NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

1

4000-01-U

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

34 CFR Parts 200 and 299

RIN 1810-AB27

[Docket ID ED-2016-OESE-0032]

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, As Amended By the Every Student Succeeds 

Act--Accountability and State Plans

AGENCY: Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Department of Education.

ACTION: Final regulations.

SUMMARY: The Secretary amends the regulations implementing programs under title I of the 

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) to implement changes to the ESEA 

by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) enacted on December 10, 2015. The Secretary also 

updates the current ESEA general regulations to include requirements for the submission of State 

plans under ESEA programs, including optional consolidated State plans.

DATES: These regulations are effective January 30, 2017.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Meredith Miller, U.S. Department of 

Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., room 3C106, Washington, DC 20202-2800.

Telephone: (202) 401-8368 or by email: Meredith.Miller@ed.gov.

If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) or a text telephone (TTY), 

call the Federal Relay Service (FRS), toll free, at 1-800-877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Executive Summary

Purpose of This Regulatory Action: On December 10, 2015, President Barack Obama 

signed the ESSA into law. The ESSA reauthorizes the ESEA, which provides Federal funds to 

improve elementary and secondary education in the Nation’s public schools. The ESSA builds 

on ESEA’s legacy as a civil rights law and seeks to ensure that every child, regardless of race, 

income, background, or where they live has the opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. 

Through the reauthorization, the ESSA made significant changes to the ESEA for the first time 

since the ESEA was reauthorized through the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), 

including significant changes to title I.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

2

In particular, the ESSA significantly modified the accountability requirements of the 

ESEA. Whereas the ESEA, as amended by the NCLB, required a State educational agency 

(SEA) to hold schools accountable based solely on results on statewide assessments and one 

other academic indicator, the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires each SEA to have an 

accountability system that is State-determined and based on multiple indicators, including, but 

not limited to, at least one indicator of school quality or student success and, at a State’s 

discretion, an indicator of student growth. The ESSA also significantly modified the 

requirements for differentiating among schools and the basis on which schools must be identified 

for further comprehensive or targeted support and improvement. Additionally, the ESSA no 

longer requires a particular sequence of escalating interventions in title I schools that are 

identified and continue to fail to make adequate yearly progress (AYP). Instead, it gives SEAs 

and local educational agencies (LEAs) discretion to determine the evidence-based interventions 

that are appropriate to address the needs of identified schools.

In addition to modifying the ESEA requirements for State accountability systems, the 

ESSA also modified and expanded upon the ESEA requirements for State and LEA report cards. 

The ESSA continues to require that report cards be concise, presented in an understandable and 

uniform format, and, to the extent practicable, in a language that parents can understand, but now 

also requires that they be developed in consultation with parents and that they be widely 

accessible to the public. The ESSA also requires that report cards include additional information 

that was not required to be included on report cards under the ESEA, as amended by the NCLB, 

such as information regarding per-pupil expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds; the 

number and percentage of students enrolled in preschool programs; where available, the rate at 

which high school graduates enroll in postsecondary education programs; information regarding 

the number and percentage of English learners achieving English language proficiency (ELP), 

and certain data collected through the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC). In addition, the 

ESSA requires that report cards include certain information for subgroups of students for which 

information was not previously required to be reported, including homeless students, students in 

foster care, and students with a parent who is a member of the Armed Forces.

Further, the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, authorizes an SEA to submit, if it so 

chooses, a consolidated State plan or consolidated State application for covered programs, and 

authorizes the Secretary to establish, for each covered program, the descriptions, information, 

assurances, and other material required to be included in a consolidated State plan or 

consolidated State application.

On May 31, 2016, the Secretary published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) for 

the title I, part A program and general ESEA regulations in the Federal Register (81 FR 34539). 

We issue these regulations to provide clarity and support to SEAs, LEAs, and schools as they 

implement the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA--particularly, the ESEA requirements regarding 

accountability systems, State and LEA report cards, and consolidated State plans--and to ensure 

that key requirements in title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, are implemented 

consistent with the purpose of the law: “to provide all children significant opportunity to receive 

a fair, equitable, and high-quality education, and to close educational achievement gaps.”
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

3

Summary of the Major Provisions of This Regulatory Action: The following is a summary of the 

major substantive changes in these final regulations from the regulations proposed in the NPRM. 

The rationale for each of these changes is discussed in the Analysis of Comments and 

Changes section of this document.

• Section 200.12 has been revised to clarify that if an authorized public chartering agency, 

consistent with State charter school law, acts to decline to renew or to revoke a charter for a 

particular charter school, the decision of the agency to do so supersedes any notification from 

the State that the school must implement a comprehensive or targeted support and improvement 

plan under §§ 200.21 or 200.22.

• The Department made a number of changes to § 200.13, which describes a State’s long-term 

goals and measurements of interim progress for achievement, graduation rates, and progress 

toward ELP for English learners:

̶ Section 200.13(a) is revised to clarify that long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress for academic achievement must measure the percentage of students attaining gradelevel proficiency on the State’s annual assessments in reading/language arts and mathematics

based on the State’s academic achievement standards under section 1111(b)(1) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, including alternate academic achievement standards for students 

with the most significant cognitive disabilities as defined by the State under section 

1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA.

̶ Section 200.13(c) requires States to establish long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress for increases in the percentage of English learners making annual progress 

toward attaining ELP using a uniform procedure, applied to all English learners in a 

consistent manner, that establishes applicable timelines for English learners sharing 

particular characteristics to attain ELP after a student’s identification and student-level 

targets within that timeline. The final rule is revised to require each State, in its State plan, to 

describe how it sets research-based, student-level targets; a rationale for a State-determined 

maximum number of years in its uniform procedure; and the applicable timelines over which 

English learners sharing particular characteristics are expected to attain ELP.

• In § 200.14, which describes the requirements related to the five indicators--Academic 

Achievement, Academic Progress, Graduation Rate, Progress in Achieving English Language 

Proficiency, and School Quality or Student Success--within the statewide accountability system, 

the final regulations include the following significant changes:

̶ Section 200.14(b)(1)(i)-(ii) is reorganized and revised to clarify that the Academic 

Achievement indicator (1) must include a grade-level proficiency measure based on the 

State’s academic achievement standards under section 1111(b)(1) of the ESEA, including 

alternate academic achievement standards for students with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities as defined by the State under section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA; (2) may include 

measures of student performance below or above the proficient level (e.g., in an achievement 

index), so long as a school receives less credit for the performance of a student who is not yet 

proficient than for the performance of a student who is proficient, and the credit a school 

receives for the performance of a more advanced student does not fully compensate for the 

performance of a student that is not yet proficient; and (3) does not require State assessments 

in reading/language arts and mathematics that are “equally measured.”
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

4

̶ Section 200.14(b)(1) and (3) is revised to ensure that the Academic Achievement and 

Graduation Rate indicators are based on the corresponding long-term goals under § 200.13.

̶ Section 200.14(c)(4) is revised to remove the requirement that a given measure may be 

used no more than once across the accountability indicators.

̶ Section 200.14(d) is revised to clarify that States must demonstrate that measures in the 

Academic Progress and School Quality or Student Success indicators are supported by 

research that high performance or improvement on such measures is likely to increase 

students’ learning (e.g., grade point average, credit accumulation, or performance in 

advanced coursework), or--for measures at the high school level--graduation rates, 

postsecondary enrollment, postsecondary persistence or completion, or career readiness.

• Section 200.15, which describes the requirements related to participation in statewide 

assessments and the annual measurement of achievement, is revised as follows:

̶ Section 200.15(a) is revised to clarify the distinction between the statutory requirement 

for States to administer assessments to all students and the statutory requirement for States to 

measure, for accountability purposes, whether at least 95 percent of all students and of each 

subgroup of students participated in State assessments. 

̶ Section 200.15(b)(2)(iv) is revised so that a State may develop and use a Statedetermined action or set of actions that is sufficiently rigorous to improve the school’s 

participation rate in order to factor the statutory requirement for 95 percent participation on 

statewide assessments into its accountability system, rather than requiring such actions to be 

equally rigorous and result in a similar outcome as other possible options.

• In § 200.16, which describes the requirements related to inclusion of subgroups of students, the 

final regulations include the following significant changes:

̶ Section 200.16(b) is revised to permit a student previously identified as a child with a 

disability to be included in the children with disabilities subgroup for up to two years 

following the year in which the student exits special education services, for the limited 

purpose of measuring indicators that use results from required State assessments under 

section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. A State choosing to 

include former children with disabilities for these indicators must include all such students, 

for the same period of time, and must also include all such students in determining whether 

the subgroup meets the State’s n-size for purposes of calculating any such indicator.

̶ Section 200.16(c)(1) is revised to allow former English learners to be included in the 

English learner subgroup for up to four years following the year in which the student 

achieves English language proficiency consistent with the standardized, statewide exit 

procedures, when measuring any indicator under § 200.14(b) that uses data from required 

assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

• Section 200.17 is revised to clarify that if a State proposes to use an n-size above 30 students, 

the justification it provides in its State plan must include data on the number and percentage of 

schools that will not be held accountable for the performance of each subgroup of students 

described in § 200.16(a) compared to such data if the State had selected an n-size of 30. 

• Within section 200.18, the Department made the following substantial revisions from the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

5

NPRM, primarily to better align requirements for differentiation in § 200.18 with requirements 

for identification of schools in § 200.19:

̶ Section 200.18 is renamed to clarify all of the components within annual meaningful 

differentiation of schools: “performance levels, data dashboards, summative determinations, 

and indicator weighting.” 

̶ Section 200.18(a)(2)-(3) describes the requirements for each State to describe a school’s 

level of performance on each accountability indicator, from among three performance levels 

that are distinct, aligned to a State’s long-term goals, and clear and understandable to the 

public. The final rule clarifies that the levels must also be discrete, indicating that reporting 

on a continuous measure (e.g., scale scores) would not meet the requirement, and that a data 

“dashboard” is an example of a way for a State to report performance levels for a school.

̶ Section 200.18(a)(4) specifies that a State must provide each school with a single 

summative “determination,” from among at least three categories, based on all of the 

accountability indicators. We are revising the final regulation to clarify that a State may 

either use (1) determinations that include the two categories of schools required to be 

identified in § 200.19 (i.e., schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement 

and targeted support and improvement) and a third category of unidentified schools, or (2) 

determinations distinct from the categories of schools described in § 200.19. We are also 

revising § 200.18(a)(4) to clarify that the summative determination must meaningfully 

differentiate between schools based on differing performance on the indicators and provide 

information on a school’s overall performance in a clear and understandable manner on 

annual report cards.

̶ Section 200.18(a)(6) is revised to clarify that annual meaningful differentiation must 

inform the State’s methodology to identify schools under § 200.19, including identification 

of consistently underperforming subgroups of students. 

̶ Section 200.18(c)(3) is revised to require each State to demonstrate that a school with a 

consistently underperforming subgroup will receive a lower summative determination than it 

would have otherwise received if the school had no consistently underperforming subgroups. 

̶ Section 200.18(d)(1)(ii) is revised to require each State to demonstrate in its State plan 

that schools that are low-performing on indicators afforded “substantial” weight are more 

likely to be identified under § 200.19. 

̶ Section 200.18(d)(1)(iii) incorporates provisions from the proposed State plan regulations 

to clarify that a State may develop and propose to use alternate methods for differentiation 

and identification under §§ 200.18-200.19 in order to ensure all public schools are included, 

such as schools in which no grades are assessed, schools with variant grade configurations, 

small schools, newly opened schools, and schools designed to serve special populations of 

students (e.g., newcomer English learners, students receiving alternative programming in 

alternative educational settings, and students living in local institutions for neglected or 

delinquent children, including juvenile justice facilities).

• The Department made several changes to § 200.19, primarily for clarification or to align 

requirements with other sections of the regulations:

̶ Section 200.19(a)(1) is revised to clarify that each State must identify the lowest 

performing five percent of all title I schools, not five percent of title I schools at each grade 

span, and to make conforming changes based on the significant changes under § 200.18.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

6

̶ Section 200.19(a)(3) is revised to allow each State to determine how long a school with a 

low-performing subgroup identified for targeted support and improvement that also must 

receive additional targeted support under § 200.19(b)(2) may implement a targeted support 

plan before the State must determine that such a school has not met the State’s exit criteria 

and must, if it receives title I funds, be identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement. A corresponding change is made to § 200.22(f)(2).

̶ Section 200.19(b)(2) is revised to clarify that a State must use the same process to 

identify schools with individual subgroups performing at or below the performance of all 

students in the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools as it uses to identify the 

lowest-performing five percent of title I schools for comprehensive support and 

improvement.

̶ Section 200.19(c)(1) is revised to allow a State, in order to identify schools with one or 

more consistently underperforming subgroups, to consider a school’s performance among 

each subgroup of students in the school over more than two years, if the State demonstrates 

that a longer timeframe will better support low-performing subgroups of students to make 

significant progress in achieving long-term goals and measurements of interim progress in 

order to close statewide proficiency and graduation rate gaps, consistent with section 

1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(III) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and § 200.13.

̶ Section 200.19(c)(3)(i) is revised to ensure that when a State chooses a definition for 

consistently underperforming subgroups that considers a subgroup’s performance on the 

State’s measurements of interim progress or State-designed long-term goals, the SEA also 

considers a schools’ performance on the indicators for which goals and measurements of 

interim progress are not required, consistent with the requirement that the State’s definition 

be based on all indicators.

̶ Section 200.19(c)(3) is revised to remove options for a State to define a consistently 

underperforming subgroup of students based on indicator performance levels, a single 

measure within an indicator, or performance gaps between the subgroup and State averages 

as described in proposed § 200.19(c)(3)(ii)-(iv).

̶ Section 200.19(d)(1)(i)-(ii) is revised to allow a State to delay identification of schools 

for comprehensive support and improvement and schools with a low-performing subgroup

for targeted support and improvement that also must receive additional targeted support until 

no later than the beginning of the 2018-2019 school year.

̶ Section 200.19(d)(1)(iii) is revised to allow a State to delay identification of schools with 

consistently underperforming subgroups for targeted support and improvement until no later 

than the beginning of the 2019-2020 school year.

̶ Section 200.19(d)(2) is revised to clarify that for each year in which a State must identify 

schools for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement, it must do so using data 

from the preceding school year, except that the State may use adjusted cohort graduation rate 

data from the year immediately prior to the preceding school year.

• The Department made revisions to § 200.20 for clarity, including:

̶ Section 200.20(a) is revised to use consistent terminology for how States can produce 

averaged results by combining data across both school years and grades within a school and 

to clarify that a State combining data must sum the total number of students in each subgroup 

of students described in § 200.16(a)(2) across all school years when calculating a school’s 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

7

performance on each indicator under § 200.14 and determining whether the subgroup meets 

the State’s minimum number of students described in § 200.17(a)(1).

̶ Section 200.20(a) is revised to clarify the limited purposes in the accountability system 

for which States may average school-level data across school years.

• Within sections §§ 200.21 and 200.22, Comprehensive Support and Improvement and Targeted 

Support and Improvement, the Department made the following substantial revisions from the 

NPRM, primarily to strengthen and clarify the requirements for school improvement:

̶ Section 200.21(c)(4) is revised to require that an LEA, in conducting a school-level needs 

assessment for each school within the LEA identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement, consider a school’s unmet needs, including with respect to students, school 

leadership and instruction staff, quality of the instructional program, family and community 

involvement, school climate, and distribution of resources.

̶ Section 200.21(d)(1) is revised to clarify that for LEAs affected by section 8538 of the 

ESEA, the LEA must develop school improvement plans in partnership with Indian tribes, 

among other required stakeholders.

̶ Section 200.21(d)(1), and similar requirements in §§ 200.15(c)(1)(i) and 200.22(c)(1), is 

revised to encourage the involvement of students, as appropriate, in developing school 

improvement plans.

̶ Section 200.21(d)(3) is revised to clarify examples of interventions that an LEA may 

consider implementing in an identified school and to clarify optional State authorities for 

State-approved lists of interventions or State-determined interventions, further described in § 

200.23(c).

̶ Section 200.21(d)(3)(vi) is revised to clarify that differentiated improvement activities 

that utilize evidence-based interventions may be used in high schools that primarily serve 

students returning to education or who, based on their grade or age, are significantly off track 

to accumulate sufficient academic credits to meet State high school graduation requirements.

̶ Sections 200.21(d)(4) and 200.22(c)(7)(i) are revised to require that LEAs, in identifying 

and addressing resource inequities in schools identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement, or schools with a low-performing subgroup identified for targeted support and 

improvement that also must receive additional targeted support, respectively, must review 

access to advanced coursework, access to full-day kindergarten programs and preschool 

programs, and access to specialized instructional support personnel.

̶ Consistent with the revisions to § 200.21(d)(3)(vi), § 200.21(g) is revised to clarify State 

discretion to exclude very small high schools from developing and implementing a support 

and improvement plan if such schools are identified as a low graduation rate high school 

under § 200.19(a)(2).

̶ Sections 200.21(f) and 200.22(f) are revised to require that each SEA make its Stateestablished exit criteria publicly available.

• The Department has revised § 200.23 as follows:

̶ Section 200.23(a) is revised to clarify that in periodically reviewing resources available 

for each LEA in the State serving a significant number or percentage of schools identified for 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement, the State must consider each of the 

resources in its review that is listed in § 200.21(d)(4)(i)(A)-(E) and consider resources in 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

8

such LEAs as compared to all other LEAs in the State and in schools in those LEAs as 

compared to all other schools in the State.

̶ Section 200.23(c)(1) is revised to list examples of additional actions a State may take to 

initiate improvement at the LEA level, or, consistent with State charter school law, in an

authorized public chartering agency, that serves a significant number or percentage of 

schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement and that are not meeting exit 

criteria or a significant number or percentage of schools in targeted support and 

improvement.

̶ Section 200.23(c)(1) is revised to clarify that any action to revoke or non-renew a 

school’s charter must be taken in coordination with the applicable authorized public 

chartering agency and be consistent with both State charter school law and the terms of the 

school’s charter.

̶ Section 200.23(c)(3) is revised to clarify the distinction between this provision and a 

related provision in § 200.23(c)(2). The final regulations give States flexibility to establish 

evidence-based interventions for use by LEAs and schools identified for support and 

improvement either by creating lists of State-approved, evidence-based interventions for use 

in any identified school, or by developing their own alternative evidence-based interventions

that may be used specifically in comprehensive support and improvement schools.

• The Department has made the following significant changes to § 200.24, which describes 

requirements for school improvement funding under section 1003 of the ESEA:

̶ Section § 200.24(c)(2)(ii) is revised to clarify that a State may award a grant of less than 

the minimum award size if the State determines that a smaller amount is appropriate based on 

the school’s enrollment, identified needs, selected evidence-based interventions, and other 

relevant factors described in the LEA’s application.

̶ Section 200.24(c)(4)(iii)(A) is revised to require that a State consider, in determining 

strongest commitment, both the proposed use of evidence-based interventions that are 

supported by the strongest level of evidence available, and whether the evidence-based 

interventions are sufficient to support the school in making progress toward meeting the 

applicable exit criteria under §§ 200.21 or 200.22.

• The Department revised § 200.30 for clarity, including as follows:

̶ Section 200.30(e) is revised to provide for a State to delay inclusion of per-pupil 

expenditure data on its report card until no later than June 30 following the December 31 

deadline for reporting all other information required under section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA.

̶ Section 200.30(e)(3)(ii) is revised to clarify that a State requesting a one-time, one-year

extension of the December 31 deadline for disseminating report cards must submit a plan and 

timeline for how it will meet the December 31 deadline for report cards that include 

information from the 2018-2019 school year.

̶ Section 200.30(f)(1)(iv) clarifies that students in the subgroup of “student with a parent 

who is a member of the Armed Forces” includes students whose parents are on full-time 

National Guard duty. Further, § 200.30(f)(1)(iv)(C) defines full-time National Guard duty.

• The Department revised § 200.31 for clarity, including as follows:
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

9

̶ Section 200.31(b)(3) removes the page limit requirement on the LEA overview for each 

school served by the LEA.

̶ Section 200.31(e) is revised to provide for an LEA to delay inclusion of per-pupil 

expenditure data until no later than June 30 following the December 31 deadline for reporting 

all other information required under section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

• The Department revised § 200.34, which provides the requirements on how to calculate the 

adjusted cohort graduation rate, including the following significant changes:

̶ Section 200.34(a)(3)(iii) is revised to clarify the requirements for removing a student 

entering a prison or juvenile justice facility from a sending school’s cohort.

̶ Section 200.34(a)(5) is added to clarify that a State must include students with the most 

significant cognitive disabilities who receive a State-defined alternate diploma in the 

calculation of the adjusted cohort graduation rate in the year in which they exit, and describes 

how they should be treated in the numerator and the denominator.

̶ Section 200.34(c)(2) is revised to clarify that a diploma based on meeting a student’s

Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals is considered a lesser credential.

̶ Section 200.34(d)(2) is revised to remove language limiting an extended-year graduation 

rate to seven years.

̶ Section 200.34(e)(2) is added to describe the criteria a State must use to include students 

in the following subgroups in the graduation rate calculation: English Learners, children with 

disabilities, children who are homeless, and children who are in foster care.

̶ Section 200.34(e)(f) has been removed and revised requirements have been placed in § 

200.34(a)(5).

• The Department has revised § 200.35 for clarity, including:

̶ Section 200.35(a) and (b) has been revised to clarify that State and LEA report cards 

must report the total current expenditures that were not reported in school-level per-pupil 

expenditure figures.

̶ Section 200.35(a) and (b) has been revised to clarify that State and LEA report cards 

must, when reporting per-pupil expenditures, include with State and local funds all Federal 

funds intended to replace local tax revenues.

̶ Section 200.35(c)(2) has been revised to clarify the denominator used for purposes of 

calculating per-pupil expenditures must be the same figure as reported to the National Center 

for Education Statistics (NCES) on or about October 1.

• The Department made a number of changes to § 299.13, which provides an overview of the 

State plan requirements.

̶ Section 299.13(c)(ii) is revised to require that an SEA ensures that LEAs will collaborate 

with local child welfare agencies to develop and implement clear written procedures that 

ensure children in foster care receive transportation to and from their school of origin when 

in their best interest.

̶ Section 299.13(c)(iii) was moved from proposed § 299.18(c) to require an SEA to assure 

that it will publish and update specific educator equity information and data regarding 

ineffective, out-of-field, and inexperienced teachers.

̶ Section 299.13(d)(3) is revised to allow an SEA to request a 3 year extension, rather than 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

10

the 2 year extension originally proposed, to calculate statewide rates of educator equity data 

using school-level data when meeting the requirements of § 299.18(c)(3)(i).

̶

• The Department made the following changes in § 299.14, which describes the framework and 

the requirements when submitting a consolidated State plan:

̶ Section 299.14(c) was added to include consolidated State plan assurances on 

coordination of federal programs, challenging academic standards and assessments, State 

support and improvement for low-performing schools, participation for private school 

children and teachers, and appropriate identification of children with disabilities. With the 

exception of the assurance regarding participation for private school children and teachers, 

the required assurances were previously required descriptions in the proposed consolidated 

State plan requirements, with revisions made in order to reduce unnecessary burden on each 

SEA.

• The Department made the following changes in § 299.15, which describes the requirements 

related to consultation on the consolidated State plan:

̶ Section 299.15 is revised to include two additional stakeholder groups with whom an 

SEA must consult in developing its consolidated State plan–-representatives of private school 

students and early childhood educators and leaders–-and to clarify that the stakeholder 

groups listed in § 299.15(a) represent the minimum stakeholder groups with whom an SEA is 

expected to consult.

̶ Section 299.15 is further revised such that § 299.15(b) no longer includes the proposed 

requirement that each SEA describe its plans for coordinating across Federal educational 

laws. Section 299.15(b) now includes the performance management requirements which 

only require an SEA to describe its performance management system once, and not for each 

component of its consolidated State plan.

̶

• The Department made a number of changes to § 299.16, which describes the requirements 

related to challenging academic assessments, including:

̶ The final regulations do not require a State that elects to submit a consolidated State plan 

to provide evidence in such plan related to challenging academic content standards and 

aligned academic achievement standards, alternate academic achievement standards, as 

applicable, or ELP standards but rather, in § 299.14(c)(2), requires the SEA to assure that it 

will meet the statutory requirements. Specifically, the assurance in § 299.14(c)(2) clarifies 

that a State that elects to submit a consolidated State plan will meet the statutory 

requirements in section 1111(b)(1)(A)-(F) and 1111(b)(2) of the Act, including requirements

related to alternate academic achievement standards and alternate assessments for students 

with the most significant cognitive disabilities and ELP standards and assessments.

̶ The final regulations do not require an SEA that elects to submit a consolidated State 

plan to provide evidence in such plan related to a State’s academic assessments, including 

providing the names of such assessments and evidence that such assessments meet the 

requirements under section 1111(b)(2) of the ESEA and applicable regulations. Rather, the 

SEA must provide an assurance under § 299.14(c)(2) that it will meet the statutory 

requirements related to a State’s academic assessments.

̶ Proposed § 299.16(b)(7) has been removed, and the Department will not require an SEA
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

11

to describe in its consolidated State plan how it will use funds under section 1201 of the 

ESEA.

• The Department has revised some provisions in § 299.17 for clarification and alignment with 

revisions to other provisions in the final regulations as follows:

̶ Section 299.17(a) clarifies that, with respect to its State-designed long-term goals under § 

200.13, an SEA must both provide its baseline, measurements of interim progress, and longterm goals, and describe how it established its long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress.

̶ Section 299.17(b)(5)(iv) clarifies that an SEA must describe, among other elements as 

noted in § 299.17(b), how its methodology for differentiating all public schools in the State 

meets the requirements under § 200.18(c)(3) and (d)(1)(ii).

̶ Section 299.17(b)(8) incorporates the requirements for an SEA to describe how it 

includes all public schools in the State in its accountability system if it is different from the 

methodology described in § 299.17(b)(5), consistent with § 200.18(d)(1)(iii).

̶ Section 299.17(d)(2) is revised to include a description of how an SEA will provide 

technical assistance to each LEA in the State serving a significant number or percentage of 

schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement, including how it 

will provide technical assistance to LEAs to ensure the effective implementation of evidencebased interventions, consistent with § 200.23(b).

̶ Section 299.17(d)(4) is revised to require an SEA to describe how it will periodically 

review, identify, and, to the extent practicable, address resources available in LEAs serving a 

significant number or percentage of comprehensive or targeted support and improvement 

schools consistent with § 200.23(a).

• The Department made a number of changes in § 299.18, which provides the requirements 

related to supporting excellent educators as follows:

̶ Section 299.18(a) is amended to clarify that an SEA need only describe the State’s

system of certification and licensure, its strategies to improve educator preparation programs, 

and its strategies for professional growth and improvements for educators that addresses 

induction, development, compensation, and advancement if it intends to use Federal funds 

for these purposes.

̶ Section 299.18(b) is amended to remove the list of student subgroups that was provided 

in proposed § 299.18(b)(2).

̶ Section 299.18(c) is amended to clarify that an SEA must describe whether there are 

differences in the rates at which low-income and minority students are taught by ineffective, 

out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers.

̶ Section 299.18(c)(5) is revised to clarify that an SEA must identify likely causes of the 

most significant differences in the rates at which low-income and minority students are 

taught by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers.

̶ Section 299.18(c)(5)(ii) is revised to clarify that an SEA must prioritize strategies to 

address the most significant differences in the rates at which low-income and minority 

students are taught by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers.

̶ Section 299.18(c)(5)(iii) is revised so that an SEA must include its timeline and interim 

targets for eliminating any differences in the rates at which low-income and minority 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

12

students are taught by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers.

• The Department made a number of changes in § 299.19, which provides the requirements for 

an SEA to describe how it will ensure a well-rounded and supportive education for all students, 

including the following:

̶ Section 299.19(a)(1) is amended to clarify that State must describe use of title IV, part A

funds and funds from other included programs, including strategies to support the continuum 

of a student’s preschool-12 education and to ensure all students have access to a wellrounded education. Such description must include how the SEA considered the academic 

and non-academic needs of the subgroups of students identified in § 299.19(a)(1)(iii).

̶ Section 299.19(a)(2) is revised to clarify that a State need only describe its strategies to 

support LEAs to improve school conditions for student learning, effectively use technology, 

and engage families, parents, and communities if the State uses title IV, part A funds or funds 

from one or more of the included programs for such activities.

̶ Section 299.19(a)(2) removes the requirement for a State to describe how it will ensure 

the accurate identification of English learners. Section 299.19(b)(4) retains the requirement 

for each SEA to describe its standardized entrance and exit procedures for English learners.

̶ Section 299.19(b)(3) is revised to include program-specific requirements for title I, part D 

that requires each SEA to provide a plan for assisting the transition of children and youth 

between correctional facilities and locally operated programs and a description of the 

program objectives and outcomes that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the program.

Please refer to the Analysis of Comments and Changes section of this preamble for a 

detailed discussion of the comments received and any changes made in the final regulations.

Costs and Benefits: The Department believes that the benefits of this regulatory action 

outweigh any associated costs to SEAs and LEAs, which may be financed with Federal grant 

funds. These benefits include a more flexible, less complex and costly accountability framework

for the implementation of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that respects State and local 

decision-making; the efficient and effective collection and dissemination of a wide range of 

education-related data that will inform State and local decision-making; and an optional, 

streamlined consolidated application process that will promote the comprehensive and 

coordinated use of Federal, State, and local resources to improve educational outcomes for all 

students and all subgroups of students. Please refer to the Regulatory Impact Analysis section of 

this document for a more detailed discussion of costs and benefits, including changes in 

estimated costs in response to public comment. Consistent with Executive Order 12866, the 

Secretary has determined that this action is economically significant and, thus, is subject to 

review by the Office of Management and Budget under the order.

Public Comment: In response to our invitation to comment in the NPRM, 21,609 parties 

submitted comments on the proposed regulations.

We discuss substantive issues under the sections of the proposed regulations to which 

they pertain, with the exception of a number of cross-cutting issues, which are discussed together

under the heading “Cross-Cutting Issues.” Generally, we do not address technical and other 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

13

minor changes, or suggested changes the law does not authorize us to make under the applicable 

statutory authority. In addition, we do not address general comments that raised concerns not 

directly related to the proposed regulations or that were otherwise outside the scope of the 

regulations, including comments that raised concerns pertaining to particular sets of academic 

standards or the Department’s authority to require a State to adopt a particular set of academic 

standards, as well as comments pertaining to the Department’s regulations on statewide 

assessments.

Tribal Consultation: The Department held four tribal consultation sessions on April 24, April 28, 

May 12, and June 27, 2016, pursuant to Executive Order 13175 (“Consultation and Coordination 

with Indian Tribal Governments”). The purpose of these tribal consultation sessions was to 

solicit tribal input on the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including input on several changes 

that the ESSA made to the ESEA that directly affect Indian students and tribal communities. 

The Department specifically sought input on: the new grant program for Native language 

Immersion schools and projects; the report on Native American language medium education; and

the report on responses to Indian student suicides. The Department announced the tribal 

consultation sessions via listserv emails and Web site postings on 

http://www.edtribalconsultations.org/.

During the consultation session held on June 27, 2016, which was held during the public 

comment period, the attendees discussed a range of topics pertaining to the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, many of which related to provisions and titles of the law that fall outside the scope 

of these regulations. We do not address those comments in these regulations, but we are 

continuing to consider them in accordance with the Department’s Tribal Consultation Policy, 

which is available at: 

http://www.edtribalconsultations.org/documents/TribalConsultationPolicyFinal2015.pdf.

A number of participants at the June 27, 2016 consultation session provided input 

pertaining to these regulations. For example, a number of participants expressed concerns about 

the consultation, or lack of consultation, conducted by States and districts with local tribes. 

Participants wished to be more involved in the development of State and local policies that affect 

Native students. A few participants expressed specific concerns that the proposed regulation

regarding the minimum number of students that must be in a subgroup for that subgroup to be 

included in accountability determinations would not ensure that Native students were included in 

accountability determinations to the maximum extent possible.

The Department considered the input provided during the first three consultation sessions

in developing the proposed requirements. We considered input from the June 27, 2016 tribal 

consultation session on the topics that are within the scope of these regulations, as part of public 

comments received on the NPRM. We respond to the comments from that session that are

within the scope of these regulations under the sections of the proposed regulations to which they 

pertain.

Analysis of Comments and Changes: An analysis of the comments and changes in the 

regulations since publication of the NPRM follows.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

14

Cross-Cutting Issues

Legal Authority

Comments: A number of commenters asserted that these regulations constitute an overreach by 

the Department because the regulations include requirements pertaining to topics on which the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, delegates authority to States and LEAs. A number of 

commenters cited specific statutory provisions that are intended to limit the Department’s 

authority to create new requirements or criteria for statewide accountability systems beyond 

those specifically enumerated in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Some of these 

commenters contended that any regulatory requirement that is not specifically authorized by the 

statute and that establishes parameters for how States or LEAs implement the law exceeds the 

Department’s authority and violates the statute.

Discussion: Section 410 of the General Education Provisions Act (GEPA), 20 U.S.C. § 1221e-3, 

authorizes the Secretary, “in order to carry out functions otherwise vested in the Secretary by law 

or by delegation of authority pursuant to law, ... to make, promulgate, issue, rescind, and amend 

rules and regulations governing the manner of operations of, and governing the applicable 

programs administered by, the Department.” Section 414 of the Department of Education 

Organization Act (DEOA) similarly authorizes the Secretary to prescribe such rules and 

regulations as the Secretary determines necessary or appropriate to administer and manage the 

functions of the Secretary or the Department. 20 U.S.C. 3474. Section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, bolsters this general authority through an additional grant of authority for 

the Secretary to issue regulations under title I of the ESEA. That provision states that the 

Secretary “may issue ... such regulations as are necessary to reasonably ensure that there is 

compliance with this title.” Further, section 8302(a)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

authorizes the Secretary to “establish procedures and criteria” for the submission of consolidated 

State plans.

The provisions of these regulations are wholly consistent with the Department’s 

rulemaking authority. In particular, section 1001 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

establishes the purpose of title I of the statute, which is “to provide all children significant 

opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and high-quality education, and to close educational 

achievement gaps.” In furtherance of that goal, section 1111(a) requires any State that desires to 

receive a grant under title I, part A to file with the Secretary a plan that meets certain specified 

requirements, which may be submitted as part of a consolidated plan under section 8302 of the 

ESEA. Section 1111(c)(1) of the ESEA requires each State plan to describe a statewide 

accountability system that complies with the requirements of subsections 1111(c) and 1111(d). 

In addition, section 1111(h)(1) of the ESEA requires a State that receives assistance under title I, 

part A to prepare and disseminate widely to the public an annual State report card for the State as 

a whole that meets the requirements of that paragraph, and section 1111(h)(2) requires an LEA 

that receives assistance under title I, part A to prepare and disseminate an annual LEA report 

card that includes certain specified information on the agency as a whole and each school served 

by the agency. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

15

The Department has determined that each of these regulations is necessary to provide 

clarity with respect to provisions of the law that are vague or ambiguous, or to reasonably ensure 

that States and LEAs implement key requirements in title I of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA--particularly the requirements regarding accountability systems, State and LEA report 

cards, and consolidated State plans--consistent with the statute and with the statutory purpose of 

the law.

In developing these regulations, we carefully considered each of the statutory restrictions 

on the Department’s authority, including the restrictions in section 1111(e)(1)(A) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, as well as the more specific restrictions on the Department’s authority 

to regulate particular aspects of statewide accountability systems in section 1111(e)(1)(B). We 

were also mindful of the fact that one of the goals of the reauthorization of the ESEA through the 

ESSA was to provide greater discretion and flexibility to States and LEAs than had been 

provided to them under the ESEA, as amended by NCLB, and have taken steps to ensure that 

States and LEAs have significant discretion and flexibility with respect to how they implement 

these regulations. 

However, we disagree with the contention that any regulation that is not explicitly 

authorized by the statute and places any limitation on a State’s or LEA’s discretion either 

violates the specific statutory restrictions or is otherwise inconsistent with the statute. A

regulation would be inconsistent with the statute if it were directly contrary to the statutory 

requirements, or if it would be impossible for a State or LEA to comply with both the statutory 

and regulatory requirements. Regulatory requirements that provide greater specificity regarding

how a State must implement certain requirements are not inconsistent with the statute or the 

Department’s rulemaking authority in any way.

We similarly disagree with the contention that any of the regulations governing statewide 

accountability systems add new requirements that are outside the scope of title I, part A of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. All of the regulatory requirements governing statewide 

accountability systems fall squarely within the scope of title I, part A, as those requirements 

implement the statutory requirements in sections 1111(c) and 1111(d) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, and are specifically intended to ensure compliance with those sections. The fact 

that these regulations impose certain requirements for statewide accountability systems that are 

not specifically mentioned in those sections of the statute does not mean that those requirements 

fall outside the scope of title I, part A. Accordingly, the final regulations also do not violate 

section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which prohibits the Secretary from 

promulgating any regulations that are inconsistent with or outside the scope of title I, part A.

Moreover, given that the Secretary has general rulemaking authority, it is not necessary 

for the statute to specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision. 

Rather, the Secretary may issue any regulation governing title I that is consistent with the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, that enables the Secretary to “carry out functions otherwise vested in 

the Secretary by law or by delegation of authority pursuant to law,” and, with respect to 

regulations under title I of the ESEA, that the Secretary deems “necessary to reasonably ensure 

that there is compliance with” that title.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

16

In promulgating these regulations, the Secretary has exercised his authority under GEPA, 

the DEOA, and under sections 1601(a) and 8302(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to 

issue regulations that are necessary to reasonably ensure that States, LEAs, and schools comply 

with the requirements for statewide accountability systems, consolidated State plans, and State 

and LEA report cards, and that they do so in a manner that advances the statutory goals.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that any of the Department’s proposed regulations that 

proposed adding a requirement not expressly contained in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

might violate the Spending Clause of the U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 8, Clause 1), by 

failing to provide “clear notice” to grantees of the requirements with which they must comply by 

accepting title I funds.

Discussion: Congress’ authority to enact the provisions in title I of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, governing statewide accountability systems, report cards, and State plans flows from its 

authority to “. . . provide for general Welfare of the United States.” Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 

(commonly referred to as Congress’ “spending authority”). Under that authority, Congress 

authorized the Secretary to implement the provisions of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

and specifically authorized the Secretary to issue “such regulations as are necessary to 

reasonably ensure that there is compliance with” title I. Thus, the regulations do not conflict 

with Congress’ authority under the Spending Clause. With respect to cases such as Arlington C. 

Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Murphy, States have full notice of their responsibilities under these 

regulations through the rulemaking process the Department has conducted under the 

Administrative Procedure Act and the General Education Provisions Act to develop the 

regulations.

Changes: None.

Data Collection

Comments: Some commenters recommended removing § 200.17, stating that the amount of data 

already collected has not improved academic achievement and that the Federal government 

should not collect data on children. These comments were also made regarding §§ 200.20-24,

200.30-31, 299.13, and 299.19 of the proposed regulations. In addition, a number of 

commenters recommended retaining § 200.7 of the current regulations, which sets forth the data 

disaggregation and privacy requirements under the NCLB, without commenting specifically on 

proposed § 200.17, which would establish similar requirements under the ESSA.

Discussion: The Department believes that data collected for purposes of accountability and data 

reported on State and LEA report cards are important for providing parents and stakeholders the 

information they need to understand how schools are held accountable and how students, 

including each subgroup of students, are performing. Further, collecting these data is necessary 

to comply with the requirements of section 1111 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. In 

addition to promoting transparency, this information is essential for identifying and closing 

educational achievement gaps, which is one of the primary purposes of the law. We note that 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

17

there are also multiple provisions in title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including 

section 1111(c)(3), (g)(2)(N), and (i), that specify privacy protections for individuals related to 

collection or dissemination of data consistent with section 444 of the GEPA (20 U.S.C. 1232g, 

commonly known as the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974). We further note, 

as we stated in the NPRM, that § 200.17 retains and reorganizes the relevant requirements of 

current § 200.7, which would be removed and reserved, so that these requirements (related to 

disaggregation of data primarily for accountability purposes) are incorporated into the sections of 

the final regulations pertaining to accountability, instead of pertaining to assessments.

Changes: None.

Section 200.12 Single Statewide Accountability System

Comments: A number of commenters asked for clarity about the timeline under which a State

will be required to implement a statewide accountability system, noting the distinction between

the school year in which data are collected and the school year in which schools are

differentiated and identified for support and improvement.

Discussion: While we address specific comments related to the implementation timeline for the

identification of schools in the statewide accountability system in § 200.19, which begins no later

than the 2018-2019 school year, in order to avoid confusion between the year in which a State

collects data to calculate its indicators under § 200.14 and the year in which a State first

differentiates and identifies schools under §§ 200.18 and 200.19, we have removed the reference

to a specific year of implementation in § 200.12.

Changes: We revised § 200.12(a)(1) to strike “beginning no later than the 2017-2018 school

year.”

Comments: One commenter suggested that the Department create, through the regulatory 

process, an education office of the ombudsman for each State that would be an independent 

organization to ensure fair, objective, and transparent investigations of complaints and that 

would resolve data and other disputes related to key elements of statewide accountability 

systems, including meaningful differentiation of all public schools and identification of schools 

to implement comprehensive or targeted support and improvement plans.

Discussion: While we recognize that LEAs or schools may occasionally dispute accountability 

determinations under the ESEA, we believe that States are best positioned to determine an 

appropriate and timely process for resolving such disputes, which may include establishing an 

ombudsman’s office for this purpose without the Department requiring this. We decline to 

change the regulations in this area.

Changes: None.

Comments: Many commenters wrote either in support of or opposition to various aspects of the 

proposed regulations on statewide accountability systems, which are listed in § 200.12, including

indicators under § 200.14 and school improvement plans under §§ 200.21 and 200.22.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

18

Discussion: We appreciate feedback in response to the high-level overview of statewide 

accountability systems in proposed § 200.12. However, we address comments on specific 

components of the accountability system in the sections of the proposed regulations that address 

these specific components. 

Changes: None.

Single System

Comments: A number of commenters wrote generally about the framework for a single 

statewide accountability system; some supported and others opposed the creation of a single 

system. Commenters writing in opposition variously objected to the word “single” as not 

specifically authorized by the statute, described the proposed regulations as an overreach of the 

Department’s authority, and warned that the proposal, contrary to its stated purpose, would

encourage separate State and Federal accountability systems. Other commenters asserted that 

the requirement for a single statewide system would prevent States, LEAs, or charter schools 

from creating their own accountability systems, separate from the accountability system required 

under the ESEA, that are better tailored to local needs. Another commenter asked the 

Department to provide guidance on how to reconcile conflicting school improvement 

identifications that may result from separate State and ESEA accountability systems. Finally, 

one commenter recommended that the regulations permit flexibility for rural schools and 

districts, suggesting, for example, that rural schools be overseen in accordance with State rural 

school laws, similar to the provisions in the statute and § 200.12(a) for public charter schools. 

Discussion: We believe that a single statewide system is necessary to meet ESEA requirements, 

particularly for ensuring that annual meaningful differentiation and identification of schools is 

fair, consistent, and transparent to the public; and to ensure that all schools are treated equitably 

and held to the same expectations. However, the requirement for a single statewide system in §

200.12 for Federal accountability purposes does not preclude a State, LEA, or charter school 

organization from establishing a separate accountability system for its own purposes, including 

school identification and support, should such a system be required under State or local law, or 

desired for other reasons.

Finally, it is not necessary for the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to specifically 

authorize the Secretary to clarify that the statewide accountability system must be a single 

statewide accountability system, as this regulatory requirement is being promulgated pursuant to 

the Secretary’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, and is fully consistent with section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA (see discussion of the Department’s general rulemaking authority under the heading 

Cross-Cutting Issues). Without this clarification, the statutory provision on its own is ambiguous

and could lead to inconsistent or unfair systems of annual meaningful differentiation and 

identification for schools. In addition, the requirement is necessary to reasonably ensure 

compliance with, and falls squarely within the scope of, the requirement in section 1111(c)(1) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

19

Comments: A number of commenters suggested that the Department provide flexibility for 

different accountability systems for certain types of schools, particularly alternative schools, to 

allow for the use of measures that are better suited to describe student outcomes and school 

performance in alternative settings. Specifically, commenters noted a need to differentiate 

accountability requirements associated with the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate to 

allow students in non-traditional settings to achieve high school diplomas without time 

constraints. However, other commenters requested that the Department maintain strong and 

uniform accountability measures for all schools, including those that serve students with unique 

and specialized needs.

Discussion: We agree that certain types of schools, such as alternative high schools, schools 

serving students living in local institutions for neglected or delinquent children, including 

juvenile justice facilities, and very small schools, may have unique concerns and, in some 

instances, need additional flexibility that the statewide accountability system described in §

200.12 may not be able to provide in order to adequately reflect the achievement of the student 

population and overall success of the school. We address this concern in response to comments 

under the subheading Other Requirements in Annual Meaningful Differentiation of Schools in § 

200.18, which we have revised to clarify the differentiation in accountability requirements 

permitted for certain categories of schools that are designed to serve special populations of 

students.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters from tribal organizations suggested that the Department revise 

proposed § 200.12 to require specific provisions in a State’s accountability system for students 

instructed primarily through Native American languages. Another commenter representing 

tribes expressed support for a uniform statewide accountability system in § 200.12, noting that 

the requirements to measure student achievement are critical for the more than 90 percent of 

American Indian and Alaska Native students that attend public schools supported by SEAs.

Discussion: We appreciate the comments addressing unique concerns affecting American Indian 

and Alaska Native students. As described in § 200.12, a State’s accountability system must be 

based on the challenging State academic standards under section 1111(b)(1) of the ESEA and 

academic assessments under section 1111(b)(2). To the extent that commenters requested 

revisions regarding requirements for State assessments, these regulations do not address the 

requirements associated with the specific academic assessments that a State must administer and 

use in its statewide accountability system; rather, such issues will be addressed through the final 

regulations on assessment for title I, part A. Section 200.12 provides broad parameters for State 

accountability systems and does not address the language of instruction used. We agree with the

commenter that a single statewide accountability system is critical to maintain uniform high 

expectations for all students, including American Indian and Alaska Native students, and to close 

achievement gaps.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

20

Discussion: As a technical edit, we have replaced § 200.12(b)(3) to emphasize that the State’s 

accountability system must include all indicators in § 200.14. 

Changes: We have replaced § 200.12(b)(3) with the requirement that the State’s accountability 

system must include all indicators in § 200.14. We have subsequently renumbered proposed 

paragraphs (b)(3) through (b)(5) to (b)(4) through (b)(6), respectively.

Consideration of Additional Academic Subjects

Comments: Multiple commenters expressed that State accountability systems should allow for 

consideration of academic subjects in addition to reading/language arts and mathematics. 

However, several commenters also expressed support for the emphasis on academic achievement 

and high school graduation in the regulations, among the multiple measures of school 

performance that can be included in statewide accountability systems.

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(A)-(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, require each 

State to establish long-term goals and measurements of interim progress and an accountability 

indicator that are based on student academic achievement on the State’s reading/language arts 

and mathematics assessments. Further, section 1111(c)(4)(C) requires that the Academic 

Achievement indicator be one that receives “substantial” weight in the system of annual 

meaningful differentiation of schools. However, we agree with commenters emphasizing that a 

well-rounded education includes subjects beyond reading/language arts and mathematics, and 

this is a valuable opportunity for States under the ESEA. Under the ESEA and our regulations, a

State may include additional subjects in its statewide accountability system. We further address 

this concern in response to comments in §§ 200.13 and 200.14, which establish the requirements 

for the long-term goals and indicators used in the State accountability system.

Changes: None.

Goals and Measurements of Interim Progress

Comments: A few commenters requested that the Department strengthen the language in 

proposed § 200.12(b)(2) requiring that the State’s accountability system be informed by the 

State’s long-term goals and measurements of interim progress under § 200.13. One commenter 

requested that the Department clarify in the text of § 200.12 that the long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress established under § 200.13 must be ambitious. 

Discussion: Section 200.12 is intended to provide a high-level overview of the requirements for 

a single statewide accountability system; section 200.13 fully addresses the requirements for 

long-term goals and measurements of interim progress. In addition, we are revising § 200.14 

(accountability indicators) and § 200.18 (annual meaningful differentiation of school 

performance) to clarify the role of goals and measurements of interim progress in the statewide 

accountability system. We agree with the comment that the regulations would be more precise 

and consistent with the requirements in § 200.13 with the addition of the word “ambitious.”

Changes: We have revised § 200.12(b)(2) to clarify that a State’s accountability system must be 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

21

informed by ambitious long-term goals and measurements of interim progress.

Charter Schools

Comments: A number of commenters supported the requirement in § 200.12 that the statewide 

accountability system applies to all public elementary and secondary schools in the State, 

including public charter schools. Many commenters also supported the additional statutory 

requirement that charter schools be overseen in accordance with State charter school law. One 

commenter noted that including this language helps to clarify that, in general, charter schools are 

subject both to ESEA accountability requirements and any additional accountability expectations 

that State charter school authorizers may establish in accordance with State charter school law. 

For example, a charter authorizer may revoke or decline to renew a charter based on school 

performance measured against the requirements of the charter even if the State is not requiring 

action based on the ESEA accountability requirements. 

Another commenter expressed concern that under the ESEA, as amended by NCLB, State 

charter school laws emphasized the use of high-stakes testing to assess school performance; this

commenter requested that the final regulations support accountability for charter schools based 

on the same multi-measure systems required by the ESEA, as reauthorized by the ESSA, for 

traditional public schools.

A few commenters called for increased regulation and accountability for charter schools. 

Discussion: We appreciate support from commenters stating that the regulations help to clarify 

the applicability of accountability requirements for charter schools under both the ESEA and

State charter school laws, and we believe that it is helpful to further clarify how public charter 

schools are both accountable under the ESEA requirements, as well as the performance 

expectations established under State charter school law and the charter school’s authorizer. For 

example, we agree with the commenter who noted that charter authorizers may still revoke or 

decline to renew a charter based on school performance using the authorizer’s established charter 

review or revocation processes, even if the school is in compliance with the ESSA accountability 

requirements, and are revising the final regulations to specify that in the case of an authorizer 

that acts to revoke or non-renew a school’s charter, such action supersedes the requirements to 

implement a comprehensive or targeted support and improvement plan under §§ 200.21 or 

200.22, respectively, recognizing that State charter school laws may impose more rigorous 

interventions than those required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We also agree that 

public charter schools must be included and held accountable in the statewide accountability 

system using the same methodology (including the same indicators) that is used with traditional 

public schools to annually differentiate school performance and identify schools for support and 

improvement. While accountability for charter schools must be overseen in a way that is 

consistent with State charter school law, this does not exempt charter schools from the State’s 

system of annual meaningful differentiation, identification of schools, and implementation of 

support and improvement plans. We have revised § 200.12(b)(5)-(6) to reiterate the inclusion of 

public charter schools in these components of the statewide accountability system, with a 

corresponding change to § 200.18(a).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

22

Changes: We have revised § 200.12(c)(2) to clarify that if an authorized public chartering 

agency, consistent with State charter school law, acts to decline to renew or to revoke a charter 

for a particular charter school, the decision of the agency to do so supersedes any notification 

from the State that such a school must implement a comprehensive support and improvement or 

targeted support and improvement plan under §§ 200.21 or 200.22, respectively. We have also 

revised § 200.12(b)(5)-(6) to further specify that the requirements for annual meaningful 

differentiation and identification of all public schools include all public charter schools, and 

made a corresponding change to § 200.18(a).

Section 200.13 Long-term Goals and Measurements of Interim Progress

Academic Achievement

Comments: Several commenters expressed support for the requirement that States set long-term 

goals and measurements of interim progress for improved academic achievement based on 

grade-level proficiency as measured on annual State assessments in mathematics and 

reading/language arts.

Other commenters recommended that the Department give States flexibility to use 

different measures in setting long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for academic 

achievement, including individual student growth, metrics that account for student achievement 

at all levels (e.g., average scale scores, proficiency indices), or measures that give credit for

students moving toward proficiency who have not yet attained grade-level proficiency. Some

commenters also stated that the Department’s proposed requirement to base academic 

achievement goals and measurements of interim progress on grade-level proficiency ignores

section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which prohibits the 

Department from prescribing States’ numeric long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress and is inconsistent with Congressional intent to give States flexibility in setting their 

goals.

Commenters also suggested that the grade-level proficiency requirement be retained, but 

revised to reflect that:

• grade-level proficiency must be aligned with minimum State requirements to enroll in college 

or enter a career; and

• achieving proficiency is the minimum goal for academic achievement, and so the phrase “at a 

minimum” should be added before every instance of “grade-level proficiency.”

Discussion: We appreciate the support of commenters for requiring goals based on grade-level 

proficiency. We believe this requirement is both essential to maintain high expectations for all 

students and consistent with the statutory requirements in section 1111(c)(4) of the ESEA for the 

accountability system to be based on the State’s challenging academic standards, which must 

include grade-level academic achievement standards and may include alternate academic 

achievement standards for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities, and in section 

1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(I)(aa) which specifies that the long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress must be measured by proficiency on the State’s annual assessments, which are aligned 

to these achievement standards. We also note that the statutory requirements for challenging 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

23

academic standards under section 1111(b)(1)(D) specify that a State’s standards must align with 

entrance requirements for credit-bearing coursework in the system of public higher education in 

the State and relevant State career and technical education standards, so we do not think it is 

necessary to restate that in this section. We further maintain that for educators, parents, and 

students, but especially, parents and students, information about whether students are performing 

at grade-level lets them know whether their student is meeting their State’s expectations for their 

grade.

In response to commenters who asserted that the proposed requirement violates the 

provision in section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, we note 

that the requirement in § 200.13(a)(1) for States to set goals for academic achievement based on 

grade-level proficiency is consistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, because it does not prescribe the numeric long-term goals that a State 

establishes for academic achievement, or the progress that is expected for each subgroup toward 

those goals. Further, the Department has determined that the requirement in § 200.13(a)(1)is 

necessary to clarify that the reference to academic achievement as “measured by proficiency” in 

section 1111(c)(4)(B)(i)(I) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, means academic achievement 

as measured by the percentage of students attaining grade-level proficiency because, without that 

clarification, the statutory language is vague and ambiguous; absent clarification, States may 

have difficulty determining whether they are complying with the requirement. Moreover, this 

clarification of the statutory requirement is necessary to reasonably ensure that the measure of 

proficiency used in the Academic Achievement indicator is consistent with the requirement in 

section 1111(b)(2)(B)(ii) that a State’s academic assessments provide coherent and timely 

information about whether a student is performing “at the student’s grade level.” In addition, 

given the Department’s rulemaking authority previously described in the discussion of CrossCutting Issues, it is not necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a 

particular regulatory provision. 

We recognize that States may find value in accounting for students who are not yet 

proficient or performing above grade-level or measuring how students are performing against 

other measures of performance, such as student growth. We note that States can set goals for 

measures other than grade-level proficiency for their own purposes, if they so choose, and we 

further discuss in response to comments in § 200.14 how progress and performance of students 

who are below or above the proficient level may be included in the Academic Achievement 

indicator or other indicators in the accountability system and how student growth is included in 

the Academic Progress indicator.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: We have determined that the regulations could provide greater clarity regarding 

how States are expected to set long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for 

academic achievement, to reflect that those goals are measured by the percentage of students 

attaining grade-level proficiency.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

24

Changes: We have revised § 200.13(a)(1) to specify that the goals and measurements of interim 

progress are based on the percentage of students attaining grade-level proficiency on the State’s 

annual assessments.

Comments: Some commenters requested that the Department require States to set goals for 

academic subjects beyond reading/language arts and mathematics, with some asserting that what 

they described as the overly narrow focus on reading/language arts ignores the need for a wellrounded education, including access to arts and music education. One commenter specifically 

recommended that States be required to establish goals for science, while another commenter 

wrote that proposed § 200.13 over-emphasizes student performance on standardized tests.

Discussion: The proposed regulations are consistent with section 1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(I)(aa) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which specifies that States must establish long-term goals and 

interim measurements of progress for, at a minimum, academic achievement on the State’s

reading/language arts and mathematics assessments. The statute gives States flexibility to

establish goals for other subjects if they choose, and we do not wish to limit State discretion to 

address their own needs and priorities in this area in the final regulations. 

Changes: None.

Graduation Rates

Comments: A few commenters requested that the Department clarify what is meant by “more 

rigorous” in regards to the requirement that, if a State chooses to use an extended-year adjusted 

cohort graduation rate as part of its Graduation Rate indicator, the State must establish long-term 

goals for that extended-year rate that are more rigorous than those established for the four-year 

adjusted cohort graduation rate. In particular, two commenters requested clarification that the 

term “more rigorous” refers to the graduation rate and not the academic requirements for 

graduation (e.g., standards, levels of proficiency).

Discussion: We generally intend that the “more rigorous” goals required for extended-year 

cohort graduation rates be higher than those for four-year adjusted cohort graduation rates, but 

we decline to require this in the final regulations in recognition that States have flexibility to 

determine how much higher over a State-determined period of time. We also note that,

consistent with the statute, our regulations for graduation rate goals address only the rates of, and 

not the requirements for, high school graduation.

Changes: None. 

Comments: None.

Discussion: We believe the proposed regulations could provide greater clarity on the expectation 

that the “more rigorous” requirement applies to both the long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress for any extended-year rate that the State chooses to use and are revising § 

200.13(b)(2)(ii) to indicate that both long-term goals and measurements of interim progress 

should be higher for each extended-year rate as compared to long-term goals and measurements 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

25

of interim progress for the four-year rate.

Changes: We have revised § 200.13(b)(2)(ii) so that the requirement for more rigorous 

expectations applies to both the long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for each 

extended-year graduation rate. 

Comments: While a few commenters indicated support for State discretion to establish longterm goals and measurements of interim progress for both four-year and extended-year 

graduation rates, two commenters expressed concern that the four-year rate was over-emphasized 

in the proposed regulations, with a potentially negative impact on schools that focus on dropout 

prevention.

Discussion: We agree that it is important for States to have the flexibility within their 

accountability systems to give credit to schools for students who graduate from high school in 

more than four years, and we believe that the final regulations provide such flexibility. For 

example, § 200.14 allows States to measure the extended-year adjusted cohort rate as part of the 

Graduation Rate indicator. Further, the regulations are aligned with section 

1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(bb)(AA) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which requires that States 

establish goals for the four-year adjusted high school graduation rate.

Changes: None.

Expected Rates of Improvement

Comments: A number of commenters supported the requirement that States establish goals to 

require greater rates of improvement for subgroups of students that are lower-achieving and 

graduate high school at lower rates. Commenters indicated that this requirement is important for 

equity, that it is appropriate to focus on progress for the most disadvantaged student groups, that 

it is important to hold schools accountable for closing achievement and opportunity gaps, and 

that this requirement appropriately expects teachers, principals, and other school leaders to make 

greater progress with historically underserved students. 

However, multiple other commenters opposed this requirement, variously stating that

students progress at different rates; that no subgroup should be expected to progress at a greater 

rate than any other student subgroup; that the requirement is too prescriptive in view of 

Congressional intent to allow States flexibility in establishing goals; and that it ignores section 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which states that nothing in the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, authorizes the Department to prescribe the progress expected 

from any subgroup of students in meeting long-term goals.

Discussion: We appreciate the support of commenters for the proposed regulations on setting 

goals that require greater improvement from lower-performing student subgroups, which we 

believe are essential for clarifying and reasonably ensuring compliance with the requirement in 

section 1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(III) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that a State’s goals for 

subgroups of students who are behind on academic achievement and graduation rates take into 

account the improvement needed to make significant progress in closing gaps on those measures. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

26

We agree with commenters that students make progress at different rates, but believe that it is 

appropriate, with the goal of closing achievement gaps in mind, for States to set goals to make 

greater progress with subgroups of students who are further behind.

Given that the requirement thus falls squarely within the Secretary’s rulemaking authority 

under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA (see discussion of the Department’s 

rulemaking authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues), it is not necessary for the statute 

to specifically authorize the Secretary to issue this particular regulatory requirement. Moreover, 

the requirement does not violate section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because 

the requirement for States to set goals that require greater rates of improvement from lowerperforming subgroups is within the scope of and consistent with section 1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(III) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which requires that a State’s goals for subgroups of 

students who are behind on academic achievement and graduation rates take into account the 

improvement needed to make significant progress in closing gaps on those measures. It is also 

consistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because 

it does not prescribe the numeric long-term goals that a State establishes for academic 

achievement and graduation rates or the progress that is expected for each subgroup toward those 

goals. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters requested that the Department further clarify what is meant by 

requiring “greater rates of improvement” for subgroups of students that are lower-achieving and 

subgroups of students that graduate high school at lower rates. One commenter specifically 

recommended that the Department add language ensuring that States take into account how 

much improvement would be necessary for these subgroups of students to meet long-term goals 

and make significant progress in closing statewide proficiency gaps.

Discussion: We recognize that there are many ways in which States could choose to provide for 

greater rates of improvement and therefore decline to make the requested change. Rather, we 

intend to issue non-regulatory guidance to support States in setting meaningful long-term goals 

and measurements of interim progress.

Changes: None.

English Language Proficiency

Comments: A number of commenters responded to the Department’s directed question asking 

whether, in setting ambitious long-term goals for English learners to achieve ELP, States would 

be better able to support English learners if the proposed regulations included a maximum Statedetermined timeline and, if so, what that maximum timeline should be. Many commenters

appreciated the parameters established in the proposed regulations for using a uniform procedure 

to create long-term goals based on English learners with similar characteristics, but felt that 

English learners would be better served if the proposed regulations also set a maximum Statedetermined timeline for English learners to achieve ELP. The majority of the commenters in 

favor of setting a maximum State-determined timeline supported a maximum timeline of five 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

27

years for English learners to achieve ELP in order to best align with existing research. On the 

other hand, several commenters urged the Department not to set a limit on the maximum Statedetermined timeline for English learners to achieve ELP; these commenters highlighted the 

diversity of the English learner population as a key reason to avoid setting a uniform maximum 

timeline, and worried that such a timeline would create incentives for States to prematurely exit 

English learners from services. Some commenters further believed that limiting the maximum 

State-determined timeline (such as five years) would provide a disincentive for States to adopt 

certain types of evidence-based language instructional education programs, such as duallanguage programs, in which English learners on average achieve proficiency over a longer 

period of time, but have been found to perform better in the academic content areas compared to 

English learners who participated in other types of language instructional education programs. 

In addition, some commenters believed that creating a limit on the maximum timeline in the 

regulations constitutes overreach and goes beyond any necessary requirements to comply with 

the statute.

Discussion: We agree with commenters who stated that the heterogeneity of the English learner 

population would make it difficult to set an appropriate maximum State-determined timeline that 

would be the same across all States for all English learners to achieve ELP. Additionally, the 

Department does not wish to create a disincentive for States in adopting any types of language 

instructional education programs that have been demonstrated to be effective through research, 

nor do we want to encourage States to cease providing necessary services to English learners to 

avoid exceeding a certain timeline.

1

 Although there is a body of research on the time it takes for 

English learners to achieve ELP which would support a maximum State-determined timeline of 

five years, most research identifies a range of years over which English learners typically 

achieve ELP, based on a number of factors including the diverse and unique needs of the English 

learner population.2 Therefore the final regulations do not establish the same maximum Statedetermined timeline across all States for English learners to achieve ELP, but leave that 

determination to States’ discretion.

We believe it is appropriate for a State to retain the flexibility to adopt a uniform 

procedure for establishing its own maximum timeline, with applicable timelines within that 

maximum for each category of English learners to attain proficiency, based on selected student 

characteristics it chooses from the list in § 200.13(c) and research, for purposes of its long-term 

goals. Thus, we are revising the final regulations to require that a State set an overall maximum 

timeline for English learners to achieve ELP on the basis of research and describe its procedure 

 

1 For more information, including resources and links to research, on providing high-quality instruction and supports for English 

learners, please see the Department’s non-regulatory guidance on English Learners and Title III of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, found here: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/essatitleiiiguidenglishlearners92016.pdf. 

2 See, for example, Hakuta, K., Goto Butler, Y., & Witt, D. (2000). “How long does it take English learners to attain 

proficiency?” University of California Linguistic Minority Research Institute Policy Report 2000-1; MacSwan, J., & Pray, L. 

(2005). “Learning English bilingually: Age of onset of exposure and rate of acquisition among English language learners in a 

bilingual education program.” Bilingual Research Journal, 29(3), 653-678; Motamedi, J.G. (2015). “Time to reclassification: 

How long does it take English language learners in the Washington Road Map school districts to develop English proficiency?” 

U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences; and Slavin, R. E., Madden, N. A., Calderón, M. E., Chamberlain, 

A., & Hennessy, M. (2011). “Reading and language outcomes of a five-year randomized evaluation of transitional bilingual 

education.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33 (1), 47-58.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

28

and rationale in its State plan, in § 200.13(c)(2)-(3).

Additionally, based on the comments received in response to the directed question, we 

believe greater clarity is needed to explain how the State-determined maximum timeline interacts 

with the student-level characteristics of English learners included in § 200.13 that are used to set 

timelines and student-level progress targets. More specifically, the proposed regulations were 

not sufficiently clear that a State must create and use a consistent method for evaluating selected 

student-level characteristics, including the student’s level of ELP at the time of a student’s 

identification as an English learner, and, based on those characteristics, determine the 

appropriate timeline for the student to attain ELP within the State’s overall maximum timeline. 

The applicable timeline for a particular category of English learners is then broken down to 

create targets for progress on the annual ELP assessment for that category of English learners. In 

this way, the State’s uniform procedure is used to create student-level targets for English learners 

who share particular characteristics. We are revising § 200.13(c) to provide greater clarity on 

this process for setting timelines and student-level targets. Further, we note that both the 

proposed and final regulations make clear that an English learner must not be exited from 

English learner services or status until attaining English language proficiency, without regard to 

such timeline.

Further, we are revising § 200.13(c) to make a clearer distinction between the Statedetermined maximum timeline that informs the student-level targets (the topic on which we 

asked a directed question in the NPRM) and the overall timeframe for which the State establishes 

long-term goals. Thus, the final regulations specify that the State-level long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress are based on increases in the percentage of all English learners 

in the State who make annual progress toward ELP (i.e., meet their student-level targets, based 

on the uniform procedure described previously). For example, a State’s goal could be that within 

three years, 95 percent of English learners will make sufficient progress, based on the studentlevel targets, on the ELP assessment to achieve ELP within the State’s expected timeline; the 

measurements of interim progress might be 85 percent and 90 percent in years one and two 

respectively. That State may have timelines that expect English learners who started at lower 

proficiency levels to achieve proficiency within 5-7 years, and English learners who start at more 

advanced levels and at younger ages achieving proficiency on shorter timelines. The State will

set the ELP assessment progress targets based on research and data particular to the ELP 

assessment used; for those English learners at the lower levels of proficiency and younger ages, a 

larger score change or level change may typically be expected than for those who started at 

higher proficiency levels and for older students. By tailoring progress targets to categories of 

English learners, the State can realistically expect all English learners to show progress.

Changes: We have revised § 200.13(c) to require that: (1) States identify and describe in their 

State plans how they establish long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for 

increases in the percentage of all English learners in the State making annual progress toward 

attaining ELP; (2) States describe in their State plans a uniform procedure, applied to all English 

learners in the State in a consistent manner, to establish research-based student level targets on 

which their long-term goals and measurements of interim progress are based; and (3) the

description includes a rationale for determining the overall maximum number of years for 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

29

English learners to attain ELP in its uniform procedure for setting research-based, student-level 

targets, and the applicable timelines over which English learners sharing particular 

characteristics are expected to attain ELP within the State-determined maximum number of 

years. We have also revised 200.13(c)(2) to clarify that a State’s uniform procedure includes 

three elements: the selected student characteristics, including the student’s initial level of ELP; 

the applicable timelines (up to a State-determined maximum number of years) for English 

learners sharing particular characteristics to attain ELP after the student’s identification; and the 

student-level targets that expect English learners to make annual progress toward attaining 

English language proficiency within the applicable timelines for such students.

Comments: Several commenters wrote in support of the particular student-level characteristics 

of English learners included in proposed § 200.13(c) that States would use to determine longterm goals and measurements of interim progress for English learners. These commenters 

expressed the view that the proposed regulations would provide States appropriate flexibility to 

establish long-term goals that were tailored to the diverse needs of the English learner population 

and that would support effective instruction for English learners by ensuring goals were 

meaningful and attainable for students and educators.

In addition, a number of commenters recommended including additional student-level 

characteristics, including disability status, the type of language instruction educational program 

an English learner receives, and other State-proposed characteristics that could have an impact 

on a student’s progress in achieving ELP. 

Discussion: We appreciate feedback from commenters on the list of student-level characteristics 

of English learners that may be taken into account in establishing long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress for attaining ELP. While we recognize that research has 

shown that disability status can affect an English learner’s ability to attain proficiency in English, 

and that there are cases (as noted in § 200.16(c)) where a student’s type of disability directly 

prevents him or her from attaining proficiency in all four domains of ELP, we note that there are 

many types of disabilities that have minimal or no impact on an English learner’s ability to attain 

ELP and such a determination would need to be made on an individualized basis. Given this 

complexity and the difficulty in setting rules that would apply consistently to determine when it 

is, and is not, appropriate to set different expectations for attaining ELP for an English learner 

with a disability, we believe it is best to address these issues in non-regulatory guidance.

Similarly, we appreciate that students enrolled in certain types of language instructional 

programs, including dual language programs, may take longer to attain ELP, and it was not our 

intent to discourage LEAs or schools from adopting such methods. However, we believe that the 

current list of characteristics in § 200.13 that may be considered already includes significant 

flexibility for States to design appropriate and achievable goals and measurements of interim 

progress for English learners. We believe that encouraging implementation of high-quality 

programs that support English learners toward acquisition of ELP is better addressed in non-
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

30

regulatory guidance.3

Changes: None.

Comments: Many commenters wrote in support of the general parameters for setting long-term 

goals included in § 200.13(c), noting that they provided States with flexibility to set goals in 

ways that are both ambitious and attainable and recognize the diversity within the English learner 

subgroup. But a few commenters stated that the proposed regulations focused too much on 

attainment of, rather than progress toward, achieving English language proficiency, and would 

require States to establish goals for both progress and proficiency similar to Annual Measurable 

Achievement Objectives (AMAOs) under NCLB. One commenter recommended using the 

statutory language of “making progress in achieving” ELP, rather than “attaining.” Another 

commenter was concerned that proposed § 200.13(c) was contrary to statutory intent in this area, 

and objected to imposing any additional requirements on States regarding their long-term goals 

and measurements of interim progress for English learners, believing such decisions should be 

made by States. 

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ support for § 200.13(c). We also recognize that the 

statute uses progress towards “achieving” rather than “attaining” English language proficiency,

but disagree with commenters that there is a meaningful distinction between “achieving” and 

“attaining” ELP. We further disagree with commenters who asserted that the proposed 

requirements for long-term goals for English Learners making progress in achieving ELP were 

too prescriptive and overly focused on attainment of ELP. We continue to believe that the 

parameters in § 200.13(c) are essential for ensuring that States establish meaningful long-term 

goals and measurements of interim progress that are appropriate for the diverse range of English 

learners found in every State.

Moreover, we do not agree that the requirements in § 200.13(c) would require States to 

establish attainment goals similar to AMAO-2 under the ESEA, as amended by the NCLB. 

Rather, States will set goals and measurements of interim progress based on the percentage of 

students attaining their student-level progress targets each year, as clarified in revised §

200.13(c)(1)-(2). There is no requirement for States to set a goal regarding the number or 

percentage of English learners achieving English language proficiency. 

With respect to the comment that proposed § 200.13(c) was contrary to statutory intent in 

this area, and that any additional requirements regarding long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress for English learners should be left to State discretion, as previously described in 

the discussion of Cross-Cutting Issues, we disagree with the argument that a regulation that sets

parameters on the way a State implements its discretion under the statute is inherently 

 

3 See, for example, the Department’s non-regulatory guidance on English Learners and Title III of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, found here: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/essatitleiiiguidenglishlearners92016.pdf. Please also see the 2016 

policy issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Education Policy Statement on 

Supporting the Development of Children who are Dual Language Learners in Early Childhood Programs which addresses 

bilingualism and nurturing the native and home languages of our youngest learners. The statement and its recommendations can 

be found here: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/dll_policy_statement_final.pdf 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

31

inconsistent with the statute. Further, we believe the parameters established by § 200.13(c) are 

necessary to ensure that the goals set by States, and timelines underlying those goals, are 

reasonable and will help to ensure compliance with the requirement in section 1111(c)(4) that a 

statewide accountability system be designed to improve student academic achievement. The 

regulations do not dictate a specific maximum number of years for any English learner to attain 

proficiency, and do not dictate that a State choose particular student characteristics in setting its 

progress timelines, other than initial ELP level. As explained in the NPRM,4initial ELP level as 

a factor in time-to-proficiency is supported by substantial amounts of research and should help 

ensure fair treatment of schools with high numbers of English learners in the State accountability 

system.

Changes: None. 

Other Topics

Comments: The Department received a variety of supportive comments on proposed § 200.13. 

Several commenters stated that the proposed regulations, in general, give States the authority and 

discretion to establish long-term goals and appreciated the flexibility afforded to States in this 

matter. A few commenters indicated that they appreciated that the Department emphasized 

holding all students to the same high standards of academic achievement. Commenters also 

expressed support for requiring States to: 

• set academic achievement goals for reading/language arts and mathematics separately; 

• establish goals for student subgroups as well as for all students; and 

• use the same multi-year timeline to set long-term goals for all student subgroups.

Discussion: We appreciate the support from commenters for these regulations. We agree that it 

is important for States to have flexibility to establish long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress that are appropriate for their unique contexts. Further, to provide additional 

clarity on these requirements, we are revising § 200.13 to emphasize the required use of the same 

multi-year timeline to set long-term goals for all students and for each subgroup of students, 

except that the requirement for disaggregation of long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress does not apply to goals related to ELP. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.13 so that the requirement for a State to use the same multiyear timeline to achieve its long-term goals for all students and for each subgroup of students 

applies across all three areas in which a State must set long-term goals--achievement, graduation 

rates, and ELP--except that the requirement for disaggregation of long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress does not apply to goals related to ELP.

Comments: A few commenters recommended that the Department adjust the language in §

200.13(a)(2)(i) to clarify what it means to apply the same standards of academic achievement to 

all public schools in the State, except as provided for students with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities. Several commenters recommended that the Department make clear that alternate 

 

4 See: 81 FR 34540, 34544 notes 1 and 2 (May 31, 2016).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

32

academic achievement standards for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities who 

take an alternate assessment must be based on the same grade-level academic content standards 

as for all other students. One commenter suggested that the Department use the phrase 

“academic achievement standards” instead of “standards of academic achievement” to be more 

precise in meaning and consistent with the statute.

Discussion: The Department agrees that it is important for the language of the regulations to be 

clear regarding expectations for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities, to whom

the same grade-level academic content standards apply, even though their progress may be 

assessed using an alternate assessment aligned with alternate academic achievement standards. 

However, because the statute and applicable regulations on standards and assessments address 

these concerns and because this provision is specifically focused on the academic achievement 

standards, we decline to add language regarding grade-level academic content standards in §

200.13. We agree that referencing alternate academic achievement standards, as described in 

section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and changing the phrase 

“standards of academic achievement” to “academic achievement standards” is appropriate and 

helpful to clarify requirements for long-term goals and measurements of interim progress as they 

pertain to students with the most significant cognitive disabilities. 

Changes: We have revised the language in § 200.13(a)(2)(i) to be clear that the requirements for 

long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for academic achievement against gradelevel proficiency refer to the State’s academic achievement standards, as described in section 

1111(b)(1) of the Act, and to make clear that the performance of students with the most 

significant cognitive disabilities may be assessed against alternate academic achievement 

standards defined by the State consistent with section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA. 

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department establish a minimum annual 

percentage increase in proficiency rates necessary to meet the requirement that long-term goals 

and measurements of interim progress be “ambitious.” Another commenter requested that the 

Department establish parameters for what is meant by an interim measurement of progress, 

without specific suggestions for what the parameters should be. 

Discussion: We agree that it will be important for States to establish meaningful and ambitious

long-term goals and measurements of interim progress ambitious, but we believe the final 

regulations provide States with the appropriate level of discretion in this area, consistent with the 

statute. In addition, we intend to issue non-regulatory guidance on this topic to support States in 

setting meaningful long-term goals and measurements of interim progress.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters requested that the Department add clarifying language to 

communicate that scores from assessments given in students’ native languages should be 

included in the accountability system and publicly reported. Additional commenters suggested 

that the Department clarify that a State's long-term goals and measurements of interim progress 

should pertain, where applicable, to a Native American language of instruction for students 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

33

instructed primarily through Native American languages. 

Discussion: We are regulating separately on assessment requirements, but we note that the 

statute provides in section 1111(b)(2)(F) that States make every effort to develop student 

academic assessments in languages that are present to a significant extent in the student 

population. For assessments that are part of a State’s assessment system and that are given to 

English learners in the student’s native language for reading/language arts, mathematics, and 

science, the results would be included in the State’s accountability system. Because this is clear 

under the statute, we do not believe it is necessary to add this to the regulations.

With regard to the comment about instruction through a Native American language, 

nothing in § 200.13 addresses the language of instruction, and thus no change is needed.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that States be required to establish a uniform procedure 

for setting long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for students with disabilities, 

taking into account student characteristics and available research, similar to what is required of 

States in establishing goals for English learners toward achieving ELP under § 200.13(c). This 

commenter suggested that such a process would be beneficial to students with disabilities and 

help ensure that goals for students with disabilities are set in alignment with accountability 

requirements as well as a student’s individualized education program (IEP).

Discussion: The Department included the requirement that States establish uniform procedures 

with regards to setting goals for English learners toward achieving language proficiency in order 

to allow differentiation of goals for categories of English learners that share similar 

characteristics, including initial level of ELP. We believe this is appropriate for English learners, 

given the varied needs and shifting composition of the particular students included in the English 

learner population and for whom the goal is to attain English proficiency and exit the program, 

but do not think it is applicable or appropriate to require States to develop such procedures for 

setting goals for children with disabilities who, while their educational needs also vary, are 

entitled to receive special education and related services for as long as determined necessary by 

their IEP teams in order to receive a free appropriate public education, and who therefore are not 

routinely exiting the subgroup. Rather than a differentiated process based on particular student 

characteristics, we encourage States to consider how they may set long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress in ways that expect greater rates of progress, and result in 

closing educational achievement gaps, for low-performing subgroups, including--if applicable--

children with disabilities. We intend to issue non-regulatory guidance to assist States in these 

efforts.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department make clear that failing to meet a 

State’s established measurements of interim progress and long-term goals is not a violation of the 

law. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

34

Discussion: We do not believe this clarification is necessary, as neither the statute nor the final 

regulations suggest or imply that a failure to meet State-determined goals or measurements of 

interim progress would be considered a violation of the law.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter indicated that the emphasis on on-time graduation and grade-level 

proficiency is contrary to child development because some students require more time and 

support than others to achieve the same goal. 

Discussion: We agree with the commenter that students have unique needs and require different 

types and levels of support and amounts of time to reach certain goals. However, we disagree 

that establishing goals for grade-level proficiency and high school graduation is developmentally 

inappropriate; such goals set high expectations for students and provide valuable information 

about whether students are performing on grade-level and are prepared to graduate from high 

school. Additionally, the regulations align to the requirements in section 1111(c)(4)(A) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that States set long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress for academic achievement based on proficiency on annual assessments and for high 

school graduation rates.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: We have determined that § 200.13(a)(1) and § 200.13(b)(1) could provide greater 

clarity on what information States have to include in their State plans regarding their long-term 

goals and measurements of interim progress and have revised the regulations to make clear that 

States must identify and describe how they established their long-term goals and measurements 

of interim progress. We believe the language in the proposed regulations was vague and that 

without this clarification States may have difficulty determining whether they are complying 

with the requirement.

Changes: We have revised the language in § 200.13(a)(1) and § 200.13(b)(1) to clarify what 

information regarding long-term goals and measurements of interim progress a State must 

include in its consolidated State plan. 

Section 200.14 Accountability Indicators

Comments: One commenter opposed the requirement in proposed § 200.14(a) that the same 

measures be used within each indicator for all schools, asserting that this requirement would 

unfairly penalize students in alternative schools.

Discussion: In general, we believe that statewide accountability systems must include the same 

measures within each indicator in order to provide fair, consistent, and transparent accountability 

determinations. However, as we discuss later in these final regulations, we have revised § 

200.18(d)(1)(iii) to incorporate the flexibility included in proposed § 299.17 that allows States to 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

35

use a different methodology for identifying for comprehensive support and improvement and 

targeted support and improvement schools that are designed to serve unique student populations, 

including alternative schools. Given that flexibility, we decline to make any changes to this 

requirement.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters expressed appreciation for the Department’s clarification in the 

preamble of the NRPM that States can update and modify indicators and measures over time. In 

particular, these commenters noted that such flexibility would allow States to include additional 

indicators as the research basis for such indicators matures, consistent with the proposed 

requirements in section 200.14(d). One commenter suggested we clarify that States may include 

indicators they plan to use in the future, when data is available, within their State plans so that 

their intentions are transparent. 

Discussion: We appreciate the support we received from commenters regarding the flexibility 

for States to change or add measures to their accountability systems over time. As we discussed 

in the NPRM, we recognize that States may want to update their accountability systems after 

receiving additional input or as new data become available. However, because States may not 

yet know which measures they would change or add to their accountability system at a later date, 

we do not believe it would be appropriate to require States to include a discussion of that topic in 

their State plans. Therefore, we decline to add such a requirement to the final regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters broadly opposed the requirements in proposed § 200.14 

and recommended the Department give States as much flexibility as possible in developing and 

implementing indicators and measures within their statewide accountability systems. Some of 

these commenters believe the proposed requirements reduce flexibility for States and LEAs, 

inconsistent with the ESEA. Other commenters asserted that the proposed requirements would 

limit States to a specific number of indicators, contrary to the statutory requirements.

Discussion: We agree with the commenters that States have flexibility in defining the indicators 

that are most appropriate for their context. However, the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA,

includes specific requirements for each indicator and clearly identifies which indicators must be 

included in the accountability system, and these statutory requirements are reflected in the final 

regulations. We also note that under the statute, while States may only have a single indicator of 

Academic Achievement, Academic Progress, Progress in Achieving English Language 

Proficiency, and Graduation Rate, they may have more than one indicator of School Quality or 

Student Success, and neither the statute nor the proposed regulations limit the number of 

indicators of School Quality or Student Success States may include.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters encouraged the Department to require that States report 

disaggregated data on the homeless student subgroup, foster student subgroup, or both, on each 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

36

accountability indicator given the unique needs of students in each of those groups. 

Discussion: We agree with the commenters that foster and homeless students have unique 

educational needs and that it may be helpful for stakeholders to have data on each group’s 

performance on the accountability indicators. To that end, sections 1111(h)(1)(C)(ii) and 

1111(h)(1)(C)(iii)(II) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, require that each State report on

disaggregated academic achievement and graduation rates for students identified as homeless or 

as a child in foster care. However, section 1111(c)(2), which identifies subgroups for the 

purposes of accountability, does not include such students and, thus, reporting on those 

subgroups is not required for the other accountability indicators. While States are certainly 

welcome, and even encouraged, to report separately on the performance of homeless and foster 

students on all of the accountability indicators, the Department declines to add such a reporting 

requirement.

Changes: None.

Comments: In discussing the requirement for a single summative rating in proposed § 200.18, 

one commenter recommended specifying that the rating be based on all accountability indicators, 

including the performance of all students and each subgroup of students on the State’s long-term 

goals and measurements of interim progress.

Discussion: We agree with the commenter that it is critical for the annual meaningful 

differentiation of schools, as described in § 200.18, to be based on all indicators. Further, we 

appreciate that this suggestion highlighted a statutory requirement that was not sufficiently 

recognized in the proposed regulations. Under section 1111(c)(4)(B)(i) and (iii) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, indicators of Academic Achievement and Graduation Rates must be 

based on a State’s long-term goals and measurements of interim progress. Accordingly, we 

believe it is best to address this comment in § 200.14, rather than in § 200.18, so that we may 

emphasize this relationship in the requirements related to indicators, rather than the overall 

system of annual meaningful differentiation.

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(b)(1) and (3) to specify that the Academic Achievement 

and Graduation Rate indicators must be based on the long-term goals established under § 200.13.

Comments: A few commenters requested that the accountability indicators include specific 

provisions for students instructed primarily through Native American languages, including a 

disaggregated subgroup for such students, and provisions relating to inclusion of assessment 

scores of such students. 

Discussion: We decline to add specific provisions for students instructed through a specific 

language medium or through a particular instructional approach. In addition, the student 

subgroups for the indicators are specifically required by the statute (section 1111(c)(2) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA), and we decline to expand those subgroups. 

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

37

Academic Achievement Indicator

Comments: Numerous commenters recommended clarifying the requirement in proposed § 

200.14(b)(1)(i) so that it allows for a greater range of approaches in how States measure gradelevel proficiency in the Academic Achievement indicator. Some commenters were concerned 

that the Department’s interpretation of “grade-level proficiency” would mean only the 

percentage of students that attain a proficient score on State assessments would be recognized in 

the indicator, which they feel narrowly focuses States and schools on students just below or just 

above the State’s achievement standards for proficiency. A few commenters instead 

recommended modifying the final regulation to affirmatively permit States to use a measure of 

achievement that considers student performance at multiple levels of achievement in order to 

measure grade-level proficiency. Some of these commenters requested flexibility for States to 

examine student performance at each level of achievement on the State’s academic achievement 

standards and create an index that awards partial credit to a student who is not yet proficient and 

additional credit to a student who is at an advanced level. Similarly, other commenters 

suggested permitting States to consider a school’s average scale score, rather than proficiency 

rates, as the measure of grade-level proficiency in the Academic Achievement indicator.

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(B)(i)(I) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, states that the 

Academic Achievement indicator must be “measured by proficiency on the annual assessments 

required under subsection (b)(2)(B)(v)(I),” and we agree with commenters that further clarity on 

this language is needed. Because proficiency must be measured by the State’s annual 

assessments, we believe it is helpful to clarify that grade-level proficiency in § 200.14 means, at 

a minimum, a measure of student performance at the proficient level on the State’s academic 

achievement standards. 

We share the commenters’ concerns that a focus exclusively on percent proficient could 

create an incentive for schools to focus too narrowly on students who are just above, or just 

below, the threshold for attaining proficiency and that additional ways of measuring proficiency 

could improve the statistical validity and reliability of a State’s accountability system. For these 

reasons, we are revising § 200.14(b)(1)(ii) to clarify that the scores of students at other levels of 

achievement may be incorporated into the Academic Achievement indicator. Under the 

revisions to § 200.14(b)(1)(ii), a State that chooses to recognize schools for the performance of 

students that are below the proficient level and, at its discretion, for the performance of students 

that are above the proficient level within the Academic Achievement indicator must do so in a 

way such that (1) a school receives less credit for the score of a student that is not yet proficient

than for the score of a student that has reached or exceeded proficiency, and (2) the credit a 

school receives for the score of an advanced student does not fully mask or compensate for the 

performance of a student who is not yet proficient. For example, a State may award each school 

0.5 points in the achievement index for every student that scores at a level below the proficient 

level on the State’s assessment, 1.0 points for every student that achieves a score at the proficient 

level, and 1.25 points for every student that scores at levels above the proficient level, but may 

not award 1.5 points for each of these more advanced students (as such an approach would fully 

compensate for the performance of a student who is not yet proficient). These safeguards allow 

for the scores of students at other levels of achievement to contribute toward a school’s overall 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

38

determination, consistent with many commenters’ concerns, while minimizing the extent to 

which the inclusion of measures of student performance at other levels may detract from the 

required information in the indicator: proficiency on the State assessments. In addition, we note 

that all States, including those that choose to adopt an achievement index, must report 

information on its State and LEA report cards under section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, and § 200.32, disaggregated by each subgroup of students, on the number and 

percentage of students performing at each level of achievement; this provides another safeguard 

to ensure that information on proficiency on the State assessments is clear and transparent. 

Because the calculation of an average scale score treats scores above the proficient level 

the same as scores below the proficient level, however, the use of such scores in the Academic 

Achievement indicator could result in an average scale score for the school above the proficient 

level even if a majority of the students in the school are not yet proficient. Such an outcome on 

the Academic Achievement indicator would not be consistent with the statutory requirement to 

measure students’ proficiency on the State assessments, and is thus excluded from the list of 

additional measures that a State may incorporate in its Academic Achievement indicator under 

new § 200.14(b)(1)(ii).

We also note that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, offers ample flexibility for States 

to account for student progress and achievement at all levels in their statewide accountability 

systems, particularly by using measures of student growth in the Academic Progress indicator

(for elementary and middle schools) or Academic Achievement indicator (for high schools), or 

in, for example, measures related to students taking and succeeding in accelerated coursework or 

the percentage of students scoring at advanced levels on statewide assessments as a School 

Quality or Student Success indicator. We strongly encourage States to consider these other ways 

to help recognize the work schools are doing to help low-performing students reach grade-level 

standards and high-performing students in maintaining excellence and support schools in 

increasing access to advanced pathways for all students, while maintaining the focus of the 

Academic Achievement indicator on grade-level proficiency based on the State assessments. 

Changes: We have revised and reorganized § 200.14(b)(1)(i)-(ii) to clarify that the Academic 

Achievement indicator must include a measure of student performance at the proficient level 

against a State’s academic achievement standards, and may also include measures of student 

performance below or above the proficient level, so long as (1) a school receives less credit for 

the performance of a student that is not yet proficient than for the performance of a student at or 

above the proficient level; and (2) the credit a school receives for the performance of a more 

advanced student does not fully compensate for the performance of a student who is not yet 

proficient.

Comments: A number of commenters supported the requirements in §§ 200.13 and 200.14 that 

require academic achievement to be measured based on grade-level proficiency, as an important 

check to align school accountability requirements with challenging State academic standards and 

to ensure all students and subgroups of students are supported in meeting rigorous academic 

expectations. However, several commenters generally opposed the use of student test scores in 

the Academic Achievement indicator, or asserted that the proposed requirements would continue 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

39

an overemphasis on test-based accountability systems. 

Discussion: We agree with commenters that it is important for the Academic Achievement 

indicator to include a measure of students’ grade-level proficiency, aligned with the State’s 

challenging academic standards, as a way to promote excellence for all students. We also 

believe this provision is critical to fulfill the statutory purpose of title I to close educational 

achievement gaps, and are revising the final regulations to make the alignment of grade-level 

proficiency with the State’s challenging academic standards clearer.

While we recognize other commenters’ concerns regarding a focus on grade-level 

proficiency on State assessments in the Academic Achievement indicator, we disagree that its 

inclusion is unwarranted. First, section 1111(c)(4) of the ESEA requires the accountability 

system to be based on the State’s challenging academic standards, which includes challenging 

academic achievement standards for each grade level and subject that must be assessed and 

included in the accountability system. Second, section 1111(c)(4)(B)(i) specifies that the 

Academic Achievement indicator must be measured by proficiency on the annual assessments 

required by section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I), which must assess student performance against the 

challenging academic achievement standards for the grade in which a student is enrolled, and in 

the case of students with the most significant cognitive disabilities, may assess performance 

against alternate academic achievement standards that are aligned with the State’s academic 

content standards for the grade in which a student is enrolled. In addition, section 1111(c)(4)(C) 

of the ESEA requires that the Academic Achievement indicator receive “substantial” weight in 

the accountability system, a distinction not afforded to the indicators of School Quality or 

Student Success, thus demonstrating intent that the Academic Achievement indicator based on 

State assessments receive greater emphasis in statewide accountability systems.

Finally, there are significant opportunities for States to design multi-measure 

accountability systems under the law and the final regulations that emphasize student 

performance and growth at all levels, not just proficient and above, as well as non-test-based 

measures that examine whether the school is providing a high-quality and well-rounded 

education. For example, we encourage States to consider using measures of student growth on 

their annual assessments, as these measures can identify schools where students that are not yet 

proficient but are making significant gains over time and closing achievement gaps. States may 

also consider adding measures related to students taking and succeeding in accelerated 

coursework as a School Quality or Student Success indicator to recognize the work schools are 

doing with high-performing students and encourage schools to increase access to and 

participation in advanced pathways for all students. 

Changes: We have revised and reorganized § 200.14(b)(1)(i) to clarify that a grade-level 

proficiency measure is based on the State’s academic achievement standards under section 

1111(b)(1) of the Act, including alternate academic achievement standards for students with the 

most significant cognitive disabilities defined by the State consistent with section 1111(b)(1)(E) 

of the Act.

Comments: A few commenters supported the requirement in proposed § 200.14(b)(1)(i) that a 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

40

State’s Academic Achievement indicator equally measure grade-level proficiency on the 

statewide reading/language arts and mathematics assessments required under title I of the ESEA.

Other commenters opposed this requirement, with some misunderstanding it as a requirement for

equivalent assessments in both subjects (despite being based on different academic standards)

and others asserting that it is inconsistent with the statute, including section 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(IV)-(V) of the ESEA regarding the Secretary’s authority to regulate on the 

weight of any measure or indicator or the specific methodology that States use to meaningfully 

differentiate and identify schools. 

Discussion: We disagree with commenters that the Department lacks authority to regulate in this 

area, given the Secretary’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and that these regulations fall squarely within the scope of 

section 1111(c)(4), consistent with section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA (see 

discussion of the Department’s general rulemaking authority under the heading Cross-Cutting 

Issues). Moreover, these regulations are consistent with our rulemaking authority given that 

section 1111(c)(4) requires the statewide accountability system to be based on the challenging 

State academic standards for both reading/language arts and mathematics and section 

1111(c)(4)(B)(i)(I) requires the indicator to measure proficiency in both subjects. However, we 

agree with other commenters that the proposed requirement to equally measure grade-level 

proficiency on State assessments in reading/language arts and mathematics was ambiguous, and 

that it could be misinterpreted to require these assessments to be able to be equated (e.g., by 

using the same scale), even though they must be based on separate academic content and 

achievement standards. In response, we are removing the requirement, and believe it is more 

appropriate to address how reading/language arts and mathematics, as measured by the State 

assessments, may be meaningfully considered within the Academic Achievement indicator in 

non-regulatory guidance.

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(b)(1) to remove the requirement for States to “equally 

measure” proficiency in reading/language arts and mathematics. 

Comments: One commenter suggested the Department replace the slash (/) in “reading/language 

arts” with “or” to make the language consistent with the statutory requirements to assess students 

in reading or language arts.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s point that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, uses 

“reading or language arts” to describe the academic content standards in these subjects. We note

that the prior authorizations of the ESEA, the NCLB and the Improving America’s Schools Act 

of 1994, also used the term “reading or language arts” to describe standards in these subjects, 

while the corresponding regulations on such acts used the term “reading/language arts.” As this 

is consistent with policy and practice for over two decades as a way to describe the body of 

content knowledge in this subject area--and we are unaware of significant confusion on this 

matter--we believe it is unnecessary to change “reading/language arts” in § 200.14 and other 

sections in the final regulations.

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

41

Comments: A couple of commenters supported the requirement to calculate the Academic 

Achievement indicator, based on student participation in the State’s annual assessments, by using 

the greater of 95 percent of all enrolled students or the number of students that participated in 

such assessments. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support for the clarification in proposed §

200.14(b)(1) of the requirements for calculating the Academic Achievement indicator.

Changes: None.

Comments: In order to allow States to incorporate measures of student growth into their 

accountability systems, one commenter asked the Department to clarify that, consistent with the 

proposed requirements for high schools, an elementary or middle school could also include 

growth on the statewide assessments in its Academic Achievement indicator as part of a 

composite index and to include parameters to ensure these growth measures are meaningful and 

reflect student learning.

Discussion: We agree with the commenter that States should have the ability to incorporate 

student growth into their accountability systems, but disagree that growth measures are 

permissible in the Academic Achievement indicator for non-high schools. Section 

1111(c)(4)(B)(i)(II) of the ESEA specifies that, for high schools, States may include a measure 

of student growth on State assessments as part of the Academic Achievement indicator. 

However, the statute specifies that for elementary and middle schools, student growth may be 

included in the Academic Progress indicator described in section 1111(c)(4)(B)(ii) rather than 

the Academic Achievement indicator. We also note that States may include a measure of student 

growth as part of a School Quality or Student Success indicator, consistent with the requirements 

in § 200.14, providing ample opportunity for States to include measures of growth in their 

indicators. Finally, because the use of student growth measures is optional and because section 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(III) limits the Department from prescribing specific metrics used to measure 

growth, we believe additional considerations for States in measuring student growth are best 

addressed in non-regulatory guidance. 

Changes: None.

Academic Progress Indicator

Comments: Several commenters supported the use of growth in a State’s accountability system 

and the flexibility provided around growth. One commenter asserted that a State should not be 

allowed to include growth on statewide assessments in its State’s system unless or until 

adjustments can be made to account for factors beyond a school or teacher’s control, including 

homelessness and poverty.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support for the inclusion for growth in statewide 

accountability systems, but believe that States should have discretion, consistent with the statute, 

to develop and implement their own measures of student growth so long as those measures meet 

the other requirements of § 200.14, including validity, reliability, and comparability. The 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

42

Department declines to restrict the growth models that States may use in order to provide States 

flexibility to develop a model appropriate for their State context, so long as it is consistent with 

the other requirements.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters opposed what they described as the proposed requirement that a 

State’s Academic Progress indicator be based on a measure of growth on the statewide 

assessments in reading/language arts or mathematics. These commenters noted that the statutory 

language does not require a growth score based on statewide assessments for the purposes of 

calculating the Academic Progress indicator and that the Department should not limit States to 

using growth based solely on test scores.

Discussion: While we appreciate the commenters’ concern, the requirements do not limit States 

to using growth based solely on statewide assessment results. Under § 200.14(b)(2), a State may 

include either a measure of student growth based on annual reading/language arts and 

mathematics assessments or another academic measure that meets the requirements of §

200.14(c). For example, a State could measure achievement on reading/language arts or 

mathematics on a different assessment or could measure achievement in science on the statewide 

science assessment within the Academic Progress indicator. Given this existing flexibility, the 

Department declines to make any additional changes.

In addition, as noted earlier in these regulations, it is not necessary for the statute to 

specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision, given the 

Secretary’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, and that these regulations fall squarely within the scope of section 

1111(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e) (see discussion 

of the Department’s general rulemaking authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues).

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter encouraged the Department to require a State electing to include 

student growth in its Academic Progress indicator to use a valid and reliable growth model that 

adequately measures student growth for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities

taking the alternate assessment. The commenter also asked the Department to clarify that States 

may not use an alternative growth measure, such as growth based on meeting IEP goals, for such 

students. Another commenter noted more generally that we should recognize individual growth 

for students with disabilities.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ interest in ensuring that students with the most 

significant cognitive disabilities taking an alternate assessment aligned with alternate academic 

achievement standards are appropriately included in any measure within the Academic Progress 

indicator. Section 200.14(a) requires that all indicators measure performance for all students and 

subgroups, including students with disabilities, and § 200.14(c) requires that any measure used 

by a State within the Academic Progress indicator be valid, reliable, and comparable, and 

calculated in the same way for all schools across the State. Together, these provisions require 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

43

that States choose a measure that includes all students, including those who take an alternate 

assessment based on alternate academic achievement standards. Therefore, a State could not use 

statewide assessment results for some students and growth based on meeting IEP goals for other 

students. Given these existing parameters, we decline to add additional requirements.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department use more general language when 

discussing the proposed Academic Progress indicator. The commenter suggested referring to 

this indicator as “Another Indicator” or “Growth or Other Academic Indicator,” which the

commenter believed aligned more closely with the statutory description of this indicator. 

Discussion: The Department believes the term “Academic Progress” is aligned with the 

description of the indicator under section 1111(c)(4)(B)(ii), which requires that such an indicator 

measure academic performance of students in elementary and middle schools and allow for 

meaningful differentiation. Use of the term “Academic Progress” is also necessary to reasonably 

ensure a clear distinction between the Academic Achievement indicator required by section 

1111(c)(4)(B)(i) and the indicator required by section 1111(c)(4)(B)(ii). It thus falls squarely 

within the scope of title I, part A of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 

1111(e), and the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 

1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA (see discussion under the heading Cross-Cutting 

Issues).

Changes: None.

Graduation Rate Indicator

Comments: One commenter requested the Department clarify that the Graduation Rate indicator 

may include only four-year and extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rates and not other 

measures related to graduation, including dropout rates or completer rates. Another commenter 

recommended allowing alternative measures or indicators, such as a high school completion 

indicator, in order to recognize schools that help students complete alternate pathways in more 

than four years.

Discussion: Consistent with section 1111(c)(4)(B)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

the Graduation Rate indicator may only include the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate, 

and, at the State’s discretion, any extended year adjusted cohort graduation rates the State uses, 

consistent with the requirements in § 200.34. Consequently, the regulations do not permit a State 

to include other measures related to high school completion, including dropout or completer rates

or alternate diplomas based on high school equivalency, in this indicator, and we believe this is 

accurately reflected in § 200.14(c)(3). We note that States would have discretion to include 

other measures of high school completion in a School Quality or Student Success indicator, if 

such measures met all applicable requirements in § 200.14. 

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

44

Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency Indicator

Comments: A few commenters expressed support for the provisions pertaining to the Progress in 

Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator in proposed § 200.14(b)(4), including the 

requirement that the indicator take into account a student’s initial ELP level and, at a State’s 

discretion, the allowable student-level characteristics described in § 200.13(c), consistent with 

the State’s uniform procedure for establishing long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress for ELP.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support and are renumbering and revising § 

200.14(b)(4)(ii) to better align with the final requirements in § 200.13 related to the Statedetermined timelines, including the State-determined maximum number of years, for each 

English learner to attain ELP after their initial identification as an English learner, which 

includes consideration of a student’s initial level of ELP and may include additional studentlevel factors as described in § 200.13.

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(b)(4) to better align with the final requirements in §

200.13(c) for considering student—level characteristics of English learners and determining 

applicable timelines, within a State-determined maximum number of years, for each English 

learner to attain ELP as the basis for setting long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress in setting. 

Comments: Several commenters suggested that multiple measures, specifically those not based 

on performance on the State’s annual ELP assessment, be used to calculate the Progress in 

Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator in order to better align with the criteria that 

many States use to exit students from English learner status.

Discussion: The ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, states that the Progress in Achieving English 

Language Proficiency indicator must be measured by the assessments described in section 

1111(b)(2)(G) (the annual ELP assessment) for all English learners in grades 3-8 and once in 

high school, with progress measured against the ELP assessment results from the previous grade. 

The Department does not have discretion to permit additional measures beyond the State’s ELP 

assessment to be used to calculate this indicator. However, we are clarifying the final 

regulations to specify that a State may, at its discretion, measure the progress of English learners 

in additional grades toward achieving English language proficiency on the State’s ELP 

assessment in the indicator, particularly given the large and growing number of English Learners 

enrolled in the early grades. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(b)(4) to clarify that the Progress in Achieving English 

Language Proficiency indicator must measure English learner performance on the State’s annual 

ELP assessment required in “at least” each of grades 3 through 8 and in grades for which English 

learners are assessed under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA.

Comments: Several commenters supported the requirement that, for calculating the Progress in 

Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, a State must use an objective and valid 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

45

measure of progress on the State’s ELP assessment. However, other commenters opposed this 

requirement, arguing that States should have greater flexibility when determining the best

measure to determine an English learner’s progress.

Discussion: The Department agrees that States should have flexibility to determine which 

measure of progress on the ELP assessment to use for calculating performance on the Progress in 

Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator. However, we believe that the requirement 

that any measure a State selects be objective and valid is critical to ensuring that a State’s 

accountability system fairly and meaningfully includes the progress of English learners. We 

maintain that the final regulations provide sufficient flexibility to States in developing this 

indicator, while upholding critical parameters that will help States effectively support English 

learners. We therefore agree with commenters that valid and objective measures must be used in 

the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator and decline to make changes.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter attested that proposed § 200.14(b)(4) conflicts with proposed §

200.13(c), because the former allows a State to include attainment of proficiency within the 

Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, while the latter requires that a 

State’s long-term goals and measurements of interim progress expect that all English learners 

attain proficiency within a State-determined period of time. Another commenter recommended 

that all references to attainment of ELP be struck in the final regulations.

Discussion: The Department is revising § 200.13(c) to clarify how the attainment of English 

language proficiency factors into a State’s long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress, as described in response to comments on § 200.13(c). Accordingly, we are revising § 

200.14(b)(4) to better align with those requirements, such as by clarifying in § 200.14(b)(4)(ii) 

that the measures in this indicator must be aligned to the applicable timelines for each English 

learner to attain proficiency after their initial identification as an English learner, within a Statedetermined maximum number of years. Further, we note that the provision in § 200.14(b)(4)(iii) 

is permissive in that States may, but are not required to, include a measure of proficiency in 

setting the indicator. We also disagree that the proposed requirements inappropriately provide 

discretion for States to measure attainment of ELP and believe that a measure of attaining ELP, 

if a State chooses to include one, can be complementary to the information on progress that is 

required in the indicator, providing schools additional information about how they are supporting 

the diverse range of English learners found in their communities. Therefore we are maintaining 

this discretion for States in § 200.14(b)(4)(iii). 

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(b)(4)(ii) to better align with § 200.13 and clarify that the 

measures in this indicator must be consistent with the applicable timelines for each English 

learner to attain proficiency after the student’s initial identification as an English learner, within 

the State-determined maximum number of years.

Comments: A few commenters suggested that the Department require that States aggregate the 

results of English learners on the ELP assessment at the school level (i.e., not at each grade level) 

for the purposes of meeting the State’s minimum n-size and calculating performance on the
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

46

Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator. 

Discussion: The Department agrees with the commenters’ goal to ensure that the assessment 

results of as many English learners as possible are included when calculating performance on the 

Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator. However, we do not believe that 

the statute allows the Department to require States to apply their minimum n-sizes at the school 

level. We note that States may average data across grades and school years under § 200.20(a), 

summing the number of students with available data in order to meet the State’s minimum n-size

and ensure appropriate school-level accountability for student subgroups, and we encourage 

States to consider this practice as a way to maximally include English learners (as described 

further in response to comments we received on §§ 200.17 and 200.20).

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter did not support the reference to student growth percentiles in 

proposed § 200.14(b)(4)(ii) as an example of a potential measure for the Progress in Achieving 

English Language Proficiency indicator that would be valid and objective. The commenter 

attested that student growth percentiles may be an inappropriate measure for older, recently 

arrived English learners.

Discussion: We continue to believe that student growth percentiles are an appropriate example 

of a measure for the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator and note that 

States have final discretion over the measure or measures selected for use in this indicator, so 

long as they meet all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. However, we are revising

§ 200.14(b)(4)(i) to further clarify our intent that other methods of measuring progress are also 

permitted, so long as they assess progress toward achieving ELP for an English learner from the 

prior year to the current year.

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(b)(4)(i) to indicate that the objective and valid measures of 

progress for English learners toward ELP are based on students’ current year performance on the 

ELP assessment as compared to the prior year.

Comments: One commenter stated that requiring the measurement of the Progress in Achieving 

English Language Proficiency indicator on an annual basis is inconsistent with the statute.

Discussion: Annually measuring performance on the Progress in Achieving English Language 

Proficiency indicator is fully consistent with section 1111(c)(4)(B) of the Act, which requires all 

indicators to be annually measured for all students and subgroups of students. The exception 

included in the statute, which may have misled the commenter, is not an exception to the

requirement for annual measurement; rather, it is an exception to the requirement for 

disaggregation. The indicator for Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency is based 

only on the English learner subgroup and is not required to be further disaggregated by the other

categories of students described in § 200.16(a)(2). We have revised § 200.14(a)(1) to clarify this 

statutory exception to the requirement for disaggregation of indicators.

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(a)(1) and (c)(3) to specify that all indicators must be 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

47

disaggregated for each subgroup, with the exception of the Progress in Achieving English 

Language Proficiency indicator.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department require that States use a measure 

in the Progress on Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator based on reducing the 

number of students who are long-term English learners in middle school and high school.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s suggestion, but note that requiring additional 

measures within this indicator for English learners, particularly those that are not inclusive of all 

English learners and only include the progress of a subset of English learners, would be 

inconsistent with section 1111(c)(4)(B)(iv) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None.

School Quality or Student Success Indicator

Comments: Several commenters supported the inclusion of requirements for School Quality or 

Student Success indicators in the proposed regulations, generally expressing appreciation for a

more holistic approach to accountability under the ESSA that looks at indicators beyond test 

scores and graduation rates. A number of commenters continued to be concerned that

accountability systems at the State level were focused solely on assessment results and 

graduation rates, and one commenter was concerned that States were only required to include 

one measure beyond standardized tests.

Some commenters generally recommended that States be given broad flexibility in 

developing and implementing indicators of School Quality or Student Success within their new 

statewide accountability systems.

Discussion: We agree with commenters that the inclusion of the School Quality or Student 

Success indicator(s) in the statewide accountability systems required by the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, presents an opportunity for States to develop robust, multi-measure accountability 

systems that help districts and schools ensure each student has access to a well-rounded 

education and that take into account factors other than test scores and graduation rates in 

differentiating school performance. Given that States must include indicators beyond academic 

achievement and graduation rates, we disagree with commenters who asserted that accountability 

systems are solely focused on these factors. We recognize that the statute requires only one 

School Quality or Student Success indicator, but anticipate that most States will take advantage 

of statutory flexibility to develop or adopt multiple indicators, particularly in view of the 

examples included in the statute itself.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters suggested that the Department add a requirement that States hold 

schools accountable for providing students with access to programs that address particular needs 

of students, including access to arts, music, and world language programs, in order to support 

development of the whole child. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

48

Discussion: We share the commenters’ interest in ensuring that all students receive a wellrounded education that will prepare them for success beyond the classroom. However, the 

Department is statutorily prohibited from mandating curricula either directly or indirectly, as 

such decisions are a State and local responsibility.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter opposed the use of “Standard Core” measures within the School 

Quality or Student Success indicator because such measures lacked empirical evidence.

