AiiiDt 3a774J . -2228 (NBS)

The Corrosion Behavior of

Selected Stainless Steels in Soil

Environments

W. F. Gerhold, E. Escalante, and B. T. Sanderson

Chemical Stability and Corrosion Division

Center for Materials Science

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

February 1981

Prepared for

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81-2228

1981

A -~<*rican Iron and Steel Institute

3 16th Street, N.W.

lington, DC 20036

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APR 3 '981

NBSIR 81-2228 (NBS)

THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF

SELECTED STAINLESS STEELS IN SOIL

W. F. Gerhold, E. Escalante, and B. T. Sanderson

Chemical Stability and Corrosion Division

Center for Materials Science

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

February 1981

DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED

ENVIRONMENTS

A/

Prepared for American Iron and Steel Institute

1000 16th Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20036

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
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A. INTRODUCTION

Stainless steels* have been successfully used in limited applications

(such as for pipe clamps on cast-iron sewer lines) in soil environments

for many years. In recent years, other applications in use or under

test include ground rods, transformer cases, submerged switches, underground residential distribution equipment, gas lines [1, 2], water

lines, caskets, culverts, residential sewage disposal systems, etc.

Corrosion data for selected annealed, unstressed austenitic, martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, buried in various soils, have been

reported in NBS Circular 579 [3]. Tests conducted for 14 years in

various soils in the United States by NBS showed that austenitic Type

304 (containing Ni) and Type 316 (containing Ni and Mo) stainless steels

were highly resistant to both pitting corrosion and general attack.

Type 304 was susceptible to pitting corrosion in certain highly aggressive

soils, while Type 316 was relatively unaffected by corrosion. The

martensitic Type 410 (12% Cr) and the ferritic Type 430 (17% Cr) stainless

steels were found to be fully resistant in only one-third of those soils

where they were exposed. Branch [1] and Steinmetz and Hoxie [2] have

reported on the suitability of stainless steels for some underground

uses. Stress corrosion cracking has not been reported to be a problem

with Types 304 or 316 in actual underground applications [1]. In a 2

year exposure to various soils in and around Baltimore, Maryland, Type

304 gas service lines [50 for a total length of 1 mile (1.61 km)] were

*The term "stainless steel" is broadly used in industry to describe a number of different alloys of widely varying composition, corrosion

resistance, mechanical properties and microstructures. The essential

alloying element added to iron to form stainless steels is chromium,

which is present from 10-30 percent. In many stainless steels, additional alloying elements are used such as nickel and/or molybdenum to

enhance corrosion resistance.
reported to have suffered no corrosion effects [2]. However, one of

these lines had failed after a little over five years of service in an

area close to a road where deicing salts were used. Because of the

critical nature of the service, it was decided to cathodically protect

the remaining lines [4].

In order to evaluate more fully the corrosion and stress corrosion

behavior of some of the different types of stainless steels considered

for use in soil environments, NBS in cooperation with the Committee of

Stainless Steel Producers, American Iron and Steel Institute, initiated

in 1970 a soil burial program in corrosive soils utilizing 9 stainless

steels in both the annealed and cold worked conditions with various

treatments. Test specimens incorporated welds, crevices, galvanic

couples and specimens which had been sensitized to induce carbide precipitation. In 1971 and in 1972, this program was expanded to include

additional stainless steels. The results obtained for specimens buried

in the soils for up to 4 years were reported in 1976 [5]. This report

contains the results obtained for specimens buried at the NBS soil test

sites for up to 8 years.

B. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1_. Soils at NBS Test Sites

Some of the properties of the soils at the NBS test sites are given

in Table 1. The relative corrosivity of these soils on plain carbon

steel is shown in Fig. 1. However, the corrosivity of these soils

towards stainless steels may not necessarily be the same as with carbon

steel. The following are detailed descriptions of the soils at the test

sites which have been selected by NBS from 128 test sites previously

evaluated to represent the range of soil properties having a bearing on

the corrosivity of metals in soils:
-3-

Sagemoor Sandy Loam ( Site A) is a well -drained alkaline soil with

a resistivity of 400 ohm-cm and a pH of 8.8 and is typical of that found

in vast areas of eastern Washington and Oregon. The site is located on

the Yakima Indian Reservation near Toppenish, Washington. The soil is

consistent in composition to a depth of at least 7 feet (2.13 m) and

supports an abundant growth of sage-brush.

Hagerstown Loam ( Site B) is a well-drained soil representative of

the majority of well -developed soils found in the eastern part of the

United States. The site is located at the Loch Raven Reservoir of the

Baltimore Water Department. The soil consists of a brown loam about 1

foot (0.30 m) deep, underlain by reddish-brown clay that extends about 5

feet (1.52 m) or more to underlying rock. The soil has a resistivity in

the range of 12,600 to 37,300 ohm-cm and a pH of 5.3. Practically all

of the materials that have been investigated in the extensive NBS soil

corrosion tests have been exposed at this site which, therefore, can

serve as a reference site for the correlation of data obtained for

specimens in the present program with data obtained from the earlier

tests

Clay ( Site C) is located in a large clay pit on level land at the

U. S. Coast Guard Receiving Center, Cape May, New Jersey, and is subject

to flooding during heavy rains. The soil consists of a plastic gray

clay to a depth of 6 inches (15.24 cm) underlain by gray clay mixed with

patches of brown clay to a depth of 12 inches (30.48 cm). This is

underlain by a poorly drained very heavy plastic clay in which the

specimens are exposed. The soil has a resistivity which ranges from 400

to 1150 ohm-cm and a pH of 4.3.
-4-

Lakewook Sand ( Site D) is a white, loose sand with some black

streaks occurring in places and supports an abundant growth of beach

grasses. The site is located in a well -drained rolling area on the

property of the U. S. Coast Guard Electronic Engineering Station,

Wildwood, New Jersey. This site is not subject to overflow from the

ocean except under unusual flood conditions. The sand has a pH of 5.7

and the resistivity ranges from 13,800 to 57,500 ohm-cm.

Coastal Sand ( Site E) is a typical white, coastal beach sand with

a high content of black sand; at this site, however, the sand is constantly

damp and is occasionally flooded with sea-water. The site is located on

the Two-Mile Beach on the property of the U. S. Coast Guard Electronic

Engineering Station, Wildwood, New Jersey. The sand has a pH of 7.1 and

the resistivity ranges from 1,320 to 49,500 ohm-cm.

Tidal Marsh ( Site G) is a soil typical of the poorly-drained marsh

soils that are found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The site is

located along a creek (Pine Hill Run) that empties into the Chesapeake

Bay at the Patuxent Naval Air Station, Lexington Park, Maryland. The

soil is naturally charged with hydrogen sulfide and has a resistivity in

the range from 400 to 15,500 ohm-cm and a pH of 6.0.

2 . Materials , Treatment and Preparation

In order to simulate some of the conditions that may be encountered

with components fabricated from stainless steels, materials for these

soil corrosion studies included stressed and unstressed flat sheet

specimens with and without welds, welded tube specimens, coated specimens,

sensitized specimens, and stressed and unstressed galvanically coupled

specimens
-5-

Descriptions of the various stainless steel systems buried at each

test site including treatments and preparation are given in Table 2.

The chemical analyses and mechanical properties of each alloy are given

in Tables 3 and 4. Typical microstructures for each alloy are shown in

Figs. 2 and 3.

Upon receipt of the specimens from the stainless steel producers,

the specimens were first stamped with identification numbers using

chromium plated steel dies. All of the flat sheet materials [approximately

0.06 inch (0.15 cm) thick] were supplied with sheared edges which had

been deburred. In some instances further deburring was necessary. All

* of the materials to be exposed unstressed were then degreased in trichlorethylene vapor, passivated (using procedures described in Table 2),

scrubbed with a fiber brush, thoroughly rinsed with water and then air

dri ed.

Of the total number of coated [coal-tar epoxy, 16 mils (0.04 cm)

per side] specimens (System No. 61), half were scored diagonally from

the corners, twice on one surface, by cutting through the coating to the

base material with a sharp pointed instrument. The other half of the

coated specimens were exposed in the "as coated" condition.

The cross-bead welded flat sheet materials (System Nos. 3, 9, 11

and 54) were prepared in accordance with Welding Research Council recommendations.

Typical microstructures for welded materials are given in Figs. 4 and 5.

Type 304 tube (System No. 57) was prepared in accordance with ASTM

Specification A249. Type 409 tube (System Nos. 62 and 63) was tested in

the "as-welded" condition. Except for cleaning and passivating, the

proprietary alloys were tested as supplied by the producers. The ends

of the tube specimens were plugged with rubber stoppers and then plastic
- 6 -

o r rubber caps were placed on each end to create a crevice.

All of the sheet materials to be stressed as either single or

double U-bends had oblong holes, 1/4 inch x 1/2 inch (0.64 cm x 1.27

cm), punched near each end so as to be self aligning after bending.

Specimens to be connected to a dissimilar metal (galvanic couples) had

an additional hole 0.093 inch (0.236 cm) drilled 1/4 inch (0.64 cm) from

the end and side for wire connections.

The specimens to be stressed were initially bent using a die (shown

in Fig. 6) to about 20° (internal angle). The only portions of the die

in contact with the specimens during the forming operation were fabricated

from Type 304 stainless steel. The specimens were then cleaned and

passivated using the same procedures noted above for unstressed specimens.

Single U-bend specimens were then formed by bending the two ends in

a wooden jig so that they were parallel [the inside diameter at the bend

was approximately 1 inch (2.54 cm)] and clamping them in this position

with a Type 316 stainless steel nut and bolt. Double U-bend specimens

for crevice and stress corrosion studies were formed in the same manner

except that some were spot welded together Csee Fig. 7) prior to the

bending operation. They were then bent at the same time to form the U

and clamped at the ends with Type 316 stainless steel fasteners.

For the galvanic couple studies, specimens were connected to steel

(iron), zinc or magnesium anodes or to copper strips. Connection was

made by soldering 14 gauge stranded copper wire to the specimen at the

drilled hole using 50-50 acid core solder.

The iron anode consisted of a 1 foot (0.3 m) length of a cold

finished steel (AISI 1017-1018) 3/4 inch (1.90 cm) hexagonal shaped rod

with a hole [0.093 inch (0.236 cm)] drilled in the rod mid-way between
-7-

each end for the electrical connection. The copper wire from the specimen

was inserted in this hole and then soldered to the iron anode using 50-

50 acid core solder.

The magnesium anode [4 feet (1.2 m) long and bent in the form of a

horseshoe] was of the commercial flexible extruded type with an oval

shaped cross-section 3/4 inch x 3/8 inch (1.90 cm x 0.95 cm) and a

continuous centrally located 1/8 inch (0.32 cm) diameter iron wire core.

The copper wire from the specimen was soldered to a 1 inch (2.54 cm)

extension of the iron wire core using 50-50 acid core solder. In addition

a bituminous (coal-tar epoxy) coating was applied to both 3/4 inch (1.90 cm)

faces of the anode to extend its effective life.

The zinc anode [1 foot (0.30 m) long] was also of the commercial

flexible extruded type with a diamond shaped cross section [5/8 inch x

7/8 inch (1.59 cm x 2.22 cm)] and a continuous centrally located 0.1

inch )0.25 cm) diameter zinc-coated (galvanized) iron wire core. The

stranded copper wire from the specimen was soldered to an extension of

the galvanized wire core.

Copper strips which were electrically coupled to the unstressed

stainless steel specimens were cut from cold-rolled copper sheet, 0.065

inch (1.651 cm) thick and of the same dimensions as the stainless steel

specimen [1 inch x 12 inches C2.54 cm x 30.48 cm)].

The areas at all soldered joints, including any exposed portions of

the copper wire, were covered with a bituminous (coal-tar epoxy) coating.

3^. Exposure

At each test site, the specimens were buried in trenches approximately

2-1/2 feet (0.76 m) deep and 2 feet (0.61 m) wide. The specimens were

placed about 1 foot (0.30 m) apart. The 8 inch x 12 inch (20.32 cm x
- 8 -

30.48 cm) sheets buried in 1970 were placed in the trench in a vertical

position with the short dimension horizontal, while those buried in 1971

and 1972 were placed in a vertical position with the long dimension

horizontal. The specimens electrically connected to the steel and zinc

anodes and to the copper strips were placed in the trench with the

dissimilar metal parallel to the specimen and separated by approximately

1 foot (0.30 m). Specimens electrically connected to the horseshoe

shaped magnesium anodes were placed at the center of the horseshoe.

Upon backfilling the trenches, the insulated wires soldered to those

specimens to be used in potential and corrosion current (couple corrosion)

determinations were connected above ground to terminal strips mounted on

4 inch x 4 inch x 6 foot (10.16 cm x 1.83 m) wooden posts. Leads from

the anodes and copper strips were connected to leads from the specimens

at the terminal strips (potential and current measurements).

Sufficient specimens were buried at each of the 6 test sites to

permit recovery of a complete set at specified intervals O. 2, 4 and 8

years) and a final set to be removed at a later date to be determined.

Each set of the 8 inch x 12 inch (20.32 cm x 30.48 cm) flat sheet systems

and welded tube systems consisted of 4 specimens, while for the stressed

and unstressed 1 inch x 12 inch (0.254 cm x 30.48 cm) sheet systems,

each set consisted of 2 specimens.

The burial order for each test site is shown in Figs. 8a, b and c.

One thousand fifty four (1054) specimens were buried at each test site

for a total of 6324 specimens at the six test sites.

£. El ectrochemical Measurements

All electrochemical measurements (potential, couple current, and

corrosion current) were made at time of burial and subsequently 3 times
-9-

a year when possible with the exception of Site A where measurements

were usually made once a year.

Electrochemical potentials of the specimens and couples vs^ a CuCuS0

4

half cell were measured using a high precision portable pH meter

as a mi Hi voltmeter. The half cell was placed in a remote area (usually

at the edge of the test area) and shielded from light to prevent photochemical effects.

The couple currents of the anode systems and the stainless steel

copper systems were measured using a zero impedance circuit employing an

operational amplifier (Fig. 9) for small currents and a commercially

available zero resistance ammeter for larger currents.

Corrosion currents were measured using a modification of the linear

polarization technique based on the following relationship derived by

Stern and Geary [6]

where AE is the overvoltage of the corroding specimen produced by a

polarizing current, Al. B a and B are the slopes of the anodic and

cathodic polarization curves, respectively, in the Tafel region and

I CO rr

1 s t *ie corrosion current. Assuming B

g

and B

c equal to 0.1 V in

this investigation (the error will usually be about 20% or less, as

established by Stern and Weisert [7]), the following equation was derived

AE _ 1 a c T' B + B

a c Al

= 2.31 (I corr

I corr

The electrical circuit described previously [8], but minus the

bridge circuit was employed. A soil auger was utilized as the auxiliary
- 10 -

electrode. The change in potential was measured directly using the pH

meter or an electrometer (0-10 mV scale) plus a battery and variable

resistor (to null the initial potential) and a Cu-CuSO^ reference electrode.

Electrodes (auxiliary and reference) were placed so that the specimen

was between them or at approximately right angles to them. In making

these measurements, an increment of current was applied to the specimen

until a stable overpotential of usually 2 to 10 mV occurred. The potential

and current readings were then recorded.

