1Department of Education

REHABILITATION SERVICES

Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request

CONTENTS

Page

Appropriations Language ......................................................................................................... J-1

Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes........................................................................ J-2

Appropriation, Adjustments, and Transfers .............................................................................. J-3

Summary of Changes .............................................................................................................. J-4

Authorizing Legislation............................................................................................................. J-5

Appropriations History.............................................................................................................. J-6

Summary of Request ............................................................................................................... J-7

Activities: 

Vocational rehabilitation State grants................................................................................... J-9

Client assistance State grants............................................................................................ J-23

Training ............................................................................................................................. J-28

Demonstration and training programs................................................................................ J-33

Protection and advocacy of individual rights ...................................................................... J-38

Supported employment State grants.................................................................................. J-42

Independent living services for older blind individuals........................................................ J-47

Helen Keller National Center ............................................................................................. J-52

State Tables*

State tables reflecting final 2019 allocations and 2020 and 2021 estimates are posted on the 

Department’s webpage at: https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/statetables/index.html
1 
J-1 

Appropriations Language

REHABILITATION SERVICES

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the 

Helen Keller National Center Act, [$3,747,739,000] $3,782,952,000, of which [$3,610,040,000]

$3,667,801,000 shall be for grants for vocational rehabilitation services under Title I of the 

Rehabilitation Act1 [: Provided, That the Secretary may use amounts provided in this Act that 

remain available subsequent to the reallotment of funds to States pursuant to Section 110(b) of 

the Rehabilitation Act for innovative activities aimed at improving the outcomes of individuals 

with disabilities as defined in Section 7(20)(B) of the Rehabilitation Act, including activities 

aimed at improving the education and post-school outcomes of children receiving Supplemental 

Security Income ("SSI") and their families that may result in long-term improvement in the SSI 

child recipient's economic status and self-sufficiency: Provided further, That States may award 

subgrants for a portion of the funds to other public and private, nonprofit entities: Provided 

further, That any funds made available subsequent to reallotment for innovative activities aimed 

at improving the outcomes of individuals with disabilities shall remain available until 

September 30, 2021].2 (Department of Education Appropriations Act, 2020.)

NOTE

Each language provision that is followed by a footnote reference is explained in the “Analysis of Language 

Provisions and Changes” table, which follows the appropriations language.
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes

Language Provision Explanation

1 ...of which [$3,610,040,000] 

$3,667,801,000 shall be for grants for 

vocational rehabilitation services under Title I 

of the Rehabilitation Act. 

This language earmarks funds provided for 

Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) State Grants 

program. 

2[: Provided, That the Secretary may use 

amounts provided in this Act that remain 

available subsequent to the reallotment of 

funds to States pursuant to section 110(b) of 

the Rehabilitation Act for innovative activities 

aimed at improving the outcomes of 

individuals with disabilities as defined in 

section 7(20)(B) of the Rehabilitation Act, 

including activities aimed at improving the 

education and post-school outcomes of 

children receiving Supplemental Security 

Income ("SSI") and their families that may 

result in long-term improvement in the SSI 

child recipient's economic status and selfsufficiency: Provided further, That States 

may award subgrants for a portion of the 

funds to other public and private, nonprofit 

entities: Provided further, That any funds 

made available subsequent to reallotment for 

innovative activities aimed at improving the 

outcomes of individuals with disabilities shall 

remain available until September 30, 2021]. 

This language, which allows the Secretary to 

use amounts that remain available 

subsequent to the reallotment of funds to 

States under the VR State Grants program for 

innovative activities designed to improve the 

outcomes of individuals with disabilities, is 

deleted because it is no longer needed. No 

unobligated VR State Grant funds remained at 

the end of fiscal years 2016, 2017, 2018, or 

2019 and all available funds were reallotted to 

States before the end of their respective fiscal 

years. The Department expects to be able to 

reallocate all available grant funds to other 

State VR agencies in fiscal year 2021. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Appropriation, Adjustments, and Transfers 

(dollars in thousands)

Appropriation/Adjustments/Transfers 2019 2020 2021 

Discretionary:

Discretionary: Appropriation............................................... $135,199 $137,699 $115,151

Total, discretionary appropriation ........ 135,199 137,699 115,151

Mandatory:

Mandatory: Appropriation............................................... 3,521,990 3,610,040 3,667,801

Mandatory Sequester (P.L. 112-25).............................. -218,363 -212,992 0

Total, adjusted mandatory appropriation . 3,303,627 3,397,048 3,667,801

Total, discretionary and adjusted 

mandatory appropriation.......................... 3,438,826 3,534,747 3,782,952
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Summary of Changes

(dollars in thousands)

2020............................................................................................ $3,747,7391

2021.............................................................................................. 3,782,952

Net change............................................................... +62,338

1 Excludes the 5.9 percent reduction of mandatory VR State Grant funds pursuant to the Budget Control Act 

(P.L. 112-25) that went into effect on October 1, 2019. The reduced level for 2020 subsequent to the 5.9 percent 

sequester is $3,534,747, a reduction of $212,992 million. 

Increases: 2020

Appropriation

Change 

from 2020

Built in

Increase in funding for Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) State 

grants, consistent with the inflation increase specified in the 

authorizing statute. $3,610,040 +$57,761

Decreases:

2020

Appropriation

Change 

from 2020

Program:

Eliminate funding for Supported Employment State grants

because there is no longer a need for a separate supported 

employment funding stream and its elimination would reduce 

unnecessary administrative burden and streamline program 

administration at the Federal and State levels. $22,548 -$22,548

Net change +35,213
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Authorizing Legislation

(dollars in thousands)

Activity

2020

Authorized

footnote

2020 

Estimate

footnote

2021 

Authorized

footnote

2021 

Request

Vocational rehabilitation (VR) State grants:

VR Grants to States (RA-I A, B-110 and 111) $3,610,040 1 $3,351,7982 $3,667,8013 $3,622,551

VR Grants for Indians (RA-I-C) (1, 4) 45,2502 (3,4) 45,250

Client assistance State grants (RA-I-112) 14,098 13,000 14,0985 13,000

Supported employment State grants (RA-VI) 32,363 22,548 32,3635 0

Training (RA-III-302) 39,540 29,388 39,5405 29,388

Demonstration and training programs (RA-III-303) 6,809 5,796 6,8095 5,796

Services for older blind individuals (RA-VII-2) 39,141 33,317 39,1415 33,317

Protection and advocacy of individual rights (RA-V-509) 20,735 17,650 20,7355 17,650

Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults (HKNCA) 0 6 16,000 06 16,000

Total definite authorization 3,762,726 3,820,487

Total discretionary appropriation 137,699 115,151

Total mandatory appropriation 3,610,040 3,667,801

Total appropriation 3,747,739 3,782,952

Portion of request not authorized 16,000

Total appropriation including required mandatory reduction 3,534,7472

_______________________________ 

1 The authorizing legislation specifies that the amount to be appropriated for VR State grants for a fiscal year be at least at the level of the prior fiscal year 

increased by the 12-month percentage change from October to October in the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPIU). In FY 2020, this amount

was $3,610,0401 thousand. 2 The amount reflects the 5.9 percent reduction of mandatory programs that went into effect on October 1, 2019, pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011 

(P.L. 112-25). 3 Section 100(d) of the Rehabilitation Act automatically extends the authorization of appropriations for the program authorized by the State grant program under 

Part B of Title I through fiscal year 2021. The authorizing legislation specifies that the amount to be appropriated for a fiscal year be at least the level of the prior 

fiscal year increased by the 12-month percentage change from October to October in the CPIU. In FY 2021, this amount is $3,667,801 thousand. 4 The Rehabilitation Act requires that 1.0 percent to 1.5 percent of the appropriation for Vocational Rehabilitation State grants be set aside for Grants to Indians. 5 The GEPA extension applies through September 30, 2021. 6 The GEPA extension expired September 30, 2004; continued funding is proposed for this program in fiscal year 2021 under appropriations language.
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Appropriations History