Discussion: While we appreciate the commenter’s concern about the use of measures that lack 

evidence, we are not clear which measures the commenter is referencing; therefore, we cannot 

respond to the comment. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter raised specific questions about whether, if a State used a survey to 

collect data on its School Quality or Student Success indicator, the State must survey all students 

or whether the data must be reflective of all students, or only those that are full academic year 

students. Additionally, the commenter sought clarity about whether a State could choose to 

measure only some grades within a range, so long as all schools in the State had one or more of 

the grades to be measured. For example, the commenter wanted to know if a State could 

measure a School Quality or Student Success indicator for grades kindergarten, 3, and 5, instead 

of each grade in a kindergarten-5 school. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s request for clarity about implementation of the 

specific indicators and measures within the statewide accountability system, but believe that nonregulatory guidance is a more appropriate way to address such questions. Generally, the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, and § 200.14 of the regulations recognize that some indicators will not 

include all grades in a school. For example, the Graduation Rate indicator only includes the 

results of students that are part of the cohort of students graduating in a given year, and the 

Academic Achievement indicator only includes the results of students taking assessments in 

specific grades (i.e., grades 3-8 and one grade in high school). Therefore, it does not seem 

unreasonable that an indicator of School Quality or Student Success would only include the 

results of a specific grade. For example, a State may choose to use as an indicator, for middle 

schools, the percentage of eighth grade students that have already received credit for a course 

such as Algebra I. To the specific question about whether States must include only those 

students who are full academic year students in measuring the School Quality or Student Success 

indicator, section 1111(c)(4)(F) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, allows a State to exclude 

the performance of students who do not attend the same school within an LEA for at least half 

of a school year on the Academic Achievement, Academic Progress, Progress in Achieving 

English Language Proficiency, and the School Quality or Student Success indicators for 

accountability purposes. However, all students should be included for the purposes of reporting 

performance on State and LEA report cards under §§ 200.30 and 200.31.

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

49

Comments: Some commenters suggested the Department require States to undertake stakeholder 

consultation specific to the development of meaningful indicators of School Quality or Student 

Success. For example, one commenter recommended the Department require States to convene 

summer and other out-of-school partners for input, because these stakeholders have expertise in 

supporting and measuring students’ social-emotional development. Other commenters 

recommended that States be required to consult with the diverse community of professionals that 

contribute to student success, including instructional support staff.

Discussion: We agree with commenters that States should engage in robust and meaningful 

consultation with diverse stakeholders related to the development or adoption of the State’s 

indicators of School Quality or Student Success. In fact, the Secretary issued a Dear Colleague 

Letter to States on June 22, 2016, to emphasize the importance of early and meaningful 

stakeholder engagement.5States should be working now with a broad array of stakeholders on 

formulating new statewide accountability and support systems. Additionally, under §§ 299.13 

and 299.15, States are required to consult with many stakeholders, including teachers, principals, 

other school leaders, paraprofessionals, specialized instructional support personnel, and 

organizations representing such individuals, as well as community-based organizations, in the 

development of the State plan. One component of that plan is a description and information 

about which indicators the State plans to use in its statewide accountability system, including 

School Quality or Student Success indicators. The Department encourages States to engage 

stakeholders meaningfully in the development of State plans, including School Quality or 

Student Success indicators, and believes that existing consultation and State plan requirements 

provide sufficient opportunity for input on State selection of these indicators; therefore, we

decline to add further requirements specific to this category of indicators to the final regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters suggested the Department require States to hold schools 

accountable for a wide range of specific indicators of School Quality or Student Success. For 

example, commenters suggested that States be required to hold schools accountable for the 

presence of wrap-around services, access to preschool, and career and technical programs.

Other commenters suggested the Department provide additional examples of measures 

and indicators of School Quality or Student Success within the regulatory requirements but not 

require States to use specific indicators. For example, these commenters suggested that the 

Department highlight health-based measures, specific measures of school climate and school 

discipline, and measures of participation in advanced or gifted programs.

Other commenters expressed interest in examples, which could be made available either 

in regulation or non-regulatory guidance, of valid and reliable indicators that could measure 

School Quality or Student Success and support equity and excellence, as well as tools that may 

be used to measure performance on these indicators (e.g., existing student survey tools).

 

5 See: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/secletter/160622.html. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

50

Discussion: We appreciate the strong interest of commenters in requiring or highlighting a wide 

range of measures that States could include in their indicators of School Quality or Student 

Success, as well as the recognition that States likely will need assistance in selecting high-quality 

indicators. However, we believe that requiring the inclusion of specific measures would be 

inconsistent with the statute, and we believe that non-regulatory guidance is a more appropriate 

vehicle for offering additional examples and tools to help States select valid, reliable, and 

comparable indicators of School Quality or Student Success. Therefore, we decline to include 

additional examples of indicators of School Quality or Student Success, beyond the list in § 

200.14(b)(5), which includes only those examples provided in section 1111(c)(4)(B)(v) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We plan to issue non-regulatory guidance that will provide 

additional examples of indicators of School Quality or Student Success that States may choose to 

include in statewide accountability systems.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters provided feedback or recommendations related to the examples 

of School Quality or Student Success indicators the Department listed in the preamble of the 

NPRM, with some expressing concern that the examples could preclude or discourage the use of 

other indicators and other commenters highlighting specific concerns or drawbacks with the

examples and suggesting alternatives. 

Discussion: While we appreciate the feedback provided by commenters on such examples and 

will consider this feedback in any future guidance on the selection and implementation of 

indicators of School Quality or Student Success, the examples were provided in the preamble of 

the NPRM and not in the regulatory requirements. Therefore, the Department declines to make 

any regulatory changes based on this feedback. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters requested that the Department require States to define and 

measure school climate within specific parameters if the State chooses to use school climate as 

an indicator of School Quality or Student Success. For example, some commenters encouraged 

the Department to define positive school climate and safety and offer multiple ways of 

measuring data, including student surveys and through the use of school discipline data. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ efforts to encourage the selection and use of 

meaningful, high-quality, and readily available measures of school climate in States that use such 

measures in one or more indicators of School Quality or Student Success. We believe that 

decisions about which measures to include are best made at the State level and encourage States 

to meaningfully engage stakeholders in considering them.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters wanted to ensure that, in establishing and collecting data on 

indicators of School Quality or Student Success, States do not collect data regarding student 

social emotional factors, beliefs and behaviors, or other information beyond the scope of the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

51

school’s purview, or use such information for accountability purposes. Another commenter 

suggested the Department clarify that indicators should not require any additional assessments 

beyond what is already required by law in reading and math.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ concern that a State may establish and develop an 

indicator of School Quality or Student Success that will require the State to collect additional 

data, consistent with the statutory requirement to measure and report on this indicator. States 

must still meet the requirements for protecting personally identifiable information described in 

the statute and under § 200.17. Because States are best positioned to determine whether an 

additional assessment or tool is needed to determine a student’s performance on its particular

School Quality or Student Success indicator(s), we decline to limit State discretion in this area.

Changes: None.

Comments: Many commenters provided feedback on the proposed requirement in § 200.14(d) 

that any measure used within a State’s indicators of Academic Progress and School Quality or 

Student Success be supported by research that performance or progress on such a measure is 

likely to increase student achievement, or at the high school level, graduation rates. Some 

suggested eliminating the requirement that the School Quality or Student Success indicator be 

supported by such research, because it would prevent States from using measures of school 

climate or safety, parent engagement, or other measures that they believe may not be directly 

linked to academic achievement. These commenters also were concerned that the requirement 

restricts State flexibility to choose appropriate indicators, results in a continued emphasis on testbased accountability, is contrary to the ESSA’s inclusion of multiple indicators beyond 

assessment results, and goes beyond the authority granted to the Secretary. Another commenter 

noted that the statute did not include an evidence requirement for these indicators as it did other 

parts of the statewide accountability system. A few commenters also asserted that the proposed

requirement violated sections 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(IV) and (V) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA. 

Other commenters supported the proposed requirement because it ensures that measures 

within each indicator are likely to close educational achievement gaps, consistent with the 

purpose of title I of the ESEA. Of those commenters that supported the requirement, one 

recommended adding that the indicators should not only be linked to student achievement, but 

would also be appropriate for accountability purposes. Some commenters supported the 

requirement but recommended modifying the regulations to allow States to demonstrate that 

proposed measures used in indicators of School Quality or Student Success are supported by 

research that performance or progress on such measures is likely to increase at least one of a 

variety of outcomes beyond student achievement and graduation rates, including student 

educational outcomes, college completion, postsecondary or career success, employment or 

workforce outcomes, civic engagement, military readiness, student access to and participation in 

well-rounded education subject areas, or student learning and development. Finally, one 

commenter suggested that States be required to demonstrate that the indicator they select to use 

in middle school is linked to student achievement or graduation rates because waiting until high 

school to focus on indicators that are linked to graduation is too late.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

52

Discussion: The requirement that measures used for indicators of Academic Progress and 

School Quality or Student Success be supported by research demonstrating a link to increased 

student achievement was not intended to limit such measures to those that improve State 

assessment results. Rather, our intention was to include a wide variety of measures of student 

learning such as grade point average, course completion and performance, or credit 

accumulation. We maintain that a requirement linking indicators of School Quality or Student 

Success to student outcomes is critical to fulfill the goal of title I to close educational 

achievement gaps and to reasonably ensure compliance with the more specific requirements in 

section 1111(c)(4) that the State’s accountability system should improve “student academic 

achievement.” Accordingly, this requirement falls squarely within the scope of title I, part A of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e) and is consistent with the 

Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA.

Further, these requirements do not contravene the provisions in sections 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(IV)-(V) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because they do not prescribe 

either the weight of any measure or indicator or the specific methodology that States must use to 

meaningfully differentiate and identify schools.

However, we recognize that many measures may be supported by research demonstrating 

a positive impact on a broader array of student outcomes that are related to college and career 

readiness and are revising § 200.14(d) accordingly.

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(d) to provide States with additional flexibility to 

demonstrate that the Academic Progress and School Quality or Student Success indicators are 

supported by research that performance or improvement on such measures is likely to increase 

student learning, like grade point average, credit accumulation, or performance in advanced 

coursework, or, for measures within the indicators at the high school level, graduation rates, 

postsecondary enrollment, postsecondary persistence or completion, or career readiness.

Comments: None. 

Discussion: In revising the requirement under § 200.14(d), consistent with the discussion 

directly above, we determined that an additional change would clarify the requirement in order to 

ensure States can comply with the requirements in 1111(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, and § 200.14. In order to more closely align with the purpose of the accountability system 

and to meaningfully ensure that measure used within the Academic Progress and School Quality 

or Student Success indicators are likely to increase student learning, consistent with the previous 

discussion, we are clarifying that a State must demonstrate that each of these indicators is 

supported by research that high performance or improvement on such measures is likely to 

increase student learning, or for measures within indicators at the high school level, graduation 

rates, postsecondary enrollment, postsecondary persistence or completion, or career readiness.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(d) to clarify that each indicator of Academic Progress and 

School Quality or Student Success must be supported by research that “high” performance or 

improvement on such measures is likely to increase student learning.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

53

Other Indicator Requirements

Comments: A few commenters recommended that the Department include additional 

requirements in the final regulations related to the selection and use of accountability indicators, 

including requirements related to ensuring that measures are valid and reliable for the purposes 

for which they are being used and are developmentally appropriate. Another commenter 

encouraged the Department to avoid further defining comparability due to pending innovations 

in how comparability might be demonstrated. 

One commenter offered specific guidance for the Department and States to consider in 

identifying or selecting research-based, non-academic, or non-cognitive School Quality or 

Student Success indicators.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ request for further clarification around the 

requirements for accountability indicators. We believe it will be important to carefully consider 

the validity, reliability, and comparability of each State’s indicators within the broader context of 

its statewide accountability system through our State plan review process and corresponding peer 

review, but we decline to add new regulatory requirements in this area. We will consider this 

input in the context of non-regulatory guidance. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters opposed the requirement in proposed § 200.14(c)(2) that States 

measure each indicator in the same way across all schools, except that the indicators of 

Academic Progress and School Quality or Student Success may vary by grade span. One 

commenter was concerned that this requirement dilutes local flexibility to select measures that 

may be more appropriate given a school’s local context. Other commenters particularly 

appreciated the flexibility to vary certain indicators by grade span, because they believed this 

would allow States to use a broader array of indicators rather than only indicators that were 

relevant to all grades. 

Discussion: While we appreciate the concern that this does not provide States with an 

opportunity to vary indicator measurement across schools broadly, we believe that in order to 

ensure indicators are comparable and that accountability determinations are fair and equitable

across schools and districts, the measures within those indicators must be measured in the same 

way. The regulations provide States with flexibility beyond that in the statute--to vary the 

Academic Progress indicator across grade spans--but the Department declines to allow States to 

measure performance on indicators differently across schools or districts, or to permit States to 

adopt a menu of measures from which districts can choose to use within an indicator.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters strongly supported the requirement in proposed § 200.14(c)(3) 

that States disaggregate performance on each indicator by student subgroup, citing the need for 

such disaggregation for transparency in reporting, identification of schools with consistently 

underperforming subgroups for targeted support and improvement, and alignment with the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

54

statutory requirements for indicators. One commenter suggested clarifying that each indicator

should be disaggregated by individual student subgroup and reflect actual student experience. 

That commenter was concerned that, as drafted, the regulations would permit a school to say, for 

example, that all members of a particular subgroup had access to AP courses, even if no 

members of that group were actually enrolled in AP courses. A number of commenters opposed 

the requirement and recommended the Department remove or modify this provision. In 

particular, many commenters were concerned that the requirement to disaggregate each indicator 

of Student Quality or Student Success would preclude a State from using indicators that cannot 

be disaggregated, such as teacher mentoring programs, educator engagement or school climate

measures collected through an anonymized survey, and student access to resources such as dual 

enrollment programs, specific course sequences, or school counselors. Commenters were 

concerned about the latter because it would not adequately reflect differences among subgroups 

in actual participation in or use of such resources. Some commenters were concerned with the 

validity and reliability of these indicators at the subgroup level. One commenter suggested that a 

State should be required to disaggregate one indicator of School Quality or Student Success, but 

not each such indicator. Another commenter asked for clarification about whether the proposed 

regulations would require a State using a survey to collect demographic information for each 

participant. 

Discussion: We appreciated hearing from commenters who supported the requirement to 

disaggregate results on each indicator, and we agree that this requirement is vitally important to 

ensuring equity and meeting other statutory requirements related to indicators. For too long, the 

performance of individual subgroups was hidden within State accountability and reporting 

systems, and the ESSA has maintained a focus on illuminating the performance of each subgroup

by requiring in section 1111(c)(4)(B) that States measure each indicator for all students and 

separately for each subgroup of students. Additionally, in order to identify schools with 

consistently underperforming subgroups of students for targeted support and improvement, the 

State must consider the performance of individual subgroups based on each indicator. We 

understand that this requirement to disaggregate results on each indicator may limit to some 

degree a State’s selection of indicators for its statewide accountability system, but the reasons for 

such disaggregation are compelling, and the ESSA requires this disaggregation. Therefore, we 

decline to make any changes. The only exception to this requirement, as discussed previously, is 

that the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator need not be disaggregated 

by student subgroup because it is measured for only one subgroup: the English learner subgroup. 

Changes: None.

Comments: While some commenters supported the proposed requirement in § 200.14(c)(4) that 

a State cannot use a measure more than once in its statewide accountability system, many 

commenters opposed this requirement. One commenter noted that a State may want to use the 

same measure but in a different way in another indicator. For example, a State might include 

proficiency, as measured by the ACT, in the Academic Achievement indicator, but a measure of 

the number of students who meet the ACT college and career readiness benchmark in three or 

more content areas as a measure of postsecondary readiness within the School Quality or Student 

Success indicator. Other commenters noted that States may have other reasons to use a 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

55

particular measure or instrument in more than one indicator. For example, States may want to 

use a nationally recognized assessment to measure postsecondary readiness within the State’s 

School Quality or Student Success indicator, but also allow LEAs to use the same assessment in 

lieu of a State-required high school assessment for the Academic Achievement indicator, 

consistent with the flexibility under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ concern that proposed § 200.14(c)(4) could be 

interpreted to prevent a State from using an applicable measure across multiple indicators. In the 

scenario described by the commenters, the State would not be using the same measure, but rather 

the same instrument, within two different indicators. The Department’s intention was not to 

preclude a State from using different measures derived from the same instrument for more than 

one indicator in its statewide accountability system, as described in the ACT example cited 

previously. Therefore, we agree that this requirement could have the unintentional effect of 

limiting a State’s opportunity to use measures derived from the same data source across two 

indicators, and we are removing the requirement.

Changes: We have removed the requirement in proposed § 200.14(c)(4).

Comments: Several commenters supported the requirement in proposed § 200.14(e) that Stateselected indicators of Academic Progress or School Quality or Student Success produce varied 

results across schools in order to meet the statutory requirement for meaningful differentiation 

and to ensure that indicators provide meaningful insight into a school’s performance. A few 

commenters were opposed to the requirement because they are concerned it would unduly limit 

State flexibility in selecting indicators. One commenter was concerned by the Department’s 

language in the preamble of the NPRM that indicated average daily attendance was unlikely to 

show variation across schools; the commenter believes attendance is important and just because 

schools are all doing well on an indicator should not indicate that it would be unhelpful as a 

component of a statewide accountability system.

Discussion: We appreciate the support for the requirement that indicators of Academic Progress 

and School Quality or Student Success must produce varied results across schools. Under 

section 1111(c)(4)(B)(ii)(II) and 1111(c)(4)(B)(v)(I)(aa) of the ESEA, respectively, States must 

ensure that Academic Progress and School Quality or Student Success indicators allow for 

meaningful differentiation in school performance. While the Department does not define the 

term meaningful differentiation, or how much variation an indicator must show, we believe that 

indicators in the State’s system, consistent with the requirements of the law, must show varied 

results across schools in order to enable States to actually differentiate school performance. 

Given concerns that this requirement will overly limit State flexibility, which we believe may 

partly stem from a misinterpretation of the proposed language, we are revising § 200.14(e) to 

clarify that a State must demonstrate the measures in its Academic Progress and School Quality 

or Student Success indicators show variation across “schools” in the State, as the proposed 

language of “all schools” could be misinterpreted to require a different result on the selected 

measure for each school in the State, which was not the intent of this provision. Finally, while 

we think it unlikely, as suggested in the preamble of the NPRM, that average daily attendance 

would yield the varied results needed to meet this requirement, the regulations do not prohibit 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

56

such a measure if a State can demonstrate otherwise. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.14(e) to refer to variation in results across schools generally, 

rather than “all schools.”

Section 200.15 Participation in Assessments and Annual Measurement of Achievement

Comments: Many commenters expressed support for the proposed regulations clarifying the 

actions that a State may take to ensure that all schools adhere to the 95 percent participation rate 

requirement on State assessments, including the 95 percent participation rate requirement for 

student subgroups, with one noting that this requirement was retained from NCLB. These 

commenters also stated that the proposed regulations are consistent with the spirit of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, by allowing States to determine the specific actions for schools that do 

not meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement while also providing flexibility for States 

to develop their own approaches to improving participation rates. Other commenters praised the 

proposed regulations for reinforcing the inclusion of all students in the State's assessment system 

through the 95 percent participation rate requirement. One commenter stated that the proposed 

regulations are critical to ensuring that States, districts, and schools take seriously the need to 

assess at least 95 percent of students and avoid loopholes that could undermine accountability 

systems. Several commenters also expressed strong support for the proposed improvement plans 

for schools that do not meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement, including the 

involvement of stakeholders such as parents and educators in developing these plans.

Discussion: We appreciate the support of these commenters for the proposed regulations on the 

95 percent participation rate requirement. In reviewing the comments and proposed regulations, 

we have determined that the regulations could more clearly reflect the statutory requirement that 

each State administer academic assessments to all public school students in the State, and we are 

revising § 200.15(a) to better distinguish this assessment requirement from the separate 

accountability requirement under section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

The proposed regulations focused on this requirement to annually measure, for accountability 

purposes, the achievement of at least 95 percent of all students and 95 percent of all students in 

each subgroup on reading/language arts and mathematics assessments, but did not explicitly 

address the requirement under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(i)(II) of the ESEA that the required 

assessments in reading/language arts, mathematics, and science be administered to all public 

school students in the State, or the requirement under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(vi)(I) of the ESEA 

that the State must provide for the participation of all students in such assessments. If we do not 

explicitly reference these requirements in the regulations, States and other stakeholders might 

misinterpret the regulations to mean that only 95 percent of students must be assessed on the 

required academic assessments, contradicting the requirements in section 1111(b)(2)(B) of the 

ESEA. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.15(a)(1) to clarify that States are required to administer 

academic assessments in reading/language arts, mathematics, and science to all public school 

students in the State, and provide for all such students’ participation in those assessments.

Comments: One commenter cited numerous benefits of ensuring high participation rates 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

57

consistent with the statute and the proposed regulations, emphasizing that high-quality 

assessments provide essential information that can be used to inform instruction, support student 

learning, ensure readiness for postsecondary education, guide professional development, and 

target evidence-based interventions to meet the needs of students and schools. The commenter 

also noted that non-participation inhibits the data transparency needed to support effective 

monitoring and program improvement, which can have a disparate impact on students with 

special needs and contribute to a widening of achievement gaps. This commenter also

recommended that States provide information to parents, educators, and the public regarding the 

consequences of non-participation in assessments under their accountability systems and include 

parents and other stakeholders in developing interventions and supports for schools that do not 

meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement.

Discussion: We appreciate and share this commenter’s views on the importance of the 95 

participation rate requirement. We note that the requirements for participation rate improvement 

plans in § 200.15(c)(1) of the final regulations include involvement by stakeholders--including 

principals and other school leaders, teachers, and parents--in the development of improvement 

plans.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter expressed strong support for proposed § 200.15, noting that 

accountability systems can be effective only when they include information on each student’s 

performance on assessments aligned to rigorous State standards in reading/language arts and 

mathematics, and that there is no way to determine whether all students are meeting the longterm goals and measurements of interim progress for academic achievement required by section 

1111(c)(4)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, without achievement data on State tests.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s support for the proposed regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: Many commenters asserted that the proposed regulations on the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement are part of an effort to restore what they described as test-based 

accountability in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. These commenters objected to the menu 

of proposed actions that would be required for schools that do not meet the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement, describing the 95 percent requirement as an arbitrary threshold 

that effectively would punish schools and in turn parents for their decisions to opt out of State

assessments required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: While the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, promotes statewide accountability 

systems based on multiple measures of student and school performance, the accurate and reliable 

measurement of student achievement on annual State assessments in reading/language arts and 

mathematics remains a required component of those systems. Specifically, as part of their

statewide accountability systems required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, States must 

set long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for academic achievement in 

reading/language arts and mathematics under section 1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(I)(aa), as measured by the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

58

assessments in these subjects required under section 1111(b)(2). Academic achievement as 

measured by proficiency on these assessments also is a required indicator for State systems of 

annual meaningful differentiation under section 1111(c)(4)(B). In support of these requirements, 

the law requires annual assessments in reading/language arts and mathematics to be administered 

to all public school students in each of grades 3-8, and at least once between grades 9 and 12, 

and, separately, that States hold schools accountable for assessing at least 95 percent of their 

students. The 95 percent threshold is specified in section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, and both the Department and States are responsible for ensuring that all 

schools meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement. The final regulations, like the 

proposed regulations, are designed to assist States in fulfilling this responsibility, and ultimately 

provide States flexibility in determining how to factor participation rate into their accountability 

system.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter wrote that proposed § 200.15 undermines the clear intent of 

Congress to empower State and local educators to engage in a collaborative process for 

developing broader accountability systems based on multiple measures of performance.

Discussion: The proposed regulations on the 95 percent participation rate requirement are 

narrowly and appropriately targeted on ensuring that all schools meet that requirement, and do 

not in any way undermine or interfere with the authority or discretion of States to develop, or to 

engage in a collaborative process for developing, the broader, statewide accountability systems 

based on multiple measures of student and school performance that are encouraged by the ESEA,

as amended by the ESSA. Further, the provisions of § 200.15 are wholly consistent with, and 

within the scope of, the provisions of title I, part A of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, as 

well as with the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 

1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, (as previously described in the discussion of

Cross-Cutting Issues) because they are consistent with and necessary to ensure that States fulfill 

their responsibilities under section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. As 

such, they also do not violate section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter stated that the requirements of proposed § 200.15 do not take into 

account current efforts by States to improve assessment participation rates or the unique 

circumstances that may negatively affect participation rates.

Discussion: We appreciate that many States, school districts, and schools already are engaged in 

efforts to increase assessment participation rates and that there are many reasons for low 

participation rates. However, the law requires States to factor the 95 percent participation rate 

requirement, for schools and subgroups of students, into their statewide accountability systems 

regardless of such efforts, and the proposed regulations were designed to help States implement 

that requirement. States may incorporate current strategies and incentives for improving 

participation rates that reflect local needs and circumstances into the State-determined option for

factoring the 95 percent participation rate requirement into their statewide accountability systems 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

59

under § 200.15(b)(2)(iv). We also note that existing State and local efforts to improve 

participation rates may provide a solid foundation for the school- and district-level improvement 

plans required by the final regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter asserted that the proposed regulations could result in the diversion 

of resources from needy schools to wealthier schools due to the recent high incidence of opt outs 

at many wealthier schools. This commenter also stated that lower grades for typically highperforming schools due to their failure to meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement 

could erode support for both State accountability systems and the individuals responsible for 

administering those systems.

Discussion: The Department believes it is unlikely that meeting the 95 percent participation rate 

requirement would divert significant resources to wealthier schools; the combination of ESEA 

program allocation requirements and the fiscal provisions in part A of title I generally ensure that 

high-poverty schools continue to receive their fair share of Federal, State, and local funds. In 

addition, under § 200.24(a)(1), LEAs may not use section 1003 school improvement funds to 

serve schools identified under § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), if applicable, for targeted support and 

improvement due to missing the 95 percent participation rate requirement. This provision is 

explicitly intended to prevent the diversion of section 1003 improvement funds from schools that 

are identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement due to consistently poor 

student outcomes. We also note that the integrity of statewide accountability systems is at 

greater risk when schools--regardless of general beliefs about their quality or performance--do 

not meet the 95 percent participation requirement than when they receive lower performance 

determinations reflecting the lack of reliable data for accurately measuring performance against 

State-determined college- and career-ready academic standards.

Changes: None.

Required Denominator for Calculation of Academic Achievement Indicator

Comments: Several commenters objected to the provisions that require States to take specific

actions for schools that fail to meet 95 percent participation rates, as well as the school and 

district improvement plans in proposed § 200.15(c). These commenters stated that proposed §

200.15(b)(1), which incorporates the statutory requirement that non-participants be counted as 

non-proficient for the purposes of annual meaningful differentiation, is sufficient penalty for 

failing to assess at least 95 percent of all students and all students in each subgroup.

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, specifies two distinct 

consequences for failure to meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement: (1) counting nonparticipants in any school with a participation rate below 95 percent as non-proficient for 

purposes of calculating the Academic Achievement indicator (by ensuring that the denominator 

for such calculation, at a minimum, includes at least 95 percent of students enrolled in the 

school); and (2) factoring the requirement into statewide accountability systems. The 

Department disagrees with the commenters that the second statutorily specified consequence 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

60

should be ignored. The final regulations, like the proposed regulations, are designed to support 

effective implementation of the requirement that States factor the 95 percent participation 

requirement into their accountability systems.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters expressed concern about proposed § 200.15(b)(1), which 

incorporates statutory requirements related to the denominator that must be used for calculating 

the Academic Achievement indicator, essentially requiring non-proficient scores for most nonparticipants for the purpose of annual meaningful differentiation of schools. In particular, 

commenters suggested that this requirement would unfairly reduce school performance ratings 

for schools in which parents are exercising their legal rights to opt their children out of State 

assessments required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA--actions over which districts and 

schools have no control. One commenter asserted that proposed § 200.15(b)(1) exceeded the 

Department’s legal authority.

Other commenters expressed support for proposed § 200.15(b)(1) and encouraged the 

Department to clarify in the final regulations how it must be implemented, including that 

students who opt out of State assessments must be part of the denominator for the Academic 

Achievement indicator calculation and that the only students who may be excluded from the 

denominator are those who were enrolled in a school for less than half of the academic year, as 

provided under proposed § 200.20(b).

Discussion: The final regulations retain the requirement that the denominator used for 

calculating the Academic Achievement indicator must include, for all students and for each 

subgroup of students, at least 95 percent of all such students in the grades assessed who are 

enrolled in the school each year. This requirement has the effect of ensuring that participation 

rates below 95 percent not only could have a significant impact on a school’s performance on the 

Academic Achievement indicator but could also affect the school’s overall determination in a 

State’s accountability system. We further note that this provision is incorporated directly from 

the statute, specifically from the requirement in section 1111(c)(4)(E)(ii) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA. We appreciate that it would be helpful to provide States with assistance 

in implementing this requirement and plan on providing clarification in non-regulatory guidance. 

Finally, requiring all students that opt-out of State assessments to be counted as non-participants 

would be inconsistent with the statute, which would not count such students as non-participants 

until a school’s participation rate falls below 95 percent in a given year.

Changes: None.

State Actions to Factor Participation Rate into Statewide Accountability Systems

Comments: Numerous commenters stated that the proposed actions that States would be 

required to take in schools that do not test 95 percent of their students in reading/language arts 

and mathematics, specifically lowering the rating of such schools in statewide accountability 

systems or identifying them for targeted support and improvement, are not consistent with other 

requirements of the Act. More specifically, these commenters asserted that proposed § 200.15 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

61

conflicts with section 1111(b)(2)(K) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which states that 

the assessment requirements in section 1111(b) do not preempt State or local law regarding the 

decision of a parent to not have his or her child participate in the assessments required by Part A 

of title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Some commenters further expressed the belief 

that the proposed regulations appear to be intended to minimize parental resistance to what they 

described as the overuse and misuse of standardized tests, while others emphasized that districts 

and schools should not be penalized for the actions of parents. A few commenters stated that by 

not taking into account the opt-out movement, the proposed regulations could undermine the 

legitimacy and public acceptance of statewide accountability systems. These commenters 

generally recommended that the proposed regulations on assessment participation be revised to 

restate statutory requirements, including the right to “opt out” of ESEA assessments, and permit 

States to determine how to factor the 95 percent participation requirement into their 

accountability systems, or that the Department not issue any regulations on meeting the 95 

percent participation rate requirement.

Discussion: We recognize that section 1111(b) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, protects 

the right of parents to withhold children from participation in State assessments in 

reading/language arts and mathematics. At the same time, the law requires that all students 

participate in annual assessments in English language arts and mathematics in each of grades 3-

8, and at least once between grades 9 and 12, and that States hold schools accountable for 

assessing at least 95 percent of their students. Ensuring that States, LEAs, and schools have 

reliable, accurate assessment data on all students and all subgroups of students is essential to 

design meaningful accountability systems, to provide teachers and parents the information they 

need to improve instruction and student outcomes, and to guide States and districts in providing 

schools the resources, support, and assistance they need to make sure that all students graduate 

high school ready for college and careers.

The proposed regulations provide a menu of options for States to use to help ensure that 

all schools meet the statutory 95 percent participation rate requirement. We believe these 

options will help protect the integrity of a State’s accountability system; ensure that participation 

rate is included in a State’s accountability system in a meaningful, transparent manner; and 

ensure that parents and teachers get the information they need to support students. For these 

reasons, the final regulations retain a menu of actions from which States may select for schools 

that do not test at least 95 percent of their students in reading/language arts and mathematics.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters requested that the Department strengthen the State options 

for addressing low assessment participation rates. One commenter provided specific 

recommendations for more rigorous actions by States for schools that miss the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement. For example, this commenter suggested strengthening 

improvement plan consultation requirements by requiring the inclusion of at least one parent 

from each subgroup that does not meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement. This 

commenter also expressed concern that assigning a lower summative rating to a school that 

missed the 95 percent participation rate requirement might result in a relatively inconsequential 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

62

reduction, such as from a “B+” to a “B” rating, and called for the final regulations to ensure that 

a State’s actions lead to a meaningful reduction in the rating of such schools. The same 

commenter recommended that States be required to provide technical assistance aimed at helping 

schools explain to parents why assessment participation is important for the integrity of the 

State’s accountability system as well as how that system is used to provide supports for students 

and schools. Other commenters recommended clarifying that States may take more rigorous 

actions in schools that do not meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement than those 

included in the proposed regulations.

Discussion: The Department appreciates support from commenters for strong actions to ensure 

that all schools meet 95 percent participation rates, but does not believe that more prescriptive 

requirements in this area would be consistent with the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We also 

believe that some of the recommended changes are unnecessary; for example, the requirement 

that participation rate improvement plans be developed in partnership with parents is likely to 

lead to involvement from parents from subgroups that do not meet the 95 participation 

requirement. Improvement plans also are likely to include efforts to explain to parents why 

assessment participation is important for the effective functioning of State accountability 

systems, including the delivery of supports for students and schools. Finally, because the 

proposed regulations already require States to take “at least one” of the required actions for 

schools that miss the 95 percent participation, we believe the regulations are clear that States 

may take more rigorous actions, including more rigorous State-determined actions, and that this 

point would be more appropriately reiterated through non-regulatory guidance.

Changes: None.

Comments: Many commenters asserted that the proposed regulations exceed the Department’s 

authority under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to determine how and the extent to which a 

State factors the 95 percent participation rate requirement into its system of annual meaningful 

differentiation of schools. In support of their contention, commenters specifically cited section 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(XI), which prohibits the Secretary from prescribing the way in which a State 

factors the 95 percent participation rate requirement into its statewide accountability system. 

Several commenters also noted that while the assessment participation rate was a required 

accountability indicator under NCLB, it was not included among the indicators required by 

section 1111(c)(4)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. These commenters also stated 

that there is no basis in statute for the proposed requirements for school and district improvement 

plans to increase participation rates, and recommended the elimination of all proposed actions 

that States, districts, and schools would be required to take regarding schools that fail to assess at 

least 95 percent of all students and students in each subgroup.

Discussion: The requirements in § 200.15(b)-(c) for State actions to factor participation rates 

into their accountability systems and improve assessment participation in schools and LEAs are 

not inconsistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(XI) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA,

because they do not prescribe the way in which a State must factor the 95 percent participation 

requirement into its statewide accountability system. The final regulations, like the proposed 

regulations, provide options for how a State may factor the 95 percent participation rate 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

63

requirement into its accountability system, including a State-determined option. In addition, 

each State has significant discretion regarding the precise manner in which it incorporates its 

selected option into its overall accountability system. Thus, we do not specify the way in which 

a State incorporates the 95 percent participation rate requirement into its accountability system. 

Further, the provisions of § 200.15 are consistent with, and within the scope of, the 

provisions of title I, part A of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, as well as with the 

Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and Section 1601(a) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA (previously described in the discussion on Cross-Cutting Issues),

because they are necessary to reasonably ensure that States factor participation rate into 

statewide accountability systems, as required in section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, and comply with the statutory requirement in section 1111(1)(b)(2)(B)(i) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that a State assess all public elementary and secondary school 

students in the State. As such, they also do not violate section 1111(e).

Finally, the proposed participation rate improvement plans are intended to support 

effective State and local implementation of the statutory 95 percent participation rate 

requirement through a collaborative, locally determined improvement process designed to 

minimize the need for more heavy-handed compliance actions by State or Federal authorities. 

Consequently, we believe the improvement plan requirements in the final regulations also are 

fully appropriate and consistent with the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter expressed support for proposed § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), which provides 

the option that a State may identify schools that miss the 95 percent participation rate 

requirement for targeted support and improvement. However, the commenter said this result 

should only be permitted if the identified schools are eligible to receive section 1003 school 

improvement funds to support implementation of their targeted support plans aimed at improving 

assessment participation.

Discussion: The Department declines to make this change because the number of schools that 

could be identified by a State for targeted support and improvement due to missing the 95 

percent participation rate requirement could reduce the availability of section 1003 improvement 

funds for schools that are identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement due 

to consistently poor student outcomes.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the regulations be revised to allow States to take 

into account the level of assessment participation and other factors (e.g., the number of 

subgroups, the size of the participation gap, the number of years missed) in determining 

consequences that would potentially increase over time if a school continues to miss the 95 

percent participation rate threshold. Similarly, a few commenters variously recommended giving 

States flexibility to design multiple State-determined actions, including escalating interventions 

and supports that may be less rigorous than those in proposed § 200.15(b)(2). Another 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

64

commenter suggested that States be permitted to vary the weight given to the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement, with less severe consequences if failure to meet the requirement 

results from parents opting their children out of State assessments required by the ESEA.

Discussion: The Department believes that the final regulations governing accountability for the 

95 percent participation rate, like the proposed regulations, provide considerable flexibility for 

States to take into account the circumstances attending each school that fails to meet the 95 

percent participation rate requirement. For example, under the final regulations, a State could 

assign a lower summative determination to a school that falls below the 95 percent threshold for 

one subgroup, while both assigning a lower determination and identifying for targeted support 

and improvement a school that fails to meet the 95 percent participation requirement for multiple 

subgroups. A State also could propose a set of State-determined actions that includes escalating 

interventions depending on the extent to which or how long a school has missed the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement. These actions, consistent with the section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, must be included in the State’s accountability system for 

meaningfully differentiating schools and identifying schools for support and improvement. In 

this context it is important to note that States have discretion under the final regulations to take 

more rigorous actions for schools that consistently fail to meet the 95 participation rate 

requirement or that miss the 95 percent threshold by a wide margin, or for all students or

multiple subgroups of students in the school. However, we agree that States would benefit from 

greater flexibility to devise their own State-determined actions based on the scope and extent to 

which a school misses the 95 percent participation rate, and we are revising the final regulations 

accordingly. We further note that the required improvement plans also provide an opportunity 

for States and districts to take into account local circumstances, such as by varying the scope and 

rigor of such plans depending on the severity of the participation rate problem in a particular 

school. 

While we agree that States should have flexibility to determine the action taken in the 

school based on the scope or extent to which a school fails to meet the participation rate 

requirement, we disagree that States should be permitted to take less rigorous actions based on 

the reason for a school failing to meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement. Ensuring 

that all schools meet this requirement is essential for the integrity of the statewide accountability 

systems required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and permitting interventions that are 

not sufficiently rigorous risks sending the message that it is acceptable to miss the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement in some circumstances--an outcome that would not be consistent 

the requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: We have revised § 200.15(b)(2)(iv) to specify that an State may factor the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement into its system of annual meaningful differentiation through a 

State-determined action or set of actions that is “sufficiently rigorous” to improve a school’s 

assessment participation so that it meets the requirement and removed the requirements for the 

State-determined action to be “equally rigorous” and result in a similar outcome as actions 

described in § 200.15(b)(2)(i)-(iii).

Comments: A few commenters generally supported proposed § 200.15 with the exception of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

65

language in proposed § 200.15(b)(2)(iv) that would subject any State-determined action to 

approval by the Department as part of the State plan review and approval process under section 

1111(a) of the Act. These commenters believe that the Department’s role, consistent with their 

interpretation of the statute, should be limited to reviewing, and not approving, proposed Statedetermined actions for schools failing to meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement.

Discussion: The requirement for Department review and approval of each State plan, which 

must include a description of the statewide accountability system that complies with all the 

requirements in sections 1111(c) and (d) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including the 

95 percent participation rate requirement, is specified in section 1111(a) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA. Limiting the Department’s role to simply reviewing proposed Statedetermined actions for schools that fail to meet the 95 percent participation rate requirement 

would be inconsistent with this statutory requirement.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department provide greater clarity to States 

regarding what would constitute an “equally rigorous” State-determined action, consistent with 

proposed § 200.15(b)(2)(iv), in schools that do not meet the 95 percent participation requirement 

for all students and all subgroups of students. Another commenter similarly expressed concern 

that the term “equally rigorous” is subject to interpretation and thus could cause confusion.

Discussion: We are revising “equally rigorous” to “sufficiently rigorous” in the final regulations, 

as discussed previously. Given that we have removed language regarding “equally rigorous” 

actions, there is no need to clarify this term in the final regulations, as we believe the revisions to 

the final regulation will support effective review and approval of any proposed State-determined 

action or set of actions submitted to the Department through the State plan process under section 

1111(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We recognize there are many ways in which 

States could design actions that are sufficiently rigorous to improve participation rates in schools 

that miss the requirement under § 200.15(a)(2) and therefore decline to limit State discretion by 

adding more specific requirements. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter expressed concern that the proposed actions for schools that miss 

the 95 percent participation rate requirement would not permit flexibility when technical issues, 

such as the failure of computer networks, affect test participation rates.

Discussion: The Department would retain authority under the final regulations to address 

technical or logistical anomalies related to State administration of the annual assessments 

required by the Act that have a negative impact on the ability of schools to meet the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter expressed concern that the proposed regulations would require 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

66

changes to existing methods of incorporating the participation rate into statewide accountability 

systems.

Discussion: We believe that the final regulations related to the 95 percent participation rate 

requirement, like the proposed regulations, provide sufficient flexibility and discretion for States 

that already have rigorous methods of incorporating assessment participation rates into their 

statewide accountability system to use the same or similar methods to meet the requirements of 

these final regulations. For example, under § 200.15(b)(2)(iv), as revised in these final 

regulations, a State may propose, as part of its State plan under the Act, a State-determined 

action or set of actions to factor the 95 percent participation rate requirement into its system of 

annual meaningful differentiation of schools, so long as any proposed action is sufficiently 

rigorous to improve participation rates in any school that fails to assess at least 95 percent of all 

students or 95 percent of students in each subgroup so that it will meet the requirements in § 

200.15(a).

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the final regulations include an exception to the 

95 percent participation rate requirement for States that use a small n-size, on grounds that in 

such cases the effective participation rate for small schools or subgroups effectively becomes 

100 percent.

Discussion: The Department declines to make this change. Section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, does not provide for such an exception to the 95 percent participation 

rate requirement.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter stated that the proposed regulations specifying a range of State 

actions to enforce the statutory 95 percent participation rate requirement are unnecessary because 

any school failing to meet the requirement would already be subject to State and/or Federal 

compliance remedies, which could include an improvement plan or other actions.

Discussion: The Department believes clear regulations and guidance that promote State and 

local adherence to all the requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, better serve 

students, educators, and the public than compliance remedies available under applicable law and 

regulation. The final regulations provide a clear, uniform, and understandable framework for 

effective implementation of the 95 percent participation rate requirement, through collaborative 

efforts at the State and local levels, which will support the overall goals and purposes of 

statewide accountability systems under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, while minimizing 

the need for heavy-handed compliance remedies. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the final regulations regarding the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement include flexibility to prevent schools that fail to meet the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

67

requirement from being identified for comprehensive support and improvement or targeted 

support and improvement if their academic performance does not support such identification.

Discussion: We believe that the menu of options in the final regulations provides sufficient 

flexibility and discretion to States to factor the 95 percent participation rate into their statewide 

accountability systems without inappropriately identifying schools for comprehensive or targeted 

support and improvement. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended delaying the State actions required by proposed §

200.15 until a school has missed the 95 percent participation rate requirement for two 

consecutive years. This commenter asserted that such a delay would give schools time to meet 

the 95 percent participation rate requirement without State intervention, while ensuring that such 

interventions occur in schools that continue to fail to meet the requirement.

Discussion: We appreciate commenter’s recommendation in response to the directed question in 

the NPRM aimed at soliciting additional or different ways of supporting States in ensuring that 

low assessment participation rates are meaningfully addressed as part of their statewide 

accountability systems. However, given the statutory requirement that each State administer 

academic assessments to all public school students in the State, we believe that falling below a 

95 percent participation rate requires action as part of a State’s annual system of meaningful 

differentiation of schools rather than what, under the commenter’s proposal, would amount to 

little more than a warning after missing the 95 percent requirement for one year, even in cases 

where non-participation was widespread and significant. Waiting an additional year would 

jeopardize further the availability of reliable, accurate assessment data that teachers and parents 

need to improve instruction and student outcomes and that States, LEAs, and schools need to 

support timely and effective school improvement consistent with the requirements of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA. However, consistent with the previous regulations implementing the 

ESEA, as amended by the NCLB, we are revising the final regulations to permit States to 

average a school’s participation rates over two to three years for the limited purpose of meeting 

the requirements of § 200.15(b)(2), as described in revisions to § 200.20(a) under the subheading 

Data Averaging. 

Changes: None.

Participation Rate Improvement Plans

Comments: One commenter objected to the proposed requirement that all schools not meeting 

the 95 percent participation rate requirement develop and implement an improvement plan 

designed to increase assessment participation rates. In particular, the commenter believed that 

States should have flexibility around this requirement relating to how many times a school has 

missed the 95 percent participation rate requirement, the number of subgroups involved, or the 

size of a school (i.e., schools with small n-sizes where a school might miss the 95 percent 

participation requirement due to non-participation by just one or two students). Other 

commenters supported the proposed participation rate improvement plan requirements.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

68

Discussion: We believe the participation rate improvement plan requirement includes much of 

the flexibility sought by the commenter. For example, a school that misses the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement by one or two students for a single subgroup may not require as 

rigorous or comprehensive an improvement plan as a school that has an 80 percent participation 

rate for the all students group. As for triggering the requirement, section 1111(b)(2)(B) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires States to administer annual assessments in 

reading/language arts and mathematics to all public elementary school and secondary school 

students in the State and section 1111(c)(4)(E) requires States to annually measure, for 

accountability purposes, the achievement of not less than 95 percent of all students and all 

students in each subgroup of students who are enrolled in public schools. In view of these 

statutory requirements, we believe requiring a participation rate improvement plan for any school 

that misses the 95 percent participation rate in any year, for any reason is consistent with the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that schools not meeting the 95 percent participation 

requirement in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, undertake a root cause analysis to determine 

the reasons for low participation rates, with an emphasis on such issues as chronic absence, 

suspension rates, school climate, student engagement, and parental support for testing. This 

commenter also recommended that, in cases where low participation rates are linked to chronic 

absenteeism, the final regulations should encourage States to work with public agencies and 

community stakeholders to remove barriers to regular school attendance.

Discussion: We agree that a root cause analysis may be a useful part of a local process to 

develop the participation rate improvement plans required by the final regulations for schools 

that miss the 95 percent participation rate requirement, and that the factors noted by the 

commenter could negatively affect assessment participation rates. However, we decline to 

further prescribe the components of the required school or district assessment rate improvement 

plans in recognition of the fact that the scope of such plans may vary widely depending on local 

context, and thus schools and LEAs should have discretion to develop plans that address local 

needs and circumstances.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter expressed appreciation for the inclusion of principals and other 

school leaders in the consultation requirements for the improvement plans that would be required 

under proposed § 200.15(c)(1), but recommended that the final regulations emphasize that such 

plans should be developed under the leadership of, and not just in consultation with, school 

principals.

Discussion: We believe that the final regulations, like the proposed regulations, provide 

sufficient flexibility to support strong leadership for principals in the development of 

participation rate improvement plans, while recognizing that in some cases other individuals or 

organizations (e.g., the local Parent Teacher Association) could take the lead in developing such 

plans.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

69

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department clarify the meaning of the term 

“significant number of schools” as used in proposed § 200.15(c)(2), which requires participation 

rate improvement plans for districts with a significant number of schools that fail to meet the 95 

percent participation rate requirement.

Discussion: The Department declines to define or offer parameters around the term “significant 

number of schools” in the final regulations because the meaning may vary depending on local 

context and circumstances. For example, in a medium-size district, 5 schools could constitute a 

significant number, while 15 schools might not be considered a significant number of schools in 

a large district. However, the final regulations clarify that States may consider the number or 

percentage of schools failing to meet the participation rate requirement.

Changes: We have revised § 200.15(c)(2) by replacing the term “a significant number of 

schools” with “a significant number or percentage of schools.”

Comments: One commenter recommended clarifying that locally based approaches to 

improving test participation may be incorporated into State accountability systems.

Discussion: We believe that § 200.15(b)(2)(iv) provides sufficient flexibility to incorporate 

locally based approaches to improving assessment participation rates into a State-determined 

option for factoring participation rates into statewide accountability systems without further 

elaboration in the final regulations. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Two commenters recommended that the improvement plan requirement in proposed 

§ 200.15(c)(1) for schools that miss the 95 percent participation rate requirement be expanded to 

cover schools that fail to assess at least 95 percent of their English learners on the ELP 

assessment. These commenters observed that including 100 percent of English learners in ELP 

assessments is increasingly difficult due to a combination of the opt-out movement and high 

mobility among English learners, and asserted that requiring improvement plans for schools that 

do not assess at least 95 percent of their English learners on the ELP assessment would help 

improve participation rates on that assessment. These commenters further stated that such a 

requirement would align accountability requirements under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA,

while holding English learner students to a standard no higher than that of all other students. 

Another commenter requested clarification on whether the 95 participation rate requirement 

applies to ELP assessments.

Discussion: The 95 percent participation rate requirement is statutorily limited to the 

reading/language arts and mathematics assessments required by section 1111(b)(2)(v)(I) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and there is no basis for applying this requirement to ELP 

assessments. Moreover, such application, even to the extent of requiring participation rate 

improvement plans for schools that fail to administer ELP assessments to 95 percent of their 

English learner students, would send a confusing message to States, districts, and schools about 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

70

the requirement under section 1111(b)(2)(G)(i) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to 

administer ELP assessments to all such students. In addition, any regulatory action that might be 

interpreted as permitting schools to administer ELP assessments to fewer than 100 percent of 

English learners would likely be judged inconsistent with applicable civil rights laws.

Changes: None.

Other Comments on Participation in Assessments

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department clarify proposed § 200.15(d)(2) 

to specify that disciplinary actions may not be used to systematically exclude students in any 

subgroup of students from participating in State assessments required by the ESEA.

Discussion: The Department agrees that disciplinary actions should not be used to exclude 

students from participating in assessments, but declines to enumerate in the final regulations the 

various methods and practices that may result in systematic exclusion of students from 

assessment participation. Such examples are more appropriate for non-regulatory guidance. We 

are, however, revising the final regulations to clarify that systematic exclusion of students from 

the assessment system on any basis is not permitted, and that students may not be systematically 

excluded on State assessments any content area: reading/language arts, mathematics, or science.

Changes: We have revised § 200.15(d)(2) to clarify that a State, LEA, or school may not 

systematically exclude students, including any subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a), 

from participating in the State assessments in reading/language arts, mathematics, and science.

Comments: One commenter urged the Department to clarify in the final regulations that 

proposed § 200.15(d)(3), which permits counting a student with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities who is assessed based on alternate academic achievement standards described in 

section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, as a participant for purposes of 

meeting the 95 percent participation rate requirements only if a State has developed the 

guidelines required by section 1111(b)(2)(D)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

ensures that its LEAs adhere to such guidelines, applies only for the purposes of calculating the 

participation rate. The commenter also sought clarification that students who take the alternate 

assessment, but are not counted as participants for calculating the participation rate because the 

State has not developed appropriate guidelines for IEP teams, should be counted as participants 

for calculating proficiency.

Discussion: We appreciate the concerns of the commenter but believe that the recommended 

clarifications are more appropriately addressed in non-regulatory guidance.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended revising the final regulations to use the 95 percent 

participation rate requirement to increase school-level accountability for students who drop out 

and to incentivize reengagement efforts. More specifically, the commenter recommended that 

students who do not participate in assessments, and who have not been removed from a high 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

71

school cohort because there is no documentation to support their removal as outlined in §

200.34(b)(3), be included in the denominator when calculating the 95 percent assessment 

participation rate.

Discussion: The Department appreciates and shares the commenter’s commitment to increase 

high school graduation rates. However, we decline to make the recommended changes because 

they are not consistent with the overall purpose of the 95 percent participation rate requirement. 

That purpose is to help ensure the highest possible rates of student participation in the 

assessments in reading/language art and mathematics that are used in statewide accountability 

systems under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and not to serve as a lever or incentive to 

improve other student outcomes.

Changes: None.

Comments: Two commenters recommended revising proposed § 200.15 to recognize the right of 

Native American students receiving instruction in Native American language medium schools to 

opt out of State assessments in reading/language arts and mathematics that are administered in 

English. These commenters also requested that States be required to exclude such students from 

the 95 percent participation rate requirement if the State lacks an appropriate assessment in the 

Native American language.

Discussion: The Department declines to make these changes because the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, does not provide for an exception to the 95 percent participation rate requirement for 

Native American students receiving instruction in Native American language medium schools. 

In addition, a policy of excluding certain students from statewide assessments would be 

inconsistent with the purpose of title I to close educational achievement gaps.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: In reviewing the proposed regulations, the Department believes it is helpful to 

clarify the reason recently arrived English learners may be counted as participants on the State’s 

reading/language arts assessment if they take either the State’s reading/language arts assessment 

or the State’s English language proficiency assessment; specifically, this flexibility applies to 

recently arrived English learners that may be exempted from one administration of the State’s 

reading/language arts assessment, as described in § 200.16(c)(3)(i)(A), and not to other recently 

arrived English learners who take the State’s reading/language arts assessment in each year of 

their enrollment in U.S. schools. This clarification is necessary because the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, added an additional exemption that States may consider for holding schools 

accountable for the performance of recently arrived English learners, which requires assessment 

in reading/language arts in the first year of the student’s enrollment in U.S. schools as described 

in § 200.16(c)(3)(ii).

Changes: We have revised § 200.15(d)(4) to clarify that this provision applies to recently arrived 

English learners who are exempted from one administration of the State’s reading/language arts 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

72

assessment consistent with § 200.16(c)(3)(i)(A).

Section 200.16 Subgroups of Students

Comments: A few commenters suggested that the Department replace the word “subgroups” 

with the term “student groups” throughout the regulations. One commenter explained that the 

term subgroup is an outdated term that implies that some groups are lesser than others.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ suggestion, but believe it is beneficial to use the 

same terminology contained in the statute. Therefore, throughout the regulations, we refer to 

subgroups of students.

Changes: None.

Comments: Two commenters asked that the Department modify proposed § 200.16 to specify 

that a student who meets the definition of English learner in section 8101(20) of the ESEA and 

who is instructed primarily through a Native American language be included in the English 

learner subgroup for the entire time that the student is taught in a Native American language, and 

that such students who transfer to a school in which instruction is in English may be considered 

as newly-enrolled English learners. 

Discussion: As the commenters note, the term “English learner” is defined in section 8101(20) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. That definition includes provisions under which a 

student who is Native American or Alaska Native and who comes from an environment where a 

language other than English has had a significant impact on his/her level of English language 

proficiency is considered an English learner. States include students in the English learner 

subgroup for accountability as long as they are “English learners.” Specifically, under section 

3113(b) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESEA, and §§ 299.13(c)(2) and 299.19(b)(4) of the 

final regulations, States must establish standardized statewide entrance and exit procedures for 

English learners, which, as in § 299.19(b)(4) of the final regulations, require English learner exit 

criteria to be the same criteria used to exit students from the English learner subgroup for 

accountability purposes. The issue of when a student is no longer an “English learner” is not 

dependent on the classroom language of instruction. Because the exit procedures are not related 

to the language of instruction, there is no need for the specific provisions requested. In addition, 

we note that § 200.16(c) permits States to include in the English learner subgroup the 

performance of former English learners for four years, for purposes of calculating any indictor

that is based on data from State assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Combined Subgroups of Students (“Super subgroups”)

Comments: Many commenters expressed support for what they believed was a prohibition 

against combined subgroups of students in the proposed regulations. One commenter suggested 

that § 200.16(c) be clarified to explain that a State may not combine any of the subgroups listed 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

73

in § 200.16(a)(2) as an additional subgroup.

Discussion: We appreciate the support from commenters highlighting the importance of 

accountability for individual subgroups of students, but note that the proposed regulations did not 

prohibit combined subgroups entirely; rather, they require the use of specified individual 

subgroups of students for certain purposes in statewide accountability systems and permit the use 

of additional subgroups of students in its statewide accountability system, which may include 

combined subgroups of students. Consistent with section 1111(c)(2) of the ESEA, the 

regulations require that a State include certain subgroups of students, separately, when 

establishing long-term goals and measurements of interim progress under § 200.13, measuring 

the performance on each indicator under § 200.14, annually meaningfully differentiating schools 

under § 200.18, and identifying schools under § 200.19. These subgroups of students include 

economically disadvantaged students, students from each major racial and ethnic group, children 

with disabilities, as defined in section 8101(4) of the ESEA, and English learners, as defined in 

section 8101(20) of the ESEA. However, the statute does not prohibit a State from using 

additional subgroups in its statewide accountability system, which may include combined 

subgroups. We also believe it is appropriate for States to retain flexibility to include various 

additional subgroups, based on their contexts, so long as each required individual subgroup is 

also considered. Accordingly, we are not revising the regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters supported the requirement that a combined subgroup 

cannot be used in place of considering each of the required individual subgroups. A few 

commenters focused on the importance of maintaining the individual subgroups included in the 

proposed regulations. Some commenters noted that the use of so-called “super subgroups” in 

school ratings can mask underperformance of some individual subgroups of students, making it 

more difficult to identify schools with one or more consistently underperforming subgroups of 

students for targeted support and improvement, making it more challenging to provide 

specialized supports to support improvement, and limiting information available to the public 

and parents. Other commenters stated that combining subgroups of students without considering 

individual subgroups of students is contrary to the statutory purpose of increasing transparency, 

improving academic achievement, and holding schools accountable for the success of each 

subgroup. One commenter noted that there are different funding streams for particular 

subgroups of students, and that retaining individual definitions of these subgroups helps to 

ensure accountability for use of these funds. 

Some commenters highlighted that a combined subgroup can be important as an 

additional subgroup, as it may allow a State to include students in the statewide accountability 

system that would not otherwise be included. One commenter provided a State-level example to 

highlight how many more students are identified in a State accountability system when a 

combined subgroup is used in addition to individual subgroups.

A few commenters supported the use of combined subgroups for accountability and 

believe a State should be able to use them in place of each of the required subgroups. Other
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

74

commenters suggested that holding schools accountable for individual subgroups of students 

could raise questions regarding the validity and reliability of statewide accountability systems. 

Some commenters suggested that combined subgroups should be permitted for accountability, 

but that individual subgroups should be maintained for reporting.

Discussion: We appreciate the wide range of views from commenters both in support of and in 

opposition to the requirement that each individual subgroup described in § 200.16(a)(2) must be 

considered in a State’s accountability system, and that such subgroups cannot be replaced by a 

combined subgroup. We believe that the final regulations strike the appropriate balance between 

ensuring accountability for individual subgroups of students specified in the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, while also providing flexibility for States to include additional subgroups, 

including combined subgroups, in their statewide accountability systems.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter opposed the requirement that all indicators in a statewide 

accountability system measure the performance of each subgroup of students that meets the 

minimum n-size because it would increase the likelihood of diverse schools missing goals or 

receiving lower school ratings. 

Discussion: We acknowledge the commenter’s concern, but believe that the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, requires the consideration of individual subgroups for accountability purposes. 

Annual meaningful differentiation of school performance is addressed in greater detail in 

response to comments on § 200.18.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the Department consider allowing the use of the 

combined subgroup approach for the English learners, children with disabilities, and 

economically disadvantaged subgroups of students, provided that each State that combines these 

subgroups of students reports data on each subgroup individually as well as each of the ways that 

these three groups of students may be combined.

Discussion: We believe that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires the consideration of 

these individual subgroups of students for accountability purposes, and not, as recommended by 

the commenter, just for reporting purposes.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the proposed regulations be clarified to reflect that 

each subgroup of students should not include any duplicated students. Another commenter 

suggested that the use of combined subgroups of students in place of individual subgroups of 

students would help address what the commenter described as the problem of including students

in multiple subgroups (e.g., an economically disadvantaged student who is also a child with a 

disability). 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

75

Discussion: We appreciate that under both the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and the 

proposed regulations some students may be identified in more than one subgroup of students, but 

we believe this duplication is essential to ensure that statewide accountability systems account 

for and help address what often are the multiple needs of individual students for different types 

of academic and non-academic support. Reducing such duplication through the use of a 

combined subgroup could mask underperformance by individual subgroups of students and thus 

inhibit the provision of needed services and supports for such students. 

Changes: None.

Racial and Ethnic Subgroups

Comments: One commenter supported the requirement that a State consider each major racial 

and ethnic subgroup separately in its statewide accountability system. A few commenters, 

however, objected to the proposed requirement that students from each major racial and ethnic 

subgroup must be considered separately for the purposes of statewide accountability systems as 

an overreach of the Department’s authority. These commenters asserted that the absence of the 

word “each” in the reference to students from major racial and ethnic groups in section 

1111(c)(2)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, should be interpreted as providing

flexibility for States to use a combined subgroup of students that includes students from all racial 

and ethnic groups. The commenters explained that the performance of students in individual 

racial and ethnic subgroups can still be reported for transparency.

Discussion: We agree with the commenter who expressed support for the regulations requiring a

State to consider each major racial and ethnic subgroup separately for the purposes of its 

statewide accountability system. We believe that this regulation reflects the best reading of the 

statute, and do not agree with those commenters who assert that the absence of the word “each” 

from section 1111(c)(2)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, indicates that Congress 

intended for students from all major racial and ethnic groups to be combined into one subgroup. 

Such a subgroup would be virtually, if not completely, duplicative of all students, which could 

not have been Congress’ intent. Rather, we believe Congress’ reference to “major racial and 

ethnic groups” was intended to refer to the fact that States have authority to determine what the 

major racial and ethnic groups in their State are for purposes of compliance with this 

requirement. As such, there is not one list of major racial and ethnic groups that Congress could 

have included within section 1111(c)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Accordingly, 

we believe the regulatory clarification that “each” major racial and ethnic subgroup must be 

included is necessary to reasonably ensure compliance with this provision of the statute, and to 

ensure that States incorporate differentiated information for historically underserved subgroups 

of students into their accountability systems, thereby promoting educational equity. We note, 

further, that this interpretation of the statute is consistent with the interpretation of identical 

language used in prior authorizations of the ESEA.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the Department require every student to be included 

as a member of one major racial and ethnic subgroup. The commenter indicated concern that 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

76

when a student is included as a member of the “two or more races” subgroup of students the 

student may not be identified as a member of any one specific racial and ethnic subgroup should 

the “two or more races” subgroup of students not be identified by the State, which could result in 

the State not collecting data on all students. The commenter expressed that requiring each 

student to be a part of one racial and ethnic subgroup will help to ensure that subgroups of 

students meet the minimum n-size and can be included in a State accountability system.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s desire to ensure that subgroups of students 

accurately reflect the population of the school. Section 1111(c)(2)(B) requires a State to identify, 

for the purposes of including required subgroups of students in its statewide accountability 

system, “students from major racial and ethnic groups.” This requirement places responsibility 

on each State to identify which racial and ethnic groups are “major” within the State. Therefore, 

we decline to define in the final regulations which subgroups of students must be included in a 

State’s major racial and ethnic subgroups, as that is a State-specific determination. For the 

purposes of Federal data collection, the Department published final guidance in 2007 that allows 

individuals to select more than one race and/or ethnicity and expanded the reporting categories to 

include “two or more races.” Accordingly, a State may choose to include two or more races as a 

subgroup of students for accountability purposes, if the State considers that subgroup of students

to be a major one within the State. We appreciate the commenter’s concern that there may be 

small numbers of students in certain subgroups of students, and therefore, that students in those 

smaller subgroups of students may not be identified in a State’s statewide accountability system, 

and address that issue in response to comments on § 200.17 (disaggregation of data).

Changes: None.

New Subgroups

Comments: A number of commenters requested that States be required to include additional 

subgroups beyond those listed in proposed § 200.16, including, for example, Native American 

students who attend Native American Language Schools and Programs, juvenile justice-involved 

youth, LGBT students, students who did not attend preschool, homeless students, transient 

students, and migratory students.

Discussion: The individual subgroups of students currently required in statewide accountability 

systems by the regulations are consistent with those required by the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA. While we understand that creating additional subgroups of students may help focus 

needed attention of underserved students with unique academic and non-academic needs, we 

believe States should have discretion over the inclusion of any additional subgroups in their

statewide accountability systems. Consequently, we decline to provide further regulation in this 

area.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter noted that proposed § 200.16(b)(2) included a reference to students 

with a disability who are covered under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (Section 504) 

when discussing students who are English learners with a disability and raised questions 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

77

regarding the inclusion of students receiving services under Acts other than the IDEA. The 

commenter noted that nowhere else in the proposed changes, nor historically in EDFacts data 

collections, have students served under Section 504 been included with the subgroup of children 

with disabilities, as EDFacts collects information only on students identified as children with 

disabilities under the IDEA. The commenter questioned whether States should expect that 

students with disabilities covered under Section 504 will be included in the children with 

disabilities subgroup for the purposes of reporting, and asked for additional clarification about 

whether the Department intends to require separate reporting for students with disabilities 

covered under Section 504.

Discussion: We appreciate the request for clarification about this provision of the proposed 

regulations, which applies only to the English learner subgroup of students with regard to using 

the State’s ELP assessment within the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency 

indicator. Under the section 1111(b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, assessment 

accommodations for all students, including English learners, extend to students with disabilities 

covered under the IDEA, Section 504, and students with a disability who are provided 

accommodations under other Acts (i.e., title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)). 

To be more consistent with these statutory requirements, we are revising the final regulations on 

English learners with a disability to include English learners that receive services under title II of 

the ADA. It is possible that English learners with a disability covered under IDEA, Section 504, 

or title II of the ADA may have a disability for which there are no available and appropriate 

accommodations for one or more domains of the State’s ELP assessment because the student has 

a disability that is directly related to that particular domain (e.g., a non-verbal English learner 

who because of an identified disability cannot take the speaking portion of the assessment, even 

with accommodations)--the students described in proposed § 200.16(b)(2). Under the final 

regulations, we are clarifying that this determination can be made, on an individualized basis, by 

the student’s IEP team, the student’s 504 team, or for students covered under title II of the ADA,

by the individual or team designated by the LEA to make those decisions; for such an English 

learner, the State must include the student’s performance on the ELP assessment based on the 

remaining domains in which it is possible to assess the student. Whether the student receives 

services under the IDEA or is not eligible for services under the IDEA, but receives services 

under Section 504 or title II of the ADA, this student’s score would count for the purpose of 

measuring performance against the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency 

indicator.

These regulations do not create an additional subgroup for accountability or for reporting

purposes on the performance of students with disabilities who receive services under Section 504

or title II of the ADA who are also English learners. Additionally, we note that under section 

3121(a)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, an LEA must provide disaggregated data 

when reporting the number and percentage of English learners making progress toward ELP for 

English learners with disabilities. The term “English learner with a disability” is defined in the 

ESEA to mean an English learner who is also a child with a disability as defined under section 

602 of the IDEA. Rather than modifying the students included in the children with disabilities 

subgroup, the Department intended for these provisions to emphasize the importance of ensuring 

that there are available and appropriate accommodations for English learners who are also 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

78

students with disabilities and who receive services under the IDEA, Section 504, or title II of the 

ADA. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.16(c)(2) to clarify that the accommodations for English 

learners with a disability are determined on an individualized basis by the student’s IEP team, 

504 team, or individual or team designated by the LEA to make these decisions under title II of 

the ADA.

Former Children with Disabilities

Comments: A number of commenters replied to the Department’s directed question asking 

whether the provision to allow a State to include the scores of students who were previously 

identified as children with disabilities under section 602(3) of the Individuals with Disabilities 

Education Act (IDEA), but who no longer receives special education services (“former children 

with disabilities”), in the children with disabilities subgroup for the limited purpose of 

calculating the Academic Achievement indicator, and if so, whether such students may be 

included in the subgroup for up to two years consistent with current title I regulations, or for a 

shorter period of time.

A few commenters indicated that a State should have the flexibility to include the scores 

of former children with disabilities for the purpose of calculating the Academic Achievement 

indicator for up to four years, consistent with the statutory approach for former English learners. 

One commenter indicated that this approach would recognize that the student population changes 

over time and allow schools to be rewarded for the progress they have made in supporting former 

children with disabilities even after they exit from special education services. Another 

commenter asserted that the proposed flexibility would be important as students are still often 

receiving specialized supports when they have recently exited from special education services. 

A few commenters endorsed this approach so that students in the children with disabilities 

subgroup would be treated the same way as students formerly in the English learner subgroup. 

Another commenter believed that the flexibility should be more expansive so that a State could 

include the scores of former children with disabilities for as long as the State determines to be

appropriate. The commenter cited the example of a student with a language-based disability who 

is instructed in a Native American language and may overcome the disability as related to the 

Native American language, and then encounter the disability again when transferred to a school

where the student receives instruction in English.

A number of commenters supported States having the flexibility to include the scores of 

former children with disabilities in the children with disabilities subgroup for the purpose of 

calculating the Academic Achievement indicator for up to two years. The commenters 

contended that this flexibility would provide appropriate incentives to exit students from special 

education when they no longer require services and receive credit for the progress that schools 

have made in supporting such students. A few commenters also noted that it would ensure that 

schools remain accountable for the academic progress of children with disabilities once they exit 

from special education services. One commenter highlighted that students who transfer from 

special education back to general education make up about 9.3 percent of students aged 14-21 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

79

who exit a State’s special education services under IDEA and explained that allowing their 

scores to be counted in the children with disabilities subgroup for up to two years would allow a 

State to continue monitoring and better understand special education and general education 

student performance. 

On the other hand, many commenters objected to allowing a State to include the scores of 

former children with disabilities in the children with disabilities subgroup for purposes of 

calculating the Academic Achievement indicator. Most of these commenters agreed that the last 

year a student should count in the subgroup of children with disabilities is the year in which the 

student exits from receiving special education services. These commenters emphasized the need 

for accountability systems to accurately reflect students who are currently receiving special 

education services in the subgroup of children with disabilities. One commenter suggested that 

this flexibility would confound the baseline data in States, while a few commenters noted that 

unlike with respect to former English learners, the law does not explicitly provide States with the 

flexibility to include former children with disabilities in the subgroup of children with 

disabilities. One commenter asserted that extending flexibility to former children with 

disabilities would exceed the Department’s rulemaking authority because such flexibility is not 

included in statute. A few other commenters suggested that past reasons for including former 

children with disabilities in the subgroup of children with disabilities are irrelevant under the 

ESSA because of changes to the accountability requirements. One commenter indicated that 

including the achievement of former children with disabilities for purposes of determining the 

achievement of the subgroup of children with disabilities under the ESSA’s accountability 

structure will result in a system in which former children with disabilities are included for some 

purposes, but not all--adding confusion to the system and undermining transparency. A few 

commenters objected to this flexibility, noting that while English learners are expected to gain 

proficiency and exit English learner status, the goal for children with disabilities is not 

necessarily to exit special education services. One commenter indicated that there is not 

sufficient data on how many States, if any, are currently using this option and another suggested 

it is not the methodology employed within its State. 

Finally, one commenter suggested that former children with disabilities who are included 

in the subgroup of children with disabilities should also be counted in calculations of whether a 

school’s subgroup of children with disabilities exceeds the State’s n-size.

Discussion: We appreciate the comments in response to the directed question. We asked this 

question to determine whether we should maintain the flexibility that exists under § 200.20 of the 

current regulations. Current § 200.20 provides that in determining AYP for English learners and 

students with disabilities, a State may include in the English learner and students with disabilities 

subgroups, respectively, for up to two AYP determinations, scores of students who were 

previously English learners, but who have exited English learner status, and scores of students 

who were previously identified as a child with a disability under section 602(3) of the IDEA, but 

who no longer receive services.

We believe the flexibility to count the scores of former children with disabilities in the 

subgroup of children with disabilities for up to two years after the student exits services for the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

80

limited purpose of calculating indicators that are based on data from the required State 

assessments in reading/language arts and mathematics under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, recognizes the progress that schools and teachers make to exit 

students from special education and provides an incentive to continue to support such students in 

the initial years in which the student is transitioning back to general education. We also agree 

that it is critical to maintain a transparent subgroup of children with disabilities, so that the 

subgroup data are accurate and schools are appropriately identified for supports. To that end, the

final regulations require that a State include such scores only if the scores of all former children 

with disabilities are included in conformance with a uniform statewide procedure. Allowing a 

State to select which former children with disabilities to include, for which purposes, or for how 

long could undermine the fairness of accountability systems across the State by encouraging the 

inclusion of higher-achieving former children with disabilities only, or encouraging the inclusion 

of higher-achieving former children with disabilities for longer periods of time than their lowerachieving peers. We note that this regulation is a limited exception as it only allows a State to 

include these scores for the purposes of calculating indicators that rely on State assessment data 

in reading/language arts and mathematics and, as noted in proposed § 200.16(d), does not extend 

such flexibility to other elements of the statewide accountability system or for reporting 

purposes. 

However, we are not persuaded that either available data or current practices related to 

including former children with disabilities in the subgroup of children with disabilities justify 

extending this flexibility beyond two years, whether it be up to four years as is the case for 

former English learners or for a State-determined period of time as recommended by one 

commenter.

We do not agree that the fact that Congress specifically provided flexibility to include the 

scores of former English learners in the subgroup of English learners precludes the Department 

from offering flexibility to include the scores of former children with disabilities in the subgroup 

of children with disabilities. Nothing in the statute indicates that, by offering flexibility for one 

subgroup of students, Congress intended to prohibit similar flexibility for other subgroups of 

students. Providing this flexibility with respect to former children with disabilities constitutes a 

reasonable exercise of the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and 

section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and does not violate section 1111(e) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA (see discussion of the Department’s general rulemaking 

authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues), as such flexibility is necessary to reasonably 

ensure that each statewide accountability system is appropriately designed to improve student 

academic achievement and school success, in accordance with the requirements in section 

1111(c)(4) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

For all of these reasons, we are revising § 200.16 to retain the flexibility provided in the 

current regulations for former children with disabilities. We also are revising § 200.16 to require 

States to count former children with disabilities who are included in the subgroup of children 

with disabilities for purposes of determining whether a school’s subgroup of children with 

disabilities exceeds the State’s n-size for the purposes of calculating any indicator that is based 

on State assessment data, in accordance with the similar treatment for former English learners.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

81

Changes: We have revised § 200.16 by adding § 200.16(b) to allow a State to include the scores 

of former children with disabilities for up to two school years following the year in which the 

student exits from special education services for the purposes of calculating any indicator under 

§ 200.14(b) that uses data from State assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including that such a student must also count toward whether 

the school meets the State’s minimum number of students for the children with disabilities 

subgroup for measuring any such indicator, and that the State must develop a uniform statewide 

procedure for doing so that includes all such students for the same State-determined period of 

time. We also made conforming edits to the remaining paragraphs in § 200.16 and reorganized 

and renumbered them, including by adding a paragraph on limitations in § 200.16(d) to clarify 

the purposes for which both former English learners and children with disabilities may be 

included, consistent with revisions to § 200.34 on calculating four-year adjusted cohort 

graduation rates.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the flexibility to include former children with 

disabilities should extend to the Graduation Rate indicator, as well as the Academic 

Achievement indicator, believing that including the scores of exited students in both indicators 

will provide a better snapshot of school performance over time. Another commenter suggested 

that the flexibility to include former children with disabilities in the children with disabilities 

subgroup should extend across all indicators and to identification of schools for targeted support 

and improvement.

Discussion: We believe that revisions to § 200.34 of the final regulations addresses the 

commenter’s concern with regard to graduation rates, because those revisions require a child 

with a disability to be included in the adjusted cohort graduation rate for the children with 

disabilities subgroup if the student was identified as part of the subgroup at any time during high 

school. In practice, this means that if a student exited from receiving special education services 

in grade 9 and graduated in four years, the student will count as a graduate for the subgroup of 

children with disabilities, even though the student did not receive services under IDEA for the 

student’s final three years of high school. Further, a State may include the results of former 

children with disabilities in other indicators, such as Academic Progress, if the measure is based 

on data from the required State assessments in reading/language arts or mathematics (e.g., 

student growth or gap closure on these assessments). However, we do not believe further 

flexibility is warranted with regard to other indicators used for differentiation and identification 

of schools that do not utilize data from State assessments, as States already have significant

discretion in selecting measures for other indicators that take into account school climate, student 

engagement, or other factors that are less directly related to academic achievement.

Changes: We have revised § 200.16(d) to clarify the purposes for which both former English 

learners and children with disabilities may be included within the applicable subgroups, 

consistent with revisions to § 200.34 on calculating adjusted cohort graduation rates.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the ability to include the scores of former children 

with disabilities should not apply to students whose parents revoke consent to the continued 

provision of special education services. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

82

Discussion: We believe it would create undue confusion to create an exception for parents who 

revoke consent to the general rule about including the scores of former children with disabilities, 

especially as this provision is already limited in scope to the calculation of indicators that are 

based on data from State assessments required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Former English Learners

Comments: A number of commenters requested that a State be permitted to include former 

English learners for calculating indicators in addition to the Academic Achievement indicator. 

One of those commenters requested that former English learners also be included for reporting 

purposes. 

Discussion: Section 1111(b)(3)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, permits inclusion of 

former English learners’ results on the reading/language arts and mathematics assessments for up 

to four years for purposes of English learner subgroup accountability. These assessment results 

are included in the Academic Achievement indicator, as recognized in the proposed regulations, 

but we agree with commenters, in part, that there may be cases where other indicators should 

include former English learners because the indicator is also based on data from the required 

State assessments in reading/language arts or mathematics (e.g., a State that measures growth in 

reading/language arts and mathematics in grades 3-8 in its Academic Progress indicator). 

Further, we believe this interpretation is more consistent with the statutory provision in section 

1111(b)(3)(B) of the ESEA. Thus, we are revising the final regulations to clarify that, if a State 

chooses to include former English learners for accountability purposes, such students may be 

included in any indicator under the ESEA that uses results from the State’s reading/language arts 

and mathematics assessments. In any case where required State assessments in reading/language 

arts and mathematics are not included in an accountability indicator, former English learners may 

not be included, as expanding this flexibility to indicators that are not based on such State 

assessments or reporting would potentially limit subgroup accountability for current English 

learners in contravention of the statute. However, consistent with revisions to § 200.34, an 

English learner may be included for purposes of calculating the adjusted cohort graduation rate 

for the subgroup if the student was identified as part of the subgroup at any time during high 

school. In practice, if a student met the State’s exit criteria for English learners in grade 11 and 

graduated in four years, the student could be counted as a graduate in the four-year adjusted 

cohort graduation rate for the English learner subgroup, even though the student did not receive 

language instruction services for the final year of high school. We believe that this additional 

flexibility partially addresses the commenters’ concern with regard to the Graduation Rate 

indicator, but we do not believe further flexibility is warranted with regard to other indicators, as 

States already have significant discretion in selecting measures for other indicators that take into 

account student progress, school climate, student engagement, or other factors that are less 

directly related to academic achievement.

Changes: We renumbered and revised § 200.16(d) to clarify the purposes for which both former 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

83

English learners and children with disabilities may be included within the respective subgroups, 

consistent with revisions to § 200.34 on calculating adjusted cohort graduation rates.

Comments: A number of commenters expressed their support for proposed § 200.16(b)(1), 

permitting a State to include in the Academic Achievement indicator, for up to four years, a 

student who has exited English learner status. One such commenter, however, noted concern 

that allowing former English learners to be included may mask the performance of the English 

learner subgroup.

Discussion: We appreciate the support for proposed § 200.16(b), as well as the concern about 

masking of subgroup performance. Section 1111(b)(3)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, gives States the discretion to include the scores of former English learners on the 

reading/language arts and mathematics assessments for up to four years for purposes of English 

learner subgroup accountability; States are not required to do so. In addition, we believe that the 

masking concern is mitigated by § 200.16(d), which excludes former English learners from the 

English learner subgroup for reporting purposes (except those directly related to reporting on the 

indicators where such students may be included), thus ensuring that parents and other 

stakeholders receive information about the performance of current English learners through the 

reporting requirement. Further, we note that the inclusion of former English learners, if a State 

chooses to do so, may increase the likelihood that schools are held accountable for the English 

learner subgroup, as such students must be counted toward meeting the State’s minimum number 

of students for indicators that are based on data from State assessments in reading/language arts 

and mathematics. To that end, we are clarifying § 200.16(c)(1)(ii) to specify that this provision 

on counting former English learners towards meeting the State’s minimum number of students 

only applies for such indicators.

Changes: We have revised the regulations in § 200.16(c)(1)(ii) to specify that former English 

learners are included for purposes of calculating whether a school meets the State’s minimum 

number of students under § 200.17(a) for the English learner subgroup on any indicator under § 

200.14(b) that uses data from State assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA.

Comments: One commenter asked that the Department clarify that an English learner whose 

parents refuse services should not be considered a former English learner for purposes of 

proposed § 200.16(b)(1). In addition, commenters requested clarification that an English learner 

who exits status during the school year would be considered an English learner--not a former 

English learner--in that school year.

Discussion: We agree that only students who have exited English learner status can be 

considered as students who have ceased to be identified as English learners; English learners 

whose parents have opted the student out of services are still English learners until they meet the 

State’s exit criteria. We also agree that students who do meet the exit criteria during the school 

year should count as an English learner for that school year. We are therefore clarifying, in § 

200.16(c), that the regulation applies only to students who have met the State’s exit criteria, 

beginning with the year after they meet those criteria.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

84

Changes: We have modified § 200.16(c) to clarify how to calculate the four years after a student 

ceases to be identified as an English learner (i.e., the four years following the year in which the 

student meets the statewide exit criteria, consistent with § 299.19(b)(4)). 

English Learners with a Disability

Comments: A few commenters provided suggestions related to English learner students who are 

unable to be assessed in all four domains of language on the ELP assessment, as related to the 

requirement that such a student’s performance be included in the Progress in Achieving English 

Language Proficiency indicator. Most commenters indicated support for proposed § 

200.16(b)(2), which requires that if an English learner’s IEP team or 504 team determines that 

the student is unable to be assessed in all four domains of language, the State must include the 

student’s performance on the ELP assessment based on the remaining domains in which it is 

possible to assess the student. One commenter expressed hope that this exception would truly be 

an exception, and not apply to most English learners with disabilities. Another commenter 

supported the rule but suggested the addition of language indicating that the composite score for 

any student not assessed in the four domains of language must be valid and reliable. 

Additionally, a commenter suggested that the Department add language to the proposed 

regulations to allow accommodations for students with disabilities who have limited or no oral 

speech to take the speaking components of State assessments generally in ways that measure 

communication skills rather than only oral speech. The commenter provided specific examples 

of such accommodations, including using text-to-speech, sign language, and/or augmentative and 

assistive communication devices.

One commenter disagreed with the proposed regulation, stating that an English learner 

who has a disability that prevents the student from being assessed in one or more domains of 

language on the ELP assessment should be excluded from all calculations.

Discussion: We appreciate the support we received on this provision, as well as the nuanced 

issues raised by some of the commenters. We agree with the commenter indicating that this rule 

should be an exception and only serve the small fraction of English learners with disabilities 

who, because of an identified disability, cannot be assessed in one of the four domains of 

language. For these reasons, we are clarifying the final regulations to specify that this exception 

applies only in the case of an English learner with a disability that precludes assessment in one or 

more domains of the ELP assessment such that there are no appropriate accommodations for the 

affected domain(s), as determined on an individualized basis by the student’s IEP team, 504 

team, or individual or team designated by the LEA to make these decisions under Title II of the 

ADA. We disagree with the commenter who asserted that such students’ scores should be 

completely excluded from accountability systems; the exclusion of student scores is not only 

contrary to the statute but can result in a lack of proper attention and services for such students.

We appreciate the concerns of the commenter who requested that we add examples of 

particular accommodations and discuss issues of validity and reliability with regard to composite 

scores that do not include performance in all four domains. While we believe this information is 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

85

critical to the field, we believe that the recommended clarifications would be best addressed 

through non-regulatory guidance. Further, we note that specific issues regarding the statewide

ELP assessment, including validity, reliability, and accommodations, are outside the scope of 

these regulations, as they pertain to regulations on State assessments under part A of title I.

Changes: We have revised § 200.16(c)(2) to clarify that--in the case of an English learner with a 

disability that precludes assessment in one or more domains of the ELP assessment such that 

there are no appropriate accommodations for the affected domains, as determined on an 

individualized basis by the student’s IEP team, 504 team, or individual or team designated by the 

LEA to make these decisions under Title II of the ADA--States must, for purposes of measuring 

performance against the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, include 

such a student’s performance on the ELP assessment based on the remaining domains in which it 

is possible to assess the student.

Recently Arrived English Learners

Comments: A number of commenters expressed support for proposed § 200.16(b)(3)-(4) with 

respect to including the results from recently- arrived English learners in accountability

determinations. Of those, two commenters suggested extending the flexibility for inclusion of 

such results to three to five years.

Discussion: We appreciate the support for the regulations on recently arrived English learners. 

The timeframes in proposed § 200.16(b)(3) are the same as the requirements in section 

1111(b)(3)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters expressed concern that the requirement in proposed §

200.16(b)(3)(ii)(C), regarding growth on content assessments, effectively requires any State that 

decides to avail itself of that option for including recently arrived English learners in 

accountability to use a growth measure in its Academic Progress indicator.

Discussion: The requirements in section 1111(b)(3)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA,

permit the use of growth on content assessments in lieu of proficiency for accountability 

purposes in limited instances for recently arrived English learners. The commenters are correct 

that, under the second statutory option (section 1111(b)(3)(A)(ii)(II)(bb), and reflected in 

proposed § 200.16(b)(3)(ii)), in which recently arrived English learners are assessed in their first 

year on the reading/language arts as well as the math assessments, States are required to include 

a measure of student growth in the accountability system. Under the proposed regulations, a 

State would have been required to include the performance of such recently arrived English 

learners in their second year of enrollment in U.S. schools on those content assessments in a

growth measure in the Academic Achievement indicator for high schools, and in the Academic 

Progress indicator for non-high schools. We recognize that not all States may decide to use a 

measure of growth in the Academic Progress indicator, and are revising § 200.16(c)(3)(ii)(C) to 

clarify that a State may include a measure of growth in the second year of enrollment for such an 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

86

English learner in either the Academic Achievement or Academic Progress indicator to provide 

greater flexibility to States with regard to including growth for recently arrived English learners 

in elementary and middle schools. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.16(c)(3)(ii)(C) to allow growth for recently arrived English 

learners in their second year of enrollment in elementary and middle schools to be included in 

either the Academic Progress indicator or the Academic Achievement indicator.

Comments: None.

Discussion: In reviewing the proposed regulations, we believe it is necessary to clarify the 

uniform statewide procedure for determining which assessment and accountability exception, if 

any, applies to an individual recently arrived English learner, for States that choose not to apply 

the same exception to all recently arrived English learners in the State. The proposed regulations 

specified that the statewide procedure must take into consideration a student’s ELP level, 

consistent with the requirements for setting long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress for English learners in § 200.13, but did not similarly specify the point in time in which 

a recently arrived English learner’s ELP level should be examined. As the intent was to consider 

such a student’s initial level of ELP--and make a decision about which exception would apply 

for each of the following two to three years--we are revising the regulations accordingly. This 

approach is necessary, as a State must determine which exception is appropriate during the

student’s first year of enrollment in the U.S. schools in order to comply with the requirements of 

that exception in each succeeding year.

Changes: We have revised § 200.16(c)(4)(i)(B) to clarify that, for States that choose to use a 

uniform statewide procedure, a recently arrived English learner’s ELP level at the time of the 

student’s identification as an English learner must be taken into account in determining whether 

the exception applies.

Section 200.17 Disaggregation of data

N-sizes for accountability and reporting

Comments: We received a number of comments regarding a State’s determination of the 

minimum number of students sufficient to yield statistical and reliable information and protect 

student privacy, commonly known as the “minimum n-size.” A number of commenters 

supported the proposed requirements in § 200.17(a) for information that States must submit in 

their State plans related to n-size, including that States submit a justification and receive 

approval from the Department in order to use an n-size that exceeds 30 students for 

accountability purposes. Multiple commenters stated that the proposal preserves State flexibility 

and balances the need for n-sizes to be small enough to be inclusive of all required student 

subgroups in the statute, but also large enough to ensure statistical reliability and to protect 

students’ privacy. In particular, some commenters noted that requiring States to justify n-sizes 

above 30 will help ensure that historically disadvantaged student subgroups are not overlooked 

nor absent from the accountability system.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

87

Discussion: We appreciate the support of these commenters, and agree that the requirements in § 

200.17(a) are necessary and appropriate to ensure that States establish n-sizes that not only help 

produce valid and reliable accountability determinations, but also ensure all students and 

subgroups of students are meaningfully included in annual meaningful differentiation and 

identification of schools and in annual report cards. These provisions provide sufficient 

flexibility for States to determine their own n-sizes for accountability and reporting while 

protecting equity and the focus on educational opportunity and excellence for all students.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters disagreed with the proposed requirement for a 

justification to exceed a minimum n-size of 30 students and recommended eliminating this 

requirement in the final regulation. These commenters recommended that instead States be 

allowed to select, in consultation with stakeholders, an n-size they believe is appropriate without 

any further parameters, or that the Department move these provisions to non-regulatory 

guidance. Some of these commenters also objected that a requirement for States to justify their 

n-size exceeds the Department’s statutory authority or violates the prohibition in section 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VIII) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, related to prescribing the 

minimum number of students a State uses for purposes of accountability and reporting. 

Discussion: As discussed previously, we appreciate the support of many commenters for the 

requirement that States submit a justification for a minimum n-size exceeding 30 students for 

review and approval by the Department as part of the State plan process. We agree that this 

approach strikes the right balance toward ensuring each State’s n-size meets all statutory 

requirements. We also believe this requirement is consistent with both the Department’s 

rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA (as previously described in the discussion of Cross-Cutting Issues), and the specific 

provisions of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and that it does not violate section 1111(e) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. More specifically, the requirement in § 200.17(a)(2)(iii) 

and (3)(v) is not inconsistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VIII) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, because it does not prescribe a specific minimum n-size. Rather, the regulations 

establish a baseline expectation that a State will select an n-size of 30 or less, or otherwise 

submit a justification for a higher number. A State that selects an n-size that is lower than 30 has 

significant discretion to select any n-size below 30, so long as it meets the requirements of 

section 1111(c)(3) of the ESEA and § 200.17(a)(1)-(2). Further, a State retains the flexibility to 

establish an n-size that is higher than 30, provided it demonstrates how the higher number 

promotes sound, reliable accountability decisions consistent with the statutory requirements for 

n-size and the law’s focus on accountability for subgroup performance at the school level. The 

requirements in §§ 200.17(a)(2)(iii) and (3)(v) fall squarely within the scope of the title I, part A 

of the statute and are necessary to reasonably ensure that States are able to meet the requirements 

of section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which requires a State to 

establish a system of meaningful differentiation that includes differentiation of any school in 

which any subgroup of students is consistently underperforming, while also meeting the 

requirements of section 1111(c)(3) of the ESEA.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

88

The State-determined n-size must meet several requirements in the statute, including to 

support valid and reliable accountability determinations and data reporting; to protect student 

privacy; and to support the inclusion of each subgroup of students for purposes of measuring 

student progress against the State’s long-term goals and indicators, annually meaningfully 

differentiating schools based on those indicators, identifying schools with low-performing and 

consistently underperforming subgroups, and providing support for improvement in those 

schools. We agree with commenters that stakeholder engagement is critically important in 

selecting an n-size that works in the context of each State; in fact, under the statute and §§ 

299.13 and 299.15, States are required to conduct meaningful and timely stakeholder 

engagement to establish their accountability systems, including their n-size. That said, we

disagree that additional parameters for a State to consider in setting its n-size are unnecessary or 

best discussed in non-regulatory guidance only. Setting an n-size that is statistically sound and

inclusive of subgroups has been a challenge for States, and past approaches have, at times,

prioritized setting a conservative n-size (e.g., 100 students) at the expense of providing 

meaningful subgroup accountability. Current regulations in § 200.7, which were updated in 

2008, include many similar parameters as those in proposed § 200.17(a). These regulations were 

promulgated to provide greater transparency to the public in how n-sizes are established and 

establish a reasonable approach for States to balance statistical reliability and privacy with the 

statutory emphasis on disaggregation and subgroup accountability, consistent with the NCLB’s 

purpose to close achievement gaps.6 These reasons remain applicable under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, given that section 1111(c)(3) requires all States to select an n-size that is 

statistically sound and protects student privacy for all purposes under title I, including subgroup 

accountability and reporting. Further, since the 2008 regulations took effect, numerous States 

have lowered their n-sizes, including sixteen in the last two years.7 We strongly believe that 

creating a process in the State plan for stakeholders to meaningfully engage in establishing a 

State’s n-size, including by requiring a State selecting an n-size larger than 30 students to 

provide transparent data and clear information on the rationale and impact of its selected n-size, 

is essential to maintain this progress in using lower n-sizes and to support a better, and more 

appropriate balance between validity, reliability, student privacy, and maximum inclusion of 

subgroups of students.

Changes: None.

Comments: Many commenters supported proposed § 200.17(a), under which a State must justify 

in its State plan setting any minimum n-size above 30 students, but recommended that the 

threshold above which a justification for the State’s proposed n-size is required be lower than 30 

students. The majority of those commenters recommended that any proposed n-size above 10

students for accountability and reporting purposes (as the proposed regulations would permit a 

State to select a lower n-size for reporting) require a justification in the State plan; a few 

commenters recommended that the Department require a justification for any proposed n-size 

above 20. Some commenters who supported a lower number were concerned that a threshold of 

 

6 See: 73 FR 64335, 64441-64442 (October 29, 2008). 

7 Cardichon, J. (2016). “Ensuring equity in ESSA: the role of n-size in subgroup accountability.” Alliance for Excellence in 

Education. http://all4ed.org/reports-factsheets/n-size/
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

89

30 students would provide an incentive for States that are currently using a lower n-size to raise 

their n-size to 30.

In support of their suggestion that we lower to 10 the threshold above which a State must 

provide further justification for its proposed n-size, some commenters cited research, including a

2016 Alliance for Excellent Education8report and a 2010 IES report9concluding that data based 

on n-sizes of 5 or 10 students may be reported reliably without revealing personally identifying 

information. To show how a lower number would increase subgroup accountability, some 

commenters provided evidence from select States on the number and percentage of students that 

were “added” to the accountability system or the number and percentage of schools that were 

newly held accountable for subgroup performance when that State lowered its n-size. Other 

commenters cited a general concern about including particular subgroups, such as children with 

disabilities, English learners, or Native American students, in the accountability system or 

ensuring particular schools, like rural schools, were held accountable for subgroup performance. 

Others who recommended a threshold of 10 pointed to the Department’s proposed rule, Equity in 

IDEA, which suggested a minimum n-size of not more than 10 as the standard methodology to 

determine whether there is significant disproportionality in each State and its LEAs, based on 

race or ethnicity due to overrepresentation in the identification, placement, and discipline of 

children with disabilities. Another commenter believed that lowering the threshold to 10 would 

improve the ability to make cross-State comparisons based on educational data. 

Finally, a few commenters challenged the research basis for the proposal of 30 as the nsize above which a justification is required--but instead of recommending a lower threshold, the 

commenters either requested that the final regulations provide States greater flexibility in 

selecting an n-size, or require States to describe how their n-size minimizes error and provides 

for adequate validity and reliability of school-level reporting and accountability decisions 

generally.

Discussion: We appreciate the support of commenters for our approach to State-determined 

minimum n-sizes, including requiring a justification from States for proposing to use an n-size 

above a certain threshold, and agree with the goal of maximizing subgroup accountability; we 

strongly encourage States to use the lowest possible n-size that will produce valid and 

statistically sound data, protect student privacy, and meaningfully include all subgroups of 

students--which may well be lower than 30 students in many States. However, we do not believe 

that the current state of practice or current research on minimum n-sizes supports requiring States 

to submit a justification of an n-size below 30 students for accountability purposes, although this 

could change in the future, as additional research is produced and as evidence from State 

implementation of disaggregated accountability and reporting under the ESEA is gathered. We 

also disagree with commenters that research suggests 30 is an inappropriate threshold altogether 

 

8 Cardichon, J. (2016). “Ensuring equity in ESSA: the role of n-size in subgroup accountability.” Alliance for Excellence in 

Education. http://all4ed.org/reports-factsheets/n-size/ 

9 U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics (2010). “Statistical 

Methods for Protecting Personally Identifiable Information in Aggregate Reporting.” Brief 3, NCES 2011-603. 

https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2011603 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

90

and preferred for States to provide a general description of how their n-size meets the statutory 

requirements for validity and reliability. 

The Department believes that requiring additional information for an n-size above 30 

students is warranted, because, based on basic statistics and research analyses, an n-size that 

exceeds 30 is less likely to meet the requirements in the statute, particularly those requiring 

States to adopt school accountability systems that reflect the performance of individual 

subgroups of students, and thus, requires justification as part of the State plan review and 

approval process. Validity and reliability are not the only statutory and regulatory requirements

for a State in selecting its n-size; these criteria must be balanced with the requirement for an nsize that is small enough to provide for the inclusion of each student subgroup in school-level 

accountability and reporting. Not only is this critical to maintain educational equity and protect 

historically underserved populations of students, but it is also a clear purpose of accountability 

systems under section 1111(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, as disaggregation is 

required when measuring student progress against the State’s long-term goals and indicators and 

notifying schools with a consistently underperforming subgroup of students for targeted support 

and improvement. Thus, it is equally important for States to justify how their n-size preserves 

accountability for subgroups as it is for States to demonstrate validity and reliability as a result of 

their chosen n-size. Research demonstrates how n-sizes larger than 30 require further 

justification to show that subgroups of students will be included. For example, under NCLB, 79 

percent of students with disabilities were included in the accountability systems of States with an 

n-size of 30, but only 32 percent of students with disabilities were included in States with an nsize of 40.10

 Similarly, a more recent analysis of California’s CORE school districts,11 found that 

only 37 percent of African American students’ math scores are reported at the school-level with 

an n-size of 100 students, but 88 percent of such students were included using an n-size of 20 

students. For students with disabilities, the difference was larger: 25 percent of students with 

disabilities were reported at the school-level under an n-size of 100, while 92 percent were 

included with an n-size of 20. Other reports have demonstrated that an n-size of 60 can 

potentially exclude all students with disabilities from a State’s accountability system.12 

In addition, while there are many desirable and stable statistical properties that are 

attributable to an n-size of 30, because that is the sample size at which a distribution approaches 

normality (an assumption for strong validity for most statistical tests of inference based on the 

Central Limit Theorem), the subgroups of students that are included for school accountability 

and reporting purposes are not, technically, a sample. Because a State is required to measure the 

performance of all students and all students in each subgroup of students in calculating the

accountability indicators for a given school, the data used for accountability are representatives 

 

10 Harr-Robins, J., Song, M., Hurlburt, S., Pruce, C., Danielson, L., & Garet, M. (2013). “The inclusion of students with 

disabilities in school accountability systems: An update (NCEE 2013-4017).” Washington, DC: National Center for Education 

Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, pp. 24-26.

11 Hough, H., & Witte, J. (2016). “Making students visible: Comparing different student subgroup sizes for accountability.” 

CORE-PACE Research Partnership, Policy Memo, 16-2.

12 Simpson, M. A., Gong, B., & Marion, S. (2006). “Effect of minimum cell sizes and confidence interval sizes for special 

education subgroups on school-level AYP determinations.” Council of Chief State School Officers; Synthesis Report 

61. National Center on Educational Outcomes, University of Minnesota.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

91

of a census, or universe, of the entire school population for any given year on any given measure. 

While collecting data for an entire population does not mitigate all potential sources of error in 

the data, it does mitigate one very large one: sampling error because the data are not 

representative of the school as a whole.

Accordingly, the Department does not dispute that an n-size lower than 30 students, such 

as 10 or 20, may also be valid, reliable, and maximally inclusive of subgroups--especially for 

reporting purposes--which is why we believe further justification in a State selecting such an nsize is unnecessary. In specifying 30 as the threshold, we were not only considering the current 

state of research, but also current practice; only eight States use an n-size for accountability 

greater than 30 students,13 so we believe a threshold of 30 will not add burden to the State plan 

for most States and recognizes the significant progress many States have made in recent years to 

lower their n-sizes below 30 students.14 We also do not believe that establishing a threshold of 

30 students will encourage States currently using a lower n-size to move to a higher number; 

such States have established lower n-sizes in response to their own needs and circumstances, and 

not because of any current statutory or regulatory provision, and thus would be unlikely to revisit 

earlier decisions in response to a regulation that would not require such action. In sum, after 

examining these trends in practice and research, we believe a lower threshold would mostly 

result in greater burden without the desired outcome of commenters (lower n-sizes), because, 

based on the current the state of knowledge, many States could likely provide a solid justification 

for selecting an n-size between 10 and 30 students in their State plans.

We also note that § 200.17(a)(2)(iv) would permit States to use a lower n-size, such as 

10, for reporting, while using a different n-size for accountability. Further, § 200.20(a) permits a 

State to average school-level data across grades or over time for particular accountability 

purposes, including calculating each indicator, so that a State choosing to take advantage of this 

flexibility may sum the number of students with valid data in a particular subgroup and increase 

the likelihood that a school meets the minimum n-size (see final § 200.20(a)(1)(A)). For 

example, the indicators for a school that served a total of ten English learners for each of the last 

three years will, if an SEA chooses to combine results over three years, be calculated as a 

combined average of its data from all grades and years; the LEA would have 30 students in this 

subgroup. 

This decision to maintain a threshold of 30, above which a State must justify its proposed 

n-size, is independent of the different analysis and proposal accompanying the Equity in IDEA 

proposed regulations, which was based on the context and experience of the IDEA and not the 

statewide accountability systems required by the ESEA. Finally, as the ESEA provides States 

 

13 Cardichon, J. (2016). “Ensuring equity in ESSA: the role of n-size in subgroup accountability.” Alliance for Excellence in 

Education. http://all4ed.org/reports-factsheets/n-size/

14 In the last two years alone, sixteen States and the California CORE districts lowered their n-size for either reporting or 

accountability purposes: Alaska from 26 to 5; Arizona from 40 to 30; Connecticut from 40 to 20. California’s CORE districts 

from 100 to 20; Florida from 30 to 10; Georgia from 30 to 15; Idaho from 34 to 25; Illinois from 45 to 10; Maine from 20 to 10. 

Minnesota from 40 to 10 for reporting, and to 20 for accountability; Mississippi from 30 to 10; Nevada from 25 to 10; North 

Carolina from 40 to 30; Pennsylvania from 30 to 11; Rhode Island from 45 to 20; South Carolina from 40 to 30; and Texas from 

50 to 25.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

92

with discretion to develop their own challenging academic standards and aligned assessments, 

ambitious long-term goals and measurements of interim progress, and unique measures and 

indicators for differentiation of schools, it is not clear that simply setting a lower n-size would 

support meaningful cross-State comparisons, since even if there was additional information 

available at a school-level for particular subgroups, such comparisons would be meaningless 

across States as the underlying measures are, more often than not, unique to each State.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters recommended that the Department require all States, not only 

those that propose n-sizes greater than 30 students, to submit data on the number and percentage 

of schools that would not be held accountable for the performance of particular subgroups of 

students based on the selected n-size. 

Discussion: While the final regulations require States that request to use an n-size greater than

30 students to submit data on the number and percentage of schools that would not be held 

accountable for the results of students in each subgroup described in § 200.16(a)(2), requiring all 

States to submit this information would unnecessarily increase burden on States that select an nsize that is likely to meet the law’s requirements for a threshold that is valid, reliable, and 

maximally inclusive of all students and each subgroup of students, as discussed previously. 

However, in light of these comments on the importance of comparative data on school-level 

accountability for subgroups, we are revising § 200.17(a)(3)(v), to provide that a State’s 

justification of an n-size above 30 includes both data on the number and percentage of schools in 

the State that would not be held accountable for the results of subgroups described in §

200.16(a)(2) under its proposed n-size as well as comparative data on the number of schools that 

would not be held accountable for the performance of those subgroups with an n-size that is 30. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.17(a)(3)(v) to clarify that a State’s justification for an n-size 

above 30 students includes data on the number and percentage of schools that would not be held 

accountable for results from each subgroup based on the State’s proposed n-size, compared to 

data on the number and percentage of schools in the State that would not be held accountable for 

each subgroup if the State had selected an n-size of 30 students.

Comments: Some commenters recommended that all States be required to submit data on the 

number and percentage of all students and subgroups described in § 200.16(a)(2) for whose 

results a school would not be held accountable for each indicator in the State accountability 

system. In addition, a few of these commenters recommended making this information available 

on SEA and LEA report cards in addition to the State plan.

Discussion: Proposed § 200.17(a)(3)(iv) requires all States in their State plans to submit 

information regarding the number and percentage of all students and students in each subgroup 

of students for whose results a school would not be held accountable in the State accountability 

system for annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18. As annual meaningful 

differentiation of schools is based on all of the State’s indicators, we believe that it would be 

unnecessarily burdensome for all States to provide an indicator-by-indicator analysis on the 

number and percentage of students in each subgroup that are included in the accountability 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

93

system, or for States to provide this information in two places, the State plan and their report 

cards. We encourage States, as part of the process of meaningful and timely consultation in 

developing new accountability systems as described in §§ 299.13 and 299.15, to conduct any 

analyses, in consultation with stakeholders and technical experts, that they believe will be useful 

in setting an n-size that is valid, reliable, consistent with protecting student privacy, and 

maximally inclusive of all students and each subgroup of students.

15

 We also note that States 

may provide additional analyses or data on their selected n-size in their State plans, or make such 

additional analyses and data public, if they so choose. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters recommended prohibiting the use of an n-size that exceeds 30

students.

Discussion: We believe that restricting n-sizes above 30 students would be inconsistent with 

section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VIII) of the ESEA, which prohibits the Department from prescribing a 

State’s n-size so long as the State-determined number meets all requirements of section 

1111(c)(3). 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters recommended prohibiting States from using n-sizes over 10 

students for reporting purposes or requiring States to use a lower n-size for reporting than for 

accountability purposes.

Discussion: The Department agrees that States should use an n-size that is no larger than 

necessary to protect student privacy for reporting purposes, especially given the importance of 

providing transparent and clear information on State and LEA report cards that includes 

disaggregated information by each subgroup. However, we decline to establish a specific 

threshold for reporting purposes, because States have demonstrated a commitment to using a low 

n-size (e.g., 10 or lower) for reporting purposes without regulations requiring them to do so. In 

addition, we believe that restricting n-sizes for reporting purposes above 10 students would be 

inconsistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VIII) of the ESEA, which prohibits the Department 

from prescribing a State’s n-size so long as the State-determined number meets all requirements 

of section 1111(c)(3). We also disagree with the recommendation to require a lower n-size for 

reporting, as this could require States that have set a similarly low n-size (e.g., 10 students) for 

both purposes to increase their n-size for accountability, and believe the decision to use a lower 

reporting n-size is best left to States.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters opposed the requirement in proposed § 200.17(a)(2)(ii) that the 

 

15 See, for example: https://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Every-Student-Succeeds-Act-ESSA/Nsize-TopicDiscussion-Guide.pdf.aspx
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

94

n-size be the same for all accountability purposes, including for each indicator and for 

calculating participation rates on assessments, believing that the proposed requirements are 

overly prescriptive and unnecessary to ensure States comply with the law’s requirements for 

establishing n-sizes. In addition, one commenter disagreed with other provisions in proposed §

200.17(a)(2), including the requirement that the State-determined n-size be the same for all

students and for each subgroup of students and the option of using a lower n-size for reporting

purposes. 

Discussion: We disagree with the commenters that the proposed requirements in § 200.17(a)(2) 

are unnecessary to ensure that States set valid and reliable n-sizes consistent with the law’s 

requirements. First, the requirement in § 200.17(a)(2)(i) for the n-size established by each State 

to be the same for all students and for each subgroup of students is statutory (section 

1111(c)(3)(A)(i) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA) whenever disaggregation is required 

under part A of title I. Second, we believe it is critical for a State to use the same n-size for all 

accountability purposes, including for each indicator in the accountability system, as required 

under § 200.17(a)(2)(ii), in order to ensure fairness and equity in accountability decisions and the 

maximal inclusion of all students in all indicators (with the exception of the Progress in 

Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, which applies only to English learners). For 

example, allowing a State to set a higher n-size for a School Quality or Student Success indicator

would reduce the number of schools held accountable for student performance on these new 

indicators and undermine a key goal of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that school 

performance determinations be based on broader multiple measures of student and school 

performance. Finally, as discussed previously, we believe that allowing a lower n-size for 

reporting is both reflective of current practice in numerous States, encourages States to consider 

ways they can report results for as many subgroups as possible, and consistent with the statutory 

requirements related to minimum n-size.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters objected to the Department’s proposal that a State explain how 

other components of its accountability system interact with the State’s n-size to affect the 

statistical reliability and soundness of the State’s accountability system and to ensure the 

maximum inclusion of all students and each subgroup. They recommended eliminating this

requirement because they believe it exceeds the Department’s legal authority and unnecessarily 

increases burden on States. 

Discussion: We believe these requirements, which mirror similar requirements in current 

regulations regarding a State’s n-size used for accountability, continue to be reasonably 

necessary to ensure that this key aspect of a State’s accountability system--its selected n-size for 

accountability purposes--is consistent with one of the stated purposes of title I of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA: to close educational achievement gaps. This purpose cannot be 

accomplished without subgroup accountability and, thus, it is necessary that the regulations 

emphasize how States can consider ways to maximize inclusion of student subgroups 

comprehensively, looking across the design of their accountability system. For example, 

averaging school-level data across grades or years for calculating the indicators, as permitted 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

95

under § 200.20(a), is one tool a State can use to maximize the inclusion of subgroups, as States 

choosing to use this procedure combine, for any measure in an indicator, the number of students

with valid data in the applicable subgroup across a whole school, or the number of students in the 

subgroup with valid data over up to three years. As a result, a school is much more likely to 

meet a State’s minimum n-size for a particular subgroup because it can sum the amount of 

available data (across grades and across years) for the subgroup on each indicator as described in 

§ 200.20(a)(1)(A). Further, making this information available in the State plan is necessary to 

reasonably ensure that the public will be able to consult on the State’s n-size (consistent with 

section 1111(c)(3)(A)(ii) of the ESEA) and better understand how schools are being held 

accountable for the performance of students, including each subgroup. Accordingly, these 

requirements fall within the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA and the DEOA as 

well as under section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and, as they are within the 

scope of section 1111(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, they do not violate section 

1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA (see further discussion under the heading CrossCutting Issues). Finally, because of the importance of n-sizes for the validity, reliability, and 

transparency of statewide accountability systems, the benefits of these requirements outweigh the 

burden on States of complying with them.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters recommended that LEAs be added to the list of required 

stakeholders in section 1111(c)(3)(A)(ii) with whom States must collaborate in determining their 

n-sizes.

Discussion: LEAs are one of the stakeholders States must consult in the overall development of 

the State plan consistent with §§ 299.13 and 299.15, which includes the State’s accountability 

system and determination of n-size as described in § 299.17.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter questioned why the proposed regulations request a justification 

from States that select an n-size above 30 students in § 200.17, but permit a high school with 

fewer than 100 students that is identified for comprehensive support and improvement due to low 

graduation rates to forego implementation of a comprehensive support and improvement plan 

under § 200.21.

