THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA 

In The Supreme Court 

Clifford Thompson, Petitioner, 

v. 

State of South Carolina, Respondent. 

Appellate Case No. 2014-001984 

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEALS 

Appeal From Berkeley County 

R. Markley Dennis, Jr., Circuit Court Judge 

Opinion No. 27610 

Heard October 21, 2015 – Filed March 2, 2016 

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART 

Lindsey S.Vann, of Columbia, for Petitioner. 

Attorney General Alan McCrory Wilson, Chief Deputy 

Attorney General John W. McIntosh, and Assistant 

Attorney General Marcie E. Greene, all of Columbia, for 

Respondent. 

ACTING JUSTICE TOAL: Clifford Thompson appeals the court of appeals' 

decision in Thompson v. State, 409 S.C. 386, 762 S.E.2d 51 (Ct. App. 2014), 

affirming the circuit court's refusal to grant Thompson's request for declaratory 
 

judgments finding that: (1) his kidnapping offenses did not involve a sexual 

element; and (2) Thompson would not need to register as a sex offender upon his 

release from prison in 2020. We reverse in part, and affirm in part. 

FACTS/PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 

From 1998 to 2000, an armed perpetrator committed six robberies of hotels 

in Lexington, Richland, Berkeley, and Charleston counties. During each of these 

robberies, the perpetrator entered the hotel, held the clerk at gunpoint, restrained 

the clerk with either duct tape or rope, and stole money out of the hotel safe and 

till. After an investigation, the police arrested Thompson for these robberies, and a 

grand jury indicted Thompson on multiple counts of armed robbery and 

kidnapping.1 

In 2001, Thompson pled guilty to six counts of armed robbery and four 

counts of kidnapping. At the time of the plea, the circuit court failed to make a 

finding that the four kidnapping offenses were not sexual in nature. See S.C. Code 

Ann. § 23-3-430(C)(15) (2007 & Supp. 2014) (stating that anyone convicted of 

kidnapping is considered a sex offender "except when the court makes a finding on 

the record that the offense did not include a criminal sexual offense or an 

attempted criminal sexual offense"). 

In 2009, after discovering that the South Carolina Department of Corrections 

(SCDC) classified him as a sex offender due to his kidnapping convictions, 

Thompson filed a petition for a declaratory judgment, requesting the court find that 

the kidnapping offenses were not sexual in nature, and did not require him to 

register as a sex offender pursuant to section 23-3-430(C)(15). The State moved 

the court to dismiss Thompson's action under Rules 12(b)(1) and (6), SCRCP, 

arguing that Thompson's petition was not yet ripe because sex offender registration 

requirements are determined solely by the law in effect at the time of an inmate’s 

release from prison, and Thompson would not be released until 2020. 

The circuit court granted the State's motion, finding that the action was not 

ripe. The court further found that Thompson was required to pursue administrative 

review within the SCDC in order to change his internal classification there. See 

Al-Shabazz v. State, 338 S.C. 354, 527 S.E.2d 742 (2000). The circuit court did 

not address Thompson's request that the court make a finding on the record that his 

1

 The kidnapping charges against Thompson stemmed solely from Thompson's 

alleged restraint of the clerks. 
kidnapping convictions were not sexual in nature. 

In a split decision, the court of appeals affirmed. Thompson, 409 S.C. 386, 

762 S.E.2d 51. Chief Judge Few, writing for the majority, found that "the circuit 

court properly determined no justiciable controversy existed and dismissed the 

action because the question of whether Thompson should be required to register as 

a sex offender is not ripe for adjudication." Id. at 388, 762 S.E.2d at 52. 

In dissent, Judge Thomas found that Thompson's claim presented a 

justiciable controversy because of the SCDC's current classification of Thompson 

as a sex offender, noting that the classification "could have immediate and harmful 

ramifications." Id. at 390–91, 762 S.E.2d at 53 (Thomas, J., dissenting). For 

example, Judge Thomas noted that because of his classification, Thompson was 

ineligible for substance abuse services and the ninety-day pre-release program. Id. 

at 391 n.7, 762 S.E.2d at 53 n.7 (Thomas, J., dissenting). Further, Judge Thomas 

found that the SCDC's classification of Thompson was a "direct result of the circuit 

court's finding or failure to make any finding, that the [kidnapping] offense was a 

criminal sexual offense," and that therefore "any attempt by Thompson to 

challenge his status as a sex offender through the inmate grievance process would 

be futile in that the [SCDC] is bound by the effect of the circuit court's decision 

regarding whether his kidnapping was sexual in nature." Id. at 391–92, 762 S.E.2d 

at 54 (Thomas, J., dissenting) (footnote omitted). 

