• Avian Acute Oral with a Passerine Species (OCSPP Guideline 850.2100): Acceptable 

acute avian acute oral toxicity data were not submitted for a passerine species exposed to 

Kresoxim-methyl, which is now required under the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements. 

Though the available bobwhite quail study indicates Kresoxim-methyl has low toxicity to 

upland game bird species, passerine species may be more or less sensitive to this 

chemical as a result of their higher metabolic rate and differing metabolic pathways. An 

avian oral toxicity study is needed for a passerine species. A passerine study protocol 

must be submitted for review by the Agency prior to initiation of the study.

• Estuarine/marine Invertebrate Chronic Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 

850.1350): Kresoxim-methyl has outdoor uses that may result in exposure to 

estuarine/marine invertebrates. In addition, kresoxim-methyl is highly toxic to 

estuarine/marine invertebrates on an acute basis. An ACR is not appropriate because the 

freshwater acute and chronic data are based on the daphnid, which does not have a 

similar life history to the most sensitive estuarine/marine invertebrate species studied in 

the acute test (i.e., eastern oyster). An ACR could be applied to the available acute mysid 

shrimp endpoint; however, the mysid is roughly 50x less sensitive than the eastern oyster 

so this would introduce considerable uncertainty. Therefore this study is requested to 

reduce the uncertainty. Without this data chronic risk to estuarine/marine species will be 

presumed.

• Estuarine/marine Fish Early-Life Stage Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 

850.1400): Kresoxim-methyl has outdoor uses that may result in exposure to 

estuarine/marine fish. Though kresoxim-methyl is only moderately toxic to 

estuarine/marine fish on an acute basis this study is requested to reduce the uncertainty. 

An ACR from the freshwater species is not appropriate because the acute and chronic 

studies used different freshwater species. Without this data chronic risk to 

estuarine/marine species will be presumed.
Problem Formulation for the Environmental Fate and 

Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Drinking 

Water Assessments in Support of the Registration 

Review of Kresoxim-methyl

(E)-α-(methoxyimino)-2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]benzeneacetic acid methyl 

ester

CAS Registry Number: 143390-89-0

PC Code: 129111

Prepared by:

Elizabeth Riley, Biologist

Iwona Maher, Environmental Scientist

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pesticide Programs

Environmental Fate and Effects Division

Environmental Risk Branch VI

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

Mail Code 7507P

Washington, DC 20460

Reviewed by:

William P. Eckel, Senior Science Advisor

Stephen Carey, Biologist

November 20, 2012

Office of Chemical Safety 

and Pollution Prevention
Contents

1. Introduction............................................................................................................................. 5

2. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments....................................................................... 5

2.1. Ecological Risk Assessments.......................................................................................... 5

2.2. Drinking Water Exposure Assessments........................................................................... 6

2.3. Clean Water Act Programs............................................................................................... 6

3. Environmental Fate and Transport............................................................................................. 6

3.1. Transformation Products.................................................................................................. 9

4. Receptors............................................................................................................................... 11

4.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms ........................................................................................ 11

4.2. Effects to Terrestrial Organisms .................................................................................... 12

4.3. Ecological Incidents....................................................................................................... 13

5. Exposure Pathways of Concern ............................................................................................ 14

6. Analysis Plan ........................................................................................................................... 14

6.1. Stressors of Concern....................................................................................................... 14

6.2. Measures of Exposure ................................................................................................... 15

6.3. Measures of Effect ......................................................................................................... 15

6.4. Endangered Species Assessments.................................................................................. 15

6.5. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program ....................................................................... 15

7. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps............................................................................ 16

7.1. Environmental Fate............................................................................................................ 16

7.2. Effects................................................................................................................................ 17

8. References................................................................................................................................ 22

Appendices................................................................................................................................ 22
1. Introduction

EFED evaluated the most recent ecological risk assessments for Kresoxim-methyl in association 

with the updated toxicity, exposure, and usage information to determine if sufficient data are 

available and if further updates are needed to support registration review. Recent risk 

assessments include a 2006 assessment for the use of Kresoxim-methyl on cucurbit vegetables 

(DP Barcode 326550). In addition, EFED considered the latest Agency science policies and risk 

assessment methodologies. The structure of Kresoxim-methyl, as well as the chemical names 

and other identifiers can be found in the chemical identity table attached to this document

(Appendix 1).

Kresoxim-methyl is a fungicide in the strobilurin class used to inhibit spore germination, 

sporulation, and mycelia growth on leaf surfaces. It is registered for use on pome fruits, 

cucurbits, grapes, pecans, greenhouse ornamentals, and non-residential landscape areas. It is 

formulated in 2 active end-use products as a water dispersible granule. Treatment equipment 

includes aircraft, ground equipment, high volume ground sprayer, and low volume ground 

sprayer. The chemical profile produced by BEAD, located in the docket, lists the use patterns of 

maximum exposures for the current uses of Kresoxim-methyl. EFED will use application 

scenarios that result in maximum exposure scenarios for a given use for the risk assessment. 

2. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

2.1. Ecological Risk Assessments

The Agency has conducted multiple ecological risk assessments on Kresoxim-methyl that serve 

as a basis for this scoping document. These assessments are briefly summarized below.

The most recent risk assessments for Kresoxim-methyl are for the IR-4 new use registration of 

Kresoxim-methyl on cucurbit vegetables (DP Barcode 326550) and the Section 3 registration for 

use on apples, grapes and pecans (DP Barcodes 244862, 248122, 248123, 248359, 245119, 

246782, 246987, and 250295). The major ecological conclusions presented in these risk 

assessments were as follows:

Table 1. Summary of Risk Concerns Identified for Kresoxim-methyl in Previous Assessments

Birds Mammals Terr.

Plants

Terr.

Inverts Fish BCF Aquatic Inverts

Aquatic 

Plants

Groundwater 

Contamination Persistence Degradates of Concern

-- -- -- -- -- -- √ a -- √ b -- BF 490-1 a

 LOCs exceeded for estuarine/marine invertebrates and estuarine/marine and freshwater mollusks b

 Though the parent degrades rapidly, the major acid degradate (BF 490-1) has the physical/chemical characteristics 

in common with those pesticides known to leach into ground water or to move offsite to surface water. However, 

available toxicity data for BF 490-1 indicates that it is practically non-toxic to freshwater organisms. 
2.2. Drinking Water Exposure Assessments

The latest Tier II drinking water exposure assessment for the proposed new use on the cucurbit 

vegetable was conducted for Kresoxim-methyl in 2006 (USEPA, 2006, D330783). That exposure 

assessment included both the parent and the major degradate BF-490-1. Exposure estimates of 

Kresoxim-methyl from currently labeled uses that produce maximum exposure (modified 

cucumber scenario) were 11.7 μg/L (1-in-10-year peak), 0.11 μg/L (1-in-10-year annual mean), 

and 0.07 μg/L (30-year mean) for surface water and 3.85 x 10-4 μg/L for ground water.

Exposure estimates of BF 490-1 generated from the same scenario were 46.3 μg/L (1-in-10-year 

peak), 14.8 μg/L (1-in-10-year annual mean), and 7.81 μg/L (30-year mean) for surface water 

and 6.27 μg/L for ground water. A modified PRZM/EXAMS scenario for modeling Florida 

cucumbers was utilized to account for two growing seasons per year. In modeling concentrations 

of BF 490-1, full conversion to the degradate from the rapidly degrading parent compound was 

assumed.

