.

Some inaccuracy is due to a lack of the respondent’s knowledge of the exact educational attainment of each household

member and the hesitancy to acknowledge anything less

than a high school education. Another cause of nonsampling

variability is the change in the numbers in the armed services

over the years.

The March 2009 basic CPS response rate was 92.2 percent and the ASEC household-level response rate was 93.0

percent, for a total supplement response rate of 85.8 percent.

Further information on CPS’s educational attainment

may be obtained from the CPS website at 

http://www.census.gov/cps.

Further information on CPS’s educational attainment

data may be obtained from

Education and Social Stratification Branch

Census Bureau

U.S. Department of Commerce

4600 Silver Hill Road

Washington, DC 20233

http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 663

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

School Enrollment 

Each October, the Current Population Survey (CPS)

includes supplemental questions on the enrollment status of the

population ages 3 years and over. Prior to 2001, the October

supplement consisted of approximately 47,000 interviewed

households. Beginning with the October 2001 supplement, the

sample was expanded by 9,000 to a total of approximately

56,000 interviewed households. The main sources of nonsampling variability in the responses to the supplement are those

inherent in the survey instrument. The question of current

enrollment may not be answered accurately for various reasons. Some respondents may not know current grade information for every student in the household, a problem especially

prevalent for households with members in college or in nursery

school. Confusion over college credits or hours taken by a student may make it difficult to determine the year in which the

student is enrolled. Problems may occur with the definition of

nursery school (a group or class organized to provide educational experiences for children) where respondents’ interpretations of “educational experiences” vary.

The October 2009 basic CPS household-level response

rate was 92.1 percent and the school enrollment supplement

person-level response rate was 93.8 percent. Since these

rates are determined at different levels they cannot be combined to derive an overall response rate.

Further information on CPS methodology may be

obtained from http://www.census.gov/cps.

Further information on the CPS School Enrollment Supplement may be obtained from

Education and Social Stratification Branch

Census Bureau

U.S. Department of Commerce

4600 Silver Hill Road

Washington, DC 20233

http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/school.html

Annual Survey of State and Local 

Government Finances

The Census Bureau conducts an Annual Survey of State

and Local Government Finances as authorized by law under

Title 13, United States Code, Section 182. Periodic surveys of

government finances have been conducted since 1902 and

annually since 1952. This survey covers the entire range of

government finance activities: revenue, expenditure, debt, and

assets. Revenues and expenditures comprise actual receipts

and payments of a government and its agencies, including

government-operated enterprises, utilities, and public trust

funds. The expenditure-reporting categories comprise all

amounts of money paid out by a government and its agencies,

with the exception of amounts for debt retirement and for

loan, investment, agency, and private trust transactions.

Most of the federal government statistics are based on

figures that appear in The Budget of the United States Government. Since the classification used by the Census Bureau

for reporting state and local government finance statistics

differs in a number of important respects from the classification used in the U.S. budget, it was necessary to adjust the

federal data. For this report, federal budget expenditures

include interest accrued, but not paid, during the fiscal year;

Census data on interest are on a disbursement basis.

State government finances are based primarily on the

annual Census Bureau Survey of Annual Survey of State and

Local Government Finances. Census analysts compile figures from official records and reports of the state governments for most of the state financial data. States differ in the

ways they administer activities; they may fund such activities directly, or they may disburse the money to a lower level

government or government agency. Therefore, caution is

advised when attempting to make a direct comparison

between states on their state fiscal aid data.

The sample of local governments is drawn from the periodic (years ending in ‘2’ and ‘7’) Census of Governments

and consists of certain local governments sampled with certainty plus a sample below the certainty level. Finance data

for all school districts are collected on an annual basis and

released through the NCES Common Core of Data system.

A new sample is usually selected every 5 years (years ending

in ‘4’ and ‘9’), the most recent one being in fiscal year 2009.

Data are available for fiscal year 2008.

The statistics in Government Finances that are based

wholly or partly on data from the sample are subject to sampling error. State government finance data are not subject to

sampling error. Estimates of major U.S. totals for local governments are subject to a computed sampling variability of

less than one-half of l percent. The estimates are also subject

to the inaccuracies in classification, response, and processing that would occur if a complete census had been conducted under the same conditions as the sample.

Further information on government finances may be

obtained from

Governments Division

Census Bureau

U.S. Department of Commerce

4600 Silver Hill Road

Washington, DC 20233

Local government

govs.finstaff@census.gov

State government

govs.public.finance.analysis.b@census.gov

http://www.census.gov/govs

Survey of Income and Program 

Participation

The main objective of the Survey of Income and Program

Participation (SIPP) is to provide accurate and comprehensive information about the income and program participation

of individuals and households in the United States and about

the principal determinants of income and program participation. SIPP offers detailed information on cash and noncash
664 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

income on a subannual basis. The survey also collects data

on taxes, assets, liabilities, and participation in government

transfer programs. SIPP data allow the government to evaluate the effectiveness of federal, state, and local programs.

The survey design is a continuous series of national panels, with sample size ranging from approximately 14,000 to

36,700 interviewed households. The duration of each panel

ranges from 2 1/2 years to 4 years. The SIPP sample is a

multistage-stratified sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. For the 1984–93 panels, a new panel

of households was introduced each year in February. A 4-

year panel was introduced in April 1996. A 2000 panel was

introduced in February 2000 for two waves, but was cancelled after 8 months. A 2.5-year panel was introduced in

February 2004 and is the first SIPP panel to use the 2000

decennial-based redesign of the sample. All household

members ages 15 years and over are interviewed by selfresponse, if possible. Proxy response is permitted when

household members are not available for interviewing. The

latest panel was selected in September 2008.

The SIPP content is built around a “core” of labor force,

program participation, and income questions designed to

measure the economic situation of people in the United

States. These questions expand the data currently available

on the distribution of cash and noncash income and are

repeated at each interviewing wave. The survey uses a 4-

month recall period, with approximately the same number of

interviews being conducted in each month of the 4-month

period for each wave. Interviews are conducted by personal

visit and by decentralized telephone. 

The survey has been designed to also provide a broader

context for analysis by adding questions on a variety of topics

not covered in the core section. These questions are labeled

“topical modules” and are assigned to particular interviewing

waves of the survey. Topics covered by the modules include

personal history, child care, wealth, program eligibility, child

support, utilization and cost of healthcare, disability, school

enrollment, taxes, and annual income. 

Further information on the SIPP may be obtained from

Economics and Statistics Administration

Census Bureau

U.S. Department of Commerce

4600 Silver Hill Road

Washington, DC 20233

http://www.census.gov/sipp/overview.html

Institute of Museum and Library 

Statistics (IMLS)

On October 1, 2007, the administration of the Public

Libraries Survey (PLS) and the State Library Agencies

(StLA) Survey was transferred from the National Center for

Education Statistics to the Institute of Museum and Library

Statistics (IMLS). The transfer of these surveys is the result

of the fiscal year 2007 President’s budget request.

Library Statistics

Public library statistics were collected annually by

NCES using the PLS and disseminated annually through the

Federal-State Cooperative System (FSCS) for Public

Library Data. Descriptive statistics were produced for over

9,200 public libraries. The PLS included information about

staffing; operating income and expenditures; type of governance; type of administrative structure; size of collection;

and service measures such as reference transactions, public

service hours, interlibrary loans, circulation, and library

visits. In FSCS, respondents supplied the information electronically, and data were edited and tabulated in machinereadable form.

The respondents were 9,200 public libraries identified in

the 50 states and the District of Columbia by state library

agencies. At the state level, FSCS was administered by State

Data Coordinators, appointed by the Chief Officer of each

State Library Agency. The State Data Coordinator collected

the requested data from local public libraries and submitted

these data to NCES. An annual training conference sponsored by NCES was provided for the State Data Coordinators. All 50 states and the District of Columbia submitted

data for individual public libraries, which were also aggregated to state and national levels. 

From 1994 through 2006, NCES conducted the StLA

Survey for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. A

state library agency is the official agency of a state that is

charged by state law with the extension and development

of public library services throughout the state and that has

adequate authority under state law to administer state plans

in accordance with the provisions of the Library Services

and Technology Act (LSTA) of 2003. The StLA Survey

collected data on services, collections, staffing, revenue,

and expenditures. 

Further information on the Public Library Survey and

State Library Agency Survey can be obtained from

Institute of Museum and Library Services

Office of Policy, Planning, Research, and Communication

Research and Statistics Division

1800 M Street NW, 9th Floor

Washington, DC 20036-5802

imlsinfo@imls.gov 

http://harvester.census.gov/imls/index.asp

National Institute on Drug Abuse 

Monitoring the Future Study

The National Institute on Drug Abuse of the U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services is the primary

supporter of the long-term study entitled “Monitoring the

Future: A Continuing Study of the Lifestyles and Values of

Youth,” conducted by the University of Michigan Institute

for Social Research. One component of the study deals

with student drug abuse. Results of the national sample

survey have been published annually since 1975. With the
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 665

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

exception of 1975, when about 9,400 students participated

in the survey, the annual samples comprise roughly 16,000

students in 133 public and private schools. Students complete self-administered questionnaires given to them in

their classrooms by University of Michigan personnel.

Each year, 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders are surveyed

(12th-graders since 1975, and 8th- and 10th-graders since

1991). The 8th- and 10th-grade surveys are anonymous,

while the 12th-grade survey is confidential. The 10th-grade

samples involve about 17,000 students in 140 schools each

year, while the 8th-grade samples have approximately

18,000 students in about 150 schools. In all, approximately

50,000 students from about 420 public and private secondary schools are surveyed annually. Over the years, the

response rates have varied from 87 to 91 percent, 85 to 88

percent, and 77 to 86 percent for 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. Beginning with the class of 1976, a randomly selected

sample from each senior class has been followed in the

years after high school on a continuing basis.

Understandably, there is some reluctance to admit illegal

activities. Also, students who are out of school on the day of

the survey are nonrespondents, and the survey does not

include high school dropouts. The inclusion of absentees

and dropouts would tend to increase the proportion of individuals who had used drugs. A 1983 study found that the

inclusion of absentees could increase some of the drug usage

estimates by as much as 2.7 percentage points. (Details on

that study and its methodology were published in Drug Use

Among American High School Students, College Students,

and Other Young Adults, by L.D. Johnston, P.M. O’Malley,

and J.G. Bachman, available from the National Clearinghouse on Drug Abuse Information, 5600 Fishers Lane,

Rockville, MD 20857.)

Further information on the Monitoring the Future drug

abuse survey may be obtained from

National Institute on Drug Abuse

Services and Prevention Research (DESPR)

6001 Executive Boulevard

Rockville, MD 20892

MTFinfo@isr.umich.edu

http://www.monitoringthefuture.org

National Science Foundation

Survey of Federal Funds for Research and 

Development

The annual federal funds survey is the primary source of

information about federal funding for research and development (R&D) in the United States. It is used by policymakers in the executive and legislative branches of the

federal government in determining policies, laws, and regulations affecting science; it is also used by those who follow science trends in every sector of the economy,

including university administrators and professors, economic and political analysts, R&D managers inside and

outside the government, the science press, and leading

members of the science community in the United States

and around the world.

The survey is completed by the 15 federal departments

and their 72 subagencies and 12 independent agencies that

conduct R&D programs. The sample is obtained from information in the President’s budget submitted to Congress.

Federal funds data, as collected, span 3 government fiscal

years: the fiscal year just completed, the current fiscal year,

and the next fiscal year. Actual data are collected for the year

just completed; estimates are obtained for the current fiscal

year and the next fiscal year.

The data is collected and managed online; this system

was designed to help improve survey reporting by offering

respondents direct online reporting and editing.

The federal funds survey has a response rate of 100 percent with no known item nonresponse. The information

included in this survey has been stable since fiscal year

1973, when federal obligations for research to universities

and colleges by agency and detailed science and engineering

fields were added to the survey.

Further information on federal funds for research and

development may be obtained from

Michael Yamaner

Research and Development Statistics Program

Division of Science Resources Statistics

National Science Foundation

4201 Wilson Boulevard

Arlington, VA 22230

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics

Survey of Earned Doctorates 

The Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) has collected

basic statistics from the universe of doctoral recipients in the

United States each year since 1958. It is supported by six

federal agencies: the National Science Foundation, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Education; the

National Endowment for the Humanities; the U.S. Department of Agriculture; the National Institutes of Health; and

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

With the assistance of graduate deans, a survey form is

distributed to each person completing the requirements for a

first research doctorate. Of the 48,079 new research doctorates granted between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2008, 92

percent of degree recipients responded. The questionnaire

obtains information on sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, citizenship, disabilities, dependents, specialty field of doctorate, educational institutions attended, time spent in

completion of doctorate, financial support, education debt,

postgraduation plans, and educational attainment of parents.
666 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Further information on the Survey of Earned Doctorates

may be obtained from

Mark Fiegener

SED Project Officer

Human Resources Statistics Program

Division of Science Resources Studies

National Science Foundation

4201 Wilson Boulevard

Arlington, VA 22230

mfiegene@nsf.gov

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates

http://www.norc.org/projects/survey+of+earned+doctorates.htm

Survey of Graduate Students and 

Postdoctorates in Science and 

Engineering

The Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in

Science and Engineering, also known as the graduate student

survey (GSS), is an annual survey of all academic institutions

in the U.S. and its territories that grant research-based master’s degrees or doctorates, appoint postdocs, or employ doctorate-holding nonfaculty researchers in science and

engineering and selected health fields. It is an institutionbased survey that provides data on the number and characteristics of graduate science, engineering, and health students

enrolled in approximately 600 U.S. academic institutions. 

Data for the 2008 GSS were collected at the beginning of

academic year 2007–08. This survey includes all branch

campuses, affiliated research centers, and separately organized components—such as medical or dental schools, nursing schools, and schools of public health—from all

academic institutions that offer doctor’s and master’s degree

programs. Only those graduate students enrolled for credit in

a master's or doctoral program in science or engineering in

the fall of 2007 were included in the survey. M.D., D.O.,

D.V.M., or D.D.S. candidates, interns, and residents were

counted if they were concurrently working on a master’s or

doctoral degree in science or engineering or were enrolled in

a joint medical/Ph.D. program.

The 2008 survey universe consists of 579 institutions,

including 376 doctorate-granting institutions and 203 master’s-granting institutions. There are 708 schools affiliated

with these institutions: 505 at doctorate-granting institutions

and 203 at master’s-granting institutions.

New procedures to improve coverage of GSS-eligible

units were introduced in the 2007 survey cycle and were

continued in the 2008 GSS. Increased emphasis was given to

updating the unit list by providing an exhaustive list of GSSeligible programs within existing GSS fields. In previous

years, only a representative list was provided for each GSS

field, which may have resulted in not reporting all eligible

units. The set of GSS-eligible fields was also modified. Due

to these changes data for 2007 and 2008 are not directly

comparable with data from previous years.

Further information on the Survey of Graduate Students

and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering may be

obtained from

Emilda Rivers

Division of Science Resources Statistics

National Science Foundation

4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965

Arlington, VA 22230

erivers@nsf.gov

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/survey.cfm

Substance Abuse and Mental Health 

Services Administration 

National Survey on Drug Use and Health 

Conducted by the federal government since 1971, the

National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) is an

annual survey (since 1991) of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States age 12 or older. It is the

primary source of information on the prevalence, patterns,

and consequences of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use

and abuse. The survey collects data by administering questionnaires to a representative sample of the population (since

1999, the NSDUH interview has been carried out using computer-assisted interviewing). NSDUH collects information

from residents of households, noninstitutional group quarters, and civilians living on military bases. The main results

of the NSDUH present national estimates of rates of use,

numbers of users, and other measures related to illicit drugs,

alcohol, and tobacco products. 

Prior to 2002, the survey was called the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). Because of improvements to the survey in 2002, the data from 2002 onward

should not be compared with NHSDA data from 2001 and

earlier as a method of assessing changes in substance use

over time. The 2008 NSDUH screened 142,940 addresses,

and 68,740 completed interviews were obtained. The survey

was conducted from January through December 2008.

Weighted response rates were 89.0 percent for household

screening and 74.4 percent for interviewing. The 2005

NSDUH was the first in a coordinated 5-year sample design

providing estimates for all 50 states and the District of

Columbia for the years 2005 through 2009. Because the

2005 design enables estimates to be developed by state,

states may be viewed as the first level of stratification, as

well as a reporting variable.

Further information on the 2007 NSDUH may be

obtained from

SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies

1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 7-1044

Rockville, MD 28057

http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh.htm
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 667

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Other Organization Sources

ACT

ACT assessment

The ACT assessment is designed to measure educational

development in the areas of English, mathematics, social studies, and natural sciences. The ACT assessment is taken by college-bound high school students and by all graduating seniors

in Colorado and Illinois. The test results are used to predict

how well students might perform in college.

Prior to the 1984–85 school year, national norms were

based on a 10-percent sample of the students taking the test.

Since then, national norms are based on the test scores of all

students taking the test. Beginning with 1984–85, these norms

have been based on the most recent ACT scores available from

students scheduled to graduate in the spring of the year. Duplicate test records are no longer used to produce national figures.

Separate ACT standard scores are computed for English,

mathematics, science reasoning, and, as of October 1989, reading. ACT standard scores are reported for each subject area on

a scale from 1 to 36. In 2010, the national composite score (the

simple average of the four ACT standard scores 21.0, with a

standard deviation of 5.2. The tests emphasize reasoning, analysis, problem solving, and the integration of learning from various sources, as well as the application of these proficiencies to

the kinds of tasks college students are expected to perform. 

It should be noted that graduating students who take the

ACT assessment are not necessarily representative of graduating students nationally. Students who live in the Midwest,

Rocky Mountains, Plains, and South are overrepresented

among ACT-tested students as compared to graduating students nationally. These students more often attend public colleges and universities, which require the ACT assessment

more often than the SAT test.

Further information on the ACT may be obtained from

ACT

500 ACT Drive

P.O. Box 168

Iowa City, IA 52243

http://www.act.org

American Council on Education

General Educational Development Tests

One of the American Council on Education’s (ACE) programs and services is the General Educational Development

Testing Service (GEDTS), which develops and distributes

General Educational Development (GED) Tests. A GED

credential documents high school-level academic skills. It

was first administered in 1942 to returning World War II

veterans and first administered to civilians in 1947. ACE

publishes the GED Testing Program Statistical Report. This

report looks at those who take the GED, test performance

statistics, and historical information on the GED testing program. Attempting to make comparisons across jurisdictions

is problematic since each jurisdiction manages its own GED

testing program. As such, each jurisdiction develops its own

policies, which would be reflected in its testing program outcomes, such as pass rates.

Further information on the GED may be obtained from

American Council on Education

One Dupont Circle NW

Washington, DC 20036

http://www.acenet.edu

http://www.gedtest.org

College Entrance Examination Board 

SAT

The Admissions Testing Program of the College Board is

made up of a number of college admissions tests, including

the Preliminary Scholastic Assessment Test (PSAT) and the

Scholastic Assessment Test, now known as the SAT. High

school students participate in the testing program as sophomores, juniors, or seniors—some more than once during these

3 years. If they have taken the tests more than once, only the

most recent scores are tabulated. The PSAT and SAT report

subscores in the areas of mathematics and verbal ability.

The SAT results are not representative of high school students or college-bound students nationally, since the sample

is self-selected (i.e., taken by students who need the results to

apply to a particular college or university). Public colleges in

many states, particularly in the Midwest, parts of the South,

and the West, require ACT scores rather than SAT scores.

The proportion of students taking the SAT in these states is

very low and is inappropriate for comparison. In recent years,

more than 1.4 million high school students have taken the

SAT examination annually. The latest version of the SAT,

which includes a writing component, was first administered

in March 2005.

Further information on the SAT can be obtained from

College Entrance Examination Board

45 Columbus Ave.

New York City, NY 10023

http://www.collegeboard.com/ 

Commonfund Institute

Higher Education Price Index

Commonfund Institute took over management of the

Higher Education Price Index (HEPI) in September 2004

from Research Associates of Washington, which originated

the index in 1961. HEPI measures average changes in prices

of goods and services purchased by colleges and universities

through educational and general expenditures. Sponsored

research and auxiliary enterprises are not priced by HEPI.

HEPI is based on the prices (or salaries) of faculty and of

administrators and other professional service personnel; cler-
668 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

ical, technical, service, and other nonprofessional personnel;

and contracted services, such as data processing, communication, transportation, supplies and materials, equipment,

books and periodicals, and utilities. These represent the items

purchased for current operations by colleges and universities.

Prices for these items are obtained from salary surveys conducted by various national higher education associations, the

American Association of University Professors, the Bureau

of Labor Statistics, and the National Center for Education

Statistics; and from components of the Consumer Price Index

(CPI) and the Producer Price Index (PPI) published by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

The quantities of these goods and services have been kept

constant based on the 1971–72 buying pattern of colleges

and universities. The weights assigned to the various items,

which represent their relative importance in the current-fund

educational and general budget, are estimated national averages. Variance in spending patterns of individual institutions

from these national averages reduces only slightly the applicability of HEPI to any given institutional situation. Modest

differences in the weights attached to expenditure categories

have little effect on overall index values. This is because

HEPI is dominated by the trend in faculty salaries and similar salary trends for other personnel hired by institutions,

which minimizes the impact of price changes in other items

purchased in relatively small quantities.

Further information on HEPI may be obtained from

Commonfund Institute

15 Old Danbury Road

Wilton, CT 06897

http://www.commonfund.org 

Council for Aid to Education

Survey of Voluntary Support of Education

The Council for Aid to Education, Inc. (CAE) is a notfor-profit corporation funded by contributions from businesses. CAE largely provides consulting and research services to corporations and information on voluntary support

services to education institutions. Each year, CAE conducts

a survey of colleges and universities and private elementary

and secondary schools to obtain information on the amounts,

sources, and purposes of private gifts, grants, and bequests

received during the academic year.

