Department of Education

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Fiscal Year 2025 Budget Request 

CONTENTS

Page

Appropriations Language.............................................................................................................. 1

Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes............................................................................ 2

Amounts Available for Obligation.................................................................................................. 3

Obligations by Object Classification, Program Administration ...................................................... 4

Obligations by Object Classification, Supplemental, CRRSA Act (P.L. 116-260)......................... 5

Obligations by Object Classification, Supplemental, ARP Act (P.L. 117-02) ................................ 6

Obligations by Object Classification, Technology Modernization Fund, Zero Trust Architecture . 7

Summary of Changes ................................................................................................................... 8

Authorizing Legislation................................................................................................................10

Appropriations History.................................................................................................................11

Significant Items in FY 2024 Appropriations Reports ................................................................. 12

Activity:

Salaries and Expenses...........................................................................................................18

Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employment by Office.....................................................................37

Summary of Budget Authority by Principal Office .......................................................................38

Account Summary Table.............................................................................................................39
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

1 

Appropriations Language

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Department of Education 

Organization Act, including rental of conference rooms in the District of Columbia and hire of 

three passenger motor vehicles, $476,846,000: Provided, That, notwithstanding any other 

provision of law, none of the funds provided by this Act or provided by previous Appropriations 

Acts to the Department of Education available for obligation or expenditure in the current fiscal 

year may be used for any activity relating to implementing a reorganization that decentralizes, 

reduces the staffing level, or alters the responsibilities, structure, authority, or functionality of the 

Budget Service of the Department of Education, relative to the organization and operation of the 

Budget Service as in effect on January 1, 2018.1 

NOTES 

A full-year 2024 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, 

the budget assumes this account is operating under the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions 

Act (Division A of Public Law 118-15, as amended). The amounts included for 2024 reflect the annualized level 

provided by the continuing resolution.

Each language provision that is followed by a footnote reference is explained in the Analysis of Language 

Provisions and Changes table, which follows the appropriations language.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

2 

Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes

Language Provision Explanation

1 Provided, That notwithstanding any other 

provisions of law, none of the funds provided 

by this Act or provided by previous 

Appropriations Acts to the Department of 

Education available for obligation or 

expenditure in the current fiscal year may be 

used for any activity relating to implementing 

a reorganization that decentralizes, reduces 

the staffing level, or alters the responsibilities, 

structure, authority, or functionality of the 

Budget Service of the Department of 

Education, relative to the organization and 

operation of the Budget Service as in effect 

on January 1, 2018.

This language prohibits the use of any 

funding to reduce staffing, decentralize, or 

change the structure, authority, 

responsibilities, functionality, or operation of 

the Department’s Budget Service as it existed 

on January 1, 2018.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

3 

Amounts Available for Obligation

(dollars in thousands)

Appropriation and Adjustments 2023 2024 2025

Discretionary budget authority:

Appropriation $426,907 $426,907 $476,846

Subtotal, discretionary appropriation 426,907 426,907 476,846

Transfer from Tech. Modernization Fund 5,000 0 0 

Subtotal, adjusted discretionary appropriation 431,907 426,907 476,846

Unobligated balance, start of year 11,336 7,768 0 

Recovery of prior year obligations 777 0 0 

Rescission of unobligated CRRSAA and ARP balances -2,569 0 0 

Unobligated balance expiring -182 0 0 

Unobligated balance, end of year -7,768 0 0 

Total, Direct Obligations $433,501 $434,675 $476,846
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

4 

Obligations by Object Classification, Program Administration

(dollars in thousands)

Object class number Object Class

2023

Actual

2024 

Annualized 

CR

2025 

Request

Change

from 2024 

to 2025

11.10 Full-time permanent $184,792 $211,112 $226,708 $15,596

11.31 Full-time temporary 21,011 9,581 10,006 425

11.32 Part-time 1,094 0 0 0 

11.33 Consultants 609 0 0 0 

11.51 Overtime 1,209 661 1,169 508

11.52 Awards 4,114 4,431 4,567 136

11.8 Other compensation 89 0 0 0 

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, personnel comp. 212,921 225,785 242,450 16,665

12.00 Benefits 76,774 79,644 85,345 5,701

12.13 Other benefits 0 60 0 -60

12.15 Student loan repayment 0 15 15 0

13.10 Benefits for former personnel 91 433 433 0

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, benefits 76,865 80,152 85,793 5,641

21.00 Travel 2,846 3,924 4,185 261

23.10 Rental payments to GSA 24,863 23,243 21,238 -2,005

23.31 Communications 1,162 1,150 982 -168

23.32 Postage/fees 35 120 121 1

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 23 26,060 24,513 22,341 -2,172

24.00 Printing & reproduction 929 867 865 -2

25.10 Advisory and assistance Services 1,303 3,328 3,448 120

25.21 Other services 23,776 19,746 26,982 7,236 

25.22 Training/tuition/contracts 1,393 1,560 1,744 184

25.30 Goods/services from gov’t 16,471 14,849 15,658 809

25.40 Operations/maint of facilities 3 0 0 0 

25.71 Operations/maint of equipment 185 1,417 1,478 61

25.72 IT services/contracts 60,939 49,223 70,081 20,858

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 25 104,070 90,123 119,391 29,268

26.00 Supplies 315 306 390 84 

31.01 IT equipment/software 306 292 456 164

31.03 Other equipment 650 925 955 30

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 31 956 1,217 1,411 194

32.00 Building alterations 1,760 20 20 0

43.01 Prompt payment interest 3 0 0 0

Total Row

Total, Obligations 426,722 426,907 476,846 49,939

Total, Pers. Comp. & ben. 289,787 305,937 328,243 22,306

Total, Non-personnel 137,039 120,970 148,603 27,633
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

5 

Obligations by Object Classification, Supplemental, CRRSA Act (P.L. 116-260)

(dollars in thousands)

Object class number Object Class

2023

Actual

2024 

Annualized 

CR

2025

Request 

Change 

from 2024

to 2025

11.10 Full-time permanent $715 0 0 0

11.31 Full-time temporary 700 0 0 0

11.32 Part-time 0 0 0 0

11.33 Consultants 0 0 0 0

11.51 Overtime 0 0 0 0

11.52 Awards 7 0 0 0

11.8 Other compensation 0 0 0 0

Subtotal Row Subtotal, personnel comp. 1,422 0 0 0

12.00 Benefits 488 0 0 0

12.15 Student loan repayment 0 0 0 0

13.10 Benefits for former personnel 0 0 0 0

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, benefits 488 0 0 0

21.00 Travel 0 0 0 0 

22.00 Transportation of things 0 0 0 0 

23.10 Rental payments to GSA 0 0 0 0

23.31 Communications 0 0 0 0

23.32 Postage/fees 0 0 0 0

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 23 0 0 0 0

24.00 Printing & reproduction 0 0 0 0

25.10 Advisory and assistance services 0 0 0 0

25.21 Other services 0 0 0 0

25.22 Training/tuition/contracts 0 0 0 0 

25.30 Goods/services from gov't 0 0 0 0

25.40 Operations/maint of facilities 0 0 0 0 

25.71 Operations/maint of equipment 0 0 0 0

25.72 IT Services/contracts 513 0 0 0

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 25 513 0 0 0

26.00 Supplies 0 0 0 0 

31.01 IT equipment/software 0 0 0 0

31.03 Other equipment 0 0 0 0

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 31 0 0 0 0

32.00 Building alterations 0 0 0 0

Total Row

Total, Obligations 2,423 0 0 0

Total, Pers. comp. & ben. 1,910 0 0 0

Total, Non-personnel 513 0 0 0
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

6 

Obligations by Object Classification, Supplemental, ARP Act (P.L. 117-02)

(dollars in thousands)

Object class number Object Class

2023

Actual

2024 

Annualized 

CR

2025

Request 

Change 

from 2024

to 2025

11.10 Full-time permanent $378 0 0 0

11.31 Full-time temporary 1,284 0 0 0

11.32 Part-time 0 0 0 0

11.33 Consultants 0 0 0 0 

11.51 Overtime 32 0 0 0 

11.52 Awards 21 0 0 0

11.8 Other compensation 0 0 0 0

Subtotal Row Subtotal, personnel comp. 2,242 0 0 0

12.00 Benefits 448 0 0 0

12.15 Student loan repayment 0 0 0 0

13.10 Benefits for former personnel 0 0 0 0

 Subtotal, benefits 

21.00 Travel 39 0 0 0

22.00 Transportation of things 0 0 0 0 

23.10 Rental payments to GSA 0 0 0 0 

23.31 Communications 0 0 0 0 

23.32 Postage/fees 0 0 0 0 

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 23 0 0 0 0 

24.00 Printing & reproduction 0 0 0 0 

25.10 Advisory and assistance services 0 0 0 0 

25.21 Other services 13 0 0 0 

25.22 Training/tuition/contracts 0 0 0 0 

25.30 Goods/services from gov't 0 0 0 0 

25.40 Operations/maint of facilities 0 0 0 

25.71 Operations/maint of equipment 0 0 0 0 

25.72 IT services/contracts 0 0 0 0 

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 25 0 0 0 0 

26.00 Supplies 0 0 0 0 

31.01 IT equipment/software 0 0 0 0 

31.03 Other equipment 0 0 0 0 

Subtotal Row

Subtotal, 31 0 0 0 0

32.00 Building alterations 0 0 0 0

Total Row

Total, Obligations 2,294 0 0 0

Total, Pers. comp. & ben. 2,242 0 0 0

Total, Non-personnel 52 0 0 0
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