2.3. Clean Water Act Programs

Kresoxim-methyl is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water bodies listed as 

impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. No Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) 

criteria have been developed for Kresoxim-methyl. Aquatic benchmarks have been established 

for Kresoxim-methyl and are available at 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/ecorisk_ders/aquatic_life_benchmark.htm. Any data submitted or 

otherwise located as part of the registration review process may be used to update aquatic life 

benchmarks if applicable. 

3. Environmental Fate and Transport

Based on findings of the environmental fate laboratory studies, parent Kresoxim-methyl appears 

to rapidly degrade and is of moderate mobility. Kresoxim-methyl degrades very rapidly to BF 

490-1 in soil under aerobic conditions (half-life less than 1 day), degrades rapidly under aerobic 

aquatic metabolism conditions (half-life of 1.3 days), and in flooded soil under anaerobic aquatic 

metabolism conditions (half-life of 1.1 day). The parent compound has low water solubility (2 

ppm) appears to be non-volatile in water and soil, and has moderate potential to bioconcentrate

followed by rapid depuration. It is very stable to hydrolysis at pH 5, relatively stable at pH 7 

(half-life=34 days), and becomes more susceptible to hydrolysis at pH 9 (half-life=7 hours) 

forming BF 490-1. It is also relatively stable to aqueous and soil photolysis. 

A rapidly degraded parent compound is unlikely to have adverse effects on the environment.

Results from the terrestrial field dissipation study (MRID 44421005) showed that Kresoximmethyl dissipated relatively rapidly with a half-life of less than 3 days in the bare ground plots of 

the New York, Oregon, and California sites. Kresoxim-methyl was not detected below the 3-inch 

depth at any sampling interval, with the exception of one Kresoxim-methyl detection (0.012 
ppm) in one of the three replicates in 3-6” soil depth immediately after the first application in the 

Oregon site. Since Kresoxim-methyl is expected to dissipate rapidly via metabolism, it is rather 

unlikely that it will leach into ground water of a shallow aquifer, but it may reach surface water 

via spray drift during an application. Its acid degradate, BF 490-1, appears to be more persistent 

and more mobile than the parent, and it may potentially move off site into nearby bodies of 

water, and leach into shallow aquifers. Therefore, both the parent and the major degradate BF490-1 will be considered in the risk assessment. A selection of environmental fate and transport 

properties of Kresoxim-methyl and its major degradate, BF 490-1, is summarized in Table 2.

Table 2. Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate Parameters of Kresoxim-methyl

and the major dagradate BF-490-1.

Parameter Value Description Source

Selected Physical/Chemical Parameters

Molecular mass (molecular 

formula)

Parent

313.4 g/mol (C18H19NO4)

BF-490-1

299.3 g/mol (C17H17NO4)

-- Phys/chem. Property 

data (Sec. 3)

Vapor pressure (20°C) 1 .71x 10-9 mmHg (parent) Non-volatile parent

and degradate

Phys/chem. Property 

data (Sec. 3)

Aqueous solubility (20°C) 2 mg/L (parent)

3661 (BF 490-1)

Low water solubility

Highly water soluble

Phys/chem. Property 

data (Sec. 3)

Estimated based on 

Koc

Henry’s Law Constant 3.5x 10-10atm m3/mol (parent) Non-volatile Phys/chem. Property 

data (Sec. 3)

Log octanol-to-water partition 

coefficient (Log KOW)

3.40 (25oC; parent) Moderately 

hydrophobic

Phys/chem. Property 

data (Sec. 3)

Persistence

Hydrolysis half-life (25°C) pH 5: stable (parent)

pH 7: 34 d (parent)

pH 9: 7 hrs (parent)

pH 5,7,9: stable (BF 490-1)

Hydrolysis of parent 

shows a strong pH 

dependence 

MRID 43864268

Aqueous photolysis half-life 

(pH 5, 25°C)

59.6 d (parent)

14.8 d (parent)

stable (BF 490-1)

Not major route of 

degradation

MRID 44341031

MRID 44341032

Soil photolysis half-life (25°C) 70.4 d (parent)

stable (BF 490-1)

Not major route of 

degradation

MRID 44341033

Aerobic soil metabolism half-life 

(20°C)

<1 d (parent)

131 d (BF 490-1)

Rapid degradation 

pathway

Persistent in soil

MRIDs 43864269, 

43864270, 43864271

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism 

half-life (20°C)

0.9, 1.3 (parent) Rapid degradation 

pathway

MRID 43864272
Parameter Value Description Source

Aerobic aquatic metabolism 

half-life (20°C)

1.2 d, 1.3 d (parent)

>>100 d (BF 490-1)

Rapid degradation 

pathway

MRID 43864273

Mobility

Freundlich soil-water partition 

coefficients (KF); 

parent

0.93, 3.45, 6.49, 10.52 L/kg

BF-490-1

0.44, 0.79, 0.87 L/kgOC

MRID 43864276

MRID 44341034

Organic carbon-normalized 

Freundlich coefficients (KFOC)

parent

249, 320, 541, 567

BF 490-1

33, 44, 69

Moderate mobility

Mobile

A

MRID 43864276

MRID 44341034

Field Dissipation

Terrestrial field dissipation halflife; leaching depthNew York (bare loamy sand)

4.5 hrs (parent, 0-3” depth)

6.8 d (parent + BF 490-1)

10 d (parent + BF 490-5)

Oregon (bare loam/silt loam)

2.9 d (parent, 0-3” depthB)

6.6 d (parent + BF 490-1)

18 d (parent + BF 490-5)

California (bare sandy 

loam/loamy sand) 

<1 hr (parent, 0-3” depth)

4.9 d (parent + BF 490-1), 

BF 490-1leached to deepest 

sampling depth of 8-12”

4 d (parent + BF 490-5)

MRID 44421005

Nova Scotia (sandy loam)

BF 490-1 (3-6” depth)

Ontario (loam)

BF 490-1 (6-12” depth)

British Columbia (sandy 

loam)

BF 490-1 (6-12” depth)

Mobility of anionic 

BF 490-1 showed to

be pH dependentC

MRID 44619801

Fish Bioconcentration

Fish bioconcentration factors 

(BCF); depuration rate

430X (visceria), 53X (fillet), 

220X (whole); 72%

(visceria), 90% (fillet), 78% 

(whole) depuration in 1 day

Moderate

bioconcentration 

potential

MRID 44341037

A Based on the standardized classification scheme from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN B With the exception of one Kresoxim-methyl detection (0.012 ppm) in one of three replicates in 3-6” soil zone

immediately after the first application. The detection was likely caused by contamination. C Jackson, S.H. and Wesley, D.S. 1997. Field Dissipation of BAS 490 F in orchard use patterns for Canada. 

Submitted by BASF.
3.1. Transformation Products

The major degradate of Kresoxim-methyl in submitted environmental fate studies was BF 490-1, 

e.g. acid of Kresoxim-methyl (hydrolysis pH 7 and 9, aerobic soil metabolism, aerobic and 

anaerobic aquatic metabolism). One minor degradate, BF 490-5, a diacid of Kresoxim-methyl, 

was observed in the aerobic soil metabolism and field dissipation study. Table 3 summarizes the 

transformation product of Kresoxim-methyl and its maximum amounts formed.

BF 490-1 formed up to 100% of the applied parent at 4 days posttreatment (PTT) during 

hydrolysis at pH 9 and only minimally decreased in concentration by study termination to 98.4% 

at 30 days PTT. In the aerobic soil metabolism study, the degradate was formed in the amount of 

66.7% on the second day PTT and decreased to 8.5% at the study termination at 364 days PTT. 

