Volume 62, Number 9 December 30, 2013

Births: Final Data for 2012

by Joyce A. Martin, M.P.H.; Brady E. Hamilton, Ph.D.; Michelle J.K. Osterman, M.H.S.; Sally C. Curtin, M.A.; and 

T.J. Mathews, M.S., Division of Vital Statistics

Abstract

Objectives—This report presents 2012 data on U.S. births 

according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented 

for maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital 

status, attendant at birth, method of delivery, period of gestation, 

birthweight, and plurality. Birth and fertility rates are presented by 

age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, and marital status. 

Selected data by mother’s state of residence and birth rates by age 

and race of father also are shown. Trends in fertility patterns and 

maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted.

Methods—Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the 

birth certificates of the 3.95 million births that occurred in 2012 are 

presented. 

Figure 1. Triplet/+ birth rates: United States, 1980–2012

 
2 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Results—A total of 3,952,841 births were registered in the 

United States in 2012. The general fertility rate declined to 63.0 per 

1,000 women aged 15–44. The teen birth rate fell 6%, to 29.4 per 

1,000 women. Birth rates declined for women in their twenties and 

increased for women aged 30–44. The total fertility rate (estimated 

number of births over a woman’s lifetime) declined 1% to 1,880.5 

per 1,000 women. The rate of births to unmarried women declined; 

the percentage of births to unmarried women was essentially stable 

at 40.7%, but the number of births to unmarried women increased 

slightly. The cesarean delivery rate was unchanged at 32.8%. The 

preterm birth rate declined for the sixth straight year to 11.55%; the 

low birthweight rate declined slightly to 7.99%. The twin birth rate 

was stable at 33.1 per 1,000 births; the rate of triplet and higherorder multiple births dropped 9% to 124.4 per 100,000 total births.

Keywords: birth certificate • maternal and infant health • birth rates 

• maternal characteristics

Highlights

• A total of 3,952,841 births were registered in the United States 

in 2012, slightly fewer births (749) than in 2011. Births declined 

1% for non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women and were 

essentially unchanged for non-Hispanic black women from 

2011 to 2012.

• The 2012 general fertility rate declined to 63.0 births per 1,000 

women aged 15–44, another historic low for the United States. 

The total fertility rate declined 1%, to 1,880.5 births per 1,000 

women in 2012.

• The birth rate for teenagers aged 15–19 dropped 6% from 2011 

to 2012, to 29.4 per 1,000—the lowest rate ever reported for 

the United States. Rates were down for age groups 15–17 and 

18–19, and for nearly all race and Hispanic origin groups.

• Birth rates declined among women in their early twenties 

between 2011 and 2012 to a record low. The rate was also 

down for women aged 25–29, but it increased for women aged 

30–44. Birth rates for the youngest (under age 15 years) and the 

oldest (aged 45 and over) mothers were unchanged. 

• The mean age of mother at first birth rose again, to 25.8 years 

in 2012, up from 25.6 years in 2011.

• The 2012 U.S. cesarean delivery rate was unchanged at 32.8%. 

The cesarean rate rose nearly 60% from 1996 to 2009, declined 

slightly from 2009 to 2010, and has been stable since.

• The birth rate for unmarried women fell for the fourth 

consecutive year in 2012 to 45.3 per 1,000 unmarried women 

aged 15–44. The percentage of births to unmarried women was 

unchanged from 2011 at 40.7%, but the number of nonmarital 

births increased slightly, by less than 1%, to 1,609,619.

• The preterm birth rate (less than 37 weeks) declined for the 

sixth straight year, to 11.55% of all births in 2012, down 2% 

from 2011 and 10% from the 2006 peak. Rates declined for 

non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black births and for most 

maternal age groups from 2011 to 2012. 

• The 2012 rate of low birthweight (less than 2,500 grams) was 

7.99%, down slightly from 2011 (8.10%) and 3% lower than the 

2006 high (8.26%).

• The 2012 twin birth rate was 33.1 per 1,000 total births and 

was essentially unchanged from 2009–2011. The triplet and 

higher-order multiple birth rate (triplet/+) dropped 9% in 2012 

to 124.4 per 100,000 births and is down by more than one-third 

since the high in 1998 (193.5); see Figure 1.

Introduction

This report presents detailed data on numbers and characteristics 

of births in 2012, birth and fertility rates, maternal demographic 

and health characteristics, place and attendant at birth, and infant 

health characteristics. A report of preliminary birth statistics for 2012 

presented data on selected topics based on a substantial sample 

(99.96%) of 2012 births (1). In addition to the tabulations included 

in this report, more detailed analysis is possible by using the natality 

public-use file issued each year. The data file may be downloaded 

from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm (2). 

The public-use file does not include geographic detail; a file with this 

information may be available upon special request (3). A data access 

and analysis tool, VitalStats, is also available from http://www.cdc.

gov/nchs/VitalStats.htm (4). VitalStats includes birth data for 1990 

through 2012, with access to interactive, prebuilt tables. Users also 

can build tables using more than 100 variables from the natality 

public-use files and geographic information by state and for counties 

with populations of 100,000 or more.

1989 and 2003 revisions of U.S. Standard 

Certificate of Live Birth

This report includes 2012 data on items that are collected on 

both the 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth 

(unrevised) and the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate 

of Live Birth (revised). The 2003 revision is described in detail 

elsewhere (5,6).

Thirty-eight states, the District of Columbia (DC), and three 

territories implemented the revised birth certificate as of January 

1, 2012. The 38 revised states and DC represent 86% of all 2012 

U.S. births. The revised reporting areas are: California, Colorado, 

Delaware, DC, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, 

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, 

Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, 

New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, 

Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, 

Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Guam, Northern 

Marianas, and Puerto Rico. One state, Virginia, implemented the 

revised birth certificate in 2012, but after January 1.

This report presents information on selected data items 

comparable between the 1989 and 2003 birth certificate revisions. 

Information on topics comparable between revisions but not presented 

in this report (e.g., day of birth, month of birth, and congenital 

anomalies) can be found in the Internet tables (see “List of Internet 

Tables”) and in the “User’s Guide” public-use file for each data year 

(2). Recent reports and data releases present information on items 

not previously available from the National Center for Health Statistics 

(e.g., use of infertility therapies, WIC food, source of payment for the 

delivery, maternal morbidity, and breastfeeding) for 2009, 2010, and 

2011 (7–11). A recent report also assesses the quality of the 2003 

revised medical and health birth certificate data (12).
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 3

Methods

Data shown in this report are based on 100% of the birth 

certificates registered in all states and DC. More than 99% of births 

occurring in this country are registered (13). Tables showing data 

by state also provide separate information for Puerto Rico, Virgin 

Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Commonwealth of the Northern 

Marianas. These areas, however, are not included in totals for the 

United States.

Race and Hispanic origin are reported independently on the 

birth certificate. In tabulations of birth data by race and Hispanic 

origin, data for Hispanic persons are not further classified by race 

because the majority of women of Hispanic origin are reported as 

white. Most tables in this report show data for the categories of nonHispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic. Data for births are 

also presented in some tables for American Indian or Alaska Native 

(AIAN) and Asian or Pacific Islander (API); for specific Hispanic groups 

Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central and South American; and 

for other and unknown Hispanic. Data for AIAN and API births are 

not shown separately by Hispanic origin because the majority of 

these populations are non-Hispanic. Text references to black births 

and black mothers or to white births and white mothers are used 

interchangeably for ease in writing; see Technical Notes.

The 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth 

allows the reporting of more than one race (multiple races) for each 

parent (5) in accordance with the revised standards issued by the 

Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in 1997 (14). See Technical 

Notes and the “User Guide” (13) for detailed information on the 2012 

multiple-race reporting area and methods used to bridge responses 

to a single race for those who report more than one race.

In this report, the total number of births includes births to 

women up to age 64. In tables that include age of mother, the oldest 

age group shown (40–54, 45–49, 45–54, or 50–54) includes births 

to mothers up to age 64. For information on levels of incomplete 

reporting by state, see Technical Notes and the “User Guide” (13). For 

information on the measurement of data items shown in this report 

and the Internet tables, imputation techniques used, computation of 

derived statistics, and definitions of terms, see the “User Guide” (13).

Birth and fertility rates for specific Hispanic population groups 

(Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and 

other Hispanic populations) for 2010–2012 are based on population 

estimates derived from the American Community Survey (ACS), 

conducted by the U.S Census Bureau. Rates for specific Hispanic 

population groups prior to 2010 are based on population estimates 

derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS). For more 

information about the populations for Hispanic groups, see Technical 

Notes and the 2011 “User Guide” (13).

Demographic Characteristics

Births and birth rates

A total of 3,952,841 births were registered in the United States 

in 2012, 749 fewer than in 2011 (3,953,590) (Tables 1 and 5; Figure 

2). From 2007 through 2011, the number of births declined, falling 

steadily from 2007 through 2010, but the downward pace slowed 

from 2010 to 2012 (1).

Among the three largest race and Hispanic origin groups, the 

number of births declined less than 1% for non-Hispanic black 

Figure 2. Live births and general fertility rates: United States, 1920–2012

 
4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

women and 1% for non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women from 

2011 to 2012. The number of births also declined for AIAN women 

(1%) but rose 7% for API women. Among the specified Hispanic 

groups, births declined less than 1% for Puerto Rican women and 

2%–3% for Cuban, Mexican, and Central and South American women 

between 2011 and 2012. 

Fertility rate 

The 2012 general fertility rate (GFR) for the United States was 

63.0 births per 1,000 women aged 15–44, down slightly (less than 

1%) from the record low rate reported for the country in 2011 (63.2) 

(Tables 1 and 5; Figure 2). As with the number of births, the fertility 

rate declined steadily from 2007 through 2010, but the pace of the 

decline slowed from 2010 to 2012 (1). 

The GFR declined for the three largest race and Hispanic origin 

groups from 2011 to 2012, down less than 1% for non-Hispanic 

white, 1% for non-Hispanic black, and 2% for Hispanic women. 

The GFR also declined for AIAN women (1%). However, the rate for 

API women rose by 4%. Among the specified Hispanic groups, the 

rate for Mexican women fell 3% from 2011 to 2012, whereas rates 

for Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Hispanic women (Central and 

South American and unspecified Hispanic groups) were essentially 

unchanged.

Age of mother 

Teenagers—The teenage birth rate was 29.4 births per 1,000 

women aged 15–19 in 2012, another historic low for the country and 

down by 6% from 2011 (31.3) (Tables A, 3, 4, 7, and 8; Figures 3 and 

4) (15–18). This rate has fallen by over one-half since 1991 (61.8), 

when the long-term decline in births to teenagers began (15). From 

2011, the number of births to teenagers aged 15–19 declined 7% to 

305,388 in 2012, the lowest number since 1945 (280,997) and 41% 

lower than in 1991 (519,577).

Birth rates for teenagers aged 15–17 and 18–19 were 14.1 

births per 1,000 for the younger teenagers and 51.4 births per 1,000 

for the older teenagers in 2012, down 8% and 5%, respectively, from 

2011. Record lows were reached for both younger (15–17) and older 

(18–19) teenagers. Since 1991, the rate for teenagers aged 15–17 

has fallen 63%, and the rate for teenagers aged 18–19 has fallen 

45%. The birth rate for the youngest teenagers, aged 10–14, was 

unchanged (0.4 births per 1,000 in 2012).

Among racial and ethnic groups, rates for teenagers aged 15–19 

declined for all groups from 2011 to 2012, with declines ranging from 

3% for AIAN teenagers to 5% for API, and 6%–7% for non-Hispanic 

Figure 3. Birth rates for teenagers aged 15–19, by age: 

United States, 1960–2012 

Table A. Birth rates for women aged 10–19, by age and race 

and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2011 and 2012

[Rates per 1,000 women in specified age and race and Hispanic origin group. 

Population based on counts enumerated as of July 1]

Age (years) and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother

Year Percent 

2012 2011 change

10–14

All races and origins1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 †

Non-Hispanic white2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 †

Non-Hispanic black2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.9 –11

American Indian or Alaska Native total2,3 . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 †

Asian or Pacific Islander total2,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 †

Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.7 –14

15–19

All races and origins1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 31.3 –6

Non-Hispanic white2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 21.7 –6

Non-Hispanic black2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.9 47.3 –7

American Indian or Alaska Native total2,3 . . . . . . . 34.9 36.1 –3

Asian or Pacific Islander total2,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 10.2 –5

Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 49.6 –7

15–17

All races and origins1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 15.4 –8

Non-Hispanic white2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 9.0 –7

Non-Hispanic black2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 24.6 –11

American Indian or Alaska Native total2,3 . . . . . . . 17.0 18.2 –7

Asian or Pacific Islander total2,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.6 –11

Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 28.0 –9

18–19

All races and origins1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 54.1 –5

Non-Hispanic white2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 39.9 –5

Non-Hispanic black2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 78.8 –6

American Indian or Alaska Native total2,3 . . . . . . . 60.5 61.6 †

Asian or Pacific Islander total2,3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 18.1 †

Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 81.5 –5

†Difference not statistically significant.

1

Includes births to race and origin groups not shown separately, such as white-Hispanic and 

black-Hispanic women, and births with origin not stated.

2

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin 

may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and 

Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data 

for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see 

Technical Notes. Multiple-race reporting areas vary for 2011 and 2012; see Technical Notes. 

3

Includes persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin and origin not stated, according to the 

mother’s reported race; see Technical Notes.

4

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race; see Technical Notes.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 5

white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic teenagers. Birth rates for 

teenagers aged 15–17 also declined for all racial and ethnic groups 

in 2012; rates for ages 18–19 were down for all groups except for 

AIAN and API.

Women in their twenties—The birth rate for women aged 

20–24 in 2012 was 83.1 births per 1,000 women in this age group, 

down 3% from 2011 (85.3) and a record low for the United States 

(Tables 3, 4, 7, 8, and 12; Figure 4). The rate for women in this age 

group has declined steadily since 2007 at nearly 5% annually. The 

number of births to women in their early twenties declined 1% from 

2011 to 2012, whereas their population rose 2% (17). The rate for 

women aged 25–29 was 106.5 births per 1,000 women, down 1% 

from 2011 (107.2). The rate for women in this age group has declined 

2% a year since 2008. The number of births to women in their late 

twenties also declined in 2012, down slightly (less than 1%) from 

2011, whereas their population rose slightly (less than 1%). 

Women in their thirties—The birth rate for women aged 30–

34 was 97.3 births per 1,000 women in 2012, up 1% from 2011 

(96.5). Both the number of births and the population of women in 

this age group increased in 2012, by 3% and 2%, respectively. The 

birth rate for women aged 35–39 was 48.3 births per 1,000 women 

in 2012, up 2% from the 2011 rate (47.2). The number of births to 

women aged 35–39 rose 2% in 2012, whereas the population of 

women in this age group declined 1% (Tables 2, 6, and II) (17). 

Women in their forties—The birth rate for women aged 40–44 

was 10.4 births per 1,000 women in 2012, up 1% from 2011 (10.3) 

(Tables 4 and 8). The rate for women in this age group has risen 

steadily since 2000 (8.0) by 2% annually (Figure 4). The number 

of births to women in their early forties rose 1%, whereas their 

population was essentially unchanged. The birth rate for women 

aged 45–49 (which includes births to women aged 50 and over) 

was 0.7 births per 1,000 women in 2012, unchanged since 2008. 

Births to women aged 45–49 declined 6% from 2011 to 2012, and 

the population for these women declined 2%. The increase in birth 

rates for women aged 35 and over during the last 20 years has been 

linked, in part, to the use of fertility-enhancing therapies (19).

Women aged 50 and over—Six hundred births occurred to 

women aged 50 and over in 2012, compared with 585 births in 2011 

(Tables 2 and 6) (17). Since 1997, when data for women aged 50 and 

over became available again, the number of births to women in this 

age group has generally increased (from 144 births). In 2012, the 

birth rate for women aged 50–54 was 0.5 births per 10,000 women, 

unchanged since 2006 (data not shown in tables). Because of the 

small number of births to women in this age group, the birth rate 

for women aged 50–54 is expressed per 10,000 women. For rates 

shown elsewhere in this report, births to women aged 50 and over 

are included with births to women aged 45–49 when computing birth 

rates by age of mother (the denominator for the rate is women aged 

45–49). 

Live-birth order 

The 2012 first-birth rate for the United States was 25.2 births 

per 1,000 women aged 15–44, 1% less than the rate in 2011 (25.4) 

(Tables 3, 7, and 9). First-birth rates declined for women aged 15–19, 

20–24, and 25–29 (by 5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively), whereas rates 

for women aged 30–34 and 35–39 rose (2% and 3%, respectively). 

The rates for women aged 10–14 and 40 and over were unchanged.

Another useful measure for interpreting childbearing patterns 

is the mean age at first birth, which is the arithmetic average of the 

age of mothers at the time of birth and is computed directly from the 

frequency of first births by age of mother. In 2012, the mean age of 

mother was 25.8 years, up from 25.6 years in 2011 and from 21.4 

years in 1970 (Tables 13, 14, and I–1) (18,20,21). The increase in 

the mean age in 2012 reflects, in part, the relatively large decline in 

births to women in their teen years and their twenties. 

Mean age at first birth varied by race and Hispanic origin in 

2012, from 22.5 years for AIAN women to 29.3 years for API women. 

The average ages at first birth for the three largest race and Hispanic 

origin groups were 23.6 years for non-Hispanic black, 23.8 years for 

Hispanic, and 26.6 years for non-Hispanic white women (Tables 13

and 14). Among the specified Hispanic groups, average ages ranged 

from 23.2 years for Mexican women to 26.6 years for Cuban women. 

Average age at first birth increased for women in nearly all race and 

Hispanic origin groups in 2012.

Total fertility rate 

The 2012 total fertility rate (TFR) for the United States was 

1,880.5 births per 1,000 women, 1% below the 2011 rate (1,894.5) 

(Tables 4, 8, 13, and 14). After generally increasing from 1998 through 

2007, the TFR has declined for each of the last 5 years. The TFR 

estimates the number of births that a hypothetical group of 1,000 

women would have over their lifetimes, based on age-specific birth 

rates in a given year. Because it is computed from age-specific birth 

rates, the TFR is age-adjusted, and can be compared for populations 

across time, population groups, and geographic areas.

Figure 4. Birth rates, by selected age of mother:

United States, 1990–2012 

 
6 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

TFRs declined for nearly all race and Hispanic origin groups in 

2012, down 1%–2% for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, 

Hispanic, and AIAN women. However, the rate for API women rose 

4% from 2011 to 2012. Among specified Hispanic groups, the rate for 

Mexican and Puerto Rican women fell 3% each; rates for Cuban and 

other Hispanic women (Central and South American and unspecified 

Hispanic groups) did not change significantly. 

The 2012 U.S. TFR remained below “replacement”—the level 

at which a given generation can exactly replace itself (generally 

considered to be 2,100 births per 1,000 women). The TFR has 

been generally below replacement since 1971. With the exception 

of Hispanic women (reflecting mainly, rates for Mexican and 

other Hispanic women), the TFRs for all other groups were below 

replacement (Tables 8 and 14).

Births and birth rates by state 

The number of births declined between 2011 and 2012 in 7 

states (Alabama, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Mississippi, New 

Hampshire, and New Jersey); increased in 6 states (Arizona, Idaho, 

Kansas, Louisiana, North Dakota, and Texas); and was essentially 

unchanged in the 37 remaining states and DC; see Tables 10 and 11 

for 2012 data. Among U.S. territories, the number of births declined 

for all areas except Guam, where births rose 9% in 2012. 

 The GFR declined in 13 states in 2012 (Alabama, Alaska, 

Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, 

Mississippi, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and North 

Carolina); increased in 4 states (Idaho, Kansas, North Dakota, and 

Ohio); and was essentially unchanged in the 33 remaining states 

and DC. Rates among the states ranged from 50.3 births per 1,000 

women aged 15–44 in New Hampshire to 83.1 in Utah (Table 12). The 

GFR decreased for Puerto Rico and Northern Marianas in 2012, 3% 

and 15%, respectively; increased for Guam (9%); and was essentially 

unchanged for American Samoa and Virgin Islands. 

The TFR declined from 2011 to 2012 for 21 states (Alabama, 

Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, 

Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, 

Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, 

Pennsylvania, and Virginia); increased in 1 state (Idaho); and was 

essentially unchanged in the remaining 28 states and DC. TFRs 

ranged from 1,592.5 births per 1,000 women in Rhode Island to 

2,373.5 in Utah (Table 12). In 2012, the TFR decreased for American 

Samoa, Puerto Rico, and Northern Marianas; increased for Guam; 

and was essentially unchanged for Virgin Islands. 

Birth rates for teenagers by state 

The birth rate for teenagers aged 15–19 declined between 2011 

and 2012 in 29 states and DC and was essentially unchanged in the 

remaining 21 states (Table B). Declines ranged from 4% for Louisiana 

to 15% for Delaware. The teen birth rates for the U.S. territories 

declined for Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands and were essentially 

unchanged for the remaining areas from 2011 to 2012. 

Despite declines across all reporting areas in recent years, large 

differences in teen childbearing persist among the states (22–24). In 

2012, teen births rates ranged from 13.8 in New Hampshire to 47.5 

in New Mexico (Table 12). The wide range in state-specific teen rates 

is consistent with patterns observed in previous analyses. In general, 

Table B. Birth rates for teenagers aged 15–19: United States, 

each state, and territory, 2011 and 2012

[By place of residence. Birth rates per 1,000 estimated female population aged 

15–19. Population estimated as of July 1]

Area 2012 2011

Percent 

change

United States1

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 31.3 –6

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 40.5 †

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 36.2 †

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 38.5 †

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.7 50.7 –10

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 28.7 –8

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 28.9 –12

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 16.4 –8

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 29.3 –15

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 42.8 –10

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 29.5 –5

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 38.2 –12

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 30.0 †

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 27.7 †

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 29.5 –5

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 34.8 –5

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 25.3 †

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 35.4 †

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 43.5 –5

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 45.1 –4

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 20.8 †

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 24.7 –11

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 15.4 –8

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 27.8 –5

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 19.3 †

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 50.2 –8

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 34.5 –7

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 29.2 †

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 27.2 †

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 36.1 –7

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 13.7 †

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 18.7 –11

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 48.8 †

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.7 21.2 –7

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 34.9 –9

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 28.2 †

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 31.5 –5

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 47.8 †

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 25.8 –8

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 24.9 –5

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 21.3 †

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 39.1 –6

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 34.3 †

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 40.8 –6

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 46.9 –5

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 23.1 †

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 16.8 †

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 24.5 –7

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 25.4 –8

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 43.5 †

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 23.2 –6

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 35.2 †

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 51.7 –6

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.8 59.3 –28

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 62.1 †

American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 38.4 †

Northern Marianas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 47.2 †

† Difference not statistically significant.

1

Excludes data for the territories.

NOTES: Population data for computing birth rates were provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. 

Rates by state may differ from rates computed on the basis of other population estimates.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 7

teen birth rates were lowest in the Northeast and highest across the 

South and Southwest. Differences in teen birth rates among race 

and Hispanic origin groups, noted earlier, contribute in part to the 

variation in state-specific teen birth rates (see “Age of mother”). 

Births to unmarried women

The birth rate for unmarried women declined in 2012 for the 

fourth consecutive year. The rate fell 2% from 2011 to 2012, to 45.3 

births per 1,000 unmarried women aged 15–44, the lowest rate 

since 2003 (Tables C, 15, and 16). The nonmarital birth rate was 

13% lower in 2012 than in 2007 and 2008, when it was at its historic 

peak of 51.8 per 1,000. 

The percentage of all births to unmarried women was 40.7 in 

2012, essentially stable for the third consecutive year. The number 

of nonmarital births rose very slightly from 2011 (1,607,773) to 

2012 (1,609,619). The 2012 total is 7% lower than the 2008 peak 

(Table C). 

Birth rates for unmarried women fell in 2012 for women in age 

groups under 30; the rate was essentially unchanged for women 

aged 30–34, and it increased to historic peaks for women aged 

35 and over. The steepest declines were for teenagers, particularly 

younger teenagers aged 15–17, whose rate dropped by 8% from 

2011 (14.9) to 2012 (13.7). Although the majority of nonmarital births 

are for women under age 25 (54% in 2012), this level has dropped 

from 64% in 2002 (25). 

Nonmarital birth rates declined for all race and Hispanic origin 

population groups except API women, for whom the rate increased 

by 2%, from 22.4 in 2011 to 22.9 per 1,000 in 2012. Despite this 

increase, API women had the lowest rate of all race and Hispanic 

origin groups in 2012. Hispanic women had the highest nonmarital 

birth rate of all groups in 2012 (72.6) but also the largest percent 

decline between 2011 and 2012, a 3% drop (from 75.1 in 2011). 

Rates for non-Hispanic white women (32.1) and black women (62.6) 

fell 1% and 2%, respectively, in 2012. All race and Hispanic origin 

groups have experienced declines from the peak rates of 2007–

2008, with the largest decline for Hispanic women, down 29% (from 

102.1 in 2007). 

While the percentage of all births to unmarried women was 

down slightly in 2012 (40.7) from its peak of 41.0% in 2009, it was 

still more than twice the level in 1980, 18.4% (Table C). About 9 out of 

10 births to teenagers aged 15–19 were nonmarital compared with 

about 1 in 5 for women in their thirties. Almost two-thirds of births to 

women aged 20–24 were nonmarital (64.8%)—the age group with 

the highest number of nonmarital births (593,894). 

The proportions of nonmarital births vary widely by race and 

Hispanic origin. In 2012, the percentage of nonmarital births for 

non-Hispanic black (72%) and AIAN (67%) mothers was more than 

three times that of API mothers (17%) and more than twice that of 

non-Hispanic white mothers (29%). A little more than one-half (54%) 

of births to Hispanic mothers were to unmarried women. These 

proportions were essentially unchanged from 2011.

More than one-half of all births in DC, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

and New Mexico were to unmarried women in 2012 (Table I–4). Less 

than one in five births in Utah (18.7%) were to unmarried mothers, 

the lowest of any state. These geographic variations largely reflect 

compositional differences by race and Hispanic origin among states.

Age of father

The 2012 fertility rate of men for the United States was 46.1 

births per 1,000 men aged 15–54, unchanged from 2011 (46.1) 

(Table 17). Rates declined for all men under age 30 (down 6% for 

men aged 15–19, 4% for men aged 20–24, and 2% for men aged 

25–29); rose for men aged 35–49 (up 2% for men aged 35–39 and 

40–44 and 4% for men aged 45–49); and were unchanged for men 

aged 30–34 and 50 and over. Rates for men aged 15–19 (13.8), 

20–24 (58.3), and 25–29 (92.5) reached record lows in 2012 (18). 

Birth rates for white men declined less than 1% to 44.0 births 

per 1,000 men aged 15–54 between 2011 and 2012; the rate for 

black men declined 1% to 58.2 births per 1,000 men aged 15–

54—these rates were record lows for both groups. Rates declined 

for white men in all age groups under 35 and for black men in all 

age groups under 30, rose for white men aged 35–39 and 45–54 

and black men aged 35–49, and were unchanged for the remaining 

age groups. Information on age of father is often missing on birth 

certificates of children born to women under age 25 and to unmarried 

women. In 2012, age of father was not reported for 13% of all births, 

23% of births to all women under age 25, and 30% of all nonmarital 

births. The procedures for computing birth rates by age of father that 

account for the missing data are described in the “User Guide” (13).

Table C. Births and birth rates for unmarried and married 

women: United States, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000–2012

Year

Births to unmarried women Birth rate 

for married 

women3 Number Rate1 Percent2

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609,619 45.3 40.7 86.0

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,607,773 46.0 40.7 85.1

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,633,471 47.5 40.8 84.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,693,658 49.9 41.0 85.6

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,566 51.8 40.6 86.9

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,715,047 51.8 39.7 89.1

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,641,946 50.3 38.5 88.7

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,527,034 47.2 36.9 87.9

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,470,189 46.0 35.8 88.1

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415,995 44.7 34.6 88.4

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365,966 43.6 34.0 86.9

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349,249 43.7 33.5 86.6

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,347,043 44.1 33.2 87.4

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,253,976 44.3 32.2 82.6

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165,384 43.8 28.0 93.2

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828,174 32.8 22.0 93.3

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665,747 29.4 18.4 97.0

1

Births to umarried women per 1,000 unmarried women aged 15–44.

2

Percentage of all births to unmarried women.

3

Births to married women per 1,000 married women aged 15–44.
8 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Maternal Lifestyle and Health 

Characteristics

Medical services utilization

Attendant at birth and place of delivery

The vast majority of births in the United States are delivered 

in hospitals. In 2012, 98.6% of all U.S. births occurred in hospitals. 

Doctors of medicine attended 85.8% of all hospital births, certified 

nurse midwives (CNMs) attended 7.6%, and doctors of osteopathy 

attended 6.0% (Table 20).

Out-of-hospital deliveries represented 1.4% of births in 2012. 

Of the more than 50,000 out-of-hospital births, about two-thirds 

(65.6%) occurred in a residence (home), and 29.0% occurred 

in a freestanding birthing center (Table 20). The number of births 

occurring at home, 35,184, was the highest since reporting began 

for this item in 1989. Older mothers, those aged 35 and over, are the 

most likely to have a home birth (26). Oregon reported the highest 

percentage of home births in 2012 (2.4%), with five other states at 

2.0% or more. Six states and DC reported less than one-half of a 

percentage of births occurring at home; Louisiana had the lowest 

percentage of home deliveries (0.2%).

In 2012, CNMs attended 7.6% of all hospital births, the same 

as 2011, but a 6% increase from 2005 (7.2%). The percentage of 

out-of-hospital births attended by CNMs also increased 6% over this 

period, from 28.6% in 2005, to 30.4% in 2012.

Method of delivery

In 2012, 32.8% of U.S. births were delivered by cesarean (Table 

21), a rate that has remained unchanged since 2010. Prior to 2010, 

the cesarean delivery rate had increased every year since 1996 

when about one-fifth of births (20.7%) were delivered by cesarean. 

Cesarean delivery rates were unchanged from 2011–2012 

for all maternal age groups under 40 (Table 22). Rates for women 

aged 40–54 increased 1%, from 49.2% to 49.7%. As in prior years, 

cesarean delivery rates were higher for older mothers. One in two 

births to women aged 40–54 were delivered by cesarean, compared 

with less than one in four births to women under age 20.

Changes in the cesarean delivery rate from 2011–2012 varied 

by race and Hispanic origin (Table 21). Rates increased for nonHispanic black (from 35.5% to 35.8%) and Hispanic (32.0% to 

32.2%) women. In contrast, the rate for non-Hispanic white women 

declined from 32.4% to 32.3%; rates for non-Hispanic white women 

have declined every year since 2009. Historically, Hispanic women 

have had lower cesarean delivery rates than non-Hispanic white and 

non-Hispanic black women; however, in 2012, cesarean delivery 

rates for non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women were essentially 

the same. Non-Hispanic black women continued to have the highest 

rate of cesarean delivery. 

Changes in cesarean delivery rates varied by state (Table I–7). 

For most states (35 and DC) the cesarean delivery rate remained 

unchanged from 2011 to 2012. Rates in 9 states were lower in 2012 

than in 2011, decreasing an average of 2%. Rates for the remaining 

6 states were higher in 2012 than in 2011, increasing an average of 

Figure 5. Cesarean deliveries, by gestational age: 1996–2012 
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 9

Table D. Live births delivered by forceps or vacuum extraction: 

1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008–2012

Year Forceps

Vacuum 

extraction

Forceps or 

vacuum

Percent

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 2.79 3.40

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.65 2.85 3.50

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66 2.96 3.62

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.67 3.04 3.71

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.71 3.22 3.94

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93 3.87 4.80

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.07 4.85 6.92

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.48 5.90 9.38

19901

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 3.90 9.01

1

Excludes data for Oklahoma, which did not require reporting of method of delivery.

4%. Cesarean delivery rates for 2012 ranged from 22.6% in Utah to 

40.2% in Louisiana.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has 

called for a reduction in the occurrence of nonmedically indicated 

cesarean delivery and induction of labor prior to 39 weeks (27,28). 

Efforts to reduce such births include changes in hospital policy to 

disallow elective delivery prior to 39 weeks (29,30). The rate of 

cesarean delivery for all U.S. births delivered at less than 39 weeks 

peaked in 2009 at 38.3% and had declined every year since, 

reaching 37.5% in 2012 (Figure 5). Declines in the cesarean delivery 

rate among births at 38 weeks have driven this downward trend. 

From 2009 to 2012, the cesarean delivery rate at 38 weeks declined 

at least 2% each year, reaching 32.2% in 2012 (from 34.7% in 2009). 

In contrast, cesarean delivery among births at 39 weeks continued 

to increase at least 2% each year during this time. Changes at other 

gestational ages were less marked (data not shown). A recent report 

provides more detail on the recent trends in cesarean delivery at 38 

and 39 weeks among singleton births (31). 

Information for 2012 on primary cesarean and vaginal birth 

after cesarean delivery for the revised reporting area (38 states and 

DC) is presented in the “User Guide” (13). An upcoming report will 

examine trends in primary cesarean delivery rates by state and for 

limited reporting areas (32).

Use of forceps and vacuum extraction to assist delivery has 

been declining since data on these methods have been available 

(Table D). In 2012, only 3.40% of births were assisted by forceps 

or vacuum extraction (down from 3.50% in 2011). In 1990, forceps 

and vacuum extraction assisted 9.01% of births. Vacuum extraction 

declined from 2.85% in 2011 to 2.79% in 2012. The use of forceps 

declined from 0.65% in 2012 to 0.61% in 2012. Forceps have been 

used for less than 1% of births since 2005.

Infant Health Characteristics

Period of gestation

The preterm birth rate declined to 11.55% in 2012, down 2% 

from 2011 (11.73%) and 10% from 2006 (12.80%); see Tables E, 

23, and 24. The percentage of infants born preterm (less than 37 

completed weeks of gestation) rose by more than one-third from 

1981 through 2006, but is down each year during 2007–2012. 

Declines from 2011 to 2012 were observed among infants born early 

preterm (less than 34 weeks), from 3.44% to 3.41%, and among late 

preterm infants (34–36 weeks), from 8.28% to 8.13%. Since 2006, 

the early preterm rate is down 7%, and the late preterm rate is down 

11% (Table E).

Births delivered early term (37–38 weeks) were also down 

between 2011 and 2012 (Table E). The rate of births at 37 weeks 

of gestation declined 2% (from 8.71% in 2011 to 8.57% in 2012); 

births at 38 weeks were down 4% (from 17.16% to 16.39 %) (data 

for individual weeks not shown). Since 2006, births at 37 weeks 

have declined 10% and births at 38 weeks 16%; see Figure 6. 

Concurrently, the percentage of infants delivered at 39 weeks (full 

term) rose 2% for 2011–2012, and 17% from 2006 to 2012. Rates 

at 40 weeks (also full term) and 41 weeks (late term) have also risen 

over both time periods, but at a slower pace. 

