U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Evaluation of Borehole Geophysical and Video Logs,

at Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township,

Monroe County, Pennsylvania

by Dennis J. Low and Randall W. Conger

Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4173

In cooperation with the

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

New Cumberland, Pennsylvania

2001
ii

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GALE A. NORTON, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Charles G. Groat, Director

For additional information Copies of this report may be

write to: purchased from:

District Chief U.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services

215 Limekiln Road Box 25286

New Cumberland, Pennsylvania 17070-2424 Denver, Colorado 80225-0286
iii

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Location and physiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Hydrogeology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Borehole geophysical and video logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Evaluation of borehole geophysical and video logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

MO-631 (RW8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

MO-632 (RW10). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

MO-633 (RW12). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

MO-634 (RW14). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

MO-635 (RW18). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

MO-636 (RW23). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

MO-637 (RW39). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

MO-638 (RW43). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

MO-639 (RW50). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

MO-640 (RW52). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

MO-641 (R1_1A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

MO-642 (R1S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

MO-643 (R1D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

MO-644 (R2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

MO-645 (R3S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

MO-646 (R3D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

MO-647 (R4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

MO-648 (R5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

MO-649 (R6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

MO-651 (PW-A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

MO-652 (PW-B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

MO-653 (PW-C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

MO-654 (PW-D). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

MO-685 (R7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

MO-686 (R8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

MO-687 (R9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

MO-688 (R11B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

References cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

CONTENTS

Page
iv

Figure 1. Locations of landfill and boreholes logged in and adjacent to the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2-3. Graphs showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping conditions within boreholes, Butz Landfill Superfund Site:

2. MO-631 (RW8), collected on April 3, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3. MO-632 (RW10), collected on March 29, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4. Graph showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-633 (RW12), collected

on April 2, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5-7. Graphs showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping conditions within:

5. MO-634 (RW14), collected on April 4, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6. MO-635 (RW18), collected on March 13, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

7. MO-636 (RW23), collected on April 3, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

8. Graph showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-637 (RW39), collected

on April 4, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

9-10. Graphs showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping conditions within:

9. MO-638 (RW43), collected on March 28, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

10. MO-639 (RW50), collected on April 3, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

11. MO-640 (RW52), collected on April 2, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

12. Graph showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-641 (R1_1A), collected on

March 7, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

13. Graph showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping conditions within MO-642 (R1S), collected on April 5, 1996 . . . . . . . . 31

14-17. Graphs showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping and pumping conditions within:

14. MO-643 (R1D), collected on March 14, 1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

15. MO-644 (R2), collected on March 13, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

16. MO-645 (R3S), collected on March 28, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

17. MO-646 (R3D), collected on March 6, 1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

18. Graph showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping conditions within MO-647 (R4), collected on March 6, 1996 . . . . . . . . 41

19-24. Graphs showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping and pumping conditions within:

19. MO-648 (R5), collected on February 28, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

20. MO-649 (R6), collected on March 5, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

21. MO-651 (PW-A), collected on July 8, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
v

Figures 19-24. Graphs showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping and pumping conditions within—Continued:

22. MO-652 (PW-B), collected on July 9, 1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

23. MO-653 (PW-C), collected on August 20, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

24. MO-654 (PW-D), collected on July 1, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

25-28. Graphs showing borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under

nonpumping conditions within:

25. MO-685 (R7), collected on November 6, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

26. MO-686 (R8), collected on October 24, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

27. MO-687 (R9), collected on November 6, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

28. MO-688 (R11B), collected on October 24, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

TABLES

Table 1. Boreholes logged at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township,

Monroe County, Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2-32. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for boreholes at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site:

2. MO-631 (RW8) on April 3, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3. MO-632 (RW10) on March 29, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. MO-632 (RW10) on July 21, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

5. MO-633 (RW12) on April 2, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

6. MO-633 (RW12) on July 22, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

7. MO-634 (RW14) on April 4, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

8. MO-635 (RW18) on March 13, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

9. MO-636 (RW23) on April 3, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

10. MO-637 (RW39) on April 4, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

11. MO-637 (RW39) on July 22, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

12. MO-638 (RW43) on March 28, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

13. MO-639 (RW50) on April 3, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

14. MO-640 (RW52) on April 2, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

15. MO-640 (RW52) on July 21, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

16. MO-641 (R1_1A) on March 7, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

17. MO-642 (R1S) on April 5, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

18. MO-643 (R1D) on March 14, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

19. MO-644 (R2) on March 13, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

20. MO-645 (R3S) on March 28, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

21. MO-646 (R3D) on March 6, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued

Page
vi

Tables 2-32. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for boreholes at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site—Continued:

22. MO-647 (R4) on March 6, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

23. MO-648 (R5) on February 28, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

24. MO-649 (R6) on March 5, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

25. MO-651 (PW-A) on July 8, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

26. MO-652 (PW-B) on July 9, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

27. MO-653 (PW-C) on August 20, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

28. MO-654 (PW-D) on July 1, 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

29. MO-685 (R7) on November 6, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

30. MO-686 (R8) on October 24, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

31. MO-687 (R9) on November 6, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

32. MO-688 (R11B) on October 24, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

CONVERSION FACTORS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND VERTICAL DATUM

Multiply By To obtain

Sea level: In this report, “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929—a geodetic

datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada,

formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Length

inch (in) 2.54 centimeter

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

Area

acre 4,047 square meter

Flow rate

gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second

Temperature

degree Fahrenheit (°F) °C=5/9.(°F-32) degree Celsius

TABLES—Continued

Page
1

Evaluation of Borehole Geophysical and Video Logs,

at Butz Landfill Superfund Site,

Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

by Dennis J. Low and Randall W. Conger

ABSTRACT

Between February 1996 and November 2000, geophysical logging was conducted in 27 openborehole wells in and adjacent to the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pa.,

to determine casing depth and depths of water-producing zones, water-receiving zones, and zones of

vertical borehole flow. The wells range in depth from 57 to 319 feet below land surface. The geophysical

logging determined the placement of well screens and packers, which allow monitoring and sampling of

water-bearing zones in the fractured bedrock so that the horizontal and vertical distribution of

contaminated ground water migrating from known sources could be determined. Geophysical logging

included collection of caliper, natural-gamma, single-point-resistance, fluid-resistivity, fluid-temperature,

and video logs. Caliper and video logs were used to locate fractures, joints, and weathered zones.

Inflections on single-point-resistance, fluid-temperature, and fluid-resistivity logs indicated possible

water-bearing fractures, and heatpulse-flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Natural-gamma

logs provided information on stratigraphy.

INTRODUCTION

The Butz Landfill Superfund Site (Butz Landfill) covers approximately 13.4 acres; the landfill area

and monitor wells are shown on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mount Pocono 7.5-minute

topographic quadrangle map (fig. 1). The Butz Landfill was used as a municipal-waste dump from

approximately 1963 until at least 1969; some landfill activities probably continued until 1984 (Bureau of

Reclamation, 1994).

In early 1973, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) ordered the

landfill closed. In 1986, PADEP conducted a site inspection and sampling program of domestic wells in

close proximity to the site and detected volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) in the ground water.

A Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) was initiated by the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA) and its consultants in December 1988 and completed in September 1991. The RI/FS

identified trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) as the principal

contaminants. In June 1992, the Record of Decision (ROD) was signed stating that no remedial actions

were necessary for surface water, sediments, or the landfill. The selected remedy for contaminated ground

water was to design and install a well-extraction system that would reduce TCE concentrations to

background levels prior to discharge to local surface waters. On the basis of the remedial actions in the

ROD, USEPA requested the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) to install a permanent water-supply system and

design and install an extraction-well system for cleanup of contaminated ground water.

In 1996, BOR asked USGS to assist with hydrologic investigations for the Remedial Design (RD)

study at the Butz Landfill. USGS involvement was directed toward identification of water-bearing zones in

the contaminated fractured-bedrock aquifer to help ensure monitor wells were completed at appropriate

depth horizons. This work is part of the support provided by USGS to USEPA on hydrogeologic

investigations at Superfund sites in Pennsylvania.
2

Figure 1. Locations of landfill and boreholes logged in and adjacent to the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson

Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania (prefix “MO” is omitted for visual clarity).
3

Purpose and Scope

This report evaluates borehole geophysical and video logs collected by the USGS in 27 open

boreholes in and adjacent to the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pa.,

(table 1 and fig. 1) from February 28, 1996, to November 6, 2000. This report (1) identifies the location of

subsurface fractures; (2) identifies, where possible, important water-bearing fractures; (3) identifies zones

of potential borehole flow; and (4) describes the direction and rate of vertical borehole flow. These data

provided hydrogeologic information in and adjacent to the Butz Landfill to select the most appropriate

depth to screen and set permanent borehole packers for sampling discrete intervals in each borehole.