(dollars in thousands)

Year

Budget 

Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance Footnote

Senate 

Allowance Footnote Appropriation

Foot2012 $3,541,111 $3,522,6861 $3,511,7351 $3,511,281

2013 3,517,710 3,511,2812 3,626,3802 3,622,925

2014 3,655,577 N/A3 3,698,1744 3,680,497

2015 3,683,335 N/A3 3,722,8534 3,709,853

2016 3,532,109 3,529,6055 3,487,8645 3,529,605

2017 3,541,389 3,534,0276 3,536,3896

1

0 3,535,5896

2018 3,563,008 3,562,5827 3,562,4187 3,361,1437

2019 3,634,977 3,657,6898 3,656,1898 3,657,1898

2020 3,719,527 3,752,076 3,745,2399 3,747,7399

2021 3,782,952

1 The level for the House allowance reflects an introduced bill and the level for the Senate allowance reflects Senate 

Committee action only.

2 The level for the House and Senate allowances reflect action on the regular annual 2013 appropriations bill, which 

proceeded in the 112th Congress only through the House Subcommittee and the Senate Committee.

3 The House allowance is shown as N/A because there was no Subcommittee action.

4 The level for the Senate allowance reflects Senate Subcommittee action only.

5 The levels for House and Senate allowances reflect action on the regular annual 2016 appropriations bill, which 

proceeded in the 114th Congress only through the House Committee and Senate Committee. 6 The levels for House and Senate allowances reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2017 appropriations 

bill; the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated Appropriation Act, 2017. 7 The levels for the House reflect floor action on an Omnibus appropriation bill; Senate allowances reflect Committee 

action on the regular annual 2018 appropriations bill; the Appropriation reflects the annualized Continuing Resolution 

level.

8 The levels for the House and Senate allowances reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2019 appropriations 

bill; the Appropriation reflects enactment of the Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and 

Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-245). 9 The Senate allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; the Appropriation reflects the Further Consolidated 

Appropriation Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94).
Click here for accessible version

Summary of R equest

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2021 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat 

Code

2019

Appropriation

2020

Appropriation

2021 President's 

Budget

2021 President's Budget Compared to 

2020 Appropriation

Amount Percent

1.

Subtotal 1 3,303,627 3,397,048 3,667,801 270,753 7.97%

Mandatory baseline M 3,521,990 3,610,040 3,667,801 57,761 1.60%

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Subtotal 135,199 137,699 115,151 (22,548) -16.37%

Total 3,438,826 3,534,747 3,782,952 248,205 7.02%

Discretionary D 135,199 137,699 115,151 (22,548) -16.37%

Mandatory M 3,303,627 3,397,048 3,667,801 270,753 7.97%

NOTES: D = discretionary program; M = mandatory program 

Detail may not add to totals due to rounding.

1 Pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25), the Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants program level shown in the 2019 Appropriation column reflectsthe 6.2 percent reduction that went into effect on

October 1, 2018; and the 2020 Appropriation column reflects the 5.9 percent reduction that went into effect on October 1, 2019.

Rehabilitation Services

Vocational rehabilitation State grants:

(a)

(b)

Grants to States (RA Title I-A, sections 110 and 111) 1 M 3,260,627 3,351,798 3,622,551 270,753 8.08%

Grants to Indians (RA Title I-C) M 43,000 45,250 45,250 0 0.00%

Client assistance State grants (RA section 112) D 13,000 13,000 13,000 0 0.00%

Training (RA section 302) D 29,388 29,388 29,388 0 0.00%

Demonstration and training programs (RA section 303) D 5,796 5,796 5,796 0 0.00%

Protection and advocacy of individual rights (RA section 509) D 17,650 17,650 17,650 0 0.00%

Supported employment State grants (RA VI) D 22,548 22,548 0 (22,548) -100.00%

Independent living services for older blind individuals (RA VII, Chapter 2) D 33,317 33,317 33,317 0 0.00%

Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults (HKNCA) D 13,500 16,000 16,000 0 0.00%
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Summary of Request

People with disabilities represent a vital and integral part of our society. Giving workers with 

disabilities the support and the opportunity to acquire the skills that they need for in-demand 

jobs and careers is critical to growing our economy, ensuring that everyone who works hard is 

rewarded, and building a strong middle class. To help achieve this goal, the Rehabilitation Act 

seeks to empower individuals with disabilities to maximize employment, economic selfsufficiency, independence, and inclusion and integration into society. The Rehabilitation Act was 

reauthorized by Title IV of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), enacted in 

July 2014. WIOA supports the Nation’s workforce development system through programs and 

investments in employment services, workforce development, adult education, and vocational 

rehabilitation.

The Administration’s 2021 request for the Rehabilitation Services account provides $3.8 billion 

to support comprehensive and coordinated vocational rehabilitation for individuals with 

disabilities through direct services, training and technical assistance, and model 

demonstrations, as well as direct services to help older individuals who are blind live more 

independently.

The $3.7 billion request for the Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) State Grants program includes an 

increase of $57.8 million over the fiscal year 2020 mandatory level, consistent with the 

inflationary increase specified in the authorizing statute, to assist States and Tribal governments 

in increasing the participation of individuals with disabilities in the workforce. WIOA 

strengthened the alignment of the VR program with other components of the workforce 

development system to promote a coordinated and streamlined system. As an integral partner 

in this system, the VR program is the primary Federal vehicle for assisting individuals with 

disabilities, particularly individuals with the most significant disabilities, to prepare for, obtain, 

retain, or advance in high quality employment.

No funds are requested for the Supported Employment State Grants program. The 

Administration recognizes that supported employment can be an effective strategy in assisting 

individuals with the most significant disabilities to obtain competitive employment in integrated 

settings. However, a separate supported employment program is unnecessary because it 

duplicates services that are available under the VR State Grants program. In addition, the 

proposed elimination would reduce administrative burden and streamline program 

administration at the Federal and State levels.

The request would maintain support for all other programs in the Rehabilitation Services 

account at the 2020 appropriation level.
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Vocational rehabilitation State grants

(Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title I, Parts A, B (Sections 110 and 111), and C)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: $3,667,8011

Budget Authority: 

Program footnote

2020

Appropriation

2021

Request footnote

Change from

2020 to 2021

State grants $3,564,790 $3,622,551 +$57,761

Indian set-aside 45,250 45,250 0

Total 3,610,0402

3,667,801 +57,761

1 Section 100(d) of the Rehabilitation Act automatically extends the authorization of appropriations for the program 

authorized by the State grant program under Part B of Title I through fiscal year 2021. The authorizing statute 

specifies that the amount to be appropriated for a fiscal year be at least the level of the prior fiscal year increased by 

the 12-month percentage change (from October to October) in the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers 

(CPIU). The authorizing statute also requires that not less than 1.0 percent, and not more than 1.5 percent, of the 

appropriation for each fiscal year for VR State Grants be set aside for Grants for American Indians.

2 The levels shown in the 2020 column are the mandatory amounts for the VR State Grants program and do not 

include the sequester reduction for mandatory programs pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011. The reduced 

level for fiscal year 2020 subsequent to the 5.9 percent sequester that went into effect on October 1, 2019 is 

$3,397,047,640, a reduction of $213.0 million from the mandatory level.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) State Grants program supports formula grants to 56 States, 

including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and 

the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, to provide individuals with disabilities,

particularly individuals with the most significant disabilities, the services they need to obtain 

competitive integrated employment. Grant funds are administered by VR agencies designated 

by each State. There is currently a total of 78 State VR agencies. Thirty-four States operate a 

“combined” agency serving all disability categories. Twenty-two States operate a separate 

agency for individuals who are blind or visually impaired and a “general” agency for all other 

disability categories. The authorizing legislation requires the program to be funded at no less 

than the prior year level, increased by the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index for 

Urban Consumers.