We granted Thompson's petition for a writ of certiorari to review the court 

of appeals' decision. 

ISSUES 

I.	 Whether the circuit court may properly issue a declaratory 

judgment that Thompson's kidnapping offenses did not involve 

a sexual element? 

II.	 Whether the circuit court may properly issue a declaratory 

judgment that Thompson need not register as a sex offender 

upon his release from prison in 2020?
 

III.	 Whether the circuit court may properly address the SCDC's
 

classification of Thompson as a sex offender? 

ANALYSIS 
 

Pursuant to South Carolina's Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act (the 

Declaratory Judgment Act),2

 "[c]ourts of record within their respective 

jurisdictions shall have power to declare rights, status and other legal relations 

whether or not further relief is or could be claimed." S.C. Code Ann. § 15-53-20. 

"Any person . . . whose rights, status or other legal relations are affected by a 

statute . . . may have determined any question of construction or validity arising 

under the [] statute . . . and obtain a declaration of rights, status or other legal 

relations thereunder." Id. § 15-53-30.3 

"To state a cause of action under the Declaratory Judgment Act, a party must 

demonstrate a justiciable controversy." Sunset Cay, L.L.C. v. City of Folly Beach, 

357 S.C. 414, 423, 593 S.E.2d 462, 466 (2004). "'A justiciable controversy is a 

real and substantial controversy which is appropriate for judicial determination, as 

distinguished from a dispute or difference of a contingent, hypothetical or abstract 

character.'" Id. (quoting Power v. McNair, 255 S.C. 150, 154, 177 S.E.2d 551, 553 

(1970)); see also Peoples Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n of S.C. v. Res. Planning Corp., 

358 S.C. 460, 477, 596 S.E.2d 51, 60 (2004) (quoting Pee Dee Elec. Coop., Inc. v. 

Carolina Power & Light Co., 279 S.C. 64, 66, 301 S.E.2d 761, 762 (1983)). The 

Court should liberally construe the Declaratory Judgment Act so as "to accomplish 

its intended purpose of affording a speedy and inexpensive method of deciding 

legal disputes and of settling legal rights and relationships, without awaiting a 

violation of the rights or a disturbance of the relationships." Graham v. State Farm 

Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 319 S.C. 69, 71, 459 S.E.2d 844, 845 (1995). 

I. Character of Kidnapping Offenses 

2

 S.C. Code Ann. §§ 15-53-10 to -140 (2005 & Supp. 2014). 

3

 Section 23-3-430 is found in the portion of the South Carolina Code 

encompassing South Carolina's sex offender registry. As we have repeatedly 

stated, the sex offender registry is a civil requirement separate and apart from the 

criminal punishments associated with sexual offenses in this state. State v. Nation, 

408 S.C. 474, 481, 759 S.E.2d 428, 432 (2014) (citing In re Justin B., 405 S.C. 

391, 394, 404–08, 747 S.E.2d 774, 775, 781–83 (2013)). As such, a declaratory 

judgment, and not post-conviction relief (PCR), is the appropriate vehicle in which 

to address this matter. Cf. Williams v. Ozmint, 380 S.C. 473, 671 S.E.2d 600 

(2008) (stating that PCR is intended to address constitutional violations related to 

the criminal conviction (citing S.C. Code Ann. § 17-27-20(a) (2007))). 
 

Thompson contends that in his action for a declaratory judgment, he 

requested two declarations: (1) that his kidnapping offenses did not involve a 

sexual element (the first declaration); and (2) that therefore he would not have to 

register as a sex offender in the future (the second declaration). Thompson asserts 

that the circuit court and court of appeals ignored the first declaration in their 

respective order and opinion, and only addressed the second. We agree. 