Discussion: The State discretion for small high schools in § 200.21(g) is a statutory requirement 

in section 1111(d)(1)(C)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and is separate and unrelated 

to the requirements in section 1111(c)(3)(A) of the ESEA for States to establish an n-size for any 

purpose where disaggregated data are required under part A of title I.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department issue non-regulatory guidance in 

addition to § 200.17 to better support States in reporting information that can be disaggregated 

for the maximum number of subgroups, particular if a school or LEA does not meet the State’s 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

96

n-size.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s suggestion and agree that these best practices would 

be best discussed in non-regulatory guidance.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: In reviewing the proposed regulations, the Department believes it is necessary to 

clarify that if a State elects to use a lower n-size for reporting purposes than it does for 

accountability purposes, it must do so in a way that continues to meet the statutory requirement 

under section 1111(b)(3)(A)(i) and § 200.17(a)(2)(i) for the State to use the same minimum 

number of students for all the students group and for each subgroup of students for provisions 

under title I that require disaggregation. The intent of this flexibility in the proposed regulations 

was to permit a State, consistent with current practice, to use an n-size for reporting purposes 

(e.g., 6 students) that the State may feel is too low for accountability purposes but will maximize 

transparency and the amount of publicly reported data on subgroup performance--not to exempt

the State from other critical requirements under proposed § 200.17. Because a consistent n-size 

for all subgroups is a statutory requirement, we believe it is important to reiterate that it applies 

to any n-size used for either reporting or accountability under title I of the ESEA.

Changes: We have revised § 200.17(a)(2)(iv) to clarify that a State that elects to use a lower nsize for reporting purposes must continue to meet the requirement to use the same n-size for the 

all students group and for each subgroup of students for purposes of reporting.

Personally Identifiable Information

Comments: Several commenters pointed out that a minimum n-size lower than 30 students has 

the ability to adequately protect student privacy, often citing a 2010 Institute of Education 

Sciences (IES) report16 concluding that data based on n-sizes of 5 or 10 students may be reported 

reliably without revealing personally identifying information. 

Discussion: While we recognize that suppression of data for small subgroups of students is often 

necessary to protect the privacy of individuals in those subgroups, we maintain that the specific 

n-size adopted by States is only one component of a broader methodology for protecting privacy 

in public reporting. In most cases, suppression of data about small subgroups must be 

accompanied with the application of additional statistical disclosure limitation methods (e.g., 

complementary suppression, blurring, top/bottom-coding) to effectively protect student privacy. 

Selection of a specific n-size (e.g., 5 students versus 10 students) to protect student privacy is 

secondary to the proper application of these additional methods. 

 

16 U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics (2010). “Statistical 

Methods for Protecting Personally Identifiable Information in Aggregate Reporting.” Brief 3, NCES 2011-603. 

https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2011603 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

97

In response to those that believe a lower threshold is appropriate, because such a lower 

number (e.g., 10 students) is sufficient to protect student privacy, the proposal that States justify 

and receive approval to use an n-size exceeding 30 students is not driven solely by privacy 

considerations. Privacy protections must also be considered within the larger context of 

selecting an n-size that meets the statutory requirements that all disaggregated data used for 

accountability and reporting purposes be of sufficient size to yield statistically sound information 

and be small enough to maximally include all students and subgroups of students. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Recognizing the complexity of protecting privacy in public reporting, several 

commenters requested that the Department provide guidance to States and LEAs on this issue. 

Discussion: The Department previously released several technical assistance resources on this 

subject through the Privacy Technical Assistance Center (PTAC, available at http://ptac.ed.gov), 

and offers further guidance and targeted technical assistance on disclosure methods through 

PTAC’s Student Privacy Help Desk (PrivacyTA@ed.gov). The Department also intends to 

release additional non-regulatory guidance in the future on this subject to assist educational 

agencies and institutions with their reporting requirements under the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters questioned the Department’s authority to expand privacy 

protections under this section to anyone other than students, as the Family Educational Rights 

and Privacy Act only protects personally identifiable information from students’ education 

records and does not extend similar protections to school personnel. 

Discussion: The provision in § 200.17(b) merely reiterates section 1111(i) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which prohibits the reporting of disaggregated information if it would 

reveal personally identifiable information about teachers, principals, or other school leaders. As 

§ 200.17(b) reiterates this statutory requirement, it is being issued consistent with the 

Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA and the DEOA and under section 1601(a) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, as the regulation is necessary to reasonably ensure compliance 

with section 1111(i) of the statute.

Changes: None.

Section 200.18 Annual meaningful differentiation of school performance: performance levels, 

data dashboards, summative determinations, and indicator weighting

Summative Ratings

Comments: Many commenters supported the proposed regulations as consistent with the law’s 

requirement for all States to meaningfully differentiate schools and identify schools for support 

and improvement, including the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools, using a 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

98

methodology that is based on all of the indicators and affords certain indicators “much greater”

weight. These commenters further noted that the statute, in effect, includes three summative 

rating categories: the two categories of schools that must implement improvement plans (i.e., 

comprehensive support and improvement and targeted support and improvement schools), and a 

third category of schools, those not identified for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement. 

Some commenters recommended that the Department clarify that a State may use these

classifications of schools in the statute (i.e., comprehensive support and improvement, targeted 

support and improvement, not identified for support and improvement) to meet the proposed 

requirement in § 200.18 to give all schools a summative rating from among at least three 

categories. These commenters recommended conforming edits throughout the regulation, 

including in proposed § 200.19, to refer to a State’s summative “determination” or 

“classification,” as an alternative to a “rating.” Further, they suggested we clarify that a State 

could use a “dashboard” approach to make those determinations, although a State would also be 

permitted to create a separate and distinct methodology, like a numerical index. 

Alternatively, several other commenters stated that the requirement for a summative 

rating was inconsistent with the statute, an overreach of the Department’s authority, and at odds 

with the law’s intent to provide more flexibility and create less burden for States with regard to 

accountability. Some of these commenters also asserted that the requirement for a summative 

rating violates section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which 

provides that nothing in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, authorizes or permits the Secretary 

to prescribe the specific methodology used by States to meaningfully differentiate or identify 

schools under title I, part A.

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ support and agree with those who recommended

clarifying that (1) the requirement for each State to provide schools with a summative rating 

from among at least three rating categories is consistent with the law’s requirements for school 

identification, and (2) a State may satisfy the summative rating requirement by making these 

statutorily required identification determinations its summative rating for each school, as 

opposed to developing a separate system of ratings that uses different categories of schools for 

annual meaningful differentiation. Given that these determinations in the statute are one way a 

State may meet the requirement to provide information on a school’s overall level of 

performance, we are revising the final regulation to clarify that the system of annual meaningful 

differentiation must produce a single summative “determination” for each school that 

“meaningfully differentiates” between schools. Because the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

requires identification of three summative categories of schools based on all indicators--

comprehensive support and improvement, targeted support and improvement, and schools that 

are not identified--we are further renumbering and revising § 200.18(a)(4) to note that a State’s 

summative determinations for each school may be those three categories. We believe the final 

regulation, as with the proposed regulation, promotes State flexibility in designing accountability 

systems, so that multiple approaches may be used, with different categories, such as A-F grades, 

numerical scores, accreditation systems, or other school classifications. A State choosing to use 

one of these approaches would still be required to identify comprehensive support and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

99

improvement and targeted support and improvement schools as required under the statute. 

Given the clarification in § 200.18(a)(4) that a State may meet this requirement by 

identifying, at a minimum, the two statutorily required categories of schools along with a third 

category of schools that are not identified, we believe it is clear that this regulation falls squarely 

within the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and within the scope of section 1111(c) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA

(see further discussion of these authorities in the discussion of Cross-Cutting Issues). Moreover, 

each State retains significant discretion to design its methodology and determine how it will 

reach a single summative determination for each school. For example, one State could develop a 

two-dimensional matrix, with schools assigned an overall performance category based on how 

they fare on each dimension, while another State could design a numerical index that awards 

points for each indicator, with an overall score driving the summative determination, while yet 

another State could assign each school a determination based on the number of indicators on 

which the school performs at a particular level or another set of business rules. A State also has 

discretion to assign a single grade or number or to develop some other mechanism, including one 

based on a data “dashboard,” for reaching a single summative determination--categories of 

schools like “priority” and “focus” schools that States have used under ESEA flexibility, for 

example, would also be permitted.17 Given the broad flexibility available to a State for meeting 

this requirement, § 200.18(a)(4), as renumbered, is not inconsistent with section 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because it does not prescribe a 

particular methodology that a State must use to annually differentiate schools. 

Changes: We have renumbered and revised § 200.18(a)(4) to clarify that a State must provide 

each school, as part of its system of meaningful differentiation, a single summative 

“determination,” which may either be (1) a unique determination, distinct from the categories of 

schools described in § 200.19, or (2) a determination that includes the two categories of schools 

that are required to be identified in § 200.19 (i.e., schools identified for comprehensive support 

and improvement and schools identified for targeted support and improvement) and those that 

are not identified. We have also made conforming edits throughout § 200.18 and other sections 

of the final regulations that reference school summative determinations. In addition, we have 

clarified that the summative determination must “meaningfully differentiate” between schools. 

Comments: We received a number of comments supporting the requirement in proposed § 

200.18(b)(4) for a State’s system of annual meaningful differentiation to result in a single rating, 

 

17 ESEA Flexibility refers to the set of waivers from certain provisions of the ESEA, as amended by the NCLB, that the 

Department offered to States from the 2011-2012 through 2015-2016 school years. Given the overdue reauthorization of the 

ESEA, as amended by the NCLB, President Obama announced in September 2011 that the Department would grant these waivers 

to qualified States--those adopting college- and career-ready expectations for all students; creating differentiated accountability 

systems that target the lowest-performing schools, schools with the largest achievement gaps, and other schools that are not 

meeting targets for at-risk students; and developing and implementing teacher and principal evaluation and support systems that 

take into account student growth, among multiple measures, and are used to help teachers and principals improve their practices. 

In total, 43 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico were awarded ESEA Flexibility. For more information, see: 

http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/esea-flexibility/index.html 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

100

from among at least three rating categories, to describe a school’s summative performance across 

indicators because it would increase transparency for parents and stakeholders by 

communicating complex data and information on school quality, across a number of metrics, 

through a single overall rating. These commenters generally expressed concerns that other 

approaches absent a summative rating, such as a data “dashboard,” would make it difficult for 

parents to understand the overall performance of their child’s school, particularly to determine 

how the results from the dashboard led to the school’s identification for comprehensive or 

targeted support and improvement. Other commenters noted that summative ratings are widely 

used in other sectors precisely because they communicate complex information succinctly and 

effectively in a manner that empowers stakeholders and guides decision-making; this view is 

consistent with that of another commenter who cited research that suggests parents prefer 

summative ratings like A-F grades.18

Many commenters noted that a summative rating and detailed indicator-level information 

in a “dashboard” are not mutually exclusive, and voiced support for a summative rating 

requirement that, as provided for in the proposed regulations, also requires performance on each 

indicator to be reported, so that parents and the public have information on overall school quality 

in the summative rating--which would drive identification of schools--alongside more detailed 

information breaking down performance on each indicator--which would drive continuous 

improvement. A number of commenters also cited the benefits of summative ratings for school 

improvement efforts, asserting that such ratings support meaningful differentiation of schools, 

promote successful interventions by helping direct resources to schools that are most in need of 

support, and, as suggested by research, motivate and are associated with successful efforts to 

improve and achieve a higher rating.

19

 

However, numerous other commenters suggested removing the requirement for a single 

rating, because they believe it undermines the value and transparency of an accountability system 

based on multiple measures--including the addition of new indicators under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA--by reducing school performance, and any subsequent improvement 

efforts, to a single label. The commenters asserted parents and educators alike would find data 

on individual indicators more useful and straightforward than a single rating, particularly when

designing improvement strategies targeted to a school’s needs. Other commenters suggested that 

requiring a summative rating for each school would result in one-size-fits-all accountability 

systems that discourage innovative accountability approaches, such as data “dashboards,” and 

demoralize educators by promoting punitive accountability systems that are focused on ranking 

schools against each other, which some linked with increased staff turnover. Many of these 

 

18 See: http://mclaughlinonline.com/pols/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/NATL-CSS-X-TABS-PRIMARY-4-18-14.pdf 

19 See, for example, Dee, Thomas S., & Jacob, B. (May 2011). “The impact of No Child Left Behind on student achievement.” 

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 30(3), 418-446; Carnoy, Martin, & Loeb, S. (2002). “Does external accountability 

affect student outcomes? A cross-state analysis.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 24(4), 305–31; Ahn, T., & Vigdor, 

J. L. (September 2014). “The impact of No Child Left Behind's accountability sanctions on school performance: Regression 

discontinuity evidence from North Carolina.” NBER Working Paper No. w20511; Hanushek, Eric A., & Raymond, M. E. (2005). 

“Does school accountability lead to improved student performance?” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 24(2), 297-

327; Winters, Marcus A. (2016). “Grading Schools Promotes Accountability and Improvement: Evidence from New York City, 

2013-2015.” Manhattan Institute; Burgess, Simon, Wilson, D., and Worth J. (2013); and “A natural experiment in school 

accountability: The impact of school performance information on pupil progress.” Journal of Public Economics, 106(C), 57-67.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

101

commenters associated a summative rating with a requirement to assign all schools an A-F letter 

grade or a single score, and noted their objections to such methodologies. One commenter 

requested the Department allow States to either award schools with a single, overall summative 

determination, or multiple determinations (i.e., one for each indicator), believing an approach 

that allowed for “determinations” instead of ratings would provide greater flexibility for States to 

choose how they communicate areas in need of improvement in a school.

Finally, a number of commenters believed the requirement for a single summative rating 

would create arbitrary, invalid, and unfair distinctions among schools or objected to such a 

requirement as inconsistent with research on school performance and improvement.20

Discussion: We appreciate the strong support from many commenters for the summative rating 

requirement we proposed as part of each State’s system of annual meaningful differentiation of 

schools. We also acknowledge the strong objections raised by many other commenters. 

However, we believe some of the concerns expressed by commenters may be rooted in 

misconceptions about the requirement, as proposed, which we have clarified in these final 

regulations, as previously described. 

We agree that the accountability requirements in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

move away from a one-size-fits-all approach by requiring multiple indicators of school success, 

beyond test scores and graduation rates, to play a factor in accountability decisions. However, 

we disagree that a summative determination will undermine these positive steps, diminish the 

ability of States to develop innovative models, and lead to a narrow focus on ranking schools--or 

on test scores or overall school grades--at the expense of other indicators. Under the regulations, 

States can design a number of approaches to produce an overall determination, based on all 

indicators, for each school--including an approach that utilizes data “dashboards,” A-F school 

grades, a two-dimensional matrix based on the accountability indicators, or other creative 

mechanisms to communicate differences in overall school quality to parents and the public. 

These approaches must also be developed through meaningful and timely stakeholder 

engagement, including parents and educators, as described in §§ 299.13 and 299.15.

Moreover, we believe the requirement for a summative determination is most consistent 

with research on what makes an effective accountability and improvement system. For example, 

in addition to research cited in the NPRM, additional studies have shown the positive benefits of 

providing schools with a summative determination on student academic achievement.

21

 

20 See, for example, Lipnevich, A. A., and Smith, J. K. (June 2008). “Response to assessment feedback: The effects of grades, 

praise, and source of information.” Princeton, NJ: ETS; National Research Council. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in 

Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011. doi:10.17226/12521; and the Oklahoma Center for Education 

Policy and the Center for Educational Research and Evaluation. (January 2013). “An Examination of the Oklahoma State 

Department of Education’s A-F Report Card.” 

21 See, for example, Winters, Marcus A. (2016). “Grading Schools Promotes Accountability and Improvement: Evidence from 

New York City, 2013-2015.” Manhattan Institute; Rockoff, Jonah and Turner, Lesley J. (2010). "Short-Run Impacts of 

Accountability on School Quality." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2(4): 119-47; Winters, M. A., and Cowen, J. 

M. (2012). Grading New York accountability and student proficiency in America’s largest school district. Educational Evaluation 

and Policy Analysis, 34(3), 313–327; Rouse, C.E., Hannaway, J., Goldhaber D., and Figlio D. (2013). "Feeling the Florida Heat? 

How Low-Performing Schools Respond to Voucher and Accountability Pressure." American Economic Journal: Economic 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

102

We agree with commenters that ensuring transparent, clear information on school quality 

for parents, educators, and the public is an essential purpose of accountability for schools under 

the ESEA, an opinion shared by those commenting in support of and opposition to the proposed 

requirement for summative ratings. Further, we agree that the increased number of required 

accountability indicators under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, provides a valuable 

opportunity for States to provide a more nuanced picture of school performance that includes 

both academic and non-academic factors. This is why our regulations would require both a 

summative determination and information on each indicator, which must be reported separately 

as described in the statute and in §§ 200.30 through 200.33 and which could be presented as part 

of a data “dashboard.” In this way, parents, educators, and the public have a wealth of schoollevel information, including information disaggregated by subgroups, at their disposal--

information that will be critical in supporting effective school improvement. Given that many 

commenters did not recognize that a data “dashboard” or other mechanism for indicator-level 

reporting and a summative determination were both a part of State systems of annual meaningful 

differentiation under § 200.18, we are revising the name of the section in the final regulations to 

provide greater clarity and reflect all of the components that are included. Section 200.18, 

“Annual Meaningful Differentiation of School Performance: Performance Levels, Data 

Dashboards, Summative Determinations, and Indicator Weighting” reflects our strong belief that 

requiring States to report information on each school’s performance on the indicators separately 

and report a comprehensive determination for each school is both effective and reasonably

necessary, consistent with the requirement for robust statewide accountability systems in the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to provide useful, comparable, and clear information to 

parents, teachers, and other stakeholders about how schools are performing. In addition, we are 

revising § 200.18(a)(4) to emphasize the importance of transparent information by clarifying that 

the purpose of the summative determination is to provide information on a school’s overall 

performance to parents and the public “in a clear and understandable manner.”

Changes: We have renamed Section 200.18 in the final regulations to clarify and recognize all 

of the components of annual meaningful differentiation--performance levels, data dashboards, 

summative determinations, and indicator weighting. We have also clarified § 200.18(a)(4) to 

require that the summative determination provide information “in a clear and understandable 

manner” on a school’s overall performance on annual report cards. 

Comments: Several commenters wrote in opposition to the requirement for a single summative 

rating, believing such a requirement unfairly penalizes schools based on the makeup of students 

in their communities, due to the correlation between student demographics and student 

achievement measures, with a few commenters specifically concerned such a rating would fail to 

address the unique needs and circumstances of rural schools. 

Discussion: We disagree that a requirement for a single summative determination, as revised in 

the final regulation, will unfairly differentiate schools based on the students they serve. We 

 

Policy, 5(2): 251-81; Figlio, David N. and Rouse, Cecilia Elena. (2006). “Do accountability and voucher threats improve lowperforming schools?” Journal of Public Economics, 90(1-2):239-255; and Chiang, Hanley. (2009). “How accountability pressure 

on failing schools affects student achievement.” Journal of Public Economics, 93(9-10):1045-1057.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

103

believe such criticisms may be rooted more in concerns with the accountability system required 

in the past under NCLB, which primarily considered student test scores and graduation rates, and 

that these concerns are significantly mitigated by changes in the accountability systems that will 

be implemented under the new law. Under § 200.18, States, in consultation with stakeholders, 

must develop a multi-indicator system for annually differentiating schools that looks beyond 

achievement measures to take into account a more well-rounded picture of school success. As a 

result, schools could be recognized for the significant progress they are making in helping lowachieving students grow academically to meet State standards, improvements in school climate 

or the percentage of English learners who progress toward language proficiency, and reductions 

in rates of chronic absence, among many other measures that could be added within one of the 

new accountability indicators. Because of the new discretion States have to rethink the measures 

they use to differentiate schools and create systems that represent their local goals and contexts, 

including the particular needs of rural communities, we are hopeful that States can avoid some of 

the pitfalls of their prior accountability systems and provide annual school determinations that 

are clearer and more meaningful to the parents and the public. 

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter believed that a summative rating requirement would inhibit

capacity at the local level to conduct the data analysis needed to design effective school 

improvement strategies that will meet a school’s specific needs, and suggested that we add to the 

regulations an option for States to submit in their State plans an alternative method (instead of a 

summative rating) for differentiating schools based on their performance, which would require 

approval from the Secretary based on a number of criteria. 

Discussion: Given the revisions described previously to § 200.18(a)(4), we believe it is 

unnecessary to provide an alternative method for States to differentiate schools--a State may use 

the required categories for identification enumerated in the statute as its summative

determinations, or adopt a host of other approaches to provide an overall picture of each school’s 

performance across all of the indicators. Because this overall determination must also be 

presented on report cards alongside indicator-specific information (e.g., in a data “dashboard”), 

we disagree with the commenter that a summative determination makes it more challenging for 

LEA and school staff to access and analyze the data necessary to drive effective school 

interventions. We strongly encourage schools to consider all data from its State accountability

system, in addition to local data, in designing school improvement plans, so that the plans reflect, 

to the fullest extent, the needs and strengths of each identified school. Further, we are regulating 

on the required needs assessment for schools identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement under § 200.21 to ensure that the school improvement process is data-driven and 

informed by each school’s context, relevant student demographic and performance data, and the 

reasons the school was identified, not just an overall determination. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters were concerned that aggregating performance, including 

performance of student subgroups, across each indicator into a single rating would make 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

104

information about how well a school was serving its subgroups of students more opaque and less 

consequential in the overall accountability system. 

Discussion: We agree with commenters that a requirement for a summative determination for 

each school could appear to deemphasize related statutory requirements to hold schools 

accountable for the performance of an individual subgroup. This concern is mitigated by the fact 

that summative determinations must reflect the performance of all students and subgroups in the 

school. Nevertheless, we are revising § 200.18(a)(6), as renumbered, to reinforce the importance 

of subgroup accountability, while retaining an overall summative determination. Further, we 

note that information on LEA and State report cards--including the overview section as described 

in §§ 200.30-200.31--must show student-level data related to each indicator, disaggregated by 

subgroup, which will help ensure that parents and the public have access to both an overall 

understanding of school performance, as well as detailed information broken down by subgroup. 

Changes: We have renumbered and revised § 200.18(a)(6) to reiterate that the system of annual 

meaningful differentiation must inform the State’s methodology for identifying schools for 

comprehensive and targeted support and improvement, including differentiation of schools with 

a consistently underperforming subgroup.

Comments: Two commenters suggested modifying the requirement in proposed § 200.18(b)(4) 

for each State to provide schools with a single rating, from among at least three rating categories, 

to require at least five rating categories. With only three categories, they attested, the lowest 

category would be reserved for schools in the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools, 

while the highest category would be limited to a handful of top performers--leaving the majority 

of schools in the middle tier and providing little differentiation. 

Discussion: While we appreciate the commenters’ concern that three summative categories 

could result in a system where many schools are grouped into a single category, we also 

recognize that the requirement for at least three summative categories of schools is most 

consistent with the statutory requirement to, based on all indicators, identify schools for 

comprehensive support and improvement, targeted support and improvement, or to not identify 

schools for either category. Further, we believe that a system with five categories of schools 

could also result in the majority of schools identified in a single category, depending on the 

State’s methodology. Ultimately, the external peer review of State plans will inform whether a 

State has established a system for meaningfully differentiating between schools in a manner 

consistent with the statutory and regulatory requirements. Moreover, we believe a number of 

methodologies and approaches can meet these requirements, and we want to ensure States have 

the ability to adopt a range of methods to provide summative determinations. Nothing in the 

regulations prevents a State from adopting additional categories of schools, particularly if they 

find that three categories are not providing sufficient differentiation, but we believe States should 

retain that discretion to go beyond the three required categories, working with stakeholders and 

other partners to meets their particular needs and goals.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters suggested removing the requirement in proposed § 200.18(b)(4) 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

105

for each LEA report card to describe a school’s summative performance as part of the 

description of the State’s system for annual meaningful differentiation on LEA report cards 

under §§ 200.31 and 200.32, preferring to give States the discretion to report a school’s 

summative rating publicly. 

Discussion: We believe the overall performance of a school is among the most critical and 

essential information to make readily available to parents and the public on LEA report cards, 

alongside data on individual measures and indicators. In particular, given the role of summative 

determinations in identification for support and improvement under § 200.19, parents and the 

public need to know a school’s determination in order to better understand why a school was, or 

was not, identified for intervention.

Changes: None.

Performance Levels on Indicators

Comments: Several commenters supported the requirement in § 200.18 for States to establish 

and report a performance level (from among at least three levels) for each school, for each 

indicator, as part of the State’s system of annual meaningful differentiation of schools, because 

such levels would provide necessary and complementary information to a school’s summative 

rating by recognizing areas of strengths and weakness, in addition to overall performance, and 

would support a more accurate and comprehensive picture of a school’s impact on learning in the 

context of multi-measure accountability systems. As a result, they believe the requirement helps 

improves trust in, and the transparency of, school determinations among parents and the public 

and informs more effective improvement strategies targeted to the specific needs of schools and 

their students.

A number of other commenters, however, objected to the proposed requirements for 

States to report the level of performance, from among at least three levels, for each indicator on 

LEA report cards and use the performance levels as the basis for a school’s summative rating. 

Some of these commenters opposed performance levels as a return to prescriptive and limiting

subgroup-based accountability formulas required by the NCLB. Other commenters raised 

methodological objections to performance levels on indicators, asserting that such an approach is 

inconsistent with research and does not yield valid or reliable accountability determinations, 

particularly by setting arbitrary cut points, where there is no meaningful difference between 

schools just above, and just below, those cut points.

Several commenters called for giving States more flexibility to design their own systems 

for differentiating performance on indicators. Some of these commenters believe this would 

result in a less complicated and more user-friendly accountability system, while one commenter 

noted that the same policy goals behind performance levels could be reached in other ways, such 

as comparing performance on each indicator to State averages or similar schools. Other

commenters asserted that the requirement for performance levels is inconsistent with the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, or that it violates the prohibition in section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, regarding the specific methodology used by States to 

meaningfully differentiate or identify schools--noting that the only performance levels required 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

106

under the statute are the academic achievement standards under section 1111(b)(1). 

Discussion: We appreciate the support from many commenters for the requirement for States to 

establish performance levels on each indicator as part of the system of annual meaningful 

differentiation. We agree that an overall determination for a school is most useful and effective 

when coupled with clear information, such as would be provided by State-determined 

performance levels, on the underlying data, which helps contribute to a better understanding of 

how that data led to the school’s final determination. We also believe that a clear set of 

performance levels provide the context parents and the public need to understand whether a 

school’s performance is adequate, or exemplary, context that otherwise may not be evident from 

comparisons to district and State averages on LEA report cards.

We note, however, that performance levels are not intended to create AYP-like thresholds 

for individual subgroups that definitively determine school identification, which some 

commenters viewed as undermining the validity and reliability of schools’ accountability 

designations in the past; rather, States must report school results on each indicator against the 

State-determined performance levels as part of their overall system of meaningful differentiation 

of schools on LEA report cards. We also note that States have discretion to develop their own 

criteria for performance levels, including norm-referenced approaches linked to State averages or 

performance quartiles--so long as the levels are consistent with attainment of the long-term goals 

and measurements of interim progress and clear and understandable, as demonstrated in its State 

plan. In addition, to help clarify the role of performance levels in providing schools with a 

summative determination and the distinction between this more flexible approach and AYP, we 

are revising § 200.18(a)(4) to indicate that the summative determination is “based on differing 

levels of performance on the indicators,” rather than on “each indicator.” 

In response to commenters who stated that the requirement to establish at least three 

levels of performance on all indicators exceeds the Department’s authority because it was not 

explicitly included in the statutory text, as previously discussed (see discussion of the 

Department’s legal authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues), given the Department’s 

rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, and that the requirement falls within the scope of section 1111(c) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e), it is not necessary for the statute to 

specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision. Further, the 

requirements in § 200.18(a)(2)-(3), as renumbered, for States to adopt and report on a school’s 

performance, from among at least three levels of performance, on each indicator are necessary to 

reasonably ensure that parents and the public receive comprehensive, understandable information 

on school performance on LEA report cards--information that can empower parents, lead to 

continuous improvement of schools, and guide decision-making at the local and State levels.

By increasing transparency, performance levels help reinforce the statutory purpose of 

title I: “to provide all children significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and highquality education, and to close educational achievement gaps.” Without such a requirement, 

publicly reported information on the accountability system would lack the comparative 

information needed to determine whether all children were receiving an equitable education and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

107

closing such gaps on a host of measures. This is because data presented on LEA report cards 

“must include a clear and concise description of the State’s accountability system” consistent 

with section 1111(h)(1)(C)(i) and 1111(h)(2)(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, yet is 

not (with the exception of academic assessments under section 1111(b)(2)) presented in any 

context, such as by reporting on the distribution of data at the State or LEA level compared to a 

school’s results. Thus, any contextual information for parents and the public from the 

accountability system regarding whether schools and LEAs are living up to this purpose would 

be missing, absent a performance level requirement.

Additionally, these requirements are not inconsistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) 

because they do not prescribe a particular methodology that a State must use to annually 

differentiate or identify schools. States will have discretion to determine how best to meet the 

requirement within the overall design of their system. For example, each State will need to 

decide what the performance levels should be for each indicator; whether the same performance 

levels should be used for each indicator; how many levels are appropriate; how the levels will be 

incorporated into the overall system, such as whether they will be part of the basis for identifying 

consistently underperforming subgroups; and the particular methodology it will use to determine 

a level for each school. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.18(a)(4) to require that a school’s summative determination be 

based on “differing levels of performance on the indicators” rather than on the school’s 

performance level on “each indicator.”

Comments: One commenter suggested that requiring indicator performance levels to inform the 

summative rating could mask the performance of low-performing subgroups in the context of an 

overall rating, as the performance levels would not necessarily be disaggregated for each 

subgroup in the school. The commenter believed the proposed requirements were insufficient to

ensure States comply with the statutory requirement under section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) for annual 

meaningful differentiation to include differentiation of consistently underperforming subgroups. 

Instead, the commenter suggested requiring a school with a consistently underperforming 

subgroup to receive a lower summative rating than it would have otherwise received if one of its 

subgroups of students was not consistently underperforming.

Discussion: We agree that the proposed regulations were not clear on the relationship between 

performance levels and subgroup accountability. Our intent was not to require a system of 

performance levels for each subgroup on each indicator, but to ensure that performance levels 

reflect a State’s long-term goals for all students and each subgroup of students. For example, if a 

State sets a goal of achieving a 90 percent four-year graduation rate for all students and each 

subgroup of students, a school with only 70 percent of English learners and Black students 

graduating in four years should not receive the highest performance level for that indicator. We 

recognize, however, that not all indicators have a corresponding long-term goal; this provision 

was only intended to apply to indicators for which there is a related long-term goal (i.e., 

academic achievement, graduation rates, and ELP), and we are revising the final regulations for 

clarity so that this requirement only includes indicators where an applicable long-term goal 

exists. Further, we are also revising § 200.18(a)(6), as renumbered, to reinforce the overall 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

108

importance of subgroup accountability by stating that the system for differentiation of schools 

must inform identification of consistently underperforming subgroups.

Finally, we also agree with the commenter that to ensure differentiation for consistently 

underperforming subgroups, as required by section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, it is helpful to require any school with a consistently underperforming subgroup of 

students to receive a lower summative determination than it would have otherwise received, and 

we are revising § 200.18(c)(3) accordingly.

Changes: We have renumbered and revised § 200.18(a)(2)-(3) to further clarify the relationship 

between subgroup performance and the performance levels on each indicator. Section 

200.18(a)(2) clarifies that the three performance levels on each indicator must be consistent with 

attainment of the long-term goals and measurements of interim progress, if applicable, because 

the State is only required to establish goals and measurements of interim progress for some 

indicators (i.e., Academic Achievement, Graduation Rate, and Progress in Achieving English 

Language Proficiency). In addition, we have renumbered and revised § 200.18(a)(6) to reiterate 

that the system of meaningful differentiation must inform the State’s methodology for 

identifying schools for comprehensive and targeted support and improvement, including 

differentiation of schools with a consistently underperforming subgroup of students.

Finally, we have renumbered and revised § 200.18(c)(3) to require that each State, in 

order to meet the requirements for annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18(a), 

demonstrate that any school with a consistently underperforming subgroup of students receives a 

lower summative determination than it otherwise would have received had no subgroups in the 

school been so identified. 

Comments: One commenter recommended revising the requirement for each State to establish at 

least three levels of school performance on each indicator under proposed § 200.18(b)(2) so that 

binary measures would be permitted, which could distinguish between schools that met or did 

not meet a certain threshold, providing additional flexibility for States. Another commenter 

suggested clarifying that continuous measures would be permissible to meet the requirement for 

setting performance levels on each indicator. For example, the commenter suggested that an 

indicator measured on a 0-100 scale could meet the requirement, without further aggregation, 

because it arguably results in 101 performance levels. This comment was consistent with others 

that supported the adoption of data “dashboards” as the primary basis for school accountability 

determinations, or the increased use of scale scores or raw performance data for accountability 

purposes.

Discussion: While it is important to understand whether a school is meeting a particular 

performance expectation, such information may be incorporated into a system that includes three 

levels of performance, while a binary measure would not support differentiation among aboveaverage, typical, and below-average performance. Given the statutory requirement for 

meaningful differentiation between schools, we believe requiring at least three performance 

levels on each indicator is necessary to meet this requirement. We also believe the requirement 

for three levels is not limiting on States, as nearly any binary measure can be expressed in three 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

109

or more levels (e.g., “approaching,” “meets,” and “exceeding”).

Similarly, the intent of the provision was to encourage State-determined performance 

levels that provide meaningful information on each indicator. Merely reporting that a school 

received 55 out of a possible score of 100 on an indicator, for example, does not include any 

context about whether a 55 is a typical score, or whether this is an area where the school is 

lagging or exceeding expectations. Thus, a continuous measure does not meet the requirement to 

establish at least three levels of performance for each indicator, as it would otherwise be no 

different than reporting raw data for each indicator; the performance levels must be “discrete.” 

We recognize that a data “dashboard” holds potential to be a useful tool for communicating 

information on school quality and may be used by a State to meet this requirement, as reflected 

in revised § 200.18(a)(3), so long as the data on the “dashboard” is presented in context by 

creating bands of performance or performance thresholds, so that parents and the public have 

clear information on whether a school’s level of performance is acceptable. The requirement for 

performance levels on each indicator does not prohibit the use of a data “dashboard” that shows

the full scale of values for an indicator; rather, it requires States to make distinctions between 

schools based on the data presented in the “dashboard,” such as by performance bands or

quartiles.

Changes: We have renumbered and revised § 200.18(a)(2)-(3) to clarify that a State must, as 

part of its system of annual meaningful differentiation, include at least three distinct and discrete 

performance levels on each indicator, as opposed to continuous measures or scale scores, and 

may use a data “dashboard” on its LEA report cards for this purpose. 

Comments: One commenter requested the Department require, for the Academic Achievement

indicator, that a State’s academic achievement standards under section 1111(b)(1) of the ESEA, 

include below proficient, proficient, and above proficient levels of performance.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s suggestions on ways to ensure that academic 

achievement standards are rigorous and set high expectations for all students. Although framed 

as a comment about performance levels, the commenter is actually requesting that the 

Department regulate on academic achievement standards, which require negotiated 

rulemaking. Consequently, the Department is not authorized to make the requested change 

through these final regulations.

Changes: None.

Weighting of Indicators

Comments: Numerous commenters were concerned that the proposed regulations 

overemphasized the role of student achievement, as measured by assessments in math and 

reading/language arts, in the system of annual meaningful differentiation of schools. Some of 

these commenters opposed the general requirements in proposed § 200.18(c)(1)-(2) to afford 

indicators of Academic Achievement, Academic Progress, Graduation Rates, and Progress in 

Achieving English Language Proficiency “substantial” weight, individually, and “much greater”

weight, in the aggregate, than indicators of School Quality or Student Success. A number of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

110

commenters, however, strongly supported proposed § 200.18(c)(1)-(2), recognizing that the 

language regarding “substantial” and “much greater” weight was taken from section 

1111(c)(4)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: We appreciate that consideration of a greater number of factors in measuring 

school quality can help shed light on important aspects of school performance. However, we 

agree with other commenters that the provisions in proposed § 200.18(c)(1)-(2) are based on the 

statutory requirements related to the weighting of indicators, which ensure that students’ 

academic outcomes and progress remain a central component of accountability.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters supported the provisions in proposed § 200.18(d) for how 

States demonstrate they meet the requirements for weighting of indicators and recommended 

maintaining them in the final regulation. These commenters variously stated that the 

requirements (1) provide helpful clarification on the vague statutory terms “much greater” and 

“substantial” weight; (2) erect necessary guardrails to ensure that student academic outcomes, 

including for low-performing subgroups, drive the differentiation of schools and identification 

for support and improvement within State-determined, multi-measure accountability systems; 

and (3) preserve State discretion over weighting of indicators in their accountability systems by 

focusing on outcomes, rather than particular weighting methodologies or percentages. While 

many of these commenters recognized, and often appreciated, the addition of new School 

Quality or Student Success indicators to add nuance to the accountability system, they strongly 

believed that student academic outcomes should have the greatest influence on differentiation 

and identification of schools for support and were concerned that, absent these regulations, 

accountability systems would undercut the importance of student learning. In addition, many 

commenters stated that the requirements strike an appropriate balance, noting that States could 

adopt a myriad number of approaches and methodologies for weighting their accountability 

indicators, based on their particular goals and needs.

Numerous commenters, however, objected to these requirements, stating that they would 

prevent new School Quality or Student Success indicators from having a meaningful impact in 

statewide accountability systems, including by affecting the differentiation of school 

performance, identification for support and improvement, or the school improvement process.

While they recognized that these indicators are not afforded “substantial” weight under the 

statute, they believed the proposed regulations would result in little or zero weight for these 

measures and an overemphasis on test-based measures. In addition, several commenters 

believed the requirements related to demonstrating the weighting of indicators discourage the 

collection of more nuanced accountability measures such as school climate or chronic 

absenteeism. Other commenters variously stated that the requirements for weighting would be 

best determined by stakeholders; result in more a complex and less transparent system for 

parents and the public; inhibit creative approaches to differentiating school performance and be 

overly prescriptive; inappropriately limit State flexibility in a manner that is inconsistent with the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA; or violate section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(IV)-(V) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which provides that nothing in the statute authorizes or permits the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

111

Secretary to prescribe the weight of any measure or indicator or the specific methodology used 

by States to meaningfully differentiate or identify schools. 

Discussion: We agree with commenters that it is vital to provide guardrails for State systems of 

annual meaningful differentiation that clarify and support effective implementation of the 

statutory requirements for certain indicators to receive “substantial” and “much greater” weight, 

and that these are ambiguous terms that warrant specification in regulation, given the influence 

of indicator weighting on how schools will be annually differentiated and identified for support 

and improvement. Section 1111(c)(4)(C)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires 

academic indicators to have a larger role in annually differentiating schools, relative to School 

Quality or Student Success indicators, which in turn influences school identification. Moreover, 

we share the views of commenters who believe it is important for student academic outcomes, 

including for subgroups, to be at the heart of the accountability system in order to safeguard 

educational equity and excellence for all students.

In response to commenters who argued that the requirements for these demonstrations

exceed the Department’s authority because they are not explicitly authorized by the statute, as 

previously discussed (see discussion of the Department’s general rulemaking authority under the 

heading Cross-Cutting Issues), it is not necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the 

Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision, given the Secretary’s rulemaking authority 

under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Further, 

the requirements in § 200.18(c), as renumbered, are within the scope of, and necessary to 

reasonably ensure compliance with, the requirements for the weighting of indicators set forth in 

section 1111(c)(4)(C)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and for differentiation of 

schools with consistently underperforming subgroups set forth in section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii), and 

therefore do not violate section 1111(e). If a school could receive the same overall

determination, regardless of whether one of its subgroups was consistently underperforming or 

not, a State’s system could not reasonably be deemed to “include differentiation of any... school 

in which any subgroup of students is consistently underperforming, as determined by the State, 

based on all indicators” as required by section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii). Similarly, if a school can go 

unidentified for support and improvement, despite the fact that this school would have been in 

the bottom five percent of title I schools based on substantially weighted indicators and despite 

not making significant progress for all students on substantially weighted indicators, the State’s 

system of meaningful differentiation is not providing those indicators “much greater” and 

“substantial” weight, as required by section 1111(c)(4)(C)(ii). In both cases, failing to meet the 

demonstrations in § 200.18(c) means that factors identified by the statute as requiring extra 

emphasis (i.e., substantially weighted indicators and consistently underperforming subgroups) 

received insufficient attention and did not result in “meaningful” differentiation.”

Additionally, the requirements in § 200.18(c), as renumbered, for States to demonstrate 

how they have weighted their indicators and ensured differentiation of consistently 

underperforming subgroups by examining the results of the system of annual differentiation and 

the schools that are identified for support and improvement are consistent with section 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(IV)-(V) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because they do not prescribe 

the weight of any indicator, nor a particular methodology that a State must use to annually 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

112

differentiate schools, such as an A-F grading system. There are numerous weighting schemes 

and processes for differentiating and identifying schools that could meet these requirements--

including percentages for each indicator, business rules or other mechanisms to ensure certain 

schools are identified or flagged for having a consistently underperforming subgroup or low 

performance on “substantial” indicators, or a matrix approach where a particular combination of 

performance across various indicators results in identification.

We agree with many commenters that an approach that focuses on outcomes (i.e., the 

overall determination for the school and the schools that are identified for support and 

improvement), is both appropriate and necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements in 

section 1111(c)(4)(C)(ii)-(iii) of the ESEA that emphasize certain academic indicators and the 

importance of differentiating schools with underperforming groups of students, while 

maintaining State discretion to develop its system of meaningful differentiation. Because these 

demonstrations can apply to any methodology a State designs, they provide the Department a 

way to verify a State has met critical statutory requirements for indicator weighting and 

differentiation of subgroups, without stifling the new flexibility States have to adopt innovative 

approaches to differentiate and identify schools for support, including those that use categorical 

labels instead of a numerical index.

We recognize and agree that the intention of the ESSA was to create State accountability 

systems based on multiple measures; however, we disagree with commenters that § 200.18(c) 

will result in a less transparent, overly complicated, and test-driven accountability system. 

Under both the NCLB and ESEA flexibility waivers, States often adopted business rules or other 

mechanisms to ensure school identification based on their accountability systems was aligned 

with definitions for categories of identified schools, and we are confident that similar approaches 

can be used to ensure compliance with the definitions and requirements in the ESSA. Further, 

section 1111(h)(1) of the ESEA and §§ 200.30-200.33 require annual State and LEA report cards 

to include a full description of the accountability system, including the weighting of indicators, 

to ensure parents have a clear understanding of how differentiation and identification work in 

their State. Under these regulations, States ultimately have the responsibility to design 

accountability systems that meet the statutory requirements for weighting of indicators and as a 

result, may develop systems for weighting that are either straightforward or more complex. We 

strongly encourage States to consider the value of clarity and transparency in developing their 

systems, and to develop them in close consultation with stakeholders who will be regularly using 

the information produced by the accountability system, including parents, educators, and districtlevel officials, among others. 

Finally, we note that School Quality or Student Success indicators must, and should, play 

a role in providing schools with annual determinations and identifying them for improvement

and clarify that the requirements in § 200.18(c) do not prohibit School Quality or Student 

Success indicators from being taken into account for these purposes. Each school’s overall 

determination under § 200.18(a)(4) must reflect all of the indicators the State uses, and we 

believe there are significant opportunities for States to develop new and meaningful indicators, 

as discussed further in response to comments on § 200.14. Because these demonstrations are 

simply meant to ensure that--regardless of a school’s summative determination--the substantially 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

113

weighted indicators receive sufficient emphasis in determining whether a school needs support 

and improvement, we believe the final regulations do not discourage the adoption of innovative 

approaches to measure school success or the collection of new indicators and that many methods 

(as previously described) can meet them. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Numerous commenters provided feedback on both ways that a State must 

demonstrate it meets the statutory provisions for weighting of indicators described in proposed § 

200.18(d)(1)-(2), which requires that an indicator of School Quality or Student Success may not 

be used to change the identity of a school that would otherwise be identified for interventions, 

unless such a school was also making significant progress on a substantially weighted indicator, 

for the same reasons they supported or opposed proposed § 200.18(d) generally, as described 

previously.

In addition, several commenters had specific concerns about these provisions, feeling that 

under proposed § 200.18(d)(1)-(2) a School Quality or Student Success indicator could only be 

used to penalize, rather than reward, schools in the State’s system of annual meaningful 

differentiation. In doing so, they believed the proposed regulations eliminated a valid rationale 

(i.e., performance on School Quality or Student Success indicators) for differentiating between 

schools and undermined the reliability and validity of school identification. A few of these 

commenters also raised objections that the proposed demonstrations potentially conflict with exit 

criteria in §§ 200.21 and 200.22 by requiring improvement on test-based measures. One 

commenter suggested that the proposed demonstrations in § 200.18(d)(1)-(2) were unnecessary, 

so long as States identified the required percentage of the lowest-performing schools for 

comprehensive support and improvement.

Discussion: We disagree with commenters that these demonstrations are unnecessary. While 

States are required to identify certain schools for targeted and comprehensive support and 

improvement, including at least the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools, the 

requirements for weighting indicators are a distinct requirement under section 1111(c)(4)(C)(ii) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that must be taken into account when identifying 

schools, in addition to any statutory requirements regarding the categories or definitions of 

identified schools.

We also disagree that the proposed regulations failed to account for the positive role that 

School Quality or Student Success indicators can play in a State’s accountability system or 

would lead to invalid determinations because these factors were not considered; we believe that 

some of these concerns may be ameliorated by further explanation and clarification of how the 

demonstrations will work. Under the proposed and final regulations, each school’s level of 

performance on all indicators must be reported and factored into the school’s summative 

determination under § 200.18(a)(2)-(4), including School Quality or Student Success indicators. 

Schools that do well on indicators of School Quality or Student Success should see those results 

reflected in both their performance level for that indicator (which may be part of a data 

“dashboard”), and in their overall determination (e.g., an overall numerical score or grade, a 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

114

categorical label like “priority” or “focus” schools, etc.). The separate requirements in § 

200.18(c)(1)-(2), as renumbered, are intended to help States demonstrate that their methods 

afford “much greater” weight to the academic indicators, in the aggregate, than to indicators of 

School Quality or Student Success not by focusing solely on school summative determinations, 

but by analyzing school identification for comprehensive and targeted support and improvement-

-this will serve as a check to ensure that, on the whole, each substantially weighted indicator is 

receiving appropriate emphasis in the State’s accountability system and that schools struggling 

on these measures receive the necessary supports.

These requirements are completely distinct from exit criteria, which are described in §§ 

200.21-200.22 and apply to schools that have been implementing comprehensive and targeted 

support and improvement plans. The demonstrations described in § 200.18(c)(1)-(2) happen 

earlier in the accountability process to help determine which schools should be identified and 

subsequently placed in support and improvement. In particular, a State would meet these

demonstrations for indicator weighting by flagging any unidentified school that met two 

conditions: (1) the school would have been identified if only substantially weighted indicators 

had been considered; and (2) the school did not show significant progress from the prior year, as 

determined by the State, on any substantially weighted indicator. While schools are expected, 

under §§ 200.21-200.22, to make progress in order to exit improvement status, the progress 

referenced in proposed § 200.18(d)(1)-(2) could avoid entry into improvement status altogether.

We believe that minor clarifications to proposed § 200.18(d)(1)-(2) can help clarify how these 

requirements are intended to be implemented.

Changes: We have renumbered and revised § 200.18(c)(1)-(2) to distinguish these requirements 

for demonstrating the weight of indicators from exit criteria that remove schools from identified 

status, as specified in §§ 200.21 and 200.22. We have also revised § 200.18(c)(1)-(2) to clarify 

that these demonstrations are intended to verify that schools that would hypothetically be 

identified on the basis of all indicators except School Quality or Student Success, but were 

excluded from identification when the State considered all indicators, have been appropriately 

categorized in a status other than comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support 

and improvement, because these schools made significant progress on the accountability 

indicators, including at least one that receives “substantial” weight.

Comments: Some commenters asked for additional guidance on what significant progress 

means, or for revisions to clarify that significant progress is determined by the State. One 

commenter further suggested that we strike the expectation for significant progress, and replace 

it with a demonstration of sufficient progress. 

Discussion: We agree with commenters that it is helpful to make clear that significant progress, 

in the context of the demonstrations for indicator weighting required under renumbered § 

200.18(c)(1)-(2), is defined by the State based on the school’s performance from the prior year, 

and are revising the final regulations accordingly. Given that States have this discretion to define 

significant progress in context of their unique indicators and goals, we believe additional 

examples or considerations for “significant progress” are best addressed in non-regulatory 

guidance. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

115

Changes: We have revised § 200.18(c)(1)-(2) to clarify that the meaning of significant progress 

from the prior year, as determined by the State, on a substantially weighted indicator as part of 

these demonstrations.

Comments: A few commenters asserted that the proposed regulations complicated the statutory 

requirements for “substantial” and “much greater” weight and recommended alternative 

approaches, such as requiring that School Quality or Student Success account for less than 50 

percent of all indicators in a statewide accountability system, or that each indicator be weighted 

equally at 25 percent (meaning that non-School Quality or Student Success indicators would 

make up 75 percent of the overall rating). Finally, some commenters recommended additional 

guidance on the weighting of indicators, including specific percentages that might be afforded to 

certain indicators consistent with statutory and regulatory requirements, as well as how to

demonstrate compliance with §§ 200.18(d)(1) and (2).

Discussion: We agree with commenters that further examples and discussion to clarify the 

requirements for weighting of indicators in § 200.18(c) would be helpful and should be 

addressed in any non-regulatory guidance the Department issues to support States in 

implementation of their accountability systems.

Because States retain the discretion to develop numerous methods for annual meaningful 

differentiation, including those that build on data “dashboards”, use a two-dimensional matrix, or 

rely on categorical labels rather than a numerical index, we believe it would be inappropriate to 

regulate that a particular percentage for each indicator, or set of indicators, would meet the 

statutory requirements to afford academic indicators “substantial” and “much greater” weight, as 

it could imply that only numerical indices were permitted. Although we are not including any 

percentages in the final regulations, we also note that we disagree with commenters suggesting 

that “much greater” weight for academic indicators could be as little as half of the overall weight

in the system of differentiation--"much greater” implies that these indicators should be afforded

well over 50 percent of the weight.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter stated that the required demonstrations for States related to 

weighting of indicators could create confusion for rural or small schools where data on the 

“substantial” (in particular, those based on student assessment results) indicators may not be 

available due to n-size limitations.

Discussion: We recognize the commenter’s concern that there are cases where a school may be 

missing a particular indicator for a number of reasons, which would complicate meeting the 

requirements in § 200.18(c). As discussed in greater detail below under the subheading Other 

Requirements in Annual Meaningful Differentiation of Schools, we are revising § 

200.18(d)(1)(iii) to include a provision previously in proposed regulations for consolidated State 

plans that permit a State to propose a different methodology for very small schools, among other 

special categories of schools, in annual meaningful differentiation, which would include how 

indicators are weighted.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

116

Changes: None.

Comments: Numerous commenters provided feedback to the Department on proposed § 

200.18(d)(3), which would require each State to demonstrate that a school performing at the 

State’s highest performance level on all indicators received a different summative rating than a 

school performing at the lowest performance level on any substantially weighted indicator, based 

on the performance of all students and each subgroup of students in a school, citing the same 

reasons they generally supported or opposed the requirements in proposed § 200.18(d) overall.

However, a number of commenters raised additional concerns that were specific to 

proposed § 200.18(d)(3). Several commenters felt the requirement would undermine the 

transparency of summative ratings, because a single low-performing subgroup could prevent a 

school from receiving the highest possible distinction in the State’s accountability system. They 

further noted that the proposed demonstrations felt like a return to the top-down and prescriptive 

system of AYP, which the ESSA eliminated in favor of greater flexibility for States with respect 

to the design of accountability systems and determinations. In addition, a few commenters 

suggested eliminating this provision, citing their overall objection to summative ratings.

Other commenters suggested replacing this demonstration with a requirement that would

emphasize differentiation of schools with consistently underperforming subgroups of students, 

believing that § 200.18(d)(3), as proposed, created incentives for States to establish a very small 

“highest” rating category (e.g., an A+ category of schools in an A-F system), so that schools 

could still receive a very high rating when one or two subgroups were struggling on a 

substantially weighted academic indicator. They recommended requiring a State to demonstrate

that any school with a consistently underperforming subgroup of students, as identified under §

200.19, would be assigned a lower summative rating than it would have otherwise received as a 

stronger way to ensure States’ systems of annual meaningful differentiation meet the statutory 

requirement to differentiate schools with consistently underperforming subgroups.

Discussion: We appreciate many commenters’ views on the importance of upholding the 

statutory requirements for the academic indicators to receive “substantial” weight individually, 

and “much greater” weight in the aggregate, in each State’s system of annual meaningful 

differentiation, and their recognition that this is particularly important to ensure subgroup 

performance is meaningfully recognized in the State’s accountability system. Moreover, the 

statute requires the Academic Achievement, Academic Progress, Graduation Rate, and Progress 

in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicators to have a “much greater” role in school 

differentiation, compared to School Quality or Student Success indicators, and we share the 

views of commenters who believe that student academic outcomes, including outcomes for 

subgroups, must be a primary focus of the accountability system as a way to promote equity and 

excellence for all students.

We agree with commenters that these ends, however, would be better realized by revising 

the proposed regulations to require that a school with a consistently underperforming subgroup 

of students receive a lower summative determination than it would have otherwise received if the 

subgroup were not consistently underperforming, given the commenters’ argument that the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

117

proposed regulations did not adequately include the statutory requirement differentiate schools 

with a consistently underperforming subgroup. We believe the suggestion of linking this 

demonstration to consistently underperforming subgroups of students better reinforces the 

requirement in section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, for a State’s 

system of annual meaningful differentiation to include differentiation of schools with a 

consistently underperforming subgroup; we agree that if a school is able to receive the same 

overall determination, regardless of whether a subgroup is underperforming, a State has not met 

this requirement. We also agree with the commenter that this approach will provide less of an 

incentive for States to create a very small “highest” category (an “A+” category), rather than 

remove schools from an exemplary category (an “A” grade) due to subgroup performance.

While we recognize commenters’ concerns that this demonstration, as proposed, would 

undermine the transparency of school determinations or would require States to develop an 

AYP-like accountability system, we believe that such concerns are outweighed by the statutory 

requirement that consistently underperforming subgroups must be meaningfully differentiated 

each year and be identified for targeted support and improvement--and believe that an 

accountability system is not communicating school performance clearly to the public if a 

consistently underperforming subgroup is not reflected in a school’s overall performance 

designation. Finally, in response to commenters that opposed this provision as proposed due to 

their opposition to summative ratings for schools, as the final regulation clarifies that the 

summative determination may be aligned to the categories required for school identification (in 

which case, schools with a consistently underperforming subgroup would be in targeted support 

and improvement), we believe the revisions to § 200.18(a)(4) address their concerns. 

Changes: We have renumbered and revised § 200.18(c)(3) to require that each State, in order to 

meet requirements for annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18(a) and section 

1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, demonstrate that any school with a 

consistently underperforming subgroup of students receives a lower summative determination 

than it otherwise would have received had no subgroups in the school been so identified. 

Comments: A few commenters suggested replacing all three of the demonstrations related to

indicator weighting with an alternative requirement that States demonstrate in their State plans 

how the academic indicators carry “much greater” weight than non-academic indicators, and 

how the State’s methodology to identify schools will ensure that schools with low performance 

on indicators receiving “much greater” weight will be identified for improvement as a result.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ recognition that a State’s system for weighting 

indicators should align with its methodology for identifying schools for comprehensive and 

targeted support and improvement. While we disagree that the demonstrations in § 200.18(c), as 

renumbered, are unnecessary (as previously described), we agree that schools performing poorly 

on substantially weighted indicators should be more likely to be identified for intervention, and 

the focus on the outcomes of the system of annual meaningful differentiation (rather than inputs) 

is consistent with our approach to the weighting requirements generally. To reiterate this focus 

on outcomes and ensure that, through its State plan, each State describes how it is meeting the 

underlying purpose of the requirements in § 200.18(c)(1)-(2) related to weighting, we are
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

118

revising § 200.18(d)(1)(ii) to specify that the overall goal behind the requirements for weighting 

indicators is to ensure that schools performing poorly across the indicators receiving “much 

greater” weight are more likely to be identified for support and improvement under § 200.19 and 

to include this explanation in the State plan with the State’s demonstration of how it is meeting 

the requirements of § 200.18(c). 

Changes: We have revised § 200.18(d)(1)(ii) to require that each State describe in its State plan 

how it has met all of the requirements of this section, including how the State’s methodology for 

identifying schools for comprehensive support and improvement and targeted support and 

improvement ensures that schools with low performance on substantially weighted indicators are 

more likely to be so identified.

Comments: Several commenters supported the clarification in proposed § 200.18(e)(2) that the 

indicators required by the statute to receive “substantial” weight (Academic Achievement, 

Graduation Rate, Academic Progress, and Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency) 

need not be afforded the same “substantial” weight in order to meet the requirement—promoting 

flexibility and discretion for States in designing their accountability systems under the ESSA and 

weighting indicators based on State-determined priorities and goals. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support for this provision.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters expressed support for the requirements in proposed §

200.18(c)(3) and (e)(3) that States maintain the same relative weighting between the 

accountability indicators for all schools within a grade span, including for schools that are not

held accountable for the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, as a way

to maintain consistency and fairness in States’ systems for differentiating schools. Other 

commenters, however, opposed the requirement. Some believed the requirement goes beyond 

the statute because the only requirements related to grade spans in section 1111(c) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, are related to indicators of School Quality or Student Success. Others 

thought the requirement was an overly prescriptive intrusion on State discretion over the 

weighting of indicators, as States will be in a better position to determine a method to maintain 

comparable and fair expectations for all schools. A few other commenters requested that we 

modify the relative weighting requirement so that States may vary the weighting between 

indicators not only by grade span, but also based on the characteristics of students served by the 

school or the amount of data available for a given indicator in a school; these commenters 

believed, for example, that school demographics could make one indicator more relevant than 

other indicators, and thus deserving of greater weighting, in measuring school performance. 

Similarly, commenters questioned how this provision would work in small schools and in 

schools that serve variant grade configurations. However, another commenter believed that all 

schools should be held accountable for the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency 

indicator, regardless of the number of English learners in the school, to ensure that States 

selecting higher n-sizes do not avoid accountability for ELP. 

Discussion: We appreciate that commenters want to ensure States have the ability to establish 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

119

multi-indicator accountability systems that are fair for all schools and accurately capture a 

school’s overall impact on student learning, consistent with the requirements for substantially 

weighing certain indicators, and agree that requiring the same relative weighting among all 

schools within a grade span should be maintained. 

We recognize that it is challenging to have a system of annual meaningful differentiation 

with completely uniform weighting, given differences in school size, grade configurations, and 

special populations of students served. Therefore, we are revising the regulations, as discussed 

previously, to permit States to propose alternative approaches that are used to accommodate 

special kinds of schools. However, very small schools or schools with variant grade 

configurations that do not fit into a single grade span are the exception, not the norm; we believe

it is paramount to ensure that schools are treated consistently in the system of annual meaningful 

differentiation given the consequential decisions (e.g., identification for comprehensive or 

targeted support and improvement, eligibility for school improvement funding) that flow out of 

this system. The statute requires a statewide, multi-indicator accountability system, and a nonuniform weighting scheme between those indicators across a State would undermine this 

requirement significantly. States retain significant flexibility to design the statewide weighting 

scheme between each grade span using their various indicators, but without uniform weighting 

within each grade span, the methodology for differentiating schools and identifying them for 

support and improvement could be unreliable from district to district, or worse, biased against 

particular schools or set lower expectations for certain schools, based on the population of 

students they serve. 

Thus, it is crucial that all of the accountability indicators be afforded the same relative 

weights across schools within a grade span to reasonably ensure compliance with the statutory 

requirements in section 1111(c) regarding a statewide system of annual meaningful 

differentiation and identification of schools for support and improvement, including the 

weighting of indicators in section 1111(c)(4)(c). As such, this regulation falls squarely within 

the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the 

ESEA and within the scope of section 1111(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

therefore does not violate section 1111(e). For example, allowing the Academic Achievement 

indicator to matter more for subgroups that are already high achieving, and less in schools where 

subgroups are low-performing, would be both inconsistent with the purpose of the accountability 

system to improve student achievement and school success, and introduce bias into the system of 

differentiation. In response to commenters who noted this provision was not explicitly 

referenced in the statutory text, given the Secretary’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the 

DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA (see discussion of the 

Department’s general rulemaking authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues), it is not 

necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory 

provision. 

In general, because the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator is 

the sole indicator that is measured for a single subgroup, we believe it is helpful to clarify that 

the relative weighting of indicators must be maintained when a school cannot be held 

accountable for this indicator due to serving a low number of English learners; as the n-size will 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

120

be determined by each State, and as some schools may not serve any English learners, we cannot 

require all schools to be held accountable on the basis of this indicator. Since the statute creates 

this distinction (by creating one of the five required indicators around a single subgroup), we 

believe it is appropriate to include a specific exception to the relative weighting requirement 

based on this indicator, but to limit other exceptions to the relative weighting requirement.

Changes: None. 

Comments: A few commenters suggested that the Department encourage each State to 

emphasize student growth or progress, over absolute achievement, when weighting its 

accountability indicators consistent with proposed § 200.18(c)(1)-(2), because they believe 

student growth more accurately reflects the impact of a school on student learning than a 

measure of achievement taken at a single point in time.

Discussion: We agree that student academic growth is a critical measure to include in State 

accountability systems, and encourage all States to incorporate both achievement and growth 

into the annual differentiation of schools, because a student growth measure can reveal and 

recognize schools with low achievement levels that nevertheless are making significant strides to 

close achievement gaps and thus should be celebrated, and may not need to be identified for 

improvement. However, we believe it is most consistent with the statute for each State, and not 

the Department, to determine whether using student growth is appropriate for its accountability 

system, and to select the weight afforded to student growth relative to other required indicators. 

Changes: None.

Other Requirements in Annual Meaningful Differentiation of Schools

Comments: Several commenters suggested that § 200.18 should include additional references to 

stakeholder engagement, including consultation with parents, district and school leaders, 

educators and other instructional support staff, and community members, in developing the 

system of annual meaningful differentiation. One commenter suggested such engagement be 

expanded to include the creation of parent and community advisory boards to develop and 

implement the system of differentiation used in their State and LEA, while another commenter 

suggested schools be held accountable for how well they involve parents in key decisions and 

improvement efforts. 

Discussion: The requirements for annual meaningful differentiation of schools in § 200.18 

already are subject to requirements for timely and meaningful consultation as part of the 

consolidated State plan regulations, and we believe additional emphasis on stakeholder 

engagement here is unnecessary. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters supported the reiteration of statutory requirements in 

proposed § 200.18(b)(1) for the system of annual meaningful differentiation to include the 

performance of all students and each subgroup of students on every required accountability 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

121

indicator, consistent with the requirements for inclusion of subgroups in § 200.16, for n-size in §

200.17, and for partial enrollment in § 200.20. Other commenters objected to these requirements 

as precluding certain indicators that could provide helpful information to differentiate between 

schools but could not be disaggregated for each student subgroup, such as teacher or parent 

surveys or whole-school program evaluations. 

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, is clear that each 

indicator used in statewide accountability systems must be disaggregated by subgroup, with the 

exception of the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, which is only 

measured for English learners. Further, section 1111(c)(4)(C) states that meaningful 

differentiation of schools must be based on all indicators for all students and for each subgroup 

of students. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters objected to the requirements in proposed § 200.18(b)(5) for the 

system of annual meaningful differentiation to meet requirements in § 200.15 to annually 

measure the achievement of at least 95 percent of all students and 95 percent of students in each 

subgroup on the required assessments in reading/language arts and mathematics. 

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires each State to 

measure the achievement of at least 95 percent of students and 95 percent of students in each 

subgroup and factor this participation requirement into the statewide accountability system, and 

this provision only reiterates regulatory requirements described further in § 200.15.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters requested additional flexibility or exceptions to the 

requirements for annual meaningful differentiation for certain categories of schools, such as rural 

schools, small schools, schools that combine grade spans (e.g., a K-12 schools), and alternative 

schools (e.g., schools serving overage or under-credited students, other dropout recovery 

programs, or students with disabilities who may need more time to graduate). These commenters 

generally acknowledged the need to hold such schools accountable for their performance, but 

sought flexibility to use different indicators or methods that they believe would be more suited to 

the unique needs and circumstances of these schools. One commenter noted that while proposed 

§ 299.17 would permit States to propose different methods for differentiating school 

performance in their consolidated State plans, it was not sufficiently clear whether this flexibility 

extended to school identification. Other commenters expressed concerns about creating 

loopholes in the accountability system for schools that serve vulnerable and historically 

underserved student populations. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ concerns with designing accountability systems that 

are inclusive of all schools and provide fair, consistent methods for reporting school performance 

and determining when additional interventions and supports are necessary. We share these 

goals, which is why proposed § 299.17 permitted States flexibility to develop or adopt alternative 

methodologies under their statewide accountability systems that address the unique needs and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

122

circumstances of many of the schools cited by commenters. 

This flexibility, which is similar to past practice under NCLB, is also intended to apply to 

both annual meaningful differentiation and identification of schools under §§ 200.18 and 200.19, 

and allows a State, if it desires, to propose an alternative way for producing an annual 

determination for these schools (based on the same, or modified, indicators) and for identifying 

these schools for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement. We are revising § 

200.18(d)(1)(iii) to include the list of schools for which a State may use a different methodology 

for accountability previously included in § 299.17, with additional clarification or examples to 

better explain why such schools might require this flexibility. We note, however, that this 

provision allows for this flexibility only where it is impossible or inappropriate to include all of 

the indicators a State typically uses to differentiate schools, and thus is not generally applicable 

to regular public schools, including most rural schools. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.18(d)(1)(iii) to include clarifying language, previously in 

proposed § 299.17, that a State may propose a different methodology for annual meaningful 

differentiation--and by extension, identification for comprehensive and targeted support and 

improvement--for certain schools, such as: (1) schools in which no grade level is tested on the 

assessments required by the ESEA under section 1111(b)(2)(B) (e.g., P-2 schools); (2) schools 

with variant grade configurations (e.g., K-12 schools); (3) small schools that do not meet the 

State’s n-size on any indicator even after averaging data across schools years or grades consistent 

with § 200.20; (4) schools that are designed to serve special populations, such as students 

receiving alternative programming in alternative educational settings; students living in local 

institutions for neglected or delinquent children, including juvenile justice facilities; students 

enrolled in State public schools for the deaf or blind; and recently arrived English learners 

enrolled in public schools for newcomer students; and (5) newly opened schools where multiple 

years of data are not available consistent with procedures for averaging school-level data 

described in § 200.20 for at least one indicator (e.g., a high school that has not yet graduated its 

first cohort for students). 

Comments: We received several comments from tribal organizations that recommended 

exempting schools from the requirement for annual meaningful differentiation in section 200.18 

if they instruct students primarily in a Native American language and if the State does not 

provide an assessment in that Native American language; these commenters suggested such 

schools should be listed as “undifferentiated.” However, other tribal organizations supported the 

proposed regulations for a single statewide accountability system, particularly because over 90 

percent of American Indian and Alaska Native students attend State-funded public schools, as 

opposed to schools funded by the BIE or private operators. For these public school students, one 

commenter noted, the statewide accountability systems, including indicators that measure student 

achievement, are especially important.

Another tribal organization raised concerns about a lack of accountability for schools 

served by the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) and requested that separate accountability 

measures should apply to tribally-controlled schools, and that schools located on Indian lands 

should be funded and monitored directly by the Department rather than by States. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

123

Discussion: While States have some flexibility to develop alternate methods for differentiating 

and identifying schools, as described previously, the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, continues 

to require that all public schools in each State be held accountable through a single statewide 

system of annual differentiation, and States may not exempt any school entirely from annual 

meaningful differentiation or identification. This includes schools that primarily instruct 

students in a Native American language. 

In addition, under section 8204(c)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, the 

Secretary of the Interior must use a negotiated rulemaking process to develop regulations 

pertaining to standards, assessments, and accountability, consistent with section 1111, for BIEfunded schools “on a national, regional, or tribal basis, as appropriate, taking into account the 

unique circumstances and needs of such schools and the students served by such schools.” 

Given the specific rulemaking process required for schools funded by the BIE, we cannot 

address in these regulations the role of individual schools under the BIE accountability system. 

We do note, however, that section 8204(c)(2) permits a tribal governing body or school board of 

a BIE-funded school to waive, in part or in whole, the requirements that BIE establishes and to 

submit a proposal to the Secretary of the Interior for alternative standards, assessments, and an 

accountability system, consistent with section 1111, that takes into account the unique 

circumstances and needs of the school or schools and students served. The Secretary of the 

Interior, along with the Secretary of Education, must approve those alternative standards, 

assessments, and accountability system unless the Secretary of Education determines that they do 

not meet the requirements of section 1111. 

With respect to the comment about the funding and monitoring of schools located on 

Indian lands, to the extent that the comment is referring to State-funded public schools, State 

funding and oversight are matters of State law and are outside the scope of these regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: Each State must describe in its State plan how its system of annual meaningful 

differentiation meets all statutory and regulatory requirements, but in proposed § 200.18, 

multiple paragraphs referenced information that must be included in the State plan. To provide 

additional clarity for States, prevent the inadvertent omission of required information in a State 

plan, and ensure that required information is transparent for those preparing and reviewing State 

plan submissions, we are revising § 200.18 to combine all requirements related to information 

submitted on annual meaningful differentiation in the State plan in a single paragraph.

Changes: We have revised § 200.18(d)(1), and renumbered remaining paragraphs of § 200.18 

accordingly, to include, in one paragraph, all information that each State must submit in its State 

Plan under section 1111 of the ESEA to describe how its system of annual meaningful 

differentiation meets the regulations.

Comments: While many commenters supported the provisions in § 200.18 regarding annual 

meaningful differentiation of schools, a few commenters recommended striking § 200.18 in its 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

124

entirety, out of concern that the regulations are too prescriptive, punitive, test-driven, and 

unnecessary to clarify the statute. 

Discussion: As discussed previously, the regulations are necessary and useful to clarify the 

requirements for annual meaningful differentiation and weighting of indicators. Further, we 

believe these regulations will help States in their efforts to support students and schools,

consistent with the purpose of title I: “to provide all children significant opportunity to receive a 

fair, equitable, and high-quality education, and to close educational achievement gaps.”

Changes: None.

Section 200.19 Identification of schools

Comments: One commenter stated that the proposed regulations lack clarity regarding the terms 

used for the various groups of schools that States must identify for school improvement. As an 

example, the commenter noted that schools identified for additional targeted support are 

referenced as having either a chronically low-performing subgroup or a low-performing 

subgroup. 

Discussion: The Department has made every effort to use consistent language throughout the 

regulations when referring to categories of identified schools. The examples cited by the 

commenter actually refer to two separate categories of schools. Schools with low-performing 

subgroups are schools identified for targeted support and improvement that also must receive 

additional targeted support under section 1111(d)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA; 

if they do not improve over time, then they are defined as chronically low-performing subgroup 

schools and must be identified for comprehensive support and improvement. For greater clarity 

regarding the types of schools that must be identified, the Department is revising the final 

regulations to include the chart below, which summarizes each category of schools that States 

must identify to meet the requirements in section 1111(c) and 1111(d) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA:

Category: Comprehensive Support and Improvement

Types of 

Schools

Description22 Statutory 

Provision23

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

LowestPerforming Lowest-performing five 

percent of schools in 

the State participating 

in Title I.

Section 

1111(c)(4)(D)

(i)(I)

§ 200.19(a)(1) At least once 

every three 

years

2018-2019

Low High 

School 

Any public high school 

in the State with a fourSection 1111(c)(4)(D)

§ 200.19(a)(2) At least once 

every three 

2018-2019

 

22 This chart provides a summary description only; please refer to the regulatory text for a complete description of 

the schools in these categories.

23 Section numbers refer to sections of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

125

Types of 

Schools

Description22 Statutory 

Provision23

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

Graduation 

Rate

year adjusted cohort 

graduation rate at or 

below 67 percent, or 

below a higher 

percentage selected by 

the State, over no more 

than three years.

(i)(II) years

Chronically 

LowPerforming 

Subgroup 

Any school 

participating in Title I 

that (a) was identified 

for targeted support and 

improvement because it 

had a subgroup of 

students performing at 

or below the 

performance of all 

students in the lowestperforming schools and 

(b) did not improve 

after implementing a 

targeted support and 

improvement plan over 

a State-determined 

number of years.

Section 

1111(c)(4)(D)

(i)(III), 

1111(d)(3)(A)

(i)(II)

§ 200.19(a)(3) At least once 

every three 

years

Statedetermined

Category: Targeted Support and Improvement 

Types of 

Schools

Description22 Statutory 

Provision23

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

Consistentl

y 

Underperfo

rming 

Subgroup

Any school with one or 

more consistently 

underperforming 

subgroups.

Section 

1111(c)(4)(C)

(iii), 

1111(d)(2)(A)

(i)

§ 

200.19(b)(1), 

(c)

Annually 2019-2020

LowPerforming 

Subgroup

Any school in which 

one or more subgroups 

of students is 

performing at or below 

the performance of all

students in the lowestperforming schools. 

These schools must 

receive additional 

targeted support under 

the law.

Section 

1111(d)(2)(D)

§ 

200.19(b)(2)

At least once 

every three 

years

2018-2019
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

126

Types of 

Schools

Description22 Statutory 

Provision23

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

If this type of school is 

a Title I school that 

does not improve after 

implementing a 

targeted support and 

improvement plan over 

a State-determined 

number of years, it 

becomes a school that 

has a chronically lowperforming subgroup 

and is identified for 

comprehensive support 

and improvement.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19 to include a table that describes each category of school 

support and improvement, including each type of school within the category, and lists the related 

statutory and regulatory provisions.

Comments: Several commenters expressed concerns that the proposed regulations would not 

allow States to identify schools for support if they are eligible for, but do not receive, title I 

funds. Commenters believe this is inconsistent with current practice and would result in the 

identification of fewer high schools because most school districts run out of title I funds before 

awarding funds to high schools. A few commenters suggested that the Department allow States 

to identify the lowest-performing five percent of title I-eligible schools, rather than the lowestperforming five percent of title I-receiving schools. One commenter raised concerns that if a 

State did not identify any high schools for support and improvement because they did not receive 

title I funds, then high schools would not be eligible for funds under section 1003. 

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ interest in ensuring that all low-performing high 

schools are identified and supported. However, under section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(I) of the ESEA,

as amended by the ESSA, a State is limited to identifying only schools that receive title I funds 

when it identifies its lowest-performing five percent of title I schools for comprehensive support

and improvement. On the other hand, States must identify any public high school with a 

graduation rate below 67 percent for comprehensive support and improvement and any school 

with subgroups that are consistently underperforming for targeted support and improvement, 

regardless of their title I status. Any school identified for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement that meets the definitions of those categories of schools under the statute is eligible 

for funds under section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, regardless of whether the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

127

school receives other title I funds. Given these statutory requirements for States to identify and 

support high schools that do not receive title I funds, we do not believe that additional regulatory 

flexibility is appropriate or necessary.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested the Department provide non-regulatory guidance on how 

title I funds can be used to support non-title I high schools identified for comprehensive support 

because they have a graduation rate less than 67 percent.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ suggestion and will consider this recommendation 

for non-regulatory guidance. As described in the previous discussion section, a school non-title I 

high school identified for comprehensive support because it has a graduation rate of 67 percent

or less is eligible for funds under section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter asked for clarity about whether a single school can be identified for 

comprehensive and targeted support and improvement simultaneously.

Discussion: It is possible that a school could meet the criteria to be identified for both 

comprehensive and targeted support and improvement. Given that the requirements for 

developing and implementing comprehensive and targeted support and improvement plans do 

not fully align, we are revising the regulations to clarify that States must identify any school that 

is not identified for comprehensive support and improvement under § 200.19(a), but that has a

consistently underperforming subgroup or low-performing subgroup, for targeted support and 

improvement. We encourage States and LEAs to ensure that, for each school that is identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement but who has a consistently underperforming or lowperforming subgroup, to ensure that the school’s comprehensive improvement and support plan 

identifies the needs of all students and includes interventions designed to raise the achievement 

of all low-performing students.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(b)(1)-(2) to clarify that any school identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement under § 200.19(a) need not also be identified for 

targeted support and improvement under § 200.19(b)(1) or (2).

Comments: One commenter suggested the Department eliminate any requirement to identify 

comprehensive support and improvement schools beyond those that are in the lowest-performing 

five percent of all title I schools in the State and any public high school in the State failing to 

graduate one-third or more of its students. The commenter also suggested that the Department 

eliminate the targeted support and improvement category.

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(D) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires that each 

State identify three types of schools for comprehensive support and improvement: those that are 

the lowest-performing five percent of all title I schools, all public high schools failing to graduate 

one third or more of their students, and all title I schools with low-performing subgroups that 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

128

were originally identified for targeted support and improvement but have not met the LEAdetermined exit criteria after a State-determined number of years. Additionally, section 

1111(d)(2)(A) requires States to identify schools with consistently underperforming subgroups 

for targeted support and improvement, and section 1111(d)(2)(C) requires identification of 

schools if a subgroup, on its own, is performing as poorly as students in the lowest-performing 

five percent of title I schools, i.e., a low-performing subgroup. Given these statutory 

requirements, the Department declines to make changes in this area.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the Department add a requirement that a school 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement must provide support through the Native 

American language of instruction to those students instructed primarily in a Native American 

language, and provide such support through the Native American language based in the structure 

and features of the language itself such that it does not limit the preservation or use of the Native 

American language.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s emphasis on ensuring that interventions in 

comprehensive support and improvement schools align with the unique characteristics and goals 

of schools that provide instruction primarily in a Native American language. We believe that, in 

general, the concerns of the commenter would be addressed through key components of the 

school improvement process, such as a needs assessment and consultation requirements, both of 

which could emphasize the need for instructional interventions to be delivered through the 

specific Native American language used in the school. We encourage States and districts to

work with such schools to address the required components of the school improvement process, 

while also maintaining the core aspects of the Native Language instructional program.

We note that it may not be necessary for some interventions developed and implemented 

as part of a school’s comprehensive or targeted support and improvement plan (e.g., an early 

warning system aimed at curbing chronic absenteeism) to be delivered in a Native American 

language. The specific suggestion that the supports be provided to students in a particular 

language is beyond the scope of these regulatory provisions, which address comprehensive 

support and improvement for a school in general (see examples in § 200.21(d)(3)), rather than to 

students individually. Therefore, we decline to make the use of Native American language a 

blanket requirement for such interventions.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department require States to identify schools for 

comprehensive support and improvement every year.

Discussion: While the statute and proposed regulations provide States with the flexibility to 

identify schools for comprehensive support and improvement each year, section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires States to identify schools no less than once 

every three years. The change requested by the commenter would not be consistent with this 

statutory flexibility.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

129

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters encouraged the Department to clarify that States may adopt or 

continue more rigorous systems for school and subgroup accountability than those required by 

the statute and regulations. For example, the commenters suggested clarifying that a State could 

identify all high schools with a single subgroup that has a graduation rate at or below 67 percent, 

rather than only schools where the all students group has a graduation rate at or below 67 

percent. Additionally, one commenter suggested that the Department clarify that States can 

identify more than the lowest performing five percent of title I schools. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ interest in clarifying that States have additional 

flexibility to design and implement accountability systems that go beyond the minimum 

requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and corresponding regulations. For 

purposes of identifying schools to meet the Federal requirements for school identification and to 

determine eligibility for Federal funds, including school improvement funds under section 1003 

of the ESEA, States must use the applicable statutory and regulatory definitions, and we believe

the regulations should reflect these minimum requirements. States may go beyond these 

minimum requirements by identifying additional categories of schools, such as Warning Schools 

or Reward Schools. Likewise, they may identify for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement additional schools that do not meet the definitions for those categories of schools, 

but any such additional schools would not be eligible to receive Federal funds--including school 

improvement funds under section 1003 of the ESEA--that are specifically for schools identified 

for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement, as defined in the statute. We believe 

that further clarification on this issue is more appropriate for non-regulatory guidance.

We recognize, however, that the language in the proposed regulations stating that a 

State’s identification of schools for comprehensive support and improvement must include “at a 

minimum” the three types of schools specified in the statute and regulations, and similar 

language regarding the two types of schools specified in the statute and regulations for targeted 

support and improvement, may have created some confusion as to whether a State has authority 

to identify additional types of schools for comprehensive and targeted support and improvement, 

and thereby to make such additional schools eligible for funds that are to be provided specifically 

to schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement. To clarify this 

issue, we are removing the words “at a minimum” from those paragraphs of the final regulations. 

Additionally, section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(I) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, is clear 

that State must identify “not less than” the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools for 

comprehensive support. To clarify that this permits a State to identify more than the lowestperforming five percent of title I schools (e.g., the bottom ten percent of title I schools or five 

percent of each of title I elementary, middle, and high schools), we have revised the regulatory 

language to include this statutory flexibility. 

Changes: We have removed the phrase “at a minimum” from § 200.19(a) and (b). We have also

revised § 200.19(a)(1) to include the phrase “not less than” in describing the lowest-performing 

schools identified for comprehensive support.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

130

Lowest-Performing Schools

Comments: One commenter expressed support for the requirement to identify the lowestperforming five percent of schools, but another commenter opposed the implication of the 

requirement that a State could never have a system in which all schools were successful.

Discussion: The regulation requiring identification of the lowest-performing schools implements

section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(I) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which requires that each 

State identify not less than its lowest-performing five percent of title I schools for comprehensive 

support and improvement.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters raised concerns that proposed § 200.19(a)(1) would require 

each State to identify the lowest-performing five percent of schools at each of the elementary, 

middle, and high school levels for comprehensive support and improvement. Other commenters 

found this requirement inconsistent with section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(I) of the ESEA, which requires

the identification of the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools in the State. One 

commenter specifically requested that States have flexibility to identify the lowest-performing 

schools across grade spans, while another commenter warned that such flexibility could result in 

not identifying any schools in a particular grade-level (if, for example, all of a State’s elementary 

schools were high-performing but most middle schools were performing poorly).

Discussion: We agree with the commenters that the proposed requirements may have created 

confusion with respect to whether States were required to identify the lowest-performing five 

percent of title I schools at each of the elementary, middle, and high school levels. This was not

our intent, and we are revising the final regulations to eliminate the reference to each grade span, 

although a State could choose to identify five percent of title I schools at each grade span. While 

we appreciate that a State could identify more schools in a particular grade span than another, we 

believe it is unlikely that a State would not identify any schools in a grade span and do not 

believe it is appropriate to require a State to identify schools in each grade span if it is otherwise 

identifying the lowest-performing five percent of all title I schools in the State. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(a)(1) to clarify that each State must identify the lowestperforming five percent of its title I schools, without reference to particular grade spans.

Comments: Commenters raised concerns about the proposed requirement that States identify the 

lowest-performing five percent of all title I schools in the State based on each school’s 

summative rating among all students. Some of these commenters opposed the requirement

because they generally oppose the requirement to provide each school with a summative rating 

and, as a result, oppose the requirement that it be used for school identification. Another 

commenter questioned whether summative ratings will be precise enough to separate a school at 

the fifth percentile from a slightly higher ranked school. Other commenters suggested specific 

approaches or flexibilities related to identifying the lowest-performing five percent of schools, 

such as using school academic proficiency rates, a combination of assessment data and other 

measures, such as parent and climate surveys and graduation rates, methods similar to those used 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

131

to identify priority schools under ESEA flexibility, or a combination of summative ratings and 

factors related to school capacity and district support. 

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(D) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires States to 

identify schools for comprehensive support and improvement based on the State’s system of 

annual meaningful differentiation, which includes multiple indicators beyond statewide 

assessment results. Moreover, as required under § 200.18(a)(4), a State’s system of meaningful 

differentiation must result in a summative determination that is based on a school’s performance 

on all indicators, but does not include other factors, such as district capacity or commitment. 

Therefore, a State cannot identify a school as among its lowest-performing schools for 

comprehensive support and improvement based on a single indicator, such as student 

performance on the statewide assessments, nor incorporate into such identification factors that 

are not indicators in its statewide accountability system. However, as noted previously, States 

have the ability to identify more than five percent of title I schools if the State determines such 

identification is appropriate and useful to ensure additional low-performing schools receive 

support. Further, as noted in the discussion on § 200.18, each State retains significant discretion 

to design its system of meaningful differentiation and may incorporate a wide range of academic 

and non-academic factors in the indicators that will be used for the providing a summative 

determination for each school and identification of the lowest-performing 5 percent of title I 

schools. We are also revising § 200.18(a)(4) to allow a State to use the summative 

determinations discussed in the statute (i.e., comprehensive support and improvement, targeted 

support and improvement, not identified for support) and are making corresponding changes to § 

200.19(a)(1) to incorporate this flexibility.

Changes: Consistent with the changes to § 200.18, we have revised § 200.19(a)(1) to require

States to identify at least the bottom five percent of title I schools consistent with the summative 

determinations provided under § 200.18(a)(4).

Comments: One commenter suggested that once summative ratings were used to identify the 

bottom five percent of title I schools, teachers from the top five percent of schools should be sent 

to the bottom five percent of title I schools to help them improve.

Discussion: Under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, school districts are responsible for 

determining appropriate interventions in schools identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: Under § 200.18 of the regulations, States must include the performance of all 

students in calculating a school’s performance on each of the accountability indicators under § 

200.14, as well as in calculating the school’s summative determination. Therefore, it is 

unnecessary to refer to “all students” in § 200.19(a)(1), which requires States to identify the 

lowest-performing five percent of title I schools for comprehensive support and improvement. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

132

Additionally, consistent with the existing regulations and practice across many States, §

200.20 allows a State to average school-level data across grades and across no more than three 

years in determining a school’s performance for accountability purposes. Therefore, the 

Department is removing references in § 200.19(a)(1) to averaging summative determinations 

over no more than three years because, although States may use data that have been averaged 

over up to three years to calculate performance on indicators consistent with § 200.20, the 

determinations themselves are not averaged. For clarity, we are also removing other references 

to data averaging throughout §200.19 because § 200.20 provides the full parameters under which 

States may average school-level data over school years and across grades.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(a)(1) to: (1) remove references to “all students,” and (2) 

remove references to averaging summative ratings (now summative determinations in the final 

regulations) over no more than three years. We have also removed a reference from data 

averaging in § 200.19(c)(2).

Low High School Graduation Rate 

Comments: Some commenters opposed the 67 percent graduation rate threshold for 

identification of high schools for comprehensive support and improvement, particularly if 

applied to dropout recovery high schools. Another commenter recommended identifying for 

comprehensive support and improvement the lowest 10 percent of high schools based on 

graduation rates, similar to the requirement that States identify the lowest-performing five 

percent of all title I schools. 

Discussion: The regulations are consistent with section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(II) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which requires States to identify all public high schools in the State that 

fail to graduate one-third or more of their students. Section 200.18(d)(1)(iii), which contains 

provisions that were included in proposed § 299.17, allows a State to use a differentiated 

accountability approach for schools that serve special populations, including dropout recovery 

high schools.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters supported the Department’s proposal to require States to

consider only the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate in identifying low graduation rate 

high schools for comprehensive support and improvement and to permit a State to set a threshold 

higher than 67 percent in identifying such schools. One commenter suggested that the 

Department clarify that the threshold for such determination was inclusive of schools with a 

graduation rate of 67 percent, rather than just schools with graduation rates below 67 percent,

and that this criterion applies to all public high schools in the State, not just those that receive 

funds under title I of the ESEA.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support for the exclusive use of the four-year 

adjusted cohort graduation rate in identifying low graduation rate high schools and agree that a 

school with a graduation rate of 67 percent must be identified, consistent with the statutory 

requirement that the State identify each public high school that fails to graduate one third or 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

133

more of its students; we are revising the regulations to clarify this point. However, we do not 

believe it is necessary to further clarify that States must identify all public low graduation rate 

high schools, not just schools receiving title I funds, for comprehensive support and 

improvement, given that the statute and regulations are clear on this point.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(a)(2) to specify that a high school with a four-year adjusted 

cohort graduation rate at or below 67 percent must be identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement.

Comments: Several commenters suggested that the regulations be modified to allow States to 

identify low graduation rate high schools based on the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate, 

an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate, or a combination of these rates. Similarly, one 

commenter suggested that a State be allowed to use an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation 

rate for this purpose, provided the State sets a higher graduation rate threshold (e.g., 70 percent) 

for identifying schools based on an extended-year rate.

Some commenters believe that an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate is a more 

appropriate measure because it would recognize the importance of serving students who may 

take longer than four years to graduate. Many of these commenters suggested that the use of the 

four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate only to identify schools is inconsistent with the 

inclusion, at the State’s discretion, of extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rates in the 

calculation of long-term goals, measurements of interim progress, and indicators under section 

1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(I)(bb)(BB) and 1111(c)(4)(B)(iii)(II) of the ESEA and proposed §§ 200.13-

200.14. Some of these commenters also stated that the statute’s silence on the rate to be used for 

purposes of identifying schools should be interpreted as providing States flexibility in this area.

Commenters were particularly concerned that identifying schools based solely on the 

four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate would discourage schools from serving over-age or 

under-credited youth who may take longer than four years to graduate, is inconsistent with many 

States’ provision of a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) until a student turns 21, and 

would inappropriately identify alternative schools such as dropout recovery schools, schools for 

students in neglected or delinquent facilities, and schools for recently arrived immigrants. One 

commenter stated the proposed regulations were inconsistent with title IV of the ESEA, which 

creates a priority for charter schools to serve students at risk of dropping out or who have 

dropped out of school (Section 4303(g)(2)(E) of the ESEA) and with the Workforce Innovation 

and Opportunity Act (WIOA), which encourages schools and States to reengage out of school 

youth and provide a high school diploma as a preferred credential for those aged 16 to 24. 

Another commenter recommended that the Department allow dropout recovery schools to collect 

and report one-year graduation rates in place of the four-year and extended-year adjusted cohort 

graduation rates because using even the extended-year rate would over-identify such schools.

A few commenters noted that the Department previously recognized the need for 

flexibility under its 2008 title I regulations by allowing States to use a four-year adjusted cohort 

rate and an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate in calculating AYP for high schools. 

Other commenters suggested that a more nuanced approach that allowed a State to use an 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

134

extended-year rate for certain alternative education programs would be appropriate. One 

commenter noted that, under the proposed regulations, nearly all of the alternative high schools 

in its State would be identified.

Discussion: We agree with commenters that it is vital for States, LEAs, and schools to serve 

students who have been traditionally underserved because of their age or lack of credits, and that 

programs and priorities like those in title IV of the ESEA and the WIOA are essential to support 

these students. However, we also seek to ensure that States identify and support high schools 

that fail to graduate one-third of their students, as required by section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(II) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. The four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate is the primary 

measure of graduation rates within the statewide accountability system, including the Graduation 

Rate indicator, long-term goals, and measurements of interim progress. Therefore, identifying 

low graduation rate high schools using the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate is critical to 

ensuring that when schools fail to graduate one-third of their students, they are identified and 

receive appropriate and meaningful supports so that each of their students can graduate. Indeed, 

using the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate is essential to helping ensure that low 

graduation rate high schools are identified and receive appropriate and meaningful supports, 

even if a State establishes a graduation rate threshold that is higher than 67 percent.

However, we recognize that for a small subset of schools that serve unique populations of 

students, an extended-year rate may be a more appropriate indicator of a school’s performance, 

and we have revised § 200.18(d)(1)(iii) to clarify that States have flexibility to develop and 

implement alternate accountability methods--which may include the use of extended-year 

graduation rates--for schools designed to serve special student populations, including alternative 

schools, dropout recovery programs, and schools for neglected and delinquent youth. Under this 

provision, a State could, for example, propose through its State plan to use a five- or six-year 

adjusted cohort graduation rate to determine if an alternative or dropout recovery school’s 

graduation rate was 67 percent or less for the purposes of identifying those schools.

Given this flexibility, the Department does not believe that requiring States to use the 

four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate will result in the inappropriate or over-identification of 

schools that primarily serve special populations of students. 

Further, in response to commenters who noted the statute’s silence on the particular rate 

to use for identification of low graduation rate high schools, given the Secretary’s 

rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA (see discussion of the Department’s general rulemaking authority 

under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues), it is not necessary for the statute to specifically 

authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision. Moreover, we do not 

agree that Congress’ silence on which graduation rate is to be used for purposes of 

identifying schools precludes the Department from clarifying the requirement. To the 

contrary, given the specific references to extended-year rates in the statutory provisions 

regarding goals, measurements of interim progress, and accountability indicators, it 

seems clear that if Congress intended to permit States to use an extended-year rate for 

purposes of identifying schools, it would have specified. Accordingly, we believe that 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

135

the clarification in § 200.19(a)(2) that identification of low graduation rate high schools is 

to be based on the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate falls squarely within the 

scope of section 1111(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 

1111(e) and is reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements in 

section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(II) and, as such, constitutes an appropriate exercise of the 

Department’s rulemaking authority.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters suggested that the Department allow States, in identifying low 

graduation rate high schools, to use a non-cohort graduation rate or to include students who 

attain an alternate diploma in determining if a school’s graduation rate was 67 percent or less. 

Another commenter requested that the Department allow States to include students who have 

met all the terms of their IEPs as graduates.

Discussion: While we understand the commenters’ interest in recognizing the support schools 

provide to all students, regardless of whether those students receive a regular high school 

diploma, sections 8101(23)(A)(ii) and 8101(25)(A)(ii) of the ESEA and related regulations in §

200.34 already explicitly allow States to include students with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities who take an alternate assessment based on alternative academic achievement 

standards, meet certain other criteria, and receive an alternate diploma, in the State’s adjusted 

cohort graduation rate or rates. The statute expressly prohibits States from including students 

that earn a high school equivalency diploma or other alternate diploma in the State’s adjusted 

cohort graduation rate or rates. Therefore, we decline to allow States to use measures other than

the four-year or extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rates, calculated consistently with the 

statutory and regulatory requirements, to identify high schools for the purposes of 

comprehensive support and improvement. 

Changes: None.

Chronically Low-Performing Subgroup

Comments: Some commenters asserted that the Department created a third category of 

comprehensive support schools, those with chronically low-performing subgroups, that was not 

in the statute. One commenter proposed making it clear that it was up to States to include this 

category of schools through the development of a State plan. Another commenter noted the 

statute uses the term consistently underperforming subgroup, but does not refer to chronically 

low-performing subgroups.

One commenter suggested that the Department reconsider its definition of chronically 

low-performing subgroup schools and move this definition into non-regulatory guidance. The 

commenter is concerned that this requirement, in conjunction with other provisions in this 

section, will result in very high rates of identification of schools for comprehensive support and 

improvement.

Discussion: The chart at the beginning of this section provides a reference guide on the types of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

136

schools that must be identified for comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support 

and improvement under the law. With respect to “chronically low-performing subgroups,” that 

term is not specifically used in the statute but is the term we are using in the regulations to 

identify a category of schools described in two sections of the ESEA. Section 1111(d)(2)(C) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires each State to identify schools with low-performing 

subgroups (i.e., those with subgroups who, on their own, are performing as poorly as the lowestperforming five percent of all title I schools) for targeted support and improvement and these 

schools also must receive additional targeted support. Section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(III) then states 

that if these schools do not improve after implementing a targeted support and improvement plan 

over a number of years, they must be identified for comprehensive support and improvement. 

When these schools are first identified for targeted support and improvement, they are referred to 

in the regulations as schools with “low-performing subgroups”; however, if they do not improve 

over a State-determined number of years, they must be identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement. The Department is referring to these schools as schools with “chronically lowperforming subgroups” for the sake of clarity because the statute does not provide a specific term

for them and a term is needed to clarify for States their statutory obligations with respect to these 

schools.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters opposed the proposed requirement that States identify for 

comprehensive support and improvement any title I school with a low-performing subgroup that 

has not improved after implementing a targeted support and improvement plan over no more 

than three years. In particular, commenters believed that the proposed requirement would force 

States to set a three-year timeline for the exit criteria for a school with a low-performing 

subgroup and would likely result in the over-identification of schools with chronically lowperforming subgroups. The commenters referred to section 1111(d)(3)(A)(i)(II) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which requires States to set exit criteria for schools with low-performing 

subgroups and to determine the number of years by which, if such a school is a title I school that 

has not met the exit criteria, it must be identified for comprehensive support and improvement. 

One commenter suggested, in addition to modifying the regulations to reflect that the State 

determine the number of years before a school with a low performing subgroup be identified for 

comprehensive support, that States publish a list, at least once every three years, of the schools 

with low-performing subgroups that are identified for targeted support and improvement that 

also must receive additional targeted support because they have one or more low-performing 

subgroups that are still identified as such because they have not yet met the State’s exit criteria. 

Another commenter stated that three years was too long to permit a school to languish as a 

school receiving additional targeted support before it is identified for comprehensive support,

and would result in students in such schools not receiving timely support.

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(III) requires States to identify schools with chronically 

low-performing subgroups for comprehensive support and improvement at least once every three 

years. Section 1111(d)(3)(A)(i)(II) authorizes States to establish statewide exit criteria for such 

schools. Under this same section, if those criteria are not satisfied in a State-determined number 

of years, those schools that receive title I funds must be identified for comprehensive support and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

137

improvement. The final regulations reflect these statutory requirements. Within these 

requirements, States still have discretion regarding the timelines and exit criteria. Thus, we

encourage each State to carefully consider the various timelines for school identification it must 

implement to meet its statutory and regulatory obligations. Finally, we do not believe that an 

additional reporting requirement is necessary as States and LEAs must annually publish State 

and local report cards that include information about schools identified for support and 

improvement, including those with low-performing or chronically low-performing subgroups.

Changes: The Department has revised § 200.19(a)(3) to clarify that States determine the number 

of years over which a school with a low-performing subgroup identified for targeted support

under § 200.19(b)(2) may implement a targeted support plan before the State must determine that

the school has not met the State’s exit criteria and, if it receives title I funds, identify the school

for comprehensive support and improvement. We have made a corresponding change to § 

200.22(f)(2).

Comments: One commenter opposed the requirement that a school be identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement if a single subgroup’s low performance would lead to 

such identification. In particular, the commenter was concerned that requiring a school with a 

single low-performing subgroup to be identified for comprehensive support and improvement 

would dilute State support services and funding, diminishing support for schools with greater 

needs. 

Discussion: The identification of schools with chronically low-performing subgroups for 

comprehensive support and improvement if they do not improve after implementing a targeted 

support and improvement plan over a State-determined number of years is required by section 

1111(c)(4)(D)(i)(III) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and reflects the key focus of title I

on closing educational achievement gaps. 

Changes: None.

Targeted Support and Improvement, in General

Comments: One commenter suggested that the Department amend proposed § 200.19(b) to 

encourage States to consider third-grade reading scores as one measure that can trigger the need 

for targeted support.

Discussion: The Department recognizes that there are a wide range of measures that States may 

choose to incorporate into their systems of annual meaningful differentiation of schools, 

including for purposes of identifying schools for targeted support and improvement, but we 

believe the inclusion of any additional measures should be left to State discretion.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters recommended that the Department remove proposed §

200.19(b) and allow States to determine the parameters for identifying schools for targeted 

support and improvement. Some of these commenters argued that the proposed regulations
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

138

would result in the identification of more schools than required by the statute. One commenter 

was concerned that the number of schools identified within this category would overwhelm State 

title I staff that support school improvement, leading to inadequate support for such schools. 

Another commenter noted that the law requires identification of the lowest-performing five 

percent of title I schools, but failed to recognize the law also requires identifying schools for 

targeted support, and said that the proposed regulations require school identification based on 

subgroup status, which would result in States exceeding what the commenter believed to be a

statutory limit of five percent. One commenter asserted that proposed § 200.19(b) violated 

section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the ESEA because it specifies requirements for differentiating 

schools for targeted support and improvement. 

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) and section 1111(d)(2)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, require a State to use its method for annual meaningful differentiation, based on all 

indicators, to identify any public school in which one or more subgroups of students is 

consistently underperforming, so that the LEA for the school can ensure that the school develops 

a targeted support and improvement plan. Section 1111(d)(2)(D) further requires that, if a 

subgroup of students in a school, on its own, has performed as poorly as all students in the 

lowest-performing five percent of title I schools that have been identified for comprehensive 

support and improvement, the school must be identified for targeted support and improvement 

and implement additional targeted supports, as described in section 1111(d)(2)(C). Given these 

explicit statutory requirements regarding the schools that must be identified for targeted support 

and improvement, which are incorporated into § 200.19(b), we disagree with commenters who 

asserted that the requirements in this regulatory provision are not explicitly authorized by the

statute. Further, we disagree with comments asserting that § 200.19(b) is inconsistent with 

section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the ESEA; § 200.19(b) does not prescribe a specific 

methodology to meaningfully differentiate or identify schools. Rather, it simply clarifies the two 

types of schools that the statute requires to be identified for targeted support and improvement.

States retain flexibility to determine precisely how they will identify these schools. For example, 

States have discretion to determine how they will identify schools with subgroups that are 

performing as poorly as schools that are in the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools. 

Although we appreciate the commenters’ concerns about the limited capacity of States and LEAs

to support all identified schools, because the requirements regarding which schools to identify 

for targeted support and improvement are statutory (section 1111(d)(2)(A) and (D) of the ESEA), 

we decline to make the suggested changes. However, we recognize that language in § 

200.19(b)(1) allowing States to identify, at the State’s discretion, schools that miss the 95 percent

participation rate requirement for all students or a subgroup of students, within the category of 

schools with consistently underperforming subgroups identified for targeted support, conflated a 

statutory requirement and regulatory flexibility. While, under §200.15(b)(2)(iii), States retain 

the option to identify such schools for targeted support and to require these schools to implement 

the requirements under § 200.22, we are removing the reference to these schools in 

§200.19(b)(1) because schools with low participation rates may not necessarily meet the State’s 

definition of consistently underperforming subgroups. 

Changes: We have removed language in § 200.19(b)(1) that referred to schools identified under 

§ 200.15(b)(2)(iii).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

139

Low-Performing Subgroup

Comments: One commenter was concerned that the requirement to identify schools with 

subgroups performing as poorly as the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools would 

require States to generate summative ratings for individual subgroups of students. The 

commenter noted that under ESEA flexibility, the commenter’s State identified the lowestachieving five percent of schools solely on the basis of academic proficiency rates of the all 

students group. Another commenter noted that the statute refers to subgroups performing as low 

as the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools, but does not require that States look at 

the results for the all students group or use a summative rating in identifying schools.

Discussion: We understand the commenters’ concern that a State may need to undertake 

additional analysis at the subgroup level to identify when an individual subgroup is performing 

as poorly as students in the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools. The statute requires

that States identify schools based on its system of annual meaningful differentiation which relies

on multiple measures; therefore, an approach that only considered academic proficiency rates 

would be inconsistent with the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We generally agree with the 

commenters that States may take different approaches to identify a school with at least one 

subgroup that is as low performing as the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools, but

section 1111(d)(2)(C) requires that a State identify schools with low-performing subgroups 

based on the same methodology it uses to identify the lowest-performing five percent of title I 

schools. We are revising the regulations to clarify that States must use the same approach to 

identify schools with low-performing subgroups as they do to identify the lowest-performing five 

percent of all title I schools.

The regulations do not require reporting of subgroup-specific summative determinations. 

However, they do require a consistent approach in order to ensure that States are meeting the 

requirement in section 1111(d)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to identify each 

school with an individual subgroup whose performance on its own would result in the school’s

identification in the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(b)(2) to remove the requirement that a State compare each 

subgroup’s performance to the summative rating (now summative determination in the final 

regulations) of all students in the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools in order to 

identify schools with low-performing subgroups. Instead, States must use the same methodology 

they use to identify the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools under § 200.19(a)(1) to 

identify schools with low-performing subgroups.

Comments: One commenter stated that the proposed regulations helped clarify the statutory 

requirements around identifying schools for targeted support and improvement and additional 

targeted support, but encouraged the Department to provide States with additional flexibility in 

identifying such schools. A few commenters objected to the Department’s proposed definition 

of low-performing subgroups. They said the proposed definition ignores statutory provisions 

that limit this group of schools to a subset of those identified for targeted support and 

improvement because they also include consistently underperforming subgroups. Other 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

140

commenters suggested that the requirement to separately identify schools for targeted support 

and improvement and additional targeted support is inconsistent with the statute. Some 

commenters believed that the statute does not contain the requirement for two separate sets of 

schools, and that the proposed requirements require separate identification on separate timelines, 

adding significant complexity to accountability systems.

Discussion: Section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires each 

State to annually identify schools with consistently underperforming subgroups for targeted 

support and improvement. Separately, section 1111(d)(2)(C) requires each State to identify for 

targeted support and improvement schools with any subgroup of students that, on its own, would 

have resulted in a school’s identification as one of the lowest-performing five percent of title I 

schools in the State that are identified for comprehensive support and improvement. These 

schools must receive additional targeted support under the law and are described as schools with 

low-performing subgroups in the regulations. We, therefore, believe that these requirements are 

wholly consistent with the identification requirements and methodologies specified in the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter expressed concern that the proposed requirements for identifying 

schools with low-performing subgroups that receive targeted support and improvement, as well 

as additional targeted support, might not be appropriate for high schools, because most high 

schools do not receive title I funds and, therefore, the lowest-performing five percent of title I 

schools may not contain any high schools. The commenter recommended that, for the purpose 

of identifying schools with low-performing subgroups at the high school level, States be 

permitted to measure subgroup performance against the lowest-performing five percent of all 

high schools or high-poverty high schools, rather than comparing performance only to those high 

schools identified in the lowest-performing five percent of schools that receive title I funds.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s concern that there may be few high schools 

identified within a State’s lowest-performing five percent of title I schools, but section 

1111(d)(2)(C) expressly requires that a State identify for targeted support and improvement any 

school with a subgroup that, on its own, would have resulted in the school’s identification as a 

school in the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools. For this reason, the Department 

declines to make the suggested change.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter was unclear about whether, in identifying schools with lowperforming subgroups, the State should be comparing a subgroup’s performance to the 

performance of the all students group on individual accountability indicators, or on the indicators 

collectively. The commenter suggested the Department clarify the requirements for school 

identification broadly, but particularly in this area.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s request for clarification. We are revising § 

200.19(b)(2) to specify that schools with low-performing subgroups must be identified using all 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

141

indicators and the same methodology the State uses to identify its lowest-performing five percent 

of title I schools. We will consider providing further clarification in non-regulatory guidance to 

support States in identifying each group of schools, consistent with applicable statutory and 

regulatory requirements.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(b)(2) to clarify that schools with low-performing subgroups 

are identified by applying the State’s methodology for identifying its lowest-performing schools 

to individual subgroups.

Comments: Several commenters expressed concern that the lack of a cap on the number of 

schools that could be identified as having low-performing subgroups that receive targeted 

support and improvement, as well as additional targeted support, may result in exceeding a 

State’s capacity to support effective school improvement or hindering efforts to create robust 

statewide systems of support that are tailored to local needs and goals. Some commenters 

suggested capping the number of schools that could be identified for targeted support and 

improvement at five to ten percent of title I schools.

Discussion: Under the regulations, as under the statute, States have flexibility to design their

systems for annual meaningful differentiation in a way that takes into account the requirement to 

address the needs of low-performing subgroups as well as State capacity to support meaningful 

and effective school improvement. Given that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires 

identification of all schools that fall within the various identification categories, we do not 

believe that providing a cap on the number or percentage of schools that are identified for 

targeted support and improvement, as well as additional targeted support, would be consistent 

with the statute. 

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter expressed concern that setting a threshold at the lowest-performing

five percent of title I schools to identify schools with low-performing subgroups for targeted 

support and improvement that also receive additional targeted support could be detrimental to 

students with disabilities because it might not require a generally high-performing school to 

address the needs of a particular subgroup until its performance dropped to the level of the 

lowest-performing five percent of title I schools. 

Discussion: We believe that the concerns of the commenter are addressed in significant part by

the requirements that States identify any schools with a consistently underperforming subgroup

and schools with a low-performing subgroup for targeted support and improvement. This 

requirement will help ensure that any school in which the students with disabilities subgroup is 

underperforming receives support even if the subgroup is not performing as poorly as the lowestperforming five percent of title I schools.

Changes: None.

Methodology to Identify Consistently Underperforming Subgroups 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

142

Comments: Many commenters supported proposed § 200.19(c)(1), which requires States to

consider each subgroup’s performance over no more than two years in identifying schools with 

consistently underperforming subgroups for targeted support and improvement, because the 

regulation would ensure prompt recognition of underperforming subgroups so that students in 

those subgroups receive timely and appropriate supports to improve student outcomes, 

particularly because many of these subgroups have been historically underserved. However, 

many commenters opposed two years as an arbitrary timeline for identifying consistently 

underperforming subgroups. Others stated that the Department was exceeding its legal authority, 

with some of these commenters pointing specifically to section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which provides that nothing in the ESEA authorizes or permits 

the Department to prescribe the specific methodology used by States to meaningfully 

differentiate or identify schools under title I, part A. Some of these commenters noted that 

identifying schools with a single subgroup underperforming for only two years would result in 

the over-identification of schools, replicate the identification of schools under NCLB, and 

overstretch the capacity of States and districts to support identified schools. One commenter also 

noted that using just two years of data could increase the likelihood of misidentification because 

the State would not be able to ensure that the data used was valid and reliable. These 

commenters generally suggested that the Department remove all specific timeline considerations 

from the requirements. 