Workforce Development System

The VR State Grants program was reauthorized in July 2014 in Title IV of the Workforce 

Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), which supports a comprehensive, accessible, highquality workforce development system that includes programs and investments in employment 

services, workforce development, adult education, and vocational rehabilitation and is aligned
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Vocational rehabilitation State grants

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with regional economic development strategies to meet the needs of local and regional 

employers. WIOA’s one-stop system, established under Section 121(e) of WIOA, operates 

through a network of centers in each State that provide a variety of services to assist individuals 

to meet their employment and training needs, while also assisting local employers in meeting 

their needs for qualified personnel. 

The VR State Grants program is a core program and a required partner in the one-stop service 

delivery system, and is governed by provisions in both the Rehabilitation Act (Title IV of WIOA) 

and Title I of WIOA. For a State to be eligible to receive Federal funds for the core programs of 

WIOA (Adult, Dislocated Worker, and Youth Formula programs (Title I of WIOA), Adult 

Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA) program (Title II of WIOA), Wagner-Peyser 

Employment Service program (Title III of WIOA), and VR program (Title IV of WIOA)), the 

Governor must submit a unified State plan, including the VR plan. After approval of the VR 

portion of the plan by the Commissioner of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA), the 

unified State plan is subject to the approval of both the Secretaries of Labor and Education. 

VR agencies provide a wide range of services designed to help persons with disabilities prepare 

for and engage in competitive integrated employment to the extent of their capabilities. 

Individuals who are eligible for assistance include those with a physical or mental impairment 

that results in a substantial impediment to employment and who require and can benefit from 

VR services to achieve and maximize employment and career goals. Program services are 

tailored to the specific needs of the individual through an individualized plan for employment 

(IPE). The VR program provides a variety of services, such as vocational evaluation, 

counseling, education, vocational training, job placement, rehabilitation technology, supported 

employment services, and treatment of mental or physical conditions, that may reasonably be 

expected to reduce or eliminate one or more barriers to employment. Priority is given to serving 

individuals with the most significant disabilities. Pre-employment transition services may be 

provided to students with disabilities who are in a secondary, postsecondary, or other 

recognized education program and are eligible or potentially eligible for VR services. 

VR State Grants help cover the cost of direct services and program administration. The State 

matching requirement is 21.3 percent, except for the cost of construction of a facility for 

community rehabilitation program purposes, in which case the non-Federal share is 50 percent. 

If a State has met all matching requirements for the fiscal year in which funds were 

appropriated, the State may carry over unobligated Federal funds for an additional year. States 

must also maintain non-Federal expenditures at no less than the level spent during the second 

preceding fiscal year. Amendments made by WIOA to Section 111 of the Rehabilitation Act 

allow the Department to reduce a State’s VR grant by the amount of a Maintenance of Effort 

(MOE) deficit from any previous fiscal year. 

The Department allocates funds to States through a formula that takes into account population 

and per capita income. Each State is required to reserve and expend at least 15 percent of its 

Federal VR State Grant allotment to support pre-employment transition services to all students 

with disabilities in need of such services who are eligible or potentially eligible for services under 

Section 113 of the Rehabilitation Act. Each State is also required to reserve and use a portion of 

the Federal funds received under the VR State Grants program for innovation and expansion 

activities authorized in Section 101(a)(18).
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Vocational rehabilitation State grants

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American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services 

The Rehabilitation Act requires the Department to reserve between 1.0 percent and 1.5 percent 

of the funds appropriated for the VR State grants program for the American Indian Vocational 

Rehabilitation Services (AIVRS) program (Section 121 of the Act), which pays part of the costs 

of vocational rehabilitation services for American Indians who are individuals with disabilities 

residing on or near a reservation. The Department also must use between 1.8 percent and 

2.0 percent of AIVRS funds to provide training and technical assistance to governing bodies of 

Indian tribes located on Federal and State reservations.

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were as follows:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands) footnote

2016.....................................................................$3,161,1301

2017.......................................................................3,164,0541

2018.......................................................................3,225,0381

2019.......................................................................3,303,627 1

2020.......................................................................3,397,048 1

1 The amounts shown for 2016 through 2020 reflect the sequester reduction for mandatory programs pursuant to the 

Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25). The mandatory appropriation was reduced by 6.8 percent in 2016, 6.9 

percent in 2017, 6.6 percent in 2018, 6.2 percent in 2019, and 5.9 percent in 2020. 

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2021, the Administration requests $3.7 billion for the VR State Grants programs, 

$57.8 million more than the fiscal year 2020 appropriation, to help States and Tribal 

governments increase the participation of individuals with disabilities in the workforce. The fiscal 

year 2021 request reflects the current estimate of the mandatory amount required by the 

authorizing statute. Of the amount requested, $45.3 million, or 1.2% of the funds requested for 

the VR State Grants program, will be set aside to support grants under the AIVRS program. 

Individuals with disabilities are a vital and integral part of American society; however, some face 

particular barriers to obtaining employment. Although many people with disabilities find and 

retain jobs, the overall unemployment rate for people with disabilities is very high. For example, 

2018 employment data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics show that of those aged 16-64 

(i.e., U.S. working age population), people with sensory, physical, mental, and/or self-care 

disabilities are significantly less likely to be employed (either full-time or part-time) than people 

without such disabilities (30.4 percent versus 74.0 percent, respectively). Of those people with 

disabilities who were employed, 31 percent usually worked part-time (less than 35 hours per 

week) compared to 17 percent of people without such disabilities. In addition, employed persons 

with a disability were more likely to be self-employed (10.2 percent) than those with no disability 

(6.1 percent). 2

2 https://www.bls.gov/news.release/disabl.htm
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Vocational rehabilitation State grants

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The VR State Grants program is a critical component of the WIOA workforce development 

system and continues to be the primary Federal vehicle for assisting individuals with 

disabilities—particularly individuals with the most significant disabilities—to obtain 

competitive integrated employment. Nationally, there are approximately 1.3 million eligible 

individuals with disabilities in various phases of the vocational rehabilitation process within 

the VR system, about three-quarters of whom had an individualized plan for employment 

(IPE) during fiscal year 2019. Approximately 94 percent of these individuals were individuals 

with significant disabilities. 

One example of VR services is support for apprenticeships that offer youth and adults with 

disabilities a career pathway that provides competitive integrated employment. The inclusion of

mentoring and on-the-job training components make apprenticeships a highly successful vehicle 

for recruiting, training, and retaining individuals with disabilities in both traditional and highgrowth industries. 

State VR agencies play an important role in working with apprenticeship programs to ensure 

that individuals with disabilities can successfully participate in such programs. For example, 

State agencies can provide a variety of services and supports that are beneficial to both 

employers and eligible individuals participating in or seeking apprenticeships including, 

vocational assessment, career exploration, job readiness training, identifying assistive 

technology devices and accommodations, job coaching, job restructuring, and/or postemployment services, as necessary.

Disability Innovation Fund 

Beginning with the fiscal year 2012 appropriation, Congress provided authority to use amounts 

that remained available following the reallotment of funds to States under Section 110(b)(2) of 

the Rehabilitation Act to conduct innovative activities aimed at improving outcomes for 

individuals with disabilities (“Disability Innovation Fund” or DIF). Absent authority provided in 

appropriations language, these annual funds would lapse and no longer be available for Federal 

obligation. The Department funded a variety of DIF projects in prior years, including projects to: 

improve the education and employment outcomes of children receiving Supplemental Security 

Income and their families; ensure that individuals with disabilities can access web-based 

computer information with personalized accommodations at home, school, or the workplace; 

and to develop work-based learning transition demonstrations for students with disabilities. 