Table 1. Boreholes logged at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

(B, borehole video; C, caliper log; G, natural-gamma; R, single-point resistance, F, fluid-resistivity log; T, fluidtemperature log; V, heatpulse flowmeter)

U.S.Geological

Survey boreholeidentification

number

Bureau of

Reclamation

boreholeidentification

number

Date logged

Depth

logged

(feet)

Depth to

water below

land surface

(feet)

Length of

casing below

land surface

(feet)

Geophysical logs

collected

MO-631 RW8 04/03/1996 118 1.38 28 C, F, T, V

MO-632 RW10 03/29/1996

07/21/1999

167 27.56

42.94

28 C, F, T, V

B, C, F, T, V

MO-633 RW12 04/02/1996

07/22/1999

319 35.55

43.54

37 C, F, T, V

B, C, F, T, V

MO-634 RW14 04/04/1996 293.6 73.22 8 C, F, T, V

MO-635 RW18 03/13/1996 138 10.72 95 C, F, T, V

MO-636 RW23 04/03/1996 95 24.39 21 C, F, T, V

MO-637 RW39 04/04/1996

07/22/1999

221 40.13

44.40

59 C, F, T, V

B, C, F, T, V

MO-638 RW43 03/28/1996 56 6.99 14 C, F, T, V

MO-639 RW50 04/03/1996 88 12.21 66 C, F, T, V

MO-640 RW52 04/02/1996

07/21/1999

122 13.89

19.26

50 C, F, T, V

B, C, F, T, V

MO-641 R1_1A 03/07/1996 201 15.75 18 C, F, T, V

MO-642 R1S 04/05/1996 98.7 4.07 25 C, F, T, V

MO-643 R1D 03/14/1996 241 16.56 103 C, F, T, V

MO-644 R2 03/13/1996 132.5 7.12 19 C, F, T, V

MO-645 R3S 03/28/1996 101 25.70 40 C, F, T, V

MO-646 R3D 03/06/1996 239.5 44.29 104 C, F, T, V

MO-647 R4 03/06/1996 147 14.55 18 C, F, T, V

MO-648 R5 02/28/1996 240 5.32 19 C, F, T, V

MO-649 R6 03/05/1996 241 9.19 18 C, F, T, V

MO-651 PW-A 07/08/1996 158.5 12.63 34 C, G, R, F, T, V

MO-652 PW-B 07/09/1996 149 12.17 37 C, G, R, F, T, V

MO-653 PW-C 08/20/1996 185.5 23.40 29 C, G, R, F, T, V

MO-654 PW-D 07/01/1996 248 20.55 30 C, G, R, F, T, V

MO-685 R7 11/06/2000 248 10.39 37 C, G, R, F, T, V

MO-686 R8 10/24/2000 249 28.07 38 C, G, R, F, T, V

MO-687 R9 11/06/2000 249 22.65 37 B, C, G, R, F, T, V

MO-688 R11B 10/24/2000 140.2 18.07 19 B, C, G, R, F, T, V
4

Caliper, fluid-resistivity, and fluid-temperature logs and heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were

collected in all 27 wells. Natural-gamma and single-point-resistance logs were collected in 8 of the

27 wells. Borehole-video logs were run in 6 of the 27 boreholes (table 1). A cross-reference between USGS

borehole-identification numbers and BOR borehole-identification numbers is presented in table 1.

Location and Physiography

The Butz Landfill is in the Glaciated Low Plateau Section of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic

Province (Fenneman, 1938; Berg and others, 1989) and is on the southern flank of east-west trending

Camelback Mountain. The topography of the area has been affected greatly by continental glaciation and

is characterized by scattered mountains separated by rounded hills and valleys; altitudes range between

700 and 2,133 ft above sea level. Altitude on site averages about 1,140 ft above sea level (fig. 1). The region

lacks well-developed drainage; many streams drain into small lakes, ponds, and swamps.

HYDROGEOLOGY

Butz Landfill and surrounding area are overlain by unconsolidated surficial deposits of the

Woodfordian Ground Moraine (Berg and others, 1977). The surficial deposits consist mainly of till and

nonstratified clay, silt, sand, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. Seismic refraction surveys done at Butz

Landfill indicates that the thickness of surficial deposits range from 25 to 40 ft; the thickness may be as

great as 100 ft in areas of local bedrock depressions.

Butz Landfill and surrounding area are underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Upper Devonian age

Long Run Member of the Catskill Formation. The Long Run Member consists predominantly of

alternating gray to grayish-red, crossbedded to planar-bedded sandstone and red to gray siltstone and

shale, arranged in fining-upward fluvial cycles. The fluvial cycles vary from about 20 to 100 ft in thickness

(Berg and others, 1977). Butz Landfill lies stratigraphically within the upper cycle facies, which is

dominated by siltstone but also contains shale and very fine sandstone. Estimated maximum thickness of

the Long Run Member is 3,175 ft. The regional bedding trend strikes N. 65°E. and dips from 5 to 15° to the

northwest.

Ground water at Butz Landfill originates from infiltration of local precipitation and discharges to

local intermittent streams, pumping wells, and underlying bedrock aquifers. After infiltrating through

void spaces in the glaciated surficial glacial deposits and weathered bedrock, ground water moves

through vertical and horizontal fractures and joints in the sandstones and shales. The sandstone aquifers

are enveloped by shale aquitards.

Three types of flow systems have been recognized in the bedrock aquifers of Monroe County—local,

intermediate, and regional (Carswell and Lloyd, 1979). The local flow or shallow ground-water system

moves through the glaciated surficial deposits and weathered bedrock. The intermediate and regional or

deep ground-water system moves through fractures and joints of the more competent bedrock. Groundwater levels fluctuate with pumping and seasonal variations in recharge. Water from the shallow system

may drain locally to the intermittent streams and also leak downward to a deeper ground-water-flow

system. Wells constructed as open boreholes penetrate both systems, and water levels measured in these

wells represent composite heads. Where differences in potentiometric head are present, water in the

borehole flows from zones of higher head to zones of lower head. Ground water generally flows in a

direction similar to the topographic gradient. However, the natural direction of flow can be altered by

pumping. Pumping from deep zones may induce downward flow from shallow zones.
5

BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL AND VIDEO LOGS

Geophysical logs provide information on location of fractures (caliper and video logs), waterproducing and water-receiving zones, intervals of vertical borehole flow (fluid-resistivity and fluidtemperature logs), quantification of borehole flow (heatpulse-flowmeter measurements), lithologic

correlation (natural-gamma and single-point-resistance logs), and data on well construction (caliper and

single-point-resistance logs).

Caliper logs provide a continuous record of average borehole diameter, which is related to fractures,

lithology, and drilling technique. Caliper logs are used to identify fractures and possible water-producing

and water-receiving zones and correct other geophysical logs for changes in borehole diameter.

Correlation of caliper logs with fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs is used to identify fractures,

water-producing zones, water-receiving zones, and zones of vertical borehole flow.

The natural-gamma or gamma log measures the natural-gamma radiation (photons) emitted from

rocks penetrated by the borehole. The most common sources of gamma radiation are uranium-238,

thorium-232, their daughter elements, and potassium-40. These radioactive elements are concentrated in

clays by adsorption, precipitation, and ion exchange. Fine-grained sediments, such as shale or siltstone,

usually emit more gamma radiation than sandstone, limestone, or dolomite. Geophysical logging with a

gamma probe can be conducted in the fluid-filled, dry, cased, or uncased parts of a borehole. However,

casing does reduce the gamma response. The gamma log is used to correlate geologic units between wells

or boreholes (Keys, 1990).

The single-point-resistance log records the electrical resistance of a formation between the probe in a

water-filled borehole below casing and an electrical ground at land surface. Generally, electrical resistance

increases with formation grain size and decreases with increasing borehole diameter, water-bearing

fractures, and increasing dissolved-solids concentration of borehole water. The single-point-resistance log

is used to correlate geology and lithology between wells or boreholes and may help identify formation

water-bearing zones (Keys, 1990).

Fluid resistivity is the inverse of fluid conductivity. The fluid-resistivity log measures the electrical

resistivity of the water column in the well. The fluid-resistivity probe measures the resistivity of borehole

water between electrodes in the probe. Fluid-resistivity logs reflect changes in the dissolved-solids

concentration of the well water. Fluid-resistivity logs are used to identify water-producing and waterreceiving zones and to determine intervals of vertical borehole flow. Water-producing and water-receiving

zones usually are identified by distinct changes in resistivity. Intervals of vertical borehole flow are usually

identified by a low-resistivity gradient between a water-producing and a water-receiving zone. Also, some

types of contaminant plumes can be identified with fluid-resistivity logs.

Fluid-temperature logs provide a continuous record of the temperature of vertical variation in the

water in a borehole. Temperature logs are used to identify water-producing and water-receiving zones and

to determine zones of vertical borehole flow. Intervals of vertical borehole flow are characterized by little

or no temperature gradient (Williams and Conger, 1990).

The direction and rate of borehole-water movement was determined by the use of a heatpulse

flowmeter. The heatpulse flowmeter operates by heating a small volume of water between two sensitive

thermistors (heat sensors). A measurement of direction and rate is computed when a peak temperature is

recorded by one of the thermistors. The range of flow measurements is about 0.01 to 1.2 gal/min in a 2- to

10-in.-diameter borehole (Conger, 1996).

Some heatpulse-flowmeter measurements may be affected by (1) poor seal integrity between the

borehole and heatpulse flowmeter, and (2) contributions of water from storage within the borehole. If the

seal between the borehole and flowmeter is not complete, some water can bypass the flowmeter, resulting

in measurements of flow that are less than the actual rate. Although the heatpulse flowmeter is a calibrated

probe, the data primarily are used as a relative indicator to identify water-producing or water-receiving

zones.
6

Borehole-video logging was conducted by lowering a waterproof camera down the borehole and

recording the image on video tape. The depth indicated on the video log typically is within plus or minus

1.0 ft of the geophysical logs because of some minor slippage of the television cable and is corrected by

comparison with other geophysical logs.

EVALUATION OF BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL AND VIDEO LOGS

The locations of boreholes logged are shown on figure 1. The reference measuring point for all

geophysical logs and video logs is in feet below land surface. For each borehole, the date(s) logged, depth

logged, water level at the time of logging, and list of logs run in each borehole are presented in table 1.