7 

Obligations by Object Classification, Technology Modernization Fund, 

Zero Trust Architecture

(dollars in thousands)

class 

number Object Class

2023 

Actual

2024 

Annualized 

CR 

 2025 

Request

Change 

from 2024 

to 2025

25.72 IT services/contracts $1,959 $7,719 0 0

Subtotal 

Row Subtotal, 25 1,959 7,719 0 0

Total 

Row Total, Obligations 1,959 7,719 0 0 

Total, Pers. comp. & ben. 0 0 0 0

Total, Non-personnel 1,959 7,719 0 0
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

8 

Summary of Changes

(dollars in thousands)

2024 $426,907

2025 476,846

Net Change +49,939

Increases: 2024 base 

Change 

from base

Built in:

Increase in salaries and benefits, a 2.0 percent pay raise, and projected 

benefits increases. $300,337 +$9,532

Increase in projected overtime. 661 +508

Program:

Increase in salaries and benefits for 63 additional FTE. 300,337 +12,130

Increase in awards. 4,431 +136

Increase in travel. 3,924 +261

Increase in postage. 120 +1

Increase in advisory and assistance services. 3,328 +120

Increase in other services primarily for data investments and to support 

implementation of the Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy 

Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. 19,746 +7,236

Increase in training. 1,560 +184

Increase in goods and services from government primarily for federal audit 

clearinghouse. 14,849 +809 

Increase in operations and maintenance of equipment. 1,417 +61

Increase in IT services and contracts for IT primarily for Enterprise 

Cybersecurity Programs, data investments (including Education Stabilization 

Funds Public Transparency Portal), PIVOT and business support system

development efforts (CPSS/AMS and G5 Modernization). 49,223 +20,858 

Increase in supplies. 306 +84 

Increase in information technology equipment and software. 292 +164 

Increase in other equipment for non-IT office equipment. 925 +30 

Subtotal, increases +52,114
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Summary of Changes—continued

9 

Decreases: 2024 base

Change

from Base

Program:

Decrease in rent due to space consolidation and reduction efforts. $23,243 -$2,005

Decrease in communications. 1,150 -168 

Decrease in printing. 867 -2 

Subtotal, decreases -2,175

Net change +49,939
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

10

Authorizing Legislation

(dollars in thousands)

Activity

2024 

Authorized

2024 

Annualized CR 

2025 

Authorized

2025 

Request

Salaries and Expenses (DEOA) Indefinite $426,907 Indefinite $476,846

Building Modernization (DEOA)0F

1 Indefinite 0 Indefinite 0

Total appropriation 426,907 476,846

1 The Department plans on funding Building Modernization activities in FY 2024 and FY 2025 using the Nonrecurring Expenses Fund. More information is 

available in the Salaries and Expenses Overview.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

11

Appropriations History

(dollars in thousands)

Year 

Budget 

Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance Footnote

Senate 

Allowance FootnoteAppropriationFootnote

20151F

1 $442,000 N/A $426,917 $418,260

20162F

2 474,089 $410,000 391,326 432,000

20173F

3 474,827 432,000 432,000 432,000

20184F

4 429,066 287,157 430,000 430,000

20195F

5 459,257 430,000 430,000 430,000

20206F

6 447,000 424,000 430,000 430,000

2020 Supplemental, CARES Act7F

7 0 0 0 8,000

20218F

8 448,723 426,000 430,000 430,000

2021 Supplemental, CRRSA Act9F

9 0 0 0 15,000

2021 Mandatory Supplemental10F

10 0 0 0 15,000

202211F

11 430,000 480,000 419,973 394,907

202312F

12 548,000 462,500 448,000 426,907

202413F

13 527,609 350,000 419,907 426,907

2025 476,846

1 The House allowance is shown as N/A because there was no Subcommittee action; Senate allowance reflects 

Senate Subcommittee action only.

2 The levels for House and Senate allowances reflect action on the regular annual 2016 appropriations bill, which 

proceeded in the 114th Congress only through the House Committee and Senate Committee.

3 The levels for the House and Senate allowances reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2017 

appropriations bill; the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017.

4 The level for the House allowance reflects floor action on the Omnibus appropriation bill; the Senate allowance 

reflects Committee action on the regular annual 2018 appropriations bill; the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated 

Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141). 5 The levels for the House and Senate Allowance reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2019 appropriations 

bill; the Appropriation reflects enactment of the Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and 

Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-245). 6 The Senate Allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; the Appropriation reflects the Further Consolidated 

Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94). 7 The Appropriation reflects the supplemental funds from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act 

(P.L. 116-136). 8 The level for the House allowance reflects subcommittee action. The level for the Senate Allowance reflects the 

Chairman’s mark; the Appropriation reflects Division H of the FY 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 

116-260). 9 The Appropriation reflects supplemental funds from Division M of the FY 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 

2021 (P.L. 116-260). 10 The Appropriation reflects the American Rescue Plan Act of FY 2021 (P.L. 117-2). 11 The House allowance reflects floor action on the FY 2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act; the Senate allowance 

reflects the Chairman’s mark; and the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-

103).

12 The House allowance reflects the regular annual FY 2023 appropriation, which was introduced on the floor; the 

Senate allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; and the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 

2023 (P.L. 117-328). 13 The House allowance reflects Subcommittee action, and the Senate allowance reflects Committee action on the 

regular annual 2024 appropriations bill; the Appropriation reflects the annualized continuing resolution level.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

12

Significant Items in FY 2024 Appropriations Reports

Nonrecurring Expenses Fund

Senate: As part of the annual Congressional Justification, the Department is directed to 

include the anticipated balances available for transfer into and uses of the 

Nonrecurring Expenses Fund for the current and budget fiscal years. 

Additionally, the Department is directed to provide the Committees quarterly 

reports for all ongoing projects. The report shall include the following for each 

project: a description and timeline for each project; the date the project was 

notified to the Committees; total obligations to date; obligations for the prior fiscal 

year; anticipated obligations for current fiscal year; and any expected future 

obligations; and the total unobligated balance in the Fund.

Response: The Department will comply with the second part of this directive—providing 

quarterly reports for all ongoing projects.

Personnel Allocations

Senate: The Committee directs the Department to reduce non-career FTE onboard to 

December 2022 levels of below, and it reiterates the fiscal year 2023 directive to 

continues rebalancing career and non-career staff. Not later than 30 days after 

enactment, the Department is directed to provide the Committee with a briefing 

and a written plan on how the Department will comply with these directives. 

Response: The Department will comply with this directive.

Reorganization Plans 

Senate: The Committee recommendation continues all directives included in the 

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-94) and the 

accompanying explanatory statement. 

Response: The Department will comply with this directive. 

Staffing Plans 

Senate: Consistent with the fiscal year 2023 explanatory statement, not later than 30 

days after enactment, the Department is directed to provide the Committee an

operating plan identifying the total FTE and non-personnel allocations for each 

program office supported by the program administration appropriation provided in 

this act. In addition, the Department shall provide on a monthly basis the number 

of on-board staff, attrition, approved hires not yet on-boarded and projected fullyear FTE usage, including approved hires, and actual non-personnel expenses, 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Significant Items in FY 2024 Appropriations Reports—continued

13

for each program office supported by, and in total for, the program administration 

appropriation provided in this act. The monthly reports should be detailed by 

career and non-career staff. In addition, the Department shall separately identify 

in such plans and reports total FTE allocations supported by other funding 

sources. The Department shall also provide the Committee on a biannual basis 

an excel file which includes the names, titles, grade, program office, and date of 

hire of all political appointees that were employed by the Department during the 

previous 180 days.

Response: The Department will comply with this directive.

State and Local Report Cards 

Senate: The Committee appreciates the Department’s planned targeted monitoring effort 

this year on a sample of SEAs and LEAs with respect to applicable report card 

requirements of ESEA. The Committee requests an update in the fiscal year 

2025 CJ on the findings from this targeted monitoring effort and the Department’s 

planned actions to support SEAs and LEAs in achieving compliance with these 

requirements and improving the quality, accessibility (including language and 

data visualization) and utility of report card information available to parents, 

educators, and policymakers. This update should also provide steps the 

Department will take to support the inclusion of available information on 

postsecondary enrollment under section 1111(h)(1)(C)(xiii), which could include 

enrollment information with and without remediation at the discretion of a State.