The preterm birth rate for singleton births only was 9.89% in 

2012, down 2% from 2011 (10.05%) and down 11% from 2006 

(11.09%). Trends in gestational age among births in singleton 

deliveries are examined because multiple births have, on average, 

shorter gestations than singletons (see “Multiple births”) and can 

influence total trends in preterm birth. Singleton trends during 

2006–2012 are similar to those summarized above for all births, that 

is, declines in births at less than 39 weeks and increases at fulland late-term deliveries (Table E). Efforts to reduce nonmedically 

indicated cesarean deliveries and labor inductions prior to 39 weeks 

may be in part associated with recent national declines in deliveries 

prior to 39 weeks (31,33,34). Reducing the incidence of these births 

is of public-health importance because the risk of adverse perinatal 

outcome decreases with gestational age until 39–40 weeks (35,36).

Preterm birth rates declined among non-Hispanic white infants 

(from 10.50% to 10.29%) and non-Hispanic black infants (from 

16.77% to 16.53%) from 2011 to 2012; the difference in the rate for 

Hispanic infants (11.65% to 11.58%) was not statistically significant 

(Table 24). The 2012 preterm rate among non-Hispanic black infants 

was 10% lower than the recent peak in 2006 (18.46%) and another 

record low. Since 2006, preterm levels have decreased 12% for nonHispanic white infants and 5% for Hispanic infants. 

From 2006 to 2012 preterm birth rates declined 9%–12% 

among women in each 5-year age group 15–39; see Table 25 for 

2012 data. In 2012 as in earlier years, preterm birth rates ranged 

widely by maternal age, from about 1 of 10 births to women aged 

25–34, to 1 out of 5 births to mothers under age 15, and 1 of 4 births 

to mothers aged 45 and over.

Fourteen states reported declines in preterm birth rates between 

2011 and 2012; rates increased in 2 states and were unchanged in 

the remaining 34 states and DC; see Table I–8 for 2012 data. From 

2006 to 2012, declines were observed in 44 states and DC; rates in 

the remaining 6 states were essentially stable. 

Birthweight

The U.S. low birthweight rate (LBW) dipped 1% for 2012, to 

7.99% from 8.10%, in 2011, and 3% lower than the 2006 high 

(8.26%). Following increases of nearly 20% from 1990 to 2006, the 

percentage of LBW infants (less than 2,500 grams or 5 pounds, 8 

ounces) has slowly declined (see Tables 23–25). The percentage of 

moderately LBW infants (1,500–2,499 grams) declined for 2011–

2012 from 6.66% to 6.57%, and is down from 6.77% in 2006. 
10 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

The rate of very low birthweight [VLBW (less than 1,500 grams)] also 

declined slightly from 1.44% in 2011 to 1.42% in 2012; this rate is 

down from 1.49% in 2006. 

Weight at birth is closely associated with gestational age. And 

as the gestational age distribution has shifted in recent years toward 

longer pregnancies (see “Period of gestation”), the birthweight 

distribution has also shifted slightly toward heavier babies. In addition 

to declines in infants born at less than 2,500 grams, the percentage of 

infants born at 2,500–2,999 grams (5 pounds, 9 ounces to 6 pounds, 

9 ounces) is also down, from 18.44% to 18.28% from 2006 to 2012. 

Over this period, the percentage of infants delivered at 3,000 grams 

or greater increased from 73.30% to 73.73% (see Table F).

The lower the infant’s weight at birth, the greater the risk of 

poor pregnancy outcome. For 2010, 22% of infants born at less than 

1,500 grams did not survive their first year, compared with just over 

1% of moderately LBW infants, and 0.2% of infants born at 2,500 

grams and greater (35). Even infants weighing between 2,500 and 

2,999 grams are at twice the risk of early death than heavier infants 

(37).

LBW declined among non-Hispanic white infants from 7.09% 

to 6.97% from 2011 to 2012 and among non-Hispanic black infants 

(from 13.33% to 13.18%), but it was essentially unchanged for 

Hispanic infants (6.96% in 2012) (Table 24). Since 2006, the LBW 

rate has declined 5% among non-Hispanic white, and 6% for nonHispanic black infants; rates for Hispanic infants have fluctuated only 

slightly. Levels of VLBW were essentially stable from 2011 to 2012 

for non-Hispanic white (1.13% for 2012) and non-Hispanic black 

(2.93%) infants but are down for both groups from highs reported for 

2005. VLBW levels for Hispanic infants have been generally stable 

from 2006 to 2011. 

The percentage of LBW infants born in singleton deliveries also 

declined slightly between 2011 and 2012, from 6.32% to 6.26%. 

The singleton LBW rate rose 10% from 1990 (5.90%) to 2006 

(6.49%), but it is down 4% from the 2006 high. Overall LBW levels 

are influenced by changes in the rate of multiple births, which are 

much more likely to be LBW than infants born in singleton deliveries; 

see “Multiple births.’’ 

Table F. Birthweight distribution in 500-gram intervals: United 

States, 2006 and 2012

Birthweight (grams) 2012 2006

Percent

Less than 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15 0.16

500–999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.54 0.57

1,000–1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.73 0.76

1,500–1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.56 1.63

2,000–2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.01 5.15

2,500–2,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.28 18.44

3,000–3,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.00 38.87

3,500–3,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.81 26.61

4,000–4,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.83 6.75

4,500–4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.97 0.96

5,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 0.11

Less than 3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.27 26.70

3,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.73 73.30

Table E. Distribution of births by gestational age, all births, and for singleton births only: United States, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2006, and 

2010–2012

Gestational age1

All births

2012 2011 2010 2006 2005 2000 1990

Percent

Under 28 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.72 0.71

28–31 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19 1.20 1.22 1.29 1.26 1.21 1.21

32–33 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.49 1.52 1.53 1.62 1.60 1.49 1.40

Total under 34 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.41 3.44 3.50 3.66 3.63 3.42 3.32

34–36 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 8.28 8.49 9.15 9.09 8.22 7.30

Total under 37 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.55 11.73 11.99 12.80 12.73 11.64 10.62

37–38 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.96 25.86 26.88 28.89 28.29 24.50 19.66

39 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.77 29.19 28.31 25.43 25.25 24.32 21.72

40 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.56 19.29 19.11 18.87 19.24 21.31 22.59

41 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.55 8.36 8.24 8.33 8.66 10.95 14.09

42 weeks and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.62 5.57 5.48 5.67 5.84 7.28 11.33

Singletons

Percent

Under 28 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.59 0.61

28–31 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.97 0.97 0.99 1.04 1.02 0.99 1.08

32–33 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20 1.21 1.23 1.31 1.28 1.22 1.24

Total under 34 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.76 2.77 2.82 2.96 2.91 2.80 2.93

34–36 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.13 7.28 7.48 8.14 8.09 7.33 6.77

Total under 37 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.89 10.05 10.30 11.09 11.00 10.12 9.70

37–38 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.70 25.66 26.74 28.91 28.30 24.38 19.43

39 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.66 30.06 29.14 26.15 25.96 24.89 21.98

40 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.17 19.90 19.71 19.44 19.82 21.89 22.99

41 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.81 8.62 8.49 8.58 8.93 11.26 14.37

42 weeks and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.77 5.72 5.62 5.83 5.99 7.46 11.53

1

Completed weeks of gestation.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 11

During 2006–2012, declines in the percentage of LBW infants 

were reported for 25 states and DC—levels for the remaining states 

were not statistically changed. See Tables I–9 and I–10 for statespecific VLBW and LBW rates for 2012. 

Multiple births

The twin birth rate was stable at 33.1 per 1,000 births for 2012, 

essentially unchanged from 2010 and 2011. The twinning rate 

(births in twin deliveries per 1,000 total births) rose steadily from 

1980 to 2009 (from 18.9 to 33.2 per 1,000), but it has fluctuated only 

from 33.2 to 33.1 since (Tables 26 and 27). The number of infants 

born in twin deliveries was 131,024 in 2012, the lowest number in 

almost a decade (2003), but still nearly twice as high as the number 

of twins delivered in 1980 (68,339) (Table 27).

Twinning rates were stable from 2011 to 2012 among nonHispanic white (36.8 per 1,000 for 2012) and non-Hispanic black 

(36.9) women, but declined among Hispanic women (from 23.1 to 

22.6). Following rises from 1990 to 2009 (up 62% for non-Hispanic 

white, 42% for non-Hispanic black, and 25% for Hispanic women), 

twin birth rates have fluctuated fairly modestly among all three 

groups (Table 27). 

The triplet and higher-order multiple birth rate (triplet/+) declined 

9% from 2011 to 2012, to 124.4 per 100,000 births, the lowest 

rate in 18 years (Figure 1). The triplet/+ rate (number of triplets, 

quadruplets, and quintuplets and other higher-order multiples per 

100,000 births) rose more than 400% from 1980 to 1998, but it has 

since fallen by more than one-third (Tables 26 and 27). The number 

of triplet/+ births also declined 9% in 2012, to 4,919, the lowest 

number of triplets/+ since 1994; see Table G. The 2012 triplet/+ 

number included 4,598 triplets, 276 quadruplets, and 45 quintuplets 

and higher-order multiple births.

Recent declines in triplet/+ birth rates may be associated with 

guidelines from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine 

developed to reduce the incidence of higher-order multiple gestation 

pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) 

(38–40) and with improvements in ART procedures (39). Infants born 

in multigestation pregnancies tend to be born smaller and sooner 

than singletons (17) and are at higher risk of early death (35). In 

2010, the latest year for which mortality data are available, twins 

were more than 4 times, triplets 10 times, and quadruplets were 

more than 20 times as likely to die in infancy (35,37). 

The rate of triplet/+ births declined 11% for 2011–2012 for 

non-Hispanic white women (from 171.0 to 152.9 per 100,000) and 

Hispanic women (from 78.7 to 70.1); the difference for non-Hispanic 

black women (108.9 to 107.8) was not statistically significant (Table 

27). Differing trends in triplet/+ births are observed for 1998–2012 

by race and Hispanic origin. Whereas large declines are seen among 

non-Hispanic white women (down 42%), rates for non-Hispanic 

black women have fluctuated but trended upward (23% rise), and 

those for Hispanic women have fluctuated fairly narrowly (75.3 in 

1998 and 70.1 in 2012).

Figure 6. Percent change for single weeks of gestation 34–41: United States, 2006 and 2012 
12 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Since 1998, when the total triplet/+ birth rate peaked, agespecific rates have declined by at least 30% for women in age groups 

25 and over, with the largest decline among women aged 45 and 

over (from 2,326.8 per 100,000 in 1998 to 812.2 in 2012) (Table 

26; 1998 data not shown). As in earlier years, triplet/+ rates ranged 

widely by maternal age, from 14 per 100,000 for teen mothers to 

more than 200 for mothers aged 35 and over in 2012. State-specific 

rates of multiple births vary widely; see Table I–11. For combined 

years 2010–2012, more than 4.0% of all births in Connecticut, New 

Jersey, and Massachusetts were twins, compared with 2.6% of 

births in New Mexico. The highest incidence of triplet/+ births for 

this period was in North Dakota (194.9 per 100,000), three times as 

high as in New Mexico (58.4).

References

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Table G. Number of triplet, quadruplet, and quintuplet and 

higher-order multiple births: United States, 1990 and 

1995–2012

Year Triplet Quadruplet

Quintuplet and 

higher-order 

multiples1 Total triplet/+

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,598 276 45 321 

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,137 239 41 280

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,153 313 37 350

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,905 355 80 435

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,877 345 46 391

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,967 369 91 460

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,118 355 67 422

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,208 418 68 486

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,750 439 86 525

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,110 468 85 553

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,898 434 69 503

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,885 501 85 586

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,742 506 77 583

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,742 512 67 579

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,919 627 79 706

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,148 510 79 589

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,298 560 81 641

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,551 365 57 422

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,830 185 13 198

1

Quintuplets, sextuplets, and higher-order multiple births are not differentiated in the national 

data set.

NOTE: Triplet/+ births are births in triplet and higher-order multiple deliveries.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 13

28. ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics. ACOG practice 

bulletin no. 107: Induction of labor. Obstet Gynecol 114(2 Pt 1):386–97. 

2009.

29. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Patient safety 

checklist no. 5: Scheduling induction of labor. Obstet Gynecol 

118(6):1473–4. 2011.

30. Clark SL, Frye DR, Meyers JA, Belfort MA, Dildy GA, Kofford S, et al. 

Reduction in elective delivery at <39 weeks of gestation: Comparative 

effectiveness of 3 approaches to change and the impact on neonatal 

intensive care admission and stillbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 

203(5):449.e1–6. 2010.

31. Osterman MJK, Martin JA. Changes in cesarean delivery rates by 

gestational age: United States, 1996–2011. NCHS data brief, no 124. 

Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013.

32. Osterman MJK, Martin JA. Primary cesarean delivery rates by state: 

Results from the revised birth certificate, 2006–2012. National vital 

statistics reports; vol 63 no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for 

Health Statistics. 2014.

33. Oshiro BT, Kowalewski L, Sappenfield W, Alter CC, Bettegowda VR, 

Russell R, et al. A multistate quality improvement program to decrease 

elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol 

121(5):1025–31. 2013.

34. Donovan EF, Lannon C, Bailit J, Rose B, Iams JD, Byczkowski T, Ohio 

Perinatal Quality Collaborative Writing Committee. A statewide initiative 

to reduce inappropriate scheduled births at 36(0/7)–38(6/7) weeks’ 

gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 202(3):243.e1–8. 2010.

35. Mathews TJ, MacDorman MF. Infant mortality statistics from the 2010 

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36. Fang YM, Guirguis P, Borgida A, Feldman D, Ingardia C, Herson V. 

Increased neonatal morbidity despite pulmonary maturity for deliveries 

occurring before 39 weeks. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 26(1):79–82. 

2013.

37. NCHS. Unpublished data from 2010 period linked birth/infant death 

file. 2013.

38. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Guidelines on number 

of embryos transferred. A practice committee report—a committee 

opinion (revised) 1999.

39. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 

Practice Committee of Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. 

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Steril 99(1):44–6. 2013.

40. Practice Committee of Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, 

Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 

Elective single-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 97(4):835–42. 2012.

41. Ramirez RR, Ennis SR. Item nonresponse, allocation, and data editing 

of the question on Hispanic origin in the American Community Survey 

(ACS): 2000 to 2007. U.S. Census Bureau: Population Division Working 

Paper No. 86. 2010.

42. Schmidley D, Cresce A. Tracking Hispanic ethnicity: Evaluation of 

Current Population Survey data quality for the question on Hispanic 

origin, 1971 to 2004. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

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documentation/twps0080/twps0080.pdf.

43. OMB. Race and ethnic standards for federal statistics and administrative 

reporting. Statistical Policy Directive 15. 1977.

44. Ingram DD, Parker JD, Schenker N, et al. United States Census 2000 

population with bridged race categories. National Center for Health 

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45. Johnson D. Coding and editing multiple race and ethnicity. In: 2004 

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Portland, OR. 2004.

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Systems and the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Portland, OR. 

2004.

47. NCHS. Vintage 2012 postcensal estimates of the resident population of 

the United States (April 1, 2010, July 1, 2010–July 1, 2012), by year, 

county, single-year of age (0, 1, 2, .., 85 years and over), bridged race, 

Hispanic origin, and sex. Prepared under a collaborative arrangement 

with the U.S. Census Bureau. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/

nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm as of June 13, 2013, following release 

by the U.S. Census Bureau of the unbridged vintage 2012 postcensal 

estimates by 5-year age group on June 13, 2013. Available from: 

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.

htm#vintage2012.

48. U.S. Census Bureau. International data base. Population by single year 

age groups. 2012. Available from: http://www.census.gov/population/

international/data/idb/informationGateway.php. 

49. U.S. Census Bureau. 2012 population estimates. Annual estimates of 

the resident population by single year of age and sex for the United 

States, states, and Puerto Rico Commonwealth: April 1, 2010 to July 

1, 2012. Available from: http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/

en/PEP/2012/PEPSYASEX/0400000US72.

50. U.S. Census Bureau. DataFerrett. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. 

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2012.

52. U.S. Census Bureau. DataFerrett. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. 

2013.

53. Ventura SJ, Bachrach CA. Nonmarital childbearing in the United States, 

1940–99. National vital statistics reports; vol 48 no 16. Hyattsville, MD: 

National Center for Health Statistics. 2000.

54. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2012 1-year 

estimates (ST31005–sex, single year of age from 0 to 99 and 100 and 

over, and Hispanic subgroup). Population estimates for 2012 based on 

unpublished tabulations. 2014.

55. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey: Survey 

methodology. Available from: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/

methodology/methodology_main/. 

56. U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Survey (CPS). Methodology. 

Available from: http://www.census.gov/cps/methodology/. 

57. NCHS. Bridged-race intercensal estimates of the resident population 

of the United States for July 1, 2000–July 1, 2009, by year, county, 

single-year of age (0, 1, 2, .., 85 years and over), bridged race, Hispanic 

origin, and sex. Prepared under a collaborative arrangement with the 

U.S. Census Bureau. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/

bridged_race.htm as of October 26, 2012, following release by the 

U.S. Census Bureau of the revised unbridged intercensal estimates by 

5-year age group on October 9, 2012. 

58. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ, et al. Births: Final data for 2010. 

National vital statistics reports; vol 61 no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National 

Center for Health Statistics. 2012. 

59. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ, et al. Births: Final data for 2009. 

National vital statistics reports; vol 60 no 1. Hyattsville, MD: National 

Center for Health Statistics. 2011.

60. NCHS. Guide to completing the facility worksheets for the certificate of 

live birth and report of fetal death (2003 revision). 2012 update.
14 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

List of Detailed Tables

1. Births and birth rates, by race: United States, specified years, 

1940–1955, and each year, 1960–2012 ................. 15

2. Births, by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mother: 

United States, 2012................................. 17

3. Birth rates, by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of 

mother: United States, 2012 .......................... 18

4. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, 1970–2012, and by 

age and race of mother: United States, 1980–2012......... 19

5. Births and birth rates, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race 

for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 1989–2012 23

6. Births, by age of mother, live-birth order, and Hispanic origin of 

mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United 

States, 2012 ...................................... 25

7. Birth rates, by age of mother, live-birth order, and Hispanic 

origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 

United States, 2012................................. 27

8. Birth rates, by age and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for 

mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 1989–2012 ... 29

9. Birth rates, by live-birth order and race and Hispanic origin of 

mother: United States, 1980–2012 ..................... 34

10. Births, by race of mother: United States, each state, and 

territory, 2012 ..................................... 36

11. Births, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers 

of non-Hispanic origin: United States, each state, and 

territory, 2012 ..................................... 37

12. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, each state, and 

territory, 2012 ..................................... 38

13. Selected demographic characteristics of births, by race of 

mother: United States, 2012 .......................... 39

14. Selected demographic characteristics of births, by Hispanic 

origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 

United States, 2012................................. 40

15. Births and birth rates for unmarried women, by age and race 

and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012 ......... 41

16. Birth rates for unmarried women, by age of mother: United 

States, 1970, 1975, and 1980–2012, and by age and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012 ....... 42

17. Birth rates, by age and race of father: United States, 

1980–2012 ....................................... 45

18. Selected medical and health characteristics of births, by race of 

mother: United States, 2012 .......................... 47

19. Selected medical and health characteristics of births, by 

Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of nonHispanic origin: United States, 2012 .................... 48

20. Births, by attendant, place of delivery, and race and Hispanic 

origin of mother: United States, 2012.................... 49

21. Births, by method of delivery and race and Hispanic origin of 

mother: United States, 1989–2012 ..................... 50

22. Births, by method of delivery by age and race and Hispanic 

origin of mother: United States, 2012.................... 51

23. Births, by birthweight, gestational age, and race and Hispanic 

origin of mother: United States, 2012.................... 52

24. Very preterm and preterm births, and very low birthweight and 

low birthweight births, by race and Hispanic origin of mother: 

United States, 1981–2012............................ 54

25. Preterm and low birthweight births, by age and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012 ............ 56

26. Births, by plurality, age, and race and Hispanic origin of mother: 

United States, 2012................................. 58

27. Twin and triplet or higher-order multiple births, by race and 

Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012 ....... 59

List of Internet Tables

Available from:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr62/nvsr62_09_tables.pdf.

I–1. Mean age of mother, by live-birth order and race and Hispanic 

origin of mother: United States, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, and 

2000–2012

I–2. Births and seasonally adjusted birth rates, by month: United 

States, 2012

I–3. Births, by day of week and method of delivery: United States, 

2012

I–4. Births to unmarried women, by race and Hispanic origin of 

mother: United States, each state, and territory, 2012

I–5. Births, by weight gain of mother during pregnancy, plurality, 

gestational age, and race and Hispanic origin of mother: 

United States, 2012

I–6. Selected risk factors, obstetric procedures, characteristics of 

labor and delivery, and congenital anomalies, by age and race 

and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

I–7. Cesarean delivery, by race and Hispanic origin of mother: 

United States, each state, and territory, 2012

I–8. Preterm births, by race and Hispanic origin of mother: United 

States, each state, and territory, 2012

I–9. Low birthweight births, by race and Hispanic origin of mother: 

United States, each state, and territory, 2012

I–10. Very low birthweight births, by race and Hispanic origin of 

mother: United States, each state, and territory, 2012

I–11. Twin and triplet or higher-order multiple births, by state: 

United States and each state, 2010–2012
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 15

Table 1. Births and birth rates, by race: United States, specified years, 1940–1955, and each year, 1960–2012

[Birth rates are births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified group. Populations based on counts enumerated 

as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning with 1970, excludes births to nonresidents of the United States]

Year

Number Birth rate Fertility rate

All

races1 White Black 

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian or 

Pacific 

Islander 

All

races1 White Black

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian or 

Pacific 

Islander

All

races1 White Black

 American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian or 

Pacific 

Islander

Registered births

Race of mother:

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 2,999,820 634,126 46,093 272,802 12.6 12.1 14.7 10.5 15.1 63.0 63.0 65.1 47.0 62.2

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,953,590 3,020,355 632,901 46,419 253,915 12.7 12.2 14.8 10.7 14.5 63.2 63.4 65.5 47.7 59.9

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,999,386 3,069,315 636,425 46,760 246,886 13.0 12.5 15.1 11.0 14.5 64.1 64.4 66.3 48.6 59.2

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,130,665 3,173,293 657,618 48,665 251,089 13.5 13.0 15.8 11.8 15.1 66.2 66.4 68.8 51.6 61.3

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,247,694 3,274,163 670,809 49,537 253,185 14.0 13.5 16.3 12.4 15.7 68.1 68.3 70.6 54.0 63.3

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,316,233 3,336,626 675,676 49,443 254,488 14.3 13.8 16.7 12.9 16.4 69.3 69.4 71.7 55.5 65.3

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,265,555 3,310,308 666,481 47,721 241,045 14.3 13.8 16.7 12.9 16.0 68.6 68.7 71.4 55.3 63.7

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,138,349 3,229,294 633,134 44,813 231,108 14.0 13.6 16.1 12.6 15.9 66.7 66.8 68.5 53.6 63.0

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,112,052 3,222,928 616,074 43,927 229,123 14.0 13.6 15.9 12.8 16.4 66.4 66.5 67.2 54.2 64.5

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,089,950 3,225,848 599,847 43,052 221,203 14.1 13.7 15.7 13.0 16.4 66.1 66.4 66.0 54.8 64.2

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,021,726 3,174,760 593,691 42,368 210,907 14.0 13.6 15.7 13.2 16.3 65.0 65.1 65.7 55.7 63.3

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,025,933 3,177,626 606,156 41,872 200,279 14.1 13.7 16.3 13.5 16.1 65.1 65.0 67.5 56.8 62.5

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,058,814 3,194,005 622,598 41,668 200,543 14.4 13.9 17.0 14.0 17.1 65.9 65.3 70.0 58.7 65.8

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,959,417 3,132,501 605,970 40,170 180,776 14.2 13.7 16.8 14.2 15.9 64.4 64.0 68.5 59.0 60.9

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,941,553 3,118,727 609,902 40,272 172,652 14.3 13.8 17.1 14.8 15.9 64.3 63.6 69.4 61.3 60.1

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,880,894 3,072,640 599,913 38,572 169,769 14.2 13.7 17.1 14.7 16.2 63.6 62.8 69.0 60.8 61.3

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,891,494 3,093,057 594,781 37,880 165,776 14.4 13.9 17.3 14.9 16.5 64.1 63.3 69.2 61.8 62.3

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,899,589 3,098,885 603,139 37,278 160,287 14.6 14.1 17.8 15.3 16.7 64.6 63.6 71.0 63.0 62.6

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,767 3,121,004 636,391 37,740 157,632 15.0 14.3 19.1 16.0 17.1 65.9 64.2 75.9 65.8 63.9

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000,240 3,149,833 658,875 38,732 152,800 15.4 14.6 20.2 17.0 17.3 67.0 64.9 79.6 69.7 64.3

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,065,014 3,201,678 673,633 39,453 150,250 15.8 15.0 21.1 17.9 17.9 68.4 66.1 82.4 73.1 66.1

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,110,907 3,241,273 682,602 38,841 145,372 16.2 15.3 21.8 18.3 18.3 69.3 66.7 84.8 73.9 67.1

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,158,212 3,290,273 684,336 39,051 141,635 16.7 15.8 22.4 18.9 19.0 70.9 68.3 86.8 76.2 69.6

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,040,958 3,192,355 673,124 39,478 133,075 16.4 15.4 22.3 19.7 18.7 69.2 66.4 86.2 79.0 68.2

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,909,510 3,102,083 638,562 37,088 129,035 16.0 15.0 21.5 19.3 19.2 67.3 64.5 82.6 76.8 70.2

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,809,394 3,043,828 611,173 35,322 116,560 15.7 14.9 20.8 19.1 18.4 65.8 63.3 80.1 75.6 67.1

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,756,547 3,019,175 592,910 34,169 107,797 15.6 14.8 20.5 19.2 18.0 65.4 63.1 78.9 75.9 66.0

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,760,561 3,037,913 581,824 34,037 104,606 15.8 15.0 20.4 19.8 18.7 66.3 64.1 78.8 78.6 68.4

19842

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,669,141 2,967,100 568,138 33,256 98,926 15.6 14.8 20.1 20.1 18.8 65.5 63.2 78.2 79.8 69.2

19832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,638,933 2,946,468 562,624 32,881 95,713 15.6 14.8 20.2 20.6 19.5 65.7 63.4 78.7 81.8 71.7

19822

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,680,537 2,984,817 568,506 32,436 93,193 15.9 15.1 20.7 21.1 20.3 67.3 64.8 80.9 83.6 74.8

19812

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,629,238 2,947,679 564,955 29,688 84,553 15.8 15.0 20.8 20.0 20.1 67.3 64.8 82.0 79.6 73.7

19802

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,612,258 2,936,351 568,080 29,389 74,355 15.9 15.1 21.3 20.7 19.9 68.4 65.6 84.7 82.7 73.2

Race of child:

19802

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,612,258 2,898,732 589,616 36,797 --- 15.9 14.9 22.1 --- --- 68.4 64.7 88.1 --- ---

19792

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,494,398 2,808,420 577,855 34,269 --- 15.6 14.5 22.0 --- --- 67.2 63.4 88.3 --- ---

19782

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,333,279 2,681,116 551,540 33,160 --- 15.0 14.0 21.3 --- --- 65.5 61.7 86.7 --- ---

19772

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,326,632 2,691,070 544,221 30,500 --- 15.1 14.1 21.4 --- --- 66.8 63.2 88.1 --- ---

19762

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,167,788 2,567,614 514,479 29,009 --- 14.6 13.6 20.5 --- --- 65.0 61.5 85.8 --- ---

19752

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,144,198 2,551,996 511,581 27,546 --- 14.6 13.6 20.7 --- --- 66.0 62.5 87.9 --- ---

19742

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,159,958 2,575,792 507,162 26,631 --- 14.8 13.9 20.8 --- --- 67.8 64.2 89.7 --- ---

19732

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,136,965 2,551,030 512,597 26,464 --- 14.8 13.8 21.4 --- --- 68.8 64.9 93.6 --- ---

19722

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,258,411 2,655,558 531,329 27,368 --- 15.6 14.5 22.5 --- --- 73.1 68.9 99.9 --- ---

19713

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,555,970 2,919,746 564,960 27,148 --- 17.2 16.1 24.4 --- --- 81.6 77.3 109.7 --- ---

19703

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,731,386 3,091,264 572,362 25,864 --- 18.4 17.4 25.3 --- --- 87.9 84.1 115.4 --- ---

19693

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,600,206 2,993,614 543,132 24,008 --- 17.9 16.9 24.4 --- --- 86.1 82.2 112.1 --- ---

19683

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,501,564 2,912,224 531,152 24,156 --- 17.6 16.6 24.2 --- --- 85.2 81.3 112.7 --- ---

19674

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,520,959 2,922,502 543,976 22,665 --- 17.8 16.8 25.1 --- --- 87.2 82.8 118.5 --- ---

19663

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,606,274 2,993,230 558,244 23,014 --- 18.4 17.4 26.2 --- --- 90.8 86.2 124.7 --- ---

19653

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,760,358 3,123,860 581,126 24,066 --- 19.4 18.3 27.7 --- --- 96.3 91.3 133.2 --- ---

19643

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,027,490 3,369,160 607,556 24,382 --- 21.1 20.0 29.5 --- --- 104.7 99.8 142.6 --- ---

19633,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,098,020 3,326,344 580,658 22,358 --- 21.7 20.7 --- --- --- 108.3 103.6 --- --- ---

19623,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,167,362 3,394,068 584,610 21,968 --- 22.4 21.4 --- --- --- 112.0 107.5 --- --- ---

19613

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,268,326 3,600,864 611,072 21,464 --- 23.3 22.2 --- --- --- 117.1 112.3 --- --- ---

19603

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,257,850 3,600,744 602,264 21,114 --- 23.7 22.7 31.9 --- --- 118.0 113.2 153.5 --- ---

See footnotes at end of table.
16 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 1. Births and birth rates, by race: United States, specified years, 1940–1955, and each year, 1960–2012

[Birth rates are births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified group. Populations based on counts enumerated 

as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning with 1970, excludes births to nonresidents of the United States]

Year

Number Birth rate Fertility rate

All

races1 White Black 

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian or 

Pacific 

Islander 

All

races1 White Black

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian or 

Pacific 

Islander

All

races1 White Black

 American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian or 

Pacific 

Islander

Births adjusted for

underregistration

Race of child:

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,097,000 3,485,000 --- --- --- 25.0 23.8 --- --- --- 118.3 113.7 --- --- ---

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,632,000 3,108,000 --- --- --- 24.1 23.0 --- --- --- 106.2 102.3 --- --- ---

1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,858,000 2,471,000 --- --- --- 20.4 19.7 --- --- --- 85.9 83.4 --- --- ---

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,559,000 2,199,000 --- --- --- 19.4 18.6 --- --- --- 79.9 77.1 --- --- ---

--- Data not available.

1

For 1960–1991, includes births to races not shown separately. For 1992 and later years, unknown race of mother is imputed; see Technical Notes.

2

Based on 100% of births in selected states and on a 50% sample of births in all other states; see reference 13.

3

Based on a 50% sample of births.

4

Based on a 20%–50% sample of births.

5

Figures by race exclude New Jersey.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiple-race reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; 

see Technical Notes. In this table, all women, including Hispanic women, are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 17

Table 2. Births, by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mother: United States, 2012

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Live-birth order and

race of mother All ages

Age of mother (years)

Under 

15

15–19

Total 15 16 17 18 19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 3,672 305,388 10,908 26,278 49,237 85,310 133,655 916,811 1,123,900 1,013,416 472,318 109,579 7,157 600

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570,976 3,578 251,022 10,570 24,700 43,864 70,517 101,371 461,553 421,704 299,857 106,892 24,251 1,952 167

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,245,437 60 45,526 267 1,360 4,664 12,672 26,563 298,113 369,985 346,802 152,075 30,909 1,808 159

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650,611 8 6,382 14 66 392 1,514 4,396 111,112 202,064 201,910 105,400 22,519 1,123 93

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275,816 7 745 3 5 33 142 562 31,371 81,497 92,913 54,580 13,796 835 72

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,076 1 82 1 – 5 14 62 7,464 28,240 37,567 24,944 7,256 479 43

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,865 – 17 – 1 3 3 10 1,573 9,670 16,414 11,943 3,968 252 28

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,887 – 11 – – 1 6 4 371 3,390 7,381 6,348 2,193 183 10

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,259 – 11 – – – 1 10 304 1,829 5,834 7,744 4,047 469 21

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,914 18 1,592 53 146 275 441 677 4,950 5,521 4,738 2,392 640 56 7

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,999,820 2,182 215,909 7,274 18,378 35,066 60,516 94,675 670,593 874,345 789,925 359,184 82,042 5,205 435

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,190,207 2,134 179,378 7,072 17,367 31,484 50,535 72,920 344,030 332,363 231,894 80,711 18,144 1,433 120

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955,223 28 31,258 168 899 3,177 8,699 18,315 220,766 293,653 271,584 113,812 22,707 1,298 117

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500,509 5 4,037 7 43 255 985 2,747 77,720 157,177 161,975 81,853 16,864 804 74

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,298 5 442 3 4 19 84 332 19,949 59,834 73,202 42,719 10,512 585 50

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,626 1 46 1 – 3 11 31 4,278 19,009 27,989 19,331 5,583 360 29

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,524 – 8 – – 2 – 6 822 5,863 11,601 8,989 3,033 190 18

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,557 – 5 – – – 3 2 187 1,933 4,985 4,640 1,669 132 6

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,923 – 7 – – – 1 6 186 1,021 3,593 5,616 3,115 369 16

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,953 9 728 23 65 126 198 316 2,655 3,492 3,102 1,513 415 34 5

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634,126 1,339 77,474 3,215 6,877 12,349 21,450 33,583 202,527 163,050 117,671 56,381 14,564 1,042 78

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242,041 1,295 61,853 3,093 6,365 10,763 17,245 24,387 94,074 45,504 25,935 10,375 2,735 246 24

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,156 30 12,390 88 409 1,302 3,454 7,137 64,323 50,736 34,016 14,856 3,553 235 17

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,254 3 2,083 5 21 124 455 1,478 28,446 34,889 26,546 13,020 3,085 174 8

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,922 2 272 – 1 13 54 204 9,871 17,637 14,754 8,133 2,095 150 8

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,284 – 33 – – 2 3 28 2,774 7,583 7,514 4,117 1,167 88 8

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,567 – 8 – 1 1 3 3 657 3,143 3,798 2,237 685 34 5

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,117 – 6 – – 1 3 2 163 1,230 1,969 1,331 385 31 2

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,084 – 4 – – – – 4 112 689 1,869 1,651 687 68 4

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,701 9 825 29 80 143 233 340 2,107 1,639 1,270 661 172 16 2

American Indian or Alaska 

Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,093 89 6,476 258 579 1,019 1,864 2,756 15,164 12,294 7,871 3,356 778 61 4

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,959 88 5,204 249 551 893 1,518 1,993 6,222 2,701 1,229 428 83 4 –

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,419 1 1,061 7 27 112 301 614 5,150 3,533 1,882 646 130 15 1

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,273 – 162 1 – 9 38 114 2,498 2,949 1,796 725 136 7 –

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,627 – 20 – – – 3 17 900 1,670 1,306 585 132 13 1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,339 – 3 – – – – 3 234 821 796 372 108 5 –

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,182 – 1 – – – – 1 55 364 433 260 64 4 1

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 – – – – – – – 13 113 208 140 42 3 –

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 – – – – – – – 3 72 177 171 77 7 1

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 – 25 1 1 5 4 14 89 71 44 29 6 3 –

Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . 272,802 62 5,529 161 444 803 1,480 2,641 28,527 74,211 97,949 53,397 12,195 849 83

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,769 61 4,587 156 417 724 1,219 2,071 17,227 41,136 40,799 15,378 3,289 269 23

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,639 1 817 4 25 73 218 497 7,874 22,063 39,320 22,761 4,519 260 24

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,575 – 100 1 2 4 36 57 2,448 7,049 11,593 9,802 2,434 138 11

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,969 – 11 – – 1 1 9 651 2,356 3,651 3,143 1,057 87 13

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,827 – – – – – – – 178 827 1,268 1,124 398 26 6

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,592 – – – – – – – 39 300 582 457 186 24 4

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 – – – – – – – 8 114 219 237 97 17 2

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 – – – – – – – 3 47 195 306 168 25 –

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993 – 14 – – 1 6 7 99 319 322 189 47 3 –

– Quantity zero.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. In this table, all women, including Hispanic women, 

are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes.
18 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 3. Birth rates, by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mother: United States, 2012

[Rates are births per 1,000 women in specified age and racial group. Fertility rate computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 15–44. 