Occasionally the open circuit potential of the stainless steel

Slloy was found to fluctuate and the corrosion current measurements

could not be made. At other times, extremely humid or rainy conditions

prevented these measurements.

5_. Examination of Specimens After Exposure

Upon removal from the trench after burial for 1, 2, 4 or 8 years,

each of the stressed specimens was examined for indications of failure

by cracking. All specimens were then returned to the laboratory for

cleaning and a more thorough examination.

In the laboratory, the specimens were rinsed in tap water to remove

adhering soil particles. They were then examined visually prior to

further cleaning. The stressed U-bend specimens were disassembled by

removing the Type 316 stainless steel fasteners. The copper wires were

unsoldered from those specimens that had been coupled to dissimilar

metals.

All specimens, except the coated ones (System No. 61) and the

composites (System Nos. 14, 15 and 16), were then further cleaned ultrasonically using a 10% nitric acid solution heated to 120° - 130 °F

( 49 ° _ 54 °c) for 20 to 30 minutes. Specimens from System Nos. 14 and
-n16 were ul trasonically cleaned using an aqueous 10% ammonium citrate

solution heated to 175° to 185 °F (73° - 85 °C). The time for cleaning

these specimens varied and was dependent upon the tenacity of the corrosion

scale. The specimens from System No. 15 were ul trasonically cleaned for

approximately 30 minutes using an aqueous ammonium chloride solution at

175° - 185 °F (79° - 85 °C) . After cleaning, the specimens were rinsed

in hot tap water and then air dried. The unstressed sheet [8 inches x

12 inches (20.32 cm x 30.48 cm)] and tube specimens were then weighed

twice and their weight loss was determined. The average loss in weight

of similar unexposed (control) specimens given the identical cleaning

process was subtracted from the weight loss of the exposed specimens.

Pit depth determinations were obtained for all of the unstressed

tube and 8 inch x 12 inch (20.32 cm x 30.48 cm) sheet specimens.

C. RESULTS AMD DISCUSSION

Table 5 summarizes the results obtained from visual examination of

the unstressed non-welded sheet materials. The results obtained for

welded sheet and tube materials are summarized in Table 6. The results

obtained from average weight loss and pit depth determinations are given

in Tables 7 through 12 and are shown graphically in Figs. 10 through 14.

Data given for each alloy system are a compilation of results obtained from either 2 or 4 specimens depending upon the number of specimens

of each system that was exposed. The weight loss for a given alloy

system exposed in a particular soil may appear to be extremely small in

comparison to the observed corrosion. This occurs because the corrosion

of stainless steels in some environments can often be localized and

confined to a very small area. Similarly, one specimen may have only

one corrosion pit which caused perforation of the specimen, while there
- 12 -

was little or no corrosion observed on companion specimens exposed for

the same period of time in the same environment.

Corrosion of stainless steels is generally attributed to a breakdown of the passive film at the surface of the material at localized or

selective areas. If corrosion occurs it may often be influenced by one

or more of the following:

1. Inhomogeneities of the metal surface.

2. Concentration cell effects due to adhering soil particles or

crevices where stagnant conditions may exist.

3. Presence of chlorides in the soil.

4. Microbiological organisms.

5. Abrasion of the metal surface by soil particles or foreign

debris

A break in the passive film at the localized area results in a

small anodic site. The larger surrounding area is the cathode. The

electrolytic cell formed could result in localized pitting corrosion,

which can rapidly penetrate the thickness of the metal. However, a

stainless steel with adequate alloying content for the environment would

repassivate without degradation. Concentration cells formed at stagnant

areas beneath soil deposits or at crevice areas can also result in

localized corrosion. An unusual form of pitting corrosion, tunneling,

is normally associated with edges and can be increased by gravity flow

of corrosion products. All flat sheet specimens were buried with either

the long dimension [12 inch (30.48 cm)] or the short dimension [8 inch

(20.3 cm)] in the upright (vertical) position in the trenches, thus

increasing the propensity for tunneling.
-13-

Typical examples of the degradation observed are shown in Figures

15 through 36.

1. GENERAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR

Materials Exposed in 1 970

AISI 200 Series

Corrosion of the annealed Type 201 and 202 stainless steels (system

Nos. 50 and 51) was nil or superficial** for specimens buried up to 8

years in alkaline soil (site A) and Hagerstown loam (Site B). Of these

steels buried in Lakewood sand (Site D) , one Type 201 specimen exhibited

pitting corrosion at the edge after exposure for 4 years while specimens

of both systems were perforated due to corrosion after burial for 8

years. Specimens of both systems, buried for up to 8 years in acid clay

(Site C), coastal sand (Site E) and tidal marsh (Site G) were perforated

due to localized corrosion. The time to perforation for specimens of

both systems buried at Sites C and E was less than one year while time

to perforation for specimens puried at Site G was in excess of one year.

Specimens of both systems exhibited tunneling corrosion at Sites C, D, E

and G.

AISI 300 Series

Annealed Materials - In general, corrosion was nil or superficial

for the annealed austenitic stainless steels buried for up to 8 years at

Sites A, B and D. Annealed Type 316 was susceptible to slight localized

pitting corrosion at Site C while specimens buried at Sites E and G were

perforated due to localized pitting corrosion. Annealed Types 301 and

304 stainless steels buried at Sites C, E and G were perforated due to

corrosion after exposure for up to 8 years. Of the annealed 300 series

**Many of the specimens examined exhibited incipient pitting and various

forms of discoloration, e.g., iridescence, rust and dark to black stains.

However, no other degradation was observed on these specimens nor was there any loss in weight due to exposure in the soil environment.

Corrosion of these specimens was considered to be nil or superficial.
-14-

alloys all buried at Sites E and G, Types 301 and 304 buried at Sites C

and annealed Type 304 buried at Site D exhibited tunneling corrosion.

Sensitized Materials - Degradation of the sensitized 300 series

alloys buried for approximately 8 years at Sites A and B, was nil or

negligible. However, some slight etching and pitting corrosion was

noted at areas on some of the specimens buried at these sites. Of the

sensitized materials buried at Site C, all were susceptible to pitting

corrosion with Type 316 being the least susceptible. Sensitized Type

304 and Type 316 buried at this site were also susceptible to tunneling

corrosion. Small blister-like eruptions at surface areas were noted on

some of the sensitized Type 301 and Type 304 buried at Sites D and E.

These appeared to be very small corrosion pits. Of the sensitized 300

series materials buried at these sites, degradation due to corrosion was

most severe on Type 301 and Type 304 buried at Site E.

Degradation of sensitized Type 301 and Type 304 buried at Site G

was generally due to severe etching and non-uniform corrosive attack.

Corrosion was most severe on the Type 301. Cracking, due to mechanical

damage incurred during removal from the trench, was noted on specimens

of both materials. Sensitized Type 316 specimens buried at this site

for approximately 8 years, while relatively free from degradation, were

susceptible to pitting corrosion particularly at the edges. Tunneling

corrosion was also noted on specimens of this material exposed at this

site.

VJelded Materials - Corrosion of the cross-bead welded Type 301

sheet and heliarc welded Type 304 tube specimens buried at Sites A, B

and D for up to approximately 8 years was in general nil or superficial.

Pitting corrosion was noted at and adjacent to the weld bead on the
- 15 -

cross-bead welded Type 301 sheet specimens buried at Sites C, E and G.

Pitting corrosion was also observed at and adjacent to the weld seam of

Type 304 tube specimens buried at Site C. However, pitting corrosion

was also noted at areas remote from the weld. Metallographic examination

of areas adjacent to the weld did not reveal sensitization at these

areas. This would indicate that the pitting corrosion observed adjacent

to the weld was not due to sensitization. Of the Type 304 tube specimens

buried at Sites C, E and G, corrosion was observed at areas adjacent to

the caps and at crevice areas (under the end caps).

AISI 400 Series

Materials in this series include the martensitic Type 410 and

ferritic Type 409, 430 and 434 stainless steels.

Specimens of Type 409 (non-coated - annealed or welded) and Type

410 (annealed) were perforated by corrosion after burial for 4 years in

5 of the 6 soils. The time to first perforation (generally 1 or 2

years) for the non-coated Type 409 materials was less for specimens

buried at Sites C, E and G. Corrosion of both Type 409 and 410 materials

was nil or superficial at Site B. The coal-tar epoxy coated Type 409

sheet specimens were relatively unaffected by corrosion.

Types 430 and 434 were relatively unaffected by corrosion after

burial for approximately 8 years at Sites A and B. Specimens of these

materials buried at Sites C, E and G were perforated by corrosion generally

in less than one year while for specimens buried at Site D, the first

perforation was noted after exposure for 4 years.

Material s Exposed in 1971 and 1972

Steels in this portion of the investigation include newer stainless

steels and composite materials. The proprietary stainless steels may be
-16-

grouped as follows according to major alloying constituents.

1 . Cr Stainless Steels

26 Cr - 1 Mo

18 Cr - 2 Mo

18 Cr - 2 Mo (Nb)

18 Cr - (Ti)

2. Cr-Ni Stainless Steels

26 Cr - 6.5 Ni

20 Cr - 24-Ni - 6.5 Mo

18 Cr - 8 Ni (N)

The results obtained from visual examination of these materials

after burial in the various soils for up to 7 years are summarized In

Tables 5 and 6.

Cr Stainless Steels - Alloy 26 Cr - 1 Mo [in the annealed condition

(System No. 1)] was relatively unaffected by corrosion in any of the

soils after burial for approximately 7 years. Pitting corrosion was

noted particularly at or adjacent to crevice areas on some of the heliarc

welded Alloy 26 Cr - 1 Mo specimens buried at Sites A, C, E and G.

Corrosion of annealed Alloy 18 Cr - 2 Mo (System No. 6) was nil or

superficial for specimens buried for up to 7 years at Sites A, B and D.

Scattered pitting corrosion with subsequent perforation of the material

was observed on specimens buried at Sites C, E and G. Corrosion of annealed Alloy 18 Cr - 2 Mo (Nb)(System No. 7) specimens was in general

nil or superficial after burial for up to approximately 6 years in 5 of

the 6 soils. Specimens of this material buried at Site G had perforated

due to corrosion. Pitting corrosion was noted at weld areas on crossbead welded sheet specimens (System No. 11) buried for up to approximately
-17-

3 years at Sites A, C, D, E and G and at weld areas on heliarc welded

tube specimens (System 12) buried for approximately 3 years at Sites B,

C and D. Tunneling corrosion was also noted at weld areas of specimens

of System No. 11 buried at Sites C and G. Specimens of System 11 buried

at Sites C, E and G were perforated due to corrosion. Of the alloy 18

Cr (Ti) (System Nos. 2, 3 and 18) materials exposed for up to 3 years,

corrosion of specimens of Systems Nos. 3 and 18 buried at Sites A, B and

D and System No. 2 buried at Sites A and B was in general nil or superficial. Some specimens buried at Sites C, E and G were perforated due

to corrosion.

Cr-Ni Stainless Steels - The annealed Alloy 18 Cr - 8 Ni (N) specimens

(System No. 8) were in general unaffected by corrosion after burial for

approximately 7 years at Sites A, B, C and D, while specimens of this

material buried at Site E for 8 years and Site G for 7 years were relatively

unaffected by corrosion. Companion specimens buried at Site E for 3

years and Site G for 2 years were perforated due to corrosion. Sheet

specimens of this alloy having a cross-bead weld (System No. 9) and

buried at Site C for 7 years and Site E for 3 years were perforated due

to corrosion. Of the specimens of this system buried for 3 and 7 years

at Site G, corrosion was nil or superficial while pitting corrosion was

noted on companion specimens after exposure for 1 and 2 years. Specimens

of this system buried at Sites A, B and D were relatively unaffected by

corrosion.

There was little or no appreciable corrosive attack on the annealed

(System No. 4), sensitized (System No. 5) or heliarc welded (System No.

19) Alloy 20 Cr - 24 Ni - 6.5 Mo specimens buried for up to approximately

8 years at the six soil sites.
-18-

Corrosion of annealed Alloy 26 Cr - 6.5 Ni (System 10) specimens

buried at Sites A and B was in general negligible. Companion specimens

of this material buried at Sites C, E and G were perforated due to corrosion in less than one year, while the time to first perforation for

this material buried at Site D was in excess of 3 years.

Composite Materials - The composite systems are sandwich materials

where outer layers of carbon steel are metallurgically bonded to a thin

core of stainless steel [total thickness approximately 0.120 in (0.305

cm)]. Composites A and B (System Nos. 14 and 15) were fabricated with

Type 430 stainless steel as a core material while Composite C (System

No. 16) utilizes Type 304 stainless steel. In addition. Composite B

specimens were Individually hot-dip zinc coated [galvanized, 4.5 to

2 2

5 oz/ft (1377 to 1528 gms/m ) zinc]. This was a thicker coating than

would normally be used on carbon steel products.

In general, there was little difference in the corrosion behavior

of System Nos. 14 and 16 buried in the same soil environment for approximately 7 years. Pitting corrosion of the carbon steel outer layers was

observed on all specimens buried at the six sites. The carbon steel was

perforated by corrosion on specimens buried at Sites A, B and G which

thus exposed the stainless steel core of both composite materials.

While there was no apparent significant corrosion of the stainless steel

core of these specimens, degradation of the carbon steel was more severe

for specimens buried at Site G.

The hot-dip zinc coating on specimens of System No. 16 provided

protection to the underlying carbon steel and stainless steel core in

all of the soils. There was some dissipation of the zinc in all of the

soils. However, there was some zinc remaining on all of the specimens
-19-

after burial for up to 7 years in the 6 soil environments.

2^ Stress Corrosion Behavior

The results of visual and micro examinations made to determine

failure of the various systems due to stress corrosion cracking are

given in Table 13 for nongalvanically coupled specimens.

Materials Exposed in 1970

AISI 300 Series

Type 301 stainless steel in the half-hard condition was relatively

immune to stress corrosion cracking in all of the soils after exposure

for approximately 8 years. Micro-cracking was noted on one specimen

buried for 2 years at Site C. Sensitization of the half-hard alloy

increased the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking In all of the

soil environments. The same alloy In the full-hard condition was in

general also immune to stress corrosion cracking in all of the soils

after exposure for approximately 8 years. However, micro-cracking was

noted on one specimen exposed for approximately 2 years in the soil at

Site G. No failures were observed on stressed Type 304, annealed or

half- hard specimens buried for up to approximately 8 years in the soils

at the six sites. Cracking of the sensitized Type 304 stressed material

was observed on specimens buried at Site C for 2 years and Site E for 1

year. Companion specimens of this material buried at these sites and at

Sites A, B, 0 and G had not failed after exposure in the soils for

approximately 8 years. No stress cracking was observed on annealed or

sensitized Type 316 stainless steel after exposure for approximately 8

years in the various soils.
- 20 -

AISI 400 Series

Type 434 stainless steel was the only alloy in this series exposed

in the soils. There were no failures after burial for 8 years in any of

the soils.

Materials Exposed in 1971 and 1972

Steels in this category included Alloys 26 Cr-1 Mo, 18 Cr-2 Mo, 20

Cr-24 Ni -6.5 Mo, 8 Cr-8 Ni (N) and 26 Cr-6.5 Ni . There were no failures

of these steels after exposure for up to 7 years at Sites A, B, C, D and

G and approximately 8 years at Site E. b Stressed Dissimilar Metal Couples

The results for the stressed galvanically coupled specimens have

been reported elsewhere [9]. Table 14 In this report summarizes the

results obtained for specimens buried for approximately 4 years.