This degradate was detected in the field studies at the maximum of 0.361 ppm in a soil depth of 

3”, at the Oregon site, after the 4th application of Kresoxim-methyl to the soil. In this study 

Kresoxim-methyl was applied four times at 0.24 lbs a.i./acre/application at seven-day intervals.

BF 490-1 leached to the deepest sampling depth which was up to 12-inches deep in the 

California site of the terrestrial field dissipation study (MRID 44421005). 

Based on the submitted environmental fate studies for the parent and analysis of the formation 

and decline curve for BF 490-1, the degradate is stable to hydrolysis, aerobic and anaerobic 

aquatic metabolism, relatively stable to aerobic soil metabolism, and shown to be moderately 

persistent in the terrestrial field dissipation study. A mobility study indicates that BF 490-1 is 

mobile, with KFOC values in three soils ranging from 33 to 69 (MRID 44341034). There is 

potential for BF 490-1 to leach into ground water in vulnerable aquifers, such as those with 

alkaline soils, low organic matter, high sand, or a shallow ground water table. The degradate has 

a potential to move off site to nearby surface water following rainfall.
Page 10 of 35

Table 3. Kresoxim-methyl and its Major Environmental Degradate

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type

Ref.

(MRID)

Maximum 

%AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study 

length)

PARENT

Kresoximmethyl

(BAS 490 F)

CAS No.: 143390-89-0

Formula: C18H19NO4

MW: 313.4 g/mol

MAJOR TRANSFORMATION PRODUCT

BF 490-1

(acid of Kresoximmethyl)

((E)-2-[2-(2-

methylphenoxy)methyl]-phenyl2-(methoxyimido)acetic acid

Formula: C17H17NO4

MW: 299.3 g/mol

Hydrolysis

pH7

pH9

43864268 45.3% (30 d)

100% (4 d)

45.3% (30 d)

98.4% (30 d)

Soil photolysis 44341033 2.4% (15 d) 2.4% (15 d)

Aerobic soil 43864271

44539707 A

66.7% (2 d)

57.2% (14 d)

8.5% (364 d)

7.1% (218 d)

Anaerobic 

aquatic 43864272 90.7% (7 d)91.5% (14 d)

24.3% (363 d) B

34.9% (363 d) C

Aerobic aquatic 43864273 79.7% (7 d)

81.2% (7 d)

69.1% (100 d)D

67.5% (100 d)E

Terr dissipation 44421005

0.25 ppm (3 d)

F

0.361 ppm (3 d)F

0.238 ppm (2 d)F

0 ppm (360 d)F

A Study in which an exaggerated dose rate was used. B Study conducted on phenoxy ring-labeled [14C]kresoximm ethyl (A-label) plus non-radiolabeled kresoxim methyl. C Study conducted with an undiluted mixture of uniformly phenyl ring-labeled [14C]kresoxim methyl (B-labeled) .

D In the Krempe water/sediment system. E In the Ohlau water/sediment system. F Kresoxim-methyl was applied four times at 0.24 lbs a.i./acre/application and seven-day intervals.

 Provided are average soil residue values in ppm at the 0-3" soil depth after the 4th application in New York, Oregon, and California soil. 
Page 11 of 35

4. Receptors

Table and Table provide a summary of the aquatic and terrestrial taxonomic groups, 

respectively, and most sensitive surrogate species tested to characterize the potential 

acute and chronic ecological effects of Kresoxim-methyl. Table provides this same 

information for the degradate BF 490-1. In addition, the tables provide a preliminary 

overview of the potential acute toxicity of Kresoxim-methyl by providing the acute 

toxicity classifications. Based on the available ecotoxicity information, Kresoxim-methyl

is particularly toxic to freshwater fish and freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates. 

Kresoxim-methyl is also moderately toxic to estuarine/marine fish. However, Kresoximmethyl is practically non-toxic to birds, mammals and terrestrial invertebrates. Available 

data on the major degradate, BF 490-1, suggest that it is less toxic than parent Kresoximmethyl. Additional detail is included in the following tables.

4.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms

Table 4. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Aquatic Toxicity Studies for 

Kresoxim-methyl

Taxonomic 

Group

Study 

Type

Surrogate Species Toxicity Value

(all units in 

terms of 

measured 

active 

ingredient)

Acute 

Toxicity 

Classification

Source

(Study 

classification)

Freshwater fish1

Acute

Rainbow Trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

LC50 = 0.19

mg/L Highly toxic 43864227

(Acceptable)

Chronic 

(Early 

LifeStage)

Fathead Minnow 

(Pimephales 

promelas)

NOAEC = 0.087

mg/L

LOAEC = 0.160

mg/L

Endpoint: 

survival and 

growth

-- 44341008

(Acceptable)

Freshwater 

invertebrates

Acute Water Flea 

(Daphnia magna)

EC50 = 0.332

mg/L Highly toxic 43864230

(Acceptable)

Chronic Water Flea 

NOAEC = 0.055

mg/L

LOAEC = 0.107

mg/L

Endpoint: 

reproduction 

and growth

--

44341004

(Acceptable)

Estuarine/marine 

fish Acute

Sheepshead Minnow 

(Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

LC50 = 1.173

mg/L

Moderately

toxic

44341005

(Acceptable)
Page 12 of 35

Taxonomic 

Group

Study 

Type

Surrogate Species Toxicity Value

(all units in 

terms of 

measured 

active 

ingredient)

Acute 

Toxicity 

Classification

Source

(Study 

classification)

Chronic No data available. 

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrates

Acute

Eastern Oyster 

(Crassostrea 

virginica)

EC50 = 0.0015

mg/L 

Endpoint: shell 

growth

Very highly

toxic

44341006

(Acceptable)

Chronic No data available.

Aquatic plants 

and algae

Vascular Duckweed 

(Lemna gibba)

NOAEC = 0.301

mg/L

EC50 > 0.301

mg/L

-- 44341014

(Acceptable)

Nonvascular

Freshwater diatom

(Navicula 

pelliculosa)

NOAEC = 0.012 

mg/L

EC50 = 0.0292 

mg/L

-- 44341018

(Acceptable)

1 Freshwater fish may be surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians.

Table 5. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Aquatic Toxicity Studies for BF 

490-1

Taxonomic 

Group

Study 

Type

Surrogate 

Species

Toxicity Value

(all units in terms 

of measured 

degradate)

Acute

Toxicity 

Classification

Source

(Study 

classification)

Freshwater fish1 Acute Rainbow Trout LC50 > 104 mg/L Practically 

non-toxic

43864228

(Supplemental)

Freshwater 

invertebrates Acute Water Flea NOAEC = 60 mg/L

EC50 > 100 mg/L

Practically 

non-toxic

43864229

(Supplemental)

1 Freshwater fish may be surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians.

4.2. Effects to Terrestrial Organisms

Table 6. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Terrestrial Toxicity Studies for 

Kresoxim-methyl

Taxonomic 

Group

Study 

Type

Surrogate 

Species

Toxicity Value

(all units in terms 

of measured 

active ingredient)

Acute 

Toxicity 

Classification

Source 

(Study 

classification)

Birds1 Acute

Bobwhite quail

(Colinus 

virginianus)

LD50 > 2150

mg/kg-bw

Practically 

non-toxic

43883602

(Acceptable)
Page 13 of 35

Taxonomic 

Group

Study 

Type

Surrogate 

Species

Toxicity Value

(all units in terms 

of measured 

active ingredient)

Acute 

Toxicity 

Classification

Source 

(Study 

classification)

Sub-acute 

dietary

Mallard duck

(Anas 

platyrhynchos)

LC50 > 5000

mg/kg-diet

Practically 

non-toxic

00022923

(Acceptable)

Chronic Bobwhite quail

NOAEC = 500

mg/kg-diet

LOAEC = 1000

mg/kg-diet

Endpoint: eggs 

cracked/eggs laid

-- 43864225

(Acceptable)

Mammals

Acute Oral

Laboratory rat 

(Rattus 

norvegicus)

LD50 > 5000

mg/kg-bw

Practically 

non-toxic 43864232

Chronic

Laboratory rat 

(Rattus 

norvegicus)

NOAEL = 10000 

mg/kg-diet

LOAEL = 16000

mg/kg-diet

Endpoint: systemic 

toxicity

-- 43864253

Insects Acute 

contact

Honey bee 

(Apis mellifera 

L.)

