Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: 

Renewable Fuel Standard Program 

Summary and Analysis of Comments 
Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives:


Renewable Fuel Standard Program


Summary and Analysis of Comments


Assessment and Standards Division 

Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

EPA420-R-07-006 

April 2007 
Index of RFS 

Proposal Commenters 

Commenter Abbreviation Docket ID Number 

Ad-Hoc Coalition of Small Business 

Refiners 

Small Refiners OAR-2005-0161-0214 

Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers Alliance OAR-2005-0161-0176 

American Coalition for Ethanol ACE OAR-2005-0161-0218 

American Farm Bureau Federation1 AFBF OAR-2005-0161-0188 

American Petroleum Institute API OAR-2005-0161-0185 

American Society for Testing Materials ASTM OAR-2005-0161-0235 

(hearing) 

Archer Daniels Midland Company ADM OAR-2005-0161-0227 

Baker Commodities OAR-2005-0161-0003 

through -0006, -0173 

Biodiesel Coalition of Texas BCOT OAR-2005-0161-0186 

Biodiesel Industries of Greater Dallas 

Fort Worth 

BIGDFW OAR-2005-0161-0211 

Biotechnology Industry Organization 

(Industrial and Environmental Section) 

BIO IES OAR-2005-0161-0199 

BlueFire Ethanol OAR-2005-0161-0200, 

-0224 

BP Products North America BP OAR-2005-0161-0221, 

-0230 

CHS Inc. OAR-2005-0161-0203 

Chevron OAR-2005-0161-0193 

CHOREN Industries OAR-2005-0161-0195 

ConocoPhillips OAR-2005-0161-0194, 

-0219 

Countrymark Cooperative Countrymark OAR-2005-0161-0225 

Delta-T Corporation OAR-2005-0161-0196 

DuPage County Board OAR-2005-0161-0166 

DuPont OAR-2005-0161-0168 

Engine Manufacturers Association EMA OAR-2005-0161-0177 

Environmental Defense OAR-2005-0161-0172, 

-0223 

Ethanol Boosting Systems EBS OAR-2005-0161-0162 

Ethanol Feed and Fuel, LLC OAR-2005-0161-0180 

Ethanol Products OAR-2005-0161 

ExxonMobil Refining & Supply Co. OAR-2005-0161-0197 

Flint Hills Resources FHR OAR-2005-0161-0222 

FutureFuel Chemical Company FutureFuel OAR-2005-0161-0198 

Galveston Bay Biodiesel dba- BioSelect OAR-2005-0161-0206 

Gary-Williams Energy Corporation GWEC OAR-2005-0161-0207 

i
Giant Industries Giant OAR-2005-0161-0164 

Griffin Industries, Inc. Griffin OAR-2005-0161-0189 

Harms Oil Company Harms OAR-2005-0161-0220 

Imperium Renewables, Inc. IRI OAR-2005-0161-0178 

Independent Fuel Terminal Operators 

Association

IFTOA OAR-2005-0161-0213 

KinderMorgan Liquid Terminals KMLT OAR-2005-0161-0231 

Lyondell Chemical Company Lyondell OAR-2005-0161-0165 

Magellan Midstream Partners Magellan OAR-2005-0161-0208 

Marathon Petroleum Company MPC OAR-2005-0161-0175 

Methanol Institute MI OAR-2005-0161-0171 

Missouri Department of Natural 

Resources 

MDNR OAR-2005-0161-0217 

National Association of Convenience 

Stores2

NACS OAR-2005-0161-0234 

National Petrochemical and Refiners 

Association

NPRA OAR-2005-0161-0170, -

0232 

National Biodiesel Board NBB OAR-2005-0161-0212 

National Corn Growers Association 1 NCGA OAR-2005-0161-0188 

National Council of Farmer Cooperatives 

1

NCFC OAR-2005-0161-0188 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL OAR-2005-0161-0179 

National Restaurant Association NRA OAR-2005-0161-0174 

National Wildlife Federation NWF OAR-2005-0161-0209 

Natural Gas Vehicles for America NGVA OAR-2005-0161-0201 

Natural Resources Defense Council NRDC OAR-2005-0161-0229 

New York State Department of 

Environmental Conservation 

NYDEC OAR-2005-0161-0169 

Neste Oil Holding Inc. Neste OAR-2005-0161-0191 

Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use 

Management 

NESCAUM OAR-2005-0161-0187 

Organic Fuels OAR-2005-0161-0190, 

-0233 (hearing) 

Private Citizen OAR-2005-0161-0156 

Private Citizen OAR-2005-0161-0158, -

0159 

Private Citizen OAR-2005-0161-0160 

Private Citizen OAR-2005-0161-0236 

Private Citizen OAR-2005-0161-

0182—0184 

Private Citizen OAR-2005-0161-0163 

Renewable Energy Action Project REAP OAR-2005-0161-0204 

Renewable Fuels Association RFA OAR-2005-0161-0192, 

-0228 (hearing) 