As an alternative, one commenter suggested that a State be permitted to identify schools 

based on whether an individual subgroup had been low-performing on the majority of current 

year indicators or demonstrated low levels of performance on the same indicator over three 

years, consistent with the flexibility for States to average a school’s data over three years under 

proposed § 200.20. One other commenter suggested requiring a State to consider at least three 

years of data in identifying schools with consistently underperforming subgroups, while another

suggested allowing a State to determine its own timeline of no more than four years, consistent 

with other requirements to identify schools and evaluate a school’s performance on relevant exit 

criteria after no more than four years. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates support from commenters who agreed that identifying 

schools with consistently underperforming subgroups based on two years of data is essential to 

ensuring prompt recognition of, and support for, such subgroups of students. We believe that 

this benefit, which is consistent with the focus of title I on closing achievement gaps, outweighs 

the risk of over-identifying schools, particularly because a longer timeline could permit entire 

cohorts of low-performing students to exit a school before the school is identified for targeted 

support and improvement. However, we appreciate that a State may, due to the specific design 

of the State’s accountability system, require flexibility in order to consider the performance of 

subgroups of students over more than two years. We, therefore, have revised the regulations to 

permit a State to consider student performance over more than two years, in certain 

circumstances. Specifically, to ensure that students in subgroups that are underperforming in 

schools that have not yet been identified for targeted support and improvement will receive 

support and that a State will meet the requirement in section 1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(III) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, we are revising § 200.19(c)(1) to require that a State that proposes to 

use a longer timeframe demonstrate how the longer timeframe will better support low-
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

143

performing subgroups of students to make significant progress in achieving long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress, in order to close statewide proficiency and graduation rate 

gaps. In response to commenters who believe that provisions in § 200.19(c)(1) were not 

explicitly authorized in the statutory text, these regulations are being issued in accordance with 

the Secretary’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, and need not be specifically authorized by the statutory text. Further, 

issuing this requirement is a proper exercise of the Department’s rulemaking authority as revised 

§ 200.19(c)(1) falls squarely within the scope of, and is necessary to reasonably ensure 

compliance with section 1111(c)(4), which requires statewide accountability systems to be 

designed to improve student academic achievement and school success, as well as with the 

purpose of title I of the ESEA, to provide all children significant opportunity to receive a highquality education and to close educational achievement gaps. For these reasons, the regulation 

does not violate section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Moreover, we do not 

agree that proposed or revised § 200.19(c)(1) is inconsistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) 

because the regulation does not require the State to use a specific methodology in identifying 

schools with consistently underperforming subgroups. More specifically, revised § 200.19(c)(1)

permits a State to consider subgroup performance over a longer timeframe if it makes the 

required demonstration. 

Changes: Section 200.19(c)(1) has been revised to allow a State, in order to identify schools 

with one or more consistently underperforming subgroups, to consider a school’s performance 

among each subgroup of students in the school over more than two years, if the State 

demonstrates that a longer timeframe will better support low-performing subgroups of students 

to make significant progress in achieving long-term goals and measurements of interim progress 

in order to close statewide proficiency and graduation rate gaps, consistent with section 

1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(III) of the Act and § 200.13.

Comments: A few commenters supported the proposed definitions, including the option for a 

State-determined definition, of consistently underperforming subgroups under § 200.19(c)(3). 

Some commenters recommended removing all of the proposed definitions in § 200.19(c)(3) 

because the Department does not have the authority to require States to choose one of these 

definitions. Others suggested that the Department make it clear that the proposed definitions are 

optional. These commenters generally cited section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, which allows a State to determine what constitutes consistent underperformance, 

and one commenter cited section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

which provides that nothing in the ESEA authorizes the Secretary to prescribe the specific 

methodology States use to meaningfully differentiate schools.

Discussion: The Department’s regulations provide States with a number of options for 

identifying schools with consistently underperforming subgroups of students in a way that 

promotes equity and ensures compliance with one of the stated purposes of title I--to close 

educational achievement gaps--as well as with the requirement for accountability systems to be 

designed to improve student academic achievement and school success. The regulations allow a 

State to propose its own definition of consistently underperforming subgroups, so long as that 

definition considers each school’s performance among each subgroup of students and is based on 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

144

all the indicators used for annual meaningful differentiation, consistent with the weighting 

requirements for such indicators. As such, the regulation is a proper exercise of the 

Department’s rulemaking authority (see further discussion under the heading Cross-Cutting 

Issues). We do not agree that § 200.19(c)(3) is inconsistent with section 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) or 

1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(V) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because the regulation does not 

require the State to use a specific methodology in identifying schools with consistently 

underperforming subgroups. 

However, in reviewing the comments, the Department has determined that some of the

definitions proposed in § 200.19(c)(3) were unclear or inconsistent with the proposed 

requirement in § 200.19(c)(2) to consider each indicator used for annual meaningful 

differentiation. Accordingly, we are revising § 200.19(c)(2)-(3) for clarity to ensure that: (1) 

each State’s methodology to identify schools with a consistently underperforming subgroup must 

be based on all indicators a State uses for annual meaningful differentiation; and (2) States 

defining consistently underperforming subgroups on the basis of long-term goals or 

measurements of interim progress also consider indicators for which the State is not required to 

establish goals or measurements of interim progress. In this way, States defining a consistently 

underperforming subgroup on the basis of its long-term goals and indicators can, for example, 

develop a methodology that considers all goals and indicators, even if identification for targeted 

support and improvement is made only on the basis of a single goal or indicator.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(c)(2)-(3) to clarify that all definitions of consistently 

underperforming subgroups must be based on all indicators in the accountability system, so that 

a State’s methodology examines a school’s performance across all indicators, even if a 

subgroup’s performance against the State’s measurements of interim progress and long-term 

goals or performance on a single indicator is sufficient to trigger identification of the school for 

targeted support and improvement. 

Comments: Several commenters specifically opposed the options for defining consistently 

underperforming subgroups of students in proposed § 200.19(c)(3)(ii)-(iv), because States would 

be able to use a definition that includes a relative threshold for identification rather than an 

absolute standard and, consequently, only schools with the very lowest-performing subgroups 

would be identified. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ concern that the use of a relative measure may

narrow the definition of consistently underperforming subgroups depending on the range of 

performance across measures within a State. Therefore, while we are retaining a State’s 

flexibility to propose a State-determined definition, we are removing the proposed options for 

identifying consistently underperforming subgroups of students that included relative measures, 

such as the size of performance gaps between the subgroup and State averages. 

Changes: We have removed the definitions in proposed § 200.19(c)(ii) through (iv) of the final 

regulations.

Comments: Many commenters suggested requiring all States to consider a subgroup’s 

performance against the State’s long-term goals and measurements of interim progress, as 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

145

described under 200.19(c)(3)(i), in determining whether a subgroup is consistently 

underperforming. 

Discussion: Sections 1111(c)(4)(C)(iii) and 1111(d)(2)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, require that States consider a subgroup’s performance on all of the indicators in 

identifying schools with consistently underperforming subgroups for targeted support and 

improvement. Because only two of these indicators--the Academic Achievement indicator and 

the Graduation Rate indicator--must be based on a State’s long term goals and measurements of 

interim progress, a methodology for identifying consistently underperforming subgroups that 

looked only at long-term goals or measurements of interim progress would not be consistent with 

the statute.

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter suggested that the Department provide States with two additional 

options for identifying consistently underperforming subgroups: (1) comparing a subgroup’s 

performance against the average performance among all students, or the highest performing 

subgroup, in the school, and (2) comparing a subgroup’s performance against the all students

group, or the highest performing subgroup, in the LEA. The commenter also recommended that 

these additional options be used in tandem with a method based on an absolute measure, such as 

a subgroup’s performance against a State’s long-term goals and measurements of interim 

progress.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s suggestion and believe that a State could propose 

either of the options suggested by the commenter under final § 200.19(c)(3)(ii) so long as its 

proposal also met the requirements of 200.19(c)(1)-(2). A State could also propose to use one of 

these options in concert with a subgroup’s performance against a State’s long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress. Because these approaches could already be proposed by a 

State as part of a State-determined definition of consistently underperforming subgroup, we 

decline to add these specific options to the regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: While a few commenters recommended that the Department remove the 

requirement under proposed § 200.19(c)(2) regarding the use of indicators, other commenters 

asked the Department to clarify that States must consider a subgroup’s performance on each 

indicator, including indicators of School Quality or Student Success, in determining which 

schools have consistently underperforming subgroups. Specifically, commenters were 

concerned that a State could consider performance only on a single indicator, such as Academic 

Achievement, but not other indicators in identifying schools with consistently underperforming 

subgroups.

Discussion: As previously discussed in the second summary of changes in the “Methodology to 

Identify Consistently Underperforming Subgroups”, the Department has modified the regulations 

to clarify that a State must establish a definition of consistently underperforming subgroups that 

is based on all of the indicators, and that a school need not be underperforming on every 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

146

indicator in order to be identified for targeted support and improvement. In other words, 

although a State’s definition must examine a subgroup’s performance on all indicators, a school 

may be identified based on having a subgroup that is underperforming on any one (or more) of 

those indicators. For example, although a State cannot systematically look only at each 

subgroup’s performance on the Academic Achievement indicator to identify schools with lowperforming subgroups (it must look at performance on all the indicators under § 200.14), it may 

identify an individual school for targeted support and improvement if a subgroup in that school is 

underperforming on the Academic Achievement indicator. We appreciate the commenters’ 

concern that this requirement was not sufficiently clear in the proposed regulations.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(c)(2)-(3) to clarify that all definitions of consistently 

underperforming subgroups must be based on all indicators in the accountability system, such 

that a State’s methodology examines performance across all indicators, even if a subgroup’s 

performance against the State’s measurements of interim progress and long-term goals or low 

performance on a single indicator is sufficient to trigger identification of the school for targeted 

support and improvement.

Comments: A few commenters suggested that the Department require a State’s definition of 

consistently underperforming subgroups to result in the identification of more schools for 

targeted support and improvement than the State identifies for targeted support and improvement 

due to low-performing subgroups. 

Discussion: The statute requires each State to identify two categories of schools--those with 

consistently underperforming subgroups for targeted support and improvement and those with 

low-performing subgroups for targeted support and improvement that must also receive 

additional targeted support. We believe requiring one group to be larger than the other would be 

arbitrary and inconsistent with the requirements to identify all schools that meet the applicable 

definitions. Consequently, we decline to set parameters around the number of schools that must 

be identified in either category. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested requiring that a State’s method for identifying 

consistently underperforming subgroups be understandable by all stakeholders to promote 

transparency.

Discussion: We agree that it is important for stakeholders, including schools, educators, and 

parents to understand a State’s methodology for identifying consistently underperforming 

subgroups. In its State plan and in the description of its system of annual meaningful 

differentiation on its State report card under § 200.30, each State must describe its methodology 

for identifying schools with consistently underperforming subgroups. Therefore, we decline to 

add an additional consultation or reporting requirement.

Changes: None.

Timeline 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

147

Comments: One commenter supported the proposed requirements in § 200.19(d)(1) that States 

must identify: (1) schools for comprehensive support and improvement at least once every three 

years, beginning with identification for the 2017-2018 school year; (2) schools with one or more 

consistently underperforming subgroups for targeted support and improvement annually, 

beginning with identification for the 2018-2019 school year; and (3) schools with one or more 

low-performing subgroups for targeted support and improvement that must also receive

additional targeted support when it identifies schools for comprehensive support and 

improvement, beginning with identification for the 2017-2018 school year. Many commenters, 

however, strongly opposed the proposed timelines because they would require States to use data 

from the 2016-2017 school year to identify schools by the beginning of the 2017-2018 school 

year. These commenters generally encouraged the Department to move the timeline back one 

year, so that States must identify schools for the first time by the beginning of the 2018-2019 

school year. A handful of commenters also encouraged the Department to move the timeline for 

identifying schools with consistently underperforming subgroups for targeted support and 

improvement back one year, to the beginning of the 2019-2020 school year. 

Commenters believed that the delayed timelines they proposed were necessary to allow 

States to engage in more robust consultation with stakeholders, to better align with the

Department’s intended State plan submission and review timeline, and to ensure consistency 

with sections 1111(c)(4)(D)(i) and 1111(d)(2)(D) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. In 

particular, commenters were concerned that schools would be identified on the basis of results 

generated under States’ prior accountability systems, using existing indicators with a heavy 

emphasis on test-based data, rather than the broader range of academic and non-academic

indicators required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. They suggested that the originally 

proposed timeline would not allow States to meaningfully establish systems--including taking 

the time to design new indicators to satisfy the requirements of the Student Success or School 

Quality indicator--and collect information on new indicators that had not previously been part of 

the accountability system.

Some commenters also encouraged the Department to allow States, under the proposed 

extended implementation timelines, to maintain their lists of identified schools from the 2016-

2017 school year into the 2017-2018 school year consistent with the flexibility for the 2016-2017

school year under the ESSA transition provisions.

Discussion: We agree that extending the timelines for identification of schools for improvement 

would better support full and effective implementation of the statewide accountability systems, 

consistent with the requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and are revising the 

regulations accordingly. The Department also anticipates releasing non-regulatory guidance to 

support States in using the 2017-2018 school year as a transition year, and to ensure that States 

continue to support low-performing schools during this time.

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(d), and made conforming revisions throughout the final 

regulations, to allow States to: (1) identify schools for comprehensive support and improvement 

no later than the beginning of the 2018-2019 school year; (2) identify schools with lowperforming subgroups for targeted support and improvement that also must receive additional 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

148

targeted support no later than the beginning of the 2018-2019 school year, based on data from 

the 2017-2018 school year, and (3) allow States to identify schools with consistently 

underperforming subgroups for targeted support and improvement no later than the beginning of 

the 2019-2020 school year. We have made also made additional clarifying edits, including 

renumbering and reorganizing this section, that do not change the substance of the requirements.

Additionally, given revisions to the deadlines for submission of consolidated State plans, if a 

State chose to submit its plan in the first application window, it is possible the State may be able 

to begin their process for identifying schools for comprehensive and targeted support and 

improvement sooner than the required timeline in order to take advantage of the new multimeasure accountability systems established under the ESSA more quickly.

Comments: Some commenters supported the requirement to identify schools for comprehensive 

and targeted support and improvement by the beginning of the school year in order to give 

schools sufficient notice and planning time to implement appropriate interventions. One 

commenter recommended moving identification up by one week so that teachers know a 

school’s status before school starts. 

Other commenters opposed the requirement to identify schools by the beginning of each 

school year, primarily because they believed the requirement does not take into account State 

timelines for the collection, validation, and reporting of the data that will be used to identify 

schools. Some commenters recommended alternatives to the requirement that States identify 

schools by the beginning of the school year. For example, some commenters suggested requiring 

that schools be identified no later than one month after school starts, by the end of the first 

quarter of the school year, in the fall, by December 31 of each year, or on a State-determined 

timeline developed in consultation with stakeholders and submitted with State plans.

Some commenters opposed any specific timeline for school identification because they 

asserted the statute does not identify a point during the school year by which identification must 

occur.

Discussion: While we understand the challenges associated with making accountability 

decisions by the beginning of the school year, we believe that, given the time required for 

planning and implementing high-quality school improvement plans that include meaningful 

consultation with stakeholders, it is imperative that districts and schools know they have been 

identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement before the beginning of the 

school year. To that point, we are revising the regulation to clarify that it is preferable for State 

to identify schools as soon as possible, particularly so LEA and school staff have this 

information while they are engaged in other planning for the school year. Further, we believe 

that requiring identification no later than the start of the school year is necessary to reasonably 

ensure compliance with section 1111(d) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which requires 

that States develop and implement plans aimed at improving student performance. It therefore 

falls squarely within the scope of title I, part A of the statute, consistent with section 1111(e) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and within our rulemaking authority under GEPA, the 

DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

149

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(d)(2)(i) to clarify that a State should identify schools for 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement as soon as possible, but no later than the 

beginning of the school year for each year in which it identifies schools. 

Comments: Some commenters stated that because cohort graduation rates include students who

graduate at the end of the summer following the regular school year, it would not be feasible to 

use graduation rate data from one school year to identify schools at the beginning of the next 

school year. 

Discussion: We recognize that the use of the preceding year’s adjusted cohort graduation rate 

data will be difficult given the inclusion of summer graduates. For this reason, we are revising 

the regulations to permit States to lag graduation rate data by one year for the purposes of school 

accountability, including the identification of low graduation rate high schools and calculation of 

the Graduation Rate indicator. Additionally, in revising these regulations, we are making 

additional edits to clarify and streamline the regulatory requirements for the use of preceding 

data in school identification. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.19(d)(2) to clarify that States generally must use data from the 

preceding school year to identify schools for comprehensive and targeted support and 

improvement by the beginning of each school year, but may use data from the year immediately 

prior to the preceding year to calculate the Graduation Rate indicator and to identify high schools 

with low graduation rates for comprehensive support and improvement.

Section 200.20 Data procedures for annual meaningful differentiation and identification of 

schools

Averaging Data

Comments: None.

Discussion: The Department is concerned that the use of both the terms “combining” and 

“averaging” in proposed § 200.20(a) is confusing because it suggests that using data from 

multiple grades involves a different procedure than using data from multiple school years. Both 

§ 200.20(a)(1) and (a)(2) enable States to include greater numbers of students and students in 

each subgroup in data calculations for school accountability, by adding up the total number of 

students in a given subgroup from the current school year and the previous two school years, and

by adding the total number of students in a given subgroup across each grade in a school. For 

example, a State using chronic absenteeism as a School Quality or Student Success indicator and 

selecting to combine data across school years and grades would add the number of students in 

the school that missed 15 days or more in each of the past three school years, and divide that 

number by the total number of students in the school, summed across each of the past three 

years--resulting in an indicator based on averages across both school years and grades. To 

clarify that the data procedures for combining data across grades are the same as averaging data 

across grades (i.e., in both cases a State would “combine” data in order to produce an averaged 

result), we are revising § 200.20(a)(1) by replacing the term “averaging” with the term 

“combining” in each place that it appears, while maintaining the term “averaging” to describe the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

150

general concept in § 200.20(a). We are also revising § 200.20(a)(1)(A) to specifically clarify 

that in combining data across multiple schools years for purposes of calculating a school’s 

performance on each indicator and determining whether a subgroup of students in a school meets 

the State’s minimum n-size, the State’s uniform procedure for combining data must sum the total 

number of students in each subgroup of students in a school described in § 200.16(a)(2) across 

all available years.

Further, as discussed in response to comments on § 200.19, we believe the proposed 

regulations were not sufficiently clear about which school-level data could be considered over 

multiple years--the measures that are included in a particular indicator used for annual 

meaningful differentiation, or a school’s overall determination. We are revising § 200.20(a) to 

clarify that the indicators may be averaged over up to three school years or across all grades in a 

school, and that these indicators are subsequently used for differentiation and identification of 

schools. Further, we are revising § 200.20(a), as previously discussed in response to comments 

on § 200.15, to clarify that a State may average school-level data for the limited purpose of 

meeting the requirement in § 200.15(b)(2), and the adjusted cohort graduation rate for purposes 

of identifying high schools with low graduation rates. Any further clarification of these 

requirements will be provided in non-regulatory guidance.

Changes: We have revised § 200.20(a) to (1) be more consistent and clear in using the term 

“averaging” to describe generally how school-level data may be used over multiple years or 

school grades and “combining” to describe the procedures in § 200.20(a)(1) and (2); (2) to 

specify that in averaging data across years a State must sum the total number of students in each 

subgroup of students across all school years for purposes of calculating school performance on 

the indicators and whether a particular subgroup meets the State’s minimum n-size; and (3) to 

clarify the purposes for which a State may average data across years: calculating indicators used 

for annual meaningful differentiation, meeting the requirement under § 200.15(b)(2), and

identifying low graduation rate high schools.

Comments: One commenter suggested that proposed § 200.20 require that the procedure used 

for averaging data across school years and combining data across grades be identified in LEA 

report cards, in addition to State report cards.

Discussion: Section 200.32(a)(3) requires each State and LEA report card to describe, as part of 

the description of the accountability system, the State’s uniform procedure for averaging data 

across years or across grades consistent with § 200.20. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended allowing States to average date used for 

accountability purposes for more than three school years.

Discussion: The Department’s proposal gives States the flexibility to combine data across years 

or grades because averaging data in this manner can increase the data available to consider as 

part of accountability systems, both improving the reliability of accountability designations and 

increasing the number of subgroups in a school that meet the State’s minimum n-size (e.g., 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

151

because adding together up to three cohorts of students for whom there is available data 

potentially triples the number of students with valid data, consistent with final §

200.20(a)(1)(A)). The Department believes that averaging data over more than three school 

years is inconsistent with current practice and regulation, ill-aligned with the requirements for 

school identification under the statute (e.g., the identification of schools for comprehensive 

support and improvement at least once every three years), and increases the risk of 

inappropriately masking current-year school performance--increasing the risk that lowperforming schools are not identified in a timely fashion. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Commenters supported the proposed requirement that States continue to report data 

for a single year, without averaging, on State and LEA report cards, even if a State averages data 

across years. Other commenters supported the language in this section that allows States to 

average data across school years to meaningfully differentiate schools. Commenters noted this 

flexibility allows States to have more meaningful accountability determinations for smaller 

schools, while also minimizing the number of schools that move in or out of a particular status

from year to year due to n-size limitations.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support for these provisions and agree that this 

flexibility is an important tool for States in designing effective systems of school accountability.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters felt that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, does not authorize 

the Department to regulate on data averaging and that decisions about data averaging should 

remain with the States. Other commenters objected to the proposed requirement that States 

continue to report data that is not averaged for each indicator on State and LEA report cards even 

if a State averages data across years for accountability purposes (§ 200.20(a)(1)(ii)(B)). The 

commenters asserted that reporting data that is not averaged undermines the purpose of 

averaging, which is to obtain a more statistically valid and reliable measure of performance than 

shorter timeframes such as a single year, and that States electing to average data over three years 

should report a rolling average for each indicator each year.

Discussion: The proposed data averaging procedures are intended to provide States with limited 

additional flexibility to increase the data available to consider in the accountability system, 

thereby improving the reliability of accountability determinations and increasing the number of 

subgroups in a school that meet the State’s minimum n-size. These rationales are not as relevant 

to reporting, where the key goal is to inform parents and other stakeholders (e.g., teachers, 

principals or other school leaders, local administrators) of the performance of specific students 

rather than cohorts of students averaged over multiple years. 

Further, we believe the requirement to use the same uniform data averaging procedure for 

all public schools is necessary to ensure that the Statewide accountability system is applied in a 

fair and consistent manner to all public schools in a State. Additionally, the requirement to 

report data for a single year, even if a State averages data for accountability purposes, is 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

152

necessary to ensure compliance with the requirement in section 1111(h) of the ESEA that report 

cards be presented in an “understandable and uniform format.” Accordingly, the parameters that 

the regulation places on a State’s use of data averaging fall squarely within the scope of section 

1111 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e), and constitute an 

appropriate exercise of the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and 

section 1601(a) of the ESEA (see further discussion under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues).

Changes: None.

Partial Enrollment

Comments: Some commenters objected to the use of the term “enroll” in proposed § 200.20(b) 

instead of “attend,” which is the term used in the statute. 

Discussion: The Department believes that enrollment, rather than attendance, is a better measure 

of determining which students a school should be held accountable for, both because schools 

have a responsibility to promote and ensure regular attendance and because including students in 

accountability systems on the basis of attendance could create an incentive to discourage lowperforming students from attending school, which is contrary to the purpose of title I to provide 

all children significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and high-quality education, and to 

close educational achievement gaps. For this reason, the Department declines to make changes to 

§ 200.20(b).

Changes: None.

Comments: Commenters also objected to the requirement that students enrolled for more than 

half of the year be included in the calculation of school performance for accountability purposes, 

in part because it represents a significant change from the “full academic year” requirements 

under the NCLB. Other commenters sought additional flexibility for States or LEAs to use 

existing methods or definitions for determining what constitutes partial enrollment or to develop 

their own definitions; including, for example, the percentage of time a student is in the school 

building.

Discussion: The requirement that the performance of any student enrolled for at least half of the 

school year be included on each indicator in the accountability system is based on section 

1111(c)(4)(F) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters supported the proposed regulations in § 200.20(b)(2)(ii) for 

ensuring students are included in graduation rate calculations if they exit school and were only 

enrolled in a high school for part of the school year. Other commenters supported adding a 

requirement, in order to ensure all students are included in the calculation of graduation rates, to

provide each State the authority to reassign students to schools for calculating adjusted cohort 

graduation rates when implementing the partial attendance requirements of ESSA.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

153

Discussion: We appreciate the support of commenters for these provisions and agree that it is 

critical to ensure accurate calculation of adjusted cohort graduation rates. While we disagree that 

the regulations should be amended to provide a State will sole responsibility to reassign students 

to a different cohort, we note that § 200.20(b)(2) requires that if a student who was partially 

enrolled exits high school without receiving a regular diploma and without transferring to 

another high school that grants such a diploma during the school year, the State establishes a 

process, described further under 200.34, that the LEA must use to assign the student to the cohort 

of a particular high school. In addition, § 299.13(c)(1)(A)-(B) requires each State receiving 

funds under part A of title I to assure in its State plan that--in applying the approach under § 

200.20(b) that its LEAs include students who are enrolled in the same school for less than half of 

the academic year and who exit high school without a regular diploma and without transferring 

into another high school that grants such a diploma in the calculation of adjusted cohort 

graduation rates--all students are included in the denominator of the calculation either for the 

school in which the student was enrolled for the greatest proportion of school days while 

enrolled in grades 9 through 12, or for the school in which the student was most recently 

enrolled.

Changes: None.

Sections 200.21 and 200.22 Comprehensive and targeted support and improvement.

Comments: Several commenters provided general support for the clarification in the proposed 

regulations regarding the actions to be taken to support and improve schools identified for 

comprehensive and targeted support and improvement, including State and local flexibility to 

determine the appropriate interventions for struggling schools. 

Discussion: We appreciate the general support for the regulations on comprehensive and 

targeted support and improvement. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters opposed the requirement that a State notify each LEA with a 

school identified for comprehensive support and improvement no later than the beginning of the 

school year, with one commenter stating that the proposed timeline is unreasonable given that 

identified schools may use the first year for planning and need not implement improvement plans 

and another recommending that States instead be permitted to develop their own notification 

timelines as part of their State plans. 

Discussion: A clear, regular timeline for identification of schools is critical to meet the needs of 

students, who are likely to have been poorly served for years before their schools are identified 

for improvement and whose risk of educational failure only increases if identification is further 

delayed. As previously discussed under § 200.19, we also believe that given the time required 

for planning and implementing high-quality school improvement plans that include meaningful 

consultation with stakeholders, it is imperative that districts and schools know they have been 

identified for support and improvement as soon as possible, but no later than the beginning of the 

school year. Moreover, States and LEAs have faced, and generally met, an even earlier school 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

154

identification timeline for the past decade under NCLB.

Changes: For consistency with revisions to § 200.19(d)(2)(i), we are revising § 200.21(a) and § 

200.22(a)(1) to clarify that a State should notify each LEA with an identified school of such a 

school’s identification as soon as possible, but no later than the beginning of the school year. 

Notice to Parents: Comprehensive and Targeted Support and Improvement 

Comments: Many commenters supported the Department’s proposed requirements regarding 

notice to the parents of students enrolled in the schools identified for comprehensive and targeted 

support and improvement, including an explanation of how parents can become involved in the 

development and implementation of the support and improvement plan. 

Some commenters supported the requirements but suggested additional modifications to 

the proposed notice requirements, including defining “promptly” so as to specify a timeline for 

notifying parents (e.g., no later than 30 or 60 days following identification), extending notice 

requirements to cover students as well as parents, and requiring LEAs to pilot their notices 

(potentially in collaboration with available parent or family engagement centers) to ensure they 

are easily understandable by diverse parents. 

Several commenters, however, stated that the proposed parental notification requirements 

exceeded the Department’s authority under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

recommended eliminating any language not in the statute or making § 200.21(b)(1)–(b)(3) 

permissive rather than required.

Discussion: We appreciate those comments in support of our proposed notification 

requirements. We decline to further define terms (e.g., “promptly”) or to otherwise expand 

requirements related to parental notification because we believe States should have flexibility, in 

consultation with their LEAs, to determine a notification process that meets local needs and 

circumstances. At the same time, we believe the requirements in § 200.21(b)(1)–(3) are 

necessary to ensure that LEAs and schools, respectively, are able to comply with the 

requirements in section 1111(d)(1)(B) regarding the development and implementation of 

comprehensive support and improvement plans, and in section 1111(d)(2)(B) regarding the 

development and implementation of targeted support and improvement plans, “in partnership 

with stakeholders,” including parents. Accordingly, these requirements fall squarely within the 

scope of section 1111(d) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e), 

and within the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA (see further discussion regarding the Department’s 

rulemaking authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues). We, therefore, decline to revise 

these notice requirements. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters made suggestions regarding the content of the notice to parents 

required by §§ 200.21(b) and 200.22(b), including specifying any low-performing subgroup or 

subgroups of students that led to the school’s identification, and describing available supports 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

155

and interventions for students who are below expected levels in math, reading, or ELP.

Discussion: Sections 200.21(b) and 200.22(b) require the notice to include, among other 

requirements, the reason or reasons for the identification, including, for a school that is identified 

for targeted support and improvement, the specific subgroup or subgroups that led to the school’s 

identification. However, we believe the LEA is unlikely to have information on available 

supports and interventions for low-performing students at the time of initial parental notification, 

in part because a key purpose of such notification is to involve parents, in collaboration with 

other stakeholders, in decisions about the supports and interventions for such students that will 

be included in comprehensive or targeted support and improvement plans, as applicable.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters suggested a change to the requirement that parental notification

of a school’s identification for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement include, if 

applicable, the subgroup or subgroups that led to the school’s identification because it could 

reveal personally identifiable information. These commenters recommended that the regulations 

cross-reference the provision in § 200.16(b) establishing a minimum subgroup size for protection 

of personally identifiable information. 

Discussion: Section 200.16(b) requires that a school is only held accountable for subgroup 

performance if that subgroup meets a State-determined minimum subgroup size sufficient to 

yield statistically reliable information for each purpose for which disaggregated data are used, 

including for purposes of reporting information under section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, or for purposes of the statewide accountability system under section 1111(c) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Consequently, any notice to parents that includes the subgroup 

or subgroups that led to a school’s identification would not include a subgroup that did not meet 

the minimum subgroup size, thereby protecting personally identifiable information.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters suggested specific modifications to proposed § 200.21(b)(2) 

regarding written and oral translation of notices to parents. In particular, rather than requiring

oral translation when written translation may not be practicable, some commenters suggested 

requiring LEAs to secure written translations for at least the most populous language other than 

English in a school that is identified for support and improvement. One commenter suggested

that the final regulations should require the translation of those notices consistent with the Civil 

Rights Act of 1964 and Executive Order 13166. Another commenter felt that the regulations 

should require written notice and not rely on oral translations. However, another commenter 

suggested that oral translations and alternate formats should be required only to the extent 

practicable. Several commenters suggested that the phrase “to the extent practicable” should be 

clarified. One commenter requested that all LEAs consider it to be practicable to translate 

notices into American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian languages. This commenter 

also suggested the Department provide assistance in either funding or procuring services that will 

allow States to enforce the translation requirements. A few commenters stated that if a notice is 

not translated, it should include information for how a parent can request free language 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

156

assistance from the school or district. 

Other commenters opposed the specific requirements regarding written and oral 

translation because they believe there is no statutory authority for the requirement. One 

commenter specifically stated that this is an issue that should be left to the States.

Discussion: The statute and regulations require that, before a comprehensive or targeted support 

and improvement plan is implemented in an identified school, the LEA or school, as applicable,

must develop such a plan in partnership with stakeholders, including parents. In order to ensure 

that parents are meaningfully included in this process, §§ 200.21(b) and 200.22(b) require an 

LEA to provide notice to parents of the school's identification that is not only understandable and 

clear about why a school was identified, but also enables parents to be engaged in development 

and implementation of the comprehensive or targeted support and improvement plan, as required 

by the statute. These requirements provide greater transparency and help parents understand the 

need for and the process for developing a school's comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement plan, so that they can meaningfully participate in school improvement activities 

and take an active role in supporting their child's education. Accordingly, we believe that the 

requirements regarding written and oral translations fall squarely within the scope of, and are 

necessary to ensure compliance with sections 1111(d)(1)(B) and 1111(d)(2)(B) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, and therefore constitute a proper exercise of the Department’s 

rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA and are 

consistent with section 1111(e) (see further discussion under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues).

We also disagree with commenters that we should require only written translations and 

not allow for oral translations, or that we should require oral translations and alternate formats 

only to the extent practicable. Parents with disabilities or limited English proficiency have the 

right to request notification in accessible formats. Whenever practicable, written translations of 

printed information must be provided to parents with limited English proficiency in a language 

they understand. However, if written translations are not practicable, it is practicable to provide 

information to limited English proficient parents orally in a language that they understand. This 

requirement is consistent with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI), as amended, 

and its implementing regulations. Under Title VI, recipients of Federal financial assistance have 

a responsibility to ensure meaningful access to their programs and activities by persons with 

limited English proficiency. It is also consistent with Department policy under Title VI and 

Executive Order 13166 (Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English 

Proficiency).

We decline to further define the term “to the extent practicable” under these regulations, 

but remind States and LEAs of their Title VI obligation to take reasonable steps to communicate

the information required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to parents with limited English 

proficiency in a meaningful way.

24

 We also remind States and LEAs of their concurrent 

obligations under Section 504 and title II of the ADA, which require covered entities to provide 

 

24 For more information on agencies’ civil rights obligations to Limited English Proficient parents, see the Joint Dear Colleague 

Letter of Jan. 7, 2015, at Section J. (http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-el-201501.pdf).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

157

persons with disabilities with effective communication and reasonable accommodations 

necessary to avoid discrimination unless it would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature 

of a program or activity or in undue financial and administrative burdens. Nothing in ESSA or 

these regulations modifies those independent and separate obligations. Compliance with the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, does not ensure compliance with Title VI, Section 504 or title 

II.

Changes: None.

Comments: While a small number of commenters supported the proposed accessibility 

requirements generally, several of the commenters expressed concern that the requirements do 

not sufficiently ensure that parents and other stakeholders are able to access the notices and 

documentation and information when it is posted on websites. Of the commenters expressing 

concern, several discussed the accessibility of parent notices provided on LEA websites, 

particularly for individuals with disabilities.

Discussion: For a detailed discussion about accessibility of websites, please see the discussion 

below in §§ 200.30 and 200.31.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: Proposed § 200.21(b)(3) required notice of a school’s identification for 

comprehensive support and improvement in an alternative format accessible to a parent or 

guardian who is an individual with a disability, upon request. The term “parent” is defined in 

section 8101(38) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Under this definition, a “parent”

includes a legal guardian or other person standing in loco parentis (such as a grandparent or 

stepparent with whom the child lives, or a person who is legally responsible for the child’s 

welfare). Including the term “guardian” in § 200.21(b)(3) is unnecessary and redundant.

Changes: We have revised § 200.21(b)(3) by removing the reference to a guardian.

Comments: One commenter suggested that a review of notices be part of Federal and State 

monitoring of the requirements under title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: The Department appreciates and will take this comment into consideration when 

developing plans for monitoring State and local accountability systems under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None.

Needs Assessment: Comprehensive Support and Improvement

Comments: Many commenters expressed general support for the proposed regulations in § 

200.21(c) requiring that, for each identified school, an LEA conducts a needs assessment in 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

158

partnership with stakeholders (including principals and other school leaders, teachers, and 

parents). Many of these commenters suggested the regulations would be strengthened by 

ensuring LEAs partner with a broader array of stakeholder groups, such as: students, public 

health and health care professionals, community-based organizations, faith-based organizations,

local government, institutions of higher education, businesses, and intermediary organizations. 

Some suggested the stakeholders engaged in this endeavor also include specific types of teachers 

and leaders, such as childhood educators and leaders working with children prior to school entry,

career and technical educators, and specialized instructional support personnel. Several 

commenters expressed concern about the opportunity for limited English proficient families to 

fully participate in the needs assessment; one of these commenters recommended that the 

regulations require LEAs to provide interpretation services in order for parents to have a 

meaningful opportunity to participate in the process.

Discussion: We appreciate the support from commenters for the proposed needs assessment 

requirements. The regulations require LEAs to partner with the same stakeholders with whom 

they are required to partner for purposes of developing the comprehensive support and 

improvement plan when they conduct the needs assessment that will inform that plan--principals 

and other school leaders, teachers, and parents. Although we encourage LEAs to partner with a 

broad range of stakeholders when developing and implementing a robust needs assessment, we

believe LEAS should have discretion regarding the inclusion of additional groups or individuals 

in this work. LEAs must provide language assistance, consistent with their obligations under 

title VI, in order for limited English proficient families to participate meaningfully in the needs 

assessment.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters suggested that a comprehensive needs assessment examine other 

measures in addition to those described in § 200.21(c)(1)–(c)(4). For instance, many 

commenters recommended requiring the needs assessment to include measures of school climate 

(e.g., chronic absenteeism; suspension; bullying and harassment). One commenter suggested the 

needs assessment also include the school’s existing interventions, including how they are being 

implemented and their effectiveness. Several commenters suggested changes specific to § 

200.21(c)(4) regarding the optional examination of the school’s performance on additional, 

locally selected indicators. One such commenter suggested adding a requirement that locally 

selected indicators be supported, to the extent practicable, by the strongest evidence that is 

available and appropriate to the identified school. One commenter recommended that States be 

given discretion to specify which additional local indicators should be included in the needs 

assessment in order promote uniform requirements for needs assessments used by LEAs. 

Finally, one commenter stated that the Department does not have the authority to specify the 

minimum elements of a needs assessment.

Discussion: The Department agrees with the commenters who indicated that the regulations 

should require LEAs, in partnership with stakeholders, to examine additional measures in a 

needs assessment. The needs assessment should examine the school’s unmet needs, including 

the needs of students; school leadership and instructional staff; the quality of the instructional 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

159

program; family and community involvement; school climate; and distribution of resources, 

including results of the resource inequity review. We believe these additions allow for the needs 

assessment to include measures of school climate and the school’s existing interventions, as 

recommended by commenters.

We disagree, however, with commenters’ suggested revisions regarding the optional use 

of a school’s performance on additional, locally selected indictors. Section 200.21(c)(4) allows, 

at the LEA’s discretion, examination of an identified school’s performance on additional, locally 

selected measures that are not included in the State’s system of annual meaningful differentiation

and that affect school outcomes in the school. We do not want to reduce local discretion on 

these measures for use in the needs assessment by adding specific requirements in the areas 

suggested by the commenters. Consequently, we decline to regulate further in this area.

We also disagree with commenters who indicated that the Department lacks authority to 

specify the minimum requirements of the needs assessment. We believe these requirements are 

necessary to reasonably ensure that the needs assessment is meaningful and results in the 

development of a support and improvement plan that meets all requirements for such plans and 

will ultimately meet the statutory goal of improving student achievement and school success and 

closing academic achievement gaps. Accordingly, the regulation constitutes a proper exercise of 

the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the 

ESEA and falls squarely within the scope of section 1111(d), consistent with section 1111(e) 

(see further discussion under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues).

Changes: We have revised § 200.21(c) to require the needs assessment to include an 

examination of the school’s unmet needs, including the unmet needs of students; school 

leadership and instructional staff; the quality of the instructional program; family and community 

involvement; school climate; and distribution of resources, including results of the resource 

inequity review. We have also renumbered the paragraphs in this subsection to accommodate 

the substantive revision.

Comments: One commenter suggested adding a needs assessment requirement for targeted 

support and improvement schools that would include an assessment of school climate and safety.

Discussion: The statute does not require a school identified for targeted support and 

improvement to conduct a needs assessment, but we encourage LEAs to consider conducting a 

needs assessment for such schools in order to develop an effective support and improvement plan 

tailored to local needs.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: In proposed § 200.21(c)(4), the needs assessment may examine, at the LEA’s 

discretion, the school’s performance on additional, locally selected indicators that are not 

included in the State’s system of annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18 and that affect 

student outcomes in the identified school. In order to clarify that the term “locally selected 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

160

indictors” is separate and apart from the accountability indicators described in § 200.14, we have 

changed the term to “locally selected measures.”

Changes: We have revised § 200.21(c)(5), as renumbered, to say that an LEA may examine 

locally selected measures.

Comprehensive and Targeted Support and Improvement Plans: In General

Comments: One commenter claimed that the Department does not have the authority to 

promulgate regulations that specify the minimum elements of comprehensive support and

improvement support plans.

Discussion: The regulations clarify and provide additional detail regarding how an LEA must 

comply with the requirements in section 1111(d)(1)(B)(i) – (iv) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, which establish the basic elements of a comprehensive support and improvement plan. 

We believe these regulatory provisions are necessary to reasonably ensure that each 

comprehensive support and improvement plan meets the statutory requirements for such plans 

and ultimately meets the statutory goal of improving student achievement and school success and 

closing educational achievement gaps and therefore fall squarely within the scope of title I, part 

A of the statute. Moreover, the regulations ensure compliance with these key statutory 

provisions while maintaining significant flexibility for LEAs by, for instance, offering examples 

of evidence-based interventions an LEA might implement but leaving the selection of 

appropriate interventions to LEAs. Accordingly, the regulation constitutes a proper exercise of 

the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the 

ESEA and does not violate section 1111(e) (see further discussion under the heading CrossCutting Issues).

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the regulations clarify that States and districts can 

implement comprehensive support and improvement plans that address not only a school in need 

of comprehensive support and improvement but also the schools that feed students into that 

school.

Discussion: While § 200.21(d) requires that each LEA develop and implement a comprehensive 

support and improvement plan only for each identified school, an LEA may choose to consider 

supporting schools that feed into identified schools. Given this existing flexibility, we do not 

believe further regulation is necessary. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters suggested requiring a comprehensive support and improvement 

plan to address how the LEA will build sufficient teacher and leader capacity to effectively 

implement interventions.

Discussion: We appreciate the intentions of the commenters in recommending changes to 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

161

support teachers and leaders in their implementation of comprehensive support and improvement 

plans but believe that further requirements in this area would not be consistent with the 

significant discretion afforded to schools by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, in the 

development and implementation of such plans.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested adding new requirements for comprehensive support and 

improvement plans regarding the effective implementation of evidence-based interventions, 

while another commenter suggested recommended schools share data on the implementation of 

selected interventions with LEAs to support an evaluation of the intervention’s impact.

Discussion: We believe § 200.21(d)-(f) already provides for a continuous improvement process

that would support the effective implementation of interventions selected as part of a 

comprehensive support and improvement plan, including stakeholder participation, State 

monitoring of plan implementation, and more rigorous interventions and State support if an 

identified school does not meet exit criteria. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested strengthening the requirements for monitoring schools 

identified for targeted improvement and support by revising § 200.22(c) so that targeted support 

and improvement plans include, at a minimum, annual performance and growth benchmarks. 

The plan should also require a demonstration of sustained improvement against benchmark goals 

over at least two years before a school is exited from targeted support and improvement.

Discussion: We believe §§ 200.22(c)–(e) already require a meaningful continuous improvement 

process for schools implementing targeted support and improvement plans, and decline to 

regulate further in this area.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters suggested that the targeted support and improvement plans 

required in § 200.22(c) should include interventions designed for the specific subgroups of 

students identified as consistently underperforming rather than for all of the lowest-performing 

students. One commenter asserted that if a targeted support and improvement school has both 

consistently underperforming and low-performing subgroups, the students in these groups should 

be considered the lowest-performing students to whom interventions should be tailored.

Discussion: We appreciate the comments suggesting that the Department require targeted 

support and improvement plans to focus on interventions tailored to specific subgroups. We 

decline to make this change, however, in order to maintain consistency between these regulations 

and the applicable non-discrimination legal requirements. To that end, we are clarifying in § 

200.22(c)(7) that the resource inequity review required for a school with low-performing 

subgroups must identify and address resource inequities, but not the effects of any identified 

inequities on the low-performing subgroups.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

162

Changes: We have revised § 200.22(c)(7) to eliminate the requirement that the resource inequity 

review address the effects of identified inequities on each low-performing subgroup in the 

school.

Comments: Several commenters suggested revising proposed § 200.22(c)(3)(ii) regarding the 

school’s performance on additional, locally selected indicators that are not included in the State’s 

system of annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18 and that affect student outcomes in 

the identified school. Recommended changes include requiring that, to extent practicable, 

locally selected indicators be supported by the strongest available evidence, distinguish between 

schools, predict performance, and are amenable to intervention. 

Discussion: We appreciate the intentions of the commenters in recommending changes designed 

to strengthen the impact of locally selected measures described in § 200.22(c)(3)(ii), but believe 

that further requirements in this area would not be consistent with the significant discretion 

afforded to schools by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, in the development and 

implementation of targeted support and improvement plans.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested adding to § 200.22(c)(3) a new requirement to consider

the implementation and effectiveness of existing interventions when developing a targeted 

support and improvement plan.

Discussion: We appreciate the intention of the commenter in recommending changes designed 

to strengthen targeted support and improvement plans, but believe that further requirements in 

this area would not be consistent with the significant discretion afforded to schools by the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, in the development and implementation of targeted support and 

improvement plans.

Changes: None.

Stakeholder Engagement: Comprehensive and Targeted Support and Improvement Plans 

Comments: Many commenters expressed support for the required involvement of key

stakeholders--including principals and other school leaders, teachers, and parents--in the 

development and implementation of comprehensive and targeted support and improvement 

plans, but recommended the addition of a wide range of other specified stakeholders in the final 

regulation, such as school psychologists, students, and community-based organizations. In 

addition, one commenter recommended the addition of language requiring school districts 

subject to section 8538 of the ESEA to consult with tribal representatives before taking action 

under proposed §§ 200.21 and 200.22 (as well as under proposed §§ 200.15(c), 200.19, and 

200.24). 

Discussion: We appreciate the support for the proposed regulations regarding stakeholder 

engagement in plan development and implementation. We emphasize that the list of 

stakeholders specified in the regulations--which mirrors the list provided in section 1111(d) of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

163

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA--represents the minimum requirements for the stakeholders 

who should be engaged in plan development and implementation, and we encourage LEAs to 

include additional stakeholders as appropriate. We are, however, revising the final regulations in 

§ 200.21(d)(1) to encourage the inclusion of students, as appropriate, in the development of 

school improvement plans. While parents must be included in the development of the plans and 

are effective advocates on behalf of their children, we believe that directly involving students in 

developing school improvement plans, particularly in the case of older students, could ensure 

that a school’s plan represents the perspectives of those who will be most directly impacted by its 

implementation. We are also making this revision to similar provisions in §§ 200.15(c)(1)(i) and 

200.22(c)(1).

We also agree that the tribal consultation requirement in section 8538 of the ESEA, 

which requires certain school districts to consult with tribal representatives before submitting a 

plan or application under ESEA-covered programs, applies to comprehensive support and 

improvement plans under § 200.21(d). We are therefore adding language to § 200.21(d)(1) to 

specify that, for those affected LEAs, the stakeholders with whom the LEA works to develop the 

plan must include Indian tribes.

The requirements of section 8538 do not apply to the needs assessments under § 

200.21(c) because there is no LEA plan or application that must be submitted. However, 

because the needs assessment is an important part of developing a comprehensive support and 

improvement plan, we encourage affected LEAs to involve local tribes in the needs assessment 

process. The tribal consultation requirement does not apply to the other provisions requested by 

the commenter, either because the regulatory requirements do not apply to LEAs (proposed § 

200.19 contains State requirements, not LEA plan requirements; proposed §§ 200.15(c) and 

200.22 apply to school-level rather than LEA-level plans) or because the LEA application 

requirement is not for a covered program (proposed § 200.24 contains application requirements 

for school improvement funds under section 1003(a) of the ESEA, which is not a covered 

program).

Changes: We have revised § 200.21(d)(1) to include Indian tribes as a stakeholder for LEAs 

affected by section 8535 of the ESSA, as amended by the ESSA, and to include students, as 

appropriate. We have also revised §§ 200.15(c)(1)(i) and 200.22(c)(1) to include students, as 

appropriate, in the development of school improvement plans related to low participation rates 

and to identification for targeted support and improvement.

Comments: Comprehensive and targeted support and improvement plans (as described in §§ 

200.21(d) and 200.21(c), respectively) must be developed in partnership with stakeholders. 

Several commenters suggested the regulations clarify what is meant by the term “partnership,” 

including by requiring shared decision-making with families (including training for parents and 

family members and specific provisions ensuring the meaningful inclusion of English learner 

families), sustained collaboration with equitable participation by diverse stakeholders, the 

integration of such partnerships with LEA and school parent and family engagement policies,

and participation in the plan's monitoring and refinement cycle. One commenter also requested 

that the Department urge LEAs to work with stakeholders to determine whether changes are 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

164

needed in pre-existing plans that may have been created without stakeholder engagement.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ suggestions to further define how comprehensive 

and targeted support and improvement plans are developed and implemented in partnership with 

stakeholders, but we believe the requirements in §§ 200.21(d)(1) and 200.22(c)(1) largely 

address the concerns and suggestions made by commenters on this matter.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: Proposed §§ 200.21(d) and 200.22(c) stated that, in developing comprehensive 

support and improvement plans, each LEA must describe in the plan how early stakeholder input 

was solicited and taken into account in the development of the plan, including the changes made 

as a result of such input. It is possible that no changes are necessary as a result of that input. 

Therefore, for the sake of clarity, we are revising the requirement to refer to “any” changes made 

as a result of input.

Changes: We have revised §§ 200.21(d)(1)(i) and 200.22(c)(1)(i) to say “any changes” rather 

than “the changes made as a result of such input.”

Evidence-based Interventions: Comprehensive and Targeted Support and Improvement 

Plans

Comments: Many commenters supported the specific examples of interventions cited in § 

200.21(d)(3) or suggested adding a wide range of other interventions to the final regulations. 

Some of these suggestions were similar to interventions already on the list, such as: partnering 

with teacher preparation providers to implement year-long, clinically rich preparation programs 

that incorporate residents fully into instructional and school improvement efforts; expanded 

learning time and afterschool programs; and increased access to high-quality, developmentallyappropriate early education. Other commenters suggested additional examples not part of the 

current list, such as: culturally responsive modifications to school interventions for underserved 

students; strategies to increase family and community engagement; and innovative instructional 

models that incorporate high-quality career technical education. Several commenters also 

recommended clarifying certain aspects of the interventions on the proposed list or revising them 

to reflect additional requirements or strategies.

Other commenters opposed the inclusion of certain interventions on the list, citing 

concerns about the research base and/or effectiveness of the examples on the list, whether they 

would necessarily be appropriate in all local contexts, and whether the appearance of an 

“approved” list in the regulations is consistent with local discretion to select appropriate 

interventions responding to local needs. One commenter recommended striking the list of 

examples in favor of simply requiring that interventions meet the definition of “evidence-based” 

under section 8101(21) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, or revising the list to include 

only those interventions supported by strong, moderate, or promising evidence, since those three 

levels are required for any improvement plans funded by the school improvement funds 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

165

authorized by Section 1003 of ESSA.

Discussion: The list of examples in § 200.21(d)(3) is intended merely to illustrate the types of 

interventions an LEA may choose to consider when developing a comprehensive support and 

improvement plan, and we recognize that there are many other interventions that an LEA could 

select in response to the specific needs of a particular school and community. The options 

available to LEAs include any of the activities and approaches recommended by the 

commenters, as long as they meet the requirements of § 200.21(d)(3). For these reasons, we 

decline to add or remove any interventions to the non-exhaustive list, though we are making 

clarifications to several of the interventions currently on the list. 

Changes: We have revised the final regulations to clarify several of the examples of

interventions in § 200.21(d)(3). For one of these interventions, strategies designed to increase 

diversity by attracting and retaining students from varying socioeconomic backgrounds, we 

added students from varying racial and ethnic backgrounds. In the strategy to replace school 

leadership, the example now also includes identifying a new principal who is trained for or has a 

record of success in low-performing schools. We clarified the language regarding the revoking 

or non-renewing a public charter school’s charter by adding language about public charter 

schools working in coordination with the applicable authorized public chartering agency to 

revoke or non-renew a school’s charter and ensuring actions are consistent with State charter law 

and the school’s charter.

Comments: One commenter recommended including in § 200.22(c) a examples of interventions 

for targeted support and improvement similar to that proposed in § 200.21(d)(3) and including in 

that list: (1) increasing access to effective general and special education teachers and specialized 

instructional support personnel or adopting incentives to recruit and retain effective general and 

special education teachers and specialized instructional support personnel; and, (2) adopting the 

use of multi-tiered systems of support to address academic and behavioral deficits, including the 

use of positive behavioral interventions and supports.

Discussion: The examples of interventions listed in § 200.21(d)(3) are intended, in part, to 

illustrate the types of broad, comprehensive reforms that address the needs of an entire school, 

and not the narrower, more tailored interventions generally appropriate for schools identified for 

targeted support and improvement. Given the large number of differentiated strategies that may 

be used in schools identified for targeted support and improvement, depending on the specific 

needs and circumstances of the lowest-performing students in such schools, we do not believe it 

would be helpful to create a similar illustrative list for such schools in the final regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters suggested adjustments to the proposed requirement in § 

200.21(d)(3) and 200.22(c)(4) that comprehensive and targeted improvement and support plans 

include “one or more” interventions to improve student outcomes in the school that meet the 

definition of evidence-based under section 8101(21) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Some believe that considering the multitude of issues facing identified schools, a single 

intervention is insufficient to address the root cause of the overall low performance of the school. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

166

Several commenters suggested requiring more than one intervention, such as requiring two or 

more interventions that are evidence-based; two or more interventions for each subgroup 

identified; and multiple evidence-based interventions that directly and comprehensively address 

the particular root causes of the school’s low performance, which may include interventions that

vary by academic subject area or meet the differing needs of students within a single subgroup. 

Discussion: While we believe that the commenters have identified important issues for LEAs 

and schools to consider in developing their improvement plans, we do not believe it is either 

appropriate or consistent with local discretion under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to 

include additional requirements around the use of evidence-based interventions in the final 

regulations. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested clarifying the term “intervention” in § 200.22(c)(4) by 

adding regulatory language that an intervention may include activities, strategies, programs, or 

practices. 

Discussion: We agree that an intervention may include activities, strategies, programs, and 

practices, but decline to define the term further in the final regulation. However, we have

provided further guidance around the use of evidence-based interventions in non-regulatory 

guidance.

25

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended requiring that the intervention or interventions 

chosen for students instructed primarily through a Native American language that are included in 

comprehensive support and improvement plans are provided through the Native American 

language of instruction and do not limit the preservation or use of Native American languages.

Discussion: Comprehensive and targeted support and improvement plans are developed in 

partnership with school leaders, teachers, and parents, and we encourage stakeholders and LEAs 

to consider the unique needs of students in identified schools when choosing appropriate 

interventions. However, requiring that supports be provided to students in a particular language 

is beyond the scope of these regulatory provisions, which address support and improvement to a 

school in general (see examples in § 200.21(d)(3)), rather than to students individually. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Many commenters expressed general support for the proposed requirements in §§ 

200.21(d)(3)(i) – (iv) and 200.22(c)(4)(i) – (iv) regarding the selection of evidence-based 

interventions in comprehensive and targeted support and improvement plans. Some of these 

commenters also recommended a wide range of specific changes to these provisions, including, 

for example, additional methodological requirements for selecting and using evidence-based 

 

25 See: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/guidanceuseseinvestment.pdf 

Non-Regulatory Guidance: Using Evidence to Strengthen Education Investments
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

167

interventions, the use of State-established evidence-based interventions or a State-approved list 

of evidence-based interventions, ensuring that selected interventions respond to the needs 

assessment, strengthening local capacity to identify and implement evidence-based interventions, 

building evidence through evaluation of selected interventions, and justifying the use of nonevidence-based interventions. One commenter suggested changing the provisions to require that 

interventions maintain access to well-rounded education for all students, including access to, and 

participation in, music and the arts as well as other well-rounded education subjects supported by 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Another commenter recommended that the Department, 

with assistance from the Institute of Education Sciences, create a compendium of Federallysupported rigorous research on effectiveness of interventions.

Some commenters opposed the proposed requirements in § 200.21(d)(3)(i)–(iv) and § 

200.22(c)(4)(i)–(iv) regarding the selection of evidence-based interventions, asserting that these 

requirements inappropriately exceed those of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. One 

commenter stated that many districts do not have the capability to meet these requirements and 

may have to rely on costly external consultants for this purpose. This commenter also noted that

the highest three tiers of evidence in the evidence-based definition are required only for 

interventions funded with State-awarded school improvement grants under section 1003 of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: We appreciate the support of some commenters for the regulations regarding 

evidence-based interventions. While we appreciate the suggested revisions to the language in §§ 

200.21(d)(3) and 200.22(c)(4), the Department believes, with one exception, that the current 

language is clear and declines to amend the regulations. Specifically, we are revising the 

provisions in proposed §§ 200.21(d)(3)(iv) and 200.22(c)(4)(iii) that stated that an intervention 

may be selected from a State-approved list of interventions consistent with § 200.23(c)(2) to 

more clearly articulate these optional State authorities. Specifically, we are revising final §§

200.22(d)(3)(iv) and 200.22(c)(3)(iv) so that it pertains only to “exhaustive or non-exhaustive” 

lists of evidence-based interventions that may be established by the State and so that it references 

the optional State authority in § 200.23(c)(2). We are further clarifying that, in the case of a 

State choosing to establish an exhaustive list of evidence-based interventions under § 

200.23(c)(2), the evidence-based interventions in the support and improvement plan must be 

selected from that list, while in the case of a State opting to establish a non-exhaustive list under 

§ 200.23(c)(2), the evidence-based interventions may be selected from that list. We are also 

adding § 200.22(d)(3)(v) as a separate provision to clarify that the evidence-based intervention 

selected in a comprehensive support and improvement plan may be one that is determined by the 

State, consistent with State law, as described in section 1111(d)(1)(3)(B)(ii) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, and § 200.23(c)(3). We believe these revisions help clarify how a State 

may utilize the authorities described in § 200.23(c)(2)-(3), and the distinctions between them. 

These revisions in no way alter an LEA or school’s discretion to choose an evidence-based 

intervention from those included on a State-established list, exhaustive or otherwise.

We disagree with commenters who indicated that § 200.21(d)(3) exceeds the 

Department’s rulemaking authority. These requirements clarify how an LEA is to comply with 

the new and complex statutory requirement to select and implement evidence-based 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

168

interventions in schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement; 

without such clarification, an LEA might have difficulty meeting this requirement. Moreover, 

these clarifications of the statutory requirements are necessary to reasonably ensure that the 

selected interventions will advance the statutory goals of improving student academic 

achievement and school success and closing achievement gaps and therefore fall squarely within 

the scope of section 1111 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 

1111(e). Accordingly, these requirements constitute an appropriate exercise of the Department’s

rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA. 

Changes: We have revised §§ 200.21(d)(3)(iv) and 200.22(c)(4)(iv) to more clearly articulate 

the distinctions between the optional State authorities for lists of State-approved interventions 

and State-determined interventions, as described in § 200.23(c)(2)-(3), and their impact on the 

evidence-based interventions used in school support and improvement plans. Specifically, in the 

case of an exhaustive list of interventions established by the State consistent with § 200.23(c)(2), 

the intervention must be selected from that list, while in the case of a State establishing a nonexhaustive list, the intervention may be selected from that list. In addition, for comprehensive 

support and improvement plans, § 200.21(d)(3)(v) clarifies that the intervention may be one that 

is determined by the State, consistent with State law, as described in section 1111(d)(1)(3)(B)(ii) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and § 200.23(c)(3). 

Equity and Resource Allocation: Comprehensive and Targeted Support and 

Improvement Plans

Comments: A number of commenters expressed support for § 200.21(d)(4) and § 200.22(c)(7), 

which require comprehensive support and improvement plans and targeted support and 

improvement plans for schools with low-performing subgroups that also must receive additional 

targeted support to identify and address resource inequities by reviewing certain LEA- and 

school-level resources. Other commenters requested that the Department eliminate these

requirements or that it simply provide illustrative examples of resources that LEAs or schools 

might choose to review. Some commenters also suggested that such reviews might not be 

permissible under State law or questioned the Department’s authority to require the review of 

any specific resources. One commenter specifically stated that the requirements conflicted with 

section 8527 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the support for the resource review provisions in the 

proposed regulations. We believe that specifying certain types of resources for review is 

essential for ensuring that the reviews are meaningful and that they enable LEAs and schools to 

meet the statutory requirements for comprehensive support and improvement plans and targeted 

support and improvement plans for schools with low-performing subgroups schools that also 

must receive additional targeted support to identify and address resource inequities (ESEA 

section 1111(d)(1)(B)(iv), 1111(d)(2)(C)). We also believe that reviewing the particular 

resources in §§ 200.21(d)(4) and 200.22(c)(7) falls squarely within the scope of section 1111(d) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because it is necessary to the development of support 

and improvement plans that advance the statutory goals of improving student academic 

achievement and school success and closing educational achievement gaps. Further, the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

169

regulations ensure that these statutory requirements and purposes are met while minimizing 

burden on LEAs and schools by focusing on key data that States already will be collecting and 

reporting under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Accordingly, we believe §§ 200.21(d)(4) 

and 200.22(c)(7) are a proper exercise of the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, 

the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and do not violate 

section 1111(e).

Further, we disagree that the requirement to identify and address resource inequities by 

reviewing certain resources violates section 8527 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. That 

provision states that nothing in the ESEA authorizes an officer or employee of the Federal 

Government “to mandate, direct, or control” a State, LEA, or school’s allocation of State or local 

resources. As the regulations require the review of certain resources in order to identify and 

address resource inequities but do not require that such inequities be addressed in any particular 

way, they in no way “mandate, direct, or control” the allocation of State or local resources.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended changes to the list of resources reviewed 

under §§ 200.21(d)(4)(i) and 200.22(c)(7)(i), including changes in required and optional 

elements of an LEA- or school-level resource review. Suggested elements included, for 

example, access to technology, music and art, and specialized instructional support personnel. 

Two commenters requested that we re-designate the examples in proposed §§

200.21(d)(4)(ii)(A)-(C) and 200.22(c)(7)(ii)(A)-(C)--access advanced coursework, preschool 

programs, and instructional materials and technology--as required elements of resource reviews.

One commenter also suggested adding to the list of required elements data that a State is required 

to report under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which 

includes measures of school quality such as rates of suspensions and the number and percentage 

of students enrolled in preschool programs and accelerated coursework.

Discussion: We recognize that, as suggested by commenters, there are numerous examples of 

resources that contribute to positive educational outcomes that could be included in either a 

required or optional list in §§ 200.21(d)(4) and 200.22(c)(7), and we note that the final 

regulations would permit an LEA or school to add nearly any educational resource to its review 

that it deems important for supporting the effective implementation of school improvement 

plans.

We also believe, however, that the final regulations are more likely to promote 

meaningful resource reviews by focusing on a discrete list of required elements while continuing 

to reserve significant discretion to LEAs and schools in the conduct of such reviews. For this 

reason, we are revising the final regulations to make access to advanced coursework as well as 

access to both preschool and full-day kindergarten required elements of resource reviews. We 

also are adding as a required element access to specialized instructional support personnel, as 

defined in section 8101(47) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Specialized instructional 

support personnel such as school counselors are an important resource for creating and 

maintaining a safe and positive school climate and it is essential that students in all schools, but 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

170

particularly low-performing schools, have access to those resources.

Finally, we decline to add school climate or suspension rates to the list of resources for 

review. Although these are important aspects of a school that should be evaluated and analyzed, 

they are not resources that are allocated. We encourage an LEA conducting a needs assessment 

pursuant to § 200.21(c) to examine a school’s unmet needs with respect to school climate, 

including by reviewing data reported under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii)(I) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, on rates of in-school suspensions, expulsions, school-related arrests, 

referrals to law enforcement, chronic absenteeism, and incidences of violence, including bullying 

and harassment.

Changes: We have revised the language in §§ 200.21(d)(4)(i) and 200.22(c)(7)(i) to require that 

an LEA, or school, include as part of its resource inequity review, in addition to per-pupilexpenditures and access to ineffective teachers, access to full-day kindergarten programs and 

preschool programs (in the case of an elementary school) as reported annually consistent with 

section 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, advanced coursework, 

including accelerated coursework as reported annually consistent with section 

1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and specialized instructional support 

personnel, as defined in section 8101(47) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including 

school counselors, school social workers, school psychologists, other qualified professional 

personnel, and school librarians. We have also made conforming changes to § 200.21(d)(4)(ii) 

and § 200.22(c)(7)(ii).

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department expand the resource inequity review 

requirements to apply to schools identified for targeted support and improvement due to one or 

more consistently underperforming subgroups.

Discussion: The Department believes that requiring resource reviews for schools identified for 

targeted support and improvement would not be consistent with the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA; nevertheless, we strongly encourage those schools and their LEAs to include resource 

reviews as part of their targeted support and improvement plans.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department require that an LEA, or school, 

include, with respect to the required review in §§ 200.21(d)(4)(i) and 200.22(c)(7)(i) of perpupil-expenditures and ineffective teachers, a review of budgeting and resource allocation.

Discussion: The Department believes that requiring a review of LEA and school-level budgeting 

and resource allocation would be inconsistent with section 1111(d) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, which specifies that resource reviews “may include” budgeting and resource 

allocation decisions.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters supported the requirements in § 200.21(d)(4) and § 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

171

200.22(c)(7) but noted concern about the elimination of the highly-qualified teacher 

requirements that existed under the ESEA, as amended by NCLB.

Discussion: The ESSA eliminated the highly-qualified teacher requirements in NCLB, and we 

therefore decline to include them. 

Changes: None.

Timeline, Plan Approval, and Public Availability: Comprehensive and Targeted Support 

and Improvement Plans 

Comments: Many commenters supported local discretion to use the first year following 

identification for targeted or comprehensive support and improvement as a planning year, as 

described in §§ 200.21(d)(5) and 200.22(c)(5). 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the strong support for the allowance of a planning year; 

we agree that it will facilitate the development and implementation of targeted and 

comprehensive support and improvement plans consistent with the requirements of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA. To further clarify that schools may begin implementation of targeted or 

comprehensive support and improvement plans during the planning year, we have made 

revisions to the proposed requirements in §§ 200.21 and 200.22.

Changes: We have revised the language in §§ 200.21(d)(5) and 200.22(c)(5) to clarify that a 

school identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement may begin 

implementation of its approved plan during the planning year, or, at the latest, the first full day of 

the school year following the school year for which the school was identified.

Comments: One commenter suggested adding language that an LEA may identify a new 

principal, if applicable, during the planning year in order to encourage districts to thoughtfully 

plan for leadership transitions as early as possible.

Discussion: We decline to require the identification of a new principal during the planning year, 

the timing of which we believe is a local decision.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters supported requiring LEAs, consistent with §§ 200.21(d)(6) and 

200.22(d)(2), to make comprehensive and targeted support and improvement plans publicly 

available, including to parents consistent with the requirements for notice in § 200.21(b). Other

commenters recommended additional requirements, including making a hard copy available or 

providing online access to the documents at the school for parents who do not have a home 

computer. 

Discussion: We appreciate the support of commenters for our proposed regulations regarding the 

public availability, including to parents, of comprehensive and targeted support and 

improvement plans. We believe these requirements will ensure that plans are accessible to 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

172

parents, including those with limited English proficiency needing language assistance. We 

encourage but do not require the plan be made available in a particular format (e.g., via hardcopy 

or online) unless that is necessary to meet the requirement for an alternative format requested by 

a parent who is an individual with a disability. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters opposed the proposed language in § 200.21(d)(7) requiring 

school approval of comprehensive support and improvement plans because they believe that

LEAs should retain final approval authority to ensure that all schools in the district are treated 

equally and that no school has veto power over an improvement plan. 

Discussion: The final regulations are consistent with section 1111(d)(1)(B)(v) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which requires that a comprehensive support and improvement plan be 

approved by the school, LEA and SEA.

Changes: None. 

Comments: Several commenters requested clarification regarding the requirements in § 

200.21(e)(1) regarding the State’s responsibilities for comprehensive support and improvement 

plan approval and monitoring, with some commenters recommending defining the term 

“periodically” as it applies to review of plan implementation to mean at least annually. 

Similarly, several commenters requested clarification regarding the requirement in § 200.22(d) 

regarding the LEA’s responsibilities for plan approval, in particular what it means to review and 

approve a targeted support and improvement plan “in a timely manner.” Other commenters 

stated that the review of improvement plans should include input from State Advisory Panels in 

special education.

Discussion: We do not believe it is necessary to further define the terms “in a timely manner” or 

“periodically” in these regulations, as we believe both States and LEAs should have discretion, 

consistent with the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to develop timelines related the 

development and implementation of comprehensive and targeted support and improvement 

plans, respectively, that reflect their needs and circumstances. We also note that these timelines 

will naturally be driven, in part, by the implementation timelines specified in these final 

regulations (i.e., plans must be fully implemented no later than the first day of school in the year 

immediately following a planning year/the year for which identified).

Changes: None.

Exit Criteria: Comprehensive Support and Improvement Plans 

Comments: Several commenters generally supported the requirements in § 200.21(f) for exit 

criteria for schools implementing comprehensive support and improvement plans. Several other 

commenters, however, opposed the proposed regulations on exit criteria, contending that the 

Department does not have the authority to promulgate those regulations, that the regulation 

violates the provision in section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VII) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

173

which states that the Secretary may not prescribe exit criteria established by the State, and that 

the determination of appropriate exit criteria, as well as the actions that an LEA with a school 

that does not meet the exit criteria must take, should be determined by the State. More 

specifically, several commenters objected to the regulations on the basis that they would prevent 

a State from establishing exit criteria based on measures other than test scores or graduation 

rates. One commenter expressed concern that the exit criteria parameters in the proposed 

regulations were not sufficiently rigorous. Finally, a number of commenters requested that the 

Department remain silent on the State-established timeline for exit criteria.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the support for the requirements related to exit criteria. 

In response to the comments suggesting that the States should be permitted to determine exit 

criteria, the Department notes that the regulations in § 200.21(f) allow a State to establish its own 

exit criteria, requiring only that those exit criteria fall within two parameters: (1) that they require 

improvements in student outcomes; and (2) that a school that meets the exit criteria no longer 

meets the criteria for identification as a comprehensive support and improvement school. 

Under these regulations, “student outcomes” are not limited to outcomes on statewide 

assessments. Accordingly, a State may establish exit criteria that are based on measures in 

addition to or other than test scores, such as, for example, improvements on any indicator in the 

accountability system, including a School Quality or Student Success indicator. States also have 

flexibility to determine what constitutes “improvement” on an indicator, and the Department 

encourages States in establishing these parameters to consider whether a school has sustained 

improvements and is likely to not be re-identified. We also believe that the regulations strike the 

proper balance between setting safeguards to ensure meaningful exit criteria and providing each 

State with ample flexibility to establish the exit criteria most appropriate for its State context. 

Further, we believe the regulations are consistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VII) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because they do not prescribe exit criteria. Rather, the 

regulations set broad parameters around exit criteria to ensure that the criteria are linked with 

improved schools as opposed to, for example, arbitrary measures unrelated to student outcomes. 

A State may establish whatever exit criteria it believes are appropriate within those parameters 

such as, for example, improved performance on the School Quality or Student Success indicator 

or improvements in other student outcomes, as required under section 1111(d)(3) of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA. Additionally, we believe that the regulations fall within the scope of, 

and are necessary to ensure compliance with, the requirements in section 1111(d)(3)(A)(i) of the 

ESEA, which requires exit criteria be designed to ensure continued progress to improve student 

academic achievement and school success in the State. As such, we believe these requirements 

constitute a proper exercise of the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, 

and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, and do not violate section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA.

Additionally, given the balance struck by the regulations, the Department declines to 

specify more rigorous parameters for exit criteria in the final regulations. Further, we note that 

the regulatory provision specifying that the State-determined timeline for meeting the exit 

criteria may not exceed four years merely restates the statutory provision in section 

1111(d)(3)(A)(i)(I) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

174

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: We have determined that the regulations could provide greater clarity regarding 

how a State determines that a school no longer meets the criteria for identification under § 

200.19(a). Specifically, we believe that it is necessary to clarify that a State’s exit criteria must 

ensure that a school no longer meets the specific criterion or criteria under which the school was 

identified, rather than all of the criteria under § 200.19(a) (e.g., if a school was identified because

it was among the lowest-performing five percent of title I schools in the State, the exit criteria 

need not require that the school improve its graduation rate). 

Changes: We have modified the language in § 200.21(f)(1)(ii) to specify that a State’s exit 

criteria must require that a school no longer meet the specific criteria under which the school was 

identified as a comprehensive support and improvement school.

Comments: One commenter expressed support for the requirement, in § 299.17(c)(2) of the 

proposed regulations, that a State make publicly available the exit criteria it establishes under § 

200.21(f).

Discussion: The Department appreciates the support for this requirement, and believes it would 

be helpful to further clarify this requirement by adding it to § 200.21 in the final regulations; we 

believe a similar clarification is also helpful in § 200.22(f)(1) with regard to title I schools with 

low-performing subgroups of students identified for targeted support and improvement.

Changes: We have modified the language in §§ 200.21(f)(1) and 200.22(f)(1) to reiterate the 

requirement in § 299.17(c)(2) and (5) that a State must make publicly available its exit criteria 

for schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement and for schools with lowperforming subgroups of students identified for targeted support and improvement.

Comments: One commenter noted that the term “exit criteria” could be called “success criteria” 

instead.

Discussion: We retain the proposed terminology in the final regulations for consistency with the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, but note that a State may use whatever term it deems 

appropriate for its exit criteria as long as the criteria meet the requirements in § 200.21(f).

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter asked for clarification on how the requirements in the regulations 

with respect to timeline for exiting interact with the timeline for schools currently implementing 

interventions under ESEA flexibility as well as what types of support and monitoring a State 

must provide to an LEA with a school that does not meet the exit criteria.

Discussion: The Department agrees that clarification on the issues raised by the commenter

would be helpful, but intends to address both issues in non-regulatory guidance rather than the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

175

final regulations. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters requested that the Department eliminate the requirement that an 

LEA conduct a new needs assessment for a school implementing a comprehensive support and 

improvement plan that does not meet the exit criteria within the State-determined number of 

years. Those commenters claimed that the requirement is duplicative, burdensome, and 

inconsistent with the statute.

Discussion: The Department believes that a new, high-quality needs assessment, conducted in 

partnership with stakeholders, is an essential foundation for the development and successful 

implementation of the amended comprehensive support and improvement plan required by § 

200.21(f)(3). Additionally, the requirement is necessary to reasonably ensure compliance with 

sections 1111(d)(1)(B)(iii) and 1111(d)(3) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because an 

amended needs assessment is essential to identifying areas for which improvement is needed in a 

school that has failed, after a State-determined number of years, to meet the State-established 

exit criteria. For these reasons, we believe the regulation falls squarely within the scope of 

section 1111(d) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e), and our

rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, and, thus, decline to eliminate this requirement.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters suggested changes to § 200.21(f)(3) with respect to the 

actions an LEA must take if a school identified for comprehensive support and improvement 

does not meet the exit criteria within a State-determined number of years. Specifically, these 

commenters requested clarification that the additional interventions that the LEA must 

implement in the school may replace or supplement the existing interventions and that the 

additional interventions must address the needs identified by the new needs assessment, 

regardless of the level of evidence supporting those interventions. Some of these commenters 

were concerned that the requirement in § 200.21(f)(3)(iii)(B) appeared to require all of the 

additional interventions in the amended plan to be supported by strong or moderate evidence. 

Finally, one commenter suggested requiring annual State review of the implementation of the 

amended comprehensive support and improvement plan.

Discussion: We agree with the suggestions to clarify that not all the additional interventions that 

an LEA implements as part of an amended comprehensive support and improvement plan for a 

school that fails to meet exit criteria must be evidence-based interventions supported by strong or 

moderate evidence and is revising the regulation to reflect this clarification. The Department 

believes that interventions with stronger evidence are more likely to lead to success and, 

therefore, will maintain the requirement that at least one of the interventions be supported by 

strong or moderate evidence. We further agree that an LEA may either replace or supplement

existing interventions, as determined by the State, and that an LEA should, as part of its new 

needs assessment, carefully review whether the existing interventions have been successful at 

improving the achievement of its students, but believe the regulations already are clear on this
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

176

point. Finally, the Department declines to amend the regulations to include annual State review 

of the implementation of amended comprehensive support and improvement plans because it 

believes that the need for additional monitoring and support for such schools is adequately 

addressed by the requirement in § 200.21(f)(5)(ii).

Changes: The Department has amended § 200.21(f)(3)(iii)(B) to require that the additional 

interventions that an LEA with a school identified for comprehensive support and improvement

that does not meet exit criteria must implement include one or more evidence-based 

interventions that are supported by strong or moderate evidence, but clarify that the amended 

plan may also include other rigorous interventions that are not supported by strong or moderate 

evidence.

Exit Criteria: Targeted Support and Improvement Plans

Comments: Several commenters supported generally the requirements in § 200.22(e) for exit 

criteria, including one who specifically supported the requirement that an LEA make the exit 

criteria publicly available. Several other commenters asserted that the Department does not have 

authority to set parameters around exit criteria or that either the exit criteria or the actions 

required for a school that does not meet the exit criteria should be determined by the State or 

LEA. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the support for the requirements related to exit criteria

in the proposed regulations. We believe that these requirements fall squarely within the scope 

of, and are necessary to reasonably ensure compliance with the requirements in section 

1111(d)(2)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that schools identified for targeted 

support and improvement implement plans that improve student outcomes and that such plans 

result in additional action following unsuccessful implementation after a number of years. As 

such, we believe these requirements constitute a proper exercise of the Secretary’s rulemaking 

authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

and do not violate section 1111(e) (see discussion of the Department’s general rulemaking 

authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues). Further, the regulations reserve appropriate 

discretion for LEAs to determine their specific exit criteria for schools implementing targeted 

support and improvement plans.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested requiring annual State review of the implementation of 

amended targeted support and improvement plans.

Discussion: The Department believes that requiring annual State review of the implementation 

of amended targeted support and improvement plans would be inconsistent with the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which gives LEAs primary responsibility for ensuring the effective 

implementation of targeted support and improvement plans. We also believes that the 

requirement in § 200.22(e)(2)(iii) that the LEA increase monitoring and support for school 

implementing amended targeted support and improvement plans partly addresses the 

commenter’s concerns.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

177

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended that the Department impose a maximum 

timeline for exit criteria for schools identified for targeted support and improvement due to one 

or more consistently underperforming subgroups. Two commenters suggested aligning the 

maximum timeline with the requirement that exit criteria for comprehensive support and 

improvement schools not exceed four years; another suggested requiring a cap of two years, 

noting that the exit criteria should be based on the school’s progress against benchmark goals; 

and one commenter suggested that, if, after three years, a school has not met the exit criteria for 

targeted support and improvement, the State be required to identify it for comprehensive support 

and improvement.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the recommendations of the commenters, each of 

which is aimed at ensuring that LEAs and States take meaningful action, over time, to improve 

outcomes for students in consistently underperforming subgroups. However, the Department 

believes that these recommendations generally are not consistent with the requirements of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which reserve significant discretion to LEAs in the 

development and implementation of targeted support and improvement plans. The Department 

also believes that because the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, specifies the types of schools 

that must be identified for comprehensive support and improvement, it would not be appropriate 

to expand this definition to include schools identified for targeted support and improvement due 

to one or more consistently underperforming subgroups that fail to meet exit criteria. For these 

reasons, we believe that the regulations strike the proper balance between establishing safeguards 

to ensure meaningful exit criteria and providing each LEA with flexibility to establish the exit 

criteria most appropriate for its specific context, as well as more rigorous consequences for 

failure to meet those criteria. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended that the Department require that States, 

rather than LEAs, establish exit criteria or otherwise eliminate the LEA’s control over the exit 

criteria for schools identified for targeted support and improvement based on one or more 

consistently underperforming subgroups. These commenters were concerned that the LEAestablished exit criteria may conflict with State policies, including the State’s criteria for 

identifying consistently underperforming subgroups, may be inconsistent across the State, and 

may create burden for LEAs. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates commenters’ interest in having States establish exit 

criteria for this type of school. The regulation, however, is consistent with the statute, which 

specifically grants authority to establish exit criteria for these schools to LEAs (section 

1111(d)(2)(B)(v) of the ESEA). We note that States have authority to issue rules, regulations,

and policies related to title I of the ESEA, and may exercise that authority in accordance with the 

requirements in section 1603 of the statute. A State may use that authority to issue rules, 

regulations, or policies that establish parameters around LEA-established exit criteria.

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

178

Comments: Several commenters recommended requiring a school identified for targeted support 

and improvement that does not meet its exit criteria to conduct a needs assessment. 

Discussion: While we encourage States and LEAs to require a needs assessment as a 

prerequisite for all school improvement plans--whether initial or amended--we decline to add 

such a requirement to the final regulations because the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires 

such needs assessments only for schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement.

Changes: None.

State Discretion for Certain High Schools

Comments: Several commenters supported proposed § 200.21(g)(1), under which a State may 

permit differentiated improvement activities as part of comprehensive support and improvement 

plan for certain high schools identified due to low graduation rates. A number of commenters 

recommended various clarifications, including specific terms used in the provision, such as 

“differentiated improvement activities;” the specific schools eligible for differentiated treatment; 

and the extent of the permitted differentiation, including examples of appropriate interventions. 

Another commenter suggested that holding high schools serving significant populations of overage and credit-deficient student accountable for meeting targets based on extended-time 

graduation rates would better serve these schools and their families than a different set of labels 

or interventions. One commenter recommended requiring States to provide a plan for how 

accountability will be maintained in these schools, including the calculation of extended-year 

adjusted cohort graduation rate for up to 7 years. 

Discussion: We appreciate the support of some commenters for proposed § 200.21(g)(1)

permitting differentiated activities in certain high schools identified for comprehensive support 

and improvement, and agree that additional clarity is needed regarding this flexibility. The intent 

of proposed § 200.21(g)(1) was to permit States discretion, consistent with section 

1111(d)(1)(C)(i) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to allow differentiated improvement 

strategies in its comprehensive support and improvement plans for high schools with low 

graduation rates that predominantly serve students (1) returning to education after having exited 

secondary school without a regular high school diploma, or (2) who, based on their grade or age, 

are significantly off track to accumulate sufficient academic credits to meet high school 

graduation requirements, and not to simply forego implementation of improvement activities or 

otherwise reduce accountability in such schools, as is allowed for small high schools under 

proposed § 200.21(g)(2). We also note that LEAs may, and should, create differentiated 

improvement plans for such high schools identified for support and improvement that are based 

on the school’s needs assessment and specifically designed to address identified needs. Other 

comments, such as concern about labels or recommendations for additional improvement plans, 

appear to overlook the fact that these schools are identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement and thus must develop and implement comprehensive support and improvement 

plans, though they may include differentiated improvement activities in such plans. We are 

revising §§ 200.21(d) and (g) to reflect these clarifications.

Changes: We have moved the language regarding differentiated improvement activities in any 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

179

high school identified for comprehensive support and improvement due to a low graduation rate 

that predominantly serves students (1) returning to education after having exited secondary 

school without a regular high school diploma, or (2) who, based on their grade or age, are 

significantly off track to accumulate sufficient academic credits to meet high school graduation 

requirements from § 200.21(g)(1) to 200.21(d)(3)(vi).

Comments: Some commenters supported the provision in § 200.21(g)(2) allowing an SEA to 

exempt a high school that is identified for comprehensive support and improvement based on 

having a low graduation rate from implementing required improvement activities if it has a total 

enrollment of less than 100 students. Several commenters requested clarification about some of 

the terms in § 200.21(g)(2), such as “total enrollment” and “such a school”. A few commenters 

recommended requiring a justification for such exemptions in annual LEA report cards, while 

others called for notifying parents when identified schools do not implement improvement plans. 

Two commenters recommended that the Department clarify in guidance that these LEAs are still 

subject to all other reporting requirements. Other commenters expressed concern about 

permitting such exemptions for extended periods of time or stated that this flexibility is 

inappropriate for certain schools, such as schools that predominantly serve students with 

disabilities or schools serving students in prison or juvenile justice facilities. 

Discussion: We appreciate the support some commenters provided for State discretion for 

certain small high schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement due to low 

graduation rates. We agree that the regulations should be clarified to ensure that this flexibility

is provided only for small schools (with fewer than 100 students enrolled) that are identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement based on having a low graduation rate; small schools 

that are identified for other reasons must develop and implement a comprehensive support and 

improvement plan as required by the statute and regulations. However, we decline to include 

additional reporting and notice requirements in these final regulations, as the continued 

applicability of all reporting requirements in the statute and regulations will provide the 

transparency needed to promote accountability. We also believe that denying this flexibility to

certain small schools, such as schools predominantly serving students with disabilities, would not 

be consistent with the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, though we note that this flexibility may 

not be used to deprive these students of their rights under the IDEA, Section 504, and title II of 

the ADA.

Changes: We have revised § 200.21(g) to clarify that high schools identified for comprehensive 

support and improvement based on low graduation rate with a total enrollment of less than 100 

students are the only high schools permitted to forgo implementation of improvement activities 

required by these regulations. 

Public School Choice

Comments: Several commenters support the requirements in § 200.21(h) regarding public 

school choice, while others asserted that this subsection is not consistent with section 

1111(d)(1)(D) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. One of these commenters objected to 

requiring school districts that that are operating under a Federal desegregation order and wish to 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

180

offer public school choice consistent with § 200.21(h) to obtain court approval for choice 

transfers, based on the belief that choice options should not interfere with the operation of 

desegregation plans. Another commenter objected to what the commenter appeared to believe is 

a requirement to offer public school choice, suggesting that such a requirement would negatively 

impact students that are homeless and/or transferring for a number of other reasons, including 

students that move mid-year and want to attend their new neighborhood school.

Discussion: An LEA is required to “obtain court approval” for transfers if it is unable to 

implement the choice provisions consistent with the desegregation plan, or where the governing 

orders specifically require authorization from the court. The Department anticipates that courts 

and responsible agencies will recognize the benefits of allowing students to transfer from schools 

identified as needing improvement and will grant amendments to desegregation orders 

permitting such transfers where they would not impede desegregation. We disagree with the 

commenter that believes the provision would have a negative impact on mobile students. An 

LEA may, but is not required to provide students with the option to transfer to another public 

school that is not identified for comprehensive improvement and support, and no student would 

be required to seek or accept such a transfer.

Changes: None.

Section 200.23 State responsibilities to support continued improvement

State Review of Available Resources

Comments: Several commenters strongly supported proposed § 200.23(a), which would require 

each State to periodically conduct a resource allocation review in each of its LEAs serving a 

significant number of schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement or targeted 

support and improvement. One commenter observed that resource inequities identified through 

such reviews could contribute to certain LEAs having a disproportionate number of schools 

identified for improvement, and that reducing such inequities could improve achievement for all 

students. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the support of these commenters for the proposed 

regulations and agrees that reducing inequitable resource allocation practices in LEAs and 

schools can help improve student achievement as well as other educational outcomes. Given the 

potential impact of these efforts, we are revising the final regulations to clarify that this periodic 

review considers the same resources that are reviewed by an LEA as part of comprehensive 

support and improvement plans for schools that are so identified. We are also revising the final 

regulations to further clarify that this periodic review considers “resources available” to 

emphasize that the review considers how allocation practices ultimately affect the availability of 

resources among LEAs and schools.

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(a) to require a State to periodically review “resources 

available” in LEAs with a significant number of percentage of schools identified for 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement as compared to all other LEAs in the State, 

and in schools in those LEAs as compared to all other schools in the State, and to clarify that the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

181

resources included in this review must include the same resources an LEA reviews for purposes 

of a comprehensive support and improvement plan.

Comments: One commenter requested that the final regulations clarify the meaning of the term 

“significant number of schools” as used in proposed § 200.23. Another commenter 

recommended that the phrase be revised to read “significant number or percentage of schools” to 

avoid over-identification of large urban districts for additional State support.

Discussion: We decline to provide a more precise definition of the term “significant number of 

schools” because it may vary according to local circumstances, but we agree that adding “or 

percentage” to the term is a helpful clarification and are revising the final regulations 

accordingly.

Changes: We have revised the regulations to replace the term “significant number of schools” 

with the term “significant number or percentage of schools” throughout.

Comments: One commenter recommended requiring such reviews at least once every three 

years, rather than periodically, to encourage alignment of the reviews with needs assessments for 

schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s intention of aligning resource reviews with school 

identification timelines, but decline to make the recommended change in recognition that States 

may need discretion to account for variations in State identification timelines as well as capacity 

to carry out required reviews.

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department provide more specific 

parameters around the resource allocation reviews required by proposed § 200.23(a), including 

the timeline for reviews, disaggregation of expenditures targeted to specific subgroups of 

students, an assessment of student needs, and the inclusion of all districts for comparison 

purposes. Another commenter recommended that in addition to examining resource allocation 

between LEAs and between schools, States also look at resource inequities between grades (e.g., 

between preschool and kindergarten).

Discussion: The Department appreciates commenters’ desire for more granular data and 

information as part of resource reviews, as well as interest in expanding the comparison 

categories, but generally declines to include additional parameters in the final regulations to 

avoid increasing State and local burdens in conducting the reviews. We are, however, revising 

the language in § 200.23(a) to clarify the entities to be used for comparison purposes in the 

review of available resources.

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(a) to specify that each State must, with respect to each 

LEA in the State serving a significant number or percentage of schools identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support and improvement, periodically 

review resources available between such LEAs and all other LEAs in the State and between 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

182

schools in those LEAs and all other schools in the State.

Comments: One commenter recommended revising proposed § 200.23(a) to include a 

requirement that States evaluate schools implementing comprehensive support and improvement 

plans to determine whether such schools are improving more quickly than schools with a 

comparable student population.

Discussion: We believe that adding an evaluation requirement to the resource review 

requirements in the final regulations would impose significant burden on States unrelated to the 

resource reviews required under section 1111(d)(3)(A)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter opposed the resource allocation reviews required by proposed §

200.23(a) because they would require States to review and potentially address teacher 

distribution issues related to disproportionate rates of ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced 

teachers in one or more LEAs or schools. The commenter also believes that the final regulations 

should not define “resources” for the purpose of the resource allocation reviews required by 

section 1111(d)(3)(A)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: States, with respect to each LEA in the State serving a significant number or 

percentage of schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support 

and improvement, will be required to review and take actions to address differences in rates of 

ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers in LEAs and schools by § 299.18(c) of the 

final regulations and section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA; the resource 

reviews merely reinforce these actions by requiring States to periodically review educator data in 

the context of school improvement needs. We also believe that defining a minimum set of 

resources that must be reviewed supports effective State implementation of the required resource 

reviews while also reducing the burden of such reviews by highlighting readily available 

resource data collected in accordance with other requirements under the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter opposed the resource allocation reviews required by proposed §

200.23(a) on grounds that such reviews could lead to SEA efforts to override the authority of 

local school districts over their own budgets. The commenter expressed further concern that 

such SEA actions might not take into account the local context for resource allocation decisions. 

Discussion: The Department believes that the proposed language requiring State actions to 

address resource inequities “to the extent practicable,” which is retained in the final regulations, 

will encourage a collaborative approach by States and LEAs in responding to any identified 

resource inequities.

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

183

Comments: One commenter opposed proposed § 200.23(a) because of what the commenter 

claimed to be the difficulty of disaggregating costs paid for with general categorical funding.

Discussion: The Department recognizes that disaggregating State and local expenditures may be 

challenging, but notes that States and LEAs must report per-pupil expenditures of Federal, State, 

and local funds annually under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(x) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

State Technical Assistance

Comments: One commenter recommended that the final regulations include language 

encouraging States to include in the description of the technical assistance it will provide under 

proposed § 200.23(b) an explanation of how it will work with external partners with expertise in 

identifying or implementing school improvement strategies. The commenter believes that 

external organizations provide a ready resource that can help build State capacity to provide 

effective technical assistance to districts and schools. Another commenter similarly 

recommended the addition of language to proposed § 200.23(b)(3) regarding tools for 

implementing evidence-based interventions, including practices available through the 

Department’s Regional Educational Laboratories and Comprehensive Assistance Centers.

Discussion: The Department agrees that external partners and resources can help States provide 

more effective technical assistance and other support to districts and schools, but declines to 

require or otherwise specify the use of such partners or resources in the final regulations. We 

will take these comments into consideration in developing non-regulatory guidance related to 

State-provided technical assistance.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended revisions to proposed § 200.23(b) encouraging States 

to (1) provide guidance to districts on how to conduct a school-level needs assessment, with an 

emphasis on using assessment results to select evidence-based interventions; (2) promote the use 

of existing evidence-based intervention resources, including the Department’s What Works 

Clearinghouse operated by the IES; and (3) develop a policy framework for sustainable school 

turnaround that includes additional resources, district-level reforms, tiered intervention 

strategies, stakeholder engagement, teacher and principal pipelines, and rigorous evaluation 

activities.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the commenter’s interest in promoting more effective 

State support for school improvement, as well as the potential role of the What Works 

Clearinghouse in expanding the use of evidence-based interventions, but declines to require or 

otherwise specify additional State-level activities in this area in the final regulations. We will 

take these comments into consideration in developing non-regulatory guidance related to Stateprovided technical assistance.

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

184

Comments: One commenter recommended revisions to proposed § 200.23(b) emphasizing that 

sustained school improvement requires (1) that evidence-based interventions selected by LEAs 

and schools are clearly connected to the findings of the needs assessment; (2) continuous 

monitoring of implementation, including through rapid-cycle impact evaluations; and (3) that 

States build the evidence base through piloting of interventions in areas where the evidence base 

is weak or no evidence exists.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the commenter’s interest in promoting stronger State 

support for the use of evidence-based practices but declines to require or otherwise specify 

additional activities in this area in the final regulations. We believe it more appropriate to 

discuss these activities in non-regulatory guidance. We also note that § 200.21(d) requires a 

comprehensive support and improvement plan to include one or more evidence-based 

interventions that are supported, to the extent practicable, by the strongest level of evidence that 

is available and appropriate to meet the needs identified in the needs assessment.

Changes: None.

Additional State Improvement Actions

Comments: One commenter stated that proposed § 200.23(c)(1), which provides examples of 

additional school-level improvement actions that a State may take in LEAs with a significant 

number of schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement that are not meeting 

exit criteria or a significant number of schools identified for targeted support and improvement, 

is inconsistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VI) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which

provides that nothing in the statute authorizes the Secretary, as a condition of approval of the 

State plan, to prescribe any specific school support and improvement strategies for use by States 

or LEAs. Two commenters recommended moving the specified interventions to non-regulatory 

guidance. 

Discussion: The list of interventions in proposed § 200.23(c)(1) is illustrative only, and is 

intended to provide examples of the types of meaningful actions a State may take to initiate 

additional improvement in any LEA, or in any authorized public chartering agency, in a school 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support and improvement that 

has failed to respond to other interventions. For this reason, we believe it is appropriate to 

provide examples of such actions in regulation rather than in non-regulatory guidance. The final 

regulations, like the proposed regulations, do not require a State to take any of these actions and 

thus in no way prescribe any specific LEA or school support or improvement strategies.

Therefore, § 200.23(c)(1)is not inconsistent with section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(VI) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA. We further note that the additional improvement actions contemplated 

by the statue clearly include actions at both the LEA and school levels. Consequently, we are 

revising the final regulations to include examples of LEA-level improvement action (including 

reducing the LEA’s operational or budgetary autonomy; removing one or more schools from the 

jurisdiction of the LEA; or restructuring the LEA, including changing its governance or initiating 

State takeover of the LEA), as well as action a State might take with regard to an authorized 

public chartering agency.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

185

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(c)(1) to include examples of improvement actions a State

may take at the LEA level and examples of improvement actions in an authorized public 

chartering agency.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the final regulations give States flexibility to 

determine the improvement activities to be carried out under proposed § 200.23(c)(1). Another 

commenter recommended removal of the list of interventions in proposed § 200.23(c)(1) because 

it believes that such a list may discourage the use of evidence-based interventions that would 

better address the improvement needs of the school identified through its needs assessment.

Discussion: The list of interventions in proposed § 200.23(c)(1) is intended to provide examples 

of the types of meaningful actions a State may take in a chronically low-performing school that 

has failed to respond to other interventions. The list is illustrative only, and we do not believe it 

will preclude or otherwise discourage States from considering other types of interventions in 

such schools, including evidence-based interventions that respond to schools’ needs assessments.

We are, however, revising the school leadership example to emphasize the importance of 

selecting new leadership with the skills and experience needed to turn around low-performing 

schools. We also are revising § 200.23(c) to clarify that a State may take the specified additional 

school improvement actions only to the extent that they are consistent with State law. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(c) to clarify that the additional improvement actions taken 

by a State must be consistent with State law. We also have revised the replacing school 

leadership example in 200.23(c)(1) to emphasize the importance of replacing school leadership 

with leaders who are trained for, or have a record of, success in low-performing schools. 

Comments: One commenter recommended revising proposed § 200.23(c)(1) to clarify that 

States may take additional improvement actions in LEAs with a significant number of schools 

that are both identified for targeted support and improvement and not meeting exit criteria. The 

commenter believes that, similar to the proposed parameters for LEAs with a significant number 

of schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement, LEAs with schools identified 

for targeted support and improvement should be given time for the schools to improve before 

State intervention may be triggered. Another commenter recommended that schools identified 

for targeted support and improvement not be subject to the interventions specified in proposed §

200.23(c)(1); this commenter believes that schools identified for targeted support and 

improvement that are not meeting exit criteria are addressed adequately by the requirement for 

amended improvement plans in proposed § 200.22(e)(2).

Discussion: We appreciate the first commenter’s desire for consistent treatment of schools 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement and targeted support and improvement 

that may be subject to additional improvement action by the State under § 200.23(c)(1). 

However, the categories of schools to which additional improvement actions apply are specified 

by section 1111(d)(3)(B)(i) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and the Department does not 

have the discretion to modify these categories. Similar considerations apply to the concern 

expressed by the second commenter; schools identified for targeted support and improvement (in 

an LEA with a significant number of such schools) are potentially subject to additional 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

186

improvement action under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, albeit at the discretion of the 

State. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters opposed the language in proposed § 200.23(c)(1) authorizing a 

State to take additional improvement action in any authorized public chartering agency with a 

significant number of schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement that are not 

meeting exit criteria or a significant number of schools identified for targeted support and 

improvement. One commenter asserted that the proposed regulation confused the roles of 

charter authorizers and charter operators, noting that authorizers are limited to monitoring school 

performance and using their non-renewal and charter revocation authority to close lowperforming schools, rather than providing support and intervention to such schools. The same 

commenter warned that the proposed regulation could encourage States to take actions regarding 

charter authorizers that are inconsistent with State charter school law. Another commenter 

emphasized that the statutory provision in section 1111(c)(5) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, which requires ESEA accountability provisions to be implemented for charter schools in 

accordance with State charter school law, together with implementing regulations in proposed §

200.12, are sufficient to ensure strong accountability for public charter schools, and that 

proposed § 200.23(c)(1) would potentially lead to less rigorous accountability actions by 

subjecting low-performing public charter schools to improvement and intervention, rather than 

revocation and closure. This commenter further noted that the proposed regulations could create 

a disincentive for such agencies to serve high-need populations or restart low-performing 

traditional public schools for fear of reaching the “significant number” threshold that might 

trigger State intervention. Another commenter stated that the proposed application of additional 

State improvement actions to authorized public chartering agencies would not be consistent with 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which does not include any accountability provisions for 

such entities in part A of title I. One commenter expressed concern that the proposed regulations

would encourage authorizing agencies to revoke the charters of any identified charter school in 

an LEA serving a significant number of identified schools, a decision that might not always be 

the best approach or consistent with the requirements of an individual charter.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the concerns expressed by these commenters, but 

continues to believe that authorized public chartering agencies should, consistent with State 

charter school law, be subject to the same improvement actions as similarly performing LEAs. 

However, we are revising the final regulations to emphasize that such actions must respect the 

unique status and structure of charter school arrangements under State charter school law.

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(c)(1) to clarify that any action to revoke or non-renew a 

school’s charter must be taken in coordination with the applicable authorized public chartering 

agency and be consistent with the terms of the school’s charter.

Comments: One commenter expressed concern that the language in proposed § 200.23(c)(1) 

regarding the revocation or non-renewal of a charter school’s charter could be read as 

authorizing a closure of a charter school that would not be consistent with the school’s charter. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

187

The commenter noted that, for example, the school’s charter might call instead for restarting the 

schools under new governance or hiring a new charter school operator. For this reason the 

commenter recommended revised language emphasizing that any State-determined intervention 

under proposed § 200.23(c)(1) must be consistent with both the terms of the school’s charter and 

State charter school law.

Discussion: We agree with the commenter’s recommendation, and are revising the final 

regulations to clarify that any State-determined action in a charter school under § 200.23(c)(1) 

must respect the unique status and structure of charter school arrangements under both State 

charter school law and the terms of the school’s charter.

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(c)(1) to clarify that any action to revoke or non-renew a 

school’s charter must be taken in coordination with the applicable authorized public chartering 

agency and be consistent with both State charter school law and the terms of the school’s charter.

Comments: One commenter recommended the addition of expanded learning time strategies to 

the list of school-level improvement actions in proposed § 200.23(c)(1).

Discussion: We recognize that the use of expanded learning time strategies may be an 

important component of a school improvement plan but decline to make additions to the list of 

actions in § 200.23(c)(1), which is intended to be illustrative only and does not constrain a State 

from taking other actions such as those recommended by the commenter. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Three commenters opposed the provision in proposed § 200.23(c)(2) permitting a 

State to establish an exhaustive list of State-approved, evidenced-based interventions for use in 

schools implementing comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support and 

improvement plans. Two of these commenters stated that this provision would limit local 

innovation in identifying and implementing evidence-based interventions, and noted that there is 

no statutory basis for limiting the evidence-based interventions available to an LEA. These 

commenters did not oppose a non-exhaustive list of State-approved, evidence-based 

interventions, but maintained that districts should be permitted to select and implement evidencebased interventions without restriction. One commenter supported what it described as the 

flexibility for States to establish exhaustive or non-exhaustive lists of evidence-based 

interventions for use in identified schools. Another commenter stated that the terms 

“exhaustive” and “non-exhaustive” could be confusing to stakeholders; for example, an 

“exhaustive” list could suggest either a complete compilation of all evidence-based interventions 

or an exclusive list of State-approved interventions that must be used by districts and schools. 

This commenter also encouraged the Department to clarify whether a State may adopt existing 

lists of evidence-based interventions rather than develop their own lists.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the concerns expressed by these commenters, but 

continues to believe that States should have the discretion to establish (or adopt) and approve an 

exhaustive list (i.e., from which an LEA must choose) or a non-exhaustive list (i.e., from which

an LEA may choose) of interventions for use in schools implementing comprehensive or targeted 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

188

support and improvement. This is not contrary to the ESEA or other regulatory requirements 

because it is permissible for States to create any such list and still requires that each identified 

school implement evidence-based interventions, consistent with the definition of evidence-based

in title VIII of the ESEA.

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department specify the inclusion of 

community schools and extended learning opportunities in State lists of evidence-based practices 

under proposed §§ 200.23(c)(2) and (3). Another commenter requested that the Department 

highlight dropout prevention and recovery strategies, while a third commenter recommended the 

addition of school leadership programs and interventions as examples of evidence-based Statedetermined interventions in the final regulations.

Discussion: We decline to add specific categories of possible evidence-based interventions or 

strategies to the final regulations beyond the broad category of “whole-school reform models.” 

The purpose of the regulations in this area is to describe how States may create their own lists of 

evidence-based interventions or develop their own evidence-based interventions, and not to 

require or promote specific practices.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended a range of changes to proposed § 200.23(c) aimed at 

supporting more effective use of evidence-based interventions, including requiring States to 

provide more information on the evidence associated with each State-approved intervention;

periodic updates of State-approved lists of evidence-based interventions; and State-sponsored, 

rigorously evaluated pilots of interventions in areas for which there is no evidence base.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the commenter’s interest in promoting more effective 

use of evidence-based practices but declines to require or otherwise specify additional State-level 

activities in this area in the final regulations. We believe such activities may be addressed more 

appropriately, taking into account varying needs and capacities across States, through nonregulatory guidance.26

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended replacing the term “intervention” with “strategies” 

when referring to whole-school improvement strategies in proposed § 200.23(c)(3).

Discussion: We believe these terms are largely interchangeable in the school improvement 

context and decline to make the recommended change.

 

26 See: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/guidanceuseseinvestment.pdf 

Non-Regulatory Guidance: Using Evidence to Strengthen Education Investments
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

189

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended revisions to proposed § 200.23 that would require 

that additional improvement actions, if taken by a State, in schools where students receive 

instruction primarily through a Native American language, including any State-approved 

evidence-based interventions and any State-determined, school-level improvement actions, be 

based on research in schools where the Native American language is the primary medium of 

education, be conducted in the school’s particular Native American language of instruction, and 

not limit the preservation or use of Native American languages and their distinctive features.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the concerns of the commenter that any additional State 

improvement actions taken in a Native American language medium school reflect and respect the 

importance of the language of instruction in such schools. Although we agree that States should 

not take improvement action without taking into account the unique nature and characteristics of 

Native American language medium schools, we decline to add specific requirements for such 

schools to the final regulations. The regulations provide sufficient flexibility for States to take 

into consideration multiple factors. We also note that during the required State consultation with 

local tribes prior to submitting the State plan (see § 299.15), local tribes can provide input 

regarding these issues, and we hope that the State, LEA and local tribes will work together 

towards the best interests of the affected students. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter observed that the provisions regarding State-determined 

interventions and State-approved lists of evidence-based interventions in proposed § 200.23(c) 

appear inconsistent with other provisions in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, emphasizing 

local discretion to develop and implement improvement plans in schools identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support and improvement.

Discussion: The final regulations, like the proposed regulations, reflect the additional actions 

that States may take under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to support meaningful and 

effective school improvement, particularly in LEAs with significant numbers of identified 

schools, including schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement that are not 

meeting exit criteria. Section 1111(d)(3) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, recognizes that

in such circumstances, local discretion over school improvement may not be working and thus it 

may be appropriate for a State to take a stronger role. Further, section 1111(d)(3)(B)(ii) 

specifically permits a State to establish alternative evidence-based, State-determined strategies 

that can be used in schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement, consistent 

with State law. The regulations give States flexibility to “establish” such strategies or 

interventions either by creating lists of State-approved, evidence-based interventions or by 

developing their own State-determined interventions. We are revising § 200.23(c)(3) to clarify 

the difference between these two approaches and to include the statutory authority for Statedetermined interventions. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(c)(3) to clarify that this provision permits States to develop 

their own evidence-based interventions and to reference the authority for such action in section 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

190

1111(d)(3)(B)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Comments: None.

Discussion: Proposed § 200.23(c)(4) allowed a State to request that LEAs submit to the State for 

review and approval the amended targeted support and improvement plan required for each 

school in the LEA that is identified for targeted support and improvement and not meeting exit 

criteria over an LEA-determined number of years. After further consideration, we determined 

that this language was confusing. If a State chooses to conduct this review, we believe the State 

should be able to require an LEA to submit an amended plan for review and approval.

Changes: We have revised § 200.23(c)(4) to permit a State to require, rather than request, that an 

LEA submit to the State for review and approval the amended targeted support and improvement 

plan for each school that is required to develop such a plan under 200.22(e)(2)(i).

Section 200.24 Resources to support continued improvement

LEA Application

Comments: Several commenters expressed support for the LEA application requirements in 

proposed § 200.24(b). One commenter supported the requirement for an assurance that each 

school an LEA proposes to serve with section 1003 school improvement funds will receive all of 

the State and local funds it would have otherwise received; this commenter also requested 

clarification on accountability regarding the use of funds awarded under section 1003. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the commenters’ support of the requirements for LEA 

applications for school improvement funds. We believe any further clarification on 

accountability regarding the use of funds under section 1003 is more appropriate for nonregulatory guidance or technical assistance.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters expressed confusion regarding proposed § 200.24(b)(1)-(2), and 

asked the Department to clarify that an LEA would not have to determine the interventions it will 

implement in a school before conducting a needs assessment and developing a plan on the basis 

of that assessment. 

Discussion: In order to submit an application that meets all requirements, an LEA will have to 

conduct its needs assessment and determine the evidence-based interventions that best address 

the needs identified before submitting its application. We acknowledge that, depending on the 

timing of a State’s process for awarding section 1003 funds, it could be difficult for an LEA to 

complete the necessary processes prior to submitting its application. Given the various timelines 

and procedures in place in different States, however, we decline to modify the regulations to 

dictate a specific timeline for allocating section 1003 funds. States should consider the general 

school improvement requirements, including the requirements to complete a needs assessment 

and identify evidence-based interventions based on that assessment, and the application process
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

191

and timeline for funds under section 1003. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended revisions to the LEA application provisions 

in the proposed regulations, including requiring to describe that each school will implement one 

or more evidence-based interventions based on strong, moderate, or promising evidence;

requiring a demonstration that selected interventions address the results of the school’s needs 

assessment; requiring that interventions are based on the strongest evidence available; and 

requiring a description of how the LEA will conduct the needs assessment; and requiring a 

description of the qualifications of any external partners. 

Discussion: We believe the application requirements in § 200.24(b), combined with the separate 

but related requirements for comprehensive support and improvement plans in § 200.21, largely 

address the concerns of commenters while also striking the right balance between ensuring 

appropriate accountability for the effective use of section 1003 funds and recognizing State and 

local discretion in developing school improvement processes that address local needs and 

circumstances. Consequently, we decline to include additional application requirements in these 

final regulations. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that we require a description of the rigorous review 

process an LEA will use for all external service providers, not just those with which the LEA 

will partner for school improvement activities. This commenter further recommended that LEAs 

include in their applications information on their timelines and metrics for evaluating external

providers, and that the regulations permit pay-for-performance contracts with external providers.

Discussion: We believe it is beyond the scope of § 200.24 to expand the requirements for review 

of external providers to cover all external providers, and not just those supporting school 

improvement projects funded through section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We 

further believe that other requirements related to external providers proposed by commenters, 

including the use of pay-for-performance contracts, are best left to the discretion of States and 

LEAs, most of which already have similar requirements in place based on their experience in 

implementing the supplemental educational services requirements of the ESEA, as amended by 

the NCLB. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the regulations require a rigorous review process of 

the interventions to be implemented rather than of the external provider that may help carry out 

the activities. Another commenter suggested that the LEA’s application should describe how it 

will support schools in the continuous monitoring, implementation, and evaluation of 

interventions to ensure that any necessary adjustments are made in a timely fashion.

Discussion: Under § 200.24(d)(1)(iii), States must evaluate the use of funds under section 1003, 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

192

including the impact of evidence-based interventions on student outcomes or other related 

outcomes and must disseminate the results of these efforts. Additionally, in the LEA application, 

an LEA must describe its plan to monitor each school for which the LEA receives school 

improvement funds, which may include reviewing both the implementation and impact of the 

selected interventions. Given these requirements, the Department declines to make any changes 

in response to these comments. 

Changes: None. 

Allocation of School Improvement Funds to LEAs

Comments: Several commenters requested that the Department clarify that a State may 

distribute school improvement funds through a combination of formula and competitive grants. 

Another commenter, however, recommended that funding for school improvement be based on a 

formula designed with input from stakeholders, rather than through a competitive process.