LD50 > 25 μg/bee Practically 

non-toxic

44341030

(Supplemental)

Terrestrial 

plants

Seedling 

Emergence2

Dicot EC25 > 0.35 lb/A --

44341013

(Acceptable

Monocot EC25 > 0.35 lb/A --

Vegetative 

Vigor3

Dicot – lettuce4

(Lactuca sativa)

NOAEC = 0.18 

lb/A

EC25 = 0.30 lb/A

Endpoint: shoot dry 

weight

-- 44341016

(Acceptable)

Monocot EC25 > 0.35 lb/A -- 44421002

(Acceptable)

1 Birds represent surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles. 2 Data are from Tier I seedling emergence or vegetative vigor study.

3 Data are from Tier I vegetative vigor study unless otherwise noted. 4 Based on results from the Tier I vegetative vigor study a Tier II study was conducted with lettuce only.

4.3. Ecological Incidents

The ecological incident information system (EIIS) is an OPP database that houses 

ecological incidents that have been reported to the Agency. When available, EIIS 

includes date and location of an incident, type and magnitude of effects observed in 
Page 14 of 35

various species, use(s) of pesticides known or suspected of contributing to the incident, 

and results of any chemical residue analysis or other analyses conducted during incident 

investigation. EIIS incidents are categorized according to the certainty that the incident 

resulted from pesticide exposure. The Avian Monitoring System (AIMS) is a database 

administered by the American Bird Conservancy that contains publicly available data on 

reported avian incidents involving pesticides. Many of the incidents listed in this 

database are also in the EIIS. 

There were no reported incidents in EIIS for kresoxim-methyl. However, incidents with 

plants, birds, honey bees, and fish have been reported with other chemicals in the 

strobilurin class. For example, there are multiple reports of the phytotoxic effects of 

azoxystrobin to plants. In addition, a California bee keeper reported that a combination of 

pesticides, including the strobilurins pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin, resulted in the 

death of his bees (Incident No. I024029-001). There are also reports of pyraclostrobin 

effects on fish (Incident No. I020252-001) and plants (Incident No. I022082-32). 

As of 9 July, 2012, AIMS identified no ecological incidents involving Kresoxim-methyl

and no minor incidents have been reported. 

5. Exposure Pathways of Concern

The environmental fate and toxicity profile for Kresoxim-methyl and its degradate 

suggests that direct spray, spray drift, leaching and runoff represent the likely exposure 

pathways for terrestrial and aquatic non-target organisms. Drinking water and inhalation 

exposure pathways were screened using the SIP (Screening Imbibition Program) and 

STIR (Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk) screening methods and were found to be 

exposure pathways of low concern (no LOC exceedances are expected). SIP and STIR 

are described in detail at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm.

6. Analysis Plan

6.1. Stressors of Concern

Ecological Risk Assessment

Based on available toxicity data, it appears that the only stressor of ecological concern for 

terrestrial organisms is Kresoxim-methyl. 

Submitted studies indicate that the primary degradate BF 490-1 is less toxic to aquatic 

animals than Kresoxim-methyl. Therefore, all risk calculations will be for parent 

Kresoxim-methyl only. 

Drinking Water 
Page 15 of 35

The drinking water assessments conducted to support future human health risk 

assessments of Kresoxim-methyl will incorporate model estimates of Kresoxim-methyl

residues of concern, which are the parent compound and the major degradate BF 490-1

(USEPA, 2006; DP barcode 399718) in surface and ground waters. Kresoxim-methyl

and BF 490-1 will be assessed separately. To model concentrations of BF 490-1, full 

conversion to the degradate from Kresoxim-methyl will be assumed. In the absence of 

data, it will be assumed that BF 490-1 is stable to anaerobic aquatic metabolism and the 

aerobic aquatic metabolism input value will also be assumed stable (as two available 

half-lives are reported only as >100 days, DWA 2006). 

6.2. Measures of Exposure 

EFED will use standard available models to evaluate potential exposures to aquatic and 

terrestrial organisms as described at 

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm.

6.3. Measures of Effect 

Toxicity data presented in Section 3 of this problem formulation will be used to calculate 

risk quotients. Any additional information submitted by the registrant or found in the 

open literature prior to conduct of the risk assessment will also be considered. The open 

literature studies are identified using EPA’s ECOTOXicology database (ECOTOX) 

(USEPA, 2007c), which employs a literature search engine for locating chemical toxicity 

data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. The evaluation of both sources of 

data can also provide insight into the direct and indirect effects of pesticides on biotic 

communities from loss of species that are sensitive to the chemicals and from changes in 

structure and functional characteristics of the affected communities.

6.4. Endangered Species Assessments

Consistent with the Agency’s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), 

the Agency will evaluate risks to federally listed threatened and/or endangered (listed) 

species from registered uses of pesticides in registration review. The process for 

evaluating potential risks to listed species is further described at 

http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/endanger/litstatus/riskasses.htm.

6.5. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

Kresoxim-methyl was not included in the first group of 67 chemicals issued an order to 

conduct Tier 1 EDSP testing. For additional information the EDSP program, visit 

http://www.epa.gov/endo/. 
Page 16 of 35

7. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps 

7.1. Environmental Fate

The registrant did not submit a separate aerobic soil metabolism study for BF 490-1. A

study submitted for the parent (MRID 43864271) was used to derive a valid half-life for 

BF 490-1. Additional data are not crucial because they are not expected to substantially 

change the aerobic soil metabolism half-life obtained from the formation and decline 

curve of the submitted study for the parent. Besides this, the environmental fate and 

transport database is complete for the purpose of the Kresoxim-methyl registration 

review.

Table and Table identify environmental fate studies by MRID that offer data for each 

guideline requirement, as well as study classifications and whether or not further data are 

needed in order to support risk assessment.

Table 7. Submitted Environmental Fate Data for Kresoxim-methyl

OCSPP 

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed to 

conduct risk 

assessment?

Justification and Assumptions EPA 

will Make in Absence of Data

835.2120 Hydrolysis 43864268 Acceptable No --

835.2240 Aqueous 

photolysis

44341031 Acceptable No --

44341032 Acceptable

835.2410 Soil photolysis 44341033 Acceptable No --

835.4100 Aerobic soil 

metabolism

43864271 Acceptable No --

43864269/

43864270

Supplemental

44539707 Supplemental

835.4300 Aerobic aquatic 

metabolism

43864273 Supplemental No --

835.4400 Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

43864272 Acceptable No --

835.1230

835.1240

Adsorption/ 

desorption and 

leaching

43864276 Acceptable No --

43864274 Unacceptable

835.6100 Terrestrial field 

dissipation

44421005 Acceptable No --

43883606 Unacceptable

44619801 Supplemental

Storage Stability 

Study (TFD)

44649202 Supplemental

165-4 Fish 44341037 Supplemental No Additional data are not needed because 
Page 17 of 35

OCSPP 

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed to 

conduct risk 

assessment?