Populations estimated as of July 1. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Missing values for live-birth order not stated have been distributed]

Live-birth order and 

race of mother 15–44

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–491 Total 15–17 18–19

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 0.4 29.4 14.1 51.4 83.1 106.5 97.3 48.3 10.4 0.7

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 0.4 24.3 13.0 40.5 42.1 40.2 28.9 11.0 2.3 0.2

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 0.0 4.4 1.0 9.3 27.2 35.2 33.4 15.6 2.9 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 * 0.6 0.1 1.4 10.1 19.2 19.5 10.8 2.1 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 * 0.1 0.0 0.2 2.9 7.8 9.0 5.6 1.3 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 * 0.0 * 0.0 0.7 2.7 3.6 2.6 0.7 0.0

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 * 0.0 * 0.0 0.2 1.2 2.3 1.9 0.6 0.0

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 0.3 27.4 13.0 48.3 80.8 109.2 100.2 48.5 10.0 0.7

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 0.3 22.8 12.0 38.6 41.6 41.7 29.5 10.9 2.2 0.2

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 0.0 4.0 0.9 8.4 26.7 36.8 34.6 15.4 2.8 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 * 0.5 0.1 1.2 9.4 19.7 20.6 11.1 2.1 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 * 0.1 0.0 0.1 2.4 7.5 9.3 5.8 1.3 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 * 0.0 * 0.0 0.5 2.4 3.6 2.6 0.7 0.0

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 * * * * 0.1 1.0 2.1 1.8 0.6 0.0

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.0

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 0.8 44.0 22.0 74.4 108.7 101.7 75.1 39.2 9.7 0.7

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 0.8 35.5 20.1 56.9 51.0 28.7 16.7 7.3 1.8 0.2

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 0.0 7.1 1.8 14.5 34.9 32.0 21.9 10.5 2.4 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 * 1.2 0.1 2.6 15.4 22.0 17.1 9.2 2.1 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 * 0.2 * 0.4 5.4 11.1 9.5 5.7 1.4 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 * 0.0 * 0.0 1.5 4.8 4.8 2.9 0.8 0.1

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 * * * * 0.4 2.8 3.7 2.5 0.7 0.0

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 * * * * 0.1 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.0

American Indian or Alaska Native . . . . . . . . 47.0 0.5 34.9 17.0 60.5 81.7 73.9 49.7 23.3 5.5 0.5

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.4 0.5 28.2 15.6 46.2 33.7 16.3 7.8 3.0 0.6 *

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 * 5.7 1.3 12.0 27.9 21.4 11.9 4.5 0.9 *

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 * 0.9 * 2.0 13.5 17.8 11.4 5.1 1.0 *

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 * 0.1 * 0.3 4.9 10.1 8.3 4.1 0.9 *

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 * * * * 1.3 5.0 5.0 2.6 0.8 *

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 * * * * 0.4 2.9 4.1 2.8 0.8 *

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 * * * * * 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.5 *

Asian or Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 0.1 9.7 4.1 17.7 41.4 95.8 121.3 68.1 16.1 1.4

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 0.1 8.0 3.8 14.2 25.1 53.3 50.7 19.7 4.3 0.4

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 * 1.4 0.3 3.1 11.5 28.6 48.9 29.1 6.0 0.4

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 * 0.2 * 0.4 3.6 9.1 14.4 12.6 3.2 0.2

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 * * * * 0.9 3.1 4.5 4.0 1.4 0.2

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 * * * * 0.3 1.1 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.0

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 * * * * 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.1

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 * * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.0

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; based on fewer than 20 births in numerator.

1

Birth rates computed by relating births to women aged 45 and over to women aged 45–49; see Technical Notes.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. In this table, all women, including Hispanic women, 

are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 19

Table 4. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, 1970–2012, and by age and race of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations based on counts 

enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and race

Total fertility 

rate

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–491 Total 15–17 18–19

All races2

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880.5 0.4 29.4 14.1 51.4 83.1 106.5 97.3 48.3 10.4 0.7

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,894.5 0.4 31.3 15.4 54.1 85.3 107.2 96.5 47.2 10.3 0.7

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931.0 0.4 34.2 17.3 58.2 90.0 108.3 96.5 45.9 10.2 0.7

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,002.0 0.5 37.9 19.6 64.0 96.2 111.5 97.5 46.1 10.0 0.7

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,072.0 0.6 40.2 21.1 68.2 101.8 115.0 99.4 46.8 9.9 0.7

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120.0 0.6 41.5 21.7 71.7 105.4 118.1 100.6 47.6 9.6 0.6

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,108.0 0.6 41.1 21.6 71.2 105.5 118.0 98.9 47.5 9.4 0.6

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,057.0 0.6 39.7 21.1 68.4 101.8 116.5 96.7 46.4 9.1 0.6

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,051.5 0.6 40.5 21.8 68.7 101.5 116.5 96.2 45.5 9.0 0.5

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,047.5 0.6 41.1 22.2 69.6 102.3 116.7 95.7 43.9 8.7 0.5

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,020.5 0.7 42.6 23.1 72.2 103.1 114.7 92.6 41.6 8.3 0.5

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,030.5 0.8 45.0 24.5 75.5 105.6 113.8 91.8 40.5 8.1 0.5

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056.0 0.9 47.7 26.9 78.1 109.7 113.5 91.2 39.7 8.0 0.5

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,007.5 0.9 48.8 28.2 79.1 107.9 111.2 87.1 37.8 7.4 0.4

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,999.0 1.0 50.3 29.9 80.9 108.4 110.2 85.2 36.9 7.4 0.4

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971.0 1.1 51.3 31.4 82.1 107.3 108.3 83.0 35.7 7.1 0.4

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,976.0 1.2 53.5 33.3 84.7 107.8 108.6 82.1 34.9 6.8 0.3

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,978.0 1.3 56.0 35.5 87.7 107.5 108.8 81.1 34.0 6.6 0.3

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,001.5 1.4 58.2 37.2 90.2 109.2 111.0 80.4 33.4 6.4 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019.5 1.4 59.0 37.5 91.1 111.3 113.2 79.9 32.7 6.1 0.3

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046.0 1.4 60.3 37.6 93.6 113.7 115.7 79.6 32.3 5.9 0.3

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,062.5 1.4 61.8 38.6 94.0 115.3 117.2 79.2 31.9 5.5 0.2

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,081.0 1.4 59.9 37.5 88.6 116.5 120.2 80.8 31.7 5.5 0.2

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,014.0 1.4 57.3 36.4 84.2 113.8 117.6 77.4 29.9 5.2 0.2

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,934.0 1.3 53.0 33.6 79.9 110.2 114.4 74.8 28.1 4.8 0.2

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872.0 1.3 50.6 31.7 78.5 107.9 111.6 72.1 26.3 4.4 0.2

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,837.5 1.3 50.2 30.5 79.6 107.4 109.8 70.1 24.4 4.1 0.2

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,844.0 1.2 51.0 31.0 79.6 108.3 111.0 69.1 24.0 4.0 0.2

19843

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,806.5 1.2 50.6 31.0 77.4 106.8 108.7 67.0 22.9 3.9 0.2

19833

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,799.0 1.1 51.4 31.8 77.4 107.8 108.5 64.9 22.0 3.9 0.2

19823

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,827.5 1.1 52.4 32.3 79.4 111.6 111.0 64.1 21.2 3.9 0.2

19813

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,812.0 1.1 52.2 32.0 80.0 112.2 111.5 61.4 20.0 3.8 0.2

19803

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839.5 1.1 53.0 32.5 82.1 115.1 112.9 61.9 19.8 3.9 0.2

19793

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,808.0 1.2 52.3 32.3 81.3 112.8 111.4 60.3 19.5 3.9 0.2

19783

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,760.0 1.2 51.5 32.2 79.8 109.9 108.5 57.8 19.0 3.9 0.2

19773

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,789.5 1.2 52.8 33.9 80.9 112.9 111.0 56.4 19.2 4.2 0.2

19763

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,738.0 1.2 52.8 34.1 80.5 110.3 106.2 53.6 19.0 4.3 0.2

19753

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,774.0 1.3 55.6 36.1 85.0 113.0 108.2 52.3 19.5 4.6 0.3

19743

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,835.0 1.2 57.5 37.3 88.7 117.7 111.5 53.8 20.2 4.8 0.3

19733

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,879.0 1.2 59.3 38.5 91.2 119.7 112.2 55.6 22.1 5.4 0.3

19723

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,010.0 1.2 61.7 39.0 96.9 130.2 117.7 59.8 24.8 6.2 0.4

19714

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,266.5 1.1 64.5 38.2 105.3 150.1 134.1 67.3 28.7 7.1 0.4

19704

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,480.0 1.2 68.3 38.8 114.7 167.8 145.1 73.3 31.7 8.1 0.5

White

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,885.5 0.3 27.4 13.0 48.3 80.8 109.2 100.2 48.5 10.0 0.7

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,905.0 0.3 29.1 14.1 50.8 83.0 110.2 100.1 47.6 10.1 0.6

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,947.5 0.3 31.9 15.8 54.8 87.9 111.9 100.5 46.4 10.0 0.6

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,016.5 0.4 35.3 17.8 60.2 94.1 114.9 101.3 46.7 9.9 0.7

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,087.0 0.4 37.3 19.1 64.0 99.8 118.8 103.3 47.5 9.7 0.6

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,137.0 0.5 38.4 19.5 67.2 103.5 122.0 104.4 48.5 9.5 0.6

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,125.0 0.5 37.9 19.2 66.7 103.4 122.0 102.7 48.6 9.3 0.6

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,078.5 0.5 36.7 18.8 64.0 99.9 120.7 100.7 47.6 9.0 0.6

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,074.5 0.5 37.4 19.4 64.4 99.8 120.8 100.3 46.7 8.9 0.5

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,075.0 0.5 38.0 19.6 65.6 100.9 121.3 100.1 45.0 8.7 0.5

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,041.5 0.5 39.2 20.4 67.7 101.6 119.0 96.7 42.6 8.2 0.5

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,042.5 0.5 41.0 21.4 70.4 103.4 117.8 95.9 41.4 8.0 0.5

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,051.0 0.6 43.2 23.3 72.3 106.6 116.7 94.6 40.2 7.9 0.4

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,007.5 0.6 44.0 24.4 73.0 105.0 114.9 90.7 38.5 7.4 0.4

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,991.0 0.6 44.9 25.6 74.1 105.4 113.6 88.5 37.5 7.3 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
20 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 4. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, 1970–2012, and by age and race of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations based on counts 

enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and race

Total fertility 

rate

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–491 Total 15–17 18–19

White—Con.

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955.0 0.7 45.5 26.6 75.0 104.5 111.3 85.7 36.1 6.9 0.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,960.5 0.7 47.5 28.0 77.6 105.3 111.7 84.6 35.3 6.7 0.3

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,954.5 0.8 49.5 29.6 80.2 104.7 111.7 83.3 34.2 6.4 0.3

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957.5 0.8 50.5 30.4 81.2 105.0 113.0 82.2 33.5 6.2 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,961.5 0.8 50.6 30.0 81.5 106.1 114.7 81.3 32.6 5.9 0.3

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,978.0 0.8 51.4 29.9 83.2 107.7 116.9 80.8 32.1 5.7 0.2

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,988.0 0.8 52.6 30.5 83.3 108.8 118.0 80.2 31.8 5.2 0.2

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,003.0 0.7 50.8 29.5 78.0 109.8 120.7 81.7 31.5 5.2 0.2

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931.0 0.7 47.9 28.1 72.9 106.9 117.8 78.1 29.7 4.9 0.2

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,856.5 0.6 44.4 26.0 69.6 103.7 114.8 75.4 27.7 4.5 0.2

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,804.5 0.6 42.5 24.6 68.9 102.3 112.3 73.0 25.9 4.1 0.2

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,776.0 0.6 42.3 23.8 70.1 102.7 110.8 70.9 23.9 3.8 0.2

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,787.0 0.6 43.3 24.4 70.4 104.1 112.3 69.9 23.3 3.7 0.2

19843

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748.5 0.6 42.9 24.3 68.4 102.7 109.8 67.7 22.2 3.6 0.2

19833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,740.5 0.6 43.9 25.0 68.8 103.8 109.4 65.3 21.3 3.6 0.2

19823

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,767.0 0.6 45.0 25.5 70.8 107.7 111.9 64.0 20.4 3.6 0.2

19813

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748.0 0.5 44.9 25.4 71.5 108.3 112.3 61.0 19.0 3.4 0.2

19803

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,773.0 0.6 45.4 25.5 73.2 111.1 113.8 61.2 18.8 3.5 0.2

Black

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899.5 0.8 44.0 22.0 74.4 108.7 101.7 75.1 39.2 9.7 0.7

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,920.0 0.9 47.3 24.7 78.8 111.9 101.7 74.1 38.0 9.4 0.7

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957.0 1.0 51.1 27.3 84.8 118.1 101.8 73.0 36.4 9.3 0.7

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,036.0 1.1 56.5 30.9 92.9 125.1 105.3 73.5 36.2 8.9 0.6

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102.5 1.3 60.1 33.5 99.5 130.6 107.9 74.8 36.4 8.8 0.6

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,145.5 1.4 62.1 34.7 105.2 134.6 110.4 74.9 36.4 8.7 0.6

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,143.0 1.5 62.2 35.3 105.6 135.2 110.6 73.8 36.3 8.5 0.5

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,062.0 1.6 60.1 34.5 101.2 129.5 107.0 70.2 35.1 8.4 0.5

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,026.0 1.6 61.7 36.3 101.3 127.5 104.4 67.8 33.8 7.9 0.5

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,994.5 1.5 62.5 37.5 101.3 125.9 101.4 66.4 33.1 7.6 0.5

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,990.0 1.8 65.8 39.5 106.3 126.9 99.4 64.7 31.6 7.4 0.4

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,049.5 2.0 71.3 43.7 112.9 132.9 99.6 64.9 31.6 7.2 0.4

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,129.0 2.3 77.4 49.0 118.8 141.3 100.3 65.4 31.5 7.2 0.4

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,082.5 2.5 79.1 50.5 120.6 137.9 97.3 62.7 30.2 6.5 0.3

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111.5 2.8 83.5 55.4 124.8 138.4 97.5 63.2 30.0 6.6 0.3

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,091.5 3.1 86.3 59.3 127.7 135.2 95.0 62.6 29.3 6.5 0.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088.5 3.5 89.6 63.3 130.5 133.2 94.3 62.0 28.7 6.1 0.3

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,127.5 4.1 94.4 68.5 135.0 133.7 95.6 63.0 28.4 6.0 0.3

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,258.5 4.5 102.9 75.1 146.2 142.9 101.5 65.0 28.7 5.9 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,351.0 4.5 107.3 78.9 150.2 150.2 106.4 66.6 29.0 5.9 0.3

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,416.0 4.6 111.3 80.5 156.3 156.2 109.7 67.0 28.6 5.6 0.2

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,462.0 4.7 114.8 83.5 157.6 159.7 112.0 67.3 28.2 5.5 0.2

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,480.0 4.9 112.8 82.3 152.9 160.2 115.5 68.7 28.1 5.5 0.3

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,432.5 5.1 111.5 81.9 151.9 156.8 114.4 66.3 26.7 5.4 0.3

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,298.0 4.9 102.7 75.7 142.7 149.7 108.2 63.1 25.6 5.1 0.3

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,198.0 4.8 97.6 72.1 135.8 142.7 104.3 60.6 24.6 4.8 0.2

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,135.5 4.7 95.8 69.3 135.1 137.3 101.1 59.3 23.8 4.8 0.3

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109.0 4.5 95.4 69.3 132.4 135.0 100.2 57.9 23.9 4.6 0.3

19843

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,070.5 4.4 94.1 69.2 128.1 132.2 98.4 56.7 23.3 4.8 0.2

19833

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,066.0 4.1 93.9 69.6 127.1 131.9 98.4 56.2 23.3 5.1 0.3

19823

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,106.5 4.0 94.3 69.7 128.9 135.4 101.3 57.5 23.3 5.1 0.4

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,117.5 4.0 94.5 69.3 131.0 136.5 102.3 57.4 23.1 5.4 0.3

19803

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176.5 4.3 97.8 72.5 135.1 140.0 103.9 59.9 23.5 5.6 0.3

American Indian or Alaska Native

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,350.0 0.5 34.9 17.0 60.5 81.7 73.9 49.7 23.3 5.5 0.5

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,373.5 0.5 36.1 18.2 61.6 86.6 75.4 47.3 23.1 5.5 0.2

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,404.0 0.5 38.7 20.1 66.1 91.0 74.4 48.4 22.3 5.2 0.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,494.0 0.6 43.7 23.6 73.5 96.3 79.3 50.7 22.6 5.3 0.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,569.0 0.7 47.3 25.8 80.2 102.7 83.2 51.2 23.1 5.3 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 21

Table 4. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, 1970–2012, and by age and race of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations based on counts 

enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and race

Total fertility 

rate

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–491 Total 15–17 18–19

American Indian or Alaska Native—Con.

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,621.5 0.7 49.3 26.1 86.3 105.8 86.2 52.5 24.3 5.2 0.3

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,625.0 0.7 46.9 25.9 80.8 106.8 89.0 52.0 23.9 5.4 0.3

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,584.0 0.8 46.0 26.3 78.0 102.9 86.3 51.8 23.3 5.4 0.3

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,610.5 0.8 47.2 26.7 79.9 105.4 87.1 51.9 23.9 5.6 0.2

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639.5 0.9 49.0 27.9 82.1 107.0 89.3 52.8 23.3 5.2 0.4

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,675.5 0.8 50.9 28.8 85.3 110.7 88.9 53.7 24.1 5.7 0.3

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,712.5 0.9 54.5 30.2 92.7 113.8 89.2 54.2 24.0 5.6 0.3

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,772.5 1.1 58.3 34.1 97.1 117.2 91.8 55.5 24.6 5.7 0.3

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,783.5 1.4 59.9 36.5 98.0 120.7 90.6 53.8 24.3 5.7 0.3

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,851.0 1.5 64.7 39.7 106.9 125.1 92.0 56.8 24.6 5.3 *

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,834.5 1.5 65.2 41.0 107.1 122.5 91.6 56.0 24.4 5.4 0.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,855.0 1.6 68.2 42.7 113.3 123.5 91.1 56.5 24.4 5.5 *

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,878.5 1.6 72.9 44.6 122.2 123.1 91.6 56.5 24.3 5.5 *

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,950.0 1.8 76.4 48.4 123.7 126.5 98.2 56.6 24.8 5.4 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,048.5 1.4 79.8 51.5 126.3 134.2 103.5 59.5 25.5 5.6 *

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,135.5 1.6 82.4 52.3 130.5 142.3 107.0 61.0 26.7 5.9 *

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142.5 1.6 84.1 51.9 134.2 143.8 105.6 60.8 26.4 5.8 0.4

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,184.5 1.6 81.1 48.5 129.3 148.7 110.3 61.5 27.5 5.9 *

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,248.5 1.5 82.7 51.6 128.9 152.4 114.2 64.8 27.4 6.4 *

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,155.0 1.7 77.5 49.7 121.1 145.2 110.9 64.5 25.6 5.3 *

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,100.5 1.7 77.2 48.8 122.2 140.0 107.9 63.0 24.4 5.6 *

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,083.0 1.8 78.1 48.7 125.3 138.8 107.9 60.7 23.8 5.3 *

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,129.5 1.7 79.2 47.7 124.1 139.1 109.6 62.6 27.4 6.0 *

19843

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,137.5 1.7 81.5 50.7 124.7 142.4 109.2 60.5 26.3 5.6 *

19833

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,182.0 1.9 84.2 55.2 121.4 145.5 113.7 58.9 25.5 6.4 *

19823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,215.0 1.4 83.5 52.6 127.6 148.1 115.8 60.9 26.9 6.0 *

19813

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092.5 2.1 78.4 49.7 121.5 141.2 105.6 58.9 25.2 6.6 *

19803

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,165.0 1.9 82.2 51.5 129.5 143.7 106.6 61.8 28.1 8.2 *

Asian or Pacific Islander

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,769.5 0.1 9.7 4.1 17.7 41.4 95.8 121.3 68.1 16.1 1.4

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,706.5 0.1 10.2 4.6 18.1 41.9 93.7 114.9 64.1 15.2 1.2

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,689.0 0.1 10.9 5.1 18.7 42.6 91.5 113.6 62.8 15.1 1.2

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,743.0 0.1 12.6 6.3 20.9 46.4 94.6 115.1 63.8 14.9 1.1

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,797.5 0.2 13.8 7.0 23.0 50.4 96.6 117.7 64.9 14.7 1.2

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,850.5 0.2 14.8 7.4 24.9 53.2 99.2 121.6 65.8 14.2 1.1

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,803.0 0.1 15.3 8.2 25.4 53.8 95.7 117.3 63.4 14.0 1.0

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,784.5 0.2 15.4 7.7 26.4 52.9 96.6 115.3 61.8 13.7 1.0

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825.0 0.2 16.0 8.4 26.6 53.3 100.4 118.3 62.2 13.6 1.0

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,819.0 0.2 16.4 8.5 27.3 54.3 102.7 115.9 60.0 13.4 0.9

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,798.5 0.3 17.7 8.8 29.9 55.5 102.4 112.5 57.8 12.6 0.9

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785.0 0.2 19.3 10.1 32.0 56.0 102.3 109.9 56.2 12.2 0.9

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892.0 0.3 20.5 11.6 32.6 60.3 108.4 116.5 59.0 12.6 0.8

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,754.5 0.4 21.4 12.4 33.9 58.9 100.8 104.3 52.9 11.3 0.9

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731.5 0.5 22.2 13.8 34.5 59.2 98.7 101.6 51.4 11.8 0.9

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,757.5 0.5 22.3 14.0 34.9 61.2 101.6 102.5 51.0 11.5 0.9

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,787.0 0.6 23.5 14.7 36.8 63.5 102.8 104.1 50.2 11.9 0.8

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,795.5 0.7 25.5 15.6 40.1 64.2 103.7 102.3 50.1 11.8 0.8

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,834.0 0.7 26.6 16.3 41.3 66.4 108.0 102.2 50.4 11.5 1.0

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,841.5 0.7 26.5 16.1 41.2 68.1 110.3 101.2 49.4 11.2 0.9

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,894.5 0.7 26.5 15.4 41.9 71.7 114.6 102.7 50.7 11.1 0.9

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928.0 0.8 27.3 16.3 42.2 73.8 118.9 103.3 49.2 11.2 1.1

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,002.5 0.7 26.4 16.0 40.2 79.2 126.3 106.5 49.6 10.7 1.1

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,947.5 0.6 25.6 15.0 40.4 78.8 124.0 102.3 47.0 10.2 1.0

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,983.5 0.6 24.2 13.6 39.6 80.7 128.0 104.4 47.5 10.3 1.0

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,886.0 0.6 22.4 12.6 37.0 79.7 122.7 97.0 44.2 9.5 1.1

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836.0 0.5 22.8 12.1 38.8 79.2 119.9 92.6 41.9 9.3 1.0

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,885.0 0.4 23.8 12.5 40.8 83.6 123.0 93.6 42.7 8.7 1.2

19843

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892.0 0.5 24.2 12.6 40.7 86.7 124.3 92.4 40.6 8.7 1.0

19833

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,943.5 0.5 26.1 12.9 44.5 94.0 126.2 93.3 39.4 8.2 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

—Con.
22 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 4. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, 1970–2012, and by age and race of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations based on counts 

enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and race

Total fertility 

rate

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–491 Total 15–17 18–19

Asian or Pacific Islander—Con.

19823

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,015.5 0.4 29.4 14.0 50.8 98.9 130.9 94.4 39.2 8.8 1.1

19813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,976.0 0.3 28.5 13.4 49.5 96.4 129.1 93.4 38.0 8.6 0.9

19803

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,953.5 0.3 26.2 12.0 46.2 93.3 127.4 96.0 38.3 8.5 0.7

*Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; based on fewer than 20 births in numerator.

1

Beginning in 1997, birth rates are computed by relating births to women aged 45 and over to women aged 45–49; see Technical Notes.

2

For 1970–1991, includes births to races not shown separately. For 1992 and later years, unknown race of mother is imputed; see Technical Notes.

3

Based on 100% of births in selected states and on a 50% sample of births in all other states; see reference 13.

4

Based on a 50% sample of births.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiple-race reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; 

see Technical Notes. In this table, all women, including Hispanic women, are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 23

Table 5. Births and birth rates, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 

1989–2012

[Birth rates are births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified group. Populations estimated as of April 1 for 

census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Populations for specified Hispanic groups based on American Community Survey estimates as of July 1 for 2010–

2012; prior to 2010, populations for specified Hispanic groups based on Current Population Survey estimates as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other 

years]

Hispanic Non-Hispanic 

Measure and year All origins1 Total Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban

Central 

and South 

American

Other and 

unknown 

Hispanic Total2 White Black

Number

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 907,677 555,823 67,182 17,396 131,794 135,482 3,014,314 2,134,044 583,489

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,953,590 918,129 566,699 67,018 17,131 136,221 131,060 3,008,200 2,146,566 582,345

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,999,386 945,180 598,317 66,368 16,882 142,692 120,921 3,026,614 2,162,406 589,808

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,130,665 999,548 645,297 68,486 16,641 148,647 120,477 3,101,330 2,212,552 609,584

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,247,694 1,041,239 684,883 69,015 16,718 155,578 115,045 3,173,629 2,267,817 623,029

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,316,233 1,062,779 722,055 68,488 16,981 169,851 85,404 3,222,460 2,310,333 627,191

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,265,555 1,039,077 718,146 66,932 16,936 165,321 71,742 3,196,082 2,308,640 617,247

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,138,349 985,505 693,197 63,340 16,064 151,201 61,703 3,123,005 2,279,768 583,759

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,112,052 946,349 677,621 61,221 14,943 143,520 49,044 3,133,125 2,296,683 578,772

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,089,950 912,329 654,504 58,400 14,867 135,586 48,972 3,149,034 2,321,904 576,033

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,021,726 876,642 627,505 57,465 14,232 125,981 51,459 3,119,944 2,298,156 578,335

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,025,933 851,851 611,000 57,568 14,017 121,365 47,901 3,149,572 2,326,578 589,917

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,058,814 815,868 581,915 58,124 13,429 113,344 49,056 3,199,994 2,362,968 604,346

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,959,417 764,339 540,674 57,138 13,088 103,307 50,132 3,147,580 2,346,450 588,981

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,941,553 734,661 516,011 57,349 13,226 98,226 49,849 3,158,975 2,361,462 593,127

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,880,894 709,767 499,024 55,450 12,887 97,405 45,001 3,115,174 2,333,363 581,431

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,891,494 701,339 489,666 54,863 12,613 97,888 46,309 3,133,484 2,358,989 578,099

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,899,589 679,768 469,615 54,824 12,473 94,996 47,860 3,160,495 2,382,638 587,781

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,767 665,026 454,536 57,240 11,889 93,485 47,876 3,245,115 2,438,855 619,198

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000,240 654,418 443,733 58,102 11,916 92,371 48,296 3,295,345 2,472,031 641,273

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,049,024 643,271 432,047 59,569 11,472 89,031 51,152 3,365,862 2,527,207 657,450

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,094,566 623,085 411,233 59,833 11,058 86,908 54,053 3,434,464 2,589,878 666,758

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,092,994 595,073 385,640 58,807 11,311 83,008 56,307 3,457,417 2,626,500 661,701

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,903,012 532,249 327,233 56,229 10,842 72,443 65,502 3,297,493 2,526,367 611,269

Birth rate

20126

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 17.1 16.3 13.5 8.9 22.3 (

6

) 11.7 10.7 14.6

20116

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 17.6 16.9 13.7 9.1 23.0 (

6

) 11.7 10.8 14.7

20106

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 18.7 18.2 14.1 9.0 23.4 (

6

) 11.8 10.9 15.1

20096

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 20.3 19.8 15.5 9.5 25.5 (

6

) 12.2 11.2 15.7

20086

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 21.8 21.7 16.4 10.1 26.1 (

6

) 12.5 11.5 16.3

20076

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 23.0 23.9 17.1 10.2 24.6 (

6

) 12.8 11.7 16.6

20066

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 23.3 24.6 17.5 10.4 23.8 (

6

) 12.7 11.7 16.5

20056

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 22.9 24.5 17.0 10.2 22.7 (

6

) 12.5 11.6 15.8

20046

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 22.8 24.8 16.0 9.3 22.1 (

6

) 12.6 11.7 15.8

20036

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 22.8 24.6 15.0 10.0 23.0 (

6

) 12.7 11.8 15.9

20026

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 22.7 24.3 16.5 10.1 22.5 (

6

) 12.6 11.7 16.1

20016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 22.9 24.7 17.7 10.3 21.7 (

6

) 12.8 11.9 16.6

20006

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 23.1 25.0 18.1 9.7 21.8 (

6

) 13.2 12.2 17.3

19996

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 22.5 24.2 18.0 9.4 21.7 (

6

) 13.0 12.1 17.1

19986

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 22.7 24.6 17.9 9.7 21.7 (

6

) 13.2 12.2 17.5

19976

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 23.0 25.3 17.2 10.0 21.3 (

6

) 13.1 12.2 17.4

19966

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 23.8 26.2 17.2 10.6 22.5 (

6

) 13.3 12.3 17.6

19956

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 24.1 25.8 19.0 10.8 24.2 (

6

) 13.5 12.5 18.2

19946

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 24.7 26.1 20.8 10.7 24.9 (

6

) 13.9 12.8 19.5

19936

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 25.4 26.8 21.5 10.5 26.3 (

6

) 14.3 13.1 20.7

19923,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 26.1 27.4 22.9 10.1 27.5 (

6

) 14.8 13.4 21.6

19913,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 26.5 27.6 23.3 9.8 28.3 (

6

) 15.2 13.9 22.4

19904,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 26.7 28.7 21.6 10.9 27.5 (

6

) 15.7 14.4 23.0

19895,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 26.2 25.7 23.7 10.0 28.3 (

6

) 15.4 14.2 22.8

See footnotes at end of table.
24 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 5. Births and birth rates, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 

1989–2012

[Birth rates are births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified group. Populations estimated as of April 1 for 

census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Populations for specified Hispanic groups based on American Community Survey estimates as of July 1 for 2010–

2012; prior to 2010, populations for specified Hispanic groups based on Current Population Survey estimates as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other 

years]

Hispanic Non-Hispanic 

Measure and year All origins1 Total Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban

Central 

and South 

American

Other and 

unknown 

Hispanic Total2 White Black

Fertility rate

20126

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 74.4 70.7 58.2 45.4 94.9 (

6

) 60.3 58.6 65.0

20116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 76.2 73.0 59.6 46.1 96.3 (

6

) 60.1 58.7 65.4

20106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 80.2 78.2 59.7 46.4 97.1 (

6

) 60.4 58.7 66.6

20096

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 86.5 84.8 63.7 46.0 107.5 (

6

) 61.6 59.6 68.9

20086

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 92.7 92.6 67.0 50.1 109.1 (

6

) 62.7 60.5 70.8

20076

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 97.4 102.8 70.3 47.6 100.1 (

6

) 63.3 61.0 71.4

20066

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 98.3 105.6 71.6 47.9 95.6 (

6

) 62.5 60.3 70.7

20056

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 96.4 104.5 69.8 49.1 90.5 (

6

) 60.8 59.0 67.2

20046 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 95.7 104.5 66.8 52.2 87.4 (

6

) 60.8 58.9 67.1

20036

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 95.2 103.7 60.6 60.8 89.7 (

6

) 60.7 58.9 67.1

20026

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 94.7 103.0 65.6 59.3 86.5 (

6

) 59.8 57.6 67.5

20016

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 95.4 105.0 71.7 56.4 82.2 (

6

) 60.0 57.7 69.1

20006

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 95.9 105.1 73.5 49.3 85.1 (

6

) 61.1 58.5 71.4

19996

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 93.0 101.5 71.1 47.0 84.8 (

6

) 60.0 57.7 69.9

19986

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 93.2 103.2 69.7 46.5 83.5 (

6

) 60.0 57.6 70.9

19976

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 94.2 106.6 65.8 53.1 80.6 (

6

) 59.3 56.8 70.3

19966

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 97.5 110.7 66.5 55.1 84.2 (

6

) 59.6 57.1 70.7

19956

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 98.8 109.9 71.3 52.2 89.1 (

6

) 60.2 57.5 72.8

19946

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 100.7 109.9 78.2 53.6 93.2 (

6

) 61.6 58.2 77.5

19936

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 103.3 110.9 79.8 53.9 101.5 (

6

) 62.7 58.9 81.5

19923,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 106.1 113.3 87.9 49.4 104.7 (

6

) 64.2 60.0 84.5

19913,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 106.9 114.9 87.9 47.6 105.5 (

6

) 65.2 60.9 87.0

19904,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 107.7 118.9 82.9 52.6 102.7 (

6

) 67.1 62.8 89.0

19895,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 104.9 106.6 86.6 49.8 95.8 (

6

) 65.7 60.5 84.8

1

Includes origin not stated.

2

Includes races other than white and black.

3

Excludes data for New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin.

