[Cite as Haley v. Bank of Am. Corp., 2012-Ohio-4824.]

Court of Appeals of Ohio

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA 

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION 

No. 98207

STEPHEN T. HALEY 

PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT 

vs. 

BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION, ET AL. 

DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES 

JUDGMENT: 

AFFIRMED

Civil Appeal from the 

Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas 

Case No. CV-750663 

BEFORE: Keough, J., Cooney, P.J., and E. Gallagher, J. 

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 18, 2012 
FOR APPELLANT

Stephen T. Haley, pro se 

c/o Joshua Caleb & Associates 

3867 Medina Road 

Suite 320 

Akron, OH 44333 

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES 

For Bank of America Corp.; BAC Field Services Corporation; BAC Home Loans 

Servicing, LP; Bank of America, N.A.; Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.; NB Holdings 

Corporation; Josh Alcorn; and Martha Fulgham-Sanchez 

Brooke Turner Bautista 

Candice L. Musiek 

James S. Wertheim 

McGlinchey Stafford, PLLC 

25550 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 406 

Cleveland, OH 44122 

For First American Default Information Services, LLC

Benjamin D. Carnahan 

Thomas A. Barni 

Dinn, Hochman & Potter 

5910 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 200 

Cleveland, OH 44124 

For Maxim Enterprises, Inc.

Sidney N. Freeman 

Robert McNamara 

McNamara, Demzyk & Dehaven Co. 

12370 Cleveland Avenue, N.W. 

P.O. Box 867 

Uniontown, OH 44685 

For Ohio Secretary of State 

Michael DeWine 
Attorney General 

BY: Michael J. Schuler 

Assistant Attorney General 

Constitutional Offices Section 

30 East Broad Street, 16th Floor 

Columbus, OH 43215 

For Nomad Preservation, Inc. 

Nomad Preservation, Inc. 

520 S. Main Street 

Suite 2436A 

Akron, OH 44311 
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J.: 

{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant Stephen T. Haley (“Haley”) appeals from the trial court’s 

judgment granting defendants-appellees Bank of America and Nomad Preservation, Inc.’s 

motions to dismiss Haley’s complaint for declaratory judgment. For the reasons that 

follow, we affirm. 

 Background 

{¶2} According to the complaint, Countrywide Field Services Corporation 

(“Countrywide”) hired Maxim Enterprises, Inc. (“Maxim”) to inspect and preserve its real 

properties; Maxim, in turn, hired subcontractors to do the work. When Countrywide did 

not pay Maxim, Maxim did not pay the subcontractors. Some of the subcontractors then 

assigned their rights to Haley, and he agreed to pursue their claims against Maxim for a 

share in the recovery. 

{¶3} Maxim subsequently sued Haley in Summit County, alleging that the 

assignments were invalid. Maxim Ent., Inc. v. Haley, Summit C.P. No. CV 

2008-07-5093. Haley filed a third-party complaint against Countrywide and, because 

Countrywide had been purchased by Bank of America, he named Bank of America in his 

complaint. When Bank of America did not answer, Haley obtained a default judgment 

against the bank. 

{¶4} He also entered into a settlement agreement in the Summit County case with 

Maxim, whereby Maxim assigned to Haley its rights to its past due accounts receivables 

and Haley dismissed his claims against Maxim. 

{¶5} Bank of America subsequently moved to vacate the default judgment 
against it, arguing that Haley had not named the correct entity. The trial court granted 

Bank of America’s motion, and Haley’s subsequent appeal of the trial court’s judgment 

was dismissed. Maxim Ent., Inc. v. Haley, 9th Dist. No. 25459, 2011-Ohio-6612. The 

Maxim litigation is currently pending in Summit County. 

{¶6} Nomad Preservation, Inc. (f.k.a. KDS Property Services, LLC) likewise 

provided home preservation services through subcontractors to Countrywide, and 

subsequently, Bank of America. In 2010, Haley, as a creditor of Nomad, filed suit in 

Summit County against Nomad and was eventually awarded a judgment of over $1 

million. Haley v. Nomad Preservation, Inc., Summit C.P. No. CV 2010-07-4748. 

According to Haley’s complaint in this matter, Bank of America is holding property that 

could be used to satisfy his judgment against Nomad, but has played a “shell-game” as to 

which of the many former Countrywide and present Bank of America subsidiaries are 

liable to Nomad, and has refused to provide discovery that would demonstrate what entity 

should be sued and what property held by Bank of America could be used to satisfy 

Haley’s judgment. The Nomad litigation is still pending in Summit County. 

{¶7} In March 2011, Haley filed a complaint for declaratory judgment in 

Cuyahoga County against defendants-appellees Bank of America Corporation, BAC Field 

Services Corporation, BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP, Bank of America N.A., Merrill 

Lynch & Co., Inc., NB Holdings Corporation, Josh Alcorn, and Martha Fulgham-Sanchez 

(collectively herein “Bank of America”). Haley’s complaint also sought declaratory 

judgment against defendants-appellees Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted, as well as 

First American Default Information Services LLC, Maxim, and Nomad. 
{¶8} Haley brought his complaint pursuant to R.C. 2721.03, which states that 

[A]ny person interested under a deed, will, written contract, or other writing 

constituting a contract or any person whose rights, status, or other legal 

relations are affected by a * * * contract, * * * may have determined any 

question of construction or validity arising under the instrument * * * and 

obtain a declaration of rights, status, or other legal relations under it. 