Additional information about these projects is provided in the Program Performance Information 

section of this request.

However, no unobligated VR State Grant funds remained at the end of fiscal years 2016

through 2019 and all available funds were reallotted to States before the end of their respective 

fiscal years. The Department expects to be able to reallocate all available grant funds to other 

State VR agencies in fiscal years 2020 and 2021; consequently, the request does not include 

continued authority for the Disability Innovation Fund in fiscal year 2021. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services

The request would provide $45.3 million for grants under the American Indian Vocational 

Rehabilitation Services (AIVRS) program, allowing the Department to support 87 tribal VR 

projects, including 13 new awards and 74 continuation awards. These funds enable Tribal 

governments to provide a program of VR services in a culturally relevant manner to American 

Indians with disabilities residing on or near reservations. Consistent with Section 121(c) of the 

Rehabilitation Act, the Department plans to reserve 2.0 percent of these funds to support 

training and technical assistance to governing bodies of Indian tribes located on Federal and 

State reservations. 

Fiscal year 2019 was the final year of funding for the AIVRS Training and Technical Assistance 

Center. The Department will hold a competition for a new center in fiscal year 2020.

PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES

Vocational rehabilitation State grants

Output Measures 2019 2020 2021 

Individuals receiving VR services under an IPE 939,000 940,000 940,000

Individuals with significant disabilities as a percent of 

all individuals receiving services 94% 94% 94%

Eligible individuals whose case files were closed 447,000 448,000 448,000

Individuals whose cases were closed and received 

VR services 326,000 328,000 328,000

Individuals achieving an employment outcome 170,000 172,000 172,000

Individuals with significant disabilities as a percent of 

individuals achieving employment outcomes 94% 94% 94%
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Vocational rehabilitation State grants

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American Indian vocational rehabilitation services

(dollars in thousands)

Output Measures 2019 2020 footnote2021 Footnote

Project funding:

Project fundi ng: New awards $22,540 $13,208 $7,989

Project fundi ng: Continuation awards 19,675 31,121 36,349

Project fundi ng: Technical assistancefunds 774 905 905

Project fundi ng: Peer review of new awards applications 11 16 7

Total 43,000 45,250 45,250

Number of AIVRS projects:

Number of New projects – AIVRS 44 30 13

Number of Continuation projects – AIVRS 43 55 74

Total projects 87 85 87

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA 

goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of the 

progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on 

the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program as well as the resources 

and efforts invested by those served by the program.

VR State Grants 

WIOA requires States that operate core programs of the publicly funded workforce development 

system, including the VR State Grants program, to meet common performance accountability 

requirements, including the submission of common performance data to demonstrate that 

specified performance levels are achieved. Required data for the core programs include those 

related to the primary performance indicators, participant counts and costs, and participants’ 

barriers to employment. Data definitions were changed by WIOA, limiting the validity of 

comparisons to performance data reported under the prior law.

State VR agencies began to collect and report quarterly data on the joint WIOA performance 

measures and other data beginning in program year (PY) 2017 (the PY runs from July 1 to June 

30) and reported complete PY 2018 data at the start of fiscal year 2020. VR program data for 

one performance measure, Measurable Skill Gains, from PYs 2017 and 2018 will be used to 

establish levels of performance in the first two years of the PY 2020 through 2023 

Unified/Combined State Plans. Baseline VR program data from PYs 2017 through 2021 will also 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Vocational rehabilitation State grants

J-15

be used to inform performance levels for four additional measures in the second two years of 

these Plans. In broad terms, the WIOA measures assess the VR program’s performance in 

assisting participants with making progress towards earning recognized credentials, whether 

participants earn credentials during and after program participation, and rates of employment, 

including wages, at specific intervals after participants exit the VR program.

For GPRA reporting for fiscal years 2015 through 2019, the Department developed and will 

continue to report interim GPRA measures that are aligned with the WIOA joint performance 

measures until State performance data on the WIOA measures are available. 

For the purposes of the interim measures, a VR participant is an eligible individual who has an 

approved and signed IPE and has begun to receive services. A VR participant is reported to 

have exited the program when the participant’s record of service is closed. Competitive 

integrated employment is work in the competitive labor market that is performed on a full-time or 

part-time basis in an integrated setting, and for which an individual is compensated at or above 

the minimum wage, but not less than the customary wage rate paid by the employer for the 

same or similar work performed by other individuals who are not disabled and who are similarly 

situated in similar occupations by the same employer and who have similar training, experience, 

and skills, including eligibility for the same level of benefits. (See 34 CFR 361.5(c)(9)).

In fiscal year 2020, the Department will consider adopting final GPRA measures aligned with the 

WIOA measures.

Interim VR Measures

Goal: Individuals with disabilities served by the Vocational Rehabilitation State Grant 

program will achieve high quality employment. 

Objective: Ensure that individuals with disabilities who are served by the Vocational 

Rehabilitation State Grant program achieve competitive integrated employment consistent with 

their particular strengths, resources, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice.

Measure: Percentage of participants who exited the VR program in competitive integrated 

employment. 

Year Target Actual

2016 55%

2017 50% 48

2018 50 47

2019 50 46

2020 50

2021 50

Additional Information: State performance varies considerably on this measure, ranging from 

a low of 12 percent to a high of 63 percent in fiscal year 2019. Among those individuals who 
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exited the VR program in FY 2019 with an employment outcome, 99.9 percent obtained 

competitive integrated employment. 

Measure: Median weekly earnings for participants who exited the VR program with a 

competitive integrated employment outcome. 

Year Target Actual

2016 $315

2017 $325 320

2018 330 325

2019 335 338

2020 340

2021 345

Additional Information: Median weekly earnings at exit ranged from $218 to $680 in fiscal 

year 2019, as compared with $225 to $455 in fiscal year 2018. 

Objective: Ensure that youth with disabilities who are served by the Vocational Rehabilitation 

State Grant program receive the education and training needed to achieve competitive 

integrated employment.

Measure: Percent of youth participants who exit the VR program who received at least one of 

seven specified training services. 

Year Target Actual

2016 36%

2017 35% 32

2018 35 16

2019 35 15

2020 35

2021 35

Additional Information: For the purpose of this measure, youth participants are youth with a 

disability between the ages of 14 and 24 at the time of application to the VR program. Training 

services, for the purpose of this measure, include: (1) graduate college or university training; (2) 

4-year college or university training; (3) junior or community college training; (4) occupational or 

vocational training; (5) apprenticeship training; (6) basic academic remedial or literacy training; 

or (7) miscellaneous training.

State performance varies considerably on this measure; excluding the four territories, 

performance ranged from a high of about 57 percent to a low of about 2 percent in fiscal year 

2019. Of the seven training services, the most frequently received was miscellaneous training 

followed by occupational training. 
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American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services

WIOA does not require the use of common performance measures and data for the AIVRS 

program, and the Department is continuing to use previously established performance and 

efficiency measures for this program.

Goal: To improve employment outcomes of American Indians with disabilities who live 

on or near reservations by providing effective tribal vocational rehabilitation services. 

Objective: Ensure that eligible American Indians with disabilities receive vocational 

rehabilitation services and achieve employment outcomes consistent with their particular 

strengths, resources, abilities, capabilities, and interests.

Measure: The percentage of individuals who leave the program with an employment outcome, after 

receiving services under an individualized plan for employment.

