NBSIR 80-2155

Single- Family Residential Fire and

Live Loads Survey

Lionel A. Issen

Center for Fire Research

National Engineering Laboratory

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

December 1980

Report

(FAA-H-37-72, Task 200)

Prepared for: Division of Energy, Building Technology and Standards

''ffice of Policy, Development and Research

- QQ — apartment of Housing and Urban Development

2qq

ashington, DC 20410

. U56

80-2155

1080

National Bureau of Standards

Library, _,E-01 Admin. Bldg.

MAR 1 3 1981

NBSIR 80-2155 a

SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL FIRE AND

LIVE LOADS SURVEY

Lionel A. Issen

Center for Fire Research

National Engineering Laboratory

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

December 1980

Report

(FAA-H-37-72, Task 200)

Prepared for; Division of Energy, Building Technology and Standards

Office of Policy, Development and Research

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, DC 20410

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Productivity, Technology, and Innovation

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler, Director

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TABLj: OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

iv

LIST OF TABLES vi

Abstract 1

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . 2

1 . 1 Background 2

1.2 Survey Overview 3

1.3 Differences Between Different Housing Classes 3

2. SURVEY METHODOLOGY 4 2.1 The Inventory Method for Load Surveys 4 2 . 2 Survey Tasks 4 2.3 Sources for Furnishings Data . 4

2.4 Development of Transfer Functions 5

2.5 Selection of Target Residences . . . . 6

3. FIELD SURVEY FORMS 7

3.1 General Concept 7 3.2 Room Classifications 8

3.3 General Description of Forms 8

4. CALCULATION OF LIVE AND FIRE LOADS 11

4.1 Definitions of Live and Fire Loads 11

4.2 Live Load Transfer Function 12

4.3 Fire Load Transfer Function 13

4.4 Computation of Equivalent Fire Load 14

5. SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING 15

5.1 General Factors 15

5.2 Live and Fire Loads 17

5.2.1 Room Loads 17

5.2.2 Composition of Fire Load 18

5.2.3 Loads Close to Walls 19

5.2.4 Percent of Floor Covered 19

6.

MOBILE HOMES . . 19

* ^6.1 General Characteristics of Mobile Home? 19

*6.2 Live and Fire Loads 20

7. SPECIAL SURVEY 21

7.1 Error Due to Differences Between Survey Teams 21

7.2 Estimate of Error Due to Inventorying 22

8. DISCUSSION OF SURVEY RESULTS 23

9.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 24

10.

REFERENCES 24

APPENDIX A A-1

APPENDIX B Instructions and Survey Forms B-1

APPENDIX C Example of Use of Transfer Functions C-1

iii
LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 4-1. Transfer function for mirrors (wall form) 26

4-2. Transfer function for kitchen tables (tables form) ... 27

4-3. Transfer function for upright pianos (case goods form) . 28

4-4. Transfer function for wood kitchen base cabinets

(kitchen cabinets form) 29

4-5. Transfer function for box springs (beds form) ..... 30

4-6. Transfer function for sofas (upholstered. .. form) .... 31

4-7. Transfer function for portable televisions (appliances

form) 32

B-1. Survey form - general description B-12

B-2. Survey form - rooms B-14

B-3. Survey form - walls B-16

B-4. Survey form - tables B-17

B-5. Survey form - case goods B-18

B-6. Survey form - beds B-19

B-7. Survey form - upholstered furniture B-20

B-8. Survey form - Chairs B-21

B-9. Survey form - kitchen cabinets and built-ins B-22

B-10. Survey form - contents B-23

B-11. Survey form - appliances B-24

B-12. Survey form - plumbing and heating B-25

B-13. Survey form - miscellaneous items B-26

B-14. Survey report B-27

B-15. House types B-28

B-16. House shapes B-29

B-17. Method for numbering floors B-30

B-18. Method for numbering walls and sectors B-31

C-1. Rooms form example C-11

C-2. Rooms form continuation example C-12

C-3. Walls form example C-13

C-4. Tables form example C-14

iv
Page

Figure C-5, Case goods form example C-15

C-6. Chairs form example C-16

C-7. Drawer, shelf, cabinet or closet contents example . , . C-17

V
LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1-1. Loss comparison for fires in the United States 33

1-2. Geographic distribution of surveyed residences and mobile

homes 33

4-1. Load transfer functions for form R for calculation of

interior finish fire load only 34

4-2. Load transfer function for walls form W for calculation

of interior finish fire load only 36

4-3. Load transfer function for tables - form 01 37

4-4. Load transfer function for case goods - form 02 38

4-5. Load transfer function for kitchen cabinets and

built-ins - form 03 40

4-6. Load transfer function for beds - form 04 41

4-7. Load transfer functions for upholstered furniture - form 05 44

4-8. Load transfer function for chairs (other than

upholstered) - form 06 45

4-9. Load transfer function for drawer, shelf, cabinet or

closet contents - form 07 46

4-10. Load transfer function for appliances - form 08 50

4-11. Load transfer function for plumbing and heating - form 09 52

4-12. Fire load transfer function - form R 53

4-13. Fire load transfer function for walls - form W 54

4-14. Fire load transfer function for tables - form 01 55

4-15. Fire load transfer function for case goods - form 02 . . . 57

4-16. Fire load transfer function for kitchen cabinets and

built-ins - form 03 60

4-17. Fire load transfer function for beds - form 04 61

4-18. Fire load transfer function for upholstered furniture - form 05 63

4-19. Fire load transfer function for chairs - form 06 65

4-20. Fire load transfer function for drawer, shelf, cabinet

or closet contents - form 07 66

4-21. Fire load transfer function for appliances - form 08 . . . 68

4-22. Fire load transfer function for plumbing and heating - form 09 69

vi
Page

Table 5-1. Age distribution of surveyed houses 70

5-2. Number of years occupied by current resident 71

5-3. Distribution of number of rooms 71

5-4. Distribution of garages 72

5-5. Room frequency distribution of room area (sq. ft.)

SFA 73

5-6. Room frequency distribution of room area (sq. ft.)

SFD 74

5-7. Exterior finish single family housing 75

5-8. Roofing materials in single family housing 75

5-9. Distribution of basements and their finish 76

5-10. Distribution of utility rooms and their finish 76

5-11. Distribution of attic spaces 77

5-12. Room frequency distribution of live load (Ib/sq. ft.)

SFA 78

5-13. Room frequency distribution of live load (Ib/sq. ft.)

SFD 79

5-14. Room frequency distribution of movable contents fire

load (Ib/sq. ft.) SFA 80

5-15. Room frequency distribution of interior finish fire

load (Ib/sq. ft.) SFA 81

5-16. Room frequency distribution of room total fire load

(Ib/sq. ft.) SFA 82

5-17. Room frequency distribution of interior finish fire

load/total fire load SFA 83

5-18. Room frequency distribution of movable

load (Ib/sq. ft.) SFD 84

5-19. Room frequency distribution of interior finish fire

load (Ib/sq. ft.) SFD 85

5-20. Room frequency distribution of room total equivalent

fire load (Ib/sq. ft.) SFD 86

5-21. Room frequency distribution of interior finish fire

load/total fire load SFD 87

5-22, Average movable contents fire load (Ibs/sq. ft.) SFA ... 88

5-23. Average interior finish fire load (Ib/sq. ft.) SFA .... 89

5-24. Average room total fire load (Ibs/sq. ft.) SFA 90

5-25. Average movable contents fire load (Ibs/sq. ft.) SFD ... 91

vii
Page

92 Table 5-26. Average interior finish fire load (Ibs/sq. ft.) SFD . . .

5-27. Average room total fire load (Ibs/sq. ft.) SFD 93

5-28. Room frequency distribution of percent live load within

two feet of wall SFA 94

5-29. Room frequency distribution of percent movable fire

load within two feet of wall SFA 95

5-30. Room frequency distribution of percent live load

within two feet of wall SFD 96

5-31. Room frequency distribution of percent movable fire

load within two feet of wall SFD 97

5-32. Room frequency distribution of percent floor area

covered SFA 98

5-

33. Room frequency distribution of percent floor area

covered SFD 99

6-1. Age distribution of mobile homes 100

6-2. Comparison of number of years occupied by current

resident for three types of housing 100

6-3. Comparison of occupant density in surveyed housing ... 101

6-4. Number of rooms by mambers of dwelling units MH 102

6-5. Room frequency distribution of room area (sq. ft.)

MH 103

6-6. Room frequency distribution of live load (Ib/sq. ft.)

MH 104

6-7. Room frequency distribution of percent moveable

fire load within two feet of wall MH 105

6-8. Room frequency distribution of percent floor area

covered MH 106

6-

9. Room frequency distribution of movable contents

equivalent fire load (Ib/sq. ft.) MH 107

6-

10. Room frequency distribution of interior finish

equivalent fire load (Ib/sq. ft.) MH 108

6-11. Room frequency distribution of room total equivalent

fire load (Ib/sq. ft.) MH 109

6-12. Room frequency distribution of interior finish fire

load/total fire load MH HO

7-

1. Comparison of mean room area (sq. ft.) HI

7-2. Comparison of live load (Ib/sq. ft.) H2

7-3. Estimate of surveyors error, teams 1 and 2 113

viii
Table 7-4. Estimate of surveyors error, teams 3 and 4

8-1. Room and closet total live load (Ib/sq. ft.)

8-2. Room and closet total fire load (Ib/sq. ft.)

8-3. Average fire load of contents and its distribution

with respect to materials (Ib/sq. ft.)

8-4. Average fire load of interior finish and its

distribution with respect to materials (Ib/sq. ft.)

8-5. Average room and closet total fire load and its

distribution with respect to materials (Ib/sq. ft.)

Page

. . 114

. . 115

. . 116

. . 117

. . 118

. . 119

IX
SI CONVERSION UNITS

In recognition of the position of the U.S.A. as a signatory to the General

Conference of Weights and Measures, which gave official status to the metric

SI system of units in 1960, the author assists readers interested in making

use of the coherent system of SI units by giving conversion factors applicable

to U.S. units used in this paper.

Length

1 in. = 0.0254* meter

1 ft. = 0.3048* meter

Area

- 4 1 in.^ = 6.4516* x 10 meter^

1 ft. 2 = 0.09290 meter^

Force

1 lb. (Ibf) = 4.448 newton

Pressure, Stress

1 psf = 47.88 pascal

Thermal

1 Btu = 1.054 X 10^ joule

"k Exactly

X
SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL FIRE AND LIVE LOADS SURVEY

Lionel A. Issen

ABSTRACT

A fire and live load survey of 359 residences,

consisting of 61 single family attached (SFA) , 200 single

family detached (SFD) , and 98 mobile homes (MH) , was made

in the metropolitan Washington, D. C. area using an

inventory technique rather than actual weighing of the

room contents. The survey was performed to gain information on live and fire loads which would be used to

develop a realistic fire test exposure curve for single

family homes (SFA, SFD, and MH) , and to gain experience

in household surveys that would be useful in a similar

nationwide survey. The fire load is reported in terms

of composition and of an equivalent 8000 Btu/lb fuel.

The live loads and movable contents fire loads were

similar for the three occupancies, but the room finish

fire load was higher in mobile homes due to the more

extensive use of plywood in the interior wall finish.

The weighted mean (according to floor area) of the live

load observed in the survey for each of the three classes

of housing was approximately 10 Ib/sq. ft. The corresponding weighted mean movable contents fire loads were

approximately: SFA, 7 Ib/sq. ft.; SFD, 7 Ib/sq. ft.;

MH, 6 Ib/sq. ft. The total weighted mean fire loads

(contents and finish) were approximately: SFA, 13 Ib/sq.

ft.; SFD, 13 Ib/sq. ft.; MH , 18 Ib/sq. ft. The nominal

0.95 fractile live and fire loads were also calculated.

Key words: Field surveys; fire; fire loads; furnishings;

household surveys; live loads; mobile homes; residential

surveys; transfer functions.

1
1 . INTRODUCTION

1 . 1 Background

In the United States, residential fire losses are a continuing severe

problem. The data in table 1-1 by Klem [1] ^ show that during the reporting

period only about 28% of the reported fires occurred in residences and mobile

homes, but these fires included 78% of the deaths and 58% of the dollar fire

losses. Thus there is a need to understand the residential (and mobile home)

fire problem so that steps may be taken to reduce these losses.

In 1976 a survey of fire and live loads in single-family residences and

mobile homes was made in the greater Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

2 The data from the survey are intended to provide current information , which

could be used to develop more valid fire exposure curves for use in standard

fire tests [3] of residential and mobile home building components.

In order to develop fire exposure curve or curves which would simulate

the growth and development of fires in single-family residences and mobile

homes, information on (a) the combustible contents, and (b) room geometries

and thermal properties are required. This information would allow different

scenarios to be investigated for the development of fire exposure curves for

single-family residences and mobile homes. This information can only be

obtained by a survey of the actual fire loads in the pertinent occupancies.

During the course of this survey Fang [4] has used some of this data to

develop a realistic fire exposure curve for residential occupancies.

A literature review of fire and live load surveys by the author [5,6]

indicated that very little fire load data existed for residences. Since its

publication Ingbergs's survey [2] has continued to be of interest, and in

1973 was reprinted to meet continuing demand and made available through the

National Technical Information Service. Ingberg surveyed 13 apartments and

single-family occupancies in which all live and fire load items were weighed

or measured. However, since the 1930s, life styles, furnishings, and our

understanding of fire growth have changed.

^Numbers in brackets refer to references listed at the end of this report.

2 The last American fire load survey was made in the 1930 's [2].

2
1 . 2 Survey Overview

The survey of residences included 61 single-family attached (SFA) , 200

single-family detached (SFD) , and 98 mobile homes (MH) for a total of 359

units. A geographic distribution of the surveyed units is shown in table 1-2.

The residential survey was made using an inventory technique similar to

the one developed by Culver [?] for his survey of office buildings. This

technique requires information on the size, composition, and weights of furnishings. This information was collected from the furnishing industry, and

internal NBS sources [7,8,9]. The survey was performed by students attending

George Washington University with a total of 62 students participating. At

any time there were usually about five to seven teams of two students each.

1.3 Differences Between Different Housing Classes

In the model building codes little distinction in terms of fire

resistance requirements is made between single-family attached and singlefamily detached housing. The only distinction in the fire requirement is

that the party wall between attached housing must be fire rated. The results

of this survey for single-family attached and single-detached residences are

separated so that any differences between the observed loading in these two

types of housing may be examined. The data for mobile homes is treated

separately because their construction is significantly different from most

single-family residences, and they come under different code requirements

[ 10 ].

Additional data, other than the fire and live loads, on the surveyed

housing is included in this report as it may bear on related decision-making

by users of this survey.

There may be regional and socio-economic factors that influence the

live and fire loading which could be uncovered in a more extensive and

detailed survey in several different geographical areas.

Summaries of the live loads, fire loads, and components of the fire load

are discussed in section 8 below.

3
2 . SURVEY METHODOLOGY

2.1

The Inventory Method for Load Surveys

Most previous surveys appear to have used direct weighing techniques

[e]. Though some attempts have been made to use inventory survey methods,

the first comprehensive application of inventory survey methods was made by

Culver [ 7 , 11] in a survey of fire and live loads in U.S. office buildings.

In an inventory survey method, a set of descriptors is used to identify

the location, class, material and characteristics of the furnishing items.

By visual examination and selected length measurements, a trained surveyor

records information on each item of furnishings in each room of a building.

Information on the room size and the interior finish material is also

recorded. When compared to actual weighing methods this reduces the disruption of normal activities in the homes being surveyed, and requires much less

training effort for the survey crews. This also enables a larger number of

units to be surveyed with the same resources and eliminates the need for

direct weighing of each furnishing object. The disadvantages of an inventory

method are the difficulty in describing the expected furnishing items by a limited set of descriptors, and the need to keep the size and number of the

forms within manageable limits. An inventory method is of course less

precise than actual weighing.

2.2

Survey Tasks

The survey activities were separated into five broad task areas;

(1) collection of information on the size, weights, and composition of

furnishings; (2) determining a set of descriptors that could be incorporated

into a relatively simple mathematical equation or set of equations to give

the weight, composition and fire load of each item^, (3) preparing a set of

survey forms which embody the transfer functions in the descriptors;

(4) selecting and surveying the target residences; and (5) processing the

data

2.3

Sources for Furnishings Data

The main sources for furnishings data were manufacturers, retailers

and data developed at NBS [7,8,9].

Culver [ 7 ] called these equations "transfer functions" and we will use the

same terminology.

4
The procedure for selecting the furniture companies from whom data would

be requested was to first select several companies on the basis of size or

representative features of their product line. Next, a representative

selection of furniture, millwork, electronic, piano, plumbing, bedding and

other manufacturers was made from the trade association membership lists and

other source data. Altogether over 130 manufacturers, publishers, government

agencies and trade associations were contacted for information on furnishings.

In his survey Culver [7,ll] was concerned with office furnishings.

Because these occur in a relatively limited number of office furniture types,

sizes and weights, he was able to use a detailed classification of the office

furniture components. For residential furnishings there exists a great

variety of furniture types, sizes, weights, and materials and such a breakdown would be inefficient. Fortunately, the information that was gathered

on residential furnishings from U.S. manufacturers and retailers tended to

show that the furnishing type, size, and material would provide enough

information to identify the weight of most items adequately for the needs of

this survey. Culver's data [v] was used as an additional source of data

particularly for metal furnishings. Data from the NBS Center for Fire

Research [8,9] and engineering analysis and judgment were also used to

complete the basic data. The combustible weight fractions of the fire load

were converted to equivalent weights of combustibles having a calorific value

of 8000 Btu/lb, i.e. equivalent weight of wood.

2.4 Development of Transfer Functions

A transfer function, as used in this survey, is a mathematical function

that relates the descriptors on the survey form to a live load and a fire

load. The descriptors may include, but are not limited to, such factors as

4 dimensions, materials, construction, and compaction.

The concept of a transfer function implies that the items being surveyed

are in standard sizes, materials, and weights. Though no such industry-wide

standards exist, the requirements of the marketplace and the available

technology produce furniture types that appear to be consistent in their

weight characteristics. This relationship may not hold for the future since

the increasing use of foamed plastics will probably lead to lighter weight

Compaction refers to the relative compaction of materials such as books,

papers, phonograph records, clothing and so forth. One hundred per cent

compaction is the greates density to which a material may normally be

compressed in stacking or storing.

5
furniture, which may have a higher rate of heat contribution and heat content

per unit weight than similar conventional furniture [12].

The transfer functions provide for a representative mean of a range of

values. For example, the weights of all upholstered chairs of a size group

are not the same, but identifying the pertinent weight factors will minimize

the range over which weights of a given size vary. Although the surveyors

could not open drawers and cabinets^, in a related Swedish household survey

[ 13 ] it was noted that in most cases drawers and cabinets were filled tightly,

so that if the main class of item in the drawers of a bureau or cabinet can

be identified (by query) , a reasonable estimate of the weights of the contents

may be made

The fire load data should be used with caution. Though these figures

are based on engineering estimates of the combustible load of the various

furnishing and interior finish items, they do not indicate rate of combustion.

Different materials burn at different ra’tes, and even a particular material

will burn at different rates depending on its form. For example a solid

block of wood or plastic and the same weight of shredded material will burn

at distinctly different rates under the same exposure.

2.5 Selection of Target Residences

The target SFA and SFD residences were identified by a random selection

in the Haynes Criss-Cross Directories for Washington, D.C., and the

neighboring suburban areas of Maryland and Northern Virginia. A computer

program that was developed for another program at NBS was used [l4]. This

computer program uses a psuedo-random number generator to select a sample of

specified size from the directory. The sample is identified by page, column,

and line, listed in directory order. After the names and addresses were

identified a form letter was sent with a return postcard. The postcard

allowed the recipient to indicate whether or not they would allow their home

to be surveyed and the most convenient times for this survey. On receipt of

the postcard the surveyors then set up appointments by telephone.

The mobile home parks were identified from telephone directories, from

commercial mobile home guides, and from contact with local government

authorities. With the cooperation of the parks' management, a blanket

mailing was made to a number of the larger mobile home parks in the Maryland

and Virginia suburban areas (there are no mobile home parks in Washington,

^Office of Management and Budget (0MB) Privacy Requirement.

6
D.C.). The park managers either provided the mailing list, or provided the

street names and numbers that applied (most of the larger local parks use

regular street addresses) , or in one case these letters were distributed to

the residents when they paid their monthly rent. The last was as successful

in terms of responses as mailing the letters with a return postcard. After

trial, it was found that the response rate for mobile homes was improved by

mailing the letter without a return postcard, and then phoning the resident

to further explain the purpose of the survey and to answer any questions.

This procedure had been tried, unsuccessfully, with the survey of single

family attached and single family detached residences.

The response from residents for permission to survey their houses was

lower than expected. The response from each mailing of solicitations varied

from about 3% to 5%. This low response was probably due to a sense of

invasion of privacy, a lack of commitment to participate in a project aimed

at improving fire standards and the time it took to complete a survey

(average time 2 hours) . In middle and upper income neighborhoods in

conventional housing, the response appeared to be somewhat higher than in

lower income neighborhoods. Among families living in mobile homes the

response was higher than from families living in conventional housing, the

response appeared to be somewhat higher among middle income families than

from lower income families.

3. FIELD SURVEY FORMS

3.1 General Concepts

The survey forms are arranged so that the housing unit (SFA, SFD, or MH)

is first described, followed by a description of each room and its contents.

That is, a complete set of forms for a survey consists of one form that

describes the house and the number of occupants, followed by 2 forms that

describe each room and up to 10 forms that describe the furnishing items in

each room. The survey for a particular room includes only those forms that

are necessary to describe the furnishings in that particular room. The field

survey forms together with the instructions manual are shown in Appendix B.

The furnishings are grouped into a number of generic classes; such as tables, chairs, case goods, etc. For each generic class of furnishing there

is a survey form on which the size, material and other pertinent factors are

categorized by a group of descriptions. The location was given by identifying

in which of 5 room sectors the item was located. Four sectors were adjacent

to the walls and were 2 ft. wide. The fifth sector was the remaining middle

7
portion of the room. The arrangement of the sectors is shown in figure B-18

in Appendix B. The surveyor entered the appropriate descriptor and the size

of the furnishing on the form. These descriptors were then used in transfer

functions to determine the live load and fire load. In order to measure the

variability between surveyors one residence was surveyed by four teams. This

is described in section 7.

3.2 Room Classification

There were 14 types of rooms listed in the survey forms. These included

hallway/foyer , bathroom/powder room, kitchen, dining room, living room,

family/recreation, study/office, bedroom, basement, garage, utility, attic,

storage, and other (unclassified) . The attics and garages frequently could

not be surveyed and so the data from these rooms are not included in the

report. Thus in this report the contents of 12 of the 14 room types are

described. The term "room" in this report means any identifiable enclosed

space

3.3 General Description of Forms

A detailed set of instructions for completing the survey forms together

with copies of the forms is given in Appendix B. This section provides a supplemental overview of these forms.

General House Description and Demographic Factors - Form G

This form provides a general description of the house and some

demographic factors. The name and address of the resident which appears on

this form was not included in the data base since this exclusion was a privacy act requirement. The first 6 blocks on form G were used as a house

identification number that appears on all the forms for the particular house.

Rooms — Form R

Each form starts with a room identifier. The room identifier includes

the house, or form number so that if the forms or the punched cards are

inadvertantly mixed the data can be identified and put in the correct file.

The next questions identify the form, class type, size, material and

location in the room, the number of identical items in the same sector and

whether or not the object is on the floor. The last question permits

calculating the area of the floor that is actually covered with furnishings.

8
Properly speaking, the weights of the walls and finish should only be

included in the structural dead load. On the other hand the surface finish

of a room contributes to the overall fire load of the room. For this reason

the wall, floor and ceiling finish is included in the fire load but not in

the live load for a particular room. The weight conversion data is partly

from Culver [v] and partly from published and unpublished data from the NBS

Center for Fire Research [8,9]. The room form includes details of the

surface finish, and the sizes of doors and windows. The first 11 blocks on

the room form are used as an identifier on all the subsequent forms for a particular room.

Walls — Form W

This form is basically a continuation of the Rooms Form. It identifies

such items as number of closets and those fire and live loads that are

usually attached to or hang from the walls of the room. The definition of

a closet used in the survey generally follows the definition in the proposed

revisions to the Life Safety Code that any compartment greater than 24 square

feet in area is a room, but a room 24 square feet and less is a closet [l6]

Tables — Form 01

This form lists the major table types found in residences. Though it

is difficult to identify all of the table types that are available to the

consumer, an attempt was made to group the major types into a list of

manageable length.

Case Goods — Form 02

This form includes all case good items except kitchen cabinets, which

are listed in Form 03. Subsequent to the development of this form it was

noted that the weights and materials of case goods items that are not

specifically identified on this form did correlate satisfactorily with

similar itemiS. An example of this is enclosed cocktail tables, which

correlate closely with case goods -- "chest/dresser/bureau/desk,"

Kitchen Cabinets and Built-ins — Form 03

This form includes kitchen cabinets which properly speaking might be

included under case goods. Since this class is an important one it was

decided that it should be listed separately.

9
Beds Form 04

On the survey form the beds are classified by standard sizes. The

transfer function for cribs includes the crib, rails, mattress, and bumper

pad.

Upholstered Furniture — Form 05

This form includes all upholstered furniture. During the preparation

of this form it was noted that the transfer functions for trundle beds and

day beds correlate with medium weight sofas. Wicker sofas are very light

and require a separate transfer function.

Chairs — Form 06

This form includes chairs other than upholstered chairs. It includes

padded chairs such as many types of kitchen and dining room chairs, but

excludes the completely upholstered chairs which are included in Form 05.

Drawer, Shelf, Cabinet or Closet Contents — Form 07

This form includes the general classes of room contents other than

furnishings such as books, clothing, dishes, etc. The transfer functions

were developed by using a combination of engineering analysis, moving

companies' data and selected weighing of household items.

Appliances — Form 08

The wide variety of both large and small domestic appliances make it

difficult to design a simple form that would meet all the anticipated load

items that might be found in an average residence or mobile home. The form

was specialized for large appliances as these are more significant load

items than are the small appliances. Small appliances were reported on the

"Miscellaneous" form.

Plumbing and Heating — Form 09

This form identifies the major plumbing and heating items that are

found in residences. Most of these items are largely noncombustible. The

few exceptions include tubs and shower stalls made of glass reinforced

plastic and toilet seat-cover assemblies which are usually made of wood or

plastic materials.

10
Miscellaneous Form 10

This form is used to cover all items that do not fit into the other

forms. The information was manually processed to provide live and fire load

data

Survey Report —• Form 11

This last report is used as a management tool to determine statistics on

the time taken by the survey teams to complete the survey. The data are not

included in the data base.

4. CALCULATION OF LIVE AND FIRE LOADS

4.1 Definitions of Live and Fire Loads

The live load is expressed in Ibs/sq. ft. of floor area and as defined

in this report includes movable furnishings and contents, and semi-permanent

furnishings such as kitchen cabinets, room dividers, built-in bookcases and

shelving. It does not include the permanent structure, or the surface finish

materials attached to walls, ceiling or floors, the weight of people, or the

exterior loads due to wind or snow accumulation.

The fire load is defined as the total heat that could potentially be

released per square foot of floor area divided by the heat of combustion of

wood which is taken to be 8000 Btu/lb. Thus a wooden table in a given room

would have the same fire and live loads whereas the fire load for plastic

furniture generally would exceed its live load. The room contents movable

* fire load includes the combustible portion of the room contents and

furnishings. For built-in cabinets this includes the shelving, cabinet

doors, contents and frame. The room finish fire load includes the surface

finish on gypsumboard (usually paper or plastic) , wall paper, paint on

surfaces, combustible wall panels, wood floor, combustible floor and wall

tile, wall to wall rugs and pad, exposed framing, doors and door frames,

windows and window frames. Where the floor was covered by a wall to wall

rug, only the rug and pad were included. The same rule was used for

combustible floor tile. If the rug or combustible tile covered only part of

the floor in a room, then both the floor and the rug or tile were included

in the fire load.

11
4.2 Live Load Transfer Functions

The transfer functions which relate the survey descriptors to the total

weight and the weight fractions of each material were calculated from the

information that was obtained from manufacturers, trade associations,

catalogues, and published information within the Center for Fire Research

[ 8 , 9 ]. The data for each load class item were summarized in tables, and the

data were analyzed to find the most suitable factor or factors that correlated

with weight. In most cases it was found that volume correlated with weight,

but in some cases other factors were used: these included cubic foot

capacity for refrigerator/freezers, screen size for console television sets,

and Btu capacity for window air conditioners.