The annual Voluntary Support of Education (VSE) survey consistently captures about 85 percent of the total voluntary support to colleges and universities in the United States.

Institutional reports of voluntary support data from the VSE

survey are more comprehensive and detailed than the related

data in the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS) Finance survey conducted by NCES.

The VSE survey is conducted online. All accredited institutions of higher education are eligible to participate, and

about a quarter of these institutions fill out a survey each

year. CAE reviews the survey forms for internal consistency, queries institutions whose data appear out of line with

national trends or their own historical data, and makes an

effort to clean the data before preparing a computerized

database of the results.

Individual institutions and several state systems of higher

education use the VSE data to monitor and analyze their

fundraising results. CAE uses the data to develop national

estimates of giving to education and to report in detail on

private support of education. The results from the VSE survey are available to subscribers online and are also published in the annual Voluntary Support of Education report,

which may be purchased from CAE.

Further information on the VSE survey may be obtained from

Ann Kaplan

Council for Aid to Education, Inc.

215 Lexington Avenue

21st Floor

New York, NY 10016

vse@cae.org

http://www.cae.org

Council of Chief State School Officers

State Education Indicators

The Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) is a

nonpartisan, nationwide, nonprofit organization of the public officials who head departments of public education in the

states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Department of

Defense dependents schools, and five outlying areas. The

CCSSO Education Indicators project provides leadership in

developing a system of state-by-state indicators of the condition of K–12 education. Indicator activities include collecting and reporting statistical indicators by state, tracking state

policy changes, assisting with accountability systems, and

conducting analysis of trends in education. Key State Education Policies on PK–12 Education is one of the publications

issued by the State Educators Project. It is intended to

inform policymakers and educators about the current status

of key education policies that define and shape elementary

and secondary education in public schools in the nation.

State education staff reported on current policies through a

survey, and CCSSO staff collected additional assessment

information through state websites.

Further information on CCSSO publications may be

obtained from

Rolf Blank

State Education Indicators Program 

Council of Chief State School Officers

One Massachusetts Avenue NW

7th Floor

Washington, DC 20001

rolfb@ccsso.org

http://www.ccsso.org 
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 669

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Education Commission of the States

StateNotes

Education Commission of the States (ECS) regularly

issues compilations, comparisons, and summaries of state

policies—enacted or pending—on a number of education

issues, including high school graduation requirements and

school term information. ECS monitors state education

activities for changes in education policies and updates ECS

state information accordingly.

Further information on StateNotes may be obtained from

Education Commission of the States

700 Broadway, #810

Denver, CO 80203-3442

ecs@ecs.org

http://www.ecs.org 

Graduate Record Examinations Board

GRE tests

Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) tests are taken by

individuals applying to graduate or professional school.

GRE offers two types of tests, the General Test and Subject

Tests. The General Test, which is mainly taken on computer,

measures verbal, quantitative, and analytical writing skills.

The writing section consists of two analytical writing tasks,

which replaced the analytical reasoning section on the general GRE after December 31, 2002. The Subject Tests measure achievement in subject areas that include biochemistry,

cell and molecular biology, biology, chemistry, computer

science, literature in English, mathematics, physics, and psychology. Each graduate institution or division of the institution determines which GRE tests are required for admission. 

Individuals may take GRE tests more than once. Score

reports only reflect scores earned within the past 5-year period. 

Further information on the GRE may be obtained from

Graduate Record Examinations Board

Educational Testing Service

P.O. Box 6000

Princeton, NJ 08541

http://www.ets.org/gre/

Institute of International Education

Open Doors

Each year, the Institute of International Education (IIE)

conducts a survey of the number of foreign students studying

in American colleges and universities and U.S. students

studying abroad. The results of these surveys are reported in

the publication Open Doors. All of the regionally accredited

institutions in NCES’s Integrated Postsecondary Education

Data System (IPEDS) are surveyed by IIE. The foreign student enrollment data presented in the Digest are drawn from

IIE surveys that ask institutions for information on enrollment

of foreign students, as well as student characteristics such as

country of origin. For the 2008–09 survey, approximately

66.1 percent of the 2,866 institutions surveyed reported data. 

The flows of U.S. college students studying abroad have

been surveyed since 1985–86. Surveys are sent to institutions asking them to provide information on the number and

characteristics of the students to whom they awarded credit

for study abroad during the previous academic year. Data

was obtained from about 990, or 73.5 percent, of the 1,340

institutions surveyed.

Additional information can be obtained from the publication Open Doors or by contacting

Sharon Witherell

Institute of International Education–Public Affairs

809 United Nations Plaza

New York, NY 10017

switherell@iie.org

http://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors

International Association for the 

Evaluation of Educational 

Achievement

The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) is composed of governmental

research centers and national research institutions around the

world whose aim is to investigate education problems common

among countries. Since its inception in 1958, the IEA has conducted more than 23 research studies of cross-national achievement. The regular cycle of studies encompasses learning in

basic school subjects. Examples are the Trends in International

Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Progress in

International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS). IEA projects

also include studies of particular interest to IEA members, such

as the TIMSS 1999 Video Study of Mathematics and Science

Teaching, the Civic Education Study, and studies on information technology in education and preprimary education.

Further information on the International Association for the

Evaluation of Educational Achievement may be obtained from

http://www.iea.nl

Trends in International Mathematics and 

Science Study

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science

Study (TIMSS, formerly known as the Third International

Mathematics and Science Study) provides reliable and timely

data on the mathematics and science achievement of U.S. students compared with that of students in other countries.

TIMSS data have been collected in 1995, 1999, 2003, and

2007. TIMSS collects information through mathematics and

science achievement tests and questionnaires. The questionnaires request information to help provide a context for the

performance scores, focusing on such topics as students’ attitudes and beliefs about learning; students’ habits and homework and their lives both in and outside of school; teachers’
670 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

attitudes and beliefs about teaching and learning, teaching

assignments, class size and organization, instructional practices, and participation in professional development activities;

and principals’ viewpoints on policy and budget responsibilities, curriculum and instruction issues, and student behavior,

as well as descriptions of the organization of schools and

courses. The assessments and questionnaires are designed to

specifications in a guiding framework. The TIMSS framework

describes the mathematics and science content to be assessed

by providing grade-specific objectives, an overview of the

assessment design, and guidelines for item development.

Each participating country, like the United States, is

required to draw random samples of schools. In the United

States, a national probability sample drawn for each study has

resulted in over 500 schools and approximately 33,000 students participating in 1995, 220 schools and 9,000 students participating in 1999, 480 schools and almost 19,000 students

participating in 2003, and nearly 500 schools and over 15,000

students participating in 2007. In 2007, countries that had participated in TIMSS 2003 were required to increase the size of

their student samples to provide data for a bridge study.

Accommodations were not provided for students with disabilities or students who were unable to read or speak the language

of the test. These students were excluded from the sample. This

sample design ensures the appropriate number of schools and

students are participating to provide a representative sample of

the students in a specific grade in the United States as a whole.

The 2007 U.S. fourth-grade sample achieved an initial

school response rate of 70 percent (weighted), with a school

response rate of 89 percent after replacement schools were

added. From the schools that agreed to participate, students

were sampled in intact classes. A total of 9,000 fourth-grade

students were sampled for the assessment, and about 7,900

participated, for a 95 percent student response rate. The resulting fourth-grade overall response rate, with replacements

included, was 84 percent. The U.S. eighth-grade sample

achieved an initial school response rate of 68 percent, with a

school response rate of 83 percent after replacement schools

were added. A total of 8,450 students were sampled for the

eighth-grade assessment, and 7,380 completed the assessment,

for a 93 percent student response rate. The resulting eighthgrade overall response rate, with replacements included, was

77 percent. The next study will take place in 2011.

Further information on the study may be obtained from

Patrick Gonzales

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies

Division

International Activities Program

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006 

patrick.gonzales@ed.gov 

http://nces.ed.gov/timss

National Association of State Directors 

of Teacher Education and Certification

NASDTEC Manual/KnowledgeBase

The National Association of State Directors of Teacher

Education and Certification (NASDTEC) was organized in

1928 to represent professional standards boards and commissions and state departments of education that are responsible for the preparation, licensure, and discipline of

educational personnel. Currently, NASDTEC’s membership

includes all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S.

Department of Defense Education Activity, U.S. jurisdictions, and Canadian provinces and territories.

The NASDTEC Manual on the Preparation & Certification of Educational Personnel (NASDTEC Manual) was

printed between 1984 and 2004, when it was replaced by an

online publication, KnowledgeBase. This is an expanded

version of the Manual and is the most comprehensive source

of state-by-state information pertaining to the certification

requirements and preparation of teachers and other school

personnel in the United States and Canada. 

Further information on KnowledgeBase may be obtained

from

Roy Einreinhofer, Executive Director

NASDTEC

1225 Providence Rd., PMB #116

Whitinsville, MA 01588

rje@nasdtec.com

http://www.nasdtec.info

National Catholic Educational 

Association

The United States Catholic Elementary 

and Secondary Schools

The National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA)

has been providing leadership and service to Catholic education since 1904. NCEA began to publish The United States

Catholic Elementary and Secondary Schools: Annual Statistical Report on Schools, Enrollment and Staffing in 1970

because of the lack of educational data on the private sector.

The report is based on data gathered by each of the 176 archdiocesan and diocesan offices of education in the United

States. These data enable NCEA to present information on

school enrollment and staffing patterns for prekindergarten

through grade 12. The first part of the report presents data

concerning the context of American education, while the following segment focuses on statistical data of Catholic

schools. Statistics include enrollment by grade level, race/

ethnicity, and affiliation.
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 671

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Further information on The United States Catholic Elementary and Secondary Schools: Annual Statistical Report

on Schools, Enrollment, and Staffing may be obtained from

Sister Dale McDonald

National Catholic Educational Association

1005 N. Glebe Rd.

Suite 525

Arlington, VA 22201

mcdonald@ncea.org

http://www.ncea.org

National Education Association

Estimates of School Statistics

The National Education Association (NEA) produces Estimates of School Statistics annually. This report provides projections of public school enrollment, employment and

personnel compensation, and finances, as reported by individual state departments of education. The state-level data in Estimates of School Statistics allow broad assessments of trends in

the above areas. These data should be looked at with the understanding that the state-level data do not necessarily reflect the

varying conditions within a state on education issues.

Data in this report are provided by state and District of

Columbia departments of education and by other, mostly governmental, sources. Surveys are sent to the departments of education requesting estimated data for the current year and

revisions to 4 years of historical data, as necessary. Twice a

year, NEA submits current-year estimates on more than 35

education statistics to state departments of education for verification or revision. The estimates are generated using regression analyses and are used in the Estimates report only if the

states do not provide current data. 

Further information on Estimates of School Statistics may

be obtained from

NEA Rankings & Estimates Team––NEA Research

1201 16th Street NW

Washington, DC 20036

http://www.nea.org 

Status of the American Public School 

Teacher

The Status of the American Public School Teacher Survey

is conducted every 5 years by the National Education Association (NEA). The survey was designed by the NEA Research

Division and was initially administered in 1956. The intent of

the survey is to solicit information covering various aspects of

public school teachers’ professional, family, and civic lives.

In the 2005–06 survey, questionnaires were sent to about

2,970 public school teachers in the United States, and about

1,330 of these teachers returned completed questionnaires. Of

these 1,330 questionnaires, 330 were deemed unusable, yielding 1,000 usable completed questionnaires out of an adjusted

total sample of 2,640. The response rate, then, was 37.8 percent.

Possible sources of nonsampling errors are nonresponses,

misinterpretation, and—when comparing data over years—

changes in the sampling method and instrument. Misinterpretation of the survey items should be minimal, as the sample

responding is not from the general population, but one knowledgeable about the area of concern. The sampling procedure

changed after 1956 and some wording of items has changed

over different administrations of the survey. 

Since sampling is used, sampling variability is inherent in

the data. An approximation to the standard error for estimating

the population percentages is 1.6 percent. Approximations for

significance for other comparisons appear in appendix table A6. To estimate the 95 percent confidence interval for population percentages, the standard error of 1.6 percent is multiplied

by 2 (1.6 x 2). The resulting percentage (3.2) is added and subtracted from the population estimate to establish upper and

lower bounds for the confidence interval. 

Further information on the Status of the American Public

School Teacher Survey may be obtained from

Steven Liu

National Education Association––Research

1201 16th Street NW

Washington, DC 20036

http://www.nea.org

Organization for Economic 

Cooperation and Development

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) publishes analyses of national policies and

survey data in education, training, and economics in OECD

and partner countries.

Education at a Glance (EAG) 

To highlight current education issues and create a set of

comparative education indicators that represent key features of

education systems, OECD initiated the International Indicators

of Education Systems Project (INES) and charged the Centre

for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) with developing the cross-national indicators for it. The development of

these indicators involved representatives of the OECD countries and the OECD Secretariat. Improvements in data quality

and comparability among OECD countries have resulted from

the country-to-country interaction sponsored through the INES

project. The most recent publication in this series is Education

at a Glance, OECD Indicators, 2010. 

The 2010 EAG featured the following OECD countries:

Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,

Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg,

Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In addition to

these OECD countries, several partner countries were included:

Brazil, Estonia, Israel, the Russian Federation, and Slovenia.
672 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

The OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics: Concepts, Standards, Definitions and Classifications provides countries with specific guidance on how to

prepare information for OECD education surveys; facilitates

countries’ understanding of OECD indicators and their use in

policy analysis; and provides a reference for collecting and

assimilating educational data. Chapter 7 of the OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparative Education Statistics contains a discussion of data quality issues. Users should examine

footnotes carefully to recognize some of the data limitations.

Further information on international education statistics may

be obtained from

Andreas Schleicher

Indicators & Analysis Division

OECD Directorate for Education

2, rue André Pascal

F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16

France

andreas.schleicher@oecd.org

http://www.oecd.org

Program for International Student 

Assessment

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is

a system of international assessments that focus on 15-yearolds’ capabilities in reading literacy, mathematics literacy, and

science literacy. PISA also includes measures of general, or

cross-curricular, competencies such as learning strategies. PISA

emphasizes functional skills that students have acquired as they

near the end of mandatory schooling. PISA is organized by the

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

(OECD), an intergovernmental organization of industrialized

countries, and was administered for the first time in 2000, when

43 countries participated. In 2003, 41 countries participated in

the assessment; in 2006, 57 jurisdictions (30 OECD members

and 27 nonmembers) participated; and in 2009, 65 jurisdictions

(34 OECD members and 31 nonmembers) participated.

PISA is a 2-hour paper-and-pencil exam. Assessment items

include a combination of multiple-choice and open-ended

questions, which require students to come up with their own

response. PISA scores are reported on a scale with a mean

score of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.

PISA is implemented on a 3-year cycle that began in 2000.

Each PISA assessment cycle focuses on one subject in particular, although all three subjects are assessed every 3 years. In the

first cycle, PISA 2000, reading literacy was the major focus,

occupying roughly two-thirds of assessment time. For 2003,

PISA focused on mathematics literacy as well as the ability of

students to solve problems in real-life settings. In 2006, PISA

focused on science literacy. In 2009, PISA focused on reading

literacy again.

The intent of PISA reporting is to provide an overall

description of performance in reading literacy, mathematics

literacy, and science literacy every 3 years, and to provide a

more detailed look at each domain in the years when it is the

major focus. These cycles will allow countries to compare

changes in trends for each of the three subject areas over time.

To implement PISA, each of the participating countries scientifically draws a nationally representative sample of 15-yearolds, regardless of grade level. In the United States, nearly

5,600 students from public and nonpublic schools took the

PISA 2006 assessment. 

In each country, the assessment is translated into the primary language of instruction; in the United States, all materials

are written in English.

Further information on PISA may be obtained from

Holly Xie

Early Childhood, International, and Crosscutting Studies Division

International Activities Program 

National Center for Education Statistics

1990 K Street NW

Washington, DC 20006 

holly.xie@ed.gov

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa

United Nations Educational, Scientific, 

and Cultural Organization

Statistical Yearbook and Global Education 

Digest

The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO) conducts annual surveys of education statistics of its member countries. Data from official surveys are supplemented by information obtained by UNESCO

through other publications and sources. Each year, more than

200 countries reply to the UNESCO surveys. In some cases,

estimates are made by UNESCO for particular items, such as

world and continent totals. While great efforts are made to

make them as comparable as possible, the data still reflect the

vast differences among the countries of the world in the structure of education. While there is some agreement about the

reporting of primary and secondary data, tertiary-level data

(i.e., postsecondary education data) present numerous substantive problems. Some countries report only university enrollment, while other countries report all postsecondary

enrollment, including enrollment in vocational and technical

schools and correspondence programs. A very high proportion

of some countries’ tertiary-level students attend institutions in

other countries. The member countries that provide data to

UNESCO are responsible for their validity. Thus, data for particular countries are subject to nonsampling error and perhaps

sampling error as well. Users should examine footnotes carefully to recognize some of the data limitations. UNESCO publishes the data in reports such as the Statistical Yearbook and

the Global Education Digest.

Further information on the Statistical Yearbook and the

Global Education Digest may be obtained from

UNESCO Institute for Statistics

Publications

C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville

Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7

Canada

http://www.uis.unesco.org 
APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources 673

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

1The SES index is a composite of five equally weighted measures: father’s education,

mother’s education, family income, father’s occupation, and presence of certain items in the

respondent’s household.

2Includes attendance at a vocational, trade, or business school, or 2-year college; or attendance at a 4-year college resulting in less than a bachelor’s degree.

3Includes those with a bachelor’s or higher level degree.

4Postsecondary education status was determined by students’ enrollment in academic or

vocational study during the four semesters—fall 1982, spring 1983, fall 1983, and spring

1984—following their scheduled high school graduation. Students who enrolled in full-time

study in each of the four semesters were classified as full time. Students who were enrolled

in part-time study in any of the four semesters and those who were enrolled in full-time

study in fewer than four semesters were classified as part time. Students who had neither

enrolled on a full-time nor part-time basis in each of the four semesters were classified as

never enrolled.

5Responses to questions concerning participation in each of 15 different extracurricular

activity areas (i.e., varsity sports, debate, band, subject-matter clubs, etc.) were used to

classify students’ overall level of participation in extracurricular activities. The difference

between the sum of the three category respondent counts and the total sample size is due

to missing data.

NOTE: Data from students who dropped out of school between the 10th and 12th grades

were not used in analyses of sophomore samples. Race categories exclude persons of

Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High

School and Beyond Study of 1980 Sophomores (HS&B-So:80/82, HS&B-So:80/84, and

HS&B-So:80/86); and High School and Beyond Study of 1980 Seniors (HS&B-Sr:80/82,

HS&B-Sr:80/84, and HS&B-SR:80/86).

Table A-1. Respondent counts for selected High School and Beyond surveys: 1982, 1984, and 1986

Classification variable and subgroup

Follow-up survey of

1980 sophomores

in 1982

Follow-up survey of

1980 seniors

in 1982

Follow-up survey of

1980 sophomores

in 1984

Follow-up survey of

1980 seniors

in 1984

Follow-up survey of

1980 sophomores

in 1986

Follow-up survey of

1980 seniors

in 1986

Total respondents (unweighted).................................... 25,830 11,230 11,460 10,930 11,250 10,540

Sex

Male .................................................................................. 12,720 5,210 5,510 5,060 5,390 4,830

Female.............................................................................. 13,110 6,010 5,950 5,870 5,860 5,700

Race/ethnicity

White................................................................................. 17,300 5,180 7,290 5,060 7,190 5,250

Black ................................................................................. 3,340 2,720 1,650 2,630 1,590 2,730

Hispanic ............................................................................ 4,440 2,750 1,800 2,650 1,750 1,950

Asian or Pacific Islander ................................................... 410 370 430 360 410 360

American Indian or Alaska Native..................................... 250 190 250 190 250 200

Other or unclassified......................................................... 100 20 50 50 70 60

Socioeconomic status composite (SES)1

Low ................................................................................... 6,750 3,940 2,830 3,860 2,750 3,670

Low-middle........................................................................ 6,230 2,390 2,620 2,310 2,560 2,290

High-middle....................................................................... 6,130 2,170 2,850 2,110 2,820 2,000

High .................................................................................. 6,340 1,990 3,090 1,940 3,040 1,900

Unclassified ...................................................................... 370 740 70 710 80 680

Father’s highest level of education

Less than high school ....................................................... 5,180 — — — — —

High school completion2 ................................................... 11,960 — — — — —

College graduate3 ............................................................. 5,170 — — — — —

Don’t know/missing........................................................... 3,520 — — — — —

High school program (self-reported)

Academic .......................................................................... 10,150 4,150 6,550 4,010 — 3,900

General ............................................................................. 8,790 3,830 3,470 3,760 — 3,600

Vocational ......................................................................... 6,660 2,660 3,610 2,580 — 2,480

Unclassified ...................................................................... 230 590 60 570 — 550

High school type

Public ................................................................................ — 9,970 8,650 9,730 — 9,390

Catholic............................................................................. — 960 2,480 910 — 880

Other private ..................................................................... — 290 340 290 — 280

Postsecondary education status4

Full-time ............................................................................ — — 4,470 — — —

Part-time ........................................................................... — — 3,280 — — —

Never enrolled................................................................... — — 3,680 — — —

Missing/unclassified.......................................................... — — 40 — — —

October 1980 postsecondary education attendance status

Part-time 2-year public institution...................................... — — — — — 350

Part-time 4-year public institution...................................... — — — — — 150

Full-time 2-year public institution ...................................... — — — — — 1,310

Full-time 4-year public institution ...................................... — — — — — 1,990

Full-time 4-year private institution ..................................... — — — — — 1,020

Not a student .................................................................... — — — — — 4,520

Other and missing............................................................. — — — — — 1,200

Postsecondary education plans

No plans............................................................................ — — — — — 1,620

Attend vocational/technical school.................................... — — — — — 1,840

Attend college less than 4 years....................................... — — — — — 1,530

Earn bachelor’s degree..................................................... — — — — — 2,630

Earn advanced degree ..................................................... — — — — — 2,270

Missing.............................................................................. — — — — — 650

Participation in high school extracurricular activities5

Never participated............................................................. — — — — — 1,020

Participated as a member................................................. — — — — — 4,100

Participated as a leader .................................................... — — — — — 4,460
674 APPENDIX A: Guide to Sources

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

—Not available.