{¶9} With respect to the Bank of America defendants, Haley sought to have the 

trial court (1) interpret the terms of the settlement agreement between him and Maxim; 

(2) declare that Bank of America can be sued by Haley and any Ohio citizen simply by 

naming “Bank of America,” instead of observing Bank of America’s corporate structure 

regarding its various entities; (3) declare that Bank of America is liable to Maxim and 

Nomad, and therefore Haley, for past due accounts receivables and improperly-withheld 

chargebacks to the subcontractors; (4) declare for various reasons that Bank of America, 

Alcorn, and Fulgham-Sanchez committed fraud against the courts and citizens of Ohio; 

and (5) instruct Haley on the use of Ohio Civil Rules 69 and 4.2(F) to collect on the 

judgment he obtained against Nomad. Although Haley named Ohio Secretary of State 

Jon Husted as a defendant, Haley did not seek any declaration regarding the secretary of 

state in his prayers for relief. 

{¶10} Bank of America and the secretary of state subsequently filed motions to 

dismiss pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6), which the trial court granted. Haley dismissed his 

claims against the remaining defendants and now appeals from the trial court’s judgments 

granting the motions to dismiss. 

 Analysis 

{¶11} A complaint for declaratory judgment is properly dismissed if (1) there is no 
real controversy or justiciable issue between the parties, or (2) the declaratory judgment 

will not terminate the uncertainty or controversy. Cleveland Elec. Illum. Co. v. Better 

Meat Prods. Co., 8th Dist. No. 74495, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 3248 (July 8, 1999), citing 

Miller v. Summit Cty. Bd. of Edn., 9th Dist. No. 15847, 1993 Ohio App LEXIS 2056 

(Apr. 7, 1993). 

{¶12} For purposes of a declaratory judgment action, a “controversy” exists “when 

there is a genuine dispute between parties having adverse legal interests of sufficient 

immediacy and reality to warrant the issuance of a declaratory judgment.” Wagner v. 

Cleveland, 62 Ohio App.3d 8, 13, 574 N.E.2d 533 (8th Dist.1988), citing Burger Brewing 

Co. v. Liquor Control Comm., 34 Ohio St.2d 93, 296 N.E.2d 261 (1973). 

{¶13} A trial court’s determination regarding the justiciability of a declaratory 

judgment action is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Arnott v. Arnott, 132 Ohio St.3d 

401, 2012-Ohio-3208, 972 N.E.2d 586, ¶ 13. “Abuse of discretion” implies an 

unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable attitude. State ex rel. Cooker Restaurant 

Corp. v. Montgomery Cty. Bd. of Elections, 80 Ohio St.3d 302, 305, 1997-Ohio-315, 686 

N.E.2d 238. 

A. Bank of America 

{¶14} In his first assignment of error, Haley argues that the trial court erred in 

granting Bank of America’s motion to dismiss because there are “justiciable 

controversies” between the parties that preclude dismissal. He asserts that the 

“controversies” that entitle him to declaratory relief are (1) the settlement agreement 

between him and Maxim in the Maxim Litigation in Summit County, and (2) the 
judgment he obtained against Nomad in the Nomad Litigation. 

{¶15} But the settlement agreement in the Maxim Litigation was entered into 

between Haley and Maxim — not with Bank of America — and the case is still ongoing. 

Furthermore, Haley filed a third-party complaint against Bank of America in the Maxim 

Litigation related to monies the bank allegedly owes to Maxim. Generally, courts will 

not entertain a declaratory judgment action as to questions that are present in a pending 

action between the same parties. Price v. Dempsey, 68 Ohio App. 136, 138, 636 N.E.2d 

533 (8th Dist.1941). Because Haley’s claim for declaratory judgment regarding the 

settlement agreement does not involve the construction of a contract to which Bank of 

America is a party, and because the same issues are pending in other litigation, there is no 

controversy or issue regarding the settlement agreement suitable for declaratory 

judgment. 

{¶16} Nor does Haley’s judgment against Nomad in the Nomad Litigation create 

any controversy between him and Bank of America for declaratory judgment. Haley 

asked the trial court for guidance on using the Ohio Civil Rules to collect his judgment. 

But “interpretation of procedural rules is not a valid function of a declaratory judgment 

action.” Galloway v. Horkulic, 7th Dist. No. 02 JE 52, 2003-Ohio-5145, ¶27. 

Furthermore, a declaratory judgment action is inappropriate where resolution depends 

upon a determination of facts at issue in a pending action. Therapy Partners of Am., Inc.

v. Health Providers, Inc., 129 Ohio App.3d 572, 578, 718 N.E.2d 518 (9th Dist.1998). 