The computational process was done in two steps: the first step was to

calculate the live load; the second step was to separate the live load into

material types such as wood, paper, plastic, metal, ceramic, etc.

The live load transfer functions were calculated using an available

programmable magnetic card desk calculator with an attached line plotter.

In all cases a linear regression relationship using the method of least

squares was satisfactory over the range of furnishings sizes of interest.

For some items the mean and standard deviation were sufficient for the live

load transfer functions and in some cases simple engineering analyses were

adequate (such as for the weight of wood shelving) . The linear regression

curves were used to provide a measure of the range of weights and sizes of

the load items and the mathematical equation that relates weight to survey

descriptors. Examples of these linear regression curves are shown in

figures 4-1 through 4-7 inclusive. An example is shown for each form except

for the Rooms form. Chairs form, and Drawer, Shelf ... Contents form where

the transfer functions were based on engineering analysis or mean values.

For some of the furnishings, only the gross shipping weight was directly

available —as shown, for example, in figures 4-2, -4, and -7. In these

cases, the manufacturers or the retailers were able to provide estimates

or exact weights of the packaging for many of the furnishings in the class.

Using this data, the transfer function based on shipping weight was adjusted

to provide the transfer function for the net weight.

Figure 4-1 shows the transfer functions for Mirrors (Walls form) . Most

of the transfer functions on this form were derived in part or in whole by

engineering analysis and judgment. Figure 4-2 shows the transfer functions

for kitchen table (Tables form) . Figure 4-3 shows the transfer functions

for upright pianos (Case Goods form) . Upright and spinet pianos are classed

12
as "mediuiTi*' weight on the survey form to distinguish them from grand pianos

which are classed as "heavy." Figure 4-4 shows the transfer function for

wood kitchen base cabinets (Kitchen Cabinets, etc. form). In the calculations

for live and fire loads the counter top material was added to their weight.

Figure 4-5 shows the transfer function for box springs (Beds form) . For

standard beds in this classification the weight of the mattress, box spring,

head and foot board, and frame was assumed to give a total weight for the

furnishing item. It was also assumed that a standard bed, v/ater and storage

bed, was covered by 2 sheets, 2 blankets and 2 or 4 pillows depending on its

size. Figure 4-6 shows the transfer functions for a variety of sofas

(Upholstered Furniture form) . During this analysis, it was noted that trundle

and day beds correlated with medium weight sofas. For the items on the

Chairs form, mean v/eights from manufacturers data and Culver's [?] data were

used. For the Drawer, Shelf, Cabinet or Closet contents form a variety of

methods was used to determine transfer functions for this broad class of

load items. For papers and books Culver's data [?] was combined with CFR

data [8,9], engineering analysis and actual weighing of several different

kinds of papers and books to give reasonable average weights. For textile

items, weighing of several classes of textiles and clothes led to the use of

an average set of weights, depending on degree of compaction (see table 4-9)

Figure 4-7 shows the transfer functions for TV sets (Appliances form)

The transfer functions for live loads are summarized in tables 4-1 to

4-11. In the last column in tables 4-1 to 4-11 entitled "No. of sources (No.

in sample)," the first nuiiUDer means the number of pieces of data that were

used to provide the information. For example in 3(10), the 3 means that

there were three different sources for the data and the "(10)" in the

parentheses means that ten different types of furnishings of the generic

type were used to develop the particular transfer function. Some items that

are listed on the survey forms are not listed on either the load transfer

tables or the fire load transfer tables. The reason for this is that the

design of the survey forms and the calculation of the transfer functions

were dovetailed with the preparation of the computer program for reducing

the raw data. These items are therefore to be considered as being "not

applicable"

4.3 Fire Load Transfer Functions

The fire load transfer functions, which are summarized in tables 4-12

to 4-22 were derived from the live load transfer functions using available

information on the h€iats of combustion of generic material commonly used for

residential furnishings. For combinations of materials where the top legs.

13
sides etc. are made of different materials, engineering judgments were used

inasmuch as furnishings information was frequently too limited to use directly.

4.4 Computation of Equivalent Fire Load

Historically all the available combustible material is included in the

fire load, and this practice is continued in this report. It is apparent

that some of the combustible material in a room may not be immediately

available for contributing to the growth of a fire. Such materials could

include door and window frames, drawer contents and the contents of built-in

storage. Future analyses of fire growth in rooms should take into account

the lesser contribution of certain portions of the fire load.

The basic method for computing the equivalent fire load is as follows:

Consider that the load item is composed of n materials and that each material

has weight and produces a heat output of Btu per lb. Then the total

load in pounds is

n

W.

1

1

and the equivalent fire loading in pounds is given by

n

W. Q.

r 1

1

8000

where

8000 = Btu content of 1 lb of combustibles, such as wood [2].

The equivalent fire loading is summed for each load item, in each

sector of a room, and s\ammed for the room as a whole to give the total fire

loading in each room.

An example of the use of transfer functions to estimate the live and

fire loads is given in Appendix C.

14
5. SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING

5.1 General Factors

A number of general descriptors of the single-family housing units were

recorded during the survey. These included age of the unit, number of years

occupied by the residents, number of rooms, garages, attics, and basements.

The age distribution of the surveyed housing is shown in table 5-1. The

data indicates that approximately half the houses were less than 20 years

old. The number of years occupied by the current resident is shown in

table 5-2. The data indicates that about 40% of the residents have occupied

their house for less than 5 years and about 60% less than 10 years.

The SFD homes in the survey were found to have a greater number of rooms

than the SFA. The data shown in table 5-3 show that 13% of the attached

homes have 15 or more rooms, while 35% of the detached homes have 15 or more

rooms with a combined total of 30% of all the houses in the survey having at

least 15 rooms. The number of homes with garages is shown in table 5-4.

Note that for purposes of this survey "room" includes hallways, storage areas,

basements, bathrooms, utility rooms, etc.

Originally the fire load for each housing type was listed under three

headings: (1) "Room," (2) "Closet," and (3) "Room and Closet." Examination

of the data showed only small differences in intensity of movable and total

fire load between that for "Room" and that for "Room and Closet." For this

reason and to keep the number of tables and figures manageable, the data are

reported only for the "Room" summaries unless otherwise noted. The

distribution of room areas are shown in tables 5-5 and 5-6 for SFA and SFD,

respectively

.

In general the rooms in the detached houses tended to be larger than

those in attached houses even though the largest rooms in attached housing

were comparable in size with the largest rooms in detached housing. The

data for attics and garages are incomplete since the surveyors could not get

access to most of these rooms and so these data are excluded. There were a total of 23 "other" rooms (6 in SFA, 17 in SFD) . These are rooms that had

mixed functions or were being renovated or remodeled so that their main

function was not apparent.

For exterior finish, only the major (more than 50%) surfacing material

was reported. Masonry was the most common exterior finish in single-family

15
housing. The data in table 5-7 shows that among the surveyed residences, 70%

had masonry exterior finish and that wood siding and aluminum siding combined

was used in 25% of the surveyed houses. The remaining houses had asphalt or

asbestos shingles, stucco and mixed exterior finishes. The high percentage

of SFA houses that have masonry exterior may be due to the fact that most of

these units are older houses located inside the District of Columbia where

masonry exteriors predominate^.

The two most common roof materials were asphalt shingle and tar and

gravel. A few houses, mostly single-family detached, had clay tile or slate

roofs. This is not surprising as clay tile or slate is more expensive than

other kinds of roofing material that are currently used. The distribution

of roofing materials for the houses surveyed is shown in table 5-8.

Because of the importance of room finish on the growth and development

of fires —particularly in rooms containing heat sources, such as furnaces,

water heaters, and clothes driers —this information is summarized for

basements and utility rooms in tables 5-9 and 5-10. The information for

utility rooms was not structured to provide the information in the same form

as that for the basement. In table 5-10, utility rooms are classed as unfinished if either the walls or ceiling were described as unfinished or

having a wood finish. This sorting was made after examining the original

survey forms and discussion with the surveyors.

From the data 212 or 81% of the surveyed houses had basements; of this

number 109 or 51% were either semi-finished or unfinished. The data also

showed that 46% of the observed utility rooms were unfinished (or were

reported as having a wood finish) . Thus approximately one-half of these

potentially high fire risk areas had a room finish that could contribute to

the rapid growth and development of a fire.

Of the surveyed residences 59% had unfinished attics, 10% had finished

attics and 31% had either inaccessible attics or no attics. The distribution

of attic spaces in the houses surveyed is shown in table 5-11.

^In other geographical regions of the country, other exterior finishes may

predominate

16
5 . 2 Live and Fire Loads

5.2.1 Room Loads

The r6om live load is shown in table 5-12, for SFA and in table 5-13,

for SFD residences. The statistic (mean + 1.64 SD) , where SD = standard

deviation, has been included in these tables. A discussion of the use of

this statistic for these data is given in Appendix A. The average live load

in SFA residences was generally a little higher than in SFD residences,

except for the dining room, study, and other rooms. This can be partially

explained on the basis that heavier furniture was found in dining rooms, and

more books were found in the studies of SFD homes than in SFA. Examination

of the data indicates that these differences are not significant. A weighted

mean according to area of the live load for the whole house and the range of

the average live load for all of the rooms was

House Type Live Load Ibs/sq. ft.

Mean Range

SFA 10.1 1.9 - 37.5

SFD 9.9 2.5 - 32.3

Because of different uses, the room loads tended to fall into two ranges; a high range for kitchens, dining rooms, studies, and storage rooms, and a low

range for the remaining rooms. The high range tended to be in excess of

12 Ibs/sq. ft., the low range was less than 8 Ibs/sq. ft. In kitchens, some

or all of the cabinets may be hung from load-bearing partitions. In such

cases these loads are not applied to the joists and would not be part of the

normal floor load. These live loads were calculated in order to determine

the fire loads in the kitchens.

The fire load consists of two parts, one part from the movable contents

and the second part from the room finish. The distribution of movable

contents fire load, interior finish fire load, total fire load and the ratio

of finish fire load to total fire load is shown in tables 5-14 to 5-17 for

SFA and in tables 5-18 to 5-21 for SFD.

A weighted mean of the equivalent movable contents fire load and the

range of the average values for the whole house were

17
House Type Movable Contents Fire Load Ibs/sq

Mean Range

SFA 6.7 1.4 - 16.8

SFD 6.8 1.3 - 17.8

A similar weighted mean and range of total fire load was

House Type Total Fire Load Ibs/sq. ft.

Mean Range

SFA 12.1 6.9-25.7

SFD 12.7 6.0 - 24.2

The room finish is of the order of one-half the total fire load.

As shown above the observed mean and range of live load, movable

contents fire load and total fire load were similar for SFA and SFD

residences

5.2.2 Composition of Fire Load

The composition of the fire load is an important parameter in

evaluating fire risk and for understanding the growth and development of

fires in rooms and residences. To meet these needs the fire load is

separated into its component materials, i.e. wood, paper, plastic, fabric,

and other. Rugs are included with fabric. The average movable fire load,

interior finish fire load, and room total fire load is shown in figures 5-22,

23, 24 for SFA and in figures 5-25, 26, 27 for SFD.

The observed range of average weights of the component materials of the

movable contents fire load in all the rooms was as follows:

House Type Movable Fire Load Ib/sq. ft.

Range of Component Materials

Wood Paper Plastic Fabric Other

SFA 0. 4-4.0 0. 4-9.0 0. 1-4.0 0.06-1.8 0-0.5

SFD 0. 4-4.0 0.4-10.0 0.1-0.

8

0.04-1.0 0.02-0.5

The classification of "other" material includes paints , cleaners. chemicals

,

and petroleum products.

18
5.2.3 Loads Close to Walls

Experimental studies at NBS and elsewhere have shown that in terms of

flame height and fire growth, fires that originate close to a wall are

generally more serious than those that originate in the middle of a room [l7]

.

To provide information for future fire studies the live load and the fire

load within 2 feet of the room wall were identified in this survey. The live

load and the fire load located within 2 feet of the wall are shown in tables

5-28 and 5-29 for SFA and in tables 5-30 and 5-31 for SFD. A weighted mean

of the percent movable live load within 2 feet of the wall was 71% for both

SFA and SFD with a standard deviation of 14% for SFD and 15% for SFA,

indicating no significant difference. This is not surprising since heavy

furniture pieces and case goods are usually placed against the walls of a room. These data are similar to that from a recent survey of office

buildings [11] where it was also found that most of the movable live load

was located within 2 feet of the wall.

5.2.4 Percent of Floor Covered

To assist in planning scenarios for fire tests and in developing a model of fire growth and spread, the percentage of the floor area covered by

movable fire load was derived from the survey data. This information is

shown in table 5-32 for SFA and 5-33 for SFD. A weighted mean value of all

room types of the average for each room gave 32% covered for SFA and 30%

covered for SFD with a standard deviation of 13% and 11%, respectively.

6; MOBILE HOMES

6.1 General Characteristics of Mobile Homes

7 In this survey the exteriors of the 98 observed mobile homes were

8 quite uniform: 98 had metal roofs, 96 had metal sides, 2 had masonry sides , and 2 units had attached garages (96 units had no garages). Garages, attics,

basements and "other" rooms were excluded from the data lists. The first

three were eliminated for the obvious reason that they generally do not

Many mobile homes are frequently "mobile" only for the period of time spent

in travel from the factory to the park site. The mobile home then usually

stays permanently on the mobile home lot.

gNon structural shell.

19
apply to mobile homes, and the fourth was eliminated because no rooms were

reported as "other" in this part of the survey. Thus the data for mobile

homes are reported under 10 room types.

The room listing for mobile homes includes family rooms, study, utility

* room and storage room. It is probable that the surveyors selected the room

description according to the apparent use of the particular space. In a survey of this kind, the surveyors were required to exercise some judgment in

applying descriptors to the observations.

As shown in table 6-2, the mean number of years that each class of

housing has been occupied is considerably less for mobile homes (3.5 years)

than for the other two classes of single-family homes (10 years)

.

Though the number of occupants per unit is similar to those for single

family residences, because of the smaller area, the occupants of the mobile

homes tend to be more crowded than those in single-family homes. This is

indicated in table 6-3 which shows that the observed available area per

person in mobile homes is about one-half that found in other types of

single-family homes.

The number of rooms in the mobile homes surveyed was smaller than the

number in SFA and SFD residences. It should also be noted that the mobile

home rooms are also generally smaller in area than the rooms in the

single-family residences surveyed.

The distribution of the number of rooms is shown in table 6-4 and the

area of the rooms is shown in table 6-5.

6.2 Live and Fire Loads

The definition of live and fire loads is the same as that for

single-family residences, refer to Section 5.2 above.

The transfer functions for the interior finish fire load in mobile homes

are the same as those used for conventional housing.

The room live load is given in table 6-6. A weighted mean and range of

the average live load for all the rooms was: mean - 9.6 Ibs/sq. ft.,

range - 5.4 to 22.7 Ibs/sq. ft. This mean should be compared to the

corresponding weighted mean live load of 10.1 Ibs/sq. ft. for SFA and

9.9 Ibs/sq. ft. for SFD.

20
The distribution of percent movable load with 2 feet of wall is shown

in table 6-7 and the percent of floor covered by movable live load is shown

in table 6-8. The weighted mean of all the rooms for each room class gave

a mean value of 78.0% of the movable load within 2 feet of the wall and a standard deviation of 8.3%. Though this is higher than the 71.2% for both

SFA and SFD it is" not surprising since rooms are smaller in mobile homes

than in single-family residences. A similar calculation for percent floor

covered gave 32.1% of the floor covered with a standard deviation of 9.7%.

This compares with 32.0% for SFA and 30.2% for SFD.

For the rooms in the mobile homes the movable fire load, the interior

finish fire load and the total fire load are shown in table 6-9, 6-10 and

6-11. The ratio of finish fire load to total fire load is shown in table 6-12.

A weighted mean of the average movable contents equivalent fire load and the

range of average values gave the following: mean - 5.6 Ibs/sq. ft.,

range - 1.2 to 20.1 Ibs/sq. ft. A similar calculation for total equivalent

fire load gave the following: mean - 17.7 Ib/sq. ft., range 14.9 to 38.5

Ib/sq. ft.

The observed range of average weights of the component materials of the

movable contents fire load in the surveyed mobile homes were as follows:

wood - 0.3 to 4.6 Ibs/sq. ft., paper - 0.1 to 14.4 Ibs/sq. ft., plastic - 0.1

to 0.9 Ibs/sq. ft., fabric - 0.1 to 0.9 Ibs/sq. ft., and "other" - 0 to 0.5

Ibs/sq. ft.

Most of the room finish fire load in mobile homes consists of wood and

paper with plastic generally third place. It is likely that the finishes

that were reported as being plastic consisted of vinyl coated plywood or

plasticized finish on plywood.

7. SPECIAL SURVEY

7.1 Error Due to Differences Between Survey Teams

To provide a measure of the differences between survey teams, a single

family detached home was surveyed by four survey teams. Originally it was

planned to also weigh the contents, but this was not possible because of

funding limitations.

This special survey was scheduled at the end of the mobile home survey.

The time coincided with the end of the school year when the normal complement

of surveyors was no longer available. The four available survey teams

21
included two experienced teams and two inexperienced teams. A second

difficulty, which was discussed only after the event, was that between the

second and third survey the owner was redecorating and refinishing his house,

so that the furnishings were somewhat different both in quantity and kind,

between the first two and last two surveys.

The results of the special survey show that on room areas, shown in

table 7-1, there was reasonable agreement except that team 3 reported two

family rooms totaling 324 sq. ft. and team 4 missed a storage room and a utility room. The owner of the house indicated that the basement area was

divided and finished in a manner that could make it difficult for a surveyor

to identify some of the spaces by unique room descriptors.

The results of the live load measurements are shown in table 7-2. The

results for teams 1 and 2 are comparable with each other and those for

teams 3 and 4 are comparable with each other. Part of the differences may

be due to teams 3 and 4 being inexperienced and part may be due to the

redecorations and refurnishings that occurred. Taking the special surveys

in pairs, i.e. survey 1 with 2, and 3 with 4, the standard error of the mean

[is] for two surveys is equal to one-half the range. This comparison is

shown in table 7-3 and 7-4. Based on this analysis the error between

surveyors is of the order of 15% to 20%.

7.2 Estimate of Error Due to Inventorying

In the absence of actual weighing of house contents, it is not possible

to estimate the overall error due to using an inventory procedure. For the

special survey, the weighted average (according to area) movable live load

for all the rooms was 8.4 Ib/sq. ft. with a standard deviation of 7.1 Ib/sq.

ft. Culver [ll] was able to physically weigh the contents of a selected

office. He then used this data to estimate errors among surveyors and due

to inventorying. Having this data he estimated that the overall error due

to "surveyor" error and "measurement" error to be of the order of 10%. It

should be noted that office contents and furnishings are far more standardized

as to styles, shapes and weights than are household furnishings and so it

would be expected that the survey error for the residential survey would be

higher than in Culver's office loads survey. This could be confirmed by

actual weighing of contents in a future survey of this kind.

22
8. DISCUSSION OF SURVEY RESULTS

The total live load and the total fire load for rooms and closets for

the three types of occupancy are compared in tables 8-1 and 8-2. In

addition to the mean load, these tables also list the live loads corresponding

to the (mean + 1.64 SD) . A discussion of the significance of this statistic

is given in Appendix A. The fire load statistics should be applied with

care. The reasons for this may be explained by analogy with design for live

load effects. When designing for live load effects, the designer includes

the effects of dead loads, movable loads, impact loads, periodic loads, and

any unusual loads [5,13]. When considering fire loads the corresponding

factors that effect the duration and intensity of a fire include among

others: the magnitude of the fire load, the physical and chemical composition

of the combustibles, the form and the compaction of the combustibles, the

rate of heat release and the amount of ventilation.

At this time there is a project at NBS to develop experimental fire

exposure curves for residences using average fire loads derived from the

data from this survey [4], A future specification for a design fire load

should be based on this and related work.

The breakdown of the fire load by actual observed weights of materials

is shov/n in table 8-3 for room contents, table 8-4 for interior finish, and

table 8-5 for room and closet total fire load. Table 8-4, Interior Finish

Fire Load, shows that for mobile homes this fire load is higher than for

single-family housing. This is due to the extensive use of wood paneling in

mobile homes. Carpeting accounts for most of the contribution of the fabric

while the source of the paper is mainly the covering of the gypsum wallboard

and wallpaper.

On the average, about one third of the floor area is covered with

furniture and about three fourths of the fire load is located within 2 feet

of the walls (for all three classifications —SFA, SFD and MH) . The variation

of the fire and live loads among rooms of a given type are best seen by

referring to the tables in this report and by noting the standard deviation

reported in the tables. Wood was the predominant component of the movable

contents. Gypsum board was the most frequent interior wall surface material

for SFA and SFD. The exterior surfaces of the SFA and SFD residences were

mostly masonry and asphalt shingles accounted for most of the roofing

materials. For mobile homes the interior finish was predominantly wood

while the exterior finish of the walls and roofs were usually metal.

23
Just prior to this report being printed the results of a recent

Canadian survey of live loads in residences [is] became available. The

results of the Canadian survey while different are in general agreement with

the live loads reported in this survey. The Canadian survey also used an inventory technique for determining the live loads in residences.

9 . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The completion of a project of this kind is the result of the

cooperation and assistance of many people. William Douglas Walton of the

Center for Fire Research wrote the computer program for producing the graphs

and tables in this report; Robert M. McCabe and Jack Gorman of the Center for

Consumer Product Technology wrote the computer program that converted the

survey data into live and fire loads. Ms. Carol Harrison of NBS assisted in

the preliminary design of the survey forms. Irving Silver, Peter Davidoff

and John Pressley led the George Washington University Residential Survey

Team. Charles Culver of the Center for Building Technology shared his

experience with a related survey of office buildings. Dan Gross and

William J. Parker of the Center for Fire Research thoroughly and patiently

reviewed early drafts of this paper and many others who provided assistance

and comments during the course of this survey. Bruce Ellingwood of the

Center for Building Technology reviewed the final draft and brought to my

attention the recent Canadian residential survey by Madsen and Turkstra [18].

10. REFERENCES

[1] Klem, T. J., (Draft) Interim Report Mobile Home Fire Problem in

the United States. National Fire Protection and Control

Administration (now Federal Emergency Management Administration)

,

Washington, D.C., (1978). An updated version is scheduled for

publication in 1980.

[2] Fire Resistance Classifications of Building Constructions, from

Building Materials and Structures Report, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) BMS 92

(1942). Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, Order No. COM

73-10974.

[ 3 ] Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials

ANSI/ASTM E 119-78. American Society for Testing and Materials,

Philadelphia, PA, 1978.

[4 ] Fang, J. B. and Breese, J. N., Fire Development in Residential Basement

Rooms, Interim Report. In process. National Bureau of Standards.

Washington, D.C. 1980.

[ 5 ] Issen, L. A., A Literature Review of Fire and Live Load Surveys in

Residences, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR 78-1440 (1978).

24
[6] Ileany, A. C., A Reliability-Based Study Concerning Live Loads and

Modified Structural Design, Thesis presented to the University of

Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1971)

.

[ 7] Culver, C. and Kushner, J., A Program for Survey of Fire Loads and

Live Loads dn Office Buildings, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), NBS TN-858

(May 1975)

,

[sj Babrauskas, V., Full-Scale Burning Behavior of Upholstered Chairs,

NBS TN-1103, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Washington, D.C. 20234, 1979.

[ 9

]

Schmulling, D. W. , A Materials Survey of the Furniture Industry

unpublished report (1974) .

[ 10 ] Federal Mobile Home Construction and Safety standard. Department of

Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C., June 1976.

[ 11] Culver, C., Survey Results for Fire Loads and Live Loads in Office

Buildings, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), NBS Building Science Series 85

(May 1976)

.

[12] Klitgaard, P, S. and Williamson, R. B., The Impact of Contents on

Building Fires, JFF/Consumer Product Flammability, Vol. 2, pp. 84-113

(March 1975)

.

[ 13] Sentier, L., A Live Load Survey in Domestic Houses, Report 47,

Division of Building Technology, Lund Institute of Technology,

Lund, Sweden (1974)

.

[ 14] Hall, VJ. , Ayers, T. and Doxey, D., Survey Plans and Data Collection

and Analysis Methodologies: Results of a Pre-Survey for the Magnitude

and Extent of the Lead Based Paint Hazard in Housing, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.3.>, NBSIR 74-426 (January 1974).

[15] Huntsberger, D. V., and Billingsley, D. , Elements of Statistical

Inference, 3rd Edition, Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston, Mass., 1973.

[I 6 J NFPA Life Safety Code, Revised 1976 National Fire Protection

Association, Boston, Massachusetts (1976)

.

[17 J Tu, K. M. , and Babrauskas, V., The Calibration of a Burn Room for Fire

Tests on Furnishings, NBS TN-981, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),

Washington, D.C., 1978.

[1 8] Madsen, H. O. , and Turks tra, C. J., Residential Floor Loads-Theoretical

and Field Study, Report ST. 79-9, Department of Civil Engineering,

McGill University, Montreal, Canada (1979) .

[19] Basic Notes on Actions (third draft) , CEB-CECM-CIB-FIP-AIBSE-RILEM,

LNEC, Lisbon, Portugal 1976.

[20] Karman, T., Statistical Investigations on Live Loads on Floors,

Committee W23, International Council for Building Research and

Documentation, presented at the Session in Madrid, Spain, 1969.

25
26

FIGURE

4-1

TRANSFER

FUNCTIONS

FOR

MIRRORS

CWALL

FORM)
(sqi)

1K9I3M

FIGURE 4-2 TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR KITCHEN TABLES (TABLES FORM)

27
28
(sqil 1H9I3M

CO

29

FIGURE

4-4

TRANSFER

FUNCTION

FOR

WOOD

KITCHEN

BASE

CABINETS

(KITCHEN

CABINETS

FORM)
30
31
90

80

70

60

50

ABUCK & WHITE SHIPPING WEIGHT

o COLOR SHIPPMG WEIGHT

4 8 12 16 20

PICTURE TUBE SIZE (In)

FIGURE 4-7 TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR PORTABLE TELEVISIONS (APPLIANCES

32
Table

1-1.

Loss

comparison

for

fires

in

the

United

States

[1]

0}

C

M o O *H o s

CO

OCi -Hs

0) oo o o o *. &

CM

O

O

O 0) I—t iH D- IOJ CO

CD T) 3 rH O O

r-l 43 OO

o^

O

O

m o I<U CO

CO -o 3O O

43 43

CDa

•H /—s

[=4

m

iH ON

I—( cn

CO •H ON

•U rH 3

cu "3 CD

03

iH CO •H 3

43 3 O -H S

CO

(Uao

43

(U iH

•H

,3Oa

tjc

cO

CO

(U

CJc

(U TO

•H

CO

CU

>4 *3

(U>N>

>43

CO M4O3O

•H

4J3

.3

CO •H"3

43

3.3

}400o3

CJ

cv)I

433H 1

Totals 1

67

147 145

r

359 1

Mobile

Home I

42 56 CO

CT> 1

Detached 28 99 73 11i200 1

Attached 39 6 16 r-H SO

District

of

Columbia

Maryland Virginia 1

Total 1

33
Interior

Finish

Fire

Load

Only

iwO

c

o

-HP

(d

I—

I

3U

I—

(tJ u

po

U_l

w

c

(dp

EH

T3

(d

I

XI

(d

fri

C/5

4-4o c

4J O

CJ -H

o; 4J O iH CO Cd cO Cd •H (U • • • • 4-! U 3 3 3 3

>4-1 p

0) o O CJ u

<4-1 (0 C 0)

<U *H O

• &6

o (d Z w

p

0) u

(Ua

H

6^O

O

c

cd ji

CO (d

CO 0)

(U M

iH cd

pi 4-> 4-J 4-1 44 >4-1 V—/ x: x: x:

PJ 4-1 PI •a 'O *0

•H *H *H S S & + + +

CO CIO 4J 3 3

3 4-4 >3 >3 /-V /**\ /*s /-N 0 iH •t •H >w/ X-NCSI CM CM cvl CM CM CM CM CM CM O CM CM C4 cn 3 43 x: x: CM 4J 4J 4J 4J 4J U U U U

•H pi 4J U •H 4.J 3 PI 4J 4H 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 U 4J >4-1 >4-1 4-4 3 60 00 00 I4_l s-x s-y' N-x } U 'w' V-/ s-x CM n 0 3 3

0 00 3 O 3 3 cd cd cd cd cd Cd Cd Cd Cd cd 0 •H 3 3 Cd CO 3 /«-S hJ h4 hJ cd 0) 0) 0) (U o ^ d) q) d) 0) p4 c; (U 3 0) a

N— w 'w' Q) u u u u u u u u u u

3 3 u 0) 3 O 3 <j <C <! <i <J <3 <j <: < <1

<S <! <4 4J B o X X X < 1 •H 3 > X X X X X X X X X X

X X X 3 w in VO u-i X f 4-1 3 • • • CM CM iH • • • CM • • • 4

' CM H rH H 3 iH CM iH CM -Cf . . . CM rH •<J- . CM iH iH

oz

rHfn<r Or-Hcgcn>nvo Oi-Hcn>j-tn

x:

CO •Ha

•H

PPP

O

O

»—

i

Pp PH

x:

CO •Ha

•H

PPtoc

•H

0) CD

0

3

P

PI

013

Ou

IS

34
Table

4-1

(continued)

No.

of

Sources

,i

No

.

ini

Sample

I

n.a. n.a. n.a.