†Not applicable. 

1The SES index is a composite of five equally weighted measures: father’s education,

mother’s education, family income, father’s occupation, and presence of certain items in the

respondent’s household.

NOTE: The design effect (DEFF) is the ratio of the true variance of a statistic (taking the complex sample design into account) to the variance of the statistic for a simple random sample

with the same number of cases. Design effects differ for different subgroups and different statistics; no single design effect is universally applicable to any given survey or analysis. The

root design effect (DEFT) is the square root of a design effect. The DEFF for the 1980 sophomore cohort first follow-up (1982) survey is 3.6 (with a DEFT of 1.89) and the DEFF for the

1980 senior first follow-up (1982) survey is 2.6 (with a DEFT of 1.62). Race categories

exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High

School and Beyond Study of 1980 Sophomores (HS&B-So:80/84 and HS&B-So:80/86); and

High School and Beyond Study of 1980 Seniors (HS&B-Sr:80/84 and HS&B-SR:80/86).

1Includes those who had not finished all requirements for teaching certification

or were previously qualified to teach.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 

Recent College Graduates (RCG) surveys, 1976, 1981, 1985, 1987, and 1991.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Status of the American Public School Teacher,

2005–06.

Table A-2. Design effects (DEFF) and root design effects (DEFT) for selected High School and Beyond surveys and subsamples: 1984 and 1986

Subsample characteristic

Follow-up survey of 

1980 sophomores in 1984

Follow-up survey of 

1980 seniors in1984

Follow-up survey of 1980 

sophomores in 1986

Follow-up survey of 

1980 seniors in 1986

DEFF DEFT DEFF DEFT DEFF DEFT DEFF DEFT

Total sample ......................................................................................................... 2.40 1.54 2.87 1.69 2.19 1.47 2.28 1.50

Sex

Male ....................................................................................................................... — † — † 2.07 1.43 2.13 1.45

Female................................................................................................................... — † — † 2.06 1.43 2.26 1.50

Race/ethnicity

White and other ..................................................................................................... 2.06 1.42 2.09 1.44 1.92 1.38 1.70 1.30

Black ...................................................................................................................... 2.22 1.47 2.26 1.50 2.19 1.47 2.40 1.54

Hispanic ................................................................................................................. 3.15 1.73 3.72 1.92 3.11 1.76 4.06 2.01

Socioeconomic status composite (SES)1

Low ........................................................................................................................ 1.91 1.37 2.28 1.50 1.83 1.35 2.31 1.51

Middle .................................................................................................................... 1.95 1.39 1.81 1.34 2.06 1.42 2.02 1.42

High ....................................................................................................................... 2.05 1.42 1.93 1.38 1.92 1.38 1.71 1.30

Table A-3. Respondent counts of full-time workers from the Recent College Graduates survey, by field of study: Selected years, 1976 to 1991

Field of study

Number employed full time

1974–75 graduates in

May 1976

1979–80 graduates in

May 1981

1983–84 graduates in

April 1985

1985–86 graduates in

April 1987

1989–90 graduates in

April 1991

Total respondents (unweighted)............................ 2,460 5,520 6,800 15,020 9,450

Professions.................................................................... 1,840 4,260 3,730 8,990 3,830

Arts and sciences .......................................................... 510 810 2,590 4,870 2,260

Other.............................................................................. 110 450 480 1,170 3,370

Newly qualified to teach................................................. 1,340 2,470 1,110 2,550 1,970

Not newly qualified to teach........................................... 1,130 3,050 5,690 12,480 7,490

Professions ................................................................ 600 1,840 2,810 7,040 2,550

Engineering............................................................ 80 270 600 920 410

Business and management ................................... 290 750 1,530 2,410 1,600

Health..................................................................... 70 250 390 3,110 280

Education1.............................................................. 140 460 150 520 190

Public affairs and services ..................................... 20 110 140 90 70

Arts and sciences ...................................................... 430 770 2,430 4,370 2,010

Biological sciences .................................................... 80 120 240 380 180

Physical sciences and mathematics ...................... 40 100 1,060 1,780 470

Psychology............................................................. 60 110 190 370 320

Social sciences ...................................................... 110 250 450 780 810

Humanities ............................................................. 140 190 490 1,060 230

Other.......................................................................... 90 440 450 1,070 2,930

Communications .................................................... 10 70 240 390 220

Miscellaneous ........................................................ 90 370 210 670 2,710

Table A-4. Minimum differences required for significance (90 percent confidence level) between sample subgroups from the “Status of the 

American Public School Teacher” survey: 2005–06

Size of first subgroup

Size of second subgroup

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

100................................................................ 11.6 10.1 9.5 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.8

200................................................................ 10.1 8.2 7.5 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.6

300................................................................ 9.5 7.5 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.7

400................................................................ 9.2 7.1 6.3 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.2

500................................................................ 9.0 6.9 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.8

600................................................................ 8.9 6.7 5.8 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.6

700................................................................ 8.8 6.6 5.7 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.4
DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 675

APPENDIX B

Definitions

Academic support This category of college expenditures

includes expenditures for support services that are an integral

part of the institution’s primary missions of instruction,

research, or public service. It also includes expenditures for

libraries, galleries, audio/visual services, academic computing

support, ancillary support, academic administration, personnel development, and course and curriculum development. 

Achievement levels, NAEP Specific achievement levels for

each subject area and grade to provide a context for interpreting student performance. At this time they are being

used on a trial basis.

Basic—denotes partial mastery of the knowledge and skills

that are fundamental for proficient work at a given grade.

Proficient—represents solid academic performance. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency

over challenging subject matter.

Advanced—signifies superior performance.

Achievement test An examination that measures the extent

to which a person has acquired certain information or mastered certain skills, usually as a result of specific instruction. 

ACT The ACT (formerly the American College Testing Program) assessment program measures educational development and readiness to pursue college-level coursework in

English, mathematics, natural science, and social studies.

Student performance on the tests does not reflect innate ability and is influenced by a student’s educational preparedness. 

Administrative support staff Includes personnel dealing with

salary, benefits, supplies, and contractual fees for the office

of the principal, full-time department chairpeople, and graduation expenses.

Agriculture Courses designed to improve competencies in

agricultural occupations. Included is the study of agricultural production, supplies, mechanization and products, agricultural science, forestry, and related services. 

Alternative schools Alternative schools serve students whose

needs cannot be met in a regular, special education, or vocational school. They provide nontraditional education and

may serve as an adjunct to a regular school. Although these

schools fall outside the categories of regular, special education, and vocational education, they may provide similar services or curriculum. Some examples of alternative schools

are schools for potential dropouts; residential treatment centers for substance abuse (if they provide elementary or secondary education); schools for chronic truants; and schools

for students with behavioral problems.

Appropriation (federal funds) Budget authority provided

through the congressional appropriation process that permits

federal agencies to incur obligations and to make payments. 

Appropriation (institutional revenues) An amount (other than

a grant or contract) received from or made available to an

institution through an act of a legislative body. 

Associate’s degree A degree granted for the successful completion of a sub-baccalaureate program of studies, usually

requiring at least 2 years (or equivalent) of full-time collegelevel study. This includes degrees granted in a cooperative or

work-study program. 

Auxiliary enterprises This category includes those essentially

self-supporting operations which exist to furnish a service to

students, faculty, or staff, and which charge a fee that is

directly related to, although not necessarily equal to, the cost

of the service. Examples are residence halls, food services,

college stores, and intercollegiate athletics. 

Average daily attendance (ADA) The aggregate attendance of

a school during a reporting period (normally a school year)

divided by the number of days school is in session during

this period. Only days on which the pupils are under the

guidance and direction of teachers should be considered

days in session. 

Average daily membership (ADM) The aggregate membership

of a school during a reporting period (normally a school year)

divided by the number of days school is in session during this

period. Only days on which the pupils are under the guidance

and direction of teachers should be considered as days in session. The average daily membership for groups of schools

having varying lengths of terms is the average of the average

daily memberships obtained for the individual schools. 
676 APPENDIX B: Definitions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Bachelor’s degree A degree granted for the successful completion of a baccalaureate program of studies, usually requiring at least 4 years (or equivalent) of full-time college-level

study. This includes degrees granted in a cooperative or

work-study program. 

Books Non-periodical printed publications bound in hard or

soft covers, or in loose-leaf format, of at least 49 pages,

exclusive of the cover pages; juvenile nonperiodical publications of any length found in hard or soft covers.

Budget authority (BA) Authority provided by law to enter

into obligations that will result in immediate or future outlays. It may be classified by the period of availability (1-

year, multiple-year, no-year), by the timing of congressional

action (current or permanent), or by the manner of determining the amount available (definite or indefinite). 

Business Program of instruction that prepares individuals

for a variety of activities in planning, organizing, directing,

and controlling business office systems and procedures. 

Capital outlay Funds for the acquisition of land and buildings; building construction, remodeling, and additions; the

initial installation or extension of service systems and other

built-in equipment; and site improvement. The category also

encompasses architectural and engineering services including the development of blueprints. 

Carnegie unit The number of credits a student received for a

course taken every day, one period per day, for a full year; a

factor used to standardize all credits indicated on transcripts

across studies. 

Catholic school A private school over which a Roman Catholic church group exercises some control or provides some

form of subsidy. Catholic schools for the most part include

those operated or supported by a parish, a group of parishes,

a diocese, or a Catholic religious order. 

Central cities The largest cities, with 50,000 or more inhabitants, in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Additional

cities within the metropolitan area can also be classified as

“central cities” if they meet certain employment, population,

and employment/residence ratio requirements.

City school See Locale codes.

Class size The membership of a class at a given date. 

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) The CIP is a

taxonomic coding scheme that contains titles and descriptions of primarily postsecondary instructional programs. It

was developed to facilitate NCES’s collection and reporting

of postsecondary degree completions by major field of study

using standard classifications that capture the majority of

reportable program activity. It was originally published in

1980 and was revised in 1985, 1990, and 2000.

Classification of Secondary School Courses (CSSC) A modification of the Classification of Instructional Programs used

for classifying high school courses. The CSSC contains over

2,200 course codes that help compare the thousands of high

school transcripts collected from different schools.

Classroom teacher A staff member assigned the professional

activities of instructing pupils in self-contained classes or

courses, or in classroom situations; usually expressed in fulltime equivalents. 

Cohort A group of individuals that have a statistical factor in

common, for example, year of birth. 

College A postsecondary school which offers general or liberal arts education, usually leading to an associate, bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, or first-professional degree. Junior

colleges and community colleges are included under this terminology. 

Combined elementary and secondary school A school which

encompasses instruction at both the elementary and the secondary levels; includes schools starting with grade 6 or

below and ending with grade 9 or above. 

Combined Statistical Area (CSA) A combination of areas,

each of which contains a core with a substantial population

nucleus as well as adjacent communities having a high

degree of economic and social integration with that core. A

CSA is a region with social and economic ties as measured

by commuting, but at lower levels than are found within

each component area. CSAs represent larger regions that

reflect broader social and economic interactions, such as

wholesaling, commodity distribution, and weekend recreation activities. 

Computer science A group of instructional programs that

describes computer and information sciences, including

computer programming, data processing, and information

systems. 

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) An area

that meets the requirements of a Metropolitan Statistical

Area (MSA—see below) and has a population of 1 million

or more, the components of which are large urbanized counties or a cluster of counties (cities and towns in New

England) having moderate to substantial commuting and

employment interchange. 

Constant dollars Dollar amounts that have been adjusted by

means of price and cost indexes to eliminate inflationary

factors and allow direct comparison across years. 
APPENDIX B: Definitions 677

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Consumer Price Index (CPI) This price index measures the

average change in the cost of a fixed market basket of goods

and services purchased by consumers. 

Consumption That portion of income which is spent on the

purchase of goods and services rather than being saved. 

Control of institutions A classification of institutions of elementary/secondary or higher education by whether the institution is operated by publicly elected or appointed officials and

derives its primary support from public funds (public control)

or by privately elected or appointed officials and derives its

major source of funds from private sources (private control).

Credit The unit of value, awarded for the successful completion of certain courses, intended to indicate the quantity of

course instruction in relation to the total requirements for a

diploma, certificate, or degree. Credits are frequently

expressed in terms such as "Carnegie units," "semester

credit hours," and "quarter credit hours." 

Current dollars Dollar amounts that have not been adjusted

to compensate for inflation. 

Current expenditures (elementary/secondary) The expenditures for operating local public schools, excluding capital

outlay and interest on school debt. These expenditures

include such items as salaries for school personnel, fixed

charges, student transportation, school books and materials,

and energy costs. Beginning in 1980–81, expenditures for

state administration are excluded. 

Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance

Current expenditures for the regular school term divided by

the average daily attendance of full-time pupils (or full-time

equivalency of pupils) during the term. See also Current

expenditures and Average daily attendance. 

Current-fund expenditures (higher education) Money spent to

meet current operating costs, including salaries, wages, utilities, student services, public services, research libraries,

scholarships and fellowships, auxiliary enterprises, hospitals, and independent operations; excludes loans, capital

expenditures, and investments. 

Current-fund revenues (higher education) Money received

during the current fiscal year from revenue which can be

used to pay obligations currently due, and surpluses reappropriated for the current fiscal year. 

Current Population Survey See Appendix A: Guide to Sources. 

Degree-granting institutions Postsecondary institutions that

are eligible for Title IV federal financial aid programs and

grant an associate's or higher degree. For an institution to be

eligible to participate in Title IV financial aid programs it

must offer a program of at least 300 clock hours in length,

have accreditation recognized by the U.S. Department of

Education, have been in business for at least 2 years, and

have signed a participation agreement with the Department.

Disabilities, children with Those children evaluated as having

any of the following impairments and needing special education and related services because of these impairments.

(These definitions apply specifically to data from the U.S.

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services presented in this publication.) 

Deaf-blindness Having concomitant hearing and visual

impairments which cause such severe communication

and other developmental and educational problems that

the student cannot be accommodated in special education

programs solely for deaf or blind students. 

Deafness Having a hearing impairment which is so severe

that the student is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing (with or without amplification)

and which adversely affects educational performance. 

Hearing impairment Having a hearing impairment, whether

permanent or fluctuating, which adversely affects the student's educational performance, but which is not included

under the definition of “deaf” in this section. 

Intellectual disability Having significantly subaverage

general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently

with defects in adaptive behavior and manifested during

the developmental period, which adversely affects the

child’s educational performance. 

Multiple disabilities Having concomitant impairments

(such as intellectually disabled-blind, intellectually disabled-orthopedically impaired, etc.), the combination of

which causes such severe educational problems that the

student cannot be accommodated in special education

programs solely for one of the impairments. Term does

not include deaf-blind students. 

Orthopedic impairment Having a severe orthopedic

impairment which adversely affects a student’s educational performance. The term includes impairment resulting from congenital anomaly, disease, or other causes. 

Other health impairment Having limited strength, vitality,

or alertness due to chronic or acute health problems, such

as a heart condition, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever,

nephritis, asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes which

adversely affects the student’s educational performance. 

Serious emotional disturbance Exhibiting one or more of

the following characteristics over a long period of time,

to a marked degree, and adversely affecting educational

performance: an inability to learn which cannot be

explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; an

inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal

relationships with peers and teachers; inappropriate types

of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances; a
678 APPENDIX B: Definitions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; or

a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. This term does not

include children who are socially maladjusted, unless

they also display one or more of the listed characteristics. 

Specific learning disability Having a disorder in one or

more of the basic psychological processes involved in

understanding or in using spoken or written language,

which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen,

think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. The term includes such conditions as perceptual

disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. The term does not

include children who have learning problems which are

primarily the result of visual, hearing, or environmental,

cultural, or economic disadvantage. 

Speech/language impairment Having a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language

impairment, or voice impairment, which adversely affects

the student’s educational performance. 

Visual impairment Having a visual impairment which,

even with correction, adversely affects the student's educational performance. The term includes partially seeing

and blind children. 

Discipline divisions Degree programs that include breakouts

to the 6-digit level of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). See also Fields of study. 

Disposable personal income Current income received by persons less their contributions for social insurance, personal

tax, and nontax payments. It is the income available to persons for spending and saving. Nontax payments include

passport fees, fines and penalties, donations, and tuitions

and fees paid to schools and hospitals operated mainly by the

government. See also Personal income. 

Doctor’s degree An earned degree carrying the title of Doctor.

The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph.D.) is the highest academic degree and requires mastery within a field of knowledge and demonstrated ability to perform scholarly research.

Other doctorates are awarded for fulfilling specialized

requirements in professional fields, such as education (Ed.D.),

musical arts (D.M.A.), business administration (D.B.A.), and

engineering (D.Eng. or D.E.S.). Many doctor’s degrees in

academic and professional fields require an earned master’s

degree as a prerequisite. First-professional degrees, such as

M.D. and D.D.S., are not included under this heading. 

Educational and general expenditures The sum of current

funds expenditures on instruction, research, public service,

academic support, student services, institutional support,

operation and maintenance of plant, and awards from

restricted and unrestricted funds. 

Educational attainment The highest grade of regular school

attended and completed. 

Elementary education/programs Learning experiences concerned with the knowledge, skills, appreciations, attitudes,

and behavioral characteristics which are considered to be

needed by all pupils in terms of their awareness of life within

our culture and the world of work, and which normally may

be achieved during the elementary school years (usually kindergarten through grade 8 or kindergarten through grade 6),

as defined by applicable state laws and regulations. 

Elementary school A school classified as elementary by state

and local practice and composed of any span of grades not

above grade 8. A preschool or kindergarten school is

included under this heading only if it is an integral part of an

elementary school or a regularly established school system. 

Elementary/secondary school As reported in this publication,

includes only regular schools (i.e., schools that are part of

state and local school systems, and also most not-for-profit

private elementary/secondary schools, both religiously affiliated and nonsectarian). Schools not reported include subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education,

residential schools for exceptional children, federal schools

for American Indians, and federal schools on military posts

and other federal installations. 

Employment Includes civilian, noninstitutional persons who:

(1) worked during any part of the survey week as paid employees; worked in their own business, profession, or farm; or

worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-owned

enterprise; or (2) were not working but had jobs or businesses

from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad

weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons whether or not they were seeking another job. 

Endowment A trust fund set aside to provide a perpetual

source of revenue from the proceeds of the endowment

investments. Endowment funds are often created by donations from benefactors of an institution, who may designate

the use of the endowment revenue. Normally, institutions or

their representatives manage the investments, but they are

not permitted to spend the endowment fund itself, only the

proceeds from the investments. Typical uses of endowments

would be an endowed chair for a particular department or for

a scholarship fund. Endowment totals tabulated in this book

also include funds functioning as endowments, such as

funds left over from the previous year and placed with the

endowment investments by the institution. These funds may

be withdrawn by the institution and spent as current funds at

any time. Endowments are evaluated by two different measures, book value and market value. Book value is the purchase price of the endowment investment. Market value is

the current worth of the endowment investment. Thus, the

book value of a stock held in an endowment fund would be
APPENDIX B: Definitions 679

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

the purchase price of the stock. The market value of the

stock would be its selling price as of a given day. 

Engineering Instructional programs that describe the mathematical and natural science knowledge gained by study,

experience, and practice and applied with judgment to

develop ways to utilize the materials and forces of nature

economically. Include programs that prepare individuals to

support and assist engineers and similar professionals.

English A group of instructional programs that describes the

English language arts, including composition, creative writing, and the study of literature. 

Enrollment The total number of students registered in a given

school unit at a given time, generally in the fall of a year. 

Expenditures Charges incurred, whether paid or unpaid, which

are presumed to benefit the current fiscal year. For elementary/

secondary schools, these include all charges for current outlays

plus capital outlays and interest on school debt. For institutions

of higher education, these include current outlays plus capital

outlays. For government, these include charges net of recoveries and other correcting transactions other than for retirement of

debt, investment in securities, extension of credit, or as agency

transactions. Government expenditures include only external

transactions, such as the provision of perquisites or other payments in kind. Aggregates for groups of governments exclude

intergovernmental transactions among the governments. 

Expenditures per pupil Charges incurred for a particular

period of time divided by a student unit of measure, such as

average daily attendance or fall enrollment. 

Extracurricular activities Activities that are not part of the

required curriculum and that take place outside of the regular course of study. As used here, they include both schoolsponsored (e.g., varsity athletics, drama, and debate clubs)

and community-sponsored (e.g., hobby clubs and youth

organizations like the Junior Chamber of Commerce or Boy

Scouts) activities. 

Family A group of two people or more (one of whom is the

householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and

residing together. All such people (including related subfamily members) are considered as members of one family. 

Federal funds Amounts collected and used by the federal government for the general purposes of the government. There are

four types of federal fund accounts: the general fund, special

funds, public enterprise funds, and intragovernmental funds.