4

Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

5

Excludes data for Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

6

Rates for the Central and South American population include other and unknown Hispanic.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiple-race reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; 

see Technical Notes. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. In this table, Hispanic women are classified only by place of origin; non-Hispanic women are classified by race; see Technical Notes.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 25

Table 6. Births, by age of mother, live-birth order, and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 

United States, 2012

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Includes births with stated origin of mother only]

Live-birth order and

origin of mother All ages

Age of mother (years)

Under 

15

15–19

Total 15 16 17 18 19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54

Hispanic

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,677 1,396 102,722 4,475 10,799 18,486 28,522 40,440 241,138 244,474 193,142 99,859 23,671 1,207 68

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310,326 1,367 82,150 4,323 10,028 16,103 22,622 29,074 108,534 63,708 36,581 14,581 3,154 230 21

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,687 17 17,354 133 696 2,116 5,087 9,322 84,985 83,141 55,424 24,534 4,982 231 19

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,552 3 2,536 5 33 189 660 1,649 34,167 59,376 52,328 26,408 5,528 193 13

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,551 4 308 2 2 13 63 228 9,681 24,944 28,824 18,166 4,406 212 6

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,850 1 32 1 – 1 8 22 2,220 8,315 11,663 8,780 2,680 154 5

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,042 – 5 – – – 1 4 480 2,617 4,600 3,864 1,394 79 3

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 – 4 – – – 2 2 110 931 1,783 1,725 713 40 –

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,801 – 6 – – – 1 5 69 444 1,157 1,374 691 60 –

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,562 4 327 11 40 64 78 134 892 998 782 427 123 8 1

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555,823 885 66,731 2,955 7,179 12,252 18,484 25,861 149,401 150,159 114,523 59,472 13,966 667 19

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177,831 869 52,888 2,848 6,683 10,613 14,515 18,229 63,811 34,604 17,512 6,654 1,397 92 4

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,905 7 11,679 97 449 1,459 3,418 6,256 54,243 50,017 29,440 12,034 2,372 107 6

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,889 3 1,743 3 23 137 451 1,129 22,610 39,773 33,932 16,562 3,167 93 6

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,690 1 211 2 2 7 46 154 6,363 17,085 19,987 12,845 3,056 140 2

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,581 1 18 1 – – 5 12 1,461 5,590 8,108 6,354 1,941 107 1

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,899 – 2 – – – – 2 335 1,693 3,143 2,670 1,008 48 –

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,600 – 3 – – – 2 1 71 576 1,216 1,193 510 31 –

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,484 – 4 – – – – 4 33 280 739 926 458 44 –

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,944 4 183 4 22 36 47 74 474 541 446 234 57 5 –

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,182 114 8,806 330 848 1,514 2,469 3,645 21,201 17,245 12,515 5,796 1,421 80 4

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,600 113 7,207 327 784 1,341 2,001 2,754 9,947 4,909 2,971 1,156 279 17 1

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,464 1 1,369 3 58 157 415 736 7,193 5,824 3,953 1,722 380 21 1

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,355 – 177 – 3 11 41 122 2,861 3,757 2,876 1,337 327 18 2

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,005 – 19 – – 1 3 15 868 1,699 1,450 759 199 11 –

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,003 – 5 – – 1 1 3 209 644 666 371 105 3 –

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 – 1 – – – – 1 35 221 325 195 59 5 –

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 – – – – – – – 10 90 126 117 31 3 –

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 – – – – – – – 10 46 108 113 35 2 –

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 – 28 – 3 3 8 14 68 55 40 26 6 – –

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,396 7 907 15 71 131 261 429 3,915 5,170 4,193 2,553 604 45 2

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,041 7 787 15 64 122 227 359 2,442 2,428 1,504 699 157 16 1

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,117 – 101 – 7 9 28 57 1,103 1,861 1,708 1,113 216 15 –

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,222 – 16 – – – 5 11 285 611 655 506 142 7 –

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 – – – – – – – 62 168 216 140 50 4 –

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 – 1 – – – – 1 8 57 62 53 23 3 1

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 – – – – – – – 2 21 18 20 5 – –

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 – – – – – – – – 8 11 9 5 – –

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 – – – – – – – 2 2 11 7 4 – –

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 – 2 – – – 1 1 11 14 8 6 2 – –

Central and South American . . . . . 131,794 127 7,916 353 749 1,384 2,196 3,234 25,929 36,744 36,006 19,925 4,874 248 25

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,748 121 6,469 339 700 1,217 1,802 2,411 13,107 11,486 8,743 3,892 857 63 10

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,465 3 1,239 8 42 153 336 700 8,853 13,596 12,194 6,205 1,321 46 8

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,385 – 160 1 2 6 52 99 2,970 7,578 8,537 4,928 1,162 47 3

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,903 3 14 – – 2 3 9 712 2,778 4,001 2,664 694 35 2

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,967 – – – – – – – 121 778 1,501 1,155 384 27 1

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,583 – – – – – – – 20 225 560 565 201 11 1

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 – – – – – – – 7 78 180 232 104 6 –

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 – 1 – – – – 1 12 28 119 181 109 10 –

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 – 33 5 5 6 3 14 127 197 171 103 42 3 –

See footnotes at end of table.
26 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 6. Births, by age of mother, live-birth order, and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 

United States, 2012

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Includes births with stated origin of mother only]

Live-birth order and

origin of mother All ages

Age of mother (years)

Under 

15

15–19

Total 15 16 17 18 19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54

Other and unknown Hispanic . . . . 135,482 263 18,362 822 1,952 3,205 5,112 7,271 40,692 35,156 25,905 12,113 2,806 167 18

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,106 257 14,799 794 1,797 2,810 4,077 5,321 19,227 10,281 5,851 2,180 464 42 5

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,736 6 2,966 25 140 338 890 1,573 13,593 11,843 8,129 3,460 693 42 4

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,701 – 440 1 5 35 111 288 5,441 7,657 6,328 3,075 730 28 2

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,313 – 64 – – 3 11 50 1,676 3,214 3,170 1,758 407 22 2

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,091 – 8 – – – 2 6 421 1,246 1,326 847 227 14 2

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,653 – 2 – – – 1 1 88 457 554 414 121 15 2

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 – 1 – – – – 1 22 179 250 174 63 – –

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 – 1 – – – 1 – 12 88 180 147 85 4 –

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 – 81 2 10 19 19 31 212 191 117 58 16 – 1

Non-Hispanic

Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,014,314 2,249 200,832 6,357 15,327 30,439 56,260 92,449 670,045 871,780 811,539 367,485 84,288 5,644 452

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248,232 2,184 167,380 6,176 14,537 27,487 47,464 71,716 350,167 355,097 260,102 90,843 20,662 1,661 136

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966,046 43 27,925 130 653 2,521 7,510 17,111 211,474 284,638 288,796 126,066 25,463 1,511 130

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465,538 5 3,807 9 32 199 847 2,720 76,297 141,466 148,229 78,085 16,713 871 65

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,180 3 434 1 3 19 78 333 21,507 56,011 63,382 35,987 9,233 573 50

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,230 – 50 – – 4 6 40 5,204 19,679 25,556 15,929 4,492 299 21

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,377 – 12 – 1 3 2 6 1,085 6,967 11,644 7,967 2,525 160 17

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,353 – 7 – – 1 4 2 260 2,427 5,514 4,548 1,455 134 8

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,124 – 5 – – – – 5 233 1,370 4,575 6,235 3,293 394 19

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,234 14 1,212 41 101 205 349 516 3,818 4,125 3,741 1,825 452 41 6

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134,044 866 119,757 3,049 8,225 17,729 33,848 56,906 444,300 641,377 603,041 261,885 58,627 3,877 314

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895,171 841 102,648 2,990 7,937 16,397 29,455 45,869 242,520 271,271 195,674 66,053 14,888 1,182 94

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697,087 16 14,892 43 245 1,183 3,882 9,539 140,814 214,698 217,992 89,831 17,705 1,047 92

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328,391 2 1,623 2 13 75 356 1,177 45,602 100,758 111,907 56,363 11,500 586 50

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,564 2 148 1 2 6 23 116 10,871 36,133 45,526 25,298 6,202 349 35

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,172 – 18 – – 2 3 13 2,209 11,129 16,782 10,841 2,987 194 12

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,044 – 4 – – 2 – 2 369 3,399 7,201 5,272 1,683 107 9

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,438 – 2 – – – 2 – 88 1,051 3,254 2,970 982 87 4

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,158 – 2 – – – – 2 122 608 2,458 4,237 2,414 303 14

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,019 5 420 13 28 64 127 188 1,705 2,330 2,247 1,020 266 22 4

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,489 1,263 71,286 2,982 6,293 11,271 19,696 31,044 187,488 149,649 107,863 51,536 13,378 956 70

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,744 1,224 56,757 2,872 5,826 9,812 15,784 22,463 86,760 41,785 23,843 9,589 2,537 228 21

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,282 26 11,500 78 374 1,191 3,214 6,643 59,421 46,126 31,127 13,572 3,282 212 16

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,180 3 1,961 5 18 117 425 1,396 26,492 31,965 24,023 11,781 2,789 159 7

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,877 1 258 – 1 12 51 194 9,315 16,377 13,511 7,330 1,940 139 6

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,671 – 30 – – 2 3 25 2,637 7,109 6,970 3,781 1,055 82 7

6th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,897 – 7 – 1 1 2 3 632 2,976 3,549 2,069 629 30 5

7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,829 – 5 – – 1 2 2 153 1,173 1,880 1,235 351 30 2

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,839 – 3 – – – – 3 105 657 1,787 1,567 653 63 4

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,170 9 765 27 73 135 215 315 1,973 1,481 1,173 612 142 13 2

– Quantity zero.

1

Includes races other than white and black.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. In this 

table, Hispanic women are classified only by place of origin; non-Hispanic women are classified by race; see Technical Notes.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 27

Table 7. Birth rates, by age of mother, live-birth order, and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 

United States, 2012

[Fertility rates are computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 15–44. Birth rates are births per 1,000 women in specified age and racial group. 

Populations estimated as of July 1. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Missing values for live-birth order not stated have been distributed]

Live-birth order and

race of mother 15–441

 

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–492 Total 15–17 18–19

Hispanic

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 0.6 46.3 25.5 77.2 111.5 119.6 94.3 51.6 13.2 0.8

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 0.6 37.2 23.1 58.1 50.4 31.3 17.9 7.6 1.8 0.2

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 * 7.8 2.2 16.2 39.4 40.9 27.2 12.7 2.8 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 * 1.1 0.2 2.6 15.9 29.2 25.6 13.7 3.1 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 * 0.1 * 0.3 4.5 12.3 14.1 9.4 2.5 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 * 0.0 * 0.0 1.0 4.1 5.7 4.6 1.5 0.1

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 * * * * 0.3 1.7 3.1 2.9 1.2 0.1

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.0

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.7 0.6 44.5 24.8 74.2 106.0 115.7 88.3 48.1 12.5 0.8

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 0.5 35.3 22.4 54.9 45.4 26.8 13.5 5.4 1.3 0.1

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 * 7.8 2.2 16.2 38.6 38.7 22.8 9.8 2.1 0.1

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 * 1.2 0.2 2.7 16.1 30.8 26.3 13.5 2.8 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 * 0.1 * 0.3 4.5 13.2 15.5 10.4 2.7 0.2

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 * * * * 1.0 4.3 6.3 5.2 1.7 0.1

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 * * * * 0.3 1.8 3.4 3.1 1.4 0.1

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 0.5 40.6 22.0 64.8 96.4 91.3 66.0 34.0 8.4 0.5

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 0.5 33.3 20.1 50.6 45.4 26.1 15.7 6.8 1.7 *

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 * 6.3 1.8 12.2 32.8 30.9 20.9 10.2 2.3 0.1

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 * 0.8 * 1.7 13.0 19.9 15.2 7.9 1.9 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 * * * * 4.0 9.0 7.7 4.5 1.2 *

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 * * * * 1.0 3.4 3.5 2.2 0.6 *

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 * * * * 0.2 1.7 2.4 1.8 0.5 *

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * * 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.2 *

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 * 15.0 6.6 24.9 57.3 78.7 72.9 40.7 8.8 0.6

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 * 13.0 6.1 21.2 35.8 37.1 26.2 11.2 2.3 *

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 * 1.7 * 3.1 16.2 28.4 29.7 17.8 3.2 *

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 * * * * 4.2 9.3 11.4 8.1 2.1 *

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 * * * * 0.9 2.6 3.8 2.2 0.7 *

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 * * * * * 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 *

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * * 0.4 0.5 0.5 * *

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 * * * * * * * * * *

Other Hispanic3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.9 0.9 58.9 33.2 93.4 140.7 153.6 122.3 68.0 17.0 1.1

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 0.9 47.9 30.2 71.6 68.6 46.7 29.0 13.0 2.9 0.3

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 * 9.5 2.8 18.4 47.6 54.6 40.3 20.6 4.5 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 * 1.4 0.2 2.9 17.9 32.7 29.5 17.1 4.2 0.2

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 * 0.2 * 0.4 5.1 12.9 14.2 9.4 2.4 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 * * * * 1.2 4.3 5.6 4.3 1.4 0.1

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 * * * * 0.3 2.0 3.1 3.0 1.1 0.1

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 *

See footnotes at end of table.
28 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 7. Birth rates, by age of mother, live-birth order, and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 

United States, 2012

[Fertility rates are computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 15–44. Birth rates are births per 1,000 women in specified age and racial group. 

Populations estimated as of July 1. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Missing values for live-birth order not stated have been distributed]

Live-birth order and

race of mother 15–441

 

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–492 Total 15–17 18–19

Non-Hispanic4

Total5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 0.3 24.8 10.9 44.5 76.2 103.3 98.0 47.5 9.8 0.7

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 0.3 20.8 10.2 35.9 40.0 42.3 31.6 11.8 2.4 0.2

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 0.0 3.5 0.7 7.4 24.2 33.9 35.0 16.4 3.0 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 * 0.5 0.1 1.1 8.7 16.9 18.0 10.1 1.9 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 * 0.1 0.0 0.1 2.5 6.7 7.7 4.7 1.1 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 * 0.0 * 0.0 0.6 2.4 3.1 2.1 0.5 0.0

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 * * * * 0.2 1.1 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.0

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 0.2 20.5 8.4 37.9 70.2 104.4 100.5 46.8 9.1 0.6

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 0.2 17.6 7.9 31.5 38.5 44.3 32.8 11.9 2.3 0.2

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 * 2.6 0.4 5.6 22.3 35.0 36.4 16.1 2.8 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 * 0.3 0.0 0.6 7.2 16.5 18.7 10.1 1.8 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 * 0.0 * 0.1 1.7 5.9 7.6 4.5 1.0 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 * * * * 0.4 1.8 2.8 1.9 0.5 0.0

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 * * * * 0.1 0.7 1.8 1.5 0.4 0.0

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 * * * * 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.0

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 0.8 43.9 21.9 74.1 109.0 101.7 75.1 38.9 9.6 0.7

1st child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 0.8 35.3 20.0 56.4 51.0 28.7 16.9 7.3 1.9 0.2

2nd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.6 0.0 7.2 1.8 14.5 34.9 31.7 21.9 10.4 2.4 0.2

3rd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 * 1.2 0.2 2.7 15.6 21.9 16.9 9.0 2.0 0.1

4th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 * 0.2 * 0.4 5.5 11.2 9.5 5.6 1.4 0.1

5th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 * 0.0 * 0.0 1.5 4.9 4.9 2.9 0.8 0.1

6th and 7th child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 * * * * 0.5 2.8 3.8 2.5 0.7 0.0

8th child and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 * * * * 0.1 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.0

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; based on fewer than 20 births in the numerator. And for the Hispanic subgroups, a relative standard error for the rate of 23% or more; see 

reference 13.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1

Fertility rates computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 15–44.

2

Birth rates computed by relating births to women aged 45 and over to women aged 45–49; see Technical Notes.

3

Includes Central and South American and other and unknown Hispanic.

4

Includes origin not stated.

5

Includes races other than white and black.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. In this 

table, Hispanic women are classified only by place of origin; non-Hispanic women are classified by race; see Technical Notes.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 29

Table 8. Birth rates, by age and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 1989–2012

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified racial group. Birth rates are 

births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations estimated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Populations for specified Hispanic 

groups based on American Community Survey (ACS) estimates as of July 1 for 2010–2012; prior to 2010, populations for specified Hispanic groups based on Current Population 

Survey (CPS) estimates as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and origin and

race of mother

Total 

fertility 

rate

Fertility 

rate1

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–492 Total 15–17 18–19

All origins

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880.5 63.0 0.4 29.4 14.1 51.4 83.1 106.5 97.3 48.3 10.4 0.7

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,894.5 63.2 0.4 31.3 15.4 54.1 85.3 107.2 96.5 47.2 10.3 0.7

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931.0 64.1 0.4 34.2 17.3 58.2 90.0 108.3 96.5 45.9 10.2 0.7

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,002.0 66.2 0.5 37.9 19.6 64.0 96.2 111.5 97.5 46.1 10.0 0.7

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,072.0 68.1 0.6 40.2 21.1 68.2 101.8 115.0 99.4 46.8 9.9 0.7

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120.0 69.3 0.6 41.5 21.7 71.7 105.4 118.1 100.6 47.6 9.6 0.6

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,108.0 68.6 0.6 41.1 21.6 71.2 105.5 118.0 98.9 47.5 9.4 0.6

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,057.0 66.7 0.6 39.7 21.1 68.4 101.8 116.5 96.7 46.4 9.1 0.6

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,051.5 66.4 0.6 40.5 21.8 68.7 101.5 116.5 96.2 45.5 9.0 0.5

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,047.5 66.1 0.6 41.1 22.2 69.6 102.3 116.7 95.7 43.9 8.7 0.5

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,020.5 65.0 0.7 42.6 23.1 72.2 103.1 114.7 92.6 41.6 8.3 0.5

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,030.5 65.1 0.8 45.0 24.5 75.5 105.6 113.8 91.8 40.5 8.1 0.5

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056.0 65.9 0.9 47.7 26.9 78.1 109.7 113.5 91.2 39.7 8.0 0.5

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,007.5 64.4 0.9 48.8 28.2 79.1 107.9 111.2 87.1 37.8 7.4 0.4

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,999.0 64.3 1.0 50.3 29.9 80.9 108.4 110.2 85.2 36.9 7.4 0.4

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971.0 63.6 1.1 51.3 31.4 82.1 107.3 108.3 83.0 35.7 7.1 0.4

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,976.0 64.1 1.2 53.5 33.3 84.7 107.8 108.6 82.1 34.9 6.8 0.3

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,978.0 64.6 1.3 56.0 35.5 87.7 107.5 108.8 81.1 34.0 6.6 0.3

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,001.5 65.9 1.4 58.2 37.2 90.2 109.2 111.0 80.4 33.4 6.4 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019.5 67.0 1.4 59.0 37.5 91.1 111.3 113.2 79.9 32.7 6.1 0.3

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046.0 68.4 1.4 60.3 37.6 93.6 113.7 115.7 79.6 32.3 5.9 0.3

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,062.5 69.3 1.4 61.8 38.6 94.0 115.3 117.2 79.2 31.9 5.5 0.2

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,081.0 70.9 1.4 59.9 37.5 88.6 116.5 120.2 80.8 31.7 5.5 0.2

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,014.0 69.2 1.4 57.3 36.4 84.2 113.8 117.6 77.4 29.9 5.2 0.2

Hispanic

Total:

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189.5 74.4 0.6 46.3 25.5 77.2 111.5 119.6 94.3 51.6 13.2 0.8

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,240.0 76.2 0.7 49.6 28.0 81.5 116.0 121.3 95.2 51.3 13.1 0.8

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,350.0 80.2 0.8 55.7 32.3 90.7 126.1 125.3 96.6 51.7 13.0 0.8

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,531.5 86.5 1.0 63.6 37.3 103.3 140.1 134.3 100.8 52.5 13.2 0.8

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,706.0 92.7 1.1 70.3 42.2 114.0 154.1 142.3 105.3 54.0 13.3 0.8

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,840.0 97.4 1.2 75.3 44.4 124.7 164.6 149.5 108.5 55.0 13.1 0.8

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,856.0 98.3 1.2 77.4 45.1 128.7 166.7 149.9 107.5 54.6 13.1 0.8

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,792.0 96.4 1.3 76.5 45.8 124.4 161.1 147.0 105.6 53.3 12.8 0.8

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,759.0 95.7 1.2 78.1 47.3 124.8 159.2 144.7 103.4 52.2 12.3 0.7

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,736.0 95.2 1.3 78.4 47.6 124.8 159.1 144.0 101.5 50.1 12.1 0.7

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711.0 94.7 1.4 80.6 49.3 127.1 159.0 141.6 98.3 48.8 11.7 0.8

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,726.0 95.4 1.5 84.4 51.9 131.3 160.5 140.8 97.8 47.9 11.6 0.7

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,730.0 95.9 1.7 87.3 55.5 132.6 161.3 139.9 97.1 46.6 11.5 0.6

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,649.0 93.0 1.9 86.8 56.9 129.5 157.3 135.8 92.3 44.5 10.6 0.6

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,652.5 93.2 1.9 87.9 58.5 131.5 159.3 136.1 90.5 43.4 10.8 0.6

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,680.5 94.2 2.1 89.6 61.1 132.4 162.6 137.5 89.6 43.4 10.7 0.6

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,772.0 97.5 2.4 94.6 64.2 140.0 170.2 140.7 91.3 43.9 10.7 0.6

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798.5 98.8 2.6 99.3 68.3 145.4 171.9 140.4 90.5 43.7 10.7 0.6

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,839.0 100.7 2.6 101.3 69.9 147.5 175.7 142.4 91.1 43.4 10.7 0.6

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,894.5 103.3 2.6 101.8 68.5 151.1 180.0 146.0 93.2 44.1 10.6 0.6

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,957.5 106.1 2.5 103.3 68.9 153.9 185.2 148.8 94.8 45.3 11.0 0.6

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,963.5 106.9 2.4 104.6 69.2 155.5 184.6 150.0 95.1 44.7 10.7 0.6

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,959.5 107.7 2.4 100.3 65.9 147.7 181.0 153.0 98.3 45.3 10.9 0.7

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,903.5 104.9 2.3 100.8 --- --- 184.4 146.6 92.1 43.5 10.4 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
30 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 8. Birth rates, by age and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 

1989–2012—Con.

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified racial group. Birth rates are 

births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations estimated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Populations for specified Hispanic 

groups based on American Community Survey (ACS) estimates as of July 1 for 2010–2012; prior to 2010, populations for specified Hispanic groups based on Current Population 

Survey (CPS) estimates as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and origin and

race of mother

Total 

fertility 

rate

Fertility 

rate1

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–492 Total 15–17 18–19

Hispanic—Con.

Mexican:

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,082.5 70.7 0.6 44.5 24.8 74.2 106.0 115.7 88.3 48.1 12.5 0.8

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,143.0 73.0 0.6 47.9 27.7 77.6 111.6 118.2 89.3 47.9 12.4 0.7

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,276.5 78.2 0.8 55.3 32.6 89.9 123.3 122.9 91.5 48.1 12.7 0.7

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,442.0 84.8 1.0 62.9 37.8 100.5 135.2 129.0 96.0 50.6 13.0 0.7

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,663.5 92.6 1.1 71.4 44.4 111.7 154.3 138.4 101.9 51.4 13.4 0.8

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,944.5 102.8 1.2 81.7 49.9 130.6 176.0 150.2 110.1 55.4 13.5 0.8

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,997.0 105.6 1.3 86.6 50.7 145.4 180.3 152.3 109.0 55.5 13.6 0.8

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,954.5 104.5 1.4 87.5 52.3 144.5 173.5 152.1 107.1 55.3 13.2 0.8

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,948.5 104.5 1.4 90.3 55.6 142.5 173.4 152.5 105.5 53.5 12.4 0.7

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,903.0 103.7 1.4 88.8 54.4 140.7 172.2 151.0 104.2 49.6 12.7 0.7

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,869.0 103.0 1.5 91.4 57.0 141.0 171.2 146.8 101.1 48.5 12.5 0.8

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,905.0 105.0 1.7 93.2 58.2 142.5 173.8 146.8 102.1 50.1 12.6 0.7

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,906.5 105.1 1.9 95.4 60.6 146.7 174.9 144.7 102.3 49.2 12.2 0.7

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,823.0 101.5 2.1 94.3 60.8 145.6 170.8 141.4 97.4 47.2 10.7 0.7

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,878.0 103.2 2.1 96.4 62.9 149.2 176.5 147.4 94.9 46.9 10.8 0.6

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,957.0 106.6 2.3 103.4 71.3 151.6 180.9 150.0 95.3 47.4 11.5 0.6

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,052.0 110.7 2.6 112.2 77.7 161.6 185.3 154.7 96.5 46.4 12.0 0.7

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,033.5 109.9 2.7 115.9 79.1 170.7 190.4 146.6 93.0 45.5 11.9 0.7

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,024.0 109.9 2.7 109.2 73.6 163.3 189.1 153.6 92.5 45.3 11.7 0.7

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,041.5 110.9 2.5 103.6 68.4 156.6 187.9 159.5 97.2 45.5 11.3 0.8

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,107.0 113.3 2.4 105.1 --- --- 196.6 160.2 97.1 47.4 11.8 0.8

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,103.5 114.9 2.5 108.3 70.0 164.7 192.4 156.1 99.7 49.1 11.9 0.7

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,214.0 118.9 2.5 108.0 69.7 162.2 200.3 165.3 104.4 49.1 12.4 0.8

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,916.5 106.6 2.0 94.5 --- --- 184.3 153.7 96.1 41.0 11.1 0.6

Puerto Rican:

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,688.5 58.2 0.5 40.6 22.0 64.8 96.4 91.3 66.0 34.0 8.4 0.5

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,747.5 59.6 0.5 42.8 22.9 69.5 106.0 93.8 64.9 33.2 7.8 0.5

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,747.5 59.7 0.6 45.4 25.0 73.4 105.7 90.7 66.0 32.6 7.9 0.6

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,922.5 63.7 0.7 50.8 28.2 82.4 118.9 106.6 66.9 32.6 7.4 0.6

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,004.0 67.0 0.7 56.0 28.8 * 119.3 114.3 65.9 37.3 6.9 0.4

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,101.0 70.3 0.8 61.8 32.8 * 139.2 105.9 65.0 39.8 7.3 0.4

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088.5 71.6 1.0 64.7 35.8 * 130.7 100.7 72.3 39.2 8.5 0.6

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,065.5 69.8 0.9 59.2 35.1 * 124.1 108.8 76.6 35.3 7.8 0.4

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,005.0 66.8 0.9 59.1 37.0 * 133.9 101.5 66.0 32.4 6.7 0.5

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,805.0 60.6 1.0 57.9 34.4 * 124.5 86.3 55.4 29.2 6.3 0.4

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,937.0 65.6 1.3 59.3 38.6 * 132.2 92.1 63.6 32.0 6.4 0.5

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,144.5 71.7 1.7 80.3 * * 144.5 93.9 70.6 30.8 6.7 0.4

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,178.5 73.5 1.7 82.9 54.7 120.4 149.5 101.6 61.1 32.0 6.6 0.3

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,104.5 71.1 1.6 74.0 49.4 * 146.0 106.5 58.0 27.3 7.2 0.3

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043.5 69.7 1.8 76.2 51.7 * 146.7 88.7 61.9 25.8 7.2 0.4

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931.5 65.8 1.7 68.9 45.0 * 136.0 92.9 54.1 26.1 6.2 0.4

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,965.0 66.5 1.9 76.5 48.6 * 133.7 95.6 54.3 25.2 5.6 *

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,078.0 71.3 2.9 82.8 57.3 * 138.1 97.9 61.2 26.9 5.5 0.3

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341.5 78.2 3.1 99.6 68.8 * 169.0 103.8 59.5 27.5 5.6 0.2

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,416.0 79.8 3.1 104.9 70.1 * 184.6 102.8 54.4 26.7 6.2 *

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,568.5 87.9 3.4 106.5 --- --- 199.1 102.6 65.3 29.9 6.6 *

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,573.5 87.9 2.7 111.0 * * 193.3 108.9 68.1 23.9 6.5 *

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,301.0 82.9 2.9 101.6 71.6 141.6 150.1 109.9 62.8 26.2 6.2 0.5

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,421.0 86.6 3.8 112.7 --- --- 171.0 98.0 65.2 26.9 6.3 *

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 31

Table 8. Birth rates, by age and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 

1989–2012—Con.

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified racial group. Birth rates are 

births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations estimated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Populations for specified Hispanic 

groups based on American Community Survey (ACS) estimates as of July 1 for 2010–2012; prior to 2010, populations for specified Hispanic groups based on Current Population 

Survey (CPS) estimates as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and origin and

race of mother

Total 

fertility 

rate

Fertility 

rate1

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–492 Total 15–17 18–19

Hispanic—Con.

Cuban:

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370.5 45.4 * 15.0 6.6 24.9 57.3 78.7 72.9 40.7 8.8 0.6

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,433.5 46.1 * 15.8 6.7 29.0 54.7 86.1 78.4 42.0 9.1 0.5

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452.5 46.4 * 17.8 8.0 29.7 61.6 80.6 82.8 39.1 8.0 0.5

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352.0 46.0 * * * * * * * * * *

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,536.5 50.1 * * * * * * * * * *

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542.5 47.6 * * * * * * * * 6.4 *

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,556.5 47.9 * * * * * * * * 6.8 *

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540.5 49.1 * * * * * * * * * *

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,699.5 52.2 * * * * * * * * * *

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032.5 60.8 * * * * * * * * * *

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958.5 59.3 * * * * * * * * * *

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,786.0 56.4 * * * * * * * * * *

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528.0 49.3 * 23.5 14.2 43.4 64.2 104.0 68.1 37.3 7.9 *

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,388.5 47.0 * * * * * * * * * *

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,402.5 46.5 * * * * * * * * * *

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,619.5 53.1 * * * * * * * * * *

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617.0 55.1 * * * * * * * * * *

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,584.0 52.2 * * * * * * * * * *

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,587.0 53.6 * * * * * * * * * *

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570.0 53.9 * * * * * * * * * *

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453.5 49.4 * * --- --- * * * * * *

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352.5 47.6 * * * * * * * * * *

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459.5 52.6 * 30.3 18.2 46.1 64.6 95.4 67.6 28.2 4.9 *

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,479.0 49.8 * * --- --- * * * * * *

Other Hispanic6

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,812.5 94.9 0.9 58.9 33.2 93.4 140.7 153.6 122.3 68.0 17.0 1.1

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,847.5 96.3 1.1 62.1 35.1 99.9 142.3 150.3 127.3 68.6 16.7 1.1

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,870.0 97.1 1.0 67.4 39.6 105.2 146.6 154.2 120.5 67.0 16.2 1.1

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,248.5 107.5 1.3 78.4 44.2 131.3 181.3 169.4 133.5 68.3 16.3 1.2

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,278.0 109.1 1.4 80.5 47.9 129.3 180.5 171.1 135.9 69.1 16.0 1.1

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,995.0 100.1 1.2 68.1 38.8 113.4 154.5 173.4 124.1 60.7 15.9 1.1

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,918.0 95.6 1.1 62.5 36.3 99.7 154.3 172.7 118.0 59.3 14.7 1.0

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,737.0 90.5 1.1 58.2 35.0 90.2 148.1 152.3 115.0 57.6 14.3 0.8

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,594.0 87.4 1.1 54.6 31.1 90.2 131.1 143.5 113.5 59.2 15.0 0.8

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,690.0 89.7 1.0 57.5 34.9 88.0 138.4 152.3 111.8 62.4 13.8 0.8

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,612.0 86.5 1.1 60.9 33.7 105.4 138.8 149.5 101.7 57.3 12.3 0.8

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,503.5 82.2 1.1 63.8 35.0 111.6 133.6 143.7 95.6 50.4 11.6 0.9

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563.5 85.1 1.2 69.9 44.4 102.0 133.2 143.9 103.6 47.7 12.5 0.7

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,517.0 84.8 1.5 75.5 53.1 100.5 130.2 138.4 98.3 46.5 12.3 0.7

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,448.5 83.5 1.8 75.0 53.3 100.3 122.7 133.6 97.8 45.4 12.8 0.6

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,376.5 80.6 1.8 66.4 44.5 98.0 129.3 125.8 95.6 43.9 11.8 0.7

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,516.5 84.2 2.2 64.8 43.4 95.6 149.6 127.9 98.0 49.1 11.0 0.7

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,629.5 89.1 2.3 72.1 51.3 99.4 144.3 147.7 97.9 49.4 11.6 0.6

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,693.0 93.2 2.5 82.6 62.7 105.0 151.2 137.0 104.4 48.4 11.9 0.6

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,914.5 101.5 2.6 102.0 74.7 134.6 167.5 139.4 106.7 51.7 12.5 0.5

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989.0 104.7 2.4 108.2 --- --- 168.0 151.9 104.4 49.9 12.5 0.5

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,064.5 105.5 2.2 100.7 67.3 145.6 184.1 164.5 100.2 49.2 11.4 0.6

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,877.0 102.7 2.1 86.0 57.2 123.8 162.9 155.8 106.9 49.4 11.6 0.7

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,683.0 95.8 1.7 66.4 --- --- 159.2 150.4 85.1 60.3 12.7 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
32 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 8. Birth rates, by age and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 

1989–2012—Con.