4-4o

co

c •H

0) 4J

cd • • • u pH cd cd td •H <u

• • • 4-4 c a C

4-1 V4

0) o

0 o

o

4J&.

0;o

X T)

0) T3

n) c

O o

•H <fl CM

4J 1 U C ^1—S /«*N y—

\

3 -H X CM CM CM CM

CO }-l 4-t c a c c

4J /-s •H *H *H *H c CM CD Vl CM v—/ o 4J C O U CM IW O C 4-1 c cd cd cd cd 4J 4J W CJ 1-t •H 01 (U cu 0) O -C B

>- Vi Vi Vi Vi

C5 CO j: cd <!<!<!<!

0 0) -u cd cu cd Pm Q> M "rf Vi <u X X X X < & CD < Vi •H m to uo CO X ^0 X CO t-H O iH

(U CO CO O O O O

CM -o "H CM o O O O O

• 3 J3 • • • • • • iH 4J o

C M-l •H *H

iH

CC •H CO uA fH f-H rH rH

(u

4- CM <r s

iH

a. rH iH CM CO > Cd E-

•

« CO

CO •H

cd C

•H CO o pti go CO rH na Vi c O

Cd •H O

J IS !S__a.

35

I
Table

4-2.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Walls

Form W

for

Calculation

of

Interior

Finish

Fire

Load

Only 1ti\>

V,

36
Table

4-3.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Tables

-

Form

01

37
Table

4-A.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Case

Goods

Form

02

O o

Q) O m O o o o o o o o O O o 00 CO in O ir> o o o o o O un c ^ CO C4 <N in CO rH rH rH CO rH CO rH rH

«d rH / 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 os m m in o o o o o o o o o o cs rH tH in rH rH rH rH rH rH rH o o CM 'dCO ^ 0) B 0) /-s /-N. \ /TS /•-s /—s /-s O CJ *H iH cn (O sr CO CO CM • <• rs. • vO /-s

Vi a Csl <N rH CM 00 rH CO rH CO cn CO CM VO •3*0 S-X v.^ s-/ S-i/ • >!« s-/ s.^ 0 0 0(0 CO o 00 rH rH B cn 00 00 s CM S CO s cn rH rH

u-lo •

• •

• <u iH in VO 00 00 CO VO m un CO 00 On

4-1 u o> ON ON 00 00 00 • 00 ON o> • CTi CTv

4-4 U • • • • • • B « • • c

<u o

O (^ u

o m 00 rH

• 00 • m • CX)

• 00 • CO • • • vD 00 • CO rH ov m • rH rH rH in m VO m + •

1 1 1 t + 1 iH 1 /«-N 1 1 /—

\

+ U) /-s /-N /TS /-SCO 1 /-s /-N CO cn CO /-N B /«-S B CO B /—s «o B iH 00 B B B CO •H B •H B •H /—

S

CO c

o B •H >H •H B •H •H •H

•H •' •H s_/ •H s-/ T3 •H s-/ ^ u S-^ X rH •H B Sm/

cj Xi rH rH rH U X 4J rH o Sm/ CO B 00 fH o o O rH bO U 00 o > Vi o

3 -rl o > > > o B 00 B > rH OO o > > > 0) B (U X o > s X X X X (U 1-3 X > u X

X X hJ vO a, X

VO CM CM X X OV vO X (1) hs

CO ON o rH X cn CJ m sD CO CO sr CO o CO X cn «3- o o o o o ov o OV o o o 0) O 73 O o• o« o• o• o• CO

• cn• m• o o o O B O • • • rH • cd rH Vi <! O

. • lO saAxaqs CO Cfl CO <0 CO CO CO cd rH CM

cd cd IBfjaxBW B B B B s B B B

CO B S

iuoaj m

puB sapxs iH

rH

rH rH

rH

rH

rH rH

rH rH CM

rH

rH

rH rH IBpra^BW CO CO CO CO cO A CO

cd Cd CO

doi iH rH rH rH rH (Q rH

tH rH rH rH rH • IB^aa^Bw cO (0 CO cd (0 B cd cd cO

SSBXO tH rH rH rH rH CM

r-iCO rH

CO rH

CO rH

CO rH

cO rHCO rH

CO rH CO

CO u

(U Vi

• B lU

CO o •H • TO

CO u X CJ •H

CO 0) CO 4J > 0>

i-H o (U •H CO

C_) u • Q CO Q) X CO u u CJ o 4.4 o B U CO B xi c 4.1 u U •H <u <u O o CO 3 3 CO X X o o •H

CQ 33 m O CJ OS CQ Pn

38
Table

4-4.

(continued)

o

m m m o o o o m

CU r>^ CM fO m cn

bO CO CO r-i iH C 43 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 cd iH o o o o

C*5 0 0 0 o »H ON iH rH

0) /«-N

C4-I 0) c O . . o^ • /-N ^ • cv] O O H iH cd cd ^ cd cn vO cO rH

i-i Cu • • >«- >* • V.^

• 3 • S C C fO c rH CM C CM o o o rt 25 Crt s w

V-X

o • irH • • • •

. (U cO CO cO '0- rH CO in

M-l • * VO MT • C»

Mh u n n C • • c • (U o

o u

u

m n. CO

lO • • • CM

• 'O’ '0- Mf • ON+

' -f ' + CO 43 ro y'*vC0 C iH /-s ro cro cm

o on /—V C ro •H C *H C

•H •* (3 ro .H (3 tH -H

4J •H C •H O 43 >- rH rH C 00 rH O rH O rH 3 -H iH O iH > O > O

Ck (U O iH > o > >

S > O > X X > X X X

X X C» CM X 00 vo m ^ vo <r cn O CM O iH

CM CN O ON O O O O o o o o O O O O

saAiaqs 1 2 3 m

• « • • Cd Cd Cd Cd XBxaa^Bw n. n. n. n.

iUOXJ . m

puB sapfs CO rH rH CM IBpaa^Bw C

cn

dox cd iH rH rH rH XBTjta^Bpq c

rH rH rH rH

Cd Cd Cd Cd

SSHX3 iH CO rH iH

rH •* iH rH 3H3Ta^i CO CM cO cO

CO

COcd 60 (U rH C 43 u •H O

>

1—

i

T3

(U JJ 4=

CO 3

39
Table

4-5.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Kitchen

Cabinets

and

Built-Ins

Form

03

Q) o o o o o o o o o o o

00 03 m in in in m m in m eg CM CM C .o csj CNJ eg eg eg eg iH rH iH

cO ^

cxi ^

1 o1 o

1 o1 o1 o1 o1 o1 o1 o

1 o1 o

rH iH rH iH iH rH rH

^ m c <s) o a; T-i iH • vO • rH CM r«* • CO • U pL. ON CO eg cO \o CO CM CO <7N eg cO iH CO CM CO O 3 O CO S o S c/: c 00 d \o C CO C CO CO c m 3 CO B

CO

M-lo • r^ • • • • • • •

• CD CO o CO in CO 00 CO cO cO CO m CO CM CO

4-1 U <T> • ON CJO • ON • • • • 00 • CJN • CM M

0) O

O CJ U

c c c c c c c c B

vO o VO O • • CO • « •

• o o • • • o o VO

•O’ • iH • eg rH m CO CM • cn si- eg eg o

+

+

+ ++

+

1 +

+ + + in

/-s y-s y-*\ + CO /^ro /'•s CO y^CO y^ y-*\ y<-^ CO ro CO

CO Coo Cco dm dm CM CM CM 3 3 3 y^ C Xi •H c •H a •H a •H 3 c c c •H •H •H CO O iH •H Sw' •H •H *rl 1-t •H •H S-y' c

•H Vw/ s-x s-x s-x •H

4J iH iH iH tH iH iH iH S-y' O 4J o iH o iH o iH o iH CO CO CO o o o

C J= > o > o > o > o (U (U 0) > > > iH 3 00 > > > > M M M o

Fm -H X

X X

X XX X < < <i X X X > (U X

:s m «a- <1- X X X <r VO \o X N—/ CO ON 00 iH CO e*. CO 00 in iH

cn C>4 iH CO iH o eg iH o m o o iH iH o o o o o o o o eg o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

saAiaqs iH iH iH iH rH iH iH iH

• CO

•CO CO cO CO CO CO

• • •

(fl cO CO cO CO cO cO CO c a c 3 c B B iuoaj

pue sapfs in m CO CO CO m

-[B-paa^Bw

eg CO m eg CO 0t • • eg CO 0s <r sr a c c

dox <0 CO in

0^ CO XB-paa^BK a c

iH eg vf

•« 3

CO

SSBX3 fH

iH

iHtH

iH

iH

rH

iH Xq3X3rt

CO cC cO CO

/-N

CO oo a c o •H u M fH

(U •H

00 •M (U

CO c a O

(0 *H 3

CO O O

tH 3 o HC u o iH CO M u o M a 0) 0) X CU o o

o. » (U S H o

O. o 'w' o

!=) Ml hJ

40

Counter

area

is

computed

from

lower

cabinet

(length

x

width)
Table

4-6.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Beds

-

Form

04

« c Q>

lU *H o o. n • S sort

o

Cfl ^

cn tn

00

CNcn

• rt

M-l M

•4-1 M

(U O

O O

O

*3- 00 ^ iri

o vO

• « o vD

CM iH

. • P Q

CO

•o

cu rH

iH

C'. O CO •H

. • • * |44 0) 00 00 Mf CM Q Mj- 00 vO CM -o o o in o

rt CM r4 r4 rH rt >4- rH CM O'. O m rH 00

•44 (0 CO CO CO P rH rH rH

CO CO CO CO

10 <U CM 0) CT> Cl) rH OJ CM rH

rt ja >4 « |4 • 44 • »4 • rt o iH 00 44 rH 44 CM 44 CM 44 O 44 •H rt 44 o 44 in 44 CO 44 O O

4-1 •k •H rt CM rt t-i rt rH rt rH H

O 44 V4 e 6 e Q CO

rt .C a W CO CO CO •

rt 00 (0 00 CO 00 CD 00 CO 00 CO 0) VO

^4 •H rt cu rt <u rt CD rt 0) vO

0) X •H M •H |4 •H 44 iH 44 0) rH Z o 44 M 44 44 44 44 44 rH

kw' JQ a 44 a 44 a 44 a 44 a -rt o 00 m OO

(0 rt CO rt CO rt CO rt 6 cu rH rt e 6 a a 0 p •H CO

)4 >4 44 44 u 44 • (0 (U Q 0) & 0) a 0) a

'w' a C3V 01 rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt CO CO

(0 rt o rt o rt o rt o rH

CO t-4 a M pn M a M Pn 44 u 0) a

M »—N /—

k

cu rt rt 44 rt p rt P rt rO rt p in O CM •n rt o

44 .3

V—

V—

/

44 CTl m '3' M a

S a

00

iri

0)NH

OT

(0(0

rt

t-H u

00c

•H

rt CU

cu rH rt 43

cu . _ tH

rt CO 3 s 44 ex' O H (S P

fH CM fO 'a-

*

T3

>4

rt T3

rt

rt 4JM

'O

0) .O

OJ 4J

*

0)00

rto

44w

«

rH

i-Ho

(Hi

4-1 OU

(U§

(0

(0 <

41

in

this

survey

that

all

beds

have

a

foam

mattress
Table

4-6

(continued)

No

.

of

Sources

<

No

in

Sample

n.a.

o • rH •

• <u CO

U-l • 4-1 V-i c

(U O

o u

CJ

/*-N CO c ^

O iH

•HU 4J r^oO'^fONincNj r^csi cnc^i-nr^ foaNO>oou^^fO

c x: u~i m <r CM CM CM <f m cn cm cm iH <j-cMCMcMcMtHcncM

S 60

iH

0) 3

•a rH

i-i (d

CO •H m cn m m

o •k <r» •» CO CO A CO CO A CO

JO CU <• CM iH » ^ in r-t « ^ m •» iH #* vf m >a- TJ

CO

CU DO

4J

CO s

iH

CM •* CM

iH

CM

iH

CM CM

iH CM

CO TO CO

Vj cO

CO rH 0 u rH rH rH rH rH U rH rH rH rH

CO X CO CO CO cO CO CO CO

OJ 60 s •H

(U S

CO CU HJ- <3’ o rH r CO A m Xi >% 0k cn CM CM CM

T3 4J CM

CO CD

0) W

CO <n

CO CO CO 0k 0k -a CO 0k 0k CM CM

CU CO CM CM

PQ rH 0k 0k CJ rH rH

T) (U

(U N I—

1

CM CO '•d' (Q •H

CD

-d

i-i e cO

(U 0

4J X H •o

CO

(U a

)

I

i

i

r

t

t

!

)

42
Table

4-6

(continued)

w c 0) CDU

3 O CO o a crt w

• (U

4-1 1.4 4-10) O

o o

u

CO C ,Q O rH

CD 4J c

3 00

tH

cu s

O St O

CM iH iH r-l

•3

COO

•a

CO0) 00 cn o

cn iTi -a- m evj iH iH

T) i-l V4 CO

CO iH 0 u

XI 0) *0 4J

CO rt

01 X

PC

on r-t

•> St m rH

CM Cfl

W

T3 CO

)s CO

CO iH o u

,Q

T3 u

CO0) bO

PC •H

CD s

T3U

CO 0) O rH -Q >>

T3 J-l CO CO

(U PC

St

0% CO

CM

CO T3 CO

CD CO « iHO

CO CO CO fO

^ «t «% CM CN CNJ CNJ

-o 0) 0) N

PQ *H

00

CM

' CO to

CO

4-) CO

(U &

CO 0k o

o m 3 fH u CO fH

4J 0) iH •H o 0) PQ Ph o JC

C/i

43

I
Table

4-7.

Load

Transfer

Functions

for

Upholstered

Furniture

-

Form

05

o o O o o o o o o o O

o m in in in o o in o o O O o

bO CO rH rH rH rH rH CO Mf rH vD CO CO VO sr m o o o o o o o o o o in m

PC J iH CN CO CM CM cn o CM m '4' -a- rH rH

CO a 0) O <U -H iH vO v£> ON CM VO • • o rH cn .CM CO CM <r 00 00 cd Cd CO

• M • 0

M-r' • • CM Nf O 3 O cO in ^ <* 00 VO CM rH CM CM 3 3 M—

Z O Z c« m rH

cn

M-» • O rH

cu • •

• n m <j* o CO CO in sr o 3 Cd o o

4-t l-i <3^ CO VO C» ON m ov • • in ov

VM CU 3 3 • • cu o o u

u

CH C3V rH vO • VO VO VO

rH • • • • • cn o • • • VO 00

• o CO m CO rH rH • 00 rH rH • • «cr iH rH rH rH CO iH CM CO CO rH

1 + + + + + + 1 1 + + + 1 CO 43 /—

N

/-N /-s C rH CO CO CO CO 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CO CO O (3 3 3 3 •H •H -H •H •H •H •H 3 3 H •H *H •H •H >w^ s—

/

Vw' 'w' •H •H U s»/ Vw/ O 43 43 43 43 43 43 C 00 rH rH rH rH u 44 44 u 4J 4H 44 rH rH 3 -H o o o o 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 o o

Oli (U > > > > 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 > >

z 0) 0) 3 3 3 3 3

'w' X X X X ij 1-3 _] hJ J h3 i-J X X

VO H o CO X X X X X X X ov CM

rH >0" m rv in

rH rH rH rH rH 00 CN CM m 00 00 rH o o o o CO Ov -4J- o cn ON ov o o o o o o o o • • • rH rH CN Nf rH rH •

iBPS rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH XBfjaaBW rH rH

CO CO rH

CO rHCO rH

CO rH rHCO cO rH

cd rH

Cd rH

Cd rH

Cd rH

Cd rH

Cd

CO CO CO

rH t-H rH rH •> m in in rH rH rH rH

rH rH rH rH Cv| •> CM CM r VO rH rH rH XBXratjBW cO flj cO CO Ml* rH

•> rH iH

Cd Cd 3 Cd Cd

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH XBjaa^Bw rt cfl CO cO cO 3 3 3 Cd Cd 3 3 Cd

fill] rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH XBXJ33BW 0) (0 3 cO CO 3 3 CO Cd 3 3 3 3

ssbxd CH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 3M3T3M

#. CO

rH

rH

CO rH

cO rH CM CO rH

Cd iHCd rHCd rHCd rH

Cd rHCd

rH3

> 'T3 o

•H T3 3

& 3 PQ 3

CO U CO 43 00

CO 0) 1 T3 3 3 cd

CO 3 cd 3 rH Cd P3 rH M •rl 3 1 P3 n3 s

CJ •H fH 4<i CO 3 Pi o pi

CO o o MH 3 4J cd 43 (U O o •rl Cd 3 3 U p(5 cx CO z Q H o (3

44
Table

4-8.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Chairs

(other

than

upholstered) -

Form

06

No.

of

Sources (

No.

in

Sample) 3(25) 3(27) 3(11) cd•

4(126) 4(87)

/-N m

CO

4(15) 2(8)

2(16) 3(3)

M-1 cr\ sr o • sr CTl o • o o • 'd- 00 CM • • • o • • CO • • • . 0) cn m cd rH <y> >cr CM rH

4-1

U • 4-1 U • • • 3 • • • • • • • OJ O o o Q o o D o P P p o o o CO w on c/3 CO CO C/3 CO CO CO

/-s

CO c ^ o cn CO IT)

O o o o tH so -d CO

•H • • • • • • • • • • • U U St m o so m CM <r rH O JS iH rH CM CM CM rH cn iH CM rH C 00 3 *H

(X. 0) 3

rH

A

CO CO A m - m rH rH rH iH rH iH rH

UV CM CM

A iH rH fH rH rH tH iH

d) cO cd

A >d‘ " sf cd cd cd Cd cd cd Cd iJ P4 rH rH

cd

m

•rl CO iH rH rH

A iH fH rH iH ^ 00 rH fH rH 1 2 SO rH rH iH iH

<U 0> cd cd cd cd

r cd cd cd cd

t-J CO

iH

Cd •H

U

cd rH rH rH iH rH rH iH rH

CU lU iH iH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

CO 1

cd cd cd Cd cd Cd cd cd cd

•U CO ^ CO 00 cd iH CM iH rH iH CM rH

rH

A CO iH rH iH

A CO rH

<u CJ Cd rH cd cd Cd rH Cd &

rH

(U>

•H&

CO CO

CO c 00

cd (U OG (U c C o (U rH •H u O •H •H 44 o c 4H u o rH

•r< 4^ o 4J o

04

Q o 04 CO pL4 .1^

45
Table

4-9.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Drawer,

Shelf

Cabinet

or

Closet

Contents

-

Form

07

No

.

of

Sources

(No.

in

Sample)

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a

.

M-lo • »

• Q) CO cO cO CO cO cO CO

M-l U

M-l U c (3 c 3 3 3 3

(U o

o o V

N /-s /-s /-s \ /-S /-\ s /-s /-s /-s CO 00 no CO CO CO CO CO CO CO no ro CO CO CO CO CO 3 3

c c 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 •H *H •O •H -H •H *H 1-t •H •H *H •H •H •H "H •H -H •H *H G r-H w w Nw'' s—/ S-/ N-/ o rH rH

•H rH iH iH iH iH rH iH rM rH rH rH rH rH rH o o

4J 4J O O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o > >

o rd > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >

C 60 X X

3 *H X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Pm 0) O ov

13 in o in o lO iH VO CM CM a\ 00 cn ov <?V rH rH rH O iH iH CM O iH CM O rH C^4 CM O iH rH CM cn ^ o o

O O o o O O o o O O o o O O O O o o o o

c

O

4J iH iH iH CM <f CM CM CM o •* CN cn <3- CM CO 'd- CM cn •* ^

CO o o o iH cn rH •* rH • rH ** 6* fV » CO • cn cn e o o o o

o

CJ

cdu T—

1

iH rH rH rH rH

<u iH iH rH rH rH rH

4Js

CO cd CO 3 CO 3 3

u

JS CO OO CO CM rH rH

CM cn #k cn rH rH

0» iH rH CO CO 3 CJ

OU • 0) 3

CO 00

CO CO

CO o J3 x: S

CO o a a. 3

cO « CO 3 '3 3

3 3 4J CO (J CO 00 bO O 4-1 3

o O CJ 3 Q.

(U 4-) 3 3 3 3

p> o O 3 CO 4-) cO .3 CO Ph (ii pH u

46
Table

4-9.

(continued)

No.

of

Sources

(No.

in

Sample)

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

<03

o •

• • •

. 0) CO (0 3 3 3 3 3 3

M-4 U • • • • • • •

>4-4 1-4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

0) o

o o

CJ

/-S /*S /-s CO <r> CO CO CO CO CO ^ CO CO

CO c c 3 3 3 3 fO CO flco CO CO CO CO 3 3

•H *H •H -H •H *H 3 3 •H 3 3 3 3 3 •H *H

s»/ w •H -H ^ iH .tH v4 •H •tH N—

/

o W w

•H ^ r-J r-4 iH tH rH rH tH U U O 0 o o o o rH rH O rH iH rH rH rH o o

U Xi > > > > p> > o o > O o o o o > >

G 00 > > ^ > > > > >

3 -H X X X X X X X ^

X X

FI4 0) X X X X X X X o o o o 00 in m o o I-I cs r-4 CM O') IT| ir> O O rH rH in CM in O rH o o O O o o O rH O O o o o o o o

C

•H cs CSJ CM CM CM CM CM CM

4-> •* ^ « 'a- r •* r sr « sf a rH •* rH •* rH r rH rH *» rH

cO m •> «n •> fO CO •» CO CO •. CO ^ CO

o. o o o o o o o o

6oo

cd cn

•Hu cn m t-H in CM

Q) iH A \o rH • VO •t u CN cO 'd- rH

£ 0)

(>0 CO iH rH rH rH

rH rH rH rH

0) r-l CO CO 3 CO :s o

CO

CO 4J • o CJ (0 CO 3 Q. 4J

CO V4 3 U 3

CO H W 3 3 "

CO V4 Jo

CO ^ B 3 3 U

cu m 3 ^ 3 3

J3 CO 4H ,X 3 rH

CO 3 3 O P. 4J •H rH O 3

o o O O

I 47
Table

4-9.

(continued)

No.

of

Sources

(No.

in

Sample)

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Cdd

3

3

n.a.

44o • rH

• <D 44 U

44 U

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a, n.a

QJ O

o u

o

/-s /-s /**^ /-s CO CO CO CO CO CO CO cn CO CO CO CO /«-s /—\CO

CO d d c c 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0CO 3 3

•H *H .H .H .H tH •H 3 •rl »H c 5 s—/ S-/ N-/ >-

>w/ o

rH fH rH iH iH rH rH iH iH rH

4_} 4J O 0 O O o o o o o o o o o 0 rH O O

b > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >

C C>0 3 -H X X X X X X X X X X XXX X X X

0)

<1- 00 in o m o lO c>J cn 00 CM cn m o

N_>/ iH CM CM m rH cn O >H o o o o o iH CO iH CO o o o o o o O O o o o o o o o O O

3o

•H CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

•V •» <f •* St 0i •» ^ •*

CJ fH ^ iH iH iH cn rH •* rH

cd ** fO «k cn « cn #» fO « cn •t CO CO

Pu o o o o o O o O

8oo

iH

rt •Hu m fH iH rH rH rH

0) •k vO iH iH rH rH rH u to Cd 3 3 Cd 3

4J .C (0 00 CO iH iH iH iH CM

fH iH rH rH CO

0) rM to (d 3 3 rH 3 CJ

CO

(0 4J 3

1 CO 3 3 rH

'd O ^ 3

o o 3 3 & o o cd 3 O CO .H iH W iH

CO fH .3 o

CO CO • 3. U

cd CO .X 3. •« (0 CO

Cd 44 o c bO tH

CJ l-j iw cd 3 3 3. — 3 p.1 rH .H 3

CO u iH .3 CO 3 CO >1 Cd 4J 3 3

Cd M s O 3

CJ O CO CJ O

48
Table

4-9.

(continued)

i

i

14.1 (0 a 00 • • * 0 0) <rt 3 3

U cx • * 9

• M •/ a a 3 3

0 3 0 (0 ,9CO

0 • fH • 9 *

• <u 3 3 3

9 * * U-> M

0) 0

0 0

0

3 3 3

Z*^ Z-S 4Z-S Z-N Z-N Z^ /-N /—

s

ro CO fo CO fO CO fO CO CO n 333 3 3 3 3 3 3

.0 .H -H .H •H *H *H .H C iH 'w' W V-/ N.X \mZ N../ N»iZ 0

•H •* rH rH tH iH fH iH iH rH rH U 4J 000 0 0 0000

0 ,c > > > > > > > > >

C bO 3 -H

(14 (U X X X X X X 3 0 0 iH 0 rH in m CM 0

T-l CM ^ iH iH CM CO 000 9*9 0* 0* 0000 9 9*9

3 CM 0

nH eg 9> 4-i fH *>d* rH u iH CO SJ- A r CM CO <t 3 « CO 0

i*0

0 0

0

fH3

.r4

>.1 rH iH rH

0) fH rH rH

4J 3 Cd 3

to a

4J X CO CO CO iH iH fH

•H CO iH rH rH

eU rH S 0

3 3 3

U CO 3 a 3

CO •H CO — 3 3 -ri CO 3 3 3 <U 3 1.4 cd (X| 0) fH rH 3 3 4J

iH > 3 0 3 3 3 0 CO 0 3 Vj TJ •H rH U 0 •H 4J 0 3 -H 3 3 a 3 M •H 0 H PH 3 PL, PU TJ H

3 .3 3

PLi CJ a

49
Table

4-10.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Appliances -

Form

08

Range (lbs) 0-500 0-500 0-500 0-500 0-100

OO

CN1 O

OO

NT1 O0-300 0-300 33

vw

M

C ^ /Ts sr a\ m VD vD VD • rH • O (X rH en cn rH 3 CO • >.1 * s

V—X S-X 'w/ s-y s-yy • • o 3 o ca m m 00 CO 3 uo 3 z o z cn

CO

w o • • <D o CNJ rH CO ITI cO 3

M-l

M 00 CO 00 00 C3^ Ov 00 • Ov •

M-l

M • • • • • • • 3 • CO 0) o o u u

v£> CO UO • • 00 • m sf o • CM • • cn

vD -;rm vO rH CM + CH rH + 1 1 CM +

0) /-s 1 /-N -N +

Xi CO /-s 4J 3 3 /-s y-s

C I-) c CM CM MH •H •H CO y->

p o •H 3 3

N—y 3 CO

H

•H •H 3 •H 3

4J s—y' Si^ CJ 3 3

N—y •H z a tH N-/ 3 3 s—y

N—y

C 00 o cO CO • 3 3 S rH 3 *H > 0) 3 3- 3 3 o rH p.