MO-631 (RW8)

Monitor well MO-631 was logged April 3, 1996. The caliper log shows the borehole is drilled to a

depth of 118 ft bls (below land surface) and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 28 ft bls (fig. 2). There is,

however, 4 ft of muck (soft mud and silt) from 118 to 122 ft bls in the borehole. The caliper log shows major

fractures at 40 and 115 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout the openhole interval. The fluidresistivity log shows numerous minor changes in slope that correlate closely with major and minor

fractures on the caliper log, indicating possible lateral flow. The fluid-temperature log shows a change in

slope at approximately 40 ft bls that correlates to a major fracture shown on the caliper log. Under

nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 25 and 36 ft bls and

downward flow at 45, 65, 84, 97, and 110 ft bls (table 2). The geophysical logs and the heatpulse-flowmeter

data indicate water enters the borehole through the major fracture at 40 ft bls, moves upward and

downward, and exits the borehole through a minor fracture at 34 ft bls, breaks in casing at about 10, 15,

and 21 ft bls, and the fracture at 115 ft bls. The fracture at 40 ft bls produces about 2 gal/min of water

under nonpumping conditions.

Table 2. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for

borehole MO-631 (RW8) on April 3, 1996, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

25 0.19 Up

36 .55 Up

45 1.49 Down

65 1.47 Down

84 1.50 Down

97 1.49 Down

110 1.49 Down
7

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophyBOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING 

Circle at depth of flow measurement. Number is measured flo

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING CKNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER 

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER 

CONDITIONS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 2. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-631 (RW8), collected on ASuperfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 1.38

 0.19

5.5 7.0 6.0 6.5

120

102030405060708090

100110

0.19

.55

1.49

1.47

1.50

1.49

1.49

1.38

20 30 40 10 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 0
8

MO-632 (RW10)

Monitor well MO-632 was logged March 29, 1996 (fig. 3), and on July 21, 1999. The caliper log shows

the borehole is drilled to a depth of 167 ft and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 28 ft bls. The caliper

log shows major fractures at 47 to 49, 72 to 73, and 82 to 86 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures

throughout the openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows major changes in slope at 72 and 114 to

132 ft bls plus minor deflections at 33, 40, 48, 54, 60, 87, 95, and 104 ft bls. The decrease in slope of the fluidresistivity log from 114 to 132 ft bls probably is a product of change in water chemistry (increase in total

dissolved solids) as a result of the absence of borehole flow. The fluid-temperature log shows minor

changes in slope at 33, 40, and 87 ft bls that correlate with fractures on the caliper log. Under nonpumping

conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward flow at 44, 67, and 77 ft bls, and no flow at 36,

90, and 98 ft bls (table 3). This suite of borehole geophysical logs indicates, under nonpumping conditions,

water enters the borehole through the fractures at 38 to 41, 48, and possibly 63 ft bls and moves

downward; a small quantity exits the borehole through the fractures at 73 ft bls and 80 to 85 ft bls.

The caliper log collected on July 21, 1999, is similar to that collected on March 29, 1996. The fluidresistivity log shows changes in slope at 53, 55, 58, 71, 84, 95, and 102 to 104 ft bls that correlate closely to

fractures on the caliper log. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

indicated possible downward flow at 68 ft bls, upward flow at 78 ft bls, and no flow at 99, 120, and

146 ft bls (table 4). The decrease in slope of the fluid-resistivity log from 116 to 132 ft bls probably is a

product of change in water chemistry (increase in total dissolved solids) as a result of the absence of

borehole flow. The suite of borehole geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under

nonpumping conditions, the fractures at 61 and 81 to 86 ft bls are water-producing zones, and the fracture

at 73 to 75 ft bls is a water-receiving zone.

Table 3. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for

borehole MO-632 (RW10) on March 29, 1996, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

36 No flow —

44 0.35 Down

67 1.20 Down

77 .90 Down

90 No flow —

98 No flow —

Table 4. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-632 (RW10) on July 21, 1999,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

68 — Down (?) 0.57 Up

78 0.05 Up .36 Up

99 No flow — No flow —

120 No flow — No flow —

146 No flow — No flow —
9

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophysical loBOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING CONDIT

at depth of flow measurement. Number is measured flow in gallon pe

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING CONDITIKNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER NONP

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER NONPU

CONDITIONS

NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 3. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-632 (RW10), collected on MSuperfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 27.56

 0.35

6.0 10 8.0

102030405060708090

0

12

100110120130140150160170

1.20

0.35

.90

NFNF

NF

27.56

0 40 80 8.5 9.0 9.5

ND

ND

ND

ND

NF

EXPLANATION
10

No borehole flow was observed on the video log under nonpumping conditions. The video log does

show, however, the borehole is extensively fractured from a depth of about 34 to 88 ft bls; fracturing

generally is absent from a depth of about 106 ft bls to the bottom of the borehole. Most of the fractures

appear to be low-angle with secondary mineralization of the fractures very common at a depth of about

86 ft bls.

A submersible pump was placed at 60 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate of

approximately 1 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 0.21 ft after 42 minutes of pumping.

Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward flow at 68 and 78 ft bls and no

flow at 99, 120, and 146 ft bls. The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under

pumping conditions, water enters the borehole through the fractures at 73 to 75 and 81 to 86 ft bls, moves

upward, and exits the borehole through the fracture at 49 ft bls (table 4).

MO-633 (RW12)

Monitor well MO-633 was logged April 2, 1996, and July 22, 1999. The caliper log shows the

borehole is drilled to a depth of 319 ft and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 37 ft bls (fig. 4). The caliper

log shows major fractures at 47 to 49, 76 to 78, 95, 156, and 190 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures

throughout the openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope at 49, 64, and 70 to

78 ft bls that correlate to fractures on the caliper log. The fluid-temperature log shows a minor change in

slope at 65 ft bls and a constant gradient change of about 0.2°C per 100 ft of openhole interval from 95 to

319 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at

86 ft bls and no flow at 42, 58, 68, 100, 110, 142, 160, and 200 ft bls (table 5). The suite of borehole

geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate that under nonpumping conditions water enters

the borehole through the fractures at 70 to 78 ft bls, moves downward, and exits the borehole through the

large fracture at 95 ft bls.

Table 5. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-633 (RW12) on April 2, 1996, at the

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

Flow rate under

pumping

conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping

conditions

42 No flow — — —

58 No flow — — —

68 No flow — — —

86 0.11 Down 0.59 Up

100 No flow — .47 Up

110 No flow — .35 Up

142 No flow — .33 Up

160 No flow — .22 Up

174 — — .17 Up

194 — — No flow —

200 No flow — — —
11

Figure 4. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-633 (RW12)

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in w

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT U

PUMPING CONDITIONS— Circle at dNumber is measured flow in gallon pe

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UN

PUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRO

NONPUMPING AND PUMPING CON

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-REC

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

 35.55

 0.11

20406080

100

120

160180

NF

35.55

ND

ND

ND

5.5 6.0 6.5

300280260240220

200140

NF

NF

NF

NF

NF

NF

NF

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

NF

8.5 9.0 9.5 10

320

ND

0.11

0 10 20 30

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

 44.18

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

.17

.22

.33.35

.47

0.59

NF ND

0
12

A submersible pump was placed at 70 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate less than

0.5 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 10.44 ft after 1 hour and 21 minutes of pumping

before stabilizing. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow

at 86, 100, 110, 142, 160, and 174 ft bls and no flow at 194 ft bls (table 5). The suite of borehole geophysical

logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under pumping conditions, water enters the borehole through

the fractures at 94, 156, and 190 ft bls and moves upward.

The caliper log collected on July 22, 1999, is similar to that collected on April 2, 1996. The fluidresistivity log shows a change in slope at 71 and 78 ft bls that correlates to fractures on the caliper log. The

fluid-temperature log shows a constant temperature gradient increase of about 0.2°C per 100 ft of

openhole interval from 95 to 310 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter

measurements indicated no flow at 44, 74, 84, 148, 184, 250, and 290 ft bls (table 6). This result differs

slightly from the data collected on April 2, 1996, in that downward flow of 0.11 gal/min was measured at a

depth of 86 ft bls. Apparently, under less dry conditions, the fracture at 76 to 78 ft bls is a water-producing

zone, and the fracture at 94 ft bls is a water-receiving zone.

No borehole flow was observed on the video log under nonpumping conditions. The video log does

show, however, most fractures appear to be low-angle and are more common in the upper 154 ft of the

borehole.

A submersible pump was placed at 65 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate that ranged

from about 0.1 to 1.0 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 6.00 ft after 1 hour and 13 minutes

of pumping. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 74,

84, 100, 120, 150, and 184 ft bls and no flow at 200, 220 and 250 ft bls (table 6). The suite of borehole

geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under pumping conditions, the fracture at

190 ft bls is the major water-producing zone.

Table 6. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-633 (RW12) on July 22, 1999, at the

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

44 No flow — — —

74 No flow — 0.12 Up

84 No flow — .13 Up

100 — — .14 Up

120 — — .13 Up

148 No flow — — —

150 — — .12 Up

184 No flow — .07 Up

200 — — No flow —

220 — — No flow —

250 No flow — No flow —

290 No flow — — —
13

MO-634 (RW14)

Monitor well MO-634 was logged April 4, 1996. The caliper log shows the borehole is drilled to a

depth of 293.6 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 8 ft bls (fig. 5). The caliper log shows major

fractures at 66 to 69 and 123 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout the openhole interval. The

fluid-resistivity log shows minor changes in slope at 124, 224, 248, 253, 255, and 277 ft bls that correlate

with fractures shown on the caliper log. The fluid-temperature log shows changes in slope at 124 and

248 ft bls that correlate with fractures shown on the caliper log. Under nonpumping conditions, the

heatpulse flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at 80, 90, 110, 141, 180, and 230 ft bls and no flow

at 260 ft bls (table 7). The suite of geophysical logs and the heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate water enters

the borehole through the fractures at 66 to 69 and 123 ft bls and moves downward. Most water exits the

borehole through the small fracture at 248 ft bls. Additional, but smaller amounts of water exit the

borehole through minor fractures at approximately 94 and 224 ft bls.