The major federal fund is the general fund, which is derived

from general taxes and borrowing. Federal funds also include

certain earmarked collections, such as those generated by and

used to finance a continuing cycle of business-type operations. 

Federal sources Includes federal appropriations, grants, and

contracts, and federally-funded research and development

centers (FFRDCs). Federally subsidized student loans are

not included.

Fields of study Degree programs that are broken out only to

the 2-digit level of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). See also Discipline divisions.

First-professional degree A degree that signifies both completion of the academic requirements for beginning practice in a

given profession and a level of professional skill beyond that

normally required for a bachelor's degree. This degree usually

is based on a program requiring at least 2 academic years of

work prior to entrance and a total of at least 6 academic years

of work to complete the degree program, including both priorrequired college work and the professional program itself. By

NCES definition, first-professional degrees are awarded in the

fields of dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.), medicine (M.D.),

optometry (O.D.), osteopathic medicine (D.O.), pharmacy

(D.Phar.), podiatric medicine (D.P.M.), veterinary medicine

(D.V.M.), chiropractic (D.C. or D.C.M.), law (J.D.), and theological professions (M.Div. or M.H.L.). 

First-professional enrollment The number of students enrolled

in a professional school or program which requires at least 2

years of academic college work for entrance and a total of at

least 6 years for a degree. By NCES definition, first-professional enrollment includes only students in certain programs.

(See also First-professional degree for a list of programs.) 

Fiscal year The yearly accounting period for the federal government, which begins on October 1 and ends on the following September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the

calendar year in which it ends; e.g., fiscal year 2006 begins

on October 1, 2005, and ends on September 30, 2006. (From

fiscal year 1844 to fiscal year 1976, the fiscal year began on

July 1 and ended on the following June 30.) 

Foreign languages A group of instructional programs that

describes the structure and use of language that is common

or indigenous to people of the same community or nation,

the same geographical area, or the same cultural traditions.

Programs cover such features as sound, literature, syntax,

phonology, semantics, sentences, prose, and verse, as well as

the development of skills and attitudes used in communicating and evaluating thoughts and feelings through oral and

written language. 

For-profit institution A private institution in which the individual(s) or agency in control receives compensation other than

wages, rent, or other expenses for the assumption of risk.

Full-time enrollment The number of students enrolled in

higher education courses with total credit load equal to at

least 75 percent of the normal full-time course load.
680 APPENDIX B: Definitions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Full-time-equivalent (FTE) enrollment For institutions of

higher education, enrollment of full-time students, plus the

full-time equivalent of part-time students. The full-time

equivalent of the part-time students is estimated using different factors depending on the type and control of institution

and level of student. 

Full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff Full-time staff, plus the fulltime equivalent of the part-time staff.

Full-time-equivalent teacher See Instructional staff.

Full-time instructional faculty Those members of the instruction/research staff who are employed full time as defined by

the institution, including faculty with released time for

research and faculty on sabbatical leave. Full time counts

exclude faculty who are employed to teach less than two

semesters, three quarters, two trimesters, or two 4-month

sessions; replacements for faculty on sabbatical leave or

those on leave without pay; faculty for preclinical and clinical medicine; faculty who are donating their services; faculty who are members of military organizations and paid on

a different pay scale from civilian employees; academic

officers, whose primary duties are administrative; and graduate students who assist in the instruction of courses. 

Full-time worker In educational institutions, an employee

whose position requires being on the job on school days

throughout the school year at least the number of hours the

schools are in session. For higher education, a member of an

educational institution’s staff who is employed full time. 

General administration support services Includes salary, benefits, supplies, and contractual fees for boards of education staff

and executive administration. Excludes state administration.

General Educational Development (GED) program Academic

instruction to prepare persons to take the high school equivalency examination. See also GED recipient. 

GED recipient A person who has obtained certification of high

school equivalency by meeting state requirements and passing

an approved exam, which is intended to provide an appraisal

of the person’s achievement or performance in the broad subject matter areas usually required for high school graduation. 

General program A program of studies designed to prepare

students for the common activities of a citizen, family member, and worker. A general program of studies may include

instruction in both academic and vocational areas. 

Government appropriation An amount (other than a grant or

contract) received from or made available to an institution

through an act of a legislative body. 

Government grant or contract Revenues from a government

agency for a specific research project or other program. 

Graduate An individual who has received formal recognition

for the successful completion of a prescribed program of

studies. 

Graduate enrollment The number of students who hold the

bachelor’s or first-professional degree, or the equivalent, and

who are working towards a master’s or doctor’s degree. Firstprofessional students are counted separately. These enrollment data measure those students who are registered at a particular time during the fall. At some institutions, graduate

enrollment also includes students who are in postbaccalaureate classes, but not in degree programs. In most tables, graduate enrollment includes all students in regular graduate

programs and all students in postbaccalaureate classes, but not

in degree programs (unclassified postbaccalaureate students). 

Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Multiple-choice examinations administered by the Educational Testing Service and

taken by college students who are intending to attend certain

graduate schools. There are two types of testing available: (1)

the general exam which measures critical thinking, analytical

writing, verbal reasoning, and quantitative reasoning skills,

and (2) the subject test which is offered in eight specific subjects and gauges undergraduate achievement in a specific

field. The subject tests are intended for those who have

majored in or have extensive background in that specific area.

Graduation Formal recognition given an individual for the

successful completion of a prescribed program of studies. 

Gross domestic product (GDP) The total national output of

goods and services valued at market prices. GDP can be

viewed in terms of expenditure categories which include purchases of goods and services by consumers and government,

gross private domestic investment, and net exports of goods

and services. The goods and services included are largely

those bought for final use (excluding illegal transactions) in

the market economy. A number of inclusions, however, represent imputed values, the most important of which is rental

value of owner-occupied housing. GDP, in this broad context,

measures the output attributable to the factors of production—

labor and property—supplied by U.S. residents. 

Handicapped See Disabilities, children with.

Higher education Study beyond secondary school at an institution that offers programs terminating in an associate, baccalaureate, or higher degree. 

Higher education institutions (basic classification)

4-year institution An institution legally authorized to offer

and offering at least a 4-year program of college-level

studies wholly or principally creditable toward a baccalaureate degree. In some tables, a further division

between universities and other 4-year institutions is

made. A “university” is a postsecondary institution which
APPENDIX B: Definitions 681

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

typically comprises one or more graduate professional

schools (see also University). For purposes of trend comparisons in this volume, the selection of universities has

been held constant for all tabulations after 1982. “Other

4-year institutions” would include the rest of the nonuniversity 4-year institutions. 

2-year institution An institution legally authorized to offer

and offering at least a 2-year program of college-level

studies which terminates in an associate degree or is principally creditable toward a baccalaureate degree. Also

includes some institutions that have a less than 2-year

program, but were designated as institutions of higher

education in the Higher Education General Information

Survey. 

Higher education institutions (Carnegie classification)

Doctorate-granting Characterized by a significant level and

breadth of activity in commitment to doctoral-level education as measured by the number of doctorate recipients and

the diversity in doctoral-level program offerings. These

institutions are assigned to one of the three subcategories

listed below based on level of research activity (for more

information on the research activity index used to assign

institutions to the subcategories, see http://www.carnegie

foundation.org/classifications/index.asp?key=798#related):

Research university, very high Characterized by a very

high level of research activity.

Research university, high Characterized by a high level

of research activity.

Doctoral/research university Awarding at least 20 doctor’s degrees per year, but not having a high level of

research activity.

Master’s Characterized by diverse postbaccalaureate programs (including first-professional), but not engaged in

significant doctoral-level education. 

Baccalaureate Characterized by primary emphasis on general undergraduate, baccalaureate-level education. Not significantly engaged in postbaccalaureate education. 

Special focus Baccalaureate or postbaccalaureate institution emphasizing one area (plus closely related specialties), such as business or engineering. The programmatic

emphasis is measured by the percentage of degrees

granted in the program area. 

Associate’s Conferring at least 90 percent of its degrees

and awards for work below the bachelor's level. 

Tribal Colleges and universities that are members of the

American Indian Higher Education Consortium, as identified in IPEDS Institutional Characteristics.

Non-degree-granting Offering undergraduate or graduate

study, but not conferring degrees or awards. In this volume, these institutions are included under Specialized. 

Higher Education Price Index A price index which measures

average changes in the prices of goods and services purchased by colleges and universities through current-fund

education and general expenditures (excluding expenditures

for sponsored research and auxiliary enterprises). 

High school A secondary school offering the final years of

high school work necessary for graduation, usually includes

grades 10, 11, 12 (in a 6-3-3 plan) or grades 9, 10, 11, and 12

(in a 6-2-4 plan). 

High school program A program of studies designed to prepare students for their postsecondary education and occupation. Three types of programs are usually distinguished—

academic, vocational, and general. An academic program is

designed to prepare students for continued study at a college

or university. A vocational program is designed to prepare

students for employment in one or more semiskilled, skilled,

or technical occupations. A general program is designed to

provide students with the understanding and competence to

function effectively in a free society and usually represents a

mixture of academic and vocational components. 

Hispanic serving institutions Pursuant to 302 (d) of Public

Law 102-325 (20 U.S.C. 1059c), most recently amended

December 20, 1993, in 2(a)(7) of Public Law 103-208,

where Hispanic serving institutions are defined as those with

full-time-equivalent undergraduate enrollment of Hispanic

students at 25 percent or more. 

Historically black colleges and universities Accredited institutions of higher education established prior to 1964 with the

principal mission of educating black Americans. Federal

regulations (20 U.S.C. 1061 (2)) allow for certain exceptions

of the founding date.

Household All the people who occupy a housing unit. A

house, apartment, mobile home, or other group of rooms, or

a single room is regarded as a housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters,

that is, when the occupants do not live and eat with any other

people in the structure, and there is direct access from the

outside or through a common hall. 

Housing unit A house, an apartment, a mobile home, a group

of rooms, or a single room that is occupied as separate living

quarters. 

Income tax Taxes levied on net income, that is, on gross

income less certain deductions permitted by law. These taxes

can be levied on individuals or on corporations or unincorporated businesses where the income is taxed distinctly from

individual income. 

Independent operations A group of self-supporting activities

under control of a college or university. For purposes of financial surveys conducted by the National Center for Education
682 APPENDIX B: Definitions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Statistics, this category is composed principally of federally

funded research and development centers (FFRDC). 

Institutional support The category of higher education

expenditures that includes day-to-day operational support

for colleges, excluding expenditures for physical plant operations. Examples of institutional support include general

administrative services, executive direction and planning,

legal and fiscal operations, and community relations. 

Instruction (colleges and universities) That functional category including expenditures of the colleges, schools, departments, and other instructional divisions of higher education

institutions and expenditures for departmental research and

public service which are not separately budgeted; includes

expenditures for both credit and noncredit activities.

Excludes expenditures for academic administration where

the primary function is administration (e.g., academic deans). 

Instruction (elementary and secondary) Instruction encompasses all activities dealing directly with the interaction

between teachers and students. Teaching may be provided

for students in a school classroom, in another location such

as a home or hospital, and in other learning situations such as

those involving co-curricular activities. Instruction may be

provided through some other approved medium, such as

television, radio, telephone, and correspondence. Instruction

expenditures include: salaries, employee benefits, purchased

services, supplies, and tuition to private schools.

Instructional staff Full-time-equivalent number of positions,

not the number of different individuals occupying the positions

during the school year. In local schools, includes all public elementary and secondary (junior and senior high) day-school

positions that are in the nature of teaching or in the improvement of the teaching-learning situation; includes consultants or

supervisors of instruction, principals, teachers, guidance personnel, librarians, psychological personnel, and other instructional staff, and excludes administrative staff, attendance

personnel, clerical personnel, and junior college staff. 

Instructional support services Includes salary, benefits, supplies, and contractual fees for staff providing instructional

improvement, educational media (library and audiovisual),

and other instructional support services.

Junior high school A separately organized and administered

secondary school intermediate between the elementary and

senior high schools, usually includes grades 7, 8, and 9 (in a

6-3-3 plan) or grades 7 and 8 (in a 6-2-4 plan). 

Labor force People employed as civilians, unemployed but

looking for work, or in the armed services during the survey

week. The “civilian labor force” comprises all civilians classified as employed or unemployed. See also Unemployed.

Land-grant colleges The First Morrill Act of 1862 facilitated

the establishment of colleges through grants of land or funds

in lieu of land. The Second Morrill Act in 1890 provided for

money grants and for the establishment of black land-grant

colleges and universities in those states with dual systems of

higher education.

Local education agency (LEA) See School district. 

Locale codes A classification system to describe a location.

The “Metro-Centric” locale codes, developed in the 1980s,

classified all schools and school districts based on their

county’s proximity to metro statistical areas (MSA) and their

specific location’s population size and density. In 2006, the

“Urban-Centric” locale codes were introduced. These locale

codes are based on an address’s proximity to an urbanized

area. For more information see http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/

rural_locales.asp.

Pre-2006 Metro-Centric Locale Codes

Large City: A central city of a consolidated metropolitan

statistical area (CMSA) or MSA, with the city having a

population greater than or equal to 250,000. 

Mid-size City: A central city of a CMSA or MSA, with the

city having a population less than 250,000. 

Urban Fringe of a Large City: Any territory within a

CMSA or MSA of a Large City and defined as urban by

the Census Bureau. 

Urban Fringe of a Mid-size City: Any territory within a

CMSA or MSA of a Mid-size City and defined as urban

by the Census Bureau. 

Large Town: An incorporated place or Census-designated

place with a population greater than or equal to 25,000

and located outside a CMSA or MSA. 

Small Town: An incorporated place or Census-designated

place with a population less than 25,000 and greater than

or equal to 2,500 and located outside a CMSA or MSA. 

Rural, Outside MSA: Any territory designated as rural by

the Census Bureau that is outside a CMSA or MSA of a

Large or Mid-size City. 

Rural, Inside MSA: Any territory designated as rural by the

Census Bureau that is within a CMSA or MSA of a Large

or Mid-size City. 

2006 Urban-Centric Locale Codes

City, Large: Territory inside an urbanized area and inside

a principal city with population of 250,000 or more. 

City, Midsize: Territory inside an urbanized area and

inside a principal city with population less than 250,000

and greater than or equal to 100,000. 

City, Small: Territory inside an urbanized area and inside a

principal city with population less than 100,000. 
APPENDIX B: Definitions 683

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Suburb, Large: Territory outside a principal city and

inside an urbanized area with population of 250,000 or

more. 

Suburb, Midsize: Territory outside a principal city and

inside an urbanized area with population less than

250,000 and greater than or equal to 100,000. 

Suburb, Small: Territory outside a principal city and

inside an urbanized area with population less than

100,000. 

Town, Fringe: Territory inside an urban cluster that is less

than or equal to 10 miles from an urbanized area.

Town, Distant: Territory inside an urban cluster that is

more than 10 miles and less than or equal to 35 miles

from an urbanized area. 

Town, Remote: Territory inside an urban cluster that is

more than 35 miles from an urbanized area. 

Rural, Fringe: Census-defined rural territory that is less

than or equal to 5 miles from an urbanized area, as well as

rural territory that is less than or equal to 2.5 miles from

an urban cluster. 

Rural, Distant: Census-defined rural territory that is more

than 5 miles but less than or equal to 25 miles from an

urbanized area, as well as rural territory that is more than

2.5 miles but less than or equal to 10 miles from an urban

cluster. 

Rural, Remote: Census-defined rural territory that is more

than 25 miles from an urbanized area and is also more

than 10 miles from an urban cluster.

Mandatory transfer A transfer of current funds that must be

made in order to fulfill a binding legal obligation of the institution. Included under mandatory transfers are debt service

provisions relating to academic and administrative buildings, including (1) amounts set aside for debt retirement and

interest and (2) required provisions for renewal and replacement of buildings to the extent these are not financed from

other funds. 

Master’s degree A degree awarded for successful completion

of a program generally requiring 1 or 2 years of full-time

college-level study beyond the bachelor's degree. One type of

master’s degree, including the Master of Arts degree, or

M.A., and the Master of Science degree, or M.S., is awarded

in the liberal arts and sciences for advanced scholarship in a

subject field or discipline and demonstrated ability to

perform scholarly research. A second type of master’s degree

is awarded for the completion of a professionally oriented

program, for example, an M.Ed. in education, an M.B.A. in

business administration, an M.F.A. in fine arts, an M.M. in

music, an M.S.W. in social work, and an M.P.A. in public

administration. A third type of master’s degree is awarded in

professional fields for study beyond the first-professional

degree, for example, the Master of Laws (L.L.M.) and Master

of Science in various medical specializations. Master’s of

divinity degrees (CIP Code 39.0602) are included under firstprofessional degrees, rather than under master’s degrees.

Mathematics A group of instructional programs that

describes the science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, and abstractions

and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations, and generalizations.

Mean test score The score obtained by dividing the sum of

the scores of all individuals in a group by the number of individuals in that group. 

Metropolitan population The population residing in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). See Metropolitan Statistical Area. 

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) A large population

nucleus and the nearby communities which have a high

degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus.

Each MSA consists of one or more entire counties (or county

equivalents) that meet specified standards pertaining to population, commuting ties, and metropolitan character. In New

England, towns and cities, rather than counties, are the basic

units. MSAs are designated by the Office of Management

and Budget. An MSA includes a city and, generally, its

entire urban area and the remainder of the county or counties

in which the urban area is located. An MSA also includes

such additional outlying counties which meet specified criteria relating to metropolitan character and level of commuting of workers into the central city or counties. Specified

criteria governing the definition of MSAs recognized before

1980 are published in Standard Metropolitan Statistical

Areas: 1975, issued by the Office of Management and Budget. New MSAs were designated when 1980 counts showed

that they met one or both of the following criteria: 

1. Included a city with a population of at least 50,000

within their corporate limits, or 

2. Included a Census Bureau-defined urbanized area

(which must have a population of at least 50,000) and a

total MSA population of at least 100,000 (or, in New

England, 75,000). 

Migration Geographic mobility involving a change of usual

residence between clearly defined geographic units, that is,

between counties, states, or regions. 

Minimum-competency testing Measuring the acquisition of

competence or skills to or beyond a certain specified standard. 

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) See

Appendix A: Guide to Sources. 

Newly qualified teacher People who: (1) first became eligible

for a teaching license during the period of the study refer-
684 APPENDIX B: Definitions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

enced or who were teaching at the time of survey, but were

not certified or eligible for a teaching license; and (2) had

never held full-time, regular teaching positions (as opposed

to substitute) prior to completing the requirements for the

degree which brought them into the survey. 

Nonmetropolitan residence group The population residing

outside Metropolitan Statistical Areas. See Metropolitan

Statistical Area. 

Nonresident alien A person who is not a citizen of the United

States and who is in this country on a temporary basis and

does not have the right to remain indefinitely. 

Nonsupervisory instructional staff People such as curriculum

specialists, counselors, librarians, remedial specialists, and

others possessing education certification, but not responsible

for day-to-day teaching of the same group of pupils. 

Not-for-profit institution A private institution in which the

individual(s) or agency in control receives no compensation

other than wages, rent, or other expenses for the assumption

of risk. Not-for-profit institutions may be either independent

not-for-profit (i.e., having no religious affiliation) or religiously affiliated.

Obligations Amounts of orders placed, contracts awarded,

services received, or similar legally binding commitments

made by federal agencies during a given period that will

require outlays during the same or some future period. 

Occupational home economics Courses of instruction emphasizing the acquisition of competencies needed for getting and

holding a job or preparing for advancement in an occupational

area using home economics knowledge and skills. 

Occupied housing unit Separate living quarters with occupants currently inhabiting the unit. See also Housing unit.

Off-budget federal entities Organizational entities, federally

owned in whole or in part, whose transactions belong in the

budget under current budget accounting concepts, but that have

been excluded from the budget totals under provisions of law. 

Operation and maintenance services Includes salary, benefits,

supplies, and contractual fees for supervision of operations

and maintenance, operating buildings (heating, lighting, ventilating, repair, and replacement), care and upkeep of grounds

and equipment, vehicle operations and maintenance (other

than student transportation), security, and other operations and

maintenance services.

Other foreign languages and literatures Any instructional

program in foreign languages and literatures not listed in the

table, including language groups and individual languages,

such as the non-Semitic African languages, Native American languages, the Celtic languages, Pacific language

groups, the Ural-Altaic languages, Basque, and others.

Other support services Includes salary, benefits, supplies, and

contractual fees for business support services, central support

services, and other support services not otherwise classified.

Other support services staff All staff not reported in other categories. This group includes media personnel, social workers,

bus drivers, security, cafeteria workers, and other staff.

Outlays The value of checks issued, interest accrued on the

public debt, or other payments made, net of refunds and

reimbursements. 

Part-time enrollment The number of students enrolled in

higher education courses with a total credit load less than 75

percent of the normal full-time credit load. 

Personal income Current income received by people from all

sources, minus their personal contributions for social insurance. Classified as “people” are individuals (including owners of unincorporated firms), nonprofit institutions serving

individuals, private trust funds, and private noninsured welfare funds. Personal income includes transfers (payments

not resulting from current production) from government and

business such as social security benefits and military pensions, but excludes transfers among people. 

Physical plant assets Includes the values of land, buildings,

and equipment owned, rented, or utilized by colleges. Does

not include those plant values which are a part of endowment or other capital fund investments in real estate;

excludes construction in progress. 

Postbaccalaureate enrollment The number of graduate and

first-professional students working towards advanced

degrees and of students enrolled in graduate-level classes,

but not enrolled in degree programs. See also Graduate

enrollment and First-professional enrollment. 