(U Vi 3 CO

U

O cn > o CO 3 ><: < < CJ CO w > CJ •3 X

cn

XXX 3 X 3 X 3 X

X

vf rH rH 3 in

in ON 00 .3 cn .3 cn VO CO

O o o 3 'd- 3 cy. 3 O o CM O CM • 3 • u • o o o • in • o> U CM JH 'd* rH • • 00 m o o o

Pm Pm CJ

5uoa^ CO rH rH rH rH rH 1—1

rH rH

rH rH

CO 3 3 CO 3 3 3 3 CO 3

sapTS •cO rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH rH rH

CO 3 cO CO CO 3 3 3 3 3

doi 1—1

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH rH rH rH

cO 3 3 3 CO 3 3 3 CO CO

SSBXO rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 3q3T3W

rH

CO rHCO rHCO rH

cO rH

CO rHCO rH

cO rHCO rH

CO rHCO

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH rH rH rH rH

CO CO CO CO 3 3 3 CO CO CO

COcuPO CO 3 3 3 3

(0 CO 3 3

cu pa > 3 3 O 3 3

00

OO rH •H 3 3

0)

a a. rH 4H 3 o •H "H

CO CO o rH 3 3 O CO •H <4-t M-l CO pa 4J i? 3 3 Z rH 3 •H -H

rH Vi 3 3 tsi o O 3 •O T3 u (0 3 OO 3 PP o CJ o O •H •iH (U 4J CO •H 3 3 CJ § s > 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 o 3 3 >3 Pn 3 3 a iJ O > 3 > > > u 3

CO CJ

O paH CO •<

p

50
Table

4-10.

(continued)

Range (lbs) n.a. 0-300 0-300 0-300 0-300

0-1000

L

—

No.

of

Sources (

No

.

in

Sample)

3(12) 4(13) 5(26) 6(29) 5(8)

n.a.

1

Coeff.

of

Correl

.

S.D.

6.2

.93 .89 .98 .91 n.a.

Function

(Weight,

Lbs)

vO

• CM .3- .it

. . lO • C

cn o .it CO .H St 1 00 + + ^ ^ —

/—

>

' CO CO S-/ CO /-\ C C

C C5 C CO .H .H w w

^ W —.H C

.H Is 60 ^ >5 . tH iH .H rH “T O O O iH C

> > SC >

^ ^ ^ ^

00 CO CO vO hJ vO CO vO vO CM O O . O CO (—

1

rH O O uo o O O

CO • *1-1 • •

all all all all all all

sapTS

all all all all all all

doi

all all all all all all

SSBXO

all all all all all all

all all all all all all

Class

Sewing

Machine

Washer Dryer

Dishwasher Compactor

*

Fish

Tank

51

Includes

the

weight

of

the

water.
Table

4-11.

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Plumbing

and

Heating

-

Form

09

o <3 o o o o o o

o o o o • • m m • • • • o o

00 CO rH rH in in cd 3 rH rH cd cd cd Cd CM CM a xi 1 o

1 o1 1 o o 3 3

1 1 o o 3 3 3 31 o1 o

cti o o

rH rH

CS CH in u-i

CM CO C <U /TS O 0) -H iH in o • <Ti • • • • /-s • /-N u a. rH rH rH CO rH Cd Sj- 3 3 Cd CM cd <r

• M • 6 Nm/ s-.' • s-/ • S-*' • • N-i/ s-x • N-X O 3 o cd Z O Z CO CO cn CM 3 'd- 3 CM 3 3 3 cn cn 3 rH

c/3 w

CM

U-i 00 • as o • • cn • I—

1

• rH • • • • cn as • . <U rH rH 00 3 rH Cd CJ\ 3 cd Cd Cd Os

<4-i U CO CJ\ 0\ • • Ov • • • • • • as

<4-1 U • • • C • 3 • 3 3 3 Q Q 3 • (U o o • • o o C/3 CO

CJ C/3

m

m• 00

cn VO

00 m 00 O • + • cn • • • VD

CO 1 00 • VO OV O .o CO /-*s .H CTv C C CM /-*N + + +

o 3 COCM + + + •H <u •H O 3 /-s 4J 4J s-/ •H CO CO /-s 3

o .c CO Ik N—

/

CO CO 3 3 3 •H C 00 cd 3 3 •H *H •H s—/ 3 -H 00 cu CO 3 •H -H h 0) CU S-X JZ z ca < ki rH rH .3 u < rH rH o o 4J 'O X o o > > •a •H X > > •H z CO o> CO X X z rH rH rH rH X X X

o o o rH MT iH O O o X

CJ • u • 0^ VO o O rH CH • • • ON •d- o o • • o o O o o • m o Un o o m cn o o m in in CM • • M M ' o> vO * * <N CH CM m rH rH

XB-pjaaBK iH

CO mT cn

A

'd- cn 'd* rH

rH

rH rH cn

<0 iH CM rH CH H CM Cd Cd Cd rH CM

ssBXD rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH

cO rH

Cd rH

Cd rHCd rHCd rH

Cd rHCd rH

Cd

*

ki K 3

CO U •H rH

.3 3 MH 3 rH

CO 3 4J •H 3. Cd

CO CO H Cd ki B U CO rO 3 3 0 CO

iH 3 CO 3 K pL, Pm u H U ki O kl

CO <3) Cd ki kl kl 3

rH 3 3 3 3 3

c 4-) •H 3 ki 4J 4J 4J O

•H Cd o Cd 3 Cd Cd Cd Xi

C/3 P3 H hj z z z CO

52

Includes

the

weight

of

the

water.
Table

4-12.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Rooms

-

Form

Fire

Load

(lbs)

Other wt

Plastic

.4

X

wt

.4X

wt

wt wt

Fabric Wt wt

1

Wood wt wt wt wt wt wt wt

Paper wt wt wt

in in

•.CO <H HCN^ iHn roiHrr •.fn-^rin rH iH -rH >. CSI (0 o o

Class

Floor

Finish

Trim

Ceiling

Finish

Wall

Construction

Wall

Finish

Windows

Doors

53
Table

4-13.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

VJalls

-

Form

W

uo

x:p

o

<0o

to

d) fH •H

pL,

U

•HP

Ui

(d

I—

1

a,

oH

P

XI

cd

•p

IS p 4J 4J

P»

X

C>J

+J

X

CM

P -P 4J +J P

o

os

+J +> p +J -p

-p

X

CM

-P

X

CM

P

0)04

(d 04

p 4J

CO

CM VO '3' IT) ^ ^ CM'ifinvo invo invo invo invo

inin

(d rHu

73P

(do

(0 in m

0) CQ c

p P “H (0 <u 3 o <d (U o

•P p -p 04 O p p (d •P •P •H 3 p o

Ot s U Q 2

in in

04e

(d 3\ o <u in (0 3 > P

O’ rH x: o

(d 0) CJi O

1—

1

Xi •H rH

04 w •3 u

inO'3

54
Table

4-14.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Tables

Fire

Load

(lbs)

Plastic

•P 4J P-P PP PP PP

NX XX XX XX XX

CO CN 00 CN OOCSI 00 (N OJ

Fabric

Wood PP PP PP PP p p

XX. XX XX XX X X

in m 00 (N 00 CN 00 CN 00 CN <N

Material Legs iHtN iHfM iHCM rH<N rHCM

Material Top iH(N iH(N i-irvj rHCN rHfM

Weight

Class

all all all all all

Class

Dining/kitchen

Serving

Cart

Cocktail

End

Commode/

Night

Stand

55
Table

4-14.

(continued)

>0

(do^ 0) XI

0) iH •H

fa

4J X> -P 4J 5 5 5 5

XX XX

r- CN c» (N

iH

td •H to P

0) O

•P

(d S

rH

td H

P fa

0) 0

+J £h

td S

P

x: cn &> CO •H fd

(U iH s o

to

(0

<d iHu

iH CM iH CM

-CM

O

o

fa

p

5

X

00

-P5

X

CM

H CM

H CM

I—

I

iH

td

c

•H

t3

I—

I

O

fa

56
Table

4-15.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Case

Goods

57
Table

4-15.

(continued)

+j p +> p

0 +j 5 ^ & p 4J +> 4J •H >

4J x: X X X X

(0 x: X X X X X

(0 Lf> in in in o

fH iH r~ .H o 00 iH fH in '3' iH in

cu •

(0 o

0 ^ •H

PI w p

d) rH <TJ pL, •H

4J P

+) p +J +J +j

-o x: x: X X X

0 X X X X X X

p in in in in o

rH iH O 00 fH rH in rH in

saAieiis

Xex

:;uoaj

pue sepxs H <N fH nj rH CM rH nj

X^Tje^ew

do.T.

iH nj iH (N iH nj iH CN Xexaa:^ew

rH rH rH iH ssexD fH

rd iH

td rH

(d iH

fd rmbxeM

U)

(0

fO

I—

I

u

op

<u M

(0

0) A

CJ

p

(U •H>

•HQ

eo

0)(0

<doo

o

PQ

o

c

•H

58
Table

4-15.

(continued)

0 P -P 4J •H > > ?

. 4J

(0

(0 P XXX

iH iH 00 rH

• » «

'C

nJ O

o ^ •H J to U

A X)

<U H

•H

P P P

> > ^

^3 P

0 X X X

rH 00 rH

saAxaqs

XBxaa^Bw CN (N

puB sapxs

XBxaaXBW

rH CM

dox

XBxaa^BW

CM

SSBXD

:m3X3rt

(A

CO

fO CT’ (U »H c p

CJ H 0

> p H 'U

(U p

Xi rt W IS

59
wc

•iHI -PI—I

*H

PQ

TiC

fCw

+J

OJc

•H

Si

rd Uc

<uu

-p •H

Ti

n30 — j m

XI

d) rH P ^

•H

UH

+J

V)fd I—I

cuu

•HPX

Id

lij

'do

B.

fdw

•p (1) p > 0) r^

4J Q)

(d SH S w

po

ip rH n (d C o •H 4-) 0 P W C

-H e (U 0) 0 p -P P U o (d "H pij C S W d I

-p&X

VO

+JX 4JX

VO

4JX P 4JX

VO

4J5X'3'

-PX

VD

-PX

'I*

-pX

VD 4JX

'a*

-p

-pX

VD

+JX

'S'

iH (N CN

PM CN CN

p rH o Id m •H

CO

p

a c 0) 0 rH CM

Id -P Eh p Id

'O s

Id0 4-1 to PI X to rH rH rH rH

cn (d rH rH rH rH

0) •H f-H Id Id fd Id p <u u

•H s

Pm

Cr> VD C

rH •H 1 •p X rH o 0) •r| c c * OJ

QJ CO •H •H Cu

u to X X 0 X Id Id fd X 0

Id rH

U

u P X

H

u (U P p X

p

OJ 0) c o

cu

d 0 a o o rH D X u Pm

60

Use

material

top

from

lower

cabinet
Table

4-17.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

BedsForm

04

to

CO

(U

-P

(deo

fCJ (1) >

<0 Xi

CO 'O

<u XI

+J

(C3

+j

>1

CD>p3

CO

CO H

x:pc

'H

CDe3

CO

CO C*

61
Table

4-17

(continued) ( I

Plastic wt wt

(tj 0 — o m •H U 4J 4-> 4J -P

QJ rH XI ^ ^ ^ u ^ (0 •H tu

Pm

'O0 +J +J 0s

in in Xexja:^EW < pjBoqpeaH CN n (N

n

tH rH

ssexo i-H rH

rH

fO rHfd ' pcreoqpeaH

'a' 'a'

9TA:)S

nn

pjeoqpB0H C\J (N

Ui ro fo ro CO

(0 rH rH ^ ^ ^ ^

TJ to rH rH rg <N CN (N

<U rH to to ^ ^ ^ ^

CQ

u iH r-lH iH

n <D »H rH (N

(U

N fH rH •• ro 'i* in

m -rH to to rH w

CO 4J0

Aid

(0

g

b

b rH

<u >-i S-t CQ

4-> (0 to

W

H o 0 " ^

XI XI -P 0

73 +j (U rH

(0 0 (U

M

CU 0 Xi -H a Em w a^

62
Table

4-18.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Upholstered

Furniture

ino

o

4J +J +J 4J P -P 4J +J -P +j 4J 4J 0

+J X X X X X X X X X X X X

V)

<0 o o o o in o o in o in in m

iH iH H <N iH O CM rH O CM o C CM

• w

+> +> +J o > 0 w •Hu X X X X

rH Xi

fd O in in in

fa r—

1

rH rH rH •H

&4

• • • •

+1 +J 4J +> +j -p 4J +j +> •P •p -P 5 5 5 5 5 5

'U0 X X X X X X X X X X X X

o o o o m in o in m m in o

r-H rH in rH O "S* rH O o o in

aeas IH rH rH rH

rH rH rH rH

(d (d (d fd

woBa rH rH rH rH

(d (d fd fd

lO VO VO VO

in in in in sbaa * ro •• ro - 00 ^ ro

'S' "3< Xeraar^BW % «k rH rH rH 1

1

VD VO VO VO

K in in in in

*• n •* n - 00 - fO suiav <3* "a* '3* XBTaax.BW rH i-H rH rH

ssbxd 1—

1

i-H rH rH rmbxaM (d (d (d fd

t—

1

0) u >

0) •H p m o p w

w 4J P 0) \ fd m -H c p

rH rH fd •rl o u 0 x: rH Id C u o o ItH a, o 0 0

o fa fa ca

63

II
Table

^-IR.

(continued)

I

p +J 4J 4J -P +J -P +J +J 0 IS 5 5

•H

+j X X X X X X X X X p> m 5

(0 in in LO in in in in in o

rH o o n o n o m o 00

fa • • • • • •

U) t P -P -P +J

(tj u 15 0 w •H

Si X X X X

Si

0) —as o in in in

Pm rH 1—

1

iH rH •H • • • fa

4J -P 4J 4-> 4J +j -p

0 X X X X X X X X

IT) in o in o in o in o o o "d* o o

q.eas fH 1—

i

rH iH iH XET xa:^ew iH

fb 1—

1

fd rHfd iH

rO iHrd

>(oee

sB3t

XBTaa:^Bw

lO l£> lO VO

•k k. %

in in in in n •> n •• n

•d* 'd' 'd' Kj* V

rH iH iH rH

suiav

Xexaaq.eN

m

ro

sseio

:m6T0M

o o

X3 QJ p

(U CQ dj

cn Si \ Cn

VI 1 >0 0) c fd

rC (d QJ 1—

1

fd « 1—

1

1 CQ Td g

CJ o c 0 C

>1 d -p Id *H fd p -p <u

ffi Q o m

!

64
Table

4-19.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Chairs

~

Form

06

4J -P 4J 4J P

0 s ^

•H

4J X X X X X

(0

ns in in o in in H "S' tH OJ m H

• • • • $ n

TS P P

ns 0 >

0 w •H

h4 .Q u X X

fH XI

<U

•«-' ns in o

b iH rH •H • •

4J p 4J 4J -p s S >

ts X X X X X

0o in in o in o

IS iH 04 fn fH

• • • • •

Xoeg

VO in

ro »• iH 'S*

sBeg

XBTaaq.BW

-5S*- VO m - ro

in

XtTae:^HW

VO in * ro » H

ssexD

:mBTaM

w

u

(0 rHu

I—

I

I—

i

ns

65
Table

4-20.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Drawer,

Shelf

Cabinet

or

Closet

Contents

-

Form

07

Fire

Load

(lbs)

Other

Plastic

.60

X

wt

.70

X

wt

wt wt wt wt

.35

X

wt

1 1

Fabric wt

Wood wt wt wt wt

.10

X

wt

Paper

-P

4-> -P X +J O

rg

•

all 1 2 all all 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 all all all all

ssBXD all all all all all all all all all all all

to CO 'O 'O +J

• p 0 to tu to u 0 0 tu At r-\ u (p 0 c tu o cu 0 CJ to ;s (X -p to T3 to ^ 0 to w t/3 CO <u >1 0 (U •H CQ Eh rH

to x: Xi to \ (1) 4J tri rH 0 fO 0 a. Ou CO p (U P 0 to cu p rH 0 (0 ft) <u Eh P to At a, to CO CO u CQ p p -p \ td ^ ^>1 0 < C 4J to +J to ^ e P to H tu fp U 0 0 (U tu to (1) tu (P rH xi tu

(U -P c to Xi to iH rH 4J x: CO CU 0 0 to to to to •p >1 to 0 w c

to 4:: x: tts •H iH P e d Cl, cu u Q 0 u Q w u U

66
Table

4-20.

(continued)

T3

fSO w

.Q O .H •H

0) A+JO

o

•H

+J

(0

(tJ

I—

i

cu

o

•Hu

ja

(0

(X4

•oO

S

>.1 (Ua

nJ cu

4J

15 o

V£>

4J

X

O

4J

O

(N

I—

I

rH

nJ

sseiD

cmbTSM

all all all

u

+jc

in +Jo

P

T30

e \ CO

10 •H \ p (0 Q)

<C M in 0 d) P

cu 0 iH iH •H *H u > (d 0 Vl 0 w o O Vi +J -H

+j e •H +) dJ -o C (1) e 0 iH 0) -H Ci 0) CV •H S

fd x: 0

CL4 u E-i

67
Table

4-21.

Fire

Load

Transfer

Function

for

Appliances

-

Form

Ob

13

fO

Plastic

+J 4J -P -P +J -P -P ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

X XXX XXX

o o o o o o o

CN rH CO rH .H ro iH

0 --

lA m

XI o

d) r-H •H

•H XI

Pm m

Pm

+) -p

'O0 X X

0

S o o

CNJ <N

• •

>iDBa f—1 r—1 r—1 i-H iH rH rH

1—1 i“H 1—i rH r-4 rH rH

to to fd to to to to

3Uoaa rH rH iH iH iH iH iH

iH rH rH iH iH rH iH XBfjaaew n} (0 n) (0 (0 (0

fH iH rH iH iH iH iH sapTS iH rH fH iH rH rH rH XBfaa^BK (0 n) (0 (0 (0 (0 (0

dox iH

fH rH CN fO fH <N 00 XBjaa^BW nj

SSB-[0 rH 1—1 fH

iH rH rH XBfaaaBW (0 (0 (0

rH iH fH aiA3S fH fH fH

(0 r0 (0

P

O

-P w (0 P

M P (U -H

(0 ON iH

r-H tji o m 0

CJ •HO) 0

p p 1 p

MM Pm 0

O > -P

Pi^ H W
+J 4J P p P 0 IJ S s s p w X X X X

U)

cO o o o o o

rHm in in in in

fa • f • • •

T3

<0 c O

u 0 iJ M •H

•H X!

p

-p (1) f-l Xi o »0 CD O

•H

fa

fa

U-. £

OJ 0 T3 m fa 0

in 0 C 1 nj

!-i ty\

£-•

C

IS

•H

TD +J rH

nj »o nj 0 0) •H

pj

a

p -'S' '>a<

Q) T3

(1) p CN na ra fN (N P C nj •H nj

Cli S

CT' c • -H

(N ^ 4J g x: in

cr> in rH rH rH rH rH

rH •H fO rH rH rH fH rH

fa <U -H (d <d fd fd fd

(U

ja o S U

n5 u-i El

in rH

XI rH 3 fd

in Eh P

in (0

w

(H X3 in >1

iH 3 •P P p u U] +J (D '0 0) X! rH G S c +J •H G 0

•H fd o fd

X

w CQ E-i PI

w

69
Table 5-1. Age Distribution of Surveyed Houses

Date Built

Attached Detached Total

Age

Years

No

.

Units % No.

Units %

No

.

Units %

1970 - 1-6 13 21.3 28 14.0 41 15.7

1965 - 69 7-11 6 9.8 33 16.5 39 15.0

1960 - 64 12 - 16 1 1.6 26 13.0 27 10.3

1950 - 59 17 - 26 5 8.2 50 25.0 55 21.1

1940 - 49 27 - 36 3 4.9 14 7.0 17 6.5

- 1939 37 or more 29 47.6 44 22.0 73 28.0

Not given 4 6.6 5 2.5 9 3.4

Total 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0
Table 5-2. Number of Years Occupied by Current Resident

Years

Occupied

Attached Detached Total

Ho.

Units % No.

Units %

No.

Units %

0-4 31 50.8 66 33.0 97 37.2

5-9 12 19.7 45 22.5 57 21.8

10 - 19 5 8.2 54 27.0 59 22.6

20 - 29 10 16.4 24 12.0 34 13.0

30 - 3 4.9 11 5.5 14 5.4

Total 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0

Mean 9.2 10.8

Std. Dev. 11.1 10.0

Table 5-3. Distribution of Numbers of Rooms

No. of

Rooms

Attached Detached Total

No.

Units %

Mo.

Units «7

/

.

No.

Units %

0-4

5-9 22 36.1 18 9.0 40 15.3

10-14 31 50.8 112 56.0 143 54.8

15-19 7 11.5 60 30.0 67 25.7

20-24 1 1.6 9 4.5 10 3.8

25-29 - - 1 .5 1 .4 30-34 - - - - - -

Total 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0

Mean No.

Rooms 10 .

9

13.5

Std. Dev. 3.4 3.4

71
Table 5-4 Distribution of garages

House Type Single Family

Attached

Single Family

Detached Total

Garage

Location

No.

Units %

No. Units %

No.

Units %

Attached to

house

10 16.4 74 37.0 84 32.2

Separated

from house

10 16.4 18 9.0 28 10.7

None 41 67.2 108 54.0 149 57.1

Total 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0

72
SINGLE

FAMLV

AITACHEC

hC^ES z o o 0> 0» o

ys O' O' o

(M

n

n 4 <t z 1 1 » 1 f 1 1 < O o o o O o o < - o in o in o in o o o

04 <V1 ro r> (0 I Irt

73

TABLE

5-5

ROCM

FREQ.

OIST.

OF

ROOM

AREA

(SOFT)
single

FAKILV

CETACEEC

hCFES <

OJ<

74

TABLE

5-6

RCCM

FREQ.

DIST.

OF

ROOM

AREA (

SOFT I
Table 5-7, Exterior finish single family housing

Finish

Attached Detached Total

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

Masonry 52 85.2 132 66.0 184 70.5

Wood Siding 7 11.5 32 16.0 39 14.9

Aluminium Siding 0 0 25 12.5 25 9.6

Other 2 3.3 11 5.5 13 5.0

Total 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0

Table 5-8. Roofing materials single family housing

Roofing

Material

Attached Detached Total

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

Asphalt Shingle 31 50.8 161 80.5 192 73.7

Tile/Slate 2 3.3 20 10.0 22 8.4

Wood Shingle 1 1.6 2 1.0 3 1.1

Tar & Gravel 20 32.8 14 7.0 34 13.0

Other 7 11.5 3 1.5 10 3.8

Total 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0

75
Table 5-9. Distribution of basements and their finish

Attached Detached Total

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

Finished — 24 39.3 79 39.5 103 39.4

^ ^ 2/ Semi-f inished — 13 21.3 60 30.0 73 28.0

Unfinished 7 11.5 29 14.5 36 13.8

No Basement 17 27.9 32 16.0 49 18.8

Totals 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0 — Finished - walls and ceilings covered with panelling, usually gypsumboard

or plaster.

2 / — Semi-finished - walls or ceilings are unfinished, or at least 1 wall is

unfinished.

Table 5-10. Distribution of utility rooms and their finish

Attached Detached Total

No.

Rooms %

No.

Rooms %

No.

Rooms %

Finished 30 69.8 112 51.4 142 54.4

Unfinished 13 30.2 106 48.6 119 45.6

Total 43 100.0 218 100.0 261-^ 100.0 — It is a coincidence that this number corresponds to the total number of

single family residences in this survey.

76
Table 5-11. Distribution of attic spaces

Attached Detached Total

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

No.

Units %

Unfinished 31 50.8 123 61.5 154 59.0

Finished 4 6.6 22 11.0 26 10.0

Inaccessible 6 9.8 21 10.5 27 10.3

None 20 32.8 34 17.0 54 20.7

Totals 61 100.0 200 100.0 261 100.0

77
HALL

GATH- KI

TCHDINING

LIVING

FAMILY

STUDY

BEDBASEUTIL.

STORE

OTHER 1i

(/>

M

X

X

X

X

X

X 1 X

X

X

X

nO o o N o o O o o o e o 1 - N o o O o 44 S <o o <0

n t • • t • • 1 • • • • * • n o <0 1 tO a in 111 - n « X X X X X X 11 X X X X X p> o o o o 1 o o o o O o •• ® - 8 s* • 9 •

9> 11 • • • 9 m - 111 N

M

X

XX

X

XXX

XXX z o n N O' O' IP « 10 lO - r> r» 1 o o « N o o •4 l»>

® v>n o • •• • t • t • • « # • • • • o o o - cv (M 1 N < - a - w (V •« - 11 • X X X X X X X 1 X X X X

(M

N '0 lO 04 « lO

O o 1 o o o o O

O o O « z ••4 • • • • • • • • • • • • •

UJ « 10 10 mm U) 10

N o * mt i X X X X X X X X X X z r) O' w O' '0 « 5 o o N n o o o o - <0 01 m - <0 « 44 o t • - • • t • • 1 • • • • • • m o o o o r> 1 K CD «4 a -* 11 X X X X X X X 1 X X X X

fVJ O' m4 O'

N - N o o 1 o o o o o O - « ® • • t • • • t 1 • • • # • • N (V N N N K 1 N « N n r, 1•1 " -

*«

XXXX

X

X 1 X

XX

X z - N < O' N n - N •M O o i e o - <0 - - o o 9 o - • - • • • • • f 1 • • • • • • fn o CO in N o in in 1 <v N N -

q;

N f<> - M X X X X X X 1 X X X X z « o O' '0 '0 n oo o O O o o o o o o o o o o O ®

N

n

N • • • • • • • • • • • • • « - o N I '0. 4

(X

N 111 X X X X X X X ! X

X

X

X z O' N - o l«) eg N n '0 O o i o o - O' o o N 4 o - • - • «« • *-• • • • • 1 • f • • • t in o in N o p) in 1 •4 •- c^

IX

N

N <VJ - 111 X X X X X 1 X X

XXX

X

N

N 4 N O'

n '0 in

N *4 1 ro® ^ fO o o o inN r> t • • • • • t • • • «4 • • ® *0 z n lO '0 - 4 O' 44 1 4 N N CD lU - •m I11

04 fn eg

X

X

X

X

XX

X 11 X

X

X

X Z n K (Ni N N '0 •0 CO It) - « eg N - ® ^ CO a> «4 ® 'O o mm U • • n • • • • • • • • • • • Oi o O o -* <o *4 1 oi O' •4

a.

n - 4-

X

X

X

X

X

XX

X

X

X

X o ou m CO m 4 o o CO o o o Q o o o o o O' ro • • • • • • • • t • • t f (M

O' <o x4 •4 1 1 11 < 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 11 1\ V) < O' O' O' O' o O' O' O' z o o • • • t • t • • o > K • • 9 O' O' O' o

0. 0* 4 44 fM 04

n

m

a 44 o z <n 1 1 f 1 1 1 1 t 1 < s 1 o o O O o o o o o z <

u. o o • • • • • t • • • < K

-) 1 • o in o in r> in o in o OJ o o dJJ o in OJ n in z CO 1- Oz •J•J

lA

kO

CMlA

hN. K\

KV

<T> O

CM

l£> lA

J*

KN

rs. CM

V£> J-co

Jrs. fs.

78

TABLE

5-12

ROCM

FREU.

DIST.