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified racial group. Birth rates are 

births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations estimated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Populations for specified Hispanic 

groups based on American Community Survey (ACS) estimates as of July 1 for 2010–2012; prior to 2010, populations for specified Hispanic groups based on Current Population 

Survey (CPS) estimates as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and origin and

race of mother

Total 

fertility 

rate

Fertility 

rate1

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–492 Total 15–17 18–19

Non-Hispanic7

Total8

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,803.0 60.3 0.3 24.8 10.9 44.5 76.2 103.3 98.0 47.5 9.8 0.7

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810.5 60.1 0.3 26.5 12.0 47.0 78.0 103.8 96.8 46.2 9.8 0.7

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,831.0 60.4 0.3 28.8 13.4 50.3 81.5 104.2 96.5 44.5 9.7 0.7

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,877.5 61.6 0.4 31.6 15.1 54.7 86.0 106.0 96.7 44.7 9.4 0.7

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,926.0 62.7 0.4 33.1 16.0 57.8 90.0 108.6 97.9 45.3 9.3 0.6

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,959.5 63.3 0.5 33.8 16.4 60.1 92.3 110.9 98.7 46.1 9.0 0.6

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,946.0 62.5 0.5 33.2 16.5 59.0 92.3 110.7 96.9 46.2 8.8 0.6

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,902.0 60.8 0.5 32.1 15.9 56.9 89.2 109.5 94.7 45.2 8.6 0.6

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,906.0 60.8 0.5 33.1 16.7 57.6 89.5 110.1 94.7 44.3 8.5 0.5

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,909.0 60.7 0.5 33.9 17.2 58.9 90.6 110.6 94.6 42.8 8.3 0.5

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,885.0 59.8 0.6 35.4 18.2 61.6 91.8 108.7 91.6 40.5 7.9 0.5

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,898.0 60.0 0.6 37.8 19.6 65.0 94.6 108.1 90.8 39.5 7.7 0.5

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931.5 61.1 0.7 40.7 21.9 68.2 99.5 108.4 90.2 38.8 7.6 0.4

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,894.0 60.0 0.8 42.2 23.3 70.2 98.4 106.7 86.2 37.0 7.1 0.4

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,887.5 60.0 0.8 44.0 25.2 72.4 98.9 105.8 84.4 36.2 7.0 0.4

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,853.0 59.3 0.9 45.0 26.7 73.7 97.4 103.5 82.0 34.8 6.7 0.3

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,852.0 59.6 1.0 47.0 28.4 75.8 97.3 103.6 80.8 33.9 6.5 0.3

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,856.5 60.2 1.1 49.3 30.5 78.6 97.4 104.1 79.9 33.0 6.2 0.3

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,883.5 61.6 1.2 51.7 32.3 81.4 99.5 106.5 79.1 32.4 6.0 0.3

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,901.5 62.7 1.2 52.7 32.9 82.3 101.7 108.7 78.4 31.6 5.7 0.3

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,929.0 64.2 1.2 54.3 33.2 85.3 104.3 111.4 77.9 31.1 5.4 0.2

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,953.0 65.2 1.3 56.1 34.4 86.1 106.5 113.1 77.5 30.8 5.1 0.2

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,979.5 67.1 1.3 54.8 33.8 81.4 108.1 116.5 79.2 30.7 5.1 0.2

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,921.0 65.7 1.3 53.4 --- --- 107.8 113.4 74.7 28.6 4.8 0.2

White:

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,761.5 58.6 0.2 20.5 8.4 37.9 70.2 104.4 100.5 46.8 9.1 0.6

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,773.5 58.7 0.2 21.7 9.0 39.9 71.8 105.2 100.1 45.8 9.3 0.6

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791.0 58.7 0.2 23.5 10.0 42.5 74.9 105.8 99.9 44.1 9.2 0.6

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,830.0 59.6 0.2 25.7 11.0 46.2 79.2 107.1 99.7 44.4 9.1 0.6

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,874.5 60.5 0.2 26.7 11.6 48.6 82.8 109.7 100.8 45.2 8.9 0.6

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,908.0 61.0 0.2 27.2 11.9 50.4 85.1 112.0 101.5 46.3 8.7 0.6

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900.5 60.3 0.2 26.7 11.8 49.4 85.1 112.2 100.0 46.8 8.5 0.6

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,869.0 59.0 0.2 26.0 11.5 48.0 82.7 111.7 98.4 46.0 8.3 0.5

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,871.0 58.9 0.2 26.7 12.0 48.6 83.0 112.1 98.3 45.1 8.3 0.5

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,874.5 58.9 0.2 27.4 12.4 50.0 84.1 112.7 98.4 43.5 8.1 0.5

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,840.0 57.6 0.2 28.6 13.1 52.0 84.7 110.4 95.0 40.9 7.7 0.5

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,846.0 57.7 0.3 30.3 14.0 54.7 87.0 109.6 94.3 39.8 7.5 0.4

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,866.0 58.5 0.3 32.6 15.8 57.5 91.2 109.4 93.2 38.8 7.3 0.4

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,838.5 57.7 0.3 34.1 17.1 59.4 90.6 108.6 89.5 37.3 6.9 0.4

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825.0 57.6 0.3 35.3 18.3 60.9 91.2 107.4 87.2 36.4 6.8 0.4

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785.5 56.8 0.4 36.0 19.3 62.1 90.0 104.8 84.3 34.8 6.5 0.3

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,781.0 57.1 0.4 37.6 20.6 64.0 90.1 104.9 82.8 33.9 6.2 0.3

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777.5 57.5 0.4 39.3 22.0 66.2 90.2 105.1 81.5 32.8 5.9 0.3

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,782.5 58.2 0.5 40.4 22.7 67.6 90.9 106.6 80.2 32.0 5.7 0.2

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,786.0 58.9 0.5 40.7 22.7 67.7 92.2 108.2 79.0 31.0 5.4 0.2

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,803.5 60.0 0.5 41.7 22.7 69.8 93.9 110.6 78.3 30.4 5.1 0.2

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,822.5 60.9 0.5 43.4 23.6 70.6 95.7 112.1 77.7 30.2 4.7 0.2

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,850.5 62.8 0.5 42.5 23.2 66.6 97.5 115.3 79.4 30.0 4.7 0.2

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,770.0 60.5 0.4 39.9 --- --- 94.7 111.7 75.0 27.8 4.3 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 33

Table 8. Birth rates, by age and Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 

1989–2012—Con.

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44 in specified racial group. Birth rates are 

births per 1,000 women in specified group. Populations estimated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Populations for specified Hispanic 

groups based on American Community Survey (ACS) estimates as of July 1 for 2010–2012; prior to 2010, populations for specified Hispanic groups based on Current Population 

Survey (CPS) estimates as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year and origin and

race of mother

Total 

fertility 

rate

Fertility 

rate1

Age of mother (years)

10–14

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–492 Total 15–17 18–19

Non-Hispanic7

—Con.

Black:

2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,898.5 65.0 0.8 43.9 21.9 74.1 109.0 101.7 75.1 38.9 9.6 0.7

2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,919.5 65.4 0.9 47.3 24.6 78.8 112.3 101.7 73.9 37.8 9.3 0.7

2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971.5 66.6 1.0 51.5 27.4 85.6 119.4 102.5 73.6 36.4 9.2 0.7

2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046.5 68.9 1.1 56.8 31.0 93.5 125.9 106.0 73.9 36.1 8.9 0.6

2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,115.5 70.8 1.4 60.4 33.6 100.0 131.6 108.8 75.3 36.3 8.7 0.6

2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142.0 71.4 1.4 62.0 34.6 105.2 134.5 110.5 74.7 36.2 8.5 0.6

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,128.5 70.7 1.5 61.9 35.2 105.1 134.4 110.0 73.2 35.9 8.3 0.5

2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,030.5 67.2 1.6 59.4 34.1 100.2 127.9 105.5 68.8 34.2 8.2 0.5

2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,030.5 67.1 1.6 61.9 36.4 101.6 127.9 105.0 67.8 33.6 7.8 0.5

2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037.5 67.1 1.6 63.8 38.2 103.4 128.8 104.0 67.7 33.4 7.7 0.5

2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,053.0 67.5 1.9 67.7 40.6 109.5 131.4 103.1 66.5 32.1 7.5 0.4

2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,107.0 69.1 2.1 73.1 44.8 115.9 137.3 102.8 66.4 32.0 7.3 0.4

2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,178.5 71.4 2.4 79.2 50.1 121.9 145.4 102.8 66.5 31.8 7.2 0.4

1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134.0 69.9 2.6 81.0 51.7 123.9 142.1 99.8 63.9 30.6 6.5 0.3

1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,164.0 70.9 2.9 85.7 56.8 128.2 142.5 99.9 64.4 30.4 6.7 0.3

1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,137.5 70.3 3.2 88.3 60.7 131.0 138.8 97.2 63.6 29.6 6.5 0.3

1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,140.0 70.7 3.6 91.9 64.8 134.1 137.0 96.7 63.2 29.1 6.2 0.3

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,186.5 72.8 4.2 97.2 70.4 139.2 137.8 98.5 64.4 28.8 6.1 0.3

1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,314.5 77.5 4.6 105.7 77.0 150.4 146.8 104.1 66.3 29.1 6.0 0.3

1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,412.5 81.5 4.6 110.5 81.1 154.6 154.5 109.2 68.1 29.4 5.9 0.3

19923

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,482.5 84.5 4.8 114.7 82.9 161.1 160.8 112.8 68.4 29.1 5.7 0.2

19913

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,532.0 87.0 4.9 118.2 86.1 162.2 164.8 115.1 68.9 28.7 5.6 0.2

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,547.5 89.0 5.0 116.2 84.9 157.5 165.1 118.4 70.2 28.7 5.6 0.3

19895

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,424.0 84.8 5.2 111.9 --- --- 156.3 113.8 65.7 26.3 5.3 0.3

--- Data not available.

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; based on fewer than 20 births in the numerator. And for the Hispanic subgroups, a relative standard error for the rate of 23% or more for the 

ACS-based rates of 2010–2011, or fewer than 50 women for census years and 75,000 women for noncensus years in the denominator for the CPS-based rates for 1989–2009; see reference 13.

1

Fertility rates computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 15–44.

2

Beginning in 1997, birth rates computed by relating births to women aged 45 and over to women aged 45–49; see Technical Notes.

3

Excludes data for New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin.

4

Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

5

Excludes data for Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

6

Includes Central and South American and other and unknown Hispanic.

7

Includes origin not stated.

8

Includes races other than white and black.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiple-race reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; 

see Technical Notes. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. In this table, Hispanic women are classified only by place of origin; non-Hispanic women are classified by race; see Technical Notes.
34 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 9. Birth rates, by live-birth order and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44. Populations based on counts enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Missing 

values for live-birth order not stated have been distributed]

Year and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother Fertility rate

Live-birth order

1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 8 and over

All races1,2

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 25.2 19.9 10.4 4.4 1.7 1.0 0.3

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 25.4 20.0 10.4 4.4 1.7 1.0 0.3

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 25.9 20.2 10.6 4.4 1.7 1.0 0.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 26.8 20.8 11.0 4.6 1.7 1.0 0.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 27.5 21.5 11.4 4.7 1.7 1.0 0.3

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 27.8 22.0 11.7 4.7 1.8 1.0 0.3

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 27.4 21.9 11.6 4.7 1.7 1.0 0.3

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 26.5 21.5 11.3 4.5 1.6 0.9 0.3

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 26.4 21.4 11.2 4.4 1.6 0.9 0.3

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 26.5 21.4 11.1 4.3 1.6 0.9 0.3

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 25.8 21.2 10.9 4.3 1.6 0.9 0.3

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 25.9 21.3 11.0 4.3 1.6 0.9 0.3

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 26.5 21.4 11.0 4.2 1.6 0.9 0.3

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 26.0 21.0 10.7 4.1 1.5 0.9 0.3

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 25.9 21.0 10.6 4.1 1.5 0.9 0.3

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 25.9 20.7 10.4 4.0 1.5 0.9 0.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 26.3 20.7 10.4 4.0 1.5 0.9 0.3

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 26.9 20.7 10.3 4.0 1.5 0.9 0.3

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 27.1 21.2 10.6 4.1 1.6 0.9 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 27.3 21.7 10.9 4.3 1.6 1.0 0.3

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 27.6 22.2 11.2 4.4 1.7 1.0 0.3

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 28.2 22.3 11.4 4.4 1.7 1.0 0.3

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 29.0 22.8 11.7 4.5 1.7 1.0 0.3

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 28.4 22.4 11.3 4.3 1.6 0.9 0.3

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 27.6 22.0 10.9 4.1 1.5 0.9 0.3

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 27.2 21.6 10.5 3.9 1.4 0.8 0.3

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 27.2 21.6 10.3 3.8 1.4 0.8 0.3

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 27.6 22.0 10.4 3.8 1.4 0.8 0.3

19843

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 27.4 21.7 10.1 3.7 1.4 0.9 0.3

19833

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 27.8 21.5 10.1 3.7 1.4 0.9 0.3

19823

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 28.6 22.0 10.2 3.8 1.4 0.9 0.3

19813

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 29.0 21.6 10.1 3.8 1.5 0.9 0.4

19803

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 29.5 21.8 10.3 3.9 1.5 1.0 0.4

Non-Hispanic white2,4

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 24.7 19.2 9.1 3.4 1.2 0.7 0.3

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 24.9 19.2 9.0 3.4 1.2 0.7 0.3

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 25.0 19.2 9.1 3.4 1.2 0.7 0.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 25.3 19.5 9.2 3.4 1.2 0.7 0.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 25.5 19.8 9.5 3.5 1.2 0.7 0.2

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 25.6 20.1 9.7 3.5 1.2 0.7 0.2

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 25.1 20.0 9.6 3.5 1.1 0.6 0.2

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 24.4 19.8 9.5 3.4 1.1 0.6 0.2

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 24.4 19.8 9.5 3.3 1.1 0.6 0.2

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 24.5 19.8 9.4 3.3 1.1 0.6 0.2

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 23.6 19.6 9.3 3.3 1.1 0.6 0.2

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 23.6 19.7 9.4 3.3 1.1 0.6 0.2

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 24.2 19.8 9.4 3.3 1.1 0.6 0.2

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 24.0 19.6 9.2 3.2 1.0 0.6 0.2

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 23.8 19.7 9.2 3.1 1.0 0.6 0.2

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 23.8 19.3 8.9 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.2

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 24.1 19.3 8.9 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.2

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 24.5 19.3 8.9 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.2

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 24.6 19.7 9.1 3.1 1.0 0.5 0.2

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 24.8 20.1 9.2 3.1 1.0 0.5 0.2

19925

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 25.1 20.5 9.5 3.2 1.0 0.5 0.2

19915

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 25.8 20.6 9.6 3.2 1.0 0.5 0.2

19906

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 26.7 21.2 9.9 3.3 1.1 0.5 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 35

Table 9. Birth rates, by live-birth order and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44. Populations based on counts enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Missing 

values for live-birth order not stated have been distributed]

Year and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother Fertility rate

Live-birth order

1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 8 and over

Non-Hispanic black2,4

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 25.1 18.6 11.2 5.5 2.4 1.7 0.5

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 25.6 18.5 11.1 5.4 2.4 1.7 0.6

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 26.3 18.9 11.3 5.4 2.5 1.7 0.5

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 27.3 19.4 11.7 5.7 2.5 1.7 0.6

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.8 28.1 20.0 12.1 5.8 2.6 1.7 0.5

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 27.9 20.4 12.3 5.9 2.6 1.7 0.5

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.7 27.5 20.3 12.3 5.8 2.5 1.7 0.5

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 25.8 19.3 11.8 5.6 2.5 1.7 0.5

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 25.5 19.4 11.9 5.6 2.5 1.7 0.5

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 25.4 19.6 11.9 5.6 2.5 1.6 0.5

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 25.4 19.7 12.1 5.7 2.5 1.7 0.6

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 25.9 20.4 12.4 5.8 2.5 1.7 0.6

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 26.7 21.2 12.8 5.9 2.6 1.8 0.6

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 26.4 20.8 12.3 5.7 2.5 1.7 0.6

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 27.0 21.0 12.3 5.7 2.6 1.8 0.6

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 27.2 20.6 12.0 5.7 2.5 1.8 0.6

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.7 27.6 20.5 12.0 5.6 2.6 1.8 0.6

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 28.9 20.9 12.1 5.8 2.7 1.9 0.6

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 30.0 22.4 13.2 6.3 2.9 2.0 0.6

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 30.5 23.6 14.3 7.0 3.2 2.2 0.7

19925

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 31.1 24.8 15.2 7.3 3.4 2.2 0.6

19915

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 32.1 25.5 15.7 7.5 3.4 2.2 0.6

19906

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.0 33.2 26.3 16.0 7.6 3.3 2.0 0.6

Hispanic7

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 25.5 22.3 14.9 7.1 2.8 1.5 0.3

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 26.3 22.9 15.2 7.2 2.8 1.5 0.3

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 28.0 24.0 15.9 7.5 2.9 1.5 0.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.5 30.6 25.9 17.0 8.0 3.0 1.6 0.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 33.0 27.8 18.3 8.4 3.2 1.7 0.3

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4 34.7 29.4 19.3 8.7 3.3 1.7 0.4

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 35.1 29.9 19.3 8.7 3.3 1.7 0.4

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 34.4 29.6 19.0 8.4 3.1 1.6 0.4

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.7 34.4 29.3 18.7 8.2 3.1 1.6 0.4

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.2 34.5 29.4 18.3 8.0 3.0 1.6 0.4

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.7 34.7 29.1 18.0 7.9 3.0 1.6 0.4

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.4 35.2 29.3 18.0 7.9 3.0 1.7 0.4

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.9 35.8 29.2 18.0 7.7 3.0 1.7 0.4

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.0 34.6 28.5 17.3 7.5 2.9 1.7 0.4

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.2 34.8 28.5 17.2 7.6 3.0 1.7 0.4

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.2 35.6 28.6 17.1 7.6 3.0 1.8 0.5

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 37.2 29.4 17.4 7.8 3.2 1.9 0.5

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.8 38.4 29.3 17.4 7.8 3.3 2.0 0.6

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.7 39.0 29.7 17.6 8.2 3.4 2.1 0.6

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.3 39.3 30.4 18.3 8.6 3.7 2.3 0.6

19925

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.1 40.1 30.9 19.0 9.1 3.9 2.5 0.7

19915

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.9 40.8 30.6 19.2 9.2 3.9 2.5 0.7

19906

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.7 40.7 30.9 19.5 9.3 4.0 2.6 0.8

1

Includes races other than white and black.

2

Includes origin not stated.

3

Based on 100% of births in selected states and on a 50% sample of births in all other states; see reference 13.

4

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiplerace reporting areas vary for 2003–2011; see Technical Notes.

5

Excludes data for New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin.

6

Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

7

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

—Con.
36 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 10. Births, by race of mother: United States, each state, and territory, 2012

[By place of residence]

Area

Number

All races White Black

American Indian or 

Alaska Native

Asian or

Pacific Islander

United States1

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 2,999,820 634,126 46,093 272,802

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,448 38,995 18,167 212 1,074

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,187 6,817 429 2,810 1,131

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,441 72,060 4,857 5,857 3,667

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,347 29,753 7,371 312 911

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503,755 389,766 32,608 3,462 77,919

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,187 57,945 3,606 759 2,877

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,539 28,752 5,195 245 2,347

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,023 7,383 3,024 24 592

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,399 3,811 5,005 29 554

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,148 152,098 53,159 404 7,487

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,280 76,416 47,372 265 6,227

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,980 5,770 611 82 12,517

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,963 21,795 223 482 463

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,160 120,744 28,111 225 10,080

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,227 70,416 10,419 153 2,239

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,702 34,997 2,120 274 1,311

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,341 35,458 3,154 328 1,401

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,758 49,156 5,293 77 1,232

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,642 36,217 24,542 351 1,532

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,798 12,005 421 129 243

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,883 41,834 25,114 212 5,723

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,439 56,247 9,375 161 6,656

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,091 86,081 22,119 751 4,140

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,772 54,667 7,209 1,436 5,460

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,669 21,436 16,524 246 463

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,446 61,202 11,713 400 2,131

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,118 10,402 88 1,470 158

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,942 22,621 1,969 513 839

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,911 27,321 4,042 443 3,105

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,352 11,520 314 28 490

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,230 72,355 19,440 182 12,253

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,068 22,228 634 3,638 568

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,916 163,775 49,124 1,080 26,937

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,831 80,895 31,484 1,931 5,521

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,106 8,559 296 1,043 208

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,483 109,769 24,526 297 3,891

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,751 39,923 5,169 6,076 1,583

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,067 40,127 1,305 886 2,749

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,514 109,519 25,701 385 6,909

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,926 8,783 1,369 149 625

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,155 36,757 18,900 227 1,271

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,104 9,476 325 2,084 219

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,371 60,594 17,467 198 2,112

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382,727 314,717 47,705 1,232 19,073

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,465 48,118 717 784 1,846

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,009 5,726 98 21 164

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,013 71,823 22,840 222 8,128

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,463 70,086 5,075 2,162 10,140

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,827 19,822 798 22 185

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,295 56,054 6,901 1,002 3,338

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,572 7,029 98 332 113

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,900 34,408 4,484 --- ---

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415 325 1,075 – 15

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,590 194 31 14 3,351

American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,163 1 – – 1,162

Northern Marianas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 11 – 1 841

--- Data not available.

– Quantity zero.

1

Excludes data for the territories.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. In this table, all women, including Hispanic women, 

are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 37

Table 11. Births, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, each state, and 

territory, 2012

[By place of residence]

Area

All 

origins

Origin of mother

Not stated

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Total Mexican

Puerto 

Rican Cuban

Central and 

South

American

Other and

unknown 

Hispanic Total1 White Black

United States2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 907,677 555,823 67,182 17,396 131,794 135,482 3,014,314 2,134,044 583,489 30,850

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,448 3,925 2,549 153 37 1,093 93 54,517 35,162 18,096 6

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,187 722 343 83 22 70 204 9,792 5,772 361 673

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,441 33,906 31,859 391 108 1,060 488 52,404 38,836 4,446 131

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,347 3,854 2,959 57 10 729 99 34,412 25,925 7,300 81

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503,755 244,930 189,212 2,106 725 20,046 32,841 247,608 142,697 29,438 11,217

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,187 17,791 11,590 384 80 999 4,738 46,275 39,997 3,122 1,121

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,539 7,946 883 4,251 90 2,569 153 28,517 21,261 4,716 76

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,023 1,354 616 279 19 352 88 9,653 6,143 2,913 16

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,399 1,372 144 18 13 1,008 189 7,996 2,806 4,783 31

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,148 57,882 12,462 11,856 11,525 18,043 3,996 153,774 97,042 49,374 1,492

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,280 17,472 10,489 1,063 256 3,670 1,994 110,518 60,311 44,293 2,290

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,980 2,970 682 927 31 162 1,168 15,998 4,725 488 12

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,963 3,496 2,772 53 13 161 497 19,398 18,409 182 69

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,160 34,787 28,799 2,442 213 2,361 972 123,560 86,194 27,274 813

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,227 7,032 5,327 310 41 702 652 76,094 63,801 10,043 101

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,702 3,151 2,392 91 18 466 184 35,539 32,075 2,007 12

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,341 6,291 4,706 155 29 549 852 34,005 29,438 2,961 45

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,758 2,733 1,604 180 170 499 280 52,966 46,685 5,073 59

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,642 3,737 1,577 183 103 1,430 444 58,832 33,316 23,846 73

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,798 208 30 30 6 41 101 12,543 11,782 399 47

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,883 10,228 1,869 579 96 6,592 1,092 62,525 33,158 23,870 130

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,439 12,571 451 4,114 94 3,347 4,565 59,179 45,500 7,005 689

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,091 7,380 4,706 498 103 685 1,388 105,348 79,044 21,543 363

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,772 4,831 3,317 167 52 902 393 63,633 50,067 6,963 308

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,669 1,280 614 41 9 319 297 37,365 20,157 16,499 24

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,446 4,052 2,553 206 63 659 571 71,015 57,350 11,319 379

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,118 468 270 15 6 41 136 11,563 9,965 77 87

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,942 3,834 2,737 57 60 652 328 22,097 19,172 1,788 11

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,911 12,759 9,850 272 223 1,286 1,128 21,975 14,967 3,709 177

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,352 559 94 169 10 121 165 11,681 10,975 202 112

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,230 27,611 5,676 6,556 737 13,731 911 76,345 47,944 16,183 274

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,068 14,869 4,782 110 39 93 9,845 11,800 7,675 443 399

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,916 55,704 9,848 13,472 550 16,599 15,235 181,413 116,153 38,479 3,799

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,831 17,953 11,191 1,272 244 4,048 1,198 101,807 67,154 28,468 71

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,106 378 259 23 18 28 50 9,600 8,163 269 128

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,483 6,524 3,056 1,432 72 1,083 881 131,369 104,116 23,268 590

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,751 6,878 5,419 157 55 662 585 45,793 33,536 4,917 80

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,067 8,559 7,397 102 55 460 545 36,281 31,773 1,158 227

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,514 14,058 2,596 7,119 208 1,584 2,551 127,369 99,531 21,209 1,087

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,926 2,466 136 679 19 733 899 8,169 6,712 857 291

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,155 4,596 2,711 436 85 951 413 52,354 32,848 18,175 205

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,104 547 297 39 8 122 81 11,538 9,048 308 19

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,371 6,989 4,550 308 92 1,438 601 73,343 54,712 16,645 39

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382,727 182,981 134,123 1,799 614 11,919 34,526 199,368 135,573 44,530 378

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,465 7,645 5,446 131 34 1,087 947 42,706 39,984 502 1,114

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,009 97 29 25 5 18 20 5,873 5,602 94 39

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,013 12,909 3,151 1,131 156 5,085 3,386 89,965 59,991 21,980 139

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,463 15,760 12,077 426 119 1,089 2,049 70,689 55,364 4,349 1,014

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,827 193 69 32 3 38 51 20,538 19,548 788 96

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,295 6,575 4,991 789 53 364 378 60,573 49,730 6,696 147

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,572 864 563 14 5 48 234 6,639 6,155 81 69

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,900 35,498 41 34,276 24 218 939 3,385 3,063 315 17

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415 310 – 87 – 104 119 1,081 117 951 24

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,590 47 28 5 – 1 13 3,490 174 28 53

American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,163 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1,163

Northern Marianas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 5 – – – – 5 17 – – 831

– Quantity zero. --- Data not available. 1Includes races other than white and black. 2Excludes data for the territories. 

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. In this table, Hispanic women are classified only by 

place of origin; non-Hispanic women are classified by race; see Technical Notes.
38 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 12. Birth rates, by age of mother: United States, each state, and territory, 2012

[By place of residence. Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15–44; total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5; birth rates by age 

are births per 1,000 women in specified age group estimated in each area. Populations estimated as of July 1]

Area Birth rate

Fertility 

rate

Total 

fertility 

rate

10–14 

years

15–19

Total

15–17 

years 

18–19 

years

20–24 

years

25–29 

years

30–34 

years

35–39 

years

40–44 

years

45–49 

years1

United States2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 63.0 1,880.5 0.4 29.4 14.1 51.4 83.1 106.5 97.3 48.3 10.4 0.7

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 60.9 1,806.5 0.6 39.2 18.4 69.4 96.8 110.4 78.0 30.5 5.5 0.3

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 75.9 2,185.0 * 34.5 12.3 71.2 111.0 122.1 103.8 51.2 13.1 1.1

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 67.5 2,004.0 0.3 37.4 18.7 66.1 95.6 115.6 94.7 46.4 10.3 0.5

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 67.0 1,969.0 0.6 45.7 21.3 82.5 117.5 115.6 77.5 31.1 5.5 0.3

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 63.3 1,891.0 0.3 26.5 13.2 46.2 71.8 99.5 103.8 60.3 14.7 1.3

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 62.0 1,830.5 0.2 25.4 12.2 44.2 76.3 100.9 99.0 52.4 11.0 0.9

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 53.2 1,664.5 0.2 15.1 7.3 25.7 55.4 87.4 106.4 56.1 11.5 0.8

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 61.4 1,845.5 * 25.0 11.7 41.6 76.2 108.2 101.4 48.3 9.2 *

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . 14.9 55.3 1,607.5 * 38.6 29.0 45.0 56.1 47.9 79.3 72.7 24.5 1.9

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 59.0 1,768.5 0.3 28.0 12.4 51.4 79.2 101.2 89.3 45.1 10.0 0.6

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 62.4 1,879.0 0.5 33.8 16.0 59.3 95.7 106.3 87.4 42.1 9.4 0.6

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 71.6 2,095.0 * 28.1 11.8 53.5 91.5 109.5 109.1 63.1 16.1 1.4

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 74.1 2,193.0 * 28.3 11.7 53.6 113.7 142.7 102.0 41.9 9.3 0.5

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 60.9 1,816.5 0.4 27.9 13.6 49.3 72.8 98.1 101.7 51.0 10.7 0.7

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 64.7 1,933.0 0.3 33.0 15.5 58.5 95.7 123.0 91.3 36.2 6.8 0.3

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 66.8 1,987.0 0.3 24.1 10.8 41.7 83.9 136.8 102.9 41.4 7.6 0.4

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 72.3 2,117.5 0.3 34.1 14.5 62.4 100.3 132.7 102.1 44.9 8.6 0.5

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 65.4 1,953.5 0.4 41.5 18.1 76.4 108.2 119.7 82.4 32.2 6.0 0.3

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 67.0 1,922.5 0.7 43.1 19.5 77.8 106.6 111.2 81.5 34.7 6.4 0.3

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 53.9 1,677.5 * 19.4 7.2 36.1 76.2 105.6 89.9 36.1 7.6 0.5

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 60.8 1,828.0 0.3 22.1 10.5 38.6 69.1 97.9 105.5 57.8 12.1 0.8

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 53.5 1,631.5 0.2 14.1 6.8 22.5 45.9 76.6 111.2 64.6 12.7 1.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 59.6 1,824.0 0.3 26.3 11.9 47.2 78.6 114.3 96.1 40.8 7.9 0.5

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 65.7 1,942.5 0.2 18.5 8.4 33.0 69.9 119.6 117.0 52.2 10.4 0.7

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 64.2 1,885.5 0.9 46.1 22.1 80.1 113.6 111.7 70.8 28.1 5.6 0.3

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 64.3 1,892.0 0.4 32.2 13.9 58.9 93.5 115.0 91.5 37.9 7.5 0.4

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 66.6 1,955.0 * 28.8 12.6 51.9 90.7 121.2 96.8 45.2 7.7 *

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 72.3 2,119.0 * 26.8 12.6 46.0 88.4 136.8 113.6 47.2 10.2 0.5

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 63.0 1,872.0 0.4 33.4 15.0 65.8 91.1 105.5 88.3 44.8 10.3 0.6

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 50.3 1,605.0 * 13.8 6.2 23.6 55.3 100.5 99.2 44.5 7.3 *

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 60.4 1,845.5 0.3 16.7 7.7 31.0 62.8 96.9 115.2 62.8 13.5 0.9

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 67.8 1,980.5 0.7 47.5 24.1 82.7 109.2 108.5 81.5 39.4 8.8 0.5

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 59.7 1,772.5 0.3 19.7 9.5 33.5 63.9 88.8 103.3 62.3 15.0 1.2

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 61.0 1,843.5 0.4 31.8 15.4 54.3 91.3 105.8 89.7 41.2 8.1 0.4

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 74.6 2,121.5 * 26.5 12.1 43.2 82.4 145.1 118.6 45.0 5.9 *

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 62.6 1,886.0 0.4 29.8 13.2 54.0 90.9 114.7 93.9 39.7 7.4 0.4

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 70.5 2,039.0 0.5 47.3 22.8 83.1 113.5 122.4 83.9 33.2 6.7 0.3

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 59.0 1,742.0 0.3 23.8 11.1 42.9 74.0 100.4 90.5 48.5 10.2 0.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 58.8 1,782.0 0.3 23.7 12.1 38.6 71.1 102.7 101.9 47.2 8.9 0.6

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 51.7 1,592.5 * 19.9 10.9 29.1 55.8 87.0 97.0 48.5 9.6 *

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 61.4 1,819.5 0.4 36.6 17.2 62.5 93.8 104.8 84.2 36.8 7.1 0.2

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 78.1 2,269.0 * 33.3 16.4 56.4 104.1 151.2 111.7 44.8 8.1 *

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 62.6 1,866.0 0.4 38.5 17.3 70.3 102.2 109.1 81.6 34.4 6.6 0.4

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 69.9 2,075.0 0.6 44.4 23.4 76.6 104.2 114.3 95.1 45.7 10.0 0.7

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 83.1 2,373.5 * 23.3 10.3 42.8 98.0 166.2 120.5 54.8 11.1 0.7

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 51.6 1,612.5 * 16.3 7.4 25.8 61.1 97.9 93.9 45.2 7.6 *

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 61.7 1,837.0 0.3 22.9 10.2 40.0 75.9 101.3 102.4 52.7 11.2 0.7

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 63.5 1,875.0 0.2 23.4 10.7 42.7 76.2 108.4 102.5 52.4 11.0 0.9

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 61.3 1,853.5 0.5 44.1 20.1 78.8 104.0 115.5 73.7 27.7 4.9 *

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 61.8 1,856.5 0.2 21.9 10.3 37.8 73.6 118.1 104.1 44.7 8.2 0.5

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 69.5 1,990.0 * 34.7 13.3 65.4 102.0 127.2 88.8 37.5 7.2 *

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 51.8 1,542.5 0.7 48.8 27.9 79.3 99.9 80.1 51.6 22.4 4.8 0.2

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 69.6 2,262.0 * 42.8 15.7 83.5 141.5 121.9 100.5 35.8 8.0 *

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 104.7 3,148.5 * 54.7 23.5 101.7 166.8 166.3 147.0 76.1 17.2 *

American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 89.0 2,849.5 * 39.7 19.7 65.2 119.9 155.7 148.8 81.9 21.6 *

Northern Marianas . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 62.9 1,825.5 * 37.9 * 63.7 99.0 74.9 70.8 57.6 22.7 *

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; birth rates based on fewer than 20 births.

1

Birth rates computed by relating births to women aged 45 and over to women aged 45–49; see Technical Notes.

2

Excludes data for the territories.

NOTES: Population data for computing birth rates were provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. Rates by state may differ from rates computed on the basis of other population estimates.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 39

Table 13. Selected demographic characteristics of births, by race of mother: United States, 2012

[Birth rates are births per 1,000 population. Fertility rates are computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 15–44. Total fertility rates are sums 

of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Populations estimated as of July 1. Mean age at first birth is the arithmetic average of the age of mothers at the time of birth, 

computed directly from the frequency of first births by age of mother] 

Characteristic All races White Black

American Indian or 

Alaskan Native

Asian or Pacific 

Islander 

Number

Births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 2,999,820 634,126 46,093 272,802

Rate

Birth rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 12.1 14.7 10.5 15.1

Fertility rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 63.0 65.1 47.0 62.2

Total fertility rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880.5 1,885.5 1,899.5 1,350.0 1,769.5

Sex ratio1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,047 1,048 1,033 1,040 1,063

Percent

All births

Births to mothers under age 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.3 12.4 14.2 2.0

4th- and higher-order births2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 11.4 15.5 20.0 6.6

Births to unmarried mothers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 35.9 71.6 66.9 17.0

Mothers born in the 50 states and DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 80.6 83.6 93.9 22.1

Mean

Age of mother at first birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 25.9 23.6 22.5 29.3

1

Male births per 1,000 female births.

2

Based on live-birth order.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia (DC) reported multiple-race data for 2011 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. In this table, all women, including Hispanic 

women, are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes.
40 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 14. Selected demographic characteristics of births, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic 

origin: United States, 2012

[Birth rates are births per 1,000 population. Fertility rates are computed by relating total births, regardless of age of mother, to women aged 15–44. Total fertility rates are sums 

of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Populations estimated as of July 1. Mean age at first birth is the arithmetic average of the age of mothers at the time of birth, 

computed directly from the frequency of first births by age of mother]

Characteristic All origins1

Hispanic Non-Hispanic 

Total Mexican

Puerto 

Rican Cuban

Central 

and South 

American

Other and 

unknown 

Hispanic Total2 White Black

Number

Births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 907,677 555,823 67,182 17,396 131,794 135,482 3,014,314 2,134,044 583,489

Rate

Birth rate3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 17.1 16.3 13.5 8.9 (

3

) 22.3 11.7 10.7 14.6

Fertility rate3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 74.4 70.7 58.2 45.4 (

3

) 94.9 60.3 58.6 65.0

Total fertility rate3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880.5 2,189.5 2,082.5 1,688.5 1,370.5 (

3

) 2,812.5 1,803.0 1,761.5 1,898.5

Sex ratio4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,047 1,036 1,035 1,036 1,029 1,034 1,045 1,050 1,053 1,032

All births Percent

Births to mothers under age 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 11.5 12.2 13.3 5.3 6.1 13.7 6.7 5.7 12.4

4th- and higher-order births5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 15.8 17.7 12.8 5.6 13.4 12.8 10.6 9.7 15.6

Births to unmarried mothers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 53.5 52.1 65.1 48.8 50.8 56.4 36.9 29.3 72.1

Mothers born in the 50 states and DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 47.8 46.2 72.6 48.4 16.5 72.3 86.1 93.8 86.2

Mean

Age of mother at first birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 23.8 23.2 23.5 26.6 26.2 23.5 26.3 26.6 23.6

1

Includes origin not stated.

2

Includes races other than white and black.

3

Rates for the Central and South American population include other and unknown Hispanic.

4

Male births per 1,000 female births.