Postsecondary education The provision of formal instructional

programs with a curriculum designed primarily for students

who have completed the requirements for a high school

diploma or equivalent. This includes programs of an academic,

vocational, and continuing professional education purpose,

and excludes avocational and adult basic education programs. 

Private school or institution A school or institution which is

controlled by an individual or agency other than a state, a

subdivision of a state, or the federal government, which is

usually supported primarily by other than public funds, and

the operation of whose program rests with other than publicly elected or appointed officials. Private schools and institutions include both not-for-profit and for-profit institutions.
APPENDIX B: Definitions 685

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Property tax The sum of money collected from a tax levied

against the value of property. 

Proprietary (for profit) institution A private institution in

which the individual(s) or agency in control receives compensation other than wages, rent, or other expenses for the

assumption of risk.

Public school or institution A school or institution controlled

and operated by publicly elected or appointed officials and

deriving its primary support from public funds. 

Pupil/teacher ratio The enrollment of pupils at a given period

of time, divided by the full-time-equivalent number of classroom teachers serving these pupils during the same period. 

Racial/ethnic group Classification indicating general racial

or ethnic heritage. Race/ethnicity data are based on the Hispanic ethnic category and the race categories listed below

(five single-race categories, plus the Two or more races category). Throughout the Digest, race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity unless otherwise noted.

White: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.

Black or African American: A person having origins in any

of the black racial groups of Africa. Used interchangeably with the shortened term Black.

Hispanic or Latino: A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto

Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Used interchangeably

with the shortened term Hispanic.

Asian: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India,

Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands,

Thailand, and Vietnam.

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: A person having

origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam,

Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. 

American Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins

in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains

tribal affiliation or community attachment. 

Two or more races: A person identifying himself or herself as of two or more of the following race groups:

White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other

Pacific Islander, or American Indian or Alaska Native. 

Related children Related children in a family include own

children and all other children in the household who are

related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption.

Remedial education Instruction for a student lacking those

reading, writing, or math skills necessary to perform collegelevel work at the level required by the attended institution. 

Resident population Includes civilian population and armed

forces personnel residing within the United States; excludes

armed forces personnel residing overseas. 

Revenue All funds received from external sources, net of

refunds, and correcting transactions. Noncash transactions, such

as receipt of services, commodities, or other receipts in kind are

excluded, as are funds received from the issuance of debt, liquidation of investments, and nonroutine sale of property. 

Rural school See Locale codes.

Salary The total amount regularly paid or stipulated to be paid

to an individual, before deductions, for personal services rendered while on the payroll of a business or organization. 

Sales and services Revenues derived from the sales of goods

or services that are incidental to the conduct of instruction,

research, or public service. Examples include film rentals,

scientific and literary publications, testing services, university presses, and dairy products.

Sales tax Tax imposed upon the sale and consumption of

goods and services. It can be imposed either as a general tax

on the retail price of all goods and services sold or as a tax

on the sale of selected goods and services. 

SAT An examination administered by the Educational Testing

Service and used to predict the facility with which an individual will progress in learning college-level academic subjects.

It was formerly called the Scholastic Assessment Test.

Scholarships and fellowships This category of college

expenditures applies only to money given in the form of outright grants and trainee stipends to individuals enrolled in

formal coursework, either for credit or not. Aid to students in

the form of tuition or fee remissions is included. College

work-study funds are excluded and are reported under the

program in which the student is working. 

School A division of the school system consisting of students in one or more grades or other identifiable groups and

organized to give instruction of a defined type. One school

may share a building with another school or one school may

be housed in several buildings. 

School administration support services Includes salary, benefits, supplies, and contractual fees for the office of the principal,

full-time department chairpeople, and graduation expenses.

School climate The social system and culture of the school,

including the organizational structure of the school and values and expectations within it. 
686 APPENDIX B: Definitions

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

School district An education agency at the local level that

exists primarily to operate public schools or to contract for

public school services. Synonyms are “local basic administrative unit” and “local education agency.” 

Science The body of related courses concerned with knowledge of the physical and biological world and with the processes of discovering and validating this knowledge. 

Secondary enrollment The total number of students registered in a school beginning with the next grade following an

elementary or middle school (usually 7, 8, or 9) and ending

with or below grade 12 at a given time.

Secondary instructional level The general level of instruction

provided for pupils in secondary schools (generally covering

grades 7 through 12 or 9 through 12) and any instruction of

a comparable nature and difficulty provided for adults and

youth beyond the age of compulsory school attendance. 

Secondary school A school comprising any span of grades

beginning with the next grade following an elementary or

middle school (usually 7, 8, or 9) and ending with or below

grade 12. Both junior high schools and senior high schools

are included. 

Senior high school A secondary school offering the final

years of high school work necessary for graduation.

Serial volumes Publications issued in successive parts, usually

at regular intervals, and as a rule, intended to be continued

indefinitely. Serials include periodicals, newspapers, annuals,

memoirs, proceedings, and transactions of societies.

Social studies A group of instructional programs that

describes the substantive portions of behavior, past and

present activities, interactions, and organizations of people

associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes. 

Socioeconomic status (SES) For the High School and

Beyond study and the National Longitudinal Study of the

High School Class of 1972, the SES index is a composite of

five equally weighted, standardized components: father’s

education, mother’s education, family income, father’s

occupation, and household items. The terms high, middle,

and low SES refer to the upper, middle two, and lower

quartiles of the weighted SES composite index distribution. 

Special education Direct instructional activities or special

learning experiences designed primarily for students identified as having exceptionalities in one or more aspects of the

cognitive process or as being underachievers in relation to

general level or model of their overall abilities. Such services usually are directed at students with the following conditions: (1) physically handicapped; (2) emotionally

disabled; (3) culturally different, including compensatory

education; (4) intellectually disabled; and (5) students with

learning disabilities. Programs for the mentally gifted and

talented are also included in some special education programs. See also Disabilities, children with. 

Standardized test A test composed of a systematic sampling of

behavior, administered and scored according to specific

instructions, capable of being interpreted in terms of adequate

norms, and for which there are data on reliability and validity. 

Standardized test performance The weighted distributions of

composite scores from standardized tests used to group students according to performance. 

Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) See Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). 

Student An individual for whom instruction is provided in an

educational program under the jurisdiction of a school, school

system, or other education institution. No distinction is made

between the terms “student” and “pupil,” though “student”

may refer to one receiving instruction at any level while

“pupil” refers only to one attending school at the elementary

or secondary level. A student may receive instruction in a

school facility or in another location, such as at home or in a

hospital. Instruction may be provided by direct studentteacher interaction or by some other approved medium such

as television, radio, telephone, and correspondence. 

Student support services Includes salary, benefits, supplies,

and contractual fees for staff providing attendance and social

work, guidance, health, psychological services, speech

pathology, audiology, and other support to students.

Study abroad population U.S. citizens and permanent residents, enrolled for a degree at an accredited higher education

institution in the United States, who received academic

credit for study abroad from their home institutions upon

their return. Students studying abroad without receiving academic credit are not included, nor are U.S. students enrolled

for a degree overseas. 

Subject-matter club Organizations that are formed around a

shared interest in a particular area of study and whose primary activities promote that interest. Examples of such organizations are math, science, business, and history clubs. 

Supervisory staff Principals, assistant principals, and supervisors of instruction; does not include superintendents or

assistant superintendents. 

Tax base The collective value of objects, assets, and income

components against which a tax is levied. 

Tax expenditures Losses of tax revenue attributable to provisions of the federal income tax laws that allow a special exclusion, exemption, or deduction from gross income or provide a
APPENDIX B: Definitions 687

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

special credit, preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax liability affecting individual or corporate income tax liabilities.

Teacher See Instructional staff.

Technical education A program of vocational instruction that

ordinarily includes the study of the sciences and mathematics underlying a technology, as well as the methods, skills,

and materials commonly used and the services performed in

the technology. Technical education prepares individuals for

positions—such as draftsman or lab technician—in the

occupational area between the skilled craftsman and the professional person. 

Title IV Refers to a section of the Higher Education Act of

1965 that covers the administration of the federal student

financial aid program.

Title IV eligible institution A postsecondary institution that

meets the criteria for participating in the federal student

financial aid program. An eligible institution must be any of

the following: (1) an institution of higher education (with

public or private, non-profit control), (2) a proprietary institution (with private for-profit control), and (3) a postsecondary vocational institution (with public or private, notfor-profit control). In addition, it must have acceptable legal

authorization, acceptable accreditation and admission

stands, eligible academic program(s), administrative capability, and financial responsibility.

Total expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance

Includes all expenditures allowcable to per pupil costs

divided by average daily attendance. These allocable expenditures include current expenditures for regular school programs, interest on school debt, and capital outlay. Beginning

in 1980–81, expenditures for state administration are

excluded and expenditures for other programs (summer

schools, community colleges, and private schools) are

included. 

Town school See Locale codes.

Trade and industrial occupations The branch of vocational

education which is concerned with preparing people for initial

employment or with updating or retraining workers in a wide

range of trade and industrial occupations. Such occupations

are skilled or semiskilled and are concerned with layout

designing, producing, processing, assembling, testing, maintaining, servicing, or repairing any product or commodity. 

Transcript An official list of all courses taken by a student at

a school or college showing the final grade received for each

course, with definitions of the various grades given at the

institution. 

Trust funds Amounts collected and used by the federal government for carrying out specific purposes and programs

according to terms of a trust agreement or statute, such as the

social security and unemployment trust funds. Trust fund

receipts that are not anticipated to be used in the immediate

future are generally invested in interest-bearing government

securities and earn interest for the trust fund. 

Tuition and fees A payment or charge for instruction or compensation for services, privileges, or the use of equipment,

books, or other goods. 

Unadjusted dollars See Current dollars. 

Unclassified students Students who are not candidates for a

degree or other formal award, although they are taking

higher education courses for credit in regular classes with

other students. 

Undergraduate students Students registered at an institution

of higher education who are working in a program leading to

a baccalaureate degree or other formal award below the baccalaureate, such as an associate degree. 

Unemployed Civilians who had no employment but were

available for work and: (1) had engaged in any specific job

seeking activity within the past 4 weeks; (2) were waiting to

be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or

(3) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within

30 days. 

University An institution of higher education consisting of a

liberal arts college, a diverse graduate program, and usually

two or more professional schools or faculties and empowered

to confer degrees in various fields of study. For purposes of

maintaining trend data in this publication, the selection of university institutions has not been revised since 1982. 

Urban fringe school See Locale codes.

U.S. Service Academies These institutions of higher education are controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense and

the U.S. Department of Transportation. The 5 institutions

counted in the NCES surveys of degree granting institutions

include: the U.S. Air Force Academy, U.S. Coast Guard

Academy, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, U.S. Military

Academy, and the U.S. Naval Academy. 

Visual and performing arts A group of instructional programs

that generally describes the historic development, aesthetic qualities, and creative processes of the visual and performing arts. 

Vocational education Organized educational programs, services, and activities which are directly related to the preparation of individuals for paid or unpaid employment, or for

additional preparation for a career, requiring other than a

baccalaureate or advanced degree. 

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010 689

APPENDIX C

Index of Table Numbers

Academic clubs, participation in by high school seniors, 164

Academic rank of faculty in postsecondary institutions, 260, 264

by field of study, 265, 266

salaries by, 267, 268, 271, 272

tenure by, 274

by type and control of institution, 263

Academic support, expenditures at postsecondary institutions, 375, 

376

Achievement of elementary and secondary students. See also 

under individual subjects

mathematics, 146

reading, 126, 409

science, 148

ACT scores, 155, 339

Administration/Administrative staff

postsecondary institutions, expenditures for, 373

in public elementary and secondary schools, 84, 85, 86

public elementary and secondary schools, expenditures for, 183, 

185, 186, 187, 188

Admission requirements for postsecondary institutions, 338

Admissions to undergraduate institutions, 339

Adult education, 433, 434, 435

Advanced Placement courses in public secondary schools, 162, 

165

Affiliation of postsecondary institutions, 205

Age

adult education participation by, 434, 435

attendance status at postsecondary institutions by, 199

bachelor's degrees by, 10

child care arrangements by, 53, 54, 55, 56

cognitive and motor skills of 8- to 22-month-old children by, 

118

computer usage by, 17, 18

educational attainment of adults by, 8, 9

enrollment of population by, 6, 7

of faculty in postsecondary institutions, 263, 264

field of study in postsecondary institutions by, 242

GED (General Educational Development) credentials issued by, 

114

international comparisons of bachelor's degree recipients, 422

international comparisons of educational attainment by, 

420–421

international comparisons of school-age population, 405

internet usage, 15, 16

labor force participation by, 388

language, mathematics and motor skills by, 120

literacy skills of adults by, 393

mathematics achievement by, 140, 141, 142

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

population by, 20, 21

postsecondary enrollment by, 201

preprimary enrollment and, 52

range for compulsory school attendance, 174

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement by, 124, 127, 128

school-age population, by state, 22

student financial aid by, 349, 351, 352

students exiting special education by, 117

of teachers in public schools, 73

unemployment rate by, 389

Agriculture

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 308

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Alcohol usage

by high school seniors, 173

by teenagers, 172

violence and drug usage on school property, 171

by young adults, 400, 401

Algebra coursework in high school, 142

Alternative schools, pupil-to-teacher ratios in, 67

Alumni support for postsecondary institutions, 371

American Indians/Alaska Natives

ACT scores, 155

with associate's degrees, 293, 294, 295

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

with bachelor's degrees, 10, 296, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates in vocational 

education by, 158

civics achievement by grade, 137

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

distribution in public schools

by racial/ethnic concentration of school, 101

by state, 43

with doctor's degrees, 302, 303, 304

drug, cigarette, and alcohol usage by teenagers, 172

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment by state, 12

employment of high school seniors, 394

estimates of resident population by age, 21
690 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

with first-professional degrees, 305, 306, 307

gifted and talented students by state, 48, 49

high school graduates and dropouts, 113

with master's degrees, 299, 300, 301

mathematics achievement

of fourth- and eighth-graders, 145

by grade, 146

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework, 241

postsecondary institutions

certificates granted by Title IV postsecondary institutions, 

292

employment in, 256

enrollment in, 235, 239

enrollment in by state, 237, 238

enrollment in by type and control of institution, 236

faculty in, 260, 264, 266

graduation rates, 341

in public charter and traditional public schools, 105

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 131

of fourth-graders, 129

by grade, 125, 126

SAT scores for college-bound seniors, 151

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitudes toward science, 150

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

tribally controlled institutions, 249

U.S. students studying abroad, 233

writing achievement by grade, 133

Applications and admissions to undergraduate institutions, 339

Appropriations for public postsecondary institutions, 365

Arabic, degrees conferred in, 321

Architecture

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 309

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Area studies

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Arts

achievement of eighth-graders, 134

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 330

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

frequency of instruction for eighth-graders, 134

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Arts and crafts as family activities, 58, 60

Asians/Pacific Islanders

ACT scores, 155

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

with associate's degrees, 293, 294, 295

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

with bachelor's degrees, 10, 296, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates in vocational 

education by, 158

Carnegie units earned in high school in advanced mathematics, 

advanced science and engineering, 160

civics achievement by grade, 137

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

distribution in public schools

by racial/ethnic concentration of school, 101

by state, 43

with doctor's degrees, 302, 303, 304

drug, cigarette, and alcohol usage by teenagers, 172

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment by state, 12

employment of high school seniors, 394

estimates of resident population by age, 21

with first-professional degrees, 305, 306, 307

geography achievement by grade, 139

gifted and talented students by state, 48, 49

high school graduates and dropouts, 113

with master's degrees, 299, 300, 301

mathematics achievement

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 145

by grade, 146

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework, 241

postsecondary institutions

certificates granted by Title IV postsecondary institutions, 

292

employment in, 256

enrollment in, 235, 239

enrollment in by state, 237, 238

enrollment in by type and control of institution, 236

faculty in, 260, 264, 266

graduation rates by, 341

poverty rates, 27

in public charter and traditional public schools, 105

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 131

of fourth-graders, 129

by grade, 125, 126

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

SAT scores for college-bound seniors, 151

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitudes toward science, 150

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

unemployment rate, 389

U.S. students studying abroad, 233
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 691

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

writing achievement by grade, 133

Assessment. See Testing, state

Associate's degrees, 294, 295

by control of institution, 287, 288, 332

by field of study, 280, 281

by gender, 279

number of institutions conferring, 289

by race/ethnicity and gender, 293

by state, 335

Attendance, elementary/secondary education

age range for compulsory, 174

average daily, 42, 184

patterns by tenth-graders, 166

preprimary full-day or part-day status, 52

Attendance status, postsecondary institutions, 197, 199, 204

by control and type of institution, 201

by first-time freshmen, 206, 207

in for-profit private postsecondary institutions by state, 222

institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

by level, 202, 203

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

in private postsecondary institutions by state, 220, 221

in public postsecondary institutions by state, 219

by race/ethnicity and gender, 235

retention of first-time degree-seeking students by control and 

type of institution, 342

by state, 218

student financial aid and

postbaccalaureate level, 358, 359, 360, 361

undergraduate level, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357

undergraduate level, 213

Attitudes of students

mathematics, 147

science, 150

values of high school seniors, 402

Attrition rate for teachers in public schools, 77

Auxiliary enterprises, postsecondary institutions

current-fund revenues, 363

expenditures for, 373, 375, 376, 377, 378

revenues, 362

revenues by state, 364

revenues to private institutions, 366, 367, 368, 369

Average daily attendance, public elementary and secondary 

schools, 42

current expenditures per pupil, 194

transportation expenditures, 184

Averaged freshman graduation rates for public secondary schools, 

112

Bachelor's degrees

by control of institution, 287, 288, 332

by field of study, 282, 286, 308–330 (See also Field of study)

by gender, 279

international comparisons of, 422

international comparisons of as percentage of population, 421

international comparisons of science and mathematics, 423

number of institutions conferring, 289

number of persons with, 10

by race/ethnicity and gender, 296, 297, 298

recipients' employment by field of study, 398

salaries of recipients, 399

salaries of teachers with, 80

by state, 333, 335

Basic education for adults, 433, 435

Behavioral sciences. See Social sciences

Benefit expenditures for faculty in postsecondary institutions, 

273

Biology

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 310, 311

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

international comparisons of eighth-graders' scores, 418

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Blacks

ACT scores, 155

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

with associate's degrees, 293, 294, 295

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

with bachelor's degrees, 10, 296, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates in vocational 

education by, 158

Carnegie units earned in high school in advanced mathematics, 

advanced science and engineering, 160

child care arrangements by, 54

civics achievement by grade, 137

college enrollment and labor force status of high school 

graduates, 395

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

distribution in public schools

by racial/ethnic concentration of school, 101

by state, 43

with doctor's degrees, 302, 303, 304

dropouts from high school, 115

drug, cigarette, and alcohol usage by teenagers, 172

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment, 8, 9, 12

employment of high school seniors, 394

estimates of resident population by age, 21

family characteristics of, 24

with first-professional degrees, 305, 306, 307

geography achievement by grade, 139

gifted and talented students by state, 48, 49

high school graduates and dropouts, 113

internet usage, 15, 16

labor force status of high school dropouts, 396

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

with master's degrees, 299, 300, 301

mathematics achievement

by age, 140, 141

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 145

by grade, 146

of seventeen-year-olds by mathematics coursework, 8, 142

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework, 241

percentage of population enrolled in school, 6
692 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

postsecondary institutions

certificates granted by Title IV postsecondary institutions, 

292

employment in, 256

enrollment in, 209, 212, 235, 239

enrollment in by state, 237, 238

enrollment in by type and control of institution, 236

faculty in, 260, 264, 266

graduation rates by, 341

historically black colleges and universities, 250, 251, 252

poverty rates, 27

in public charter and traditional public schools, 105

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement

by age, 124, 128

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 131

of fourth-graders, 129

by grade, 125, 126

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

SAT scores for college-bound seniors, 151

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitudes toward science, 150

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

unemployment rate, 389

U.S. students studying abroad, 233

violence and drug usage on school property, 171

writing achievement by grade, 133

Branch campuses, postsecondary institutions, 275, 278

Business and management

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298, 333

degrees conferred in, 285, 286, 288, 312

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301, 334

Calculus coursework in secondary schools, 142

Career-related adult education participation, 434, 435. See also

Occupation

Career/technical education, 158. See also Vocational schools/

education

Carnegie units earned in high school, 157

in advanced mathematics, advanced science and engineering, 

160

state requirements for high school graduation, 176

in vocational education, 158

Catholic schools. See also Private elementary and secondary 

schools

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

enrollment and other characteristics, 62

extracurricular activities of high school seniors, 164

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

reading achievement by grade in, 126

student-to-staff ratios, 64

tuition for, 63

Center-based programs, 53, 54, 55, 56. See also Preprimary 

education

Certificates granted by Title IV postsecondary institutions, 292

Certification of teachers, states requiring test for, 179

Charter schools, 100, 102, 105

Chemical engineering, degrees in, 317. See also Engineering

Chemistry

degrees conferred in, 325

international comparisons of eight-graders' scores, 418

Child care, 53, 54, 55

cognitive and motor skills of nine-month-olds by primary type 

of, 118

language and mathematics skills of four-year-olds by primary 

type of, 120

mental and physical skills of two-year-olds by primary type of, 

119

quality rating of arrangements for, 56

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry by primary type, 121

Chinese, degrees conferred in, 321

Cigarettes, teenagers and young adults smoking, 172, 400, 401

Cities. See also Metropolitan status

educational attainment of persons 25 years old and over by, 14

mathematics achievement of fourth- and eighth-graders by, 145

reading achievement of fourth- and eighth-graders by, 131

Civics, achievement by grade, 137

Civil engineering, degrees in, 317. See also Engineering

Classroom teachers. See Teachers, elementary and secondary

Class size

international comparisons of mathematics, 415

by level of instruction, 71

Closing of postsecondary institutions, 278

Cognitive skills

of nine-month-old children, 118

of two-year-old children, 119

Collections in college and university libraries, 430, 431

Collections in public libraries, 432

Color knowledge of four-year-olds, 120

Communications

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 313

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Completion status in postsecondary education, 341, 343