Year Target Actual

2016 66% 67%

2017 67 68

2018 67 68

2019 67

2020 68

2021 68

Additional information: Data for fiscal year 2018 show that 2,128, or 67.6 percent, of the 

3,148 individuals with disabilities who exited the program after receiving services in that year 

achieved an employment outcome. Fiscal year 2019 data will be available in May 2020. 

Efficiency Measures

The Department established two efficiency measures to ensure that AIVRS projects 

demonstrate effective fiscal management. These include cost per employment outcome and 

cost per participant. 
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Objective: Ensure that AIVRS projects demonstrate effective fiscal management. 

Measure: The percentage of AIVRS projects that demonstrate an average annual cost per employment 

outcome of no more than $35,000.

Year Target Actual

2016 76% 72%

2017 76 77

2018 76 84

2019 76

2020 76

2021 76

Additional information: The cost per employment outcome varied significantly across projects, 

ranging from $4,300 to $192,300. 

Measure: The percentage of AIVRS projects that demonstrate an average annual cost of 

services per participant of no more than $10,000.

Year Target Actual

2016 86% 76%

2017 80 74

2018 80 73

2019 75

2020 75

2021 75

Additional information: The median annual cost per participant for the 88 projects reporting 

data was $5,789 in fiscal year 2018, $845 less than the median cost in fiscal year 2017 of 

$6,634, while the mean annual cost per participant in fiscal year 2019 was $7,385 due to a 

small number of project outliers. Performance on this measure is likely to continue to fall below 

the targets that were established based on performance in prior years. Targets for fiscal year 

2019, 2020 and 2021 have been lowered to reflect increased costs in serving American Indians 

with disabilities. 

Disability Innovation Fund 

Promoting Readiness of Minors in Social Security Income 

In fiscal year 2013, VR funds remaining from the 2012 appropriation were used to award 5-year 

grants to five States and a consortium of six States for model demonstration projects (MDPs) 

under the Promoting Readiness of Minors in Social Security Income (PROMISE) program.

PROMISE is a joint initiative with the Social Security Administration (SSA) and the Departments 

of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Labor. Under the PROMISE program, States have 

developed partnerships and are implementing interventions designed to improve the provision 
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and coordination of services and supports for children who receive SSI and their families and 

achieve outcomes that lead to increased economic self-sufficiency and a reduction in their 

dependence on SSI payments. 

In fiscal year 2014, the Department used $92.5 million in unobligated VR funds that became 

available from the fiscal year 2013 appropriation for the VR State Grants program to cover 

continuation costs of the PROMISE MDPs, as well as the costs of the PROMISE technical 

assistance center grant awarded in fiscal year 2014. By the end of the recruitment period in 

April 2016, all six projects met their project recruitment goals, with a total of 13,444 participants 

enrolled across the six projects. Approximately one-half of the children and families enrolled 

were placed in the treatment group and receive project services. Program participants in the 

intervention group are receiving services that include paid competitive employment 

opportunities. Examples of project accomplishments as of July 2018 are provided below. 

Additional information can be found on the PROMISE technical assistance center’s website.1

 

SSA, in collaboration with the Department, has contracted for a rigorously designed national 

evaluation of PROMISE. As of September 2019, the evaluation contractor has prepared an 

interim services and impact report. The report presents the estimated impacts of the six 

PROMISE programs on outcomes related to service receipt, education, employment, 

expectations, health insurance coverage, income, and youth self-determination, and on 

participation in SSA and other public assistance programs for youth and their families. The 

impacts on the primary outcomes were measured at 18 months after youth enrolled in the 

PROMISE evaluation. This report and others are available on SSA’s website.2 Key findings, in 

addition to the report, are provided on Mathematica Policy Research’s website.

3 Specifically, the 

interim services and impact report found:

• Each of the six programs increased youth’s receipt of transition services, youth’s paid 

employment, and family member receipt of support services. 

• None of the programs had an impact on the number of hours of key services that youth 

and families received, but four programs increased the likelihood that youth applied for 

VR services. 

• Each program had a positive impact on youth’s receipt of job-related training or training 

credentials. 

• Four of the programs had positive impacts on youth’s total income from earnings and 

SSA payments. 

• Only one of the programs reduced youth’s receipt of any SSA payments and increased 

parents’ education and job-related training. 

• None of the programs had a desirable impact on youth’s self-determination and 

expectations or youth’s reliance on Medicaid, nor on parents’ total income.

In FY 2019, the evaluator began to collect data to inform the final impact report. This impact

report is due to be released in fiscal year 2022. The evaluation contractor has published two 

1 http://www.promisetacenter.org/. 2 Reports documenting PROMISE program implementation and service delivery experiences are available at

https://www.ssa.gov/disabilityresearch/promise.htm. 3 These reports will be available at https://www.mathematica-mpr.com/our-publications-andfindings/projects/evaluate-the-promoting-readiness-of-minors-in-supplemental-security-income-promise-grants.
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PROMISE special topics briefs, The Role of PROMISE in the Landscape of Federal Programs 

Targeting Youth with Disabilities1 and the PROMISE Programs’ Use of Effective Transition 

Practices in Serving Youth with Disabilities.

2

Automatic Personalization Computing Project 

In fiscal year 2015, the Department used about $37.2 million of unobligated fiscal year 2014 VR 

funds to fully fund a 5-year innovative Automated Personalization Computing Project (APCP) 

($20 million) and to provide supplemental awards to support PROMISE activities ($17.2 million). 

The goal of the APCP is to ensure that individuals with disabilities can access computer 

information with personalized accommodations whether at home, school, or the workplace, as 

long as there is web access. Examples of such personalization could include font size or color, 

line-spacing, text-to-speech functionality, overall cognitive access (such as site simplification, or 

simple language), translation from one language to another, and volume levels of audio 

features. The 5-year project will develop an information technology infrastructure on which 

Internet-capable computers automatically run assistive technology solutions customized for

individual users with disabilities according to their preferences. The Department is partnering 

with the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research which 

is now administered by the Administration for Community Living in HHS, the National Institute of 

Standards and Technology, and the Access Board, among others, in overseeing this initiative.

During fiscal year 2018, the APCP began transitioning from pre-pilot testing to pilot work with 

selected American Job Centers; in fiscal year 2019, the APCP pilot tested the capabilities of the 

software’s automatic transfer of preference settings to determine the role it can play in 

supporting transition of individuals from high school to the community college, and from the 

community college to job settings.

During 2020, the fifth and final year of the grant, the project will continue to test its software and 

create support materials for use by organizations and individuals implementing the software. In 

addition, the project will be disseminated to increase public awareness of the results of the 

APCP. 

Transition Work-Based Learning Demonstrations (FY 2015 VR Funds)

Students with disabilities often have lower high school graduation rates, lower postsecondary 

enrollment rates, and higher unemployment rates than peers without disabilities.3 To help 

address this problem, WIOA expanded the available services as well as the population of 

students with disabilities who may receive these services under the VR program. In particular, 

States are required to reserve 15 percent of their VR allotment to provide pre-employment 

1 https://www.mathematica-mpr.com/our-publications-and-findings/publications/the-role-of-promise-in-the-landscapeof-federal-programs-targeting-youth-with-disabilities 2 https://www.mathematica.org/our-publications-and-findings/publications/promoting-readiness-of-minors-insupplemental-security-income-promise-promise-programs-use 3 Luecking, D.M., & Luecking, R.G. (2015, May). Translating Research Into a Seamless Transition Model. Career 

Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 38(1), 4-13.
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transition services to students with disabilities who are eligible or potentially eligible for VR 

services. These pre-employment transition services include job exploration counseling, 

workplace readiness training, work-based learning experiences, counseling on opportunities for 

enrollment in comprehensive transition or postsecondary educational programs at institutions of 

higher education, and instruction in self-advocacy. Research indicates that work experiences for

youth with disabilities, especially paid employment, can be effective in influencing post-school 

employment. However, strategies and interventions that are based on the most promising

evidence of effectiveness in providing work-based learning experiences are needed.