Justification and Assumptions EPA 

will Make in Absence of Data

(850.1730) bioconcentration 44341038 Supplemental Kresoxim-methyl if found in surface 

water it is expected to degrade rapidly 

thus will not be available to appreciably 

bioconcentrate in aquatic animals.

NonguidelineAnalytical 

method in soil

(modified)

44341025 Acceptable No The analytical methods were validated 

by independent laboratory and evaluated 

by (ECM No. 0 137s 1 and 01 37W 1 -

W2) the OPP/EPA Environmental 

Chemistry Laboratory in

Mississippi.

Analytical 

method in 

aquatic media 

4434 1015 Acceptable

Table 8. Submitted Environmental Fate Data for Kresoxim-methyl Degradate, BF 490-1.

OCSPP 

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed to 

conduct risk 

assessment?

Justification and Assumptions EPA 

will Make in Absence of

Data/Comments

835.4100 Aerobic soil 

metabolism

NA -- No A separate study conducted on BF 490-1 

is not available; however, a study 

submitted for the parent (MRID 

43864271) was sufficient to calculate a 

valid half-life for BF 490-1. Additional 

data are not needed because they are not 

expected to substantially change the 

resulted half-live from the formation and 

decline curve.

835.1230 Adsorption/ 

desorption

44341034 Acceptable No --

43864275 Unacceptable

NonguidelineStorage Stability 

Study (TFD)

44649202 Supplemental No Conducted on BF 490-1 and BF 490-5.

Analytical 

method in soil

(modified)

44341025 Acceptable No The analytical methods were validated 

by independent laboratory and evaluated 

by (ECM No. 0 137s 1 and 01 37W 1 -

W2) the OPP/EPA Environmental 

Chemistry Laboratory in Mississippi.

Analytical 

method in 

aquatic media 

4434 1015 Acceptable

NA – not available

7.2. Effects

Table and Table identify ecological effects studies by MRID that offer data for each 

guideline requirement, as well as study classifications and whether or not further data are 

needed in order to support risk assessment. Rationale for the additional data requested is 

presented below the tables.
Page 18 of 35

For the major degradate BF 490-1, acute toxicity data are available for freshwater fish

and freshwater invertebrates. This data is sufficient for the registration review risk 

assessment for Kresoxim-methyl. Table identifies ecological effects studies that are 

needed for the effects assessment and rationale for these requests is presented in the table.

Table 9. Submitted Aquatic Ecological Effects Data for Kresoxim-methyl

OCSPP

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed to 

conduct 

risk 

assessment?

Justification and 

Assumptions EPA will Make 

in Absence of Data

850.1010 Freshwater 

invertebrate 

acute toxicity

43864230 Acceptable No --

850.1025

850.1035

Estuarine/Marine

invertebrate 

acute toxicity 

44341006 Acceptable No --

44341007 Acceptable

850.1075 Freshwater fish 

acute toxicity 

43864226 Acceptable No --

43864227 Acceptable

850.1075 Estuarine/Marine

fish acute 

toxicity 

444341005 Acceptable No --

850.1300 Freshwater 

invertebrate 

life cycle 

44341004 Acceptable No --
Page 19 of 35

OCSPP

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed to 

conduct 

risk 

assessment?

Justification and 

Assumptions EPA will Make 

in Absence of Data

850.1350 Estuarine/Marine

invertebrates 

life cycle 

(None) (N/A) Yes Kresoxim-methyl has outdoor 

uses that may result in 

exposure to estuarine/marine 

invertebrates. In addition, 

kresoxim-methyl is highly 

toxic to estuarine/marine 

invertebrates on an acute basis. 

An ACR is not appropriate 

because the freshwater acute 

and chronic data are based on 

the daphnid, which does not 

have a similar life history to the 

most sensitive estuarine/marine

invertebrate species studied in 

the acute test (i.e., eastern 

oyster). An ACR could be 

applied to the available acute 

mysid shrimp endpoint; 

however, the mysid is roughly 

50x less sensitive than the 

eastern oyster so this would 

introduce considerable 

uncertainty. Therefore this 

study is requested to reduce the 

uncertainty. Without this data 

chronic risk to estuarine/marine 

species will be presumed.

850.1400 Freshwater fish 

early-life stage

44341008 Acceptable No --
Page 20 of 35

OCSPP

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed to 

conduct 

risk 

assessment?

Justification and 

Assumptions EPA will Make 

in Absence of Data

850.1400 Estuarine/Marine

fish 

early-life stage

(None) (N/A) Yes Kresoxim-methyl has outdoor 

uses that may result in 

exposure to estuarine/marine 

fish. Though kresoxim-methyl 

is only moderately toxic to 

estuarine/marine fish on an 

acute basis this study is 

requested to reduce the 

uncertainty. An ACR from the 

freshwater species is not 

appropriate because the acute 

and chronic studies used 

different freshwater species. 

Without this data chronic risk 

to estuarine/marine species will 

be presumed. 

850.1500 Fish life cycle (None) (N/A) No --

850.4400 Aquatic plant 

growth:

Tier II vascular 

plants

44341014 Acceptable No --

850.5400 Aquatic Plant 

Growth:

Tier II algae

44341017 Acceptable No --

44341018 Acceptable 

44341019 Acceptable

44341020 Acceptable

44341021 Acceptable
Page 21 of 35

Table 10. Submitted Terrestrial Ecological Effects Data for Kresoxim-methyl

OCSPP 

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed for 

risk 

assessment?

Current Additional Data 

Need

850.2100 Avian oral 

toxicity

43883602 Acceptable Yes Acceptable acute avian acute 

oral toxicity data were not 

submitted for a passerine 

species exposed to Kresoximmethyl, which is now required 

under the 40 CFR Part 158 data 

requirements. Though the 

available bobwhite quail study 

indicates Kresoxim-methyl has 

low toxicity to upland game 

bird species, passerine species 

may be more or less sensitive to 

this chemical as a result of their 

higher metabolic rate and 

differing metabolic pathways. 

An avian oral toxicity study is 

needed for a passerine species. 

A passerine study protocol 

must be submitted for review 

by the Agency prior to 

initiation of the study. 

850.2200 Avian dietary 

toxicity 

43864223 Supplemental No --

43864224 Acceptable

850.2300 Avian 

reproduction

43864225 Acceptable No --

44341003 Supplemental

NonguidelineAvian 

inhalation

(None) (N/A) No --

850.3020 Honey bee 

acute contact 

toxicity

44341030 Supplemental No --

850.3030 Honey bee 

residue on 

foliage

(None) (N/A) No --

850.3040 Field testing 

for 

pollinators

(None) (N/A) No --

850.4100 Terrestrial 

plant toxicity:

Tier I

seedling 

emergence

44341013 Acceptable No --

850.4150 Terrestrial 44421002 Acceptable No --
Page 22 of 35

OCSPP 

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed for 

risk 

assessment?

Current Additional Data 

Need

plant toxicity:

Tier I and II 

vegetative 

vigor

44341016

Table 11. Aquatic Ecological Effects Data for the Kresoxim-methyl Degradate, BF 490-1

OCSPP

Guideline

Data 

Requirement

Submitted 

Studies 

(MRID)

Study 

Classifications

Are data 

needed for 

risk 

assessment?