Computer and information sciences

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298, 333

degrees conferred in, 285, 286, 288, 314

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301, 334

Computers

home use, 17, 18

number used for instruction in public elementary and secondary 

schools, 108

usage by educational level, 19

Construction trades

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 693

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Consumer Price Index, 34

Control of institutions. See Private elementary and secondary 

schools; Private postsecondary institutions; Public elementary 

and secondary schools; Public postsecondary institutions

Corporate support to postsecondary institutions, 371

Coursework/Credits

Carnegie units, average earned by public high school graduates, 

157

Carnegie units required by state for high school graduation, 176

dual credit, Advanced Placement and International 

Baccalaureate courses in public secondary schools, 162

by high school graduates in mathematics and science, 159

by high school seniors in economics, 138

mathematics scores of seventeen-year-olds and, 142

minimum earned by high school graduates, 161

subjects taught in public high schools, 74

Crime at public elementary and secondary schools, 168

Criminal justice, enrollment in postsecondary education, 242. See 

also Security

Criterion-referenced assessments by state, 177

Current expenditures. See also Expenditures

per pupil in public schools, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194

in public elementary and secondary schools, 183, 185, 186, 

187

Current-fund expenditures. See Expenditures

Current-fund revenues. See Revenues

Degree completion. See also Educational attainment; individual 

degrees

rates by race/ethnicity, gender, and institutions type, 341

status by type of institution and student characteristics, 343

Degree-granting institutions. See Postsecondary education

Degrees conferred. See also individual degrees

associate's degrees, 280, 281

bachelor's degrees, 282

by control of institution, 287, 288, 289

doctor's degrees, 284

by field of study, 308–330

first-professional degrees, 290, 291

at historically black colleges and universities, 250, 251

at institutions serving large populations of Hispanic students, 

248

at institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

by level and gender, 279

master's degrees, 283

master's degrees by state, 334

number of institutions and enrollment size, 244

by state, 332, 333, 335

Title IV postsecondary institutions, 195

tribally controlled institutions, 249

women's colleges, 247

at women's colleges, 247

Degrees earned. See Degree completion; Degrees conferred; 

Educational attainment

Dentistry, first-professional degrees in, 290, 291, 306, 307

Department of Education, U.S.

appropriations for programs by state, 385

outlays, 384

Dependency status

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

Dependency status and student financial aid, 349, 351, 352

Disabilities, students with, 46

exiting special education, 117

postsecondary education and employment status of, 397

postsecondary institution enrollment, 240

served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 45, 

46, 47

Discipline division. See Field of study

Disposable personal income, 33. See also Income

Distance education, in public schools and districts, 105, 109

Doctor's degrees

by control of institution, 287, 288, 332

by field of study, 284, 286, 308–330

by gender, 279

by institution, 336

number of institutions conferring, 289

by race/ethnicity and gender, 302, 303, 304

by state, 335

statistical profile of persons receiving, 331

student financial aid for, 358, 359, 360, 361

Dropouts from high school

by gender and race/ethnicity, 115

labor force status, 396

in school districts of more than 15,000 students, 94

by state and race/ethnicity, 113

years of school completed, 116

Drug usage

by high school seniors, 173

percentage of students experiencing, 171

by teenagers, 172

by young adults, 400, 401

Dual credits in public secondary schools, 162

Earnings. See Income

Earth sciences

degrees conferred in, 325

international comparisons of students’ scores, 417, 418 (See 

also Science)

Economics

achievement and coursework of high school seniors, 138

degrees conferred in, 329

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

Education (as field of study)

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298, 333

degrees conferred in, 285, 286, 288, 315

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301, 334

Education, federal support for, 380, 381, 386

by agency, 382, 383

Department of Education appropriations, 385

Department of Education outlays, 384

Education agencies (public), 92

Educational attainment

adult education participation by, 434, 435
694 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

bachelor's degrees, number of persons with, 10 (See also

Bachelor's degrees)

children’s achievement by their parents’ (See Parental level of 

education)

of 1990 high school sophomores in 2000, 337

income by, 391, 392

influence of parents' on children's reading scores, 124, 126 (See 

also Parental level of education)

international comparisons of, 420–421

internet usage by, 16

labor force participation by, 388

by level of attainment, 8, 9

literacy skills of adults by, 393

by metropolitan area, 14

occupations by, 390

parental participation in activities with children by, 59, 60

parental participation in school activities by, 61

of principals, 89

by state, 11, 13

by state and race/ethnicity, 12

of teachers in public schools, 71, 72

teachers' salaries by, 78

unemployment rate by, 389

Educational institutions, number of, 5

Eighth grade

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

international comparisons

of mathematics class size and instructional time, 415

of mathematics lesson activities, 414

of mathematics scores, 413

of science lesson activities, 419

of science scores, 418

of students' mathematics attitudes and homework, 416

mathematics achievement, 146

of eight-graders by attitude, 147

in public schools by states, 144

by urban district, 145

reading achievement, 125, 126

of English language learners in public schools by state, 132

in public schools by state, 130

by urban district, 131

science achievement, 148

in public schools by state, 149

writing achievement, 133

Electrical engineering, degrees conferred in, 317. See also

Engineering

Elementary and secondary education, 35–194. See also Private 

elementary and secondary schools; Public elementary and 

secondary schools

computer usage by students, 19

enrollment overview, 2

expenditures of educational institutions, 29

expenditures on, 31

expenditures related to gross domestic product, 28

federal support for, 380, 382

number of institutions, 5

participants in, 1

per capita expenditures on, 32

pupil-to-teacher ratios in public and private schools, 68

Elementary schools, 90. See also Private elementary and 

secondary schools; Public elementary and secondary schools

Emotional attachment of two-year-olds to parents, 119

Employees in postsecondary institutions, 253, 255, 256. See also

Staff

Employment

of bachelor's degree recipients, 398, 399

of high school completers, 395

of high school dropouts, 396

of high school seniors, 394

ratio to population, 388

special education students' status, 397

of teachers in nonschool jobs, 79

Endowment funds, 372

Engineering

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298, 333, 423

Carnegie units earned in high school, 160

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 316, 317

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

graduate-level enrollment in, 243

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

international comparisons of bachelor's degree recipients, 423

international comparisons of graduate degrees in, 424

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301, 334

English and literature

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157

Carnegie units required by state for high school graduation, 176

criterion-referenced assessments by state, 177

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 318

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

English as a second language, 433

English language learners (ELL), reading achievement of, 132

Enrollment

at all levels of education, 2

in Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 65

in grades 9 to 12 compared to 14- to 17-year-old population, 50

international comparisons, 403

international comparisons of secondary and postsecondary 

enrollment, 406

in largest 100 school districts, 96

percentage of population enrolled in school, 6, 7

postsecondary institutions

applications and admissions compared to, 339

attendance status, 197, 199, 204, 218

bachelor's degree recipients 1 year after graduation, 398

by control and affiliation, 205

by control and type, 198, 201, 223

degrees conferred at, 244

disabled students in, 240

field of study, 242

first-time freshmen, 206

for-profit private institutions by state, 222

full-time-equivalent enrollment in, 226, 227, 245

by gender and race/ethnicity, 212

historically black colleges and universities, 250, 251, 252

institutions with large populations of Hispanic students, 248

institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

largest colleges and universities, 246
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 695

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

by level, 200, 202, 203, 224, 225

private institutions by state, 217, 221

public institutions by state, 216

by race/ethnicity, 236, 237, 238

by race/ethnicity and gender, 235

by recent high school completers, 208, 209, 210, 211

by state, 215, 216, 217, 229

Title IV, 195

tribally controlled institutions, 249

undergraduate, 213, 214, 395

women's colleges, 247

preprimary education, 52, 57

in private elementary and secondary schools, 62, 66

public elementary and secondary schools

by capacity level, 107

charter schools, 105

by grade, 39

historical statistics of, 35

by metropolitan status, 93

pupil-to-staff ratios in, 88

pupil-to-teacher ratios in, 67, 70

racial/ethnic distribution in, 43, 101

school size, 98, 99

by school type, level and charter and magnet status, 100

by state, 36, 37, 38, 43

in school districts, 91

by school districts of more than 15,000 students, 94

Environment in schools

class size, 71, 415

factors that interfere with instruction, 106

overcrowding in public schools, 107

violence and drug usage, 171

Even Start program, 386

Exit exams for high school diploma, 176

Expenditures

current for public elementary and secondary schools by state, 

185, 193, 194

of educational institutions, 28, 29

gross domestic product and income compared to, 33

international comparisons on education, 425, 426

postsecondary institutions

libraries, 430, 431

private institutions, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379

public institutions, 373, 374

public elementary and secondary schools

by function and subfunction, 188

historical statistics of, 35

for instruction, 189

by metropolitan status, 93

per pupil, 190, 191, 192

by purpose, 183, 186, 187

in school districts of more than 15,000 students, 95

for school libraries and media centers, 427, 428, 429

by state and local governments, 31, 32

by state and local governments on education, 30

Expulsions from school, 169, 170

Extracurricular activities (school sponsored), 164

Faculty, postsecondary

benefit expenditures for full-time, 273

employment status of, 259

and of all staff by occupation, 253, 255

by field, 265, 266

full-time-equivalent, 254

at private institutions by state, 258

at public institutions by state, 257

historical statistics of degree-granting institutions, 196

by institution type and control

characteristics of faculty, 263

number of all staff by occupation, 253, 255

number of faculty, 259

instruction activities of

full-time, 261

part-time, 262

number of, overview by control of institution, 1, 4, 254

race/ethnicity and gender

of all staff by occupation, 256

rank of full-time faculty by, 260

racial/ethnic and gender distribution

by faculty characteristics, 264

by faculty field, 266

salaries of full-time

by rank, 267, 268

by state, 269, 270, 271, 272

tenure for full-time, 274

Families

activities with children, 58, 59, 60

care of children in, 53, 54, 55, 56

characteristics of, 24

homeschooled children, 40

median income of, 33 (See also Income, family)

poverty rates by race/ethnicity, 27

by status and presence of children, 23

Federal government, 380–387

budget composite deflator, 34

education agencies (public) operated by, 92

expenditures for education, 380, 381

by agency, 382, 383

Department of Education appropriations, 385

Department of Education outlays, 384

research, 387

Title I allocations, 386

funds to largest school districts, 96

grants to undergraduates, 350

to postsecondary institutions, 370

programs for students with disabilities, 45

revenues for postsecondary institutions, 370

private, 366, 367, 368, 369

public, 362, 363

public by state, 364

revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, 180, 

181, 182

student financial aid, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 

358, 359

Field of study. See also under individual subjects

associate's degrees by, 280, 281

bachelor's degree recipients by, 282, 398

salaries, 399

degrees conferred by, 308–330

doctor's degrees by, 284

faculty teaching in, 265, 266

first-professional degrees by, 290, 291

intended major for college-bound seniors, 153

by level and type of institution, 242
696 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

master's degrees by, 283

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

Finances for postsecondary institutions, historical statistics, 196. 

See also Expenditures; Revenues

Financial aid to postsecondary students

as part of expenditures for private postsecondary institutions, 

375

postbaccalaureate level, 358, 359, 360, 361

private institutions' expenditures on grant aid, 376, 377, 378

public institutions' expenditures on scholarships and 

fellowships, 373

undergraduate level, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357

Fine motor skills, 121. See also Motor skills

First-professional degrees

by control of institution, 287, 288

by field of study, 290, 291

by gender, 279

number of institutions conferring, 290

by race/ethnicity and gender, 305, 306, 307

by state, 335

First-professional level

disabled students enrolled at, 240

enrollment at, 200, 202, 203

by race/ethnicity and gender, 235

by state, 224, 225

field of study, 242

student financial aid for, 358, 359, 360, 361

tuition and fees for, 348

First-time undergraduates, retention of, 342. See also

Undergraduate-level studies

Foreign languages

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 319, 320, 321

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

enrollment in high school, 51

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Foreign students in United States, 234

For-profit private postsecondary institutions, 222. See also Private 

postsecondary institutions

Foundation support to postsecondary institutions, 371

Fourth grade

international comparisons of mathematics, 412

international comparisons of science, 417

mathematics achievement, 146

in public schools by state, 143

by urban district, 145

reading achievement, 125, 126

of English language learners in public schools by state, 132

in public schools by state, 129

by urban district, 131

science achievement, 148

writing achievement, 133

Four-year postsecondary institutions

admission requirements for, 338

applications, admissions and enrollment comparisons, 339

attendance status at, 204

with branch campuses, 275

closing of institutions, 278

completion status of students, 343

enrollment in, 198, 201, 202, 203

by race/ethnicity, 212, 236, 239

by recent high school completers, 210

by state, 223, 225

expenditures of private institutions, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379

expenditures of public institutions, 373, 374

faculty in, 259

salaries, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272

tenure, 274

field of study at, 242

first-time freshmen at, 206

full-time-equivalent enrollment in, 226, 227

full-time-equivalent staff at, 257

graduation rates for first-time students, 341

historically black colleges and universities, 252

number of institutions by state, 276

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

remedial coursework offered by, 340

residence and migration of freshmen in postsecondary 

institutions, 232

retention of first-time degree-seeking students by attendance 

status, 342

revenues of private institutions, 366, 367, 368, 369

revenues of public institutions, 362

revenues of public institutions by state, 364

staff in, 253, 255, 256

student financial aid, 350

postbaccalaureate students, 360, 361

undergraduates, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357

Title IV postsecondary institutions, 195

tuition, fees, and board rates for undergraduates, 345, 346, 347

Free or reduced-price school lunch program

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

civics achievement by grade, 137

crime incidents reported at public schools, 168

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

environmental factors that interfere with instruction, 106

geography achievement by grade, 139

history, U.S., achievement by grade, 135, 136

mathematics achievement of eighth-graders by attitude, 147

number and percentage of eligible public school students by 

state, 44

public school capacity level and, 107

public schools with internet access, 108

pupil-to-teacher ratios, 67

reading achievement by grade, 126

schools with security measures, 167

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitude, 150

writing achievement, 133

French

degrees conferred in, 320

enrollment in high school, 51

Freshmen (postsecondary institutions)

enrollment by attendance status, 206

enrollment by state, 207

residence and migration of, 230, 231, 232
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 697

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Full-day kindergarten, state policies on, 174

Full-time attendance at postsecondary institutions, 197, 204, 213, 

214

by age and gender, 199

by control and affiliation of institution, 205

by control and type of institution, 201

first-time freshmen, 206, 207

in for-profit private institutions by state, 222

graduate-level student financial aid, 358, 360

institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

by level, 200, 202, 203

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

in private institutions by state, 220, 221

in public institutions by state, 219

by race/ethnicity and gender, 235

by state, 218

student financial aid, 351, 353, 354, 355, 357

Full-time employment in postsecondary institutions, 253, 255, 

256, 259

Full-time equivalent enrollment in postsecondary institutions, 226, 

227, 228, 245, 373

Full-time-equivalent staff/faculty in postsecondary institutions, 

254, 257, 258. See also Faculty, postsecondary; Staff

in private postsecondary institutions, 258

Full-time equivalent students (postsecondary institutions), 

expenditures per, 373

Full-time faculty, 259, 260, 261. See also Faculty, postsecondary

Full-year enrollment in postsecondary institutions, 229

Funding for public elementary and secondary schools. See

Revenues

GED (General Educational Development) test, 114

Gender

ACT scores, 155

adult education participation, 434, 435

associate's degrees by, 293, 294, 295

attendance status at postsecondary institutions, 197, 199, 204

bachelor's degrees by, 10, 296, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157, 158

Carnegie units earned in high school in advanced mathematics, 

advanced science and engineering, 160

child care arrangements and, 55, 56

civics achievement by grade levels, 137

cognitive and motor skills of nine-month-old children by, 118

college enrollment and labor force status of high school 

graduates by, 395

computer usage, 17, 18, 19

coursework and mathematics scores of seventeen-year-olds, 142

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

degrees conferred by, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 

318, 319, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 330

degrees conferred by field of study, 286

doctor's degrees by, 302, 303, 304

dropouts from high school by, 115

drug, cigarette, and alcohol usage by teenagers, 172

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment, 8, 9

of 1990 high school sophomores in 2000 by, 337

by metropolitan area, 14

by state, 13

employment of high school seniors, 394

enrollment in postsecondary institutions, 208, 235

enrollment in Title IV postsecondary institutions, 195

extracurricular activities of high school seniors, 164

first-professional degrees by, 290, 291, 305, 306, 307

geography achievement by grade, 139

gifted and talented students by state, 48, 49

grades earned by elementary and secondary students, 156

high school graduates by control of school, 110

historical statistics of degree-granting institutions, 196

history, U.S., achievement by grade, 135, 136

homework, 165

income by educational attainment, 391, 392

international comparisons

of bachelor's degree recipients, 422

of mathematics, reading and science skills, 408

internet usage, 15, 16

labor force participation by, 388

labor force status of high school dropouts, 396

language and mathematics skills of four-year-olds by, 120

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

life values of high school students, 402

literacy skills of adults, 393

master's degrees by, 299, 300, 301

mathematics achievement

by age, 140, 141

of eighth-graders by attitude, 147

by grade, 146

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

mental and physical skills of two-year-olds by, 119

minimum credits earned by high school graduates, 161

occupations by, 390

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

percentage of population enrolled in school by, 6

postsecondary institutions

associate's degrees by field of study, 281

attendance status and state, 218

attendance status at private institutions by state, 220

attendance status at public institutions by state, 219

certificates granted by Title IV postsecondary institutions, 

292

degrees conferred by, 279

employment in, 253, 255, 256

enrollment in, 200, 202, 203, 212

enrollment in for-profit private institutions, 222

enrollment in private institutions, 221

faculty in, 259, 260, 263, 264, 265, 266

faculty salaries by, 267, 268

faculty with tenure in, 274

first-time freshmen at, 206, 207

graduation rates by, 341

historically black colleges and universities, 251

institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

undergraduate enrollment at, 213, 214

women's colleges, 247

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement

by age, 124, 128

by grade, 126
698 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

SAT scores for college-bound seniors, 152

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitude, 150

student financial aid, 349, 351, 352

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

teachers' educational attainment in schools by, 72

teachers in public schools, 73

unemployment rate, 389

U.S. students studying abroad, 233

violence and drug usage on school property, 171

writing achievement by grade, 133

General Educational Development (GED), 114

Geography

achievement by grade, 139

enrollment postsecondary education, 242

Geology, degrees conferred in, 325

Geometry coursework in secondary schools, 142

German

degrees conferred in, 320

enrollment in high school, 51

Gifted and talented students, 48, 49

Goals for education of college-bound seniors, 153

Government. See also Federal government; Local governments; 

States

expenditures on education by function, 30

support for education by agency, 381, 382, 383

Grade levels

civics achievement by, 137

enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools by, 37, 

38, 39

environmental factors that interfere with instruction, 106

geography achievement by, 139

history, U.S., achievement by, 135, 136

minimum-competency testing by, 178

percentage of children by type of schooling, 41

public elementary and secondary schools by, 97

public elementary schools by, 103

public secondary schools by, 104

reading achievement by, 125

violence and drug usage on school property, 171

writing achievement by, 133

Grades, average

distribution of elementary and secondary school children by, 

156

SAT scores by high school grade point average, 153

Graduate-level studies

disabled students enrolled in, 240

enrollment in, 200, 202, 203

by race/ethnicity and gender, 235

by state, 224, 225

faculty teaching at, 261

field of study, 242

at institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

international comparisons of degrees in science, 424

part-time faculty teaching at, 259, 262

in science and engineering postsecondary programs, 243

tuition and fees for, 348

Graduate Record Examination (GRE), 344

Graduation requirements for high school, 176

Grants to students

graduate students receiving, 360, 361

undergraduates receiving, 349, 350, 351, 352, 354, 355, 356, 

357

Gross domestic product

expenditures of educational institutions compared to, 28

government expenditures and income compared to, 33

international comparisons of educational expenditures as a 

percentage of, 426

price index, 34

Head Start, 53, 55, 56, 121

Health professions

bachelor's degrees in, 333

master's degrees in, 334

Health sciences

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 322

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Higher education. See Postsecondary education

High school graduates

Carnegie units earned by, 157

Carnegie units earned in advanced mathematics, advanced 

science and engineering, percentage distribution of, 160

Carnegie units required by state, 176

college enrollment and labor force status, 395

educational attainment of 1990 high school sophomores in 

2000, 337

enrollment in postsecondary institutions, 208, 209, 210, 211

GED credentialed, 114

by gender and control of school, 110

international comparisons of as percentage of population, 420

from private secondary schools, 66

by state, 111, 112

by state and race/ethnicity, 113

students with disabilities, 117

High schools, 98. See also Elementary and secondary education; 