OF

LIVE

LOAD

(LB/SGFT)
SINGLE

FAMLV

C£TACFEC

l-OKES

V)

a S u c z o

Of o M

•<

N

m •*« M n <0 i O

O I • I M O O

M

N « M O O

M

•«

WOO

M t M

OO I O

O • 1 • M O O

u z 1 M 1 10 to 1 »* 1 ff> 10

M

CD

N

N

»0 flD tt o 1 ** • 1 • • • o a 1 9> 1 o B

*•VI

K 1 <tJ I 1 (VI t M I M o o i M n I II I M t M ) I I O O I « M I 0> ) 9 I I - I o

I*) III 11 M 1 M )« ! M I >* »» >« t Z 1 »0 N 1 0* (V N n 1 1 o« - ® f- (V ff. j O ! • 1 N • • • 1 (VI • 1 • • • wl O 1 9^ 1 « 1 CM 1 H a 1 1 ro " i «4 1 3 1 1 1 M I M

-• I/) I 10

•• I O O I • I M i « » N I I i e I M I I i N

MMK *« 1 »« ! n O 1 -< O 10 O in N I « 10 1 UJ z m t N • • • I • 1 vt UJ •9 B CD B 1 10 1 <

3) 2 (VI 1 1 1 1

>e I M

CM

N I (V

N • I • M tIII

Ml Mi Mi

M -•niooiooi**r)

N I ^ I • I « f 10 I I

Ul <t m

MK

H

M 1 M »«

M 1 K >«

H

M 1 1 1 z B N B « (VI o 1 B 10 B 10 (M m 1 O O o o O O -• CM 1 (VI 1 « 1 « a in • • B t CM • • • t 1 • • ! • 1 * 1 fO a N O CM B (0 ! •" - 1 7 5 1 « M M M M 11 1 X 1 M M 11 X M 11 X M

>•

O

m to

B

O 00 to 1 o (0 1 B

B in 1 O'

K CM O' in s 1 B in 1 N o i •4 • 1 (VI « • • 1 • 1 • • i • • • • i • • I O 3 K 1 - in N 1 0« 1 in 1 B 10 1 — 1 B in 1 m» ! 1 N 1 1 1 m 1 10 i1 11 11 I 11 11 > M X M M 1 X 1 X X 11 M X 1 X X 11 11 J Z o CO K (0 10 O o JO 1 o 10 1 o o o o 1 CM O' o o 1 O o -* « 1 O' 10 1 m

•4 o ! o • t (VI • f 1 •a • • • 1 • • 1 • • 1 • • (0 z o •4 •0 n o 1 < 1 1 1 1 N B CM < a (0 1 1 1 I •* 1 IL 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 Z 2 M

yQ

O o M

CD

N

<M • M

0) 0^ « I iO 10 I M - 10

M o o M O OM

O

O

M

O

O • I > o j •4 CM N 1 ") i 10 1 (VI 1 1 1 a 1 'J) i N 1 1 i 1 1 -1 11 \ 1 1 11 11 11 M 11 M 1 X 1 1 X 1 X ! 1 X 1 M 1 X ) 2 Z 1 V 1 1 CM 09 O in 1 - CD Mi - 1 O' N - 1 M o 10 • 10 • 1 n • CM • 1 - • • 1 • • 1 2. u 1 O 0* B 1 o 1 in 1 (0 1 < CM 1 «« a m •4 — «* 1 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 1 1 1 M M X I X 1 X 1 M M t z B O' CM O' m 10 1 B N N (VI I « 10 1 O' ro 1 «4 (O 1 u 1 • ! • 1 • CM • CM t CM • t 1 CM 1 z 1 N to O N 1 10 1 O 1 cr O 1 lU 1 t 2 i 1 11 t1 M M 1 X 1 1 X 1 M M M 1 1 2 < N 0) (0 IO O CM 10 1 B 'O to o ro B i I o N • <o • CM • 1 • 1 « • • 1 • • 1 a Mt n *4 « 1 in B 1 - t < ct n (VI 1 - 1 1 3J 1 - M M M M M M 1 N CM 10 <u o ro 0) C O 10 o O o o ( U) • •it • t • • • • • 1 J to O 9 N 1 - t < 1 X 1 1 t 1t M O O I1 w III O I M n o M

cy>

N ^ I to I M

CM

N I 10 I I <M I M ^ CM M

tn >0t M

IM < III to I O I to III o Mo II to III I >o iI n

CT' CTt O' c^ O' O'

9* • • • « • • f • • 9 CT' O' O' o

C^ CM CM

n IO •M* 1 tO 1 (J 1 C7 1 o 1 o 1 o 1o 1 o O • • • « • • • t 1 • o to O 40 o to o (0 O 40 «4 CM CM IO fO <

o^

CM

l>v o

CM-3*

UOjr

hs.

J*

rs.

CM

tr\

IT\ CMoQ(/) J*

JJ

79

TABLE

5-13

HOCM

FKEQ.

GIST.

OF

LIVE

LOAD

IL8/SQFTI
SINGLF

FAMILY

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O o a 't t 0 • CD • U) • mm t • • • • u o mm N u*

It

mK >f 1 if 1 if

N

D in Ul ro

n

O 1 o mm

n » o o O o O o 1 t o • •n • •-< • 9 • • t • • •

'O v\J 1 1 I tn C\i 111 1I 111 X I O O I H o o O'

(> - tf)

if

X 1 X 11 X

XX

X

X

X

X 11 m

X 1 z N O' (M tn m < 1 in 1 1 in m - fO - n o o n 1 CO o 1 o • • 1 • • 9 • 9 • • 1 t • • 1 u if) 1 •4 ! •4 1 O' - CM CM CM 'O N 1 n 1 a 111

CM i11 i - N I*)

if

X 1 X

X

X 1 XX

X

X

X ! rnX 11 z « tn n N O' in 1 O' N 1 O' mm U) - in in *4 ifl U) I *• 1 ® o n • o» • • •4 • 9 • 9 • • • 1 • • • o n 1 CM 1 CM 1 CD 1 N 1 - 1 CM a 111

4- CM 11 111 111 11 - - 1 X X X 1 X X 1 X X X X X X 11 H* o N o N *4 N tn o O n o o o o o o o 1 mm n O n 1 in 2 <M • (M • t m4 • 9 • • • • • • • • 1 K

UJ 1 <0 1 O 1 1 in 1 — <= i z CM *4 111 111 111 - o 111 X X X 11 X X X X X X X if 11 z in o O' in xO f4 CM o 1 N 1*) n in - <VI CM ! CM in N N «0 o CM • 'O • « i O' • 1 fO • •4 • • • • • • • • i tn n CM o 1 rm o in 1 in N 1 CM <0 1 vO

a: 111 n 111

-• 111 X X X 11 X X *< X X X X X 11 mm O' O s mm fn •4 1 O' «0 <0 <0 0 O' N 1 N N N s • • CM • t4 • I 4 • I • • . t • • • • o 1 ro 1 CM 1 in in ® tn o 1 •4 111 N 44 11 X X X X X X X X X X 11 X £ x> n !N in O o 1 CM 0* t in in K 1 vO o rn - p4 < 1 mm CM •4 D 1 • « • CO • n • mm • • • • • 9 • • • rn O CM n 1 rn 1 o 1 - N •4 N 1 CM

Ct 11! m

n t11 111 - 11 I z< O Oj

in z

86

TABLE

5-20

RCCM

FREQ.

DIST.

OF

ROOM

TOTAL

EQUIVALENT

FIRE

LOAD

(LB/SQFT)
SINGLE

KAMLY

CETACEEC

ECKES

UJaXuo

(t

H

H »*

H 4 4 ! 4 4 4 4 a z o O o O o o 44 0> •4 O' <V i O O N (0 PI lO ro « N (V

N

u o 0 « • 9 9 9 1 • • 9 9 « • •9 X o in in «4 1 •4 K N S“ i M «4 m 1\ M K K 4 M 18 4 4 4 4

lUX

M inN 0> OJ in <0 <V 44 ( CM in

n 0) P) « in

m p> 4 S8 . ; u; •

0> 9

Cl* 11 4 9

*0 9o ’ * * H S « 1 (M w 1 1 M « K 4 4 it 1 4 4 M M • • s PI «4 O *0 CM <4 O' PI i <0 O' B flO in 94 PI 0) •J o # • 4 • CM • IV • «v 9 1 CM 9 CM 9 CM 9 PI 9 9 •

•-

u « in

O o m 1 «4 (M CM <0 tv

H tt - •« 1 «4 «4 44 o 1 K K »« 4 M 1 4 4 K it 1 *- h- PI QJ PI O PI n O 1 tfl N PI P> 'll o B N 10 PI U) U1 z • • « «4 • 44 9 9 9 • • 9 9 * N

V) lU CM Cl*N PI <r >0NB

O < z •4 44 44 1 - 44 o 11

9t

K it

K 4 H 4 it 4 4 z N P> •4 < «4 PI o Pi PI in 10 f* 1 «4 <0 N (0 N N O' 9^ in (V to 1 o • • 0* • p4 9 • N 9 j <0 • PI 9 *4 9 9 • • P! o u *0 44 K •4 N p4 0* 1 O' in N «4 <0 lU X *4 44 CM •4

(C 11

itXM

HH 4 4 4 4 4 > PI o N O' 44 44 PI CM CM o I O' 4 «V O' «v O' - O' 1*1 tv

N o • oi • «v 9 *4 9 44 9 *4 9 « • 9 9 * * o 3 o oo N o 44 0* t B -* K «4 44 44 1 X> it K K M it 4 11 4 4 4 4

-1 z - «4 00 *0 1*1 PI PI CM c» 1 00 in

N

O

O

N O' O' *0 (V 44

X

O • t (M • CM 9 PI 9 PI 9 1 PI • PI • ftl 9 9 9 9 p> z a O 44 1*) 1 >0 B PI CM < a •4 •4 «4 •4 1 IL

V9 ' K it

M 1 4 4 4 m Z Z O O V CM N PI 44 N «4 1 O' «V '0 « O O' 4 o 10 CM 4 M O • • OJ • P) 9 9 PI 9 CM 9 • - 9 9 9 9 o > Q «4 CO •4 00 N 4 CM tv •« a •4 •4 CM 44 •4 )1

V9 11 K 4 M

K it it 4 4 Z X 1 - m «4 in eg P| (4 O tf* 01 44 1 *o « in O' PI « 4 V4 10 tv •9 - o 1 t • 4 9 PI 9 l*> 9 9 CM 9 - • - 9 9 9 9 0* z u 1 <0 o 10 1 n f* *0 CM 44 - a 1 «4 <v CM •4 Q 11 1 11 H X K >e it M f M M £ tf) (0 N o o lO PI 10 PI 1 OO O' 01 O' 4 O 10 10 CM u 1 • 'V • « U) 9 CM 9 CM 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 o H Z ( PI <« 10 CM CM P) P| CM CM CM M UJ 1 «4 CM <M 44 •4 Z 11 11 »1 H X >e M H K it X it 1 Z 1 •e PI « •4 CM c^ K 10 O C7* N N O' N 4 N O' p| CO CM in 1 • t «4 9 CM 9 CM 9 9 Pl • 9 *o • PI 9 9 9 o - (J 1 CM to 10 1/* O O' CM cv N in « ae i W 1 11 #c «e 99 99 4f 9V 1 *€ • P> <x> U) PI u> PI (0 O CM O 44 P) o •4 o 44 N CO Ul < V* tv *o 1 • • 9 9 44 9 CM 9 CM 9 CM 9 CM 9 N 9 • 9 O' 1 •4 •4 CM PI U) U*) U) *0 tv 0* n 1 *u X 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 !f V) 1 Cl' V* 0* 0* O' O' 0* C7* o z 8 Cl* c;* <7* CP O' O' O' 0* o u 1 o 4 <M PI (O >0 N CO 9 o 1 • • 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 a 9 1 1 8 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 o o o o o CP O o o 1 o o o o o o o o o < »- 1 CM PI 10 vO N <0 0* lU Q o • 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 z (0 h* O<a

CMI LA

87

RCCM

FKEQ.

OIST.

OF

INTERIOR

FINISH

FIRE

LOAO/TOTAL

FIRE

LOAD
SINGLE

EAKILV

/^TTACEEC

HCKES

U ) -a

in •- <

-Ia I tf) I I O' I I - i - I i/> I II »n I • IIIII O) I•I o I ^ I • I»tIIt o I »n I • II <0 I K

FO III ^ I I n I «o I N

O' I <v I u) • I • I I ^ I N I•* « I >0 o III N I O' I • I o

CD III U) I o I N I • I•II I I «« I O I O' « I O I o II ID I N

<Vi II « I n I • I •- II»I tf) I GO I ^ • I •

CVJ I OJ II II Oi I tf) I • III•

«« I tf) 1 z z 1 z z z u u VO 1 o o CJ Q u z 1 o o o z z u 1 z a z cc M o 1 > o z z z >• UJ a 1 < o Ui V9 > o UJ »• VO 9 a X z z > o X M < z

lU ^ X

u « u z UJ ij z UJ

a ^ H z > z D

Q 1/) o z

>- < < M

M < K UJ < K

w

X (U

u (/) 0)

m VO o zooa

88
SINGLE

FAMLV

ATTACI-EC

FCMES 1) 9 o O' o s O' o in

®

J 1 tn - n * <c (M o (0 « in

B < I t 1 • • • * • • • • • • • « in r) « 1 in in r) n in (0 1 1 K 1 -I 1 1 !b 1 o 1 o o O 1 O - O O o o o o 8

10

CK o I O

O o 1 o o o o O o o o \

UJ • • • • « • • • • t ® # (C X 1 i J 1 o t 1 u 4 < 1 1 o u « V m CQ o <D in B '0 w N J M 1 o tM 1 0} (7^ V -< O N 10 a 0 • • 0 • • • • • • • » tu

ID •«

— - a < N«

u. u. < X 1 10 u o 1 m 1 mm <0 «« n in O N B 1 fVJ n o O <M o - n o - z

(/) • • ® « ® • • • • • • » < 1

5?Xa

m 1 X

n < n to

D

N CM o in o N UJ

(£ 1 M \n

N

— mm CM CM

OO CM -«K

It • • • • • • f • • • • • z a

u

a UJ

V) 13 N m <

OJ ir n n 0^ C^ CM Ul UJ V lU w 0} UJ O' tf) h- m in 'U o V> > u • • • • • • 0 • • • • ® < • a n CM CM n P> ni < N u • »

It K^ B CM z z

tn Z X z u u CO UJ o a o Q u z -J a a o e IZ a CO z a X a h o > o Z z Z V UJ a < u UJ VII W a (U X a. X z z J a z < a. o> J X u M u (X UJ a UJ a z > z D Q CO o X > < < M < UJ < K w X m u J X cn o o U) a Zo

89
SINGLE

FAmiLV

ATTAC^EC

FOME I )i N r, « 10 « K » J 1 o N N W < • • • • t t • • • • • • 1 (A ( <D ® o (*» N 0> <0 o w o 94 - - <M 11 t1 1 - 1 o « - O -1 - a O tf) o O O O o (M 10 o - -

III • • • t • • • • • • • • I 1 u.o o v>s 1 m 1 u 1 •M N < «4 <D w o F' 10 c

in

V 1 l*»

— r> » 01 <JI o u • • • • • • • • • • • • o

CD - 94 94 •4 «4

N < < 1 o

IL 1 -1 u K> - 1 O oo n o o o s <M 10 s 1 4 w « o tf) « fO n 9 O' u.

V)

H 1 < - <0 f\l -I J < a K 1 a 4 N o o » N o « r> 94 •4 N z z « p4 tn M tf) in r*- u

Ui • • • • • • • • • • • t o a «• 94 4 «i4 r> 10 CM z

ILU

a Ui

Vi V9 \ 4 <

(U 1 z k u V <• CM \n « ®4 CM Ui Ui w CM n « <x> - V) 0) o o 99 oi > Q • t 9 • • • 9 t • • 9 • • O in « NO in NO u 4 f s

u. * CM z z lA z z Z o u cn o o o Q z UJ o o o Z Z o z z z z (J < V (J z z > UJ z p < u UJ Cl Cl > u Ui K O a z £ £ -1 > o z k4 < z

UJ

Jr KJ 49 99 o z Ui

J z 1X1

a

J z > z D o (fi o z < < M M < U) < z m Q J u» </) o Oi 3 cn o Zo i

90
SiNCLE

EAVIUV

CETAC»-EC

HOKES

nn CW 11 - CO o K 11 in 1 O' i j o N 01 o N in r» l*> 1 1*1 1 < • • • • 1 • • i • • 1 • » 1 » • 1 K 1 •• in n 1 < 1 in in 1 «r 1 » fO 1 3 ** 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 ILo t 1 1 (0 1 N « - •• 1 n • n n N m 1 N a O N o 1 O o o o 1 - O 1 o

lU • • * • 1 t • • • • • * • 1 3 X ! t 1 1 I i 1 u ( 1 o 1 1 1 1 1 <o 1 1 1 1 1 u N - O' in N o O' — n 10 <0 1 o •« O IM 1 n # O n m 'O M 1 UJ e 1 • a. cu 1 IM 1 1 0.

u. ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 V)

\m 1 f 1 1 1 z

<0 OJ 1 o n o N 1 fO 1 UJ 1 O - N n » 10 01 n in n 1 -

VI I- z < 1 1 1 1 1 o J 1 u a 11 UJ

cJ 1 03

>0N

— i/) 10 m$ OJ « N 1 < z <r •• in tf) s >0 N <U 1 >

•li • • • f • • t • • • • 1 u

a. o oi - UI 1 z

a. < 1 ij a 1 Ui

V) 1 NU 1 a

r» UI !*• tv o V Ui Ui 01 vr I UJ V «« OI ID 01 rj fO « 1 > a • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 • a n tv •« IV — 9m 9m 1 u 1 • m 1

liL 1 lA 1 1 1 <N z Z Z z z u u V) u u a u u z u U u u: z a LU Z cr K a a > u z Z > UJ a § < u UI W > u Ui o P A c: X z Z > u z M <0 u: Ui U X u •* •• *« o a: UI a UJ a Z > z o Q V) «i« o X > < < IM •a* M K UI < K hv K X (D Q u. V) 0) Oi v> a

3t3UX

91
single

famlv

cetacfec

fokes I -

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in I tn I o j in o I ^ j K I ^ • • I • I • # 9 in I in I ^ I I I I I I t I I

P) t o

CM I 9>

•• III9I9 O I P) • 9 • IIIII m • CM I • 999I9

in I p* I9 P» I O 99 N I CM 9 • 9999

U) 9 'U U) 9 ^ 9 in 99 1 z z 1 z z z u u 1/) 9 o u u Q u z 1 o o Q a (X u 9 z ce q: oc 9- u 9 > o £ z £ > in IX 1 < u Ul o V9 u ut 9- vy M QC £ < Z > u z M IX

lU ^ £ U

M

ua UJ «l q: ID

a j 9-

H z > z D o (/)

X ^ < < M M M < 9* iV < H !• H I (0 u IL V) (B OJ (/) o Zooa

92
SINGLE

EASILY

CETACEEC

ECEEE t

\L o O 0> « N (V » 1 tn t J o SB 1 n — « 0> 0> 1 O' « « N 1 < • • f • • • » « • • • i 1 m ll> 1 9 OB o 1 O' N O « 1 o <Y I - 1 11 11 1 w 1 - - rt n «u o w rt I a o r) 1 N O o o o ( o in — O 1 A

Mi • • • • • f • # • • • 1 1- X I 1 Ik 1 a 1 tn ( 1 J \o 1 1 1 mi u 1 u> - <0 N o> 1 w tn m ^ 9 N tf) N n tn - •• 1 O' E> N 1 n 1 « • • * • • • 1 • • * • 9 1 o o 1 <

<n 1 O

\L 1 1

UJ 1 ( a

w <v 1 CM ( 9 W -• in

m 1 M 1 1 m n o m ® O' 1 n in ® N m 1 Ik V> K t f • • • • • I • • • • f f < 1 J j 1 < a 11 o

CO o OJ CO

— in o N 1 N I z a K 9 N N n 9 N N GU u 1 u

Mi • f • • • • • • • • • j u a - CM ^ o •* CM -< ® 3 < — 1 a 1 Ui 1 Ml 1 X

(O

N U) *- O' OJ Ul f Ul

PI <0 V»

N 'O U) <0 V» o m 1 > u • t • ® • • • • • • • • 1 o P» (n I/) < U) m Ul n Ul VO Mi 1 u t m » 1 i r«v CM z Z \f\ S z z u u V) u o u u u z Ijj u a u a K o X a 3 X u CO

>•

u Z z > lU

a < u Ul w > u UJ HM a X mi > u z *<® < tf

lU

X

u

M o X UJ mi

a Ul

a

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K Z > z D

Q in o I > < < M M < K Mi < 1- w

tm

X OJ o IL in o (D inu Soa

93
SINCLE

FAKiILV

ATTACHEC

ECKES

V) B ! Ul o

X o

»- s o

1 X X X K X X X X 1 X

i ** N e o e o N m o e o o - K o o o o 1 <v n in •

1 t • • • * • • • • • J

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t ® « 1 n »

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lA n

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M o o

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p« «4 I «* «• » I 9

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X X X X X ! X X X X X

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J o * • • t • 1 • • • • - • • • a * ! >0 CO « « frt E oc - - - - N N

I

DiS < X

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M I - <P I X

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ii

uj a s

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1 « 1 o o r) o> (V n <0 <v « « i n » n 01 lO o> N O O 1 ®

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1 1 - 10 O 1 N « o ^ N

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z z m « o o o o N N ro <0 n <0 in fo N 1 « 1 in Q>

MX o • • • • * • • • 1 ^ • j «x • z o ® in in CT' 1 in 1 MX a xX 1 CM 1 CM

1 X X X 1 X 1 X X X X X X

z 1 o o - 'O o O CM N N N N CM N «x N o O CM u • • • 1 • 1 • • f 1 • mX • rn • f • w z - 1 n n n ®x CM in ® MX lU 1 «x N in CO

11

11 X X X j X X X X X X X

1 z o o o O o o V CM N n in B « in N fO in N <0 in •X z o • • • 1 • • • • mt • CM • '0 t t • CM

km u 1 «x N vO CM CM n s «x

<. a •X CM tt) V «x

OJ

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1 X X X X X X X X X

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•J • • • 1 • • • • t 1 • • « • CM J CM N CM CM u> < U) r) X 1

1

(7* CT* c^ O' O' O'

• • • • • • t

O' 0* o O' O' O' O' CM n m N

V)zo

o

XJ

<

K

o o

</) ^

94

TABLE

5-28

ROCM

FREQ.

OIST,

OF

PERCENT

LIVE

LOAD

MI

THIN

TMO

FEET

OF

WALL
SINGLE

FAMILr

ATTACHED

HOMES

a a ins

5

“

M M M M N M M M M X K e e m N X N e o X K o o e o e o

• • • • • f • • f

<e <e « m m ‘

M M M M M M M M

1 * ! n n X X m 0* p e o o o o o o «« «« m m 1 f f • • # • • • t I N 9 O' 9 9

(M j

1

r»n

tti a S8

5“

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• a j o “ O I »> a I 3 !

M

- w Mi M M )>• I in « I •« r> * * * I « X I N I - • •

MnMn

M X rn M

9 n

M , M I X

X • i • # o

N I r»

M 1 M 1 M I M i M 1 N M M M M

1

1 H <MX|00|Oe|x«iCMx|x« N - n N • N m H w « i Ul Z » 1 *1 *1 * j • 1 • • • • • • * i lA tU X 1 1 1 w X 1 m X i <0 N « 9

< a X I X (M 90 « CM o 1III)) 1 I i 1

!

i

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1

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u> a I o I

M

n o> Mo o

M ) M n 9 I X 4M ! M

N in 1 «

• I M • « i <0

M

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9 n in r> CM « cat W n • n • l*> • t e

tn N O in O'

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I M 1 K1 M 1 M

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i • t • • 1 • • 1 •

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95

TABLE

5-29

room

FREQ.

DIST.

OF

PERCERT

MOVABLE

F.L.

WITHIN

TWO

FEET

OF

WAUL
SINGLE

FAKlLy

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hOmE

(/)

X

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17. in •4

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in® 23 99 36

M

MX

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XR

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n O'

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cc - N CM eg

N - K H R R R R R R R R

r)O o ••IO * n

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wO OI

O

N O' o 9 w z • • • • • • • - • • • • • r* m in 9 .0 ® eg m X - - •• •« o N M M X X R R R X X X X N — (V 9 o N r* N in m CO in o O « o • t • - • n • • 9 • • M) • eg • • » • J in K (M p4 « •4 9 in «

(X P4

N eg - •*

M

K

XX

R

R

X

R

XR \ *4 0> o o in (D (V 9 N 9 r> O n 9 ® w •* in - in

N • * • • • « * - • N • • • • 1 o

01 O'

N in

® - O' 9» - CM fO o •<

M

RR

R

R

RXRX

R

X evj

N

m « tO 00 CO «l in o o r» « nN

n

® •4 o • • • • • N • r> • t • • • • m o - O' ® o n 9 CM X - eg " - M X R X R R R R X R X r> in O o O CO 9 « CO 01 N - s -• •4 o S m N w o • • • t t N • r» • n t • m • • • o Q N r) N « ® o O' O' CM s - •» «4 CM - « - M M R R X R X R R R X w <V II) « « - « «« O' N 10 9 •* «V ® •• to n O' « *4 o • t • • • t 4 • m • • in • • • 9 u ' «V m n « Itl 9 CM m m a 11

*• CM eg

N eg

»(

K

X

X

RXX

R

RR «iX ifl •• in o o o N O in tn 9 n W N O' 9 t 1 • t • • • • t if) t - • t • O z N to N in S eg

Ui 111

eg in CO 11 R X X X X X R R X

X a> <0 1 w

O o to « 0>

N (Vn

® o -• -• in

u • 1 • - • • t N • tn • N • • CM • • t o u •• 1 -< '0 « «4 n CM in n o in

cx 111

CM QJ CM 11 M X X X X X X X X « <4) O O o o o O - n CM (0 to tfl to n in r) to 'U tU • ' • • • • • • • • • • •

fVJ i;*

n

—

n 0)

N

tti 11

n|

O' o O' • z • • • • • • • • o u t O' O' o Ot ot O' O' O' o u o CM »n # in to N QD a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •J o o o o o o o o o < • • • • • • • • • < 1 o o o o o o o o o u o o o w4 CM r) in « s o O' s (0

96

TABLE

5-30

RCCM

FREQ.

OIST.

OF

PERCENT

LIVE

LOAD

VlTHIN

T«0

FEET

OF

WALL
SINGLE

FAKILY

C£TACt-EC

J-CKE

(/) e X u o X o 1 X

X

X

XX

X

X

X

XX 1 1 in o o — O' O O j - O' rg o — O' N O o e in in i 1 • • • • 1 • • • $ • • • • 1 9 in in in O' - O' 1 w 1 11 - <v in n 11 1 1 1 X 1 X X

iU

X O' ! n o o

gc o 1 f • • 3 u 1 in 1 eg

(-

a 1 «4 ! U) 111 X 1 X

X $ X t GO ro I evi O' l'> C3 I "* • f • M U t « 1 a* a 1 1 D 11 1 11 X 1 X X ? ) ^ ro ) to O n o u z 1 • • » in UJ 1 in i < z 1 1 CD 11 11 1 X X X X 1 1 xX eg 1 o 1 • • • O o 1 X 1 a* UJ t£ 1 a 1111 X X X > wx O' n 00 Q 1 • • » D 1 Ci 1 in 1 - « - > Ii X X X X 1 (Vi O' * 9 o o 1 • • z u 1 to < a I \L 11 o 1 X 1 X X z z 1 n in mx in in in M o 1 0 • • > u 1 X CM M a i1\1 X X X z 1 o (M N N o (Vi M o • t - • z u 1 in r> in

cr 1 a 11 1 1i X

XX z 1 (Vi o evi a o o w 1 • 1 • • z 1 •B3 111 1\11t X X X 1 z \ N n <0 i u 1 rn t t • u 1 fiw < cr 1 (Vi (0 1111 9K 11 X X 1 <o wX O o o o 1 ^ • 1 • • J 1 (M « 1 <a; 1 1 1 1 1 11 in 1 Q> • • 1 • a* O' 11

(Vi 11 1O 1 u « t H o o z o (Vi I M ( O O I M I M ! •• n I N (fi I • I • I -si — •

ifl I N I I M I M « « I in M t I .< «l*> ( 1 « ! N — I II m

** I »« O' -• O'

N I n o I « • I M a I

r> I in -• I n

ro I <0 I - I I N 9 I fO 1 I m I 9 I (V I

»* I II) N I M

<u o - n ( mn I t I - • I I X I X N i O' <9 — t I • N I CD I (M — ) — i X i ! N N I I - • I I N I I (M I I( ® I N t inN

X s ^ X m evi m •in

X - 9 n • X N m K

X

M <0 n

X 9 N e M I « O I O' I - I ®s !1 <M I II in I — I X

-• O'

X

•o s X

<f s n I X I - m I - • I o I - I

<M 1 - II X 1 <0 (M 1 CM »

nj

X - ro•an I s I - I X I in (M ( I

'C 1 II I m » I I ) I - ^

<v ~ ! ® m I ro • I « I - I X

in

®

in •

10

(M

X i eg in ( in f I eg I N IIII O I M II )(1I ro ® I »« ( nj

X

in

m

X

N <C

<M • I S » ^ O I N

•m i xrt II I K 1 M QO I (Vi • I 2 III N i 'O t»tI in I I • I o O I (V

H

CM

n

m t ^ \ K I (Vi I lo n I • i n t s <0 1 00 I H

OD (V If o e n I t o I (vj I I I 1 I t ItII - I ^ X

in in

X

in in

X ( X

O ^ I N

XK

GO fI i X i in o I U) t I ^ I (vj

X ^ m

r- •on I o ( in I - • I • I » o I o IIII I ® f - II X

in o o (V t o (Vi I in o I (VJ

X

rn yQ

in

N

® I N I I I I I GO I in I • I o

in o I 00 f ro I in o I o I « II X o o o in 1 in ro I 00 o

•4 I -• I « » VO I <4) I ro p| I ri I ^ I

97

TABLE

5-31

RCCM

FREQ.