5

Based on live-birth order.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia (DC) reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. In 

this table, Hispanic women are classified only by place of origin; non-Hispanic women are classified by race; see Technical Notes.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 41

Table 15. Births and birth rates for unmarried women, by age and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

[Population estimated as of July 1; see Technical Notes]

Measure and age of mother (years) All races1

 White Black American

Indian or

Alaska Native2

Asian or

Pacific

Islander2 Hispanic3 Total2 Non-Hispanic Total2 Non-Hispanic

Number

All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609,619 1,078,289 626,131 454,080 420,977 30,855 46,395 485,166

Under 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637 2,157 857 1,336 1,260 87 57 1,380

15–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,843 185,054 101,545 75,360 69,644 5,980 4,449 89,548

15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,790 7,174 3,006 3,210 2,979 255 151 4,415

16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,337 17,541 7,850 6,833 6,269 562 401 10,306

17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,357 32,428 16,447 12,225 11,189 983 721 17,079

18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,281 52,380 29,226 20,961 19,320 1,718 1,222 24,887

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,078 75,531 45,016 32,131 29,887 2,462 1,954 32,861

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593,894 392,217 243,459 177,063 165,342 11,622 12,992 160,711

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393,826 263,649 154,460 109,530 101,489 7,326 13,321 117,102

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,306 149,140 80,964 60,155 55,365 3,888 9,123 72,798

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,863 67,059 34,369 24,370 22,177 1,573 4,861 34,720

40 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,250 19,013 10,477 6,266 5,700 379 1,592 8,907

Rate per 1,000 unmarried women in specified group

15–444

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 42.1 32.1 62.6 --- --- 22.9 72.6

15–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 24.1 17.8 43.4 --- --- 8.1 41.8

15–17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 12.4 8.0 22.0 --- --- 3.9 24.5

18–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.8 41.4 32.1 73.2 --- --- 14.2 68.5

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 58.3 46.6 103.5 --- --- 22.0 96.5

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 63.2 47.8 91.2 --- --- 35.2 113.2

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.3 40.2 59.6 --- --- 43.6 103.9

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.9 31.5 21.8 29.7 --- --- 30.1 57.6

40–445

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.5 6.1 8.1 --- --- 12.1 16.5

Percent of births to unmarried women

All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 35.9 29.3 71.6 72.1 66.9 17.0 53.5

Under 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.0 98.9 99.0 99.8 99.8 97.8 91.9 98.9

15–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.7 85.7 84.8 97.3 97.7 92.3 80.5 87.2

15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 98.6 98.6 99.8 99.9 98.8 93.8 98.7

16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 95.4 95.4 99.4 99.6 97.1 90.3 95.4

17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.2 92.5 92.8 99.0 99.3 96.5 89.8 92.4

18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.4 86.6 86.3 97.7 98.1 92.2 82.6 87.3

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.9 79.8 79.1 95.7 96.3 89.3 74.0 81.3

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 58.5 54.8 87.4 88.2 76.6 45.5 66.6

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 30.2 24.1 67.2 67.8 59.6 18.0 47.9

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 18.9 13.4 51.1 51.3 49.4 9.3 37.7

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 18.7 13.1 43.2 43.0 46.9 9.1 34.8

40 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 21.7 16.7 40.0 39.6 45.0 12.1 35.7

--- Data not available.

1

Includes origin not stated.

2

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Data for persons of Hispanic origin are 

included in the data for each race group according to the mother’s reported race; see Technical Notes. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged 

to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. 

3

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race. 

4

Birth rates computed by relating total births to unmarried mothers, regardless of age of mother, to unmarried women aged 15–44; see Technical Notes. 

5

Birth rates computed by relating births to unmarried women aged 40 and over to unmarried women aged 40–44. 

NOTES: For 49 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City marital status is reported in the birth registration process; for New York, mother’s marital status is inferred; see reference 13. Rates 

cannot be computed for unmarried non-Hispanic black women or for American Indian or Alaska Native women because the necessary populations are not available. 
42 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 16. Birth rates for unmarried women, by age of mother: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980–2012, and by age and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Rates are births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women. Populations estimated as of July 1 for all years]

Year and race and Hispanic origin

Age of mother (years)

15–441

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–442 Total 15–17 18–19

All races3

20124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 26.7 13.7 45.8 64.7 67.2 56.3 30.9 8.5

20114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 28.4 14.9 48.2 66.7 67.8 56.2 29.9 8.2

20104

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 31.1 16.8 52.0 70.0 69.2 56.3 29.6 8.0

20094

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 34.0 18.8 56.3 74.4 73.0 57.1 29.7 7.8

20084

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 35.9 20.1 59.7 78.1 75.7 58.8 30.2 7.5

20074

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 36.5 20.4 61.9 79.8 76.9 58.0 28.7 6.8

20064

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 35.5 20.1 60.3 79.1 75.4 55.3 26.8 6.5

20054 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 33.9 19.4 57.0 74.5 71.5 50.4 24.5 6.2

20044

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 34.2 19.9 56.6 72.3 69.1 47.3 23.5 6.0

20034

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 34.3 20.1 56.6 71.0 66.2 44.2 22.3 5.8

20024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.6 35.1 20.7 58.1 70.0 62.0 41.3 20.9 5.4

20014

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.7 36.8 21.8 60.2 70.8 59.6 40.3 20.4 5.3

20004

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 39.0 23.9 62.2 72.2 58.5 39.3 19.7 5.0

19994

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 39.7 25.0 62.3 70.8 56.9 38.1 19.0 4.6

19984

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 40.9 26.5 63.6 70.4 55.4 38.1 18.7 4.6

19974

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.9 41.4 27.7 63.9 68.9 53.4 37.9 18.7 4.6

19964

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.8 42.2 28.5 64.9 68.9 54.5 40.2 19.9 4.8

19954

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 43.8 30.1 66.5 68.7 54.3 38.9 19.3 4.7

19944

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 45.8 31.7 69.1 70.9 57.4 39.6 19.7 4.7

19934

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 44.0 30.3 66.2 68.5 55.9 38.0 18.9 4.4

19924

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 44.2 30.2 66.7 67.9 55.6 37.6 18.8 4.1

19914

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 44.6 30.8 65.4 67.8 56.0 37.9 17.9 3.8

19904

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.8 42.5 29.6 60.7 65.1 56.0 37.6 17.3 3.6

19894

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 40.1 28.7 56.0 61.2 52.8 34.9 16.0 3.4

19884

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 36.4 26.4 51.5 56.0 48.5 32.0 15.0 3.2

19874

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 33.8 24.5 48.9 52.6 44.5 29.6 13.5 2.9

19864

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 32.3 22.8 48.0 49.3 42.2 27.2 12.2 2.7

19854

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 31.4 22.4 45.9 46.5 39.9 25.2 11.6 2.5

19844,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 30.0 21.9 42.5 43.0 37.1 23.3 10.9 2.5

19834,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 29.5 22.0 40.7 41.8 35.5 22.4 10.2 2.6

19824,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 28.7 21.5 39.6 41.5 35.1 21.9 10.0 2.7

19814,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 27.9 20.9 39.0 41.1 34.5 20.8 9.8 2.6

19804,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 27.6 20.6 39.0 40.9 34.0 21.1 9.7 2.6

19805,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 27.5 20.7 38.7 39.7 31.4 18.5 8.4 2.3

19755,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 23.9 19.3 32.5 31.2 27.5 17.9 9.1 2.6

19706,7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.4 22.4 17.1 32.9 38.4 37.0 27.1 13.6 3.5

White total

20124

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 24.1 12.4 41.4 58.3 63.2 56.3 31.5 8.5

20114

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 25.5 13.4 43.4 60.1 63.8 56.2 30.6 8.3

20104

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 27.9 15.1 46.9 63.4 65.8 56.8 30.7 8.1

20094

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.6 30.4 16.7 50.5 67.3 69.7 57.7 30.6 7.8

20084

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 31.9 17.8 53.3 70.9 73.1 60.0 31.1 7.3

20074

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 32.3 17.9 55.1 72.6 74.3 59.5 29.1 6.5

20064

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 31.1 17.3 53.3 71.7 72.4 55.5 26.6 6.3

20054

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.2 29.7 16.7 50.3 67.0 67.7 49.8 23.9 5.9

20044

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.8 29.9 17.0 49.9 64.5 65.0 46.2 22.8 5.6

20034

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 29.9 17.1 50.0 63.2 61.7 42.3 21.3 5.5

20024

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 30.3 17.5 50.8 61.6 57.5 38.8 19.5 5.1

20014

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 31.2 18.1 51.9 61.5 54.9 37.2 18.6 4.9

20004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 32.7 19.7 53.1 61.7 52.9 35.9 17.9 4.5

19994

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 33.2 20.6 52.9 60.2 50.8 34.9 17.4 4.1

19984

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 33.6 21.5 53.1 59.5 48.6 34.1 16.9 4.1

19974

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 33.6 22.0 52.9 57.9 47.0 33.6 16.6 3.9

19964

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 34.0 22.3 53.5 57.9 48.1 35.4 17.7 4.3

19954

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 35.0 23.3 54.7 57.2 47.4 33.7 16.8 4.2

19944

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 35.8 23.9 55.8 57.5 48.6 33.8 17.2 4.3

19934

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 33.3 21.9 52.0 53.8 46.0 31.9 16.3 3.9

19924 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 32.7 21.4 51.2 52.4 44.8 31.3 16.1 3.6

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 43

Table 16. Birth rates for unmarried women, by age of mother: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980–2012, and by age and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Rates are births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women. Populations estimated as of July 1 for all years]

Year and race and Hispanic origin

Age of mother (years)

15–441

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–442 Total 15–17 18–19

White total—Con.

19914

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 32.7 21.7 49.4 51.4 44.3 30.9 15.2 3.2

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 30.6 20.4 44.9 48.2 43.0 29.9 14.5 3.2

19894

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 28.0 19.3 40.2 43.8 39.1 26.8 13.1 2.9

19884

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 25.3 17.6 36.8 39.2 35.4 24.2 12.1 2.7

19874

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 23.2 16.2 34.5 36.6 32.0 22.3 10.7 2.4

19864

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 21.8 14.9 33.5 34.2 30.5 20.1 9.7 2.2

19854

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 20.8 14.5 31.2 31.7 28.5 18.4 9.0 2.0

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 19.3 13.7 27.9 28.5 25.5 16.8 8.4 2.0

19834,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 18.7 13.6 26.4 27.1 23.8 15.9 7.8 2.0

19824,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 18.0 13.1 25.3 26.5 23.1 15.3 7.4 2.1

19814,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.6 17.2 12.6 24.6 25.8 22.3 14.2 7.2 1.9

19804,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 16.5 12.0 24.1 25.1 21.5 14.1 7.1 1.8

Non-Hispanic white 

20124

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 17.8 8.0 32.1 46.6 47.8 40.2 21.8 6.1

20114

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 18.8 8.6 33.6 47.8 47.8 39.2 20.7 6.0

20104

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 20.3 9.5 36.0 49.5 48.0 38.7 20.2 5.8

20094

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 21.8 10.4 38.1 51.4 49.3 37.9 20.0 5.5

20084

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 22.5 10.8 39.7 52.9 50.8 38.4 20.4 5.2

20074

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 22.6 10.9 40.7 53.4 50.7 37.2 19.2 4.6

20064

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 21.6 10.7 38.9 52.6 49.1 35.1 17.9 4.5

20054

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 20.9 10.3 37.4 49.9 46.0 31.7 16.2 4.3

20044

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 21.3 10.7 37.4 48.6 44.2 30.0 15.7 4.2

20034

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 21.5 11.0 37.8 47.6 41.5 28.0 14.8 4.1

20024

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 22.1 11.4 38.8 46.3 38.9 26.2 13.6 3.7

20014

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 23.1 12.1 40.3 46.4 37.8 25.4 13.2 3.6

20004

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 24.7 13.6 42.1 47.0 36.9 24.8 12.9 3.3

19994

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 25.6 14.6 42.7 46.3 36.2 24.8 13.0 3.1

19984

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 26.2 15.5 43.1 46.3 35.4 25.0 13.1 3.1

19974

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 26.4 16.2 43.3 44.8 34.4 24.9 12.7 2.9

19964

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 27.0 16.9 43.9 44.5 35.0 26.4 13.8 3.3

19954

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 27.7 17.6 44.6 43.9 34.4 25.1 12.9 3.2

19944

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 28.1 17.9 45.0 43.8 34.7 24.6 12.8 3.1

19934

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19924

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19914

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

19904,8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 25.0 16.2 37.0 36.4 30.3 20.5 6.1 ---

Black total

20124

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 43.4 22.0 73.2 103.5 91.2 59.6 29.7 8.1

20114

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 46.7 24.7 77.4 106.9 92.4 59.1 28.9 7.8

20104

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 50.8 27.6 83.6 112.6 92.5 58.6 27.8 7.8

20094

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 55.9 31.1 91.3 119.5 95.6 60.3 28.4 7.6

20084

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 59.7 33.9 98.4 124.0 97.0 61.1 28.5 7.6

20074

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 61.3 34.8 103.6 125.3 99.1 59.9 28.0 7.4

20064

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.7 61.1 35.4 103.3 125.5 98.0 58.4 27.3 7.2

20054

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 58.7 34.4 97.9 120.4 94.7 53.9 25.9 7.1

20044

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 60.1 36.1 98.0 119.6 92.5 52.0 25.7 6.8

20034

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 61.0 37.4 98.0 117.8 91.3 51.2 25.2 6.5

20024

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 64.0 39.4 102.8 119.0 86.3 50.2 24.9 6.3

20014

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 69.4 43.5 109.1 122.5 84.4 51.2 25.4 6.3

20004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.5 75.0 48.3 115.0 129.0 85.9 50.2 25.4 6.3

19994

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 76.5 50.0 115.8 126.8 85.5 49.0 24.2 5.8

19984

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 81.5 55.0 121.5 127.8 86.5 50.5 24.3 6.0

19974

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 84.5 59.0 124.8 124.2 81.4 51.0 24.3 6.5

19964

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 87.5 62.6 127.2 122.6 81.2 53.4 25.2 6.1

19954

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 91.2 67.4 129.2 124.6 82.3 53.3 25.3 6.0

19944

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.8 99.3 73.9 139.6 135.2 91.3 56.5 26.0 5.9

19934

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.0 101.2 75.9 140.0 139.9 92.8 56.7 25.7 5.8

19924 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.7 104.8 77.2 146.4 142.6 96.8 57.3 25.6 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.

—Con.
44 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 16. Birth rates for unmarried women, by age of mother: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980–2012, and by age and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012

[Rates are births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women. Populations estimated as of July 1 for all years]

Year and race and Hispanic origin

Age of mother (years)

15–441

15–19

20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–442 Total 15–17 18–19

Black total—Con.

19914

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.0 107.8 79.9 147.7 146.4 100.0 59.8 25.5 5.4

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 106.0 78.8 143.7 144.8 105.3 61.5 25.5 5.1

19894

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 104.5 78.9 140.9 142.4 102.9 60.5 24.9 5.0

19884

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.5 96.1 73.5 130.5 133.6 97.2 57.4 24.1 5.0

19874

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 90.9 69.9 123.0 126.1 91.6 53.1 22.4 4.7

19864

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 88.5 67.0 121.1 118.0 84.6 50.0 20.6 4.4

19854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 87.6 66.8 117.9 113.1 79.3 47.5 20.4 4.3

19844,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 86.1 66.5 113.6 107.9 77.8 43.8 19.4 4.3

19834,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 85.5 66.8 111.9 107.2 79.7 43.8 19.4 4.8

19824,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.9 85.1 66.3 112.7 109.3 82.7 44.1 19.5 5.2

19814,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 85.0 65.9 114.2 110.7 83.1 45.5 19.6 5.6

19804,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.1 87.9 68.8 118.2 112.3 81.4 46.7 19.0 5.5

Asian or Pacific Islander total

20124

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 8.1 3.9 14.2 22.0 35.2 43.6 30.1 12.1

20114

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 8.6 4.4 14.8 22.3 35.1 42.3 27.0 9.9

20104

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 9.2 4.8 15.4 23.2 35.0 40.0 26.6 9.9

20094

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 10.6 5.9 17.1 25.3 36.2 39.2 27.3 9.9

20084

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 11.4 6.3 18.4 26.4 33.5 37.9 30.3 10.8

20074

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 11.9 6.7 19.2 27.1 32.3 36.9 28.8 9.9

20064

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 12.0 7.3 18.9 26.8 30.5 37.6 29.7 9.4

20054 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 11.9 6.8 19.3 25.8 31.4 36.8 24.6 9.3

20044

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 12.3 7.3 19.4 24.8 30.7 35.8 20.7 8.6

20034

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 12.3 7.1 19.6 24.2 29.0 31.8 19.8 7.9

20024

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 13.0 7.3 21.0 24.4 26.7 29.4 19.1 6.9

20014

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 14.2 8.5 22.4 23.9 25.7 28.7 19.5 6.3

20004

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 15.2 9.6 23.2 24.2 25.4 29.7 18.4 6.9

Hispanic9

20124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.6 41.8 24.5 68.5 96.5 113.2 103.9 57.6 16.5

20114

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 44.7 27.0 71.7 100.6 116.2 106.0 58.0 16.2

20104

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 50.0 30.8 79.8 110.5 123.9 105.8 61.7 16.3

20094

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.4 56.7 35.3 90.9 125.4 139.4 112.4 63.7 17.1

20084

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.3 62.4 39.4 101.1 141.0 151.1 121.6 66.9 16.2

20074

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.1 65.4 40.6 109.2 153.8 161.1 127.0 64.9 14.9

20064

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.5 65.9 40.5 110.2 155.1 160.7 122.9 61.3 14.8

20054 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.2 63.7 40.3 103.9 142.5 151.2 116.7 58.1 14.1

20044

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 64.2 41.2 102.9 133.4 142.5 108.8 56.0 13.7

20034

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.9 63.5 41.1 101.2 130.2 135.6 98.7 54.0 13.2

20024

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 63.9 41.9 100.7 127.2 125.1 91.0 52.4 12.8

20014

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.8 65.5 43.4 101.1 129.8 121.0 91.4 49.6 12.2

20004

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.2 68.5 47.0 102.2 130.5 121.6 89.4 46.1 12.2

19994

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 68.6 48.7 99.9 126.1 119.6 84.2 42.4 11.2

19984

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.8 69.3 49.8 101.2 120.6 115.9 78.2 38.8 12.0

19974

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2 69.2 50.7 100.6 122.8 114.8 78.8 40.5 12.1

19964

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 69.3 49.7 102.3 131.6 122.0 84.6 41.2 12.3

19954

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.8 73.2 52.8 108.6 135.8 122.3 84.1 42.2 12.1

19944

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.8 77.7 55.7 115.4 144.5 131.7 91.2 47.4 13.9

19934

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.4 71.1 49.6 108.8 134.3 130.4 87.8 47.1 14.1

19924

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.8 70.3 49.2 106.6 138.2 133.4 89.9 47.8 14.6

19914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 71.0 49.5 107.5 134.2 135.1 88.2 47.6 14.1

19904,8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.6 65.9 45.9 98.9 129.8 131.7 88.1 50.8 13.7

--- Data not available.

1

Rates computed by relating total births to unmarried mothers, regardless of age of mother, to unmarried women aged 15–44.

2

Beginning in 1997, birth rates computed by relating births to unmarried women aged 40 and over to unmarried women aged 40–44; see Technical Notes.

3

Includes races other than white, black, and Asian or Pacific Islander.

4

Data for states in which marital status was not reported have been inferred and included with data from the remaining states; see Technical Notes.

5

Based on 100% of births in selected states and on a 50% sample of births in all other states; see reference 13.

6

Births to unmarried women are estimated for the United States from data for registration areas in which marital status of mother was reported; see reference 53.

7

Based on a 50% sample of births.

8

Rates based on data for 48 states and the District of Columbia, which reported Hispanic origin on the birth certificate. Rates for age group 35–39 are based on births to unmarried women aged 35–44.

9

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and 

Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. 

Multiple-race reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; see Technical Notes. Rates cannot be computed for unmarried non-Hispanic black women or for American Indian or Alaska Native women because the 

necessary populations are not available.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 45

Table 17. Birth rates, by age and race of father: United States, 1980–2012

[Rates are births per 1,000 men in specified group. Populations based on counts enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Missing 

values for age of father not stated have been distributed]

Year and race of father 15–541

Age of father (years)

15–192 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55 and over 

All races3

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 13.8 58.3 92.5 102.0 65.9 26.8 8.6 2.6 0.3

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 14.7 60.5 94.4 102.2 64.6 26.4 8.3 2.6 0.3

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 16.1 64.6 97.1 103.6 63.4 25.9 8.2 2.6 0.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 17.7 69.5 101.5 105.5 63.8 25.9 8.2 2.6 0.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 18.4 73.2 106.4 108.3 64.8 25.8 8.3 2.6 0.3

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 18.2 75.6 110.4 110.3 65.6 25.7 8.2 2.6 0.3

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 17.3 75.3 111.4 108.6 65.2 25.3 8.1 2.6 0.2

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 16.4 72.7 109.4 105.9 63.4 24.5 7.9 2.5 0.2

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 16.6 73.4 108.9 104.7 62.5 24.1 7.7 2.4 0.3

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 16.6 74.7 109.1 104.0 60.9 23.6 7.6 2.5 0.3

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 17.2 75.7 107.1 100.7 58.3 22.7 7.4 2.4 0.3

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 18.3 78.3 106.7 99.9 57.1 22.3 7.3 2.4 0.3

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 19.8 82.1 106.5 99.5 56.3 22.2 7.3 2.5 0.3

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 20.6 81.1 105.3 95.9 53.9 21.1 7.0 2.4 0.3

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 21.3 82.3 104.4 94.4 53.1 21.0 7.1 2.5 0.3

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 21.9 82.1 102.6 92.0 51.5 20.7 7.0 2.5 0.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.2 22.7 83.4 102.8 91.3 51.1 20.5 6.9 2.5 0.3

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 23.9 83.9 103.2 90.7 50.4 20.3 7.0 2.5 0.3

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.4 24.6 85.6 105.3 91.1 50.5 20.3 7.2 2.6 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 24.4 86.0 108.1 91.7 50.7 20.2 7.3 2.7 0.4

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 24.4 87.1 111.1 93.0 51.1 20.4 7.3 2.7 0.4

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 24.7 87.9 113.5 94.3 51.6 20.2 7.4 2.7 0.4

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 23.5 88.0 116.4 97.8 53.0 21.0 7.5 2.8 0.4

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 21.9 85.4 114.3 94.8 51.3 20.4 7.4 2.7 0.6

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 19.6 82.4 111.6 93.2 49.9 19.9 7.1 2.7 0.4

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 18.3 80.5 109.9 91.2 48.6 19.0 6.9 2.6 0.4

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 17.9 80.3 109.6 90.3 46.8 18.3 6.7 2.6 0.4

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 18.0 81.2 112.3 91.1 47.3 18.1 6.6 2.5 0.4

19844

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 17.8 80.7 111.4 89.9 46.0 17.8 6.3 2.4 0.4

19834

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 18.2 82.6 113.0 89.1 45.2 17.4 6.4 2.3 0.4

19824

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 18.6 86.5 117.3 90.3 44.5 17.5 6.4 2.3 0.4

19814

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 18.4 88.4 119.1 88.7 43.3 17.0 6.2 2.3 0.4

19804

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 18.8 92.0 123.1 91.0 42.8 17.1 6.1 2.2 0.3

White

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.0 12.1 53.7 92.3 102.5 63.4 24.4 7.3 2.1 0.2

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 12.8 55.5 94.5 103.0 62.5 24.3 7.1 2.0 0.2

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 13.9 59.6 97.5 104.6 61.3 24.0 7.1 2.0 0.2

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 15.2 64.3 102.0 106.2 61.7 24.0 7.1 2.1 0.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 15.7 68.1 107.0 108.8 62.6 23.9 7.2 2.1 0.3

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 15.5 70.6 111.1 110.5 63.5 23.8 7.1 2.1 0.3

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 14.6 70.5 112.0 108.8 63.4 23.5 7.1 2.1 0.1

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 14.0 68.2 110.0 106.2 61.9 22.8 6.9 2.1 0.2

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 14.1 69.1 109.6 105.0 61.1 22.5 6.9 2.0 0.2

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 14.1 70.7 109.9 104.5 59.6 22.0 6.8 2.1 0.3

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 14.7 71.4 107.5 101.2 57.0 21.2 6.6 2.1 0.3

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 15.4 73.1 106.6 100.3 55.8 20.8 6.5 2.0 0.3

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 16.6 75.8 105.4 99.5 54.7 20.7 6.5 2.1 0.3

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 17.3 74.7 104.1 96.2 52.7 19.8 6.3 2.1 0.3

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 17.7 75.6 102.7 94.3 51.9 19.6 6.3 2.1 0.3

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 18.0 75.3 100.9 91.7 50.2 19.3 6.2 2.1 0.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 18.7 76.7 101.4 91.1 49.9 19.2 6.1 2.1 0.2

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 19.4 77.0 101.7 90.4 49.1 19.1 6.2 2.1 0.2

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 19.5 77.4 103.1 90.4 48.9 18.9 6.3 2.2 0.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 18.9 77.2 105.5 90.7 48.9 18.7 6.4 2.2 0.2

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 18.8 77.8 108.2 91.9 49.1 18.8 6.4 2.2 0.3

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 19.0 78.4 110.2 92.8 49.6 18.5 6.5 2.2 0.3

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 18.1 78.3 113.2 96.1 50.9 19.2 6.5 2.2 0.3

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 16.7 75.9 110.8 93.0 49.1 18.7 6.3 2.1 0.4

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 14.8 73.7 108.3 91.2 47.6 18.1 6.1 2.1 0.3

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 13.9 72.8 107.0 89.5 46.2 17.3 5.9 2.0 0.3

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.7 13.8 73.3 107.0 88.7 44.4 16.6 5.7 2.0 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
46 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 17. Birth rates, by age and race of father: United States, 1980–2012

[Rates are births per 1,000 men in specified group. Populations based on counts enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Missing 

values for age of father not stated have been distributed]

Year and race of father 15–541

Age of father (years)

15–192 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55 and over 

White—Con.

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 14.0 74.7 109.9 89.5 44.8 16.3 5.6 1.9 0.3

19844

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 14.0 74.3 108.8 87.9 43.5 16.0 5.3 1.9 0.3

19834 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 14.4 76.3 110.2 86.8 42.6 15.5 5.3 1.8 0.3

19824

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 14.9 80.1 114.2 87.5 41.7 15.6 5.3 1.9 0.3

19814

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 15.0 81.7 115.8 85.8 40.3 15.0 5.2 1.8 0.3

19804

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 15.4 84.9 119.4 87.8 39.7 15.0 5.1 1.8 0.3

Black

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 24.6 93.8 112.7 98.0 68.2 35.1 14.6 5.7 1.0

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 26.6 99.4 114.6 98.3 66.7 34.5 14.2 5.7 1.0

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 29.0 107.0 117.0 98.9 65.7 33.9 13.8 5.8 1.0

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 32.2 114.4 122.3 102.1 66.0 33.3 13.9 5.5 1.0

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 33.9 118.5 128.1 105.1 67.7 33.2 13.9 5.4 1.0

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 33.8 120.8 132.6 107.7 67.9 32.9 13.6 5.5 1.0

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 32.9 119.8 135.1 107.1 67.5 32.4 13.7 5.3 0.6

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 31.1 114.7 131.5 102.8 64.2 31.2 13.3 5.0 0.7

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 31.8 113.9 129.0 100.2 62.0 30.2 12.5 4.8 0.7

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 31.8 114.4 127.7 97.6 60.1 29.3 12.3 4.7 0.9

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 32.8 117.3 126.4 95.1 58.0 28.4 11.9 4.7 0.9

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 36.2 124.9 127.6 96.1 57.1 28.2 11.8 4.6 1.0

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 39.6 135.5 131.0 95.2 56.9 28.4 11.7 5.0 1.0

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 41.0 133.8 129.6 91.6 54.3 26.5 11.2 4.9 1.0

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 42.8 137.0 130.3 90.9 54.0 26.7 11.6 5.0 1.0

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 45.1 136.3 126.3 88.8 52.6 26.1 11.4 5.2 1.0

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 46.7 137.6 123.9 87.0 51.8 25.7 11.3 5.3 1.1

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 49.9 139.2 123.9 87.7 52.0 25.7 11.9 5.4 1.1

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 54.1 149.1 129.6 91.4 53.8 26.4 12.8 5.8 1.1

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 56.2 152.7 134.2 94.0 56.3 27.7 13.4 6.3 1.3

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 57.0 157.1 138.6 95.8 56.7 28.4 13.7 6.1 1.4

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.0 57.8 158.5 142.0 99.2 58.5 29.4 14.1 6.7 1.4

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 55.2 158.2 144.9 103.2 60.4 31.1 15.0 7.1 1.4

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 52.9 153.4 143.5 101.4 59.9 31.1 14.9 6.9 2.7

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.7 48.1 144.1 137.9 100.0 58.0 30.6 14.3 6.9 1.4

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.3 44.6 136.1 133.9 97.4 58.0 30.0 13.8 6.6 1.3

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 42.6 131.4 131.6 97.4 58.0 29.1 13.5 6.7 1.3

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 41.8 129.5 132.7 97.3 59.4 29.5 13.3 6.5 1.2

19844 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 40.9 128.0 132.2 98.3 58.4 29.3 13.3 6.1 1.2

19834

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 40.7 129.1 134.4 99.0 59.6 29.6 13.5 6.0 1.2

19824

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 40.3 133.4 141.2 103.6 61.1 29.6 13.9 6.0 1.2

19814

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 38.9 138.4 145.6 104.3 61.3 29.7 13.3 5.7 1.2

19804

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.0 40.1 145.3 152.8 109.6 62.0 31.2 13.6 5.9 1.1

1

Rates computed by relating total births, regardless of age of father, to men aged 15–54.

2

Rates computed by relating births of fathers under age 20 to men aged 15–19.

3

Includes races other than white and black.

4

Based on 100% of births in selected states and on a 50% sample of births in all other states; see reference 13.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiple-race reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; 

see Technical Notes. In this table, all men, including Hispanic men, are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes. Age of father was not stated for 12.8% of births in 2012. See reference 

13 for information on the calculation of birth rates by age of father.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 47

Table 18. Selected medical and health characteristics of births, by race of mother: United States, 2012

Characteristic All races White Black

American 

Indian or Alaska 

Native

Asian or Pacific 

Islander 

Mother Percent

Diabetes during pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.6 5.3 8.0 9.9

Weight gain of less than 11 lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.8 12.9 12.3 6.0

Weight gain of more than 40 lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 21.7 21.0 21.3 15.0

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 23.6 21.7 21.6 17.0

CNM delivery1

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.1 7.3 16.5 6.5

Cesarean delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 32.3 35.6 28.6 33.2

Infant

Gestational age

Preterm2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 10.7 16.2 13.3 10.2

Early preterm3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.0 5.8 4.0 2.7

Late preterm4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.7 10.4 9.3 7.5

Birthweight

Very low birthweight5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.2 2.8 1.3 1.1

Low birthweight6

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.0 12.8 7.6 8.2

4,000 grams or more7

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.9 4.5 10.1 4.8

Low 5-minute Apgar8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.7 3.2 2.5 1.2

Twin birth9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 32.8 36.2 23.1 31.4

Triplet/+ birth10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 130.5 104.9 56.4 115.1

1

Births delivered by certified nurse midwives.

2

Born prior to 37 completed weeks of gestation.

3

Born prior to 34 completed weeks of gestation.

4

Born between 34 and 36 completed weeks of gestation.

5

Less than 1,500 grams (3 lb 4 oz).

6

Less than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 oz).

7

Equivalent to 8 lb 14 oz.

8

Score of less than 7 on a 10-point scale.

9

Live births in twin deliveries per 1,000 live births.

10Live births in triplet and other higher-order multiple deliveries per 100,000 live births.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. In this table, all women, including Hispanic women, 

are classified only according to their race; see Technical Notes.
48 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 19. Selected medical and health characteristics of births, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic 

origin: United States, 2012

Characteristic All origins1

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Total Mexican

Puerto 

Rican Cuban

Central 

and South 

American

Other and 

unknown 

Hispanic Total2 White Black

Mother Percent

Diabetes during pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.3 6.8 6.6 4.9 6.0 4.9 5.8 5.3 5.2

Weight gain of less than 11 lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.6 10.1 8.9 4.8 8.9 9.0 8.2 7.1 13.2

Weight gain of more than 40 lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 16.7 15.3 22.3 28.8 15.4 19.1 22.4 23.7 21.1

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 17.7 17.3 21.2 18.7 16.8 18.4 24.4 26.1 21.8

CNM delivery3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.0 7.5 10.3 5.1 9.4 7.5 7.9 8.2 7.1

Cesarean delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 32.2 30.9 34.4 48.6 33.0 33.2 33.0 32.3 35.8

Infant

Gestational age

Preterm4

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.6 11.1 13.2 14.5 11.8 12.1 11.5 10.3 16.5

Early preterm5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.3 3.1 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.4 2.9 5.9

Late preterm6

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.3 8.0 9.2 10.7 8.5 8.7 8.1 7.4 10.6

Birthweight

Very low birthweight7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.1 2.9

Low birthweight8

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.0 6.5 9.4 7.4 6.6 8.0 8.3 7.0 13.2

4,000 grams or more9

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.3 7.7 5.8 7.4 7.2 6.3 8.1 9.5 4.3

Low 5-minute Apgar10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.6 2.1 1.8 3.3

Twin births11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 20.4 20.4 30.6 34.4 23.7 25.1 20.4 36.8 36.9

Triplet/+ births12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 114.4 61.7 86.3 109.2 84.2 77.5 114.4 152.9 107.8

1

Includes origin not stated.

2

Includes races other than white and black.

3

Births delivered by certified nurse midwives.

4

Born prior to 37 completed weeks of gestation.

5

Born prior to 34 completed weeks of gestation.

6

Born between 34 and 36 completed weeks of gestation

7

Less than 1,500 grams (3 lb 4 oz).

8

Less than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 oz).

9

Equivalent to 8 lb 14 oz.

10Score of less than 7 on a 10-point scale.

11Live births in twin deliveries per 1,000 live births.

12Live births in triplet and other higher-order multiple deliveries per 100,000 live births.