Through the DIF authority, the Department awarded 5-year demonstration projects to five State 

VR agencies in fiscal year 2016. The goal of these projects is to identify and demonstrate workbased learning interventions for students with disabilities that are supported by research and are 

rigorously evaluated.

A brief description of the five projects is provided below.

• The Maryland Work-Based Learning Collaborative (Way2Work Maryland) project is 

improving career outcomes for youth with disabilities by incorporating early referral to the VR 

agency, work-based learning experiences, integrated employment, and collaboration among 

the Maryland Division of Rehabilitation Services, local educational agencies, community 

rehabilitation programs, America’s job centers, and employers. The model includes a 

randomized control design implemented across eight diverse school districts. 

(https://www.way2workmd.net)

• Vermont’s Linking Learning to Careers project is assisting students with disabilities to 

transition to early career success by connecting community college career consultants with 

VR services and school programming. These connections are enhanced by the provision of 

a targeted continuum of work-based learning opportunities, statewide assistive technology 

specialists, college mentors, expanded postsecondary college courses during high school, 

and additional transportation funding and training. This model includes a quasi-experimental 

design. (https://vocrehab.vermont.gov/linking-learning-careers-llc) 

• The Massachusetts Transition Pathway Services project provides a coordinated set of 

services to improve career and academic planning skills so that high school students with 

disabilities will be successful in achieving competitive integrated employment and postsecondary outcomes upon completion of their secondary education. The project and its 

community partners, including more than a dozen local education agencies, are providing 

work-based learning experiences and a menu of services to students. Through a personcentered collaborative team-based approach, students’ career goals will be thoughtfully 

planned and supported. The model includes a quasi-experimental design.

(https://www.mass.gov/service-details/transition-pathway-services) 

• Maine’s Transition Work-Based Learning Model project is partnering with Jobs for Maine 

Graduates (JMG), the Institute for Community Inclusion at the University of Massachusetts 

Boston, American Institutes for Research, and the Council for Administrators of Vocational 

Rehabilitation to evaluate two innovative interventions using a progressive employment 

model. The project plans to expand employer relationships and align its dual customer 

community-based strategy with enhanced JMG programs for students with disabilities. The 
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model includes a quasi-experimental design. (https://www.explorevr.org/progressiveemployment-maine-transition-work-based-learning-model) 

• The California Career Innovations project incorporates a career-relevant focus in the 

attainment of competitive integrated employment (CIE) and post-secondary education for 

students with disabilities with the goal of increasing economic self-sufficiency, work-based 

learning experiences, and CIE for students with disabilities. The program provides paid and 

volunteer career-focused work experiences in four California regions to help students with 

disabilities gain entrance into post-secondary education and/or competitive integrated 

employment. The program also includes basic life skills training to assist with job readiness, 

such as computer literacy, and organization and communication skills. The model includes a 

randomized control design. (https://www.ci-california.org) 
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Client assistance State grants 

(Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title I, Section 112)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: $14,0981

Budget Authority: 

2020 

Appropriation 

2021 

Request 

Change from 

2020 to 2021 

$13,000 $13,000 0

1 The GEPA extension applies through September 30, 2021.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Client Assistance Program (CAP) provides grants to States for services to assist eligible 

individuals and applicants for the Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) State Grants program and other 

programs, projects, and services funded under the Rehabilitation Act (the Act). CAP focuses on 

promoting understanding of the rehabilitation services and benefits available under the Act, and 

advising eligible individuals of their rights and responsibilities in connection with those benefits. 

The program also offers eligible individuals and applicants a variety of other kinds of assistance, 

including assistance and advocacy in pursuing legal and administrative remedies to ensure the 

protection of their rights. State VR agencies must operate a CAP in order to receive VR State 

grant funds, and are required to inform VR consumers about the services available from the 

CAP and how to contact the CAP. 

Each Governor designates a public or private agency to operate a CAP. This designated 

agency must be independent of any agency that provides services under the Act, except in 

cases where the Act “grandfathered” agencies providing such services under the Act. If one of 

these “grandfathered” agencies should be restructured, the Governor is required to re-designate 

the CAP to an agency that does not provide services under the Act. 

Designations for the 57 CAPs, including the CAP for the American Indian consortium, are as 

follows: 

• 8 of the Governors have designated the CAP to external State agencies;

• 8 of the Governors have designated CAP agencies internal to the VR agency; and

• 41 of the Governors have designated CAP to private or non-profit organizations. 

Allocations are based on population (using the most recent estimates published by the U.S. 

Census Bureau), with a minimum allotment of $100,000 to each of the 50 States, D.C., and 
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Puerto Rico and $45,000 to each of the outlying areas. When the appropriation increases, the 

Act also requires the Department to increase the minimum allotments for States and outlying 

areas by an amount not greater than the percentage increase in the appropriation. 

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act also requires that funds be set aside under this 

program for two activities before awarding grants to eligible States and outlying areas with the 

remaining funds. The first set-aside reserves funds, at the same amount as provided to outlying 

areas, for an award to the eligible system established under the Developmental Disabilities 

Assistance and Bill of Rights Act to serve the American Indian consortium. In addition, if the 

appropriation rises to at least $14 million, the Department must set aside between 1.8 percent 

and 2.2 percent of the amount appropriated for training and technical assistance to CAPs 

established under this program. The Department currently provides such technical assistance to 

CAPs through the Rehabilitation Training program.

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were as follows:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2016 ........................................................................ $13,000

2017 .......................................................................... 13,000

2018 .......................................................................... 13,000

2019 .......................................................................... 13,000

2020 .......................................................................... 13,000

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2021, the Administration requests $13 million for CAP, level with the fiscal year 

2020 appropriation. CAPs promote understanding of the rehabilitation services and benefits 

available under the Rehabilitation Act and advise applicants and individuals who have been 

determined eligible for such services of their rights and responsibilities. The request will help 

ensure that individuals with disabilities who are applying for or receiving services funded under 

the Rehabilitation Act receive appropriate services and have access to administrative, legal, and 

other appropriate remedies needed to protect their rights.

Data collected by the Department’s Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) for fiscal year

2018 from the most recent available RSA Annual Client Assistance Program Report (RSA-227)

show that, nationwide, CAPs responded to 40,917 requests for information and referral (I&R). 

While the average number of I&R requests that States responded to was 718, the median 

number was 75 because of the significant range in the number of I&R requests reported by 

CAPs. Approximately 25 percent of all I&R requests were for information regarding the VR 

program. The remaining requests were in reference to independent living programs, the 

Americans with Disabilities Act, CAP, and other related programs. 

In addition, CAPs provided extensive services, such as assisting and advocating on behalf of a 

client, to 4,308 individuals in fiscal year 2018. Approximately 94 percent of the cases in which 

extensive services were provided by the CAP involved applicants for, or recipients of, services 

from the VR program who needed assistance related to the VR process or delivery of VR 

services. Of the 3,267 cases closed in fiscal year 2018, 1,296 cases (or 40 percent) were 

resolved by explaining the controlling policies to the individual; 711 cases (22 percent) resulted 
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in the development or implementation of an individualized plan for employment (IPE); and 458

cases (14 percent) resulted in the reestablishment of communication between the individuals 

and other parties. Of the cases closed, 73 percent were resolved in the individual’s favor. 

Specific examples of CAP activities are described below. Funds requested in fiscal year 2021 

would support similar activities. 