Materials Exposed in 1970

AISI 300 Series

There were no failures noted for Type 304 in the annealed condition

when coupled to zinc, magnesium or iron (steel). Type 301 full-hard and

Type 301 half- hard have a tendency to stress crack. As shown in Table

14 all of the stressed Type 301 full-hard stainless steel specimens and

all but one of the Type 301 half-hard specimens coupled to magnesium

failed in the four years of exposure. When coupled to iron, these

materials were resistant to cracking at 4 of the 6 sites (Sites A, B, D

and E). One Type 301 full-hard specimen buried at Site G had failed

while Type 301 half-hard specimens buried at this site had not failed.

Both materials when coupled to zinc had failed at all of the sites

except for those buried at Site A. The largest currents were generated

o by magnesium followed by zinc and iron. It was noted that below 1 yA/cm
- 21 -

all Type 301 full -hard specimens failed. The fact that the number of

failures increased with Increasing cathodic current indicates that

hydrogen embrittlement was the mode of failure.

Materials Exposed in 1971 and 1972

There were no failures of the 26 Cr-1 Mo or the 26 Cr-6.5 Ni alloys

galvanically coupled to zinc, magnesium or iron after exposure for

approximately 3 years in the soils.

4_. Unstressed Dissimilar Metal Couples

The results obtained for unstressed stainless coupled to a dissimilar

metal (copper) and buried for up to approximately 4 years have been

reported elsewhere [10]. Table 15 in this report summarizes the results

obtained on an annual basis for these stainless steels coupled to copper

over an exposure period of up to approximately 10 years. The average

galvanic current and the average potential are given for these stainless

steels when connected to copper and buried in the soil at each of the 6

sites. The direction of current flow between the electrodes is denoted

by the sign of the current [(-) indicated the stainless is cathodic to

the copper].

In general, the galvanic currents measured are small, and average

2 less than 0.1 yA/cm in every case where stainless was anodic to copper.

It was noted that the galvanic currents measured reversed direction of

flow from one year to the next. This indicates that the potentials of

these stainless steels is very similar to that of copper when buried in

the soil. There is a lack of tendency for either electrode to be sacrificial

to the other. The potential of any given couple was found to be stable

with fluctuations of less than 100 mv over the period measured. No

correlation was found between potential and direction of current flow.
- 22 -

In summary, there should be little or no corrosion damage of Type

304, Type 409 or Alloy 26 Cr-6.5 Ni stainless steels as a result of

being coupled to copper. This is indicated by the small galvanic currents

generated.

D. SUMMARY

1_. Materials Exposed in 1970

a. AISI 200 Series

Both of the annealed austenitic 200 series stainless steels exhibited good resistance to corrosion after burial for approximately 8

years in alkaline soil (Site A) and Hagerstown loam (Site B). These

stainless steels were susceptible to corrosion in acid clay (Site C)

,

Lakewood sand (Site D), coastal sand (Site E) and tidal marsh (Site G)

Degradation was generally due to pitting or tunneling corrosion with

subsequent perforation at these localized areas on materials buried at

Sites C, E and G.

b. AISI 300 Series

In general the austenitic 300 series stainless steels exhibited

good resistance to corrosion after burial for up to approximately 8

years in the soils at Sites A, B and D. These stainless steels were

susceptible to corrosion at Sites C, E and G. Type 316 (annealed) was

the least susceptible to corrosion in the six soils investigated.

Degradation of the 300 series stainless steels was generally due to

pitting or tunneling corrosion or a combination of both with subsequent

perforation of the specimens at localized areas. For some of the

materials buried in the tidal marsh (Site G), corrosion was observed at

large areas on the specimens and was attributed to severe etching or

general corrosion of the metal surfaces. Sensitization by heat treatment

of the 300 series stainless steels studied in this program generally
-23-

resulted in increased susceptibility to corrosion in all of the soils.

Pitting corrosion was observed at or adjacent to the weld bead on crossbead welded Type 301 sheet specimens buried at Sites C, D, E and G and

at or adjacent to the weld seams on Type 304 tube specimens buried at

Sites A, C, E and G. However, pitting corrosion was also observed at

other areas remote from the welds on specimens of these materials.

Metallographic examination of areas adjacent to the welds indicated that

sensitization was not a factor in the cause of the corrosion observed.

Type 304 tube specimens buried at Sites C, D, E and G were also susceptible

to crevice corrosion.

With some exceptions, the non-galvanic coupled stressed 300 series

alloys exhibited good resistance to stress corrosion cracking in all of

the soils. Type 316 in the annealed or sensitized condition was immune

to stress corrosion cracking in all of the soils after exposure for 8

years. Type 301 in the half-hard condition was susceptible to cracking

at Site G. Sensitization of Type 301 half-hard increased the susceptibility

to stress corrosion cracking in all of the soils. Type 304 (annealed)

was immune to stress corrosion, but sensitization of this material made

the alloy susceptible to stress corrosion at Sites C and E.

£. AISI 400 Series

The martensitic Type 410 and the ferritic Types 409, 430 and 434

stainless steels were in general susceptible to pitting or tunneling

corrosion or a combination of both at Sites A, C, D and E and to severe

etching or general attack at Site G. Of these materials buried at Site

A, all except Types 430 and 434 were perforated due to corrosion while

corrosion of the 400 series stainless steels buried at Site B was nil or

superficial. Areas at or adjacent to the weld seam on the heliarc
-24-

welded and high-frequency welded Type 409 buried at Sites C, D, E and G

were susceptible to pitting corrosion. Pitting corrosion was also

observed at crevice areas on these materials buried at Sites A, C, D, E

and G. The coal-tar epoxy coating applied to the Type 409 stainless

steel was effective in providing protection from corrosion at all sites.

However, some superficial degradation of the metal surfaces was observed,

particularly at areas where the epoxy coating had blistered, where the

coating was mechanically damaged and at some areas where the coating had

been scored to bare metal prior to burial.

Type 434 was the only stainless steel in the 400 series included in

the stress corrosion study. No failures were observed for non-gal vani cal ly

coupled stressed specimens of this material in any of the soil environments.

2 . Materials Exposed in 1971 and 1972

Annealed, sensitized and he! i arc-welded alloy 20 Cr-24 Ni-6.5 Mo

was in general resistant to corrosion in all 6 of the soils after

burial for up to approximately 7 years.

There was little or no degradation due to corrosion of annealed

Alloy 26 Cr-1 Mo after exposure for up to approximately 7 years at the 6

soil test sites. Hel i arc-welded alloy 26 Cr-1 Mo was susceptible to

pitting or crevice corrosion in 4 of the 6 soils. This material was not

exposed in the sensitized condition.

Alloy 18 Cr-2 Mo (Nb) (annealed and cross-bead welded sheet and

hel i arc welded tube materials), buried for up to approximately 6 years,

was resistant to corrosion in 3 of the 6 soils (Sites A, B and D)

Annealed and cross-bead welded Alloy 18 Cr-8 Ni (N) stainless

steel, buried for up to approximately 7 years, was also resistant to

corrosion at Sites A, B and D and similarly was also susceptible to

pitting corrosion at Sites C, E and G.
-25-

Alloy 26 Cr-6.5 Ni in the annealed condition and buried for up to

approximately 7 years was susceptible to pitting corrosion in 5 of the 6

soils (Sites A, C, D, E and G), but was relatively unaffected by corrosion

at Site B.

Corrosion of Alloy 18 Cr (Ti) was nil or superficial for annealed

and cross-bead welded sheet materials exposed for up to approximately 7

years at Sites A, B and D. Heliarc welded tube material of this alloy

was resistant to corrosion at Sites A, B, D and E. These materials were

severely corroded in the other soils in which they were buried.

Of these proprietary steels included in the stress corrosion study,

there were no failures of either galvanically coupled or non-gal vanically

coupled specimens after exposure for up to 4 years in any of the soils.
-26-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The assistance of James L. Fink in various capacities during this

investigation is acknowledged.

Acknowledgment is made also to the following organizations which

provided test sites and assistance during the burial and removal of the

specimens and during the inspections at the test sites.

Bonneville Power Administration

U. S. Department of Interior

Portland, Oregon 97208

Baltimore Bureau of Water Supply

Baltimore, Maryland 21217

U. S. Coast Guard Training Center

Cape May, New Jersey 08204

Patuxent Naval Air Station

Lexington Park, Maryland 20653

U. S. Coast Guard Electronics Engineering Station

Wildwood, New Jersey 08260
-27-

REFERENCES

[1], Branch, H. C. , Corrosion Resistant Materials for URD Equipment,

Materials Protection and Performance, 12, 9-14 (March 1973).

[2]

. Steinmetz, G. F. and Hoxie, E. C., A Field Test of Type 304

Stainless Steel for Gas Service, Materials Protection and Performance , 1,2, 41-44 (September 1973).

[3]

. Romanoff, M., Underground Corrosion (NBS Circular 579), National

Technical Information Service, PB 168350 (April 1957).

[4]

. Hoxie, E. C., International Nickel Company, Private Communication.

[5]

. Gerhold, W. F. , Escalante, E. and Sanderson, B. T., Progress

Report on the Corrosion Behavior of Selected Stainless in Soil

Environments, (NBS Report, NBSIR 76-1081), (August 1976).

[6]

, Stern, M. and Geary, A. L., Electrochemical Polarization, I. A theoretical Analysis of the shape of Polarization Curves,

Journal Electrochemical Society , 104 (1) 56-63 (1957).

[7]

. Stern, M. and Wisert, E. D. , Experimental Observations on the

Relation Between Polarization Resistance and Corrosion Rates,

Proceedings ASTM , 59, 1280-1291 (1959).

[8]

. Iverson, W. P., Tests in Soils, p. 588, Handbook on Corrosion

Testing and Evaluation, (W. H. Ailor, Ed. ) Wiley, New York

(1971):

[9]

. Escalante, E. and Gerhold, W. F. , "Galvanic Coupling of Some

Stressed Stainless Steels to Dissimilar Metals Underground",

Galvanic and Pitting - Field and Laboratory Studies, ASTM STP

576, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 81-93 (1976).

[10]

. Escalante, E. and Gerhold, W. F. , The Galvanic Coupling of Some

Stainless Steels to Copper - Underground, Materials Performance,

]_4, 16-20 (October 1975).
. i«
Figure 1. Relative corrosion effects of the soils at the six NBS Test

Sites on carbon steel.
Figure 2

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

( 1 )

(J)

(k)

0 )

Etched electrolytlcal ly.

Etched electrolytlcally.

Etched electrolytlcally,

Etched

HC1

Transverse sections showing typical microstructures for

standard stainless steels.

(a) AISI Type 201 stainless steel.

10% oxalic acid. XI 00.

AISI Type 202 stainless steel.

10% oxalic acid. X200.

AISI Type 301 stainless steel.

10% oxalic acid. X200.

AISI Type 301 stainless steel (sensitized),

electrolytically, 10% oxalic acid. X200.

AISI Type 304 stainless steel. Etched, acetic acid,

glycerol and HN0

3

. X200.

AISI Type 304 stainless steel (sensitized). Etched

electrolytlcally, 10% oxalic acid. X200.

AISI Type 316 stainless steel. Etched electrolytlcally,

10% chromic acid. X200.

AISI Type 316 stainless steel (sensitized). Etched,

lactic acid, methanol and HC1 . X200.

AISI Type 409 stainless steel,

glycerol and HN0-. X200.

AISI Type 410 stainless steel,

methanol and HC1 . X200.

AISI Type 430 stainless steel.

X200.

AISI Type 434 stainless steel,

methanol and HC1 . X200.

Etched, acetic acid, HC1

,

Etched electrolytlcally,

Etched, VI 1 el 1 a * s Reagent.

Etched electrolytlcally.
(c) (d)

FIGURE 2

(k) (l)

FIGURE 2
Figure 3. Transverse sections showing typical microstructures for alloy

stainless steels.

(a) Alloy 26 0-1 Mo. Etched el ectrolytical ly , 10% oxalic acid.

XI 00.

(b) Alloy 18 0-2 Mo. Etched, lactic acid, HF, HC1 and HNO~.

X200.

J

(c) Alloy 18 0-2 Mo (Nb). Etched el ectrolytically, 10% oxalic

acid. XI 00.

(d) Alloy 18 Cr (Ti). Etched, aqua regia. XI 00.

(e) Alloy 26 0-6.5 Ni. Etched el ectrolytically , 10% oxalic

acid. XI 00.

(f) Alloy 20 Cr-24 Ni-6.5 Mo. Etched, aqua regia. X100.

(g) Alloy 20 Cr-24 Ni-6.5 Mo (sensitized). Etched, lactic

acid, HF, HC1 , and HNOv X100.

(h) Alloy 18 0-8 Ni (N).

J Etched, 10% oxalic acid. X200.
FIGURE 3
(e)

(g)

FIGURE 3
Figure 4. Section from a Type 304 stainless steel specimen

at the weld bead area showing little or no apparent heat affected zone adjacent to the weld

bead. This was typical for all cross-bead welded

materials examined in this study. Etched, 10%

oxalic acid. X50.

Figure 5. Section from a Type 304 stainless steel tube specimen at the heliarc weld seam showing a narrow band

(heat affected zone) between the weld metal and the tube material. This was typical for all elded

tube materials examined in this study. Etched, 10% oxalic acid. X50.
Figure 6. Die for forming U-bend specimens.
Spot Weld

Figure 7 Double or crevice U-bend specimens for underground

corrosion.

Figure 8a. Map showing burial order for specimens exposed In 1970 at the various sites

First Removal Second Removal Third Removal Fourth Removal Fifth Removal

(l Yr) (2 Yr) (4 Yr) (8 Yr) (X Yr)

* . B . . B . B * B * * 50x01 50x03 50x05 50x07 50x09 50x11 50x13 50x15 50x17 50x19

51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51

52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53

54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55

56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61

62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 66x01 66x03 66x05 66x07 66x09 66x11 66x13 66x15 66x17 66x19

50x02 50x04 50x06 50x08 50x10 50x12 50x14 50x16 50x18 50x20

51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51

52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53

54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54

55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55

56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56

57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58

59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61

62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64

65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 66x02 66x04 66x06 66x08 66x10 66x12 66x14 66x16 66x18 66x20 B B B m B m H SI 67x02 67x04 67x06 67x08 68x10 68x12 67x14 67x16 68x18 68x20

68 68 68 68 69 69 63 68 69 69

69 69 69 69 71 71 69 69 71 71

70 70 70 70 73 73 70 70 73 73

71 71 71 71 74 74 71 71 74 74

72 72 72 72 75 75 72 72 75 75 73 73 73 73 76 76 73 73 76 76

74 74 74 74 78 78 74 74 78 78

75 75 75 75 79 79 75 75 79 79 76 76 76 76 81x10 81x12 76 76 81x18 81x20

7778

7980

9192x02

7778

7980

9192x04

7778

7980

77

78

7980

r—67x10

70x10

» r

67x12

70x12 Li

7778

7980

77

78

7980

9192x06

9192x08 tjl tl

xlO — 84x12 —J

83x10 || 84x10—'

85x10

86x10 V

87x10

88x10

rp 89x10

I 90x10

xlO n|l

83x12

84x12-

r-85xl2 86x12 u

ti

l!