NOTES: Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Forty-one states and the District 

of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. In this 

table, Hispanic women are classified only by place of origin; non-Hispanic women are classified by race; see Technical Notes.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 49

Table 20. Births, by attendant, place of delivery, and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

Place of delivery and race

and Hispanic origin of mother All births

Physician Midwife

Total Other Unspecified

 Doctor of 

medicine

 Doctor of 

osteopathy Total

Certified 

nurse 

midwife

Other 

midwife

All races1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 3,582,768 3,347,334 235,434 342,189 313,846 28,343 25,777 2,107

In hospital2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,899,089 3,580,382 3,345,245 235,137 303,184 297,804 5,380 14,324 1,199

Not in hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,635 2,352 2,058 294 38,997 16,040 22,957 11,425 861

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,577 458 346 112 14,571 7,988 6,583 502 46

Clinic or doctor’s office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 197 161 36 222 145 77 28 3

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,184 1,233 1,124 109 23,584 7,739 15,845 9,715 652

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,424 464 427 37 620 168 452 1,180 160

Not specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 34 31 3 8 2 6 28 47

Non-Hispanic white3

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134,044 1,920,690 1,770,122 150,568 197,441 174,667 22,774 15,037 876

In hospital2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,090,344 1,919,238 1,768,912 150,326 163,761 161,032 2,729 6,862 483

Not in hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,658 1,433 1,193 240 33,673 13,633 20,040 8,165 387

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,073 412 303 109 12,190 6,635 5,555 447 24

Clinic or doctor’s office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 126 95 31 203 131 72 6 –

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,984 683 603 80 20,735 6,743 13,992 7,259 307

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,266 212 192 20 545 124 421 453 56

Not specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 19 17 2 7 2 5 10 6

 Non-Hispanic black3

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,489 536,504 510,914 25,590 42,683 41,443 1,240 3,807 495

In hospital2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580,600 536,025 510,456 25,569 41,659 40,927 732 2,593 323

Not in hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,879 473 453 20 1,023 516 507 1,212 171

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 19 19 – 547 310 237 18 16

Clinic or doctor’s office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 29 25 4 6 6 – 1 –

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839 304 294 10 453 186 267 956 126

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 121 115 6 17 14 3 237 29

Not specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 5 1 1 – 1 2 1

Hispanic4

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,677 827,490 781,499 45,991 75,002 72,216 2,786 4,817 368

In hospital2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903,453 827,193 781,228 45,965 72,343 71,123 1,220 3,706 211

Not in hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,218 292 266 26 2,659 1,093 1,566 1,110 157

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326 23 20 3 1,273 690 583 27 3

Clinic or doctor’s office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 13 12 1 10 5 5 1 2

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,482 166 152 14 1,349 385 964 852 115

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 90 82 8 27 13 14 230 37

Not specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 5 – – – – 1 –

– Quantity zero.

1

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

2

Includes births occurring en route to or on arrival at hospital.

3

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. 

4

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.
50 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 21. Births, by method of delivery and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1989–2012

Year

All 

births

Vaginal Cesarean

Number Number Rate1

Total2

NonHispanic 

white3

NonHispanic 

black3 Hispanic4 Total2

NonHispanic 

white3

NonHispanic 

black3 Hispanic4 Total2

NonHispanic 

white3

NonHispanic 

black3 Hispanic4

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 2,650,744 1,441,894 374,035 615,095 1,296,070 688,932 208,562 291,697 32.8 32.3 35.8 32.2

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,953,590 2,651,428 1,447,969 374,978 623,010 1,293,267 693,591 206,009 293,816 32.8 32.4 35.5 32.0

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,999,386 2,680,947 1,454,861 379,617 643,682 1,309,182 702,548 208,520 300,138 32.8 32.6 35.5 31.8

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,130,665 2,764,285 1,481,660 392,715 682,512 1,353,572 723,687 214,810 315,025 32.9 32.8 35.4 31.6

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,247,694 2,864,343 1,527,340 406,379 716,811 1,369,273 732,641 214,416 321,859 32.3 32.4 34.5 31.0

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,316,233 2,933,056 1,565,555 413,088 737,478 1,367,340 735,744 211,615 322,554 31.8 32.0 33.9 30.4

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,265,555 2,929,590 1,580,794 411,097 728,854 1,321,054 718,960 203,723 307,981 31.1 31.3 33.1 29.7

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,138,349 2,873,918 1,579,613 392,064 698,089 1,248,815 690,260 189,287 285,376 30.3 30.4 32.6 29.0

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,112,052 2,903,341 1,617,994 397,877 679,118 1,190,210 667,836 178,461 263,454 29.1 29.2 31.0 28.0

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,089,950 2,949,853 1,671,414 405,671 667,656 1,119,388 637,482 167,506 241,159 27.5 27.6 29.2 26.5

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,021,726 2,958,423 1,687,144 416,516 653,516 1,043,846 598,682 159,297 219,777 26.1 26.2 27.7 25.2

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,025,933 3,027,993 1,746,551 435,455 648,821 978,411 567,488 151,908 199,874 24.4 24.5 25.9 23.6

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,058,814 3,108,188 1,804,550 454,736 633,220 923,991 540,794 146,042 179,583 22.9 23.1 24.3 22.1

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,959,417 3,063,870 1,810,682 449,580 599,118 862,086 514,051 135,508 161,035 22.0 22.1 23.2 21.2

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,941,553 3,078,537 1,842,420 457,186 580,143 825,870 495,550 131,999 150,317 21.2 21.2 22.4 20.6

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,880,894 3,046,621 1,829,213 451,744 563,114 799,033 481,982 126,138 142,907 20.8 20.9 21.8 20.2

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,891,494 3,061,092 1,851,058 449,544 558,105 797,119 485,530 124,836 139,554 20.7 20.8 21.7 20.0

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,899,589 3,063,724 1,867,024 457,104 539,731 806,722 496,103 127,171 136,640 20.8 21.0 21.8 20.2

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,767 3,087,576 1,896,609 480,551 525,928 830,517 518,021 134,526 135,569 21.2 21.5 21.9 20.5

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000,240 3,098,796 1,902,433 496,333 514,493 861,987 542,013 139,702 136,279 21.8 22.2 22.0 20.9

19925

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,065,014 3,100,710 1,916,414 502,669 494,338 888,622 566,788 143,153 133,369 22.3 22.8 22.2 21.2

19915

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,110,907 3,100,891 1,941,726 507,522 472,126 905,077 587,802 142,417 129,752 22.6 23.2 21.9 21.6

19906

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,110,563 3,111,421 1,972,754 503,720 458,242 914,096 603,467 142,838 122,969 22.7 23.4 22.1 21.2

19897

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,798,734 2,793,463 1,806,753 440,310 385,462 826,955 556,585 125,290 105,268 22.8 23.6 22.2 21.5

1

Percentage of all live births by cesarean delivery.

2

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

3

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiplerace reporting areas vary for 2003-2012; see Technical Notes. 

4

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

5

Excludes data for New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin. 

6

Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report data by Hispanic origin. Oklahoma did not report method of delivery.

7

Excludes data for Louisiana, Maryland, Nebraska, Nevada, and Oklahoma, which did not report method of delivery on the birth certificate; data by Hispanic origin also excludes New Hampshire, which did 

not report Hispanic origin.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 51

Table 22. Births, by method of delivery by age and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

Age (years) and race and

Hispanic origin of mother 

Number Cesarean

delivery rate1 All births Vaginal Cesarean Not stated

All races2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 2,650,744 1,296,070 6,027 32.8

Under 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,060 239,809 68,901 350 22.3

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916,811 660,209 255,264 1,338 27.9

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,123,900 768,764 353,412 1,724 31.5

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,013,416 649,960 361,891 1,565 35.8

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472,318 273,096 198,432 790 42.1

40–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,336 58,906 58,170 260 49.7

Non-Hispanic white3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134,044 1,441,894 688,932 3,218 32.3

Under 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,623 93,335 27,113 175 22.5

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444,300 322,557 121,045 698 27.3

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641,377 445,492 194,977 908 30.4

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603,041 393,644 208,514 883 34.6

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,885 154,813 106,641 431 40.8

40–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,818 32,053 30,642 123 48.9

Non-Hispanic black3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,489 374,035 208,562 892 35.8

Under 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,549 54,709 17,756 84 24.5

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,488 128,486 58,765 237 31.4

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,649 94,674 54,721 254 36.6

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,863 62,823 44,849 191 41.7

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,536 26,866 24,578 92 47.8

40–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,404 6,477 7,893 34 54.9

Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,677 615,095 291,697 885 32.2

Under 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,118 82,195 21,863 60 21.0

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,138 175,616 65,315 207 27.1

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,474 165,942 78,292 240 32.1

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,142 121,841 71,072 229 36.8

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,859 56,793 42,956 110 43.1

40–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,946 12,708 12,199 39 49.0

1

Percentage of all live births by cesarean delivery.

2

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

3

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes.

4

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.
52 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 23. Births, by birthweight, gestational age, and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

Birthweight1 and race and

Hispanic origin of mother All births

Period of gestation (weeks)2

Not

stated

Preterm Term Postterm

Total

under 37 Under 28 28–31 32–33 34–36 Total 37–41

Early Full Late 42 and

37–38 39–40 41 over

Number

All races3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 455,918 29,013 47,028 58,673 321,204 3,271,092 985,548 1,947,863 337,681 221,751 4,080

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,947 5,895 5,665 204 12 14 16 2 11 3 2 34

500–999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,432 21,201 15,897 4,850 314 140 163 63 89 11 24 44

1,000–1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,873 27,042 3,843 15,603 4,768 2,828 1,558 698 688 172 246 27

1,500–1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,499 51,648 748 11,273 18,009 21,618 8,944 6,005 2,434 505 817 90

2,000–2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,958 100,984 669 3,811 16,025 80,479 91,909 60,176 27,640 4,093 4,810 255

2,500–2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721,840 120,794 1,176 3,991 8,027 107,600 569,820 267,746 267,502 34,572 30,458 768

3,000–3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540,161 85,685 – 4,664 7,189 73,832 1,365,338 409,374 829,247 126,717 87,913 1,225

3,500–3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058,604 33,476 – 2,460 3,505 27,511 951,949 194,629 632,790 124,530 72,441 738

4,000–4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269,581 6,353 – – 567 5,786 241,910 39,498 162,190 40,222 21,148 170

4,500–4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,288 1,037 – – 99 938 33,823 5,817 21,961 6,045 3,390 38

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,650 220 – – 21 199 4,019 1,018 2,367 634 398 13

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,008 1,583 1,015 172 137 259 1,643 522 944 177 104 678

Percent

Very low birthweight4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 11.9 90.7 44.1 8.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.1

Low birthweight5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 45.5 95.8 76.3 66.8 32.7 3.1 6.8 1.6 1.4 2.7 13.2

Number

Non-Hispanic white6

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134,044 219,456 11,423 21,622 27,762 158,649 1,789,226 502,989 1,088,404 197,833 123,760 1,602

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189 2,174 2,076 91 5 2 5 1 4 – 1 9

500–999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,683 8,576 6,253 2,105 146 72 75 26 45 4 13 19

1,000–1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,246 12,400 1,671 7,267 2,174 1,288 732 319 341 72 106 8

1,500–1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,624 24,978 278 5,498 8,826 10,376 4,193 2,832 1,122 239 414 39

2,000–2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,894 50,396 278 1,626 8,372 40,120 42,079 27,726 12,439 1,914 2,318 101

2,500–2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339,379 59,985 493 1,622 3,375 54,495 264,608 124,655 123,568 16,385 14,476 310

3,000–3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806,754 40,308 – 2,039 2,870 35,399 719,497 209,195 441,404 68,898 46,452 497

3,500–3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634,538 16,200 – 1,282 1,587 13,331 574,501 110,550 385,803 78,148 43,494 343

4,000–4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175,251 3,158 – – 275 2,883 158,100 23,555 107,211 27,334 13,897 96

4,500–4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,964 511 – – 46 465 22,143 3,353 14,511 4,279 2,285 25

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,757 85 – – 10 75 2,409 511 1,441 457 254 9

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,765 685 374 92 76 143 884 266 515 103 50 146

Percent

Very low birthweight4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 10.6 90.5 44.0 8.4 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.5

Low birthweight5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 45.0 95.5 77.0 70.5 32.7 2.6 6.1 1.3 1.1 2.3 12.1

Number

Non-Hispanic black6

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,489 96,275 9,783 11,836 12,985 61,671 456,285 158,975 256,534 40,776 30,027 902

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,177 2,162 2,089 67 3 3 3 – 2 1 – 12

500–999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,138 7,077 5,442 1,520 79 36 43 24 18 1 3 15

1,000–1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,797 7,306 1,085 4,193 1,277 751 405 174 173 58 75 11

1,500–1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,673 12,247 235 2,499 4,224 5,289 2,192 1,470 588 134 199 35

2,000–2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,981 21,710 203 949 3,131 17,427 22,026 14,295 6,746 985 1,162 83

2,500–2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,465 23,610 343 1,118 1,933 20,216 115,115 54,137 54,106 6,872 6,518 222

3,000–3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,818 15,519 – 1,038 1,626 12,855 197,093 61,908 117,661 17,524 12,919 287

3,500–3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,079 5,099 – 407 588 4,104 96,581 22,108 62,603 11,870 7,282 117

4,000–4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,807 845 – – 71 774 19,368 3,960 12,510 2,898 1,574 20

4,500–4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,077 137 – – 14 123 2,691 623 1,706 362 247 2

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 30 – – 4 26 351 120 195 36 28 1

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,067 533 386 45 35 67 417 156 226 35 20 97

Percent

Very low birthweight4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 17.3 91.7 49.0 10.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 4.7

Low birthweight5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 52.7 96.3 78.3 67.3 38.2 5.4 10.1 2.9 2.9 4.8 19.4

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 53

Table 23. Births, by birthweight, gestational age, and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

Birthweight1 and race and

Hispanic origin of mother All births

Period of gestation (weeks)2

Not

stated

Preterm Term Postterm

Total

under 37 Under 28 28–31 32–33 34–36 Total 37–41

Early Full Late 42 and

37–38 39–40 41 over

Number

Hispanic7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,677 104,977 5,838 10,247 13,486 75,406 749,742 237,203 439,610 72,929 52,183 775

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 1,129 1,091 33 1 4 7 1 5 1 1 13

500–999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,203 4,154 3,185 880 65 24 37 10 21 6 5 7

1,000–1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,718 5,349 805 3,085 918 541 315 144 137 34 49 5

1,500–1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,040 10,141 182 2,445 3,530 3,984 1,734 1,120 514 100 156 9

2,000–2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,079 20,538 136 940 3,370 16,092 18,522 11,964 5,716 842 977 42

2,500–2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,159 27,719 257 975 2,134 24,353 130,345 61,307 61,107 7,931 6,941 154

3,000–3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372,287 23,480 – 1,250 2,177 20,053 326,689 102,771 194,611 29,307 21,831 287

3,500–3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,616 9,894 – 618 1,070 8,206 213,604 48,418 139,285 25,901 16,937 181

4,000–4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,727 1,933 – – 173 1,760 50,266 9,612 33,041 7,613 4,498 30

4,500–4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,029 309 – – 29 280 7,042 1,488 4,485 1,069 672 6

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157 82 – – 6 76 976 305 568 103 97 2

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 249 182 21 13 33 205 63 120 22 19 39

Percent

Very low birthweight4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 10.2 89.8 39.1 7.3 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.4

Low birthweight5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 39.4 95.5 72.2 58.5 27.4 2.8 5.6 1.5 1.3 2.3 10.3

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1

Equivalents of the gram weights in pounds and ounces are shown in Technical Notes.

2

Expressed in completed weeks.

3

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

4

Birthweight of less than 1,500 grams (3 lb 4 oz).

5

Birthweight of less than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 oz).

6

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. 

7

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

—Con.
54 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 24. Very preterm and preterm births, and very low birthweight and low birthweight births, by race and Hispanic origin of 

mother: United States, 1981–2012

Year

Very preterm1 Preterm2

All races3

Non-Hispanic

Hispanic5 All races3

Non-Hispanic

Hispanic White4 5 Black4 White4 Black4

Percent

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.93 1.55 3.71 1.77 11.55 10.29 16.53 11.58

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.93 1.54 3.76 1.76 11.73 10.50 16.77 11.65

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.96 1.58 3.79 1.78 11.99 10.77 17.12 11.79

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.97 1.57 3.87 1.77 12.18 10.92 17.47 11.97

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.99 1.60 3.84 1.80 12.33 11.14 17.54 12.10

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.04 1.64 4.08 1.82 12.68 11.50 18.29 12.29

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.04 1.66 4.08 1.80 12.80 11.70 18.46 12.25

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.03 1.64 4.17 1.79 12.73 11.69 18.43 12.13

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.01 1.63 4.05 1.77 12.49 11.50 17.91 12.00

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.97 1.60 3.99 1.73 12.33 11.30 17.83 11.87

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.96 1.56 4.04 1.72 12.08 10.98 17.66 11.61

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.95 1.55 4.05 1.69 11.95 10.81 17.63 11.45

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.93 1.51 4.09 1.69 11.64 10.43 17.41 11.24

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.96 1.54 4.18 1.68 11.77 10.52 17.63 11.43

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.96 1.52 4.15 1.72 11.69 10.24 17.60 11.43

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.94 1.49 4.19 1.68 11.36 9.94 17.61 11.20

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.89 1.43 4.17 1.66 10.99 9.50 17.51 10.89

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.89 1.41 4.29 1.66 10.99 9.40 17.77 10.91

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.91 1.39 4.36 1.67 11.02 9.27 18.18 10.94

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.93 1.39 4.45 1.67 10.99 9.08 18.58 10.98

19926

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.91 1.33 4.50 1.64 10.69 8.72 18.49 10.75

19916

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.94 1.35 4.65 1.65 10.82 8.73 19.00 10.96

19907

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.92 1.33 4.63 1.69 10.62 8.50 18.89 10.96

19898

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.95 1.34 4.68 1.76 10.58 8.40 19.05 11.10

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.96 --- --- --- 10.22 --- --- ---

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.96 --- --- --- 10.20 --- --- ---

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.90 --- --- --- 9.97 --- --- ---

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.88 --- --- --- 9.76 --- --- ---

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.83 --- --- --- 9.40 --- --- ---

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.86 --- --- --- 9.61 --- --- ---

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.84 --- --- --- 9.50 --- --- ---

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.81 --- --- --- 9.44 --- --- ---

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 55

Table 24. Very preterm and preterm births, and very low birthweight and low birthweight births, by race and Hispanic origin of 

mother: United States, 1981–2012

Year

Very low birthweight9 Low birthweight10 

All races3

Non-Hispanic

Hispanic5 All races3

Non-Hispanic

Hispanic White4 5 Black4 White4 Black4

Percent

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.42 1.13 2.94 1.22 7.99 6.97 13.18 6.97

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.44 1.14 2.99 1.20 8.10 7.09 13.33 7.02

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45 1.16 2.98 1.20 8.15 7.14 13.53 6.97

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45 1.16 3.06 1.19 8.16 7.19 13.61 6.94

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.46 1.18 3.01 1.20 8.18 7.22 13.71 6.96

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.49 1.19 3.20 1.21 8.22 7.28 13.90 6.93

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.49 1.20 3.15 1.19 8.26 7.32 13.97 6.99

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.49 1.21 3.27 1.20 8.19 7.29 14.02 6.88

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.48 1.20 3.15 1.20 8.08 7.20 13.74 6.79

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45 1.18 3.12 1.16 7.93 7.04 13.55 6.69

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.46 1.17 3.15 1.17 7.82 6.91 13.39 6.55

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.44 1.17 3.08 1.14 7.68 6.76 13.07 6.47

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.43 1.14 3.10 1.14 7.57 6.60 13.13 6.41

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45 1.15 3.18 1.14 7.62 6.64 13.23 6.38

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45 1.15 3.11 1.15 7.57 6.55 13.17 6.44

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.42 1.12 3.05 1.13 7.51 6.47 13.11 6.42

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.37 1.08 3.02 1.12 7.39 6.36 13.12 6.28

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.35 1.04 2.98 1.11 7.32 6.20 13.21 6.29

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.33 1.01 2.99 1.08 7.28 6.06 13.34 6.25

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.33 1.00 2.99 1.06 7.22 5.92 13.43 6.24

19926

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.29 0.94 2.97 1.04 7.08 5.73 13.40 6.10

19916

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.29 0.94 2.97 1.02 7.12 5.72 13.62 6.15

19907

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.27 0.93 2.93 1.03 6.97 5.61 13.32 6.06

19898

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.28 0.93 2.97 1.05 7.05 5.62 13.61 6.18

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.24 --- --- --- 6.93 --- --- ---

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.24 --- --- --- 6.90 --- --- ---

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.21 --- --- --- 6.81 --- --- ---

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.21 --- --- --- 6.75 --- --- ---

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19 --- --- --- 6.72 --- --- ---

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.19 --- --- --- 6.82 --- --- ---

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.18 --- --- --- 6.75 --- --- ---

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16 --- --- --- 6.81 --- --- ---

--- Data not available.

1

Births of less than 32 completed weeks of gestation.

2

Births of less than 37 completed weeks of gestation.

3

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

4

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiplerace reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; see Technical Notes. 

5

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

6

Data by Hispanic origin exclude New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin.

7

Data by Hispanic origin exclude New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

8

Data by Hispanic origin exclude New Hampshire, Oklahoma, and Louisiana, which did not report Hispanic origin.

9

Less than 1,500 grams (3 lb 4 oz).

10Less than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 oz).

—Con.
56 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 25. Preterm and low birthweight births, by age and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

Age and race and

Hispanic origin of mother

Preterm1 Low birthweight2

Percent Number Percent Number

Total Early3 Late4 Total Early3 Late4 Unknown Total Very5 Moderately6 Total Very5 Moderately6 Unknown

All races7

All ages (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.55 3.41 8.13 455,918 134,714 321,204 4,080 7.99 1.42 6.57 315,709 56,252 259,457 4,008

Under 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.85 8.31 12.54 763 304 459 12 12.54 3.27 9.27 460 120 340 3

15–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.20 4.33 8.87 40,254 13,213 27,041 415 9.33 1.67 7.66 28,473 5,109 23,364 305

15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.09 6.42 10.67 1,859 698 1,161 28 10.37 2.13 8.24 1,130 232 898 16

16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.17 5.08 10.09 3,980 1,333 2,647 36 9.62 1.58 8.04 2,526 414 2,112 19

17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.88 4.56 9.32 6,827 2,241 4,586 57 9.34 1.60 7.74 4,594 788 3,806 52

18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.19 4.38 8.80 11,234 3,735 7,499 131 9.48 1.78 7.70 8,076 1,516 6,560 99

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.25 3.90 8.35 16,354 5,206 11,148 163 9.10 1.62 7.48 12,147 2,159 9,988 119

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.48 3.43 8.05 105,154 31,400 73,754 1,134 8.24 1.43 6.81 75,442 13,101 62,341 986

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.55 3.04 7.51 118,447 34,133 84,314 1,100 7.27 1.28 5.98 81,581 14,406 67,175 1,111

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.97 3.14 7.83 111,100 31,839 79,261 853 7.47 1.33 6.14 75,662 13,456 62,206 959

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.84 3.77 9.07 60,605 17,806 42,799 425 8.59 1.60 6.99 40,521 7,529 32,992 471

40–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.10 4.89 11.21 17,618 5,349 12,269 119 11.01 2.06 8.96 12,050 2,250 9,800 153

45–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.56 8.66 16.90 1,977 670 1,307 22 19.65 3.63 16.01 1,520 281 1,239 20

Non-Hispanic white8

All ages (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.29 2.85 7.44 219,456 60,807 158,649 1,602 6.97 1.13 5.84 148,636 24,118 124,518 1,765

Under 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.21 6.73 11.48 157 58 99 4 10.85 2.89 7.97 94 25 69 –

15–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.75 3.71 8.04 14,060 4,442 9,618 120 8.33 1.41 6.92 9,968 1,683 8,285 104

15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.69 6.02 9.67 477 183 294 9 9.33 1.91 7.42 284 58 226 5

16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.91 4.36 9.55 1,143 358 785 9 8.53 1.44 7.09 701 118 583 6

17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.80 4.03 8.77 2,266 713 1,553 20 8.63 1.43 7.19 1,528 254 1,274 16

18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.95 3.91 8.04 4,040 1,322 2,718 32 8.63 1.52 7.11 2,918 515 2,403 38

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.79 3.28 7.51 6,134 1,866 4,268 50 7.98 1.30 6.68 4,537 738 3,799 39

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.17 2.85 7.33 45,162 12,629 32,533 420 7.11 1.12 5.99 31,559 4,974 26,585 368

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.47 2.59 6.88 60,700 16,601 44,099 439 6.38 1.04 5.34 40,887 6,687 34,200 499

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.89 2.67 7.22 59,594 16,068 43,526 396 6.57 1.06 5.51 39,607 6,399 33,208 503

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.54 3.13 8.41 30,192 8,184 22,008 167 7.59 1.25 6.33 19,855 3,279 16,576 216

40–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.61 4.26 10.35 8,561 2,495 6,066 42 10.06 1.61 8.45 5,890 941 4,949 65

45–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.66 7.90 16.76 1,030 330 700 14 18.56 3.11 15.45 776 130 646 10

Non-Hispanic black8

All ages (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.53 5.94 10.59 96,275 34,604 61,671 902 13.18 2.94 10.24 76,766 17,112 59,654 1,067

Under 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.38 10.88 13.50 307 137 170 4 15.99 4.67 11.32 202 59 143 –

15–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.85 6.19 10.66 11,984 4,404 7,580 155 13.45 2.72 10.73 9,570 1,935 7,635 119

15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.90 7.87 12.03 592 234 358 7 13.21 2.62 10.58 393 78 315 6

16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.91 6.97 11.94 1,188 438 750 12 13.19 2.31 10.88 829 145 684 6

17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.98 6.27 10.71 1,910 705 1,205 21 12.70 2.35 10.36 1,429 264 1,165 22

18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.81 6.18 10.63 3,300 1,213 2,087 59 14.00 2.93 11.08 2,753 575 2,178 38

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.12 5.85 10.26 4,994 1,814 3,180 56 13.44 2.82 10.62 4,166 873 3,293 47

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.66 5.51 10.15 29,312 10,307 19,005 309 13.02 2.69 10.34 24,369 5,026 19,343 335

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.69 5.54 10.15 23,447 8,274 15,173 194 12.55 2.78 9.77 18,751 4,154 14,597 275

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.92 6.13 10.79 18,225 6,604 11,621 152 13.10 3.16 9.94 14,100 3,403 10,697 200

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.02 7.09 11.93 9,790 3,649 6,141 73 14.24 3.69 10.55 7,322 1,898 5,424 100

40–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.75 8.25 13.51 2,907 1,102 1,805 13 16.68 4.34 12.34 2,226 579 1,647 31

45–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.59 12.40 17.19 303 127 176 2 22.18 5.69 16.49 226 58 168 7

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 57

Table 25. Preterm and low birthweight births, by age and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

Age and race and

Hispanic origin of mother

Preterm1 Low birthweight2

Percent Number Percent Number

Total Early3 Late4 Total Early3 Late4 Unknown Total Very5 Moderately6 Total Very5 Moderately6 Unknown

Hispanic9

All ages (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.58 3.26 8.31 104,977 29,571 75,406 775 6.97 1.22 5.75 63,190 11,071 52,119 512

Under 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.25 7.26 12.00 268 101 167 4 10.62 2.37 8.26 148 33 115 3

15–19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.22 3.71 8.51 12,546 3,812 8,734 96 7.69 1.29 6.41 7,896 1,320 6,576 64

15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.09 5.74 10.35 718 256 462 12 9.19 2.01 7.18 411 90 321 5

16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.97 4.55 9.42 1,507 491 1,016 13 8.40 1.30 7.11 907 140 767 7

17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.90 3.98 8.92 2,384 735 1,649 9 7.95 1.33 6.62 1,468 245 1,223 12

18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.95 3.61 8.35 3,406 1,028 2,378 26 7.42 1.30 6.12 2,115 371 1,744 17

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.21 3.22 7.99 4,531 1,302 3,229 36 7.41 1.17 6.24 2,995 474 2,521 23

20–24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.66 2.92 7.74 25,681 7,025 18,656 230 6.66 1.08 5.58 16,054 2,595 13,459 137

25–29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.65 2.87 7.78 26,027 7,013 19,014 195 6.30 1.08 5.23 15,406 2,637 12,769 123

30–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.68 3.29 8.39 22,532 6,346 16,186 150 6.84 1.28 5.56 13,198 2,473 10,725 101

35–39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.68 4.01 9.66 13,648 4,005 9,643 75 7.98 1.52 6.46 7,960 1,514 6,446 62

40–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.84 4.95 11.89 3,983 1,171 2,812 23 9.82 1.95 7.87 2,323 462 1,861 20

45–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.94 7.70 15.24 292 98 194 2 16.10 2.91 13.20 205 37 168 2

– Quantity zero.

1

Less than 37 completed weeks of gestation.

2

Less than 2,500 grams.

3

Less than 34 completed weeks of gestation.

4

34–36 completed weeks of gestation.

5

Less than 1,500 grams.

6

1,500–2,499 grams.

7

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

8

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. 

9

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

—Con.
58 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 26. Births, by plurality, age, and race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2012

 Plurality and race and Hispanic 

origin of mother All ages

Age of mother (years)

Under 15

15–19 

Total 15–17 18–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–54

All live births Number

All races1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 3,672 305,388 86,423 218,965 916,811 1,123,900 1,013,416 472,318 109,579 7,757

Non-Hispanic white2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134,044 866 119,757 29,003 90,754 444,300 641,377 603,041 261,885 58,627 4,191

Non-Hispanic black2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,489 1,263 71,286 20,546 50,740 187,488 149,649 107,863 51,536 13,378 1,026

Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,677 1,396 102,722 33,760 68,962 241,138 244,474 193,142 99,859 23,671 1,275

Live births in single deliveries

All races1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,816,898 3,627 300,453 85,288 215,165 895,942 1,089,044 970,747 448,229 102,715 6,141

Non-Hispanic white2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,052,331 851 117,876 28,632 89,244 434,628 620,127 574,811 246,608 54,185 3,245

Non-Hispanic black2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561,315 1,241 69,677 20,182 49,495 181,422 143,642 102,765 48,996 12,702 870

Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886,536 1,388 101,446 33,396 68,050 236,780 238,930 187,620 96,481 22,770 1,121

Live births in twin deliveries

All races1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,024 45 4,891 1,126 3,765 20,465 33,652 40,797 23,089 6,532 1,553

Non-Hispanic white2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,449 15 1,854 371 1,483 9,483 20,340 26,948 14,640 4,247 922

Non-Hispanic black2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,545 22 1,601 361 1,240 5,957 5,879 4,887 2,442 613 144

Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,505 8 1,270 358 912 4,275 5,426 5,298 3,232 853 143

Live births in triplet and

higher-order multiple deliveries4

All races1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,919 – 44 9 35 404 1,204 1,872 1,000 332 63

Non-Hispanic white2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,264 – 27 – 27 189 910 1,282 637 195 24

Non-Hispanic black2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 – 8 3 5 109 128 211 98 63 12

Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 – 6 6 – 83 118 224 146 48 11

All multiple births Rate per 1,000 live births

All races1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 12.3 16.2 13.1 17.4 22.8 31.0 42.1 51.0 62.6 208.3

Non-Hispanic white2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.3 * 15.7 12.8 16.6 21.8 33.1 46.8 58.3 75.8 225.7

Non-Hispanic black2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 17.4 22.6 17.7 24.5 32.4 40.1 47.3 49.3 50.5 152.0

Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 * 12.4 10.8 13.2 18.1 22.7 28.6 33.8 38.1 120.8

Twin births

All races1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 12.3 16.0 13.0 17.2 22.3 29.9 40.3 48.9 59.6 200.2

Non-Hispanic white2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 * 15.5 12.8 16.3 21.3 31.7 44.7 55.9 72.4 220.0

Non-Hispanic black2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 17.4 22.5 17.6 24.4 31.8 39.3 45.3 47.4 45.8 140.4

Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 * 12.4 10.6 13.2 17.7 22.2 27.4 32.4 36.0 112.2

Triplet and higher-order multiple births4 Rate per 100,000 live births

All races1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 * 14.4 * 16.0 44.1 107.1 184.7 211.7 303.0 812.2

Non-Hispanic white2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.9 * 22.5 * 29.8 42.5 141.9 212.6 243.2 332.6 572.7

Non-Hispanic black2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 * * * * 58.1 85.5 195.6 190.2 470.9 *

Hispanic3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 * * * * 34.4 48.3 116.0 146.2 202.8 *

– Quantity zero.

* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision; based on fewer than 20 births in the numerator. 

1

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

2

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. 

3

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race. 

4

Triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet, and higher-order multiple deliveries.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 59

Table 27. Twin and triplet or higher-order multiple births, by race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012

Year and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother

Total

births

Twin

births

Triplet or 

higher-order

births

Multiple

birth rate1

Twin

birth rate2

Triplet or 

higher-order

birth rate3

All races4

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 131,024 4,919 34.4 33.1 124.4

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,953,590 131,269 5,417 34.6 33.2 137.0

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,999,386 132,562 5,503 34.5 33.1 137.6

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,130,665 137,217 6,340 34.8 33.2 153.5

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,247,694 138,660 6,268 34.1 32.6 147.6

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,316,233 138,961 6,427 33.7 32.2 148.9

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,265,555 137,085 6,540 33.7 32.1 153.3

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,138,349 133,122 6,694 33.8 32.2 161.8

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,112,052 132,219 7,275 33.9 32.2 176.9

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,089,950 128,665 7,663 33.3 31.5 187.4

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,021,726 125,134 7,401 33.0 31.1 184.0

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,025,933 121,246 7,471 32.0 30.1 185.6

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,058,814 118,916 7,325 31.1 29.3 180.5

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,959,417 114,307 7,321 30.7 28.9 184.9

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,941,553 110,670 7,625 30.0 28.1 193.5

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,880,894 104,137 6,737 28.6 26.8 173.6

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,891,494 100,750 5,939 27.4 25.9 152.6

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,899,589 96,736 4,973 26.1 24.8 127.5

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,767 97,064 4,594 25.7 24.6 116.2

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000,240 96,445 4,168 25.2 24.1 104.2

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,065,014 95,372 3,883 24.4 23.5 95.5

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,110,907 94,779 3,346 23.9 23.1 81.4

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,158,212 93,865 3,028 23.3 22.6 72.8

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,040,958 90,118 2,798 23.0 22.3 69.2

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,909,510 85,315 2,385 22.4 21.8 61.0

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,809,394 81,778 2,139 22.0 21.5 56.2

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,756,547 79,485 1,814 21.6 21.2 48.3

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,760,561 77,102 1,925 21.0 20.5 51.2

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,669,141 72,949 1,653 20.3 19.9 45.1

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,638,933 72,287 1,575 20.3 19.9 43.3

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,680,537 71,631 1,484 19.9 19.5 40.3

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,629,238 70,049 1,385 19.7 19.3 38.2

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,612,258 68,339 1,337 19.3 18.9 37.0

Non-Hispanic white5

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134,044 78,449 3,264 38.3 36.8 152.9

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,146,566 78,638 3,670 38.3 36.6 171.0

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,162,406 79,728 3,842 38.6 36.9 177.7

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,212,552 81,954 4,457 39.1 37.0 201.4

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,267,817 82,903 4,493 38.5 36.6 198.1

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,310,333 83,632 4,559 38.2 36.2 197.3

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,308,640 83,108 4,805 38.1 36.0 208.1

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,279,768 82,223 4,966 38.2 36.1 217.8

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,296,683 83,346 5,590 38.7 36.3 243.4

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,321,904 81,691 5,922 37.7 35.2 255.0

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,298,156 79,949 5,754 37.3 34.8 250.4

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,326,578 77,882 5,894 36.0 33.5 253.3

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,362,968 76,018 5,821 34.6 32.2 246.3

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,346,450 73,964 5,909 34.0 31.5 251.8

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,362,462 71,270 6,206 32.8 30.2 262.8

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,333,363 67,191 5,386 31.1 28.8 230.8

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,358,989 65,523 4,885 29.8 27.8 207.1

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,382,638 62,370 4,050 27.9 26.2 170.0

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,438,855 62,476 3,721 27.1 25.6 152.6

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,472,031 61,525 3,360 26.2 24.9 135.9

19926

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,527,207 60,640 3,115 25.2 24.0 123.3

19916

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,589,878 60,904 2,612 24.5 23.5 100.9

19907

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,626,500 60,210 2,358 23.8 22.9 89.8

See footnotes at end of table.
60 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table 27. Twin and triplet or higher-order multiple births, by race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 1980–2012

Year and race and 

Hispanic origin of mother

Total

births

Twin

births

Triplet or 

higher-order

births

Multiple

birth rate1

Twin

birth rate2

Triplet or 

higher-order

birth rate3

Non-Hispanic black5

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,489 21,545 629 38.0 36.9 107.8

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582,345 21,681 634 38.3 37.2 108.9

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589,808 21,804 574 37.9 37.0 97.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609,584 23,159 644 39.0 38.0 105.6

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623,029 22,924 569 37.7 36.8 91.3

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627,191 23,101 612 37.8 36.8 97.6

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617,247 22,702 580 37.7 36.8 94.0

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,759 21,254 616 37.5 36.4 105.5

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578,772 20,605 577 36.6 35.6 99.7

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576,033 20,010 631 35.8 34.7 109.5

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578,335 20,064 591 35.7 34.7 102.2

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589,917 19,974 531 34.8 33.9 90.0

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604,346 20,173 506 34.2 33.4 83.7

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588,981 18,920 561 33.1 32.1 95.2

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593,127 18,589 518 32.2 31.3 87.3

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581,431 17,472 523 30.9 30.0 90.0

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578,099 16,873 425 29.9 29.2 73.5

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587,781 16,622 340 28.9 28.3 57.8

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619,198 17,934 357 29.5 29.0 57.7

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641,273 18,115 314 28.7 28.2 49.0

19926

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657,450 18,294 346 28.4 27.8 52.6

19916

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666,758 18,243 367 27.9 27.4 55.0

19907

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661,701 17,646 306 27.1 26.7 46.2

Hispanic8

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,677 20,505 636 23.3 22.6 70.1

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918,129 21,236 723 23.9 23.1 78.7

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945,180 21,359 721 23.4 22.6 76.3

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999,548 22,481 835 23.3 22.5 83.5

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041,239 23,266 834 23.1 22.3 80.1

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062,779 23,405 857 22.8 22.0 80.6

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039,077 22,698 787 22.6 21.8 75.7

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985,505 21,723 761 22.8 22.0 77.2

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946,349 20,351 723 22.3 21.5 76.4

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912,329 19,472 784 22.2 21.3 85.9

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876,642 18,128 737 21.5 20.7 84.1

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851,851 17,257 710 21.1 20.3 83.3

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815,868 16,470 659 21.0 20.2 80.8

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764,339 15,388 583 20.9 20.1 76.3

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734,661 15,015 553 21.2 20.4 75.3

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709,767 13,821 516 20.2 19.5 72.7

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701,339 13,014 409 19.1 18.6 58.3

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679,768 12,685 355 19.2 18.7 52.2

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665,026 12,206 348 18.9 18.4 52.3

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654,418 12,294 321 19.3 18.8 49.1

19926

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643,271 11,932 239 18.9 18.5 37.2

19916

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623,085 11,356 235 18.6 18.2 37.7

19907

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595,073 10,713 235 18.4 18.0 39.5

1

The number of live births in all multiple deliveries per 1,000 live births.