Response: The Department will provide a briefing on findings from targeted monitoring, 

plans to support SEAs and LEAs in compliance with ESEA’s report card 

requirements, and steps planned to support inclusion of the Section 

1111(h)(1)(C)(xiii) information noted in the directive. This briefing is expected to 

be facilitated within 45 days of release of the President’s Budget for Fiscal Year 

2025.

Foundation for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act

Senate: The Committee continues to believe that the execution of the Foundations for 

Evidence-Based Policymaking Act will enhance the evidence building capacity of 

Federal agencies, strengthen privacy protections, improve secure access to data, 

and provide more and higher quality evidence to policymakers. Therefore, the 

Committee directs the Department to continue to include in the fiscal year 2025 

and future CJs updates on the implementation and planned implementation of 

such act for the current and future budget years. 

Response: In the Department’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2022–FY 2026 Learning Agenda, available 

at evaluation.gov, the Department proposed six focus areas for evidence 

building. By strengthening the evidence base in these areas, the Department will 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Significant Items in FY 2024 Appropriations Reports—continued

14

be better able to meet its mission of promoting student achievement and 

preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and 

ensuring equal access. The Department’s six focus areas for strengthening 

evidence are:

• Address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students, educators, and 

faculty. 

• Promote equity in student access to educational resources, opportunities, 

and inclusive environments. 

• Support a diverse and talented educator workforce and professional growth 

to strengthen student learning. 

• Meet students’ social, emotional, and academic needs. 

• Increase postsecondary value by focusing on equity-conscious strategies to 

address affordability, completion, post-enrollment success, and support for 

inclusive institutions.

• Effectively manage federal student aid programs.

In the Department’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2025 Annual Evaluation and EvidenceBuilding Plan, available at evaluation.gov, the Department summarizes all 

implementation, outcomes, and programs evaluations undertaken by the Institute 

of Education Sciences’ (IES’s) National Center for Education Evaluation and 

Regional Assistance (NCEE). The plan includes new work that is under 

consideration for FY 2025 as well as continuing activities begun in prior years. 

Other notable evidence-building activities occur elsewhere in ED, much of which 

aligns to one or more focus areas identified in the Department’s Learning 

Agenda. This includes field-initiated research, development, and innovation 

sponsored by IES’s National Center for Education Research (NCER) and 

National Center for Special Education Research (NCSER) and foundational factfinding activities (e.g., statistics concerning the condition of education via surveys 

such as the School Pulse Panel; assessments of students’ academic proficiency 

via the National Assessment of Educational Progress, or NAEP) sponsored by 

IES’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).

Cybersecurity

Senate: The Committee is aware that elementary and secondary schools have faced 

significant impacts resulting from cybersecurity incidents. Last year, GAO made 

three recommendations for the Department intended to better coordinate 

cybersecurity efforts between government agencies and the elementary and 

secondary school community, measure the effectiveness of cybersecurity-related 

products and services available and, in coordination with Federal and nonFederal stakeholders, determine how to best help LEAs overcome challenges for 

addressing cyber threats. The Committee requests an update in the fiscal year 

2025 CJ on the Departments actions and plans (and associated timeline) for 

implementing these recommendations. 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Significant Items in FY 2024 Appropriations Reports—continued

15

Response: The Salaries and Expenses Overview CJ contains a list of all open GAO 

recommendations. Per that report, a corrective action plan has been developed 

for all three recommendations and implementation is ongoing. For more 

information on the Department of Education’s Enterprise Cybersecurity Program, 

please see the IT Security section of this CJ. 

National Advisory Council on Indian Education

Senate: The Committee is aware of the GAO recommendation to the Department to 

develop a formal process for incorporating the input of its Tribal advisory council, 

NACIE, into its annual budget request. The Committee directs the Department to 

implement this recommendation as soon as possible and ensure Tribal officials 

are able to provide meaningful and timely input on annual budget requests for 

programs serving tribes and their members.

Response: The Department has implemented the recommendation as directed. 

Pooled Evaluation Authority

Senate: The Committee requests that the Department provide a report to the Committee 

on the planned use of pooled evaluation funds under section 8601 of the ESEA, 

consistent with the required plan under such section, not later than 15 days prior 

to any transfer of funds. 

Response: The Department will comply with this directive as requested. 

Integrating Data and Strengthening Data Privacy

Senate: The Committee urges the Secretary in conjunction with the Secretary of Labor to 

provide guidance and technical assistance on integrated data systems, including 

on how to protect student and worker privacy. This guidance should build on and 

expand the guidance issued by the Privacy Technical Assistance Center in 

January 2017 [PTAC–IB–4]. 

Response: The Department will comply with this directive as requested. 

Late Liquidation

Senate: The Committee emphasizes that Office of Management and Budget regulation 2 

CFR 200.344(b) gives the Department broad flexibility to extend the period for 

liquidating financial obligations incurred under grants awarded by the 

Department. The Department should announce its policy and process as soon 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Significant Items in FY 2024 Appropriations Reports—continued

16

and transparently as possible to grant ESSER liquidation extensions for ARP. 

The Department’s revised policy should be released as soon as possible but no 

later than September 30, 2023. The Department shall ensure that its process for 

ARP ESSER late liquidation requests minimizes the administrative burden on 

SEAs and LEAs to the extent practicable, including by not requiring excessive 

documentation. The Committee appreciates the Department’s frequently asked 

questions, June 26, 2023 clarification, and availability to speak with State or 

other auditors about the late liquidation process. The Department must also 

provide explicit clarity outlining how its guidance can be implemented consistent 

with 2 CFR 200.403(h). The Department shall provide sufficient clarity in its 

guidance, and predictability in its process, in order to ensure that LEAs are able 

to enter into contracts for allowable costs as reasonable and necessary during 

the obligation period regardless of the contract’s liquidation end date, as long as 

it is within the authorized late liquidation period and the LEA intends to submit an 

appropriate late liquidation request to the SEA. 

Response: The Department announced its ESSER liquidation extension policy and process 

for ARP on September 18, 2023. 

Educator Equity Reporting

Senate: The Committee commends the Department’s work to support implementation of 

and enforce the educator equity requirements in section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the 

ESEA. The Committee directs the Department to work with each State to publicly 

report in an accessible manner not less than every 2 years progress made to 

ensure low-income and minority children enrolled in public schools are not 

served at disproportionate rates by ineffective, out-of-field, or inexperienced 

teachers. The Committee requests a briefing not later than 60 days after 

enactment of this act on its planned actions and associated timeline for 

implementing this directive. 

Response: The Department will comply with this directive as requested. 

Reports to Congress

Senate: The Department is directed to provide 5 business days’ notice to the Committee 

before release of any congressionally directed report. 

Response: The Department will comply with this directive as requested. 

Voting-Related Activities

Senate: The Committee directs the Secretary to brief the House and Senate Committees 

on Appropriations no later than 90 days after enactment of this act regarding any 

strategic plans developed by the Department over the three prior fiscal years 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Significant Items in FY 2024 Appropriations Reports—continued

17

outlining the ways that the Department has promoted voter registration, and voter 

participation. 

Response: The Department will comply with this directive as requested. 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

18

Salaries and Expenses

(Department of Education Organization Act)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2025 Authorization: Indefinite

Budget Authority:

2024 Annualized CR 2025 Request Change

Personnel Compensation and 

Benefits Costs $305,937 $328,243 +$22,306

Non-Personnel Costs 120,970 148,603 +27,633

Total 426,907 476,846 +49,939

FTE 1,549 1,612 +63

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Program Administration account provides a significant portion of the funding and staff to 

administer the Department's programs and activities in the following program and staff offices:

Program offices:

Office of Postsecondary Education 

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Office of Multilingual and English Learners14F

1

 

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education 

Staff offices:

Office of the Secretary 

Office of the Deputy Secretary 

Office of the Under Secretary 

Office of the General Counsel 

Office of Finance and Operations 

Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development 

Office of Communications and Outreach 

Office of Legislation and Congressional Affairs 

Office of the Chief Information Officer 

1 The Administration is requesting to amend the Department of Education Organization Act to rename the Office of 

English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient 

Students to the Office of Multilingual and English Learners. All references to this office within this justification will use 

this name.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Salaries and Expenses

19

The Department’s program offices support core mission activities including leadership and 

financial support for education efforts that assist preschoolers; elementary, secondary, and 

postsecondary students; and adults. These offices effectively shepherd the Department’s multibillion-dollar program budget through grant making, technical assistance, monitoring, and 

contract management. In addition, the offices support research and demonstration projects to 

improve education and disseminate information on research findings and education statistics.