Shell Oil Company/Motiva Enterprises OAR-2005-0161-0215 

ii
SilvaGas, Inc. OAR-2005-0161-0161 

Society of Independent Gasoline 

Marketers of America2

SIGMA OAR-2005-0161-0234 

Sutherland Asbill & Brennan OAR-2005-0161-0210 

Trenton Fuel Works OAR-2005-0161-0181 

Tyson Foods, Inc. Tyson OAR-2005-0161-0216 

Union of Concerned Scientists UCS OAR-2005-0161-0226 

Valero Energy Corporation OAR-2005-0161-0167 

West Park Associates OAR-2005-0161-0202 

1- commented together 

2- commented together 

iii
Acronyms and Abbreviations

ABT Averaging, Banking, and Trading 

AFV Alternative Fueled Vehicle 

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials 

BOB Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending 

BOL Bill of Lading 

BTL Biomass to Liquid 

Btu British Thermal Unit 

bpcd Barrels per Calendar Day 

CAA Clean Air Act 

CARB California Air Resources Board 

CBOB California Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending 

CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy 

CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule

CAMx Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions 

CARB California Air Resources Board 

CASAC Clean Air Science Advisory Committee 

CBE Cellulosic Biomass Ethanol 

CDX Central Data Exchange 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CG Conventional Gasoline 

CMAQ Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model 

CNG Compressed Natural Gas 

CO Carbon Monoxide 

CO2 Carbon Dioxide 

CRC Coordinating Research Council 

CRP Conservation Reserve Program

DDG Dried Distiller Grain 

DoE, DOE U.S. Department of Energy 

DRIA Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis 

EBAMM ERG Biofuel Analysis Meta-Model 

EIA Energy Information Administration 

EO Executive Order 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

EPAct Energy Policy Act 

ERG Energy and Resources Group (of the University of California Berkeley) 

ETBE Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 

EU European Union 

EV Equivalence Value 

FCC Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 

FFC Full Fuel Cycle 

FFV Flex-Fuel Vehicle 

FID Flame Ionization Detector 

FR Federal Register 

iv
FT Fischer-Tropsch 

FTP Federal Test Procedure 

GGE Gasoline Gallon Equivalent 

GHG Greenhouse Gas 

GTAB Gasoline Treated as Blendstock 

HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant

HC Hydrocarbon 

HCHO Formaldehyde 

IRS Internal Revenue Service 

LEM Lifecycle Emissions Model 

LEV Low Emission Vehicle 

LHV Lower Heating Value 

LIFO Last In, First Out 

LNG Liquefied Natural Gas 

LP Linear Programming 

MSAT2 EPA’s 2nd Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule 

MSW Municipal Solid Waste 

MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard 

NESCAUM Northeast States for Coordinated Air Usage Management 

NLEV National Low Emission Vehicle 

NMHC Non-methane Hydrocarbon 

NMIM National Mobile Inventory Model 

NMOG Non-methane Organic Gas 

NOx Oxides of Nitrogen 

NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 

OMB Office of Management and Budget 

OTAQ Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

PADD Petroleum Administration District for Defense 

PM Particulate Matter 

psi Pound-force per Square Inch 

PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration 

PTD Product Transfer Document 

RBOB Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending 

RD Renewable Diesel 

RFG Reformulated Gasoline 

RFS Renewable Fuels Standard 

RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis 

RIN Renewable Identification Number 

RSM Response Surface Model 

RSPO Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil 

RVO Renewable Volume Obligation 

RVP Reid Vapor Pressure 

SBA Small Business Administration 

v
SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act 

SIP State Implementation Plan 

STEO Short-term Energy Outlook 

TCEQ Texas Commission of Environmental Quality 

THC Total Hydrocarbon 

ULSD Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel 

USC United States Code 

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

VOC Volatile Organic Compound 

vi
Table of Contents 

Page

Chapter 1 General 1-1 

Chapter 2 Renewable Fuel Standard 2-1 

Chapter 3 Types of Renewable Fuels 3-1 

Chapter 4 Exemptions for Obligated Parties 4-1 

Chapter 5 Compliance Program and Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) 5-1 

Chapter 6 Costs 6-1 

Chapter 7 Compliance Requirements (Registration, Reporting, Recordkeeping) 7-1 

Chapter 8 Impacts on Fossil Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gases 8-1 

Chapter 9 Renewable Fuel Production and Use 9-1 

Chapter 10 Environmental Impacts 10-1 

Chapter 11 Other 11-1 

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