L "1

9 1x10 |l 92x10

87x12 | 88x12—-J r-89xl2

1 90x1

I!h*- afl 91x12 92x12

r-67x18

70x18

1

86 86 86 86 [—80x10

|(-80x12 ; 87 87 87 87 82x10 82x12

88 88 88 88 1 11 1 8990

89

90

89908990 1Li-. 1

r—80x18 91x18 U! l

1

tl 92x18

t~67x20

70x20

81 81 81 81 ‘—•"••""I 81 81 H—j l-e-BI"*—

82 82 82 82

t t 91 91t t 83 83 83 83 1 92x14 92x16 1 1 84 84 84 84 72x10 72x12 72x18 72x20

85 85 85 85 77x10—1 77x12—1 B B 77x18-1 77x20- r

80x20 91x20 uf

!li 92x20

4"x4" I’osl B Wire terminal Lu post far r I l rlrnl measure

Will- ltnnlii.il'; (j',a I van I c roiipl.) In pn-;t | nr i* I nr I r I i'.i 1 innasurrini-nt r;

•Specimen identification: Oi |ii.i preecu iti'i "x" denote system number (sue Table 2) “x" ri presents site des i'piutinn. ’•'r»u I <J be A, II, f,, 1), L or 0 depending upon where

spec imen was exposed. Di'jils followin') "x" are specimen numbers.
Figure 8b. Map showing burial order for specimens exposed In 1971 at the various sites

First Removal Second Removal Third Removal Fourth Removal Fifth Removal

(1 yr) (2 yr) (4 yr) (3 yr) (X yr)

B a m a a a m a B a

1x01* 1x03* 1x05* 1x07* 1x09* lxll* 1x13* 1x15* lxl 7* 1x19*

2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x

5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x

6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x

9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 15x 15x 15x 15x 1 5x 15x 15x 15x 15x 15x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 17x 17x 1 7x 17x 17x 17x 17x 17x 17x 17x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x

19x01 19x03 19x05 19x07 19x09 19x11 19x13 19x15 19x17 19x19

1x02 1x04 1x06 1x08 1x10 1x12 1x14 1x16 1x18 1x20

2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x

3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 3x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x 4x

5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 5x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x 6x

8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x 8x

9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x 9x lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx lOx 10X lOx lOx lOx 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x

15x 15x 15x 15x 15x 15x 15x 15x 15x 1 5x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 16x 17x 17x 17x 17x 17x 1 7x 17x 17x 17x 17x

18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x 18x

19x02 19x04 19x06 19x08 19x10 19x12 19x14 19x16 19x18 19x20

a B m m m m 9 B B

20x02 20x04

21 x 21x

22x 22x 23x 23x

24x 24x

25x 25x

26x 26x

27x 27x

28x 28x

30x 30x 33x 33x 34x 34

35x 35x

36x 36x

37x 37x

38x 38x 42x 42x m m

20x06 20x08

21 x 21 x 22x 22x

23x 23x

24x 24x

25x 25x

26x 26x

27x 27x

28x 28x

30x 30x 33x 33x 24x 34 x 35x 35x

36 x 36x

37x 37x

38 x 38x

42x 42x

m s

20x10 20x12 20x14 20x16 20x18 20x20

22x 22x 21x 21 x 22x 22x

24x 24x 22x 22x 24x 24x 25x 25x 23x 23x 25x 25x

27x 27x 24x 24x 27x 27x r 21x r

21 x 25x 25x r 21x r

21x

26 x 27x

26x 27x

45x14 45x16

23x18

1

30x

42x18

II

23x20

1 H-*-)

i 30 x 30x

f 42x 42x 1 1 26x12 43x 43x 26x18 26x20

28x — 44 x 44 x 28x — 28x —

30x

42x20

4

B 4"x4" post

B Wire terminal to post for electrical measurements

Bi Wire terminals (galvanic couple) to post for electrical measurements.

Specimen identification: Digits preceding "x" denote system number (see Table 2) "x" represents site designation. Would be A, B, C, D, E or G depending upon where

specimen was exposed. Digits following "x" are specimen numbers.
Figure 8c. Map showing burial order for specimens exposed in

1972 at the various sites.

First Removal

(1 Yr)

Second Removal

(2 Yr)

Third Removal

(4 Yr)

Fourth Removal

(8 Yr)

Fifth Removal

(X Yr)

EH in o n n m 1 Hi a

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p Figure 11. Average weight loss (mg/dm ) and maximum pit depth (mils) for

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o Figure 13. Average weight loss (mg/dm ) and maximum pit depth (mils) for

Fe-Cr alloy stainless steels after exposure in various soils.

2

See Table 2 for descriptions of the systems. O-'Mone, N-<1 mg/dm , H-perforated , I-incipient pitting and S-<5 mils.

(a) Site C.

(b) Site E. (c) Site G.

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EXPOSURE 1IME DAYS 3G2 755 1098 2539

(c)

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Figure 14. Average weight loss (mg/dm ) and maximum pit depth (mils) for

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See Table 2 for descriptions of the systems. O-none, N-<1 mg/dm , H-perforated , I-inciplent pitting, S-<5 mils.

(a) Site C.

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denotes areas at end where

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years at Site C. .'iote severe

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Figure 25. Type 409 stainless steel buried

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6. Note severe localized corrosion

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material. X0.3.

Figure 26. Type 410 stainless steel after

burial for approximately 8 years

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Figure 27. Type 430 stainless steel after

burial for approximately 8 years

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(lower right corner) was unaffected

by corrosion. X0.3.

Figure 28. Type 430 stainless steel after

exposure for approximately 8 years

at Site D. Arrows denote areas

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etched. X0.3.
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Figure 34. Alloy 18 Cr-8 Ni (N) stainless

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Analysis

not

made

for

soils

at

Sites B

and D

because

of

the

very

low

concentration

of

soluble

salts

in

these

soil
Table 2. Stainless steel systems In underground corrosion tests

System

Burial Year Stainless

Steel Confiq. & Size^ Treatment^)

Passi vationK)

Procedure

, >ec.

Stressed' 0 ' Coupled To

1 1971 26 Cr-1 Mo Sheet (8 "xl2") A I __

2

II 18 Cr (Ti)

II ll A I — —

3

II II II ll XBW I — -- 4

II 20 Cr-24 Ni-6.5 Mo

ll II A I — —

5

II II II II S I — —

6

II 18 Cr-r2 Mo

II II A I -- —

7 1972 18 Cr-2 Mo (Nb)

ll II A I — —

8 1971 18 Cr-8

(Ni(N)

II II A I — —

9

II II II XBW I — —

10 " 26 Cr-6.5 Ni

ll II A I — —

11 1972 18 Cr-2 Mo (Nb)

ll Tube (2"ll 00x12")

XBW I — —

12 " II HW I — —

14 1971 Composite A Sheet (8' xl2"x0.12") A — — —

15

II Composite B

ll II AA -- — —

16 " Composite C Tube (2"

II A — —

17

II 26 Cr-1 Mo 00x12") HW I — -- 18 II 18 Cr (Ti) (1 1/8" 0Dxl2") HW I — —

1920 II 20 Cr-24 Ni-6.5

26 Cr-1 Mo

Mo sBffcWB:)

HW AI

I (uu) ::

21

" " ll II A I u —

22 II 20 Cr-24 Ni-6.5 Mo

ll II A I (UU) -- 23 II II " II A I u —

24 II II ll II S I uu -- 25 II 18Cr-2Mo

ll II A I (UU) —

26 II II ll " A I u -- 27

II 18 Cr-8 Ni (N)

ll II A I (UU) —

28 II II ll II A I u -- 30 II 26 Cr-6.5 Ni

ll II A I u —

33 " 26 Cr-1 Mo

" II A I u Zn 34 II II II II A I u Mg

35

II II II II A I u Fe

36 II 26 Cr-6.5 Ni

ll II A I u Zn

37 " II II II A I u Mg

38 II II ll II A I u Fe 42 II II II II A I — Cu

50 1970 201 Sheet (8"xl2") A I — —

51

II 202 II II A I -- -- 52 II 301

II II A I — -- 53 II II II II S 1(f) — -- 54 " II II II XBW I -- -- 55 " 304 ll II A I — —

56 II II II II S ta) Kf) -- -- 57 II II Tube (2" 00x12") HWU) I — -- 58 II 316 Sheet (8"xl2") A I — —

59 II II II II S I — -- 60 II 409 II II A ill -- —

61 II II II II C — — —

62 II II Tube (1-1/8" 00x12") HW in — -- 63 II II Tube (7/8" 0Dxl2") HFW hi — —

64 II 410 Sheet (8"xl2") A in — —

65 " 430 II II A ii — —

66 II 434 ll II A I — -- 67 II 301 Sheet (1 "xl2") HH i u -- 68 II II II II HH i (UU) —

69 II " II II HH+S Kf) uu -- 70 II II II II FH I u —

71

II II II II FH I (UU) —

72 II 304 ll II A 1 u --

73 II II II II A i (UU) —

74 " II II II HH I U

-- 75 " II ll II HH I (UU) —

76 II II ll II S Kf) uu —

77 II 316 ll II A i u —

78 11 " II II A I (UU) —

79 II II II ll S Kf) uu -- 80 II 434 ll II A I u —

81 II II II " A I (uu) —

82 II 301

II II HH I u Zn 83 II II ll II HH I u Mg 84 " II II II HH I u Fe 85 II " ll II FH I u Zn

86 II II " II FH I u Mg 87 II II ll II FH I u Fe

.88 II 304 " II A I u Zn 89 " . II II II A I u Mg

90 " II II •1 A I u Fe

91

II II II II A I — Cu

92 II 409

II II A III Cu

(a) All sheet and tube specimens 0.064" thick.
Table 2 (Con't)

(b) Key: A - Annealed.

S - Sensitized (by heating at 1200°F for 2 hours, followed by air cooling and descaling in

sodium hydroxide).

HW - Heliarc weld.

HFW - High frequency weld.

C - Coated (coal-tar epoxy).

HH - Half hard.

FH - Full hard

XBW - Cross bead weld (specified to be done in accordance with Welding Research Council

recommendations. On half of these specimens, the welds were cleaned prior to exposure.

The other half of the specimens were to be exposed "as wfelded".

(c) Passivation procedure:

I - 20 to 40% by volume of 67% nitric acid at 120-160°F for 20-30 minutes.

II - 20% by volume of 67% nitric acid plus 2-6% sodium dichroraate at 110-140°F for 20-30 minutes.

Ill - 20 to 40% by volume of 67% nitric acid at 110-140°F for 20-30 minutes.

(d) Key: -- - Unstressed.

U - Single U-bend specimen.

UU - Double U-bend specimen, not spot welded.

(UU) - Double U-bend specimen, joined by a spot weld.

(e) Welded with a full finish per ASTM specification A249.

(f) Minimum specified concentration of acid, temperature and time for sensitized materials.

Table

3

.

Chemical

analyses

of

non-ferrous

constituents

in

stainless

steels

buried

at

various

NBS

underground

test

sites.

I

VOWO

dI o

© oI <

LT> CMO

VOo

eso •

• o O I I f—

-Q < o_ •

•'LO in o o

d o

r~

LO O o •

• o o *

* • OO

r~ o o^-o

do ©

oimn vo vo in

CMo o o o o o

o

00 d d do

O r- d d

CM

*3- vo o i—

voo

o

©

o

COCMO

CM CO OO

NO Lfi COCM r-^r—CMrn o o r\i r-> O LO

LO r- oo>

Or—

00o

IN©

d

O CO <3-OOOr— COr-N^t

r-f— r— r— CMOOr— COLOVOVOCO i/unNNNOicncnooooo

<y vo o CO CO LO 00 LO CM OWN 00 CM r— O CT> VO vo

n> no r- CT» CM *3" VO <d* IN CM CM LO VO CM r— CM ^3

* O'* CM LOLO 00 00 CO VON^ON 0 COCON IN. O i— i— CM VO CO VO 00 O 00 (T* LOCO VO vo IN

r— i— r— f— i— i

i— r— i-“ r— r— r— i— CM e— CM r— CM»— 1— 1— r—

O-I ^-COIOOOO^l- CMO^^t cmvonn

CO O r- CO CM CO CM CM CM 1— CM CM .— i—i

o o o o o o o oooooooo

O CO CO CO

r— CM r- CM o o o o

CTi CMOCMCMCM OO

LO LO IN i— r— CM O o o o o

ooooooooooooooo o o o o d do o d o d

oo| oi ^ vo vo co cm in oiouncnoo^oi

f— CO o CM O VO CO 00 00 CM OOOr— r— 1— 1— OOOr— r-r— r~r~ r— r- O r— CMr- O O r— 1— ooooooo OOOOOOOO o o o o o oo o o o o

odooooo oooooooo o o o o d dd d d o d

** •r-l Nr-Ol«t OCO ^-corN^-^-^-oco r— O r- O VO o CO

CT»

i— r— CO O

ool ^ oo in in vo VO LD LD 1— LO CM CO r— CO co co o

4-> _C OOOOOOO OOOOOOOC' o o o o d do o o o o

CJ> -5

cl O LO CM vo vo CM CM IN r— i— m VO CM f— CM CO r— CT» r— VO vo VO CM si oiOr-oco^coovo^m<tin*t^ O CO IN OO vo r— r— CM CO

VO CO r— r— O r— O r— r— OOOOOO OOr-O r- oo OOr-O

ol VO CM CO r-Ol CO O VO CM VO 00 CO LO Lf> CM

VO O Ol O CO ^-VO ic^inmLn^vDN O <3- CO 1— oo r- CO vo vo CM O r— O r— f— o o OOOOOr— oo o o o o o o o o o o o

o o o o o d o oooooooo o o o o d oo d d d d

Or-CdNOLON^COOCMnnMnvO LnLnLovDN.LOLor^Lr>vovovovovovo

CM CM

•» CM O •‘VO CM 00 O CM Fn •* r—

CM O -

• COrcr> •* »—

A O *

CO f— IN ^in vo<TJ r— r— r— r—

tO

a> •— r— a; c aj

•r- 4->

fT3 OO

4-> </>

t— CM f— I

OOOOOOOOr— ooo»— COCO CMCMCOCOCOCOCOCOCO^^-cJ-^^^-

(U(DCU<U(U(D(y(lJ<U<UQJ<U(UO(U Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.CLQ.Q.O.Q.

>> >> >> >) >> >) >> >>

o

s:-.- ^ 2: r— !— CM CM

1 '—-I I &- t- S- s- o o o o vo 00 O CO

CM r— CM rLO O

S- S- O O vo 00 CM r—

,T- O O <r CO coo (U

(u

<D 4->

4-> a> QJ <D to

•r- Cl Cl Cl

</> ,>».>>,>> c O H- I- 1- o

CL XI O <IOO q o o

(a)

A.

Carbon

Steel/

430

/Carbon

Steel

B.

Galv.

SteeT/

430

/Gal

v.

Steel

C.

Carbon

Steel

/

304

/Carbon

Steel
Table

4.