Discussion: Section 1003(b)(1)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, expressly permits 

States to make school improvement grants to LEAs on a formula or competitive basis. 

Accordingly, there is no need for the regulations to clarify that school improvement funds may 

be distributed through a combination of formula and competitive grants, and the Department 

lacks the authority to remove this statutory flexibility. For States that elect to distribute school 

improvement funds solely through a formula, nothing in the statute or the final regulations 

prohibits them from seeking stakeholder input on that formula. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A couple of commenters requested that the Department clarify whether the proposed 

minimum grant size in § 200.24(c)(2)(ii) is annual or cumulative for schools identified for 

comprehensive and targeted support and improvement. 

Discussion: The recommended minimum grant sizes of $500,000 and $50,000 in the regulations 

for each school identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement, respectively, 

are annual. The Department does not believe that additional regulatory language is needed to 

clarify this point. We note, however, that while these are the recommended grant sizes, the 

general requirement is for States to make awards of sufficient size to help LEAs effectively 

implement all requirements of a support and improvement plan developed under § 200.21 or § 

200.22 of the final regulations, including selected evidence-based interventions. 

Changes: None. 

Comments: A number of commenters provided feedback on the proposed minimum grant sizes 

for comprehensive and targeted support schools in § 200.24(c)(2)(ii). Many of these 

commenters opposed the proposed minimum grant size, or any specific minimum grant size, 

noting that the Department should leave it to the States to decide the size of the grant. Those 

commenters stated that the proposed minimum grant sizes in the regulations are arbitrary, reduce 

flexibility, result in inefficiency, and do not take into account student populations or the unique 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

193

needs of each school.

Several commenters stated that the minimum grant sizes are inconsistent with the 

statutory provisions allowing the State to establish the method to allocate the funds and requiring

the grants to be of sufficient size to enable an LEA to effectively implement improvement 

activities. One commenter stated that the minimum grant size requirement assumes that 

additional funding is the key to successful school improvement, while other commenters 

suggested that many low-performing or rural schools may struggle to spend such significant 

amounts of funding.

Several commenters also noted that for some States, requiring awards of at least

$500,000 to schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement would make it 

impossible to serve all such schools, or to make any awards to schools identified for targeted 

support and improvement. On the other hand, one commenter suggested that the proposed 

$50,000 minimum award for targeted support and improvement schools might not be sufficient 

to prevent such schools from ultimately becoming comprehensive support and improvement 

schools. Another commenter recommended different minimum award sizes, suggesting $30,000 

for targeted support schools and $100,000 for comprehensive support schools, and suggested that 

rather than requiring the LEA’s application demonstrate that a smaller award is appropriate, that 

the LEA’s application must demonstrate that a larger award is appropriate. A few commenters 

also opposed requiring LEAs to justify awards below the proposed minimum award sizes. 

Finally, several commenters recommended alternatives to regulating minimum grant 

sizes, including allowing States to propose their own minimum grant sizes or to simply base 

award sizes on such factors as the school size, the needs of students, and the interventions to be 

implemented.

Discussion: The minimum grant sizes required for school improvement awards under section 

1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, are not intended to limit States and LEAs from 

recognizing differences among schools, but rather to ensure that the grants LEAs receive to 

support schools identified for comprehensive and targeted support and improvement are of 

sufficient size to support effective implementation of evidence-based interventions and improve 

student outcomes. For example, the much higher minimum grant size for comprehensive support 

schools is intended to support the broad, fundamental, whole-school reforms that are consistent 

with both the purpose and requirements of comprehensive support and improvement plans under 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. The statute and regulations recognize diversity among 

schools by requiring each State to give priority in awarding funds to LEAs with the greatest need 

for such funds and the strongest commitment to using funds to improve student outcomes--

priorities that permit States to take into account such factors as school size, student needs, and 

selected interventions when making section 1003 awards that exceed minimum grant sizes. We 

also believe that because the regulations already include flexibility for States to make smaller 

grants, there is no need to either modify the proposed minimum grant sizes or create alternative 

methods that States might use to determine section 1003 grant sizes. For these reasons, we are 

retaining minimum award sizes for section 1003 grants in the final regulations. However, we are 

revising the regulations to specifically incorporate some of the factors suggested by commenters 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

194

that may justify awards below the $500,000 and $50,000 minimum grant sizes.

Changes: We have revised § 200.24(c)(2)(ii) to clarify that the characteristics a State must 

consider in choosing to award a grant that is less than the minimum grant size include 

enrollment, identified needs, selected evidence-based interventions, and other relevant factors 

described in the LEA’s application on behalf of the school. 

Comments: One commenter stated that, provided there is not an increase in title I funding and in 

the absence of a “hold harmless” provision for the school improvement fund set-aside taken by 

the SEA, many LEAs may actually see a decrease in the amount of funds they receive for school 

improvement. The commenter advocated for the use of all school improvement funds at the 

local level, rather than the SEA level, and recommended that all minimum grant sizes be 

removed so States can make adjustments to award sizes based on title I appropriations.

Discussion: This commenter appears to be concerned that in some cases, the larger State-level 

school improvement reservation required by section 1003(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, could reduce an LEA’s regular title I, part A allocation below the amount it received in 

the prior year. Further, the commenter appears to recommend that some portion of section 1003 

funds (including the State share of school improvement funding), rather than being used to 

support school improvement, should be used to compensate or “restore” regular LEA title I, part 

A allocations. This recommendation is wholly inconsistent with the requirements of the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, which requires section 1003 funds to be used solely for school 

improvement activities, and not to supplement regular title I, part A allocations.

Changes: None.

State Responsibilities: Greatest Need and Strongest Commitment; Requirement to 

Evaluate Efforts; Renewing Grants

Comments: A few commenters recommended that the Department eliminate proposed § 

200.24(c)(4)(i), which requires that a State award funds to LEAs to serve schools identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement ahead of those identified for targeted support and 

improvement. Some of these commenters noted that section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, does not distinguish between comprehensive and targeted support and improvement 

schools. Another commenter stated that the requirement to serve schools identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement before schools identified for targeted support and 

improvement unduly limits States’ and LEAs’ ability to allocate resources to best meet the needs 

of their schools. Several commenters stated that LEAs should determine which comprehensive 

or targeted support and improvement schools receive funding when there are insufficient funds 

to award a grant of sufficient size to each LEA that submits an approvable application. 

Commenters were particularly concerned that, under the proposed regulations, no targeted 

support and improvement schools would ever receive funding due to the minimum grant award 

requirements. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the commenters’ concern that schools identified for 

targeted support and improvement may not always receive funding under section 1003 of the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

195

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. However, section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, requires States to identify schools with the greatest need. We believe that schools 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement are the schools with the greatest need 

because they are the lowest-performing schools in the State. Although we strongly agree that 

schools with low-performing and consistently underperforming subgroups need additional 

support, including additional fiscal resources to do so, we recognize that resources under section 

1003 are limited and are therefore requiring that States focus those funds on the lowest 

performing schools overall. While LEAs have the discretion to determine which comprehensive 

support and improvement schools they serve first, it would be inconsistent with the statute to 

serve targeted support schools first.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter stated that States should take into account the size and 

characteristics of the student population that will be served, in addition to “greatest need.” 

Discussion: Although the Department declines to make any changes in response to this 

comment, the required factors in proposed § 200.24(c)(4)(ii) are minimum requirements. Thus, a

State may include additional factors when determining greatest need, such as the characteristics 

of the student population, to the extent they are consistent with the statute and regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that States give preference to LEAs that have (1) 

invested their own resources in school improvement, (2) selected evidence-based interventions 

that best address their needs assessments, (3) plans to monitor and evaluate programs to promote 

continuous improvement, and (4) demonstrated a commitment to using evidence.

Discussion: We believe most of the factors recommended as priorities by the commenter reflect 

existing requirements for improvement plans under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

thus would not support meaningful differentiation among applicants. The exception, which is 

the extent to which an LEA has invested its own resources in school improvement, potentially 

excludes many high-poverty LEAs with few resources of their own but great need for additional 

school improvement funding. Consequently, we decline to modify the priorities included in the 

final regulation, though we note that States may include additional factors beyond those in 

proposed § 200.24(c)(4), to the extent that they are consistent with the statute and regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters stated that the regulations establishing the factors a State must 

consider in determining which LEAs demonstrate the “greatest need” for school improvement 

funds and the “strongest commitment” to use those funds to improve academic achievement and 

student outcomes in the lowest-performing schools exceed the Department’s authority, or impose 

an unnecessary burden on SEAs or LEAs. These commenters stated that these determinations 

should be left to States, and suggested including the factors listed in the regulations as examples, 

rather than requirements, of how a State might make these determinations. A couple of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

196

commenters opposed particular factors for consideration, including resource allocation among 

LEAs and current academic achievement, with a couple of these commenters asserting that the

requirement to look at resource allocation is contrary to the statute. One of these commenters

also asserted that, through these regulations, the Department was attempting to influence the 

allocation of State and local funds, which the commenter believed to be prohibited by section

8527(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Discussion: We disagree with the comments asserting that these regulations exceed the 

Department’s authority. Section 1003(f) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires a 

State, in allocating section 1003 school improvement funds, to give priority to LEAs that 

“demonstrate the greatest need for such funds, as determined by the State” and that “demonstrate 

the strongest commitment to using [such] funds ... to enable the lowest-performing schools to 

improve student achievement and student outcomes.” The statute, however, does not clearly 

define the terms “greatest need” or “strongest commitment.” We believe the regulations are 

necessary to clarify the statutory terms and to ensure that States meet these statutory 

requirements in a way that advances the purpose of section 1111(d)(1) and (2) as well as the 

overall purpose of title I--to improve student outcomes and close educational achievement gaps. 

As such, we believe these requirements fall squarely within the scope of title I, part A of the 

statute as well as the Secretary’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, and section 

1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and do not violate section 1111(e) (see 

discussion of the Department’s rulemaking authority under the heading Cross-Cutting Issues). 

Further, we believe that the requirements strike the proper balance between ensuring compliance 

with these key provisions of the statute while maintaining States’ authority to make 

determinations regarding the award of school improvement funds. We do not agree with 

commenters that these requirements add new or unnecessary burden to States and LEAs because 

States and LEAs must meet these requirements; the regulations clarify how they must do so.

Further, we disagree that the requirements in § 200.24(c)(4)(ii) violate section 8527 of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. That provision states that nothing in the ESEA authorizes 

an officer or employee of the Federal Government “to mandate, direct, or control” a State, LEA, 

or school’s allocation of State or local resources. As the requirements in § 200.24(c)(4)(ii) 

simply establish the factors a State must consider in determining how to prioritize awards of 

Federal school improvement funds, it in no way “mandates, directs, or controls” the allocation of 

State or local resources. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters supported the requirement that a State consider, in determining 

strongest commitment, the proposed use of evidence-based interventions supported by the 

strongest level of evidence. One commenter recommended giving priority to an LEA that 

maximizes the use of evidence-based interventions in all appropriate aspects of its improvement 

plan, while another commenter recommended that the State consider the degree to which the 

LEA maximizes the use of evidence-based interventions supported by evidence that is both 

rigorous and relevant to the problems to be addressed. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

197

Discussion: We agree with commenters that it is not only the rigor of the evidence supporting 

interventions that should be considered, but also whether the interventions to be implemented 

address the full scope of problems to be addressed. Thus, we are revising § 200.24(c)(4)(iii)(A) 

to require that a State consider, in determining strongest commitment, the proposed use of 

evidence-based interventions and whether they are sufficient to support the school in making 

progress toward meeting the exit criteria under §§ 200.21 or 200.22.

Changes: We have revised § 200.24(c)(4)(iii)(A) to require that a State consider, in determining 

strongest commitment, not only the proposed use of evidence-based interventions that are 

supported by the strongest level of evidence available, but also whether the evidence-based 

interventions are sufficient to support the school in making progress toward meeting exit criteria 

under §§ 200.21 or 200.22.

Comments: One commenter opposed § 200.24(c)(4)(iii)(A) , asserting that this provision 

requires levels of evidence not required by the statute and which may impose financial burdens 

on LEAs that must conduct their own studies to meet the required evidence levels. 

Discussion: Section 200.24(c)(4)(iii)(A) is consistent with section 8101(21)(B) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which requires that the activities and strategies funded under section 

1003 of the ESEA meet the requirements for strong, moderate, or promising evidence under 

section 8101(21)(A). Further, the regulations do not limit the award of section 1003 funds to an 

applicant implementing interventions at a specific evidence level, nor do they require LEAs to 

expend their own funds to conduct studies. States may support LEAs in conducting or reviewing 

existing studies, and States and LEAs may use existing sources of studies, including the What 

Works Clearinghouse.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters supported the inclusion of family and community engagement 

in the proposed regulations as a factor a State must consider in determining strongest 

commitment. One commenter also encouraged a greater allocation of resources for family and 

community engagement.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the support of commenters for this provision. We note 

that LEAs have the flexibility to spend as much as is reasonable and necessary for family and 

community engagement under section 1003, and thus, decline to address this issue in the final 

regulations. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the regulations include a commitment to delivering a 

well-rounded education for all students in proposed § 200.24(c)(4)(iii) as a factor to be 

considered in determining strongest commitment.

Discussion: The Department agrees that access to a well-rounded education is a key goal 

supported by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, but notes that an emphasis on a well-rounded 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

198

education may not be consistent with the requirements of comprehensive and targeted support 

and improvement plans, which generally must focus on the specific academic needs of students 

that led to identification. For this reason, we decline to make changes in response to this 

comment.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department strike or clarify the requirement in § 

200.24(d)(2)(ii) that if a State, using funds under section 1003, directly provides for school 

improvement activities or arranges for their provision through an external provider that such a 

provider have a “record of success.” 

Discussion: We believe it is essential that a State directly providing these services through an 

external provider ensure that such a provider has a record of success in helping LEAs and 

schools. We also believe that each State should have flexibility in determining whether a 

provider has a record of success, the criteria for which may vary depending on the services and 

assistance that the provider will offer, and decline to constrain this flexibility through any 

changes to the final regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters supported the focus in § 200.24(d) on the evaluation and 

dissemination of findings on the impact of evidence-based interventions funded with section 

1003 funds. Several commenters encouraged the Department to expand this evaluation 

requirement to include studying the implementation of the evidence-based interventions, not just 

the impact of such interventions. Another commenter recommended revising proposed §

200.24(d)(1)(iii) to require that States disseminate results of their evaluation efforts not only to 

LEAs with schools identified under § 200.19, but also to all LEAs in the State.

Discussion: The Department appreciates commenters’ support of the evaluation and 

dissemination provisions for evidence-based interventions funded by section 1003. These 

provisions are intended to strike a balance between the need to build the evidence base on school 

improvement interventions and the recognition that many States may have limited resources and 

capacity to carry out such work; consequently, we decline to add to these requirements.

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters objected to the regulations making annual renewal of section 

1003 school improvement awards contingent on a determination that a funded school is making 

progress on a State’s goals and indicators. One commenter suggested clarifying the definition of 

“progress” by looking at data from the School Improvement Grants program, while another 

recommended the addition of examples of leading indicators that might be used to demonstrate 

progress.

Discussion: The Department appreciates these comments and understands that the process of 

improvement in a low-performing school can take several years and requires a plan for 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

199

sustainability, consistent with the statutory acknowledgement that schools may need a grant for 

up to four years. Under the statute and regulations, the State defines the long-term goals and 

measurements of progress and determines how much progress is sufficient to support renewing 

an LEA’s school improvement grant. For example, the State could set growth goals on the 

indicator or measure that resulted in the schools’ identification, either for the all students group 

or particular subgroups. We believe this flexibility, in combination with the regulations, strikes 

the right balance between providing appropriate support for school improvement efforts and 

ensuring accountability for the effective expenditure of taxpayer funds. Therefore, the 

Department declines to make changes in response to these comments, and believes that any 

further clarification would be provided more appropriately through non-regulatory guidance.

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: In reviewing the proposed regulations, the Department believes it is helpful to 

clarify what States will be required to submit in their title I State plans under section 1111 of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to ensure that States are fulfilling their responsibilities under § 

200.24(d). While proposed § 200.12 required that each State plan must include information 

about the State’s process for ensuring development and implementation of school improvement 

plans consistent with the requirements of § 200.24, it will be more helpful for States if greater 

specificity regarding the required information is described in § 200.24. As § 200.24(d) includes 

five specific State responsibilities regarding funds under section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, we are revising the final regulations to specify that a State must describe how it 

will fulfill these responsibilities in its State plan. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.24(d) to clarify that a State must describe how it will meet the 

requirements pertaining to State responsibilities for funds under section 1003 of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA.

Eligibility for School Improvement Funds

Comments: One commenter stated that before the passage of the ESSA, States were able to 

identify schools for supports if they were title I eligible. However, the commenter stated that 

under the proposed regulations, States are no longer afforded that option. Similarly, another 

commenter stated that the regulations are not clear that any school identified for comprehensive 

or targeted support and improvement is eligible for school improvement funding, regardless of 

title I status. This commenter recommended including language in the regulations stating that 

any school that is identified for comprehensive or targeted support under section 1111(d) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, should be eligible for funding under section 1003(a), 

regardless of whether such school participates, or is eligible to participate, under title I.

Discussion: The relationship between title I status and eligibility for school improvement 

support has changed under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and section 1003(b)(1)(A) of 

the ESEA is requires that any school that is identified for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement is eligible for school improvement funding under section 1003. Section 200.19 of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

200

the regulations clearly identifies which schools must be identified for comprehensive or targeted 

support and improvement, clarifying which categories of schools include title I and non-title I 

schools. Section 200.24(a) reiterates the statutory requirement that any schools meeting the 

statutory definition of comprehensive or targeted support and improvement are eligible for funds 

under section 1003. Therefore, we decline to add additional regulatory language to § 200.24 to 

this point. 

Changes: None.

Other Reporting Requirements

Comments: A few commenters recommended that each State make publicly available on its 

State report card a list of LEAs and schools eligible for school improvement funds that did not 

receive them, due to insufficient funds at the State level.

Discussion: While the information requested by commenters is available on State report cards 

(which must include all schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement--and thus eligible for school improvement funding--and those receiving school 

improvement funds), insufficient funding is not the only reason that some eligible schools might 

not receive funding. Any State that implements the statutory priorities for targeting school 

improvement funds, ensures that each grant is of sufficient size to support full and effective 

implementation of the evidence-based interventions selected by each grantee, and generally 

adheres to minimum grant size requirements is unlikely to have sufficient resources under 

section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to award a grant to each LEA such that 

every identified school receives funding. In addition, not every LEA with one or more eligible 

schools is likely to apply for section 1003 funds, particularly if the State implements a rigorous 

application process consistent with the requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

applicable regulations.

Changes: None.

Specific Uses of School Improvement Funds 

Comments: Several commenters asked the Department to clarify that specific uses of funds are 

permissible under section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including: expansion of 

access to high-quality, developmentally appropriate early education; the creation of new charter 

schools to serve students enrolled in schools identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement, and other students in the local community and low-performing schools; and 

summer learning and enrichment activities.

Discussion: The use of funds provided under section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, generally is governed by the requirements for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement plans in §§ 200.21 and 200.22, as well as the evidence requirements in section 

8101(21)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Consequently, the uses of funds proposed 

by the commenters would be allowable only as part of such improvement plans, thus it would be 

potentially misleading and inconsistent with the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to specify 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

201

particular uses of section 1003 funds outside of those plans. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department specify that Parent Training and 

Information Centers may be used as a resource for improvement activities.

Discussion: The Department believes that it would be more appropriate to identify the wide 

range of resources that States and LEAs could enlist in support of school improvement activities, 

including Parent Training and Information Centers, through non-regulatory guidance and other 

technical assistance than in these final regulations.

Changes: None.

Other Comments on School Improvement Funds

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department clarify whether several schools could 

share a single allocation of funds for comprehensive and targeted support and improvement if 

they have similar challenges and are willing to undertake collaborative projects to develop and 

implement intervention strategies. Similarly, another commenter requested allowing States to 

combine school-level allocations in a zone-approach to managing turnaround of two or more 

schools identified for improvement.

Discussion: The Department appreciates these comments and the creative approaches to 

effectively use limited funds. However, the Department’s interpretation of section 1003 of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, is that a district must apply for funds on behalf of one or more

specific schools to ensure that each application meets all of the requirements with respect to that 

school. Even though each application must be separate, schools and LEAs may choose to 

collaborate as they complete the applications and may determine that it is appropriate in some 

cases to share certain resources as they implement their interventions such as, for example,

technical assistance providers, professional development resources, or instructional coaches. For 

these reasons, the Department declines to make any changes in response to these comments.

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter expressed general opposition to the reporting requirements in 

proposed § 200.24(e) and recommended removing them because they generally opposed data 

collection and reporting.

Discussion: Subsection 200.24(e) merely incorporates into regulation the reporting requirements 

related to section 1003 funds found in section 1111(h)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended adding a new provision to proposed § 200.24 that 

would require each State and LEA involved in the allocation of funds under section 1003(a) of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

202

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to assure that LEA applications on behalf of schools, 

including charter schools, serving students primarily instructed through a Native Language 

instruction program include provisions that improvement support will be in the Native American 

language. The commenter also recommended that the LEA assure the selected interventions: (1)

include evidence-based interventions that are conducted through a Native American language 

and which are based on evidence that was obtained through research in a school conducted 

primarily through a Native American language; (2) do not limit the preservation or use of Native 

American languages; and (3) are specific to the specific Native American language of instruction 

and its distinctive features. Finally, the commenter recommended that the State and LEA assure 

that external partners of an LEA include staff fully proficient in the Native American language 

used in the school receiving support. 

Discussion: The Department believes that the existing requirements for school improvement 

plans, including such elements as the needs assessment required for comprehensive support and 

improvement schools, stakeholder consultation requirements, and the selection of evidencebased interventions are sufficient to address the concerns of the commenter. For example, one 

consideration in selecting appropriate evidence-based interventions is determining whether the 

research supporting the effectiveness of the intervention was collected based on a population that

overlaps with the population of students to be served in the identified school. For these reasons, 

the Department declines to make any changes in response to this comment.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter asked that the Department clarify that the term “intervention” is a 

reference to schoolwide improvement strategies for improving student outcomes, rather than 

individual-level student interventions. 

Discussion: We believe that the term “intervention” reasonably means different things in 

different contexts. While “intervention” could refer to a whole-school reform strategy, it also 

could mean an activity focused on addressing a particular academic need for a low-performing 

subgroup or, in some cases, individual student-level interventions.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested that the Department add “scheduling” to the list of 

operational flexibilities in proposed §§ 200.24(b)(7) and 200.24(d)(1)(v)that an SEA or LEA 

consider providing to support full and effective implementation of comprehensive and targeted 

support and improvement plans. This commenter stated that this addition is necessary to ensure 

that principals have autonomy to make critical school-level decisions regarding not only staffing

and budgets, but also scheduling. In addition, this commenter recommended adding to proposed 

§ 200.24(b)(8) an assurance that the new principal, if applicable, will be identified on a timeline 

that allows for meaningful participation in the planning activities so that new principals have 

sufficient time to plan before the school year begins. 

Discussion: We agree with the commenter that there may be other areas of operational 

flexibility beyond budgeting and staffing, including scheduling, that States or LEAs should 

consider providing, as appropriate, to ensure full and effective implementation of school 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

203

improvement plans. However, we believe that States and LEAs are best positioned to determine 

which areas of operational flexibility should be considered, and decline to add any further 

examples beyond those already included in the non-exhaustive list in the regulations.

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter recommended requiring States to provide some type of support to 

targeted support and improvement schools that do not receive section 1003 funds.

Discussion: We agree that States should provide technical assistance and other support to all 

identified schools, including schools that do not benefit from section 1003 funds, and we note 

that States may use their 5 percent State-level set-aside under section 1003 for this purpose. 

However, we decline to require such support in the final regulations because it could conflict 

with other provisions in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, such as the requirement that States 

prioritize school improvement technical assistance and related support to LEAs with significant 

numbers or percentages of identified schools.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter stated that the way funding is allocated to support school 

improvement is unnecessary and extremely time consuming to document.

Discussion: The requirements and procedures for awarding section 1003 school improvement 

funds are closely tied to the requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and are 

designed to both ensure that school improvement funds are used effectively to support improved 

student outcomes in identified schools and to ensure appropriate accountability for taxpayerprovided funds. However, we appreciate that the term “allocate” may imply that States should 

provide detailed documentation about their fiscal allocation process; therefore, we are revising § 

200.24(d)(1)(i) to clarify that the State must describe, in its State plan, its process to award grants 

to LEAs.

Changes: We have revised § 200.24(d)(1)(i) to clarify that each State must describe, in its State 

plan under section 1111 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, the process to award grants to 

LEAs under section 1003. 

Comments: One commenter supported the requirement making schools identified for targeted 

support and improvement due to low assessment participation rates ineligible for section 1003 

school improvement. This commenter also requested clarification regarding whether schools 

that do not meet exit criteria after the initial award period can receive additional school 

improvement funding. This commenter stated that the regulations do not specify what occurs 

after the award period expires if the school has not met the defined exit criteria. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenter’s support and further clarify that grants under section 

1003 may be awarded for up to four years, and thus may be continued for schools that do not 

meet their exit criteria, provided that such schools take the actions required by either §§

200.21(f) for schools identified for comprehensive support or 200.22(e) for schools identified for 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

204

targeted support.

Changes: None.

Sections 200.30 and 200.31 Annual State and LEA report card

General

Comments: Several commenters expressed support for proposed regulations clarifying statutory 

requirements for the State and LEA report cards required by the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, and highlighted increased transparency and disaggregation for many of the data elements 

as particularly helpful. Conversely, some commenters expressed general opposition to the 

proposed regulations, variously asserting that they exceed statutory requirements; would be 

burdensome to implement; and, based on past experience, would be unlikely to result in better 

student outcomes. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates support for the State and LEA report card regulations 

and notes that they are consistent with sections 1111(h)(1)(C) and 1111(h)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which maintain a majority of the State and LEA report card requirements 

required by NCLB and add several new requirements.

The Department values transparency, consistent with the statute, and disagrees that 

efforts to support improvements in teaching and learning have not benefited from the State and 

LEA report card provisions under the ESEA, as amended by NCLB. With respect to LEA report 

cards in particular, there is evidence that when school quality information, including information 

about school accountability results, is provided to parents, they pay attention and respond.27 

Report cards can positively impact the extent to which parents engage in their children’s 

education and, in turn, help to improve student outcomes. As such, we believe that any burden 

imposed by the report card requirements is outweighed by the resulting educational benefits.

 

27 Black, S. E. (1999). “Do better schools matter? Parental valuation of elementary education.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 

114 (2): 577-99. 

Charbonneau, E., & Van Ryzin, G. G. (2012). “Performance measures and parental satisfaction with New York City Schools.” 

American Review of Public Administration, 42 (1): 54–65.

Figlio, D. N. & Lucas, M. E. (2004). “What’s in a grade? School report cards and the housing market.” American Economic 

Review, 94 (3): 591–604.

Hastings, J. S. & Weinstein, J. M. (2008). “Information, school choice, and academic achievement: Evidence from two 

experiments.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123 (4): 1373–414.

Jacobsen, R. & Saultz, A. (2013). “Do good grades matter? Public accountability data and perceptions of school quality.” In The 

Infrastructure of Accountability, ed. Anagnostopoulos, D., Rutledge, S. A., & Jacobsen, R. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education 

Press.

Jacobsen, R., Saultz, A. & Snyder, J. W. (2013). “When accountability strategies collide: Do policy changes that raise 

accountability standards also erode public satisfaction?” Educational Policy, 27 (2): 360–89.

Koning, P. & Wiel, K. V. D. (2013). “Ranking the Schools: How school-quality information affects school choice in the 

Netherlands.” Journal of the European Economic Association, 11 (2): 466–493.

Nunes, L. C., Reis, A. B., & Seabra, C. (2015). “The publication of school rankings: A step toward increased accountability?” 

Economics of Education Review, 49 (December): 15–23.

Rockoff, J. E. & Turner, L. J. (2008). Short run impacts of accountability on school quality. Working Paper 14564, National 

Bureau of Economic Research, http://www.nber.org/papers/w14564.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

205

In response to commenters who generally opposed the requirements on the ground that 

they exceed the statutory requirements, as discussed previously in the discussion of CrossCutting Issues, the Department has rulemaking authority under section 410 of GEPA, section 

414 of the DEOA, and the section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Given that 

authority and that these regulations fall squarely within the scope of title I, part A of the statute, 

consistent with section 1111(e), the regulations need not be specifically authorized by the statute, 

nor is the Department limited to issuing regulations that merely restate the requirements in the 

statute.

Changes: None.

Development of Report Cards in Consultation with Parents

Comments: Many commenters supported proposed §§ 200.30(b)(1) and 200.31(b)(1), which 

require that State and LEA report cards be developed in consultation with parents. Some 

commenters requested that the language be expanded to require consultation with other 

stakeholders as well, including teachers, principals, other school leaders, specialized instructional 

support personnel, and special education teachers. Some commenters suggested that each State 

also be required to describe its consultation process. Additionally, one commenter asserted that 

the statute does not require parental consultation on the LEA report card and, therefore, such 

consultation would be more appropriately addressed through non-regulatory guidance.

Discussion: We appreciate the support from many commenters who share our belief that it is 

essential that the perspectives of parents--who are among the primary consumers of State and 

LEA report cards--be solicited, considered, and incorporated into the report card development 

process. We also believe that while the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, does not specifically 

require consultation with parents in the development of LEA report cards, requiring such 

consultation falls within the scope of and is consistent with the statutory consultation 

requirement for State report cards, consistent with section 1111(e) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA. Moreover, we believe parental consultation on LEA report cards is particularly 

important given that these report cards typically contain the school- and district-level information 

that is most relevant and useful to parents. In addition, as discussed previously in the section on

Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department’s rulemaking authority under section 410 of GEPA, 

section 414 of the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, allows it

to issue regulatory provisions not specifically authorized by statute.

States and LEAs have discretion to include other stakeholders in the development of their 

report cards and we believe they are likely to include many of the individuals suggested by 

commenters. As noted previously, however, the emphasis of the regulations on parental 

consultation is based on the requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. For these 

reasons, we decline to specify additional stakeholders in the final regulations.

Changes: None.

Accessibility of Notices, Documentation, and Information 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

206

Comments: Many commenters remarked on the requirements that appear in several sections of 

the proposed regulations (including proposed §§ 200.30(c), 200.30(d)(1)(i), 200.31(c), 

200.31(d)(1), 200.31(d)(2), 200.32(b), 299.13(f), and 299.18(c)(4)(v)), regarding the use of Web 

sites to disseminate required information including, for example, annual State and LEA report 

cards and a State’s consolidated State plan or individual program State plan. Further, while 

proposed § 200.21(b) does not explicitly mention posting of the notice that an LEA must provide 

to parents of students in schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement on a Web site, some commenters suggested that a Web site may be the vehicle 

through which LEAs meet this requirement.

While a small number of commenters supported the accessibility requirements generally, 

several commenters asserted that the requirements do not sufficiently ensure that parents and 

other stakeholders are able to access the documentation and information discussed in the 

proposed requirements. Specifically, many commenters expressed concern regarding the 

accessibility for individuals with disabilities, and requested that we strengthen the requirements. 

For example, commenters recommended requiring that Web sites conform with the World Wide 

Web Consortium’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Level AA and the Web 

Accessibility Initiative Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite (WAI-ARIA) 1.0 for web 

content. In addition, some commenters recommended that States and LEAs ensure that parents 

without home access to the Internet are provided with the information included on State and 

LEA report cards.

Further, many commenters suggested that the Department strengthen the provisions to 

accommodate parents with limited English proficiency by, for example, requiring that such 

documentation and information be available in the most populous languages in the State or LEA, 

as applicable, or that the Department define certain terms in the proposed accessibility 

requirements (e.g., “to the extent practicable”). Finally, several commenters suggested that the 

Department require States to provide information included on State report cards in an easily 

accessible manner that is publicly downloadable by all visitors to a State’s Web site without 

restrictions, necessary permissions, or fees.

Discussion: We agree that all parents and other stakeholders, including those with disabilities 

and those who have limited English proficiency, must have meaningful access to documentation 

and information that States and LEAs disseminate. Such access is critical in order to understand 

State, LEA, and school performance and progress, meaningfully engage in reform efforts, and 

help to ensure that all children have an opportunity to meet a State’s academic standards.

Although the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and its implementing regulations require 

that certain information on State or LEA Web sites be “accessible,” the requirement that Web 

sites be accessible to individuals with disabilities is also based on the Federal civil rights 

requirements of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. 794, title II of the Americans 

with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. 12131 et seq., and their implementing regulations, all of which 

are enforced against SEAs and LEAs by the Department’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR).

Although the Department does not currently require States and LEAs to use specific Web 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

207

site accessibility standards, under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and Federal civil rights 

laws and regulations, States and LEAs must ensure that information provided through electronic 

and information technology, such as on Web sites, is accessible to individuals with disabilities. 

In OCR’s enforcement experience, where a State or LEA provides required information through 

Web sites, it may be difficult to ensure compliance with accessibility requirements without 

adherence to modern standards such as the WCAG 2.0 Level AA standard, which includes 

criteria that provide comprehensive Web accessibility to individuals with disabilities--including 

those with visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, developmental, learning, and 

neurological disabilities. Accordingly, we strongly encourage States and LEAs that disseminate 

information via Web sites to consider that standard as they take steps to ensure that their Web 

sites comply with requirements of these regulations and with Federal civil rights laws. WCAG 

2.0 has been designed to be technology neutral to provide Web developers more flexibility to 

address accessibility of current as well as future Web technologies; in addition, Level AA 

conformance is widely used, indicating that it is generally feasible for Web developers to 

implement. The developers of WCAG 2.0 have made an array of technical resources available 

on the W3C website at no cost to assist entities in implementing the standard. For more 

information, see www.w3.org/WAI/.

Similarly, the Department expects that States and LEAs will provide access for parents 

who may not have online access, such as by providing online access at their local school or LEA 

administrative office. Regarding requests to add accessibility requirements to ensure that parents

with limited English proficiency can access documentation and information, including by 

defining certain terms in the proposed accessibility requirements (e.g., “to the extent 

practicable”), please see additional discussion in § 200.21(b)(2). 

Finally, with respect to making SEA and LEA report card data available to be 

downloaded, while the Department encourages States and LEAs to make available the 

information included on report cards in easily accessible, downloadable formats that are freely 

open to the public, the Department declines to impose additional potentially burdensome 

requirements on States and LEAS given the extent of information required by the statute for 

inclusion on report cards.

Changes: None. 

Recommendations to Include Additional Information on State and LEA Report Cards

Comments: Many commenters recommended that the Department add additional requirements,

data elements, or other information to State and/or LEA report cards. Specifically, several 

commenters recommended that the Department require that report cards provide for 

comparability of all State and LEA report card data at the State, LEA, and school levels, and that 

data be presented such that it can be easily compared across LEAs. Some of these commenters 

further requested that the Department specify certain parameters for States choosing to meet the 

cross-tabulation assurance under section 1111(g)(2)(N) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

via their State report cards, including that the data be in certain file formats to ensure that it can 

be easily downloaded and analyzed. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

208

Several commenters requested that the Department require additional data elements or 

information not required by the statute be included on State and LEA report cards, including, for 

example, disaggregation by additional subgroups such as justice-involved youth and American 

Indians; further disaggregation within subgroups currently required including Asian 

American/Pacific Islanders, English learners, and students with disabilities; indication of 

subgroups too small for reporting; reporting on whether an LEA chooses the exemption under § 

200.21(g) for a high school identified for comprehensive support and improvement and, if so, the 

reason for such exemption; more prominent information on subgroups whose performance 

declined so that school-level declines are not attributed to any one subgroup; data on access to 

technology resources; data on access to the arts in high- versus low-poverty schools; and 

information on how LEAs will use funds under title I and elsewhere to support activities that 

coordinate and integrate before- and after-school programs. 

One commenter appreciated the Department indicating that States and LEAs can add 

information related to the number and percentage of students attaining career and technical 

proficiencies. Finally, two commenters requested additional information, including student 

achievement data on subject areas in addition to reading/language arts and mathematics (report 

cards also require results of the State’s science assessments) and results on the indicators in a 

State’s accountability system for all schools, including those that have not been identified as 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement schools. 

Discussion: The ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, maintains the majority of the State and LEA 

report card provisions required under the ESEA, as amended by NCLB, and adds several 

additional reporting requirements. For example, LEA report cards must continue to include 

information on how the academic achievement of students in the LEA compares to that of 

students in the State as a whole and, at the school level, how the academic achievement of 

students in the school compares to that of students in the LEA and the State, respectively, in 

reading/language arts, mathematics, and science. Further, the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

requires that LEA report cards include, for all schools (not solely schools identified for 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement), results on the indicators in a State’s 

accountability system including, for example, information on the performance on the other 

academic indicator under section 1111(c)(4)(B)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, used 

by the State in the State accountability system for public elementary schools and secondary 

schools that are not high schools; high school graduation rates; and information on the 

performance on the other indicator or indicators of School Quality or Student Success under 

section 1111(c)(4)(B)(v) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, used by the State in the State 

accountability system, etcetera. 

With respect to additional requirements that commenters recommended the Department 

add to the State and LEA report card regulations, while we agree that States and LEAs should 

strive to develop report cards that convey data and information in ways that maximize use by 

parents and others, we believe that the requirements for State and LEA report cards under section 

1111(h)of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and §§ 200.30 through 200.37 sufficiently 

ensure that State and LEA report cards will be transparent and maximally useful to parents and 

other stakeholders. Further, States and LEAs can, if they choose to do so, display graphically, or 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

209

in other ways, comparisons of State, LEA, and school performance on data elements other than 

student academic achievement on the assessments required under section 1111(b)(2). States 

choosing to meet the cross-tabulation assurance under section 1111(g)(2)(N) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, via their State report cards, can provide the data--as well as other data 

reported on report cards--in certain file formats to ensure that it can be easily downloaded and 

analyzed. The Department believes that doing so would facilitate use by a wide range of 

consumers of report cards, including people who may use the data to identify trends that may be 

of use to States, LEAs, and schools in engaging in data driven decision making. However, we 

are not requiring States to do so, as this may impose additional burden for some States. 

With respect to requiring additional information on State and LEA report cards that is not 

required under section 1111(h)(1)-(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and proposed §§ 

200.30-200.37, given the extent of information that is required for inclusion on State and LEA 

report cards, the Department declines to require additional information. However, sections 

1111(h)(1)(C)(xiv) and (h)(2)(C)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, provide for both 

States and LEAs, at their discretion, to include additional information that they believe will help 

parents and other stakeholders understand State, LEA, and school performance and progress. 

Such additional information could include any or all of the data elements that commenters noted 

above. In particular, in light of the student demographics in particular States, LEAs, or schools, 

States or LEAs may wish to report on the performance of additional student subgroups not 

required under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, or further disaggregate required reporting 

elements by subgroups that are not required under the ESEA. For example, States and LEAs 

may wish to disaggregate data by subgroups, such as justice-involved youth or American 

Indians, that are not required under the ESSA, as amended by the ESSA. Doing so may help to 

better identify the needs of students in these subgroups and support State, LEA, and school 

efforts to improve teaching and learning for these students. 

In general, States and LEAs have flexibility to go beyond what section 1111(h)(1)(C), 

(2)(C) and §§ 200.30 through 200.37 require regarding presentation and information required on 

State and LEA report cards. For example, States and LEAs can provide report card data in 

formats that can be easily downloaded, add additional information unique to their State and local 

contexts, and include additional comparative data or provide mechanisms for the public to 

generate such comparisons. The Department supports State and LEA report cards that both align 

with the requirements in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and are tailored to the unique 

composition and needs of States and LEAs.

Changes: None.

State and LEA Report Card Overview 

Comments: Some commenters supported the overview section in proposed §§ 200.30(b)(2) and 

200.31(b)(2) on either or both the State and LEA report cards, explaining that such a section will 

help ensure that parents and other stakeholders encounter key metrics about State, LEA, and 

school performance as the first information when they review report cards. 

Conversely, some commenters opposed the overview section requirements on either or 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

210

both the State and LEA report card. Some commenters asserted that the overview requirements

extend beyond what is required for State and/or LEA report cards under sections 1111(h)(1)-(2) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Others asserted that the parameters were too 

prescriptive and decisions of content and format for the overview sections would best be left to 

States and LEAs or addressed in non-regulatory guidance. A few commenters specified that 

States should be able to decide, in particular, whether or not to include a school’s summative 

rating on the LEA report card overview for each school served by the LEA. One commenter 

recommended that the Department allow for States to differentiate the content of the State and 

LEA report card overview sections so that these sections can be tailored to what parents need to 

know most given the particular State and LEA context. One commenter suggested that 

providing disaggregated data for some subgroups but not others on the report card overview 

section could be confusing. 

Specific to the format of the LEA report card overview for each school served by the 

LEA, several commenters contended that the required information would not fit on a single sheet 

of paper as required in proposed § 200.31(b)(3). Others suggested that the Department be 

mindful of the need to ensure that the font size on the LEA report card overview for each school 

served by the LEA be of sufficient size to be able to effectively communicate information. One 

commenter suggested that the page length of the LEA report card overview for each school 

served by the LEA cannot be appropriately determined until a State finalizes the elements of its 

accountability system. Finally, other commenters requested clarification regarding what exactly 

constitutes a single sheet of paper. 

Discussion: We appreciate the comments that support the State and LEA report card overview 

section, and concur that the overview section will help parents and the public more effectively 

access and consider data in engaging in State, LEA, and school reform efforts. Particularly given 

the amount of information that State and LEA report cards must include under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, the overview section serves to highlight certain data elements in order to 

quickly convey State, LEA, and school performance and progress. With the flexibility States are 

given to include extensive accountability system indicators in evaluating the performance and 

progress of schools, a school’s determination is an important piece of summary information that 

will help provide a holistic picture of school performance and progress. The information to be 

included on the State and LEA overviews can help to provide context for reviewing the full data 

elements on State and LEA report cards. 

The State and LEA report card overviews align with the requirement in sections 

1111(h)(1)(B) and 1111(h)(2)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that report cards be 

concise and presented in an understandable and uniform format. In particular, the overview

sections serve to succinctly convey State, LEA, and school performance and progress while not 

abandoning minimum statutory report card requirements related to transparent and accurate 

presentation of a broad range of data and therefore fall squarely within the scope of section 

1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e). As discussed 

previously in the discussion of Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department has rulemaking authority 

under section 410 of GEPA, section 414 of the DEOA, and the section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA. Given that authority, it is not necessary for the statute to specifically 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

211

authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision. 

Regarding the subgroups included on the overview section, States and LEAs have 

discretion as to whether to include all disaggregated subgroups required under section 1111(c)(2) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and § 200.16(a), while including, at a minimum, the 

subgroups a State uses for accountability purposes consistent with § 200.16. While the 

Department believes that it is critical to identify the needs of all subgroups for which the statute 

requires disaggregated reporting, gathering an understanding of the performance that led to a 

school’s accountability determination can help frame school performance overall and provide 

context for the further disaggregation that will be provided in the full State and LEA report 

cards. 

Further, the Department agrees with several commenters that the LEA overview section 

for each school served by the LEA must be of sufficient length and font size to meet the goal of 

providing critical information to help parents and other stakeholders understand key metrics of 

State, LEA, and school performance. We also agree that additional flexibility is needed to do so. 

To help determine the most appropriate length and font size of the LEA overview for each school 

served by the LEA, LEAs should include discussion of this LEA report card section when they 

consult with parents in the development of the LEA report cards as required under § 

200.31(b)(1).

Finally, given the concern regarding length of the overview section, rather than prescribe 

a particular length, we are deleting the requirement for that the LEA report card overview for 

each school served by the LEA be limited to a single piece of paper. Thus, the regulations need 

not clarify what constitutes a single sheet of paper.

Changes: We revised § 200.31(b)(3) to remove the requirement that the LEA overview for each 

school served by the LEA be on a single sheet of paper. 

Dissemination of LEA Report Card School-Level Overviews

Comments: Some commenters addressed the requirement in proposed § 200.31(d)(3)(i) 

regarding dissemination of the LEA report card overview for each school served by the LEA. 

One commenter commended the Department for including a requirement to provide such 

overview to parents of each student enrolled in the LEA by either mail or email. However, some 

commenters asked for clarification of the proposed dissemination requirement. In addition, one 

commenter expressed opposition to what the commenter perceived as a requirement to provide 

parents with hard copies of the LEA report card overview for each school. Another commenter 

opposed the requirement to disseminate the LEA report card overview to parents of each enrolled 

student in each school via either mail or email, asserting that this requirement extends beyond 

what section 1111(h)(2)(B)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires. 

Discussion: We appreciate support for the requirement in § 200.31(d)(3)(i) to disseminate the 

LEA overview section for each school served by the LEA directly to parents. This provision 

offers regular mail and email as examples of how this requirement could be met. Hard copy 

dissemination is not required. As suggested by one commenter, methods such as providing the
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

212

overview at parent-teacher conferences, at parent nights, or with students to take home would 

also be sufficient to meet this requirement.

Regardless of the method selected for providing this information to parents, we believe 

that, consistent with the dissemination and accessibility requirements under section 

1111(h)(2)(A) and (B)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, key information about school 

performance must reach parents directly and in a timely fashion so that they have relevant 

information to work effectively with educators and local school officials during the school year. 

Moreover, as discussed previously in the discussion of Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department has 

rulemaking authority under section 410 of GEPA, section 414 of the DEOA, and the section 

1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Given that rulemaking authority and that these 

regulations fall within the scope of section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

consistent with section 1111(e), it is not necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the 

Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision.

Changes: We have revised § 200.31(d)(3)(i) to clarify that LEAs can disseminate the LEA 

report card overview for each school served by the LEA directly to parents by means such as email, mail, or other direct means of distribution. 

Report Card Dissemination Timeline Generally

Comments: Several commenters expressed support for the annual December 31 deadline for 

States and LEAs to disseminate report cards under §§ 200.30(e) and 200.31(e), suggesting that 

an annual deadline would encourage States and LEAs to provide more timely information to 

parents and stakeholders. Many commenters opposed the annual deadline because of concerns 

related to additional administrative burden that would be caused by overlapping report card 

dissemination and Department reporting timelines. These commenters offered a number of 

alternative proposals, including the removal of the deadline for dissemination of report cards, an 

alternate deadline of March 31, and a State-determined deadline that would be included in a State 

consolidated plan. Some commenters suggested maintaining the December 31 deadline, but also 

allowing States and LEAs to update report cards after December 31 with data unavailable on 

December 31.

Some commenters also claimed that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, does not 

authorize the Department to require a specific deadline for dissemination of State and LEA 

report cards. These commenters argued that December 31 is an arbitrary reporting deadline not 

found in statute.

A few commenters cited challenges meeting the deadline specifically for reporting 

graduation rates, per pupil expenditures, and postsecondary enrollment. Responses to those 

comments are provided below in separate comment summaries specific to these data elements.

Discussion: We believe that timely report card dissemination, when combined with the report 

card overview section requirements in §§ 200.30 and 200.31, will help ensure parents and the 

public can more effectively access and use State-, LEA-, and school-level data to help address 

achievement, opportunity, and equity gaps during the school year.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

213

We acknowledge that the newly required report card elements under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, may, initially, be more difficult for States and LEAs to implement. For 

this reason, §§ 200.30 and 200.31 include a one-time, one-year extension for those reporting 

elements. Although we decline to extend the general report card dissemination deadline, as 

discussed below, we have revised §§ 200.30(e) and 200.31(e) to permit States and LEAs to delay 

inclusion of data on per-pupil expenditures on annual State and LEA report cards until no later

than June 30 following the December 31 deadline, provided that the report cards otherwise meet 

the December 31 dissemination deadline and include a description of when per-pupil expenditure 

data will be made available. We note that specific comments related to the timeline for reporting 

graduation rates, per pupil expenditures, and postsecondary enrollment are discussed more fully 

below.

In response to commenters who questioned our authority in this area, as discussed 

previously in the discussion of Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department has rulemaking authority

under section 410 of GEPA, section 414 of the DEOA, and the section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA. Given that rulemaking authority and given that these regulations fall 

within the scope of title I, part A of the statute, consistent with section 1111(e), it is not 

necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory 

provision. The Department believes that December 31 provides States with sufficient time to 

report on the required data elements, while maintaining the goal of timeliness such that parents, 

teacher, principals, and other stakeholders can consider the information in helping to focus 

school improvement efforts. The December 31 date is purposefully chosen to balance the needs 

of States and LEAs in ensuring accurate data while providing such data in as timely a manner as 

possible.

Changes: None. 

Graduation Rates Reporting Timeline

Comments: Several commenters opposed the December 31 deadline for reporting prior year 

adjusted cohort graduation rates on State and LEA report cards. Commenters cited several 

reasons for their opposition. Some commented that it is an unreasonable timeline because of the 

inclusion of summer graduates, and because States use the October 1 enrollment count to 

determine whether students have dropped out. Others indicated a preference for continuing to 

allow States to lag graduation rates for report card purposes. One commenter suggested that to 

report prior year graduation rate data on the report card, it would be necessary to move the 

deadline to March 31 or later every year. One commenter noted that the deadline would require 

system changes that would be difficult or impossible to perform without significant additional 

resources.

Discussion: We believe that it is important that graduation rate data is as timely as possible to 

give stakeholders, including parents, access to information that is still relevant for their decision 

making and to accurately describe the success of a school in the most recent school year. We 

understand that some State processes to review and audit graduation rate data are on a timeline 

that does not currently allow for a December release of graduation rate data and this provision 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

214

will require some States to adapt their systems to meet the December 31 timeline. However, we 

do not agree with commenters that indicated that releasing prior year graduation rate data by 

December 31 is unreasonable. By December of 2018, States will have had seven years to refine 

their process for producing adjusted cohort graduation rate data (since the requirements went into 

effect in 2008 for reporting on the 2010-11 school year). Even with the inclusion of summer 

graduates, States should have sufficient time to review and release their data without the need for 

significant additional resources.

We also disagree with commenters suggesting that a State should be permitted to lag its 

graduation rate data. Data are most useful and meaningful when they represent the most recent 

year. If a State reports lagged data in 2018, then it would be reporting 2016-17 graduation rates 

in December of the 2018-19 school year, meaning that the data available to parents would be a 

year and a half old. This delay will have an adverse impact on the utility of the data for decision 

making and transparency, which is one of the primary purposes of making timely data available 

on State and LEA report cards.

Changes: None.

Per-Pupil Expenditures Reporting Timeline--Annual Reporting

Comments: Many commenters requested that, for reporting per-pupil expenditures under 

proposed § 200.35, the Department allow additional flexibility beyond the one-time, one-year 

extension a State may request under proposed §§ 200.30(e)(2) and 200.31(e)(2) if the State or its 

LEAs cannot meet the December 31, 2018, deadline for reporting newly requested information, 

such as per-pupil expenditures, on report cards. These commenters stated that reporting perpupil expenditures annually by December 31 is an unreasonable timeline because of possible 

auditor shortages, inconsistencies with single audit requirements for Federal grantees, 

incompatible LEA expenditure reporting timelines, which in some cases are established in State 

law, and the increased likelihood of inaccurate data production if States must publish report 

cards with per-pupil expenditure data shortly after receiving unverified LEA expenditure reports. 

A majority of these commenters requested that we change the annual per-pupil 

expenditure reporting deadline to June 30 annually. Other commenters suggested extending the 

deadline to March 31, while some recommended using a State-determined date for publishing 

per-pupil expenditure data on report cards. One commenter supported the December 31 annual 

deadline for per-pupil expenditures and two additional commenters generally supported the 

December 31 annual deadline for disseminating report cards, although they did not specifically 

mention per-pupil expenditures. 

Discussion: We agree with commenters that States and LEAs should report per-pupil 

expenditure data that is accurate, has been thoroughly reviewed, and clearly reflects how 

resources are allocated in schools. We also agree with commenters that an annual reporting 

deadline of June 30 would provide the appropriate amount of time for States and LEAs to ensure 

high-quality data is publicly available. Therefore, we have added new §§ 200.30(e)(2) and 

200.31(e)(2), which permit a State or LEA that is unable to include per-pupil expenditures on 

report cards by the December 31 deadline to update its report card with such data no later than 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

215

the following June 30. Additionally, the Department will provide technical assistance and 

support to States and LEAs in implementing the per-pupil expenditure reporting requirement. 

Changes: We have revised §§ 200.30(e) and 200.31(e) to clarify when newly required 

information must be included on State and LEA report cards and to permit States and LEAs to

delay inclusion of data on per-pupil expenditures on annual State and LEA report cards until no 

later than June 30, provided that the report cards otherwise meet the December 31 dissemination 

deadline and include a brief description of when per-pupil expenditure data will be made 

available.

Per-pupil Expenditures Reporting Timeline--First Time Reporting of These Data

Comments: Several commenters noted that some State and LEA data collection systems may be 

unable to collect and report school year 2017-2018 per-pupil expenditure data. Some 

commenters indicated that SEAs have invested in sophisticated data systems that focus on

student achievement over the past few years, but have not invested in comparable fiscal tracking 

systems. Commenters also stated that maintaining the statutory implementation timelines would 

mean fewer SEA resources could be devoted to the development and implementation of new 

accountability systems. These commenters requested that the Department allow flexibility for 

States and LEAs that do not have the capacity to implement the per-pupil expenditure reporting 

requirement by the December 31, 2018, deadline proposed in the regulations. 

Discussion: To accommodate potential challenges in implementing new report card 

requirements, States and their LEAs may request a one-time, one-year extension to build 

technical capacity, where necessary. We believe that this flexibility, in addition to the option to 

defer annual reporting of per-pupil expenditures from December 31, 2018, to the following June 

30, provides States a sufficient amount of time for State fiscal collection and reporting systems to 

be aligned with statutory and regulatory requirements. As a result of this additional flexibility, if 

a State is unable to report per-pupil expenditures in school year 2017-2018 by June 30, 2019, and 

is granted a one-time, one-year extension their plan and timeline would outline how the State 

will include school year 2018-2019 per-pupil expenditure information on State and local report 

cards by June 30, 2020. 

Changes: None.

Postsecondary Enrollment Reporting Timeline

Comments: Some commenters expressed concerns with timelines for postsecondary enrollment 

reporting. Two commenters indicated that due to processing time or collection timelines, States 

may not be able to report postsecondary data on the immediately preceding school year by 

December 31. One commenter provided data that indicated that seven percent of all students and 

11 percent of low income, high minority students would not be captured in the calculation if data 

on the immediately preceding school year are required by December 31. Instead, commenters 

recommended that States be allowed to lag their postsecondary enrollment data. One commenter 

indicated that the requirement to begin reporting in 2017 is too ambitious and suggested that 

States establish their own reporting timeline following consultation with stakeholders. Another 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

216

commenter recommended that we allow for a delay between graduation and postsecondary 

actions for reporting this metric if the student was unable to enroll due to health problems or 

some other circumstance.

Discussion: We appreciate commenters that noted the challenges of reporting data on the 

immediately preceding school year by December 31 due to collection and processing timelines. 

While the statute specifies that the postsecondary enrollment metric must be defined in such a 

way that it captures students who enrolled in the first academic year that follows their graduation 

(or the immediately following academic year), the Department does not believe that the language 

implies that States are expected to include the data representing the graduating class from the 

immediately preceding school year on their report cards. We recognize that the academic year 

could include students that enroll in the fall, spring, or summer following their graduation from 

high school. Since report cards are due before the completion of the full academic year, it would 

not be possible for States to include complete postsecondary data on their report cards. As such, 

the Department’s expectation is that postsecondary enrollment will be lagged (i.e., the report 

card produced in December of 2018 will contain data on the graduating class from the 2016-17 

school year instead of the 2017-18 school year). While we recognize that reporting on this new 

metric by the time report cards for the 2017-2018 school year must be disseminated may be 

challenging for some States and LEAs, we note that under §§ 200.30(e)(2) and 200.31(e)(2) a 

State may request a one-time, one-year extension for reporting on some or all of the new 

information, including postsecondary enrollment data, that must be included on State and LEA 

report cards. 

We also recognize that there are circumstances that prevent students from immediately 

enrolling in programs of postsecondary education, but the time frame in which students can be 

included in this metric is also in the statute, which specifies that it must be in the first academic 

year that follows the student’s graduation. However, we believe that the first academic year can 

include students that first enroll in the fall, spring, or summer, which allows for the inclusions of 

students that may be unable to enroll by the fall.

Changes: None.

Additional Statutory Subgroups Generally

Comments: Some commenters submitted general comments related to three new subgroups on 

which States must disaggregate certain information on report cards as required under section 

1111(h)(1)(C)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA: children who are homeless, children 

in foster care, and children with parents who are members of the Armed Forces. A few 

commenters indicated their support for the definitions included in the regulations, which would 

require States to use definitions consistent with other Federal laws for these subgroups to ensure 

consistency in reporting across States. Some commenters noted that reporting data on these new 

subgroups would create privacy concerns or other sensitive issues, since there will be small 

numbers of students in each group, particularly at the LEA and school levels.

Discussion: We appreciate comments supporting the definitions for the new subgroups required 

under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We believe that these definitions will not only help 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

217

ensure consistency across States but also align with definitions currently used for other programs 

supporting these populations, which will help our understanding of the outcomes of these 

students across programs. We agree with commenters that these populations may be small and 

that it is important to protect the privacy of small subgroups of students. In this regard, section 

1111(i) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, clearly addresses privacy of student data by 

requiring data to be collected and disseminated in a manner that protects the privacy of 

individual students, consistent with section 444 of GEPA (commonly known as the Family 

Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)). Section 1111(i) further states that disaggregation 

shall not be required if the n-size is small enough to reveal personally identifiable information or 

information that is not statistically sound. The Department has reinforced this requirement by 

including it in §§ 200.30(f)(2) and 200.31(f) of the regulations. 

Changes: None.

Status as a Child in Foster Care 

Comments: Some commenters noted that some States use a more expansive definition of 

children in foster care, which includes not just children living in 24-hour substitute care, but also 

children who may not yet have been removed from their homes but for whom the Title IV-E 

agency has placement responsibility. They requested that the requirements allow a State with an 

expanded definition to include these students in its status as a child in foster care subgroup.

Discussion: We do not agree with the recommendation that a State with an expanded definition 

of students in foster care should be permitted to use this definition for the purposes of reporting 

on this subgroup in title I report cards. Children who are placed in foster care and children who 

are allowed to remain at home under State custody represent two distinct populations; thus we 

believe it is important to preserve the subgroup being reported as those students who are placed 

in foster care. We believe that requiring disaggregation for the students placed in foster care will 

help States, State child welfare agencies, and other stakeholders gain a better understanding of 

the educational outcomes of a highly mobile population and the impact that being removed from 

home has on a child’s ability to learn. As such, we believe that it is important to collect data 

only on those children who are placed in traditional out-of-home foster care. These data will be 

most useful to stakeholders if all children are reported using the same definition of children in 

foster care, and using an existing definition is the cleanest approach to implementing this new 

requirement. Further, this definition is consistent with the definition used in the non-regulatory 

guidance that we issued jointly with the Department of Health and Human Services, “Ensuring 

Educational Stability for Children in Foster Care” (Children in Foster Care Guidance) which 

helps to ensure consistency across program requirements. The Foster Care Guidance can be 

found at: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/edhhsfostercarenonregulatorguide.pdf. 

Changes: None.

Status as a Military-Connected Student

Comments: Several commenters supported the requirement in proposed § 200.30 to report 

academic results for students with a parent who is a member of the Armed Forces on active duty. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

218

Several commenters suggested proposed § 200.30 should also require identifiers for students 

with parents serving in the Reserve components of the military services or full or part-time 

National Guard. They argued that regardless of the specific military connection, parental 

deployment impacts children in the same manner. Two commenters suggested the identifier 

should also be extended to military-connected students who are eligible for special education 

services under the IDEA. 

Two commenters requested the Department expand the definition of parent to include 

caretakers such as legal guardians, custodians, State-determined definitions of the legal 

guardians and custodians, and stepparents. These commenters also requested the Department 

specify at what time during the school year service by a military-connected parent is to be 

counted for purposes of identification.

One commenter asked the Department to explain the definition of all active duty and 

whether it includes deployed military parents only or also full-time military who are not 

deployed. One commenter asked why Congress included this identifier under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, and if there is evidence of delayed academic progress for children of 

parents in the military. One commenter argued the military-connected identifier will result in an 

unlawful violation of privacy.

One commenter requested that the Impact Aid regulatory requirements and these 

regulations be aligned, where possible, to limit administrative burden for LEAs, and that the 

Department gather feedback from LEAs that educate a significant number of military-connected 

students to ensure effective implementation of the new requirement. One commenter requested 

that the military-connected identifier be aligned with the reporting requirements under 20 U.S.C.

7703 (i.e., the Impact Aid program).

Discussion: We agree with commenters that students with parents serving full-time in the 

National Guard face the same challenges as students with parents on active duty in the Armed 

Forces. We also recognize that, as part of the process for developing proposed assessment 

regulations under title I, part A, the negotiated rulemaking committee reached consensus on 

regulations in which the issue of disaggregating achievement data for students with parents on 

active duty in the Armed Forces or on full-time National Guard duty is addressed. The 

negotiated rulemaking committee, relying on the same rationale as commenters, recommended 

that the Department require that State assessment systems be able to disaggregate assessment

results for military-connected students to include those with parents on full-time National Guard 

duty. This recommendation is reflected in the Department’s proposed assessment regulations, 

which require that State assessment systems enable results to be disaggregated within each State, 

LEA, and school by students with a parent who is a member of the Armed Forces on active duty 

or serves on full-time National Guard duty, where “armed forces,” “active duty,” and “full-time 

National Guard duty” have the same meanings given them in 10 U.S.C. 101(a)(4), 101(d)(1), and 

101(d)(5). Additionally, because section 1111(h)(1)(C)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, (which we have clarified in § 200.30(f)(iv)) cross-references the statutory definition of 

“full-time National Guard duty” in 10 U.S.C. 101(d)(5), it is unclear if Congress intended to 

extend the military connected identifier to include student with parents on “full-time National 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

219

Guard duty.” Given these considerations, the Department agrees with commenters that in 

disaggregating information on student achievement on the State’s academic assessments based a 

student’s military-connected status, States and LEAs should be required to include students with 

a parent who is a member of the Armed Forces on active duty as well as students with a parent 

who serves on full-time National Guard duty in the subgroup of students with a parent who is a 

member of the Armed Forces on active duty. 

We recognize the importance of service in the Reserve components of the military 

services and part-time National Guard. We note, however, that the statute focuses on full-time 

and active duty service in the military. As such, the Department declines to further extend the 

requirement regarding disaggregation by military-connected status.

We appreciate requests for additional clarification related to legal guardian status and 

when service by a military connected parent are to be counted for purposes of identification, but 

believes these questions are best addressed in non-regulatory guidance. We note though, that 

section 8101(38) defines a parent to include a legal guardian. With respect to the meaning of 

active duty, the term is clearly defined in the § 200.30(f)(iv)(B) consistent with the statutory 

definition in 10 U.S.C. 101(d)(1) and, as a result, the Department does not believe additional 

clarification is needed. However, the Department will consider providing additional information 

regarding this term in non-regulatory guidance.

The Department is unable to provide additional clarity related to the intent of Congress in 

requiring States and LEAs to disaggregate student achievement based on military-connected 

status. Nor is the Department able to provide evidence of delayed academic progress for 

children of parents in the military, primarily because the requirement to track academic 

performance of this subgroup of students did not exist prior to the enactment of the ESSA. The 

Department respects the concerns a commenter raised about student privacy, particularly of 

military-connected students, but is comforted by strong privacy protections under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, FERPA, and § 200.30, which it expects will be faithfully implemented 

by States and LEAs. 

Although the Department declines to require States and LEAs to further disaggregate the 

military-connected student subgroup to distinguish between military connected students who 

utilize special education services under the IDEA and those that do not, the Department 

encourages State and LEAs to include reporting on additional subgroups, as appropriate. 

Further, we remind commenters that under section 1111(g)(2)(N) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, States are able to provide cross-tabulated information by additional subgroups beyond 

the minimum requirements, which include major racial and ethnic group, gender, English 

proficiency status, and children with or without disabilities.

While the Department seeks to create consistency across program requirements where 

possible, there is a misalignment of military-connected statutory definitions between 20 U.S.C. 

7703 (i.e., the Impact Aid program) and definitions under the ESEA that reference 10 U.S.C. 

101. Under Impact Aid, students are identified if they have a parent on active duty in the 

uniformed services (as defined in 37 U.S.C. 101) that do or do not reside on Federal property, 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

220

while title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, references definitions of member of the 

Armed Forces on active duty or who serves on full-time National Guard duty (as defined in 10 

U.S.C. 101). Further, the procedures for counting military students under the Impact Aid statute 

are more specific than military subgroup reporting requirements under the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA. Lastly, the Department will take into consideration the request to gather feedback 

from LEAs that educate a significant number of military-connected students and encourages 

SEAs to complete the same type of outreach as part of their required consolidated State plan 

consultation activities. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.30(f)(iv) to clarify that, for purposes of reporting data on State 

and LEA report cards by military-connected status, a parent who is a member of the Armed 

Forces on active duty includes a parent on full-time National Guard duty. In so doing, we have 

further defined “full-time National Guard duty” consistent with 10 U.S.C. 101(d)(5). In addition, 

we made conforming edits in § 200.33(a)(3)(ii)(F).

Section 200.30 Annual State report card

Demographic and Achievement Data for Charter School Students by Charter School 

Authorizer 

Comments: Many commenters supported the proposed requirement in § 200.30(a)(2)(ii) that

State report cards include certain information for each authorized public chartering agency in the 

State, explaining that reporting this information would increase transparency and accountability 

for charter school authorizers. Other commenters, however, opposed this requirement, including 

some who suggested striking the requirement. Some commenters asserted the Department lacks 

the authority to require this information to be included on report cards because the statute does 

not require it. Other commenters indicated that it would be complicated and burdensome for 

States to identify the required comparison group, and that this complexity could undermine the 

goal of transparency. Some commenters suggested that the Department remove the comparison 

group component of the provisions and instead require States to report solely on the demographic 

composition and achievement of students in charter schools organized by charter authorizer.

Discussion: We appreciate the support for this provision from some commenters. With respect 

to the Department’s authority to issue this requirement, as discussed previously in the discussion 

of Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department has rulemaking authority under section 410 of GEPA, 

section 414 of the DEOA, and the section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Given that rulemaking authority, it is not necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the 

Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision. Moreover, the Department believes that 

transparency regarding the demographic composition and student achievement of charter school

students, as compared to that of the relevant LEA or LEAs, falls within the scope of title I, part A 

of the statute, consistent with section 1111(e) and is necessary to advance the overall purpose of 

title I, which is “to provide all children significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and 

high quality education and to close educational achievement gaps.” We note that providing this 

information by authorizer is particularly important given that authorizers generally have a 

significant oversight role with respect to the charter schools they authorize, and parents and other 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

221

stakeholders may not be able to easily access this information by authorizer absent this 

requirement. 

With respect to the comments regarding the potential difficulties associated with 

identifying an appropriate comparison group, the regulations provide flexibility for a State to 

determine the appropriate comparison, which may include the LEA or LEAs from which the 

charter school draws a significant portion of its students or a more specific, State-determined 

geographic community within an LEA. To ensure they are able to determine the appropriate 

comparison, we encourage States to consult with the charter school community, including 

authorized public chartering agencies. Further, we believe the benefits that will result from this 

reporting requirement in terms of increased transparency and accountability for this growing 

segment of public schools outweigh any burden it might impose on a State.

Changes: None.

Section 200.32 Description and results of a State’s accountability system

General Comments 

Comments: A few commenters expressed support for the requirements in proposed § 200.32 that 

State and LEA report cards include information on and results from a States’ accountability 

system, including the requirement in proposed § 200.32(c)(2) and (c)(3) that LEA report cards 

include the reason that led to a school’s identification as a comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement school. One commenter noted that requiring the reason for identification will help 

LEA and school staff target school needs. 

However, some commenters opposed the requirement that State and LEA report cards 

include a school’s identification as a comprehensive or targeted support and improvement school 

and the reason that led to such identification, suggesting that these particular requirements extend 

beyond what sections 1111(h)(1)(C) and (h)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

require. Another commenter suggested that proposed § 200.32(c)(2) and (c)(3) be expanded to 

require that LEA report cards include additional information regarding a school’s identification 

as a comprehensive or targeted support and improvement school, specifically “any missed 

targets.” A few commenters requested that State and LEA report cards include additional 

information related to a State’s minimum n-size for accountability, such as the number and 

percentage of all students and students in each subgroup for whose results schools in the LEA are 

not held accountable in the State’s system of meaningful differentiation.

Two commenters supported the option in proposed § 200.32(b) for State and LEA report 

cards to provide the Web address or URL of, or a direct link to, the State’s State plan or other 

location on the SEA’s Web site where one can access the required description of a State’s 

accountability system. Finally, one commenter requested that the Department replace the term 

“rating” with the term “determination.” 

Discussion: We appreciate the support of some commenters for various provisions in § 200.32. 

Sections 1111(h)(1)(C)(i)(V) and (h)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, require that 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

222

State and LEA report cards include the names of all schools identified by the State for 

comprehensive support and improvement or implementing targeted support and improvement

plans. Further, we believe that, in conjunction with the identification of a school as a 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement school, it is important for State and LEA 

report cards to indicate the reason that led to a school’s identification in order to help focus 

school, parent, and community efforts to improve teaching and learning for all students and 

particularly for historically underperforming subgroups of students. As discussed previously in

the discussion of Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department has rulemaking authority under section 

410 of GEPA, section 414 of the DEOA, and the section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA. Given that rulemaking authority and that these regulations fall squarely within the 

scope of section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e), 

it is not necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a particular 

regulatory provision. 

We decline to require additional information on State and LEA report cards related 

specifically to schools identified as comprehensive or targeted support and improvement or 

implications of a State’s minimum n-size beyond what section 1111(h)(1)(C)(i)of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, and § 200.32 require. However, States and LEAs may include any 

additional information that they believe will provide parents and other stakeholders with 

important information about school performance and progress. Further, with respect to one 

commenter’s request for additional information regarding a State’s minimum n-size, we note that 

§ 299.17(b)(4) requires States to provide additional detail related to their minimum n-size in 

either their consolidated State plan or individual title I plan. Thus, because § 299.13(f) requires 

the State plan to be published on a State’s Web site, such information will be publicly available. 

We concur with the commenters who supported the option to allow States and LEAs to 

provide the Web address or URL of, or a direct link to, the State’s State plan or other location on 

the State’s Web site where one can access the description of a State’s accountability system 

required under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(i), (h)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and § 

200.32. Given the amount of information on State and LEA report cards, we recognize that a 

detailed description of some of the accountability system elements may not add significantly to 

parents’ or other stakeholders’ understanding of school performance and progress and thus 

believe it is appropriate to allow the State or LEA to provide a Web address for, or direct link to, 

the State plan or another location on the SEA’s Web site for detailed information on the 

accountability system. We do encourage States and LEAs, in developing report cards, to 

consider the amount of information needed to help parents and other stakeholders engage in and 

understand the State accountability system. Finally, the Department is replacing the term 

“rating” with “determination” for the same reasons as we discussed previously in § 200.18.

Changes: We have removed the term summative “rating” in final § 200.32(c)(4) and replaced it 

with “determination.”.

Section 200.33 Calculations for reporting on student achievement and progress toward meeting 

long-term goals 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

223

Reporting on Achievement

Comments: Two commenters supported the requirement in § 200.33(a)(3)(iii) for calculating 

and reporting the results of students at each level of achievement, while others opposed it. A few 

commenters requested that States be able to report information on student achievement using 

something other than percent proficient, including scale scores or a performance index. Other 

commenters suggested that it could be confusing to provide two different calculations for percent 

proficient, with some commenters elaborating that reporting both percentage of students tested 

and not tested in addition to proficiency based on valid test scores would be sufficient to reach 

appropriate conclusions regarding State, LEA, and school achievement information. Finally, 

some commenters requested that the Department add a requirement that States either notify 

parents of students in schools with differences in proficiency rates or explain on State and LEA 

report cards the difference between the two different proficiency calculations.

Discussion: We appreciate commenters who supported the requirement in § 200.33(a)(3)(iii). 

Section 1111(c)(4)(E)(ii) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires that States measure, 

calculate, and report on the Academic Achievement indicator under section 1111(c)(4)(B)(i), in a 

manner in which the denominator includes the greater of either 95 percent of all such students, or 

95 percent of all such students in the subgroup, as the case may be; or the number of students 

participating in the assessments. Thus, with respect to this indicator of a State’s accountability 

system, a school’s performance will be based on this calculation. Because States will use this 

calculation for accountability purposes, we believe it is important to provide States, LEAs, and 

schools with information on student achievement on the reading/language arts, mathematics, and 

science academic assessments described under section 1111(b)(2) that is based on this 

calculation. However, we also believe that it is important to provide information on student 

achievement based on the number of valid test scores, as that represents the achievement of 

students that actually took the assessment. Together, these two calculations will help ensure that 

parents, teachers, principals, and other key stakeholders have access to a more nuanced picture of 

State, LEA, and school performance on the assessments required under the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA.

With respect to reporting on student achievement using a metric other than percent 

proficient, sections 1111(h)(1)(C)(xiv) and (h)(2)(C)(2)(iii) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, provide for States and LEAs to include on report cards any additional information they 

believe will best provide parents, students, and other members of the public with information 

regarding the progress of each of the State’s public elementary and secondary schools. This 

could include additional metrics of school, LEA, and State performance. 

Changes: None.

Reporting Overall and by Grade

Comments: None. 

Discussion: We wish to clarify that, in addition to State and LEA report cards including the 

percentage of students performing at each level of achievement under section 1111(b)(1)(A) of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

224

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, on the academic assessments under section 1111(b)(2) by 

grade, State and LEA report cards must include such information overall. In doing so, report 

cards will convey student achievement for all students at each grade-level tested and also for the 

State, LEA, and school as a whole. Thus, parents and other stakeholders will have a targeted, as 

well as more holistic, understanding of student achievement and be able to identify trends by 

grade and overall. Requiring reporting of these results overall is particularly important for LEA 

report cards that include information for each school served by the LEA, as small schools may 

not have enough students by grade in order to meet a State’s minimum n-size for reporting but 

may have enough students overall by school.

Changes: We have revised § 200.33(a)(1) to require reporting overall and by grade.

Section 200.34 High school graduation rate 

General

Comments: A few commenters generally supported the requirements for calculating the fouryear adjusted cohort graduation rate in proposed § 200.34, while another commenter noted that 

they were little changed from the requirements under the previous regulations. One commenter 

objected to the four-year graduation rate because some students may need less time and some 

may need more time to graduate. Another commenter recommended attaching more value to a 

high school diploma.

Discussion: We appreciate support from commenters for regulations supporting on the 

calculation and reporting of meaningful four-year cohort graduation rates, and agree that they are 

very similar to the previous regulations. One important change, however, is that States and 

LEAs now may include in the numerator of the calculation students with the most significant 

cognitive disabilities who were assessed using the alternate assessment aligned to alternate 

academic achievement standards and receive State-defined alternate diplomas. We believe that 

the four-year adjusted cohort rate is an appropriate measure because it reflects the typical amount 

of time required to obtain a high school diploma, but we note that the regulations permit States to 

implement an extended-year graduation rate. Finally, the significant role of graduation rates for 

high schools in statewide accountability systems demonstrates the high value attached to a high 

school diploma as an essential outcome for all students under the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters raised technical considerations related to the adjusted cohort 

graduation rate, including the need to accurately track students that move between schools,

business rules that may be necessary to account for different types of diplomas or alternative 

schools, and the importance of defining a ninth-grade cohort early in the school year.

Discussion: We believe that the requirements in the final regulations for calculating the adjusted 

cohort graduation rate, combined with State experience in implementing these requirements, 

generally provide both the guidance and flexibility that States need to address the technical 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

225

concerns noted by the commenters. The adjusted cohort graduation rate accounts for many of the

issues identified by commenters in its design. For example, as reflected in § 200.34(b), LEAs 

and schools are required to track students throughout their time in the cohort. Moreover, to 

remove a student from a cohort, schools and LEAs must confirm in writing the basis for such 

removal. Additionally, § 200.34(a)(2), consistent with section 8101(25)(A)(i) and (23)(A)(i) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, includes language that will ensure that the cohort is formed 

early enough in the year that it can account for most attrition, since it requires that a new cohort 

of students is formed no later than the date by which student membership data is collected by 

States for submission to NCES, which is typically near October 1. States should establish clear 

business rules and internal controls so that graduation rates information is tracked accurately at 

the school, LEA, and State levels.

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters suggested alternative metrics to replace or to report in addition to 

the adjusted cohort graduation rate, such as a completion indicator for students who finish high 

school using alternate pathways and timelines or a one-year graduation rate for certain schools 

designed to reengage students who are over age. Another commenter asserted that States should 

be permitted to select or define their own graduation rate measure.

Discussion: The regulations are consistent with section 1111(h)(1)(C)(iii)(II) and (h)(2)(C) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which require that a State and its LEAs calculate and report 

a four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate. A State may also calculate and report, at its 

discretion, one or more extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rates. Completer rates and 

other metrics that do not track students through their high school career mask critical information 

about student outcomes, such as students who drop out earlier in their high school career or 

students who take an extended period of time to graduate. While not required, States may 

include additional metrics that provide supplemental information about students completing high 

school through alternative routes or programs.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter requested clarification in the regulations about the inclusion of 

summer graduates in the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate.

Discussion: Section 8101(23) and (25) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, provides for 

students to be included as graduates in the numerator if they earn a regular high school diploma, 

or State-defined alternate diploma for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities, 

before, during, or at the conclusion of their fourth year of high school or a summer session 

immediately following the fourth year of high school. This permits, but does not require, a State 

to include summer graduates. If a State chooses not to include summer graduates in the 

numerator, those students still must be included in the denominator if they are part of the original 

cohort for that class. 

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

226

Regular High School Diploma Definition

Comments: Many commenters provided input on the definition of the term “regular high school 

diploma” under proposed § 200.34(c)(2), particularly insofar as the definition provides that it 

may not include a diploma based on meeting IEP goals that are not fully aligned with the State’s 

grade-level academic content standards. Although one commenter supported this language, the 

remaining commenters opposed some or all of the language around the IEP diploma. Some 

commenters asserted that the Department should not add to the plain language of the statute, but 

the majority of commenters opposed the language because of the potential unintended 

consequences of allowing an IEP diploma that is based on grade-level standards to be treated as 

equivalent to a regular high school diploma. 

Discussion: We agree with the majority of commenters that a regular high school diploma 

should not include a diploma based on meeting IEP goals, regardless of whether those goals are 

fully aligned with a State’s grade-level academic content standards. Under 34 CFR

300.320(a)(2), each child’s IEP must include a statement of measurable annual goals designed to 

meet the child’s needs that result from the child’s disability to enable the child to be involved 

and make progress in the general education curriculum and to meet each of the child’s other 

educational needs that result from the child’s disability. Although the use of standards-based 

IEPs has greatly expanded, IEP goals cannot serve as a proxy for determining whether a student 

has met a State’s grade-level academic content standards. Therefore, a diploma based on 

meeting IEP goals will not provide a sufficient basis for determining that the student has met a 

State’s grade-level academic content standards; rather, it will only demonstrate that the student 

has attained his or her IEP goals during the annual period covered by the IEP. Therefore, a 

diploma based on attainment of IEP goals, regardless of whether the IEP goals are fully aligned 

with a State’s grade-level content standards, should not be treated as a regular high school 

diploma, and we are revising the final regulations to clarify this point. Finally, as discussed 

previously in the section on Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department’s rulemaking authority under 

section 410 of GEPA, section 414 of the DEOA, and section 1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, allows it to issue regulatory provisions not specifically authorized by statute, and 

we appropriately exercise that authority here given that the regulations fall squarely within, and 

are reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with, section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, consistent with section 1111(e).

Changes: We have revised proposed § 200.34(c)(2) to remove the language “that are not fully 

aligned with the State’s grade level academic content standards” following “such as a diploma 

based on meeting IEP goals.”

State-defined Alternate Diplomas

Comments: Some commenters supported proposed § 200.34(a)(1)(ii), which requires students 

receiving a State-defined alternate diploma to be counted in the numerator of the four-year 

adjusted cohort graduation rate. However, other commenters opposed the retroactive reporting 

requirements in proposed § 200.34(e)(ii)(4)for students who take longer than 4 years to earn an 

alternate diploma. These commenters opposed the proposed method of including students with 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

227

the most significant cognitive disabilities who earn a State-defined alternate diploma in the 

adjusted cohort graduation rate only through retroactive reporting. These commenters 

recommended revising the final regulations to allow students to be included in the year that they 

graduate (instead of tying them to their original cohort and including them retroactively once 

they graduate). Commenters also recommended requiring disaggregation of the number and 

percentage of students with disabilities reported in the adjusted cohort graduation rate by (1)

students receiving a regular high school diploma and (2) students receiving a State-defined 

alternate diploma. 

Discussion: We appreciate the comments supporting the inclusion of students receiving a Statedefined alternate diploma in graduation rate calculations. We also agree with commenters who 

recommended including such students in the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate 

calculation in the year in which they graduate, while still ensuring that they are accounted for in 

a cohort, and are revising the final regulations accordingly. The final regulations will require a

State to keep such a student in his or her original cohort until grade 12 and, at which time the IEP 

team can evaluate if the student is eligible and on track to receive the State-defined alternate 

diploma within the time period for which the State ensures the availability of FAPE. The final 

regulations ensure that a student removed from the cohort in grade 12 will be reassigned to the 

four-year graduation cohort of the year of exit, regardless of how the student exits. Additionally, 

the language allows for a meaningful way to include students with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities in extended-year graduation rates, if such rates are adopted by the State, by including 

such students in the extended-year rates associated with their new cohort (i.e., in the subsequent 

years following their inclusion in the four-year graduation rate). Finally, the change allows for 

students with the most significant disabilities to be meaningfully included in measuring school 

and LEA performance under a State’s accountability system.

We decline to require States to disaggregate graduation rates for students with disabilities 

those receiving a regular high school diploma and the State-defined alternate diploma, in part 

because we believe minimum n-size requirements would limit meaningful reporting of students 

receiving the alternate diploma in most districts. While States have discretion to include such 

disaggregated graduation rate data for students with disabilities on their report cards, they must 

comply with applicable local, State, and Federal privacy protections. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.34(e)(4) by removing the language that required States to 

retroactively update the adjusted cohort graduation rate annually for students with the most 

significant cognitive disabilities receiving the State-defined alternate diploma. We have also 

added § 200.34(b)(5) regarding adjusting the cohort for students with the most significant 

cognitive disabilities who receive a State-defined alternate diploma. 

Comments: One commenter requested that the Department clearly state that a State-defined 

alternate diploma received by a student with the most significant cognitive disabilities should not 

be treated as a regular high school diploma for the purposes of determining the termination of 

services under IDEA.

Discussion: Consistent with the definition of “regular high school diploma” in section 8101(43) 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

228

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, a regular high school diploma must be fully aligned with 

State standards, and may not be aligned with the alternate academic achievement standards 

described in section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA. We agree with commenters that graduation 

from high school with a State-defined alternate diploma does not terminate a student’s 

entitlement to FAPE under IDEA, provided that the student continues to meet the definition of 

“child with a disability” in section 602(3) of the IDEA and is within the State’s mandated age 

range for the provision of FAPE.

Entitlement to FAPE under IDEA could last until an eligible student’s 22nd birthday, 

depending on State law or practice. However, under 34 CFR 300.102(a)(3)(i) a State’s 

obligation to make FAPE available to all children with disabilities does not apply with respect to 

children with disabilities who have graduated from high school with a regular high school 

diploma. However, § 300.102(a)(3)(ii) clarifies that this exception does not apply to children 

with disabilities who have not graduated from high school with a regular high school diploma. 

Because a State-defined alternate diploma for students with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities does not align with the definition of a regular high school diploma, graduation from 

high school with such a diploma does not terminate the obligation of a State and its public 

agencies to make FAPE available until students awarded such a diploma are appropriately exited 

from special education and related services in accordance with § 300.305(e)(1)of the IDEA Part 

B regulations or exceed the age of eligibility for the provision of FAPE under State law. 

Because the IDEA regulations already address this obligation, no further clarification in these 

final regulations is needed.

Changes: None.

Extended-Year Graduation Rate

Comments: Several commenters opposed the requirement in proposed § 200.34(d) that would 

limit an extended-year graduation rate to seven years, and recommended that the Department 

change the proposed number of years from seven to eight years. Commenters argued that this 

more closely corresponds with the time period for which States are required to offer a FAPE 

under the IDEA. One commenter opposed any limitation on the grounds that a State should be 

allowed to include a student in an extended-year rate, regardless of how long it has taken the 

student to graduate. Another commenter did not specifically address the limitation, but opposed 

the requirement that four-year and extended-year graduation rates must be reported separately, 

asserting that it was not aligned with accountability provisions for alternative schools. Another 

commenter recommended that the Department provide guidance encouraging States to report 

extended-year graduation rates in order to capture students that typically take longer than four 

years to graduate.

Discussion: The Department initially proposed to limit extended-year graduation rates to seven 

years because it is consistent with the time period in which most States ensure the availability of 

FAPE and no State currently calculates an extended year rate longer than seven years. We 

acknowledge, however, that some States provide FAPE for a longer period. In light of such 

differences across States, the Department is removing the limitation on extended-year graduation 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

229

rates. 

Although we are removing the limitation on extended-year rates, we nonetheless believe 

that most students not graduating after four years will graduate in five or six years. Further, 

students with the most significant cognitive disabilities receiving a State-defined alternate 

diploma within the time period in which most States ensure the availability of FAPE can be 

included in both the four-year and extended-year graduation rates. For these reasons, the 

Department encourages States to limit extended-year rates to five or six years in order to capture 

the most meaningful information about student graduation outcomes for use in reporting and 

accountability systems.

With respect to the recommendation that States and LEAs not be required to report the 

four-year and extended-year rates separately, and that instead States and LEAs should be able to 

report only one, we note that section 1111(h)(1)(C)(iii)(II) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, specifically requires reporting on four-year graduation rates and, if adopted by the State, 

extended-year graduation rates. If a State chooses to implement an extended-year graduation 

rate, such information is most useful if reported separately from the four-year rate so that 

stakeholders can see the differences in graduation rate outcomes in the additional years beyond 

the four-year rate. Consequently, the Department believes that it is important that those rates be 

reported separately.

We appreciate suggestions from commenters about topics for potential guidance on this 

issue. Should we determine that further guidance is needed related to this issue, we will take 

these comments into consideration.

Changes: The Department has revised § 200.34(d)(2) to remove the requirement that an 

extended-year graduation rate cannot be for a period longer than seven years.

Standard Criteria for Including Certain Subgroups

Comments: Many commenters responded to the Department’s directed question seeking input 

on whether to create standard criteria for including children with disabilities, English learners, 

children who are homeless, and children who are in foster care in their corresponding subgroups

within the adjusted cohort graduation rate calculation. A number of commenters supported 

standardizing the criteria for including students within these subgroups in the graduation rate 

calculation. Commenters generally addressed only one or two of the subgroups identified in the 

question, and, together, the comments offered different recommendations for different subgroups 

(e.g., different recommendations for English Learners than students in foster care). A number of 

commenters submitted comments assuming the Department was suggesting standardizing all 

students in the directed question.

Some commenters focused generally on standard criteria for all four subgroups identified 

in the directed question. Several of these commenters supported basing a student’s inclusion in a 

subgroup on being part of that subgroup at any time during the cohort period. Several 

commenters supported creating standard criteria, but suggested either different criteria based on 

the specific characteristics of the subgroup, or getting input from stakeholders, such as States and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

230

advocates, about the appropriate criteria for each subgroup. 

Several commenters opposed requiring standard criteria, specifying that the decision 

should be left to States. Of these, two commenters included recommendations for the 

Department to consider if it decided to require standard criteria. One commenter recommended 

including students in the subgroup if they were part of that subgroup at any time during the 

cohort period. The other recommended that the Department consider current practices of States 

and align the requirements to the method used by a majority of States.

Many commenters addressed children with disabilities specifically. The majority of 

commenters supporting standardization suggested including children with disabilities if (1) they 

were a member of the subgroup at graduation and (2) they had spent the majority of their time in 

high school in the subgroup. The rest of the supporting commenters suggested varied 

approaches for standardization (e.g., at any time, at the time of graduation). 

Some commenters addressed English learners specifically. One commenter requested 

special criteria and additional disaggregation for students who are English learners and have 

been part of Native American Language Schools and Programs for at least six years. Other 

commenters supported requiring standard criteria, but suggested different approaches for 

determining those criteria. Commenters suggested: basing a student’s membership in a cohort if 

they were part of that subgroup at any time during the cohort period; requiring standard criteria 

appropriate to the characteristics of the subgroups; and aligning the criteria with other definitions 

associated with English learners (e.g., aligning with long term English learners or including 

former English learners).

Many other commenters addressed concerns related to students who are homeless and 

students who are in foster care specifically and supported requiring standard criteria. All 

commenters supporting standard criteria for these groups suggested basing a student’s 

membership in a cohort on whether they were part of that subgroup at any time during the cohort 

period and emphasized that this is particularly important for these groups since they may move 

in and out of that subgroup multiple times while they are in school and point in time counts 

would underrepresent the population. A subset of these commenters suggested that graduation 

rates should be reported both for students that were part of that subgroup at any time during the 

cohort period and students who were part of that subgroup at the time of graduation. 

Commenters indicated that if only one rate for these groups was possible, their preference was 

for the former. One commenter requested additional clarity regarding the assignment of students 

to particular subgroups. The commenter requested clarity as to whether a student could be 

assigned to multiple subgroups (e.g., the English learner subgroup and the children with 

disabilities subgroup), or if a student could only be assigned to one. If the latter, the commenter 

requested information on which group would take precedence.

Discussion: We agree that requiring standard criteria for the inclusion of specific subgroups in 

the graduation rate calculation will make the data more useful. One of the key reasons for 

requiring an adjusted cohort graduation rate is to ensure that all States use a consistent 

graduation rate calculation, which allows data to be compared across States. While differences 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

231

in graduation rate requirements mean that there will continue to be some limitations to the 

comparability of the data, we believe that any step that improves the comparability of the data 

will improve the ability of parents and other stakeholders to use the data as intended. We note 

that this standard criteria is solely for the purpose of calculating and reporting on graduation rate 

data. 

We disagree with the recommended approach of those commenters that supported 

standardizing the criteria for how children with disabilities are included in the cohort graduation 

rate calculation. The commenters suggested including children with disabilities if (1) they were

a member of the subgroup at graduation and (2) they had spent the majority of their time in high 

school in the subgroup. The Department is unaware of any State that currently uses this approach 

when including children with disabilities in the cohort. Moreover, the Department believes that 

States, LEAs, and schools should be able to count children with disabilities if such children

remain in that subgroup throughout high school or if they successfully exit from special 

education services in high school, as the data represent the long-term effort by States, LEAs, and 

schools to serve these students. The Department is also concerned that following the suggested

approach could encourage States to unnecessarily retain some higher functioning students with 

disabilities in special education services in order to count these students in the disability 

subgroup. Additionally, we note that, under § 299.14(c)(5), each State must assure that it has 

policies and procedures in place regarding the appropriate identification of children with 

disabilities consistent with the child find evaluation requirements in section 612(a)(3) and (a)(7) 

of the IDEA. We feel confident that this will mitigate against the risk of students being 

inappropriately identified. 

In response to commenters indicating that a student should be included in the English 

learners subgroup for purposes of reporting the adjusted cohort graduation rate if he or she was 

part of that subgroup at any time during the cohort period, we are revising § 200.34(e)(2) to 

require this practice for the limited purpose of reporting the adjusted cohort graduation rate under 

the ESEA. As with students with disabilities, this approach under the ESEA recognizes the longterm effort by States, LEAs, and schools to serve these students even if they are not English 

learners at the time they graduate.

We agree with commenters indicating that students who are homeless and students who 

are in foster care should be included in those subgroups for purposes of reporting the adjusted 

cohort graduation rate if they were part of the subgroup at any time during the cohort period. We

agree that these students will move in and out of these subgroups depending on their current 

situation and that only capturing these students at the time of graduation would risk significantly 

underreporting these students.

On balance, the Department believes that the final regulations will create more 

consistency in graduation rate reporting for specific subgroups, which is an important 

improvement to current reporting practices which have made it difficult to compare certain 

subgroups across States. We believe that the long term benefits of increasing the comparability 

across States outweigh the interruption of the longitudinal data and the one-time effort to change 

business rules. Further, it seems appropriate to use this opportunity to require this approach for 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

232

subgroups newly required for purposes of reporting adjusted cohort graduation rates under the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, (i.e., students who are homeless and students in foster care) to 

ensure that students in these groups are appropriately and consistently captured in graduation 

rates.

We note that a number of commenters indicated that further disaggregation of certain 

subgroups would provide the most useful information for understanding student graduation 

outcomes. While we understand that this information may be useful, the statute includes a 

specific list of subgroups for which disaggregation is required. As such, the Department will not

require further disaggregation; however, States and LEAs are free to add further information to 

their report cards if they believe that further detail will convey useful context for their 

stakeholders.

Additionally, the Department notes that a commenter requested further clarification about 

subgroup inclusion. In this regard, we note that students can be included in multiple subgroups, 

and we expect that an individual student will be counted in any subgroup that applies to that 

student. For example, a student with a disability who is also an English learner would be 

counted in both subgroups. 

Changes: We have added § 200.34(e)(2), which requires a State to include children with 

disabilities, English learners, children who are homeless, and children who are in foster care in 

the respective subgroup for the limited purpose of reporting the adjusted cohort graduation rate 

under the ESEA, if such students were identified as a member of the subgroup at any time during 

the cohort period.

Transfers to prisons or juvenile facilities

Comments: A number of commenters supported the Department’s clarification related to cohort 

removal for students transferring to prison or juvenile facilities, and the requirement under 

proposed § 200.34(b)(3)(iii) that these students can be removed from the cohort only if they 

participate in a program that culminates in the award of a diploma aligned to the statutory 

requirements. These commenters also suggested revisions to the requirement, including revising 

it to align with the statute, which defines “transferred out” as having transferred to an educational 

program “from which the student is expected to receive” a regular high school diploma or Statedefined alternate diploma, as opposed to the proposed regulation, which focused on a student’s 

transfer to a program “that culminates in the award of” a regular or State-defined alternate high 

school diploma. Many commenters also requested that the Department clarify that a student can 

be removed from the cohort only if he or she has been adjudicated as delinquent, and one 

commenter further suggested that the student must also be enrolled in an educational program in 

a prison or juvenile facility for at least one year.

Many commenters suggested further clarifying the requirement in a number of other 

ways, including by specifying that, to be removed from a sending school’s cohort, a student must 

be “meaningfully participating” in an education program while in a prison or juvenile facility, 

that documentation of the transfer must include written confirmation of the student’s enrollment 

in an educational program from which he or she can expect to receive a regular high school 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

233

diploma, and that the provisions related to partial enrollment also apply to students in prison or 

juvenile facilities. A few commenters recommended adding a requirement to disaggregate 

graduation rate data for students who are in the juvenile justice system.

Two commenters opposed the proposed requirement, indicating that States may have 

trouble complying because they may lack authority over juvenile facilities and students in those 

facilities. One commenter noted that it would not be possible to produce consistent data across 

States.

Several commenters requested further guidance from the Department about 

responsibilities for educating students in juvenile facilities. Most of these commenters requested 

that the Department address the timing for transferring a student from the sending school, the 

process for transferring a student from a prison or juvenile facility back into a school, and 

requirements for oversight and accountability of schools in these facilities. One commenter 

requested further clarification on which LEA is responsible for a student that enters a prison or 

juvenile facility that does not award the applicable diploma types.

Discussion: We appreciate the comments noting that certain proposed regulatory language 

differed from the statutory language, and agree that it is more appropriate to use the statutory 

language. We also agree with commenters who suggested that a student must be adjudicated as 

delinquent, and that it must be clear that the student will be enrolled in a program from which he

or she can expect to receive a regular high school diploma or State-defined alternate diploma,

before the student can be removed from the sending school’s cohort. Students who are awaiting 

hearings and who have not yet been adjudicated as delinquent may end up in a different facility, 

may transfer to another school, or may be released and return to their sending school. As such, 

the result of the adjudication and the student’s placement should be clear before the student is 

removed from the cohort. 

We also agree that a student should not be removed from a cohort unless the student will

be in a facility long enough that he or she can expect to receive a regular high school diploma or, 

if applicable, a State-defined alternate diploma for students with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities from the facility. While the Department does not agree with comments suggesting

that a student must remain in the facility for at least a year before being removed the sending 

school’s cohort, the Department does believe that it is reasonable to clarify that a student should 

be in a facility long enough to receive a diploma from that facility. Otherwise, the student 

should remain in the cohort of the sending school, since the student would be expected to 

transfer back to the sending school before the time of his or her graduation. Further, upon a 

student’s release from a prison or juvenile facility, it is critical for the LEA or school that the 

student previously attended to re-engage with the student to ensure a positive and supportive

transition that provides a pathway to a regular or State-approved alternative high school diploma. 

The Department encourages LEAs and schools to maintain an open line of communication with 

prisons and juvenile facilities to help ensure that students who are assigned to, and ultimately 

released from, such facilities receive an appropriate education and do not disappear from a 

graduation cohort. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

234

The Department appreciates the suggestion that a student must “meaningfully participate” 

in an education program in a prison or juvenile facility, but, given the inherent challenge in 

defining that term, we decline to add it to the regulation. We do, however, encourage States to 

implement procedures to ensure that educational programs in prisons and juvenile facilities are 

of high quality. 

The Department does not believe that it is necessary to revise the language on partial 

enrollment to clarify that the requirements related to reporting on students partially enrolled also 

apply to students in juvenile facilities. The Department believes that the language as written will 

apply to those facilities, and that adding specific language to that section will not clarify the 

requirement, but will instead create confusion.

The Department notes that some commenters have indicated that disaggregating data for 

students in juvenile justice facilities will provide useful information for understanding their 

graduation outcomes. While we understand that this information may be useful, we decline to 

expand the statutory list of subgroups for which disaggregation is required. We note, however, 

that States are free to add to their report cards information that they believe will be useful for 

their stakeholders.

We appreciate suggestions from commenters about topics for potential guidance on this 

issue. Should we determine that further guidance is needed related to this issue, we will take 

these comments into consideration.

Changes: We have revised § 200.34(b)(3)(iii) to align with statutory language by replacing the 

phrase “culminates in the award of” with the phrase “expected to receive” a diploma. The 

Department has further revised § 200.34(b)(3)(iii) to clarify that, in order for students that 

transfer to a prison or juvenile facility to be removed from a cohort, there must first be an 

adjudication of delinquency and the student must be expected to receive a regular high school 

diploma or State-defined alternate diploma during the period in which the student is assigned to 

the prison or juvenile facility.

Cross Reference to the Assessment Regulation

Comments: None.

Discussion: In defining “alternate diploma” under proposed § 200.34(c), the Department crossreferenced a proposed requirement in § 200.6(d)(1) related to assessment requirements under 

title I, part A, of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that was subject to negotiated rulemaking 

under the ESSA and on which the negotiated rulemaking committee reached consensus. This 

proposed requirement, included in a notice of proposed rulemaking published in the Federal 

Register on July 11, 2016, would require a State to adopt guidelines for IEP teams to use when 

determining which students with the most significant cognitive disabilities should take an 

alternate assessment aligned with alternate academic achievement standards, including a State 

definition of students with the most significant cognitive disabilities. These proposed

requirements have not been finalized and, as a result, the Department is removing this language

from the final regulations. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

235

Changes: We have revised § 200.34(c)(3)to remove references to proposed § 200.6(d)(1). 

Section 200.35 Per-pupil expenditures 

Student Count Procedure

Comments: One commenter supported the use of an October 1 membership count as the uniform 

denominator used in per-pupil expenditure calculations. Several commenters, however, noted 

that many States define student counts for State-determined school finance formulas using a date 

other than October 1 and, as a result, States could be required to collect additional enrollment 

count data to comply with the requirements in proposed § 200.35(c)(2). Several commenters

recommended that we revise the requirement to provide States greater flexibility, by, for 

example, requiring States to specify a uniform statewide definition of student count, requiring a 

State and its LEAs to use the same student count for per-pupil expenditures as is used for State 

funding allocations, or allowing States to select either the October 1 count or the student count 

the State uses for State funding allocations. 

Discussion: We acknowledge that States use various methods to measure student enrollment for 

use in State-determined school finance formulas. However, all States annually report to NCES, 

by LEA and school for every grade that is offered, a uniform membership count (i.e., enrollment)

of all students to whom each LEA provides a free public education on or about October 1. This 

measure is a count of the number of students for whom the reporting LEA is financially 

responsible and is collected annually by NCES through Common Core of Data (CCD) collection. 

This information is then used to calculate per-pupil expenditures by LEA and State, as reported 

by NCES through the National Public Education Financial, LEA Finance (F-33) surveys, and by 

school, as reported to NCES through the pilot School-Level Finance survey. We recognize that 

SEAs also report average daily attendance (ADA) data to NCES to determine the average State 

Per Pupil Expenditure (SPPE) for elementary and secondary education. But because ADA data 

is not comparable across States, we elect to follow the NCES convention of using membership 

data to calculate and report expenditures per pupil for public reporting purposes. Further, by 

establishing minimum requirements that align with existing data collections we are limiting the 

burden on States and LEAs for complying with this new statutory requirement. 

Therefore, to encourage consistent, fair, and aligned reporting practices across States and 

LEAs, we decline to change the manner in which the number of students is determined for 

purposes of calculating per-pupil expenditures. We are, however, modifying the regulation to

clarify that the NCES CCD enrollment count data that is used to calculate per-pupil expenditures

for annual report card purposes must reflect enrollment data from “on or about” October 1.

Changes: We have revised § 200.35(c)(2) to clarify that the denominator used for purposes of 

calculating per-pupil expenditures must use the student count data from “on or about” October 1, 

consistent with the figure reported to NCES.

Comments: Several commenters asked if the per-pupil expenditure denominator should include 

preschool students and if preschool students are included in the membership count collected by 

NCES.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

236

Discussion: The CCD collection includes an annual count of students, which includes students 

in the group or classes that are part of a public school program that is taught in the year or years 

preceding kindergarten. Therefore, the expenditure denominator should include preschool 

students.

Changes: We have revised § 200.35(c)(2) to clarify that the denominator used for purposes of 

calculating per-pupil expenditures must include preschool enrollment, consistent with the 

universe portion of the school CCD collection student membership definition.

Account code definitions

Comments: Many commenters requested that the Department specify account code definitions 

to enable States to calculate per-pupil expenditures. For example, one commenter supported the 

proposed rule because it would ensure all schools have fair and equitable access to funds and 

would broaden public knowledge of resource disparities, but requested that the Department 

require States and LEAs to implement a uniform chart of accounts that identifies additional 

categories of expenditures to increase transparency. A number of other commenters stated that 

proposed § 200.35 is ambiguous about the definition of private funds. One commenter proposed 

a different set of expenditure categories to include on report cards than those in the proposed 

regulations. 

Discussion: We agree with commenters that definitions should be clear for all entities 

calculating and reporting per-pupil expenditures. We also believe, where feasible, calculations 

should be uniform across States and consistent with existing data collections, so that the public 

can easily compare and contrast school system spending patterns. To this end, the final 

regulations clearly specify the composition of the numerator and denominator for the calculation, 

including the types of expenditures that must be included. Additionally, to the extent possible, § 

200.35 aligns current expenditure reporting requirements with existing NCES collection 

procedures.

However, we do not specify or require the use of particular account codes because we 

believe that States should have flexibility to develop and implement the uniform statewide 

procedures for calculating and reporting per-pupil expenditures that work best for the unique 

configurations and capacities of their LEAs and schools. Nevertheless, we encourage States to 

adopt statewide account code definitions aligned with those found in the NCES Financial 

Accounting for Local and State School Systems handbook (NCES handbook, available at: 

http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2015/2015347.pdf), in recognition of the fact that States already use these

definitions for existing NCES data collections and their adoption for the purpose of calculating 

per-pupil expenditures thus would minimum the administrative burden of meeting the new

reporting requirements. 

Changes: None.

Classification of expenditures

Comments: Many commenters requested clarification as to whether local funds should include 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

237

local revenue from rent/royalties and fees collected and expressed concern that the proposed 

regulation does not account for other Federal funds that are similar to Impact Aid. Another

commenter requested guidance on how to report final Impact Aid payments made during the 

preceding fiscal year. 

Discussion: We generally believe that States have both the discretion and the responsibility to 

clarify the composition of local revenues as well as other revenue classifications as part of 

developing their statewide procedures for calculating LEA- and school-level expenditures per 

pupil. As noted previously, we encourage States to adopt NCES handbook account code 

definitions, but decline to prescribe additional requirements in these final regulations. However, 

we do believe that funding from other Federal programs designed offset losses in local tax 

revenues should be counted as State and local funds, and we are revising the final regulations 

accordingly. The Department will consider providing additional information on these types of 

Federal programs, along with suggestions on how to report final Impact Aid payments made 

during the preceding fiscal year, in non-regulatory guidance. 

Changes: We have revised § 200.35(a) and (b) to clarify that State and LEA report cards must,

when reporting per-pupil expenditures, include with State and local funds all Federal funds 

intended to replace local tax revenues.

Implementation Concerns

Comments: Several commenters expressed concern that States and LEAs lack sufficiently 

detailed data or accounting systems to collect and report school-level expenditures, making the 

proposed requirements costly, impractical, burdensome, and likely to yield little useful 

information. One commenter stated that the regulations would force LEAs to invest significant 

resources to report school-level expenditures that ultimately will not provide a meaningful 

measure of expenditure reporting.

Discussion: We disagree with the concerns that school-level reporting of expenditures may not 

provide valuable insight to local administrators and agree with other commenters who have 

asserted that these data will be an important source of information for administrators, parents, 

and local stakeholders. 

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter suggested the Department require only personnel costs to be 

reported at the school level because of the difficulty of reporting other types of expenditures that 

are shared by schools within an LEA. Many commenters stated specifically that centrally 

managed support services, such as food service or transportation, are not easily disaggregated or 

reported at the school level. Two commenters suggested that the Department adopt more 

detailed requirements for expenditure reporting at the school and LEA levels. 

Many commenters requested further clarification of the requirements, including, for 

example, specifying a uniform standard procedure for allocating expenditures at the school level

or even requiring LEAs to assign all expenditures to the school level. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

238

One commenter stated that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, allows central office 

expenditures to be excluded from school-level reporting and that assigning expenditures to 

individual schools would be complicated by different LEA accounting methodologies, resulting 

in data quality issues. 

One commenter suggested the Department add requirements that LEAs report the 

comparison between LEA average expenditures and individual schools and the percentage of 

LEA expenditures on administration and shared services. One commenter expressed concern 

over the reporting procedures for State payments to private preschool providers. One commenter 

recommended that the Department not specify an order of operation for calculating per-pupil 

expenditures, stating that some States are capable of calculating school-level expenditures 

without LEA reports.

Discussion: We appreciate the varied suggestions offered by commenters, which collectively 

demonstrate both the importance and difficulty of producing uniform and clear per-pupil 

expenditure data at the school and LEA levels. We also acknowledge the decision to report 

certain types of expenditures only at the LEA level requires serious deliberation that considers 

the merits of alternative reporting approaches. However, we also believe such decisions are best 

made by States, with input from local stakeholders. For this reason § 200.35 requires States to 

develop and clearly describe the statewide uniform procedures that delineate which expenditures 

are reported at the school and LEA levels, including how school-level expenditures are reported 

as they relate to LEA expenditures. 

Based on the comments received, it also appears some commenters may have 

misinterpreted the proposed regulations. Although States will determine which expenditures are 

reported at the school level, under proposed § 200.35 it is up to States to determine if 

expenditures such as superintendent salaries or food service costs are excluded from school-level 

reporting and only reported at the LEA level. 

In addition, we believe that the establishment of national uniform school-level reporting 

procedures could stifle innovative approaches to reporting per-pupil expenditures and would fail 

to take into account local considerations and State laws. Because the statewide approaches will 

be uniformly applied within a State, implementation of proposed § 200.35 preserves the ability 

of within and cross-LEA comparisons of per-pupil expenditures. 

Changes: None.

Comment: One commenter asked the Department to clarify the meaning of expenditures not 

allocated to public schools and whether school-level expenditures in aggregate equal total LEA 

expenditures. 

Discussion: We believe it is necessary to clarify how current expenditures not reported at the 

school level are reported and are revising the final regulations accordingly.

Changes: We have revised § 200.35(a)(2) and (b)(2) to clarify that State and LEA report cards 

must report the total current expenditures that were not reported in school-level per-pupil 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

239

expenditure figures.

Comment: One commenter stated that reporting school-level expenditures would cause the 

increased use of pull-out models of instruction for students. 

Discussion: We disagree with the concerns that school-level reporting of expenditures could 

cause increased use of pull-out models of instruction for students and are unaware of research 

demonstrating a link between school-level expenditure reporting and commensurate shifts in the 

use of pull-out instruction for students.

Changes: None.

Reporting Exemptions

Comments: Several commenters requested an exemption for small and rural LEAs from the perpupil expenditure reporting requirement, suggesting such an exemption would be consistent with 

similar exemptions under other title I provisions. 

Discussion: While the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, includes special provisions for rural and 

small LEAs in a number of areas, there is no such provision related to the reporting requirement 

for per-pupil expenditures under section 1111(h)(C)(x). Moreover, advocates for rural and small 

LEAs have long expressed concerns about funding equity and other resource challenges faced by 

such LEAs, and reporting on per-pupil expenditures will support greater transparency and 

analysis around such concerns. Identifying resource disparities among LEAs of all types is a key 

goal of the new per-pupil expenditures reporting requirement, and we do not believe excluding 

the one-third to one-half of all LEAs that are small and/or rural from the new requirement would 

be consistent with this goal.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters addressed the inclusion of expenditures from private 

sources in per-pupil expenditure reporting, with some commenters requesting clarification on the 

exclusion of private funds, others recommending that the final regulations require that they be 

included, and one commenter asking the Department to encourage States and LEAs to include 

them voluntarily. 

Discussion: Under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(x) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, States and 

LEAs must report per-pupil expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds. Funds from private 

sources do not fall within any of these three categories, which encompass only public funds. 

Therefore, § 200.35 requires the exclusion of private funds from per-pupil expenditure reporting. 