Staff offices provide crucial policy, legal, management, and financial support needed to ensure 

the Department fulfills its mission. They are vital to the day-to-day operation of the Department 

and provide policy leadership and administration of key Departmental priorities.

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2020 $430,000

2020 CARES Act 8,000

2021 430,000

2021 CRRSA Act 15,000

2021 Mandatory ARP Act 15,000

202215F

1 387,907

2023 426,907

2024 Annualized CR 426,907

FY 2025 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration is requesting $476.8 million for the Salaries and 

Expenses budget, $49.9 million more than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the 

fiscal year 2023 appropriation. While the Administration appreciates the $30 million increase 

Congress provided in fiscal year 2023, recent appropriations for the Program Administration 

account have largely not kept pace with inflation, pay increases, physical security needs, and 

government requirements prompted by information technology (IT) security breaches. From 

2016 through 2021, the appropriation for Program Administration decreased by $2 million, while 

the purchasing power of the appropriation declined by $54 million due to government-wide pay 

and benefits increases. The Department was only able to continue operating within its 

appropriation by using hiring freezes and slowdowns to decrease staffing and by cutting rent 

expenditures through space reductions. 

Diminished staff capacity and increased demands on personnel has been adversely impacting 

the Department’s ability to effectively meet core requirements. The fiscal year 2022 and 2023 

appropriations did, however, provide some relief (see the historical FTE usage table below); 

nevertheless, staff levels are not sufficient to meet the continued increase in workload demands. 

In fact, FTE usage in fiscal year 2024 is expected to be fairly flat with fiscal year 2023. Further, 

just maintaining fiscal year 2024 staffing levels through fiscal year 2025 will require increased 

1 Beginning in fiscal year 2022, administrative expenses for the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) were 

appropriated separately in the IES account.
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funding of $9.5 million due to the 5.2 percent pay raise effective January 2024; the President’s 

proposed 2.0 percent pay raise effective January 2025; and projected benefits increases. 

Accordingly, this budget request includes strategic investments to increase staff capacity. More 

information on requested FTE is provided in the Staffing and Costs Summary. 

Program Administration FTE Usage (Fiscal Year 2016 – FY 2025)

FY 

201616F

1

FY 

20171

FY 

20181

FY 

20191

FY 

20201

FY 

20211

FY 

2022

FY 

2023

FY 

2024 

Est.

FY 

2025 

Est.

1,699 1,572 1,419 1,346 1,334 1,418 1,486 1,536 1,549 1,612

In addition to staffing, IT modernization and cybersecurity are critical areas of emphasis and 

interest that demand additional personnel. There has been a significant increase in 

congressional interest, correspondence briefings, and hearings that the agency must respond to 

in a timely manner. This budget request continues the Department’s trajectory to meet present

and future demands and addresses the funding needed to deliver on these priorities including 

implementing the Executive Order on Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity (EO 14028) and 

OMB Memorandum M-22-09 (Federal Zero Trust Strategy). The Administration is also thankful 

to Congress for authorizing the use of a Nonrecurring Expenses Fund (NEF), which has helped 

support several of the Department’s IT modernization efforts including enterprise cybersecurity. 

More information on the Department’s planned uses of the NEF can be found in the Salaries 

and Expenses Overview CJ.

The chart below provides detail on the Program Administration request by type of cost.

1 For comparability, FYs 2016 through 2021 exclude IES FTE.

Contracts

22.1%, $105.1

Other NonPersonnel 

4.5%, $21.6

Overhead

(Rent)

4.5%, $21.2

Personnel 

Compensation & 

Benefits

68.9%, $328.2

FY 2025 Salaries & Expenses Costs by Category

($ in millions)

PC&B and fixed overhead costs comprise approximately 73 percent of the Program Administration budget.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

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STAFFING AND COSTS SUMMARY

The fiscal year 2025 request for Program Administration would support 1,612 Full-time 

equivalents (FTE), an increase of 63 FTE above the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on 

the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. The request also includes the government-wide pay increase 

of 5.2 percent for calendar year 2024 and a proposed government-wide pay increase of 

2.0 percent for calendar year 2025. 

Personnel Compensation and Benefits (PC&B) Costs

Central to the fiscal year 2025 Program Administration request is focusing resources to support 

the Administration’s priorities, the Department’s strategic vision, and ongoing core mission 

activities, while addressing expanding demands, including emerging statutory requirements, 

comments to proposed rules revisions, Freedom of Information Act inquiries, as well as 

Government Accountability and Office of Inspector General compliance reviews and audits. 

The fiscal year 2025 funds requested will assist in both reversing the adverse staffing reductions 

due to the impacts of inflation on the agency’s purchasing power and filling critical staffing gaps 

identified by offices throughout the Department. 

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $328.2 million for Personnel Compensation 

and Benefits to support five program and nine staff offices. This is $22.3 million more than the

fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. The increase is 

due to an increase of 63 FTE above the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 

2023 appropriation, a proposed 2.0 percent pay raise, projected benefits increases, and an 

extra paid day. The requested increase in FTE is needed to eliminate numerous capacity gaps 

that are currently jeopardizing the Department’s ability to meet the Administration’s, Secretary’s, 

and Congressional priorities. Additional FTE are also needed to deliver on new and emerging 

priorities and initiatives. 

Workload

For most offices in the Department, ongoing work continues to outpace staff capacity. For 

example, the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (OESE) and Office of 

Postsecondary Education (OPE) strategically used term appointments to add staff capacity to 

manage massive new programs authorized and funded through the various COVID 

supplemental bills (CARES, CRRSAA and ARP). These programs included the Governor’s 

Emergency Education Relief Fund (GEER), the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency 

Relief Fund (ESSER), and the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEER). However, 

CARES funding has expired and the CRRSA and ARP funding that was being used to pay for 

these appointments was rescinded as part of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023. Notably, 

there is still work related to these programs and recovery efforts. OESE and OPE, in particular. 

need to continue the work of program management, reporting, and ensuring accountability for 

the disbursement and closeout of funding. Both offices estimate that the need for staff dedicated

to these programs will extend beyond when the funds for the funds for the programs expire, 

creating the need for additional Program Administration funds.
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Other grant programs administered by OESE and OPE have suffered from decreased staffing 

capacity as well. From fiscal year 2016 to fiscal year 2022, OESE’s program officer staffing for 

discretionary programs declined by 40 FTE from 124 to 84, a 32 percent reduction. During this 

same timeframe, formula program officer staffing decreased by 22 FTE from 70 to 48, a 31

percent reduction. The Administration’s request supports a significant increase the number of 

program officers in OESE across 2024 and 2025 in order to reverse this trend, as well as to 

increase OESE’s program and consolidated monitoring efforts. The Administration is requesting 

5 additional FTE for OESE in fiscal year 2025, supporting an overall anticipated increase across 

fiscal years 2024 and 2025 of 20 FTE.

Over the past two years, OPE’s Higher Education Programs (HEP) staff received an increase in 

program funding for all of the programs that they administer; including a funding surge under the 

Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) authority entailing four new 

grant programs being added to HEP’s portfolio. Congress has additionally authorized and 

funded hundreds of Congressional earmarks, adding to OESE’s and OPE’s capacity demands. 

More staff are also needed in OPE to address increased oversight and FOIA demand. The 

Administration is requesting 7 additional FTE for OPE in fiscal year 2025 to address these 

capacity gaps. 

Additionally, the Department, in coordination with CMS, has worked to increase access to 

school-based health services, including mental health services, for the millions of students 

enrolled in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), such as through the 

development of guidance,17F

1 technical assistance18F2 and outreach to States and school districts. 

The Administration is requesting 3 FTE to sustain and expand these efforts. This request 

compliments additional investments to support the implementation or expansion of schoolbased services further detailed in the Full-Service Community Schools and Student Support and 

Academic Enrichment accounts. 

Other requested increases in FTE to address workload demands include the following: 

• 4 additional FTE in the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) to 

increase technical assistance to State Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agencies related to 

fiscal issues, including the expenditure of Federal funds, non-Federal share, and the reserve 

requirement for preemployment transition services. Additional staff will allow OSERS to 

continue to partner with its grantees and strengthen the implementation of the Department’s 

programs both fiscally and programmatically. 

• 3 additional FTE in the Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education (OCTAE) to close 

critical skill gaps and workforce shortages for information technology and data management 

and within the correctional education, career and college pathways, and community colleges 

program areas, including to support students’ basic needs. 

• 2 additional FTE in the Office of Multilingual and English Learners to help provide expanded 

technical assistance and grant making consistent with the recent reorganization of the office. 