Table 7. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-634 (RW14) on April 4, 1996, at the Butz

Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County,

Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

80 0.74 Down

90 .75 Down

110 .58 Down

141 .99 Down

180 1.05 Down

230 .91 Down

260 No flow —
14

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophy

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measurement. Numbemeasured flow in gallon per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 5. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-634 (RW14), collected oButz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 73.22

 0.74

ND

NF

300

20

406080

100120140160180200220240260280

 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 0 10 20 30 9.0 10

0

 9.5

 73.22

 0.74

.75

 .58

 .99

 1.05

 .91

NF ND
15

MO-635 (RW18)

Monitor well MO-635 was logged March 13, 1996. The caliper log shows the borehole is drilled to a

depth of 138 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 95 ft bls (fig. 6). The caliper log shows

numerous small fractures throughout the openhole interval and a break in casing at 16 ft bls. The fluidresistivity log shows a change in slope at approximately 110 ft bls that correlates to a fracture on the caliper

log. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 25, 110,

and 122 ft bls (table 8). The large variation in flow measured at the lower two fractures indicate this well is

affected by pumping, probably from domestic wells at the adjacent houses. The suite of geophysical logs

and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate water enters the borehole through fractures near the bottom of the

borehole (below 122 ft bls), moves upward, and exits the borehole through a break in the casing at 16 ft bls

and possibly at 28 ft bls.

Table 8. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-635 (RW18) on March 13, 1996, at the Butz

Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County,

Pennsylvania

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

25 0.27 Up

110 0.00 to 0.35 Up

122 0.00 to 0.35 Up
16

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geoph

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measurement. Numbmeasured flow in gallon per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDE

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 6. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-635 (RW18), collecte

1996, Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 10.72

 0.27

0

140

102030405060708090

100110120130

5.0 6.0 7.0 0 10 20 7.0 10 8.0 9.0

 0.27

0.00-0.35

0.00-.35

 10.72
17

MO-636 (RW23)

Monitor well MO-636 was logged April 3, 1996. The caliper log shows the borehole is drilled to a

depth of 95 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 21 ft bls (fig. 7). The caliper log shows

numerous fractures throughout the openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope

from 40 to 56 ft bls. The fluid-temperature log shows minor changes in slope at 40 and 44 ft bls. These

changes in slope in the fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs may be caused by lateral borehole flow.

Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at 60, 74,

and 88 ft bls and no vertical flow at 35 and 48 ft bls (table 9). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulseflowmeter data indicate water enters the borehole through the fractures at approximately 53 ft bls and

moves downward. Minor amounts of water exit the borehole through fractures at 62 to 72, 77, and 82 ft bls;

the greatest amount of water leaves the borehole through fractures at 90 to 94 ft bls.

Table 9. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for

borehole MO-636 (RW23) on April 3, 1996, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

35 No flow —

48 Lateral flow —

60 1.05 Down

74 .96 Down

88 .81 Down
18

Figure 7. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-636 (RW23), collected on 

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the ti

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NON

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measuremeasured flow in gallons per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NON

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING Z

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZO

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

 24.39

 1.05

5.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

0

100

102030405060708090

0 60 20 40 10.0 11.5 10.5 11.0

 24.39

 NF

NF

1.05

 .96

 .81

 ND

 ND

NDNF
19

MO-637 (RW39)

Monitor well MO-637 was logged April 4, 1996, and July 22, 1999. The caliper log shows the

borehole is drilled to a depth of 221 ft and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 59 ft bls (fig. 8). The caliper

log shows major fractures at 69 to 71 and 149 to 150 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout the

openhole interval. The caliper log also shows the driller changed bit size at 150 ft bls. The fluid-resistivity

and fluid-temperature logs show a major change in slope at 72 ft bls. The fluid-resistivity log also shows

several smaller slope changes at 82, 95, 108, 150, 159, 184, and 195 ft bls that correlate with fractures shown

on the caliper log; these small changes in the slope of the fluid-resistivity log indicate possible lateral flow.

Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured variable downward borehole flow at

77 and 100 ft bls and no flow at 65, 116, 132, and 155 ft bls (table 10). The suite of borehole geophysical logs

and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, water enters the borehole through

the fracture at 69 to 71 ft bls, moves downward, and exits the borehole through minor fractures from 82 to

108 ft bls. The variable flow rates measured by the heatpulse flowmeter indicate nearby transient

pumpage.

A submersible pump was placed at 55 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at approximately

3 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 8.79 ft after 45 minutes of pumping before beginning

to stabilize. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured no borehole flow at 60, 65, and

77 ft bls (table 10). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under pumping

conditions, additional water is available to the borehole through a fracture above 60 ft bls, probably at the

bottom of the casing.

Table 10. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-637 (RW39) on April 4,

1996, at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

60 — — No flow —

65 No flow — No flow —

77 1.00 to 1.45 Down No flow —

100 .42 to .98 Down — —

116 No flow — — —

132 No flow — — —

155 No flow — — —
20

Figure 8. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-637 (RW39), c

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well 

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UND

PUMPING CONDITIONS— Circle at depNumber is measured flow in gallons per m

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDE

PUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODU

NONPUMPING AND PUMPING CONDIT

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIV

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

 40.13

 1.45

40.13

ND

NF

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

 48.92

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

0.42-.98

NF ND

5.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

0

240

20406080

100120140160180200220

NF ND

NF ND

NF ND

NF ND

NF

NF ND

1.00-1.45

ND

0 40 20 8.5 9.5 9.0
21

The caliper log collected on July 22, 1999, is similar to that collected on April 4, 1996. The fluid

resistivity log shows several minor deflections at 55, 59, 82, 95, 108, 113 to 121, 136 to 142, 150, 159, 171, 182,

and 189 ft bls. The temperature log shows abrupt changes in slope from 109 to 121 and 137 ft bls that

correlate to a series of minor fractures identified on the caliper log. Under nonpumping conditions, the

heatpulse-flowmeter measurements indicated turbulent flow at 65 ft bls, downward flow at 78, 100, 122,

145, and 164 ft bls, and no flow at 202 ft bls (table 11). The suite of borehole geophysical logs and

heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, most water enters the borehole from

the major fracture at 70 to 72 ft bls. The remaining fractures appear to be water-receiving zones as vertical

borehole flow decreases with increasing depth.

Under nonpumping conditions, the video log shows water entering the borehole through horizontal

to low-angle fractures at 70 to 72 ft bls, no visible flow at 110 ft bls, and a possible water-receiving zone at

about 134 ft bls. Low-angle fractures appear to be relatively common, most near vertical fractures appear

to be filled (calcite or gypsum?).

A submersible pump was placed at 55 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate that ranged

from about 0.9 to 1.5 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 5.75 ft after 1 hour and 41 minutes

of pumping. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward flow at 65, 78, 100,

122, 145, 164, 184, 202, 212, and 218 ft bls. The suite of borehole geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter

data indicate, under pumping conditions, water enters the borehole below a depth of 218 ft and flows

upward. Minor water-receiving zones are present from a depth of about 110 to 200 ft bls. Additional water

enters the borehole through the minor fractures at 60 to 73, 83 to 86, and 95 ft bls.

Table 11. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-637 (RW39) on July 22, 1999,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

65 Turbulent — 0.80 Up

78 0.50 Down .24 Up

100 .15 Down .10 Up

122 .05 Down .07 Up

145 .03 Down .09 Up

164 .02 Down .11 Up

184 — — .10 Up

202 No flow — .14 Up

212 — — .15 Up

218 — — .12 Up
22

MO-638 (RW43)

Monitor well MO-638 was logged March 28, 1996. The caliper log shows the borehole is drilled to a

depth of 56 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 14 ft bls (fig. 9). The caliper log shows a major

fracture from 35 to 36 ft bls plus minor fractures throughout the openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity

and fluid-temperature logs show only minor changes in slope. Under nonpumping conditions, the

heatpulse flowmeter measured variable, upward borehole flow at 17, 23, 42, and 50 ft bls (table 12).

Variations in measurements probably are caused by nearby pumping wells. The suite of geophysical logs

and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate most water enters the borehole through the fracture at 52 ft bls,

moves upward, and exits the borehole through fractures at 14 to 16 ft bls.

Table 12. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-638 (RW43) on March 28, 1996, at the Butz

Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County,

Pennsylvania

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction

under nonpumping

conditions

17 0.10 Up

23 .08 to .20 Up

42 .10 to .20 Up

50 .17 Up
23

Figure 9. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-638 (RW43), collected on 

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophysica

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measurement. Number ismeasured flow in gallons per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

 6.99

 0.10

5.0 10

0

60

5

10152025303540455055

0 40 20 5.0 10

6.99

 0.10

.08 - .20

 .17

 .10 - .20
24

MO-639 (RW50)

Monitor well MO-639 was logged April 3, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 88 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 66 ft bls (fig. 10). The caliper log shows a major

fracture at 84 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures below the bottom of the casing. The fluid-resistivity log

shows minor changes in slope at 68 and 78 ft bls that correlate to minor fractures on the caliper log. Under

nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 20, 30, 40, 54, and

74 ft bls (table 13). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate water enters the

borehole through fractures at 78 to 87 ft bls and moves upward. Some water exits the borehole through the

fracture at 66 to 68 ft bls. The remaining water moves up the borehole and exits through breaks in casing at

14, 35, and 46 ft bls with possible lateral flow at 25 ft bls.