2

The number of live births in twin deliveries per 1,000 live births.

3

The number of live births in triplet and other higher-order deliveries per 100,000 live births.

4

Includes races other than white and black and origin not stated.

5

Race and Hispanic origin are reported separately on birth certificates. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget 

standards. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia reported multiple-race data for 2012 that were bridged to single-race categories for comparability with other states; see Technical Notes. Multiplerace reporting areas vary for 2003–2012; see Technical Notes. 

6

Excludes data for New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin.

7

Excludes data for New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin.

8

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

—Con.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 61

Technical Notes

Data source

Data shown in this report for 2012 are based on 100% of 

the birth certificates filed in all states and the District of Columbia 

(DC). The data are provided to the Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through 

the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program (VSCP). Information on 

the percentage of records with missing information for maternal 

and infant characteristics included in this report is shown by state 

in Table I. Methodological and measurement information for these 

characteristics is available in the “User Guide to the 2012 Natality 

Public Use File” (13).

1989 and 2003 revisions of the U.S. Standard 

Certificate of Live Birth

This report includes 2012 data on items that are collected 

on both the 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live 

Birth (unrevised) and the 2003 revision (revised). The 2003 revision 

is described in detail elsewhere (5,6). Thirty-eight states, DC, and 

three territories implemented the revised birth certificate as of 

January 1, 2012: California, Colorado, Delaware, DC, Florida, Georgia, 

Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, 

Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, 

Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, 

North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, 

South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, 

Wisconsin, Wyoming, Guam, the Northern Marianas, and Puerto Rico. 

The 38 revised states and DC represent 86% of all 2012 U.S. births. 

One state (Virginia) implemented the revised birth certificate in 2012, 

but after January 1.

This report presents information on selected data items 

comparable between the 1989 and 2003 birth certificate revisions. 

Information on topics comparable between revisions but not 

presented in this report (e.g., day of birth, month of birth, and 

congenital anomalies) can be found in the Internet tables and in the 

“User’s Guide” public-use file for each data year (4). Information on 

key data items not comparable between the 1989 and 2003 birth 

certificate revisions—educational attainment, prenatal care, tobacco 

use during pregnancy, and type of cesarean and vaginal delivery—

is included in the “User Guide” (13) for revised states. Beginning 

with the 2011 data file, data for these key noncomparable items for 

unrevised states are no longer included in the natality public-use data 

file. Recent reports and data releases present 2009, 2010, and 2011 

information on items not previously available from NCHS (e.g., use 

of infertility therapies, WIC food, source of payment for the delivery, 

maternal morbidity, and breastfeeding). Information on these items 

as well as other items that are exclusive to the 2003 birth certificate 

revision (e.g., prepregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes, external 

cephalic version, epidural or spinal anesthesia, and trial of labor) is 

presented in the “User Guide” (13). Beginning with the 2007 data 

file, items exclusive to the 1989 certificate revision (e.g., maternal 

anemia, ultrasound, and alcohol use) are not included in the natality 

public-use data files. 

Age of mother

Age of mother is computed in most cases from the mother’s 

and infant’s dates of birth as reported on the birth certificate. The 

mother’s age is directly reported by one state (Virginia, before April, 

2012) and territory (American Samoa). From 1964 through 1996, 

mother’s age was edited for a range of 10–49 years. Births reported 

as occurring to mothers under age 10 or over age 49 are assigned 

the average age of mothers based on a previous year with the same 

race, Hispanic origin, and total birth order (total of live births and fetal 

deaths). Beginning in 1997, age of mother was imputed for ages 9 

and under and 55 and over. This procedure was used through 2006 

for births in states using the 1989 certificate. Beginning in 2003 for 

births occurring in revised states, a wider age range has been used—

age of mother is imputed for ages 8 and under and 65 and over 

(mothers aged 9 are recoded as aged 10). Starting in 2007, the same 

procedures have been used for states using the 1989 certificate. A 

review and verification of unedited data for several years including 

2007 showed that the vast majority of births reported as occurring to 

women aged 50 and over were to women aged 50–54. In this report, 

the final age group shown in the tables (45–49, 45–54, or 50–54) 

includes births to mothers up to age 64.

The numbers of births to women aged 50 and over have been 

too small historically to compute age-specific birth rates. These births 

have been included with births to women aged 45–49 for computing 

birth rates. In 2012, age of mother was not reported on 0.01% of 

the records (by occurrence); for these records, age of mother was 

imputed according to the last record with the same race and total 

birth order.

Hispanic origin and race

Hispanic origin

Hispanic origin and race are reported separately on the birth 

certificate. Data are shown in most cases for five specified Hispanic 

groups: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, 

and other and unknown Hispanic. In tabulations of birth data by 

race and Hispanic origin, data for persons of Hispanic origin are 

not further classified by race because the vast majority of births to 

Hispanic women are reported as white. In tabulations of birth data 

by race only, data for persons of Hispanic origin are included in the 

data for each race group according to the mother’s reported race. 

In tabulations that include Hispanic origin, data for non-Hispanic 

persons are classified according to the race of the mother, due to 

substantial differences in fertility and maternal and infant health 

characteristics between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. 

Items asking for the Hispanic origin of the mother and the father 

have been included on the birth certificates of all states, DC, Virgin 

Islands, and Guam since 1993, on the birth certificate of Puerto 

Rico starting in 2005, and Northern Marianas starting in 2010 (13). 

American Samoa does not collect this information. 

The Hispanic origin question on the 2003 revision of the birth 

certificate asks respondents to select only one response. Occasionally, 

however, more than one Hispanic origin response is given, that is, a 

specified Hispanic group (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or Central 

and South American) in combination with one or more other specified 

Hispanic group. When this occurs, all responses are collected. 
62 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

In 2012, 0.4% of births in the revised-state reporting area and in 

Rhode Island (unrevised states that also reported more than one 

Hispanic origin response) were to women reporting more than one 

Hispanic origin. Respondents who select more than one Hispanic 

origin on the birth certificate are classified as “other Hispanic.” These 

procedures have been in place since the first revision year, 2003. The 

Hispanic origin question on the 1989 revision of the birth certificate 

also offers the opportunity to report more than one origin; however, 

NCHS processing guidelines for unrevised data allow only for coding 

the first Hispanic origin listed.

Women who report more than one Hispanic origin on the 2003 

revised birth certificate are included in the category “other and 

unknown Hispanic”; however, the American Community Survey 

(ACS) (41), on which the 2012 population denominators are based, 

randomly assigns respondents who report more than one Hispanic 

origin to a single origin only. [The Current Population Survey (CPS), on 

which the population denominators before 2010 are based, queried 

respondents who reported more than one Hispanic origin to obtain a 

single origin only (42)]. As a result, the population-based rates shown 

in this report for “other Hispanic” women are higher (about 6%) than 

if births to women reporting more than one Hispanic origin were 

excluded from this category. 

Change in births to other and unknown Hispanic women—

The number of births to other and unknown Hispanic women 

increased 3%, from 131,060 in 2011 to 135,482 in 2012. This 

number rose each year from 2005 through 2012. Factors that may 

have influenced this rise are not clear, but may include less specificity 

in respondent reporting of Hispanic origin (e.g., “Hispanic” in lieu of 

“Mexican” or “Puerto Rican”), increases in the number of multipleHispanic reporting areas, and increases in the populations of groups 

included in the “other Hispanic” category. 

The 38 revised states, DC, and Rhode Island accounted for 89% 

of Hispanic births in the United States in 2012. The percentage of 

records for which Hispanic origin of the parents was not reported in 

2012 is shown by state in Table I. For additional information on the 

reporting of Hispanic origin, see the “User Guide” (13). 

Single, multiple, and ‘‘bridged’’ race of mother 

and father

In 1997, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued 

Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data 

on Race and Ethnicity, which revised the 1977 Race and Ethnic 

Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting (14,43). 

These documents specify guidelines for collecting, tabulating, and 

presenting race and ethnicity data within the federal statistical 

system. The 1997 revised standards incorporated two major changes 

designed to reflect the changing racial and ethnic profile of the United 

States. First, the revision increased from four to five the minimum 

set of categories to be used by federal agencies for identification 

of race. The 1977 standards required federal agencies to report 

race-specific tabulations using a minimum set of four single-race 

categories: American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian or Pacific 

Islander (API), black, and white. The five categories for race specified 

in the 1997 standards are: AIAN, Asian, black or African American, 

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI), and white. The 

revised standards called for reporting Asian persons separately from 

NHOPI persons. Second, the revised standards also require federal 

data collection programs to allow respondents to select one or more 

race category. 

Beginning with the 2000 decennial census, the U.S. Census 

Bureau collected race and ethnicity data in accordance with the 

1997 revised standards; however, the National Vital Statistics 

System, which is based on data collected by the states, will not be 

fully compliant with the new standards until all of the states revise 

their birth certificates to reflect the new standards. Thus, beginning 

with the 2000 data year, the numerators (births) for birth rates are 

incompatible with the denominators (populations); see “Population 

denominators.” To compute rates, it is necessary to “bridge” 

population data for multiple-race persons to single-race categories. 

This has been done for birth rates by race presented in this report. 

Once all states revise their birth registration systems to be compliant 

with the 1997 OMB standards, the use of bridged populations can be 

discontinued. 

Forty-one states and DC, which represent 90% of all U.S. resident 

births, reported multiple-race data in 2012. Multiple-race reporting 

areas include: the 39 revised or partially revised states (see “1989 

and 2003 revisions of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth”), DC, 

Guam, and Northern Marianas, which used the 2003 revision of the 

U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth; as well as Hawaii and Rhode 

Island, which used the 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate 

of Live Birth but collected multiple-race data comparable to data of 

the states using the revised certificate. Puerto Rico, which revised 

its birth certificate in 2005, reported race according to the 1989 

certificate revision. 

Slightly more than 2% of mothers in the states reported more 

than one race (13). Prior to 2012, the multiple-race reporting states 

varied; 6 states reported more than one race in 2003, 15 states in 

2004, 19 states in 2005, 23 states in 2006, 27 states in 2007, 30 

states in 2008, 33 states and DC in 2009, 38 states and DC in 2010, 

and 40 states and DC in 2011. 

Data from the vital records of the remaining nine states and 

two territories followed the 1977 OMB standards in which only a 

single race is reported (43). In addition, these areas also reported 

the minimum set of four races as stipulated in the 1977 standards 

compared with the minimum of five races for the 1997 standards. 

To provide uniformity and comparability of data during the 

transition period before multiple-race data are available for all 

reporting areas, bridging the responses of those who reported more 

than one race to a single race is necessary. The bridging procedure 

for multiple-race mothers and fathers is based on the procedure 

used to bridge multiracial population estimates; see “Population 

denominators” (44). Multiple race is imputed to a single race (AIAN, 

API, black, or white) according to the combination of races, Hispanic 

origin, sex, and age of the mother or father indicated on the birth 

certificate. The imputation procedure is described in detail elsewhere 

(45,46). 

Where race of the mother is not reported, if the race of the 

father is known, the race of the father is assigned to the mother. 

When information is not available for either parent, the race of the 

mother is imputed according to the specific race of the mother on 

the preceding record with a known race of mother; see the “User 

Guide” (13). In 2012, race of mother was imputed for 5.8% of births 

(by occurrence). 
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 63

Table I. Percentage of birth records on which specified items were not stated: United States, each state and territory, New York City, 

and the District of Columbia, 2012

[By place of residence]

Items common to both the 1989 and 2003 revisions of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth

Area All births Place of birth

Attendant at 

birth

Mother’s 

birthplace Father’s age Father’s race

 Hispanic origin

Mother Father

Total reporting area1

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,841 0.0 0.1 0.4 12.8 19.0 0.8 14.2

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,448 – 0.0 0.2 18.7 19.4 0.0 18.7

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,187 0.1 1.0 0.5 11.7 14.3 6.0 18.3

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,441 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 14.4 0.2 13.8

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,347 – 0.1 1.1 20.0 23.0 0.2 20.3

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503,755 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.5 11.4 2.2 8.9

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,187 0.0 0.0 0.1 7.6 11.9 1.7 9.1

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,539 – 0.1 0.3 10.9 12.7 0.2 11.0

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,023 – 0.1 1.5 23.6 31.5 0.1 34.1

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,399 – 0.0 0.6 22.8 33.4 0.3 22.9

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,148 0.0 0.0 0.3 15.2 25.0 0.7 16.6

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,280 0.0 0.0 1.2 14.8 26.2 1.8 20.0

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,980 – 0.1 0.1 7.1 10.8 0.1 7.1

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,963 0.0 0.0 0.4 9.7 17.2 0.3 11.7

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,160 0.0 0.1 0.2 13.4 16.4 0.5 14.9

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,227 0.0 0.0 0.4 12.8 18.0 0.1 15.1

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,702 – 0.0 0.6 13.5 18.8 0.0 15.4

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,341 – – 0.1 10.9 15.0 0.1 10.3

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,758 0.0 0.0 0.4 17.5 21.3 0.1 17.2

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,642 – 0.1 0.0 16.7 21.5 0.1 16.6

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,798 – – 0.0 9.2 9.8 0.4 10.5

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,883 0.0 0.2 0.4 12.1 24.0 0.2 16.9

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,439 – 0.0 0.0 8.4 11.2 1.0 3.5

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,091 0.0 0.0 0.2 15.6 18.5 0.3 15.9

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,772 – 0.2 0.1 8.4 17.4 0.4 8.7

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,669 – 0.0 0.1 21.2 21.7 0.1 21.6

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,446 0.0 0.0 0.4 15.8 18.5 0.5 18.5

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,118 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 11.1 0.7 9.0

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,942 0.0 0.0 0.1 12.1 22.5 0.0 13.1

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,911 0.0 0.0 0.5 13.6 18.8 0.5 15.4

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,352 – 0.0 0.0 8.2 10.0 0.9 8.1

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,230 0.0 0.0 0.1 7.6 11.2 0.3 8.2

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,068 – 0.1 0.3 18.4 24.9 1.5 22.1

New York (excluding NYC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,354 0.0 0.1 0.0 10.4 16.6 0.8 11.3

New York City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,562 0.0 0.0 0.2 10.9 19.4 2.4 14.8

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,831 – 0.3 0.4 16.6 27.1 0.1 16.6

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,106 – – 0.7 8.0 11.4 1.3 10.1

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,483 0.0 0.0 0.5 17.6 20.5 0.4 17.9

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,751 – 0.0 0.1 13.2 20.0 0.2 15.9

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,067 – – 0.1 9.0 15.2 0.5 10.0

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,514 – 0.0 3.6 8.6 14.8 0.8 8.3

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,926 – – 0.2 12.1 29.2 2.7 14.0

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,155 – 0.1 0.2 25.3 29.8 0.4 25.7

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,104 – 0.0 0.1 10.5 12.4 0.2 10.7

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,371 – 0.0 0.2 16.6 23.4 0.0 16.6

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382,727 0.0 0.0 0.1 14.2 24.3 0.1 14.3

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,465 – 0.0 0.2 6.3 16.9 2.2 8.5

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,009 0.0 – 0.0 7.5 10.7 0.6 10.4

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,013 0.0 0.0 0.3 12.3 17.0 0.1 12.8

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,463 – 0.0 0.6 9.1 21.2 1.2 13.3

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,827 0.0 0.0 0.2 12.5 14.7 0.5 14.7

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,295 0.0 0.0 0.1 29.1 38.1 0.2 36.9

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,572 – 0.0 0.2 12.9 19.0 0.9 16.7

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,900 0.1 0.8 0.1 4.1 5.6 0.0 4.2

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415 2.3 0.4 2.1 26.6 31.7 1.7 63.3

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,590 0.7 0.6 0.4 23.1 29.4 1.5 27.4

American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,163 – – 3.2 40.7 40.8 --- ---

Northern Marianas2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 0.5 31.2 0.6 8.4 9.3 97.4 95.1

See footnotes at end of table.
64 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table I. Percentage of birth records on which specified items were not stated: United States, each state and territory, New York City, 

and the District of Columbia, 2012—Con.

[By place of residence]

Area

Items common to both the 1989 and 2003 revisions of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth

Live-birth order

Number of 

prenatal visits Weight gain

Period of 

gestation Birthweight

5-minute Apgar 

score

Method of 

delivery3

Total reporting area1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 3.1 4.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 5.9 8.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.5

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 2.2 6.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.6

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 2.4 5.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 1.4 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 1.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 4.6 5.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 2.1 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 13.4 15.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.6 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.6 3.9 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 –

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 1.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 2.9 3.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.4 4.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 4.6 9.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 2.7 4.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.3 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 8.8 5.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.6

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 2.0 3.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 –

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.3 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.2 –

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 17.2 2.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.7 8.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 –

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.2 6.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0

New York (excluding NYC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 4.6 4.7 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5

New York City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.9 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 2.4 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 –

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 7.7 8.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 4.7 2.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 4.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 5.1 14.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.2

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 4.8 16.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 2.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 –

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 6.1 5.7 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.0

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 –

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.7 15.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 7.2 5.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 –

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.6 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 4.7 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 –

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 4.1

Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 13.6 46.1 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.5

Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 18.7 28.9 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.9

American Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – --- --- --- --- --- ---

Northern Marianas2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 12.8 53.9 3.2 0.7 5.0 ---

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

– Quantity zero.

--- Data not available.

1

Excludes data for Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas.

2

Several items for Northern Marianas have high percentages for “not stated”; these data should be used with caution [see “User Guide to the 2012 Natality Public Use File” (reference 13)].

3

Not stated levels for states that implemented the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth are derived from the item “Method of Delivery” only.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 65

Beginning with the 1989 data year, NCHS started tabulating its 

birth data primarily by race of mother. In 1988 and prior years, births 

were tabulated by race of child, which was determined from the race 

of the parents as entered on the birth certificate (13). 

Trend data by race shown in this report are by race of mother for 

all years beginning with the 1980 data year. Text references to white 

births and white mothers or to black births and black mothers are 

used interchangeably for ease in writing.

For detailed information and discussion on race of mother and 

father, see the “User Guide” (13).

Marital status, attendant and place of birth, 

pregnancy risk factors, method of delivery, and 

gestational age

For information and discussion on data quality of attendant 

and place of birth, pregnancy risk factors, method of delivery, and 

gestational age, see the “User Guide” (13).

Birthweight

Birthweight is reported in some areas in pounds and ounces 

rather than in grams; however, the metric system has been used in 

tabulating and presenting the statistics to facilitate comparison with 

data published by other groups. Equivalents of the gram weights in 

terms of pounds and ounces are presented below: 

Less than 500 grams = 1 lb. 1 oz. or less

500–999 grams = 1 lb. 2 oz.–2 lb. 3 oz.

1,000–1,499 grams = 2 lb. 4 oz.–3 lb. 4 oz.

1,500–1,999 grams = 3 lb. 5 oz.–4 lb. 6 oz.

2,000–2,499 grams = 4 lb. 7 oz.–5 lb. 8 oz.

2,500–2,999 grams = 5 lb. 9 oz.–6 lb. 9 oz.

3,000–3,499 grams = 6 lb. 10 oz.–7 lb. 11 oz.

3,500–3,999 grams = 7 lb. 12 oz.–8 lb. 13 oz.

4,000–4,499 grams = 8 lb. 14 oz.–9 lb. 14 oz.

4,500–4,999 grams = 9 lb. 15 oz.–11 lb. 0 oz.

5,000 grams or more = 11 lb. 1 oz. or more

Computations of percentages, percent 

distributions, and means

For information and discussion on computations of percentages, 

percent distributions, and means, see the “User Guide” (13).

Population denominators

2012 population estimates 

The birth and fertility rates for 2012 shown in Tables A–C, 1, 

3–5, 7–9, 12–14, and 17 are based on populations estimated from 

the 2010 census as of July 1, 2012. These populations are shown 

in Table II. The population estimates have been provided by the U.S. 

Census Bureau (47), and they are based on the 2010 census counts 

by age, sex, and race, which have been modified for consistency with 

1977 OMB race categories and historical categories for birth data. 

The modification procedures are described in detail elsewhere (44).

The birth and fertility rates by state shown in Table 12 are 

based on state-level population counts, which are based on the 2010 

census provided by the U.S. Census Bureau (47). Birth and fertility 

rates shown in Table 12 for the territories except Puerto Rico are 

based on population estimates provided by the U.S. Census Bureau’s 

International Data Base (48). [Rates for Puerto Rico are based on 

population estimates from the 2010 census as of July 1, 2012, and 

are provided by the U.S. Census Bureau (49)].

Rates by state and territory shown in this report may differ from 

rates computed on the basis of other population estimates; rates for 

smaller population subgroups, such as those for teen mothers, may 

be particularly affected by differences in population estimates. Birth 

and fertility rates by month shown in Table I–2 are based on monthly 

population estimates for 2012, which are also based on 2010 census 

estimates. Rates for unmarried women shown in Tables 15 and 

16 are based on distributions of the population by marital status 

averaged over a 3-year period for 2011–2013. These distributions 

were reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in the March CPS for each 

year (50–52), and have been adjusted to July 1, 2012 (2010 census) 

population levels (47) by NCHS’ Division of Vital Statistics (DVS) (53). 

Population estimates for the specific Hispanic groups

Beginning in 2011, birth and fertility rates for the Hispanic 

population groups (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South 

American, and other Hispanic populations) shown in Tables 5, 7, 8, 

and 14 are based on population estimates derived from the 1-year 

ACS (54), and are adjusted to the U.S. resident population control 

totals by the U.S. Census Bureau. Rates for the specific Hispanic 

population groups prior to 2010 shown in this report are based on 

population estimates derived from CPS and adjusted to the U.S. 

resident population control totals by the U.S. Census Bureau or by 

DVS (see “Revised population estimates”). The switch to the ACSbased rates was made because ACS estimates are more statistically 

reliable and represent the entire U.S. population. ACS estimates 

are based on an approximate 3 million annual sample of the U.S. 

population, including all households (civilian and military) and the 

institutionalized population (persons living in group quarters) (55). 

CPS estimates are based on an approximate 200,000 sample of 

the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population (56). The larger ACS 

sample makes it possible to show rates in this report in more detail 

than in previous years, especially for Cuban and Puerto Rican women. 

The 2012 population estimates are derived from the 2012 1-year 

ACS and are adjusted according to the (2010-based) postcensal 

estimates of the total population for July 1, 2012. The 2010 and birth 

and fertility rates for the specific Hispanic population groups were 

also revised using ACS-based population estimates.

Total population estimates for Hispanic groups in 2012 are 

presented in Table II. More information about the populations for 

Hispanic groups is presented elsewhere (13).

Revised population estimates

Birth and fertility rates by race for 2001–2009 shown in this 

report have been modified according to revised intercensal population 

estimates based on the 2000 and 2010 censuses, to provide more 

accurate rates for the period (57). A full series of revised rates 

by state, by live-birth order, and by age for 2001–2009 based on 

these revised population estimates is available upon request. These 

revised rates may differ from the intercensal rates published in 
66 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013

Table II. Estimated total population, by race and Hispanic origin, specified Hispanic origin group, and estimated female population, 

by age, race and Hispanic origin, and specified Hispanic origin of woman, and standard errors by age and specified Hispanic origin 

group: United States, 2012

[Populations estimated as of July 1]

Race and Hispanic origin

Total 

population 

Female population

15–44

years

10–14

years

15–19 years

20–24

years

25–29

years

30–34

years

35–39

years

40–44

Total years

15–17

years

 18–19

years

All races and origins . . . . . . . . . 313,914,040 62,744,930 10,102,004 10,397,841 6,136,924 4,260,917 11,033,747 10,553,440 10,417,089 9,773,586 10,569,227

White

Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,224,553 47,641,985 7,675,985 7,880,357 4,667,986 3,212,371 8,295,683 8,008,632 7,884,217 7,407,546 8,165,550

Non-Hispanic2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,698,847 36,750,263 5,633,622 5,905,231 3,487,889 2,417,342 6,381,206 6,194,866 6,059,124 5,665,167 6,544,669

Black

Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,203,092 9,734,110 1,670,741 1,759,361 1,019,768 739,593 1,862,743 1,603,612 1,567,194 1,438,440 1,502,760

Non-Hispanic2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,391,388 9,054,116 1,539,034 1,635,339 945,736 689,603 1,731,526 1,482,708 1,450,157 1,338,520 1,415,866

American Indian or 

Alaska Native

Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,398,436 981,548 184,693 185,551 109,243 76,308 185,681 166,357 158,510 143,811 141,638

Asian or Pacific Islander

Total1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,087,959 4,387,287 570,585 572,572 339,927 232,645 689,640 774,839 807,168 783,789 759,279

Hispanic3

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,027,708 12,203,306 2,297,907 2,218,259 1,325,174 893,085 2,163,324 2,043,553 2,048,526 1,936,896 1,792,748

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,038,605

(42,398)

7,858,000

(19,583)

1,607,660

(11,536)

1,500,980

(6,678)

903,390

(4,382)

597,590

(5,038)

1,409,235

(7,235)

1,297,945

(7,228)

1,297,520

(6,734)

1,235,480

(9,591)

1,116,840

(9,847)

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,970,590

(21,930)

1,154,100

(10,131)

219,480

(4,280)

216,805

(3,950)

122,475

(3,035)

94,330

(2,528)

220,030

(4,623)

188,925

(4,699)

189,685

(3,870)

170,435

(3,748)

168,220

(3,813)

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957,555

(14,069)

383,175

(6,294)

52,230

(2,462)

60,555

(2,234)

32,840

(1,593)

27,715

(1,566)

68,345

(2,098)

65,670

(3,428)

57,545

(1,905)

62,710

(2,559)

68,350

(2,881)

Other Hispanic4

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,994,240

(36,981)

2,817,785

(18,059)

432,835

(7,442)

445,885

(6,876)

255,125

(5,181)

190,760

(4,520)

473,495

(7,639)

468,210

(7,332)

506,255

(7,703)

470,960

(7,577)

452,980

(7,072)

1

Persons of Hispanic origin are included for this race group.

2

Persons of non-Hispanic origin may be of any race.

3

Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race.

4

Includes Central and South American and other and unknown Hispanic.

NOTES: Population count estimates are based on the 2010 census; see Technical Notes. Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget standards. Multiple-race 

population estimates were bridged to the single-race categories for comparability with the birth data; see Technical Notes. Population estimates for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and Other 

Hispanic, which includes Central and South American and other and unknown Hispanic, are based on the American Community Survey adjusted to resident population control totals (the 2010-based 

population estimates for the United States for July 1, 2012). Population estimates for Hispanic total are based on the 2010 census, as of July 1, 2012. Population estimates by specified Hispanic origin in 

this table may not add to population estimates for total Hispanic. Standard errors are shown in parentheses below each population estimate. 

SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau; see references 47 and 54.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 62, No. 9, December 30, 2013 67

“Births: Final Data for 2010,” the original rates published in “Births: 

Final Data for 2009,” and earlier reports that were based on 2000 

postcensal population estimates (58,59). Differences in the revised 

rates compared with intercensal rates are slight, and vary by age and 

race and Hispanic origin population group. 

The populations by race used in this report were produced under 

a collaborative arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau and are 

based on the 2010 census counts. Reflecting the new OMB guidelines 

issued in 1997, the 2010 census (and 2000 census) included an 

option for persons to report more than one race as appropriate for 

themselves and household members (14). In addition, the 1997 OMB 

guidelines called for the reporting of Asian persons separately from 

NHOPI persons. In the 1977 OMB guidelines, data for API persons 

were collected as a single group (43). For the nonmultiple-race 

reporting areas (nine states, American Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands, 

and Puerto Rico), birth certificates currently report only one race for 

each parent in the categories specified in the 1977 OMB guidelines 

(see “Hispanic origin and race”). In addition, birth certificate data 

for the states using the 1989 birth certificate revision do not report 

Asian persons separately from NHOPI persons. Thus, birth certificate 

data by race (the numerators for birth and fertility rates) currently are 

incompatible with the population data collected in the 2010 census 

(the denominators for the rates). 

To produce birth and fertility rates for 1991 through 2012, the 

reported population data for multiple-race persons were bridged 

to single-race categories. In addition, the 2010 (and 2000) census 

counts were modified to be consistent with the 1977 OMB race 

categories, that is, to report the data for Asian and NHOPI persons as 

the combined category of API (47). The procedures used to produce 

the bridged populations are described in a separate publication (44). 

Revised intercensal population estimates for the specified 

Hispanic groups from 2001 through 2009 used in this report are not 

currently available from the U.S. Census Bureau, and rates have been 

recalculated using intercensal population estimates prepared by DVS. 

The population estimates were produced by applying proportions 

derived from the 2000-based population estimates (according to 

year, sex, and age for the specified Hispanic population groups) to 

the 2010-based population of Hispanic females by age group, and by 

adjusting the sum of the population estimates to be consistent with 

the total population of Hispanic females by age (2010 based). These 

population estimates are available upon request from NCHS (Births@

cdc.gov). 

The population data used to compile birth and fertility rates 

by race and ethnicity shown in this report are based on special 

estimation procedures and are not actual counts. This is the case 

even for the 2000 and 2010 populations that are based on the 2000 

and 2010 censuses. As a result, the estimation procedures used 

to develop these populations may contain some errors. Smaller 

populations, like AIAN, are likely to be affected much more than 

larger populations by potential measurement error (44). Although the 

nature and magnitude of error is unknown, the potential for error 

should be considered when evaluating trends and differentials. As 

more accurate information becomes available, further revisions to 

the estimates may be necessary. For additional information and 

discussion on the population denominators, see the “User Guide” 

(13).

Computation of rates

For information and discussion on computations of rates, see 

the “User Guide” (13).

Random variation and significance testing for 

natality data 

For information and discussion on random variation and 

significance testing for natality data, see the 2010 “User Guide” (13).

For information and discussion on random variation and 

significance testing for birth and fertility rates for Mexican, Puerto 

Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and other Hispanic 

populations based on ACS population estimates, see the “User 

Guide” (13).

Definitions of medical terms

For definitions and discussion of maternal and infant health 

characteristics, see ‘‘Guide to Completing the Facility Worksheets for 

the Certificate of Live Birth and Report of Fetal Death’’ (60).
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Contents

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1989 and 2003 revisions of U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Demographic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Births and birth rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Age of mother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Live-birth order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Total fertility rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Births and birth rates by state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Birth rates for teenagers by state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Births to unmarried women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Age of father . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Maternal Lifestyle and Health Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Medical services utilization ........................................... 8

Infant Health Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Period of gestation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Birthweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Multiple births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

List of Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

List of Internet Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared under the general direction of Delton Atkinson, Director of 

the Division of Vital Statistics (DVS); and Amy Branum, Chief of the Reproductive 

Statistics Branch (RSB). Nicholas F. Pace, Chief of the Systems, Programming, and 

Statistical Resources Branch (SPSRB); and Steve J. Steimel, Annie S. Liu, and Li Lu 

provided computer programming support and statistical tables. Sharon Kirmeyer and 

Marie E. Thoma also provided statistical tables and content review. Steve J. Steimel and 

Annie S. Liu of SPSRB prepared the natality file. The Data Acquisition and Evaluation 

Branch staff of DVS evaluated quality of and acceptance procedures for the state data 

files on which this report is based. The Registration Methods staff of DVS consulted 

with state vital statistics offices regarding the collection of birth certificate data. This 

report was edited and produced by NCHS Office of Information Services, Information 

Design and Publishing Staff: Danielle Woods edited the report; production was done by 

Kyung Park, Jacqueline Davis, and Dorothy Day; and graphics were produced by 

Odell Eldridge (contractor).

Suggested Citation

Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, et al. Births: Final 

data for 2012. National vital statistics reports; vol 62 no 

9. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 

2013.

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain 

and may be reproduced or copied without permission; 

citation as to source, however, is appreciated.

National Center for Health Statistics

Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., M.B.A., Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for 

Science

Division of Vital Statistics

Delton Atkinson, M.P.H., M.P.H., P.M.P., Director