1 See Delivering Services in School-Based Settings: A Comprehensive Guide to Medicaid Services and 

Administrative Claiming

2 See the Medicaid and School-Based Services Technical Assistance Center
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• 7 additional FTE in the Office of General Counsel (OGC) to address increased scrutiny of 

and litigation challenging the Department’s regulations and policies; increased 

Congressional oversight of Department programs, policies, and practices; and increased 

attention, particularly in the procurement area, to new and existing Department programs 

and grants. In addition, OGC’s workload has dramatically increased in the areas of Charter 

Schools Programs, equitable services for private school students, the disaster relief 

programs, and Indian Education. 

• 5 additional FTE in the Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development (OPEPD) to: 

o formulate and execute growing and increasingly complex budget portfolio; 

o faithfully execute student privacy laws; and

o advance the Administration’s priorities as they relate to data.

• 6 additional FTE in the Office of Finance and Operations (OFO) to:

o manage the Department’s return to work policy, as the Department supports and 

facilitates meaningful, in-person work across agency components, consistent with 

Administration budget guidance; 

o attain and sustain effective Department-wide staffing levels, including through the 

use of innovative hiring strategies, such as through the use of Talent Teams and 

pooled hiring actions; 

o close competency gaps, implement service level agreements, and increase 

employee engagement; 

o maintain the security posture of the Department’s business support systems (e.g., 

FMSS, CPSS, G5) and mitigate potential operational risks; 

o enforce payment integrity laws and prevent improper payments; and

o implement Trusted Workforce (TW) 2.0 personnel vetting reforms. 

• 3 additional FTE in the Office of the Secretary (OS) to shift away from contractor support for 

FOIA to federal personnel. This shift is expected to help the Department adhere to statutory 

requirements more closely, mitigating the risk of litigation. The change will help the 

Department better prevent inadvertent release of documents, thereby reducing the risk of 

drawing negative attention to the Department; it would also more efficiently support 

operational needs. Non-pay contractual funding has been reduced in fiscal year 2025 

accordingly.

• 4 additional FTE in the Office of the Deputy Secretary (ODS) to support the Department’s 

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) initiative and help measure, 

monitor and improve organizational health and performance.

• 2 additional FTE in the Office of Communications and Outreach (OCO) to better 

communicate with the public. OCO’s digital strategies have grown over the last year, 

yielding social media outreach and video streaming numbers never seen before at the 

Department, and more staff are needed as OCO adapts to an ever-increasing universe of 

communications platforms. 

• 1 additional FTE in the Office of Legislation and Congressional Affairs (OLCA) to handle the 

Higher Education Congressional Constituent Case Management portfolio and handle the 

Congressional correspondence demands. The volume and complexity of OLCA’s work over 

the last few years has increased due to the numerous actions providing relief to student 

borrowers including the PSLF waiver, Borrower Defense to repayment, return to repayment, 

Fresh Start, and other activities. 
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Additional Priorities

This budget request also includes additional FTE to address additional Administration priorities, 

especially in the areas of IT modernization and cybersecurity. An increase of 12 FTE are being 

requested in the Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO) to build up the Department’s 

cybersecurity posture in response to updated federal requirements; establish the position of 

Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer with one supporting staff; ensure compliance with all Federal 

records and information regulations and policies, including digital accessibility requirements 

established by Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act; and improve and mature the department's 

enterprise information and communication technology (ICT) Supply Chain Risk Management

(SCRM) program. In addition, 2 additional FTE are being requested in the Office of the 

Undersecretary (OUS) to ensure robust development and coordination of higher education and

career and technical education program policies and improve response to FOIA requests and 

Congressional correspondence. 

Non-Personnel Costs

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration request $148.6 million for Non-Personnel activities, 

$27.6 million more than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 

appropriation. Non-Personnel costs cover such items as travel, rent, mail, telephones, utilities, 

printing, IT, contractual services, equipment, supplies, and other overhead departmental 

services. 

Departmental Centralized Services 

An estimated 65 percent of the total Non-personnel budget request covers Program 

Administration’s share of the Department’s centralized services. For fiscal year 2025, the 

Administration requests $96.5 million for the centralized services, $14.2 million more than the 

fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. Cybersecurity 

projects make up most of this increase. The major centralized service items include overhead 

costs for interagency agreements for services such as payroll processing, security rent-guard 

services, and background security investigations. Centralized services also include 

communications and IT equipment, services, support, maintenance, and improvements. 

The third major component of the Department’s centralized services is rent. The Department 

has been engaged in a multi-year effort to reduce the Department’s real estate footprint while 

increasing capacity. The Department has already realized millions in rent savings through 

reduced space and is looking to achieve $29 million in annual rent savings through its current 

initiative to consolidate 3 Washington D.C. office locations into 1 location—the Lyndon Baines 

Johnson Department of Education Building (LBJ). Historically, building modernization

investments were requested, appropriated, and obligated in the Program Administration—

Building Modernization line item. The Department now plans to fund such future building 

infrastructure improvements using its Nonrecurring Expenses Fund. More information on the 

Nonrecurring Expenses Fund can be found in the Salaries and Expenses Overview CJ.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

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25

Departmental Centralized Services

(dollars in thousands)

Item

2023 

Actual

2024 

Annualized CR

2025 

Request

Difference 2024

from 2025

Rent $24,863 $23,243 $21,238 -$2,005

Other Central Support 37,958 29,902 36,170 6,268

Centralized Services-IT 47,455 29,209 39,136 9.927

Centralized Services $110,276 $82,354 $96,544 $14,190

The following section provides information on projects for centralized services.

Centralized services - IT

IT Security

The Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO) oversees IT projects that provide security for

the Department’s IT systems. For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $25.3 million in 

Program Administration funding for these projects, known collectively as the Enterprise 

Cybersecurity Program (ECP), which is $17.6 million more than the fiscal year 2024 annualized 

CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. The total request across all accounts for these 

projects is $75.2 million, which is approximately $26 million more than the fiscal year 2024 

annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. The Department used the 

Nonrecurring Expenses Fund to cover a portion of IT modernization costs associated with ECP 

in fiscal year 2023 and 2024 and is planning to do so again in fiscal year 2025. Please refer to 

the Nonrecurring Expenses Fund narrative for more information. 

The overall increase is a result of directives for modernized cybersecurity as set forth in 

Executive Order 14028 on Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity (EO 14028). EO 14028 

mandates several initiatives to protect the Department’s systems and data. OCIO plans to make 

continued enhancements in response to this mandate to ensure the integrity of the department’s

network and data, as well as to prevent potential IT security breaches. As mentioned in the 

Personnel Compensation and Benefits Costs section, additional FTE are also required to 

execute the inherently Governmental functions that are necessary to meet the requirements of

EO 14028 and the National Security Council (NSC) memo “Executive Order 14028

Implementation” issued August 15th

, 2023, to the Heads of all Departments and Agencies. 

Additional funding is also needed to bolster the Department’s capacity to prevent and address 

cybersecurity threats at K-12 schools, including through the hiring of cyber sector liaisons to 

support information sharing and provide technical assistance. OCIO has developed a cyber 

incentive program to aid in the recruitment, retention, and expansion of key cybersecurity 

positions. Supplemental funding for this incentive and recruitment pay program is needed. 

Achieving effective Cybersecurity has become increasingly difficult. Adversaries become more 

emboldened each year in their efforts to exploit the Department’s systems and data. The total 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

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non-pay request of $75.2 million will be used to implement EO 14028 and the associated NSC 

memo, specifically focusing on the expected outcomes for fiscal year 2025 below: 

• Zero Trust Architecture ($11.5 Million): These services provide the core security 

functions for remote connectivity and network connectivity for all Department endpoints, 

servers, and cloud connectivity. These services replaced legacy VPN services at the 

Department and were initially awarded through the Technology Modernization Fund. The 

need to sustain the new Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) capabilities Secure Access 

Service Edge (SASE), Security Orchestration Automation & Response), and Software 

Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN). These capabilities are required by Executive 

Order 14028 and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Memorandum 22-09. 

Costs are primarily driven by the number of endpoints the Department leverages and the 

depth and breadth of the security services enabled through the secure access service 

edge. ZTA includes a portion of funding associated with the PIVOT I (i.e., technical 

management and integration of Department IT services) initiative to provide necessary 

critical oversight over all IT changes to ensure changes do not disrupt remote user 

connectivity via ZTA capabilities. This will be recurring in outyear requests. 