We nonetheless encourage States and LEAs to consider improving transparency around 

education finances by including the reporting on the use of private funds for public educational 

purposes. 

Changes: None.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

240

Disaggregating Per-pupil Expenditure Data

Comments: Some commenters supported the requirement in proposed § 200.35(a)(1)(i)(B) and 

(b)(1)(i)(B) that per-pupil expenditures must be disaggregated by (1) Federal and (2) State/local 

funds. One commenter claimed, however, that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires 

that per-pupil expenditures be disaggregated separately for Federal, State, and local funds and 

requested that proposed § 200.35 be revised to also require disaggregation of State and local 

funds. Another commenter recommended further disaggregating per-pupil expenditures by 

grade level. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters support for the method of disaggregating Federal, 

State, and local funds in § 200.35(a)(1)(i)(B) and (b)(1)(i)(B). The Department disagrees with 

the commenter claiming the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires that Federal, State, and 

local funds be separately disaggregated. Although the section 1111(h)(1)(C)(x) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, requires that per-pupil expenditures be disaggregated by source of funds, 

it does not specify the level at which such disaggregation must occur. Thus, § 200.35(a)(1)(i) 

and (b)(1)(i) clarify that a State and its LEAs are required to report per-pupil expenditures in 

total (i.e., including all Federal, State, and local funds) and disaggregated by (1) Federal funds, 

and (2) State and local funds. Because typical LEA accounting procedures do not require State 

and local funds to be separately tracked, implementation of the commenter’s proposal would be 

impractical, complicated, and would likely result in the dissemination of inaccurate fiscal data to 

the public. Further, States with more sophisticated accounting systems that are able to 

disaggregate per-pupil expenditure reporting by Federal, State, and local funds are not precluded 

from including such data on their report cards. Similarly, States are welcome to include 

disaggregated per-pupil expenditure data by grade level on annual State and LEA report cards, 

but it is not required under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: None.

Uniform Statewide Procedure

Comments: Many commenters supported the regulations proposed § 200.35, arguing that the 

regulations will increase transparency in a manner that will allow the public to identify and 

address financial inequities within a State. Several commenters strongly supported the 

requirement in proposed § 200.35(c) that States develop a single statewide procedure for LEA 

and State use, arguing implementation of these regulations will allow the public to hold States, 

LEAs, and school leaders accountable for ensuring that schools and LEAs serving traditionally 

underserved populations are provided the resources they need to succeed academically. 

Commenters also stated the uniform procedure requirement will allow for consistent presentation 

of financial data that can be used to evaluate how investments impact student outcomes, which 

will result in more informed budgetary decisions by local policymakers. Several commenters 

recommended removing the uniform statewide procedure requirement to allow States and LEAs 

to calculate per-pupil expenditures in the manner they determine appropriate.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the support of commenters, including the specific 

support for the uniform procedures requirement in § 200.35(c). The Department disagrees with 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

241

the commenter regarding the removal of this provision. We agree the commenters in support of 

this requirement that absent standard definitions and a statewide procedure for calculating

expenditures, per-pupil expenditure data would not be comparable and would not support 

meaningful analysis of resource inequities between and within LEAs and schools across a State.

Changes: None.

Alignment with Existing Data Collection Requirements

Comments: Several commenters suggested the development of a statewide school finance 

reporting system that is able to comply with proposed § 200.35 requirements would be onerous 

and recommended that States report in a uniform manner as determined by the State. One 

commenter asked if the Department will align with NCES’s fiscal collection requirements and 

whether NCES will cease publishing fiscal collection results once per-pupil expenditures are 

disseminated through annual State and LEA report cards. One commenter argued a universal 

per-pupil expenditure reporting requirement is incongruous with the recent increase of the singleaudit expenditure threshold for non-Federal entities from $500,000 to $750,000. 

Discussion: In clarifying the per-pupil expenditure reporting requirements under the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, the Department sought to align these requirements, to the extent 

practicable, with the requirements of the NCES National Public Education Financial Survey, the 

LEA Finance survey (F-33), and the School-Level Finance pilot survey. We believe this 

approach will allow for more efficient administration of new collection and reporting processes. 

We note, however, that the new ESEA reporting requirements will not replace NCES reporting 

of national expenditure survey data, which will continue to be of use to education researchers, 

policymakers, and the public because they allow for precise comparisons of LEA and SEA 

spending patterns over time. Further, existing NCES collections are not as timely as State and 

LEA report cards and do not report on school-level expenditures.

Regarding the comment referencing the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost 

Principals, and Audit Requirements in part 200 of title 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations, the 

Department disagrees with claims that single audit requirements are misaligned with per-pupil 

expenditure requirements, as these separate requirements are in place for different purposes 

under different regulations. The administration of a single audit ensures that Federal funds are 

expended properly, while universal per-pupil reporting requirements ensure the public has access 

to comparable fiscal data.

Changes: None.

Data Interpretation

Comments: Two commenters questioned the value of reporting per-pupil expenditures, arguing 

such reporting can be misleading depending on local factors such as cost-of living. 

Discussion: Under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(x) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, States and 

LEAs must report per-pupil expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds. The Department 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

242

agrees that the per-pupil expenditure data collected and reported under § 200.35 must be 

presented and analyzed with care, taking into account within-State variations based on multiple 

factors, including differences in the cost of education. However, we anticipate that States will 

include such context, where appropriate, in their presentation of per-pupil expenditure data on 

State and local report cards. For example, a State could choose to also provide cost-of-living 

adjusted data on its report card if it determined this would be valuable for accurate cross-district 

comparisons.

Changes: None.

General Opposition

Comments: A numbered of commenters expressed opposition to proposed § 200.35, variously 

claiming that its provisions are not required or are inconsistent with the requirements of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA; that the proposed regulations exceed the Department’s 

authority; that requiring uniform procedures for calculating per-pupil expenditures could limit 

SEA and LEA flexibility to meet local needs; that reporting per-pupil expenditures could lead to 

pressure to equalize education funding, including for charter schools; and that it is not clear how 

such reporting will affect compliance with the title I, part A supplement not supplant or

comparability requirements. In response to such concerns, commenters generally recommended 

either striking the provisions of the proposed regulations that are not explicitly required under the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA; making such provisions permissive; or replacing most of 

proposed § 200.35 with non-regulatory guidance. 

Discussion: Section 200.35 clarifies reporting requirements established by section 

1111(h)(1)(C)(x) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, so that local policymakers, parents, 

and the public can easily understand how public education funds are distributed across LEAs and 

schools. The regulations establish minimum requirements to ensure timely access to comparable 

spending data, but do not mandate equal per-pupil funding at the LEA or school level, prescribe 

how such data should be used in implementing supplement not supplant or comparability 

requirements, or require reporting of additional information to the Department beyond that 

required by statute. Further, as discussed previously under Cross-Cutting Issues, the Department

has rulemaking authority under section 410 of GEPA, section 414 of the DEOA, and the section 

1601(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Given that rulemaking authority and that the 

regulations fall squarely within the scope of title I, part A of the statute, consistent with section 

1111(e), it is not necessary for the statute to specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a 

particular regulatory provision.

Changes: None.

Section 200.36 Postsecondary enrollment 

Definition of Programs of Postsecondary Education

Comments: Two commenters supported the proposal in § 200.36(a)(2) to define “programs of 

postsecondary education” in the same manner as “institution of higher education” as that term is 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

243

defined under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). One commenter expressed 

concern about the definition, indicating that it was unclear how it would accommodate programs 

specific to children with disabilities that grant certificates instead of degrees. One commenter 

disagreed with the rationale for using the HEA definition (to promote consistency in data 

reporting and allow users to compare across States), indicating that the use of this definition 

would not create comparability across States due to different sizes and structures of 

postsecondary systems across States. 

Discussion: We agree with the comments supporting the proposal to define the term “programs 

of postsecondary education” to align with the definition of “institution of higher education” used 

in the HEA. We believe that it is important that States report on enrollment in accredited twoand four-year institutions, as specified in the existing HEA definition. With respect to the 

concerns raised about comparability across States, we acknowledge that this definition does 

present limitations for cross-State comparisons due to the differences in postsecondary structures 

across States. Nonetheless, we believe that requiring the use of the HEA definition will promote 

consistency in data reporting, since all States will be including postsecondary institutions based 

on the same parameters. 

We do not agree that the definition should accommodate students with disabilities who 

receive certificates of completion. This metric is intended to capture postsecondary enrollment 

of students earning diploma types consistent with the graduation rate requirements in § 200.34. 

States are able to include additional metrics of postsecondary actions if they wish to provide 

more robust information to parents and other stakeholders.

Changes: None.

Postsecondary Indicators

Comments: Some commenters requested adding further indicators related to postsecondary 

activities to the regulations. Some commenters noted that the postsecondary indicators were 

solely focused on entry into education programs and suggested that they be expanded to include 

other postsecondary actions such as community-based roles, the military, job training programs, 

or service organizations. Two commenters recommended including language indicating that 

postsecondary enrollment includes additional metrics, such as the number of courses taken 

without the need for remediation and postsecondary completion. One commenter requested 

disaggregation of postsecondary enrollment data by students receiving a regular high school 

diploma and students receiving an alternate diploma; and another commenter requested 

disaggregation by two- and four-year institutions. This commenter also requested that the 

Department require additional information on numbers of students receiving scholarships or 

grants. 

Discussion: We appreciate commenters who indicated that there are important postsecondary 

metrics, including metrics beyond enrollment in programs of postsecondary education, that 

provide a more comprehensive picture of student actions after high school. We agree that there 

are many important postsecondary indicators that would provide parents and other stakeholders 

with useful information. However, the Department is cognizant of the many reporting 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

244

requirements already included in the State report card, as well as the particular challenge 

involved in linking secondary and postsecondary information. As such, the Department declines 

to impose additional burden on States by requiring additional postsecondary measures on State 

and LEA report cards. We note, however, that at its discretion a State may choose to include 

additional information on report cards. 

Changes: None.

Providing Information “Where Available”

Comments: Several commenters expressed support for the language in § 200.36(c) clarifying 

that postsecondary enrollment data is “available” and therefore must be reported under proposed 

§ 200.36(a) if a State is obtaining it or if it is obtainable, and that States that cannot meet the 

reporting requirement must include on report cards the year in which they expect complete data 

to be available. Of these, one commenter specifically expressed support for part of the 

Department’s rationale, which stated that at least 47 States can currently produce high school 

feedback reports, and encouraged the Department to consider guidance on making data as 

transparent and accessible as possible. Two commenters expressed concern with the 

requirement, indicating that there would be an ongoing cost associated with meeting the 

requirement. One commenter additionally detailed the current challenges and burden of 

obtaining data from postsecondary institutions due to privacy legislation, necessity to work with 

multiple entities, data quality issues, and the challenge in capturing students in private and outof-State institutions. One commenter suggested that the Department should consider a funding 

mechanism that would enable the use of National Student Clearinghouse data for all States.

Discussion: We appreciate comments supporting the requirement to clarify the meaning of 

“available.” As noted by one commenter, many States already have the capacity to report on at 

least some postsecondary enrollment data, indicating that most States should be able to meet the 

requirement to track some, if not all, students in a graduating class. This requirement is intended 

to ensure that as many States as possible make postsecondary enrollment information available 

so that parents and stakeholders have access to information about how successfully each public 

high school is in graduating students who go on to enroll in postsecondary programs. 

Additionally, reporting publicly on when data will be available if they are not already available 

will encourage States not currently able to meet the requirements to obtain and make available 

this information.

We recognize that linking secondary and postsecondary data systems is challenging and 

requires an investment in new system infrastructure and processes. States are free to obtain the 

data from any source available to them, and States currently linking their systems approach this 

in a number of ways. Some States use the National Student Clearinghouse, which houses the 

most comprehensive information on postsecondary actions, but also requires an ongoing 

investment. States are not required to use this source, and some States are developing other 

innovative ways of obtaining data, including data sharing agreements or memoranda of 

understanding with other agencies. States engaging in data sharing agreements may contribute 

data to centralized repositories (centralized model), or store data separately and link data on 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

245

demand (federated model). Acknowledging the added challenge of obtaining data on private or 

out-of-State institutions, Congress specifically differentiated requirements for those institution 

types compared to public, in-State institutions by adding “to the extent practicable” to the 

statutory requirements. The Department understands that new data elements, particularly those 

that involve the complexity of navigating multiple systems, will have data quality challenges; 

however, we believe that States need to continue to proactively develop the necessary processes to 

report these metrics in order for critical information on postsecondary actions to improve. States 

should clearly document limitations in their reported data to ensure that it is interpreted 

appropriately. 

The Department also understands that data-sharing agreements can create privacy 

concerns and encourages States to use the Department’s Privacy Technical Assistance Center, 

which provides resources on best practices for ensuring the confidentiality and security of 

personally identifiable information.

Changes: None.

Other

Comments: One commenter indicated that students should only be counted in the numerator as 

enrolling in a program of postsecondary education if they have enrolled in credit-bearing 

coursework without the need for remediation.

Discussion: We appreciate the desire to ensure that the postsecondary enrollment metric is a 

meaningful measure of college-readiness. However, the Department also believes that adding 

further parameters to the requirement creates added burden and many States are still in the early 

stages of linking their data systems. As such, the Department does not agree that additional 

parameters should be added to the metric.

Changes: None.

Comments: Two commenters recommended specific topics for guidance. One commenter 

suggested guidance on building internal capacity within States to establish linkages between K12 and postsecondary data systems. The commenter further suggested guidance regarding the 

establishment of governance structure to advise on the management of these systems. One 

commenter requested guidance about how to treat students who take a gap between their 

graduation and their enrollment in a postsecondary institution into the postsecondary enrollment 

calculation.

Discussion: We appreciate suggestions from commenters about topics for potential guidance on 

these issues. Should we determine that further guidance is needed related to these issues, we will 

take these comments into consideration. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters expressed concern about the burden associated with the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

246

regulations. One commenter indicated general concerns with the burden of new reporting 

requirements, and noted that postsecondary enrollment data was an example of a new 

burdensome requirement. They suggested that the final regulations should clarify statutory 

requirements rather than create new requirements in order to maintain State flexibility to meet 

statutory requirements. One commenter specifically noted concerns regarding the burden 

associated with the requirement to disaggregate by subgroup. 

Discussion: The statute adds the requirement to collect postsecondary enrollment data and to 

disaggregate data by subgroup. While commenters are correct that postsecondary enrollment is 

newly added to statutory reporting requirements, many States have been reporting on 

postsecondary enrollment under ESEA flexibility. As such, this is a continued requirement for 

most States, not a new requirement. The Department believes that the regulations clarify 

statutory requirements by ensuring consistency and maximizing the utility of data reported, but 

still allowing States the flexibility to determine how to meet the reporting requirement (e.g., the 

source to use for postsecondary information).

Changes: None.

Section 200.37 Educator qualifications 

Definitions 

Comments: Several commenters expressed concerns and some offered suggestions regarding the 

uniform definitions and requirements in § 200.37. Specifically, several commenters requested 

that the regulations include additional text to the effect that a State’s definitions under proposed 

§ 200.37(b)(1) and (2), as applied to charter schools, must defer to State charter school law. 

Some commenters requested that the Department require that State and LEA report cards use 

specific definitions for the term “inexperienced,” and the phrase “not teaching in the subject or 

field for which the teacher is certified or licensed,” rather than allowing States to adopt their own 

statewide definition for use on State and LEA report cards. In addition, some commenters 

expressed concern with the definition of high- and low-poverty schools in § 200.37, with a few 

commenters elaborating that these definitions are arbitrary. One of these commenters requested 

that the Department allow States to define what constitutes a high- and low-poverty school; one 

commenter suggested defining high- and low-poverty schools based on the percentage of 

economically disadvantaged students in a school; and one commenter suggested that the 

definition of high- and low-poverty school reflect title I eligible schools or schools with a 

specific threshold of students with free and reduced lunch that would warrant title I eligibility.

One commenter indicated that the requirements for educator qualification definitions in

§§ 200.37 and 299.18(c)(2) extend beyond that which the statute requires, and, in addition, the 

different reporting timelines in these sections would be problematic. Another commenter 

suggested that the timeline for implementing the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, is overly

aggressive and does not provide States with sufficient time to make necessary changes to State 

law regarding educator qualification definitions. This same commenter further contended that 

the statute prohibits the Department from mandating that States define certain terms as required 

in §§ 200.37 and 299.18(c)(2). In a related sentiment, one commenter requested that the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

247

Department add text to § 200.37(b) to indicate that States can use definitions for the terms 

“inexperienced” and “not teaching in the subject or field for which the teacher is certified or 

licensed” that may already exist in State law. Another commenter asserted that the requirement 

in § 299.18(c)(2)(ii) and (iii) that States use the same definitions of “out-of-field teacher” and 

“inexperienced teacher” as States adopt under proposed § 200.37(b) will necessitate a change in 

LEA hiring practices and will preclude them from hiring novice teachers and novice teachers 

from teaching in a school of their choice. 

Discussion: We appreciate suggestions related to the uniform definitions and requirements in § 

200.37(b). However, we decline to either add additional requirements related to the definitions 

of “inexperienced” and the phrase “not teaching in the subject or field for which the teacher is 

certified or licensed” as applied to charter schools or to include specific definitions of these 

terms. Further, we decline to remove or otherwise revise the requirements for these definitions 

in § 200.37(b). 

We believe that standardized statewide definitions of “inexperienced” and “not teaching 

in the subject or field for which the teacher is certified or licensed,” adopted by each State and 

used consistently in reporting teacher qualification data on State and LEA report cards, will 

ensure transparency and increase understanding of staffing needs in high-poverty and difficultto-staff schools. Furthermore, we believe that uncovering such needs may encourage States to 

target efforts to recruit, support, and retain excellent educators in these schools. However, given 

variation in State laws and contexts, we believe States are best positioned to select the required 

statewide definitions of “inexperienced” and “not teaching in the subject or field for which the 

teacher is certified or licensed” and therefore decline to require use of a particular definition as 

require under § 200.37. 

With respect to defining what constitutes a high- and low-poverty school, we disagree 

that the definitions are arbitrary as they are consistent with the definitions of these terms under 

the ESEA, as amended by NCLB. This ensures that States can continue to use the same 

definition of these schools that they have used since they began reporting teacher qualification 

data disaggregated by high- and low-poverty schools. At the State and LEA levels, parents and 

other stakeholders will be familiar with disaggregated teacher qualification data based on these 

definitions and better able to consider implications of the information. In light of the benefits of 

statewide definitions of teacher qualification definitions, the Department believes the 

requirements in § 200.37(b) align with section 1111(h)(1)(B) and 1111(h)(2)(B) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, to develop State and LEA report cards in an understandable and uniform 

format. 

With respect to commenters asserting that the Department does not have the authority to 

require definitions of certain teacher qualification terms required under §§ 200.37(b) and 

299.18(c)(2) and that the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, prohibits requirements for such 

definitions, please see discussion below in § 299.18 in response to other similar comments on 

this topic. With respect to commenters’ concerns that the existing State laws regarding 

definitions of “inexperienced” and “not teaching in the subject or field for which the teacher is 

certified or licensed” would need to be revised, as long as current definitions for these terms 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

248

meet the requirements under §§ 200.37(b) and 299.18(c)(2), States can, in fact, use them to meet 

the requirements in §§ 200.37(b) and 299.18(c)(2). As to the impact of the required definitions 

of these terms being the same in §§ 200.37(b) and 299.18(c)(2), LEAs need not necessarily 

revise their hiring policies, and could instead implement other strategies, such as modifying 

teacher recruitment and retention policies and procedures. Nevertheless, regardless of the 

strategies that an LEA elects to implement, it must report and, as necessary, address any 

differences in rates. Finally, regarding the timelines for reporting the information required in § 

200.37 not being sufficient for States to meet the requirements, States have been reporting on 

teachers teaching with emergency or provisional credentials as required under the ESEA, as 

amended by NCLB. With respect to the teacher qualification reporting requirements new under 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, as noted previously, States and LEAs can request a oneyear, one-time extension of such new requirements. Further, States and LEAs can choose to 

align the reporting timelines for information reported under 299.18(c)(2) with the December 31 

deadline for State and LEA report cards.

Changes: None. 

Other Comments Related to § 200.37

Comments: Some commenters supported the requirements in § 200.37 generally, while others 

requested additional regulatory text or opposed various provisions. Specifically, a few 

commenters suggested requiring additional disaggregation of educator qualification data, 

including by schools with high concentrations of students of color, English learners, and students 

with disabilities or grade level. One commenter requested that the Department provide guidance 

to clarify that the categories of teachers reported under proposed § 200.37 are not mutually 

exclusive. One commenter requested that § 200.37 specifically include as inexperienced 

teachers those teachers of Native students who do not have experience with Native culture and 

language. Finally, one commenter expressed concern regarding the elimination of the highlyqualified teacher requirements under the ESEA, as amended by NCLB, and questioned how that 

interacts with teacher qualification reporting requirements. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates support for the requirements in § 200.37. While States 

and LEAs can calculate and report on teacher qualification data disaggregated by categories in 

addition to high- and low-poverty schools, the Department declines to require additional 

disaggregation given the extent of information included on State and LEA report cards required 

by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Section 1111(h)(1)(C)(xiv) and 1111(h)(2)(C)(2)(iii) 

provide for States and LEAs to include on report cards any additional information they believe 

will best provide parents, students, and other members of the public with information regarding 

the progress of each of the State’s public elementary and secondary schools. The Department 

will take into consideration one commenter’s question on the reporting categories under § 200.37 

as we consider guidance to support States and LEAs on the implementation of the reporting 

requirements under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We decline to add regulatory 

requirements around the term “inexperienced” teachers; while we agree with the comment 

concerning the value of having teachers of Native American students who have experience with 

native culture or language, States may add these type of requirements if they choose to do so. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

249

Finally, regarding highly-qualified teacher requirements, the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

eliminates the highly-qualified teacher requirements under the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA.28 Under title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, the SEA is required to ensure that 

all teachers and paraprofessionals working in a program supported with funds under title I meet

applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements or 

certification obtained through alternative routes to certification.

Changes: None. 

Other data--civil rights data collection data 

Comments: Some commenters requested that the Department specify the data elements that 

States must report under sections 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii)and 1111(h)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA. Specifically, some commenters requested that we clarify in regulations what 

States must report regarding, for example, the number and percentage of students enrolled in 

preschool programs, data on chronic absenteeism, and data on incidents of violence. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates these comments requesting clarification the 

information that States need to implement the provisions under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) and 

1111(h)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. These provisions require State and LEA 

report cards to include information as reported under the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) in 

categories including measures of school quality, climate, and safety, including rates of in-school 

suspensions, out-of-school suspensions, expulsions, school-related arrests, and referrals to law 

enforcement; chronic absenteeism (including both excused and unexcused absences); incidences 

of violence, including bullying and harassment; number and percentage of students enrolled in 

preschool programs; and the number and percentage of students enrolled in accelerated 

coursework to earn postsecondary credit while still in high school. We wish to allow States and 

LEAs flexibility regarding the particular data elements they use to report information on these 

categories. We will consider providing additional information about how States and LEAs can 

meet these requirements as we consider guidance to support States and LEAs on the 

implementation of the reporting requirements under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Sections 299.13-299.19 Cross-cutting issues

Accessibility of notices, documentation, and information 

 

28 The ESSA also amended the IDEA by removing the definition of “highly qualified” in section 602(10) and the requirement in 

section 612(a)(14)(C) that special education teachers be “highly qualified” by the deadline established in section 1119(a)(2) of 

the ESEA, as amended by NCLB. However, Section 9214(d)(2) of the ESSA amended section 612(a)(14)(C) of the IDEA by 

incorporating the requirement previously in section 602(10)(B) that a person employed as a special education teacher in 

elementary school, middle school, or secondary school must: 1) have obtained full certification as a special education teacher 

(including certification obtained through alternative routes to certification), or passed the State special education teacher licensing 

examination and hold a license to teach in the State as a special education teacher, except that a special education teacher 

teaching in a public charter school must meet the requirements set forth in the State’s public charter school law; 2) not have had 

special education certification or licensure requirements waived on an emergency, temporary, or provisional basis; and 3) hold at 

least a bachelor’s degree. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

250

Comments: Many commenters remarked on the requirements that appear in § 299.13(f) and 

proposed § 299.18(c)(4)(v), which specifically reference the use of Web sites to publish required 

information including a consolidated State plan or individual program State plan, and 

information regarding educator equity. These sections include specific language designed to 

maximize access to the required information by individuals with disabilities and individuals with 

limited English proficiency. While a small number of commenters supported the proposed 

accessibility requirements generally, several of the commenters expressed concern that the 

requirements do not sufficiently ensure that parents and other stakeholders are able to access the 

information regarding the consolidated State plan or individual program State plan or the 

information regarding educator equity. Of the commenters expressing concern, many discussed 

the accessibility of notices, documentation, and information provided on SEA and LEA Web

sites, particularly for individuals with disabilities or individuals with limited English proficiency. 

Discussion: The Department agrees with the commenters regarding the necessity of ensuring

that all parents and other stakeholders, including those with disabilities and those with limited 

English proficiency, have meaningful access to the information disseminated under these 

provisions. Such access is critical to ensure transparency to parents, educators and the public on 

State plans and educator equity data. Regarding additional regulatory language to ensure that 

individuals with limited English proficiency can access notices and documentation and 

information, please see discussion in § 200.21(b)(2). Regarding additional regulatory language 

to ensure that individuals with disabilities can access the information regarding a State’s 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan and information regarding educator 

equity, please see discussion in § 200.30(c). In every instance in § 299.13 where an SEA is 

required to publish information or data, we are aligning the language throughout the section.

Changes: We have aligned the language in § 299.13(b)(1), (b)(2),(c)(1)(iii)(E), and (f) to require 

the information to be published “on the SEA’s Web site in a format and language, to the extent 

practicable, that the public can access and understand in compliance with the requirements under 

§ 200.21(b)(1) through (3).”

Section 299.13 Overview of State plan requirements

Proposed Removal of All Plan Requirements

Comments: Several commenters recommended removing §§ 299.13-299.19 from the final 

regulations. These commenters argued that States should be permitted to establish State plan 

procedures and timelines. Additionally, commenters stated that the Department lacks authority 

to require a State to provide the specific information detailed in §§ 299.13-299.14. 

Discussion: Whether a State submits consolidated State plans or individual program plans, the 

statute provides the Secretary with authority to establish procedures and timelines for 

submission. For example the individual program State plans in title II, part A, are generally to be 

submitted “at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may reasonably require” under 

section 2101(d)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. In regards to consolidated State 

plans, section 8302(a)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, indicates that the Secretary 

“shall establish procedures and criteria under which, after consultation with the Governor, a State 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

251

educational agency may submit a consolidated State plan or a consolidated State application 

meeting the requirements of this section.” Additionally, section 410 of GEPA, 20 U.S.C. § 

1221e-3, authorizes the Secretary, “in order to carry out functions otherwise vested in the 

Secretary by law or by delegation of authority pursuant to law, ... to make, promulgate, issue, 

rescind, and amend rules and regulations governing the manner of operations of, and governing 

the applicable programs administered by, the Department.” Moreover, section 414 of the DEOA 

similarly authorizes the Secretary to prescribe such rules and regulations as the Secretary 

determines necessary or appropriate to administer and manage the functions of the Secretary or 

the Department. 20 U.S.C. 3474. 

The regulatory provisions in §§ 299.13-299.19 specify that the State plan requirements 

are being issued in accordance with the authority granted to the Secretary by GEPA, DEOA, and 

section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. With respect to the commenter’s specific 

concern that States should be allowed the discretion to establish State plan procedures and 

timelines, §§ 299.13-299.19 are not inconsistent with individual program State plan requirements 

or the consolidated State plan requirements in section 8302 because the Secretary has the 

authority to establish the time and manner for submission of individual program State plans and 

establish the procedures and criteria for a consolidated State plan under section 8302. 

Changes: None.

Additional Assurances

Comments: Several commenters noted that section 8302(b)(3) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, requires the Department to explicitly include an assurance regarding the equitable 

participation of private school students and teachers because it is, according to the commenters,

absolutely necessary for the consideration of the consolidated State plan. This assurance was 

not, however, included in the proposed regulations, and the commenters recommend that § 

299.13(c) be amended to include it.

Additionally, one commenter requested that States provide the assurances in section 

1111(g) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, specifically emphasizing that the Committee of 

Practitioners has been involved in the development of the State plan.

Discussion: We agree, in part, with these commenters. Section 8302(b)(3) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, contemplates that the consolidated State plan include an assurance of 

compliance with applicable provisions regarding participation by private school children and 

teachers. Therefore, we agree with the commenters that this assurance is a necessary part of the 

consolidated State plan. We are adding § 299.14(c), a new section on consolidated State plan 

assurances, to include an assurance regarding participation by private school children and 

teachers.

However, the Department declines to include an additional assurance regarding the 

Committee of Practitioners. All statutory assurances for covered programs are generally 

applicable under section 8304(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which requires that 

each SEA assure that each program covered by the State plan be administered in accordance with 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

252

all applicable statutes, regulations, program plans and applications. Furthermore, section 

8302(b)(3) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires the Secretary to include only 

assurances that are absolutely necessary for the consideration of consolidated State plans. 

Therefore, we do not think it is necessary to include a specific assurance regarding the 

Committee of Practitioners.

Changes: We have revised § 299.14 to include a new § 299.14(c) on consolidated State plan 

assurances, which includes a new assurance regarding State compliance with sections 8501 and 

1117 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, regarding participation by private school children 

and teachers. 

Section 299.13(k) Individual Program State Plan Requirements for Title I, Part C

Comments: None.

Discussion: Based on further internal review, the Department is clarifying in final § 

299.13(k)(2) that SEAs who choose to submit individual program State plans for title I, part C, 

must also meet the consolidated State plan requirements in § 299.19(b)(2) in order to address 

sections 1303(f)(2), 1304(d), and 1306(b)(1)of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. The 

specific requirements are related to the proper identification and recruitment of eligible 

migratory children and their unique educational needs, consultation, measureable program 

objectives, and uses of funds. It is essential for all title I, part C State plans, whether submitted 

as an individual title I, part C State plan or consolidated State plan to address these requirements 

as they provide necessary information for each SEA and the Department in addressing statutory 

requirements included in title I, part C of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: We have added § 299.13(k)(2) to include the specific requirements in § 299.19(b)(2) 

for title I, part C that a State must also include if it submits an individual title I, part C State plan. 

Section 299.13(b) Timely and Meaningful Consultation

Comments: Many commenters supported the Department’s proposed requirements for timely 

and meaningful consultation in § 299.13(b). Commenters appreciated that the requirements 

emphasized consultation with a variety of stakeholders at various stages of State plan

development, including an explanation of how input was taken into consideration. A number of 

commenters requested that the Department align the requirements with the Secretary’s Dear 

Colleague letter issued on June 23, 2016, regarding stakeholder engagement (Stakeholder 

Engagement DCL). Many commenters also requested that the Department provide further 

guidance consistent with the requirements in § 299.13(b) for other ESEA programs. One 

commenter suggested that the Department consider providing more specific resources for 

ensuring meaningful stakeholder engagement. Another commenter suggested that the 

Department provide guidance clarifying that meaningful engagement means engagement in ways 

that are culturally and linguistically responsive. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the extensive support for the timely and meaningful 

consultation requirements in § 299.13(b). In order to ensure that States implement ESEA with 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

253

fidelity, the Department strongly encourages States to consult and engage with stakeholders 

consistent with the best practices identified in the Stakeholder Engagement DCL, which is

available at: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/secletter/160622.html. In addition to 

ensuring the specific requirements in § 299.13(b) are met during the design and development of 

the SEA’s plan, prior to initial submission of the plan, and prior to any revisions or amendments 

of the approved plans, the Department encourages States to consider applying the timely and 

meaningful consultation requirements throughout its implementation of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA. Where relevant, we will consider issuing additional ESEA non-regulatory 

guidance regarding timely and meaningful consultation in the future, including guidance on 

culturally and linguistically responsive engagement.

Changes: None.

Comments: While commenters generally supported the requirements for timely and meaningful 

consultation in § 299.13(b), several recommended changes or additions to the proposed 

requirements. Some commenters asked that the regulations require not only consultation during 

preparation of the State plan, but also throughout implementation of the plan. Other commenters 

asked that language be added requiring States to describe their systems and structures for 

ensuring that meaningful and continuous stakeholder engagement occurs.

Additional commenters asked that the regulation be amended to require States to: (1) 

provide 60 days public notice of the draft State plan; (2) provide written agendas prior to 

meetings and written responses to public comments; and (3) ensure high quality two-way 

communications between the State and stakeholders about the State plan. In particular, some 

commenters asked that two-way communication be required with teachers, and with parents and 

families. Another commenter suggested that the final regulations require that stakeholder 

engagement include meetings that educators can attend, which one commenter specifically 

provided should be through the provision of flexible leave to school employees for attendance at 

such meetings.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the comments suggesting additional requirements for 

timely and meaningful consultation but declines to add the requested requirements, which are, 

for the most part, already addressed in the regulations. We are requiring SEAs in the 

performance management requirements in § 299.15(b)(2)(i) to “collect and use data and 

information, which may include input from stakeholders and data collected and reported under 

section 1111(h), to assess the quality of SEA and LEA implementation.” In regards to requiring 

descriptions of systems and structures for consultation and requiring two-way communication 

about the plan, § 299.13(b) details a process that States must follow to satisfy the requirement for 

timely and meaningful consultation, including a requirement in § 299.13(b)(3) that the State 

“[d]escribe how the consultation and public comment were taken into account in the 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan.” Therefore, we believe that States will 

provide valuable information on how the communication was a two-way dialogue. In addition, 

the provisions in § 299.15(b)(2)(i) encourage each SEA to continue to meaningfully engage with 

stakeholders to collect data on implementation of SEA and LEA plans. In regards to requiring 

two-way consultation specifically with teachers, and with parents and families, these two groups 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

254

are among those already listed in § 299.15(a) with whom the State must “. . .[engage] in timely 

and meaningful consultations consistent with § 299.13(b).” We encourage all States to 

specifically ensure that timely and meaningful consultation occurs during hours that parents, 

families, and current educators can participate and identified this as a best practice in the 

Stakeholder Engagement DCL.

In response to the comments requesting that we extend the public notice period from 30 

days to 60 days, the Department encourages all States to provide as much time for public notice 

and outreach as possible. However, since section 1111(a)(8) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, on which this requirement is based, only requires a State to make the State plan available 

for “not less than 30 days,” the Department declines to make this change. With regard to adding 

language requiring agendas and written follow up to comments, the Department encourages 

States to provide this sort of feedback to stakeholders, whenever possible, but finds making this a 

requirement would be unduly burdensome. Given the volume of comments received indicating 

that the consolidated State plan requirements, as drafted, are overly burdensome, the Department 

will not add the additional requirements to the consolidated State plan. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters suggested that the regulations should require States to engage 

with Tribal governments above and beyond stakeholder engagement. Commenters 

recommended that the Department use Executive Order 13175 as a guide for ensuring that the 

regulations properly outline tribal consultation in the regulations. Commenters suggested that 

including a requirement in § 299.13(b) for SEAs to consult with tribes using agendas that are 

agreed upon in advance, and requiring SEAs to follow up in writing with stakeholders would 

help ensure that consultation is meaningful, and is respectful of the trust responsibility. Finally, 

one commenter urged the Department to condition State plan approval upon proof of meaningful 

consultation with Tribal nations.

Discussion: The commenter correctly notes that the Department has a government-togovernment relationship with tribes, and that the consultation between the Department and tribes 

is outlined in Executive Order 13175. However, the Federal trust responsibility does not extend 

to SEAs. Therefore, the Department declines to add language to § 299.13(b) regarding 

additional requirements for tribal consultation. As noted previously, the Department encourages 

SEAs to provide agendas and written follow-up to stakeholders, whenever possible, but finds 

making this a requirement unduly burdensome.

In response to the commenter who asked that State plan approval be conditioned upon 

proof of meaningful consultation with Tribal nations, § 299.13(b)(3) requires States to describe 

how consultation and public comment were taken into account in the consolidated or individual 

State plan. We believe that this requirement addresses the commenter’s concerns. Therefore, 

we decline to add additional language.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters expressed satisfaction with the required processes for how 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

255

States should engage in timely and meaningful consultation with stakeholders in formulating the 

State plan. Commenters asked that § 299.13(b) be amended to require LEAs to use the same 

timely and meaningful consultation processes in formulating LEA plans. 

Discussion: The Department declines to add the requested requirement as it is outside of the 

scope of the regulations, which address only State plan requirements, not requirements for LEA 

plans. Additionally, if States choose to allow LEAs to submit consolidated LEA plans, section 

8305(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, makes clear that procedures for submission of 

the plans are not set by the Department noting, “a State educational agency, in consultation with 

the Governor, shall collaborate with local educational agencies in the State in establishing 

procedures for the submission of the consolidated State plans or consolidated State applications 

under this section.” If the State decides to use individual program applications rather than a 

consolidated local plan, individual applications for most covered programs already include 

consultation requirements. However, because we believe that timely and meaningful 

consultation is important and that ESEA implementation must be transparent, we encourage 

States to consider including the timely and meaningful consultation requirements at the local 

level. 

Changes: None. 

Comments: A few commenters commended the Department for including consultation with the 

Governor under section 8540 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, in the requirements for 

timely and meaningful consultation in § 299.13(b). Two commenters requested that the 

Department require States to describe how they are meeting this requirement, including how the 

SEA engaged with the Governor by describing, among other things, the frequency of meetings 

and the extent of collaborative planning.

Discussion: Although the Department believes that SEA consultation with the Governor is 

important, the Department declines to require an additional description regarding how the SEA 

completed this consultation. Section 299.15 requires an SEA to describe how it engaged in 

timely and meaningful consultation consistent with § 299.13(b), including the Governor’s 

consultation requirement in § 299.13(b)(4). An SEA must already describe in its consolidated 

State plan how it met the requirements of section 8540 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Therefore, we do not believe that requiring an additional description is necessary. Furthermore, 

in order to limit burden associated with submitting a consolidated State plan, the Department 

declines to add an additional requirement that an SEA, when describing how it consulted with 

the Governor, describe the frequency of meetings and the extent of collaborative planning. 

Changes: None.

Foster Care Requirements

Comments: Many commenters expressed concern about the proposed assurance in § 

299.13(c)(1)(ii) that required SEAs to ensure that LEAs receiving funds under title I, part A of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, would provide children in foster care with transportation to 

and from their schools of origin even if the LEA and local child welfare agency did not agree on 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

256

which agency or agencies would pay the additional costs incurred to provide such transportation. 

Many commenters indicated that the assurance appeared inconsistent with section 1112(c)(5)(B) 

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and expressed concern that it would undermine the 

collaborative process anticipated by the ESEA. Other commenters expressed concern that the 

regulations would impose a significant financial burden on LEAs.

Many commenters praised the Department for including the protections for children in 

foster care in the State plan requirements, but many also proposed that the final regulations

mirror the statutory requirements for collaboration. Other commenters suggested that the 

regulations require the procedures developed by the LEA and child welfare agency to include a 

dispute resolution process. Some commenters specified that it should be the child welfare 

agency that pays the additional costs of transportation, and others asked that the regulations 

require the LEA and child welfare agency to automatically split the costs if the agencies cannot 

reach agreement. A number of commenters requested that the regulations require both the SEA 

and the State child welfare agencies to ensure that the LEAs and local child welfare agencies 

collaborate to develop and implement clear written transportation procedures. Some commenters 

also requested that the regulations be amended to clarify that the LEA must provide or arrange 

for adequate and appropriate transportation to and from the school of origin while any disputes 

are being resolved. Other commenters expressed concern that requiring the LEA to provide 

transportation while disputes were being resolved would cause child welfare agencies to initiate 

a dispute process in order to avoid paying for transportation.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the concerns expressed by commenters that the 

proposed regulations may undermine that collaborative process by defaulting to the LEA as the 

responsible party for paying any additional transportation costs. Likewise, the Department 

believes that defaulting to the child welfare agency as the sole agency responsible for paying any 

additional costs associated with providing transportation would undermine the collaborative 

nature of the statute. As noted in the Department’s non-regulatory guidance entitled Ensuring 

Educational Stability for Children in Foster Care, children in foster care are a particularly 

vulnerable subgroup of students. We believe these students have a right to educational stability, 

including transportation services as needed, to maintain them in their school of origin when in 

their best interest. Therefore, the Department believes that the final assurance in § 

299.13(c)(1)(ii) should clarify the joint obligations for educational and child welfare agencies to 

ensure that transportation is provided to maintain educational stability.

The Department likewise recognizes that there may be circumstances where a dispute 

resolution process is required if an LEA and child welfare agency are unable to reach agreement 

as to which agency or agencies will pay any additional costs that may be associated with 

providing transportation to children in foster care to and from their schools of origin. However, 

the Department does not believe it is necessary to mandate a specific dispute resolution process 

as the statute clearly requires that LEAs collaborate with child welfare agencies to develop 

procedures that ensure that children in foster care needing transportation promptly receive such 

transportation.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

257

In order to ensure this statutory requirement is met, the Department is clarifying that the 

SEA must assure that an LEA receiving funds under title I, part A has developed procedures that 

describe how such transportation will be provided and funded if the agencies cannot reach 

agreement, whether through a dispute resolution process or through default cost sharing. An 

SEA’s assurance here means that the SEA must take a leading and active role to ensure that 

LEAs collaborate with State and local child welfare agencies to develop clear and written 

procedures regarding how children in foster care will receive transportation, as necessary, to 

their school of origin when determined to be in their best interest.

We appreciate commenters’ concerns about children in foster care continuing to receive 

transportation to the schools of origin while disputes are pending, along with concerns about 

which agency or agencies should be responsible for providing this transportation, and are 

clarifying that the written procedures must also describe which agency or agencies will initially 

pay the additional costs incurred in providing transportation so that transportation is provided 

promptly during the pendency of the dispute. We believe that the appropriate agency or agencies 

responsible for initially paying the additional costs incurred may vary depending on the 

individual child’s circumstances. The LEA and local child welfare agency should explore a 

variety of options that consider such circumstances. For example, for one child, the foster parent 

may be willing to transport the child to the child’s school of origin; for another child, there may 

existing transportation readily available; and there may be instances that necessitate the child’s 

transportation being funded. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.13(c)(1)(ii) to remove the language requiring the LEA to 

provide transportation to children in foster care if the LEA and child welfare agency do not agree 

on which agency or agencies will pay any additional costs incurred to provide such 

transportation. We have also added language to clarify that the written procedures developed by 

the LEA and State or local child welfare agency must address how the transportation 

requirements will be met in the event of a dispute over which agency or agencies will pay any 

additional costs incurred in providing transportation and indicate which agency or agencies will 

initially pay the additional costs so that transportation is provided promptly during the pendency 

of the dispute.

Comments: Several commenters wrote to express views on the best interest determination, 

school of origin, the timing of implementation of the new educational stability provisions, the 

foster care point of contact, the timing of the best interest determination, and other related issues 

concerning the educational stability of children in foster care.

Discussion: We agree that the educational stability of children in foster care is an important 

issue and appreciate the feedback on this issue. The proposed regulations, however, only 

addressed the topic of which agency or agencies should pay any additional costs associated with 

providing transportation to children in foster care to and from their schools of origin. Comments 

on related issues--such as the best interest determination, school of origin, and concerns about 

timing--are therefore outside the scope of the regulations. Furthermore, these topics are 

addressed in the Department’s non-regulatory guidance entitled Ensuring Educational Stability 

for Children in Foster Care. For clarity on the statutory requirements in Sections 1111(g)(1)(E) 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

258

and 1112(c)(5) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, we refer commenters to this nonregulatory guidance document.

Changes: None.

Plan Submission Process

Comments: Several commenters remarked on the proposed plan submission dates of March 6, 

2017, or July 5, 2017. Many of these commenters indicated that the proposed timeline for 

submission did not allow sufficient time for consultation; of particular concern was States’ 

ability to adequately consult on a new accountability system prior to having the system ready to 

implement in the 2017-2018 school year. Some commenters expressed concern that the 

proposed submission dates would require that States begin to implement their accountability 

systems in school year 2017-2018 before their plans could be approved by the Secretary. Other 

commenters felt that the proposed submission deadlines were too late to ensure that SEAs had an 

approved plan in place in time to identify comprehensive and targeted support schools for the 

2017-2018 school year and asked that the submission date be moved up to December 2016; two 

of these commenters also recommended that the Department’s review timeline be shortened from 

120 to 60 days to ensure that plan approval occurs prior to the beginning of the 2017-2018 

school year. Other commenters suggested that the Department allow SEAs to submit portions of 

the plan in a staggered fashion to allow additional time for consultation. 

Discussion: Given that the Department has revised § 200.19(d) to permit States to delay full 

implementation of their accountability systems until the 2018-2019 school year and to allow 

SEAs additional time for timely and meaningful consultation, the Department has determined it 

is appropriate to adjust plan submission timelines and offer later submission dates. Accordingly, 

the Department will adjust the submission deadlines to April 3, 2017, or September 18, 2017.

The Department declines to move submission timelines up to December 2016 because

doing so would not allow sufficient time for each SEA to engage in timely and meaningful 

consultation consistent with § 299.13(b). The Department also declines to reduce its time to 

review plans from 120 to 60 days; sections 1111(a)(4)(A)(v) and 8451 of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, allow 120 days for review and the Department believes that a 60-day review 

period allows inadequate time for the required peer review. While the Department appreciates 

the idea of allowing SEAs to submit their plans in parts, the Department believes that the entire 

consolidated State plan must be submitted at one time to ensure fully coordinated strategies. 

Changes: None. 

Comments: One commenter requested clarification on § 299.13(e) regarding the process for 

submitting revisions of consolidated State plans during the period for Secretarial review under 

sections 1111(a)(4)(A)(v) or 8451 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. This commenter also

requested that the Department streamline the process for review.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the opportunity to clarify the requirements in § 

299.13(e). During the period of Secretarial review, an SEA may revise its initial plan in 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

259

response to a preliminary written determination by the Secretary. When submitting revisions to 

the plan the SEA originally submitted, the SEA must resubmit the entire revised State plan, not 

just the parts that contain the additional revisions. The Department intends to provide additional 

information on the timing, format, and process for submitting and reviewing consolidated and 

individual program State plans in the near future.

Additionally, proposed § 299.13(b)(2)(iii) required timely and meaningful consultation 

prior to the submission of any significant revisions or amendments to the consolidated State plan. 

In order to distinguish the requirements for revising an initial State plan from the timely and 

meaningful consultation requirements for an approved State plan, the Department is clarifying

the language in § 299.13(b)(2)(iii) to apply to an approved consolidated State plan or individual 

program State plan rather than an initial consolidated State plan.

Changes: The Department has revised § 299.13(e) to indicate that an SEA, when resubmitting 

its initial consolidated State plan, must resubmit the entire State plan, which includes its 

revisions. We have also clarified that the timely and meaningful consultation requirements in §

299.13(b)(2)(iii) apply to an approved consolidated State plan or individual program State plan 

and not to the process for revising initial consolidated State plans under § 299.13(e).

Comments: None.

Discussion: Under § 299.13(d)(i), the Department described the process for submitting an initial 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan. In the proposed regulation § 299.13(d), 

we indicated that an SEA must submit the plan to the Department on a date and time to be 

established the Secretary. The Department is clarifying that the Secretary will, at a future date,

also establish the manner (e.g., electronic or paper) by which an SEA must submit its State plan. 

Under proposed § 299.13(d)(ii), the Department detailed when a consolidated State plan or 

individual program State plan was considered to be submitted by the Secretary if it was received 

prior to an established deadline. We are clarifying that any State plan received prior to the 

deadline established by the Secretary is considered to be submitted on the date of the established 

deadline (rather than the date received) for the purposes of the 120 day period of Secretarial 

review under sections 1111(a)(4)(A)(v) or 8451 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: The Department has revised § 299.13(d)(i) to indicate that an SEA must submit its 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan in the manner (e.g., paper or electronic) 

to be established by the Secretary. The Department has also revised § 299.13(d)(ii) to indicate 

that the provision regarding State plans received prior to an established deadline is for the 

purposes of tolling the period of Secretarial review under sections 1111(a)(4)(A)(v) or 8451 of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Extension for Reporting Student-level Data 

Comments: As discussed later in this document under § 299.18(c), a few commenters noted that 

the requirement to provide educator equity data at the student level is burdensome. Commenters 

expressed concern as to whether the Department could prescribe any date at which the reporting 

of student-level data is required.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

260

Discussion: While a few commenters suggested removing the student-level data requirement 

altogether, as discussed later in this document under § 299.18(c), we believe the requirement to 

provide educator equity data at the student level is critical. However, we understand that some 

States may not currently have the capacity to collect or report data at the student level. In light 

of the fact that the requirement may be burdensome for certain States and districts that have not 

yet begun collecting or using student-level data, the Department is adding an additional year to 

the extension that an SEA may request, detailed in § 299.13(d)(3). An SEA requesting a threeyear extension for providing educator equity data at the student level must, during the three-year 

extension, publish and provide those data in its State plan at the school level, consistent with § 

299.13(d)(3)(ii).

Changes: We have revised § 299.13(d)(3) to allow an SEA to request an extension for three 

years if it provides the information and data required under § 299.18(c) at the school level and 

submits a detailed plan and timeline to provide those data at the student level within three years 

of the date of submission of its title I, part A State plan or consolidated State plan.

Section 299.14 Requirements for the consolidated State plan

Content of the Consolidated State Plan—Burden and Authority

Comments: While a small number of commenters appreciated the integrated and comprehensive 

nature of the proposed consolidated State plan requirements, several commenters objected to the 

volume of proposed consolidated State plan requirements. The commenters asserted that the 

Department has the statutory authority, under section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, to require an SEA to provide “only descriptions, information, assurances . . . and other 

materials that are absolutely necessary for the consideration of the consolidated State plan.” 

Some commenters stated that the requirements would result in cumbersome and complicated 

plans that stakeholders would find difficult to review and understand. Other commenters 

asserted that the requirements promoted certain education policies not explicitly required in the 

statute and would allow the Department to implement a peer review process that further 

promoted those policies. Some commenters recommended that the Department condense and 

streamline the consolidated State plan requirements, but did not make specific recommendations 

for requirements to remove. Others recommended that the Department reduce specific 

consolidated State plan requirements including the performance management requirements in 

proposed § 299.14, assessment requirements in proposed § 299.16, teacher quality and equity 

requirements in proposed § 299.18, and the well-rounded and supportive education for all 

students requirements in proposed § 299.19. 

Discussion: Section 8302(a)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, indicates that the 

Secretary “shall establish procedures and criteria under which, after consultation with the 

Governor, [an SEA] may submit a consolidated State plan or a consolidated State application 

meeting the requirements of this section.” Additionally, section 410 of GEPA, 20 U.S.C. § 

1221e-3, authorizes the Secretary, “in order to carry out functions otherwise vested in the

Secretary by law or by delegation of authority pursuant to law, ... to make, promulgate, issue, 

rescind, and amend rules and regulations governing the manner of operations of, and governing 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

261

the applicable programs administered by, the Department.” Moreover, section 414 of the DEOA 

similarly authorizes the Secretary to prescribe such rules and regulations as the Secretary 

determines necessary or appropriate to administer and manage the functions of the Secretary or 

the Department. 20 U.S.C. 3474. The requirements for a consolidated State plan in §§ 299.14-

299.19 are being issued in accordance with the authority granted to the Secretary by GEPA, 

DEOA, and section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. With respect to the 

commenters’ concerns that the Secretary does not have the authority to include some of the 

required descriptions or information because it is not “absolutely necessary for consideration of 

the consolidated State plan,” all of the descriptions, information and assurances included in §§ 

299.14-299.19 have been determined by the Secretary to be absolutely necessary and consistent 

with the authority in section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. The consolidated 

State plans must provide sufficient detail across the included programs in order to ensure 

transparency for all stakeholders, proper administration of Federal funds and allow the Secretary 

to consider whether such plan is consistent with the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

applicable regulations. Additionally, consistent with the purpose of the consolidated State plan, 

we believe that the regulations would significantly reduce burden on each SEA choosing to 

submit a consolidated State plan rather than individual program State plans. Furthermore, the 

Secretary believes that all requirements of the consolidated State plan have a statutory basis in 

the covered program provisions throughout the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and other 

applicable regulations.

In response to the concern that the Department may be promoting specific education 

policies through the peer review process for the consolidated State plan, the Department is 

required under section 8452 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to ensure that any portion of 

a consolidated State plan that is related to title I, part A is subject to the peer review process 

described in section 1111(a)(4) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. The Department intends 

to administer a peer review of consolidated State plans consistent with the purpose of the peer 

review under section 1111(a)(4)(B) to “maximize collaboration with each State; promote 

effective implementation of challenging State standards through State and local innovation; and 

provide transparent, timely, and objective feedback to States designed to strengthen the technical 

and overall quality of the State plans.”

However, given the concerns expressed by several commenters and the Department’s 

desire to eliminate unnecessary burden from State plans, we believe that some of the 

requirements within and across the consolidated State plan regulations can be further 

consolidated. Therefore, in an effort to reduce additional burden on States, we are changing

some previously required descriptions into either an optional description or an assurance, and

removing some previously required descriptions entirely from the consolidated State plan. 

Additionally, in an effort to streamline the requirements, we are reorganizing the structure of the 

consolidated State plan to place all cross cutting requirements in § 299.15, including required 

descriptions on consultation and performance management. For performance management, each 

SEA would only have to discuss these cross-cutting requirements once rather than under each 

component as proposed in § 299.14(c). Furthermore, we also believe that some of the 

requirements were not clear and therefore were interpreted to be more burdensome than 

intended. As a result, we are clarifying some consolidated State plan requirements to address 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

262

those instances where a lack of clarity in the regulatory language resulted in an increase in 

perceived burden. The discussion of the exact changes to reduce burden in §§ 299.16-299.19 of 

the consolidated State plan are discussed below in the specific section where the changes were 

made.

Changes: We have moved the requirement in proposed § 299.14(c) regarding performance 

management to § 299.15(b) and revised it so that an SEA describes its system of performance 

management for implementation of SEA and LEA plans once rather than separately for each of 

the components required under §§ 299.16 through 299.19. With the exception of § 299.18(c), 

we have streamlined the required descriptions throughout §§ 299.15 through 299.19 by removing 

the requirement to identify specific strategies and timelines in each required description. We 

have also revised proposed § 299.14(c)(1) and (2)(i) to make certain descriptive details optional 

rather than required regarding how the SEA’s plan approval process is aligned to the strategies 

identified in the consolidated State plan and whether to consider specific data collected and 

reported under section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and specific input from 

stakeholders when assessing the quality of SEA and LEA implementation. The changes are

reflected in final § 299.15(b)(1) and (2). As a result of those changes, we have removed the 

requirement in proposed § 299.19(a)(3)(A)-(D) regarding a review of data and information on 

resource equity, and revised final § 299.15(b)(2) to indicate that each SEA may consider such 

information broadly as part of review and approval of LEA plans under the revised requirements 

for an SEA’s system of performance management. We have also removed the requirement in 

proposed § 299.15(b) for each State to describe how it will coordinate across Federal laws 

impacting education and included this requirement as an assurance in the new section on 

consolidated State plan assurances in final § 299.14(c). We have further removed some 

previously required descriptions and streamlined other requirements in §§  299.16 through 

299.19 including by changing previously required descriptions into assurances and only 

requiring certain descriptions if a State intends to use Federal funds for that purpose.

Comments: Some commenters suggested that additional State plan requirements be added to 

proposed § 299.14. Specifically, one commenter asked that proposed § 299.14(c) be augmented 

to include a requirement that SEAs ensure data transparency by describing their plans for 

preparing and disseminating State report cards, and for ensuring that LEAs prepare and 

disseminate local report cards. Other commenters asked that proposed § 299.14(c) be amended 

to require that SEAs provide additional information about their strategies and timelines for 

ensuring continuous improvement so that States continuously improve all strategies, not just 

strategies that do not lead to satisfactory progress. 

Discussion: The Department agrees with the commenters that data transparency and promotion 

of continuous improvement are important goals. To that end, we have already included in final §

299.15(b) requirements that consolidated State plans address continuous improvement strategies 

and the use of data in the consolidated State plan. We have also established in §§ 200.30 and 

200.31 requirements to ensure that State and local report cards contain all elements required by 

the statute, including that these report cards be presented in an understandable and uniform 

format. However, given the comments received indicating that the consolidated State plan 

requirements, as drafted, are overly burdensome, the Department will not add additional 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

263

requirements to the consolidated State plan. The Department believes that existing statutory and 

regulatory requirements for report cards are sufficient to ensure data transparency. We agree 

with the comment on proposed § 299.14(c) that SEAs should review all strategies for continuous 

improvement and not only those strategies that are not improving outcomes and are revising final 

§ 299.15(b)(2)(iii) to ensure that SEAs review all SEA and LEA plans and implementation of 

those plans for continuous improvement.

Changes: We have revised § 299.15(b)(2)(iii) to require that an SEA describe its plan to 

continuously improve implementation of all SEA and LEA plans.

Integrated Nature of the State Plan

Comments: Several commenters supported the Department’s proposal that SEAs develop 

consolidated State plans that address: consultation and coordination; challenging academic 

standards and assessments; accountability, support, and improvement for schools; supporting 

excellent educators; and supporting all students in a truly consolidated manner across all covered 

programs. One commenter expressed concern that the State plan structure is insufficiently 

integrated and will reinforce traditional silos in the education system; this commenter 

recommended that the regulations require SEAs to articulate a vision or theory of action that ties 

the five components of the consolidated State plan together.

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ support for the proposed regulations. With regard to a 

requirement that SEAs articulate an overall vision or theory of action, while we encourage SEAs 

to do this, we believe that requirement would unnecessarily increase burden on States. 

Changes: None.

Section 299.15 Consultation and coordination

Stakeholder Engagement

Comments: Many commenters recommended that the Department strengthen the requirements 

related to SEAs’ consultation with stakeholders during the design and development of the 

consolidated State plan. Specifically, commenters requested that the Department ensure that the

voices of stakeholders are heard. Another commenter suggested that the Department ensure that 

teachers are in control of the education system. Additionally, one commenter suggested that the 

process for revising the consolidated State plan should be vetted by a wide range of stakeholders.

An additional commenter suggested that the Department define the term “to be developed in 

partnership with stakeholders” to mean that the process must be proactive and inclusive, and that 

partners must have all of the same information and the assistance needed to fully understand it, 

the time to develop responses, and the vehicles for responding.

In contrast, two commenters suggested that the consultation requirements be removed 

from the consolidated State plan regulations to permit States additional flexibility to establish 

State plan procedures and timelines. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

264

Discussion: The Department appreciates the comments on ways to strengthen engagement, as 

well as the comments on the importance of State flexibility in regard to these requirements. Just 

as we believe that meaningful stakeholder engagement is critical to the consolidated State plan 

development and implementation process, we also believe that discrete decisions about the 

specific process for engagement are best made at the local level. 

We appreciate the best practices in consultation and stakeholder engagement highlighted 

by many of the commenters, including information sharing and providing vehicles for 

responding, as well as the proposed definition that one commenter provided for the phrase “to be 

developed in partnership with stakeholders.” We encourage the use of these best practices 

throughout the consultation process. We further appreciate that many commenters emphasized 

that their voice should be honored and not undermined, and we believe the final regulations will 

help ensure that a wide range of stakeholders will be consulted throughout the process of 

consolidated State plan development and implementation. See § 299.13 for a discussion of 

additional comments related to timely and meaningful consultation.

Changes: None.

Comments: Multiple commenters recommended that the Department require each SEA to 

consult with additional stakeholder groups in developing its consolidated State plan, including: 

representatives of private school students, representatives of non-government school students 

and teachers, and non-government school students and teachers; early childhood educators and 

leaders; parent and teacher advisory groups and parents; representatives of teachers’ unions; 

practicing and current K-12 teachers; organization members who specifically represent students 

with disabilities; civil rights organizations, including those who represent lesbian, gay, bisexual, 

and transgender (LGBT) students; tribal elected or appointed representatives; specialized 

instructional support personnel; school psychologists; community representatives; Alaska Native 

corporations; school librarians; local government; individuals knowledgeable about how to meet 

the needs of specific subgroups of students; entities that serve and support some of the most 

vulnerable students, including students involved in child welfare, homeless students, juvenile 

justice-involved youth, and workforce development staff, providers, and advocates; employers; 

and families of traditionally underserved students, including low-income children, minority 

children; and English learners. Commenters recommended that we require SEAs to consult with 

these specific groups because of their unique voices, as well as the specialized needs of the 

populations that these groups represent. Specifically with respect to tribal elected or appointed 

representatives, the commenter noted while the inclusion of “representatives of Indian tribes 

located in the State” is important, representatives should not be named as surrogates for tribal 

government representation. 

Discussion: The final regulations include a broad group of required stakeholders with whom 

each SEA must consult when developing its consolidated State plan. This group includes each of 

the groups prescribed by the statute, as well as additional stakeholder groups that have the 

potential to bring important and varied perspectives to a State’s work to develop and implement 

a consolidated State plan. Additionally, the required group of stakeholders in the regulations 

includes a number of the stakeholder groups specifically requested by commenters, including: 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

265

civil rights organizations, including those representing students with disabilities, English 

learners, and other historically underserved students; teachers, principals, other school leaders, 

paraprofessionals, specialized instructional support personnel, and organizations representing 

such individuals; community-based organizations; employers; and parents and families. For 

these reasons, we generally decline to add additional required stakeholder groups, as requested 

by commenters.

However, we note that commenters highlighted two critical stakeholder groups that were 

not included in § 299.15(a) of the proposed regulations and have unique perspectives to provide 

to a State in its development of its consolidated State plan: representatives of private school 

students, and early childhood educators and leaders. We find particularly compelling 

commenters’ arguments that consolidated State plans may not sufficiently reflect the interests of 

these two stakeholder groups–-representatives of private school students, and early childhood 

educators and leaders–-without the explicit inclusion of these groups in the required list of 

stakeholders with whom a State must consult in developing and implementing its consolidated 

State plan. Therefore, we are expanding the list of required stakeholder groups to explicitly 

include these two stakeholder groups. Additionally, in order to address the concerns of 

commenters who did not see their particular constituency represented in the required list of 

stakeholders with whom a State must consult on its consolidated State plan, we are clarifying in 

the final regulations that the required group of stakeholders with whom a State must consult is a 

mandatory, but non-exhaustive list, and may be supplemented by States as appropriate, based on 

local context and need. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.15(a) to add the following to the required list of stakeholders 

with whom a State must consult on its consolidated State plan: representatives of private school 

students, and early childhood educators and leaders. We have clarified in § 299.15(a) that the 

required stakeholder groups represent minimum requirements and may be supplemented at each 

SEA’s discretion.

Coordination

Comments: A few commenters expressed support regarding the requirements for the 

Department’s efforts to increase coordination across related program plans. One commenter also 

suggested we add the WIOA and career and technical educational programs to the list of required 

programs for plan coordination. 

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support for ensuring that SEAs coordinate the work 

they are conducting under their consolidated State plan with other programs in the State. The 

proposed regulations in § 299.15(b), as well as the final regulations in § 299.14(c), include 

required coordination between the consolidated State plan and an extensive group of plans from 

additional programs, including under the WIOA and the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical 

Education Act of 2006.

Changes: None.

Section 299.16 Challenging Academic Standards and Academic Assessments
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

266

Challenging Academic Standards and Academic Assessments in General

Comments: Many commenters expressed concern regarding proposed § 299.16(a)(1) that 

requires an SEA to provide evidence at such time and in such manner specified by the Secretary 

that the State has adopted challenging academic content standards. Some commenters indicated 

that the Department should only require an SEA to provide an assurance that the State adopted 

challenging academic content standards consistent with 1111(b)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA. 

Discussion: As some commenters noted, section 1111(b)(1)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, requires each State, in its title I, part A State plan, to provide an assurance that the State 

has adopted challenging academic content standards and aligned academic achievement 

standards that will be used to carry out title I, part A. At the same time, section 1111(b)(1)(D) of 

the ESEA requires a State to “demonstrate” that those challenging State academic standards are 

aligned with entrance requirements for credit-bearing coursework in the system of public higher 

education in the State and relevant State career and technical education standards. Similarly, 

section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, permits a State to adopt alternate 

academic achievement standards but only if those standards meet specific statutory requirements 

and section 1111(b)(1)(F) of the ESEA requires a State to “demonstrate” that the State has 

adopted ELP standards that meet certain statutory requirements. Moreover, section 1111(b)(2) 

of the ESEA requires a State to “demonstrate” that it has implemented a set of high-quality 

academic assessments in at least mathematics, reading/language arts, and science. The 

Department is committed to ensuring that all States meet the statutory requirements in sections 

1111(b)(1) and (b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including through peer review 

consistent with section 1111(a)(4).

In order to avoid any confusion that proposed § 299.16(a)(1) may have raised, the 

Department is removing the provisions in § 299.16 related to section 1111(b)(1) and replacing

them with a general assurance of compliance with relevant statutory and regulatory provisions 

regarding standards and assessments in final § 299.14(c)(2). Because the statutory language is 

clear, we do not believe that further regulatory efforts in the consolidated State plan are 

necessary other than a general assurance that a State will comply with the standards and 

assessment requirements in sections 1111(b)(1)(A)-(F) and 1111(b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA, and applicable regulations.

Changes: We have removed the requirements in proposed § 299.16(a), (b)(1)-(2), (4)-(5), and 

(6) and replaced them with an assurance in § 299.14(c)(2) that the State will meet the standards 

and assessments requirements of sections 1111(b)(1)(A)-(F) and 1111(b)(2) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, and applicable regulations.

Comments: Some commenters praised the coherence of the State plan regulations, including § 

299.16, while other commenters suggested that the requirements were burdensome and 

recommended removing § 299.16 entirely. A number of commenters urged the Department to 

expand local control over standards and assessments, or generally to reduce the requirements to 

use standardized tests. A few commenters suggested that testing should happen less frequently, 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

267

such as once in each of several grade spans, instead of annually. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the diversity of opinions with regard to the structure of 

§ 299.16. Section 1111(b)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires each State to 

establish the challenging academic content and academic achievement standards that apply to all 

public schools and public school students in the State, except in certain narrow circumstances 

also described in statute. Section 1111(b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, enumerates 

State responsibilities for statewide academic assessments using the same assessments, except in 

certain cases. The statute clearly requires continued use of statewide academic assessments 

annually in grades three through eight and once in high school, regardless of the specific 

reference to such responsibilities in this regulation. However, in an effort to streamline the 

requirements in this section and reduce burden for States, the Department is no longer asking 

each State to describe in its consolidated State plan each of the requirements previously proposed 

in § 299.16 that will be reviewed as part of the peer review process. States remain responsible 

for implementing challenging academic standards and assessments consistent with the statute 

and applicable regulations. Additionally, in an effort to reduce the overall burden associated 

with submitting the consolidated State plan, we are removing the required description of how the 

State will use formula grant funds under section 1201 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA,

and removing this program from the programs included in the consolidated State plan under § 

299.13(j)(2). 

Changes: As previously described, we have removed the proposed requirements in proposed §

299.16(a) and replaced them with an assurance in final § 299.14(c)(2) that the State will meet the 

standards and assessments requirements of sections 1111(b)(1)(A)-(F) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA. Additionally, we have removed the proposed requirements in § 299.16(b)(1)-(2) 

and (4)-(5) and replaced them with an assurance of compliance with section 1111(b)(2) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and applicable regulations. Finally, we removed the proposed 

requirement in § 299.16(b)(7) to describe how a State will use formula grant funds awarded 

under section 1201 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and have removed this program from 

the programs included in the consolidated State plan under § 299.13(j)(2).

Comments: A number of commenters proposed specific changes regarding the substance of the 

assessments as required under section 1111(b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

including by reflecting on challenges experienced by military students who must adjust to 

various State policies and tests; underscoring that alternate assessments be aligned with gradelevel academic content standards for the grade in which the student is enrolled; proposing that 

alternate assessments for students impacted by trauma be created to measure success in schools 

that serve large populations of such students; requesting that States be allowed to assess some 

students with significant cognitive disabilities who do not meet the criteria for students with the 

most significant cognitive disabilities using assessments based on academic standards for a grade 

other than the student’s enrolled grade; proposing that States coordinate with the Head Start 

community regarding academic standards; requesting an assessment pause during the transition 

to the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA; suggesting that additional focus be applied to the needs 

of students with disabilities and English learners with respect to test accommodations; asking 

that ELP not impede English learners from passing standardized tests required for graduation; 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

268

emphasizing that ELP tests should be subject to assessment peer review; requesting that students 

receiving instruction primarily in a Native American language be explicitly allowed to take 

assessments in that language; urging that social studies assessments be required; recommending 

that protections generally be made clearer for English learners who receive instruction primarily 

in a Native American language school or program; and suggesting that English learners be 

exempt from taking academic content assessments if those students are taking ELP assessments.

Discussion: The proposed consolidated State plan requirements in §§ 299.14 and 299.16 address 

the information and assurances that a State must submit to the Department in order to receive 

Federal funds, including information and assurances regarding a State’s compliance with section 

1111(b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. In March and April 2016, the Department 

engaged in negotiated rulemaking regarding the substance of the assessment requirements, 

including how a State complies with section 1111(b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

As a result, any comment received in response to this NPRM regarding assessment requirements 

that were subject to negotiated rulemaking are considered outside the scope of these 

regulations. The Department will consider any comments on the assessment regulations received 

in response to this NPRM when responding to comments received on the notice of proposed 

rulemaking for title I, improving academic achievement of the disadvantaged, Academic 

Assessments published in the Federal Register on July 11, 2016 (81 FR 44927) (Assessments 

NPRM).

Changes: None. 

Mathematics Exception for Students in Advanced Courses in Eighth Grade in States that 

Use End-of-course Mathematics Assessments in High School

Comments: A few commenters objected to proposed § 299.16(b)(3), which would require an 

SEA to describe its strategies in the consolidated State plan to provide all students in the State 

the opportunity to be prepared for and to take advanced mathematics coursework in middle 

school consistent with section 1111(b)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

applicable regulations. The commenters noted that the final consensus-based language from 

negotiated rulemaking, on which this proposed requirement was based, would only require an 

SEA to describe its strategies if the State administers end-of-course mathematics assessments to 

high school students to meet the requirements under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I)(bb) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and uses the exception for students in eighth grade to take such 

assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(C). As written, however, commenters noted that the 

requirement would apply to all States.

Discussion: The Department agrees with the commenters. The final consensus-based language 

from negotiated rulemaking and the proposed regulations in the Assessments NPRM would only 

require an SEA to describe its strategies to provide all students in the State the opportunity to be 

prepared for and to take advanced mathematics coursework in middle school if the State 

administers end-of-course mathematics assessments to high school students to meet the 

requirements under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

uses the exception for students in eighth grade to take such assessments under section 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

269

1111(b)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: We have revised § 299.16(a) to indicate that an SEA would only be required to 

describe its strategies in the consolidated State plan to provide all students in the State the 

opportunity to be prepared for and to take advanced mathematics coursework in middle school if 

the State administers end-of-course mathematics assessments to high school students to meet the 

requirements under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I)(bb) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

uses the exception for students in eighth grade to take such assessments under section 

1111(b)(2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Section 299.17 Accountability, Support, and Improvement for Schools

§ 299.17(b)(8) Including All Public Schools in the State Accountability System

Comments: A few commenters sought clarification regarding whether a State may use a 

different methodology for accountability for schools serving special populations than the 

methodology used for all public schools. One commenter noted that the list of schools for which 

a State may describe a different methodology from the methodology used for all public schools 

only appeared in the consolidated State plan requirements and did not appear in the 

accountability regulations. Specifically, commenters recommended that a State be able to use a 

different methodology for certain accountability indicators for alternative schools, schools in the 

juvenile justice system, schools serving reengaged children and youth, credit-recovery schools, 

and schools serving over-age students. Some commenters stated that one such modification to 

the methodology would be to identify schools and require interventions based not on a low fouryear graduation rate but that a State should be able to identify and require interventions in these 

types of schools based on an extended-year graduation rate. 

Discussion: The Department agrees that it was unclear to include a list of schools for which a 

State may use a different methodology for accountability in the consolidated State plan 

requirements but not in the accountability regulations. Placing this list in the consolidated State 

plan section gave the incorrect impression that a State might not be able to use a different 

methodology to identify schools for support and improvement that serve special populations of 

students if it completed an individual title I, part A State plan. We intended to permit a State to 

use a different methodology for specific types of schools, regardless of whether it submits a 

consolidated State plan or an individual title I, part A State plan. See the previous discussion 

regarding Other Requirements in Annual Meaningful Differentiation of Schools in this preamble 

for a discussion of changes to the types of schools included in the list. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.17 by removing from the consolidated State plan requirements 

the list of schools for which an SEA may describe an accountability methodology that is 

different from its statewide methodology. We have included the list of schools in the final 

regulation at § 200.18(d)(1)(iii) within the context of a State’s system of annual meaningful 

differentiation.

§ 299.17(d) and (e)--Burden Reduction
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

270

Comments: A number of commenters generally objected to the volume of proposed 

consolidated State plan requirements, including those requirements in proposed § 299.17(d) and 

(e). Some commenters contest whether such requirements were absolutely necessary for the

consideration of the consolidated State plan. 

Discussion: The Department agrees that some of the requirements within and across the 

consolidated State plan regulations can be further streamlined. In an effort to reduce burden 

across all of the consolidated State plan requirements, we reconsidered which of the proposed 

descriptions were absolutely necessary for ensuring each State is in compliance with the statute 

and applicable regulations. Given that accountability systems under the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, will be significantly different from accountability systems under the ESEA, as 

amended by NCLB, we are preserving many of the consolidated State plan requirements 

regarding each State’s new accountability system under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. In 

examining the proposed requirements related to State support and improvement and performance 

management and technical assistance for low-performing schools, we are streamlining the 

required descriptions and converting one proposed description into a required assurance. Under 

proposed § 299.17(e)(3), an SEA was asked to describe additional improvement actions the State 

may take in an LEA with a significant number of identified schools. This description is similar 

to the description required under proposed § 299.17(e)(2) regarding technical assistance to LEAs 

with a significant number of identified schools. This description may have also overlapped with 

an SEA response to proposed § 299.17(d)(5) in which a State would identify other strategies to 

improve low-performing schools. An SEA could include a description of additional improvement 

actions or other strategies to improve low-performing schools in its description of technical 

assistance. Therefore, we are consolidating the descriptions related to these provisions into a 

single required description. We believe that the response an SEA might have provided in the

proposed descriptions at §§ 299.17(e)(2) and (d)(5) may be captured in the remaining required 

descriptions. In addition, to further reduce burden in this component of the consolidated State 

plan, we converted the proposed description in § 299.17(e)(1) to an assurance in the new 

consolidated State plan assurance section in § 299.14. Final § 299.14(c)(3) requires each SEA to 

assure that it will approve, monitor, and periodically review LEA comprehensive support and 

improvement plans consistent with requirements in section 1111(d)(1)(B)(v) and (vi) of the 

ESEA and § 200.21(e). The Department believes this assurance is absolutely necessary for the 

consideration of consolidated State plans to ensure compliance with statutory requirements under 

section 1111(d)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Changes: We have revised § 299.17 by deleting proposed (d)(5) and (e)(2).

Cross-cutting Changes

Comments: A few commenters recommended we strike or amend specific consolidated State 

plan requirements because they objected to the requirements, or they had suggested changes to 

the accountability requirements, which would necessitate conforming changes to the State plan 

requirements. Commenters recommended that we strike or amend consolidated State plan 

requirements related to, for example, summative ratings, comprehensive support and 

improvement plans, and the needs assessment. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

271

Discussion: Each State plan requirement on accountability directly relates to the accountability 

requirements as described in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and in the regulations. In 

response to comments, we have made a change or declined to make changes to the 

accountability, support, and improvement requirements as described in the sections of this 

preamble under §§ 200.12 through 200.24. When an accountability requirement changed, we 

made a corresponding change to the consolidated State plan requirement, as described in § 

299.17. For a discussion of comments related to the summative rating, see discussion under the 

section titled Summative Ratings; for a discussion of comments related to targeted support and 

improvement plans, see the discussion under the section titled Comprehensive and Targeted 

Support and Improvement Plans: In General; and for a discussion of comments related to needs 

assessments, see the discussion under the section titled Needs Assessment: Comprehensive 

Support and Improvement. 

Changes: We have revised the consolidated State plan requirements related to accountability, 

support, and improvement for schools in §§ 299.17(b)(3)(ii), (b)(5)(i), (b)(5)(ii), (b)(5)(iii), 

(b)(5)(iv), (b)(7), (b)(8), (c)(3), (c)(4), (c)(5), (d)(2), (d)(4), and (d)(5) to conform with changes 

made in these final regulations. 

Comments: None. 

Discussion: In the course of reviewing the proposed regulations, the Department identified 

opportunities to clarify the regulations and strengthen the connections between the accountability 

regulations and the consolidated State plan requirements related to accountability. Therefore, we 

are clarifying multiple requirements in the accountability section of the consolidated State plan. 

There are two types of clarifications: (1) adding or modifying a citation to align to the 

corresponding accountability requirement; and (2) modifying language to align with the 

accountability requirement and specify what would be requested in a consolidated State plan.

Changes: We have revised § 299.17(b)(1), (b)(3)(i),(b)(3)(ii), (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(4) to ensure the 

consolidated State plan requirements align with the requirements in the final accountability 

regulations. 

Section 299.18 Supporting excellent educators

§ 299.18(a) Systems of Educator Development, Retention, and Advancement

Comments: Multiple commenters expressed support for § 299.18(a) regarding a comprehensive 

approach to systems of educator development, retention, and advancement. Commenters also 

recommended a variety of changes, including the addition of teachers of students with 

disabilities and early childhood educators to § 299.18(a)(2), an emphasis on evidence-based 

strategies” where appropriate, and replacing the word “adequate” in § 299.18(a)(2) with the term 

“high-quality.” Another commenter advised the Department to clarify that each SEA should 

describe the efforts it is making in regard to each of the requirements in § 299.18(a), in addition 

to describing how it is ensuring that each LEA implements a comprehensive system of 

professional growth and improvement for educators that encompasses these efforts. Finally, one

commenter asserted that the inclusion of State plan requirements related to systems of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

272

professional growth and improvement is not consistent with the statute and exceeds the

Department’s statutory authority. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates commenters’ general support for the requirements in 

proposed § 299.18(a), as well as their recommendations for strengthening the final regulations. 

However, because State systems and strategies for educator development, retention, and 

advancement may vary substantially, the Department declines to expand the requirements in this 

area. In addition, we anticipate that in response to State and local needs and circumstances many 

SEAs will, for example, address additional categories of educators or include evidence-based 

strategies in their plans. We also note that on September 27, 2016, the Department recently 

published non-regulatory guidance for title II, part A: Building Systems of Support for Excellent 

Teaching and Leading available at: 

http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/essatitleiipartaguidance.pdf (Title II, Part A Guidance). 

Furthermore, the Department will consider additional guidance and technical assistance 

regarding how SEAs can help ensure that their systems of educator development, retention, and 

advancement are supporting all educators.

We agree with the commenter’s concern that the term “adequate preparation” was 

insufficiently rigorous, and are revising § 299.18(a)(2) to better reflect our expectations for 

educator preparation programs, including by clarifying that the description should describe State 

strategies to improve teacher preparation programs rather than a system of preparation.

As noted in the regulatory language itself, we believe that proposed § 299.18(a) is 

consistent with sections 2101 and 2102 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and is not 

outside of the Department’s statutory authority in section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, to establish the process and criteria for submitting a consolidated State plan. 

Additionally, given that the Secretary has general rulemaking authority under GEPA and DEOA, 

it is not necessary for the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to specifically authorize the Secretary 

to issue a particular regulatory provision. However, we agree that it is important for the final 

regulations to be clear about where uses of funds were permissive, rather than mandatory. For 

this reason and in response to the comments regarding the overall burden associated with 

submitting a consolidated State plan, we are revising the language in § 299.18(a) to provide that 

the required descriptions are applicable only to SEAs who intend to use funds under one or more 

of the covered programs for the activities in § 299.18(a)(1)-(3). Additionally, we are revising § 

299.18(a)(3) to further clarify that an SEA is permitted, but not required, to include a description 

of how it will work with LEAs in the State to develop or implement State or local teacher, 

principal, or other school leader evaluation and support systems.

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(a) to clarify that it applies to each SEA that intends to use 

funds under one or more of the included programs for the activities in § 299.18(a)(1)-(3). We 

have revised § 299.18(a)(2) to reflect that we expect State plans to include strategies to improve 

educator preparation programs. Finally, we have revised § 299.18(a)(3) to clarify that an SEA’s 

plan may, but is not required to, include a description of how it will work with LEAs in the State 

to develop or implement State or local teacher, principal, or other school leader evaluation and 

support systems.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

273

Comments: Multiple commenters recommended adding requirements related to teacher 

certification and preparation, including how SEAs will ensure that all teachers and 

paraprofessionals working in title I programs meet applicable State certification and licensure 

requirements, incorporating teacher certification into the educator equity requirements in §

299.18(c), clarifying the definition of certification, requiring specific coursework in teacher 

preparation programs, reporting on teacher preparation programs, and publicly reporting the 

demographics of certified teachers. 

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ interest in clarifying and strengthening requirements 

related to teacher certification and preparation in the final regulations. However, the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, recognizes State discretion in determining requirements and definitions 

related to teacher preparation and certification, and we decline to limit that discretion in these 

final regulations.

We also note that requirements related to teacher preparation programs generally are 

governed by the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA), rather than the ESEA. The

Department recently finalized regulations regarding teacher preparation under, available at: 

http://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/education-department-releases-final-teacher-preparationregulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended clarifying in § 299.18 that professional 

development in the consolidated State plan should be consistent with the definition provided in 

section 8101(42) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Commenters also urged the 

Department to add guardrails around the rigor or professional development provided by LEAs, to 

link teacher and leader development to school improvement strategies in State plans, and to 

promote measuring the quality of professional development as part of statewide accountability 

systems. Other commenters encouraged the Department to promote a wide range of particular 

professional development activities in the final regulations; including, for example, an emphasis 

on bilingual instruction, involving the Committee of Practitioners in setting priorities for 

professional development, and training on the use of strategies to create safe, healthy, and 

affirming school environments. 

Discussion: We agree that the final regulations would be strengthened by incorporating the 

definition of professional development in section 8101(42) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, and are revising § 299.18(a)(3) accordingly. However, because we believe that specific 

decisions regarding the design and implementation of professional development and learning 

opportunities are best made at the State and local level, we decline to highlight particular types 

of professional development or related activities in the final regulations. We further note that the 

Department issued non-regulatory Title II, Part A Guidance on the use of title II, part A funds 

that addresses some of the concerns expressed by commenters. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(a)(3) to incorporate the definition of “professional 

development” in section 8101(42) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

274

Comment: One commenter recommended adding a requirement for an SEA to describe how it 

will use title II, part A funds and English learner set-aside funds to develop teachers to lead 

bilingual and dual language classrooms.

Discussion: We appreciate the suggestion to add a description regarding how an SEA will use 

funds to develop teachers to lead bilingual and dual language classrooms. As written, the 

regulations provide an SEA with flexibility to describe how it will use funds to meet the purpose 

of title II, part A of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which could include developing 

teachers to lead bilingual and dual language classrooms. Because of the general comments 

regarding reducing burden on SEAs submitting a consolidated State plan, we decline to prescribe 

this as a requirement for all SEAs.

Changes: None.

§ 299.18(b) Support for Educators

Comments: A number of commenters expressed support for the provisions in § 299.18(b) aimed 

at improving instruction by increasing the number of effective teachers and school leaders. 

Commenters also recommended the inclusion of strategies to improve educators’ capacity to 

create safe and inclusive school environments and to address the impact of adversity and stress 

on students’ readiness to learn. Other commenters requested a stronger emphasis on evidencebased strategies. One commenter urged the Department to maintain the proposed language under 

§ 299.18(b) to ensure that each State describes how it will work with LEAs to develop or 

implement teacher, principal, and other school leader evaluation and support systems. One 

commenter also recommended that the strategies in § 299.18(b)(1)(iv) be designed to provide

low-income and minority students with “equitable” rather than “greater” access to effective 

teachers, principals, and other school leaders. Finally, one commenter requested clarification

that the use of Federal funds to improve educator evaluation systems is allowable, rather than 

required.

Discussion: We appreciate the general support for the proposed consolidated State plan 

requirements related to improving support for educators. However, we believe that States should 

have significant discretion in determining the specific focus of their efforts to support educators 

and we decline to include the additional requirements suggested by commenters. We also 

appreciate the lack of a robust evidence base in the area of professional development, a factor 

that could make new evidence requirements in this area both burdensome and ineffectual. We 

believe that providing “greater” access to effective educators is consistent with the statutory 

purpose of title II in section 2001 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and we note that 

proposed § 299.18(b)(2)(ii) is clear that an SEA must describe efforts to support LEAs in 

developing or implementing educator evaluation systems only if Federal funds are used for this 

purpose. 

However, consistent with commenters’ suggestions to clarify the connection between 

Federal funds and certain activities, we have moved the requirements that were originally found 

at proposed § 299.18(b)(ii) and (iii) to § 299.18(a)(3), where it is clear that such activities must 

be included in State plans only to the extent that they are supported with Federal funds.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

275

Changes: We have revised the final regulations by moving the provisions in proposed

299.18(b)(2)(ii) and (iii) regarding educator evaluation and support systems and educator 

preparation programs, respectively, to § 299.18(a)(3).

Comments: Several commenters suggested that we revise proposed § 299.18(b)(1)(iv) to add 

students with disabilities to the groups for which SEAs must describe strategies for providing

greater access to effective teachers, principals, and other school leaders; other commenters 

recommended including the full list of underserved subgroups of students addressed by the

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: The Department agrees that all students should have access to effective teachers, 

principals, and other school leaders. However, § 299.18(b)(1)(iv) is based on section 2001 of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which focuses teacher equity requirements on low-income and 

minority students. We also note that many, if not most, of the students in the other subgroups 

mentioned by commenters also are low-income and minority students. For these reasons, and 

because adding subgroups of students beyond those specified by the statute would add 

considerable burden to the State plan requirements, we decline to include additional subgroups of 

students in the final regulations. However, we note that the regulations provide an SEA with the 

discretion to specifically highlight specific subgroups of students including students with

disabilities, English Learners, migratory children, and children and youth in foster care. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended expanding the list of subgroups of students

in proposed § 299.18(b)(2)(i) for which an SEA must describe how it will improve the skills of 

teachers, principals, and other school leaders in identifying students with specific learning needs 

in order to improve instruction based on those needs. However, two commenters recommended 

limiting the list of subgroups to those described in section 2101(d)(2)(J) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA: children with disabilities, English learners, students who are gifted and 

talented, and students with low literacy levels. Other commenters stated that the requirement in 

proposed § 299.18(b)(2)(i) was unnecessary and overly burdensome. 

Discussion: We appreciate the different perspectives provided by the commenters. After 

weighing these perspectives, and, in particular, in recognition of potential burden of requiring 

SEAs to address a large, one-size-fits-all list of subgroups of students in describing their plans 

for improving the skills of teachers and leaders, we are removing the list of student subgroups 

from this section of the final regulations. We believe States should have flexibility, in 

developing their consolidated State plans, to determine the subgroups of students with the 

greatest need for specialized instruction and related school leadership.

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(b)(2)(i) by removing the list of specific subgroups of 

students.

Comments: Several commenters requested that we specify subgroups of teachers and related 

personnel that an SEA must address in its work to support excellent educators, including early 

childhood educators; educators in mediums of instruction other than English; community-based 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

276

educators, such as elders or native and cultural artisans and practitioners; and National Board 

Certified Teachers. One commenter noted the importance of including specialized instructional 

support personnel in State systems of professional growth and improvement. 

Discussion: While the Department recognizes the value of a diverse education workforce, we

decline to prescribe subgroups of educators that an SEA must address in its work to support 

excellent educators. The proposed regulations require an SEA describe its strategies to support 

teachers, principals and other school leaders and permit an SEA to include educators such as

early childhood educators, community-based educators, educators in mediums of instruction 

other than English, and SISPs, when discussing its strategies to support educators in its State. 

The consolidated State plan requirements are consistent with sections 2101 and 2102 of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. An SEA may, at its discretion and in response to State and 

local needs, include other educators in its consolidated State plan, but we decline to add 

additional requirements in this area.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter recommended that the use of the term “school leader” align with 

the definition of school leader in section 8101(44) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Another commenter suggested using the word “and” instead of “or” when referring to “teachers 

and principals or other school leaders.” Another commenter recommended that we revise §

299.18(a)(2) to clarify that teachers, principals, and other school leaders are included in the 

State’s system to ensure adequate preparation of new educators. 

Discussion: We agree that the phrase “teachers, principals, and other school leaders” better 

captures the role of teachers and other school leaders. Therefore, with the exception of §

299.18(b)(2) which directly incorporates the statutory requirement in section 2101(d)(2)(J), we 

are revising the final regulations to incorporate the phrase “teachers, principals, and other school 

leaders” consistently throughout § 299.18(b). Additionally, we note that school leaders is 

defined in section 8101(44) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, to include both principals 

and other types of school leaders. Moreover, we believe it is unnecessary to further specify in § 

299.18(a)(2) that the preparation programs address teachers, principals, and other school leaders

because the requirement to describe educator preparation programs includes such individuals.

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(b)(1) to refer to “teachers, principals, and other school 

leaders.”

Educator Evaluation

Comments: A number of commenters stated that teacher evaluations should not be tied to 

student test scores. Other commenters expressed their support for ending the requirement to link 

evaluation and test scores. A few commenters expressed support for continuing to provide 

teachers with fair evaluations, using test scores, and improving teacher assessments.

Discussion: The final regulations, like the proposed regulations, do not include any requirements 

related to the use of student assessment results in educator evaluation systems. However, the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

277

Department released non-regulatory Title II, Part A Guidance that clarifies the statutory 

requirements for educator evaluation systems that are supported by title II, part A funds 

including the requirements in sections 2101(c)(4)(B)(ii) and 2103(b)(3)(A) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, that such systems be based in part on evidence of student achievement, 

which may include student growth; include multiple measures of educator performance, such as 

high-quality classroom observations; and provide clear, timely and useful feedback to educators. 

Changes: None.

Section 299.18(c) Educator Equity

Comments: Many commenters expressed support for the requirements in § 299.18(c) regarding 

educator equity. In particular, commenters appreciated the inclusion of the educator equity 

provisions within the consolidated State plan, the definitions of teacher quality indicators in §

299.18(c) and § 200.37, and the clarification of the State’s authority to ensure that title II, part A 

funds are used to address inequities. 

Discussion: The Department appreciates the expressions of support from commenters.

Changes: None.

Comment: One commenter noted the impact that an effective school leader can have on the 

effectiveness, satisfaction, and retention of teachers. The commenter suggested that we revise 

the educator equity regulations in § 299.18(c) to include language that would allow, but not 

require, an SEA to track the equitable distribution of effective and experienced principals and 

school leaders. 

Discussion: The educator equity requirements in § 299.18(c) require an SEA to describe 

whether low-income and minority students are taught at different rates by ineffective, out-offield, or inexperienced teachers consistent with sections 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA. We believe further revisions to § 299.18(c)(2) are unnecessary because under § 

299.18(c)(2)(vi), an SEA may, at its discretion and in response to State and local needs, include 

other educators in this description by identifying other definitions and key terms it will use for 

the purpose of meeting this requirement.

Changes: None.

Comments: One commenter advised that the Department’s use of the term “demonstrate” in 

place of the statutory term “describe” in proposed § 299.18(c) represented a higher standard of 

review for the consolidated State plan, and therefore increased the burden associated with the 

consolidated State plan, as compared to individual program plans.

Discussion: The Department appreciates the commenter’s concern and is modifying the text of 

this section to align with the statutory terms in section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA. In response to the comment regarding the burden associated with meeting this 

consolidated State plan requirement, we note that § 299.13(k)(1)(i) requires an SEA that files an 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

278

individual title I, part A State plan to provide the same description that is required under § 

299.18(c). Therefore, the burden associated with meeting the requirements of section 

1111(g)(1)(B) is the same whether an SEA submits a consolidated State plan or an individual 

title I, part A State plan under § 299.13(k).

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(c)(1) and (3) by replacing the term “demonstrate” with the 

term “describe.”

Comments: A number of commenters requested explicit definitions and clear guidelines around 

the terms “disproportionality” and “disproportionate rates” in the final regulations, with some 

commenters recommending that the Department include this information in § 200.37 and 

incorporate it by reference in § 299.18(c)(2)(vi). Other commenters specifically recommended 

defining disproportionality as any non-zero difference between the rates at which student 

subgroups are served by ineffective, inexperienced, or out-of-field teachers.

Discussion: We agree that without additional clarification, it would be difficult for SEAs to 

ensure they are meeting the requirements of § 299.18(c)(1); for this reason we are revising the 

final regulations to make clear that throughout § 299.18(c), “disproportionality” refers to the 

“differences in rates.” We are also revising § 299.18(c)(5), as renumbered in the final 

regulations, to clarify that different rates mean higher rates, defined as greater than zero. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(c) to clarify that disproportionality refers to the “differences 

in rates.” We have also renumbered and revised § 299.18(c)(5) to define disproportionate rates 

as higher rates, defined as greater than zero.

Section 299.18(c)(2) Educator Equity Definitions

Comments: Some commenters supported having a definition of “ineffective teacher” and 

provided suggestions for ways to strengthen the definition. However, several commenters asked 

that the Department remove the requirement that an SEA establish a statewide definition of 

ineffective teacher. Some of these commenters indicated that requiring a definition would result 

in Federal interference with evaluation systems. Other commenters raised concerns that 

requiring the definition would violate statutory prohibitions regarding teacher evaluation 

systems. 

Discussion: Section 1111(g)(1)(B) and (2)(A) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires 

each SEA to describe how low-income and minority children enrolled in title I schools are not 

served at disproportionate rates by, among other teachers, “ineffective teachers” and to make 

public the methods or criteria the State is using to measure teacher effectiveness for the purpose 

of meeting this educator equity requirement. The requirements that an SEA provide its 

definition of “ineffective teacher,” or its guidelines for LEA definitions of “ineffective teacher,” 

and that the definition or guidelines differentiate between categories of teachers and provide 

useful information about educator equity, are essential for ensuring compliance with this 

statutory requirement. Without a definition or guidelines for local definitions of “ineffective 

teachers,” the related data, inequities, and strategies to address inequities described by an SEA 

would be meaningless to the public and to policy makers. Accordingly, these requirements 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

279

constitute a proper exercise of the Department’s rulemaking authority under GEPA, the DEOA, 

and section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

With respect to comments that this requirement violates specific provisions of the statute, 

section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(IX) and (X) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, provides that 

“nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize or permit the Secretary . . . to prescribe (IX) 

any aspect or parameter of a teacher, principal, or other school leader evaluation system within a 

State or LEA, or (X) indicators or specific measures of teacher, principal, or other school leader 

effectiveness or quality.” However, requiring a statewide definition of, or statewide guidelines 

for LEA definitions of, “ineffective teacher” in no way constitutes prescribing an aspect or 

parameter of an evaluation system, nor the indicators or specific measures of effectiveness or 

quality.

With respect to the specific suggestions regarding what should be addressed in the 

definitions of “ineffective,” we believe that the regulations appropriately ensure that these 

definitions are developed at the State and local level. We further note that the final regulations 

ensure that each SEA determine and make public a definition, or provide statewide guidelines to 

its LEAs to determine a definition of “ineffective.” Local context and discretion is important, 

and we believe it is critical that States and districts are the ones to define the term “ineffective.” 

Therefore, we decline to include these recommendations in the regulations.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters recommended changes to the requirements in the proposed 

regulations for defining an “out-of-field” teacher, including aligning those requirements with the 

definition used in § 200.37, creating a uniform definition that all States must use, and providing 

flexibility for States to adopt a definition that differs from that used for § 200.37. 

Discussion: We note that the requirements for defining an “out-of-field teacher” in § 

299.18(c)(2)(ii) are aligned with requirements of § 200.37 in both the proposed and final 

regulations. We further note that while there may be some benefits to a uniform definition that is 

comparable across all States and districts, we believe that SEAs should have flexibility to 

develop a statewide definition that reflects State and local needs and circumstances.

However, we are concerned that permitting different definitions under §§ 200.37 and 299.18 

could result in masking the number of “out-of-field” teachers that are teaching in high-need 

subjects and schools with chronic teacher shortages, increasing data collection and reporting 

burdens for SEAs and LEAs, and reducing transparency for educators and the public alike. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended specific definitions of “inexperienced 

teacher” in § 299.18(c)(2)(iii), including alignment with the requirements of § 200.37 and 

uniformity across a State.

Discussion: Similar to the requirements for defining an “out-of-field” teacher, we note that the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

280

requirements for defining an “inexperienced” teacher in § 299.18(c)(2)(iii) are aligned with the 

requirements of § 200.37 in both the proposed and final regulations. While we appreciate the 

specific definitions recommended by commenters, we believe that SEAs should have flexibility 

to develop or adopt definitions that reflect State and local needs and circumstances. We agree 

with commenters that further guidance on the definitions required by § 299.18(c) may be helpful 

and will consider providing such guidance at a future time. 

Changes: None.

Comments: None.

Discussion: After review of proposed § 299.18(c)(2), which required the educator equity 

definitions “to provide useful information about educator equity and disproportionality rates,” we 

determined that the placement of the phrase was too broad and potentially confusing to SEAs. 

As a result, we are clarifying that the phrase “to provide useful information about educator equity 

and disproportionality rates” was only intended to apply to the three teacher characteristics. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(c)(2)(i)-(iii) by adding the phrase “and provides useful 

information about educator equity” to all three required teacher characteristic definitions. 

Comments: Several commenters supported the use of “distinct criteria” in establishing the 

definitions required by § 299.18(c)(2), with some commenters also recommending various 

options for strengthening this requirement, including, for example, limiting the measures that 

may be used to define each term or allowing definitions to share certain criteria. 

Discussion: We appreciate the support of commenters, as well as their interest in strengthening 

the final regulations. However, we note that section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(X) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, prohibits the Secretary from prescribing indicators or specific measures 

of teacher, principal, or other school leader effectiveness or quality. In light of this prohibition, 

we decline to further specify or limit the measures that may be used by an SEA in establishing 

the definitions required by § 299.18(c)(2).

We further clarify that the regulations are intended to ensure that each definition is be 

wholly unique and based on entirely different criteria. That is, an SEA may not use part of any 

definition for each of the terms “ineffective,” “inexperienced,” or “out-of-field” in defining each 

of the other terms. We believe that this requirement is necessary and appropriate to ensure that 

each of these terms is defined in a manner that reflects the statutory intent of providing three 

unique pieces of information on teacher characteristics related to ensuring equitable access to 

effective teaching. Additionally, allowing an SEA to use a part of a definition for one particular 

term in the definition of another term is likely to impact the ability of the data to provide useful 

information about educator equity. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A number of commenters recommended that we revise the proposed regulation in § 

299.18(c), which requires SEAs to determine the differences in rates at which low-income and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

281

minority students are taught by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers, to include 

additional student subgroups, including children with disabilities, English learners, and rural 

students. One commenter recommended that we also revise § 299.18(c)(3)(ii), which permits an 

SEA to calculate and report the rates at which students represented by other key terms are taught 

by ineffective, out-of-field, and inexperienced teachers, to clarify that “students represented by 

any other key terms” may include children with disabilities, English learners, and rural students.

Discussion: The Department recognizes that, in some cases, other subgroups of students are 

being taught at disproportionate rates by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers, and 

§ 299.18(c)(2)(vi) and (3)(ii) permit an SEA to include other subgroups of students when 

calculating such rates. However, requiring, rather than permitting, such analyses for other 

subgroups of students would not be consistent with section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which focuses solely on low-income and minority children. 

Changes: None.

Section 299.18(c)(3) Educator Equity Rates and Student-level Data Requirement 

Comments: Some commenters expressed general support for student-level data requirements in 

proposed § 299.18(c)(3)(i) to report the rates described in §299.18(c)(1) “based on student-level 

data.” Commenters stressed the importance of evaluating within-school inequities in students’ 

access to effective teaching, in addition to between school inequities, and that such an analysis 

requires the collection of student-level data. However, a few commenters suggested removing 

the student-level data requirement stating that the requirement is burdensome and not justified in 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Commenters also requested clarification on what 

constitutes student-level analysis. 

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ support for requiring the collection and reporting of 

student-level data to meet the educator equity requirements of section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Student-level data are necessary to evaluate inequities within 

schools and to determine the relationship between specific student and teacher characteristics. 

One study29 examined how a sample of districts with high low-income, minority 

populations implemented policies for distributing effective teachers equitably. This two-year 

study found that a low-income student was more than twice as likely to have a less effective 

teacher as a higher income peer, and 66 percent more likely to have a less effective math teacher. 

The patterns were even more pronounced for students of color, with Latino and AfricanAmerican students two to three times more likely (in math and reading/language arts, 

respectively) to have bottom-quartile teachers than their white and Asian peers.

 

29 Learning Denied: The Case for Equitable Access to Effective Teaching in California’s Largest School District. 

Oakland, CA: The Education Trust West, 2012. http://edtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ETW-LearningDenied-Report_0.pdf
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

282

Another multi-site, multi-year study30 conducted by RAND Corporation found that when 

policies for distributing effective teachers equitably were implemented in a sample of districts 

with high low-income minority (LIM) populations, effective teachers were generally more likely 

to be assigned to those schools with higher proportions of low-income and minority students than 

other schools, but, within a school, effective teachers were generally less likely to be assigned to 

classes with higher proportions of low-income minority students than to other classes. That is, 

the most-effective teachers were placed in schools with high percentages of low-income minority 

students, but they were not placed in high-LIM classrooms within those schools. This suggests 

that improving low-income minority students’ access to effective teachers requires efforts to 

ensure within-school access to effective teachers in addition to between-school access.

Though some commenters suggested removing the student-level data requirement 

altogether, the Department has determined that requiring student-level data is not only justified, 

but indeed, necessary to ensure compliance with the statutory requirement in section 

1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, that an SEA describe how low-income 

and minority children enrolled in schools assisted under title I, part A are not served at 

disproportionate rates than other children in the State by ineffective, out-of-field and 

inexperienced teachers. Because the required analysis is of the rates at which particular groups 

of children are served by teachers, and not the rates at which particular schools are served by 

teachers, requiring SEAs to use student-level data to inform the required description in order to 

ensure that they meet the statutory requirement constitutes a proper exercise of the Department’s 

rulemaking authority.

We appreciate commenters’ suggestions regarding clarification of how to implement the 

student-level data requirement and note that the Department plans to provide technical assistance 

and other support in this area, building in part on best practices from States already collecting 

and reporting student-level data. 

Changes: None.

Comments: A few commenters recommended aligning the language in the requirement in § 

299.18(c)(3)(ii) regarding the use of student-level data by SEAs who choose to examine 

differences in rates for other student groups, with the student-level data requirement in § 

299.18(c)(3)(i) for required student groups. 

Discussion: We decline to align the language because section 1111(g)(1)(B) only requires an 

SEA to provide educator equity data for low-income and minority students. If an SEA chooses to 

examine differences in rates for other student groups, an SEA has flexibility in determining the 

level of data to use in that analysis.

Changes: None.

 

30 Baird, Matthew D., John Engberg, Gerald Hunter and Benjamin Master. Trends in Access to Effective Teaching: 

The Intensive Partnerships for Effective Teaching Through 2013–2014. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 

2016. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9907.html
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

283

Comments: Some commenters questioned whether the student-level data requirement, including 

the option of a two-year extension for the reporting of student-level data under proposed § 

299.13(d)(3), conflicts with section 2104(a) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which 

prohibits the Department from requiring the collection and reporting of any data on the retention 

rates of effective teachers that was not available on the day before ESSA was enacted. 

Discussion: We do not believe that the proposed regulations implementing section 

1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, conflict with section 2104(a) of the 

ESEA. More specifically, the rule of construction in section 2104(a)(4) of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which limits the collection of data on the retention rates of ineffective 

and effective teachers to data elements collected prior to enactment of the ESSA, applies only to 

the title II, part A, reporting requirement regarding teacher retention, and there is no similar rule 

applicable to section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. 

Changes: None. 

Comments: Several commenters expressed that the proposed comparison of rates--between lowincome and minority students enrolled in schools receiving title I, part A funds and non-lowincome and non-minority students enrolled in schools not receiving title I, part A funds--would 

yield little useful information in a State where the majority of schools receive title I, part A 

funds. Some commenters also asserted that the statutory language requires that low-income 

students and minority students at schools receiving title I, part A funds be compared to all nonlow-income students and non-minority students at any school, regardless of that school’s receipt 

or non-receipt of title I, part A funds, and recommended revising the final regulations consistent 

with this interpretation of the statute. Other commenters cited what they described as the 

inconsistency of proposed in § 299.18(c) with the report card requirement in § 200.37, which 

calls for disaggregation of teacher qualification data between high- and low-poverty schools. 

Similarly, one commenter suggested revising the proposed comparison groups to focus on highand low-poverty schools (using the § 200.37 definition) and high- and low-minority schools 

(defined as schools in the top and bottom quartile for minority student enrollment). Finally, 

several commenters expressed concern that the proposed comparison groups would not help 

identify or address between-school or within-school inequities. 

Discussion: Section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, specifically requires 

that SEAs describe how low-income and minority children “enrolled in schools assisted under 

this part” are not served at disproportionate rates by certain teachers. Based on this language, we 

proposed comparison groups that we believe will be most likely to illuminate inequities with 

respect to the students identified by the statute. Although we appreciate the difficulties of 

making this comparison in a State or an LEA in which the majority of schools receive title I, part 

A funds, we believe that an alternative comparison group comprised of all schools in the State 

would be inconsistent with the statutory language prescribing the groups of students for whom 

disproportionate rates must be described. Further, such a comparison group would mask the 

differences in rates at which low-income and minority students enrolled in schools receiving title 

I, part A funds and their peers are taught by certain teachers. Requiring a comparison between 

high-poverty and low-poverty schools identified for purposes of compliance with § 200.37 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

284

would likewise be inconsistent with the statutory requirement in section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because a State’s high-poverty school quartile does not 

necessarily include all of a State’s title I, part A schools. Accordingly, we have maintained the 

proposed comparison groups in these final regulations.

With respect to commenters’ concern that the selected comparison group would not 

sufficiently illuminate between-school or within-school inequities, as discussed above in the 

Student-level Data Requirement discussion and below in the Section 299.18(c)(5) Causes of and 

Strategies to Address Differences in Educator Equity Rates discussion, we have retained the 

student-level data requirement in § 299.18(c)(3)(i) and amended § 299.18(c)(5)(i) to replace root 

cause analysis with “likely causes” including an analysis of within-school differences in rates to 

ensure that between-school or within-school inequities are considered. 

Changes: None.

Section 299.18(c)(5) Causes of and Strategies to Address Differences in Educator Equity 

Rates

Comments: Multiple commenters stated that the requirement that SEAs conduct a “root cause 

analysis” in proposed § 299.18(c)(6)(i) is confusing, unnecessary, and overly prescriptive, with

some commenters recommending that determinations regarding the appropriate level and method 

of analysis be left to SEAs. Another commenter recommended that the Department specifically 

require that an SEA analyze the extent to which disparities between LEAs within the State, 

between schools within LEAs, and within schools contribute to any statewide disparity, and then 

examine the causes of any disparity at each level. 

Discussion: While the Department believes that it is necessary and appropriate for SEAs to

determine the likely causes of the identified differences in the rates at which certain subgroups of 

students are taught by teachers with certain characteristics, our inclusion of the term “root cause 

analysis” was not intended to specify a particular methodology for determining such causes, and 

we are revising the final regulations to eliminate this term. We also are revising the language in 

the renumbered § 299.18(c)(5)(i) to clarify that an SEA must determine the likely causes of the 

most significant differences in the rates at which certain subgroups of students are taught by 

teachers with certain characteristics. To provide further clarity, we added examples of such 

causes. We have also aligned the language in § 299.18(c)(5)(i) with the Department’s May 2015 

non-regulatory guidance regarding State Plans to Ensure Equitable Access to Excellent 

Educators so that the regulations now incorporate language with which SEAs are familiar. In so 

doing, we have clarified the requirement and minimized the burden it imposes on SEAs by 

incorporating the guidance language that SEAs previously relied upon when developing educator 

equity plans in 2015.

We also agree with the commenter who advised that, to maximize the benefits associated 

with student-level data, the Department require that an SEA analyze the extent to which 

disparities at different levels contribute to the statewide differences in rates, and the causes of the 

disparities at each of those levels. As discussed in the student-level data discussion above, the 

benefits associated with calculating and reporting student-level data statewide are substantial
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

285

because it illuminates within-school disparities; accordingly, we have amended this portion of 

the regulation to take advantage of the student-level data requirement in § 299.18(c)(3).

Changes: We have revised and renumbered § 299.18(c)(5)(i) to replace the phrase “root cause 

analysis” with “identify the likely causes” and clarified that SEAs need only identify the likely 

causes of the most significant differences in rates.

We have further revised § 299.18(c)(5)(i) to clarify that an SEA must identify whether 

the differences in rates at which certain student subgroups are taught by teachers with certain 

characteristics reflect differences between districts, within districts, and within schools, as well 

as the likely causes of those differences in rates, for example: teacher shortages, working

conditions, school leadership, compensation, or other factors.

Comments: Some commenters expressed support for the requirement that SEAs prioritize efforts 

aimed at reducing the extent to which low-income and minority students are taught at 

disproportionate rates by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers in schools identified 

for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement. 

Other commenters recommended allowing States to prioritize strategies focused on the teacher 

attribute with the most negative effects on student outcomes; for example, if State data showed 

that student performance suffered the most from inexperienced teachers, an SEA could elect to 

focus its efforts on reducing students’ disproportionate exposure to inexperienced teachers. 

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ support for the requirement that SEAs prioritize efforts 

aimed at eliminating disproportionalities in schools identified for comprehensive or targeted 

support. Further, we appreciate commenters’ recommendation to include additional options for 

prioritization. We agree that this may be an important approach to lessening the differences in 

rates and are revising the regulatory language to allow an SEA additional flexibility to provide in 

its State plan strategies for the most significant differences in rates as described by the SEA.

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(c)(5) to allow SEAs to prioritize strategies to address the 

most significant differences in rates as identified by the SEA. 

Comments: One commenter supported the proposed requirement that an SEA include in its State 

plan the timelines and funding sources for its strategies to address inequitable access to excellent 

educators.

Discussion: We agree with the commenter that an SEA must provide timelines and funding 

sources to ensure successful implementation of its strategies to address inequitable access to 

effective educators and are retaining this requirement in the final regulations. Additionally, we

are clarifying that an SEA must describe whether Federal or non-federal funds will support the 

identified strategies.

