[Cite as Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Cogar, 2013-Ohio-311.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. : JUDGES: 

 : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. 

 Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. 

 : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. 

-vs- : 

 : 

ROBERT E. COGAR, ET AL : Case No. 12-COA-022 

 : 

 Defendants-Appellants : O P I N I O N

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common 

Pleas, Case No. 09CFR010 

JUDGMENT: Affirmed 

DATE OF JUDGMENT: January 31, 2013 

APPEARANCES: 

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendants-Appellants 

BRADLEY P. TOMAN TIMOTHY B. PETTORINI 

24755 Chagrin Boulevard 225 North Market Street 

Suite 200 P.O. Box 599 

Cleveland, OH 44122 Wooster, OH 44691 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 2 

Farmer, J. 

{¶1} On January 7, 2009, appellee, Wells Fargo Bank, NA, filed a foreclosure 

action against Robert Cogar and his wife, appellant herein, Rosalie Cogar, for failure to 

pay on a promissory note secured by a mortgage. 

{¶2} On March 2, 2009, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. By 

entry filed January 28, 2010, the trial court granted the motion and awarded appellee as 

against appellant $227,066.05 plus interest. 

{¶3} On February 1, 2010, appellant filed an emergency motion to vacate the 

judgment and to stay the foreclosure. The trial court stayed its decision on February 4, 

2010. Mr. Cogar died on March 27, 2010. The trial court vacated the stay on 

November 18, 2011. 

{¶4} On January 13, 2012, appellant filed a second motion to vacate the 

judgment, claiming newly discovered evidence and fraud pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(2) 

and (3). A hearing was held on April 27, 2012. By judgment entry filed May 16, 2012, 

the trial court denied the motion. 

{¶5} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for 

consideration. Assignment of error is as follows: 

I 

{¶6} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING ROSALIE COGAR'S MOTION 

FOR RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT." 

I 

{¶7} Appellant claims the trial court erred in denying her motion for relief from 

judgment pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(2) and (3) as her motion was timely, she presented a 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 3 

meritorious defense, and she presented grounds for vacating the judgment based on 

newly discovered evidence. We disagree. 

{¶8} A motion for relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B) lies in the trial court's 

sound discretion. Griffey v. Rajan, 33 Ohio St.3d 75 (1987). In order to find an abuse 

of that discretion, we must determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable, 

arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. 

Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217 (1983). Appellant based its Civ.R. 60(B) motion on "newly 

discovered evidence, which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to 

move for a new trial under Rule 59(B)" and "fraud (whether heretofore denominated 

intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party." 

Civ.R. 60(B)(2) and (3). In GTE Automatic Electric Inc. v. ARC Industries, Inc., 47 Ohio 

St.2d 146 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus, the Supreme Court of Ohio held the 

following: 

To prevail on a motion brought under Civ.R. 60(B), the movant 

must demonstrate that: (1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to 

present if relief is granted; (2) the party is entitled to relief under one of the 

grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5); and (3) the motion is made 

within a reasonable time, and, where the grounds of relief are Civ.R. 

60(B)(1), (2) or (3), not more than one year after the judgment, order or 

proceeding was entered or taken. 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 4 

{¶9} In its judgment entry filed May 16, 2012, the trial court found no "factual 

basis" for appellant's assertion that she did not sign the promissory note: 

This example is but one of many inconsistencies in the witness 

testimony that suggest the Defendant's witnesses were untruthful in their 

testimony. Rosalie Cogar testified on cross examination to a number of 

documents that she claimed bore her forged signature, inferring that 

Robert Cogar had signed her name without her knowledge. Yet, when 

confronted with her denial that is was her signature situated on documents 

that were signed well after Mr. Cogar's death, including pro se pleadings 

filed in this matter, she could not explain how her signature could have 

gotten on the documents. Again, the Court finds the testimony of Rosalie 

Cogar to be untruthful. 

Notwithstanding the legal authority asserted by the parties as to 

whether this Court has the legal authority to grant Defendant's motion, the 

Court specifically finds that there is no factual basis which justifies relief 

pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B). Defendant has failed to establish any fraud in 

the execution of the mortgage and loan documents. 