• Identification, Credentialing, and Access Management (ICAM) Solution ($9.2 

Million): These services ensure only authorized individuals, who have been properly 

proofed for identity, have access to the Departments systems and data using strong 

authentication to prove their identity. The Department’s enterprise ICAM program and 

corresponding services are one of the five pillars necessary for a mature Zero Trust 

deployment. ECP to fund the ICAM Program and Enterprise Services (additional 

capabilities) to complete the integration of systems into the centralized enterprise ICAM 

capability, as required by M-19-17, “Enabling Mission Delivery through Improved 

Identity, Credential, and Access Management.” Costs are a combination of professional 

services necessary to manage the program, integrate Department systems, and 

maintain operations of ICAM services. ICAM is also the primary means of the 

Department meeting the multifactor authentication requirement and phishing-resistant 

authentication requirement of the Cybersecurity EO and associated OMB/NSC 

requirements. Costs are driven by a combination of steady state operations such as the 

program and system maintenance, and DME costs such as integrating new systems and 

High Value Assets, developing, and enhancing workflows for user management and 

development of new identification and access management services. Costs are primarily 

driven by user count and system count.

• Cyber Security Operations and Threat Intelligence ($8.2 Million): The Cybersecurity 

Operations and Threat Intelligence Program and associated services provides the 

cybersecurity “nervous system” for the Department. Capabilities associated with 

Cybersecurity Operations and Threat Intelligence include funding for incident 

management and response, prosecution and investigation, as well as the workforce and 

training necessary to conduct these activities. All Department systems and services 

provide information about security status and threats to the Operations team for 

awareness, action, and triage. When an incident occurs or a breach may be in play, the 

Operations team runs point on detecting the matter, containing it, eradicating the threat, 

and restoring operations with associated reporting. The program provides Tier 1 (as 

aligned with ED's Cybersecurity Risk Management Framework) Enterprise Level 

cybersecurity operations capability for all Department information systems and 

environments. Additionally, the Program provides and reports on situational awareness 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

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of all Department information systems; maintains operational relationships and 

information exchanges with subordinate security operations centers; provides 

cybersecurity analysis, incident response and management, and forensics; and provides 

operational support for the EDSOC and the FSA SOC and cybersecurity enclave, 

including the deployed tools and cybersecurity test lab for the testing and validation of 

security tools and policy configurations. Costs are primarily related to professional 

services consisting of certified cybersecurity professionals necessary to operate 

24/7/365. The primary cost drivers are the number of users, endpoints, and systems, 

including High Value Assets combined with the quantity and complexity of data types 

being monitored throughout the Department’s systems and environments. 

• Pivot I Security ($4.7 Million): Pivot I Security is part of the overarching PIVOT I 

Program. The Pivot I program primarily provides endpoints throughout the Department. 

Every Department laptop, MacBook, and associated accessories such as monitors and 

keyboards are provided by PIVOT I. PIVOT I is responsible for ensuring the secure 

configuration and associated capabilities are present in all devices and services 

provided to comply with the Federal Information Security Modernization Act. Examples 

include endpoint software to detect malicious activity from viruses, the ability so scan for 

vulnerabilities for all endpoints and patch them quickly to reduce exposure and monitor 

all endpoints in real-time to ensure any anomalous activity is quickly investigated and 

resolved (NSC priority for endpoint detection and response). Costs are a combination of 

professional services with necessary hardware and software. PIVOT I Security includes 

a portion of funding associated with the ZTA Initiative to facilitate the implementation of 

enhancements to prevent potential IT security breaches. Costs are primarily driven by 

the number of endpoint devices and number of users with associated accounts in the 

environment.

• Cyber Data Lake ($12.2 Million): The Department’s Cyber Data Lake (CDL) is the main 

repository and analytics engine of cybersecurity logs and information for the Department. 

Every endpoint, server, system, cloud service, web application and network must

provide cybersecurity logs in near real-time to the CDL. The Department must maintain 

funding to provide support implementation of M-21-31 requirement. While substantial 

progress has been made over the last five years, the Department does not yet have the 

capability to search for indicators of compromise on all Department systems and 

services at the required fidelity. In accordance with OMB M-21-31, and its required three 

logging maturity levels of EL1, EL2 and EL3, the Department is required to substantially 

increase the fidelity and frequency of logs being ingested and substantially increase the 

amount of time these logs must be available. For some systems, this change will require 

a near 10 times increase in the fidelity and frequency of logs being provided to CDL. 

Much like the ICAM program, costs are a combination of professional services 

necessary to operate the program; integrations, data operations, and system 

integrations; and CDL cloud services to process, store, and transmit the necessary 

information. Costs are primarily driven by three factors: the number of systems and the 

volume of data being ingested daily, the amount of storage necessary to meet the 

storage timeline targets, and costs to integrate and monitor the data feeds from systems. 

As this program is fully structured around services, at data ingestion, complexity and 

storage increase, costs can be expected to increase in a near linear fashion. At this time 

the Department has mostly completed the integration of EL1 for all systems. Future 

work is focused on EL2 and EL3.
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• Security Engineering and Architecture Support ($3.7 Million): The Security 

Engineering and Architecture Support (SEAS) Program ensures all technology and 

services acquired by the Department adhere to the Department’s Enterprise Security 

Architecture and conform with the Department’s enterprise cybersecurity capabilities 

such as Zero Trust Architecture, ICAM and CDL. The SEAS Program provides Security 

Engineering and Architecture Support that provides expert security engineering and 

architecture support to OCIO for the evaluation, planning, design, testing, and 

implementation of security controls within ED IT systems, High Value Assets, and for 

enterprise-level security capabilities. The proposed investment includes the 

management and maintenance of ED's cybersecurity test and evaluation lab. Costs 

primarily consist of professional security engineering services. Costs are driven by the 

number of systems and High Value Assets requiring re-engineering to conform with the 

Department’s security architecture. The number of new systems adopted by the 

Department not meeting Department standards substantially increases the costs 

associated with the Program. Eliminating, consolidating, and modernizing systems and 

leveraging shared services reduces costs associated with this program. 

• Bound E Discovery and Reporting ($3.1 Million): The Continuous Diagnostics and 

Mitigation (CDM) Program is a mandatory cybersecurity monitoring program operated 

out of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) CDM exists to 

provide CISA with a “whole-of-government” view of enterprise risk throughout all Federal 

Departments and Agencies. The Department’s mandatory participation also provides 

information to OMB regarding the health and cybersecurity posture of the Department’s 

network, systems, High Value Assets and endpoints. Costs are primarily constructed of 

licensing, hardware, software, cloud services and professional services necessary to 

deliver the required information to OMB and CISA. Costs are primarily driven by the 

number of systems, users, accounts, and desired CDL maturity outcomes.

• Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) ($4.0 Million): SCRM funding will be used to

strengthen the Department's posture relative to the operation and maintenance of the 

Information & Communications Technology (ICT) SCRM and Acquisitions management 

program. This program is intended to monitor all ED systems/services for potential 

supply chain and fraud issues. 

• System Security Testing and Analysis ($3.5 Million): System Security Testing and 

Analysis enhances the Department’s ability to assess vulnerabilities by multiple means 

including automated penetration testing, formal Red Team Exercise, and continuous 

Red Team hacking to identify remaining vulnerabilities. The requested level also 

provides the necessary resources for ED to perform the required Non-Tier 1 High Value 

Asset assessments.

• Authorization and Policy ($3.8 Million): Authorization and Policy ensures the 

Department has the necessary resources to successfully attain and renew, either on an 

annual basis or continuously, authorizations to operate for agency information systems. 

Further, this funding will ensure the Department will be better positioned to conduct 

security control testing and system-specific contingency planning and testing. The 

requested level also provides sufficient resources for the development of internal agency 

policies and implementation of the Risk Management Framework or Cybersecurity 

Framework.

• Non-CDM Information Security Continuous Monitoring ($5.1 Million): At the 

requested funding level, this project will ensure the Department has sufficient 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

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29

Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) capabilities related to, but not 

provided through, CDM Phase 1. More specifically, ED will be better positioned to 

maintain awareness of hardware and software assets connected to the agency network; 

detect unauthorized hardware and software (i.e., whitelisting), alert security personnel, 

and subsequent block unauthorized assets; ensure appropriate security configuration 

compliance and auditing; and proactively identify, assess, and manage security 

vulnerabilities.

• Data Categorization and Classification ($2.6 Million): At the requested funding level, 

Data Categorization and Classification will ensure the Department has sufficient 

resources to implement security monitoring and enforcement rules based on existing 

and newly developed data categorization and "tags" within enterprise datasets and 

documents. Further, the ED will have the ability to conduct, as necessary, new tooling as 

well as time-intensive research and iteration on effective rules and actions that are 

practical to implement using these categories and tags. This request level provides 

funding to cover costs associated with tool acquisition, software licensing, support 

(contractor and/or Federal employee), and appropriate training.

• Information Assurance ($1.2 Million): Information Assurance ensures the Department 

is able to maintain the appropriate operational security posture to maintain its 

information systems and has the necessary specialized experience to implement 

measures to protect and defend information and information systems. Such measures 

include providing for restoration of information systems by incorporating protection, 

detection, and reaction capabilities. 