Table 13. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-639 (RW50) on April 3, 1996, at the Butz

Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County,

Pennsylvania

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction

under nonpumping

conditions

20 0.07 Up

30 .08 Up

40 .14 Up

54 .27 Up

74 .70 Up
25

Figure 10. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-639 (RW50), collected oApril 3, 1996, Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophysical

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING COND

TIONS— Circle at depth of flow measurement. Number is measureflow in gallons per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

 12.21

 0.07

5.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

0

90

1020304050607080

0 20 40 7.0 8.0 9.0 10

 12.21

 0.07

 .08

 .14

 .27

 .70
26

MO-640 (RW52)

Monitor well MO-640 was logged April 2, 1996, and July 21, 1999. The caliper log shows the

borehole is drilled to a depth of 122 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 50 ft bls (fig. 11). The

caliper log shows encrustation on the casing from 10 to 17 ft bls, possible cracks or seams in the casing at

10 and 30 ft bls, and major fractures at 51, 64 to 66, 86, 98, and 106 to 108 ft bls plus numerous minor

fractures throughout the openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope at 52, 66, 75,

and 98 ft bls that correlate closely with fractures identified on the caliper log. The fluid-temperature log

shows major changes in slope at 18 and 40 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter

measured downward borehole flow at 80 and 94 ft bls and no flow at 60 and 110 ft bls (table 14). The suite

of borehole geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions,

possible flow within the casing from about 18 to 30 ft bls and possible lateral flow at 50 ft bls. Water enters

the borehole through the fractures at 64 to 66, 75, and possibly at 90 ft bls, moves downward, and exits the

borehole through the fractures from 98 to 108 ft bls.

The caliper log of July 21, 1999, is similar to that collected on April 2, 1996. The fluid-resistivity log

shows several minor deflections at 52, 65, 76, 86, 91, 99, and 102 to 119 ft bls that correlate closely with

fractures identified on the caliper log. The fluid-temperature log shows minor deflections at 112 and

118 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter measured upward flow at 55, 61, and

102 ft bls, downward flow at 80 and 95 ft bls, and no flow at 114 ft bls (table 15). The suite of borehole

geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, water enters the

borehole through fractures at 65 to 66, 76, and 109 to 110 ft bls, moves up, and exits the borehole through

the fractures at 57 and 98 ft bls.

Table 14. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-640 (RW52) on April 2, 1996, at the Butz

Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County,

Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

60 No flow —

80 1.19 Down

94 1.25 Down

110 No flow —

Table 15. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-640 (RW52) on July 21, 1999,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

55 0.20 Up 0.50 Up

61 .30 Up .60 Up

80 .07 Down .20 Up

95 .07 Down .15 Up

102 .20 Up No flow —

114 No flow — No flow —
27

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophysical

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measurement. Number ismeasured flow in gallons per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 11. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-640 (RW52), collected on 

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 13.89

 1.25

5.5 7.0 6.0 6.5

0

130

102030405060708090

100110120

 13.89

 1.19

 1.25 NF

 NF ND

 ND

0 50 25 6.0 10 8.0

NF

ND
28

Under nonpumping conditions, the video log shows the water is very cloudy (low visibility of the

casing and borehole) from the water surface to a depth of about 65 ft bls but clears considerably by a depth

of 70 ft bls. Water was observed entering the borehole from the water-producing fracture at a depth of

about 74 ft bls and leaving the borehole at a depth of about 98 ft bls. Horizontal to low-angle fractures are

common throughout the borehole. Near vertical fractures are less common and were observed to a depth

of about 97 ft bls.

A submersible pump was placed at 42 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate of about

1.0 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 0.28 ft after 53 minutes of pumping. Under pumping

conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward flow at 55, 61, 80, and 95 ft bls and no flow at 102

and 114 ft bls (table 15). The suite of borehole geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate,

under pumping conditions, water enters the borehole at 65 to 66, 76, and 98 ft bls, moves up, and exits the

borehole at 57 ft bls.

MO-641 (R1_1A)

Monitor well MO-641 was logged March 7, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 201 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 18 ft bls (fig. 12). The caliper log shows major

fractures at 36 to 38 and 186 to 188 ft bls plus numerous minor and smaller fractures throughout the

openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope at 90 and 188 ft bls that correlate to

fractures shown on the caliper log. The fluid-temperature log shows a consistent fluid-temperature

increase from approximately 70 to 188 ft bls, indicating no vertical borehole flow. Under nonpumping

conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter measurements indicate no borehole flow at 30, 42, 62, 96, and

158 ft bls (table 16).

A submersible pump was placed at 25 ft bls and the borehole was pumped at a rate less than

1.0 gal/min. Because of low borehole yield, the pump was then lowered to 37 ft bls and pumped at a rate

less than 0.5 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 12.11 ft after 1 hour and 47 minutes of

pumping and never stabilized, even when discharge was decreased to 0.2 gal/min. Because of the low

yield of the borehole, no water-producing zones within the borehole could be defined with the heatpulse

flowmeter. The fluid-resistivity log, however, indicates possible water-producing zones at 83 to 92 and 186

to 188 ft bls. The fluid-temperature log indicates possible water production from the formation above

60 ft bls.

Table 16. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-641 (R1_1A) on March 7, 1996, at the

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe

County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

30 No flow —

42 No flow —

62 No flow —

96 No flow —

158 No flow —
29

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well aBOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDE

PUMPING CONDITIONS— Circle at depth measured flow in gallons per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER INFERRED WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNNO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 12. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-641 (R1_1A

March 7, 1996, Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 15.75

 NF

ND

NF

5.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

0

220

20

406080

100120140160180200

4.0 10 6.0 8.0

 NF

 NF NF NF NF

ND

NDND

ND

ND

0 30 10 20

 15.75

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

CONDITIONS

PUMPING

 27.86 NF ND

 NF ND

EXPLANATION
30

MO-642 (R1S)

Monitor well MO-642 was logged April 5, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 98.7 ft bls, is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 25 ft bls, and is heavily encrusted to the bottom of

casing (fig. 13). The caliper log shows only minor fractures at 88, 90, and 93 ft bls. The fluid-resistivity log

shows a minor change in slope at 94 ft bls that correlates to a fracture shown on the caliper log. The fluidtemperature log shows minor deflections in slope at 18, 32, and 45 ft bls that indicate possible waterproducing and water-receiving zones. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured

upward borehole flow at 20, 40, 60, and 80 ft bls (table 17). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulseflowmeter data indicate most water enters the borehole through the fracture at approximately 93 ft bls and

moves upward. About half of the water exits the borehole through fractures between 25 and 40 ft bls, and

the remainder exits the borehole through a break in casing above 20 ft bls.

Table 17. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-642 (R1S) on April 5, 1996, at the Butz

Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County,

Pennsylvania

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

20 0.08 Up

40 .16 Up

60 .14 Up

80 .13 Up
31

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophysical

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measurement. Number ismeasured flow in gallon per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 13. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-642 (R1S), collected on A

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 4.07

 0.08

5.5 6.5 6.0

0

100

102030405060708090

0.0 10 5.0 5.0 10

 4.07

 .08 .16 .14 .13
32

MO-643 (R1D)

Monitor well MO-643 was logged March 14, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 241 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 103 ft bls (fig. 14). The caliper log shows a

major fracture at 155 to 157 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout the openhole interval. The

fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs show a change in slope at 47 ft bls that may indicate water

flowing within the casing. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measurements

indicate no borehole flow at 132 and 190 ft bls (table 18).

A submersible pump was placed at 50 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate less than

1.0 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 9.60 ft after 51 minutes of pumping before

stabilizing. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at

132 ft bls and no flow at 190 ft bls (table 18). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data

indicate the fracture at 155 to 157 ft bls is the major water-producing zone in the borehole.

Table 18. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-643 (R1D) on March 14, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

132 No flow — 0.12 Up

190 No flow — No flow —
33

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in we

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UN

PUMPING CONDITIONS—Circle at deNumber is measured flow in gallon per 

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDKNOWN WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UN

CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 14. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-643 (R1D), coButz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 16.56

ND

NF

0.12

5.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

0

250

255075

100125150175200225

0 20 5.0 10 15 9.0 10 9.5

 16.56

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

 25.62

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

 NF 0.12

 NF ND NF ND

ND

EXPLANATION
34

MO-644 (R2)

Monitor well MO-644 was logged March 13, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 132.5 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 19 ft bls (fig. 15). The caliper log shows

major fractures at 26 to 28, 44 to 45, 83, 95, 101, and 109 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout

the openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope at 20 to 40 and 97 ft bls that correlate

with fractures on the caliper log, indicating possible water-producing fractures. The fluid-temperature log

shows minor changes in slope at 20 to 28 and 97 ft bls that correlate with fractures on the caliper log and

indicate water-producing zones. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

indicate no borehole flow at 42, 78, 92, 106, and 114 ft bls (table 19).

A submersible pump was placed at 50 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at approximately

0.6 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 1.9 ft after 1 hour of pumping and never completely

stabilized. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 42, 50,

78, 92, 106, and 114 ft bls. The fractures at 95 to 101 ft bls produce about 75 percent of the flow, and the

fracture at 109 to 111 ft bls produced about 25 percent of the flow. The suite of geophysical logs and

heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate the fracture zone at 95 to 101 ft bls is the major water-producing zone in

the borehole and lesser quantities of water are produced at 109 to 111 ft bls and below 114 ft bls.