Mechanical

properties' '

of

stainless

steels

studied

in

this

investigation

t/> to

a>c

-o

s-<0 c « o

-t-> -i- c: C +J Tcu ro i <_> cnoo

s- c

cu o c

a. i— *r-

_d ^ -a +-> -o <— ov—-

<D

C -r- i— CL) to >- S- ^ +Joo

d) _d • i— +j -a

•r-to c •<- £= a> to

(1) OO E

a) +j

to £co

>)-*-> O rd r- C

r— CD < -r-to<U Q

in tn in in

m

cm o m oo

CD CD oo CO

m CM "O' in p- ro

w i— i

co co ro ^ cd oo no cod-p- toco ooaoooor—

fN IN to 00 CO COCO

N

N 00N CO

CQ cO CO asUZ

O <-> cc qc cc atcc oc cc

co co o co co co cc QC oc QC QC Qi

CO CO CO CO CO CQCOCO co co cou

CCCS.CCCS.CS. CCCC oc cc cc cc cc

toco

CO cc

in o o o o o o O

O

O IN o o ooominoootninointoo

cm cm to in to CD in m to cm cm CMro<tmincM i— o n o\ o to to i— to co

n ro to to LOLOi— IN «d- CO«d-COCMCOCMCMCOCMCM«d-!— CM CO

-o

cu o o i ft) o m n aj^Toroaiotf to NCOlOrOOr-lOd-OlOCQcO

CO CM CM CO tO

N tt c to I— CD

O CO in in ro i— cd in ro *3* cm *0" to tooid-cMintod-cocoiOLnoOr- tj-inioin^Lnmtt^-^tfCMtoio ooo

cuQ-

>» in to i— cr> o o o i— cd roNCOOto to i— ooinocommocMOoocoo m oo rtWN ro anomd-'-Mi

O O CM o m *5T O (UCOCOM-OOOO) O O CT) *0" I— CT) 1— CJ) N tt CM P- ro r- NNtONN|s.NNtONO)rOCOcO , CU CD to A *0- CM •r—

*0" IN o in CM 2

CO 00 CD co 91 0% s- a 0\ A A CO CO cu OO to CD 00 00 r— *0- CM CO -C

00 00 00 CM IN 00 co CO

a

A to CM +-> • A 0% A to in A A CT) CM 0i A p— CM IN CM r— o CD CM CD LOM-CONNNNNNO)CM OO ^ LO o r- IN CO A CM CO A A co to oo in co •> "in cm n * » to to to to co I— CO CO A a tf) r— to CM A 0% A CO ^ A A CD O A A A CD to CM i

to c co r— ro m n cd oo in to to P“* CM i— CO a a cu to in. auo to CM A A tO IN r— c A 0% A CO A in o C o

in o CM o r- CO 3 •r— to IN CM 0% A +-> A <3- o C rd in o

in •p* •r*

•o

cuN -o 3 <u h-

•r— ro to 1— 00

+-> CU o -a T3 ro «=c

O -o "In •O r— XD 1“ p— >> CU <U -O to a CU -O CU CU CU cu -Q C S-

+->

M SC J- to

N S- 3 N 3 2 c cu c •r* rO CU ro to •p- <o i— "O rO CL

0) •PCw _d o 4-> -C

a +-> o • CU E •p- 1 1 s- •i— | u •i

S- CT 0: CU XT

+J 1 1 1 10 4- + pa to 4— rO 1 1 CO 1 ro CU 1 i i i i i i i i t to XI to

ro 1 1 1 C P— r—

C r— •p- l 1 c 1 •»— S— iiii i i i i i i p- +-> •P“ CU CU ro -a 3 -a CU to i

cu 1— Li- c c

S- OO

X S- u. cu oo n: cu oo eu 1 s- e •[— 1— rO -o rn n: •<- 3 -p- 4-

JC r— rc 4- 1 CU CU 1

4- 3 to S_ 1

r—ro a) 3

rO 2 ti- nr o cu 2: s- to ro LOoI *p- o o o I— CM l— O O O CM CM OO

CU <U <U cl a. a. i— i— i— i— I— COtOCDCT>CDOO«^}- OOOOOOOOOZp- 1— OOOl— OOOOi— r— I— oonoooooooorooooocoooood-tf<t>*'5i-«3- i i i l S- t- S- aicucueucueucueueus-cuiucueuaieucueuooo aaaaaaaa au aaaaaaaa

>,>,>,>,>,>,>,>,>,^3 >,>,>,>>>>>,>, >,tO to to hhhKHKKkl- p- I- Kh h-h-h- h- tr~ CM CM CM

•i— CM w I S_ S- o o

un o o

to CM CM I I I S- S- iC_) o o

00 o I— CM

CO 00 00 CM r- i— IIIIIII

-o

cu

+-> o

4-> 4—

iS -O

cu c

•P- o

i—

a

Q.

a. "a

u

<uQ.

OO

ro Q.

fO i

rO

CO

=0- CDCOto

4-> +-> S_ ro

<u e

Q.O P5- pa. <

cu

to

ro -Q

U "O
Table 5. Summary of results^ obtained from visual examination of stainless steel sheet specimens burled In the soils at the NBS soil corrosion test sites. Specimens of System.. Nos . 1 through 6, 8, 10, 14, 15, and 16 were burled

for approximately 7 years. System No. 7 was burled for approximately

6 years while others were burled for approximately 8 years.

System Stainless

steel Specimen Typeand Treatment

Test

Site (0

Results of Visual Examination of Specimens (e) Exposed 1 year Exposed 2 years Exposed 4 years Exposed 8 years

Exposed in 1970

50 Type 201 Sheet, A N N N N annealed B N RS RS N

C T.P.H P(F,E),T,IP H.P.T H,P,T(AE,E,F)

D IP P,IP N h,p,t(ae,e,f)

E H,P,T H,T,P,IP,Et(sl i

)

H,T(E,F),P H, P,T(AE,E , F) , IF G A,P,IP,Et(sl i

)

H(E) ,P,A(sev) ,IP P+T(E,AE) H,P,T(F,AE,E)ET

51 Type 202 Sheet, A N IP DS P(F) annealed B N RS DS+RS(sli) N C T.P.H H,P(F,E) ,T , I

H,P,T,RS H,T,P(F,E,AE)

D IP DS DS H,P,T(F,E,AE)

E H,T(E) ,P,IP H,P,T,IP,IF H,P,T,RS H,T, P(AE, E , F) , IF

G P,IP P,IP H,P,RS,DS,IP H,T,P(AE,E,F)

52 Type 301 Sheet, A N IP N N annealed B IP RS DS(sli) N C T,P , IP H,P(F,E),IP H,P,T(E,AE) H,P,T(AE,E)RS

D IP IP RS+DS(sl i

)

N

E H H.P.T.IP H.P+T H,T,P(AE,E,F)RS,IF

G P,T(E) ,IP T,P,A+Et(sev) ,IP H,P,RS,IP H,P,T(E,AE,F)

53 Type 301 Sheet, A IP ,Et Et(E) ,P,IP P(sl i ) ,IP,RS,DS,B1 P(Sli ),B1 ,RS sensitized B IP(E) P(sl i ) , IP RS ,DS P(Sli ),B1 ,RS

C P ,Et Et(sev) ,P(F,E) ,IP H,P,A(sev-mod) H.P(E,AE,F)Et,Ek

D IP(E) P,B1 ,IP B1 ,P,IP,Et,A(E) P,Bl,(F,AE,E)RS.Ck

E A ( E ) ,P(E ,AE) ,IP ,Et Et(sev ) ,B1 ,A(E) ,P,IP P(AE.F) ,B1 .Ck.RS.IF P(F,AE, E)RS , IF, Ck

G Et(mod-sev) ,P,IP H,A+Et(sev) ,P,IP P+DS.IP H,P(F) ,A(sev) , DS ,Ck

55 Type 304 Sheet, A N IP DS N anneal ed B N RS N N

C H.T.IP T.P.IP H,P+T(E,AE),Et H,T,P(AE,F)

D IF N DS P,T(E,AE)

E H.P.IP H,T,P,IP H.T+P" H,T,P(E,AE,F)IF,RS

G H ( E ) ,P,IP,Et(sev) A(sev) ,P,IP P,Et,DS,RS H,T,P(E,AE,F)Et,A(sev

56 Type 304 Sheet, A Et[E(sl i ) ] , I

P(sl i ) , IP Et(sli) ,IP P,RS

sensitized B Et (sli).lP N Et(mod) N C H,T(E),P H,P(E,AE),T ,A( E ) , IP1 H,P,A(sev),IP H,T,P(E,AE,F) , Ck

D IF T ,P(E,AE) ,IP,B1 ' Et , P ( AE ) ,T(E,AE) ,B1 H,T,P(E,AE,F)

E H.P.IP H.T.P.IP H ,T «P ,Et ,RS H,T,P(E,AE,F)IF,Ck

G H(E) ,P,IP H,A,P,IP,Et(sev) A(sev) ,P+Et(sl i ) , I P , Et H,T,P(F,AE,E)Et(sev) ,i

58 Type 316 Sheet, A N IP RS (si i

)

N annealed B N N DS(sli) N C Et.IP IP P(E),RS P(E)RS

D N N N N

E A+T(E),P(E,F) H, T.P.IP H,P(E,AE) H,T , P(AE , E, F) G IP IP N H,T,P(AE,E)

59 Type 316 Sheet, A IP(E) P(sli),IP P(sli),IP,RS,Et P (SI i ) ( F) sensitized B N DS Et.RS P(Sli)

C P(E,F) ,H(E) A+P(E),T,Et(sli) P,A(E) ,Et P(E)Et.RS.A

D IP N Et.P.DS N E P(E) P,A(E) ,Et(§l i

)

A(E) ,T(E,F) ,RS,IF A(E)T s P(AE,E,F)IF,RS

G P(E) P,IP,Et(sli) IP.P.RS H,T, P(E,AE ) ,A(E ) IF 60 Type 409 Sheet, A IP N H,P(E,AE,F).jDS P(AE,E,F)R.S annealed B N P(sli) DS ,RS P(F)

C P,H(E) ,Et{sev) H,P,Et(sev) ,T,IP H,P(E S AE,F) ,A,RS,IP H,P(E,AE,F)A(sev)Et,If

D IF.RS P,T H,P(E,AE,F),T.Et H,T,P(F,AE,E)

E H,T(E,F),P H ,T(AE ,F) ,P 8 IP,Et(s! i }H ,T(E,AE,F) ,RS ,IF H,T,P{E,AE,F)IF,RS

G H,Et(sev),P,IP H,P,A(sev), Et.IP H ,P(E,AE,F) ,A(sev) H,P, (F,AE,E).IF,A(sev)
Table 5 (Cont'd)

System Stainless Specimen Type Test Results of Visual Examination of Spedmens (e)~ steel and Treatment Site

(c) Exposed 1 year Exposed 2 years Exposed 3 years Exposed 7 years

8 18 Cr-8 Ni (N) Sheet, A IP annealed B N C IP

D N E(d) P.(E) G P(E,F) ,IP

10 26 Cr-6.5 Ni Sheet, A P(sli),IP

annealed B N C H.T.P.IP

D N E(o) H.P.IP

G H,P,A+Et(sev) , I

14 Composite A Sheet, hot A Et(sev) ,P rolled and B Et(sev) ,P , IP pickled C Et(sev) ,P D Et(sev) ,P E(d) Et[E+F(sev)]

G Et(sev) ,B1 ,P(AE]

15 Composite B Sheet, hot- A N dip zinc coated B N (4.5 oz/sq. ft.- C N Zn) D N

E (d

)

A[F(sli)]

G P(F) ,F1 (E,AE)

16 Composite C Sheet, hot A Et(sev) ,P(AE,F) rolled and B Et(sev) ,P pickled C Et(sev) ,P D Et(sev),P

E(d) Et(sev) ,P G Et(sev),P

Exposed in 1972 Exposed 1 year

7 18 Cr-2 Mo(Nb) Sheet, A N annealed B N

C N

D N

E P,IP

G N

N N RS (S1 1

)

RS DS .IF N P.IP.RS P(E) ,RS,IF P(E)RS, IF Et(sli) DS N P(E) H,P(E,AE) ,RS,IF RS ( AE , E

)

H,P,T(E,AE) ,Et,IP A(mod) , Et ( si i ), I

A ( SI i ) (F)RS(E)

P [ s 1 i (AE)] DS P(Sli )(F,AE)

RS DS N H ,T(E) ,P,IP H,P(E,AE,F) ,Et(sl i

)

h,t,p(ae,e,f)if

IP N H,P(F)

H,P,T(E,AE,F),IP H,P(E,AE,F) ,IP N H,P,T(E,AE) , I

P,IP,DS,RS P(E,F)

P,Et[(sev)AE,F] P(E,AE,F),Et P(E,AE,F) ,A, (sev)Et

P,Et[(sev),AE,F],A(E) P(E,AE,F),Et P(E,AE,F) ,A, (sev)Et

P.Et(AE.F) ,A(E) P(E,AE,F) ,Et P, (E,AE,F) ,A, (sev )Et P.Et(AE.F) RS ,P(E ,AE ,F) ,Et P(E,AE,F)A,(sev)Et

P,Et(AE,F) RS,P(E,AE,F),Et P(E,AE,F)A, (sev)Et

P.Et(AE.F) ,A(E) P(E,AE,F),Et P(E,AE,F)A, (sev)Et

N,c N N N N A ( SI i ) (E,AE)

N N A ( SI i )(F,E,AE)

N N N N A[F(sl i )] N(E.AE.F)

P[F(sl 1 )] A[F( si 1 )] A(Mod),P,Et

P.Et(AE.F) P(E,AE,F) ,Et P(E,AE,F)A(sev)Et

P,Et(AE ,F) ,A(E) P(E ,AE ,F)-,Et P(E,AE,F)A(sev)Et

P.Et AE,F P(E ,AE ,F) ,Et,RS P(E,AE,F)A(sev)Et

P.Et(AE.F) RS,P(E,AE,F)Et P(E,AE,F)A(sev)Et

P.Et AE,F) RS,P(E,AE,F)Et P(E,AE,F)A(sev)Et

P.Et(AE.F) P(E,AE,F) ,Et P(E,AE,F)A(sev)Et

Exposed 2 years Exposed 6 years

P,DS N DS N

P ( E , AE ) ,RS,IF P(E,AE,F)

N RS.DS P(AE,F),RS IF P(E,F) H,T,P(AE,E,F)

(a) Results given for each system at each of the six soil test sites are a summary tabulation

for four individual specimens.

(b) Specimen dimensions and treatment for each system are given in Table 2.

(c) Properties of the soils for each of the test sites are given in Table 1.

(d) Specimens removed from site "E" in 1979 after 8 years exposure.