{¶10} We note the trial court did not address the timeliness of the motion, filed 

some two years after the final judgment. The issue of timeliness is critical to our 

discussion. The "newly discovered evidence" was appellant questioning the validity of 

her signature. This issue was an affirmative defense that should have been raised in 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 5 

the pleadings. R.C. 1303.36 governs proof of signatures and status of holder in due 

course. Subsection (A) states the following: 

Unless specifically denied in the pleadings, in an action with 

respect to an instrument, the authenticity of, and authority to make, each 

signature on an instrument is admitted. If the validity of a signature is 

denied in the pleadings, the burden of establishing validity is on the party 

claiming validity but the signature is presumed to be authentic and 

authorized unless the action is to enforce the liability of the purported 

signer and the signer is dead or becomes incompetent at the time of the 

trial on the issue of the validity of the signature. If an action to enforce the 

instrument is brought against a person as the undisclosed principal of a 

person who signed the instrument as a party to the instrument, the plaintiff 

has the burden of establishing that the defendant is liable on the 

instrument as a represented person under section 1303.42 of the Revised 

Code. 

{¶11} Appellant did not raise the issue of the validity of her signature in her 

pleadings. In her February 4, 2009 answer to the complaint, appellant admitted to the 

validity of the mortgage, and that she had an interest in the subject property as a 

titleholder. 

{¶12} The trial court entered final judgment on January 28, 2010 by granting 

summary judgment to appellee. Appellee had filed a motion for summary judgment on 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 6 

March 2, 2009. The basis of the motion was the mortgage and the note, attached to the 

motion as Exhibits A and B. In response, appellant and her husband filed separate pro 

se objections on March 9, 2009, claiming "fraud and predatory lending" and requesting 

discovery and a trial. No claim relative to the validity of appellant's signature on the 

note was made. Numerous other filings (motions for stay of judgment, injunction, and to 

dismiss) were filed pro se raising bare allegations of fraud and dower interests, all 

unsupported by evidentiary quality materials as required by Civ.R. 56. Cogswell v. 

Cardio Clinic of Stark County, Inc., 5th Dist. No. CA-8553 (October 21, 1991). 

{¶13} As previously noted, final judgment was granted on January 28, 2010, and 

appellant did not raise the issue of the validity of her signature until the filing of her 

Civ.R. 60(B) motion on January 13, 2012.1 In her affidavit attached to her motion as 

Exhibit A, appellant averred: "I do not recall ever attending a closing around May of 

2005" and "I could not say for certain that the signature on the mortgage was my 

signature." 

{¶14} Also attached to the motion is the affidavit of the closing agent, Benjamin 

T. Lackey (Exhibit C). Mr. Lackey averred appellant was not present at the closing, but 

the documents contained her notarized signature. Appellant's counsel, Timothy B. 

Pettorini, stated he did not know of Mr. Lackey's involvement until December 1, 2011 

(Exhibit B). What is curiously lacking in Mr. Pettorini's affidavit is his knowledge of 

appellant's assertion that she could not say "for certain" that the signature on the 

mortgage was her signature. 

 

1

We note appellant had filed a motion to vacate on February 1, 2010, but the motion 

focused on the assignment of the note and mortgage and requested mediation. 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 7 

{¶15} During the evidentiary hearing held on April 27, 2012, appellant stated on 

direct that she could not tell if it was her signature on the mortgage (Exhibit A). T. at 66. 

She claimed her husband could have signed her name, but she was not sure. T. at 68-

69. At the time of the hearing, appellant's husband was deceased. Appellant claimed 

no knowledge of the subject foreclosure action prior to Mr. Cogar's death on March 27, 

2010. T. at 65. 

{¶16} Given the statements in the affidavits, we conclude to dismiss the motion 

outright on timeliness would have been in error. Although the timeline is suspect, we 

cannot say the trial court erred in proceeding to a hearing. 