Table 19. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-644 (R2) on March 13, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

42 No flow — 1.1 Up

50 — — 1.1 Up

78 No flow — 1.1 Up

92 No flow — 1.1 Up

106 No flow — .30 Up

114 No flow — .09 Up
35

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at 

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDE

PUMPING CONDITIONS— Circle at depth Number is measured flow in gallons per m

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER KNOWN WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDE

CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 15. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-644 (R2), 

March 13, 1996, Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 7.12

ND

NF

1.1

5.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

0

140

102030405060708090

100110120130

0 30 10 20 6.0 10 8.0

1.11.1

1.1

1.1

.30

NF .09

NF

NFNFNF

NDND

ND

NDND

 7.12

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

 9.05

EXPLANATION
36

MO-645 (R3S)

Monitor well MO-645 was logged March 28, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 101 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 40 ft bls (fig. 16). The caliper log shows only

minor fractures throughout the length of the openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows a minor

change in slope at 66 ft bls that correlates to small fractures from 65 to 67 shown on the caliper log. Under

nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured no borehole flow at 57 and 87 ft bls (table 20).

A submersible pump was placed at 38 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate less than

0.25 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 6.64 ft after 32 minutes of pumping before

beginning to stabilize. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter measurements also show no

borehole flow at 57 and 87 ft bls (table 20). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data

indicate the fractures below casing at 40 to 56 ft bls probably are the major water-producing zones in the

borehole.

Table 20. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-645 (R3S) on March 28, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

57 No flow — No flow —

87 No flow — No flow —
37

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in we

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UN

PUMPING CONDITIONS— Circle at deNumber is measured flow in gallons pe

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDKNOWN WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UN

CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 16. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-645 (R3S), coButz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 25.70

 NF

ND

NF

5.5 6.5 6.0

0

110

102030405060708090

100

 NF

 NF NF

 NF

ND

ND ND

ND

 25.70

 31.95

10 30 20 8.0 10 9.0

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

EXPLANATION
38

MO-646 (R3D)

Monitor well MO-646 was logged March 6, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 239.5 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 104 ft bls (fig. 17). The caliper log shows

major fractures at 120 and 148 to 151 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout the length of the

openhole interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope at 104 and 152 ft bls that correlate to

fractures shown on the caliper log. The fluid-temperature log shows a consistent fluid-temperature

increase from approximately 150 ft bls to the bottom of the borehole, indicating no vertical borehole flow.

Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured no borehole flow at 90, 126, 140, and

180 ft bls (table 21).

A submersible pump was placed at 78 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate less than

1.0 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 3.75 ft after 42 minutes of pumping and never

completely stabilized. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole

flow at 90, 126, and 140 ft bls and no flow at 180 ft bls (table 21). The suite of geophysical logs and

heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate the greatest quantity of water enters the borehole through the major

fracture at 148 to 151 ft bls; a smaller amount of water is produced by a minor fracture at 130 ft bls. Some

water appears to be leaving the borehole at the minor fracture at the base of the casing.

Table 21. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-646 (R3D) on March 6, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions1

(gallon per minute)

1 Measurements affected by questionable integrity of seal between borehole and heatpulse flowmeter.

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

90 No flow — 0.07 Up

126 No flow — .15 Up

140 No flow — .10 Up

180 No flow — No flow —
39

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at th

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER 

PUMPING CONDITIONS— Circle at depth oNumber is measured flow in gallon per minu

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER PKNOWN WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER 

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING 

PUMPING CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 17. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-646 (R3D), co

March 6, 1996, Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 44.29

ND

NF

5.5 7.0 6.0 6.5

0

240

20406080

100120140160180200220

10 30 20 8.5 9.5 9.0

 NF

 NF

 NF

ND

ND

ND

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

 44.29 47.70

 NF ND

 .10

 .15

 NF ND 0.07

 0.07

EXPLANATION
40

MO-647 (R4)

Monitor well MO-647 was logged March 6, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 147 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 18 ft bls (fig. 18). The caliper log shows a

major fracture at 31 to 36 ft bls and minor fractures at 24 to 26, 42, 70 to 71, and 137 to 138 ft bls. The fluidresistivity and fluid-temperature logs show changes in slope at 31 and 33 ft bls, respectively, that correlate

with the major fracture shown on the caliper log, indicating a water-producing fracture. Under

nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at 45, 90, and

130 ft bls and no borehole flow at 29 and 140 ft bls (table 22). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulseflowmeter data indicate the fracture at 31 to 36 ft bls is the major water-producing fracture in the borehole.

Water enters the borehole through fractures at 31 to 36 ft bls, moves vertically downward, and exits the

borehole through the fracture at 137 to 138 ft bls.

Table 22. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-647 (R4) on March 6, 1996, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

29 No flow —

45 0.05 Down

90 .05 Down

130 .04 Down

140 No flow —
41

EXPLANATION

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in well at the time of geophysical

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measurement. Number ismeasured flow in gallon per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNDER NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INFERRED) WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UNDER

NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 18. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-647 (R4), collected on MaButz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 14.55

 0.05

0 15 5.0 10

0

150

102030405060708090

100110120130140

40 80 60 6.0 10 8.0

 14.55

 NF

 0.05

.05

.04

 NF

NF

ND

ND

ND
42

MO-648 (R5)

Monitor well MO-648 was logged February 28, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to

a depth of 240 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 19 ft bls (fig. 19). The caliper log shows

major fractures at 42 to 44 and 64 to 66 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout the openhole

interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope at 44 and 154 ft bls that indicate possible waterproducing fractures. The fluid-temperature log also shows a change in slope at 44 ft bls. Under

nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at 38 and 50 ft bls

and no borehole flow at 90, 130, and 170 ft bls (table 23).

A submersible pump was placed at 14 ft bls and the borehole was pumped at approximately

2.7 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 2.35 ft after approximately 1 hour of pumping.

Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter data show upward borehole flow at 38 and 50 ft bls,

minor upward flow at 70 ft bls, and no flow at 90 ft bls (table 23). The suite of geophysical logs and

heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate the fractures at 43 to 45 and 64 to 66 ft bls are the major waterproducing fractures in the borehole; a minor amount of water is produced from the fractures at about 18

and 83 to 86 ft bls.

Table 23. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-648 (R5) on February 28,

1996, at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

38 0.02 Down 0.31 Up

50 .14 Down .16 Up

70 — — .02 Up

90 No flow — No flow —

130 No flow — — —

170 No flow — — —
43

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in we

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT UN

PUMPING CONDITIONS— Circle at deNumber is measured flow in gallon per 

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UND

PUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN WATER-PRODUCING ZONE UN

PUMPING CONDITIONS

KNOWN WATER-RECEIVING ZONE UND

CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 19. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-648 (R5), co

1996, Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 5.32

0.02

ND

NF

5.0 8.0 6.0 7.0

0

240

20406080

100120140160180200220

0 100 50 5 10 6 7 8 9

 5.32

 0.02

.14

 NF

 NF

 NF

ND

ND

ND

 7.56

 NF

.02

.160.31

ND

NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

EXPLANATION
44

MO-649 (R6)

Monitor well MO-649 was logged March 5, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 241 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 18 ft bls (fig. 20). The caliper log shows minor

fractures at 34, 89 to 93, 114, 124, and 207 ft bls plus numerous smaller fractures throughout the openhole

interval. The fluid-resistivity log shows changes in slope at 39 to 44, 52, and 73 ft bls that indicate possible

water-producing fractures. The fluid-temperature log and the fluid-resistivity log below 76 ft bls show a

constant change with depth, indicating no borehole flow. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse

flowmeter measured no borehole flow at 30, 60, and 100 ft bls (table 24).

A submersible pump was placed at 21 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate less than

0.5 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 8.83 ft after 52 minutes of pumping and never

completely stabilized. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter data show upward borehole

flow at 30 and 35 ft bls and no flow at 60 and 100 ft bls (table 24). The suite of geophysical logs and

heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate the fractures at 39 to 58 ft bls probably are the major water-producing

fractures in the borehole.

Table 24. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-649 (R6) on March 5, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

30 No flow — 0.03 Up

35 — — .02 Up

60 No flow — No flow —

100 No flow — No flow —
45

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEVEL—Measured in w

logging

BOREHOLE-FLOW MEASUREMENT U

CONDITIONS— Circle at depth of flow measured flow in gallon per minute.

DIRECTION OF BOREHOLE FLOW UNKNOWN WATER-PRODUCING ZONE U

CONDITIONS

LATERAL FLOW (INFERRED)NO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 20. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-649 (R6), co

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 9.19

0.03

ND

NF

5.0 7.0 5.5 6.0 6.5

0

250

255075

100125150175200225

0 40 20 4.0 10 6.0 8.0

 9.19

NF

NF

NF

0.03

.02

NF

ND NF ND

ND

 18.02 NONPUMPING CONDITIONS

PUMPINGCONDITIONS EXPLANATION

ND
46

MO-651 (PW-A)

Monitor well MO-651 was logged July 8, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 158.5 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 34 ft bls (fig. 21). The caliper log shows

encrustation on the casing from 26 to 34 ft bls and a minor fracture at 100 ft bls plus numerous smaller

fractures throughout the openhole interval. The natural-gamma log shows minor changes in lithology. The

single-point resistance log indicates a water-producing zone at 78 ft bls that correlates to a high-angle

fracture and possible water-receiving zones at 55, 87, 100, 116, and 135 ft bls that correlate to changes in

lithology and may represent bedding-plane fractures. The fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs

show a change in slope at approximately 38 ft bls that correlates to a small fracture on the caliper log. The

fluid-temperature log also shows a change in slope at 151 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the

heatpulse flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at 20, 29, 46, 64, 82, 94, 120, and 142 ft bls and

upward flow at 154 ft bls (table 25). The downward flow measured inside casing at 20 and 29 ft bls is

derived from water in the overburden leaking through poorly connected, threaded-casing joints. The suite

of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, most water

enters the borehole through a break in the casing, a small fracture at 38 ft bls, and below 154 ft bls. Most

water exits the borehole through the small fracture at 150 ft bls.