• Other ECP Mission Activities ($2.4 Million): Other ECP mission activities capture 

critical activities pertaining to maintaining a variety of essential IT operational securityrelated programs. More specifically, request funds will ensure the Department has 

sufficient resources to continue to maintain an Insider Threat Program. This program 

focuses on such areas as deterring, detecting, monitoring, and auditing information for 

insider threat detection and mitigation. Further, requested funds will enable the 

Department to cover the costs relating to the gathering of evidence in pursuit of criminal 

charges or civil actions against cyber perpetrators. Additionally, requested funds will

ensure the operational security posture of the Department’s IT systems by better 

positioning it to reduce the risk of social engineering through anti-phishing and -spam 

filters as well as anti-virus solutions. 

If funding necessary for federal positions with associated cyber-incentives and the funds 

requested above remain unfunded in fiscal year 2025, the Department will not be able to fully 

comply with many areas of EO 14028 and the NSC implementation memo. Subordinate actions 

including but not limited to M-21-31, M-22-09, and multiple associated CISA binding operational 

directives and Emergency Directives will also be unmet. While the compliance aspect is 

important, the most impactful results will be that the Department will be more susceptible to a 

rapidly evolving threatscape and will be less effective in detecting, responding to, and defending 

the Department against attacks, breaches, and outages. The funds requested support ensuring 

the Department can continue to maintain the public’s trust in protecting the incredible 

investment entrusted to it (including protecting over 100 million identities) and enabling ED’s 

mission of providing a secure educational journey for students and providing educational grants 

towards the US economy.
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PIVOT 

The Portfolio of Integrated Value-Oriented Technologies (PIVOT) contracts are the largest dollar 

value contracts funded by the Program Administration account and are essential to operations 

in every Department office. PIVOT services include but are not limited to desktop, helpdesk, 

hardware, software, network connectivity (including remote network access), data storage, 

technical support, email, wireless, and mobile phone services. PIVOT is comprised of the 

following PIVOT investments: Hosting; Integration; Mobile; Network; Printing; and Oversight. 

The portfolio of services is created to enhance user experience and foster innovation to improve 

efficiency and opportunities for improved services.

In fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $26.6 million for PIVOT, $4.7 million more than 

the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. The requested 

amount is solely for the Program Administration account’s shared costs and includes 

$1.3 million in office-specific service catalog orders. The Department’s total budget for this 

investment (excluding service catalog orders) is $61.9 million. The balance of $1.9 the funding 

needed is included in the budget requests for the other Departmental Management accounts.

EDCAPS

The Program Administration request for EDCAPS is $11.2 million, an increase of $5.6 million

above the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. 

Additional EDCAPS funding is provided by the Department’s other Salaries and Expenses 

accounts. The total request across all accounts for these projects is $44.3 million, an increase of 

$8.0 million above the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 

appropriation. Almost all the requested increase is for the continuing development of new grants 

and contracts systems.

Funding supports continued operations and enhancement of the EDCAPS core financial 

system, which includes five major components:

1. Financial Management Systems Software (FMSS) (general ledger, accounting, 

reporting, budget execution, funds control);

2. Contracts and Purchasing Support System (CPSS);

3. G5 (grant making system);

4. Integrated Support Services; and,

5. Travel Management System.

FMSS remains in mixed lifecycle with operations and maintenance, and enhancements 

occurring. In fiscal year 2023, the Department’s Office of Business Support Services (OBSS) 

completed work on the task to modify the Intra-governmental Payment and Collection (IPAC) 

Settlement Interface to enhance the existing manual settlement process to include automated 

invoice creation, invoice matching, and payment clearing where supporting subledger data 

elements exist in the Treasury settlement file or can be derived from prescribed business 

rules. OBSS enhanced the recording of Treasury Department’s Cross Servicing Next 

Generation delinquent debt collections to include automating adjustment creation based on 

receipt collection amount; thereby, saving 30 manhours monthly. The Department will continue 
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Salaries and Expenses

31

to enhance FMSS functionality in fiscal years 2024 and 2025 to meet Treasury mandates and 

user needs as required.

The legacy Contracts and Purchasing Support System (CPSS) utilizes Computers and 

Information Technology Company (CACI’s) Comprizon. Suite software. The Department’s 

Contracts and Procurement Branch is currently conducting a modernization effort to replace 

CPSS with an end-to-end acquisition management system (AMS) to manage the entire 

acquisition lifecycle process from planning through contract close. In support of a data migration 

and conversion to the AMS OBSS has spearheaded a data clean up and close out effort and is 

leveraging the use of RPA. The Department completed the procurement process and awarded a 

contract for the AMS at the end of fiscal year 22 to Centennial Technologies Inc. Initial 

performance was delayed until May due to a protest of the award. The AMS solution uses 

PRISM software with internal interfaces to FMSS and external interfaces to SAM.gov. The base 

period kicked off on May 1, 2023 and concluded September 28, 2023. The first option period 

was awarded in September of 2023 for the AMS implementation phase, which includes 

configuration, conversions and data migration and interface development. Future option years 

are planned to support both extensions and operations and maintenance.

The Department awarded the G5 modernization contract at the end of fiscal year 2021. The 

Department has successfully completed the development of the ED Grants’ Platform (EGP) in 

2022, using Amazon Web Services Cloud. The EGP forms the basis for all future grants 

management solutions in the Department. In 2023, the Department started development on 

Module 2, which incorporates the G6 landing portal integrating Login.gov and develop preaward functionality. The landing portal and Login.gov were completed in November 2023. 

However, after multiple delays developing the rest of pre-award functionality, the remainder of 

the development contract was terminated for convenience shortly later. The Department is 

pursuing a new contractor to complete a subset of pre-award functionality by the end of FY 

2024. In fiscal year 2025, the Department will resume the build of G5 modules. In fiscal year 

2025, the Department will resume the build of G5 modules according to the deployment plan.

Centralized Services – Non-IT

The following section provides additional information on Centralized Service projects not related 

to IT.

Security for Personnel and Buildings

In fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $11.6 million for security-related expenses 

including security support staff, background investigations, and the implementation of the 

Continuity of Operations Plan. This amount is $195,000 more than the fiscal year 2024

annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. The Federal Protective Service 

(FPS) is responsible for setting overall security policy and in determining the costs of security 

items. The Department works with the FPS and other local and Federal law enforcement 

organizations to ensure the safety and security of the Department's many buildings, its sensitive 

information, and its employees. The Department’s security policies and procedures have been 

implemented in response to General Services Administration and Department of Homeland 

Security standards and comply with an array of legal and regulatory requirements. The total 

request across all accounts for these projects is $34.5 million.
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Rent

The Department pays rent to the General Services Administration on the Federal and nonFederal buildings that are occupied by ED staff across the globe. The funds are used to operate 

the Government’s buildings and pay rent to the private sector for leased space. The Department 

is actively working to use space more efficiently by modernizing and reducing the total square 

footage of domestic office and warehouse inventories. For fiscal year 2025, the Administration

requests $21.2 million, $2.0 million less than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the 

fiscal year 2023 appropriation—a direct result of the Department’s space reduction strategy.
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33

Non-Personnel excluding Centralized Services

(dollars in thousands)

Non-Personnel (Excluding 

Centralized Services)

2023

Actual

2024

Annualized CR

2025 

Request

Difference 2024

from 2025

Other Non-Personnel (IT) $15,316 $16,343 $21,803 $6,487

Other Non-Personnel (Non-IT) 23,650 21,691 34,970 11,320

Non-Personnel (Excluding 

Centralized Services) $38,966 $38,034 $56,773 $17,807

Other Non-Personnel Costs – IT

The following section provides additional information on other IT-related non-personnel projects. 

Artificial Intelligence (AI) 

For fiscal year 2025, the administration requests $3.0 million. The Department will utilize these 

funds to establish an AI program to meet the requirements of Executive Orders 14110 and 

13960 to promote the safe, secure, and trustworthy development and use of Artificial 

Intelligence. In 2025 the Department will focus on targeting resources to establish and 

implement policies, practices, and plans to acquire AI technologies and continue to build out the 

necessary infrastructure to house and manage such technologies consistent with EO 

requirements and OMB mandates. The Department will also leverage resources to train and 

upskill our workforce to bolster institutional competencies and capabilities to ensure we are 

postured to address AI vulnerabilities and threats to the mission.

Education Data Repository, Enterprise Analytics, and Master Data Management Solution

(EDRAP) 

This investment is intended to provide a single source location for hosting, management and 

analytics of prioritized public Department data assets from multiple principal office components. 

This work addresses needs within Strategic Goal 2 of ED’s Information Resources Management 

Strategic Plan to enhance enterprise-wide delivery of data management and analytic services. 

In fiscal year 2024, the Department plans to conduct a third-party assessment to analyze the 

current data lake environment and how to make use of multiple cloud environments to best suit 

Department data needs.