• In Texas, the CAP represented a 25-year-old male pursuing a baccalaureate degree in 

meteorology at a university in Texas with the goal of becoming a meteorologist. The client 

has a form of muscular dystrophy, uses a power wheelchair and requires an attendant for 

activities of daily living, as well as accommodations and assistive services in college. The 

VR agency had been assisting with a portion of the attendant care costs while the Medicaid 

Waiver program paid for the remaining attendant care charges. The client was informed 

without notice that support from the VR agency would end because the amount paid to the 

attendant was approaching a $5,000 indicator. The VR agency informed the client that an 

attendant care requisition needed to go out for bidding before assistance could continue. 

The client still needed attendant care services during this time and called the CAP in Texas. 

The CAP communicated with the counselor, manager, and regional office, learned of an 

exception procedure that avoided the need to obtain an attendant through a bidding 

process, and won agreement from the VR Agency to continue paying for attendant care 

going forward.

• In Arizona, the CAP represented a 19-year-old female with an attention deficit disorder who 

was pursuing a baccalaureate in music with the goal of becoming a music teacher. Due to 

her disability, the client required additional study and practice time. She had difficulty with 

time management and needed to follow a strict schedule each day to accomplish all her 

required schoolwork. The client’s IPE with the VR agency included payment for her college 

tuition, dorm room and meal plan. Upon review by a new VR counselor and a VR 

supervisor, however, the client was informed that the VR agency would no longer pay for 

her on-campus housing and meal plan, in part based on the agency’s policy of paying room 

and board only for students whose residence is more than 50 miles from the school (the 

student lives 36 miles from her school). 

The CAP successfully represented the client at a mediation hearing before the Office of the 

Arizona Attorney General, asserting that living on campus was required for the client both to 

successfully complete her course requirements without the additional stress and anxiety of 

daily commuting, and to achieve her IPE goal of becoming a music teacher. As a result, the 

VR agency agreed to make an exception to the policy and paid for the client’s dorm room 

and meal plan. 
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PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES

Output Measures 2019 2020 2021

Information inquiries/referrals 34,700 34,700 34,700

Individuals provided case services 4,700 4,700 4,700

_______________________________ 

NOTE: Data for fiscal years 2019 through 2021 are projected from actual final data reported for fiscal years 2016 

through 2018 on requests for information and the provision of extensive service through the RSA Annual Client 

Assistance Program Report (RSA-227). Final data for fiscal year 2019 will be available in May of 2020. 

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA 

goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of the 

progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on 

the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program as well as the resources 

and efforts invested by those served by the program.

Goal: To provide assistance and information to help individuals with disabilities secure 

the benefits available under the Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants program and 

other programs funded under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. 

Objective: Accurately identify problem areas requiring systemic change and engage in systemic 

activity to improve services under the Rehabilitation Act.

Measure: The percentage of CAPs that reported that their systemic advocacy resulted in 

changes in policy or practice. 

Year Target Actual

2016 74% 68%

2017 74 63

2018 72 72

2019 68

2020 68

2021 68

Additional information: Performance on this measure had been gradually declining since fiscal 

year 2014, however, performance increased and grantees met the target in 2018. While 

performance on this measure had been declining since 2014, the Department now believes 

some of this decline may have been due to inconsistent reporting standards and is addressing 

this issue through additional technical assistance to grantees.
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Objective: Resolve cases at lowest possible level. 

Measure: The percentage of cases resolved through the use of alternative dispute resolution 

(ADR). 

Year Target Actual 

2016 98% 99%

2017 98 98

2018 98 98

2019 98

2020 98

2021 98

Additional information: The percentage of cases being resolved through the use of ADR 

strategies, such as technical assistance, negotiation and mediation, has consistently ranged 

from about 97 to 99 percent. The use of such intervention strategies to resolve consumer 

complaints reduces the need for lengthy and costly interventions such as formal hearings and 

litigation. 
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Training 

(Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title III, Section 302) 

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: $39,5401Error! Reference source not found.

Budget Authority: 

2020

Appropriation

2021

Request

Change from

2020 to 2021

$29,388 $29,388 0

1 The GEPA extension applies through September 30, 2021.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The purpose of the Training program is to ensure that skilled personnel are available to meet 

the rehabilitation needs of individuals with disabilities assisted through other vocational 

rehabilitation (VR) and independent living programs. The program supports training and related 

activities designed to increase the number of qualified personnel providing rehabilitation 

services. Grants and contracts are awarded to States and public and nonprofit agencies and 

organizations, including institutions of higher education (IHEs), to pay all or part of the cost of 

conducting training programs. 

Awards may be made in any of 30 long-term training fields, in addition to awards for short-term 

training, experimental and innovative training, training interpreters for persons who are deaf or 

hard of hearing and persons who are deaf-blind, and technical assistance centers offering 

training-related services. These training programs vary in terms of content, methodology, and 

type of trainee. For example, the Long-Term Training program supports academic training 

grants that must direct 65 percent of the funds to trainee scholarships. Students who receive 

financial assistance from projects funded under the program are required to either work in public 

or private non-profit rehabilitation agencies for a period of time after they complete their training

or repay the cost of their training. Grantees report data on fulfillment of these requirements after 

gathering information from students and their employers. Beginning in fiscal year 2020, the 

Department will implement a new system to collect payback information directly from students, 

grantees and employers, which will allow the Department to obtain more timely and accurate 

information.
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Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were as follows: 

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2016................................................................. $30,188

2017................................................................... 29,388

2018................................................................... 29,388

2019................................................................... 29,388

2020................................................................... 29,388

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2021, the Administration requests $29.4 million for the Training program, level 

with the fiscal year 2020 appropriation. In fiscal year 2021, approximately $3.4 million would be 

used to support new awards, $25.7 million would be used to support continuation awards, and 

$311 thousand would be used to support other activities including peer review and minority 

outreach.

The Training program supports projects that provide training to new VR staff or upgrade the 

qualifications of existing staff. In recent years, in response to dramatic turnover at State VR 

agencies created by the retirement of a large number of qualified counselors, the Department 

has targeted funding for long-term training (LTT) programs on training new counselors. Similar 

shortages, though not as severe, have also been affecting other VR providers. The Department

believes that the LTT program, in concert with the Innovative Training program, which is 

designed to develop new types of training programs and new and improved methods of training 

rehabilitation personnel, are the best mechanisms for recruiting new graduates into the 

rehabilitation field and ensuring they have access to the most effective training. The Department 

plans to award approximately $15.0 million in continuation LTT grants, $4.3 in continuation

Innovative Training grants, and $350 thousand in contracts in this area in fiscal year 2021.

The request also includes: 

• $6.0 million for technical assistance centers that provide support to State VR agency 

personnel nationwide to improve use of promising practices that have the potential to 

improve the performance of the VR program; 

• $2.7 million for new awards for Training for Interpreters to increase the number of 

interpreters and improve their skills; 

• $750 thousand to support a new award for the National Clearinghouse of Rehabilitation 

Training Materials to gather and disseminate rehabilitation information and training 

materials; and

• $294 thousand for minority outreach under section 21 of the Rehabilitation Act to 

support continuations for a Capacity Building Center.
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PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES

(dollars in thousands)

Output Measures 2019

footnote

2020

foot

note

2021

foot

note

Program Funding:

Long-Term Training:

Long-Term Tr aini ng: New awards $8,674 $6,184 0

Long-Term Tr aini ng: Continuation awards 7,629 9,531 $15,348

Long-Term Tr aini ng: Subtotal 16,303 15,715 15,348

Technical Assistance:

Technical Assistance: New awards 0 6,000 0

Technical Assistance: Continuation awards 7,4431 0 6,000

Technical Assistance: Subtotal 4,443 6,000 6,000

Short-Term Training:

Short-Term Traini ng: Continuation awards 200 200 0

Short-Term Traini ng: Subtotal 200 200 0

Training for Interpreters for Individuals who are 

Deaf and Deaf-Blind:

Training for Inter preters: New awards 0 0 2,660

Training for Inter preters: Continuation awards 2,400 2,400 0

Training for Inter preters Subtotal 2,400 2,400 2,660

Experimental and Innovative Training:

Experimental and Innovative Traini ng: New awards 2,542 1,350 0

Experimental and Innovative Traini ng: Continuation awards 0 2,968 4,318

Experimental and Innovative Traini ng: Subtotal 2,542 4,318 4,318

National Clearinghouse of Rehabilitation Training 

Materials:

National Clearing house of R ehabilitation Tr aini ng Materials: New awards 0 0 750

National Clearing house of R ehabilitation Tr aini ng Materials: Continuation awards 467 429 0

National Clearing house of R ehabilitation Tr aini ng Materials: Subtotal 467 0 750

1 Amount shown does not include minority outreach contributions of $352 thousand from Demonstration and Training 

and $206 thousand from Supported Employment in fiscal year 2019.