Current Additional Data Need

850.1010 Freshwater 

invertebrate

acute toxicity 

43864229 Supplemental No --

850.1075 Freshwater 

fish acute 

toxicity

43864228 Supplemental No --

8. References 

USEPA 2006. EFED Drinking Water Assessment for the IR-4 Tolerance Petition for Use 

of Kresoxim Methyl on Cucurbit Vegetables [Second revision]. D330783 July 28, 2006

USEPA 1999. EFED Risk Assessment for the Section 3 Registration of Kresoxi,-methyl 

on Apples, Grapes and Pecans. D244862, D248122, D248123, D248359, D245119, 

D246782, D246987, and D250295 June 14, 1999. 

USEPA 2006. Ecological Risk Assessment for the IR-4 New Use of Kresoxim-methyl on 

Cucurbit Vegetables. D326550 July 12, 2006. 

Appendices

Appendix A. Bead Report

Table. A.1. Summary of Kresoxim-methyl Use Information

Site Desc

A. I. 

Max 

App 

Rate

Max # 

Apps 

@ 

Max 

Rate / 

CC

Product 

Seasonal 

Max 

Dose/Year

A. I. Conv 

Seasonal 

Max 

Dose/Year

Product 

Seasonal 

Max 

Dose/CC

A. I. 

Seasonal 

Max 

Dose/CC

Max # 

Apps 

@ 

Max 

Rate / 

Unit of 

Time

Minimum 

Retreatment 

Interval

CUCURBIT 

VEGETABLES

.15 lb 

/ a 4 NS NS 19.2 oz / a .6 lb / a NS 7 d
Page 23 of 35

GRAPES .2 lb / 

a 4 NS NS 25.6 oz / a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

GREENHOUSESIN USE

.2 lb / 

100 

gal

NS NS NS 25.6 oz / 

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL 

AND/OR SHADE 

TREES

.2 lb / 

100 

gal

NS NS NS 25.6 oz / 

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL 

HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS

.2 lb / 

100 

gal

NS NS NS 25.6 oz / 

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL 

NONFLOWERING 

PLANTS

.2 lb / 

100 

gal

NS NS NS 25.6 oz / 

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL 

WOODY SHRUBS 

AND VINES

.2 lb / 

100 

gal

NS NS NS 25.6 oz / 

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

PECAN .15 lb 

/ a 3 NS NS 14.4 oz / a .45 lb / a NS 21 d

POME FRUITS .2 lb / 

a 4 NS NS 25.6 oz / a .8 lb / a NS 7 d
Page 24 of 35

Appendix B. OPPIN Bibliography

129111 Kresoxim-methyl Eco Effects Bibliography 10/02/11

71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

438836

02

Munk, R. (1993) Avian Single-Dose Oral LD50 of Reg No. 242 009 

(BAS 490 F) in the Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus): Lab 

Project Number: 93/10286: 11W0180/94106. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 44 p. 

71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

438642

23

Munk, R. (1993) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of Reg. No. 242 009 

(BAS 490 F) in Chicks of the Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus): 

Lab Project Number: 93/11057: 31W0180/91084: PCP02321. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 52 p. 

438642

24

Munk, R. (1993) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of Reg. No. 242 009 

(BAS 490 F) in Chicks of the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos L.): 

Lab Project Number: 93/11105: 32W0180/91089: PCP02321. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 57 p. 

71-4 Avian Reproduction

MRID Citation Reference

438642

25

Munk, R. (1994) One Generation Reproduction Study with Reg. No. 

242 009 (BAS 490 F) on the Bobnwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) 

by Administration in the Diet: Lab Project Number: 94/10877: 

71W0180/91073: PCP02099. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesellschaft. 387 p. 

443410

03

Beavers, J.; Chafey, K.; Mitchell, L.; et al. (1995) Reg. No. 242 009 

(BAS 490 F): A Reproduction Study with the Mallard: (Final 

Report): Lab Project Number: 95/11111: 147-167: 72W0180/919025. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 153 p. 

72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID Citation Reference

438642

26

Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C.; et al. (1995) A 96-Hour FlowThrough Acute Toxicity Test with the Bluegill (Lepomis 

macrochirus): (BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 95/5168: 147A139: 95116. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International 

Ltd. 49 p. 
Page 25 of 35

438642

27

Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C.; et al. (1995) A 96-Hour FlowThrough Acute Toxicity Test with the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus 

mykiss): (BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 95/5167: 147A-138: 

95115. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 49 

p.

438642

28

Munk, R. (1994) Study on the Acute Toxicity of Reg. No. 262 451 

(BAS 490-1) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 

1792) in a Static Renewal System (96 Hours): Lab Project Number: 

94/10621: PCP02557: 12F0032/935007. Unpublished study prepared 

by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 35 p. 

72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID Citation Reference

438642

29

Dohmen, G. (1994) Study on the Acute Toxicity of Reg. No. 262 451 

(BAS 490-1) on Daphnia magna Straus: Lab Project Number: 

94/10622: PCP02462: P93-E029. Unpublished study prepared by 

BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 21 p. 

438642

30

Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C.; et al. (1995) A 48-Hour FlowThrough Acute Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna): 

Lab Project Number: 95/5169: 147A-137: 95114. Unpublished study 

prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 48 p. 

72-3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID Citation Reference

443410

05

Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C. (1996) BAS 490 F: A 96-Hour 

Flow-Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Sheepshead Minnow 

(Cyprinodon Variegatus): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 

96/5153: 147A-135: 95040. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International Ltd. 49 p. 

443410

06

Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C. (1996) BAS 490 F: A 96-Hour 

Shell Deposition Test with the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica): 

(Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5152: 147A-134: 95041. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 49 p. 

443410

07

Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C. (1996) BAS 490 F: A 96-Hour 

Flow-Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Saltwater Mysid 

(Mysidopsis bahia): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5151: 

147A-136: 95042. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International Ltd. 50 p. 

72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID Citation Reference
Page 26 of 35

443410

04

Graves, W.; Mank, M.; Swigert, J.; et al. (1996) BAS 490 F: A 

Flow-Through Life-Cycle Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran 

(Daphnia magna): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5154: 

147A-132: 95002. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International Ltd. 63 p. 

443410

08

Graves, W.; Mank, M.; Swigert, J.; et al. (1996) BAS 490 F: An 

Early Life-Stage Toxicity Test with the Fathead Minnow 

(Pimephales promelas): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 

96/5155: 147A-133: 95038. Unpublished study prepared by 

Wildlife International Ltd. 79 p. 

72-6 Aquatic Field Study

460743

04

Dohmen, G. (2002) Chronic Effects of BAS 492 01 F on Juvenile 

Fish - Leuciscus idus L. "Golden Variety" - under More Realistic 

Exposure Conditions in Small Field Microcosms. Project Number: 

20025/1011545, 54438. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Ag 

Research Station. 48 p.

122-1 Seed Germination/Seedline Emergence and Vegetable Vigor

MRID Citation Reference

443410

13

Blackburn, R. (1992) Tier I Seed Germination/Seedling Emergence 

Non-Target Phytotoxicity Study using BAS 490 F (Reg. No. 242 009 

TAI): Lab Project Number: 92/5182: 92068: 95055. Unpublished 

study prepared by Pan-Agricultural Labs, Inc. 91 p. 

444210

02

Elliott, D. (1992) Tier 1 Vegetative Vigor Non-Target Phytotoxicity 

Study Using BAS 490 F: Lab Project Number: 92/5183: 92056: 

92069. Unpublished study prepared by Pan-Agricultural Laboratories, 

Inc. 70 p. 

122-2 Aquatic plant growth

MRID Citation Reference

443410

14

Hughes, J.; Jackson, S. (1994) Tier I Non-Target Aquatic Plant 

Toxicity Study on BAS 490 F (Reg. No. 242 009): Lab Project 

Number: 94/5003: B445-131: ADPEN-A92125-001. Unpublished 

study prepared by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 87 p. 

123-1 Seed germination/seedling emergence and vegetative vigor

MRID Citation Reference

443410

16

Elliot, D. (1993) Tier II Vegetative Vigor Nontarget Phytotoxicity 

Study using BAS 490 F (BAS 242 009): Lab Project Number: 

93/5153: 92184. Unpublished study prepared by Pan-Agricultural 

Labs, Inc. 40 p. 
Page 27 of 35

123-2 Aquatic plant growth

MRID Citation Reference

443410

17

Thompson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 

14-Day Toxicity Test with Duckweed (Lemna gibba G3): Lab Project 

Number: 95/5049: 147A-113: ADPEN-B93158-001. Unpublished 

study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 71 

p. 

443410

18

Thompson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 

5-Day Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Diatom (Navicula 

pelliculosa): Lab Project Number: 95/5048: 147A-114A: ADPENB93157-001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International 

Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 68 p. 

443410

19

Thompson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 

5-Day Toxicity Test with the Marine Diatom (Skeletonema 

costatum): Lab Project Number: 95/5054: 147A-117: ADPENB93156-001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International 

Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 67 p. 

443410

20

Thompson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 

5-Day Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Alga (Selenastrum 

capricornutum): Lab Project Number: 95/5051: 147A-116: ADPENB93159-001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International 

Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 73 p. 

443410

21

Thompson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 

5-Day Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Alga (Anabaena flosaquae): Lab Project Number: 95/5050: 147A-115A: ADPENB93155-001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International 

Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 68 p.

141-1 Honeybee Acute Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

443410

30

V.L. Maggi, Acute Contact Toxicity of BAS 490 F (Reg. No. 242 

009) to Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L. ) September 29, 1992 

California Agricultural Research, Inc., Kerman, CA BASF 

Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC

Non Guideline Selections

MRID Citation Reference

N.A. Overview of Acute and Chronic studies by Registrant
Page 28 of 35

129111 Kresoxim-methyl Fate Chemistry Bibliography 

Fate Folder= F001332

9/19/11

161-1 Hydrolysis

MRID Citation Reference

43864268 Bieber, W. (1992) Hydrolysis of the Test Substance, Reg. No. 242 

009 (BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 92/11828: NA 92 9625. 

Unpublished study prepared by NATEC Institute. 34 p. 

161-2 Photodegradation-water

MRID Citation Reference

44341031 Goetz, A.; Geiger, D.; McGown, S. (1994) Aqueous Photolysis of 

(carbon 14)-BAS 490 F (Label B): Lab Project Number: 94/5156: 

M9332: 93196. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 117 p. 

44341032 Goetz, A.; Reese, C. (1995) Aqueous Photolysis of (carbon 14)-

BAS 490 F (Label A): Lab Project Number: 95/5105: M9325: 

93137. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 66 p. 

161-3 Photodegradation-soil

MRID Citation Reference

4434103

3

McKenna, E. (1994) Photolysis of (carbon 14)-BAS 490 F (Label B) 

on Soil: Lab Project Number: 94/5155: M9406: 94016. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Corp. and Agvise Labs, Inc. 149 p. 

162-1 Aerobic soil metabolism

MRID Citation Reference

438642

69

Kellner, O. (1994) The Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)-

BAS 490 F (Label 2025391B): Lab Project Number: 94/10729: P92-

B011. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 68 

p. 

438642

70

Kellner, O. (1995) The Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)-

BAS 490 F (Label B): Analysis of the 273 Days-After-Treatment 

Soil Sample: Lab Project Number: 95/10431: P94-B201. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 61 p. 

438642

71

Kellner, O. (1994) The Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)-

BAS 490 F (Label A): Lab Project Number: 94/10512: P92-B013. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 65 p. 
Page 29 of 35

445397

07

McKenna, E.; Billotte, J. (1997) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 

14)-BAS 490 F (Label A): Lab Project Number: 95118: 96/5177: 

MSRP96014. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and 

Agvise Labs., Inc. 99 p. 

446272

01

Kellner, O. (1998) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)-242 009 

(BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 94/10165: P91-B001. 

Unpublished study prepared by Basf Aktiengesellschaft. 76 p. 

162-3 Anaerobic aquatic metab.

MRID Citation Reference

438642

72

Bieber, W. (1995) Degradation of BAS 490 F in Anaerobic Aquatic 

Environment: (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 95/10491: NA 92 

9282. Unpublished study prepared by NATEC Institute. 145 p. 

B. Schink, A. Brune and S. Schnell, "Anaerobic Degradation of 

Aromatic compounds". pp. 219-242, in Microbial Degradation of 

Natural Products,edited by G.Winkelmann. VCH 

Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, FRG, 1992. For Convenience of the 

reader copies of the relevant chapters from this literature incl. 

chapter 8.4 "Organisms known to degrade Aromatic Compounds", 

pp. 226-229,232-236 and 239-242 are attached to this report - cf. 

Appendix 3

162-4 Aerobic aquatic metab.

MRID Citation Reference

4386427

3

Bieber, W. (1993) Degradation of the Test Substance Reg. No. 242 

009 (BAS 490 F) in an Aerobic Aquatic Environment: (Final 

Report): Lab Project Number: 93/11344: NA 92 9281. Unpublished 

study prepared by NATEC Institute. 66 p. 

163-1 Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID Citation Reference

4386427

4

Keller, W. (1991) Leaching Behavior of (carbon 14)-242 009 (BAS 

490 F) after Aerobic Aging for 30 Days: Lab Project Number: 

91/11278: P91-B05. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesellschaft. 55 p. 

4386427

5

Keller, W. (1993) Soil Adsorption/Desorption Study of Reg. No. 262 

451 (BF 490-1): Lab Project Number: 93/11521: P93-B504. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 35 p. 

4386427

6

Goetz, A.; Geiger, D. (1995) Adsorption/Desorption of (carbon 14)-

BAS 490 F in Soil: Lab Project Number: 95/5099: M9515. 
Page 30 of 35

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 82 p. 

4434103

4

Goetz, A.; Mills, C. (1996) Adsorption/Desorption of (carbon 14)-

BF 490-1 on Soil: Lab Project Number: 96/5134: 95131. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 90 p. 

164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID Citation Reference

438836

06

Butterfield, E.; Billotte, J. (1995) Terrestrial Dissipation (Confined) 

of (carbon 14)-BAS 490 F: Supplemental Report: Lab Project 

Number: 95-5164: 92134: M9516. Unpublished study prepared by 

BASF Corp. and Agvise Labs. 127 p. 

444210

05

Jackson, S.; Jordan, J.; Wesley, D. (1996) Soil Dissipation of BAS 

490 F in Orchard/Vineyard Use Patterns: Lab Project Number: 

94028: 96/5172: ER 96011. Unpublished study prepared by ACDS 

Research, Inc., Collins Agricultural Consultants, Inc., and Research

For Hire, Inc. 474 p. 

446198

01

Jackson, S.; Wesley, D. (1997) Field Dissipation of Bas 490 in 

orchard Use Patterns for Canada: Lab Project Number: 94066: 

97/5071: ER96012. Unpublished study prepared by Marbicon, Inc. 

Agvise, Inc. 366 p. 

446319

01

Gottesburen, B. (1998) Estimation of the Leaching Potential of BF 

490-1 from Field Dissipation, Lysimeter, Sorption, and Modelling 

Studies: Lab Project Number: CALC-98: 98/10200: D07/97/92. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 43 p. 

446492

02

Perkins, J.; Anderson, D. (1998) Freezer Storage Stability Study of 

BF 490-1 and BF 490-5 in Soil: Lab Project Number: 94141: BAS490-F: 98AJRP01.BAS. Unpublished study prepared by Advanced 

BioAnalytical Services, Inc. 76 p. 

451014

05

Jackson, S. (1999) Field Dissipation of BAS 490 F In Row Crop 

Use Patterns: Lab Project Number: 97005: 1999/5024: A97005. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 520 p. 

459393

06

Jackson, S. (1999) Field Dissipation of BAS 490..F in Row Crop 

Use Patterns: Lab Project Number: 97005: 1999/5024: A97005. 

Unpublished study prepared by Battelle. 520 p. 

165-1 Confined rotational crop

MRID Citation Reference

451014

04

Lau, R. (1999) Confined Rotational Crops Study with (carbon-14) 

BAS 490 F: Lab Project Number: 96117: 1999/5012. Unpublished 
Page 31 of 35

study prepared by BASF Corporation. 163 p. {OPPTS 860.1850} 

459393

04

Lau, R. (1999) Confined Rotational Crops Study with (Carbon 14) 

BAS 490F: Lab Project Number: 96117: 1999/5012: 1. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Corporation. 163 p. {OPPTS 860.1850} 

860.1850 Confined accumulation in rotational crops

MRID Citation Reference

474524

01

Lau, R.; Singh, M. (2007) Confined Rotational Crop Study with 

(Carbon 14)BAS 490 F (Including Amendment No. 1). Project 

Number: 96117, 2007/7014516. Unpublished study prepared by 

BASF Agro Research. 170 p.

165-2 Field rotational crop

MRID Citation Reference

459393

05

Wofford, T.; Jordan, J. (1998) Limited Rotational Crop Study for the 

Use of Kresoxim-methyl Residues in Cucurbits: Lab Project 

Number: 98/5197: 97022. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Corporation. 94 p. {OPPTS 860.1900} 

165-4 Bioaccumulation in fish

MRID Citation Reference

443410

37

Mayo, B. (1994) (Carbon 14) BAS 490 F ((carbon 14)-Reg. No. 

242009): The Bioaccumulation and Metabolism in Rainbow Trout...: 

Lab Project Number: 94/10725: BSF 505/942558: BSF 505. 

Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 91 

p. 

443410

38

Langford-Pollard, A. (1996) Further Investigation of (carbon 14) 

BAS 490 F ((carbon 14)-Reg. No. 242009): Metabolites in Rainbow 

Trout...: Lab Project Number: 96/10050: BSF 550: 952689. 

Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 81 

p.

Non Guideline Selections

MRID Citation Reference

438642

77

Goetz, A. (1995) Overview of Environmental Fate Data I: 

Hydrolysis, Aerobic Soil Metabolism, Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism, 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism, Adsorption/Desorption, Aged 

Column Leaching, and Confined Terrestrial Dissipation Studies: Lab 

Project Number: 95/5172. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Corp. 19 p. 
Page 32 of 35

443410

15

Easter, S.; Perez, R. (1993) GLC Method for the Analysis of BAS 

490 F and Its Metabolite, BF 490-1, in Aquatic Media: Lab Project 

Number: 93/5136: ADPEN-903-92-A92125M: D9209. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Corp. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 39 p. 

443410

25

Artz, S. (1996) Method for the Analysis of BAS 490 F and Its 

Hydrolysis Product, BF 490-1 an N-Propyl Derivative, in Soil: Lab 

Project Number: 96/5192: 96129: D9603. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Corp. 54 p. 

443410

26

Artz, S.; Clark, S. (1996) Independent Method Validation of BASF 

Analytical Method D9603: "Method for the Analysis of BAS 490 F 

and Its Hydrolysis Product, BF 490-1 as an N-Propyl Derivative, in 

Soil": Lab Project Number: 96/5163: ML96-0617-BAS: 96037. 

Unpublished study prepared by Morse Labs, Inc. 72 p. 

443410

28

Flintham, D. (1996) Determination of Storage Stability of LAB 242 

009 (BAS 490 F) and It's Metabolite BF 490-1 in Soil at Residue 

Level at Approximately--20 Degrees Centigrade: Lab Project 

Number: 96/10274: BSF 524: 960088. Unpublished study prepared 

by Huntingdon Life Sciences, Ltd. 115 p. 

N/A Letter regarding meeting about Fate issues

443410

35

Jordan, J.; Perkins, J.; Lowes, S.; et al. (1996) BASF Method for 

Residue Determination of BAS 490 F, and Metabolites BF 490-1 

and BF 490-5 in Soil Using LC/MS/MS: Lab Project Number: 

96/5215: D9503: 96VRP01.BAS. Unpublished study prepared by 

BASF Corp. and Advanced BioAnalytical Services. 121 p. 

443410

36

Davis, K. (1996) Independent Method Validation of BASF 

Analytical Method No. D9503: "Method for Residue Determinations 

of BAS 490 F, and Its Metabolites BF 490-1 and BF 490-5 in Soil 

Using LC/MS/MS" at ABC Labs: Lab Project Number: 96/5234: 

43464: 96109. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs, Inc. 99 p. 

N.A. Fate Science Chapter

N.A. AGVISE Soil Characterization Report
Page 33 of 35

Appendix C. SIP and STIR results

Table C.1. SIP Inputs

Parameter Value

Chemical name Kresoxim-methyl

Solubility (in water at 25oC; mg/L) 2

Mammalian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 5000

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian 

species

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg-bw) 10000

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian 

species

Avian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 2150

Avian test species northern bobwhite quail

Body weight (g) of "other" avian species

Mineau scaling factor 1.15

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 0

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 500

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for other bird species 0

Body weight (g) of other avian species

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for 2nd other bird 

species

Body weight (g) of 2nd other avian species

Table C.2. Mammalian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg-bw) 0.3440 0.3440

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg-bw) 3845.8028 7691.6057

Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0001 0.0000

Conclusion*

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for mammals

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for mammals

Table C.3. Avian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg-bw) 1.6200 1.6200

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg-bw) 1548.9235 53.1492

Ratio of exposure to acute toxicity 0.0010 0.0305

Conclusion*

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for birds

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for birds
Page 34 of 35

*Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does not combine all routes of exposure. 

Therefore, when aggregated with other routes (i.e., diet, inhalation, dermal), pesticide exposure through 

drinking water may contribute to a total exposure that has potential for effects to non-target animals.

Welcome to the EFED 

Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk

This tool is designed to provide the risk assessor with a rapid method for determining the potentia

significance of the inhalation exposure route to birds and mammals in a risk assessment.

Input

Application and Chemical Information

Enter Chemical Name Kresoxim-methyl

Enter Chemical Use

Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) n

If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) air

Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 313.4

Enter Chemical Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 1.71E-09

Enter Application Rate (lb a.i./acre) 2

Toxicity Properties

Bird

Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 2150

Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15

Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 0.178

Mammal

Enter Lowest Rat Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 5000

Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC50 (mg/L) 2

Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4

Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35

Output

Results Avian (0.020 kg )

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation 

(mg/m3) 2.88E-05

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 3.63E-06

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 4.80E+00

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 7.56E-07 Exposure not Likely Significant

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) not applicable

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 

LD50 not applicable not applicable
Page 35 of 35

Results Mammalian (0.015 kg )

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation 

(mg/m3) 2.88E-05

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 4.56E-06

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.19E+02

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 3.83E-08 Exposure not Likely Significant

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) not applicable

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 

LD50 not applicable not applicable