(e) Abbreviations used:

A- Metal attack

AE- Adjacent to edge

Bl- Blisters

BS- Black stain

c- Coating chipped

Ck- Specimen cracked

DS- Dark stain

E- Edge

Et- Etched

F- Face

FI- Coating flaked

H- Perforation

IF- Iridescent film

IP- Incipient pitting

mod- Moderate

N- No apparent attack

P- Pitting

RS- Rust stain

s- Scored area

sev- Severe

si i - Slight

T- Tunneling

U- Undercutting
TaDle b (Cont'd.) Stainless

steel Specimen Type Testand Treatment Site

Results of Visual Examination of Specimens (e)~

Exposed 4 years

System

61 Type 409 Sheet, A N N painted B N N

C N N D N N

E N N

G N N

61 Type 409 Sheet, A RS(s) N painted B RS f s

)

RS(s) and C RS(s,c) RS[s slill.U

scored D c,RS(s) RS[s(sl i )

j

E c,RS(s) P+RS(s),U,Bl

G RS(s) P+RS(s) ,U,B1

64 Type 410 Sheet, A P+IP(E,F) T,P,A(E) annealed B IP N

C H.P.IP H,P,Et(sev),A,IP

D H.P.T.IP

H(E)T

H,T ,P,A(E) ,Et(sev)

E H.T.P.IP

G Et(sev), H.P.IP H,A+Et(sev) ,P,IP

65 Type 430 Sheet, A Et(sli),iP IP annealed B N N

C H(E) H.P.T.Et

D IF T(F)

E H.T.IP H,T,P,IP

G H,Et(sev) ,P,IP H,P,A+Et(sev),IP

66 Type 434 Sheet, A N IP annealed B IP N

C H(E) H.P.T.IP

P(F) , I P ( E

)

D N E H.P.IP H.T.P.IP

G H(E) ,P,IP H,P,A+Et(sev) ,IP

Exposed in 1971 Exposed 1 year Exposed 2 years

1 26 Cr-1 Mo Sheet, A IP N annealed B N RS

C IP(E) IP.RS

D IP Et(sli)

E(d) IP N G Et(sl i ) , I

N

NN

NNRS(c)

N

RS(s)

NRS(s)

Bl+ll(s) RS(s RS(s)

H,P(E,AE,F),DS,IP

P IP RS

H |p(E ,AE,F) ,E t+A(sl i

)

H,T(E,AE,F),P(E,F),A(E)

H,T(E,AE,F),P,RS,DS

H,P(E,AE,F),A(sev)

P.T.IP

IFH,P(E,AE,F),Et(sli),A(sev)

H,T(E,AE,F),P

H ,P+T(E ,AE ,F) ,IP ,RS H,P(E,AE,F),A{sev),IP

N

NH,P(E,AE,F),T(E,AE),Et,IP

H,T(AE).P(AE,F)

H,P,T(E,AE,F),RS

P(E,AE) ,Et(sl 1 ) ,RS

Exposed 3 years

DS

DSP.RS.IP.IF

RSIF.RS

N

Exposed 8 years

N

N

NNRS(E) ,B1 N

N

NRS ( s ) ,B1 ,U (s

)

RS(s)

RS (s )U (s

)

A(s)Bl(s)U(s),RS(S)

P,T(F,AE,E)RS

P(F),RS(E)

H,P(E,AE,F) ,A(sev) H>T,P(F,E,AE)

H,T, P(E,AE, F)RS H,P(F,E,AE),A(sev),IF,RS

N

NH,T , P( F,E,AE)Et ,DS H,P,T{F,E,AE)

H,T,P(E,AE,F)

H,P(F,AE,E),A(sev)RS,DS

N

NH,T,P(F,E,AE)

H,P,T(F,AE,E)

H,T ,P(E,AE,F)IF,RS

H,P,T(E,AE,F)

Exposed 7 years

NNRS(sev) ,DS

N

N

N

2 18 Cr(Ti) Sheet, annealed

4 20 Cr-24 Ni- Sheet,

6.5 Mo annealed

5 20 Cr-24 Ni- Sheet, 6.5 Mo sensitized

6 18 Cr-2 Mo Sheet, annealed

A P(sli),IP N Et(sli),P,RS P(S 1 1 )AE

B N Et(sl i ) ,RS DS N C H,P,Et,IP Et.P(E.F) , IP.RS H,P(E,F) ,Et(sl i ) , IP H,P(F,AE) ,A,RS

D P(AE) ,T,IP N RS H,T,P(F,AE)

E(d) H,P,T H,P(E,AE,F),T H,P(E,AE,F) ,IP H,T,P(E,AE,F)

G H,P,A+Et(sev) , I

H,P(E,AE,F) .Et.IP P,A(sev), IP.RS H,P(E,AE,F)Et,A(sev) A IP N DS N

B N Et(sl i ) ,RS N N

C IP(E) N fl N D N Et ( si i ) ,RS RS N E(d) N N N N G N N RS N

A IP N DS N

B N N DS N C IP Et(sli), IP.RS Et(sl i ) ,P(E) ,RS RS,DS

D IP Et(sl i

)

IF.DS N Eld) A ( E

)

Et(sli

)

DS N G P(E) ,Et(sl i )

, IP Et(sli) Ft(sl i ) ,DS N

A IP N DS N

B IP N DS,IF N C T ,P(E,F) ,IP RS P(AE) ,RS,DS H,T,P(AE,E,F)RS

D N Et(sl i

)

RS.IF P.T(F)

Eld) H.P.IP H,P(E,AE,F) ,RS H,P(E,AE,F) N

G H ,T,A,P,IP H,P(E,AE,F),Et P(E) ,RS,DS H,P(E,F,AE)
Table

6.

Stannary

of

results^

obtained

from

visual

examination

of

welded

stainless

steel

sheet

and

tube

specimens

buried

In

the

soils

at

six

NBS

soil

corrosion

test

sites

for

up

to8

years.


Table 7.

2

Average Weight Loss (mg/din ) and Pit Depth (mils) for

Stainless Steel Sheet and Tube Specimens Buried in

Sagemoor Sandy Loam (Site A) for up to EightYears

Average^

System* Material Treat- £xposure, Weight Loss Pit Depth, mils^'

ment Time, - (a) Days mg mg/dnr Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

Exposed in 1 970

50 Type 201 A 413 — — -- --

791 -- -- 1442 - - -- —

2989 1 <1

51 Type 202 A 413 _ _ — —

791 - - — IP -- 1442 -- 2989 <1 <1 <5

52 Type 301 A 413 _ _ — —

791 — -- <5 -- 1442 — -- -- __ 2989 — — —

53 Type 301 S 413 50 4 IP —

791 180 14 <5 —

"r 1442 1247 99 <5 __ 2989 74 6 <5 --

54 Type 301 XBW 413 - - __ _

_

791 — _ _ <5

1442 - - — —

2989 — — —

55 Type 304 A 413 a. <»

• _ _ —

791 -- - - 1442 — — -- 2989 96 8 — —

56 Type 304 S 413 256 20 _ _ _ _ 791 227 18 <5 -- 1442 614 49 -- 2989 858 68 12 —

57 Type 304 HW 413 «» mm mm 791 - - - - -- —

1442 18 —

2989 70 17 <5 <5
Table 7 (Con't.)

System* -Material Treatment

(a)

£xposure,

Time,

Days

Average^) .

Weiqht Loss

o mg mg/dm

Pit. Depth, mil s^

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

58 Type 316 A 413

791 -- -- -- —

1442 - - -- 2989 — T59 Type 316 S 413 «... «. IP

791 58 5 <5 -- 1442 384 31 7 —

2989 145 12 6 <5

60 Type 409 A 413 3 <1 29 «. «. 791 1 <1 <5 —

1442 150 12 H H

2989 12 <1 31 3

62 Type 409 HW 413 176 70 «. « 791 91 36 IP -- 1442 32 13 H - - 2989 -- — <5 —

63 Type 409 HFW 413 467 86 • IP — «. 791 139 71 <5 - - 1442 210 108 H H

2989 <1 <1 19 —

64 Type 410 A 413 3495 278 48 «. «, 791 68 5 20 7

1442 8843 704 H H

2989 1354 109 28 8

65 Type 430 A 413 » «. «. «, «, «, 791 . — - - IP —

1442 66 5 22

2989 66 • 5 — —

66 Type 434 A 413 «, «. 791 - - — IP - _ 1442 — -- - - - • - 2989 13 1

* --
Table 7 (Con’t.)

Average^)

System* -Material Treat- £xposure, Weight toss

merit Time,

(a) Days mg mg/^Jr;r

Pit Depth, mils^ ^

(el Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

Exposed in 1971

1 26Cr-lMo

r A 496 <1 <1 IP —

860 - - -- —

1147 — -- • •*

• 2574 <1 <1 --

2 18Cr(Ti) A 496 1 <1 IP

860 3 <1 -- 1147 1 <1 <5 - - 2574 — mm <5 —

3 18Cr(Ti) XBW 496 * m •» <5 .. _ 860 4 <1 <5 —

1147 4 <1 —

2574 — -- — --

4 20Cr*t24Ni- A 496 mm » IP _ _ 6.5Mo 860 <1 <1 —

1147 <1 <1 - - —

2574 — — — --

5 20Cr-24Ni- S 496 m m IP _ _

6 . 5Mo 860 — -- 1147 — mm -- - - 2574 — mm — —

6 18Cr-2Mo A 496 IP «. — 860 1 <1 —

1147 <1 <1 - _ —

2574 — «• «• -- --

8 18Cr-8Ni (N) A 496 •> •> r - IP

860 — •» -- -- 1147 - - —

2574 -- — •» •» --

9 18Cr-8Ni(N) XBW 496 _ _ m m IP

860 — m m —

1147 2 <1 .... _ _ 2574 — — — --

10 26Cr-6.5Ni A 496 <5

860 -- -- <5 o. - 1147 3 <1 -- - _ 2574 — <5 » _
Table 7 (Con't.)

Average^

.Material Treat- £xposure, Weight Loss Pit Depth, mils^

merit Time,

?

(a) Days mg mg/drir Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

14

(cl Composite A 496 80800 6357 N/A

860 116350 9153 N/A

1147 165175 T2995 N/A

2574 178675 14057 N/A

15

(cl Composite B

v HDZ 496 ‘ 1150 90 N/A

860 21975 1729 N/A

1147 27875 2193 N/A

2574 28425 2236 N/A

16

(cl Composite C

v 1 - - 496 83275 6551 N/A

860 112175 8825 N/A

1147 149075 11728 N/A

2574 185850 14621 N/A

17 26Cr-lHo HW 496 ' — - <5 * « 860 M. « -- -- -- 1147 <1 <1 16 - - 2574 -- —

18 18Cr(Ti

)

HW 496 Oi — _ _ 860 -- -- — —

1174 4 2 — —

2574 5 2 — —

19 20Cr-24Ni- HW 496 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 . 5Mo 860 -- -- —

1147 — - - — —

2574 2 1 — --

Exposed in 1972

7 18Cr-2Mo A 364 » — _ _ — _ (Nb) 651 -- -- <5 -- 2178 5 <1 -- --

11 18Cr-2Mo XBW 364, mm mm (Nb) 651 -- -- -- -- 2178 2 <1 <5 -»

12 18Cr-2Mo HW 354 «... mm mm (Nb) 651 -- -- . <5 -- 2178 -- — J5 —
Table 7 (Con't)

*Systems 12, 17, 18, 19, 57, G2 and 63 were tube specimens fabricated from

sheet material, welded at the seams and then plugged and capped at each end

to minimize internal corrosion. Specimens of all other systems were flat

sheet material.

(a) Abbreviations used:

HFU-high frequency weld

HDZ-hot-dip zinc coated (galvanized,

4.5 oz/ft2

) after bonding. See

footnote (c).

A-annealed

S-sensitized

* XBVJ-cross-bead weld

HW-heliarc weld

(b) Average for four specimens. -- indicates negligible or none.

(c) All composites were metal! urgically bonded.

Composite A-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

‘Composite B-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite C-Carbon steel/Type 304/Carbon steel.

(d) 1 mil =0.025 mm. IP-incipient pitting. H-perforated. N/A- not

applicable. W-weld.

(e) Average of five deepest pits on each of four individual specimens unless

noted otherwise.

(f) Average of ten deepest pits on each of four individual specimens.

2

Table 8. Average Weight Loss (mg/dm ) and Pit Depth (mils) for

Stainless Steel Sheet and Tube Specimens Buried in

Hagerstown Loam (Site B) for up to Eight Years.

Average^)

System* .Material Treat- £xposure, Weight Loss Pit Depth, mils^

ment Time,

2 f e

)

(a) Days mg mg/dm Maximum Average of S Deepest

Exposed in 1970

50 Type 201 A 371 -- •» » -- —

736 -- -- —

1513 -- m m 2988 — — —

51 Type 202 A 371 _ _ _ _ —

736 — -- -- - - 1513 — -- -- 2988 -- -- -- --

52 Type 301 A 371 a* _ _ - - - - 736 - - -- —

1516 — • •• — -- 2988 — •» — --

53 Type 301 S 371 10 <1 IP

736 22 2 -- -- 1513 204 16

2988 56 4 <5 --

54 Type 301 XBW 371 _ _ » — _ „ 736 -- -- 1513 — -- •» a* —

2988 — •• «• -- --

55 Type 304 A 371 _ _ _ _ _ _ 736 -- -- 1513 - - -- -- —

2988 -- T1 » — --

56 Type 304 S 371 785 62 — —

736 660 53 -- 1513 707 56 -- - - 2988 102 8 — —

57 Type 304 HW 371 _ _ _ _ — — 736 — -- - - —

1513 -- - - —

2988 — r- — --
Table 8 (Con't,)

System*

58

59

60

62

63

64

65

66

.Material Treatment

(a)

£xposure,

Time,

Days

Average^?

Weight Loss

mg mg/dm

Pit Depth, mils^

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

Type 316 A 371

736 -- -- -- —

1513 — -- -- -- 2988 — — -- —

Type 316 S 371 — - -- 738 25 2 -- -- 1513 261 21 -- —

2988 138 11 <5 —

Type 409 A 371 — — — - - — - - 736 <1 <1 -- -- 1513 <1 <1

* -- -- 2988 6 <1 14 --

Type 409 HW 371 «. — _ — _ - - - 736 - - — • IP -- 1513 — - - -- -- 2988 -- — -- --

Type 409 HFW 371 - - —

736 -- -- . IP --

• 1513 -- -- -- -- 2988 -- — -- --

Type 410 A 371 1458 116 - - 736 1207 96 -- -- 1513 72 6 -- -- 2988 48 4 <5 --

Type 430 A 371 1 <1 — —

736 <1 <1 -- —

1513 — -- — —

2988 — -- -- --

Type 434 A 371 _ — - _ —

736 -- -- — -- 1513 -- -- -- -- 2988 - - - - -- --
Table 8 (Con't,

)

Average^.