The Nomad Litigation is still pending in Summit County and hence any collection issues, 

or issues relating to discovery from Bank of America regarding property it holds that 
could satisfy Haley’s judgment against Nomad, are properly raised there. 

{¶17} In short, Haley’s claims fail to meet the pleading requirements to establish a 

complaint for declaratory judgment. As set forth in R.C. 2721.03, the Declaratory 

Judgment Act contemplates a written contract or other writing for the court to interpret as 

to the rights and obligations of the parties thereto. None of Haley’s claims are based 

upon written documents between him and any Bank of America defendants; hence, they 

are not appropriate for declaratory judgment under R.C. 2721.03. Furthermore, Haley’s 

other claims are related to issues in the pending Maxim and Nomad cases in Summit 

County and therefore should be resolved there. 

{¶18} Finally, there is no private right of action for Haley’s request that the court 

declare pursuant to R.C. 1329.10(C) that “all Ohio citizens” with claims against 

Countrywide may simply sue “Bank of America,” without regard for Bank of America’s 

corporate structure. R.C. 1329.10 states that Ohio’s attorney general may seek 

injunctions against users of trade or fictitious names who fail to comply with the 

registration requirements of R.C. 1329.01 or 1329.07; it makes no provision for a private 

right of action such as that asserted by Haley. Furthermore, Haley is not an attorney. 

Thus, any attempt to bring claims on behalf of anyone other than himself is the 

unauthorized practice of law and prohibited. Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Washington, 107 

Ohio St.3d 90, 2005-Ohio-5978, 836 N.E.2d 1212, ¶ 6. 

{¶19} Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting Bank of 

America’s motion to dismiss. The first assignment of error is overruled. 

{¶20} In his third assignment of error, Haley contends that the trial court erred in 
dismissing Bank of America because it is a necessary party to the action for declaratory 

judgment. Haley failed to raise this argument in the trial court and therefore has waived 

it for purposes of review. In re Gibson, 61 Ohio St.3d 168, 171, 573 N.E.2d 1074 (1991) 

(party’s failure to raise argument in trial court waives the argument on appeal); Cross v. 

Cross, 12th Dist. No. CA2008-07-015, 2009-Ohio-1309 (“It is axiomatic that failing to 

raise an issue at the trial court level waives any error on appeal.”) The third assignment 

of error is therefore overruled. 

B. Ohio Secretary of State 

{¶21} In his second assignment of error, Haley contends that the trial court erred in 

granting the Ohio secretary of state’s motion to dismiss. We find no abuse of discretion 

in the trial court’s judgment. 

{¶22} Haley’s complaint lacked any factual allegations regarding the secretary of 

state, nor did it seek any declaration regarding the secretary of state in its prayers for 

relief. Hence, the complaint failed to demonstrate any actual controversy between Haley 

and the secretary of state suitable for declaratory judgment. “[A] plaintiff must concisely 

set forth operative facts sufficient to give ‘fair notice of the nature of the action.’” 

McIntyre v. Rice, 8th Dist. No. 81339, 2003-Ohio-3940, ¶ 15, quoting DeVore v. Mut. of 

Omaha, 32 Ohio App.2d 36, 38, 288 N.E.2d 202 (7th Dist.1972). While 

[a] plaintiff is not required to allege every fact in her complaint that she 

intends to prove, * * * the complaint must contain either direct allegations 

on every material point necessary to sustain a recovery on any legal theory * 

* * or contain allegations from which an inference fairly may be drawn that 

evidence on these material points will be introduced at trial. 

Id.
{¶23} Here, the only reference to the secretary of state in Haley’s complaint was 

Haley’s assertion that “the Ohio [secretary of state] regulates the defendant corporations 

named in the Complaint.” Haley made no assertion that the secretary of state had failed 

to regulate the corporations named in his complaint, did not allege any facts to 

demonstrate that he suffered any injury by the secretary of state’s alleged failure to 

regulate the defendants, and made no request in any of his prayers for declaratory relief 

pertaining to the secretary of state. Hence, he failed to demonstrate the existence of any 

genuine dispute or controversy between him and the secretary of state to warrant 

declaratory judgment and, therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in 

dismissing the complaint as to the secretary of state. 

{¶24} Haley contends that the trial court erred, however, because the secretary of 

state is a necessary party to this action. He argues that he asked the trial court to construe 

R.C. Chapter 1703, which requires foreign corporations such as Bank of America to 

register in Ohio, and “[t]he Secretary of State is charged with the administration of 

Chapter 1703 and has a legal interest in the judgment declaring the application of Chapter 

1703.” 

{¶25} Haley’s argument is without merit. Federally-chartered banks such as Bank 

of America are exempt from the licensing requirements of R.C. 1703.01 through 1703.31. 

See R.C. 1703.031. Furthermore, the secretary of state is not charged with enforcement 

of R.C. Chapter 1703. Accordingly, the secretary of state is not a necessary party to this 

action and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting the secretary of state’s 

motion to dismiss. The second assignment of error is therefore overruled. 
{¶26} Affirmed. 

It is ordered that appellees recover from appellant costs herein taxed. 

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into 

execution. 

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of 

the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, JUDGE 

COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, P.J., and 

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR