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Amendments to Rule 4352 RULE 4352 SOLID FUEL FIRED BOILERS, STEAM GENERATOR S AND PROCESS

HEATERS (Adopted September 14, 1994; Amended Octobe r 19, 1995; Amended May 18, 2006; Amended [ rule adoption date ])

1.0 Purpose

The purpose of this rule is to limit emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) from solid fuel fired boilers, steam generators and process heaters.

2.0 Applicability

This rule applies to any boiler, steam generator o r process heater fired on solid fuel. Heat may be supplied by liquid or gaseous fuels for star t-ups, shutdowns, and during other flame stabilization periods, as deemed necessary by the owner/operator.

3.0 Definitions

3.1 Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO): as defi ned in Rule 1020 (Definitions).

3.2 ARB: California Air Resources Board.

3.3 Block 24-hour Average: the arithmetic average of the hourly NOx emission rates of a unit as measured over 24 one-hour periods, dai ly, from 12:00 AM to 11:59 PM, excluding periods of system calibration.

3.4 Boiler or Steam Generator: any combustion equi pment fired directly or indirectly

with any solid fuel used to produce hot water or st eam.

3.5 British Thermal Unit (Btu): the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 59°F to 60°F at one atmosph ere.

3.6 EPA: United States Environmental Protection Ag ency.

3.7 Flame Stabilization: any period in which supple mental use of a liquid or gaseous fuel is required in instances including control of one or more pollutants, or to alleviate or prevent unanticipated equipment outage s or emergencies, directly affecting the public health, safety, or welfare, wh ich would result from electric

power outages.

3.87 Gaseous Fuel: any fuel which is a gas at stand ard conditions.

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Amendments to Rule 4352 3.98 Heat Input: the heat of combustion released d ue to burning a fuel in a unit, based

on the higher heating value of the fuel, not includ ing the sensible heat of incoming

combustion air and fuel.

3.109 Higher Heating Value (hhv): the total heat l iberated per mass of fuel burned (Btu

per pound), when fuel and dry air at standard condi tions undergo complete combustion and all resulting products are brought t o their standard states at

standard conditions.

3.11 Hot Standby Condition: a condition in which al l fuel feed has been curtailed and the boiler is secured at a temperature greater than the current ambient

temperature.

3.120 Liquid Fuel: any fuel which is a liquid at standard conditions.

3.13 NOx Emissions: the sum of oxides of nitrogen (NO) in the flue gas, collectively

expressed as nitrogen dioxide.

3.141 Potential to Emit: as defined in Rule 2201 (New and Modified Stationary Source

Rule).

3.152 Process Heater: any combustion equipment fir ed on solid fuel, which transfers heat

from combustion gases to water or process streams. Process heaters exclude kilns or ovens used for drying, baking, cooking, calcinin g, heat treating or vitrifying.

3.164 Rated Heat Input: Rated Heat Input (million Btu per hour): the heat input capacity specified on the nameplate of the unit. If the uni t has been physically modified such that its maximum heat input differs from what is specified on the nameplate, the modified maximum heat input shall be considered as the rated heat input and made enforceable by Permit to Operate.

3.175 Shutdown: the period of time during which a unit is taken from operational to nonoperational status by allowing it to cool down from its operating temperature and pressure to an ambient temperature, or to a hot sta ndby condition. Duration of shutdown shall not exceed 12 hours unless a longer time has been authorized

under Section 5.3.4.

3.186 Solid Fuel: any fuel which is a solid at sta ndard conditions.

3.197 Standard Conditions: defined in Rule 1020 (D efinitions).

3.2018 Start-up: the period of time during which a unit is heated to the operating temperature and pressure from a shutdown status. or hot standby condition.

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Amendments to Rule 4352 3.2119 Stationary Source: as defined in Rule 2201 (New and Modified Stationary Source

Review Rule).

3.220 Unit: any boiler, steam generator or process heater as defined in this rule. For the

purpose of this rule, two boilers, two steam genera tors, or two process heaters may be considered as one unit, if, they are operate d as one single unit sharing a single common stack and have been issued only one D istrict Permit to Operate (PTO).

4.0 Exemptions

Except for complying with the recordkeeping require ments of Section 6.12 and applicable compliance schedule in Section 7.0, this rule shall not apply to units operated at a Stationary Source that has a potential to emit less than 10 tons per year of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) or volatile organic compounds (VOC).

5.0 Requirements

5.1 The owner/operator of a boiler, steam generator or process heater shall not operate

such a unit in a manner that results in NOx and CO emissions exceeding the limits specified in Table 1. The emission limits measured in parts per million by volume (ppmv) are referenced at dry stack gas conditions a nd shall be corrected to the applicable percent O 2 or CO 2 specified in Table 1 in accordance with EPA Method

19.

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Amendments to Rule 4352 Table 1 - NOx and CO Emission Limits

Fuel Type Tier 1 Emission Limits

effective until December 31, 2006 Tier 2 Emission Limits

effective on and after January 1, 2007 until December 31, 2012 Emission Limits effective on and after January 1,

2013

NOx Limit CO Limit NOx Limit CO Limit NOx Limit CO Limit

Municipal

Solid Waste 200 ppmv

corrected to
12% CO 2 400 ppmv

corrected to
3% O 2 , or
310 ppmv

corrected to
7% O 2 , or
310 ppmv

corrected to
12% CO 2 200 ppmv

corrected to
12% CO 2

400 ppmv

corrected to
3% O 2 165 ppmv

corrected to
12% CO 2

400 ppmv

corrected to
3% O 2 Biomass using Multiple

Hearth

Furnace 0.35

lb/MMBtu of heat input 115 ppmv

corrected to
3% O 2 90 ppmv

corrected to
3% O 2

All Others 0.20

lb/MMBtu of heat input 115 ppmv

corrected to
3% O 2 65 ppmv

corrected to
3% O 2

5.2 All NOx and CO emission limits shall be based on a block 24-hour average. A

violation of the emission limits as measured by the test methods listed in Section

6.34 shall constitute a violation of this rule.

5.3 Start-up and Shutdown Provisions

The applicable emission limits of Section 5.1 shal l not apply during start-up or shutdown provided an operator complies with the req uirements specified below.

5.3.1 The duration of each shut down shall not e xceed twelve (12) hours, except as provided in Section 5.3.4.

5.3.2 Except as provided in Section 5.3.4, the dura tion of each start-up shall not exceed 96 hours. If curing of the refractory is re quired after a modification to the unit is made, the duration of s tart-up shall not exceed 192 hours, except as provided in Section 5.3.4.

5.3.3 The emission control system shall be in opera tion and emissions shall be minimized insofar as technologically feasible durin g start-up or shutdown.

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Amendments to Rule 4352 5.3.4 Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 5 .3.1 or Section 5.3.2, the APCO, ARB, and EPA may approve a longer start-up or shutdown duration, if an operator submits an application for a Permit to Operate which provides a justification for the requested ad ditional duration.

5.3.4.1 The maximum allowable duration of start-up or shutdown will be determined by the APCO, ARB, and EPA.

5.3.4.2 At a minimum, a justification for increased start-up or shutdown duration shall include the following:

5.3.4.2.1 A clear identification of the control tec hnologies or

strategies to be utilized; and

5.3.4.2.2 A description of what physical conditions prevail

during start-up or shutdown periods that prevent th e controls from being effective; and

5.3.4.2.3 A reasonably precise estimate as to when the

physical conditions will have reached a state that allows for the effective control of emissions; and

5.3.4.2.4 A detailed list of activities to be perfo rmed during

start-up or shutdown and a reasonable explanation for the length of time needed to complete each activity; and

5.3.4.2.5 A description of the material process flo w rates

and system operating parameters, etc., the owner/operator plans to evaluate during the process optimization; and an explanation of how the activities and process flow affect the operatio n of the emissions control equipment; and

5.3.4.2.6 Basis for the requested additional durati on of startup or shutdown.

5.4 Units operated at less than 50 percent of rated heat input (RHI)

Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 5.1, t he APCO, ARB, and EPA may approve an increased emission limit if the owner/op erator submits an application for a Permit to Operate, which provides a justifica tion for the requested limit.

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Amendments to Rule 4352 Operations above 50 percent of RHI shall comply wit h the emission limits in

Section 5.1.

5.4.1 The maximum NOx or CO emission limit for oper ations less than 50 percent of RHI will be determined by the APCO, ARB, and EPA.

5.4.2 At a minimum, a justification for an increase d emission limit shall include the following:

5.4.2.1 The basis for the requested increased em ission limit; and

5.4.2.2 A clear identification of the control techn ologies or strategies to be utilized; and

5.4.2.3 A description of what physical conditions p revail at less than 50% of RHI that prevent the controls from being complet ely effective;

and

5.4.2.4 A reasonably precise estimate as to when th e physical conditions

must be reached that allows for the effective contr ol of emissions;

and

5.4.2.5 A detailed list of activities to be perform ed to control emissions and a reasonable explanation for the length of time needed to complete each activity; and

5.4.2.6 A description of the material process flow rates and system operating parameters, etc., the owner/operator plan s to evaluate during the process optimization; and an explanation of how the activities and process flow affect the operation of the emissions control equipment.

5.54 Monitoring Provisions

The owner/operator of any unit using ammonia inje ction as a NOx control

technique, shall operate a Continuous Emissions Mon itoring system (CEM) to monitor and record NOx concentrations, CO 2 or O 2 concentrations, as well as the NOx emission rate. Continuous Emission Monitoring s ystems shall be operated, maintained, and calibrated pursuant to the requirem ents of 40 CFR 60.7 (c) and 60.13. CEMs must also satisfy the Performance Speci fications of 40 CFR 60 Appendix B and the Relative Accuracy Test Audit of Appendix F.

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Amendments to Rule 4352 6.0 Administrative Requirements

6.1 Emission Control Plan

The owner/operator of any unit subject to the pro visions of this rule shall submit to

the APCO an emissions control plan of all actions t o be taken to satisfy the requirements of Section 5.0. Such plan shall ident ify the type of emission controls to be applied to each unit and a construction sched ule, or shall provide source tests, in accordance with Section 6.4, sufficient t o demonstrate that the unit is currently in compliance with the emission limits of this rule.

6.12 Recordkeeping

6.12.1 Except for municipal solid waste (MSW) fir ed units; the owner/operator of

any unit subject to the requirements of this rule s hall maintain, on a monthly basis, an operating log for each unit that includes the following

information:

6.12.1.1 type and quantity of fuel used.

6.12.1.2 the higher heating value (hhv) of each fuel as determined by Section 6.34, or as certified by a third party fuel supplier.

6.12.2 The records required by Section 6.12.1 sha ll be retained on site for a

period of five years, and shall be made available t o the APCO, ARB, and EPA upon request.

6.23 Compliance Source Testing

6.23.1 Each unit subject to the requirements of t his rule shall be tested at least once every twelve (12) months, to determine complia nce with the applicable requirements of Section 5.0.

6.23.2 All emission measurements shall be made wit h the unit operating either at conditions representative of normal operations or c onditions specified in the Permit to Operate.

6.23.3 No compliance determination shall be establ ished within two hours after a

period in which fuel flow to the unit is zero, or i s shut off for 30 minutes or longer.

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Amendments to Rule 4352 6.34 Test Methods

6.34.1 Compliance with the requirements of Section 5.0 shall be determined in accordance with the following source test procedure s unless otherwise approved by the APCO, ARB, and EPA:

6.34.1.1 Oxides of nitrogen (ppmv) – EPA Method 7E, or ARB Method

100.

6.34.1.2 Carbon monoxide (ppmv) - EPA Method 10, or ARB Method

100.

6.34.1.3 Stack gas oxygen - EPA Method 3 or 3A, or ARB Method 100.

6.34.1.4 NOx emission rate (Heat input basis) - EPA Method 19.

6.34.1.5 Stack gas velocities - EPA Method 2.

6.34.1.6 Stack gas moisture content - EPA Method 4.

6.34.1.7 Solid fuel higher heating value (hhv) - ASTM Method D 2015-96 5865-10, or

6.34.1.8 Solid fuel higher heating value (hhv) - ASTM Method E 711-87.

6.34.1.9 ASTM D 1826-94 or D 1945-96 in conjunction with ASTM D 3588-98 for gaseous fuels.

7.0 Compliance Schedule

7.1 Owners/operators of each unit subject to the p rovisions of this rule shall

demonstrate compliance in accordance to the followi ng schedule:

7.1.1 For units at a stationary source that has th e potential to emit 10 to 50 tons

per year of NOx or VOC:

On and after January 1, 2007, demonstrate complia nce with the Table 1

Tier 2 emissions limits and all applicable requirem ents of this rule.

7.1.2 For units at a stationary source that has th e potential to emit greater than or

equal to 50 tons per year of NOx or VOC:

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Amendments to Rule 4352 7.1.2.1 By March 14, 1995, submit to the APCO an emission control

plan pursuant to Section 6.1 and a complete applica tion for an Authority to Construct (ATC), if necessary.

7.1.2.2 By May 31, 1995, demonstrate full complian ce with Table 1 Tier

1 emission limits and all applicable requirements o f this rule.

7.1.2.3 On and after January 1, 2007, demonstrate compliance with Table

1 Tier 2 emissions limits and all applicable requir ements of this

rule.

7.1.3 For units exempted pursuant to Section 4.0, o n and after January 1, 2007 comply with the recordkeeping requirements of Secti on 6.2.

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