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $1.0 million, $700,000 more than the fiscal 

year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation, for this project in order to 

implementation based on the findings of the third-party assessment. 
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Education Stabilization Fund Public Transparency Portal

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $2.1 million for the Education Stabilization 

Fund (ESF) Public Transparency Portal (PTP), $680,000 more than the fiscal year 2024 

annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. This portal provides data 

management and stakeholder support services pertaining to the development and 

implementation of a reporting and transparency solution enabling the collection, cleaning, 

integration, and dissemination of education data relevant to the Education Stabilization Fund 

created by the CARES Act and supplemented by the CRSSA and ARP Acts. The system has 

an online reporting tool for grantees, primarily States and Institutions of Higher Education, to 

use for reporting requirements related to the programs created through the CARES Act, 

including the Governor’s Education Emergency Relief (GEER), Elementary and Secondary 

School Emergency Relief (ESSER), Emergency Assistance to Non-public Schools (EANS) 

funds managed by OESE, and the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF) 

managed by OPE. The system also includes a public-facing portal for exploring how the ESF 

grants were allocated and how the funds are used. The request includes funding for collection of 

additional data through the reporting tool, and for incorporation of that additional data in new 

data visualizations and explorations as requested by internal stakeholders for purposes of 

monitoring. The system was previously funded partially from an administrative set-aside in the 

ESF funds, but that funding stream was rescinded in fiscal year 2023. 

 Every Website Succeeds

Every Website Succeeds (EWS) is a consolidated investment of Websites to meet the needs of 

Office of Educational Technology (OET) and OESE. It will allow for the uninterrupted hosting, 

development, and maintenance of all websites managed through a common technology 

platform and contract vehicles for multiple program offices. It includes various information 

dissemination projects such as OESE.ed.gov, National Center for Homeless Education Website, 

National Technical Assistance Center for the Education of Neglected or Delinquent Children and 

Youth, and several other OESE IT initiatives. For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests 

$2.8 million, $93,000 more than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 

2023 appropriation. Additional funding will be used to modernize the overall functionality and 

design of covered websites. 

Financial Management Initiatives (formerly Payment Integrity Monitoring Application (PIMA)) 

This investment is intended to provide strong financial stewardship, accurate financial reporting, 

and well-controlled financial management operations to support the Department’s mission. The

goal of the Payment Integrity Monitoring Application (PIMA) is to build an analytic infrastructure 

to provide robust support to data-driven decision-enhance financial management and analytic 

capability using sustained technology. For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests

$1.1 million, $461,000 more than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 

2023 appropriation. The increase will continue to fund development of additional integrity 

checks and to initiate a Robotic Process Automation (RPA) functionality pilot program to help 

achieve reliable data for use in artificial intelligence integration into processes. Considerable 

development, modernization, and enhancements will continue in the outyears to further improve 

the system.
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35

OESE Grants Management

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $1.2 million in Program Administration funding, 

$170,000 less than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 

appropriation. This contract keeps the Impact Aid Grant System online and accessible to 

Department, Local Educational Agency (LEA), and State Educational Agency users. The 

requested funding will also support continuous monitoring capabilities in compliance with 

Trusted Internet Connection 3.0 guidance as well as IPV6 requirements in accordance with 

Department guidance. Funding also supports developer helpdesk support for Department and 

LEA users, Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) efforts, automated regression test 

scripting, support for ongoing software maintenance activities, FedRAMP security patches, and 

security documentation to meet Authorization to Operate (ATO) requirements.

Open Data Investments Feasibility Study

This investment meets provisions of the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 

2018 to maintain a comprehensive data inventory and ensure that inventory provides a clear 

and comprehensive understanding of the data assets in the agency's possession. The 

investment funds ongoing operations and enhancement of the Open Data Platform, which 

implements the comprehensive data inventory capability and provides a centralized catalog of 

data assets the Department makes publicly accessible. This investment also funds the curation 

of the comprehensive data inventory to complete and improve the understanding of the data 

assets in the inventory.

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $1.4 million for Open Data Investments 

Business Case, $750,000 higher than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal 

year 2023 appropriation. Increased funding will be used mostly to 1) modify the Open Data 

Platform and Public Data Products systems to use newly developed cryptographic algorithms, 

replacing algorithms susceptible to breaking by quantum computers and 2) develop additional 

data products for the major grant programs managed throughout the Department, and 3) 

produce data assets that provide a richer context for interactive visualizations and independent 

researchers.

Other Non-Personnel Costs – Non-IT

The following section provides additional information on selected projects not related to IT. 

Tiered Data Access

The purpose of this new initiative is to create a program of tiered access to the Department’s 

restricted data that protects personally identifiable information, as required by the Privacy Act, 

and aligns with the Evidence Act requirement that federal agencies make all data assets open 

by default. The $500,000 requested for this project in fiscal year 2025 will primarily be used to 

fund the salaries and data resources of external researchers hired on term appointments to 

conduct approved research projects using the Department’s restricted data.
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Enterprise Data Solutions for Support Efficiency and Modernization (EDSSEM)

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $560000 for the Enterprise Data Solutions for 

Support Efficiency and Modernization (EDSSEM) contract, $260,000 more than the fiscal year 

2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal year 2023 appropriation. The purpose of this contract is 

to implement enterprise data solutions for efficiency and modernization, in support of the 

Department’s plan to progress in meeting goals under the Department’s Data Strategy. The 

increase would fund needs related to implementation and support for Data Strategy objectives. 

In fiscal year 2025, a new Data Strategy will be in place and the expanded efforts would focus 

on the scaled execution of those critical agency goals and objectives encumbered in that new 

Data Strategy.

Build America Buy America Act (BABAA) Implementation 

On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed into law the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs 

Act (“IIJA”), which includes the Build America, Buy America Act (BABAA). For fiscal year 2025, 

the Department newly requests $300,000 to implement Federal agency and grantee BABAA 

requirements, monitor Federal agency and grantee compliance, and evaluate and improve 

implementation per Office of Management and Budget guidance. 
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Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employment by Office

OFFICE

2023 

Actual

2024 

Annualized CR

2025 

Request 

Change 

from 2024 

to 2025

Career, Technical, and Adult Education 67 66 69 3

Chief Information Officer 91 91 103 12

Communications and Outreach 88 87 89 2

Deputy Secretary 19 16 20 4

Elementary and Secondary Education 271 286 291 5

Multilingual and English Learners 16 19 21 2

Finance and Operations 323 324 330 6

General Counsel 85 88 95 7

Legislation and Congressional Affairs 18 18 19 1

Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development 109 107 112 5

Postsecondary Education 136 134 141 7

Secretary 121 121 124 3

Special Education and Rehabilitative Services 185 185 189 4

Under Secretary 7 7 9 2

Total 1,53619F

1 1,549 1,612 63

1 FY 2023 FTE total excludes FTE related to and funded by CRRSAA and ARP Acts in various offices.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

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Summary of Budget Authority by Principal Office

(dollars in thousands) 

OFFICE

2023 

Actual

2024 

Annualized CR

2025 

Request

Change 

from 2024

to 2025

Career, Technical, and Adult Education $14,108 $14,438 $15,789 $1,351

Central Information Technology 47,455 29,209 39,136 9,927

Central Support 57,864 58,419 62,818 4,399

Chief Information Officer 19,267 20,222 27,044 6,822

Communications and Outreach 20,544 20,351 22,982 2,631

Deputy Secretary 3,516 3,324 4,267 943

Elementary and Secondary Education 54,622 60,489 63,011 2,522

Multilingual and English Learners 2,647 3.447 3,941 494

Finance and Operations 68,399 71,272 77,106 5,834

General Counsel 19,514 20,310 22,574 2,264

Legislation and Congressional Affairs 3,360 3,569 3,884 315

Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development 26,130 29,543 35,110 5,567

Postsecondary Education 25,058 25,721 28,326 2,605

Secretary 24,618 25,356 27,296 1,940

Special Education and Rehabilitative Services 38,339 39,703 41,592 1,889

Under Secretary 1,366 1,534 1,970 436

Total, Budget Authority 426,90720F

1 426,907 476,846 49,939

1 No funds are included for CRRSAA or ARP Acts. 
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39

Account Summary Table

Select here for the online version.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat 

Code

2023

Appropriation

2024

Annualized CR

2025 Request

FY 2025 Request 

Compared to FY 2024 

Annualized CR: Amount

FY 2025 Request 

Compared to FY 2024 

Annualized CR: Percent

Program Administration (DEOA)

1. Salaries and expenses D 419,907 419,907 476,846 56,939 13.56%

2. Building Modernization D 7,000 7,000 0 (7,000) -100.00%

Total 426,907 426,907 476,846 49,939 11.70%

NOTES:

1) D = discretionary program; M = mandatory programs

2) Detail may not add to totals due to rounding.