A submersible pump was placed at 24 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at approximately

1.1 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 9.60 ft after 35 minutes before stabilizing. Under

pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 46, 64, 82, 94, 120, and

142 ft bls and no flow at 154 ft bls (table 25). The fractures at 100 and 150 ft bls produce the greatest amount

of water.

Table 25. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-651 (PW-A) on July 8, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

20 0.21 Down — —

29 .47 Down — —

46 .66 Down 0.81 Up

64 .63 Down 1.1 Up

82 .66 Down 1.1 Up

94 .63 Down 1.1 Up

120 .52 Down .86 Up

142 .45 Down .63 Up

154 .17 Up No flow —
47

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

SBDKKNN

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 21. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-651 (PW-A), 

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 12.63

0.21

ND

NF

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

5.0 6.5 5.5 6.0

0

160

10

2030405060708090

100110120130140150

0 100 50 0 2,500 1,250 0 30 10 20 7.0 10 8.0 9.0

 12.63

0.21

.47

.66

.63

.66

.63

.52

.45

.17

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS PUMPING

CONDITIONS

 22.31

0.81

1.1

1.1

1.1

.86

.63

NF ND
48

MO-652 (PW-B)

Monitor well MO-652 was logged July 9, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 149 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 37 ft bls (fig. 22). The caliper log shows

encrustation on the casing from 30 to 37 ft bls, a major fracture at 140 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures

throughout the openhole interval, and a change in drill bit diameter at 88 ft bls. The natural-gamma log

shows minor variations in lithology. The single-point resistance log indicates possible water-producing or

water-receiving zones at 48, 65, 85, 97, and 112 ft bls that correlate to minor fractures on the caliper log and

at 140 ft bls that correlates to a major fracture. The fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs show a

change in slope at approximately 50 ft bls that correlates to a minor fracture on the caliper log. Under

nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at 56, 82, 104, 128,

and 142 ft bls and no flow at 43 ft bls (table 26). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter

data indicate water enters the borehole through fractures at 48 to 50 and 98 ft bls and moves downward.

Water exits the borehole through fractures at 144 to 145 ft bls.

A submersible pump was placed at 40 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at approximately

0.75 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 0.40 ft after 42 minutes before stabilizing. Under

pumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 56, 82, 104, 128, and

142 ft bls (table 26). The fracture at 144 to 145 ft bls produce the greatest amount of water.

Table 26. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-652 (PW-B) on July 9, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

43 No flow — — —

56 0.35 to 0.62 Down 0.95 Up

82 .35 Down 1.2 Up

104 .42 Down 1.2 Up

128 .46 Down 1.1 Up

142 .37 Down .89 Up
49

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

SBDKKNN

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 22. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-652 (PW-B), 

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 12.17

0.35

ND

NF

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

5.0 9.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 0 120 40 80 0 2,400 1,200 0 15 5.0 10 7.0 9.0 8.0

 12.17

NF

0.35

.35

.42

.46

.89

.37

1.1

1.21.2

0.95

to 0.62

 12.55

ND

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

0

150

102030405060708090

100110120130140

NONPUMPING

CONDITIONS
50

MO-653 (PW-C)

Monitor well MO-653 was logged August 20, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 185.5 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 29 ft bls (fig. 23). The caliper log shows

encrustation on the casing from 17 to 29 ft bls, major fractures at 30 and 32 to 34, and minor fractures from

44 to 49, 87, 89, 128, 134, and 177 ft bls plus numerous smaller fractures throughout the openhole interval.

The caliper, natural-gamma, and single-point resistance logs indicate possible water-producing zones at

100 and 120 ft bls that probably are bedding-plane fractures. The fluid-resistivity log shows a change in

slope at 34, 52, 68, 80, and 110 ft bls. The fluid-temperature log shows a change in slope at 31, 45, 52, and

178 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter measured downward borehole flow at

40, 60, 80, 110, 148, and 172 ft bls and no flow at 180 ft bls (table 27). The suite of geophysical logs and

heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, water enters the borehole through

fractures at 30 to 34 and 40 to 52 ft bls and moves downward; most of the water exits the borehole through

the fracture at 178 ft bls.

A submersible pump was placed at 35 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at approximately

2 gal/min. The water level in the borehole declined 3.22 ft after 49 minutes and never completely

stabilized. Under pumping conditions, the heatpulse-flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 40, 60,

80, 110, 148, and 172 ft bls and no flow at 180 ft bls (table 27). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulseflowmeter data indicate, under pumping conditions, the fractures at 64, 100, 120, and 178 ft bls become

water-producing zones. The fractures from 40 to 52 ft bls become water-receiving zones.

Table 27. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-653 (PW-C) on August 20,

1996, at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

40 0.78 Down 0.28 Up

60 1.4 Down .52 Up

80 1.5 Down .46 Up

110 1.4 Down .37 Up

148 1.5 Down .24 Up

172 1.2 Down .24 Up

180 No flow — No flow —
51

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 23. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-653 (PW-C

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 23.40

0.78

ND

NF

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

4.0 10 6.0 8.0

0

200

20406080

100120140160180

0 150 75 0 2,200 1,100 0 200 100 8.0 9.0 8.5

 23.40

0.78

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.2

NF ND

0.28

.52

.46

.37

.24

.24

NF ND

 26.62

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS
52

MO-654 (PW-D)

Monitor well MO-654 was logged July 1, 1996. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to a

depth of 248 ft bls and is cased with 6-in.-diameter casing to 30 ft bls (fig. 24). The caliper log shows a

major fracture at 42 ft bls plus numerous minor fractures throughout the openhole interval. The naturalgamma log shows only minor variation in lithology except at 68 to 70, 203 to 205, and 206 to 208 ft bls

where more silty or shaley lenses are present. The fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs show

changes in slope at 48 and 100 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured

upward borehole flow at 38, 200, 215, and 238 ft bls and no flow at 50, 81, 116, 150, and 170 ft bls (table 28).

Flow rates, however, varied during logging and probably were affected by the drilling of monitor well

MO-651, indicating the two wells are hydraulically connected. The suite of geophysical logs and

heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, a small quantity of water enters the

borehole at about 44 ft bls, moves upward, and exits the borehole at the fracture just below the casing. The

greatest amount of water enters the borehole below 238 ft bls, moves upward, and exits the borehole

through the fractures between 170 and 200 ft bls. There may be some lateral flow at about 95 ft bls.

A submersible pump was placed at 40 ft bls, and the borehole was pumped at a rate of less than

0.5 gal/min. The pumping rate was periodically decreased in an effort to stabilize drawdown. The water

level in the borehole declined 9.24 ft after 48 minutes of pumping before stabilizing. Under pumping

conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured upward borehole flow at 52, 81, 116, 150, and 225 ft bls and

no borehole flow at 200 and 238 ft bls (table 28). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter

data indicate, under pumping conditions, the fractures at 161 to 163, 238, and possibly 95 ft bls are waterproducing zones.

Table 28. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for borehole MO-654 (PW-D), July 1, 1996,

at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

Flow rate under

pumping conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

pumping conditions

38 0.07 Up — —

50 No flow — — —

52 — — 0.16 Up

81 No flow — .23 Up

116 No flow — .18 Up

150 No flow — .22 Up

170 No flow — — —

200 .07 Up No flow —

215 .16 Up — —

225 — — .06 Up

238 .18 Up No flow —
53

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 24. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping and pumping conditions within MO-654 (PW-D

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 20.55

0.07

ND

NF

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

5.0 6.5 5.5 6.0

0

260

20406080

100120140160180200220240

0 240 120 0 1,500 750 0 20 10 9.0 10.0 9.5

0.07

 20.55

0.16

NF

NF

NF

NF

NF

NF

.23

.18

.22

.06

.18

.16

.07

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

 29.41

NONPUMPINGCONDITIONS

PUMPINGCONDITIONS

NF ND
54

MO-685 (R7)

Monitor well MO-685 was logged November 6, 2000. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled

to a depth of 248 ft bls and is cased with 5.25-in.-diameter casing to 37 ft bls (fig. 25). The caliper log shows

major fractures at 42 to 46 ft bls plus numerous small and minor fractures throughout the open-borehole

interval. The natural-gamma log shows only minor variation in lithology. The single-point resistance log

indicates possible water-producing zones at 44, 46, 105, 112 to 114, 188, and 190 ft bls. The fluid-resistivity

log shows minor deflections in slope at 48, 145, 163, and 213 ft bls. The fluid-temperature log shows minor

deflections in slope at 167, 214, and 226 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter

indicated turbulent flow at 50, 78, and 212 ft bls, no flow at 150, 178, and 232 ft bls, and inconsistent flow

measurements at 106 ft bls (table 29). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate,

under nonpumping conditions, lateral flow is dominant and no flow below the minor fracture at 227 ft bls.