OIST.

OF

PERCENT

MOVABLE

F.L.

WITHIN

TWO

FEET

OF

WALL
SINGLE

F^KILY

AITACFEC

FOMEE

lA S X

Ui o X o ^ a o

ii

ui

a ooZ X - o Z Q X X a 1 R

M 1 M

M

M

M

M

R

RR 1 ! CM n o o 1 o o - K o o e o o o o o Al 10 m CM i • • 1 t t • • • • » • • I rn o o 10 CO in 1 10 1 11 - - 10 * 1

UI

X S3

h>

X

V)

M

10

M

N (U • I M I M O O N N

M

O

O

M o o

CO I •< I I o I - • I • I - n I N

(0 I 10 • X I j a I - o I h- X I 3 It M O O H

a> <C

MR

R

R

R

M 1 MM I 10 0I o o 10 o N N 10 o O O 1 CM N - (0 » o

•i • f • # • • 1 • • 1 • • o N K 1 CM i tn o 1 11 . 11 1 ro 1 N I1 M ! R R K 1 K in CO 1 ro N « tu «U

Ui z • 1 • • •

cn UJ s i <0

N eg < X N 1 - N N o 11 M

in

N II - «

<U - Ml Ml

M o o j o o ) o e • I *1 • H O OM f o o I to

M

CMO

*« •N

H « CM CM •

CO i - M I M S O I lO 0>

r» • I «u •

01 II M

(VI 10 N •- I

»* I Ml

<0 » I « » I ^ ! r ' III M

<0 O'

M

<0 o M

ro

M

O

— IIII (U I ro III I M I M

ro I IT (F • I Mto

F

M - « M o o N I O I - I - ! I I I M I e o I •• lO • IIII M 11 1 >0 1I N 1 <0 • iI • 1 •

10 11 in 1 O' 11 10 ! - M 1 M 1 M 1 M R R M

X lU IV

n o im(uiN«ioo<iroeo

— >0 10 CO

g • • 1 - . 1 - • 1 • 1 • • • 3 10 — 1 1 N 1 <v 1 « X CM 1 ni 1 Ml M 1 M o in I 1 I z I u I - Z I - UJ I Z I M

10

N

M

O' I M I « <C I - • I M>0 « II -<

M I CO N I M

in o M

(U o

** • ro o I (U • I N O I M « in 1 K I K

10 I » 10 • I *

10 I to I MK O O I M II X • I N IIIII M I CO N I c I (M I - I M

'0 in I M I O <0 II M N O M t

O' I »• I O O I M • IIII II M I o o M O O ^ i • I CM I fn II K

CM CM

M

m CD

HnK

O

O

H ! 1 CM N 1 5 3 • • 1 • r> m 1 o 1 IV

CM ^ i CD <0 • I • m II K O O K O O ^ I • II n III II tf) I tn o

*• C^J

COCM ir> > it 11 M R M R M M M J X 1 O - o « « 

O' - 10

N - '0O C»

O

O

O

O - 10

M 2 o • 1 t •- • • • • • • • • • • 10 z o CVJ 1 ro tn in 10 N N - <

u.

QC 1 CM 1

CM - cu ro - I I I ® I CM CM

’OJ • II iM I» ^ J*

CMm CM II in I r> I CM

(n I I 1 O' 0* O' O' O' O' O' • z 1 O' t t • • • f • • o u 1 • O' 01 O' O' O' O' O' o o 1 O' "" CM 4 tn NO N CO a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I o O o u o o o o o < • • • • • • • • • < H t o o o o Q o o o o Ui c^ o Z o CM n in « K 9 O' z !:

98 II

TARLE

5-32

RCCM

FREQ.

OIST.

OF

PERCENT

FLOOR

AREA

COVERED
HALL

e/iTHKITCHDIKING

LIVING

FAMILY

STUDY

BEDBASEUTIL.

STORE

OTHER

w 1 X

KXX

X 1 WX 1 K ! z 1 < in in < fO « 1 «ft o> - » •P 9 1 o o O o o o 1 IN CO 1 « 1 N o t • • ft 1 ft ft ft 1 • t ft i

ft 1 • «• ( •ft o ( rn N in in m f I «4 N o » K 11 w «4 111 !!

•ft 1i

IN

m 11 11 M K H 1( M X M 11 X K M 1t H 11 X 1 ^ o S 1 N in in ft < P) P) CD o o 1 IN an 1 IN <0 1 o 1 ** • • pft ft 1 • • ft 1 • ft ft 1 ft 1

ft ft < u 1 N » (M 1 - •ft 1 IN '0 i i el « 1 a 11 N (V! 11

•ft ft« 1I 1! I1

ro CM !1 [ 1 I 1 1 1 ki« ( Ml 11 X if 1 H X X I if if K j \ z 1 ^ N o in CM O o IN IN 10 1 o <0 <0 CO CM O' I O' •ft If) CM CO o j • f in ft • IN ft ft- ft j •« ft ft ft 1 ft • ® i u 1 fn CM 10 IN » 10 1 <r IN i ft t ft 1 (M

(X 1\

CM

W <N 11 11 1 ft CM 1i .. »H4 «e « ' ~ ^ ( » M M - «*ft « ftft » .. 1 M M M » 1 - iM M •9 1 « <1 M X K i* X X 11 M if K ! « 1 iO o w PO m n O' o PI fO 1 m N *« n o O j CM N ) o 1? 1 10 z • (Vi ft •H ft • ft ft 1

ft ft ft 1 ft ft ft

N

UJ t o o N CM

® 10 1 I CM •4) 1 z 11

-•V (M 11 - 1 ti

IN CM » 1 » ' .. 1 k>< » ^ 1 » 1 1 •ft .. M .. •ft 1 1 M « i K X K if M 1 if if 1 if z » "0 O O O' < «0 1 o N o n 10 1 a IN o r) in ) <0 ft' < O O o • in ft ft CO ft IN ft N ft 1 IN • - <• ft 1 s » » i p) u 1 CV N tift CM Vft ® - o «•< 1 i 1 F'- KO 1 lO a 11

IV t)

CM CM 1( i5 1t 11 1 1 1 •rt « 1i K K M K K K 1 if 11 K 1 ^ in O o O r** N N O' O cn 1 ® o o o O 1 M CO p) 1 • ft »n ft CM ft - ft •ft ft 1 • ft ft i 0 i * I 1 <D in lO 9 1 CM 9 CM 1 N 11 N 11 CM eft 11 1 1# ft ! 1 1 1 1 M f•ft » i » Mft 1 »* K M X K if 11 if X if !1 if z 1 O' (V 0> O fO OO CD O p) I IN 9 P» n o O 1 IN 9 f •ft O eft o « in . CD ft < ft - • - ft 1 • ft e i

ft ft

a 1 n? o 1 oo CM S < I 1 1 N iO 1 CM X 11

CM »n 1\ 11 t!

IN •ft j j 1 I t t 1 •w « 1 X M 1 if »( 1 K X if 1 if ! 1 z 1 SD 0^ m O 10 » t o in >0 ® O' 1 « O o o o o 1 ® o ( ® <C o t ft in t >0 ft 10 ft ft ft t

ft ft ft 1ft ft t O

a i 'n

N « N CM CM ( 'O raS IN z 11

CM

n 11

CM I1 11 J

IN !1 1 1 1 1 « •ft •ft •ft M i ~ 1 K X K if K 1 X K X i if 1 z 1 'C «• M> n N 11) •ft o CM 1 n 'C CP o o Q t o 't C3 1

ft (VJ ft ft u> • IN ft ft- ft 1

ft ft ft

V

ft ft 9 o*

u 1 n (M 10

N CO in \ «z 1

«ei ee < X 1\

ro CM 11 11 (

PI » i 1 1 .. M 1 1 M M M » 1 Ml M » - t•ft M •ft •ft

W •• n*ft •ft t K if K if if if 1 if if J8 tif I ^ O CM CO in CM O' IN lO oo 1 '0 9 10 10 m 1 CM o !

ft

W ft ?n ft 'O ft CM ft 1 • ft 9 1 9 ft ft o z ! X* o N o art I CM CM CM » «>: I CO M3 CM

lU 11 CM CM !1 t1

•< t 1 4 •ft M t>ft « 1 K if >e if >« 11 if if 1 K z 1 oj m N PO ftp ID o - 1 • N N e CM f O' O N in

(J » ^ ft ft Oj ft UJ ft to ft «u ft 1 1^ ft w< 9 mt ft 1 «ft ft ft ft o u 1 cc ro CM t V n IM 1 n CO CM in

q: 11

•ft 1 1) n CM 1 1 1 •ft »•« M M •4

M 11 if ftC K 1 if t if if if 1 if { vU O tn CD eft n 10 1 — n 1 CM 10 o o o O { n CO O' O « 1 i') ft n ft ft • ft : • 1 • 0 c 1 9 ft ft O' j ri tf) pM n •ft 1 1 CM n {\ QU 11 41 11 * I4 11 O u> ) O' O' O' O' O' O' O ft Z 1 O' ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft o u 1 ft O' O' c^ O' o o 0* o o 1 O' CM fn in <n ?«• <u (T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o O o u o fj o o w <

ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft < 1 o o o o o o o n o OJ o o Z o (M n 10 '0 N CO c^ z V) ft*

Q

u:

(THI>ou<

Ui

OL<au

•Iu.z

UJU

njw

Q.

y.o

to

tel QO

ill

tr. o»suu

q: I iTi

99
Table 6-1. Age distribution of mobile homes

Year Built Age Year No. of Units % of Total

1970 up to 6 76 77.5

1965 - 69 7-11 21 21.5

1960 - 64 12 - 16 1 1.0

Total 98 100.0

Table 6-2. Comparison of number of years occupied by current

resident for three types of housing

Years Occupied

Number of Units

MH SFA SFD

0-1 18 7 21

18.4% 11.5% 10.5%

2-4 56 24 45

57 . 1% 39.3% 22.5%

5-9 21 12 45

21.9% 19.7% 22.5%

10 - 19 2 5 54

2.0% 8.2% 27.0%

20 - 29 1 10 24

1.0% 16.4% 12.0%

30 - 0 3 11

4.9% 5.5%

Mean 3.5 9.2 10.8

SD 3.3 11.1 10.0

100
Table 6-3. Comparison of occupant density in surveyed housing

SFA SFD MH

Total floor area Mean

Range

sq.ft.

1.600 , 600-4000 -

sq.ft.

2,300

800->5000

sq.ft.

800 . 200-2000 -

No. of occupants

Mean 2.4 3.4 2.4

Range 1-5 1-7 1-4

Average area per sq.ft./ sq.ft./ sq.ft .

/

occupants occupant occupant occupant

670 680 330

1 / — 6 units in size range 400-799 sq. ft., lower limit taken at middle

of range. —

2 / 2 units in size range 0-399 sq. ft., lower limit taken at middle of

range.

101
MOaiLE

HCKES
MU81LE

HCVES

M 1 >«MM

M 1 X 1 X

X

XX

X 1 UJ X (M o 1 M O t O - O o o 1 o O 1 O o o O o o O O o o

lYO 1 • 1 • • • • t • 1 • • • • 1 • o o 1 o t c O o 1 1 if) ® 8 » « 1 eg M N 1 1 CD 1 m 1 1 I -i • 11 1 M 1 M M X X 1 M 1 M X X X X t X 1 O 1 H) O O O o o O O i o O 1 o o o O o o O o o e> o u o • 1 • • • f j • 1 • • • t • I • CM o ! o 1 O i i •• 1 H- 8 S 1 m 1 t 1 - X iSu a: s M O CO ^ «

r)

M

n o o »

•• CM

in

K

o> «o

K

in

K

-* in t I Ml Ml

M

O

O I O

O j OO

M

•w to

M

O

O I m - I ® 0 1 » « i - M

<V)

n

it

r)

M I it I oin I N I fO I M O O

M

O

O

M o o M o o K O C

M

O

O

M

O

O I in 9 • I « I ® I O { N I > I X 1 1 X ( M t1 X

-t Z 1 CM o ® 1 CM mm 1 O o Q • 8 • ! we • • ( • X o 1 tn CM 1 V) 1 mu 1 < a 1 I CM 1 ® 1 mm t u. I( 1 u ! M X 1 X 1 X 1 X z z o O mm mm O' ® 1 fM CM CO O' M u • 0 • # 1 • > o 1 mm 1 01 I 1 8 1 1 I 1 # 1 11 o M X M M 11 M z z CM ( O' O r> 1 (M o o o • CM • 1 mm • 1 • • z o 1 1 n j 1 a <o 1 N 1 1 a 11 11 ! M X 1 X 1 M M r 1 •i« O <r N - 1 o CM 1 o O o • I n f in • - • • 7 ( mm < 1 < I O

UJ ) n 1 ® 1 •4

M 1 M

M 1 X 1 M

M 1 X o <0 mm o o o O 1 o O I a N • N « • 1 • • u O 1 1 1 < 1 1 yj ® 1 1 t - M M M M M M N O 1 rj ® o O o O J • 1 0 • • • ( • J in 8 1 ot t t < 1 I 1I 11 1 M

tN ^0

M

O

O

M o o M o o II fn I - II M

tf)

® Ml Ml

M

f») I CM •« I OO

CM

M

O

O

M I CM I • I CM III CM

M

O

O I } I Ml Ml Ml O O I O o I o O I • I • 3 • I M o o M O O I • I to III O O I O O I I M I O O I M O O M I O O I 9^ M

O

O

M

O

O

M

O

O

M o o O o I O o I o o M o o M O Q I 9» I ^ IIIt -- I • I in I in I o

in Io

inz

CT* CT O' 9*

u < Q* <r 0* O' CM CM fO fO < (XJ 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 z < O O o o o o o < o in o in o in o UJ Q o

CM CM r>

n 5? in z (0 1-

103

TABLE

6-5

ROOM

FREQ.

DIST.

OF

ROOM

AREA

ISQFTJ
MOdlLE

HCMES I

uj z s o o o - X

Ifl

)«

— o

»»

M

O o o

tt o o eg o I O

O I O

M

O

O

M

O

O ItII O I N I M — O

M o o • I I) « I in oM II ® 11 K 1 M 1 H 1 M H 1 K *» • Z 1 •- o CO o 1 N O 1 (li O 1 O O o o ** O 1 O O o o J o 1 • • 1 • 1 • 1 • • • ! • • o 1 in o 1 m t o 1 in I cr 1 1 ^ 1

ip4 i 1 I M I O O II art I «g I I I I H H 1 it 1 »» i X 1 y N in O o mm 1 w O 1 in 1 o O 1 n O' • j O t I mm • • 1 * 1 • 1 o o 1 o 1 N 1 in 1 mm 1 I i 01 a 1 1 < 1 1 i 1 m 1 1 1 1 11 H 11 H K 1 1 1 it 1 f M 1 V N CM in <0 n r) 1 (VI m 1 o ® ! u 1 • • • t • 1 • 1 • i 3 O' 1 o 1 n CO 1 ® ! 1 1 N w 1 n 1 i 1 M O O II ^ I o o I • I ^ * O O 1 o o I in jII ^ I o o M o o K o o K o o « I z ( tt \ o 1 it • N O' o 1 • 1 • o 1 <0 t CO z 1 ^ 1 H m ^ o o o o

»< o o O

O

M I X ^ I o o m I I H i o o I • IIIII I M I o o t t II• . II N I - Oz z « o > o M X K

in ^

in •N

U)

K

W

K

O

O I O o I o M O O I M I o o OO I O o I n I • I • I * in IIII I in I 9» o K 1 H 11 it x t X 1 it M X 11 1 z z fVi « 1 lt> O (V N - l») 1 •• n 1 mm o o mm n 1 M o 1 mm • 1 mm • 1 • • • • • • • t 1 z u N 1 1 -• 1 (VI 1 1 (VI 1 iU 1 a N 1 n 1 1 Q 11 11 11 11 1 1 1 H H X M M X H 11 X ! T o O •« n IT O « 1 « in «« in n ^ I u • 1 • I N • n • 1 - • • f 1 f • • 1 z t n O « )

in

m 1 mm UJ eg n •i* 1 Z 1t 1 1 M >« it it X X j X H X { 1 z o •• O' N 1 <VJ *• o — <u CO o O o o tim N 1 z u • n f • n • • • • • f • 1 H o N. 1 — N N (VI 1 1 < z <V OJ 1 1 (0 1 1 K *< K X K «c it X 1 05 O o in U) O' * N O O O O O o o o o O mm O 1 -J t (V • • • • • • 9 9 9 1 J ri V 1 r> n 1 < « mm -* 1 X t1 I M I O O I • I II in I I «i* I M IIIII N I • I ^ It ^ \I I K I O o I o» • I • I <M I • I UI I ^ 1 Z !IIIIt IM I • I vP II

Si I! SI

104

MEAN +

1.64SD

15.6

23.9

42.4

27.7

10.4

21.0

20.1

10.5

31.1

51.0
MOBILE

HCME 11 X

X

XXX

01 Z 1 M© o o o O o o o o a 1 • • 1 • • « o O 1 o 1 a 1 (V 1 <n 8 1 1 H M X X M • Z 1 m o o O O o o o o o j O 1 ® • 1 • • • M a 8 m 1 H K 1 1 O o M O O

M

O

O

M

«•

O mg i » I « i I - 1 ! « I III • I I M I M O O I •• O M O O I M I « O I - • I S !{8 X 8 O o o

uj <r

CD

X 8 o o I P«

m 1 o • 888II X

<M I/) 8 M 8 M n ir> I a in

H

n ^

08 - 8 H

<0 01 ^ •<M

K ^ 0N

NN

n> •

fiO « 8II M

OO

X

XX

X

X 1 X

X

X 1 X 1 o o o o o - w O o 1 o o (V m N. N ) m (V ! 01 • • t • • 1 • « • ! -4 • e i f 1 O' 1 ® o> ( 01 ! N I ® ® 1 >J z - o z o < cr UL O O I O O I •< <0

in I K

X 1 X

X 1 X 1 X 1 — o o 1 o o n N- 1 Ri •* 1 o « N 1 n CD • 1 » <> • 1 44 • » 1 • 1 « 1 - 1 m -* 1 N - t• « 11 1 " <0 1I N

uz z - o > u

•>

a

-i

H 1 M

O

O I M .4

X I X I X I •4 M I in m I « r) I o

in I X I » w I <M • I ® 1 m

X « CD

X ( o in I m • 8 • O \ O ^ I s o 1 K 8 X X X 1 M 1 K X 1 z 1 rj o o in N oi N ^ fO 1 >0 o >0 O 1 D OJ 1 « m M u • • • • • 1 • •« t • 1 t 1 » • 9 z a - « 1 O' 1 tn 01 t <t 1 IV in a 1 -« 1 !V «x 1 in 1 <v O I 1 I1 1 X X H >« X 1 X 11 X I o O o o o O o o o n «4 in in m 1 O' «0 in <71 n OD u • • t • 1 • 1 • • 1 01 • 1 <r • • 9 O' z “ ! n in m O' 1 in 0 OJ tm lU 1 1 •X OJ <r © XX I 1

>9 >« >eH

X 1 z m 0) o o O X N o O 1 M OJ O' in U) t K O'

m

N •X I u • • • • • • f - • 9 1 O • • 9 u — O' n •iX Ul N N •X < a 1 (V N o 1 M a H N » o o O o — 0* o o o o o O m4 O' ro n n CO J CD • • • • • • • • 9 01 • • 9 o J iti 1 1 OJ «• •X < OJ OJ I 1 1 1 1 p 1

in

O' O' O' O' 0* O' O' 9 z o • • • • • • • 9 O o • O' O' O' O' O' O' O' o o

01

m in « N

© oc 1 8 1 1 1 1 8 J o o U o o u a o O < • • « • • • • 9 9 < K 1 o o o o o o p o Ui o O z o N rn in <0 N 5 a in H

<0 1 in » j 0^ « I

105

TABLE

6-7

room

FREQ,

01

ST,

OF

PERCENT

MOVABLE

F,L.

WITHIN

TWO

FEET

OF

WALL
3TIBOW i

iiJ azQO

q;

XX

X

XR

X

R 1 R 1 X

R

tu z - o o o o o mt

OO o 1 o o -<

O 1 o O

O o w

O

a o • • • • « • 1 • • 1 • • • • o o o o o o 1 o 1 N N a (NJ <NJ (NJ 1 N 1 (M

ifi 11 1 X X X R R X 11 X 1 X 1 X

X • z O o o 1 o o o N o o o mm o o o 1 o O - O

O ro o J n • t • • • • 1 • » 1 • • • • N o o 1 o o o i 1 in * H q: (M 1 n n •« 1 n - D 11 X X X X R X R 1 R 1 X R z (V o o n s < ® (V 1 '0 o m ® 1 in <v O ® ® i o • • 1 < • K 9 \n • •• f 1 • t 1 • • • • O' o o - N 1 •i* N ® I n ^ 1 .. ® 01 mm

UJ

a 1 (M r> OJ 1 n s 11 1 X X X X R X X 1 R 1 R R

>• fVJ >0 o » U) in

N

n

O o 1 tvj

n

O

O 1 OO o O

n

®m o • • 1 • • • • • • i • • • • CM 3 o if) s ® 1 « 1 '0 CM 1 1 N

(/) 11 11 i1 > X X H X X R 1 R 1 R

X

J z o o N 1 U)

® in oo o o 1 o o O

O 1 o O o OK in

®

Mi*

u • • • • • • • * t • • • t - z o CO K s 1 1 in < X n (\J (NJ 1 N

u. 11 o R X R R R X 1 R R 1 R

R z z o o <0 20 in o « N mm 1 o o o O 1 o O o o in CD in o • —

• • fO • • 9 • • 1 • • • f O' > u N - N 1 1 N N M s < n 1 CM

-i 11 o X X X X X X R 1 R 1 R

X z z o o n o r> N in O' >0 o m o 1 1*) O O 1 - >0 - n

N < n

M o • • «« • • • • t t • 1 • • • • z Q N O N N 1 N CM in a n «« 1 n mm o •1 1 X X R X X X R 1 R 1 R X z o o ifl M O' <» < o •m wm o O 0 0(0 o o ^ N oo u • t t < • »VI • 9 • • ( • • • 9 O' z (T O' N 1 vO CM UJ 1 1 n z 11 11 X X 1 X R X X R R 1 X X 1 z OD O' «o OI N in 0) QJ o ^ O 1 (V CM mm in «* z u • • CVJ • • n • mm 9 • • 1 t • • f u rg V o (V in N in <M 1 •* mm o r* •rt < a — CVJ OJ mm 1 mm m 11 11 X X X X X X X R 1 X X

(D o o U) 0* in c\j O'

O

O o o O' 1 o o — O' mm

n OJ j >0 • 0 • • t • • • 1 • • • 9 o j '») rt n 'O 1 mm in •rt < — X 1 i» ' 1 o 1

V)

O'

a O' O' O' O' O' • z • • • t • 9 • 9 o o • c^ (7* o O' O' O' O' o a

CVJ in « N •* cr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 » 1 u o o o o o o O o u Z < • • • • « • • • • < h 1 o o o o o o o o o UJ D o Z o •• <VJ n 4 in >6 N oo z (7) Ui

KJa

106

TABLE

6-8

RCCK

FREQ.

OIST.

OF

PERCENT

FLOOR

AREA

COVERED
MUUILE

HCKES

UJaTOaa o o O - K I X I o I o o i M — o• I O i M I M O O I - I (O ! •* III • X j a - a K * 3 M « O I W I O I • I O I N II M o e K o o ! K O O t O O K O O K O O M I o o \ m (M I O • I Csi

tf> IIII X )1 a o (n •0 ifl X » in LS 11 » •

IT 1

0> *«

UJ cr (E 11 11

»r

4/>

»(

N

O

le o o H o o H o o o o

»« o o ^ ^ * o o • I n I«II CO

X 11 R

X

X

X 11 X

X 11 X

R

R

X

VN

O

N

N (V

nN

n 1 o o 1 o o o o o o o O

O

O in

N

u 1 • 1 • • 9 9 1 9 i 9 1 • • • • • 1 • (V 3 tn CO 1 1) 1 1 1 0 N (\j N 1 1 11 11 11 V X X K X X X X 11 R X R X J X O « <0 - 1 o o o o 1 o o 1 o o o o o o o o o 1 M CJ 9 • • 9 9 9 i 9 • • • 9 9 • -9 s 3 m in in in < a tT) r, 1 u. 11 11 o 1 X 1 >« K X X 1 X X R R R R 1 2 z flO •9 N N N o o 1 •9 4 o o o o o o o o o o o o fH CO in M o • 0 • 9 9 • 1 9 1 • • 9 9 « 1 9 » > u 1 «9 in CM M 3 <0 1 1t 11 11 O X X R X X X !1 X 1 R X X X 1 i: Z <D 1 M O' O O o 1 o o o o o o o o •9 r> o o o o o s M o fvj 9 p9 • . 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 » u tn K 1 1 1 N u> o M a s> fu - 1 1 Q1 X t X X X X X X R X X X T n 1 « n CM Mi 1 p9 o o o 1 o o o O O o o o o o o in « u • • 9 9 1 9 9 9 o 9 9 9 9 1 • . O' z N N t 1 N n

UJO

X

X

X

XX

XX 11 XX

X

X s CJ •9 UJ r> 9 CO o o o o 1 o o o O O o o o o o in in - Z o UV 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 9 K u T' N 4- n - < IX. 0 cy 1 1 r> 11 X X X X X X 1 X R X X X

U)

N o o C7»

O o o o o o o o o O o o o o O' CM oo

m

u 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 o j

••

N Ml in

*x O' I 1111 I I I 1 I I i I 1

V)

9* o o O'

O

It O' o 9 9 9 9 a 9 9 9 o

tAN

(D

•e o 1 1

CM1

CM1 mI 1 o o O O w o 9 9 9 9 1 9 o vO o in 9

mJ9

It9

UJ o in CM CM o o o 0* 2 9 9 9 • O

4- O' c^ o

fO

n 9 X 1 1 1 1 \ -J o o o o O < 9 9 9 9 9 < 1- o in o m Q UJ o o n 9 in z in

107

TABLE

C-9

ROCM

FREQ.

DIST.

OF

MOVABLE

CONTENTS

EQUIVALENT

FIRE

LOAD

fLB/SQFTI
MUDILE

HCweS

X

M 1 XX I R

X

XX

X o o i p« o N o — o O

O 1 o O

O o 1 m^

OO o o O

O

O < in

a • • • • • 1 • • 1 • • • • • • o o o O 1 O 1 N a N CM 111 111 N !1 - - H R R R X ! R X R X 1 R R Z CM O mm o o a» o n o 1 mm o O o o o O o o O O o N in

O • • • • • • f ! • t 1 • • • • CM o o 1 in o in in 1 U) i i in lO x •m (M * 111 111 111 - X R M 1 X X R X R X z n tn » N CM o o CM n m mm w — in ! o o O o 1 o O O o ® o • • » • • • • i • • i • • • • 01 o i - <0 o i 1 N fO a in CM 111 111 - K R R 11 X X R X 11 R X o o r) m rn lO o - CM 1 O o o o o o O o o O O o O' O • • • • • 1 • • t • • • • • CM N 00 Ifl 1 1 n ro - in N 11 - 11 R R R K X X R X X R z o o 1 a o •0 ro N o O 1 o o o o o o O o 1 o o o o N - ® 3 • • • • • 1 • • • • i • • t • - O o n lO 1 1 t o n X in in - i11 111 - R R ** X 1 R X 1 R X 1 R R s CM o o - - m4 o o o o 1 mm -- O o - o O in N in o • 1 t • • • • • 1 • • « • • • o CM 1 - N - o in

(X in * -

>c

X 11 X

X

X

X

R

X * 1 i*> in N m n 1 o o O o o O O o o o O o - • • CM • • • • • 1 • • 1 • # • • u CM in n CM 1 1 N n X N in 111 - w R X 1 R X X X R X

OJO in (7> 01

N o o 1 o O

O o o o o o 1 o o o o m

—

® t • •e • • • • • • • 1 • t • • w» z CM in o n

UJ 111 111 - X >9 R X R X X X X X z CM 1 r) rn in « o 0* in CM o o o o o o o o mm N \Si 1 o • (M • n • • • f>m • • • f • • • • 1 •• V 1 mm 1 f11 - -M fO 11 X X 1 X X 1 X X X X 11 CM CT* 00 o> O N o n (0 o o o o o O 1 o o o o mm c^ N O » 01 • • «» • CM • 9 1 • • • • • • • • 1 o . in <M 1 rj 1 mm 1

-• in IM 1 111 »11 ^ Si

108

TABLE

6-10

RCCM

FREQ.