Public elementary and secondary schools

High school seniors

drug usage by, 173

economics achievement, 138

employment of, 394

leisure activities of, 163

life values of, 402

mathematics achievement, 146

reading achievement, 125, 126

science achievement, 148

science achievement by attitude, 150

writing achievement, 133

High-speed internet access, 16. See also Internet access/usage

Hispanics

ACT scores, 155

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

with associate's degrees, 293, 294, 295

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

with bachelor's degrees, 10, 296, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates in vocational 

education by, 158
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 699

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Carnegie units earned in high school in advanced mathematics, 

advanced science and engineering, 160

child care arrangements by, 54

civics achievement by grade, 137

college enrollment and labor force status of high school 

graduates, 395

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

distribution in public schools

by racial/ethnic concentration of school, 101

by state, 43

with doctor's degrees, 302, 303, 304

dropouts from high school, 115

drug, cigarette, and alcohol usage by teenagers, 172

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment, 8, 9, 12

employment of high school seniors, 394

estimates of resident population by age, 21

family characteristics of, 24

with first-professional degrees, 305, 306, 307

geography achievement by grade, 139

gifted and talented students by state, 48, 49

high school graduates and dropouts, 113

internet usage, 15, 16

labor force status of high school dropouts, 396

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

with master's degrees, 299, 300, 301

mathematics achievement

by age, 140, 141

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 145

by grade, 146

of seventeen-year-olds by mathematics coursework, 142

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework, 241

percentage of population enrolled in school, 6

postsecondary institutions

certificates granted by Title IV postsecondary institutions, 

292

employment in, 256

enrollment in, 209, 212, 235, 239

enrollment in by state, 237, 238

enrollment in by type and control of institution, 236

faculty in, 260, 264, 266

graduation rates by, 341

serving large proportions of, 248

poverty rates, 27

in public charter and traditional public schools, 105

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement

by age, 124, 128

of fourth- and eighth-graders by urban district, 131

of fourth-graders in public schools by state, 129

by grade, 125, 126

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

SAT scores for college-bound seniors, 151

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitudes toward science, 150

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

unemployment rate, 389

U.S. students studying abroad, 233

violence and drug usage on school property, 171

writing achievement by grade, 133

Historically black colleges and universities, 250, 251, 252

Historical summary statistics

Catholic schools, 65

degree-granting institutions, 196

enrollment at all levels, 3

expenditures of educational institutions, 28, 29

level of education attained, 8

number of school districts and public and private schools, 90

public elementary and secondary schools, 35

History

achievement in U.S. history by grade, 135, 136

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157

criterion-referenced assessments by state, 177

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 328, 329

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Hobby clubs, participation in by high school seniors, 164

Home activities

computers, 17, 18

internet access/usage, 16

with kindergartners through fifth-graders, 60

preschool literacy activities, 58

Homeschooled students, 40, 41

Homework

international comparisons in mathematics, 412, 413, 416

parental involvement with, 165

reading scores by amount of time on, 127

Hospitals

expenditures at postsecondary institutions for, 373, 375, 376

revenues for postsecondary institutions, 362

revenues for private postsecondary institutions, 366, 367, 369

revenues for public postsecondary institutions, 364

Household income. See also Income, family

adult education participation by, 434, 435

child care arrangements by, 53

enrollment in preprimary education by, 57

homeschooled children by, 40

by state, 25

Humanities. See also Liberal arts and humanities

bachelor's degrees in, 333

doctor's degrees in, 331

master's degrees in, 334

Illicit drug usage, 400, 401. See also Drug usage

Income. See also Poverty rates/status; Socioeconomic status

of bachelor's degree recipients 1 year after graduation, 398, 399

compared to gross domestic product and government 

expenditures, 33

by educational attainment, 391, 392

of faculty in postsecondary institutions, 263, 264 (See also 

under Salaries)

family

computer usage, 17, 19
700 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

dropouts from high school and, 116

grades earned by elementary and secondary students, 156

internet usage, 15, 16

parental participation in activities with children, 60

parental participation in educational activities with children, 59

parental participation in school activities, 61

SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors, 153

student financial aid, 349, 351, 352

household by state, 25 (See also Household income)

parental participation in activities with children, 60

parental participation in educational activities with children, 59

parental participation in school activities by level of, 61

teacher salaries, 79 (See also Salaries)

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 45, 46, 47, 117

Instructional levels. See Grade levels

Instructional methods in science, 419

Instructional time

in arts for eighth-graders, 134

in mathematics

fourth-graders having five or more weekly hours, 143

international comparisons, 414, 415

in science, international comparisons, 417, 419

Instruction/Instructional staff. See also Faculty, postsecondary; 

Teachers, elementary and secondary

postsecondary institutions

expenditures for at private institutions, 375, 376, 377, 378

expenditures for at public institutions, 373, 374

at Title IV institutions, 195

in public elementary and secondary schools, 84, 85, 86

environmental factors interfering with, 106

expenditures for, 183, 186, 187, 188, 189

Interest on school debt, 191. See also Expenditures

International Baccalaureate programs in public secondary schools, 162

International comparisons, 403–426

bachelor's degree recipients, 422

bachelor's degrees in mathematics and science, 423

educational attainment of adults, 420–421

educational expenditures per student, 425

eighth-graders' perceptions of mathematics, 416

foreign students enrolled in United States, 234

graduate degrees in mathematics and science, 424

instructional activities in science, 419

mathematics

class size, and hours of instruction, 415

homework, 412, 416

instructional activities, 414

scores, 410, 412, 413

mathematics, reading, and science skills, 408

population and enrollment, 403, 404

public direct expenditures on education, 426

pupils per teacher in elementary and secondary schools, 407

reading literacy proficiency scores of fifteen-year-olds, 409

school-age population, 405

science

hours of instruction, 417

instructional activities, 419

scores, 408, 411, 417, 418

secondary and postsecondary enrollment, 406

International relations, enrollment in postsecondary education, 242

Internet access/usage, 15, 16

home activities, 17, 18

public elementary and secondary schools with, 108

Italian

degrees conferred in, 320

enrollment in high school in, 51

Japanese, enrollment in high school in, 51

Journalism, degrees conferred in, 313

Junior high schools, 97. See also Public elementary and secondary 

schools

Kindergarten

attendance and program requirements by state, 174

mathematics and science skills for 1998 cohort through grade 8, 

123

public, 37, 38

public and private by age and attendance status, 52

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading skills for 1998 cohort through grade 8, 122

Korean, degrees conferred in, 321

Labor force. See also Employment

dropouts from high school, 116, 396

high school graduates in, 395

participation rates, 388

Language

initially spoken, literacy skills of adults by, 393

spoken at home

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores of children at 

kindergarten entry by, 121

spoken at home, skills of 1998 kindergarteners through grade 8 

by, 122, 123

Language skills of four-year-olds, 120

Latin, enrollment in high school in, 51

Legal professions

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment postsecondary education, 242

first-professional degrees in law, 290, 291, 306, 307

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Leisure activities

adult education participation, 435

of high school seniors, 163

reading scores in school and, 127

Liberal arts and humanities

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298, 333

degrees conferred in, 285, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301, 334

Libraries

family literacy activities, 58, 59

in postsecondary institutions, 430, 431

public, 432

public school, 427, 428, 429

Library science

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 701

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

degrees conferred in, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Life sciences. See also Biology; Science

international comparisons of fourth-graders’ scores in, 417

persons receiving doctor’s degrees in, 331

Life values of high school seniors, 402

Literacy skills

of adults, 393

of four-year-olds, 120

Loans to students

postbaccalaureate students receiving, 358, 359, 360, 361

undergraduates receiving, 349, 350, 351, 352, 354, 355, 356, 

357

Local governments

expenditures by, 30, 31

expenditures on education, 32

grants to undergraduates, 350

postsecondary institutions

appropriations for, 365

revenues for, 362, 363

revenues for private, 366, 367, 368, 369

public postsecondary institutions

revenues for, 364

revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, 180, 

181, 182

Magnet schools, 100

Marital status of householders with families, 23

Master's degrees

by control of institution, 287, 288, 332

by field of study, 283, 286, 308–330

by gender, 279

number of institutions conferring, 289

by race/ethnicity and gender, 299, 300, 301

salaries of teachers by, 81

by state, 334, 335

student financial aid for, 358, 359, 360, 361

Mathematics

Carnegie units earned in high school, 160

elementary and secondary education

achievement

by age, 140, 141

of eighth-graders by attitude, 147

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 144

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 145

of fourth-graders in public schools by state, 143

by grade, 146

international comparisons of, 408, 410, 412, 413

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157

Carnegie units required by state for high school graduation, 

176

coursework and mathematics scores of seventeen-year-olds, 

142

coursework by high school graduates in, 159

criterion-referenced assessments by state, 177

scores by student and school characteristics, 140

skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 123

international comparisons

of achievement, 408, 410, 412, 413

of bachelor's degree recipients in, 423

of class size and instructional time, 415

of eighth-graders perceptions about, 416

of graduate degrees in, 424

of homework, 412, 416

of instructional activities for eighth-graders, 414

postsecondary education

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 323

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment in, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

scores at kindergarten entry, 121

skills of four-year-olds, 120

Mechanical engineering, degrees conferred in, 317. See also

Engineering

Media centers in schools, 427, 428, 429

Medicine, first-professional degrees in, 290, 291, 306, 307. See 

also Health sciences

Mental skills of two-year-olds, 119

Metropolitan status

adult education participation, 434, 435

arts scores and frequency of instruction, 134

child care arrangements by, 53

crime incidents reported at public schools, 168

dual credit, Advanced Placement and International 

Baccalaureate enrollment in public schools, 162

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment, 14

employment of high school seniors, 394

high school graduates enrolled in postsecondary institutions by, 

210

homeschooled children, 40

homework, parental involvement with, 165

largest school districts, 96

mathematics achievement of fourth- and eighth-graders by, 145

percentage of children by type of schooling, 41

private elementary and secondary schools, 62

public elementary and secondary schools, 93

public elementary and secondary schools with internet access, 

108

pupil-to-teacher ratios, 67

reading achievement of eighth-graders by, 130

reading achievement of fourth- and eighth-graders by, 131

school districts with distance education enrollment, 109

schools with security measures, 167

Microbiology, degrees conferred in, 311

Middle schools, 97. See also Public elementary and secondary 

schools

Military technologies

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Minimum-competency testing by state, 178

Minimum length of school year by state, 175
702 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Minority enrollment in postsecondary institutions, 237, 238, 239. 

See also Race/ethnicity

Mobility

residence and migration of freshmen in postsecondary 

institutions, 230, 231, 232

of teachers in public and private schools, 77

Mothers

employment status

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores of children at 

kindergarten entry by, 121

Mothers, characteristics of. See also Parents

child care arrangements by, 53

education level and employment status (See also Parental level 

of education)

home literacy activities by, 58

prekindergarten through second-grade enrollment by, 57

employment status

child care arrangements by, 55, 56

language and mathematics of four-year-olds by, 120

mental and physical skills of two-year-olds by, 119

preprimary education and, 57

Motor skills, 118, 119, 120

scores at kindergarten entry, 121

Music

achievement and frequency of instruction for eighth-graders, 

134

participation in school-sponsored musical activities

by eighth-graders, 134

by high school seniors, 164

Natural sciences. See also Science

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

international comparisons of postsecondary degrees in science, 

424

Need-based student financial aid. See Financial aid to 

postsecondary students

No Child Left Behind Act (2001), 386. See also Title I allocations

Non-degree-granting institutions, 195, 277

Nonsectarian private elementary and secondary schools, 62, 63

Not-for-profit private postsecondary institutions, 221. See also

Private postsecondary institutions

enrollment in, 201

expenditures of, 375, 376, 379

faculty in, 259

graduation rates for first-time students, 341

revenues to, 366, 367

staff/faculty in, 258

Occupation

adult education participation by, 434, 435

bachelor's degree recipients by, 398

by educational attainment, 390

One-parent households, 23, 24, 27

One-teacher schools, 97, 102

Operating expenditures, public postsecondary institutions, 373, 

374

Opinions on education

teachers on problems in schools, 75

teachers on school conditions, 76

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 

and partner countries

international comparisons of educational attainment, 420–421

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 

and partner countries, achievement of fifteen-year-olds in

mathematics, 410

mathematics, reading and science, 408

science, 411

Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 

and partner countries, scores of fifteen-year-olds in reading 

literacy, 409

Overcrowding in public schools, 107

Parental level of education

child care arrangements by, 55, 56

cognitive and motor skills of nine-month-old children by, 118

educational achievement of children by

civics, 137

economics, 138

history, U.S., 135, 136

mathematics, 140, 144, 146

reading, 124

writing, 133

educational attainment of 1990 high school sophomores in 2000 

by, 337

grades earned, elementary and secondary students by, 156

homeschooled children by, 40

language, mathematics and motor skills of four-year-olds by, 

120

literacy activities with children by, 58

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8 by, 123

mental and physical skills of two-year-olds by, 119

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores of children at 

kindergarten entry by, 121

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8 by, 122

SAT mean scores of college-bound seniors by, 153

Parents

activities with children, 58, 59, 60

emotional attachment of two-year olds to, 119

homework, involvement with children's, 165

prekindergarten through second-grade enrollment by 

characteristics of mothers, 57

school activities, participation in, 61

Part-time attendance at postsecondary institutions, 197, 204, 214

by age and gender, 199

by control and type of institution, 201

first-time freshmen, 206, 207

in for-profit private institutions by state, 222

graduate enrollment, 359

graduate-level student financial aid, 361

institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

by level, 200, 202, 203

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

in private institutions by state, 220, 221

in public institutions by state, 219

by race/ethnicity and gender, 235

by state, 218

student financial aid, 352, 353, 356, 357, 359, 361

Part-time employment in postsecondary institutions, 253, 255, 

256, 259

Part-time faculty, 262. See also Faculty, postsecondary

Performing arts

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 703

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 330

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Pharmacy, first-professional degrees in, 291, 306, 307

Philosophy, religion and theology

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

first-professional degrees in theology, 306, 307

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Physical sciences

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 285, 286, 288, 324, 325

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

international comparisons of fourth-graders' scores, 417

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Physical skills of young children, 118, 119

Physics

degrees conferred in, 325

international comparisons of eighth-graders' scores, 418

Podiatry, degrees conferred in, 291, 306, 307

Political science and government

degrees conferred in, 329

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

Population

by age and race/ethnicity, 21

by age group, 20

gross domestic product and income, 33

historical statistics of, 35

international comparisons, 403, 404

international comparisons of secondary and postsecondary 

enrollment, 406

percentage enrolled in school, 6, 7

ratio to employment status, 388

school-age, by state, 22

Postbaccalaureate education, enrollment in, 214. See also

Graduate-level studies

Postsecondary education, 195–379

admission requirements for institutions, 338

applications, admissions, and enrollment for undergraduates, 

339

closing of institutions, 278

computer usage by students, 19

Department of Education outlays for, 384

doctor's degrees by institution, 336

endowment funds for institutions, 372

enrollment at all levels, 2

expenditures on, 28, 29, 31 (See also under Expenditures)

federal support for, 380, 382

high school graduates enrolling in, 395

institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

international comparisons of educational attainment in, 421

largest colleges and universities, 246

libraries in institutions, 430, 431

non-degree-granting Title IV institutions, 277

number of institutions, 5, 275

number of institutions by state, 276

participants in, 1

per capita expenditures on, 32

race/ethnicity, enrollment by, 239

special education students enrolled in, 397

U.S. students studying abroad, 233

Poverty rates/status

Carnegie units earned in high school in advanced mathematics, 

advanced science and engineering, 160

child care arrangements by, 53, 55, 56

cognitive and motor skills of nine-month-old children by, 118

homework by, 165

language, mathematics and motor skills of four-year-olds by, 

120

in largest 100 school districts, 96

mental and physical skills of two-year-olds by, 119

by race/ethnicity, 27

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores of children at 

kindergarten entry by, 121

in school districts of more than 15,000 students, 95

school districts with distance education enrollment by, 109

by state, 26

type of schooling by, 41

Preprimary education

center-based programs, 53, 54, 55

child care arrangements, 53, 54, 55

enrollment in, 52, 57

literacy activities at home, 58

in public elementary schools, 37, 38

quality of child care arrangements, 56

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

Preschool programs, 52. See also Preprimary education

Price indexes, 34

Primary schools. See Private elementary and secondary schools; 

Public elementary and secondary schools

Principals

in private elementary and secondary schools, 64, 89

in public elementary and secondary schools, 89

Private elementary and secondary schools

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

Catholic schools, 65 (See also Catholic schools)

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

enrollment in, 2, 3, 62, 63

expenditures of, 29

extracurricular activities of high school seniors, 164

grades earned by students in, 156

in grades 9 to 12 compared to 14- to 17-year-old population, 50

graduates enrolled in postsecondary institutions, 210, 211

high school graduates, 66, 110

historical and projected enrollment statistics, 3

homework, 165

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

mathematics achievement

of eighth-graders by attitude, 147

by grade, 146
704 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

minimum credits earned by high school graduates, 161

mobility of teachers, 77

number of, 5, 90

opinions of teachers on problems in schools, 75

opinions of teachers on school conditions, 76

parental participation in activities with children, 60

parental participation in educational activities with children, 59

parental participation in school activities, 61

participants in, 1

percentage of children in, 41

preprimary enrollment in, 52

principals in, 89

reading achievement by grade, 126

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

with security measures, 167

staff and student-to-staff ratios, 64

teachers in, 4, 72

salaries, 79

by school affiliation, 62

tuition for, 63

Private funding for public elementary and secondary schools, 181, 

182

Private gifts and grants

postsecondary institutions, 362

revenues to private postsecondary institutions, 366, 367, 368, 

369

revenues to public postsecondary institutions, 364

by source, 371

Private postsecondary institutions

admission requirements for, 338

applications, admissions and enrollment comparisons, 339

attendance status at, 197, 204, 220

with branch campuses, 275

closing of institutions, 278

by control and affiliation, 205

degrees conferred at, 244, 287, 288, 289, 332

enrollment, 2, 198, 201, 202, 203

by race/ethnicity, 236, 239

by state, 217, 223, 225, 229

expenditures of, 29, 375, 376, 377, 378

faculty in, 4, 261, 263, 264

benefit expenditures for, 273

by gender, 259

part-time, 262

salaries, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272

by state, 258

tenure, 274

first-time freshmen at, 206, 207

for-profit institutions, enrollment in, 222

full-time-equivalent enrollment in, 226, 227, 228

full-time-equivalent staff at, 258

graduation rates for first-time students, 341

historically black colleges and universities, 252

non-degree-granting Title IV institutions, 277

not-for-profit institutions, 221

number of, 5, 276

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

remedial coursework offered by, 340

retention of first-time degree-seeking students by attendance 

status, 342

revenues for by source, 366, 367, 368, 369

revenues from federal government, 370

staff in, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258

student financial aid

postbaccalaureate students receiving, 358, 359, 360, 361

undergraduate students receiving, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356, 

357

Title IV programs, 195

tuition, fees, and board rates for undergraduates, 345, 346, 347

tuition and fees for graduate-level studies, 348

undergraduate enrollment at, 213, 214

Problems in schools, opinions of teachers on, 75

Proficiency levels. See Achievement of elementary and secondary 

students; individual subjects

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), scores of 

fifteen-year-olds in reading literacy, 409

Programs with special instructional approaches in public schools, 

105

Projections of statistics, enrollment at all levels, 3

Psychology

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298, 333

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 326

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301, 334

Public administration

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 327

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Public elementary and secondary schools

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

average daily attendance at, 42

charter schools and traditional, 105

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

crime incidents reported at, 168

distance education participation, 109

dual credit, Advanced Placement and International 

Baccalaureate enrollment, 162

education agencies, 92

elementary schools by state and grade span, 103

enrollment

at all levels, 2, 3

by capacity level, 107

by grade in, 39

in grades 9 to 12 compared to 14- to 17-year-old population, 

50

racial/ethnic distribution by state, 43

by size, 98

by state, 36, 37, 38

environmental conditions, 106

expenditures, 29

by function, 186, 187, 188
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 705

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

for instruction, 189

per pupil, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194

by purpose, 183

by state, 185

for transportation to school, 184

extracurricular activities of high school seniors, 164

foreign language enrollment, 51

free or reduced-price lunch program, students eligible for, 44

grades earned by students in, 156

by grade spans included, 97

graduates enrolled in postsecondary institutions, 210, 211

high school graduates, 110, 111, 112

high school graduates and dropouts, 113

historical and projected enrollment statistics, 3

historical statistics for, 35

homework, 165

internet access, 108

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

mathematics achievement

of eighth-graders by attitude, 147

of eighth-graders by state, 144

of fourth- and eighth-graders by urban district, 145

of fourth-graders by state, 143

by grade, 146

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

by metropolitan status, 93

middle schools, 97

minimum credits earned by high school graduates, 161

mobility of teachers, 77

number of, 5

number of school districts, 90

opinions of teachers on problems in schools, 75

opinions of teachers on school conditions, 76

parental participation in activities with children, 60

parental participation in educational activities with children, 59

parental participation in school activities, 61

participants in, 1

percentage of children in, 41

preprimary enrollment, 52

principals in, 89

pupil-to-staff ratios in, 88

pupil-to-teacher ratios, 67, 70

racial/ethnic concentration of enrollment in, 101

reading achievement (See also under Reading)

of eighth-graders by state, 130

of fourth- and eighth-grade English language learners by 

state, 132

of fourth- and eighth-graders by urban district, 131

of fourth-graders by state, 129

by grade, 126

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

revenues by source of funds, 180, 181, 182

school libraries and media centers, 427, 428, 429

school size of public schools, 99

science achievement

of eighth-graders by state, 149

of high school seniors by attitude, 150

secondary schools by state and grade levels, 104

with security measures, 167

staff in, 84, 85, 86

by state and type of school, 102

subjects taught in high school, 74

suspensions and expulsions from, 169, 170

teachers in, 4, 69 (See also Teachers, elementary and secondary)

characteristics of, 71, 72, 73

as percentage of staff in, 87

salaries, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83

transportation to school, 184

Public libraries, 432

Public opinion. See Opinions on education

Public postsecondary institutions

admission requirements for, 338

affiliation of, 205

applications, admissions, and enrollment comparisons, 339

appropriations for by state, 365

attendance status at, 197, 204, 219

with branch campuses, 275

closing of institutions, 278

degrees conferred at, 287, 288, 332

enrollment, 2, 201, 202, 203

by race/ethnicity, 236, 239

by state, 216, 223, 225, 229

undergraduate, 213, 214

enrollment by control and type of institution, 198

expenditures of, 29, 373, 374

faculty in, 4, 261, 263, 264

benefit expenditures for, 273

by gender, 259

part-time, 262

salaries, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272

tenure, 274

first-time freshmen at, 206, 207

full-time-equivalent enrollment in, 226, 227, 228

full-time-equivalent staff at, 257

graduation rates for first-time students, 341

historically black colleges and universities, 252

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

non-degree-granting Title IV institutions, 277

number of, 5, 244, 276

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

remedial coursework offered by, 340

retention of first-time degree-seeking students by attendance 

status, 342

revenues, 362

revenues by state, 364

revenues from federal government, 370

staff in, 253, 254, 255, 256

student financial aid

postbaccalaureate students receiving, 358, 359, 360, 361

undergraduate students receiving, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356, 