{¶17} Appellant argues once she presented testimony, the trial court should 

have granted her Civ.R. 60(B) motion and should not have addressed the issue of 

credibility. Appellant argues determinations on credibility are not within the scope of a 

trial court's authority in a Civ.R. 60(B) motion. In support of this claim, appellant cites 

the cases of Kay v. Marc Glassman, Inc., 76 Ohio St.3d 18 (1996), and Deutsche Bank 

National Trust Co. v. Lagowski, 7th Dist. No. 10 BE 28, 2012-Ohio-1684. 

{¶18} We disagree with this assertion. The Kay case cited by appellant is 

distinguishable from the facts sub judice because in that case, the trial court did not 

conduct a hearing after being presented with affidavits therefore, testimony was not 

presented testing the truthfulness of the affidavits. Our decision in Cogswell, supra, is 

consistent with the Supreme Court of Ohio's reasoning. 

{¶19} In Deutsche Bank, at ¶63, our brethren from the Seventh District stated 

that credibility was not an issue at a Civ.R. 60(B) motion hearing: 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 8 

However, the trial court found Lagowski's credibility to be lacking, 

and on that basis determined that he failed to allege a meritorious 

defense. It is error to make this kind of credibility determination at this 

stage of the proceedings; rather, these determinations are reserved for a 

trial on the merits, to be made by the trier of fact. In essence, the trial 

court made Lagowski do more than state a meritorious defense; it went 

further and put Lagowski in the position of proving the defense. And when 

Lagowski failed to do so, the trial court denied the motion to vacate. Thus, 

the trial court abused its discretion in finding that Lagowski failed to allege 

operative facts to support a meritorious defense to the judgment. 

{¶20} We find this conclusion to totally emasculate the purpose of a hearing. 

What purpose is the placing of a witness under oath if it is not to test the witness's 

credibility? An evidentiary hearing by its very nature revolves around truthfulness and 

believability. The very nature of a Civ.R. 60(B) hearing places the burden of proof upon 

the movant. To totally disregard the issue of credibility at a Civ.R. 60(B) hearing is to 

ignore the purpose of the hearing. 

{¶21} On the issue of credibility sub judice, we find it involves two basic 

questions. The first question was timeliness of the motion and whether there was newly 

discovered evidence and secondly, whether the claim of fraud was a valid defense. 

{¶22} The trial court's decision is unclear as to which issue it was addressing. In 

reviewing the transcript and the lengthy docket spanning some three years, we find 

appellant's testimony that she did not know about the foreclosure action until March of 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 9 

2010 to be incredible. Appellant stated her husband usually collected the mail prior to 

his death and it was "laying on my countertop in the house" when she returned from 

work. T. at 73. After her husband died in March of 2010, she collected the mail and 

worked up until July 2010. T. at 72. Appellant's affidavit did not specifically assert that 

the signature was not hers, and she testified during the hearing that she could not tell if 

the signature was hers. These facts, along with her previous motion to vacate on 

February 1, 2010, numerous hearings after the death of her husband, and the fact that 

the trial court's decision would have been mailed to her address prior to the entry of 

appearance by her trial counsel on September 9, 2010, belie appellant's assertion that 

the validity of her signature was "newly discovered evidence" and negate her claim that 

the motion was timely. 

{¶23} Upon review, we find the trial court did not err in denying appellant's Civ.R. 

60(B) motion for relief from judgment. 

{¶24} The sole assignment of error is denied. 

 
Ashland County, Case No. 12-COA-022 10 

{¶25} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Ashland County, Ohio is 

hereby affirmed. 

By Farmer, J. 

Delaney, P.J. and 

Hoffman, J. concur. 

 

 

 

 s/ Sheila G. Farmer________________ 

 

 s/ Patricia A. Delaney______________ 

 _s/ William B. Hoffman_____________ 

 JUDGES 

SGF/sg 110
[Cite as Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Cogar, 2013-Ohio-311.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. : 

 : 

 Plaintiff-Appellee : 

 : 

-vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY 

 : 

ROBERT E. COGAR, ET AL. : 

 : 

 Defendants-Appellants : CASE NO. 12-COA-022 

For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the 

judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Ashland County, Ohio is affirmed. Costs to 

appellant. 

 s/ Sheila G. Farmer________________ 

 

 s/ Patricia A. Delaney______________ 

 _s/ William B. Hoffman_____________ 

 JUDGES