Changes: We have clarified § 299.18(c)(5)(ii) to require each SEA to describe whether Federal 

or non-federal funds will support its educator equity strategies.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

286

Progress Targets and Monitoring

Comments: Some commenters requested additional detail in proposed § 299.18(c)(6) on how 

each SEA planned to monitor its progress in eliminating any disproportionate rates at which lowincome and minority children are served by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers. 

Commenters encouraged the Department to define “progress” and require clear goals, timelines,

and progress targets. Commenters also suggested requiring SEAs to describe the manner in 

which the State will monitor and support LEA efforts to eliminate such disparities.

Discussion: Section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires each SEA to 

describe how low-income and minority children enrolled in title I, part A schools will not be 

served at disproportionate rates by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers. 

Therefore, if an SEA identifies any difference in rates, the SEA must work to eliminate the 

difference in rates. Consequently, we agree with commenters that to effectively eliminate a 

difference in rates, it is important to establish clear goals towards eliminating any differences in 

rates and report progress towards those goals, and we are revising the final regulations 

accordingly. 

Changes: In renumbered § 299.18(c)(5)(iii), we have added a requirement for each SEA to 

describe timelines and targets for eliminating any differences in rates at which low-income and 

minority students enrolled in title I, part A schools served by inexperienced, out-of-field, and 

ineffective teachers.

Other Educator Equity Issues

Comments: Some commenters asserted that the phrase “or statewide guidelines for district

definitions of ineffective teacher” in § 299.18(c)(2)(i) effectively permits States where districts

do not provide teacher appraisal data to the State, or where the provision of such data is 

prohibited by State law, to comply with the statute. 

Other commenters claimed that requiring SEAs to define and report on “ineffective 

teachers” inherently requires State evaluations that include an indicator for effectiveness, which 

commenters assert is prohibited in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Other commenters asserted that the requirements in § 299.18(c)(2)(v) must not violate 

individual privacy rights of teachers. Commenters noted that educator evaluation data are 

protected by law in some States, and claimed that reporting information required by the proposed 

regulation is prohibited. Commenters recommended that publication of data must be consistent 

with State and Federal privacy laws and principles, in addition to any other policies regarding the 

confidentiality of personnel information, and should not allow publication of data that is 

personally identifiable of individual teachers. 

Discussion: The phrase “or Statewide guidelines for LEA definitions of ineffective teacher” in § 

299.18(c)(2)(i) does not provide an exception to the requirement for reporting uniform teacher 

effectiveness data to the State; rather, this phrase gives SEAs the flexibility to allow variance in 

LEA definitions of “ineffective teacher” so long as each LEA complies with the statewide 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

287

guidelines. Although commenters asserted that certain State laws prohibit local entities from 

providing teacher appraisal data to the State entity, an SEA receiving title I, part A funds is 

required to report on ineffective, out of field, or inexperienced teachers in order to comply with 

section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Further, to meet the requirements 

in § 299.18(c) an LEA may report aggregate numbers without any personally identifying 

information.

As discussed earlier, we do not agree that requiring each SEA to define and report on 

ineffective teachers is prohibited by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, because it is necessary 

for meeting the requirements of section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA. Further, consistent with the 

statutory provision in section 1111(e)(1)(B)(iii)(X), the final regulations, like the proposed 

regulations, require SEAs to establish their own definitions of “ineffective teacher” and do not 

prescribe the use of any specific definition.

We agree with commenters that the requirements in § 299.18(c)(2)(v) must not violate 

individual privacy rights of teachers. Section 1111(i)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

specifies that “information shall be collected and disseminated in a manner that protects the 

privacy of individuals consistent with section 444 of GEPA (20 U.S.C. 1223g, commonly known 

as [FERPA]) and this Act.” Consistent with these requirements, we are revising the final 

regulations to clarify that reporting under § 299.18(c) must be consistent with FERPA. 

Commenters noted that evaluation data are protected by law in some States, and claimed that 

reporting information required by the proposed regulation is prohibited. However, this is not the 

case because there is no requirement that any of these data be personally identifiable. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.18(c)(4) by adding a provision clarifying that when publishing 

and reporting educator equity information in § 299.13(c)(1)(iii), SEAs must comply with 

FERPA, 20 U.S.C. § 1232g, and applicable regulations.

Comments: One commenter asked that the Department include a savings clause which would 

allow collective bargaining agreements and State laws that already define the statutory terms in § 

299.18(c) to remain intact and enforceable even given the requirements in § 299.18(c). 

Discussion: The Department does not believe that a savings clause to accommodate collective 

bargaining agreements or State laws is necessary because an SEA has discretion in defining the 

statutory terms related to ineffective, inexperienced, or out-of-field teachers, consistent with § 

299.18(c). Accordingly, an SEA should have sufficient flexibility to define these terms 

consistent with State law and in ways that do not violate collective bargaining agreements.

Changes: None.

Comments: Several commenters requested that the Department protect charter school autonomy 

by preserving the ability of charter schools to hire teachers that meet the needs of their students, 

consistent with State charter school law. These commenters recommended the final regulations

clarify that State definitions of ineffective, inexperienced, or out-of-field teachers, as they apply 

to charter schools, must defer to State charter school law. Furthermore, commenters asked that 

the Department include language clarifying that SEAs must carry out the requirements under § 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

288

299.18(c) and § 200.37, as they affect teachers in charter schools, in a manner consistent with 

State charter schools law and all other State laws and regulations governing public school teacher 

evaluation. 

Discussion: As a condition of receiving title I, part A funds, an SEA must ensure compliance 

with all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, including the requirements in section 

1111(g)(1)(B) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and § 299.18(c) of these final regulations. 

We note that under the final regulations, each SEA and, in the case of the term “ineffective 

teachers” in States that elect to provide LEAs with statewide guidelines for defining this term in 

lieu of providing a statewide definition, districts, have substantial latitude in defining the terms 

ineffective, inexperienced, and out-of-field in a manner that is consistent with State charter 

schools law and all other State laws and regulations governing public school teacher evaluation.

Changes: None.

Section 299.18(c)(6) State Authority to Deny LEA Plans and Direct LEA Use of Title II, 

Part A Funds

Comments: Two commenters expressed strong support for the Department’s proposal to permit 

an SEA to direct an LEA to use a portion of its title II, part A funds to provide low-income and 

minority students greater access to effective teachers and to require an LEA to describe in its title 

II, part A plan how it will use such funds to address any differences in rates at which certain 

subgroups of students are taught by teachers with certain characteristics and to deny approval of 

the plan if an LEA fails to do so.

Discussion: The Department appreciates commenters support for these provisions.

Changes: None.

Section 299.19 Supporting all students

Ensuring All Students Have the Opportunity to Meet State Standards

Comments: Some commenters expressed support for the requirement in proposed § 299.19(a) 

that each SEA describe how it will ensure that all students have a significant opportunity to meet 

its challenging State academic standards and career and technical education standards, as 

applicable. Some of these commenters requested that the Department require each SEA to 

describe how it will incorporate additional, specific strategies in its efforts to support students in 

meeting such standards, including personalized learning, expanded learning time, and early 

developmental and behavioral screening. Further, one commenter requested that the Department 

extend the continuum of a student’s education covered under § 299.18 college and career.

Other commenters suggested that the Department include additional requirements in §

299.19, such as consultation requirements specific to this section; efforts to engage families of 

traditionally underserved students; and reporting on equitable access to a well-rounded 

coursework.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

289

Other commenters stated that the proposed requirements in § 299.19(a) were overly 

burdensome and were not necessary to consider a consolidated State plan under section 8302 of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

Discussion: The Department appreciates commenters’ support of the requirements in proposed §

299.19(a). However, to streamline and reduce burden in the preparation of consolidated State 

plans, we are revising the requirements in § 299.19(a) to focus on the use of funds for title IV,

part A and other included programs to support the continuum of a student’s education and 

provide equitable access to a well-rounded education and rigorous coursework. We also are

revising § 299.19(a)(1) to ensure that each SEA supports LEAs doing this work, as well the 

remaining subsections in § 299.19(a) to require descriptions of the SEA’s strategies for school 

conditions, technology, and parent engagement to the extent that an SEA intends to use Federal 

funds for such purposes which may have significant benefit to students. 

Consistent with this effort to streamline requirements in § 299.18(a), we also decline to 

include additional strategies in the required descriptions of SEA activities and plans or to extend

the continuum of education covered by such plans beyond grade 12. However, we note that § 

299.19(a)(1)(i) continues to require an SEA to describe how it will support a student’s transition 

beyond high school.

We also believe that consultation related to § 299.19(a) is adequately addressed by the

consultation requirements in § 299.15(a) that requires that each SEA to consult with stakeholders 

on each component of the consolidated State plan. Further, the Stakeholder DCL provides 

recommendations on how States can meaningfully engage with stakeholders, including strategies 

to ensure engagement with parents of students from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds, 

parents of students from subgroups identified by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and 

parents of students with disabilities. The Stakeholder DCL is available at 

http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/secletter/160622.html. Similarly, existing reporting 

requirements in section 1111(h)(1)(viii) and (2)(C) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA,

address some aspects of equitable access to coursework and we decline to expand those 

requirements in the final regulations.

Changes: We have revised § 299.19(a)(1) to focus on the use of funds provided under title IV, 

part A and other included programs to support the continuum of a student’s education and 

provide equitable access to a well-rounded education and rigorous coursework. We also have 

revised § 299.19(a)(2) to require an SEA to provide descriptions of its strategies only if it intends 

to use funds from title IV, part A funds or included programs for the specific activities detailed in 

paragraph (a)(2).

Arts

Comments: Many commenters requested that the Department include “arts” in the list of 

subjects described under proposed § 299.19(a)(1)(ii) regarding equitable access to a wellrounded education and rigorous coursework.

Discussion: The proposed regulations inadvertently omitted “arts” from the list of subjects in § 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

290

299.19(a)(1)(ii). We are revising the final regulations to correct this omission. 

Changes: We have revised § 299.19(a)(1)(ii) to include “arts” in the list of subjects included in a 

well-rounded education. 

School Conditions

Comments: Many commenters requested that the Department expand and further define the 

requirements in proposed § 299.19(a)(1)(iii) regarding school conditions for student learning, 

including, for example, a definition for the “overuse” of discipline practices and “aversive 

behavioral interventions, ” adding examples of such interventions, and describing strategies to 

create safe, healthy, and affirming school environments inclusive of all students.

Discussion: The requirement in § 299.19(a)(1)(iii) is consistent with section 1111(g)(1)(C) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. We appreciate the suggestions and underscore the 

importance of ensuring that all students have access to a safe and healthy learning environment. 

In recent years, the Department has released guidance and numerous resources that describe best 

practices to improve school climate and school discipline, as well as guidance on how schools 

can meet their obligations under Federal law to administer student discipline without 

discriminating on the basis of race, color, or national origin (for example, see 

http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/school-discipline/fedefforts.html). We believe this 

requirement will ensure that an SEA works with its LEAs to implement locally designed 

activities to promote school conditions for student learning. We also agree that specific

strategies related to safe, healthy, and affirming school environments for all students are essential 

to improve school conditions and are revising this regulation accordingly.

Changes: We have revised § 299.19(a)(2)(i) to require each SEA using funds for this purpose to 

describe strategies to improve school conditions that create safe, healthy, and affirming school 

environments inclusive of all students.

Effective Use of Technology 

Comments: A few commenters recommended that the Department ensure that all students,

including for students with disabilities, have access to computers and broadband internet 

connections because many jobs in the future will have a science, technology, engineering, and 

mathematics (STEM) component. Another commenter noted that the statute only requires SEAs 

to describe how they will support LEAs, rather than requiring an SEA to describe its strategies. 

The commenter recommended that we revise the language in proposed § 299.19(a)(1)(iv) to 

more closely reflect the statutory language.

Discussion: We agree that access to the computers and the internet is an important part of a 

high-quality education and supports STEM education for all students. We also agree that the 

final regulations should be more closely aligned with statutory requirements. For these reasons, 

we are revising the final regulations to require an SEA to describe how it will support LEAs to 

effectively use technology only if the SEA is proposing to use funds under one or more of the 

included programs for that purpose. We also are revising § 299.19(a) to focus on SEA support 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

291

for LEA efforts to use technology effectively.

Changes: We have revised § 299.19(a)(2) to require an SEA to describe its strategies to support 

LEAs to effectively use technology to improve academic achievement only if the State is 

proposing to use funds under one or more of the included programs for that purpose. 

Accurate Identification of Children with Disabilities and English Learners

Comments: One commenter noted the importance of identifying disabilities early in a child’s 

educational experience. The commenter recommended that we revise proposed §

299.19(a)(1)(vi) to add that the identification of children with disabilities includes the early 

identification of children with disabilities. 

Discussion: We agree with the commenter that the early identification of students with 

disabilities is critical and results in the provision of required special education and related 

services to eligible children as early as possible in the course of their education. However, 

because the importance of, and timely and accurate identification of eligible children with 

disabilities is already addressed in the IDEA and its implementing regulations, the Department 

has determined that including similar requirements in these final regulations would be 

unnecessarily duplicative and burdensome. Consequently, the final regulations would instead 

require an assurance in § 299.14(c)(5) that the SEA has policies and procedures in effect 

regarding the appropriate identification of children with disabilities consistent with the child find 

and evaluation requirements in section 612(a)(3) and (a)(7) of the IDEA, respectively. This 

assurance is necessary to ensure the purpose of section 1001 of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, is met “to provide all children a significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable and 

high quality education” and to coordinate title I, part A activities under section 1111(a)(1)(B) 

with federal programs, including Part B of the IDEA.

The appropriate identification of students with disabilities is addressed in the IDEA and 

its implementing regulations in sections 612(a)(3) and (a)(7) and 614(a)-(c) and 34 CFR 

§§300.111, 300.122, and 300.300-300.311. In order to be eligible for an IDEA Part B grant, a 

State is required to submit a plan that provides assurances that the State has in effect policies and 

procedures to ensure that the State meets specific conditions prescribed in section 612 of the 

IDEA, including that all children with disabilities residing in the State, regardless of the severity 

of their disabilities, and who are in need of special education and related services, are identified, 

located, and evaluated in accordance with applicable IDEA Part B requirements. These 

requirements are designed to ensure that eligible children are appropriately identified and 

provided required special education and related services in a timely manner.

Proposed § 299.19(a)(1)(vi) also required the accurate identification of English learners

which unnecessarily duplicated other statutory and regulatory requirements, including section 

3113(b)(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, and § 299.13(c)(2) of these final regulations.

Changes: We have revised § 299.19(a)(1) by removing the requirement that each SEA address 

the accurate identification of children with disabilities and English learners. We have added an 

assurance in § 299.14(c)(5) regarding the appropriate identification of children with disabilities.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

292

Subgroups of Students Whom States Must Address

Comments: Several commenters supported the inclusion of particular subgroups in proposed §

299.19(a)(2)(i), such as students in foster care, homeless children and youth, and children with 

disabilities, while others recommended the addition of other groups of vulnerable students, 

including those aligned with eligible in-school youth definitions under WIOA and students 

taught primarily through Native American languages. However, other commenters expressed 

concern about the burden associated with addressing the needs of the required subgroups in State 

plans.

Discussion: We appreciate the commenters’ support for proposed § 299.19(a)(2)(i). While an 

SEA may choose to address the needs of additional subgroups of students in its State plan, we 

decline to include additional subgroups in the final regulations, in part because we believe most, 

if not all, of the students in the additional subgroups proposed by commenters are likely to be 

captured by one or more of the existing subgroups in final § 299.19(a)(1)(iii). In response to 

concerns about administrative burden, we note that while an SEA must address the needs of each 

subgroup in § 299.19(a)(1)(iii), it does not have to address each subgroup of students 

individually; for example, it may use a single strategy to address the needs of multiple 

subgroups.

Changes: None. 

Physical Education

Comments: One commenter recommended that the Department provide guidance regarding use 

of title IV, part A funds to support physical education. 

Discussion: The Department will be issuing guidance on allowable uses of title IV, part A funds, 

including use of these funds to support physical education. 

Changes: None.

Title I, Part C Priority for Services Requirements

Comments: None.

Discussion: Based on further internal review, we have determined that the proposed requirement 

in § 299.19(c)(2)(v) for each SEA to describe its processes and procedures when implementing 

priority for services for migratory students under section 1304(d) of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, would place an unnecessary burden on SEAs. Under the final regulations, each SEA

must describe the measures and data sources used in making priority for services determinations, 

as well as when and how such determinations will be communicated on a statewide basis, but it 

will not be required to describe how it will delegate responsibilities for documenting such 

determinations and the provision of services. Finally, the Department is aligning the requirement 

in § 299.19(b)(2)(v) to the statutory requirement in section 1304(b)(4) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA. The description in final § 299.19(b)(2)(v) is more limited because the SEA is 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

293

required to only describe its priorities for the use of title I, part C funds related to the needs of 

migratory children with “priority for services.”

Changes: We have revised § 299.19(b)(2)(v) to require each SEA to describe only its priorities 

for the use of title I, part C funds related to the needs of migratory children with “priority for 

services,” including (1) the measures and sources of data the SEA, and if applicable, its local 

operating agencies (LOAs), which may include LEAs, will use to identify which migratory 

children are a priority for services; and (2) when and how the SEA will communicate those 

determinations to all LOAs in the State.

Title III, Part A Standardized Entrance and Exit Procedures for English Learners 

Comments: Some commenters generally supported proposed § 299.13(c)(3), including the 

requirement that criteria to determine a student’s placement in or exit from English learner status 

be applied consistently across LEAs in a State. While supporting proposed § 299.13(c)(3) 

generally, other commenters requested clarification of some of the provisions in proposed § 

299.13(c)(3), including their application to both entrance and exit criteria, assurances related to 

criteria other than ELP assessment results, the input of local educators on exit decisions, and 

continued eligibility for services following exit from English learner status.

Finally, some commenters expressed various concerns. Specifically, one commenter 

opposed the requirement to include criteria and not just procedures in proposed § 299.19(c)(3), 

asserting that the statute does not require criteria but only procedures; another expressed concern 

that proposed § 299.19(c)(3) does not allow for locally administered assessments as part of an 

SEA’s exit criteria, and one questioned the need for proposed § 299.19(c)(3)(iv), which 

references civil rights obligations, given that proposed § 299.13(c)(2) appears to address the 

requirement.

Discussion: We appreciate commenters’ general support for proposed § 299.19(c)(3). Under 

proposed § 299.19(c)(3), an SEA’s standardized entrance and exit procedures must include valid, 

reliable, and objective criteria that are applied consistently across the State. We agree that it is 

important for an SEA to consistently apply both entrance and exit criteria and that the criteria 

that an SEA selects, in addition to results on an SEA’s ELP assessment, must be narrowly 

defined such that they can be consistently applied in LEAs across the State. However, we 

believe that final § 299.19(b)(4) sufficiently ensures these parameters around entrance and exit 

criteria.

With regard to including local input in an SEA’s exit criteria, under proposed § 

299.19(c)(3), which is moved to § 299.19(b)(4) in the final regulations, an SEA may incorporate 

local input that is valid, reliable, objective, and applied and weighted the same way across the 

State. For example, an SEA’s exit criteria may include local input such as the use of an 

observational protocol or rubric-graded portfolio, as long as such input is applied and weighted 

consistently across the State. Thus, the regulations permit a local team to recommend continuing 

a student in English learner status even if the student scores proficient on the State’s ELP 

assessment.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

294

We also note that a student may continue to receive English language support with local 

or State funds even after exiting from English learner status. Furthermore, we will consider 

reemphasizing this in guidance.

Regarding concern over the requirement that an SEA’s standardized entrance and exit 

procedures must also include criteria, as discussed earlier, under GEPA and DEOA, the 

Secretary has general rulemaking authority. Therefore, it is not necessary for the Act to 

specifically authorize the Secretary to issue a particular regulatory provision. Given the title III, 

part A requirement to describe statewide entrance and exit procedures under section 3113(b)(2)

of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, we believe it is within our regulatory authority to ensure 

that the procedures include criteria that will ensure the purposes of title III, part A are met,

including to ensure that English learners attain ELP and develop high levels of academic 

achievement in English. With respect to the use of locally administered assessments, the 

Department believes that final § 299.19(b)(4) appropriately precludes use of locally administered 

ELP assessments as part of its exit criteria, as local assessments, by definition, are not standard 

across the State. However, local assessments may be used to help identify the needs of and 

appropriate instructional supports for English learners so that they can attain English proficiency. 

Finally, we agree with the commenter regarding proposed § 299.19(c)(3)(iv) on civil rights 

obligations, and are moving that provision to § 299.13(c)(2). 

Changes: We have removed proposed § 299.19(c)(3)(iv) and added necessary text to § 

299.13(c)(2) requiring an SEA to provide an assurance that its exit procedures as well as its 

entrance procedures are consistent with civil rights obligations.

Title III, Part A Exit Procedures for English Learners 

Comments: Some commenters supported proposed § 299.19(c)(3), which restricts the use of 

content area assessments as part of an SEA’s standardized exit criteria, with one commenter 

explaining that content area assessments are neither designed nor intended to measure a student’s 

ELP and thus should not be used as a criterion in deciding to continue a student in or exit a 

student from English learner status. This same commenter, however, asserted that an SEA can 

and should use results of content area assessments to set academic achievement standards (i.e., 

“cut scores”) on the SEA’s ELP assessment, particularly to help mitigate against cut scores that 

result in students prematurely exiting English learner status. 

Commenters who opposed the restriction generally sought greater flexibility in using the 

results of content area assessments to inform decisions on both continuing a student in or exiting 

a student from English learner status. For example, some commenters stated that it may be 

appropriate to use the results of content assessments to continue a student’s English learner status

if the ELP assessment is not fully aligned with a State’s academic content standards or the cut 

scores on the ELP assessment have not been set at appropriate levels and thus could result in a 

student prematurely exiting English learner status (and potentially violating a student’s civil 

rights). Among commenters who supported using the results of content assessments to exit 

students from English learner status, one commenter asserted that a student who scores proficient 

on the State’s reading/language arts assessment, but just below a score of proficient on the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

295

State’s ELP assessment, should be permitted to exit English learner status, and that such 

flexibility could help account for error in ELP assessments. Finally, one commenter requested 

clarification as to what academic content assessments means under proposed § 299.19(c)(3). 

Discussion: Under proposed § 299.19(c)(3), an SEA’s standardized entrance and exit procedures 

must not include performance on an academic content assessment. Academic content 

assessments in this context means any academic content assessments, including the statewide 

assessments in reading/language arts, mathematics, or science used for accountability purposes, 

as well as other assessments. 

The Department continues to believe that while performance on content area assessments 

may be affected by a student’s level of ELP, such assessments are not valid and reliable 

measures of ELP and, if used to continue a student’s status as an English learner, may do so 

inappropriately (i.e., when a student is proficient in English) and lead to negative academic 

outcomes for an individual student. We are aware that some SEAs and LEAs have entered into 

resolution agreements or consent decrees with Federal agencies that contain provisions relating 

to exit criteria for English learners. We encourage those SEAs and LEAs to contact the 

Department so that we may, together with the U.S. Department of Justice, assist those SEAs and 

LEAs with the requirements under both these regulations and the applicable resolution

agreement or consent decree.

It would be equally inappropriate use a proficient score on the reading/language arts 

assessment to exit a student whose ELP assessment results are close to the cut score. The 

reading/language arts assessment typically does not assess all four domains (reading, writing, 

listening, and speaking); consequently, using results on such an assessment as part of exit criteria

may result in a student exiting who is not able to succeed in a classroom in which listening and 

speaking in English are crucial skills. Finally, we agree that using the results on content area 

assessments to help establish cut scores on an ELP assessment may contribute to more 

meaningful cut scores on the English language proficiency assessment, and we note that the final 

regulations do not restrict the use of content area assessment results for this purpose. 

Changes: None.

Comments: Some commenters expressed support for the requirement in proposed § 299.13(c)(3) 

that an SEA’s standardized exit criteria for English learners must include a score of proficient on 

the State’s ELP assessment as one criterion to exit a student from English learner status. 

However, one of these commenters recommended prohibiting SEAs from using the results of the 

ELP assessment as its sole criterion for determining English learner status. Other commenters

opposed § 299.13(c)(3), with some expressing concern that English learners who are also 

students with disabilities might never be able to exit English learner status and others questioning 

how a student whose parents opt their children out of all State standardized testing would be able 

to exit English learner status without an ELP score.

Discussion: We believe that, consistent with the January 7, 2015 Dear Colleague Letter on 

serving English learners, including those with disabilities, which was jointly signed by the U.S. 

Department of Justice and OCR, a score of proficient on the State’s ELP assessment is critical to 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

296

ensuring that a student is appropriately exited from English learner status (see

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-el-201501.pdf). Such exit must, at a 

minimum, be based on a valid and reliable measure that demonstrates sufficient student 

performance across the required domains in order to consider an English learner to have attained 

proficiency in English, i.e., a State’s ELP assessment. While States have flexibility under the 

final regulations to use objective criteria related to English language proficiency in addition to a 

proficient score on the State ELP assessment to determine English learner status, we decline to 

require the use of multiple criteria.

With respect to a student whose parents may have chosen to opt the student out of all 

State standardized testing, a high-quality assessment system, including State standardized tests, 

helps parents, teachers, and other stakeholders to understand and address the needs of individual 

and groups of students. A State’s ELP assessment, along with other indicators of a student’s 

performance and progress at achieving ELP, can focus efforts on areas where students most need 

support to help ensure their academic success, attainment of a regular high school diploma, and

pursuance of postsecondary education or a career of their own choosing. 

Changes: None.

McKinney-Vento Education for Homeless Children and Youths (McKinney-Vento) 

Program.

Comments: We received one comment supporting the inclusion of the McKinney-Vento 

program in the consolidated State plan. We received another comment, submitted with multiple 

signatories, expressing concern that several key elements of the State plan required in the 

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, as amended by the ESSA, were omitted from the 

program-specific requirements under § 299.19(c)(5) and recommending the addition of certain 

requirements to the final regulations. The commenters expressed concern that without the 

inclusion of these requirements in the consolidated State plan, each SEA may not provide 

adequate attention to them when implementing the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, 

as amended by the ESSA. The commenters also noted that because the SEA’s plan for 

addressing these critical elements would not be included in the consolidated State plan, 

stakeholders and the public would not have a formal opportunity to provide comments on them, 

as required by the consultation requirements in § 299.13.

Discussion: We appreciate the comments supporting the inclusion of the McKinney-Vento 

program in the consolidated State plan. We note that under § 299.13(c), all SEAs, whether 

submitting an individual or consolidated State plan, must submit a single set of section 

8304(a)(1) assurances, applicable to each program for which the plan or application is submitted, 

that provides that each such program will be administered in accordance with all applicable 

statutes, regulations, program plans, and applications. These assurances are consistent with the 

purpose of the consolidated State plan requirements under Section 8302 of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, which aims to simplify application requirements and which requires the 

Secretary to require only descriptions, information, assurances, and other materials that are 

absolutely necessary for the consideration of the consolidated State plan. The consolidated State 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

297

plan requirements for the McKinney-Vento program contain those requirements that we have 

determined are absolutely necessary for the consideration of the consolidated State plan, and we 

decline to add any additional requirements beyond those that are absolutely necessary. We also 

note that these areas are covered in depth in the updated non-regulatory guidance the Department 

released on July 27, 2016, (available at 

http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/160240ehcyguidance072716.pdf).

Changes: None.

Program-Specific Requirements for Title I, Part D

Comments: A number of commenters expressed concern that there was not more specific 

mention of title I, part D requirements in the NPRM. Several of these commenters expressed a 

desire for more emphasis in the regulations on transition services for students moving between 

correctional facilities and locally operated programs, and several commenters requested more 

focus in the final regulations on how States plan to assess the effectiveness of their title I, part D 

programs in improving the academic, career, and technical skills of children in the program. 

Some commenters also requested regulatory changes to provide clear instructions for monitoring. 

Finally, one commenter asked that the Department define “at-risk” in the regulations.

Discussion: We agree with the commenters that title I, part D should be addressed in the 

consolidated State plan requirements and are adding title I, part D requirements in § 

299.19(c)(3). Consistent with Section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, we are 

adding only those requirements that we have determined are absolutely necessary for the 

consideration of the consolidated State plan. Regarding monitoring, the SEA is expected to meet 

the requirements outlined in title I, part D, and the Department declines to add any additional 

monitoring requirements. Similarly, section 1432(2) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

already includes a definition of the term “at-risk.”

Changes: We have revised § 299.19(c)(3) to include title I, part D consolidated State plan 

requirements.

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563

Regulatory Impact Analysis

Under Executive Order 12866, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) must 

determine whether this regulatory action is significant and, therefore, subject to the requirements 

of the Executive order and subject to review by OMB. Section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 

defines “significant regulatory action” as an action likely to result in a rule that may--

(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more, or adversely affect a 

sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, 

or State, local, or tribal governments or communities in a material way (also referred to as an 

“economically significant” rule);
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

298

(2) Create serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by 

another agency;

(3) Materially alter the budgetary impacts of entitlement grants, user fees, or loan 

programs or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or

(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President’s

priorities, or the principles stated in the Executive order.

This final regulatory action is an economically significant regulatory action subject to 

review by OMB under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866.

We have also reviewed these regulations under Executive Order 13563, which 

supplements and explicitly reaffirms the principles, structures, and definitions governing 

regulatory review established in Executive Order 12866. To the extent permitted by law, 

Executive Order 13563 requires that an agency--

(1) Propose or adopt regulations only upon a reasoned determination that their benefits 

justify their costs (recognizing that some benefits and costs are difficult to quantify);

(2) Tailor its regulations to impose the least burden on society, consistent with obtaining 

regulatory objectives and taking into account, among other things and to the extent practicable,

the costs of cumulative regulations;

(3) In choosing among alternative regulatory approaches, select those approaches that 

maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety, 

and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity);

(4) To the extent feasible, specify performance objectives, rather than the behavior or 

manner of compliance a regulated entity must adopt; and

(5) Identify and assess available alternatives to direct regulation, including economic 

incentives such as user fees or marketable permits, to encourage the desired behavior, or provide 

information that enables the public to make choices.

Executive Order 13563 also requires an agency “to use the best available techniques to 

quantify anticipated present and future benefits and costs as accurately as possible.” The Office 

of Information and Regulatory Affairs of OMB has emphasized that these techniques may 

include “identifying changing future compliance costs that might result from technological 

innovation or anticipated behavioral changes.”

We are issuing these final regulations only on a reasoned determination that their benefits 

justify their costs. In choosing among alternative regulatory approaches, we selected those 

approaches that maximize net benefits. Based on the analysis that follows, the Department 

believes that these final regulations are consistent with the principles in Executive Order 13563.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

299

We have also determined that this regulatory action will not unduly interfere with State, 

local, and tribal governments in the exercise of their governmental functions.

We have assessed the costs and benefits of this regulatory action. The costs associated 

with the final regulations are those resulting from statutory requirements and those we have 

determined as necessary for administering these programs effectively and efficiently. Elsewhere 

in this section under Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, we identify and explain burdens 

specifically associated with information collection requirements.

In assessing the costs and benefits--both quantitative and qualitative--of these final 

regulations, we have determined that the benefits justify the costs.

Discussion of Costs and Benefits

The Department believes that the majority of the changes in these final regulations will 

not impose significant costs on States, LEAs, or other entities that participate in programs 

addressed by this regulatory action. Other changes will impose costs, but in many cases they are 

one-time or initial costs that will not recur, and the Department believes that the benefits 

resulting from the regulations will exceed the costs by a significant margin. We also note that 

while the Department received over 20,000 public comments on the proposed regulations, only 

four commenters addressed the Regulatory Impact Analysis, with one commenter supporting the 

cost estimates in the NPRM and three commenters asserting that the estimates did not fully 

reflect the costs of implementation. We believe that this relatively low level of concern about 

administrative burdens and costs confirms our view, as expressed in the NPRM, that the 

regulatory framework in these regulations for State accountability systems based on the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, closely parallels current State systems, which include long-term goals 

and measurements of interim progress; multiple indicators, including indicators of Academic 

Achievement, Graduation Rates, and other academic measures selected by the State; annual 

differentiation of school performance; the identification of low-performing schools; and the 

implementation of improvement plans for identified schools. In addition, the final regulations, 

consistent with the requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, provide considerable 

flexibility to States and LEAs in determining the specific approaches to meeting new 

requirements, including the rigor of long-term goals and measurements of interim progress, the 

timeline for meeting those goals, the selection and weighting of indicators of student and school 

progress, the criteria for identification of schools for improvement, and the development and 

implementation of improvement plans. This flexibility allows States and LEAs to build on 

existing measures, systems, and interventions rather than creating new ones, and to determine the 

most cost-efficient and least burdensome means of meeting proposed regulatory requirements, 

instead of a standardized set of prescriptive requirements. For all of these reasons, this final 

cost-benefit analysis generally is consistent with the Department’s original estimates.

One commenter asserted that virtually the entire reduced burden in the proposed 

regulations resulted from statutory rather than regulatory changes, implying that the cost-benefit 

analysis improperly attributed burden reduction to the regulations. The commenter also asserted 

that in reducing flexibility for States compared to statutory requirements, the proposed 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

300

regulations would likely increase costs for States due to the additional administrative burdens of 

meeting new requirements. In response, we note that, consistent with OMB requirements, our 

cost-benefit analysis in the final regulations, as in the proposed regulations, takes into account 

the estimated costs of both statutory and regulatory changes compared to previous statutory and 

regulatory requirements. Accordingly, we identify certain statutory changes to the accountability 

systems and school improvement requirements of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which

would result in a significant reduction in costs and administrative burdens for States and LEAs. 

First, the previous regulations, which are based on the core goal of ensuring 100 percent 

proficiency in reading and mathematics for all students and all subgroups, potentially result in 

the identification of the overwhelming majority of participating title I schools for improvement, 

corrective action, or restructuring. Such an outcome would produce unsustainable demands on 

State and local capacity to develop, fund, implement, and monitor school improvement plans and 

related school improvement supports. It was the prospect of this outcome that drove the 

development of, and rapid voluntary requests for, waivers of certain accountability and school 

improvement requirements under ESEA flexibility prior to enactment of the ESSA. The final 

accountability regulations instead will require, consistent with the requirements of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, more flexible, targeted, largely State-determined systems of 

differentiated accountability and school improvement focused on the lowest-performing schools 

in each State, including the bottom five percent of title I schools based on the performance of all 

students, as well as other schools identified for consistently underperforming subgroups. Based 

on the experience of ESEA flexibility, the Department estimates that States will identify a total 

of 10,000-15,000 schools for school improvement nationwide--of which the Department 

estimates 4,000 will be identified for comprehensive support and improvement--compared with 

as many as 50,000 under the previous regulations in the absence of waivers. While the costs of 

carrying out required school improvement activities under the previous regulations varied 

considerably across schools, LEAs, and States depending on a combination of factors, including 

the stage of improvement and locally selected interventions, it is clear that the final regulations 

will dramatically decrease potential school improvement burdens for most States and LEAs.

Second, under the final regulations, LEAs will not be required to make available 

supplemental educational services (SES) to students from low-income families who attend 

schools identified for improvement. This means that States will not be required to develop and 

maintain lists of approved SES providers, review provider performance, monitor LEA 

implementation of SES requirements, or set aside substantial amounts of title I, part A funding 

for SES. States and LEAs also will no longer be required to report on either student participation 

or expenditures related to public school choice or SES. While States participating in ESEA 

flexibility generally already have benefited from waivers of the statutory and regulatory 

requirements related to public school choice and SES, the final regulations will extend this relief 

to all States and LEAs without the additional burden of seeking waivers.

Third, the final regulations will eliminate requirements for State identification of LEAs 

for improvement and the development and implementation of LEA improvement and corrective 

action plans. As would be the case for schools, the current regulations would require such plans 

for virtually all participating title I LEAs; the final regulations will not require States to identify 

any LEAs for improvement.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

301

While most of the elements and requirements of State accountability systems required by 

the final regulations involve minimal or even significantly reduced costs compared to the 

requirements of the previous regulations, there are certain proposed changes that could entail 

additional costs, as described below. 

Goals and Indicators

Section 200.13 requires States to establish a uniform procedure for setting long-term 

goals and measurements of interim progress for English learners that can be applied consistently 

and equitably to all students and schools for accountability purposes and that consider individual 

student characteristics (e.g., grade level, English language proficiency level) in determining the 

most appropriate timeline and goals for attaining English language proficiency for each English 

learner. We estimate that each State will, on average, require 80 hours of staff time to develop 

the required uniform procedure. Assuming a cost of $40 per hour for State staff, the final 

regulations will result in a one-time cost, across 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto 

Rico, of $166,400. We believe that the development of a uniform, statewide procedure will 

minimize additional costs and administrative burdens at the LEA level, and that any additional 

modest costs will be outweighed by the benefits of the final regulations, which will allow 

differentiation of goals for an English learners based on their language and educational 

backgrounds, thereby recognizing the varied needs of the English learner population. Setting the 

same long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for all English learners in the State 

would fail to account for these differences in the English learner population and would result in 

goals that are inappropriate for at least some students and schools.

Under § 200.14(b)(5), States will be required to develop at least one indicator of School 

Quality or Student Success that measures such factors as student access to and completion of 

advanced coursework, postsecondary readiness, school climate and safety, student engagement, 

educator engagement, or any other measure the State chooses. Section 200.14(c) specifies that 

measures within School Quality or Student Success indicators must, among other requirements, 

be valid, reliable, and comparable across all LEAs in the State and support meaningful 

differentiation of performance among schools. We recognize that the development and 

implementation of new School Quality or Student Success indicators, which may include the 

development of instruments to collect and report data on one or more such measures, could 

impose significant additional costs on a State that elects to develop an entirely new measure. 

However, the Department also believes, based in part on its experience in reviewing waiver 

requests under ESEA flexibility, that all States currently collect data on one or more measures 

that may be suitable as an indicator of School Quality or Student Success consistent with the 

requirements of § 200.14(b)(5). Consequently, we believe that all, or nearly all, States will 

choose to adapt a current measure to the purposes of § 200.14(b)(5), rather than developing an 

entirely new measure, and thus that the final regulations will not impose significant new costs or 

administrative burdens on States and LEAs.

Participation Rate

Section 200.15(b)(2)(iv) provides flexibility for a State to develop and submit for 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

302

approval--as part of either a consolidated State plan or a title I, part A State plan--a Statedetermined action or set of actions for factoring the 95 percent participation rate requirement into 

its system of annual meaningful differentiation of schools that is sufficiently rigorous to improve 

a school’s assessment participation rate so that it meets the 95 percent participation rate 

requirement. We note that a State may avoid the administrative burden and cost of developing 

its own State-determined action, or set of actions, by adopting one or more of the alternative 

actions provided in § 200.15(b)(2)(i)-(iii). Nevertheless, we estimate that 26 States will take 

advantage of this flexibility and incur the one-time costs of developing or adopting and 

submitting for approval to the Department a State-determined action or set of actions for schools 

that miss the 95 percent participation rate. The Department further estimates that these 26 States 

would need, on average, 32 hours to develop or adopt and submit for peer review and approval 

such a State-determined action. At $40 per hour, the average cost per State would be $1,280, 

resulting in total costs of $33,280 for the estimated 26 States. We expect that States generally 

would use Federal education funds they reserve for State administration under title I, part A to 

cover these one-time costs.

In addition, § 200.15(c)(2) requires an LEA with a significant number of schools that fail 

to assess at least 95 percent of all students or 95 percent of students in any subgroup to develop 

and implement an improvement plan that includes support for school-level plans to improve 

participation rates that must be developed under § 200.15(c)(1). Section 200.15(c)(2) further 

requires States to review and approve these LEA plans. 

These improvement plan requirements are similar to previous regulations that required 

States to: annually review the progress of each LEA in making AYP; identify for improvement 

any LEA that fails to make AYP for two consecutive years, including any LEA that fails to make 

AYP as a result of not assessing 95 percent of all students or each subgroup of students; and 

provide technical assistance and other support related to the development and implementation of 

LEA improvement plans. Current regulations also require States to take certain corrective 

actions in LEAs that miss AYP for four or more consecutive years, including LEAs that miss 

AYP due to not assessing 95 percent of all students or each subgroup of students. As noted 

previously, the final regulations no longer require annual State review of LEA progress; State 

identification of LEAs for improvement; or the development, preparation, or implementation of 

LEA improvement or corrective action plans. This significant reduction in State burden more 

than offsets the burden in the final regulations related to both the potential one-time cost of 

developing a State-determined action for schools that miss the 95 percent participation rate and 

reviewing and approving LEA plans to address low assessment participation rates in their 

schools. In addition, State discretion to define the threshold for “a significant number of 

schools” that would trigger the requirement for LEA plans related to missing the 95 percent 

participation rate will provide States a measure of control over the burden of complying with the 

final regulations. Consequently, the Department believes that the final regulations related to the 

95 percent participation rate will not increase costs or administrative burdens significantly for 

States, as compared to the current regulations. Moreover, we believe that these requirements 

will have the significant benefit of helping to ensure that the plans include effective interventions 

that will improve participation in assessments, facilitate transparent information for families and 

educators on student progress, and assist schools in supporting high-quality instruction and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

303

meeting the demonstrated educational needs of all students.

School Improvement Process

The school improvement requirements in the final regulations generally are similar to 

those required under the current regulations. The previous regulations required identification of 

schools for multiple improvement categories, State and LEA notification of identified schools, 

the development and implementation of improvement plans with stakeholder involvement, State 

support for implementation of improvement plans, LEA provision of public school choice and 

SES options (the latter of which also imposes significant administrative burdens on States), and 

more rigorous actions for schools that do not improve over time. In addition, the previous

regulations included a prescriptive timeline under which schools that do not improve must 

advance to the next stage of improvement, typically only after a year or two of implementation at 

the previous stage (e.g., a school is given only one year for corrective action to prove successful 

before being identified for restructuring). The previous regulations also generally did not allow 

for a planning year prior to implementation of the required improvement plans (with the 

exception of the penultimate restructuring phase). The final regulations, consistent with the 

statute, provide more flexibility around the timeline for identifying schools (e.g., once every 

three years for comprehensive support and improvement schools), up to a full year to develop 

comprehensive support and improvement and targeted support and improvement plans, and more 

time for full and effective implementation of improvement plans based on State- and LEAdetermined timelines for meeting improvement benchmarks. The final regulations also eliminate 

the public school choice and SES requirements, which impose substantial administrative costs 

and burdens on LEAs that are not directly related to turning around low-performing schools. We

believe that the final regulations will result in a significant reduction in the administrative 

burdens and costs imposed by key school improvement requirements by the previous regulations.

The final regulations also clarify certain elements of the school improvement process 

required by the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including the needs assessment for schools 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement, the use of evidence-based interventions 

in schools identified for both comprehensive support and improvement and targeted support and 

improvement, and the review of resource inequities required for schools identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement as well as for schools with low-performing subgroups 

identified for targeted support and improvement under § 200.19(b)(2). Section 200.21 requires 

an LEA with such a school to carry out, in partnership with stakeholders, a comprehensive needs 

assessment that takes into account, at a minimum, the school’s performance on all indicators 

used by the State’s accountability system and the reason(s) the school was identified. The final 

regulations also require the LEA to develop a comprehensive support and improvement plan that 

is based on the needs assessment and that includes one or more evidence-based interventions. 

These requirements are similar to the requirements in the previous regulations, under which

LEAs with schools identified for improvement must develop improvement plans that include 

consultation with stakeholders. Thus we believe that the final regulations related to conducting a 

needs assessment and the use of evidence-based interventions will not increase costs or 

administrative burdens significantly for LEAs, as compared to the previous statutory and 

regulatory requirements. Moreover, we believe that these requirements will have the significant 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

304

benefit of helping to ensure that the required improvement plans include effective interventions 

that meet the demonstrated educational needs of students in identified schools, and ultimately 

improve outcomes for those students.

Section 200.21 also requires LEAs with schools identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement, as well as schools with low-performing subgroups identified for targeted support 

and improvement that also must receive additional targeted support under § 200.19(b)(2), to 

identify and address resource inequities, including any disproportionate assignment of 

ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers and possible inequities related to the per-pupil 

expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds. These requirements involve an additional use of 

data and methods that LEAs would be required to develop and apply to meet other statutory and 

regulatory requirements in the final regulations, including requirements related to ensuring that 

low-income and minority students are not taught at disproportionate rates by ineffective, out-offield, or inexperienced teachers, the inclusion of per-pupil expenditure data on State and LEA 

report cards, and the use of per-pupil expenditure data to meet the title I supplement not supplant 

requirement. In addition, the final regulations do not specify how an LEA must address any 

resource inequities identified through its review. We believe it is critically important to ensure 

equitable access to effective teachers, and that the fair and equitable allocation of other 

educational resources is essential to ensuring that all students, particularly the low-achieving, 

disadvantaged, and minority students who are the focus of ESEA programs, have equitable 

access to the full range of courses, instructional materials, educational technology, and programs 

that help ensure positive educational outcomes.31 Consequently, we believe that the benefits of 

the required review of resource inequities outweigh the minimal additional costs that may be

imposed by the final regulations.

Section 200.21 establishes a new requirement for State review and approval of each 

comprehensive support and improvement plan developed by LEAs with one or more schools 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement, as well as proposed amendments to 

previously approved plans. This requirement potentially imposes additional costs compared to 

the previous regulations. One commenter noted that while cost estimates in the NPRM captured 

a portion of the costs of these plans, the estimates did not recognize other start-up costs, such as 

preparing for the collection and review of plans and training LEAs on plan requirements, as well 

as ongoing costs related to monitoring comprehensive support and improvement plans and 

revising plans when necessary. The commenter further noted that States would likely have to 

engage both LEAs and schools to ensure the development and implementation of effective 

improvement plans. The Department agrees that its initial estimates likely understated the 

average costs that States would incur in creating an application process, training LEA staff, 

collecting applications, and reviewing and approving comprehensive support and improvement 

plans for the estimated 4,000 schools that will be identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement under the final regulations. Consequently, we are increasing the number of hours 

that we estimate these activities would take, on average, for each identified school from 20 hours 

to 30 hours, representing the addition of 5 hours for training and 5 hours for administrative 

 

31 See, for example, U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights Dear Colleague Letter, Resource Comparability, 

October 1, 2014. http://www.ed.gov/ocr/letters/colleague-resourcecomp-201410.pdf.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

305

processing of each application. Assuming a cost of $40 per hour for State staff, the total 

estimated State costs related to comprehensive support and improvement plans rises from 

$3,200,000 in the NPRM to $4,800,000 in these final regulations. States are expected to incur 

these costs just once over the course of the four-year authorization of the law due to the delayed 

timeline for identification of the initial cohort of comprehensive support and improvement 

schools, which under the final regulations will take place at the beginning of the 2018-2019 

school year. We also note that this cost represents less than 3 percent of the funds that States are 

authorized to reserve annually for State-level administrative and school improvement activities 

under part A of title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Given the critical importance of 

ensuring that LEAs implement rigorous improvement plans in their lowest-performing 

comprehensive support and improvement schools, and that a significant proportion of the 

approximately $1 billion that States will reserve annually under section 1003 of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA, will be used to support effective implementation of these plans, we

believe that the potential benefits of a robust State review and approval role will far outweigh the 

costs. Moreover, those costs would be fully paid for with formula grant funds made available 

through the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, including the 1 percent administrative reservation 

under title I, part A and the 5 percent State-level share of section 1003 school improvement 

funds.

We further note that the analysis in the NPRM did account for the requirement that the 

State monitor and periodically review each LEA’s implementation of approved comprehensive 

support and improvement plans. As described in the NRPM, these activities are essentially the 

same as those carried out under the previous statute and regulations for schools identified for 

improvement, corrective action, and restructuring, as well as State-level monitoring requirements 

under the School Improvement Grants program, and thus do not represent new burden or costs 

for States. In addition, section 1003 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, which requires 

States to reserve a total of approximately $1 billion annually to support implementation of 

comprehensive support and improvement and targeted support and improvement plans, permits 

States to use up to 5 percent of these funds for State-level activities, including “monitoring and 

evaluating the use of funds” by LEAs using section 1003 funds for comprehensive support and 

improvement plans. For these reasons, we believe that the requirement in the final regulations to 

monitor and periodically review each LEA’s implementation of approved comprehensive support 

and improvement plans would impose few, if any, additional costs compared to previous 

regulatory requirements, and that any increased costs would be paid for with Federal funding 

provided for this purpose.

The final regulations also require States to establish exit criteria for schools implementing 

comprehensive support and improvement plans and for certain schools with low-performing 

subgroups identified for targeted support and improvement that also must receive additional 

targeted support under § 200.19(b)(2) and implement enhanced targeted support and 

improvement plans. In both cases, the final regulations require that the exit criteria established 

by the State ensure that a school (1) has improved student outcomes and (2) no longer meets the 

criteria for identification. Schools that do not meet exit criteria following a State-determined 

number of years will be identified for additional improvement actions (as outlined by an 

amended comprehensive support and improvement plan for schools already implementing such 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

306

plans, and a comprehensive support and improvement plan for schools previously identified for 

targeted support and improvement due to low-performing subgroups that also receive additional 

targeted support). We believe that these additional requirements will be minimally burdensome 

and entail few, if any, additional costs for States. Moreover, most States already have developed 

similar exit criteria for their priority and focus schools under ESEA flexibility, and likely will be 

able to adapt existing criteria for use under the final regulations. Rigorous exit criteria linked to 

additional improvement actions are essential for ensuring that low-performing schools, and, 

more importantly, the students who attend them, do not continue to underperform for years 

without meaningful and effective interventions. Moreover, the additional improvement actions 

primarily involve revision of existing improvement plans, which will be less burdensome than, 

for example, moving from corrective action to restructuring under current regulations, which 

requires the creation of an entirely new plan involving significantly different interventions. For 

these reasons, we believe that the benefits of the final regulations will outweigh the costs.

In addition to requiring States to review and approve comprehensive support and 

improvement plans, monitor implementation of those plans, and establish exit criteria, the final 

regulations require States to provide technical assistance and other support to LEAs serving a 

significant number of schools identified either for comprehensive support and improvement or 

targeted support and improvement.

Section 200.23 requires each State to periodically review available resources between 

LEAs and between schools. The final regulations also require each State to take action, to the 

extent practicable, to address any resource inequities identified during its review. These reviews 

generally will not require the collection of new data and, in many cases, will involve reexamining information and analyses provided to States by LEAs during the process of reviewing 

and approving comprehensive support and improvement plans and meeting title I requirements 

regarding disproportionate assignment of low-income and minority students to ineffective, outof-field, or inexperienced teachers. In addition, the final regulations give States flexibility to 

identify the LEAs targeted for resource reviews. Consequently, we believe that the final 

regulations regarding State resource reviews will be minimally burdensome and entail few if any 

new costs, while contributing to the development of statewide strategies for addressing resource 

inequities that can help improve outcomes for students served under ESEA programs. 

Similarly, § 200.23(b) of the final regulations requires each State to describe in its State 

plan the technical assistance it will provide to each of its LEAs serving a significant number of 

schools identified for either comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support and 

improvement. The final regulations also specify minimum requirements for such technical 

assistance, including how the State will assist LEAs in developing and implementing 

comprehensive support and improvement plans and targeted support and improvement plans, 

conducting school-level needs assessments, selecting evidence-based interventions, and 

reviewing and addressing resource inequities. We believe that these requirements related to 

State-provided technical assistance to certain LEAs will be better differentiated, more reflective 

of State capacity limits, and significantly less burdensome and costly than previous regulatory 

requirements related to LEA improvement and corrective action and the operation of statewide 

systems of support for schools and LEAs identified for improvement. Moreover, given the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

307

schools that would be targeted for technical assistance, most costs could be paid for with the 

State share of funds reserved for school improvement under section 1003 of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA.

Data Reporting

The ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, expanded reporting requirements for States and 

LEAs in order to provide parents, practitioners, policy makers, and public officials at the Federal, 

State, and local levels with actionable data and information on key aspects of our education 

system and the students served by that system, but in particular those students served by ESEA 

programs. The final regulations implement these requirements primarily by clarifying 

definitions and, where possible, streamlining and simplifying reporting requirements consistent 

with the purposes of the ESEA. Although the regulatory changes in §§ 200.30 through 200.37 

involve new requirements that entail additional costs for States and LEAs, we believe the costs 

are reasonable in view of the potential benefits, which include a more comprehensive picture of 

the structure and performance of our education system under the new law. Importantly, the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, gives States and LEAs considerable new flexibility to develop 

and implement innovative, evidence-based approaches to addressing local educational needs, and 

the final regulations help ensure that the comprehensive data reporting requirements of the 

ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, capture the shape and results of that innovation without 

imposing unreasonable burdens on program participants. 

The Department estimates that the new data reporting requirements impose a one-time 

increased burden of 230 hours per State. Assuming an average cost of $40 an hour for State 

staff, we estimate a total one-time cost of $478,400 for meeting the new State report card 

requirements. The Department further estimates that the preparation and dissemination of LEA 

report cards will require a new one-time average burden of 80 hours per respondent in the first 

year and annual burden of 10 hours per respondent, resulting in a one-time total burden across 

16,970 LEAs of 1,357,600 hours and annual burden of 169,700 hours per LEA.32 Assuming an 

average cost of $35 an hour for LEA staff, we estimate the one-time total cost to be $47,516,000 

and a total annual cost of $5,939,500. The annual burden on LEAs for creating and publishing 

their report cards remains unchanged at 16 hours per LEA, posing no additional costs relative to 

the costs associated with the previous statutory and regulatory requirements. The Department 

believes these additional costs are reasonable for collecting essential information regarding the 

students, teachers, schools, and LEAs served through Federal programs authorized by the ESEA, 

as amended by the ESSA, that currently award more than $23 billion annually to States and 

LEAs.

A key challenge faced by States in meeting current report card requirements has been 

developing clear, effective formats for the timely delivery of complex information to a wide 

range of customers. Sections 200.30 and 200.31 specify requirements intended to promote 

 

32 16,790 is, according to NCES data, the total number of operating school districts of all types, except supervisory unions and

regional education service agencies; including these types would result in double-counting. We note that the number of LEAs 

fluctuates annually.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

308

improvements in this area, including a required overview aimed at ensuring essential information 

is provided to parents in a manageable, easy-to-understand format; definitions for key elements; 

dissemination options; accessible formats; and deadlines for publication. We believe the benefits 

of the final regulations are significant and include transparency, timeliness, and wide 

accessibility of data to inform educational improvement and accountability.

Section 200.32 streamlines reporting requirements related to State and local 

accountability systems by permitting States and LEAs to meet those requirements by referencing 

or obtaining data from other existing documents and descriptions created to meet other 

requirements in the final regulations. For example, § 200.32 allows States and LEAs to meet the 

requirement relating to a description of State accountability systems through a link to a Web 

address, rather than trying to condense a complex, lengthy description of a statewide 

accountability system into an accessible, easy-to-understand “report card” format. Section 

200.33 clarifies calculations and reporting of data on student achievement and other measures of 

progress, primarily through modifications to existing measures and calculations. These changes 

help ensure that State and local report cards serve their intended purpose of providing the public 

with information on a variety of measures in a State’s accountability system that conveys a 

complete picture of school, LEA, and State performance. The final regulations have a key 

benefit of requiring all LEA report cards to include results from all State accountability system 

indicators for all schools served by the LEA to ensure that parents, teachers, and other key 

stakeholders have access to the information for which schools are held accountable.

A critical new requirement in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, is the collection and 

reporting of per-pupil expenditures. Section 200.35 includes requirements and definitions aimed 

at helping States and LEAs collect and report reliable, accurate, and comparable data on these 

expenditures. We believe that these data will be essential in helping districts meet their 

obligations under the supplement not supplant requirement in title I-A, which requires districts to 

develop a methodology demonstrating that Federal funds are used to supplement State and local 

education funding. In addition, making such data widely available has tremendous potential to 

highlight disparities in resource allocations that can have a significant impact on both the 

effective use of Federal program funds and educational opportunity and outcomes for the 

students served by ESEA programs. Broader knowledge and understanding of such disparities 

among educators, parents, and the public can lead to a more informed conversation about how to 

improve the performance of our education system, and the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA,

highlights the importance of resource allocation considerations by making them a key component 

of school improvement plans, and ultimately improve educational outcomes.

Section 200.36 provides specifications for the newly required collection of information 

on student enrollment in postsecondary education, including definitions of key data elements. 

Sections 200.34 and 200.37 clarify guidelines for calculating graduation rates and reporting on 

educator qualifications, respectively, and reflect a change to existing reporting requirements in 

current regulations rather than new items (e.g., requirements related to the reporting of “highly

qualified teachers,” a term that no longer exists in the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA). 

Optional Consolidated State Plans
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

309

We believe that the final State plan regulations in §§ 299.13 to 299.19 generally do not 

impose significant costs on States. As discussed in the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 section 

of this document, we estimate that, over a three-year period, States will need on average 1,109

additional hours to carry out the requirements in the State plan regulations. At $40 per hour, the 

average additional State cost associated with these requirements is accordingly an estimated

$44,358, resulting in a total cost across 52 States of $2,306,640. We expect that States will 

generally use the Federal education program funds they reserve for State administration to cover 

these costs, and that any costs not met with Federal funds will generally be minimal.

Moreover, the final regulations implement statutory provisions expressly intended to

reduce burden on States by simplifying the process for applying for Federal education program 

funds. Section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, allows States to submit a 

consolidated State plan in lieu of multiple State plans for individual covered programs. The 

Department anticipates, based on previous experience, that all States will take advantage of the 

option in § 299.13 to submit a consolidated State plan, and we believe that the content areas and 

requirements for those plans in §§ 299.14 to 299.19 are appropriately limited to those needed to 

ensure that States and their LEAs provide all children significant opportunity to receive a fair, 

equitable, and high-quality education and close achievement gaps, consistent with the purpose of 

title I of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. As discussed in detail elsewhere in this notice, in 

these final regulations we have revised certain provisions from proposed §§ 299.14 to 299.19 to 

ensure a limited burden on States submitting a consolidated State plan, including by eliminating 

certain proposed requirements and reducing the amount of information that a State must provide 

under other requirements. 

Section 8302(a)(1) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, permits the Department to 

designate programs for inclusion in consolidated State plans in addition to those covered by the 

statute. In § 299.13, the Department has added to the covered programs the Grants for State 

Assessments and Related Activities in section 1201 of title I, part B of the ESEA, as amended by 

the ESSA, and the Education for Homeless Children and Youths program in subpart B of title 

VII of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. Inclusion of these programs in a 

consolidated State plan will further reduce the burden on States in applying for Federal education 

program funds.

In general, the Department believes that the costs of the final State plan regulations 

(which are discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs) are clearly outweighed by their 

benefits, which include, in addition to reduced burden on States: increased flexibility in State 

planning, improved stakeholder engagement in plan development and implementation, better 

coordination in the use of Federal education program funds and elimination of funding “silos,” 

and a sustained focus on activities critical to providing all students with equitable access to a 

high-quality education.

Section 299.13 establishes the procedures and timelines for State plan submission and 

revision, including requirements for timely and meaningful consultation with stakeholders that 

are based on requirements in titles I, II, and III of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. The 

Department does not believe that the consultation requirements impose significant costs on 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

310

States. We expect that, as part of carrying out their general education responsibilities, States will 

have already developed procedures for notifying the public and for conducting outreach to, and 

soliciting input from, stakeholders, as the regulations require. In the Department’s estimation, 

States will not incur significant costs in implementing those procedures for the State plans. 

Sections 299.14 to 299.19 establish requirements for the content of consolidated State 

plans (i.e., the “necessary materials” discussed in section 8302(b)(3) of the ESEA, as amended 

by the ESSA). Section 299.14 establishes five content areas of consolidated State plans, 

including: consultation and performance management (the requirements for which are specified 

in § 299.15); challenging academic assessments (§ 299.16); accountability, support, and 

improvement for schools (§ 299.17); supporting excellent educators (§ 299.18); and supporting 

all students (§ 299.19). We believe that, in general, the requirements for these content areas 

minimize burden on States insofar as they consolidate duplicative requirements and eliminate 

unnecessary requirements from State plans for individual covered programs. 

Section 299.15 requires States to describe how they engaged in timely and meaningful 

consultation with specified stakeholder groups in consolidated State plan development. We 

estimate that the costs of complying with the requirements in this section are minimal.

Section 299.16 requires States to describe how they are complying with requirements 

related to assessments in languages other than English, consistent with section 1111(b)(2)(F) of 

the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. In addition, for a State that exempts an eighth-grade 

student from taking the mathematics assessment the State typically administers in eighth grade 

because the student takes an end-of-course mathematics assessment that is used by the State to 

meet high school assessment requirements, § 299.16 requires the State to describe how the State 

is complying with the requirements of section 1111(b)(2)(c) of the ESEA, as amended by the 

ESSA, and applicable regulations. The Department believes that the costs to States of complying 

with these requirements are likewise minimal.

The Department believes that the requirements in §§ 299.17 and 299.18 similarly do not 

involve significant new costs for most States. Section 299.17 establishes consolidated State plan 

requirements for describing the State’s long-term goals, statewide accountability system, school 

identifications, and support for low-performing schools, consistent with the requirements in 

section 1111(c) and (d) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Section 299.18 requires a State 

to describe, consistent with requirements in sections 1111(g), 2101, and 2102 of the ESEA, as 

amended by the ESSA: educator development, retention, and advancement practices in the State, 

if the State intends to use Federal education program funds to support such practices; how the 

State will use Federal education program funds for State-level activities to improve educator 

quality and effectiveness; and whether low-income and minority students in title I-participating 

schools are taught at higher rates by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers compared 

to their peers, including the likely causes of any differences in rates and strategies to eliminate 

those differences. The Department anticipates that, in complying with §§ 299.17 and 299.18, 

States will rely to a significant degree on existing State ESEA flexibility requests and Educator 

Equity Plans. Accordingly, the final regulations should generally not result in significant new 

costs for States.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

311

Finally, § 299.19 requires States to describe how they will use Federal education program 

funds to provide all students equitable access to a well-rounded and supportive education, and 

includes program-specific requirements necessary to ensure that such access is provided to 

particularly vulnerable student groups, including migratory students, neglected and delinquent 

children and youths, English learners, and homeless children and youths. We believe that the 

requirements in this section would accomplish this purpose with minimal burden on, and cost to, 

States, consistent with section 8302(b)(3) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA.

The major benefit of these regulations, taken in their totality, is a more flexible, less 

complex, and costly accountability framework for the implementation of the ESEA that respects 

State and local decision-making while continuing to ensure that States and LEAs use ESEA 

funds to ensure that all students have significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and 

high-quality education, and to close educational achievement gaps.

Accounting Statement

As required by OMB Circular A-4 (available at 

www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/omb/circulars/a004/a-4.pdf), in the following 

table we have prepared an accounting statement showing the classification of the expenditures 

associated with the provisions of these final regulations. This table provides our best estimate of 

the changes in annual monetized costs and benefits as a result of the final regulations. The 

transfers reflect appropriations for the affected programs. We note that the regulatory baselines 

differ within the table; the cost estimates are increments over and above what would be spent 

under the ESEA if it had not been amended by the ESSA, whereas the transfers (appropriations) 

are totals, rather than increments relative to the ESEA. We further note that, although we refer to 

appropriations amounts as transfers, where they pay for new activities they would appropriately

be categorized as costs.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

312

Accounting Statement Classification of Estimated Expenditures 

Category Benefits

More flexible and less complex and 

costly accountability framework with 

uniform procedures

Not Quantified

More transparency and actionable data 

and information with uniform definitions, 

all of which provide a more 

comprehensive picture of performance 

and other key measures

Not Quantified

Less burden on States through simplified 

process for applying and planning for 

Federal education program funds

Not Quantified

Category Costs

(over 4-year authorization)

Uniform procedure for setting long-term 

goals and measurements of interim 

progress for English learners 

$166,400

Review and approval of LEA 

comprehensive support and improvement 

plans

$4,800,000

State Report Cards $478,400

LEA Report Cards $65,334,500

Consolidated State Plans $2,306,640

Category

Transfers

(over 4-year authorization; based on FY 2016 

appropriations)

Title I, part A: Improving Basic 

Programs Operated by State and Local 

Educational Agencies

$59,639,208,000
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

313

Category Benefits

Title I, part B: Grants for State 

Assessments $1,512,000,000

Title I, part C: Education of Migratory 

Children $1,499,004,000

Title I, part D: Prevention and 

Intervention Programs for Children and 

Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, 

or At-Risk

$190,456,000

Title II, part A: Supporting Effective 

Instruction $9,399,320,000

Title III, part A: Language Instruction 

for English Learners and Immigrant 

Students

$2,949,600,000

Title IV, part A: Student Support and 

Academic Enrichment Grants

$6,450,000,000 

(no FY 2016 funding; reflects authorization of 

appropriations)

Title IV, part B: 21st Century 

Community Learning Centers $4,666,692,000

Title V, part B, subpart 2: Rural and 

Low-Income School Program $351,680,000
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

314

Category Benefits

Education for Homeless Children and 

Youths program under subtitle B of title 

VII of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 

Assistance Act

$280,000,000

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) (2 U.S.C. 1531), an agency must 

assess the effects of its regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal governments. The 

Department has set forth that assessment in the Regulatory Impact Analysis section of this 

document. Section 1532 of the UMRA also requires that an agency provide a written statement 

regarding any regulation that would involve a Federal mandate. These final regulations do not 

involve a Federal mandate as defined in section 658 of UMRA because the duties imposed upon 

State, local, or tribal governments in these regulations are a condition of those governments’ 

receipt of Federal formula grant funds under the ESEA.

Regulatory Flexibility Act Certification

The Secretary certifies that these final requirements would not have a significant 

economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Under the U.S. Small Business 

Administration’s Size Standards, small entities include small governmental jurisdictions such as 

cities, towns, or school districts (LEAs) with a population of less than 50,000. Although the 

majority of LEAs that receive ESEA funds qualify as small entities under this definition, the 

requirements established in this document would not have a significant economic impact on 

these small LEAs because the costs of implementing these requirements would be covered by 

funding received by these small LEAs under ESEA formula grant programs, including programs 

that provide funds largely for such small LEAs (e.g., the Rural and Low-Income School program 

authorized under subpart 2 of part B of title V). The Department believes the benefits provided 

under this final regulatory action outweigh the burdens on these small LEAs of complying with 

the final requirements. However, one commenter disagreed that that the final regulations would 

not have significant economic impact on small entities. This commenter specifically cited the 

requirement for assessment rate improvement plans in §200.15(c)(1) for schools that do not meet 

the 95 percent participation rate requirement, claiming that such plans may be costly to develop 

and implement while acknowledging that Federal program funds are available to pay such costs. 

In addition to the fact that Federal funds may be used to pay any costs associated with 

assessment rate improvement plans, we note that such costs typically would be commensurate 

with the size and enrollment of an LEA, and thus reasonably would be expected to be lower for 

small entities. Further, the costs and other burdens associated with assessment rate improvement 

plans are likely to be significantly lower than the costs of Federal or State compliance remedies

that otherwise could be required for small LEAs that do not meet the 95 percent participation rate 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

315

requirements in section 1111(c)(4)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. Consequently, 

the final requirements, including § 200.15, would help ensure that State plans for using ESEA 

formula grant funds, as well as State-provided technical assistance and other support intended to 

promote the effective and coordinated use of Federal, State, and local resources in ensuring that 

all students meet challenging State standards and graduate high school college- and career-ready, 

reflect the unique needs and circumstances of small LEAs and ensure the provision of 

educational resources that otherwise may not be available to small and often geographically 

isolated LEAs.

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

Sections 200.21, 200.22, 200.24, 200.30, 200.31, 200.32, 200.33, 200.34, 200.35, 200.36, 

200.37, 299.13, 299.14, 299.15, 299.16, 299.17, 299.18, and 299.19 of the final regulations 

contain information collection requirements that will impact the burden and costs associated with 

two currently approved information collections, 1810-0581 and 1810-0576. Under the

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA) the Department submitted a copy of these sections to 

OMB for its review. 

These changes were described in the NPRM and subject to comments at that time. One 

commenter acknowledged that the proposed regulations affected the information collections, and 

agreed that the proposed regulations would reduce some existing burden. A second commenter 

indicated that the burden estimates were too low, but did not provide specific suggestions for 

improving the estimates. We continue to believe these burden hour estimates to be accurate, and 

in the absence of specific feedback, decline to make changes. Another commenter specifically 

noted that the estimated reporting burden of 230 hours for State report cards was too low. We 

agree with this commenter that the burden on States for preparing report cards is higher than 230 

hours. When describing the burden hours in the NPRM, we described these hours in relation to 

the current approved burden under the relevant information collections, and we estimated an 

increase of 230 burden hours, in addition to the already approved burden hours. For clarity, we 

describe the total estimated burden below. 

Collection of Information from SEAs--Report Cards; Collection of Information from LEAs--

Report Cards and Public Reporting

Section 1111(h) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, requires States and LEAs to 

prepare and disseminate annual report cards; these report cards provide essential information to 

school communities regarding activities under title I of the ESEA. Sections 200.30-200.37 of the 

final regulations further require States and LEAs to include specific elements on the report cards. 

These information collection requirements will impact the burden and costs associated with 

information collection 1810-0581, State Educational Agency, Local Educational Agency, and 

School Data Collection and Reporting Under ESEA, Title I, Part A, under which the Department 

is approved to require States and LEAs to collect and disseminate information. The estimated 

burden for this collection remains unchanged from the NPRM. 

Under §§ 200.30 through 200.37, States are required to annually prepare and disseminate 

a State report card, including specific elements. Among other things, each State must describe 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

316

its accountability system in the report card, create and publish a report card overview, and ensure 

that the report cards are accessible. To ensure that States can report on all required elements, 

States will be required to adjust their data systems, and some States may need to submit a plan 

requesting an extension of the deadline to include certain date elements. 

On an annual basis, we continue to estimate that each State will devote 370 hours to 

preparing and disseminating the State report card, and making it accessible; across all States, this 

will result in an annual burden of 19,240 hours. We anticipate that each State will devote 80 

hours to creating and preparing a State report card overview, one time. During the three-year

information collection period, this will result in an annual burden of 26.67 hours for each State; 

across all States, this will result in an annual burden of 1,387 hours. We expect that 15 States 

may need to request an extension to report certain required data elements on behalf of the State 

or its LEAs, and that such request will take 50 hours to prepare. Over the three-year information 

collection period, this will result in an annual burden of 16.66 hours for each affected State, 

resulting in an annual burden of 250 hours across all States. Each State must annually include a 

description of its accountability system in the report card; we anticipate that this will result in an 

annual burden of 10 hours for each State, resulting in an annual burden of 520 hours across all 

States. Finally, we anticipate that each State will have to make a one-time adjustment to its data 

collection system, to report on required data elements under §§ 200.32 through 200.37. We 

expect that this adjustment will require 120 hours for each State; over the three-year information 

collection period, this will result in an annual burden of 40 hours, and a total burden for all States 

of 2080 hours. 

Annual Collection of Information from SEAs: Report Cards

Citation Description Respond

ents

Average 

hours per 

Respondent

Total 

Hours

Total Cost 

(Total 

Hours x 

$40)

Section 

1111(h)(1); § 

200.24(e); § 

200.30

Prepare and disseminate 

the State report card, and 

make it accessible. This 

includes posting the 

report card on the Web

site alongside the annual 

report to the Secretary 

required in § 

200.30(d)(ii)(B). Except 

as described below, this 

includes all requirements 

under section 1111(h) of 

the ESEA and all preexisting requirements.

52 370 19240 $769,600

§ 200.30(b)(2) Create and publish a State 

report card overview.

52 26.67 1386.67 $55,467
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

317

Citation Description Respond

ents

Average 

hours per 

Respondent

Total 

Hours

Total Cost 

(Total 

Hours x 

$40)

§§ 

200.30(e)(3);

200.31(e)(3)

Request an extension. 15 16.67 250 $10,000

§§ 200.32(a);

200.32(b)

Describe the 

accountability system in 

the report card.

52 10.00 520 $20,800

§§ 200.32(c); 

200.33; 200.34; 

200.35; 200.36; 

200.37

Describe the 

accountability system 

results in the report card, 

and adjust the data system 

to report on all of the 

elements required under 

these sections of the 

regulations.

52 40.00 2080 $83,200

Total: 23476.67 $939,067

Similarly, we have not adjusted the estimated burden arising from the development and 

release of the LEA report card, or the estimated burden for LEAs with schools identified for 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement to notify parents of the identification, or 

make publicly available plans for improvement. We continue to estimate that each LEA, on 

average, will devote 30 hours across the three-year information collection period, or 10 hours 

annually, to notifying parents that schools have been identified, and to make publically available 

the resulting plans. In total, for 16,970 LEAs, this results in an annual burden of 169,700 hours. 

We expect that each LEA will devote 16 hours to preparing and disseminating the LEA report 

card each year, for a total burden of 271,520 hours across all LEAs. We anticipate that each 

LEA will devote 80 hours to creating and preparing an LEA report card overview, one time. 

During the three-year information collection period, this will result in an annual burden of 26.67 

hours for each LEA; across all LEAs, this will result in an annual burden of 452,533 hours. 

Finally, all LEAs will be required to revise their report cards to report on new elements required 

under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, as well as the regulations in §§ 200.30 through 

200.37. However, we expect that these adjustments will be addressed through modifications to 

the State data collection systems, and therefore do not expect these changes to impose additional 

burden hours on LEAs. 

Annual Collection of Information from LEAs: Report Cards and Public Reporting

Citation Description Respondents Average 

Hours per 

Respondent

Total Hours Total Cost 

(Total Hours 

x $35)
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

318

Citation Description Respondents Average 

Hours per 

Respondent

Total Hours Total Cost 

(Total Hours 

x $35)

§§ 200.21(b); 

200.21(d)(6); 

200.22(b);200.

22(d)(2)

LEAs with 

schools 

identified for 

comprehensive 

or targeted 

support and 

improvement 

must make 

publicly 

available the 

resulting plans 

and any 

amendments to 

these plans, and 

notify parents of 

the 

identification.

16,970 10 169,700 $5,939,500 

Section 

1111(h)(2); § 

200.31

Prepare and 

disseminate the 

LEA report 

card, and make 

it accessible. 

Except as 

described 

below, this 

includes all 

requirements 

under section 

1111(h) of the 

ESEA and all 

pre-existing 

requirements.

16,970 16 271,520 $9,503,200 

§ 200.31(b)(2) Create and 

publish the LEA 

report card 

overview.

16,970 26.67 452,533 $15,838,667 

§§ 200.32; 

200.33; 

200.34; 

200.35; 

200.36; 200.37

Describe the 

accountability 

system and 

results on the 

LEA report 

16,970 0 0 $0 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

319

Citation Description Respondents Average 

Hours per 

Respondent

Total Hours Total Cost 

(Total Hours 

x $35)

card.

Total: 893,753.33 $31,281,367

Consolidated State Application

Under information collection 1810-0576, Consolidated State Application, the Department 

is currently approved to collect information from States. As proposed in the NPRM, we will 

replace the previously authorized consolidated State application with the consolidated State plan, 

authorized under section 8302 of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA. The consolidated State 

plan seeks to encourage greater cross-program coordination, planning, and service delivery; 

enhance program integration; and provide greater flexibility, and reduce burden, for States. We 

will use the information from the consolidated State plan as the basis for approving funding 

under the covered programs.

Section 299.13 permits a State to submit a consolidated State plan, instead of individual 

program applications. States may choose not to submit consolidated State plans; however, for 

purposes of estimating the burden, we assume all States will choose to submit consolidated State 

plans. Each consolidated State plan must meet the requirements described in §§ 299.14 to 

299.19. In the NPRM, we estimated the total annual burden for the collection of information 

through the submission of consolidated State plans to be 23,200 hours. Based upon revisions to 

the requirements of the consolidated State plan, and efforts to reduce burden on States, we now 

revise the estimates as detailed below.

Each State submitting a consolidated State plan will be required to describe consultation 

with stakeholders; provide assurances; report on performance management and technical 

assistance; describe how the State is complying with requirements relating to assessments in 

languages other than English; report on accountability, support, and improvement for schools; 

report on supporting excellent educators; and report on equitable access and support for schools. 

In total, over the three-year information collection period, we anticipate that each State will 

devote 993 hours to the preparation and submission of these plans, resulting in a total annual 

burden of 17,212 hours.

Additionally, we estimate that each State, on average, will amend its request once during 

the three-year information collection period, and will devote 60 hours to preparing this 

amendment. This amendment process will result in a total annual burden of 1,040 hours, across 

all States. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

320

We further expect that 16 States will submit plans to apply for extensions for the required 

educator equity student-level data calculation, and that each State submitting a plan and 

extension request will devote 60 hours to this process. Over the three-year information 

collection period, we expect that this will result in an annual burden of 20 hours for 16 States, or 

320 total burden hours.

Finally, certain States will be required to describe their strategies for middle school math 

equity. We estimate that 26 States will be required to address these strategies, and will devote 75 

hours to describing these strategies in the State plan. Over the three-year information collection 

period, we expect that this will result in an annual burden of 25 hours for 25 States, or 650 total 

burden hours. 

Annual Collection of Information from SEAs: Consolidated State Plan

Citation Description Respondents Hours per 

Respondent 

Total 

Hours

Total Cost 

(Total 

Hours x 

$40)

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.13(d)(2); 

299.13(e); 

299.13(h); 

299.13(k) 

Submit 

consolidated State 

plan or individual 

program State 

plans; submit 

optional revisions 

to State plans.

52 10 520 $20,800

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.13(b); 

299.14(b); 

299.15(a)

Report on 

meaningful 

consultation with 

stakeholders, 

including public 

comment.

52 40 2080 $83,200

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.13(c); 

299.13(d)(1); 

299.14(c) 

Provide assurances. 52 1 52 $2,080 

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.13(g)

Submit 

amendments and 

significant 

changes, as well as 

revisions, as 

appropriate.

52 20 1040 $41,600 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

321

Citation Description Respondents Hours per 

Respondent 

Total 

Hours

Total Cost 

(Total 

Hours x 

$40)

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.13(d)(3)

Submit a plan to 

apply for an 

extension for the 

educator equity 

student-level data 

calculation.

16 20 320 $12,800 

§ 299.13(f) Publish approved 

consolidated State 

plan or individual 

program State 

plans on State 

website

52 5 260 $10,400 

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.13(d)(2); 

299.15(b)

Report on 

performance 

management and 

technical 

assistance.

52 50 2600 $104,000

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.16(a)

Describe strategies 

for middle school 

math equity.

26 25 650 $26,000

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.16(b)

Describe how the 

State is complying 

with the 

requirements 

related to 

assessments in 

languages other 

than English. 

52 25 1300 $52,000

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.14(b(3); 

299.17

Report on 

accountability 

support and 

improvement for 

schools.

52 150 7800 $312,000
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

322

Citation Description Respondents Hours per 

Respondent 

Total 

Hours

Total Cost 

(Total 

Hours x 

$40)

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.14(b)(4); 

299.18 

Report on 

supporting 

excellent 

educators.

52 25 1300 $52,000

§§ 299.13(a); 

299.14(b)(5); 

299.19

Report on equitable 

access and support 

for students.

52 25 1300 $52,000

Total: 19222 $768,880

The PRA does not require you to respond to a collection of information unless it displays 

a valid OMB control number. We display the valid OMB control number assigned to the 

collections of information in these final regulations at the end of the affected section of the 

regulations.

Intergovernmental Review

This program is not subject to Executive Order 12372 and the regulations in 34 CFR part

79.

Assessment of Educational Impact

In the NPRM we requested comments on whether the proposed regulations would require

transmission of information that any other agency or authority of the United States gathers or

makes available.

Based on the response to the NPRM and on our review, we have determined that these

final regulations do not require transmission of information that any other agency or authority of

the United States gathers or makes available.

Accessible Format: Individuals with disabilities can obtain this document in an accessible

format (e.g., braille, large print, or electronic format) on request to the person listed under FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

Electronic Access to This Document: The official version of this document is the document

published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal

Register and the Code of Federal Regulations is available via the Federal Digital System at: 

www.gpo.gov/fdsys. At this site you can view this document, as well as all other documents of
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

323

this Department published in the Federal Register, in text or Portable Document Format (PDF). 

To use PDF you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is available free at the site.

You may also access documents of the Department published in the Federal Register by

using the article search feature at: www.federalregister.gov. Specifically, through the advanced

search feature at this site, you can limit your search to documents published by the Department. 

(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Number does not apply.)

List of Subjects

34 CFR Part 200

Elementary and secondary education, Grant programs-education, Indians-education, 

Infants and children, Juvenile delinquency, Migrant labor, Private schools, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements

34 CFR Part 299

Administrative practice and procedure, Elementary and secondary education, Grant 

programs-education, Private schools, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements

Dated: November 17, 2016

___________________

John B. King, Jr.,

Secretary of Education.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

324

For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Secretary of Education amends parts 200 

and 299 of title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 200--TITLE I--IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE 

DISADVANTAGED

1. The authority citation for part 200 is revised to read as follows:

a. AUTHORITY: 20 U.S.C. 6301 through 6376, unless otherwise noted.

§ 200.7 [Removed and Reserved]

2. Remove and reserve § 200.7.

3. Section 200.12 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.12 Single statewide accountability system.

(a)(1) Each State must describe in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act that the State has 

developed and will implement a single, statewide accountability system that meets all 

requirements under paragraph (b) of this section in order to improve student academic 

achievement and school success among all public elementary and secondary schools, including 

public charter schools. 

(2) A State that submits an individual program State plan for subpart A of this part under 

§ 299.13(j) must meet all application requirements in § 299.17.

(b) The State’s accountability system must--

(1) Be based on the challenging State academic standards under section 1111(b)(1) of 

the Act and academic assessments under section 1111(b)(2) of the Act;

(2) Be informed by the State’s ambitious long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress under § 200.13;

(3) Include all indicators under § 200.14;

(4) Take into account the achievement of all public elementary and secondary school 

students, consistent with §§ 200.15 through 200.17 and 200.20;

(5) Be the same accountability system the State uses to annually meaningfully 

differentiate all public schools, including public charter schools, in the State under 

§ 200.18, and to identify schools for comprehensive and targeted support and 

improvement under § 200.19; and

(6) Include the process the State will use to ensure effective development and 

implementation of school support and improvement plans, including evidencebased interventions, to hold all public schools, including public charter schools,

accountable for student academic achievement and school success consistent with 

§§ 200.21 through 200.24.

(c)(1) The accountability provisions under this section must be overseen for public 

charter schools in accordance with State charter school law.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

325

(2) In meeting the requirements of this section, if an authorized public chartering 

agency, consistent with State charter school law, acts to decline to renew or to 

revoke a charter for a particular charter school, the decision of the agency to do so 

supersedes any notification from the State that such a school must implement a 

comprehensive support and improvement plan or targeted support and 

improvement plan under §§ 200.21 or 200.22, respectively.

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(c); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

4. Remove the undesignated center heading “Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)” following § 

200.12.

5. Section 200.13 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.13 Long-term goals and measurements of interim progress.

In designing its statewide accountability system under § 200.12, each State must establish 

long-term goals and measurements of interim progress that use the same multi-year timeline to 

achieve those goals for all students and for each subgroup of students, except that goals for 

Progress in Achieving English language proficiency must only be established for the English 

learner subgroup. The long-term goals and measurements of interim progress must include, at a 

minimum, each of the following:

(a) Academic achievement. (1) Each State must, in its State plan under section 1111 

of the Act--

(i) Identify its ambitious State-designed long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress for improved academic achievement, as measured by the 

percentage of students attaining grade-level proficiency on the annual assessments 

required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act, for all students and 

separately for each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2); and

(ii) Describe how it established those goals and measurements of interim progress.

(2) In establishing the long-term goals and measurements of interim progress under 

paragraph (a)(1) of this section, a State must--

(i) Apply the same academic achievement standards consistent with section 

1111(b)(1) of the Act to all public school students in the State, except as provided 

for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities, whose performance

under subpart A of this part may be assessed against alternate academic 

achievement standards defined by the State consistent with section 1111(b)(1)(E) 

of the Act;

(ii) Measure achievement separately for reading/language arts and for mathematics; 

and

(iii)Take into account the improvement necessary for each subgroup of students 

described in § 200.16(a)(2) to make significant progress in closing statewide 

proficiency gaps, such that the State’s measurements of interim progress require 

greater rates of improvement for subgroups of students that are lower-achieving.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

326

(b) Graduation rates. (1) Each State must, in its State plan under section 1111 of the 

Act--

(i) Identify its ambitious State-designed long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress for improved graduation rates for all students and separately for 

each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2); and

(ii) Describe how it established those goals and measurements of interim progress.

(2) A State’s long-term goals and measurements of interim progress under paragraph 

(b)(1) of this section must be based on--

(i) The four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate consistent with § 200.34(a); and

(ii) If a State chooses to use an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate as part 

of its Graduation Rate indicator under § 200.14(b)(3), the extended-year adjusted 

cohort graduation rate consistent with § 200.34(d), except that a State must set 

more rigorous long-term goals and measurements of interim progress for each 

such graduation rate, as compared to the long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress for the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate.

(3) In establishing the long-term goals and measurements of interim progress under 

paragraph (b)(1) of this section, a State must take into account the improvement necessary for 

each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2) to make significant progress in closing 

statewide graduation rate gaps, such that a State’s measurements of interim progress require 

greater rates of improvement for subgroups that graduate high school at lower rates.

(c) English language proficiency. (1) Each State must, in its State plan under section 

1111 of the Act--

(i) Identify its ambitious State-designed long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress for increases in the percentage of all English learners in the State

making annual progress toward attaining English language proficiency, as 

measured by the English language proficiency assessment required in section 

1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act; and

(ii) Describe how it established those goals and measurements of interim progress.

(2) Each State must describe in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act a uniform 

procedure, applied to all English learners in the State in a consistent manner, to establish 

research-based student-level targets on which the goals and measurements of interim progress 

under paragraph (c)(1) of this section are based. The State-developed uniform procedure must--

(i) Take into consideration, at the time of a student’s identification as an English 

learner, the student’s English language proficiency level, and may take into 

consideration, at a State’s discretion, one or more of the following student 

characteristics:

(A)Time in language instruction educational programs.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

327

(B) Grade level.

(C) Age.

(D)Native language proficiency level.

(E) Limited or interrupted formal education, if any;

(ii) Based on the selected student characteristics under paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this 

section, determine the applicable timeline, up to a State-determined maximum 

number of years, for English learners sharing particular characteristics under 

paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section to attain English language proficiency after a

student’s identification as an English learner; and

(iii) Establish student-level targets, based on the applicable timelines under 

paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section, that set the expectation for all English learners

to make annual progress toward attaining English language proficiency within the 

applicable timelines for such students. 

(3) The description under paragraph (c)(2) of this section must include a rationale for 

how the State determined the overall maximum number of years for English learners to attain 

English language proficiency in its uniform procedure for setting research-based student-level 

targets, and the applicable timelines over which English learners sharing particular 

characteristics under paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section would be expected to attain English 

language proficiency within such State-determined maximum number of years.

(4) An English learner who does not attain English language proficiency within the 

timeline under paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section must not be exited from English learner 

services or status prior to attaining English language proficiency.

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(c); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

6. Section 200.14 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.14 Accountability indicators. 

(a) In its statewide accountability system under § 200.12, each State must, at a minimum, 

include four distinct indicators for each school that--

(1) Except for the indicator under paragraph (b)(4) of this section, measure 

performance for all students and separately for each subgroup of students described in § 

200.16(a)(2); and

(2) Use the same measures within each indicator for all schools in the State, except as 

provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.

(b) A State must annually measure the following indicators consistent with paragraph (a) 

of this section:
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

328

(1) For all schools, based on the long-term goals established under § 200.13(a), an 

Academic Achievement indicator, which--

(i) Must include the following:

(A) A measure of student performance on the annual reading/language arts and 

mathematics assessments required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the 

Act at the proficient level on the State’s grade-level academic achievement 

standards consistent with section 1111(b)(1) of the Act, except that students 

with the most significant cognitive disabilities may be assessed in those 

subjects against alternate academic achievement standards defined by the 

State consistent with section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the Act; and

(B) The performance of at least 95 percent of all students and 95 percent of all 

students in each subgroup consistent with § 200.15(b)(1); and

(ii) May include the following:

(A) In addition to a measure of student performance under paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) 

of this section, measures of student performance on such assessments above or 

below the proficient level on such achievement standards so long as--

(1) A school receives less credit for the performance of a student who is 

not yet proficient than for the performance of a student who has 

reached or exceeded proficiency; and 

(2) The credit the school receives from the performance of a student 

exceeding the proficient level does not fully compensate for the 

performance of a student who is not yet proficient in the school; and

(B) For high schools, student growth based on the reading/language arts and 

mathematics assessments required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the 

Act.

(2) For elementary and secondary schools that are not high schools, an Academic 

Progress indicator, which must include either--

(i) A measure of student growth based on the annual assessments required under 

section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act; or

(ii) Another academic measure that meets the requirements of paragraph (c) of this 

section.

(3) For high schools, based on the long-term goals established under § 200.13(b), a 

Graduation Rate indicator, which--

(i) Must measure the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate consistent with § 

200.34(a); and
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

329

(ii) May measure, at the State’s discretion, the extended-year adjusted cohort 

graduation rate consistent with § 200.34(d).

(4) For all schools, a Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, 

based on English learner performance on the annual English language proficiency assessment 

required under section 1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act in at least each of grades 3 through 8 and in 

grades for which English learners are otherwise assessed under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I)(bb) 

of the Act, that--

(i) Uses objective and valid measures of student progress on the assessment, 

comparing results from the current school year to results from the previous school 

year, such as student growth percentiles;

(ii) Is aligned with the applicable timelines, within the State-determined maximum 

number of years, under § 200.13(c)(2) for each English learner to attain English 

language proficiency after the student’s identification as an English learner; and

(iii)May also include a measure of proficiency (e.g., an increase in the percentage of 

English learners scoring proficient on the English language proficiency 

assessment required under section 1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act compared to the prior 

year).

(5) One or more indicators of School Quality or Student Success that meets the 

requirements of paragraph (c) of this section, which may vary by each grade span and may 

include one or more of the following:

(i) Student access to and completion of advanced coursework.

(ii) Postsecondary readiness.

(iii) School climate and safety.

(iv) Student engagement.

(v) Educator engagement. 

(vi) Any other indicator the State chooses that meets the requirements of paragraph 

(c) of this section.

(c) A State must demonstrate in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act that each 

measure it selects to include within any indicator under this section--

(1) Is valid, reliable, and comparable across all LEAs in the State;

(2) Is calculated in the same way for all schools across the State, except that measures 

within the indicator of Academic Progress and within any indicator of School Quality or Student

Success may vary by each grade span; and

(3) For all indicators except the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency 

indicator, is able to be disaggregated for each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2). 

(d) A State must demonstrate in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act that each 

measure it selects to include within the indicators of Academic Progress and School Quality or 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

330

Student Success is supported by research that high performance or improvement on such 

measure is likely to increase student learning (e.g., grade point average, credit accumulation, 

performance in advanced coursework), or, for a measure within indicators at the high school 

level, graduation rates, postsecondary enrollment, postsecondary persistence or completion, or 

career readiness. 

(e) A State must demonstrate in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act that each 

measure it selects to include within the indicators of Academic Progress and School Quality or 

Student Success aids in the meaningful differentiation of schools under § 200.18 by 

demonstrating varied results across schools in the State. 

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(c); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

7. Section 200.15 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.15 Participation in assessments and annual measurement of achievement. 

(a)(1) To meet the requirements for academic assessments under section 1111(b)(2) of 

the Act, each State must administer the academic assessments required under section

1111(b)(2)(B)(v) of the Act to all public elementary school and secondary school students in the 

State and provide for the participation of all such students in those assessments. 

(2) For purposes of the statewide accountability system under section 1111(c) of the Act, 

each State must annually measure the achievement of at least 95 percent of all students, and 95 

percent of all students in each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2), who are enrolled 

in each public school on the assessments required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act.

(3) Each State must measure participation rates under paragraph (a)(2) of this section 

separately in reading/language arts and mathematics.

(b) For purposes of annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18 and identification 

of schools under § 200.19, a State must--

(1) Annually calculate any measure in the Academic Achievement indicator under § 

200.14(b)(1) so that the denominator of such measure, for all students and for all students in each 

subgroup, includes the greater of--

(i) 95 percent of all such students in the grades assessed who are enrolled in the 

school; or

(ii) The number of all such students enrolled in the school who participated in the 

assessments required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act; and

(2) Factor the requirement for 95 percent student participation in assessments under 

paragraph (a)(2) of this section into its system of annual meaningful differentiation so that 

missing such requirement, for all students or for any subgroup of students in a school, results in 

at least one of the following actions: 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

331

(i) A lower summative determination in the State’s system of annual meaningful 

differentiation under § 200.18(a)(4). 

(ii) The lowest performance level on the Academic Achievement indicator in the 

State’s system of annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18(a)(2).

(iii)Identification for, and implementation of, a targeted support and improvement 

plan consistent with the requirements under § 200.22.

(iv)Another State-determined action or set of actions described in its State plan under 

section 1111 of the Act that is sufficiently rigorous to improve the school’s 

participation rate so that the school meets the requirements under paragraph (a) of 

this section.

(c) To support the State in meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section--

(1) A school that fails to assess at least 95 percent of all students or 95 percent of each 

subgroup of students in any year must develop and implement an improvement plan that--

(i) Is developed in partnership with stakeholders (including principals and other 

school leaders; teachers; and parents and, as appropriate, students);

(ii) Includes one or more strategies to address the reason or reasons for low 

participation rates in the school and improve participation rates in subsequent 

years;

(iii)Is reviewed and approved by the LEA prior to implementation; and

(iv)Is monitored, upon submission and implementation, by the LEA; and

(2) An LEA with a significant number or percentage of schools that fail to assess at least 

95 percent of all students or 95 percent of each subgroup of students in any year must develop 

and implement an improvement plan that includes additional actions to support effective 

implementation of the school-level plans developed under paragraph (c)(1) of this section and 

that is reviewed and approved by the State. 

(3) If a State chooses to identify a school for, and require implementation of, a targeted 

support and improvement plan under paragraph (b)(2)(iii) of this section, the requirement for 

such a school to develop and implement a targeted support and improvement plan consistent with 

§ 200.22 fulfills the requirements of this paragraph.

(d)(1) A State must provide a clear and understandable explanation of how it has met the 

requirements of paragraph (b) of this section in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act and 

in its description of the State’s system for annual meaningful differentiation of schools on its 

State report card pursuant to section 1111(h)(1)(C)(i)(IV) of the Act.

(2) A State, LEA, or school may not systematically exclude students, including any 

subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a), from participating in the assessments required 

under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v) of the Act.

(3) To count a student who is assessed based on alternate academic achievement 

standards described in section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the Act as a participant for purposes of meeting 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

332

the requirements of this section, the State must have guidelines that meet the requirements 

described in section 1111(b)(2)(D)(ii) of the Act and must ensure that its LEAs adhere to such 

guidelines.

(4) Consistent with § 200.16(c)(3)(i)(A), a State may count a recently arrived English 

learner as defined in section 1111(b)(3)(A) of the Act as a participant in the State assessment in 

reading/language arts for purposes of meeting the requirements in paragraph (a) of this section if 

he or she takes either the State’s English language proficiency assessment under section 

1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act or reading/language arts assessment under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) 

of the Act.

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(b)-(c); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

8. Section 200.16 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.16 Subgroups of students. 

(a) In general. In establishing long-term goals and measurements of interim progress 

under § 200.13, measuring performance on each indicator under § 200.14, annually meaningfully 

differentiating schools under § 200.18, and identifying schools under § 200.19, each State must 

include the following categories of students consistent with the State’s minimum number of 

students under § 200.17(a)(1):

(1) All public school students.

(2) Each of the following subgroups of students, separately:

(i) Economically disadvantaged students.

(ii) Students from each major racial and ethnic group.

(iii)Children with disabilities, as defined in section 8101(4) of the Act.

(iv)English learners, as defined in section 8101(20) of the Act.

(b) Children with disabilities. With respect to a student previously identified as a child 

with a disability who has exited special education services as determined by the student’s 

individualized education program (IEP) team, a State may include such a student’s performance 

within the children with disabilities subgroup under paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section for not 

more than two years after the student ceases to be identified as a child with a disability (i.e., the 

two school years following the year in which the student exits special education services) for 

purposes of calculating any indicator under § 200.14(b) that uses data from State assessments 

under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act, provided that the State develops a uniform 

statewide procedure for doing so that includes all such students and includes them--

(1) For the same State-determined period of time; and

(2) For purposes of determining if a school meets the State’s minimum number of 

students under § 200.17(a)(1) for the children with disabilities subgroup when

calculating performance on any such indicator.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

333

(c) English learners. (1) With respect to a student previously identified as an English 

learner who has achieved English language proficiency consistent with the standardized, 

statewide exit procedures in section 3113(b)(2) of the Act, a State may include such a student’s 

performance within the English learner subgroup under paragraph (a)(2)(iv) of this section for 

not more than four years after the student ceases to be identified as an English learner (i.e., the 

four years following the year in which the student meets the statewide exit criteria, consistent 

with § 299.19(b)(4)) for purposes of calculating any indicator under § 200.14(b) that uses data 

from State assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act, if the State develops a 

uniform statewide procedure for doing so that includes all such students and includes them--

(i) For the same State-determined period of time; and

(ii) For purpose of determining if a school meets the State’s minimum number of 

students under § 200.17(a)(1) for the English learner subgroup when calculating 

performance on any such indicator.

(2) With respect to an English learner with a disability that precludes assessment of the 

student in one or more domains of the English language proficiency assessment required under 

section 1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act such that there are no appropriate accommodations for the 

affected domain(s) (e.g., a non-verbal English learner who because of an identified disability 

cannot take the speaking portion of the assessment), as determined, on an individualized basis,

by the student’s IEP team, 504 team, or individual or team designated by the LEA to make these 

decisions under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act, a State must, in measuring 

performance against the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator, include 

such a student’s performance on the English language proficiency assessment based on the 

remaining domains in which it is possible to assess the student.

(3) With respect to a recently arrived English learner as defined in section 1111(b)(3)(A) 

of the Act, a State must include such an English learner’s results on the assessments under 

section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act upon enrollment in a school in one of the 50 States or the 

District of Columbia (hereafter “a school in the United States”) in calculating long-term goals 

and measurements of interim progress under § 200.13(a), annually meaningfully differentiating 

schools under § 200.18, and identifying schools under § 200.19, except that the State may either-

-

(i)(A) Exempt such an English learner from the first administration of the 

reading/language arts assessment;

(B) Exclude such an English learner’s results on the assessments under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) and 1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act in calculating the Academic 

Achievement and Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency 

indicators in the first year of such an English learner’s enrollment in a school 

in the United States; and 

(C) Include such an English learner’s results on the assessments under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) and 1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act in calculating the Academic 

Achievement and Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

334

indicators in the second year of such an English learner’s enrollment in a 

school in the United States and every year of enrollment thereafter; or

(ii)(A) Assess, and report the performance of, such an English learner on the 

assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act in each year of such an 

English learner’s enrollment in a school in the United States;

(B) Exclude such an English learner’s results on the assessments under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act in calculating the Academic Achievement 

indicator in the first year of such an English learner’s enrollment in a school in 

the United States;

(C) Include a measure of such an English learner’s growth on the assessments 

under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act in calculating either the 

Academic Progress indicator or the Academic Achievement indicator in the 

second year of such an English learner’s enrollment in a school in the United 

States; and

(D) Include a measure of such an English learner’s proficiency on the 

assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act in calculating the 

Academic Achievement indicator in the third year of such an English learner’s 

enrollment in a school in the United States and every year of enrollment 

thereafter.

(4) A State may choose one of the exceptions described in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) or (ii) of 

this section for recently arrived English learners and must--

(i)(A) Apply the same exception to all recently arrived English learners in the State; 

or 

(B) Develop and consistently implement a uniform statewide procedure for all 

recently arrived English learners that considers students’ English language 

proficiency level at the time of the their identification as English learners and 

that may, at a State’s discretion, consider one or more of the student 

characteristics under § 200.13(c)(2)(i)(B) through (E) in order to determine 

whether such an exception applies to an English learner; and 

(ii) Report on State and LEA report cards under section 1111(h) of the Act the

number and percentage of recently arrived English learners who are exempted 

from taking such assessments or whose results on such assessments are excluded 

from any indicator under § 200.14 on the basis of each exception described in 

paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section.

(d) Limitations. A State may not include former children with disabilities or former 

English learners within the applicable subgroups under paragraph (a)(2) of this section for--
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

335

(1) Any purpose in the accountability system, except as described in paragraphs (b) 

and (c)(1) of this section with respect to an indicator that uses data from State 

assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act and as described in § 

200.34(e) with respect to calculating the four-year adjusted cohort graduation 

rate; or

(2) Purposes of reporting information on State and LEA report cards under section 

1111(h) of the Act, except for providing information on the performance of the 

school, including a school’s level of performance under § 200.18(b)(3), on any

indicator that uses data from State assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) 

of the Act and for calculating the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate 

consistent with § 200.34(e). 

(e) State plan. Each State must describe in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act 

how it has met the requirements of this section, including by describing any subgroups of 

students used in the accountability system in addition to those in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, 

its uniform procedure for including former children with disabilities under paragraph (b) of this 

section and former English learners under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, and its uniform 

procedure for including recently arrived English learners under paragraph (c)(4) of this section, if 

applicable. 

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(b)-(c), (h); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

9. Section 200.17 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.17 Disaggregation of data.

(a) Statistically sound and reliable information. (1) Based on sound statistical 

methodology, each State must determine the minimum number of students sufficient to--

(i) Yield statistically reliable information for each purpose for which 

disaggregated data are used, including purposes of reporting information 

under section 1111(h) of the Act or purposes of the statewide accountability 

system under section 1111(c) of the Act; and

(ii) Ensure that, to the maximum extent practicable, each subgroup of students 

described in § 200.16(a)(2) is included at the school level for annual 

meaningful differentiation and identification of schools under §§ 200.18 and 

200.19.

(2) Such number--

(i) Must be the same number for all students and for each subgroup of students in 

the State described in § 200.16(a)(2);

(ii) Must be the same number for all purposes of the statewide accountability 

system under section 1111(c) of the Act, including measuring school 

performance for each indicator under § 200.14; 

(iii)Must not exceed 30 students, unless the State provides a justification for doing 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

336

so in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act consistent with paragraph 

(a)(3)(v) of this section; and 

(iv)May be a lower number for purposes of reporting under section 1111(h) under 

the Act than for purposes of the statewide accountability system under section 

1111(c) of the Act so long as such number for reporting meets the 

requirements of paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section.

(3) A State must include in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act--

(i) A description of how the State's minimum number of students meets the 

requirements of paragraphs (a)(1)-(2) of this section;

(ii) An explanation of how other components of the statewide accountability 

system, such as the State’s uniform procedure for averaging data under §

200.20(a), interact with the State’s minimum number of students to affect the 

statistical reliability and soundness of accountability data and to ensure the 

maximum inclusion of all students and each subgroup of students described in 

§ 200.16(a)(2); 

(iii)A description of the strategies the State uses to protect the privacy of 

individual students for each purpose for which disaggregated data is required, 

including reporting under section 1111(h) of the Act and the statewide 

accountability system under section 1111(c) of the Act, as required in 

paragraph (b) of this section; 

(iv)Information regarding the number and percentage of all students and students 

in each subgroup described in § 200.16(a)(2) for whose results schools would 

not be held accountable in the system of annual meaningful differentiation 

under § 200.18; and

(v) For a State proposing a minimum number of students exceeding 30, a 

justification that explains how a minimum number of students exceeding 30 

promotes sound, reliable accountability determinations, including data on the 

number and percentage of schools in the State that would not be held 

accountable in the system of annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18 

for the results of students in each subgroup described in § 200.16(a)(2) under 

the minimum number proposed by the State compared to the data on the 

number and percentage of schools in the State that would not be held 

accountable for the results of students in each subgroup if the minimum 

number of students were 30.

(b) Personally identifiable information. (1) A State may not use disaggregated data for 

one or more subgroups described in § 200.16(a) to report required information under section 

1111(h) of the Act if the results would reveal personally identifiable information about an 

individual student, teacher, principal, or other school leader.

(2) To determine whether the collection and dissemination of disaggregated information 

would reveal personally identifiable information about an individual student, teacher, principal, 

or other school leader, a State must apply the requirements under section 444 of the General 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

337

Education Provisions Act (the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974).

(3) Nothing in paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section may be construed to abrogate the 

responsibility of a State to implement the requirements of section 1111(c) of the Act to annually 

meaningfully differentiate among all public schools in the State on the basis of the performance 

of all students and each subgroup of students described in section 1111(c)(2) of the Act on all 

indicators under section 1111(c)(4)(B) of the Act.

(4) Each State and LEA must implement appropriate strategies to protect the privacy of 

individual students in reporting information under section 1111(h) of the Act and in establishing 

annual meaningful differentiation of schools in its statewide accountability system under section 

1111(c) of the Act on the basis of disaggregated subgroup information.

(c) Inclusion of subgroups in assessments. If a subgroup described in § 200.16(a) is not 

of sufficient size to produce statistically sound and reliable results, a State must still include

students in that subgroup in its State assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(i) of the Act.

(d) Disaggregation at the LEA and State. If the number of students in a subgroup is not 

statistically sound and reliable at the school level, a State must include those students in 

disaggregated information at each level for which the number of students is statistically sound 

and reliable (e.g., the LEA or State level).

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(c), (h); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

10. Section 200.18 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.18 Annual meaningful differentiation of school performance: performance levels, data 

dashboards, summative determinations, and indicator weighting.

(a) Each State must establish a system for annual meaningful differentiation for all 

public schools, including public charter schools, that--

(1) Includes the performance of all students and each subgroup of students in a school, 

consistent with §§ 200.16, 200.17, and 200.20(b), on each of the indicators described 

in § 200.14; 

(2) Includes, for each indicator, at least three distinct and discrete levels of school 

performance that are consistent with attainment of the long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress under § 200.13, if applicable, and that are clear 

and understandable to the public;

(3) Provides information on a school’s level of performance (e.g., through a data

dashboard) on each indicator described in § 200.14, separately, as part of the 

description of the State’s system for annual meaningful differentiation of schools on 

LEA report cards under § 200.32; 

(4) Results in a single summative determination from among at least three distinct 

categories for each school, which must meaningfully differentiate between schools

based on differing levels of performance on the indicators and which may include 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

338

the two categories of schools described in § 200.19(a) and (b), to describe a school’s 

overall performance in a clear and understandable manner as part of the description 

of the State’s system for annual meaningful differentiation on LEA report cards 

under §§ 200.31 and 200.32;

(5) Meets the requirements of § 200.15 to annually measure the achievement of at least 

95 percent of all students and 95 percent of all students in each subgroup of students 

on the assessments described in section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act; and

(6) Informs the State’s methodology described in § 200.19 for identifying schools for 

comprehensive support and improvement and for targeted support and improvement, 

including differentiation of schools with consistently underperforming subgroups of 

students consistent with paragraph (c) of this section and § 200.19(c).

(b) In providing annual meaningful differentiation among all public schools in the State, 

including providing a single summative determination for each school under paragraph (a)(4) of 

this section, a State must--

(1) Afford substantial weight to each of the following indicators, as applicable, under § 

200.14:

(i) Academic Achievement indicator. 

(ii) Academic Progress indicator.

(iii)Graduation Rate indicator.

(iv)Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator; 

(2) Afford, in the aggregate, much greater weight to the indicators in paragraph (b)(1) of 

this section than to the indicator or indicators of School Quality or Student Success 

under § 200.14(b)(5), in the aggregate; and

(3) Within each grade span, afford the same relative weight to each indicator among all 

schools consistent with paragraph (d)(3) of this section.

(c) To show that its system of annual meaningful differentiation meets the requirements 

of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, a State must--

(1) In identifying schools for comprehensive support and improvement under § 

200.19(a), demonstrate that performance on the indicator or indicators of School 

Quality or Student Success may not be used to change the identity of schools that 

would otherwise be identified for comprehensive support and improvement without 

such indicators, unless such a school has made significant progress in the prior year 

as determined by the State, for all students consistent with § 200.16(a)(1), on at least 

one of the indicators described in paragraph (b)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section; 

(2) In identifying schools for targeted support and improvement under § 200.19(b), 

demonstrate that performance on the indicator or indicators of School Quality or 

Student Success may not be used to change the identity of schools that would 

otherwise be identified for targeted support and improvement without such indicators, 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

339

unless such a school has made significant progress in the prior year as determined by 

the State, for each consistently underperforming or low-performing subgroup of 

students, on at least one of the indicators described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section; 

and

(3) Demonstrate that a school with a consistently underperforming subgroup of students 

under § 200.19(c) receives a lower summative determination under paragraph (a)(4) 

of this section than it would have otherwise received if it did not have any 

consistently underperforming subgroups of students; and

(d)(1) A State must demonstrate in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act how it 

has met the requirements of this section, including a description of--

(i) How a State calculates the performance levels on each indicator and a summative 

determination for each school under paragraph (a) of this section;

(ii) How the State’s methodology under this section and § 200.19, including the 

weighting of indicators under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, will ensure 

that schools with low performance on the indicators described in paragraph (b)(1) 

of this section are more likely to be identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement or targeted support and improvement; and

(iii)Any different methodology, if a State chooses to develop such methodology, that 

the State uses to include all public schools in its system of annual meaningful 

differentiation consistent with paragraph (a) of this section, such as--

(A)Schools in which no grade level is assessed under the State's academic 

assessment system (e.g., P-2 schools), although the State is not required to 

administer a standardized assessment to meet this requirement;

(B) Schools with variant grade configurations (e.g., P-12 schools); 

(C) Small schools in which the total number of students who can be included 

in any indicator under § 200.14 is less than the minimum number of 

students established by the State under § 200.17(a)(1), consistent with a 

State’s uniform procedures for averaging data under § 200.20(a), if 

applicable; 

(D)Schools that are designed to serve special populations (e.g., students 

receiving alternative programming in alternative educational settings; 

students living in local institutions for neglected or delinquent children, 

including juvenile justice facilities; students enrolled in State public 

schools for the deaf or blind; and recently arrived English learners

enrolled in public schools for newcomer students); and

(E) Newly opened schools that do not have multiple years of data, consistent 

with a State’s uniform procedure for averaging data under § 200.20(a), if 

applicable, for at least one indicator (e.g., a newly opened high school that 

has not yet graduated its first cohort for students).