Table 29. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for

borehole MO-685 (R7) on November 6, 2000, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

50 Turbulent —

78 Turbulent —

106 Inconsistent —

150 No flow —

178 No flow —

212 Turbulent —

232 No flow —
55

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER LEV

well at the time ologging

BOREHOLE-FLOW 

UNDER NONPUCONDITIONS— flow measureme

LATERAL FLOW (INNO FLOWNOT DETERMINED

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

Figure 25. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO- 685 (R7), collected on N

Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 10.39

ND

NF

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

3.0 7.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

260

0

20406080

100120140160180200220240

0 200 100 0 4,000 2,000 60 80 70 8.0 9.0 8.5

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

 10.39

NFNF ND

ND

NF ND

EXPLAN
56

MO-686 (R8)

Monitor well MO-686 was logged October 24, 2000. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to

a depth of 249 ft bls and is cased with 5.25-in.-diameter casing to 38 ft bls (fig. 26). The caliper log shows

several minor fractures at 85 to 90, 119 to 121, 129 to 130, 137 to 139, 179, and 193 ft bls plus numerous

smaller fractures throughout the open-borehole interval. The natural-gamma log shows only minor

variation in lithology. The single-point resistance log indicates possible water-producing or waterreceiving zones at 59, 70, 85 to 87, 179, 188, 222, and 229 ft bls. The fluid-resistivity log shows a major

deflection in slope at 40 ft bls and numerous minor deflections from 72 to 172 ft bls and again at 235 ft bls.

The fluid-temperature log shows major changes in slope at 40 and 194 ft bls that correlate to minor

fractures on the caliper log. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward

flow at 50, 78, 114, 142, 170, and 188 ft bls and no flow at 204 and 226 ft bls (table 30). The suite of

geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, most of the water

enters the borehole at 40 ft bls; additional water enters the borehole at about 59 and 70 ft bls. The water

moves downward with most of the water exiting the borehole through fractures at 179 and 193 ft bls. Some

lateral flow may be present from 85 to 87 ft bls.

Table 30. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements for

borehole MO-686 (R8) on October 24, 2000, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

50 1.1 Down

78 1.4 Down

114 1.4 Down

142 1.4 Down

170 1.3 Down

188 1.0 Down

204 No flow —

226 No flow —
57

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

STATIC WATER L

well at the time logging

BOREHOLE-FLO

UNDER NONPCONDITIONSflow measuremmeasured flow 

DIRECTION OF 

UNDER NONPCONDITIONS

KNOWN (OR INF

PRODUCING NONPUMPING 

KNOWN (OR INF

RECEIVING ZNONPUMPING 

LATERAL FLOW NO FLOWNOT DETERMIN

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

Figure 26. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-686 (R8), collected on OcSuperfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 28.07

1.1

ND

NF

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

4.0 5.5 4.5 5.0

0

260

20406080

100120140160180200220240

0 300 100 200 0 4,000 2,000 40 80 60 8.0 10 9.0

 28.07

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

IN INCHES

NF

NF ND

ND

1.1

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.0

EXPLAN
58

MO-687 (R9)

Monitor well MO-687 was logged November 6, 2000. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled

to a depth of 249 ft bls and is cased with 5.25-in.-diameter casing to 37 ft bls (fig. 27). The caliper log shows

a major fracture at 37 ft bls and minor fractures at 116 to 117, 188, 235, and 244 to 246 ft bls plus smaller

fractures throughout the open-borehole interval. The natural-gamma log shows only minor variation in

lithology except at 4 to 6 and 21 to 24 ft bls where more silty or shaley lenses are present. The single-point

resistance log indicates possible water-bearing fractures at 58, 82 to 87, 95, 188, and 244 to 246 ft bls. The

fluid-resistivity log shows a major deflection in slope at 189 ft bls, plus numerous minor deflections from

43, 51, 57, and 70 to 189 ft bls. The fluid-temperature log shows a major deflection at 189 ft bls, plus minor

deflections at 44, 51, 57, 74 to 82, 116, and 140 to 172 ft bls. The borehole video camera proved useful from

38 to 56 ft bls where the water was less cloudy. Possible high-angle fractures were seen at 39 and 41 ft bls.

Possible low-angle fractures were seen at 43 and 46 ft bls. A lithologic contact was seen at 56 ft bls; the

contact dips to the southeast. The interval from 166 to 170 ft bls was somewhat clearer, possibly indicating

a water-producing zone. Possible low-angle fractures were seen at 166 and 170 ft bls. Under nonpumping

conditions, the heatpulse flowmeter measured downward flow at 68, 99, 160, 220, and 240 ft bls and

turbulent flow at 46 and 55 ft bls (table 31). The suite of geophysical logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data

indicate, under nonpumping conditions, most water enters the borehole through fractures from 37 to 59

and 189 ft bls, moves downward, and exits the borehole through the major fracture at 244 to 246 ft bls.

Additional water enters the borehole through minor fractures at 82 to 87 and 95 ft bls.

Table 31. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-687 (R9) on November 6, 2000, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[>, greater than; —, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallons per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

46 Turbulent —

55 Turbulent —

68 > 1.5 Down

99 1.4 Down

160 1.3 Down

220 > 1.5 Down

240 > 1.5 Down
59

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

SBDKKLA

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 27. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-687 (R9), collected on NovemSuperfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 22.65

1.3

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

4.0 7.0 5.0 6.0

0

260

20406080

100120140160180200220240

0 1,000 500 0 2,000 1,000 50 80 60 70 8.0 10.0 9.0

 22.65

> 1.5

1.4

1.3

1.5

> 1.5

>
60

MO-688 (R11B)

Monitor well MO-688 was logged October 24, 2000. The caliper log shows this borehole is drilled to

a depth of 140.2 ft bls and is cased with 6.75-in.-diameter casing to 19 ft bls (fig. 28). The caliper log shows

minor fractures at 37 and 132 ft bls plus numerous smaller fractures throughout the open-borehole

interval. The natural-gamma log shows only minor variation in lithology with less silty layers at 58 to 72

and 113 to 131 ft bls. The single-point resistance log indicates possible water-bearing fractures at 34, 37,

and 74 ft bls. The fluid-resistivity log shows scattered but minor deflections in slope from 25 to 82 ft bls

and continuous but minor deflections from 84 to 139 ft bls. The fluid-temperature log shows minor

deflections in slope at 69 ft bls and from 113 to 139 ft bls. Under nonpumping conditions, the heatpulse

flowmeter measured upward flow at 50, 70, 80, and 100 ft bls and no flow at 30 and 120 ft bls (table 32).

The borehole video camera did not prove useful in well MO-688 because the water was too cloudy for

visual identification of borehole flow or other borehole features such as fractures. The suite of geophysical

logs and heatpulse-flowmeter data indicate, under nonpumping conditions, most water enters the

borehole through a series of small fractures from about 82 to 120 ft bls, moves upward, and exits the

borehole through small or minor fractures between 30 and 50 ft bls.

Table 32. Summary of heatpulse-flowmeter measurements

for borehole MO-688 (R11B) on October 24, 2000, at the Butz Landfill

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

[—, not determined]

Depth

(feet below land

surface)

Flow rate under

nonpumping

conditions

(gallon per minute)

Flow direction under

nonpumping

conditions

30 No flow —

50 0.1 Up

70 0.1 to 0.2 Up

80 .1 Up

100 .1 to .2 Up

120 No flow —
61

DEPTH, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

NATURAL GAMMA,

IN COUNTS PER

SECOND

SINGLE-POINT

RESISTANCE,

IN OHMS

(CALIPER)

HOLE DIAMETER,

INCHES

Figure 28. Borehole geophysical logs and direction of borehole flow under nonpumping conditions within MO-688 (R11B), collected on 

Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

 18.07

0.1

ND

NF

FLUID

RESISTIVITY,

IN OHM-METERS

FLUID

TEMPERATURE,

IN DEGREES

CELSIUS

6.0 7.5 6.5 7.0

0

150

102030405060708090

100110120130140

0 200 100 0 2,000 1,000 0 100 50 7.0 10 8.0 9.0

0.10.1 to 0.2

0.1

0.1 to 0.2

NF ND

NF ND

 18.07
62

SUMMARY

Between February 1996 and November 2000, the USGS, in cooperation with USEPA and BOR,

collected geophysical logs in 27 open-borehole wells at the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson

Township, Monroe County, Pa., to determine casing depth and depths of water-producing zones, waterreceiving zones, and zones of vertical borehole flow. The site was used as a municipal-waste dump from

approximately 1963 to 1969. Video logs also were conducted in 6 of the 27 open-borehole wells to locate

fractures, joints, and weathered zones. The wells range in depth from 57 to 319 ft bls and penetrate the

Long Run Member of the Catskill Formation, which consists of series of fluvial fining upward cycles of

siltstone, shale, and sandstone units. Water-producing or water-receiving zones were penetrated as

shallow as 16 ft bls and as deep as 255 ft bls. Vertical borehole flow was measured in 20 boreholes.

REFERENCES CITED

Berg, T.M., Barnes, J.H., Sevon, W.D., Skema, V.W., Wilshusen, J.P., and Yannacci, D.W., 1989,

Physiographic provinces of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., map 13

(color), scale 1:2,000,000, 8.5 × 11 inches.

Berg, T.M., Sevon, W.D., and Bucek, M.F., 1977, Geology and mineral resources of the Pocono Pines and

Mount Pocono Quadrangles, Monroe County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th

ser., Atlas 204 cd, 66 p.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1994, Interim geology report for geophysical and survey work plan stage II, phase

I, Butz Landfill, OU-2, Monroe County, Pennsylvania, volumes 1 and 2.

Carswell, L.D., and Lloyd, O.B., Jr., 1979, Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County,

Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., Water-Resource Report 47, 61 p.

Conger, R.W., 1996, Borehole geophysical logging for water-resources investigation in Pennsylvania:

U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 218-95, 2 p.

Fenneman, N.M., 1938, Physiography of Eastern United States: New York, McGraw-Hill Book

Company, Inc., 691 p.

Keys, W.S., 1990, Borehole geophysics applied to ground-water investigations: U.S. Geological Survey

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 2, chap. E1, 149 p.

Williams, J.H., and Conger, R.W., 1990, Preliminary delineation of contaminated water-bearing fractures

intersected by open-hole bedrock wells: Groundwater Monitoring Review, Fall 1990, p. 118-121.