OIST.

OF

INTERIOR

FINISH

EQUIVALENT

FIRE

LOAD

(LB/SOFTI
MCBJLE

HO<ES

lU X gg

H a

U)

M H

1 1 Ml Ml Ml M M M M M M O O O m4Q|«i0|00|00 O o « O O o o o ! (V O in «

1

• • • 1 • 1 • 1 • • • • • • • 1 O 1 o 1 1 o o a 1 N 1 N 1 1

1 1 1 N 1

1

• X d8

*

3

I M

I O o

M

n o

K

tf) O

M M M M M i O n o - O O O O O 1 • • • • • 1 in in in 1 rt - 1

** I « I O

o I «

M M M

1

1 X

1 M 1 X M 1 X M M X 1

1

1 X o o o N N 1 •* in 00 N 1 9 o o (NJ o «• in o o O o fO 1 «« 1 (0

1 g • • m • O t •*) • • • 9 t • t f 1 • Q 3 (NJ 00 1 m4 (NJ » i (NJ ••A ® ! in mm

UJ X mm

1 in mm 1 m 1 1

A M 1 X M 1 X X X X M X > O o O O 1 « o 00 1*)

I <0 O p* (NJ rvj O o o o O O < 1 CO 1 Q • • • i • • 1 • • • t • • • • (NJ D 1 in ro 1 in * 1 CO n m

H- rvj n ! N N

(0 1

1 1

1

1

1

1

>- X M X X M 1 X M ! M M X X j X O O N in O 1 m (VI 1 - o o o o o o o o o o ® 1 o 1 CO 3 • • • • • • • 1 • • • • • • •m T O N n N 1 in 1 in 1 < a - (NJ n (NJ 1 -•

1 IL 1

1 I

1

1 o M M X X M 1 M M 1 M M M X 1 z I O o m n c^ in 1 <v mm o o o O - o o mm ® 1 in M o * • • (NJ • • • • • • • • • • O' > u e o Ni » 1 N - - 1 'O 1 M X tf) (NJ 1

1

1 U H M X M X X M X X

1

1 4 X m O' O in <r n O o o o O O O o fn wm* (NJ 1 M Q • • • M • • 1 • • 1 • • • • •

1 • 1 z O (V N 1 0> 1 (N| CO CO X (NJ

1 1 1 o 1

1

1

1

1

1

1 M X X

1 M 1 X M I M M X X

1

1 r o 0 <v fVJ o r> in 1 m mm -•n - O O o O o O o - CO u • • • 6 (NJ • 1 • • 1 • • * • •

( • 1 O' z m (NJ

1 N n n 1 - ® in UJ CNJ N i

1 z 1

1 1

1

1 K X X X X X X X M

1 z N 0) V (NJ ’O u> o ^ n — mm N o o mm 1^ ® (n X o • • N • • rn • 1 (\i • • 1 « • • • * • u •n •nl in 1 (NJ o N mm < a •H

1 n N 1 N

CD

M X I X X X X H X X X

- m CT- 1 N N (VI (> n o O O O o o o (NJ O' 0« •H

1 cu

• • in •

1 n • • • • 1 • • • • • 1 o

J P) (7*

1 00 n O' mm < 'NJ mm X

K O' a O' o o o O' O' z

U. o O' • • • • • • • • u

O • • O' 0 O' o 3

lA O' mm ca (NJ r» ro mt X S

QD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mi mJ 1 O O o o o o o o o z < o • • • • 9 • • • • < K

1 f o in o m Q m o in Q oJ o O

• o in mm (SJ (NJ n ro in s; (n h- J

•

u.•

Ui

109

TABLE

6-11

RCCW

FBEC3.

0!ST.

OF

ROOM

TOTAL

EQUIVALENT

FIRE

LOAD

(LB/'SQFT)
MUflILfc

HC^'ES ! X X X X ! X X 1 1 X 1 X X 1

UJ s o o o o o o O *4 o o 1 - o ^ o O

O o O in 2 5

(X o • • 1 • 1 • I • 1 • ! • 1 • • • • 1 • 1 o o 1 o 1 o 1 o o o 1 1 1 a 1 (Si 1 1 1 N 1 CNJ (VJ 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 1 1 11 1 1 H 1 X X K 1 X X ! X X 1 X X 1 11 • X o o ^ o o o o o o o o n o ^ o 1 eg O c^ o CO 1 M 1 O J o • • • • • 1 • 1 • 1 • • • • 1 (St u I \n i U) 1 1 i m 1 o i o in 1 1 a 1 t 1 N 1 i 1 D 1 11 11 11 11 j X X 1 X 1 X 1 1 X 1 X X 11 X X 11 11 z o o o o m m tf) tn in 1 (U 1*) IN 1 U) N o •« 1 CO o • • i • • 1 • • « • 1 K • 1 n * • • I o O o 1 1 1 •• N oo 1 <0 1 N 1 1 ««

tuX 1 1 1 1 n »9 1 1 » o 1 1 11 11 ! ! 11 11 X X 11 X X X X 1 1 X 1 X 11 X X 11 > o o o o (Ni n CVJ n 1 N 1 10 go I 1*) m 1 N (Si 1 fO in o o « eg 1 ^ o • 1 t 1 • • • • 1 • • 1 t • • • 1 (Si o 1 1 0} 1 (0 1 CO 1 O 1 N O' 1 N 1 H 1 1 1 N 1 N 1 1 1 i/i 11 11 11 1• VJ z M o z o < a

u. o o o o o o H

19

N

K

O

OM - I M I N - I • f -• IIII I H I MfON I lO • I <0 I - IIt

tn

V9z s

•- o > oa j X o o K o o X I O O I X I n (vj I • I fO »II X # <v

X o i «« •o I X I • I eo I «M III N (M o in I o o • I •

0> IIII ( m IIII I 1 X 1 X X X X 1 X 1 X X 1 X 1 X z t o o o O 19 m 19 « o 1 O' N in 1 in '0 19 o N mm n a • • • • • 1 t 1 • mm • 1 • • t • < u KSi t N (g 1 < ! o O' 1 mm N X 111 11

*4

N

X mm t11 X 1 X X 11 X X X X X X 1 X 1 o o o O o N O' eg 1 eg N «0 N n f9 o o o O *0

® • • • ! • • r) • r> • - • • 1 t • • O' z 1 eg >0 f9

UJ 111 111 m 1( X X X X X X X X

X

X z o o o o o o t •X r> «• o N mm O' >9 « in GO -• •• o • • • 1 • • •X • mm • N • i tfl 9 f9 • • • u 1 eg N "1 in mm X n 111

eg

XX

X

XX

X

X

XX

X

u o o o mt o O O' O' VX O' 0) in o o O • • 9 • f • • • t O' • • 1 • O ! eg « 1 N mm

eo

110

TABLE

6-12

RCCM

FREQ.

DIST,

OF

INTERIOR

FINISH

FIRE

LOAD/TOTAL

FIRE

LOAD
Table 7-1. Comparison of mean room area (sq. ft.)

Room Type 1 Special Survey Number

2 3 4 Mean Std Dev % of mean

Hallway 66. 58. 51. 50. 56. 7.4 13.

Bathroom 31. 28. 32. 30. 30. 1.7 6.

Kitchen 120. 120. 117. 96. 113. 11.6 10.

Dining Room 108. 140. 117. 120. 121. 13.5 11.

Living Room 216. 252. 216. 204. 222. 20.8 9.

Family Room 216. 216. 162 168. 190. 29.5 16.

Study 168. 99. 180. 144. 148. 35.8 24.

Bedroom 128, 145. 124. 112. 127. 13.6 11.

Utility Room 144. 144. 130. 2/ 139. 8.1 6.

Storage Room 184. 144. 144. U 157. 23.1 15.

Column Mean 138 135 127 116 130 16.6 13

JL/ Mean of 2 family room areas

Not surveyed

111
Table 7-2. Comparison of live load (Ib/sq ft)

Room Type 1 Special Survey Number

2 3 4 Mean Std Dev % of mean

Hallway 1. .4 10. .7 3.0 4.7 157.

Bathroom 9. 12. 12. 21. 13.5 5.2 38.

Kitchen 22. y i6.i/ 40. 43. 30.2 13.3 44.

Dining Room 4. 2.- 10. 7. 5.8 3.5 60.

Living Room 4. 2. 4. 4. 3.5 1.0 29.

Family Room 7. 6. 12. 12. 9.2 3.2 35.

Study 6. 5. 7. 8. 6.5 1.3 20.

Bedroom 3. 5. 5. 6 . 4.8 1.3 27.

Utility Room 4. 9. 11. 3/ 8.0 3.6 45.

Storage Room 5. 6. 10. 3/ 7.0 2.6 37.

Column Mean 6. 6. 12. 13. 9.45 3.97 43.

V Low estimate of cabinet size

2J Buffet not in survey

V Not surveyed

112
Table 7-3. Estimate of Surveyors Error

Teams 1 and 2

Room Type

Special Survey Number

1 2 Mean

Std Error

of Mean

Hallway 1. .4 .7 .3

Bathroom 9. 12. 10.5 1.5

Kitchen 22. 16. 19. 3.

Dining Room 4. 2. 3. 1.

Living Room 4. 2. 3. 1.

Family Room 7. 6. 6.5 .5

Study 6. 5. 5.5 1.

Bedroom 3. 5. 4. 1.

Utility Room 4. 9. 6.5 2.5

Storage Room 5. 6. 5.5 .5

Average 6.4 1.2

Average Ji error 19%

113
Table 7-4. Estimate of Surveyors Error

Teams 3 and 4

Room Type

Special Survey Number

3 4 Mean

Std Error

of Mean

Hallway 10. .7 5.4 4.7

Bathroom 12. 21. 16.5 4.5

Kitchen 40. 43. 41.5 1.5

Dining Room 10. 7. 8.5 1.5

Living Room 4. 4. 4. 0

Family Room 12. 12. 12. 0

Study 7. 8. 7.5 .5

Bedroom 5. 6. 5.5 .5

Average 12.6 1.7

Average % error 14%

114
Table 8-1. Room and closet total live load (Ib/sq. ft.)

Room Type Mean SD Mean + 1.64 SD

Hallway

SFA 3.1 4.4 10.3

SFD 4.7 14.2 28.0

MH 5.7 6.0 15.5

Bathroom

SFA 12.7 8.9 27.3

SFD 12.0 8.2 25.4

MH 12.9 6.7 23.9

Kitchen

SFA 37.7 29.0 85.3

SFD 33.0 23.8 72.0

MH 23.4 12.6 44.1

Dining Room

SFA 11.6 9.5 27.2

SFD 15.9 19.3 31.2

MH 11.5 9.8 27.6

Living Room

SFA 6.

6

4,4 13.8

SFD 6.6 5.0 14.8

MH 5.4 3.1 10.5

Family Room

SFA 11.8 12.8 32.8

SFD 8.2 16.2 34.8

MH 8.4 8.2 21,8

Study

SFA 15.0 11.5 33,9

SFD 18.8 14.9 43,2

MH 10.0 6.2 20,2

Bedroom

SFA 8.3 9.1 23,2

SFD 8.1 5.6 17.3

MH 6.5 3.0 11.4

Basement

SFA 7.4 8.4 21.2

SFD 14.9 56.41/ 107.41/

MH - - - Utility Room

SFA 15.4 14.0 38.4

SFD 13.4 20.7 47.3

MH 13.9 10.4 31.0

Storage Room

SFA 14.8 20.9 49.1

SFD 20.1 32.1 72.7

MH 19.4 16.6 46.6

Other Rooms

SFA 32.9 52.2 118.5

SFD 8.5 8.9 23.1

MH —

—

1 / There was a single, very highly loaded basement in this survey that produced this high SD. If this outlier is neglected, the statistics would be

approximately mean 10.7, SD 10.6, (mean + 1.64 SD) 28.1.

115
Table 8-2. Room and closet total fire load (Ib/sq ft)

Room Type Mean SD Mean + 1.64 SD

Hallway

SFA 6.9 7.7 19.5

SFD 6.0 5.6 15.2

MH 14.9 9.1 29.9

Bathroom

SFA 9.0 8.8 23.4

SFD 8.6 7.0 20.1

MH 20.6 7.3 32.6

Kitchen

SFA 11.3 6.4 21.8

SFD 10.5 5.2 19.0

MH 18.1 5.3 26.8

Dining Room

SFA 10.1 4.8 18.0

SFD 9.9 5.5 18.9

MH 18.1 8.2 31.5

Living Room

SFA 10.8 5.2 19.3

SFD 11.0 6.4 21.5

MH 15.6 6.6 26.4

Family Room

SFA 16.5 11.7 35.7

SFD 13.2 7.8 26.0

MH 16.6 5.0 24.8

Study

SFA 21.2 15.5 46.6

SFD 24.2 15.7 49.9

MH 23.4 5.8 32.9

Bedroom

SFA 12.8 10.3 29.7

SFD 12.2 6.7 23.2

MH 18.3 5.1 26.7

Basement

SFA 9.8 7.4 21.9

SFD 17.0 60.3 115.9

MH - - _ Utility Room

SFA 12.0 12.1 31.8

SFD 11.1 11.4 29.8

MH 20.1 6.0 29.9

Storeroom

SFA 23.3 30.3 73.0

SFD 22.6 33.0 76.7

MH 38.5 24.6 78.8

Other

SFA 25.7 15.5 51.1

SFD 10.7 6.0 20.5

MH

116
Table 8-3. Average fire load of contents and its distribution

with respect to materials (Ib/sq ft) A/

Room Type Wood Paper Plastic Fabric Other Total

Hallway

SFA 0.44 0.74 0.07 0.08 0.01 1.34

SFD 0.43 0.46 0.06 0.07 0.02 1.04

MH 0.28 0.19 0.20 0.06 0.05 .68

Earthroom

SFA 0.78 0.36 0.20 0.11 0.51 1.96

SFD 0.68 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.34 1.44

MH 1.90 0.13 0.50 0.22 0.51 3.26

Kitchen

SFA 3.80 0.46 0.90 0.06 0.14 5.36

SFD 3.74 0.51 0,74 0.04 0.21 5.24

MH 4.63 0.43 0.93 0.04 0.20 6,03

Dining Room

SFA 2.75 0.92 0.45 0.16 0.06 4.34

SFD 2.87 0.43 0.32 0.29 0.01 3.92

MH 3.43 0.93 0.52 0,19 0.00 5.07

Living Room

SFA 2.31 1.20 0.83 0.40 0.00 4.74

SFD 2.12 1.55 0.81 0.33 0.01 4,82

MH 1.95 0.75 0.83 0.36 0.00 3.89

Family Room

SFA 2.15 4.45 1.22 0.31 0.04 8.17

SFD 1.80 2.15 0.52 0.27 0.03 4.77

MH 1.89 1.45 0.85 0.43 0.03 4.65

Study

SFA 2.85 9.16 0.49 0.41 0.01 12.92

SFD 3.56 10.41 0.80 0.40 0.03 15.20

MH 3.09 5.63 0.28 0.43 0.03 9.43

Bedroom

SFA 2.47 1.36 0.35 1.06 0.02 4,26

SFD 2.68 1.43 0.33 1.09 0.03 5.56

MH 2.50 0.74 0.40 0.94 0.02 4.60

Basement

SFA 0.58 1.48 0.22 0.09 0.20 2.57

SFD 1.15 2.71 0.40 0.31 0.18 4.75

MH - - - - - - Utility Room

SFA 1.36 3.31 0.32 1.87 0.31 7.17

SFD 1.38 1.62 0.57 0.33 0.46 4.36

MH 2.41 0.11 0.18 0.50 0.38 3.58

Storage Room

SFA 2.07 3.50 3.91 0.37 0.05 9.90

SFD 1.39 6.76 0.41 0.65 0.12 9.33

MH 1.36 14.41 0.13 0.10 0.00 16.00

Other Rooms

SFA 6.92 2.30 2.75 1.52 0.11 13.60

SFD 1.69 0.87 0.33 0.28 0.03 3.20

MK - - - - - -

\J Actual estimated weights of each material.

117
Table 8-4. Average fire load of interior finish and its

distribution with respect to materials (Ib/sq ft) U

Room Type Wood Paper Plastic Fabric Other Total

Hallway

SFA 2.83 0.23 0.10 1.43 0.00 4.59

SFD 2.90 0.53 0.79 1.52 0.00 4.08

MH 9.83 0.10 0.79 1.52 0.00 12.24

Bathroom

SFA 3.53 0.54 0.21 0.86 0.00 5.14

SFD 3.17 0.53 0.18 0.48 0.00 4.36

MH 11.21 0.23 1.34 0.44 0.00 13.22

Kitchen

SFA 2.68 0.23 0.38 0.08 0.00 3.37

SFD 2.23 0.31 0.30 0.25 0.00 3.09

MH 7.44 0.10 1.05 0.20 0.00 8.79

Dining Room

SFA 2.93 0.18 0.03 1.25 0.00 4.39

SFD 2.91 0.29 0.05 1.03 0.00 4.28

MH 8.36 0.13 0.72 1.11 0.00 10.32

Living Room

SFA 2.53 0.18 0.01 0.98 0.00 3.70

SFD 2.57 0.23 0.01 1.23 0.00 4.04

MH 6.04 0.12 0.62 1.99 0.00 8.77

Family Room

SFA 3.98 0.12 0.28 0.80 0.01 5.19

SFD 3.75 0.16 0.34 0.90 0.00 5.15

MH 6.76 0.09 0.75 1.04 0.00 8.64

Study

SFA 3.71 0.22 0.11 0.98 0.00 5.02

SFD 4.55 0.24 0.13 0.79 0.00 5.71

MH 10.32 0.11 0.85 0.95 0.00 12.23

Bedroom

SFA 3.39 0.20 0.03 0.85 0.00 4.47

SFD 2.96 0.27 0.03 0.89 0.00 4.15

MH 8.51 0.10 0.72 1.23 0.00 10.56

Basement

SFA 3.52 0.05 0.15 0.18 0.00 3.90

SFD 2.84 0.05 0.18 0.14 0.00 3.21

MH - - _ __ Utility Room

SFA 2.65 0.09 0.30 0.06 0.00 3.10

SFD 3.71 0.11 0.24 0.11 0.08 4.25

MH 13.16 0.13 0.73 0.22 0.00 14.24

Storage Room

SFA 4.05 0.21 0.07 1.22 0.00 5.55

SFD 5.03 0.10 0.33 0.10 0.00 5.56

MH 9.71 0.07 0.80 2.09 0.00 12.67

Other Rooms

SFA 7.96 0.17 0.18 0.57 0.00 8.88

SFD 4.66 0.20 0.22 0.47 0.00 5.55

MH - - _

^/Actual estimated weights of each material.

118
Table 8.5. Average room and closet total fire load and

distribution with respect to materials (Ibs/sq ft) 1.1

Room Type Wood Paper Plastic Fabric Other

Hallway

SFA 2.73 0.94 0.15 2.24 0.10

SFD 2.87 0.71 0.36 1.94 0.03

MH 9.11 0.40 0.95 1.77 0.05

Bathroom

SFA 4.20 0.88 0.40 1.22 0.51

SFD 3.79 0.69 0.31 0.77 0.35

MH 12.62 0.35 1.77 1.07 0.51

Kitchen

SFA 6.07 0.65 1.19 0.13 0.13

SFD 5.81 0.87 1.01 0.29 0.23

MH 11.64 0.54 1.92 0.31 0,19

Dining Room

SFA 5.52 1.07 0.46 1.42 0.06

SFD 5.71 0.74 0.37 1.34 0.01

MH 11.67 1.05 1.24 1.39 0.02

Living Room

SFA 4.61 1.33 0.79 1.48 0.00

SFD 4.63 1.77 0.81 1.63 0.01

MH 7.90 0.89 1.45 2.39 0.00

Family Room

SFA 5.99 4.48 1.48 1.19 0.06

SFD 5.40 2.37 0.87 1.29 0.05

MH 8.13 1.45 1.56 2.16 0.03

Study

SFA 5.74 8.63 0.52 2.25 0.01

SFD 7.27 9.97 0.90 1.82 0.03

MH 11.50 5.27 0.99 2.32 0.05

Bedroom

SFA 5.16 1.48 0.35 2.90 0.02

SFD 5.07 1.67 0.33 3.09 0.03

MH 9.89 0.82 1.02 3.12 0.02

Basement

SFA 4.04 1.52 0.36 0.27 0.19

SFD 3.95 2.79 0.57 0.46 0.19

MH - - - - - Utility Room

SFA 3.85 3.55 0.62 1.97 0.42

SFD 4.94 1.74 0.84 0.59 0.56

MH 14.91 0.23 0.91 0.85 0.36

Storage Room

SFA 5.98 3.63 3.88 1.90 0.05

SFD 6.24 6.68 0.73 0.99 0.12

MH 9.84 12.87 0.82 3.08 0.00

Other Rooms

SFA 13.86 2.30 2.73 2.26 0.10

SFD 6.14 1.03 0.56 1.18 0.09

MH - - - - -

1./Actual estimated weights of each material.

119
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APPENDIX A

A useful sfafisflc is the load that includes 0.95 or some other fractile

level of the loads that may be expected if every house were surveyed. The

usual procedure would be to fit a probability distribution function to the

data and determine from the corresponding cumulative distribution function

the 0.95 fractile loads. If the data were distributed according to the

normal probability distribution the 0.95 fractile floor load would be given

by (mean + 1.64 SD) .

The current recommendation of the International Council for Building

Research (CIB) and others [l9,20] is to use the statistic (mean + 1.64 SD)

as an approximation to the 0.95 fractile load. This approximation 'is strictly

correct only for a normal distribution. Sentler's [5,13] residential load

survey data on live loads were better approximated by a log normal distribution

than by a normal distribution. A check was made to find the corresponding

fractile points for a presumed log normal distribution for a range of average

loads of from 5 to 20 Ibs/sq. ft. and a range of coefficients of variations

ranging from 0.5 to 2.0. For these data the fractile points in the log

normal distribution were calculated for the load values corresponding to

(mean + 1.64 SD) . For the (mean + 1.64 SD) the corresponding fractile points,

assuming a log normal distribution, ranged from 93.3% to 96.3%. Thus there

is reasonable confidence for this engineering approximation to the .95

fractile load.

A-1
1
APPENDIX B — INSTRUCTIONS AND SURVEY FORMS

B-1
INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS FOR FILLING OUT THE RESIDENTIAL LOADS SURVEY FORM

The form is based on the following sequence:

Initially list the house type and address of the occupant on the first

page (G-1)

.

Questions 1 through 16 on the "HOUSE" form (G-2,3) list some

characteristics of the house or mobile home.

On the "ROOM" form (R-1,2,3,4) questions 1 through 14 list specific

room characteristics.

The balance of the forms list specific classes and items of loading

that may be found in a particular room, together with descriptors that

will enable the room loads to be estimated. These forms include tables,

case goods, kitchen cabinets, beds, upholstered furniture, chairs,

contents, appliances, plumbing and heating, miscellaneous and survey

report.

On the first page of the survey form (G-1) , the first 6 squares identify the

house. This I.D. is repeated on the "HOUSE" form (G-2) and is called

"HOUSE I.D." . The same 6 blocks plus blocks 7, 8, 9 and 10 from the "ROOM"

form are repeated at the top of each load item form in a particular room.

The survey for a house will include response to questions 1 through 16. Note

that a house is described as A - attached (town houses) , D - detached/semidetached, M - mobile home. "A - Attached" means all row or town houses

including the end unit of a row house. "D - Detached" means all detached

and semi-detached houses. Semi-detached are two houses that share a common

party wall. "M - Mobile" means any mobile home. Question 16 will be filled

in from county records after the house is surveyed.

In questions 1 and 2, blocks 7, 8, 9 and 10, 11, 12 respectively: the length

of the house is the dimension from front to back of the house, the width of

the house is the dimension parallel to the front of the house. For mobile

homes the main entrance is on the front wall of the house. Note, by this

definition the house may be wider than it is long.

Under question 3 "exterior finish" there are 2 blocks for the reply. If

there is only one major exterior finish, put the appropriate number in

block 13 and leave block 14 blank. If there are two exterior finishes

match the more extensive in block 13 and the less extensive one in block 14.

B-2
On each floor of the house make a rough sketch to approximate scale showing

the relationship of the rooms to each other. This sketch should not be a finished drawing as it will only be used to identify the house layout.

The method of numbering floors is to call the lowest accessible level of the

house Floor 1 and to number the floors sequentially upwards. This method is

also used for split level houses. The details are shown on the attached

sketch.

Each room of the house will have one *' ROOM" form, one or more sets of the

"WALLS” form, and as many of the subsequent load item forms that are

necessary to list the items in a particular room. For example, the survey

report for a room that doesn't contain any beds should not include the form

for beds (form 04) . Use as many forms as necessary to report all the loads

of a particular class in each room. All numbers should be right- justified

in the blocks and leading zeros filled in; for example, the number 2 is

entered as 0 2 or 0 0 0 2.

Room Items

NOTE: The occupant may not want particular rooms surveyed. In this case,

include the " ROOM" form but put "999" for the response to question 1

(columns 7, 8, 9) and leave the rest of the form blank.

Metho^ o f numbering rooms - The "Room Number" is tied in to "Room Type."

For example, the first "Hallway" surveyed should be numbered "1," the second

should be numbered "2," etc. Similarly for bedrooms, the first bedroom will

be bedroom number 1, the second will be bedroom number 2, etc. It doesn't

matter which room of a type is called room 1 or room 2, etc., but don't give

two rooms the same number, or one room two numbers.

In question 2 "Room Size;" the room length, blocks 12 and 13, the length of

the room is the dimension parallel to the length of the house; the room

width, blocks 14 and 15, is the dimension parallel to the width of the house.

Note, by this definition the width of a room may be greater than its length.

Question 7 numbering walls. When numbering a room, the wall parallel to and

closest to the front of the house is numbered 1. The remaining walls are

numbered clockwise 2, 3, 4. Maintain this sequence of numbering the walls

for each room. Show these numbers on the room sketch.

^All sketches are at the back of this instruction sheet.

B-3
On question 10 a wall may be described as full, partial or open. A full

wall is one that extends from floor to ceiling and may have doors and

windows in it. A partial wall is an archway or a wall that extends only part

way along the side of the room, other kinds of partial walls are called room

dividers. An open wall means no wall, this condition exists in some room

arrangements where the dining room and living room are adjoining or an

L-shaped arrangement of adjoining rooms which generally will be classified

as two rooms. In the case of an L-shaped room in which the "L" is an alcove

use your judgment; either class it as two rooms, or include the material in

the main portion of the room, or report the room dimension as slightly

larger than actual so as to include the area of the "L" or alcove.

Question 12 "Wall Finish." Note that there are 2 squares for the response.

If there is only one wall finish, or if the second wall finish is less than

about 10% of the wall area, fill in the first block called "Major" and leave

the second called "minor" blank. If there is more than one finish on the

wall, indicate the more extensive one in the first block and the next one in

the second block. Note that wall finish is the surface treatment. Do not

confuse this with construction which is described in question 11.

Question 13 "Number of windows." If adjacent windows of the same size share

a frame, they are to be shown as one window. If they are separated by at

least 12 inches of wall, they are to be shown as two or more windows. The

height of the window is the bottom to top dimension, the width is the

horizontal dimension of the window, the height above the floor is the

distance from the floor to the bottom of the window. These measurements are

to be made inside the frame.

Individual windows in a wall should be listed beginning with window No. 1

and continuing to window No. 3 as necessary. If two or more windows in the

wall are similar the description should be listed under window No. 1 only.

The number of similar windows that have been described under window No. 1

is placed in block 31. Note that block 31 is used only if window No. 1

describes several similar windows. Block 31 is not the total number of

windows unless all windows are similar and described under window No. 1.

In the case where there are more than three different window sizes in one

wall, group the windows that are closest in size under window No. 1 using

average dimensions. Note that the space for window No. 1 may describe one

or more windows but the spaces for windows No. 2 and No. 3 may only describe

one window each. In no case should more than one form be used per room.

B-4
Question 14 "Doors." List as a door any door opening whether or not there

is a door in the space provided for it in the wall. Indicate whether the

I door is hollow, solid or panelled. A hollow door will sound hollow when it

is rapped lightly with your knuckles. See attached sketch showing door types.

I A sliding glass door is considered a "solid" type with material of "glass."