(2) In meeting the requirement in paragraph (b)(1) of this section to afford substantial 

weight to certain indicators, a State is not required to afford each such indicator the
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

340

same substantial weight.

(3) If a school does not meet the State’s minimum number of students under § 

200.17(a)(1) for the English learner subgroup, a State must--

(i) Exclude the Progress in Achieving English Language Proficiency indicator from 

the annual meaningful differentiation for such a school under paragraph (a) of this 

section; and

(ii) Afford the Academic Achievement, Academic Progress, Graduation Rate, and 

School Quality or Student Success indicators the same relative weights in such a

school as are afforded to such indicators in a school that meets the State’s 

minimum number of students for the English learner subgroup.

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(c), (h); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. § 3474)

11. Section 200.19 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.19 Identification of schools.

(a) Schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement. Based on its system 

for annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18, each State must establish and describe in 

its State plan under section 1111 of the Act a methodology, including a timeline consistent with 

paragraph (d) of this section, to identify one statewide category of schools for comprehensive 

support and improvement under § 200.21, which must include the following three types of 

schools:

(1) Lowest-performing. Not less than the lowest-performing five percent of all 

schools in the State participating under subpart A of this part, consistent with the 

requirements of § 200.18(a)(4).

(2) Low high school graduation rate. Any public high school in the State with a fouryear adjusted cohort graduation rate, as calculated under § 200.34(a), at or below 

67 percent, or below a higher percentage selected by the State.

(3) Chronically low-performing subgroup. Any school participating under subpart A 

of this part and identified pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section that has not 

improved, as defined by the State, after implementing a targeted support and 

improvement plan over a State-determined number of years consistent with 

paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section. 

(b) Schools identified for targeted support and improvement. Based on its system for 

annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18, each State must establish and describe in its 

State plan under section 1111 of the Act a methodology to identify schools for targeted support 

and improvement under § 200.22, which must include the following two types of schools: 

(1) Consistently underperforming subgroup. Any school that is not identified under 

paragraph (a) of this section with one or more consistently underperforming 

subgroups of students, as defined in paragraph (c) of this section and consistent 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

341

with §§ 200.16 and 200.17.

(2) Low-performing subgroup. Any school that is not identified under paragraph (a) 

of this section in which one or more subgroups of students is performing, using 

the State’s methodology for identifying the lowest-performing schools under 

paragraph (a)(1) of this section, at or below the performance of all students in any 

school identified under paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Schools identified under 

this paragraph must receive additional targeted support in accordance with section 

1111(d)(2)(C) of the Act.

(c) Methodology to identify consistently underperforming subgroups. The description 

required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section must demonstrate that the State’s methodology to 

identify schools with one or more consistently underperforming subgroups of students under 

paragraph (b)(1) of this section--

(1) Considers each school’s performance among each subgroup of students in the 

school consistent with §§ 200.16 and 200.17, over no more than two years, unless 

the State demonstrates that a longer timeframe will better support low-performing 

subgroups of students to make significant progress in achieving the State’s longterm goals and measurements of interim progress in order to close statewide 

proficiency and graduation rate gaps, consistent with section 1111(c)(4)(A)(i)(III) 

of the Act and § 200.13; 

(2) Is based on all indicators under § 200.14 used for annual meaningful 

differentiation under § 200.18 consistent with the requirements for weighting of 

indicators described in § 200.18(b); and

(3) Defines a consistently underperforming subgroup of students in a uniform manner 

across all LEAs in the State, which must include--

(i) A subgroup of students that is not meeting at least one of the State’s 

measurements of interim progress or is not on track to meet at least one of 

the State-designed long-term goals under § 200.13 or is performing below 

a State-determined threshold on an indicator for which the State is not 

required to establish long-term goals under § 200.13; or

(ii) Another State-determined definition.

(d) Timeline. (1) A State must identify--

(i) Each type of school for comprehensive support and improvement under 

paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section at least once every three 

years, beginning with identification for the 2018-2019 school year, except 

that identification of schools with chronically low-performing subgroups 

under paragraph (a)(3) of this section is not required for the 2018-2019 

school year;

(ii) Schools with one or more consistently underperforming subgroups of 

students for targeted support and improvement under paragraph (b) of this 

section annually, beginning with identification for the 2019-2020 school 

year; and
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

342

(iii)Schools with one or more low-performing subgroups of students for 

targeted support and improvement under paragraph (b)(2) of this section—

(A)Beginning with identification for the 2018-2019 school year; 

(B) At least once every three years; and

(C) With such identification occurring in each year, consistent with 

paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section, in which the State identifies 

schools for comprehensive support and improvement.

(2) Each year for which a State must identify schools for comprehensive or targeted 

support and improvement, it must--

(i) Make such identification as soon as possible, but no later than the 

beginning of each school year; and

(ii) For purposes of identifying schools under this section, use data from the

preceding school year (e.g., data from the 2017-2018 school year inform 

identification for the 2018-2019 school year), and, at the State’s 

discretion, data from earlier school years, consistent with § 200.20(a),

except that a State is not required to use adjusted cohort graduation rate 

data from the preceding school year if the State uses data from the school 

year immediately prior to the preceding school year (e.g., data from the 

2016-2017 school year inform identification for the 2018-2019 school 

year).

Category: Comprehensive Support and Improvement

Types of 

Schools

Description Statutory 

Provision

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

LowestPerforming Lowest-performing five 

percent of schools in 

the State participating 

in Title I.

Section 

1111(c)(4)(D)

(i)(I)

§ 200.19(a)(1) At least once 

every three 

years

2018-2019

Low High 

School 

Graduation 

Rate

Any public high school 

in the State with a fouryear adjusted cohort 

graduation rate at or 

below 67 percent, or 

below a higher 

percentage selected by 

the State, over no more 

than three years.

Section 

1111(c)(4)(D)

(i)(II)

§ 200.19(a)(2) At least once 

every three 

years

2018-2019

Chronically 

LowPerforming 

Subgroup 

Any school 

participating in Title I 

that (a) was identified 

for targeted support and 

improvement because it 

had a subgroup of 

Section 

1111(c)(4)(D)

(i)(III), 

1111(d)(3)(A)

(i)(II)

§ 200.19(a)(3) At least once 

every three 

years

Statedetermined
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

343

Types of 

Schools

Description Statutory 

Provision

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

students performing at 

or below the 

performance of all 

students in the lowestperforming schools and 

(b) did not improve 

after implementing a 

targeted support and 

improvement plan over 

a State-determined 

number of years.

Category: Targeted Support and Improvement

Types of 

Schools

Description Statutory 

Provision

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

Consistentl

y 

Underperfo

rming 

Subgroup

Any school with one or 

more consistently 

underperforming 

subgroups.

Section 

1111(c)(4)(C)

(iii), 

1111(d)(2)(A)

(i)

§ 

200.19(b)(1), 

(c)

Annually 2019-2020

LowPerforming 

Subgroup

Any school in which 

one or more subgroups 

of students is 

performing at or below 

the performance of all 

students in the lowestperforming schools. 

These schools must 

receive additional 

targeted support under 

the law.

If this type of school is 

a Title I school that 

does not improve after 

implementing a 

targeted support and 

improvement plan over 

a State-determined 

number of years, it 

becomes a school that 

has a chronically lowperforming subgroup 

Section 

1111(d)(2)(D)

§ 

200.19(b)(2)

At least once 

every three 

years

2018-2019
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

344

Types of 

Schools

Description Statutory 

Provision

Regulatory 

Provision

Timeline for 

Identification

Initial year 

of 

identification

and is identified for 

comprehensive support 

and improvement.

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(c) and (d); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

12. Section § 200.20 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.20 Data procedures for annual meaningful differentiation and identification of schools.

(a) Averaging data. For the purposes of calculating the indicators under § 200.14 that 

are used for annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18, meeting the requirement under §

200.15(b)(2), and identifying high schools with low graduation rates under § 200.19(a)(2), a 

State may establish a uniform procedure for averaging school-level data that includes one or both 

of the following:

(1) Combining data across school years. (i) A State may combine data across up to 

three school years.

(i) If a State combines data across school years for these purposes, the State must—

(A)Use the same uniform procedure for combining data from the school year 

for which the identification is made with data from one or two school 

years immediately preceding that school year for all public schools, 

including by summing the total number of students in each subgroup of 

students described in § 200.16(a)(2) across all school years when 

calculating a school’s performance on each indicator under § 200.14 and 

determining whether the subgroup meets the State’s minimum number of 

students described in §200.17(a)(1);

(B) Report data for a single school year, without combining, on report cards 

under section 1111(h) of the Act; and

(C) Explain its uniform procedure for combining data in its State plan under 

section 1111 of the Act and specify that such procedure is used in its 

description of the indicators used for annual meaningful differentiation on 

the State report card pursuant to section 1111(h)(1)(C)(i)(III) of the Act.

(2) Combining data across grades. (i) A State may combine data across grades in a 

school.

(ii) If a State combines data across grades for these purposes, the State must—

(A)Use the same uniform procedure for combining data for all public schools; 

(B) Report data for each grade in the school on report cards under section 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

345

1111(h) of the Act; and

(C) Explain its uniform procedure for combining data in its State plan under 

section 1111 of the Act, and specify that such procedure is used in its 

description of the indicators used for annual meaningful differentiation in 

its accountability system on the State report card pursuant to section 

1111(h)(1)(C)(i)(III) of the Act.

(b) Partial enrollment. (1) In calculating school performance on each of the indicators 

for the purposes of annual meaningful differentiation under § 200.18 and identification of 

schools under § 200.19, a State must include all students who were enrolled in the same school 

within an LEA for at least half of the academic year.

(2) A State may not use the performance of a student who has been enrolled in the same 

school within an LEA for less than half of the academic year in its system of annual meaningful 

differentiation and identification of schools, except that--

(i) An LEA must include such student in calculating the Graduation Rate indicator 

under § 200.14(b)(3), if applicable; 

(ii) If such student exited a high school without receiving a regular high school 

diploma and without transferring to another high school that grants a regular high 

school diploma during such school year, the LEA must assign such student, for 

purposes of calculating the Graduation Rate indicator and consistent with the 

approach established by the State under § 200.34, to either—

(A)The high school in which such student was enrolled for the greatest 

proportion of school days while enrolled in grades 9 through 12; or

(B) The high school in which the student was most recently enrolled; and

(iii) All students, regardless of their length of enrollment in a school within an LEA 

during the academic year, must be included for purposes of reporting on the State 

and LEA report cards under section 1111(h) of the Act for such school year.

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(c); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474) 

13. Section 200.21 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.21 Comprehensive support and improvement.

(a) In general. A State must notify each LEA in the State that serves one or more schools 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement under § 200.19(a) of such identification 

as soon as possible, but no later than the beginning of the school year for which such school is 

identified. 

(b) Notice. Upon receiving the notification from the State under paragraph (a) of this 

section, an LEA must promptly notify the parents of each student enrolled in the school of the 

school’s identification for comprehensive support and improvement, including, at a minimum, 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

346

the reason or reasons for the identification under § 200.19(a) (e.g., low performance of all 

students, low graduation rate, chronically low-performing subgroup), and an explanation of how 

parents can become involved in the needs assessment under paragraph (c) of this section and in 

developing and implementing the comprehensive support and improvement plan described in 

paragraph (d) of this section. Such notice must--

(1) Be in an understandable and uniform format;

(2) Be, to the extent practicable, written in a language that parents can understand or, 

if it is not practicable to provide written translations to a parent with limited 

English proficiency, be orally translated for such parent; and

(3) Be, upon request by a parent who is an individual with a disability as defined by 

the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. 12102, provided in an alternative 

format accessible to that parent.

(c) Needs assessment. For each identified school, an LEA must conduct, in partnership 

with stakeholders (including principals and other school leaders, teachers, and parents), a 

comprehensive needs assessment that examines, at a minimum--

(1) Academic achievement data on each of the assessments required under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v) of the Act for all students in the school, including for each 

subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2); 

(2) The school’s performance, including among subgroups of students described in § 

200.16(a)(2), on the long-term goals and measurements of interim progress and 

indicators described in §§ 200.13 and 200.14; 

(3) The reason or reasons the school was identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement under § 200.19(a);

(4) The school’s unmet needs, including those with respect to—

(i) Students (e.g., wrap-around support);

(ii) School leadership and instructional staff (e.g., professional development, 

working conditions, time for planning, career ladder, and leadership 

opportunities); 

(iii)Quality of the instructional program; 

(iv)Family and community involvement;

(v) School climate; and 

(vi)Distribution of resources (e.g., based on the State periodic review of 

resources under § 200.23(a)); and

(5) At the LEA’s discretion, the school’s performance on additional, locally selected 

measures that are not included in the State’s system of annual meaningful 

differentiation under § 200.18 and that affect student outcomes in the identified 

school.

(d) Comprehensive support and improvement plan. Each LEA must, with respect to each 

school identified by the State for comprehensive support and improvement, develop and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

347

implement a comprehensive support and improvement plan for the school to improve student 

outcomes that--

(1) Is developed in partnership with stakeholders (including principals and other 

school leaders; teachers; parents and, as appropriate, students; and, for LEAs 

affected by section 8538 of the Act, Indian tribes), as demonstrated, at a 

minimum, by describing in the plan how—

(i) Early stakeholder input was solicited and taken into account in the 

development of the plan, including any changes made as a result of such 

input; and

(ii) Stakeholders will participate in an ongoing manner in the plan’s 

implementation;

(2) Includes and is based on the results of the needs assessment described in 

paragraph (c) of this section;

(3) Includes one or more interventions (e.g., increasing access to effective teachers or 

adopting incentives to recruit and retain effective teachers; increasing or 

redesigning instructional time; interventions based on data from early warning 

indicator systems; reorganizing the school to implement a new instructional 

model; strategies designed to increase diversity by attracting and retaining 

students from varying socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic backgrounds; replacing 

school leadership with leaders who are trained for or have a record of success in 

low-performing schools; increasing access to high-quality preschool (in the case 

of an elementary school); converting the school to a public charter school;

changing school governance; closing the school; and, in the case of a public 

charter school, working in coordination with the applicable authorized public 

chartering agency, revoking or non-renewing the school’s charter by its authorized 

public chartering agency consistent with State charter school law and the terms of 

such a school’s charter) to improve student outcomes in the school that—

(i) Meet the definition of “evidence-based” under section 8101(21) of the 

Act; 

(ii) Are supported, to the extent practicable, by evidence from a sample 

population or setting that overlaps with the population or setting of the 

school to be served;

(iii)Are supported, to the extent practicable, by the strongest level of evidence 

that is available and appropriate to meet the needs identified in the needs 

assessment under paragraph (c) of this section;

(iv)May be selected from a non-exhaustive list of evidence-based 

interventions if such a list is established by the State, and must be selected 

from an exhaustive list of evidence-based interventions if such a list is 

established by the State, consistent with § 200.23(c)(2);

(v) May be an evidence-based intervention determined by the State, consistent

with State law, as described in section 1111(d)(1)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act and 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

348

§ 200.23(c)(3); and

(vi)May include differentiated improvement activities that utilize 

interventions that meet the definition of “evidence-based” under section 

8101(21) of the Act in any high school identified under § 200.19(a)(2) that 

predominantly serves students—

(A)Returning to education after having exited secondary school 

without a regular high school diploma; or

(B) Who, based on their grade or age, are significantly off track to 

accumulate sufficient academic credits to meet high school 

graduation requirements, as established by the State;

(4) Identifies and addresses resource inequities, by--

(i) Including a review of LEA- and school-level resources among schools 

and, as applicable, within schools with respect to--

(A)Differences in rates at which low-income and minority students are 

taught by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers 

identified by the State and LEA consistent with sections 

1111(g)(1)(B) and 1112(b)(2) of the Act;

(B) Access to advanced coursework, including accelerated coursework 

as reported annually consistent with section 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) of 

the Act;

(C) Access in elementary schools to full-day kindergarten programs 

and to preschool programs as reported annually consistent with 

section 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) of the Act;

(D)Access to specialized instructional support personnel, as defined in 

section 8101(47) of the Act, including school counselors, school 

social workers, school psychologists, other qualified professional 

personnel, and school librarians; and

(E) Per-pupil expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds required 

to be reported annually consistent with section 1111(h)(1)(C)(x) of 

the Act; and

(ii) Including, at the LEA’s discretion, a review of LEA- and school-level 

budgeting and resource allocation with respect to resources described in 

paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section and the availability and access to any 

other resource provided by the LEA or school, such as instructional 

materials and technology; 

(5) Must be fully implemented in the school year for which such school is identified, 

except that an LEA may have a planning year during which the LEA must carry 

out the needs assessment required under paragraph (c) of this section and develop 

the comprehensive support and improvement plan to prepare for successful 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

349

implementation of interventions required under the plan during the planning year 

or, at the latest, the first full day of the school year following the school year for 

which the school was identified; 

(6) Must be made publicly available by the LEA, including to parents consistent with 

the requirements under paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section; and

(7) Must be approved by the school identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement, the LEA, and the State.

(e) Plan approval and monitoring. The State must, upon receipt from an LEA of a 

comprehensive support and improvement plan under paragraph (d) of this section--

(1) Review such plan against the requirements of this section and approve the plan in 

a timely manner, as determined by the State, taking all actions necessary to ensure 

that the school and LEA are able to meet all of the requirements of paragraphs (a)

through (d) of this section to develop and implement the plan within the required 

timeframe; and

(2) Monitor and periodically review each LEA’s implementation of such plan.

(f) Exit criteria. (1) To ensure continued progress to improve student academic 

achievement and school success, the State must establish, make publicly available, and describe 

in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act, uniform statewide exit criteria for each school 

implementing a comprehensive support and improvement plan under this section. Such exit 

criteria must, at a minimum, require that the school--

(i) Improve student outcomes; and 

(ii) No longer meet the criteria under which the school was identified under § 

200.19(a) within a State-determined number of years (not to exceed four 

years).

(2) If a school does not meet the exit criteria established under paragraph (f)(1) of 

this section within the State-determined number of years, the State must, at a 

minimum, require the LEA to conduct a new comprehensive needs assessment 

that meets the requirements under paragraph (c) of this section.

(3) Based on the results of the new needs assessment, the LEA must, with respect to 

each school that does not meet the exit criteria, amend its comprehensive support 

and improvement plan described in paragraph (d) of this section, in partnership 

with stakeholders consistent with the requirements in paragraph (d)(1) of this 

section, to--

(i) Address the reasons the school did not meet the exit criteria, including 

whether the school implemented the interventions with fidelity and 

sufficient intensity, and the results of the new needs assessment;

(ii) Update how it will continue to address previously identified resource 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

350

inequities and to identify and address any newly identified resource 

inequities consistent with the requirements in paragraph (d)(4) of this 

section; and

(iii)Include implementation of additional interventions in the school that may 

address school-level operations (which may include staffing, budgeting, 

and changes to the school day and year) and that must--

(A)Be determined by the State, which may include requiring an 

intervention from among any State-established evidence-based 

interventions or a State-approved list of evidence-based 

interventions, consistent with State law and § 200.23(c)(2) and (3);

(B) Be more rigorous, including one or more evidence-based 

interventions in the plan that are supported by strong or moderate 

evidence, consistent with section 8101(21)(A) of the Act; 

(C) Be supported, to the extent practicable, by evidence from a sample 

population or setting that overlaps with the population or setting of 

the school to be served; and

(D)Must be described in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act.

(4) Each LEA must--

(i) Make the amended comprehensive support and improvement plan described 

in paragraph (f)(3) of this section publicly available, including to parents 

consistent with paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section; and

(ii) Submit the amended plan to the State in a timely manner, as determined by the 

State.

(5) After the LEA submits the amended plan to the State, the State must--

(i) Review and approve the amended plan, and any additional amendments to the 

plan, consistent with the review process required under paragraph (e)(1) of 

this section; and 

(ii) Increase its monitoring, support, and periodic review of each LEA’s

implementation of such plan.

(g) State discretion for small high schools. With respect to any high school in the State 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement under § 200.19(a)(2), the State may, in 

the case of such a school that has a total enrollment of less than 100 students, permit the LEA to 

forego development or implementation of a school support and improvement plan or any 

implementation of improvement activities required under this section.

(h) Public school choice. Consistent with section 1111(d)(1)(D) of the Act, an LEA may 

provide all students enrolled in a school identified by the State for comprehensive support and 

improvement under § 200.19(a) with the option to transfer to another public school that is served 

by the LEA and that is not identified for comprehensive support and improvement under § 

200.19(a), unless such an option is prohibited by State law or inconsistent with a Federal 

desegregation order, in which case the LEA must petition and obtain court approval for such 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

351

transfers.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(d); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 42 

U.S.C. 12102)

14. Section 200.22 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.22 Targeted support and improvement.

(a) In general. With respect to each school that the State identifies under § 200.19(b)

or, as applicable, under § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), as a school requiring targeted support and 

improvement, each State must--

(1) Notify as soon as possible, but no later than the beginning of the school year for 

which such school is identified, each LEA serving such school of the identification; and

(2) Ensure such LEA provides notification to each school identified for targeted 

support and improvement, including the reason for identification (i.e., the subgroup or subgroups 

described in § 200.16(a)(2) that are identified as consistently underperforming under § 

200.19(b)(1), the subgroup or subgroups that are low-performing under § 200.19(b)(2) and will 

receive additional targeted support, and, at the State’s discretion, the subgroup or subgroups that 

are identified under § 200.15(b)(2)(iii)), no later than the beginning of the school year for which 

such school is identified. 

(b) Notice. (1) Upon receiving the notification from the State under paragraph (a)(1) of 

this section, the LEA must promptly notify the parents of each student enrolled in the school of 

the school’s identification for targeted support and improvement, consistent with the 

requirements under § 200.21(b)(1)-(3).

(2) The notice must include--

(i) The reason or reasons for the identification (i.e., which subgroup or subgroups 

are consistently underperforming under § 200.19(b)(1), which subgroup or 

subgroups are low-performing under § 200.19(b)(2) and will receive 

additional targeted support, and any subgroup or subgroups identified under § 

200.15(b)(2)(iii) if the State chooses to require such schools to implement 

targeted support and improvement plans); and

(ii) An explanation of how parents can become involved in developing and 

implementing the targeted support and improvement plan described in 

paragraph (c) of this section.

(c) Targeted support and improvement plan. Upon receiving the notification from the 

LEA under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, each school must develop and implement a schoollevel targeted support and improvement plan to address the reason or reasons for identification 

and improve student outcomes for the lowest-performing students in the school that--
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

352

(1) Is developed in partnership with stakeholders (including principals and other school 

leaders; teachers; and parents and, as appropriate, students) as demonstrated by, at a minimum, 

describing in the plan how--

(i) Early stakeholder input was solicited and taken into account in the 

development of each component of the plan, including any changes made as a 

result of such input; and 

(ii) Stakeholders will have an opportunity to participate in an ongoing manner in 

such plan’s implementation;

(2) Is designed to improve student performance for the lowest-performing students on 

each of the indicators under § 200.14 that led to the identification of the school for targeted 

support and improvement or, in the case of schools implementing targeted support and 

improvement plans consistent with § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), to improve student participation in the 

assessments required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act;

(3) Takes into consideration--

(i) The school’s performance on the long-term goals and measurements of 

interim progress and the indicators described in §§ 200.13 and 200.14, 

including student academic achievement on each of the assessments required 

under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v) of the Act; and

(ii) At the school’s discretion, the school’s performance on additional, locally 

selected measures that are not included in the State’s system of annual 

meaningful differentiation under § 200.18 and that affect student outcomes in 

the identified school;

(4) Includes one or more interventions to address the reason or reasons for identification 

and improve student outcomes for the lowest-performing students in the school that--

(i) Meet the definition of “evidence-based” under section 8101(21) of the Act;

(ii) Are supported, to the extent practicable, by evidence from a sample 

population or setting that overlaps with the population or setting of the school 

to be served; 

(iii)Are supported, to the extent practicable, by the strongest level of evidence that 

is available and appropriate to improve student outcomes for the lowestperforming students in the school; and

(iv)May be selected from a non-exhaustive list of evidence-based interventions if 

such a list is established by the State, and must be selected from an exhaustive 

list of evidence-based interventions if such a list is established by the State, 

consistent with § 200.23(c)(2);

(5) Must be fully implemented in the school year for which such school is identified,

except that a school identified under § 200.19(b) may have a planning year during which the 

school must develop the targeted support and improvement plan and complete other activities 

necessary to prepare for successful implementation of interventions required under the plan 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

353

during the planning year or, at the latest, the first full day of the school year following the school 

year for which the school was identified; 

(6) Is submitted to the LEA for approval, pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section; 

(7) In the case of a school with low-performing subgroups as described in § 

200.19(b)(2), and to ensure such school receives additional targeted support as required under 

section 1111(d)(2)(C) of the Act, identifies and addresses resource inequities by--

(i) Including a review of LEA- and school-level resources among schools and, as 

applicable, within schools with respect to--

(A)Differences in rates at which low-income and minority students are 

taught by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers identified 

by the State and LEA consistent with sections 1111(g)(1)(B) and 

1112(b)(2) of the Act; 

(B) Access to advanced coursework, including accelerated coursework as 

reported annually consistent with section 1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) of the 

Act;

(C) Access in elementary schools to full-day kindergarten programs and to 

preschool programs as reported annually consistent with section 

1111(h)(1)(C)(viii) of the Act; 

(D)Access to specialized instructional support personnel, as defined in 

section 8101(47) of the Act, including school counselors, school social 

workers, school psychologists, other qualified professional personnel, 

and school librarians; and

(E) Per-pupil expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds required to be 

reported annually consistent with section 1111(h)(1)(C)(x) of the Act;

and

(ii) Including, at the school’s discretion, a review of LEA- and school-level 

budgeting and resource allocation with respect to resources described in 

paragraph (c)(7)(i) of this section and the availability and access to any other 

resource provided by the LEA or school, such as instructional materials and 

technology; and

(8) For any school operating a schoolwide program under section 1114 of the Act, 

addresses the needs identified by the needs assessment required under section 1114(b)(6) of the 

Act.

(d) Plan approval and monitoring. The LEA must, upon receipt of a targeted support and 

improvement plan under paragraph (c) of this section from a school--

(1) Review each plan against the requirements of this section and approve such plan 

in a timely manner, taking all actions necessary to ensure that each school is able to meet all of 

the requirements under paragraph (c) of this section within the required timeframe; 

(2) Make the approved plan, and any amendments to the plan, publicly available, 

including to parents consistent with the requirements under § 200.21(b)(1) through (3); and
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

354

(3) Monitor the school’s implementation of the plan. 

(e) Exit criteria. Except with respect to schools described in paragraph (f) of this section, 

the LEA must establish and make publicly available, including to parents consistent with the 

requirements under § 200.21(b)(1) through (3), uniform exit criteria for schools identified by the 

State under § 200.19(b) and, as applicable, § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), and use such criteria to make one 

of the following determinations with respect to each such school after a number of years as 

determined by the LEA:

(1) The school has successfully implemented its targeted support and improvement 

plan such that it no longer meets the criteria for identification and has improved student 

outcomes for its lowest-performing students, including each subgroup of students that was 

identified as consistently underperforming under § 200.19(b)(1) or low-performing under § 

200.19(b)(2), or, in the case of a school implementing a targeted support and improvement plan 

consistent with § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), has met the requirement under § 200.15(a)(2) for student 

participation in the assessments required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act, and will 

exit targeted support and improvement status.

(2) The school has unsuccessfully implemented its targeted support and improvement 

plan such that it has not improved student outcomes for its lowest-performing students, including 

each subgroup of students that was identified as consistently underperforming under § 

200.19(b)(1) or low-performing under § 200.19(b)(2), or, in the case of a school implementing a 

targeted support and improvement plan consistent with § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), has failed to meet the 

requirement under § 200.15(a)(2) for student participation in the assessments required under 

section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act, in which case the LEA must subsequently--

(i) Require the school to amend its targeted support and improvement plan to

include additional actions that continue to meet all requirements under 

paragraph (c) of this section and address the reasons the school did not meet 

the exit criteria, and encourage interventions that either meet a higher level of 

evidence under paragraph (c)(4) of this section than the interventions included 

in the school’s original plan or increase the intensity of effective interventions 

in the school’s original plan;

(ii) Review and approve the school’s amended plan consistent with the review 

process required under paragraph (d)(1) of this section; and

(iii) Increase its monitoring and support of such school’s implementation of the 

plan.

(f) Special rule for schools with low-performing subgroups. (1) With respect to any 

school participating under subpart A of this part that has one or more low-performing subgroups 

as described in § 200.19(b)(2), the State must establish, make publicly available, and describe in 

its State plan under section 1111 of the Act, uniform statewide exit criteria that, at a minimum, 

ensure each such school--

(i) Improves student outcomes for its lowest-performing students, including each 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

355

subgroup of students identified as low-performing under § 200.19(b)(2); and 

(ii) No longer meets the criteria for identification under § 200.19(b)(2).

(2) If a school does not satisfy the exit criteria established under paragraph (f)(1) of 

this section within a State-determined timeline, the State must identify the school for 

comprehensive support and improvement under § 200.19(a)(3), consistent with § 200.19(d)(1)(i).

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(d); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

15. Add § 200.23 to read as follows:

§ 200.23 State responsibilities to support continued improvement.

(a) State support. Each State must include in its State plan under section 1111 of the Act 

a description of how it will, with respect to each LEA in the State serving a significant number or 

percentage of schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement under § 

200.19, periodically review resources, including the resources listed in § 200.21(d)(4)(i)(A)

through (E), available in such LEAs as compared to all other LEAs in the State and in schools in 

those LEAs as compared to all other schools in the State, consider any inequities identified under 

§§ 200.21(d)(4) and 200.22(c)(7), and, to the extent practicable, address any identified inequities 

in resources.

(b) State technical assistance. Each State must include in its State plan under section 

1111 of the Act a description of technical assistance it will provide to each LEA in the State 

serving a significant number or percentage of schools identified for comprehensive or targeted 

support and improvement, including, at a minimum, a description of how it will provide 

technical assistance to LEAs to ensure the effective implementation of evidence-based 

interventions and support and increase their capacity to successfully--

(1) Develop and implement comprehensive support and improvement plans that meet 

the requirements of § 200.21;

(2) Ensure schools develop and implement targeted support and improvement plans 

that meet the requirements of § 200.22; and

(3) Develop or use tools related to—

(i) Conducting a school-level needs assessment consistent with § 200.21(c);

(ii) Selecting evidence-based interventions consistent with §§ 200.21(d)(3) and 

200.22(c)(4); and

(iii)Reviewing resource allocation and identifying strategies for addressing any 

identified resource inequities consistent with §§ 200.21(d)(4) and 

200.22(c)(7).

(c) Additional improvement actions. Consistent with State law, the State may--
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

356

(1) Take action to initiate additional improvement in any LEA, or in any authorized 

public chartering agency consistent with State charter school law, that serves a significant 

number or percentage of schools that are identified for comprehensive support and improvement 

under § 200.19(a) and are not meeting exit criteria established under § 200.21(f) or a significant 

number or percentage of schools identified for targeted support and improvement under § 

200.19(b), which may include--

(i) LEA-level actions such as reducing the LEA’s operational or budgetary 

autonomy; removing one or more schools from the jurisdiction of the LEA; or 

restructuring the LEA, including changing its governance or initiating State 

takeover of the LEA;

(ii) In the case of an authorized public chartering agency, monitoring, limiting, or 

revoking the authority of the agency to issue, renew, and revoke school 

charters; and

(iii)School-level actions such as reorganizing a school to implement a new 

instructional model; replacing school leadership with leaders who are trained 

for or have a record of success in low-performing schools; converting a school 

to a public charter school; changing school governance; closing a school; or, 

in the case of a public charter school, working in coordination with the 

applicable authorized public chartering agency, revoking or non-renewing the

school’s charter consistent with State charter school law and the terms of the 

school’s charter;

(2) Establish and approve an exhaustive or non-exhaustive list of evidence-based 

interventions consistent with the definition of evidenced-based under section 8101(21) of the Act 

for use in schools implementing comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support 

and improvement plans under § 200.21 or § 200.22;

(3) Develop one or more evidence-based, State-determined interventions consistent 

with section 1111(d)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act that can be used by LEAs in a school identified for 

comprehensive support and improvement under § 200.19(a), such as whole-school reform 

models; and

(4) Require that LEAs submit to the State for review and approval, in a timely 

manner, the amended targeted support and improvement plan for each school in the LEA 

described in § 200.22(e)(2)(i) prior to the approval of such plan by the LEA.

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6311(d); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474)

16. Add § 200.24 to read as follows:

§ 200.24 Resources to support continued improvement.

(a) In general. (1) A State must allocate school improvement funds that it reserves 

under section 1003(a) of the Act to LEAs to serve schools implementing comprehensive or 

targeted support and improvement plans under §§ 200.21 or 200.22, except that such funds may 

not be used to serve schools implementing targeted support and improvement plans consistent 

with § 200.15(b)(2)(iii).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

357

(2) An LEA may apply for school improvement funds if--

(i) It has one or more schools identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement under § 200.19(a) or targeted support and improvement under § 

200.19(b) consistent with paragraph (a)(1) of this section; and

(ii) It applies to serve each school in the LEA identified for comprehensive 

support and improvement that it has sufficient capacity to serve before 

applying to serve any school in the LEA identified for targeted support and 

improvement.

(b) LEA application. To receive school improvement funds under paragraph (a) of this 

section, an LEA must submit an application to the State to serve one or more schools identified 

for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement. In addition to any other information 

that the State may require, such an application must include each of the following:

(1) A description of one or more evidence-based interventions that are based on 

strong, moderate, or promising evidence as defined under section 8101(21)(A) of the Act and 

that will be implemented in each school the LEA proposes to serve.

(2) A description of how the LEA will carry out its responsibilities under §§ 200.21 

and 200.22 for schools it will serve with funds under this section, including how the LEA will—

(i) Develop and implement a comprehensive support and improvement plan that 

meets the requirements of § 200.21 for each school identified under § 

200.19(a), for which the LEA receives school improvement funds to serve; 

and

(ii) Support each school identified under § 200.19(b), for which the LEA receives 

school improvement funds to serve, in developing and implementing a 

targeted support and improvement plan that meets the requirements of § 

200.22.

(3) A budget indicating how it will allocate school improvement funds among 

schools identified for comprehensive support and improvement and targeted support and 

improvement that it proposes to serve.

(4) The LEA’s plan to monitor schools for which the LEA receives school 

improvement funds, including the LEA’s plan to increase monitoring of a school that does not 

meet the exit criteria consistent with §§ 200.21(f), 200.22(e), or 200.22(f). 

(5) A description of the rigorous review process the LEA will use to recruit, screen, 

select, and evaluate any external partners with which the LEA will partner in carrying out 

activities supported with school improvement funds.

(6) A description of how the LEA will align other Federal, State, and local resources 

to carry out the activities supported with school improvement funds.

(7) A description of how the LEA will sustain effective activities in schools after 

funding under this section is complete.

(8) As appropriate, a description of how the LEA will modify practices and policies 

to provide operational flexibility, including with respect to school budgeting and staffing, that 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

358

enables full and effective implementation of comprehensive support and improvement and

targeted support and improvement plans. 

(9) For any LEA that plans to use the first year of its school improvement funds for 

planning activities in a school that it will serve, a description of the activities that will be 

supported with school improvement funds, the timeline for implementing those activities, how 

such timeline will ensure full implementation of the comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement plan consistent with §§ 200.21(d)(5) and 200.22(c)(5), and how those activities 

will support successful implementation of comprehensive or targeted support and improvement 

plans. 

(10) An assurance that each school the LEA proposes to serve will receive all of the 

State and local funds it would have received in the absence of funds received under this section.

(c) Allocation of school improvement funds to LEAs. (1) A State must review, in a 

timely manner, an LEA application for school improvement funds that meets the requirements of 

this section.

(2) In awarding school improvement funds under this section, a State must—

(i) Award the funds on a competitive or formula basis;

(ii) Make each award of sufficient size, with a minimum award of $500,000 per 

year for each school identified for comprehensive support and improvement to 

be served and a minimum award of $50,000 per year for each school 

identified for targeted support and improvement to be served, to support the 

LEA to effectively implement all requirements for a support and improvement 

plan under § 200.21 or § 200.22, as applicable, including selected evidencebased interventions, except that a State may determine that an award of less 

than the minimum award amount is appropriate if, based on each school’s 

enrollment, identified needs, selected evidence-based interventions, and other 

relevant factors described in the LEA’s application on behalf of the school, 

that such lesser amount will be sufficient to support effective implementation 

of such plan; and

(iii)Make awards not to exceed four years, which may include a planning year 

consistent with paragraph (b)(9) of this section during which the LEA must 

plan to carry out activities that will be supported with school improvement 

funds by, at the latest, the beginning of the school year following the school 

year for which the school was identified, and that will support the successful 

implementation of interventions required under §§ 200.21 or 200.22, as 

applicable.

(3) If a State permits an LEA to have a planning year for a school under paragraph 

(c)(2)(iii) of this section, prior to renewing the LEA’s school improvement award with respect to 

such school, the State must review the performance of the LEA in supporting such school during 

the planning year against the LEA’s approved application and determine that the LEA will be 

able to ensure such school fully implements the activities and interventions that will be supported 

with school improvement funds by the beginning of the school year following the planning year.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

359

(4) If a State has insufficient school improvement funds to award a grant of sufficient 

size to each LEA that submits an approvable application consistent with paragraph (c)(1) of this 

section, the State must, whether awarding funds through a formula or competition—

(i) Award funds to an LEA to serve a school identified for comprehensive 

support and improvement before awarding funds to an LEA to serve a school 

identified for targeted support and improvement;

(ii) Give priority in funding to an LEA that demonstrates the greatest need for 

such funds, as determined by the State, and based, at a minimum, on—

(A)The number or percentage of elementary and secondary schools in the 

LEA implementing plans under §§ 200.21 or 200.22; 

(B) The State’s review of resources available among and within LEAs 

under § 200.23(a); and

(C) Current academic achievement and student outcomes in the school or 

schools the LEA is proposing to serve.

(iii) Give priority in funding to an LEA that demonstrates the strongest 

commitment to use such funds to enable the lowest-performing schools to 

improve academic achievement and student outcomes, taking into 

consideration, with respect to the school or schools to be served—

(A)The proposed use of evidence-based interventions that are supported 

by the strongest level of evidence available and sufficient to support 

the school in making progress toward meeting exit criteria under § 

200.21 or § 200.22; and

(B) Commitment to family and community engagement.

(iv) Take into consideration geographic diversity within the State.

(d) State responsibilities. (1) In its State plan under section 1111 of the Act, each State 

must describe how it will--

(i) Award school improvement funds to LEAs, consistent with paragraph (c) of 

this section; 

(ii) Monitor the use of funds by LEAs receiving school improvement funds; 

(iii)Evaluate the use of school improvement funds by LEAs receiving such funds 

including by, at a minimum—

(A)Engaging in ongoing efforts to analyze the impact of the evidencebased interventions implemented using funds allocated under this 

section on student outcomes or other relevant outcomes; and 

(B) Disseminating on a regular basis the State’s findings on the impact of 

the evidence-based interventions to LEAs with schools identified 

under § 200.19;
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

360

(iv) Prior to renewing an LEA’s award of school improvement funds with respect 

to a particular school each year and consistent with paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this 

section, determine that—

(A)The school is making progress on the State’s long-term goals and 

measurements of interim progress and accountability indicators under 

§§ 200.13 and 200.14; and

(B) The school is implementing evidence-based interventions with fidelity 

to the LEA’s application and the requirements under §§ 200.21 or 

200.22, as applicable; and

(v) As appropriate, reduce barriers and provide operational flexibility for each 

school in an LEA receiving funds under this section, including flexibility 

around school budgeting and staffing.

(2) A State may--

(i) Set aside up to five percent of the school improvement funds the State 

reserves under section 1003(a) of the Act to carry out the activities under 

paragraph (d)(1) of this section; and

(ii) Directly provide for school improvement activities funded under this section 

or arrange for their provision in a school through external partners such as 

school support teams, educational service agencies, or nonprofit or for-profit 

entities with expertise and a record of success in implementing evidencebased strategies to improve student achievement, instruction, and schools if 

the State has the authority under State law to take over the school or, if the 

State does not have such authority, with LEA approval with respect to each 

such school, and—

(A)The State undertakes a rigorous review process in recruiting, 

screening, selecting, and evaluating any external partner the State uses 

to carry out activities directly with school improvement funds; and

(B) The external provider has demonstrated success implementing the 

evidence-based intervention or interventions that are based on strong, 

moderate, or promising evidence consistent with section 8101(21)(A) 

of the Act that it will implement.

(e) Reporting. The State must include on its State report card required under section 

1111(h)(1) of the Act a list of all LEAs, and schools served by such LEAs, that received funds 

under this section, including the amount of funds each LEA received to serve each such school 

and the types of interventions implemented in each such school with the funds.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

361

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 6303; 20 U.S.C. 6311(d); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 

U.S.C. 3474)

17. Revise the undesignated center heading following § 200.29 to read as follows:

State and LEA Report Cards

18. Section 200.30 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.30 Annual State report card. 

(a) State report cards in general. (1) A State that receives funds under subpart A of this 

part must prepare and disseminate widely to the public, consistent with paragraph (d) of this 

section, an annual State report card for the State as a whole that meets the requirements of this 

section. 

(2) Each State report card must include, at a minimum--

(i) The information required under section 1111(h)(1)(C) of the Act; 

(ii) As applicable, for each authorized public chartering agency in the State—

(A)A comparison between the percentage of students in each subgroup 

defined in section 1111(c)(2) of the Act for each charter school authorized 

by such agency and such percentage for the LEA or LEAs from which the 

charter school draws a significant portion of its students, or the geographic 

community within the LEA in which the charter school is located, as 

determined by the State; and

(B) A comparison between the academic achievement under § 

200.30(b)(2)(i)(A) for students in each charter school authorized by such 

agency and the academic achievement for students in the LEA or LEAs 

from which the charter school draws a significant portion of its students, 

or the geographic community within the LEA in which the charter school 

is located, as determined by the State; and 

(iii)Any additional information that the State believes will best inform parents, 

students, and other members of the public regarding the progress of each of the 

State’s public elementary schools and secondary schools, which may include the 

number and percentage of students requiring remediation in postsecondary 

education and the number and percentage of students attaining career and 

technical proficiencies.

(3) A State may meet its cross-tabulation requirements under section 1111(g) of the Act 

through its State report cards.

(b) Format. (1) The State report card must be concise and presented in an 

understandable and uniform format that is developed in consultation with parents.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

362

(2) The State report card must begin with a clearly labeled overview section that is 

prominently displayed and includes the following statewide information for the most recent 

school year:

(i) For all students and disaggregated, at a minimum, for each subgroup of students 

described in § 200.16(a)(2), results on—

(A)Each of the academic assessments in reading/language arts, mathematics, 

and science under section 1111(b)(2) of the Act, including the number and 

percentage of students at each level of achievement; 

(B) Each measure included within the Academic Progress indicator under § 

200.14(b)(2) for students in public elementary schools and secondary 

schools that are not high schools; 

(C) The four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate and, if adopted by the State, 

any extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate consistent with §

200.34; and

(D)Each measure included within the School Quality or Student Success 

indicator(s) under § 200.14(b)(5).

(ii) The number and percentage of English learners achieving English language 

proficiency, as measured by the English language proficiency assessments under 

section 1111(b)(2)(G) of the Act.

(3) If the overview section required under paragraph (b)(2) of this section does not 

include disaggregated data for each subgroup required under section 1111(h)(1)(C) of the Act, a 

State must ensure that the disaggregated data not included in the overview section are otherwise 

included on the State report card.

(c) Accessibility. Each State report card must be in a format and language, to the extent

practicable, that parents can understand in compliance with the requirements under §

200.21(b)(1) through (3).

(d) Dissemination and availability. A State must--

(1) Disseminate widely to the public the State report card by, at a minimum, making it 

available on a single webpage of the SEA’s Web site; and

(2) Include on the SEA’s Web site--

(i) The report card required under § 200.31 for each LEA in the State; and

(ii) The annual report to the Secretary required under section 1111(h)(5) of the 

Act. 

(e) Timing of report card dissemination. (1) Beginning with the State report card based 

on information from the 2017-2018 school year, a State must annually disseminate the State 

report card for the preceding school year no later than December 31. 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

363

(2) In meeting the deadline under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, a State may delay 

inclusion of per-pupil expenditure data required under § 200.35 until no later than the following 

June 30, provided the State report card includes a brief description of when such data will be 

publicly available.

(3) If a State cannot meet the December 31, 2018, deadline for reporting some or all of 

the newly required information under section 1111(h)(1)(C) of the Act for the 2017-2018 school 

year, the State may request from the Secretary a one-time, one-year extension for reporting on 

those elements. To receive an extension, a State must submit to the Secretary, by July 1, 2018-- 

(i) Evidence satisfactory to the Secretary demonstrating that the State cannot 

meet the deadline in paragraph (e)(1) of this section; and

(ii) A plan and timeline addressing the steps the State will take to disseminate the 

State report card for the 2018-2019 school year consistent with this section.

(f) Disaggregation of data. (1) For the purpose of reporting disaggregated data under 

section 1111(h) of the Act, the following definitions apply: 

(i) The term “migrant status” means status as a “migratory child” as defined in 

section 1309(3) of the Act, which means a child or youth who made a 

qualifying move in the preceding 36 months—

(A)As a migratory agricultural worker or a migratory fisher; or

(B) With, or to join, a parent or spouse who is a migratory agricultural worker 

or a migratory fisher.

(ii) The term “homeless status” means status as “homeless children and youths” 

as defined in section 725 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, 

as amended, which means individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate 

nighttime residence (within the meaning of section 103(a)(1) of the 

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act) and includes—

(A)Children and youths who are—

(1) Sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic 

hardship, or a similar reason; 

(2) Living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, or camping grounds due to the 

lack of alternative adequate accommodations; 

(3) Living in emergency or transitional shelters; or

(4) Abandoned in hospitals; 

(B) Children and youths who have a primary nighttime residence that is a 

public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular 

sleeping accommodation for human beings (within the meaning of section 

103(a)(2)(C) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act);
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

364

(C) Children and youths who are living in cars, parks, public spaces, 

abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar 

settings; and

(D)Migratory children (as defined in this paragraph) who qualify as homeless 

for the purposes of this section because they are living in circumstances 

described in paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section.

(iii) With respect to the term “status as a child in foster care,” the term “foster 

care” has the same meaning as defined in 45 CFR 1355(a), which means 24-

hour substitute care for children placed away from their parents and for whom 

the title IV-E agency has placement and care responsibility. This includes, but 

is not limited to, placements in foster family homes, foster homes of relatives, 

group homes, emergency shelters, residential facilities, child care institutions, 

and preadoptive homes. A child is in foster care in accordance with this 

definition regardless of whether the foster care facility is licensed and 

payments are made by the State, tribal, or local agency for the care of the 

child, whether adoption subsidy payments are being made prior to the 

finalization of an adoption, or whether there is Federal matching of any 

payments that are made.

(iv) With respect to the term “student with a parent who is a member of the 

Armed Forces on active duty,” such term includes a parent on full-time 

National Guard duty. The terms “Armed Forces,” “active duty,” and “fulltime National Guard duty” have the same meanings as defined in 10 U.S.C. 

101(a)(4), 101(d)(1), and 101(d)(5): 

(A) “Armed Forces” means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and 

Coast Guard.

(B) “Active duty” means full-time duty in the active military service of the 

United States, including full-time training duty, annual training duty, and 

attendance, while in the active military service, at a school designated as a 

service school by law or by the Secretary of the military department 

concerned. Such term does not include full-time National Guard duty.

(C) “Full-time National Guard duty” means training or other duty, other than 

inactive duty, performed by a member of the Army National Guard of the 

United States or the Air National Guard of the United States in the 

member’s status as a member of the National Guard of a State or territory, 

the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia under 

section 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of title 32 for which the member is 

entitled to pay from the United States or for which the member has waived 

pay from the United States. 

(2) A State is not required to report disaggregated data for information required on the 

State report card under section 1111(h) of the Act if the number of students in the subgroup is 

insufficient to yield statistically sound and reliable information or the results would reveal 

personally identifiable information about an individual student, consistent with § 200.17.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

365

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 20 U.S.C. 6301; 20 U.S.C. 6311(h); 20 U.S.C. 

6571(a))

19. Section § 200.31 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.31 Annual LEA report card.

(a) LEA report card in general. (1) An LEA that receives funds under subpart A of this 

part must prepare and disseminate to the public, consistent with paragraph (d) of this section, an 

annual LEA report card that meets the requirements of this section and includes information on 

the LEA as a whole and each school served by the LEA. 

(2) Each LEA report card must include, at a minimum, the information required under 

section 1111(h)(2)(C) of the Act.

(b) Format. (1) The LEA report card must be concise and presented in an 

understandable and uniform format that is developed in consultation with parents. 

(2) Each LEA report card must begin with, for the LEA as a whole and for each school 

served by the LEA, a clearly labeled overview section that is prominently displayed and includes 

the following information for the most recent school year:

(i) For all students and disaggregated, at a minimum, for each subgroup of 

students required described in § 200.16(a)(2)—

(A)All information required under § 200.30(b)(2);

(B) For the LEA, how academic achievement under § 200.30(b)(2)(i)(A) 

compares to that for students in the State as a whole; and

(C) For each school, how academic achievement under § 200.30(b)(2)(i)(A) 

compares to that for students in the LEA and the State as a whole.

(ii) For each school—

(A)The summative determination of the school consistent with § 200.18(a)(4);

(B) Whether the school is identified for comprehensive support and 

improvement under § 200.19(a) and, if so, the reason for such 

identification (i.e., lowest-performing school, low graduation rates, or 

school with a chronically low-performing subgroup(s)); and

(C) Whether the school is identified for targeted support and improvement 

under § 200.19(b) or § 200.15(b)(2)(iii) and, if so, each subgroup for 

which it is identified (i.e., subgroup or subgroups who are consistently 

underperforming or low-performing or, as applicable, who have missed 

the requirement for 95 percent student participation in assessments).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

366

(iii) Identifying information, including, but not limited to, the name, address, 

phone number, email, student membership count, and status as a participating 

Title I school.

(3) Each LEA must ensure that the overview section required under paragraph (b)(2) of 

this section for each school served by the LEA can be distributed to parents, consistent with 

paragraph (d)(3)(i) of this section.

(4) If the overview section required under paragraph (b)(2) of this section does not 

include disaggregated data for each subgroup required under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(ii) of the Act, 

an LEA must ensure that the disaggregated data not included in the overview section are 

otherwise included on the LEA report card.

(c) Accessibility. Each LEA report card must be in a format and language, to the extent 

practicable, that parents can understand in compliance with the requirements under §

200.21(b)(1) through (3).

(d) Dissemination and availability. (1) An LEA report card must be accessible to the 

public.

(2) At a minimum the LEA report card must be made available on the LEA’s Web site, 

except that an LEA that does not operate a Web site may provide the information to the public in 

another manner determined by the LEA. 

(3) An LEA must provide, for each school served by the LEA, the information described 

in paragraph (b)(2) of this section to the parents of each student enrolled in the school--

(i) Directly to parents, through such means as regular mail, email, or other direct 

means of distribution; and 

(ii) In a timely manner, consistent with the requirements under paragraph (e) of 

this section. 

(e) Timing of LEA report card dissemination. (1) Beginning with the LEA report card 

based on information from the 2017-2018 school year, an LEA must annually disseminate its 

report card for the preceding school year no later than December 31.

(2) In meeting the deadline under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, an LEA may delay 

inclusion of per-pupil expenditure data required under § 200.35 until no later than the following 

June 30, provided the report card includes a brief description of when such data will be publicly 

available.

(3) If an LEA cannot meet the December 31, 2018, deadline for reporting some or all of 

the newly required information under section 1111(h)(2)(C) of the Act for the 2017-2018 school 

year, a State may request from the Secretary a one-time, one-year extension for reporting on 

those elements on behalf of the LEA consistent with the requirements under § 200.30(e)(3).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

367

(f) Disaggregation of data. For the purpose of reporting disaggregated data under section 

1111(h)(2)(C) of the Act, the requirements under § 200.30(f) apply to LEA report cards.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 6311(h))

20. Section 200.32 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.32 Description and results of a State’s accountability system. 

(a) Accountability system description. Each State and LEA report card must include a 

clear and concise description of the State’s current accountability system under §§ 200.12 to 

200.24. Each accountability system description must include--

(1) The minimum number of students that the State establishes under § 200.17(a) for use 

in the accountability system;

(2) The long-term goals and measurements of interim progress that the State establishes 

under § 200.13 for all students and for each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2);

(3) The indicators used by the State under § 200.14 to annually meaningfully 

differentiate among all public schools, including, if applicable, the State’s uniform procedure for 

averaging data across years or grades consistent with § 200.20(a);

(4) The State’s system for annually meaningfully differentiating all public schools in the 

State under § 200.18, including--

(i) The specific weight, consistent with § 200.18(b)-(c), of each indicator described 

in § 200.14(b) in such differentiation;

(ii) The way in which the State factors the requirement for 95 percent student 

participation in assessments under § 200.15(a)(2) into its system of annual 

meaningful differentiation described in §§ 200.15(b) and 200.18(a)(5);

(iii)The methodology by which the State differentiates all such schools under § 

200.18(a), including information on the performance levels and summative 

determinations provided by the State consistent with § 200.18(a)(3) and (4); 

(iv)The methodology by which the State identifies a school for comprehensive 

support and improvement as described in § 200.19(a); and

(v) The methodology by which the State identifies a school for targeted support and 

improvement as described in § 200.19(b)-(c), including the definition and time 

period used by the State to determine consistently underperforming subgroups of 

students; and

(5) The exit criteria established by the State under §§ 200.21(f) and 200.22(f), including 

the number of years by which a school must meet the exit criteria.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

368

(b) Reference to State plan. To the extent that a State plan or another location on the 

SEA’s Web site provides a description of the accountability system elements required in 

paragraph (a)(1) through (5) of this section that complies with the requirements under § 

200.21(b)(1) through (3), a State or LEA may provide the Web address or URL of, or a direct 

link to, such State plan or location on the SEA’s Web site to meet the reporting requirement for 

such accountability system elements.

(c) Accountability system results. (1) Each State and LEA report card must include, as 

applicable, the number and names of each public school in the State or LEA identified by the 

State for--

(i) Comprehensive support and improvement under § 200.19(a); or

(ii) Targeted support and improvement under § 200.19(b). 

(2) For each school identified by the State for comprehensive support and improvement 

under § 200.19(a), the State and LEA report card must indicate which of the following reasons 

led to such identification: 

(i) Lowest-performing school under § 200.19(a)(1).

(ii) Low graduation rates under § 200.19(a)(2).

(iii)One or more chronically low-performing subgroups under § 200.19(a)(3), 

including the subgroup or subgroups that led to such identification.

(3) For each school identified by the State for targeted support and improvement under § 

200.19(b) or § 200.15(b)(2)(iii), the State and LEA report card must indicate–

(i) Which subgroup or subgroups led to the school’s identification; and

(ii) Whether the school has one or more subgroups who are consistently 

underperforming or low-performing or, as applicable, who have missed the 

requirement for 95 percent student participation in assessments.

(4) Each LEA report card must include, for each school served by the LEA, the school’s 

performance level consistent with § 200.18(a)(2) and (3) on each indicator in § 200.14(b) and the 

school’s summative determination consistent with § 200.18(a)(4).

(5) If a State includes more than one measure within any indicator under § 200.14(b), the 

LEA report card must include each school’s results on each individual measure and the single 

performance level for the indicator overall, across all such measures. 

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 20 U.S.C. 6311(c), (h); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a))

21. Section 200.33 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.33 Calculations for reporting on student achievement and progress toward meeting long-
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

369

term goals.

(a) Calculations for reporting student achievement results. (1) Consistent with 

paragraph (a)(3) of this section, each State and LEA report card must include the percentage of 

students performing at each level of achievement under section 1111(b)(1)(A) of the Act (e.g., 

proficient, advanced) on the academic assessments under section 1111(b)(2) of the Act, overall 

and by grade.

(2) Consistent with paragraph (a)(3) of this section, each LEA report card must also--

(i) Compare the results under paragraph (a)(1) of this section for students served by 

the LEA with students in the State as a whole; and

(ii) For each school served by the LEA, compare the results under paragraph (a)(1) of 

this section for students enrolled in the school with students served by the LEA 

and students in the State as a whole. 

(3) Each State and LEA report card must include, with respect to each reporting

requirement under paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section--

(i) Information for all students;

(ii) Information disaggregated by—

(A)Each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2);

(B) Migrant status;

(C) Gender;

(D)Homeless status;

(E) Status as a child in foster care; and 

(F) Status as a student with a parent who is a member of the Armed Forces on 

active duty or serves on full-time National Guard duty; and

(iii) Results based on both—

(A)The percentage of students at each level of achievement, in which the 

denominator includes the greater of—

(1) 95 percent of all students, or 95 percent of each subgroup of students, who 

are enrolled in the school, LEA, or State, respectively; or 

(2) The number of all such students enrolled in the school, LEA, or State, 

respectively, who participate in the assessments required under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v) of the Act; and 

(B) The percentage of students at each level of achievement, in which the 

denominator includes all students with a valid test score. 

(b) Calculation for reporting on the progress of all students and each subgroup of 

students toward meeting the State-designed long-term academic achievement goals. (1) Each 

State and LEA report card must indicate whether all students and each subgroup of students 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

370

described in § 200.16(a)(2) met or did not meet the State measurements of interim progress for 

academic achievement under § 200.13(a).

(2) To meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, each State and LEA 

must calculate the percentage of students who are proficient and above on the State assessments 

required under section 1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act based on a denominator that includes the 

greater of--

(i) 95 percent of all students, and 95 percent of each subgroup of students, who are 

enrolled in the school, LEA, or State, respectively; or 

(ii) The number of all such students enrolled in the school, LEA, or State, 

respectively who participate in the assessments required under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I) of the Act.

(c) Calculation for reporting the percentage of students assessed and not assessed. (1) 

Each State and LEA report card must include the percentage of all students, and the percentage 

of students disaggregated by each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2), gender, and 

migrant status, assessed and not assessed on each of the assessments required under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v) of the Act. 

(2) To meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(1) of this section, each State and LEA 

must include in the denominator of the calculation all students enrolled in the school, LEA, or 

State, respectively, at the time of testing.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 20 U.S.C. 6311(c), (h); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a))

22. Section 200.34 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.34 High school graduation rate.

(a) Four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate. A State must calculate a four-year 

adjusted cohort graduation rate for each public high school in the State in the following manner:

(1) The numerator must consist of the sum of—

(i) All students who graduate in four years with a regular high school diploma; and 

(ii) All students with the most significant cognitive disabilities in the cohort, assessed 

using an alternate assessment aligned to alternate academic achievement 

standards under section 1111(b)(2)(D) of the Act and awarded a State-defined 

alternate diploma.

(2) The denominator must consist of the number of students who form the adjusted 

cohort of entering first-time students in grade 9 enrolled in the high school no later than the date 

by which student membership data is collected annually by the State for submission to the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

371

National Center for Education Statistics. 

(3) For those high schools that start after grade 9, the cohort must be calculated based on 

the earliest high school grade students attend.

(b) Adjusting the cohort. (1) “Adjusted cohort” means the students who enter grade 9 

(or the earliest high school grade) plus any students who transfer into the cohort in grades 9 

through 12, and minus any students removed from the cohort.

(2) “Students who transfer into the cohort” means the students who enroll after the 

beginning of the date of the determination of the cohort, up to and including in grade 12.

(3) To remove a student from the cohort, a school or LEA must confirm in writing that 

the student--

(i) Transferred out, such that the school or LEA has official written documentation 

that the student enrolled in another school or educational program from which the 

student is expected to receive a regular high school diploma, or a State-defined 

alternate diploma for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities;

(ii) Emigrated to another country;

(iii)Transferred to a prison or juvenile facility after an adjudication of delinquency, 

and is enrolled in an educational program from which the student is expected to 

receive a regular high school diploma, or a State-defined alternate diploma for 

students with the most significant cognitive disabilities, during the period in 

which the student is assigned to the prison or juvenile facility; or 

(iv)Is deceased.

(4) A student who is retained in grade, enrolls in a general equivalency diploma program 

or other alternative education program that does not issue or provide credit toward the issuance 

of a regular high school diploma or a State-defined alternate diploma, or leaves school for any 

reason other than those described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section may not be counted as 

having transferred out for the purpose of calculating the graduation rate and must remain in the 

adjusted cohort.

(5) For students with the most significant cognitive disabilities assessed using an 

alternate assessment aligned to alternate academic achievement standards under section 

1111(b)(2)(D) of the Act and who are eligible for a State-defined alternate diploma under § 

200.34(c)(3), an LEA or school must--

(i) Assign the student to the cohort of entering first-time students in grade 9 and 

ensure that the student remains in that cohort through grade 12. 

(ii) Remove such a student from the original cohort if the student does not graduate 

after four years but continues to be enrolled in the school or LEA and is expected 

to receive a State-defined alternate diploma that meets the requirements of 

paragraph (c)(3) of this section; 

(iii)Reassign such a student who graduates with a State-defined alternate diploma 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

372

after more than four years to the cohort of students graduating in that year and 

include the student in the numerator and denominator of the graduation rate 

calculation—

(A)For the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate for the year in which the 

student graduates; and

(B) For an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate under paragraph (d) 

of this section for one or more subsequent years, if the State has adopted

such a rate.

(iv) Reassign such a student who after more than four years does not graduate with a 

State-defined alternate diploma that meets the requirements of paragraph (c)(3) of 

this section to the cohort of students graduating in the year in which the student 

exits high school and include the student in the denominator of the graduation rate 

calculation—

(A)For the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate for the year in which the 

student exits high school; and

(B) For an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate under paragraph (d) 

of this section for one or more subsequent years, if the State has adopted 

such a rate.

(c) Definition of terms. For the purposes of calculating an adjusted cohort graduation 

rate under this section--

(1) “Students who graduate in four years” means students who earn a regular high school 

diploma before, during, or at the conclusion of their fourth year, or during a summer session 

immediately following their fourth year.

(2) “Regular high school diploma” means the standard high school diploma awarded to 

the preponderance of students in the State that is fully aligned with State standards, or a higher 

diploma. A regular high school diploma does not include--

(i) A diploma aligned to the alternate academic achievement standards described in 

section 1111(b)(1)(E) of the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA; or 

(ii) A general equivalency diploma, certificate of completion, certificate of 

attendance, or any similar or lesser credential, such as a diploma based on 

meeting individualized education program (IEP) goals.

(3) “Alternate diploma” means a diploma for students with the most significant cognitive 

disabilities, as defined by the State, who are assessed with a State’s alternate assessments aligned 

to alternate academic achievement standards under section 1111(b)(2)(D) of the Act and is--

(i) Standards-based; 

(ii) Aligned with the State’s requirements for a regular high school diploma; and 

(iii)Obtained within the time period for which the State ensures the availability of a 

free appropriate public education under section 612(a)(1) of the Individuals with 

Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1412(a)(1)).
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

373

(d) Extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate. In addition to calculating a four-year 

adjusted cohort graduation rate, a State may calculate and report an extended-year adjusted 

cohort graduation rate.

(1) “Extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate” means the number of students who 

graduate in four years, plus the number of students who graduate in one or more additional years 

beyond the fourth year of high school with a regular high school diploma or a State-defined 

alternate diploma, divided by the number of students who form the adjusted cohort for the fouryear adjusted cohort graduation rate, provided that the adjustments account for any students who 

transfer into the cohort by the end of the year of graduation being considered minus the number 

of students who transfer out, emigrate to another country, transfer to a prison or juvenile facility, 

or are deceased, as described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

(2) A State may calculate one or more extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rates. 

(e) Reporting on State and LEA report cards. (1) A State and LEA report card must 

include, at the school, LEA, and State levels--

(i) Four-year adjusted cohort graduation rates and, if adopted by the State, extendedyear adjusted cohort graduation rates for all students and disaggregated by each 

subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2), homeless status, and status as a 

child in foster care.

(ii) Whether all students and each subgroup of students described in § 200.16(a)(2) 

met or did not meet the State measurements of interim progress for graduation 

rates under § 200.13(b); and

(2) In reporting graduation rates disaggregated by each subgroup of students described in 

§ 200.16(a)(2), homeless status, and status as a child in foster care, a State and its LEAs must 

include students who were children with disabilities, English learners, children who are homeless 

(as defined in § 200.30(f)(1)(ii)), or children who are in foster care (as defined in § 

200.30(f)(1)(iii)) at any time during the cohort period.

(3) A State and its LEAs must report the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate and, if 

adopted by the State, extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate that reflects results of the 

immediately preceding school year.

(4) If a State adopts an extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate, the State and its 

LEAs must report the extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate separately from the fouryear adjusted cohort graduation rate.

(f) Partial school enrollment. Each State must apply the same approach in all LEAs to 

determine whether students who are enrolled in the same school for less than half of the 

academic year as described in § 200.20(b) who exit high school without a regular high school 

diploma and do not transfer into another high school that grants a regular high school diploma 

are counted in the denominator for reporting the adjusted cohort graduation rate--
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

374

(1) At the school in which such student was enrolled for the greatest proportion of school 

days while enrolled in grades 9 through 12; or 

(2) At the school in which the student was most recently enrolled.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 20 U.S.C. 6311(h); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 

U.S.C. 7801(23), (25))

23. Section 200.35 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.35 Per-pupil expenditures.

(a) State report card requirements. (1) Each State report card must include the 

following:

(i) Current expenditures per pupil from Federal, State, and local funds, for the 

preceding fiscal year, consistent with the timeline in § 200.30(e), for each 

LEA in the State, and for each school served by each LEA—

(A)In the aggregate; and

(B) Disaggregated by source of funds, including—

(1) Federal funds; and 

(2) State and local funds combined plus Federal funds intended to replace 

local tax revenues, which may not include funds received from private 

sources.

(ii) The Web address or URL of, or direct link to, a description of the uniform 

procedure required under paragraph (c) of this section that complies with the 

requirements under § 200.21(b)(1) through (3).

(2) Each State report card must also separately include, for each LEA, the amount of 

current expenditures per pupil that were not included in school-level per-pupil expenditure data 

for public schools in the LEA.

(b) LEA report card requirements. (1) Each LEA report card must include the 

following:

(i) Current expenditures per pupil from Federal, State, and local funds, for the 

preceding fiscal year, consistent with the timeline in § 200.31(e), for the LEA and 

each school served by the LEA—

(A)In the aggregate; and

(B) Disaggregated by source of funds, including—

(1) Federal funds; and 

(2) State and local funds combined plus Federal funds intended to replace 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

375

local tax revenues, which may not include funds received from private 

sources.

(ii) The Web address or URL of, or direct link to, a description of the uniform 

procedure required under paragraph (c) of this section.

(2) Each LEA report card must also separately include the amount of current 

expenditures per pupil that were not included in school-level per-pupil expenditure data for 

public schools in the LEA. 

(c) Uniform procedures. A State must develop a single statewide procedure to calculate 

LEA current expenditures per pupil and a single statewide procedure to calculate school-level 

current expenditures per pupil, such that--

(1) The numerator consists of current expenditures, which means actual personnel costs 

(including actual staff salaries) and actual non-personnel expenditures of Federal, State, and local 

funds, used for public education--

(i) Including, but not limited to, expenditures for administration, instruction, 

instructional support, student support services, pupil transportation services, 

operation and maintenance of plant, fixed charges, preschool, and net 

expenditures to cover deficits for food services and student body activities; but 

(ii) Not including expenditures for community services, capital outlay, and debt 

service; and

(2) The denominator consists of the aggregate number of students enrolled in preschool 

through grade 12 to whom the State and LEA provide free public education on or about October 

1, consistent with the student membership data collected annually by the State for submission to 

the National Center for Education Statistics.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 6311(h))

24. Section 200.36 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.36 Postsecondary enrollment.

(a) Reporting information on postsecondary enrollment. (1) Each State and LEA report 

card must include the information at the SEA, LEA and high school level on postsecondary 

enrollment required under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(xiii) of the Act, where available, consistent 

with paragraph (c) of this section. This information must include, for each high school in the 

State (in the case of a State report card) and for each high school in the LEA (in the case of an 

LEA report card), the cohort rate (for all students and each subgroup of students described in 

section § 200.16(a)(2)) at which students who graduate from high school enroll in programs of 

postsecondary education, including--
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

376

(i) Programs of public postsecondary education in the State; and

(ii) If data are available and to the extent practicable, programs of private 

postsecondary education in the State or public and private programs of 

postsecondary education outside the State.

(2) For the purposes of this section, “programs of postsecondary education” has the same 

meaning as the term “institution of higher education” under section 101(a) of the Higher 

Education Act of 1965, as amended.

(b) Calculating postsecondary enrollment. To meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of 

this section, each State and LEA must calculate the cohort rate in the following manner:

(1) The numerator must consist of the number of students who enroll in a program of 

postsecondary education in the academic year following the students’ high school graduation.

(2) The denominator must consist of the number of students who graduated with a 

regular high school diploma or a State-defined alternate diploma from each high school in the 

State, in accordance with § 200.34, in the immediately preceding school year.

(c) Information availability. (1) For the purpose of paragraph (a) of this section, 

information is “available” if either--

(i) The State is routinely obtaining the information; or

(ii) The information is obtainable by the State on a routine basis.

(2) If the postsecondary enrollment information described in paragraph (a) of this section 

is not available or is partially available, the State and LEA report cards must include the school 

year in which such information is expected to be fully available.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1001(a); 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 6311(h))

25. Section 200.37 is revised to read as follows:

§ 200.37 Educator qualifications. 

(a) Professional qualifications of educators in the State. Each State and LEA report card 

must include, in the aggregate and disaggregated by high-poverty and low-poverty schools, the 

number and percentage of the following:

(1) Inexperienced teachers, principals, and other school leaders;

(2) Teachers teaching with emergency or provisional credentials; and

(3) Teachers who are not teaching in the subject or field for which the teacher is 

certified or licensed. 

(b) Uniform definitions. For purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, the following 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

377

definitions apply:

(1) “High-poverty schools” means schools in the top quartile of poverty in the State;

(2) “Low-poverty schools” means schools in the bottom quartile of poverty in the 

State; and

(3) Each State must adopt, and the State and each LEA in the State must use, a 

statewide definition of the term “inexperienced” and of the phrase “not teaching 

in the subject or field for which the teacher is certified or licensed.”

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0581)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3; 20 U.S.C. 3474; 20 U.S.C. 6571(a); 20 U.S.C. 6311(h))

§§ 200.38 through 200.42 [Removed and Reserved]

26. Remove and reserve §§ 200.38 through 200.42.

27. Add an undesignated center heading following reserved § 200.42 to read as follows:

Other State Plan Provisions

§ 200.43 [Removed]

28. Remove § 200.43. 

§ 200.58 [Redesignated as § 200.43]

29. Redesignate § 200.58 as § 200.43.

§§ 200.44 through 200.47 [Removed and Reserved]

30. Remove and reserve §§ 200.44 through 200.47.

31. Add an undesignated center heading following reserved § 200.47 to read as follows:

Local Educational Agency Plans

§ 200.48 [Removed]

32. Remove § 200.48.

§ 200.61 [Redesignated as 200.48]

33. Redesignate § 200.61 as § 200.48.

§§ 200.49 through 200.53 [Removed and Reserved]

34. Remove and reserve §§ 200.49 through 200.53.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

378

35. Add an undesignated center heading following reserved § 200.54 to read as follows:

Participation of Eligible Children in Private Schools 

§§ 200.55 through 200.57 [Removed and Reserved]

36. Remove §§ 200.55 through 200.57. 

§§ 200.62 through 200.64 [Redesignated as §§ 200.55 through 200.57]

37. Redesignate §§ 200.62 through 200.64 as §§ 200.55 through 200.57.

§§ 200.58 through 200.60 [Removed]

38. Remove §§ 200.58 through 200.60.

§ 200.65 [Redesignated as § 200.58]

39. Redesignate § 200.65 as § 200.58.

§§ 200.66 through 200.67 [Redesignated as §§ 200.59 through 200.60]

40. Redesignate §§ 200.66 through 200.67 as §§ 200.59 through 200.60.

§ 200.61 [Reserved]

41. Add reserved §§ 200.61.

§ 200.62 [Removed and Reserved]

42. Remove and reserve § 200.62.

43. Add an undesignated center heading following reserved § 200.62 to read as follows:

Allocations to LEAs

§§ 200.63 through 200.67 [Removed]

44. Remove §§ 200.63 through 200.67.

§§ 200.70 through 200.75 [Redesignated as §§ 200.63 through 200.68]

45. Redesignate §§ 200.70 through 200.75 as §§ 200.63 through 200.68.

46. Add an undesignated center heading following reserved § 200.69 to read as follows:

Procedures for the Within-District Allocation of LEA Program Funds
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

379

§§ 200.77 and 200.78 [Redesignated as §§ 200.70 and 200.71]

47. Redesignate §§ 200.77 and 200.78 as §§ 200.70 and 200.71.

48. Add an undesignated center heading following § 200.71 to read as follows:

Fiscal Requirements

§ 200.79 [Redesignated as § 200.73

49. Redesignate § 200.79 as § 200.73.

§ 200.79 [Reserved]

50. Add reserved § 200.79.

PART 299--GENERAL PROVISIONS

51. The authority citation for part 299 is revised to read as follows:

(AUTHORITY: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3(a)(1), unless otherwise noted)

§ 299.1 [Amended]

52. In § 299.1 revise paragraph (a) to read as follows:

§ 299.1 What are the purpose and scope of these regulations?

(a) This part establishes uniform administrative rules for programs in titles I through XII

of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended (ESEA or the Act). As 

indicated in particular sections of this part, certain provisions apply only to a specific group of 

programs.

* * * * *

53. Add Subpart G to read as follows:

Subpart G – State Plans

Sec.

299.13 Overview of State plan requirements.

299.14 Requirements for the consolidated State plan.

299.15 Consultation and performance management.

299.16 Academic assessments.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

380

299.17 Accountability, support, and improvement for schools.

299.18 Supporting excellent educators.

299.19 Supporting all students.

Subpart G – State Plans

§ 299.13 Overview of State plan requirements. 

(a) In general. In order to receive a grant under a program identified in paragraph (j) of 

this section, an SEA must submit a State plan that meets the requirements in this section and: 

(1) Consolidated State plan requirements detailed in §§ 299.14 to 299.19; or 

(2) Individual program application requirements under the Act (hereinafter 

“individual program State plan”) as detailed in paragraph (k) of this section. 

(b) Timely and meaningful consultation. In developing an initial consolidated State plan 

or an individual program State plan, or revising or amending an approved consolidated State plan 

or an individual program State plan, an SEA must engage in timely and meaningful consultation 

with stakeholders. To satisfy its consultation obligations under this paragraph, each SEA must--

(1) Provide public notice, in a format and language, to the extent practicable, that the 

public can access and understand in compliance with the requirements under § 

200.21(b)(1) through (3), of the SEA’s processes and procedures for developing 

and adopting its consolidated State plan or individual program State plan. 

(2) Conduct outreach to, and solicit input from, the individuals and entities listed in § 

299.15(a) for submission of a consolidated State plan or the individuals and 

entities listed in the applicable statutes for submission of an individual program 

State plan, in a format and language, to the extent practicable, that the public can 

access and understand in compliance with the requirements under § 200.21(b)(1) 

through (3)—

(i) During the design and development of the SEA’s plan to implement the 

programs included in paragraph (j) of this section;

(ii) At a minimum, prior to initial submission of the consolidated State plan or 

individual program State plan by making the plan available for public 

comment for a period of not less than 30 days; and

(iii)Prior to the submission of any revisions or amendments to the approved 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan.

(3) Describe how the consultation and public comment were taken into account in the 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan submitted for approval, 

including—

(i) How the SEA addressed the issues and concerns raised through 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

381

consultation and public comment; and 

(ii) Any changes made as a result of consultation and public comment.

(4) Meet the requirements under section 8540 of the Act regarding consultation with 

the Governor, or appropriate officials from the Governor’s office, including—

(i) Consultation during the development of a consolidated State plan or 

individual title I or title II State plan and prior to submission of such plan 

to the Secretary; and 

(ii) Procedures regarding the signature of such plan.

(c) Assurances. An SEA that submits either a consolidated State plan or an individual 

program State plan must submit to the Secretary the assurances included in section 8304 of the 

Act. An SEA also must include the following assurances when submitting either a consolidated 

State plan or an individual program State plan for the following programs:

(1) Title I, part A. (i) In applying the same approach in all LEAs to determine 

whether students who are enrolled in the same school for less than half of the 

academic year as described in § 200.20(b), the SEA will assure that students who 

exit high school without a regular high school diploma and do not transfer into 

another high school that grants a regular high school diploma are counted in the 

denominator for reporting the adjusted cohort graduation rate using one of the 

following:

(A)At the school in which such student was enrolled for the greatest 

proportion of school days while enrolled in grades 9 through 12; or

(B) At the school in which the student was most recently enrolled.

(ii) To ensure that children in foster care promptly receive transportation, as 

necessary, to and from their schools of origin when in their best interest 

under section 1112(c)(5)(B) of the Act, the SEA must ensure that an LEA 

receiving funds under title I, part A of the Act will collaborate with State 

and local child welfare agencies to develop and implement clear written 

procedures that describe:

(A)How the requirements of section 1112(c)(5)(B) of the Act will be met 

in the event of a dispute over which agency or agencies will pay any 

additional costs incurred in providing transportation; and 

(B) Which agency or agencies will initially pay the additional costs so that 

transportation is provided promptly during the pendency of the 

dispute. 

(iii) The SEA must assure, under section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the Act, that it will 

publish and annually update--

(A)The statewide differences in rates required under § 299.18(c)(3); 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

382

(B) The percentage of teachers categorized in each LEA at each 

effectiveness level established as part of the definition of “ineffective 

teacher” under § 299.18(c)(2)(i), consistent with applicable State 

privacy policies;

(C) The percentage of teachers categorized as out-of-field teachers 

consistent with § 200.37; and 

(D)The percentage of teachers categorized as inexperienced teachers 

consistent with § 200.37.

(E) The information required under paragraphs (A)-(D) of this section in a 

format and language, to the extent practicable, that the public can 

access and understand in compliance with the requirements under § 

200.21(b)(1) through (3) and available at least on a Web site.

(2) Title III, part A. (i) In establishing the statewide entrance procedures required 

under section 3113(b)(2) of the Act, the SEA must ensure that:

(A) All students who may be English learners are assessed for such status 

using a valid and reliable instrument within 30 days after enrollment in 

a school in the State;

(B) It has established procedures for the timely identification of English 

learners after the initial identification period for students who were 

enrolled at that time but were not previously identified; and

(C) It has established procedures for removing the English learner 

designation from any student who was erroneously identified as an 

English learner, which must be consistent with Federal civil rights 

obligations.

(ii) In establishing the statewide entrance and exit procedures required under 

section 3113(b)(2) of the Act and § 299.19(b)(4), the SEA will ensure that 

the criteria are consistent with Federal civil rights obligations.

(3) Title V, part b, subpart 2. The SEA will assure that, no later than March of each 

year, it will submit data to the Secretary on the number of students in average 

daily attendance for the preceding school year in kindergarten through grade 12 

for LEAs eligible for funding under the Rural and Low-Income School program, 

as described under section 5231 of the Act. 

(d) Process for submitting an initial consolidated State plan or individual program State 

plan. When submitting an initial consolidated State plan or an individual program State plan, an 

SEA must adhere to the following timeline and process.

(1) Assurances. In order to receive Federal allocations for the programs included in 

paragraph (j) of this section, each SEA must submit the required assurances

described in paragraph (c) of this section, and if submitting a consolidated State 

plan, the required assurances under § 299.14(c), on a date, time, and manner (e.g.,
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

383

electronic or paper) established by the Secretary.

(2) Submission deadlines. (i) Each SEA must submit to the Department either a 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan for each program in 

paragraph (j) of this section on a date, time, and manner (e.g., electronic or paper) 

established by the Secretary.

(ii) For the purposes of the period for Secretarial review under sections 

1111(a)(4)(A)(v) or 8451 of the Act, a consolidated State plan or an 

individual program State plan is considered to be submitted on the date 

and time established by the Secretary if it is received by the Secretary on 

or prior to that date and time and addresses all of the required components 

in § 299.14 for a consolidated State plan or all statutory and regulatory 

application requirements for an individual program State plan.

(iii) Each SEA must submit either a consolidated State plan or an individual 

program State plan for all of the programs in paragraph (j) in a single 

submission on the date, time, and manner (e.g., electronic or paper)

established by the Secretary consistent with paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this

section.

(3) Extension for educator equity student-level data calculation. If an SEA cannot 

calculate and report the data required under paragraph § 299.18(c)(3)(i) when 

submitting its initial consolidated State plan or individual title I, part A State plan, 

the SEA may request a three-year extension from the Secretary.

(i) To receive an extension, the SEA must indicate in its initial consolidated 

State plan or individual title I, part A State plan that it will calculate the 

statewide rates described under paragraph § 299.18(c)(3)(i) using schoollevel data and provide a detailed plan and timeline addressing the steps it 

will take to calculate and report, as expeditiously as possible but no later 

than three years from the date it submits its initial consolidated State plan 

or individual title I, part A program State plan, the data required under § 

299.18(c)(3)(i) at the student level.

(ii) An SEA that receives an extension under this paragraph (d)(3) must, when 

it submits either its initial consolidated State plan or individual title I, part 

A program State plan, still calculate and report the differences in rates 

based on school-level data consistent with § 299.18(c).

(e) Opportunity to revise initial State plan. An SEA may revise its initial consolidated 

State plan or its individual program State plan in response to a preliminary written determination 

by the Secretary. The period for Secretarial review of a consolidated State plan or an individual 

program State plan under sections 1111(a)(4)(A)(v) or 8451 of the Act is suspended while the 

SEA revises its plan. If an SEA fails to resubmit a revised plan within 45 days of receipt of the 

preliminary written determination, the Secretary may issue a final written determination under 

sections 1111(a)(4)(A)(v) or 8451 of the Act.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

384

(f) Publication of State plan. After the Secretary approves a consolidated State plan or 

an individual program State plan, an SEA must publish its approved consolidated State plan or 

individual program State plan on the SEA’s Web site in a format and language, to the extent 

practicable, that the public can access and understand in compliance with the requirements under 

§ 200.21(b)(1) through (3).

(g) Amendments and Significant Changes. If an SEA makes significant changes to its 

approved consolidated State plan or individual program State plan at any time, consistent with

section 1111(a)(6)(B) of the Act, such information must be submitted to the Secretary in the 

form of an amendment to its State plan for review and approval. Prior to submitting an 

amendment to its consolidated State plan or individual program State plan, the SEA must engage 

in timely and meaningful consultation, consistent with paragraph (b) of this section.

(h) Revisions. At least once every four years, an SEA must review and revise its 

approved consolidated State plan or individual program State plans. The SEA must submit its 

revisions to the Secretary for review and approval. When reviewing and revising its 

consolidated State plan or individual program State plan, each SEA must engage in timely and 

meaningful consultation, consistent with paragraph (b) of this section.

(i) Optional consolidated State plan. An SEA may submit either a consolidated State 

plan or an individual program State plan for any program identified in paragraph (j) of this 

section. An SEA that submits a consolidated State plan is not required to submit an individual 

program State plan for any of the programs to which the consolidated State plan applies.

(j) Programs that may be included in a consolidated State plan. (1) Under section 8302 

of the Act, an SEA may include in a consolidated State plan any programs authorized by--

(i) Title I, part A: Improving Basic Programs Operated by State and Local 

Educational Agencies;

(ii) Title I, part C: Education of Migratory Children;

(iii) Title I, part D: Prevention and Intervention Programs for Children and 

Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, or At-Risk;

(iv) Title II, part A: Supporting Effective Instruction; 

(v) Title III, part A: Language Instruction for English Learners and 

Immigrant Students;

(vi) Title IV, part A: Student Support and Academic Enrichment Grants;

(vii) Title IV, part B: 21st Century Community Learning Centers; and 

(viii) Title V, part B, subpart 2: Rural and Low-Income School Program.

(2) In addition to the programs identified in paragraph (j)(1) of this section, under 

section 8302(a)(1)(B) of the Act, an SEA may also include in the consolidated 

State plan, as designated by the Secretary, the Education for Homeless Children 

and Youths program under subtitle B of title VII of the McKinney-Vento 

Homeless Assistance Act, as amended by the ESSA. 

(k) Individual program State plan requirements. An SEA that submits an individual 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

385

program State plan for one or more of the programs listed in paragraph (j) of this section must 

address all State plan or application requirements applicable to such programs as contained in the 

Act and applicable regulations, including all required statutory and programmatic assurances. In 

addition to addressing the statutory and regulatory plan or application requirements for each 

individual program, an SEA that submits an individual program State plan--

(1) For title I, part A, must:

(i) Meet the educator equity requirements in § 299.18(c) in order to address 

section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the Act; and

(ii) Meet the schoolwide waiver requirements in § 299.19(c)(1) in order to 

implement section 1114(a)(1)(B) of the Act; 

(2) For title I, part C, must meet the education of migratory children requirements in 

§ 299.19(b)(2) in order to address sections 1303(f)(2), 1304(d), and 1306(b)(1)of 

the Act; and 

(3) For title III, must meet the English learner requirements in § 299.19(b)(4) in 

order to address section 3113(b)(2) of the Act.

(l) Compliance with program requirements. Each SEA must administer all programs in 

accordance with all applicable statutes, regulations, program plans, and approved applications, 

and maintain documentation of this compliance.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0576)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3, 3474, 6571(a), 7801(11), 7842, 7844, 7871)

§ 299.14 Requirements for the consolidated State plan.

(a) Purpose. Pursuant to section 8302 of the Act, the Department defines the procedures 

under which an SEA may submit a consolidated State plan for any or all of the programs listed in 

§ 299.13(j). 

(b) Framework for the consolidated State plan. Each consolidated State plan must 

address the requirements in §§ 299.15 through 299.19 for the following five components and 

their corresponding elements:

(1) Consultation and performance management.

(2) Academic assessments.

(3) Accountability, support, and improvement for schools. 

(4) Supporting excellent educators.

(5) Supporting all students. 

(c) Assurances. In addition to the assurances in § 299.13(c), an SEA must include the 

following assurances on a date, time, and manner (e.g., electronic or paper) established by the 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

386

Secretary as part of its consolidated State plan:

(1) Coordination. The SEA must assure that it coordinated its plans for administering 

the included programs, other programs authorized under the ESEA, as amended by the ESSA, 

and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the Rehabilitation Act, the Carl D. 

Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity 

Act, the Head Start Act, the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990, the 

Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002, the Education Technical Assistance Act of 2002, the 

National Assessment of Educational Progress Authorization Act, and the Adult Education and 

Family Literacy Act.

(2) Challenging academic standards and academic assessments. The SEA must assure 

that the State will meet the standards and assessments requirements of sections 1111(b)(1)(A)

through (F) and 1111(b)(2) of the Act and applicable regulations.

(3) State support and improvement for low-performing schools. The SEA must assure 

that it will approve, monitor, and periodically review LEA comprehensive support and 

improvement plans consistent with requirements in section 1111(d)(1)(B)(v) and (vi) of the Act 

and § 200.21(e).

(4) Participation by private school children and teachers. The SEA must assure that it 

will meet the requirements of sections 1117 and 8501 of the Act regarding the participation of 

private school children and teachers.

(5) Appropriate identification of children with disabilities. The SEA must assure that it 

has policies and procedures in effect regarding the appropriate identification of children with 

disabilities consistent with the child find and evaluation requirements in section 612(a)(3) and 

(a)(7) of the IDEA, respectively.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0576)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3, 3474, 7842)

§ 299.15 Consultation and performance management.

(a) Consultation. In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe how it engaged 

in timely and meaningful consultation consistent with § 299.13(b) with stakeholders in the 

development of the four components identified in §§ 299.16 through 299.19 of its consolidated 

plan. The stakeholders must include, at a minimum, the following individuals and entities and 

must reflect the geographic diversity of the State:

(1) The Governor, or appropriate officials from the Governor’s office; 

(2) Members of the State legislature; 

(3) Members of the State board of education (if applicable);

(4) LEAs, including LEAs in rural areas; 

(5) Representatives of Indian tribes located in the State; 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

387

(6) Teachers, principals, other school leaders, paraprofessionals, specialized instructional 

support personnel, and organizations representing such individuals; 

(7) Charter school leaders, if applicable; 

(8) Parents and families;

(9) Community-based organizations; 

(10) Civil rights organizations, including those representing students with disabilities, 

English learners, and other historically underserved students; 

(11) Institutions of higher education (IHEs);

(12) Employers; 

(13) Representatives of private school students; 

(14) Early childhood educators and leaders; and

(15) The public. 

(b) Performance management and technical assistance. In its consolidated State plan, 

each SEA must describe its system of performance management of SEA and LEA plans 

consistent with its consolidated State plan. This description must include--

(1) The SEA’s process for supporting the development, review, and approval of the 

activities in LEA plans in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements, which should 

address how the SEA will determine if LEA activities are aligned with the specific needs of the 

LEA and the SEA’s strategies described in its consolidated State plan. 

(2) The SEA’s plan to--

(i) Collect and use data and information, which may include input from 

stakeholders and data collected and reported under section 1111(h) of the Act, 

to assess the quality of SEA and LEA implementation of strategies and 

progress toward meeting the desired program outcomes; 

(ii) Monitor SEA and LEA implementation of included programs using the data in 

paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section to ensure compliance with statutory and 

regulatory requirements; and 

(iii)Continuously improve SEA and LEA plans and implementation; and 

(3) The SEA’s plan to provide differentiated technical assistance to LEAs and schools to 

support effective implementation of SEA, LEA, and other subgrantee strategies.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0576)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3, 3474, 7842)

§ 299.16 Academic assessments.

(a) In its consolidated State plan, if the State administers end-of-course mathematics 

assessments to high school students to meet the requirements under section 

1111(b)(2)(B)(v)(I)(bb) of the Act and uses the exception for students in eighth grade to take 

such assessments under section 1111(b)(2)(C) of the Act, describe how the State is complying 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

388

with the requirements of section 1111(b)(2)(C) and applicable regulations; and

(b) In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe how the State is complying 

with the requirements related to assessments in languages other than English consistent with 

section 1111(b)(2)(F) of the Act and applicable regulations. 

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0576)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3, 3474, 7842)

§ 299.17 Accountability, support, and improvement for schools.

(a) Long-term goals. In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must provide its baseline, 

measurements of interim progress, and long-term goals and describe how it established its 

ambitious long-term goals and measurements of interim progress, for academic achievement, 

graduation rates, and English language proficiency, and its State-determined timeline for 

attaining such goals, consistent with the requirements in section 1111(c)(4)(A) of the Act and § 

200.13.

(b) Accountability system. In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe its 

statewide accountability system consistent with the requirements of section 1111(c) of the Act 

and § 200.12, including--

(1) The measures included in each of the indicators under § 200.14(b) and how those 

measures meet the requirements described in section 1111(c)(4)(B) of the Act and 

§ 200.14; 

(2) The subgroups of students from each major racial and ethnic group, consistent 

with § 200.16(a)(2), and any additional subgroups of students used in the 

accountability system; 

(3) If applicable, the statewide uniform procedures for:

(i) Former children with disabilities in the children with disabilities subgroup

consistent with § 200.16(b);

(ii) Former English learners in the English learner subgroup consistent with § 

200.16(c)(1); and 

(iii)Recently arrived English learners in the State to determine if an exception 

applies to an English learner consistent with section 1111(b)(3) of the Act 

and § 200.16(c)(3) and (4);

(4) The minimum number of students that the State determines are necessary to be 

included in each of the subgroups of students consistent with § 200.17(a)(2) and 

(3); 

(5) The State’s system for meaningfully differentiating all public schools in the State, 

including public charter schools, consistent with the requirements of section 

1111(c)(4)(C) of the Act and § 200.18, including—

(i) The distinct and discrete levels of school performance, and how they are 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

389

calculated, under § 200.18(a)(2) on each indicator in the statewide 

accountability system; 

(ii) The weighting of each indicator, including how certain indicators receive 

substantial weight individually and much greater weight in the aggregate, 

consistent with § 200.18(b) and (c)(1)-(2); 

(iii)The summative determinations, including how they are calculated, that are 

provided to schools under § 200.18(a)(4); and

(iv)How the system for meaningful differentiation and the methodology for 

identifying schools under § 200.19 will ensure that schools with low 

performance on substantially weighted indicators are more likely to be 

identified for comprehensive support and improvement or targeted support 

and improvement, consistent with § 200.18(c)(3) and (d)(1)(ii);

(6) How the State is factoring the requirement for 95 percent student participation in 

assessments into its system of annual meaningful differentiation of schools 

consistent with the requirements of § 200.15; 

(7) The State’s uniform procedure for averaging data, including combining data 

across school years, combining data across grades, or both, as defined in § 

200.20(a), if applicable; 

(8) If applicable, how the State includes all public schools in the State in its 

accountability system if it is different from the methodology described in 

paragraph (b)(5), consistent with § 200.18(d)(1)(iii). 

(c) Identification of schools. In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe--

(1) The methodologies, including the timeline, by which the State identifies schools 

for comprehensive support and improvement under section 1111(c)(4)(D)(i) of 

the Act and § 200.19(a), including:

(i) Lowest-performing schools; 

(ii) Schools with low high school graduation rates; and 

(iii)Schools with chronically low-performing subgroups;

(2) The uniform statewide exit criteria for schools identified for comprehensive 

support and improvement established by the State, including the number of years 

over which schools are expected to meet such criteria, under section 

1111(d)(3)(A)(i) of the Act and consistent with the requirements in § 

200.21(f)(1);

(3) The State’s methodology for identifying any school with a “consistently 

underperforming” subgroup of students, including the definition and time period 

used by the State to determine consistent underperformance, under § 200.19(b)(1) 

and (c); 

(4) The State’s methodology, including the timeline, for identifying schools with 

low-performing subgroups of students under § 200.19(b)(2) and (d) that must 

receive additional targeted support in accordance with section 1111(d)(2)(C) of 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

390

the Act; and

(5) The uniform exit criteria, established by the SEA, for schools participating under 

title I, part A with low-performing subgroups of students established by the State, 

including the number of years over which schools are expected to meet such 

criteria, consistent with the requirements in § 200.22(f).

(d) State support and improvement for low-performing schools. In its consolidated State 

plan, each SEA must describe--

(1) How the SEA will meet its responsibilities, consistent with the requirements 

described in § 200.24(d) under section 1003 of the Act, including the process to 

award school improvement funds to LEAs and monitoring and evaluating the use 

of funds by LEAs; 

(2) The technical assistance it will provide to each LEA in the State serving a 

significant number or percentage of schools identified for comprehensive or 

targeted support and improvement, including how it will provide technical 

assistance to LEAs to ensure the effective implementation of evidence-based 

interventions, consistent with § 200.23(b), and, if applicable, the list of Stateapproved, evidence-based interventions for use in schools implementing 

comprehensive or targeted support and improvement plans consistent with § 

200.23(c)(2) and (3);

(3) The more rigorous interventions required for schools identified for comprehensive 

support and improvement that fail to meet the State’s exit criteria within a Statedetermined number of years consistent with section 1111(d)(3)(A)(i) of the Act 

and § 200.21(f)(3)(iii); and

(4) How the SEA will periodically review, identify, and, to the extent practicable, 

address any identified inequities in resources to ensure sufficient support for 

school improvement in each LEA in the State serving a significant number or 

percentage of schools identified for comprehensive or targeted support and 

improvement consistent with the requirements in section 1111(d)(3)(A)(ii) of the 

Act and § 200.23(a).

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0576)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3, 3747, 7842)

§ 299.18 Supporting excellent educators.

(a) Educator development, retention, and advancement. In its consolidated State plan, 

consistent with sections 2101 and 2102 of the Act, if an SEA intends to use funds under one or 

more of the included programs for this purpose, the SEA must describe--
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

391

(1) The State’s system of certification and licensing of teachers and principals or 

other school leaders;

(2) The State’s strategies to improve educator preparation programs consistent with 

section 2101(d)(2)(M) of the Act, particularly for educators of low-income and 

minority students; and

(3) The State's systems of professional growth and improvement, for educators that 

addresses induction, development, consistent with the definition of professional 

development in section 8101(42) of the Act, compensation, and advancement for 

teachers, principals, and other school leaders which may also include how the 

SEA will work with LEAs in the State to develop or implement systems of 

professional growth and improvement, consistent with 2102(b)(2)(B) of the Act,

or State or local teacher, principal, or other school leader evaluation and support 

systems consistent with section 2101(c)(4)(B)(ii) of the Act. 

(b) Support for educators. (1) In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe 

how it will use title II, part A funds and funds from other included programs, consistent with 

allowable uses of funds provided under those programs, to support State-level strategies 

designed to:

(i) Increase student achievement consistent with the challenging State 

academic standards;

(ii) Improve the quality and effectiveness of teachers, principals, and other 

school leaders;

(iii)Increase the number of teachers, principals, and other school leaders who 

are effective in improving student academic achievement in schools; and

(iv)Provide low-income and minority students greater access to effective 

teachers, principals, and other school leaders consistent with the 

provisions described in paragraph (c) of this section.

(2) In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe how the SEA will improve 

the skills of teachers, principals, or other school leaders in identifying students 

with specific learning needs and providing instruction based on the needs of such 

students consistent with section 2101(d)(2)(J) of the Act. 

(c) Educator equity. (1) Each SEA must describe, consistent with section 1111(g)(1)(B) 

of the Act, whether low-income and minority students enrolled in schools that receive funds 

under title I, part A of the Act are taught at different rates by ineffective, out-of-field, or 

inexperienced teachers compared to non-low-income and non-minority students enrolled in 

schools not receiving funds under title I, part A of the Act in accordance with paragraph (c)(3) of 

this section. 

(2) For the purposes of this section, each SEA must establish and provide in its State 

plan a different definition, using distinct criteria, for each of the terms included in 

paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section--

(i) A statewide definition of “ineffective teacher”, or statewide guidelines for 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

392

LEA definitions of “ineffective teacher”, that differentiates between 

categories of teachers and provides useful information about educator 

equity;

(ii) A statewide definition of “out-of-field teacher” consistent with § 200.37 

that provides useful information about educator equity;

(iii)A statewide definition of “inexperienced teacher” consistent with § 200.37 

that provides useful information about educator equity; 

(iv)A statewide definition of “low-income student”;

(v) A statewide definition of “minority student” that includes, at a minimum, 

race, color, and national origin, consistent with title VI of the Civil Rights 

Act of 1964; and

(vi)Such other definitions for any other key terms that a State elects to define 

and use for the purpose of meeting the requirements in paragraph (c)(1) of 

this section.

(3) For the purpose of the required description under paragraph (c)(1) of this section-

-

(i) Rates. Each SEA must annually calculate, using student-level data, except 

as permitted under § 299.13(d)(3), the statewide rates at which--

(A)Low-income students enrolled in schools receiving funds under title I, 

part A of the Act, are taught by--

(1) Ineffective teachers; 

(2) Out-of-field teachers; and 

(3) Inexperienced teachers; and

(B) Non-low-income students enrolled in schools not receiving funds 

under title I, part A of the Act, are taught by--

(1) Ineffective teachers; 

(2) Out-of-field teachers; and

(3) Inexperienced teachers; and

(C) Minority students enrolled in schools receiving funds under title I, part 

A of the Act are taught by--

(1) Ineffective teachers;

(2) Out-of-field teachers; and

(3) Inexperienced teachers; and

(D) Non-minority students enrolled in schools not receiving funds under 

title I, part A of the Act are taught by--

(1) Ineffective teachers;

(2) Out-of-field teachers; and

(3) Inexperienced teachers.

(ii) Other rates. Each SEA may annually calculate and report statewide at the 

student level, except as permitted under § 299.13(d)(3), the rates at which 

students represented by any other key terms that a State elects to define 

and use for the purpose of this section are taught by ineffective teachers, 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

393

out-of-field teachers, and inexperienced teachers.

(iii) Statewide differences in rates. Each SEA must calculate the differences, 

if any, between the rates calculated in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(A) and (B), and 

between the rates calculated in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(C) and (D) of this 

section.

(4) Each SEA must provide the Web address or URL of or a direct link to where it 

will publish and annually update the rates and differences in rates calculated 

under paragraph (c)(3) of this section and report on the rates and differences in 

rates in the manner described in § 299.13(c)(1)(iii), consistent with the Family 

Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1232g, and applicable 

regulations.

(5) Each SEA that describes, under paragraph (c)(1) of this section, that low-income 

or minority students enrolled in schools receiving funds under title I, part A of 

this Act are taught at higher rates, which are rates where any of the statewide 

differences in rates calculated under paragraph (c)(3)(iii) is greater than zero, by 

ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced teachers must--

(i) Describe the likely causes (e.g., teacher shortages, working conditions, 

school leadership, compensation, or other causes), which may vary across 

districts or schools, of the most significant statewide differences in rates 

described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section including by identifying 

whether those differences in rates reflect gaps between districts, within 

districts, and within schools; 

(ii) Provide its strategies, including timelines and Federal or non-Federal

funding sources, that are--

(A)Designed to address the likely causes of the most significant

differences in rates identified under paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section; 

and

(B) Prioritized to address the most significant differences in rates 

identified under paragraph (c)(1) of this section as identified by the 

SEA, including by prioritizing strategies to support any schools 

identified for comprehensive or targeted support and improvement 

under § 200.19 that are contributing to those differences in rates; and 

(iii) Describe its timelines and interim targets for eliminating all differences in 

rates identified under paragraph (c)(1). 

(6) To meet the requirements of section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the Act, an SEA may--

(i) Direct an LEA, including an LEA that contributes to the differences in 

rates described by the SEA in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, to use a 

portion of its title II, part A, funds in a manner that is consistent with 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

394

allowable activities identified in section 2103(b) of the Act to provide 

low-income and minority students greater access to effective teachers,

principals, and other school leaders; and

(ii) Require an LEA to describe in its title II, part A plan or consolidated local 

plan how it will use title II, part A funds to address differences in rates 

described by the SEA in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and deny an 

LEA’s application for title II, part A funds if an LEA fails to describe how 

it will address such differences in rates or fails to meet other local 

application requirements applicable to title II, part A.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0576)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3, 3474, 7842)

§ 299.19 Supporting all students.

(a) Well-rounded and supportive education for students. (1) In its consolidated State 

plan, each SEA must describe how it will use title IV, part A funds and funds from other 

included programs, consistent with allowable uses of funds provided under those programs, to 

support State-level strategies and LEA use of funds designed to ensure that all children have a 

significant opportunity to meet challenging State academic standards and career and technical 

standards, as applicable, and attain, at a minimum, a regular high school diploma consistent with 

§ 200.34. This description must: 

(i) Address the State’s strategies and how it will support LEAs to support the 

continuum of a student’s education from preschool through grade 12, including 

transitions from early childhood education to elementary school, elementary 

school to middle school, middle school to high school, and high school to postsecondary education and careers, in order to support appropriate promotion 

practices and decrease the risk of students dropping out;

(ii) Address the State’s strategies and how it will support LEAs to provide equitable 

access to a well-rounded education and rigorous coursework in subjects in which 

female students, minority students, English learners, children with disabilities, or 

low-income students are underrepresented, such as English, reading/language arts, 

writing, science, technology, engineering, mathematics, foreign languages, civics 

and government, economics, arts, history, geography, computer science, music, 

career and technical education, health, or physical education; and 

(iii)Describe how, when developing its State strategies in paragraph (1) and, as 

applicable, paragraph (2), the SEA considered the academic and non-academic 

needs of the subgroups of students in its State including: 

(A) Low-income students.

(B) Lowest-achieving students.

(C) English learners. 

(D) Children with disabilities.
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

395

(E) Children and youth in foster care. 

(F) Migratory children, including preschool migratory children and migratory 

children who have dropped out of school. 

(G) Homeless children and youths. 

(H) Neglected, delinquent, and at-risk students identified under title I, part D 

of the Act, including students in juvenile justice facilities. 

(I) Immigrant children and youth. 

(J) Students in LEAs eligible for grants under the Rural and Low-Income 

School program under section 5221 of the Act. 

(K) American Indian and Alaska Native students.

(2) If an SEA intends to use title IV, part A funds or funds from other included programs 

for the activities that follow, the description must address how the State strategies in this 

paragraph support the State-level strategies in paragraph (a)(1) of this section to: 

(i) Support LEAs to improve school conditions for student learning, including 

activities that create safe, healthy, and affirming school environments inclusive of 

all students to reduce—

(A)Incidents of bullying and harassment; 

(B) The overuse of discipline practices that remove students from the 

classroom, such as out-of-school suspensions and expulsions; and 

(C) The use of aversive behavioral interventions that compromise student 

health and safety;

(ii) Support LEAs to effectively use technology to improve the academic achievement 

and digital literacy of all students; and

(iii)Support LEAs to engage parents, families, and communities.

(b) Program-specific requirements--(1) Title I, part A. Each SEA must describe the 

process and criteria it will use to waive the 40 percent schoolwide poverty threshold under 

section 1114(a)(1)(B) of the Act submitted by an LEA on behalf of a school, including how the 

SEA will ensure that the schoolwide program will best serve the needs of the lowest-achieving 

students in the school.

(2) Title I, part C. Each SEA must describe--

(i) How the SEA and its local operating agencies (which may include LEAs) will—

(A)Establish and implement a system for the proper identification and 

recruitment of eligible migratory children on a statewide basis, including 

the identification and recruitment of preschool migratory children and 

migratory children who have dropped out of school, and how the SEA will 

verify and document the number of eligible migratory children aged 3 

through 21 residing in the State on an annual basis; 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

396

(B) Identify the unique educational needs of migratory children, including 

preschool migratory children and migratory children who have dropped 

out of school, and other needs that must be met in order for migratory 

children to participate effectively in school; 

(C) Ensure that the unique educational needs of migratory children, including 

preschool migratory children and migratory children who have dropped 

out of school, and other needs that must be met in order for migratory 

children to participate effectively in school, are addressed through the full 

range of services that are available for migratory children from appropriate 

local, State, and Federal educational programs; and 

(D)Use funds received under title I, part C to promote interstate and intrastate 

coordination of services for migratory children, including how the State 

will provide for educational continuity through the timely transfer of 

pertinent school records, including information on health, when children 

move from one school to another, whether or not such move occurs during 

the regular school year (i.e., use of the Migrant Student Information 

Exchange (MSIX), among other vehicles); 

(ii) The unique educational needs of the State’s migratory children, including 

preschool migratory children and migratory children who have dropped out of 

school, and other needs that must be met in order for migratory children to 

participate effectively in school, based on the State’s most recent comprehensive 

needs assessment; 

(iii) The current measurable program objectives and outcomes for title I, part C, and 

the strategies the SEA will pursue on a statewide basis to achieve such objectives 

and outcomes;

(iv) How it will ensure there is consultation with parents of migratory children, 

including parent advisory councils, at both the State and local level, in the 

planning and operation of title I, part C programs that span not less than one 

school year in duration, consistent with section 1304(c)(3) of the Act; 

(v) Its priorities for the use of title I, part C funds, specifically related to the needs of 

migratory children with “priority for services” under 1304(d) of the Act, 

including:

(A) What measures and sources of data the SEA, and if applicable, its local 

operating agencies, which may include LEAs, will use to identify those 

migratory children who are a priority for services; and 

(B) When and how the SEA will communicate those determinations to all 

local operating agencies, which may include LEAs, in the State.

(3) Title I, part D. In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must include:

(i) A plan for assisting in the transition of children and youth between correctional 

facilities and locally operated programs; and

(ii) A description of the program objectives and outcomes established by the State 
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

397

that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the program in improving the 

academic, career, and technical skills of children in the program, including the 

knowledge and skills needed to earn a regular high school diploma and make a 

successful transition to postsecondary education, career and technical education, 

or employment. 

(4) Title III, part A. (i) Each SEA must describe its standardized entrance and exit 

procedures for English learners, consistent with section 3113(b)(2) of the Act. These procedures 

must include valid and reliable, objective criteria that are applied consistently across the State. 

(ii) At a minimum, the standardized exit criteria must—

(A)Include a score of proficient on the State’s annual English language 

proficiency assessment;

(B) Be the same criteria used for exiting students from the English learner 

subgroup for title I reporting and accountability purposes; and

(C) Not include performance on an academic content assessment. 

(5) Title IV, part B. In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe, consistent 

with the strategies identified in (a)(1) of this section and to the extent permitted under applicable 

law and regulations: 

(i) How it will use title IV, part B funds, and

other Federal funds to support State-level strategies and

(ii) The processes, procedures, and priorities used to award subgrants.

(6) Title V, part B, subpart 2. In its consolidated State plan, each SEA must provide its 

specific measurable program objectives and outcomes related to activities under the Rural and 

Low-Income School program, if applicable.

(7) McKinney-Vento Education for Homeless Children and Youths program. In its 

consolidated State plan, each SEA must describe--

(i) The procedures it will use to identify homeless children and youths in the State 

and assess their needs; 

(ii) Programs for school personnel (including liaisons designated under section 

722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, as amended, 

principals and other school leaders, attendance officers, teachers, enrollment 

personnel, and specialized instructional support personnel) to heighten the 

awareness of such school personnel of the specific needs of homeless children and 

youths, including such children and youths who are runaway and homeless 

youths;

(iii)Its procedures to ensure that—

(A)Disputes regarding the educational placement of homeless children and 

youths are promptly resolved;
NOTE: Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress has passed, and the President has signed, 

a resolution of disapproval of the accountability and State plans final regulations that were 

published on November 29, 2016 (81 FR 86076). The resolution of disapproval invalidates the 

accountability and State plan final regulations which are no longer applicable.

398

(B) Youths described in section 725(2) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 

Assistance Act, as amended, and youths separated from the public schools

are identified and accorded equal access to appropriate secondary 

education and support services, including by identifying and removing 

barriers that prevent youths described in this paragraph from receiving 

appropriate credit for full or partial coursework satisfactorily completed 

while attending a prior school, in accordance with State, local, and school 

policies; 

(C) Homeless children and youths have access to public preschool programs, 

administered by the SEA or LEA, as provided to other children in the 

State;

(D)Homeless children and youths who meet the relevant eligibility criteria do 

not face barriers to accessing academic and extracurricular activities; and

(E) Homeless children and youths who meet the relevant eligibility criteria are 

able to participate in Federal, State, and local nutrition programs; and

(iv) Its strategies to address problems with respect to the education of homeless 

children and youths, including problems resulting from enrollment delays and 

retention, consistent with sections 722(g)(1)(H) and (I) of the McKinney-Vento 

Homeless Assistance Act, as amended. 

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1810-0576)

(Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3, 3474, 7842)