357

Title IV programs, 195

tuition, fees and board rates for undergraduates, 345, 346, 347

tuition and fees for graduate-level studies, 348

Pupils

average number in public elementary schools, 103

expenditures per in public schools, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194

to-staff ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, 88

to-teacher ratios, 67, 68

international comparisons, 407

by metropolitan status in public schools, 93

by state in public schools, 70
706 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Race/ethnicity

ACT scores by, 155

adult education participation by, 434, 435

arts achievement and frequency of instruction by, 134

associate's degrees by, 293, 294, 295

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

bachelor's degrees by, 296, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates in vocational 

education by, 158

Carnegie units earned in high school in advanced mathematics, 

advanced science and engineering, 160

center-based programs and, 53

child care arrangements by, 53, 54, 55, 56

civics achievement by grade, 137

cognitive and motor skills of nine-month-old children by, 118

college enrollment and labor force status of high school 

graduates by, 395

computer usage by, 17, 18, 19

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science by, 159

distribution of enrollment in public schools

by racial/ethnic concentration of school, 101

by state, 43

doctor's degrees by, 302, 303, 304

dropouts from high school by, 115

drug, cigarette, and alcohol usage by teenagers, 172

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment by, 8, 9, 12

educational attainment of 1990 high school sophomores in 2000 

by, 337

employment of high school seniors by, 394

enrollment in postsecondary institutions, 209, 235, 236

estimates of resident population by age and, 21

extracurricular activities of high school seniors by, 164

family characteristics by, 24

first-professional degrees by, 305, 306, 307

geography achievement by grade levels, 139

gifted and talented students by state, 48, 49

grades earned by elementary and secondary students, 156

high school graduates and dropouts by, 113

history, U.S., achievement by grade, 135, 136

homeschooled children by, 40, 41

homework by, 165

internet usage by, 15, 16

labor force participation by, 388

labor force status of high school dropouts by, 396

language, mathematics and motor skills of four-year-olds by, 

120

leisure activities of high school seniors by, 163

literacy skills of adults by, 393

master's degrees by, 299, 300, 301

mathematics achievement

by age, 140, 141

of eighth-graders by attitude, 147

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 145

by grade, 146

of seventeen-year-olds by mathematics coursework, 142

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

mental and physical skills of two-year-olds by, 119

minimum credits earned by high school graduates, 161

number of persons with bachelor's degrees by, 10

parental participation in educational activities with children by, 

59, 60

parental participation in school activities by, 61

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

percentage of population enrolled in school by, 6

postsecondary institutions

certificates granted by, 292

employment in, 256

enrollment in, 212, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239

faculty in, 260, 263, 264, 265, 266

graduation rates by, 341

poverty rates by, 27

preschool literacy activities at home by, 58

private school enrollment by, 62

in public charter and traditional public schools, 105

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement

by age, 124, 128

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 131

of fourth-graders, 129

by grade, 125, 126

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

SAT scores for college-bound seniors by, 151

school districts of more than 15,000 students, 94

school type by, 41

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitude toward science, 150

student financial aid by, 349, 351, 352

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

teachers' educational attainment and experience by, 72

unemployment rate by, 389

U.S. students studying abroad by, 233

violence and drug usage on school property by, 171

writing achievement by grade, 133

Reading

achievement

by age, 124, 127, 128

by amount of reading, homework, and TV, 127

of eighth-graders, 130

of English language learners in public schools by state, 132

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 131

of fourth-graders by state, 129

by grade, 125, 126

international comparisons of, 408

literacy proficiency levels

international comparisons of by country, 409

preschool literacy activities at home, 58

scores at kindergarten entry, 121

skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

Reading First State Grants, 386

Reduced-price lunch program, 44. See also Free or reduced-price 

school lunch program

Region of the country

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

distance education enrollment in public schools and districts by, 

109

doctor's degrees by, 331
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 707

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

dual credit, Advanced Placement and International 

Baccalaureate enrollment in public schools, 162

economics achievement of high school seniors by, 138

extracurricular activities of high school seniors by, 164

geography achievement by grade, 139

history, U.S., achievement by grade, 135, 136

homeschooled children by, 40

mathematics achievement by age, 140

reading achievement by age, 124

schooling type, percentage of children by, 41

Religious affiliation

postsecondary institutions, 205

private elementary and secondary schools, 62, 64

Remedial coursework

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in, 

241

Remedial coursework, postsecondary institutions offering, 340

Research

expenditures at postsecondary institutions for, 373, 375, 376, 

377, 378

federal support for, 380, 382, 387

Residency of freshmen attending in-state postsecondary 

institutions, 230, 231, 232

Retention of first-time degree-seeking undergraduates by 

attendance status, control, and type of institution, 342

Revenues

postsecondary institutions

from federal government, 370

private institutions, 366, 367, 368, 369

public institutions, 362, 363, 364

by source, 362, 364

voluntary support, 371

public elementary and secondary schools

historical statistics, 35

by metropolitan status, 93

source of funds for, 180, 181, 182

in school districts of more than 15,000 students, 95

Room and board for undergraduates at postsecondary institutions, 

345, 346, 347

Rural areas, public elementary and secondary schools, 93

Russian

degrees conferred in, 321

enrollment in high school in, 51

Salaries

of bachelor's degree recipients, 398, 399

of faculty in postsecondary institutions, 263, 264

by academic rank, 267, 268

by state, 269, 270, 271, 272

of principals in public and private schools, 89

public postsecondary institutions, expenditures for, 373, 374

public schools, expenditures for, 188, 189

of teachers, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83

SAT scores, 153

of applicants to postsecondary institutions, 339

of college-bound seniors, 152

and percentage taking SAT by state, 154

by race/ethnicity, 151

Scholarships for college. See Financial aid to postsecondary 

students

Scholastic Aptitude Test. See SAT scores

School activities, parental participation in, 61

School-age population

international comparisons of, 405

by state, 22

School conditions

crime at public schools, 168

enrollment under or over capacity, 107

environmental factors that interfere with instruction, 106

teachers' opinions on, 75, 76

violence and drug usage, 171

School districts, 92

enrollment and poverty in 100 largest, 96

by enrollment size, 91

with more than 15,000 students, 94, 95

number of, 90

School libraries, 427, 428, 429

School lunch program, 106. See also Free or reduced-price school 

lunch program

School year, length of, 175

Science

Carnegie units earned in high school, 160

elementary and secondary education

achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitude toward science, 150

Carnegie units earned by public high school graduates, 157

Carnegie units required by state for high school graduation, 

176

coursework by high school graduates in, 159

skill levels of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 123

international comparisons, 408, 411

of bachelor's degree in, 423

of eighth-graders' scores, 418

of fifteen-year-olds’ scores, 408, 411

of fourth-graders' scores, 417

of graduate degrees in, 424

of instructional practices, 419

postsecondary education

associate's degrees in, 280, 281

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 333

biology degrees, 310, 311

degrees conferred in, 285, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 331

enrollment in, 242

federal support to institutions for, 387

graduate-level enrollment in, 243

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 334

physical sciences degrees, 324, 325

Secondary education for adults, 433, 435

Secondary schools. See Private elementary and secondary schools; 

Public elementary and secondary schools

Security

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

schools with measures for, 167
708 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

Self-confidence in learning mathematics (SCM), 416. See also

Mathematics

Shutdowns of postsecondary institutions, 278

Skills. See also Achievement of elementary and secondary 

students; individual subjects and skills

of adults in prose, document, and quantitative literacy, 393

in four-year-olds, 120

of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122, 123

in mathematics by age, 141

of nine-month-old children, 118

of two-year-olds, 119

Social sciences

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 10, 282, 297, 298, 333

degrees conferred in, 285, 286, 288, 328

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304, 331

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301, 334

Social services, degrees in, 327

Social studies

Carnegie units required by state for high school graduation, 176

criterion-referenced assessments by state, 177

Socioeconomic status. See also Income

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

child care arrangements by, 55, 56

cognitive and motor skills of nine-month-old children by, 118

educational attainment of 1990 high school sophomores in 

2000, 337

employment of high school seniors, 394

extracurricular activities of high school seniors, 164

language, mathematics, and motor skills of four-year-olds by, 

120

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

mental and physical skills of two-year-olds by, 119

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores of children at 

kindergarten entry by, 121

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

Sociology

degrees conferred in, 329

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

Spanish

degrees conferred in, 320

enrollment in high school, 51

Special education. See also Disabilities, students with

age range for compulsory attendance, 174

percentage distribution of students in, 46

postsecondary education and employment status of students in, 397

pupil-to-teacher ratios for, 67

schools by state, 102

students exiting, 117

Sports, participation in by high school seniors, 164

Staff. See also Faculty, postsecondary; Teachers, elementary and 

secondary

in postsecondary institutions, 253–274

by employment status, 253, 255

full-time-equivalent, 257

full-time-equivalent (FTE) in private institutions, 258

in libraries, 430, 431

by race/ethnicity and gender, 256

in private elementary and secondary schools, 64

in public elementary and secondary schools, 84, 85, 86, 87

pupil-to-staff ratios in public schools, 88

States

adult education participation, 433

age range for compulsory school attendance, 174

average daily attendance at public schools, 42

bachelor's degrees conferred in, 333

Carnegie units required for high school graduation, 176

certification test for teachers, 179

criterion-referenced assessments, 177

degrees conferred in, 332, 335

Department of Education appropriations, 385

education agencies, 92

educational attainment by, 11, 12, 13

enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, 36, 37, 

38

enrollment in public schools by race/ethnicity, 43

expenditures

on education, 32

by governments, 30, 31

in public elementary and secondary schools, 185, 186, 187, 

189, 191, 192, 193, 194

free or reduced-price lunch program, students eligible for, 44

gifted and talented students by, 48, 49

graduates from private schools by, 66

high school graduates and dropouts by, 113

high school graduates by, 111, 112

high school graduates enrolled in postsecondary institutions by, 

211

household income and poverty rates by, 25

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, children served 

under by, 47

master's degrees conferred in, 334

mathematics achievement of eighth-graders in public schools, 

144

mathematics achievement of fourth-graders in public schools, 

143

minimum-competency testing by, 178

policies on textbook selection and length of school year, 175

postsecondary institutions

appropriations for, 365

attendance status and gender, 218, 219

employment in, 257

enrollment in, 215, 223, 224, 225, 229, 237, 238

enrollment in for-profit private institutions, 222

enrollment in private institutions, 221

expenditures of private institutions, 379

expenditures of public institutions, 374

faculty in private institutions by, 258

faculty salaries by, 269, 270, 271, 272

first-time freshmen at, 207

full-time-equivalent enrollment in, 227, 228

institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

non-degree-granting Title IV institutions, 277

number in, 276

private institutions by, 217, 220

public institutions by, 216

residence and migration of freshmen, 230, 231, 232

revenues for, 362, 363

revenues to private institutions, 366, 367, 368, 369

tuition, fees and board rates for undergraduates, 346
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 709

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

poverty rates by, 26

public elementary and secondary schools by type 

public elementary schools by grade span, 103

public libraries in, 432

public postsecondary institutions

revenues for, 364

of school, 102

public secondary schools by grade span, 104

pupil-to-staff ratios in public schools by, 88

reading achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by, 130

of English language learners in public schools by, 132

of fourth-graders in public schools by, 129

revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, 180, 

181, 182

SAT scores by, 154

school-age population, 22

school districts with more than 15,000 students, 94, 95

school libraries and media centers by, 429

science achievement of eighth-graders in public schools, 149

staff in public elementary and secondary schools, 85, 86

student financial aid, 353, 358, 359

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

teachers

as percentage of staff in public schools by, 87

in public elementary and secondary schools, 69, 71

pupil-to-teacher ratios in public schools by, 70

salaries of in public schools, 80, 81, 83

Title I agency programs, 386

Statistics and mathematics. See also Mathematics

bachelor's degrees in, 10

degrees conferred in, 323

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

Status dropouts from high school, 115. See also Dropouts from 

high school

Storytelling by parents, 58, 60

Student financial aid

postbaccalaureate level, 358, 359, 360, 361

undergraduate level, 349, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357

Student housing status at postsecondary institutions

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

Students. See Graduate-level studies; Pupils; Undergraduate-level 

studies

Student-to-faculty ratios, 257, 258

Study abroad programs, U.S. students in, 233

Subjects taught in public high schools, 74. See also Coursework/

Credits

Substance abuse. See Drug usage

Suburban areas, public elementary and secondary schools, 93

Suspensions from school, 169, 170

Talented students, 48, 49

Teachers, elementary and secondary

average class size for in public schools, 71

in Catholic schools, 65

characteristics of in public schools, 73

degrees and teaching experience at the elementary/secondary 

level, 72

historical statistics of public schools, 35

international comparisons, 403, 407

mobility of, 77

number of, 1, 4

opinions on school conditions, 75, 76

in private elementary and secondary schools, 62, 64, 66

in public charter and traditional public schools, 105

in public elementary and secondary schools, 69, 70, 87

salaries by teaching experience, 78, 80, 81

salaries in public and private schools, 79

salaries in public schools, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83

states requiring test for certification, 179

subjects taught in public high schools, 74

teaching experience in public schools, 71

teaching experience of, 72

Technical education, 158. See also Vocational schools/education

Technology-based distance education, 109

Teenagers. See also Eighth grade; High school seniors

drug usage by, 172

international comparisons of fifteen-year-olds’ skills

reading literacy skills, 409

international comparisons of of fifteen-year-olds’ skills

mathematics, 410

mathematics, reading and science skills, 408

science, 411

school attendance patterns in tenth grade, 166

Television watching by age, 127

Temporary buildings in public schools, 106

Tenth grade, attendance patterns, 166

Tenure for faculty, 274

Testing, state

criterion-referenced assessments, 177

minimum-competency testing, 178

teacher certification testing, 179

Textbook selection, by state, 175

Theology, first-professional degrees in, 306, 307. See also

Philosophy, religion and theology

Time, use of

in arts instruction for eighth-graders, 134

duration of stay for U.S. college students studying abroad, 233

on homework by age, 127

international comparisons

on mathematics homework, 412, 416

in mathematics instruction, 414, 415

in science instruction, 417, 419

in mathematics instruction for fourth-graders, 143

minimum instructional time per year by state, 175

Title I allocations

to largest school districts, 96

in school districts of more than 15,000 students, 95

by state, 386

Title IV postsecondary institutions, 195

certificates granted by, 292

non-degree-granting, 277

number of, 5

Transportation to school, 184

Tribally controlled institutions, 249

Tuition

for graduate and first-professional students, 348

at private elementary and secondary schools, 63

as revenue to postsecondary institutions

private institutions, 366, 367, 368, 369

public institutions, 362, 363, 364

for undergraduates, 345, 346, 347

Two-year postsecondary institutions

admission requirements for, 338
710 APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

applications, admissions, and enrollment comparisons, 339

attendance status at, 204

with branch campuses, 275

closing of institutions, 278

completion status for students, 343

current-fund revenues for postsecondary institutions, 362

current-fund revenues for postsecondary institutions by state, 

364

enrollment, 198, 201, 202, 203

by race/ethnicity, 212, 236, 239

by recent high school completers in, 210

by state, 223, 225, 229

expenditures of private institutions, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379

expenditures of public institutions, 373, 374

faculty in

by gender, 259

salaries, 268, 269, 270

tenure, 274

field of study at, 242

first-time freshmen at, 206

full-time-equivalent enrollment in, 226, 227

full-time-equivalent staff at, 257

graduation rates for first-time students, 341

historically black colleges and universities, 252

number of institutions, 276

remedial coursework offered by, 340

retention of first-time degree-seeking students by attendance 

status, 342

revenues of private postsecondary institutions, 366, 367, 368, 

369

revenues of public postsecondary institutions, 362

revenues of public postsecondary institutions by state, 364

staff in, 253, 255, 256

student financial aid, 350, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357

Title IV postsecondary institutions, 195

tuition, fees and board rates for undergraduates, 345, 346, 347

undergraduate enrollment at, 213, 214

Under capacity enrollment in public schools, 107

Undergraduate-level studies

admission requirements for institutions, 338

applications, admissions and enrollment comparisons, 339

disabled students enrolled at, 240

enrollment, 200, 202, 203

by attendance status, 213, 214

by race/ethnicity and gender, 235

by state, 224, 225

faculty teaching at, 261

field of study, 242

at institutions with more than 15,000 students, 245

part-time faculty teaching at, 262

retention of first-time degree-seeking students by attendance 

status, control, and type of institution, 342

student financial aid, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 

357

tuition, fees and board rates for, 345, 346, 347

Unemployment rate, 389

for dropouts from high school, 116, 396

for high school graduates, 395

Universities, 198. See also Private postsecondary institutions; 

Public postsecondary institutions

Urbanicity. See Metropolitan status

U.S. Department of Education. See Department of Education, U.S.

U.S. history, achievement levels by grade, 135, 136. See also

History

Values of high school seniors, 402

Veteran status

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework by, 241

Veterinary medicine, first professional degrees in, 291, 306, 307

Videos, 127

Violent crimes

percentage of high school students' experiencing, 171

at public elementary and secondary schools, 168

Visual arts

achievement of eighth-graders, 134

associate's degrees in, 280, 281, 294, 295

bachelor's degrees in, 282, 297, 298

degrees conferred in, 286, 288, 330

doctor's degrees in, 284, 303, 304

enrollment, postsecondary education, 242

frequency of instruction for eighth-graders, 134

institutions conferring degrees in, 289

master's degrees in, 283, 300, 301

Vocational clubs, participation in by high school seniors, 164

Vocational schools/education

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates, 157, 158

international comparisons of as percentage of population, 421

in public secondary schools, 104

pupil-to-teacher ratios, 67

Voluntary support for postsecondary institutions, 371

Whites

ACT scores, 155

arts achievement and frequency of instruction, 134

with associate's degrees, 293, 294, 295

attendance patterns by tenth-graders, 166

with bachelor's degrees, 10, 296, 297, 298

Carnegie units earned by high school graduates in vocational 

education by, 158

Carnegie units earned in high school in advanced mathematics, 

advanced science and engineering, 160

child care arrangements by, 54

civics achievement by grade, 137

college enrollment and labor force status of high school 

graduates, 395

coursework by high school graduates in mathematics and 

science, 159

distribution in public schools

by racial/ethnic concentration of school, 101

by state, 43

with doctor's degrees, 302, 303, 304

dropouts from high school, 115

drug, cigarette, and alcohol usage by teenagers, 172

economics achievement of high school seniors, 138

educational attainment, 8, 9, 12

employment of high school seniors, 394

estimates of resident population by age, 21

family characteristics of, 24

with first-professional degrees, 305, 306, 307

geography achievement by grade, 139

gifted and talented students by state, 48, 49

high school graduates and dropouts, 113
APPENDIX C: Index of Table Numbers 711

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

internet usage, 15, 16

labor force status of high school dropouts, 396

leisure activities of high school seniors, 163

with master's degrees, 299, 300, 301

mathematics achievement

by age, 140, 141

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 145

by grade, 146

of seventeen-year-olds by mathematics coursework, 142

mathematics and science skills of 1998 kindergartners through 

grade 8, 123

percentage of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 

remedial coursework, 241

percentage of population enrolled in school, 6

postsecondary institutions

certificates granted by Title IV postsecondary institutions, 

292

employment in, 256

enrollment in, 209, 212, 235, 239

enrollment in by state, 237, 238

enrollment in by type and control of institution, 236

faculty in, 260, 264, 266

graduation rates, 341

poverty rates, 27

in public charter and traditional public schools, 105

reading, mathematics and fine motor scores at kindergarten 

entry, 121

reading achievement

by age, 124, 128

of fourth- and eighth-graders in urban districts, 131

of fourth-graders, 129

by grade, 125, 126

reading skills of 1998 kindergartners through grade 8, 122

SAT scores for college-bound seniors, 151

science achievement

of eighth-graders in public schools by state, 149

by grade, 148

of high school seniors by attitudes toward science, 150

suspensions and expulsions from public schools, 169, 170

unemployment rate, 389

U.S. students studying abroad, 233

violence and drug usage on school property, 171

writing achievement by grade, 133

Women's colleges, 247

Work experience

of principals, 89

of teachers (See under Teachers, elementary and secondary)

Work load of faculty in postsecondary institutions, 261, 262

Writing achievement by grade, 133

Year-round schools, 174

Years of school completed, 8. See also Educational attainment

Zoology, degrees in, 311