Similar doors should be handled in the same manner as similar windows with

[j block 56 used only if more than one similar door is described under door

No. 1.

i Form W1 Walls

This form is a continuation of the "Room" form. It is divided into two parts,

A and B. Part A deals with the closet size and locations. Part B deals with

the wall ornamentation such as mirrors, pictures, paintings, drapes, etc.

Unlike the room form where the order of the walls is fixed on the form, any

j of the four columns on the form may refer to the same wall.

i

(

f On some wall forms blocks 12 and 13 may be blank. If this is the case place

1 a "W" in block 12 and "1" in block 13.

!

' Load Items

A live load item is any object that is not part of the permanent structure.

[ For each load item in a particular room the first group of questions that

1; precede "item identifier" are the same on each form and must correspond to

I the first 10 blocks on the "Rooms" form for that particular room. This

I identifies the room and house where the item is located.

Item I.D., blocks 11 and 12, will be printed on the form. Each load item

form has three columns for listing up to three distinct load items of the

same type in the same room. At the end of the form is a question "Number of

identical units this sector . " If there is only one item in a particular

sector put a "1" in this block, if there are more than one identical items

in a particular sector , put the number of such items in the block.

There is one set of questions for each load item classification. The first

question is class type. If the class type does not exactly describe the

item, either indicate the closest class type or indicate "other" and write

in your descriptor.

Weight Class ; Use your judgment to determine if the furniture is light,

medium, or heavy. Expensive furniture is usually heavier than lower priced

B-5
furniture. Though this requires a subjective opinion, some trials have

shown that most people can estimate this fairly closely with some practice.

Attached are photo copies of some furniture items in each weight class.

The subsequent entries describe the size, material and location of the item.

On forms for tables, case goods, kitchen cabinets and built-ins, upholstered

furniture, chairs and appliances there appears a "Material List." The numbers

in this "Material List" apply to the next questions about materials that are

on different parts of the load item. Please note that for "other" materials,

write in the descriptor in the indicated places.

Proximity to wall . For the purposes of the survey the room is divided into

5 sectors. The first 4 sectors are the areas that include the wall and

24 inches in front of the wall; the 5th sector is the middle of the room,

that is, everything more than 24 inches from the walls. For materials that

extend into corners, include this with the wall. Each wall sector is

separated into two parts; 0-6, "and 7" to 24. This is to locate those items

that are actually against the wall. The proximity to the wall is the distance

from the wall to the closest side or edge of the load item. See attached

sketch

.

Percent within 24 inches of wall . Large pieces of furniture such as beds,

sofas, tables, etc. may be partly in the wall sector and partly in the

middle sector of a room. The question will allow the loads to be separated

by sector.

For beds the following table of percentages within 24 inches of the wall may

be used where one or top sides are directly against a wall. For beds that

are not within a few inches of the wall the percentage should be calculated

for the particular configuration.

B-6
Head Board Only

Against the Wall

Side of Bed Only

Against the Wall

Head Board and

Side Against the Wall

(Bed in a corner)

Twin

39" X 75" 25% 50% 75%

Full

54" X 75" 25% 50% 50%

Queen

60" X 80" 25% 25% 50%

King

78" X 80" 25% 25% 50%

Furniture Location . This identifies the part of the room the item is

located. If any part of an item is within 24 inches of a wall, indicate the

wall number. If an item is completely within the middle sector, indicate

Number of identical units within this sector . Appears at the end of each

group of questions that describe a load item. Its purpose is to reduce the

amount of work to fill out the form. To use this sim.ply put in the number

of identical units that are in the same room sector. For example, if there

are 2 identical tables against the same wall, mark 2 in this space; if only

1, mark 1.

Form 01 Tables

In question 1. Class Type "Pool." There are 2 types of pool tables,

calibrated and regular. Calibrated pool tables have a slate top under the

felt. Calibrated pool tables are to be marked "heavy"; regular pool tables

are to be marked "medium." If you see a pool table, either ask the occupant

if it is calibrated or knock on the surface.

Enclosed cocktail tables should be listed on form 02 "case goods" as chests

and desks.

" 5 . "

B-7
Form 02 Case Goods

i

1 Case goods is a general trade term to describe any piece of furniture that > resembles a case or box. This includes buffets, cabinets, pianos, bureaus,

j dressers, bars, wardrobes, etc. Trunks and boxes should be listed on form 10 i "miscellaneous." In question 1, Class Type, a "room divider" may be a fixed

or movable item. This may also be partial wall that extends from the floor j upwards for a height of only a few feet and may be topped by a wood, plastic,

or screen. If the room divider serves the function of wall, mark it as a , wall in question 19 through 33. If it has shelving for books, papers, [ bric-a-brac, etc., mark it as case goods.

Under questions 2, 3, and 4, the dimensions of the case good item include

| the overall size of the storage part, and should not include the space occupied j by the legs or mirror. The remaining questions are similar to those on the | previous form. Shelving comes in two main styles. The first is essentially j a piece of case goods without a front. The second is a set of individual I shelves that are hung from poles, a wall, or from a room divider. In the 1 first case give the overall dimensions. In the second case give the

dimensions of one shelf and mark the number of shelves in question 12 "number )

I of identical units this sector." j

I

I Under question 5-weight class grand pianos are "heavy"; all other pianos are i "medium. " Organs and electric pianos should be placed on Form-10

"Miscellaneous."

Form 03 Kitchen Cabinets and Built-ins

This item includes all beds except daybeds, hide-a-beds and trundle beds

which are included with upholstered furniture. Occasionally you may come

across an old fashioned trundle bed which is a slightly elevated double or

single bed which also had a trundle bed of almost the same size; in this

case report this as two beds but only report one headboard and footboard.

If there is no headboard skip the questions on weight class and material of

the headboard and footboard.

Form 05 Upholstered Furniture

This classification includes most living room type furniture and benches.

Individual chairs that are lightly cushioned or padded, such as most dining

room chairs, should be listed with "Load item 06 Chairs." If they are

heavily cushioned or padded on form 05. In each case the length is the

B-8
outside length of the chair, the width is the outside distance front to back

and the height is the distance of the top of the back of the chair above the

floor. Hide-a-beds and recliners are classed as heavy, wicker and light

metal frames are classed as light, all other upholstered furniture are classed

as medium.

Form 06 Chairs

This category includes plain and padded chairs but excludes upholstered

chairs, footstools, ottomans, and bean bag chairs which are included in

"Form 05 Upholstered Furniture."

Form 07 Contents of Drawer, Shelf, Cabinet or Closet

This form is designed to list a wide variety of drawer, cabinet, shelf, and

closet contents and miscellaneous clutter. For reporting the miscellaneous

clutter may be grouped into several piles: one pile for each material in

each of the room sectors. Use as many of these forms as are necessary to

list the contents. For closed drawers, cabinets, and closets ask the resident

what the contents are, and indicate on the form whether or not you have

actually been able to examine the contents or have taken the data from the

resident. Under question 6-Weight class loose papers are "light," paperback

books and board papers are "medium" and hardback books are "heavy." Also

under question 6-Weight Class pistols are "light" and rifles and shotguns

are "medium," For other types of guns give the estimated weight in "remarks."

Under question 7-Height the actual height of the pile should be used and not

the size of the container.

For degree of compaction, 100% indicates filled or pressed tight, while 25%

indicates a loose, or scattered pile.

Form 08 Appliances

For countertop ranges; the class type is "1 - stoves and ranges," the style

is "2 - built-in," the length and width will be the countertop dimensions

and the height will be between 3 and 10 inches. Under questions 3 "Built-in

but also free standing" this refers to appliances such as cabinets, ranges

that may be built-in or free standing. Fish tanks are included with this

form.

B-9
Under question 1 "class type" for televisions use the following numbers

05 - black and white (portable)

25 - color (portable)

35 - console TV (all)

Under questions 3 and 4 give length and width of all appliances. Under

question 5 "height" give height in inches for all appliances except those

listed below. For the following appliances give the capacity as indicated

instead of height. Note that height should be given for console TV's and

screen size for portable TV's.

Refrigerator/Freezer - capacity in cu. ft.

Portable TV - screen size (diagonal measure) in.

Air conditioner - rating (Btu)

Dehumidifiers/Humidifiers - capacity in pints

Form 09 Plumbing ^ Heating and Related Items

This forin includes sinks, bathroom fittings, furnaces, water heaters and

purifiers, water pumps, etc. The form does not distinguish directly between

gas, oil or coal furnaces, but note under "materials" gas furnaces will

generally be made of sheet metal while other furnaces may be made of either

steel or cast iron. In remarks, for items identifiers 5 through 8 (furnaces

to water pumps) give the brand name, model and rating or capacity of the

item.

Form 10 Miscellaneous

This form is for anything that cannot be included under any of the other

load specifications. For this survey indicate the name, type, size, material,

etc. of the item. Be clear and brief. Your answers will be used to redesign

this load form. For a group of similar items, such as toys, give the total

weight.

Under question 2 "material" construct a block and number it 58. Put a "1"

in block 58 if the object is resting on the floor or a "2" if the object is

resting on top of another object which is being listed separately. Blocks 45

to 57 should be left blank.

4

I

B-10
Survey Report

After the survey is finished, fill out the Survey Report. The question

"Would the resident allow one more survey team to visit their house," should

only be asked after the survey has been completed.

Things to Watch Out for in Filling Out the Forms

1. Number outside walls on all floor plans.

2. Number rooms on floor plan corresponding to the room numbers on the

forms

.

3. Check that there is a set of forms for each room.

4. Check for partial wall correlation between adjacent rooms.

5. Check for door correlation between adjacent rooms.

6. Check wall numbering and the instructions for reporting doors and

windows

.

7. Check for closet doors.

8. Check for the existence of a contents form for each closet, desk,

dresser, shelf, etc.

9. Check all dimensions for obvious errors.

10. Check that the item is specified when the category "other" is used.

11. Check that all necessary blocks are completed.

12. For shelves, drapes or other items on the walls form that are greater

than 99 inches in length divide the length of the item in half (or as many pieces as necessary) and show two (or more) identical units.

13. Sliding glass doors are solid doors made of glass.

B-11
SURVEY

FORM

SINGLE

FAMILY

HOUSING

I s o «

«

W X 3

iA * $ 2

tv & & V> K X 9 S" 2“

. j ^ j o > s X o • e U ,1

"i ^

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pibO U JH

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d

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d= d=

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m X ^ Ji je: •-* c « 9COCOCOCO u p ji w cr I I t I c: o u «0tfC0iJHX=>UJ0CO

m

3 i I I I I I I I I as«HeM(n-4’«nNor^ooo\

&B

B-12

Structure

Originally

Built,
Nuober

of

Occupant s

(Include

Children &

Infants) I I I

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B-13

What

la

present

assessed

house

valueT_
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c

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ss <A w

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=• o

c

c:

c

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c

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=

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B-15
<N

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on

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UOSCMMttHJCJOtf

I I I I I I I I 1 I I UpHCM<n'4ins9r^a09^-<«QUQW

B-16

Fireplace

Other
II

» c . c = c

51 „n " c

57 n

mi os 53 n_

56 Q_

1"

24"

of

Wall

c

o

•H 4 U U O ^

-ri^ I u

I u

rTM c m I u

2= J vO <M W

>>

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B-17

Other
Material

Sides

and

Front

Other

52 n

ss u8S u61 n64 _

67

51 r\ . c57 ri 09 63 n

66

50 n53 ri 56 TL_ 59 n_62 D_65

fM

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of

wall

co

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as

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B-18

Other
* d

o

c

37 ri " c- rt

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39 n3 ;

35 n_

38 n' C'

A" 2

A"

of

Wall

a

o

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s d

co : «B W S •4' X « CM

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B-19

I
I

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44 n_= C‘

o

c

c

Jl 1

l/> 1 as = c« c. Q

54 n

N

\n 09 63 n

66 n

69

' c

56

i"

of

Wall

1

1<T*

c

s

(D *J s

<

65

he

floor?

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I66

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B-20

REMARKS
Percent

within

24"

of

wall

o a° OH"

C' D

11 = C'

(lilt

•H C4 O 0>

4> iH M r-l rH »H ^ *0 3 #H «H »H .H «0 4 0) CQ <H 3 3 » at s

W I I I I I

lay f-< CM ^ u-l

OO

I m

OJ

hO •M

[1 =

« 00 0) c 0*0 V

•H •H 4-( O «-i O ^

U

0} I I I I I I I •wj«-Hrsjr%-sT4AN£>r^

(Q e

4J 3 ^ U -C -H J> 00 t) <0

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00 •Hilt 01 3c fH <N m

C

C

25 n26 n

31 Q

HZ

|V

r«i 0£

26 29 n

CO

•H«

eJ *H U 4> M

r-i *J 1-i J3 « M ^’acQaiJ4J^oi 0)O*4(0^<0U^ •HO«<H«4»'HU

0) 4J I I I i t I 1

M Ki 01 0> w x:

<0 4J X o

V x:

ft 4J X o

^ x: 5S

•H O >

B-21

More

than

^4
Figure

B-9

kitchen

cabinets

and

built-ins

55 _n

58 rn = c

= c= c60 n

53 n95 59 n

i"

24"

of

Wall

C

o

00 4JCw

id u o o ^ u

u O

G m o m o

« O CM to tH

cu o *- CM CO <r

•H CM <n «

4J « fO « ' •H » » :s 3 ;

I CM C*^ lO

11 =

C

c

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a, u u u ^ 4> (U O H a d o

o. o w

u) :3 _i (k. «

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id o 0) 4J (d o X

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0) 4J i I i 1 I I id S2 iH CM <n •4' m vp

4J j:

id u X o

5 Cs

4^ X 4 4J £ O

B-22

1

Material

Shelves^

Other
f

•H

-BI “ = O n^O

11= C' [I~C =

E-E^E- 1 ^ ^ " o Cs C-.

U £ *H «o*d

*H 0> £ _] X : to

•H t I $ r-4 eg «

c

o s «

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c ^

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I C = C;

C=

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g g 4 •H g fa

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UU</> 0 i->t/)t/)0

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B-23

Plastic

7

-

Foodstuffs
52 _n . c 56 LJ 19 64 _n 67 70

IS 54 n 57 n LT^

09 63 n66 _n_.

69

OS 53

)

Wall

1 56

m

24"

lin

24"

of

Wall

1

1 59

icatlon

1

1

62

Sector

lentlcal

Units

i—

i

tctor

1

1

65

1

on

the

floor?

I

I

66

u u « V w JS ss

>su O O «

4> M O

6 (O O 4> O CM iTl fH U

^ I I I I I «

Pm O tH CM fO •»»•

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S I I I I I 3h f-t ol <n sf (D

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c

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B-24

Material

Sides

Other
Q

Cc-

= c

c

c

C:

I “

= [:*

u ^ ^

C3 tn o m o 4J O CM in r«v ,H ob 1 I I I I

4J »H CM m (U

*0 fH O *H rH ,H iH -o O *H rH iH «H *0

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3 rH CM cn 'fl- m

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q(

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aM - . . o ta 0) t: Oh &<

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a. ui o>'a<Q(>iMk-tM ^rHCC<U«0<l>

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60 ’U (Q

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ft (0 M

(0 .H M U

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. U 0> 0) CO 6)

\ U ^ O 0 JZ

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I CU b CO Pu. o

Dt

Cc O = <

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B-25
B-13

miscellaneous

I

o

!

f

O r 0)

4J r ,c sc

>NU o O 01

'p4 4J 4J ^

e o

•H o S

Oi r-J fO

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0) o

O rH M f-l fH

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:s rs 9 ^

I CNj r> 4A

I

B-26

Middle

Sector
f

B-27
tl

B-28

Figure

B-15

HOUSE

TYPES
B-29

Figure

B-l6

HOUSE

SHAPES
Figure B-IT

METHOD FOR NUMBERING FLOORS

NOTES: I. THE LOWEST LEVEL OF THE HOUSE

IS FLOOR I.

2. ONLY ACCESSABLE FLOORS ARE

NUMBERED.

B-30
WALL

2

WALL I IS THE WALL CLOSEST AND

PARALLEL TO THE FRONT OF THE HOUSE.

THE SHADED AREAS CAN BE INCLUDED IN

ANY CONVENIENT AND APPROPRIATE SECTOR

METHOD OF NUMBERING WALLS AND SECTORS

Figure B-l8

B-31
•V'

N\\Wi ’

UAW

1 k

' W'' .3 K''. n\\i

r

i

I

I

t

<• T ^ ^

w Sia^-d '• '\ \ I ^ ml.X ^ K I

I It i-»r1

I pOTO®i ! r

^ s:

I RC'T33e

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i r>; iT' ' '

1 ' am V , Ta3so.io j4Avr'^"sn 1 jj

. 3f'T 4pT jijJAflAq

,: 03«U4CH11 3e t'Ao rjy^sZ

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en'' r:v:3c jv>A e.'j otiiP >af40A‘'^TO»'-

f

r

/',
APPENDIX C

Example of Use of Transfer Functions

The procedure for reducing the survey form descriptions to equivalent

live loads and fire loads is straightforward. The partial live and fire

loads corresponding to the descriptions for each finishing item are first

calculated and summed for the individual items. Next, the live and fire

• loads for the individual items are applied to the appropriate room sector.

Lastly, the live and fire loads for each sector and room are summed to give

total sector and room live load and fire load. The fire load is divided

into five material classifications: wood, paper, plastic, fabric, and other.

An example for a single room from a survey is given below to illustrate

the procedure. The survey forms are shown on figures C-1 to C-7. The room

is a dining room in a single-family residence in the Washington metropolitan

area. The calculations shown below are a simplification of the actual

calculations which were made by a computer program.

Room Finish and Trim

On the first page of the Rooms form, figure C-1, item 3, the floor

finish is material "4", carpet/rugs, and the item 4 entry indicates it covers

the entire floor. Item 5 shows the room trim is wood, and item 6 shows that

the ceiling finish is paint.

The first step is to convert the room finish, carpet and trim materials

into equivalent live loads. The second step converts these into equivalent

fire loads. Note that the finish and trim are included with the fire load,

but are not included with the live load.

Floor finish

From table 4-1, material 4 weighs 1 lb per sq. ft. Table 4-12 indicates

that all of this load is fire load and is classed as fabric. The fire load

must now be distributed among the sectors.

C-1
Dimension Area

Transfer

Function Weight

Fire Load

Transfer

Function

Fire

Load

ft sq ft lbs lbs

Sectors 1 & 3 11 x 2 X CM II 44 X 1 = 44 X 1.00 = 44

Sectors 2 & 4 (14-4) x 2x2 = 40 X 1 = 40 X 1.00 n o

Total wall sectors 84 84

Middle,

Sector 5

(11-4) X (14-4)= 70 X 1 = 70 X 1.00 = 70

All this weight of carpet is classed as fabric.

Trim

Item 5 on the Rooms form figure 4-!

table 4-1, the load function for "trim,

per linear ft and from table 4-12 "trim

load per lineal foot is the same as the

calculation below, note that wall 1 is

side of the room.

Transfer

Length X Function

ft

Wall Sector 2 9 x 2.5

3 14 X 2.5

4 11 X 2.5

1 "trim" is material 1 (wood) from

material 1" gives the load in lbs

material 1" the equivalent fire

load per lineal foot. In the

open"

,

i.e. there is no wall on that

Load

Fire Load

Transfer

Function Fire Load

lbs lbs

22.5 X 1 = 22.5

35.0 X 1 - 35.0

27.5 X 1 = 27.5

Total 85.0

C-2
Ceiling Finish

From teble 4-1, "ceiling finish 2 - paint" has a fire load of 0.2 lbs

per sq. ft. and table 4-12 classes this as wood/paper. This fire load must

be distributed among the sectors.

Dimension Area

Load

Transfer

Function Wt

Fire Load

Transfer

Function Load

ft sq ft lbs lbs

Sectors 1 & 3 11 X 2 X 2 40 X .2 = 8.8 X 1 = 8.8

Sectors 2 & 4 (14-4) X 2 X 2= 40 X .2 = 8.0 X 1 = 8.0

Total wall sectors 84 16.8 16.8

Middle

Sector 5 (11-4) X (14- 4) = 70 X .2 14.0 X 1 = 14.0

Walls Figures

The fire loads are obtained by first considering the wall materials and then

considering the windows, doors and wall hangings. First the fire load from

the wall materials listed in figures C-2 and C-3 is calculated.

Wall 1 is classed as "open" and so has no fire load.

Wall 2, 3 and 4 are full walls and are paint on gypsum board. Wall 3 has a large wood frame window, and so the area of the window is first subtracted

from the area of the wall and the weight of the wood framing is added as fire

load.
Dimension Area

Load

Transfer

Function

Fire Load

Transfer

Function

Fire

Load

ft sq ft lbs

Sector 1

Wall 1 None

Sector 2 Wall 2 9 X 10 90 X .2 = 18 X 1 = 18.0

Sector 3 Wall 3 (14x10)- (8x10) = 70 X .2 = 14 X 1 = 14.0

Sector 4 Wall 4 11 X 10 110 X .2 22 X 1 = 22.0

Windows

The window on Wall 3 (Sector 3) is included in Sector 3, see figure 4-9.

From tables 4-1 and 4-12, the applicable fire load is:

Dimension Area

Load

Transfer

Function Load

Fire Load

Transfer

Function Load

in sq in lbs lbs

96 X 120 _ 11520 O U) 345.6 X o

1

—

1

345.6

Doors

The doorway in Wall 2 contains no door, therefore no fire load for this

item.

Part B - Wall Hangings

The survey form indicates that there are wall hangings on walls 2, 3,

and 4 that are to be included in the fire load for the room. Wall hangings

are included with the appropriate wall sector loads.

C-4
Wall 2 has two pictures. Wall 3 has drapes and Wall 4 has one picture

From tables 2 and 13 the fire loads for these items are as follows:

Wall 2^

Dimensions Area

Load

Transfer

Function Load

Fire Load

Transfer

Function

in sq in lbs

30 X 40 1200 .021 25.2 1.0

18 X 14 252 .001 .252 1.0

Total 25

Wall 3

Note that there are 2 drapes marked on the form.

Dimensions Area

Load

Transfer

Function Load

Fire Load

Transfer

Function

in sq in lbs

60 X 96 X 12 11520 X .007 = 80.64 X 1.

Wall 4

Dimensions Area

Load

Transfer

Function Load

Fire Load

Transfer

Function

in sq in lbs

16 X 28 448 X . 021 — 9.41 X 1

9

In figure 4-10 the larger picture is described as "oil. painted canvas

the smaller picture is described as "photograph". These two pictures

different load factors.

Fire

Load

lbs

25.2

.252

5 lbs

Fire

Load

lbs

80.6

Fire

Load

lbs

9.4

and

have

C-5
Tables

From tables 4-3 and 4-14, the weight and fire load of the dining room

table listed in figure C-4 having wood top and legs is given by^^:

Dimensions Volume Transfer Function Load

in cu. in lbs

84 X 46 X 33 127512 (127512 X .0013) - 5.6 = 160.2

Load

Fire Load

Transfer

Function

Fire

Load

Top 160.2 X .8 128.1

Legs 160.2 X .2 32.0

This load is applied to Sector 5 (middle sector)

.

Case Goods

The Case Goods form, figure C-5 indicates that there is a buffet in

Sector 4, From tables 4-4 and 4-15 we have the following :

Dimensions Volume Transfer Function Load

in cu. in lbs

48 X 24 X 28 = 32256 (32256 X .0063) - 53.7 = 149.5

The equivalent fire load for the top. sides^^, and shelves is distributed

follows

:

^^The fire load for the top and sides is separated as they may be made of

different materials.

^^Sides includes the vertical surfaces and bottom of the buffet. See also

footnote 10.

C-6
Fire Load

Transfer Fire

Load Function Load

lbs lbs

Top 149.5 X .1 = 15.0

Sides X .75 =r 112.1

Shelves X .15 22.4

149.5

This load and fire load are added to that in Sector 4.

Chairs

The chairs form shown in figure C-6 indicates that there are 6 chairs in

the dining room. From table 4-8 we have the following:

For the five dining room chairs with wooden legs and back the weight is

given by:

17.3 lbs X 5 = 86.5 lbs

From table 4-19 the fire load for the different parts of the chair are;

Seat12

Wood/paper

Fabric

Plastic

15 X 86.5 = 13.0 lbs

15 X 86.5 = 13.0 lbs

15 X 86.5 = 13.0 lbs

39.0 lbs

12 This represents an estimation of the average range of materials to be

found.

C-7
Legs

Wood/paper .20 x 86.5 = 17.3 lbs

Back

Wood/paper .35 x 86.5 = 30.2 lbs

Total 86.5 Ibs^^

Drawer, Shelf ^ Cabinet, or Closet Contents

The last items are the contents of the buffet, which are listed in

figure C-7. These are glassware/stemware, class type 6, material 5,

compaction 2 (50%) .

From table 4-9 the live load for this is:

Dimensions Volume Transfer Function Weight

in cu in lbs

48 X 29 X 29 = 38976 (38976 X .005) = 194.8

Since this is noncombustible, there will be no fire load from this item.

This weight will be applied to the live load in Sector 4.

The live loads and fire loads are next summed for each sector and for

the whole room.

13 The fire load may be different than the live load of a furnishing.

C-8
Summary Live Loads (lbs)

Sector 1

Item

Wall hangings

Table

Case Goods

Chairs

Buffet Contents

Totals

2345 Totals

25.5 80.6 9.4 115.5

160.2 160.2

149.5 149.5

86.5 86.5

194.8 194.8

25.5 80.6 353.7 246.7 706.5

unit live load = 8.4 Ibs/sq. ft.

C-9
Sunmiary Fire Loads

Sector 1 2 3 4 5 Totals

Item

Floor finish 22.0 20.0 22.0 20.0 70.0 154.0

Trim 22.5 35.0 27.5 85.0

Ceiling finish 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.0 14.0 30.8

Wall finish 18.0 14.0 22.0 54.0

Windows 345.6 345.6

Wall Hangings 25.5 80.6 9.4 115.5

Table 160.1 160.1

Case Goods 149.5 149.5

Chairs 86.5 86.5

Sub Totals lbs. 26.4 90.0 501.6 232.4 330.6 1181.0

unit fire load = 14.1 Ibs/sq. ft.

That the room finish materials were slightly :more than one-half the total

fire load is not unusual. This is in agreement with Ingberg's survey 2 and

the overall results of this survey which are discussed in Section 8. These

unit live and fire loads would be part of the data used to compute mean and

standard deviation of the live and fire loads (e.g. tables 5-13 and 5-18)

.

C-10
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C-17
NBS-114A (REV. 9.78)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

NBSIR 80-2155

Single-Family Residential Fire and Live Loads Survey

5. Publication Date December 1980

7. AUTHOR(S)

Lionel A. Issen

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS fStreet. c«y, St^te. ZIP)

Division of Energy, Building Technology and Standards

Office of Policy, Development and Research

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, DC 20410

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

I 1 Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or leaa factual aummary of moat aighificant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or

literature survey, mentiort it here,) A fire and live load survey of 359 residences, consisting of 61 single family attached

(SFA) , 200 single family detached (SFD) , and 98 mobile homes (MH) , was made in the

metropolitan Washington, DC area using an inventory technique rather than actual weighing of the room contents. The survey was performed to gain information on live and

fire loads which would be used to develop a realistic fire test exposure curve for

single family homes (SFA, SFD, and MH) , and to gain experience in household surveys

that would be useful in a similar nationwide survey. The fire load is reported in

terms of composition and of an equivalent 8000 Btu/lb fuel. The live loads and movable

contents fire loads were similar for the three occupancies, but the room finish fire

load was higher in mobile homes due to the more extensive use of plywood in the interioi

wall finish. The weighted mean (according to floor area) of the live load observed in

the survey for each of the three classes of housing was approximately 10 Ib/sq. ft. The

corresponding weighted mean movable contents fire loads were approximately: SFA,

7 Ib/sq. ft.; SFD, 7 Ib/sq. ft.; MH, 6 Ib/sq. ft. The total weighted mean fire loads

(contents and finish) were approximately: SFA, 13 Ib/sq. ft.; SFD, 13 Ib/sq. ft.;

MH, 18 Ib/sq. ft. The nominal 0.95 fractile live and fire loads were also calculated.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter 0 / the first key word unless a proper name;

separated by semicolons)

Field surveys; fire; fire loads; furnishings; household surveys; live loads;

mobile homes; residential surveys; transfer functions.

18. AVAILABILITY Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

Q] Order From Sup. of Doc., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402, SD Stock No. SN003-003- rj Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCLASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

21. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

176

22. Price;12D0

USCOMM-DC