System* .Material Tre^t- £xposure, Weight Loss PU Depth, mils^

ment Time,

(a) Days mg mg/dm Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

Exposed in 1971

1 26Cr-lMo A 394 <1 <1 « » -- 777 -- - - -- 1170 1 <1 -- 2617 -- --

2 18Cr-Ti A 394 3 <1 •• m —

777 T’ -- —

1170 -- -- 2617 2 <1 »*T

3 18Cr(Ti

)

XBW 394 «...

t m m - - —

777 -- - -- -- -- 1170 2 <1 - - 2517 — mm mm ** •

4 20O-24Ni- A 394 — _ a - - _ 6. 5Mo 777 2 <1 -- 1170 <1 <1 -- -- 2617 4 <1 — --

5 20Cr-24Ni- S 394 • T-** 6 . 5Mo 777 •» T-- 1170 mm mm 2617 — mm mm. --

6 18Cr-2Mo A 394 1 <1 a _ a a 777 - - — -- 1170 6 <1 — —

2617 2 <1 --

8 18Cr-8Ni(N) A 394 ^ — a _ a a 777 2 . <1 -- 1170 — - - —

2617 — -- —

9 18Cr-8Ni (N) XBW 394 _ _ — a. a a a _ 777 — r~

- - 1170 — - - -- 2617 — -- —

10 260-6. 5Ni A 394 a, a a a a a a a 777 - - - - a - 1170 -- — -- —

2617 2 <l --
Table 8 (Con't,)

item*r .Material -Treatment

(a)

-Exposure,

Time,

Days

Average^)

, Weight Loss

2 mg mg/dm

Pit Depth, mils^

• ( 6

)

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

14

(cl Composite A

v ‘ 394 65925 5186 N/A

111 87425 6878 N/A

1170 100400 7899 N/A

14 2617 150675 11854 N/A

15

( c

)

Composite B

v HDZ 394 — N/A

111 5875 462 N/A

1170 4275 336 N/A

2617 21125 1662 N/A

16

(cl Composite C

v 394 77833 6123 N/A

111 107350 8445 N/A

1170 110900 8724 N/A

2617 161250 12685 N/A

17 26Cr-lMo HW 397 — -- -- —

111 -- -- — -- 1170 -- -- — -- 2617 — -- - - - -

18 18Cr-Ti HW 394 1 <1 -- -- 111 -- -- -- --

» 1170 2 <1 -- —

2617 3 1 -- —

19 20Cr-24Ni- HW 394 — — -- --

6 . 5Mo 111 -- — -- -- 1170 -- -- — -- 2617 <1 <1 — —

Exposed in 1972

7 18Cr-2Mo A 395 — -- —

(Nb) 801 — — — -- 2232 — - - “ — “ *•

11 1 8Cr-2Mo XBW 395 _ — — — -- (Nb) 801 -- — -- -- 2232 -- - - - —

12 1 8Cr-2Mo HW 395 - - — -- —

(Nb) 801 -- -- — --

- 2232 — -- 7 --
Tabl e 8 (Con ' t

)

*Systcms 12, 17, 18, 19, 57, G2 and 63 were tube specimens fabricated from

sheet material, welded at the seams and then plugged and capped at each end

to minimize internal corrosion. Specimens of all other systems were flat

sheet material.

(a) Abbreviations used:

A-annealed

S-sensitized

XBVJ-cross-bead weld

HW-heliarc weld

(b) Average for four specimens. —

HFU-high frequency weld

HDZ-hot-dip zinc coated (galvanized,

4.5 oz/ft2

) after bonding. See

.footnote (c).

indicates negligible or none.

(c) All composites were metal lurgically bonded.

Composite A-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite B-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite C-Carbon steel/Type 304/Carbon steel.

(d) 1 mil=0.J)25 mm. IP-incipient pitting. H-perforated. N/A- not

applicable. W-weld.

(e) Average of five deepest pits on each of four individual specimens unless

noted otherwise.

(f) Average of ten deepest pits on each of four individual specimens.

2

Table 9, Average Weight Loss (mg/dm ) and Pit Depth (mils)

for Stainless Steel Sheet and Tube Specimens

Buried in Clay (Site C) for up to Eight Ye$rs.

Average^

System* Material Treat- Exposure, Weight Loss Pit Depth, mils^'

ment Time, ' 2

(a) Days mg mg/dnr Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

Exposed in 1970

50 Type 201 A 377 767 61 H -- 727 872 69 H . - 1463 1242 99 H H

2926 4222 336 H —

51 Type 202 A 377 504 40 H <m «• 727 680 54 H H

1463 435 35 H H

2926 1073 85 H H

52 Type 301 A 377 169 13 20

727 505 40 H H

1463 406 32 H H

2926 549 44 H H

53 Type 301 S 377 3651 291 48 15

727 12930 1030 19 14

1463 14163 1128 H

2926 43237 3444 H H

54 Type 301 XBW 377 368 29 63 — 727 379 30 16 6

1463 524 42 H H

2926 694 55 H --

55 Type 304 A 377 300 24 H

727 609 48 H —

1463 4268 340 H H

2926 2410 192 H H

56 Type 304 S 377 1491 119 H 727 1745 139 H -- 1463 8022 639 H H

2926 5778 460 H H
Table S (Can't.)

5 /'.tern* .Mater 'al Treatment

(a)

Average

^

£xposure, Weight Loss

Tine,

Days mg mg/dm

Pit

Ma /

'

rr. .

Depth, nils '

;

Average of 5 Dee:

(e) ;pct '

57 Type 304 HU 377 — -- —

727 74 18 16 5

1463 74 18 7 6

2926 494 121 11 6

58 Type 316 A 377 «... - - —

727 -- -- —

1463 6 <1 63 -- 2926 5 <1 -- --

59 Type 316 S 377 568 45 H —

727 707 56 T -- 1463 988 79 . 1 20 (T

)

—

2926 1000 80 — --

60 Type 409 A 377 6329 504 H 7?7 5462 435 . H 1453 10349 824 H H

2926 16821 1340 H H

62 Type 409 HW 377 822 328 H

727 2842 1133 H "Hcf)

1463 3947 1574 H H

2926 10357 4130 H H

63 Type 409 HFW 377 1245 638 18

727 2166 1110 H H 1463 4407 2259 H H

2926 2389 1224 H H

64 Type 410 A 377 7053 562 30

727 1 5999 1274 H — _ 1463 30574 2436 H H

2926 71198 5672 H H

65 Type 430 A 377 4741 378 H

727 5083 405 H H 1463 8973 715 H H 2926 6007 478 H H

66 Type 434 A 377 513 41 H

727 927 74 H "S(f>

1463 1619 129 H H 2926 2015 160 H H
Table 9 (Con't,)

System* .Material Treatment

(a)

Average^)

fxposure, Weight loss

Time,

?

Days mg mg/dnr

Pit Depth, mils (d)

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

(e)

Exposed in 1971

1 26Cr-lMo A 350 9 <1 IP

730 -- IP -- 1086 •• •* -- <5 -- 2549 — - - —

2 1 8Cr(Ti

)

A 350 1008 80 H -- 730 628 50 42

1086 227 18 H -- 2549 1399 111 H 18

3 18Cr(Ti) XBW 350 569 45 H

730 163 13 24 —

1086 101 8 K —

2549 160 13 H H

4 20Cr-24Ni- A 350 2 <1 IP _ _

6 . 5Mo 730 -- ... 1086 _ _ •* r _ _ 2549 • m •» • -- —

5 20Cr-24Ni- S 350 11 <1 IP

6.5Mo 730 -- •r IP —

1086 14 1 22 -- 2549 -- -- -- --

6 18Cr-2Mo A 350 26 2 <5 — — 730 6 <1 —

1086 1 <1 7 -- 2549 103 8 H —

8 18Cr-8Ni (N) A 350 - - r - IP __ 730 -- • • <5

1086 5 <1 50

2549 12 <1 <5 --

9 18Cr-8Ni(N) XBW 350 462 37 141

730 552 44 10 -- 1086 554 44 H -- 2549 90 7 H H

10 26Cr-6. 5Ni A 350 423 34 H

730 80 6 H H

1086 132 11 H H

2549 284 23 H H
Table 9 (Con't.)

System* .Material Treatment

(a)

£xposure

Time,

Days

. (b) Average •

, Weight Loss

2

mg mg/dm

Pit

Maximum

Depth, mils^

Average of 5

14

( c ) Composite A

v ' 350 38500 3029 N/A

730 60975 4797 N/A

1086 133000 10463 N/A

2549 320325 25201 N/A

15

( c

)

Composite B HDZ 350 43025 3385 N/A

730 57950 4559 N/A

1086 80600 6341 N/A

2549 77450 6093 N/A

16

• (c

)

Composite •350 40500 3186 N/A

730 59175 4655 N/A

1086 126100 9921 N/A

2549 379850 29883 N/A

17 26Cr-l Mo HW 350 — — - _ — -- 730 - - <5 -- 1086 58 14 35 7

2549 3 <1 41 6

10 18Cr(Ti) HW 350 120 48 H -- 730 50 20 H H

* 1086 81 32 H H 2549 46 18 H H

19 20Cr-24Ni HW

6 . 5Mo 350 -- — -- -- 730 <1 <1 — -- 1086 -- -- -- -- 2549 -- -- -- —

(e)

Exposed in 1972

1 8Cr-2Mo A 380 <5 -- (Nb) 736 6 <1 <5 -- 2199 59 5 55 —

18Cr-2Mo XBW 380 60 5 <5 —

(Nb) 736 136 11 H(T) —

2199 408 33 H 30

18Cr-2Mo HW 380 _ - _ - —

(Nb) 736 160 39 7 —

2199 -- -- 43 7

12
Table 9 (Con't)

^Systems 12, 17, 18, 19, 57, G2 and 63 were tube .specimens fabricated from

sheet material, welded at the seams and then plugged and capped at each end

to minimize internal corrosion. Specimens of all other systems were flat

sheet material

(a) Abbreviations used:

A-annealed

S-sensitized

XBVJ-cross-bead weld

HW-heliarc weld

(b) Average for four specimens.

. HFU-high frequency weld

HDZ-hot-dip zinc coated (galvanized,

4.5 oz/ft2

) after bonding. See

footnote (c).

indicates negligible or none.

(c) All composites were metal lurgically bonded.

Composite A-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite B-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite C-Carbon steel/Type 304/Carbon steel.

(d) 1 mil=0.025 mm. IP-incipient pitting. H-perforated. N/A- not

applicable. W-weld.

(e) Average of five deepest pits on each of four individual specimens unless

noted otherwise.

(f) Average of ten deepest pits on each of four individual specimens.
.
Table 10.

System*

Exposed

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

9

Averagc’tfcight Loss (mg/dnr) and Pit Depth (mils)

for Stainless Steel Sheet and Tube Specimens Buried

in Lakewood Sand (Site D) for up to Eight Years.

Material

Average^

Treat- Exposure, VJeiqht Loss Pit Depth, mils^'

ment Time

,

? (a) Days mg mg/dm Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

in 1970

Type 201 A 377 . 0 - IP

727 «a» « m<xo 40 C5> G2> 1463 -- -- «» «» 2926 364 29 H 16

Type 202 A 377 „ _ Oi> C£y <s& 727 « O «6 «zb ej 1463 9 <1 a

2926 100 8 H <S» K3

Type 301 A 377 met aa IP

727 Ofc SB<S» IP «£» «S> 1463 — mm* mu czo 2926 — mm mset <S»Q3

Type 301 S 377 714 57 e» <10 ia» est 727 1100 88 «*• «s> ea is 1463 1499 119 30 7

2926 4815 384 58 31

Type 301 XBW 377 Cb e» «« «»« £2* M

«z> sa IP

<S

® (£>

<S» <E» 2926 31 2 40 8

Type 304 A 377 11 <1 IP

727 — «£) <3> GS 1463 o» a, — ou 2926 211 17 H H

Type 304 S 377 268 21 «a»«aa «a ®6 727 711 57 H <c* a 1463 1243 99 57 « «s 2926 7944 633 H H

Type 304 HW 377 *£> CO 727 «.

«*> ®c mt 1463 -- mm 8 ea ee 2926 181 44 Sb l£3
System*

58

59

60

62

63

64

65

66

Table 10 (Con't.)

Average (b)

Material Treatment

(a)

Exposure

Time,

Days

, Weight Loss •

o mg mg/dm

Pit

Maximum*

Type 316 A 377

*

727 _ _ 1463 — — • 2926 -- -- —

Type 316 S 377 99 8

727 144 11 « mm 1463 179 14 <5

2926 132 10 m « Type 409 A 377

727 258 20 54

1463 620 49 H

2926 2166 172 H

Type 409 HW 377 m « 727 — <1 21

1463 83 33 H

2926 705 281 H

Type 409 HFW 377 7 4 H

727 34 18 H

• 1463 108 55 . •H

2926 860 441 H

Type 410 A 377 146 12 H

727 1157 92 H

1463 920 73 H

2926 7578 604 H

Type 430 A 377 0 0

727 22 2 18

1463 186 15 H

2926 1638 130 H

Type 434 A 377

727 <1 <1 56

1463 56 4 H

2926 1123 89 H

Pit Depth, mils (d)

Maximum* Average of 5 Deepest (e)

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H
Table 10 (Con't.)

System* Material

Average^

Treat- Exposure, Weight loss

nent Time,

2

(4) Oavs mg mg/dnr

Pit Depth, nils ^.*

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest^

Exposed in 1971

1 26Cr-lMo A 350 <1 <1 IP m m 727 <1 <1 -- T

1086 3 <1 —

\ 2549 3 <1 --

2 18Cr(Ti) A 350 8 <1 23 \ 727 —

rr —

‘ 1086 — m m \ ' —

2549 109 9 H 14

3 18Cr(Ti

)

XBW 350 3 <1 26 14

727 <1 <1 • mm 1086 •»« T- mm 2549 28 2 61 8

4 20Cr-24Ni- A 350 2 <1 mm.

* 6.5Mo 727 1 <1 — -• 1086 <1 <1

2549 21 2 mm. '

5 20Cr-24Ni- $ 350 •• mm IP mm 6.5Mo 727 •» mm -- —

1086 — mrnt

-- -- 2549 -- m m e» m cs m

6 18Cr-2Mo A 350 <1 <1 m m m m 727 1 <1 mm —

1086 <1 <1 m m -- 2549 40 3 23 —

8 18Cr-8Ni (N) A 350 -- IP ... 727 mm •»

1086 -- — mm — — 2549 -- rnm m m

9 18Cr-8Ni(N) XBW 350 -- mm mm -- 727 m m IP

1C86 •* — mm m m —

2549 132 IP 30 19

10 26Cr*6.5Ui A 350 m m m m .. 727 -- m m -- -- 1086 mm «a m -- 2549 121 10 H m o
Table 10 (Con’t.)

'Stem* .Material Treatment

(a)

Exposure,

Tine,

Days

Average^)

Weight Loss

2

mg mg/dm

Pit

Maximum

(Hi

Depth, nilsV '

Average of 5 Deepest

14

(cl

Composite A 350 26300 2069 N/A *

• 727 32075 2523 N/A

1086 45100 3548 N/A

2549 130175 10241 N/A

15

(c) Composite B. HDZ 350 m • -- N/A

727 •» • m mm N/A

1086 1200 94 N/A

2549 26575 2091 N/A

16

(cl Composite C • 350 26250 2065 N/A

727 38900 3060 N/A

1086 48000 3776 N/A

2549 130100 10235 N/A

17 26Cr-lMo HW 350 _ _ .. mmm — -- 727 mm mm — — --

1086 -- «• •» m m 2549 m mm — -- --

18 1 8Cr (T i

)

HW 350 m mm mm mm • • •• 727 <1 <1 -- —

1086 3 1 m mm —

2549 1 <1 m mm

19 20Cr-24Ni HW 350 -- — — mmm 6.5Mo 727 -- -- — m m 1086 2 1 -- mmm 2549 - - m mm mmm

Exposed in 1972

7 18Cr-2Mo A 380 -- — mm mm •* m (Nb) 736 -- -- mm m 2199 •• •• mm m * •

11 l8Cr-2Mo XBW 38C 4 <1 mm mm --

(Nb) 736 15 1 -- m mm 219? no 9 41 m m

12 18Cr-2Mo HW 38C m • -- -- --

(Nb) 736 mm • — -- •» » 2199 •» m — 10 •B •»
Table 11

2

. Average Weight Loss (mg/dm ) and Pit Depth (mils)

for Stainless Steel Sheet and Tube Specimens Buried in

Coastal Sand (Site E) for up to Eight Years.