During the hearing regarding the State's motion to dismiss, the circuit court 

stated that a criminal defendant must request the court make a finding on the 

record regarding the character of a kidnapping offense at the time of a guilty plea 

or jury verdict. The circuit court further stated that should the defendant fail to 

secure a finding at that time, he forever waives his right to assert that the 

kidnapping was not sexual in nature. 

"Procedural due process imposes constraints on governmental decisions 

which deprive individuals of liberty or property interests within the meaning of the 

Due Process Clause of the Fifth or Fourteenth Amendment of the United States 

Constitution." Kurschner v. City of Camden Planning Comm'n, 376 S.C. 165, 171, 

656 S.E.2d 346, 350 (2008). Fundamentally, due process requires notice, a 

meaningful opportunity to be heard, and judicial review. Id. 

We find that Thompson has been denied a meaningful opportunity to be 

heard on whether his kidnapping offenses were sexual in nature. Section 23-3-430 

is a civil statute, and we cannot imagine the General Assembly intended to allow a 

criminal defendant affected by section 23-3-430 the opportunity to be heard only 

during his criminal proceedings. While it is permissible—and even encouraged— 

for the sentencing court to determine the character of any kidnapping offenses at 

that time, the defendant is entitled to a meaningful opportunity to be heard on the 

matter at some point, because the civil consequences follow immediately after 

conviction, and not merely upon his release from prison.4 

4

 For example, as Judge Thomas noted in her dissent, Thompson is ineligible to 

receive substance abuse services while incarcerated, or to enroll in the ninety-day 

pre-release program (a program designed to help soon-to-be-released inmates 

reintegrate back into society). Thompson, 409 S.C. at 391 n.7, 762 S.E.2d at 53 n.7 

(Thomas, J., dissenting); see also Division of Behavioral Health and Substance 

Abuse Services, S.C. Dep't of Corrs., http://www.doc.sc.gov/programs/ 

substance.jsp (last visited Dec. 15, 2015). 
We therefore reverse the court of appeals' affirmance of the trial court's 

order with respect to the first declaration. On remand, Thompson and the State are 

entitled to a hearing to determine whether Thompson's kidnapping offenses were 

sexual in nature. At that hearing, the court should allow the victims' to testify if 

they so desire, and should consider the victims' opinions. 

II. Future Sex Offender Registration 

In Hazel v. State, we held that a person convicted of kidnapping could not 

challenge whether he was required to register as a sex offender until the date of his 

release from prison, because that issue is entirely dependent on the sex offender 

registry statute in existence at that time. 377 S.C. 60, 64, 659 S.E.2d 137, 139 

(2008) (detailing the history of the sex offender registry as it related to kidnapping 

offenses). Here, Thompson will not be released from prison until 2020. Because 

there is no way to determine whether the General Assembly will amend section 23-

3-430(C)(15) prior to 2020, a declaration that Thompson is not required to register 

as a sex offender in the future would be purely advisory. Thus, the second 

declaration does not present a justiciable controversy, and we affirm the court of 

appeals' decision with regards to the second declaration. 

III. SCDC Classification 

Because Thompson has not yet exhausted the SCDC's internal grievance 

procedures, we decline to address this issue. Al-Shabazz, 338 S.C. at 375, 527 

S.E.2d at 753 (finding that with respect to an inmate's sentence, sentence-related 

credits, or custody status, "[i]nitiating a grievance is a method an inmate uses to 

challenge such decisions within the prison system"). Once Thomson receives his 

requested hearing regarding the nature of his kidnapping offenses, and once he 

attempts to have the SCDC modify his classification through the grievance system, 

he may obtain judicial review of this issue. See id. 

CONCLUSION 

For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the court of appeals' decision 

affirming the circuit court's refusal to address whether Thompson's kidnapping 

offenses did not involve a sexual element, and remand for a hearing on this issue. 

However, because the issue of whether Thompson will be required to register as a 

sex offender upon his release from prison is not yet ripe, and because the SCDC's 

classification of Thompson as a sex offender in prison is subject to internal 

grievance procedures, we affirm the court of appeals' decision with respect to those 
two issues, and allow Thompson to file a grievance with the SCDC to become 

reclassified in the SCDC's system. 

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART. 

BEATTY, KITTREDGE, and HEARN, JJ., concur. PLEICONES, C.J., 

concurring in result only.