Average^)

System* Material Treat- £xposure, Weight Loss Pit Depth, mils^

ment Time,

p

(a) Days mg mg/dm Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

Exposed in 1970

50 Type 201 A 377 1272 101 H —

727 3294 262 H ;<«

1463 5705 454 H

2926 5721 456 H • H

51 Type 202 A

• 377 774 62 H *nCf> 727 1943 155 H

1463 1939 154 H H

2926 585 47 H H

52 Type 301 A 377 1315 105 H "(f)

727 2713 216 H

1463 2320 185 H H

2926 898 72 H H

53 Type 301 S 377 1375 no <5

727 3723 296 8 -- 1463 4873 388 28 14

2926 26427 2105 40 24

54 Type 301 XBW 377 1052 84 H "(f)

727 2542 202 H 1463 2828 225 H H

2926 1110 88 H H

55 Type 304 A 377 1399 111 H «» — 727 3386 270 H 1463 4554 364 H H

2926 2273 181 H --

56 Type 304 S 377 2391 190 H _ am 727 5883 469 H H

1463 11088 883 H H

2926 8078 644 H H

57 Type 304 HW 377 623 152 38 - 727 1414 345 26' 1463 1352 330 53 21

2926 696 170 30 23
System*

58

59

60

62

63

64

65

66

Exposed

Table 11 (Con't.)

.Material

Type 316

Type 316

Type 409

Type 409

Type 409

Type 410

Type 430

Type 434

in 1971

Average^)

Pit Depth, nils^ d ' Treat- Exposure, Weight Loss

ment Tine,

(a) Days mg mg/dm Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

A

‘ 377 156 12 H —

727 515 41 H —

1463 83 7 H *

2926 80 6 H - -

S 377 1322 105 62 —

727 3274 261 <5 —

. 1463 3306 263 H —

2926 1760 140 -- --

A 377 3303 263 H »(f)

727 3947 314 H

1463 5235 417 H. H

. 2926 2868 228 H H

HW 377 742 296 H H

727 1260 502 H H

1463 2417 964 H H

2926 1348 537 H H

HFW 377 753 386 H H

727 1023 524 H H

1463 1702 872 H H

2926 790 405 H H

A 377 3990 318 H H

727 4012 320 H «<f)

1463 8477 675 H

2926 10912 869 H H

A 377 1434 114 H

727 3160 252 H

1463 5084 403 H H

2926 2627 209 H H

A 377 1575 125 H

“to 727 3085 246 H

1463 5174 412 H H

2926 3564 284 H H

A 350 4 <1 IP -- 728 <1 <1 - - -- 1087 <1 <1 - - -- 2904 8 <1 -- --

1 26Cr-lMo
Table 11 (Con*t,)

System* .Material Treatment

(a)

£xposure,

Time,

Days

Average^

Weight Loss

2

mg mg/dm

Pit Depth, mils^'

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

2 18Cr(Ti

)

A 350 542 43 H

if f > 728 464 37 H H 1087 250 20 H H

2904 218 17 H . H

3 18Cr(Ti) XBW 350 538 43 H —

728 688 55 H H 1087 350 28 H H 2904 156 12 H H

4 20Cr-24Ni- A 350 -- -- -- --

6. 5Mo 728 1 <1 -- — " 1087 2 <1 -- 2904 15 1 - -

5 20Cr-24Ni- S 350 no 9 -- --

5 . 5Ho 728 65 5 -- - “ 1087 90 7 — -- 2904 6 <1 — — *"

6 18Cr-2Mo A 350 610 49 H -- 728 534 42 H H 1087 224 18 H H

2904 13 1 — — “

8 18Cr-8Ni (N) A 350 17 1 — -- 728 12 <1 24 — ~ 1087 56 4 H 2904 <1 <1 — —

9 1 8C i— 8N i (N) XBW 350 867 69 H -- 728 1536 122 H -- 1087 1776 141 H -- 2904 394 31 95(W) —

10 26Cr-6.5Ni A 350 389 31 H -- 728 1082 86 H H 1087 1343 107 H H 2904 2 <1 -- ” —

14 Composite A

(c) 350 23500 1849 N/A

728 27125 2134 N/A

. 1087 39100 3076 N/A

2904 221 950 17461 N/A

15 Composite B^

HDZ 350 1325 104 N/A

728 1350 106 N/A

1087 12575 989 N/A

2904 4475 352 N/A
Table 11 (Con't.)

System* Material Treatment

(a)

Exposure

Time,

Days

Average^

, Weight Loss

2

mg mg/dm

Pit

Maximum

Depth, mils^'

Average of 5 Deepest

16 Composite 350 1 9775 1556 N/A

728 17750 1396 N/A

1087 38450 3025 N/A

2904 247700 19487 N/A

17 26Cr-lMo HW 350 m — 13 -- 728 4 <1 5 -- 1087 160 39 50 16

2904 — -- -- • •

18 1 8Cr(Ti

)

HW 350 4 2 — —

728 <1 <1 -- - - 1087 3 1 — —

2904 <1 <1 -- • —

1 9 20Cr-24Ni- HW 350 — -- —

6.5Mo 728 — — -- —

1087 1 <1 — -- 2094 -- - - — ••

Exposed in 1972

7 18Cr-2Mo A 380 -- -- <5 -- (Nb) 736 — — < 5 -- 2199 -- -- - - ••

11 1 8Cr-2Mo XBW 380 515 41 H --

•

(Nb) 736 486 39 H -- 2199 283 22 H H

12 1 8Cr-2Mo HW 380 162 40 H H

(Nb) 736 340 83 H -- 2199 -- -- — --

12
Tabic 11 (Con't)

*$ystems 12, 17, 18, 19, 57, 62 and 63 were tube specimens fabricated from

sheet material, welded at the seams and then plugged and capped at each end

to minimize internal corrosion. Specimens of all other systems were flat

sheet material

(a) Abbreviations used:

HRJ-high frequency weld

HDZ-hot-dip- zinc coated (galvanized,

4.5 oz/ft2

) after bonding. See

footnote (c).

A-annealed

S-sensitized

XBU-cross-bead weld

Hl'-heliarc weld

(b) Average for four specimens. -- indicates negligible or none.

(c) All composites were metallurgically bonded.

Composite A-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite B-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite C-Carbon steel/Type 304/Carbon steel.

(d) 1 mil=0.025 mm. IP-incipient pitting. H-perforated . N/A- not

applicable. W-weld

(e) Average of five deepest pits on each of four individual specimens unless

noted otherwise.

(f) Average of ten deepest pits on each of four individual specimens.

2 Table 12. Average Weight Loss (mg/dm ) and Pit Depth (mils)

for Stainless Steel Sheet and Tube Specimens Buried in

Tidal Marsh (Site G) for up to Eight Years.

System* .Material Treat- £xposure,

ment Time,

(a) Days

Average^

Weight Loss Pit Depth, mils

^

2 ( e

)

mg mg/dm Maximum Average of 5 Deepest '

Exposed in 1970

50 Type 201 A 356 3728 297 45 —

719 1179 94 H -- 1355 78 6 35 —

2897 3260 260 H H

51

• Type 202 A 356 55 4 40

719 14 1 33 7 1355 86 7 H H 2897 1173 93 . H H

52 Type 301 A 356 146 12 40 -- 719 1105 88 30 -- 1355 218 17 H H 2897 1046 83 H H

53 Type 301 S 356 4995 398 25 —

719 13103 1044 H -- 1355 2185 174 36 13

2897 53517 4263 H 29

54

t Type 301 XBW 356 33 3 13 -- 719 1565 125 62 9

1355 1400 112 12 —

2897 536 43 H H

55 Type 304 A 365 904 72 H —

719 1803 . 144 36 1

1355 304 24 37 6

2897 16803 1338 H H

56 Type 304 S 356 293 23 20 -- 719 6162 491 H —

1355 5146 410 26 8

2897 25905 2064 H H

57 Type 304 HW 356 - - -- —

719 -- -- 10 3

1355 2 <1 11 5

2897 ... -- --
Table 12 (Con't,)

System* .Material Treatment

(a)

Exposure

Time,

Days

Averaged

, Weight Loss

2

mg mg/dm

Pit Depth, mils^'

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

58 Type 31

6

A 356 < 5 719 -- -- < 5 -- 1355 — -- -- -- 2897 86 7 H —

59 Type 316 S 356 — — < 5 -- 719 64 5 < 5 -- 1355 -- -- < 5 —

2897 1136 90 H --

60 Type 409 A 356 31401 2501 H

u(f)

"(f)

719 66322 5283 H H

f

1355 23206 1849 . H H( f ) 2897 208593 16617 H H

62 Type 409 HW 356 8438 3364 H H (f)

„tf)

719 17045 6796 . H 1355 4218 1682 H H

2897 46694 18618 H H

63 Type 409 HFW 356 4681 2399 H H

(f)

719 19902 10201 H -- 1355 10214 5236 H H

2897 47111 24147 H H

64 Type 410 A 356 31982 2548 H H (f)

719 70709 5633 H H VT ' 1355 105184 8379 H H

2897 287184 22878 H H

65 Type 430 A 356 44270 3527 H H

(f)

"(f)

719 103628 8255 H

1355 191351 15243 H H 2897 399493 31824 H H

66 Type 434 A 356 74 6 H -- 719 7299 581 H —

1355 -- -- 6 —

2897 1754 140 H H

Exposed In 1971

1 260-1 Mo A 362 M - IP —

755 3 <1 -- -- 1098 — - - -- —

2539 3 <1 -- —
Table 12 (Con't.)

System* Material Treatment

(a)

£xposure

Time,

Days

Average^)

, Weight Loss

2

mg mg/dm

Pit

Maximum

Depth, mils^'

Average of 5 Deepest

2 13Cr(T1

)

A 362 11962 953 H 755 33777 2691 H H 1098 5984 477 37 13

« 2539 86077 6857 H H

3 1 8Cr ( Ti

)

XBW 362 3699 295 H —

755 820 65 28 -- 1098 3 <1 <5 -- 2539 18255 1454 H H

4 20Cr-24Ni

A 362 _ — -- —

6. 5Mo 755 <1 <1 — —

1098 -- -- -- —

2539 6 <1 — --

5 20Cr-24Ni - S 362 134 11 IP - - 6.5Mo 755 -- -- -- -- 1098 -- -- -- -- 2539 -- -- — —

6 18Cr-2Mo A 362 528 42 H - - 755 630 50 H H 1098 <1 <1 <5 -- 2539 42 3 H —

8 18Cr-8.Ni (N) A 362 50 4 5 755 159 13 H H 1098 2 <1 - «, — - 2539 1 <1 <5 —

9 1 8Cr- 8NT ( N

)

XBW 362 646 51 no ~ — 755 3409 272 n -- 1098 -- — — -- 2539 -- -- 16 —

10 26Cr- 5. 5Ni A 362 4752 379 H _ — 755 248 20 H H 1098 14 1 7 6

2539 18 1 47 —

14

(

c

Composite A

) 362 112575 8857 N/A

755 380200 29911 N/A

1098 398800 31374 N/A

2539 654375 51481 N/A

15

(

c

Composite B

v ^ HDZ 362 44025 3464 N/A

755 66250 5212 N/A

1098 49300 3879 N/A

2539 139750 10994 N/A
Table 12 (Con*t,)

System* .Material Treatment

(a)

Average^)

£xposure, Weight Loss

Time,

Days mg mg/dnr

Pit Depth, mils^

Maximum Average of 5 Deepest

16

( c

)

Composite ' 362 104900 8253 N/A

755 256400 20172 N/A

1098 358000 28165 N/A

2539 704350 55413 N/A

17 26Cr-lMo HW 362

755 57 14 <5

1098 4 <1 <5

2539 — — — —

18 1 8Cr ( Ti

)

HW 362 3466 1382 H 755 24641 9825 H H 1098 15115 6027 H H

2539 2585 1031 H H

19 20Cr-24Ni HW 362 “T

6. 5Mo ' 755 * — „ 1098 <1 <1

2539 — -- -- —

Exposed in 1972

7 1 8Cr-2Mo A 362

(Nb) 736 4 <1 45

2156 305 24 H H

11 18Cr-2Mo XBW 362

(Nb) 736 - 45

2156 361 29 H H

12 1 8Cr-2Mo HW 362

(Nb) 736 • - — _ IP

2156 - -
Table 12 (Con't)

Systems 12, 17, 18, 19, 57, 62 and 63 v/ere tube specimens fabricated from

sheet material, welded at the seams and then plugged and capped at each end

to minimize internal corrosion. Specimens of all other systems were flat

sheet material

(a) Abbreviations used:

HFVJ-high frequency weld

HDZ-hot-dip zinc coated (galvanized,

4.5 oz/ft2

) after bonding. See

footnote (c).

A-annealed

S-sensitized

XBW-cross-bead weld

HW-heliarc we Id

(b) Average for four specimens. — indicates negligible or none.

« (c) All composites were metallurgical^ bonded.

Composite A-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite B-Carbon steel/Type 430/Carbon steel.

Composite C-Carbon steel/Type 304/Carbon steel.

(d) 1 mil=0.025 mm. IP-incipient pitting. H-perforated. N/A- not

applicable. W-weld.

(e) Average of five deepest pits on each of four individual specimens unless

noted otherwise.

(f) Average of ten deepest pits on each of four individual specimens.
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BS-H4A REV. 0-78)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

bibliographic data

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBSIR 81-2228 (NBS)

2. Gov’t. Accession No. 3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

The Corrosion Behavior of Selected Stainless Steels

in Soil Environments

5. Publication Date February 1981

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

W.F. Gerhold, E. Escalante, and B.T. Sanderson

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

V. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. 5610362

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City, State, ZIP)

American Iron and Steel Institute

1000 16th Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C.

13. Type of Report & Period Covered Final

1970-1978

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

i Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or

literature survey, mention it here.) In order to obtain more definitive information regarding the corrosion and

stress corrosion of stainless steels in soil environments, NBS in cooperation with

the Committee of Stainless Steel Producers, AISI, initiated in 1970 a soil burial

program in representative soil environments. Test materials included coated and

uncoated sheet specimens in the annealed and sensitized condition, uncoated welded

tubing specimens and galvanically coupled and uncoupled stressed and unstressed

specimens. To date approximately 10,000 specimens have been buried at six soil test

sites. This report contains the results obtained for specimens buried for up to

approximately eight years.

K

17. KEY WORDS (s ix to twelve entries ; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name;

separated by semicolons)

Coatings; corrosion behavior; field-tests; galvanic couples; soil environment,

stainless steels; stress-corrosion behavior

18. AVAILABILITY fX) Unlimited 19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

21. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

1 For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS UNCLASSIFIED 80

Order From Sup. of Doc., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402, SD Stock No. SN003-003- ~ Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, " VA. 22161

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

22. Price

$ 9.50

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