In fiscal year 2019, $150 thousand was reprogrammed from the Demonstration and Training program, for a total of 

$2,692 thousand in new Experimental and Innovative Training awards.
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Training

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Output Measures 2019

footnote

2020

foot

note

2021

foot

note

Other Activities:

Other Activiti es: Peer review of new award applications $33 $32 $18

Other Activiti es: Minority Outreach 0 294 294

Other Activiti es Subtotal 33 326 312

Program Totals:

Total: New awards 11,366 13,534 3,410

Total: Continuation awards 17,989 15,528 25,666

Total: Other Activities 33 326 312

Total 29,388 29,388 29,388

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA 

goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of the 

progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on 

the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program as well as the resources 

and efforts invested by those served by the program.

Goal: To provide the public vocational rehabilitation (VR) sector with well-trained staff 

and to maintain and upgrade the skills of current staff.

Objective: To provide graduates who work within the vocational rehabilitation (VR) system to 

help individuals with disabilities achieve their goals.

Annual Performance Measures

Measure: The percentage of Master’s level counseling graduates fulfilling their payback 

requirements through employment in State vocational rehabilitation agencies. 

Year Target Actual

2016 47% 30%

2017 45 29

2018 45 36

2019 40 35

2020 40

2021 40

Additional Information: Data reported for fiscal year 2016 were based on all Master’s level 

counseling graduates and the percentage meeting requirements through employment in State 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Training

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vocational rehabilitation agencies in a given year. Beginning in 2017, reported data take into 

account the 2-year grace period that scholars have to obtain employment and excludes those 

scholars that were not required to obtain employment because they had obtained waivers.

Measure: The percentage of Master’s level counseling graduates fulfilling their payback 

requirements through qualifying employment. 

Year Target Actual

2016 83% 73%

2017 85 71

2018 85 88

2019 85 94

2020 85

2021 85

Additional Information: Data reported for fiscal year 2016 were based on all Master’s level 

counseling graduates and the percentage meeting requirements for qualifying employment in a 

given year. Beginning in 2017, reported data take into account that scholars have a 2-year 

grace period to obtain qualifying employment and excludes those scholars that were not 

required to obtain qualifying employment because they had obtained waivers. Qualifying 

employment includes employment in a State vocational rehabilitation agency or related agency

in the field of study for which the training was received as specified in 34 CFR 386.40(a)(7).

Efficiency Measures

Measure: The Federal cost per Master’s level RSA-supported rehabilitation counseling 

graduate. 

Year Target Actual

2016 $24,000 $29,605

2017 24,000 48,823

2018 24,000 ---

2019 24,000

2020 24,000

2021 24,000

Additional Information: The measure is calculated for individual cohorts of grantees by 

dividing the total funding given to each grant over the life of the grant by the number of Master’s 

level scholars who successfully completed funded training programs ending in that year. Only

those grants with at least 90 percent of the scholars in a Master’s program are included. One 

grant with only five completers closed in fiscal year 2017, leading to the high Federal cost per 

RSA-supported graduate in fiscal year 2017. No grants closed in fiscal year 2018 so no data are 

available for fiscal year 2018. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Demonstration and training programs 

(Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title III, Section 303)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: $6,8091

Budget Authority: 

2020

Appropriation

2021

Request

Change From

2020 to 2021

$5,796 $5,796 0

1 The GEPA extension applies through September 30, 2021.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Demonstration and Training programs are designed to increase employment opportunities for 

individuals with disabilities by expanding and improving the availability and provision of 

rehabilitation and other services. These competitively awarded projects are intended to increase 

employment outcomes for individuals for whom vocational rehabilitation services were 

previously unavailable or who previously did not take advantage of such services. 

Specific activities include: 

• Section 303(b) of the Rehabilitation Act authorizes activities to demonstrate methods of 

service delivery to individuals with disabilities, as well as activities such as technical 

assistance, systems change, studies and evaluation, and dissemination and utilization of 

project findings. Eligible entities include State Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agencies, 

community rehabilitation programs, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, other public or 

nonprofit agencies or organizations, and for-profit organizations. Competitions may be 

limited to one or more type of entity. 

• Section 303(c) of the Act authorizes a parent information and training program to enable 

individuals with disabilities, and the parents, family members, guardians, advocates, or 

other authorized representatives of these individuals to participate more effectively with 

professionals in meeting their vocational, independent living, and rehabilitation needs.

• Section 303(d) of the Act authorizes a Braille training program to support the cost of 

training in the use of braille for personnel providing vocational rehabilitation services or 

educational services to youth and adults who are blind.
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Demonstration and training programs

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Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2016.....................................................................$5,796

2017.......................................................................5,796

2018.......................................................................5,796

2019.......................................................................5,796

2020.......................................................................5,796

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

The Administration requests $5.8 million for the Demonstration and Training programs, level 

with the fiscal year 2020 appropriation. All funds would be used for continuation awards for the 

regional Parent Information and Training Centers, which are focused on significantly expanding 

access to transition-related services nationwide; a combined OSEP and RSA transition 

technical assistance center; additional technical assistance centers focused on improving 

outcomes for individuals with disabilities, including increasing the number of individuals 

achieving competitive integrated employment; and braille training.

PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES

(dollars in thousands)

Output measures 2019 Footnote

2020 Footnote2021 footnote

Program funding:

Model demonstrations

Demonstr ati ons: New awards 0 0 0

Demonstr ati ons: Continuation awards $3,406 0 0

Technical assistance

TA: New awards 0 $2,689 0

TA: Continuation awards 378 1 0 $2,696

Braille training 

Braille: New awards 342 0 0

Braille: Continuation awards 0 342 342

Parent information and training

Par ent inform ation: New awards 0 2,700 0

inform ati on: Continuation awards 1,165 0 2,700

Reprogramming to Rehab Long-Term Training 150 0 0

1 The National Technical Assistance Center on Transition is jointly funded with the Office of Special Education 

programs, which provides the majority of the funding for this activity. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Demonstration and training programs

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Output measures 2019 Footnote

2020 Footnote2021 footnote

Peer review of new award applications 3 7 0

Minority Outreach 352 1 58 58

Minority Outreach: Total, Program funding 5,796 5,796 5,796

Number of awards:

Number of New awards 3 12 0

Number of Continuation awards 13 3 15

Total, Number of awards 16 15 15

1 The amount shown includes contributions to the 1 percent set-aside for Minority Outreach under Section 21 of the 

Rehabilitation Act including $57,960 for the Demonstration and Training program and $293,880 for the Training 

Program.

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA 

goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of the 

progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on 

the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program as well as the resources 

and efforts invested by those served by the program.

In prior years, approximately 60 percent of the funds provided for the Demonstration and 

Training program were used to support model demonstration projects; therefore, the 

Department’s GPRA measures for this program are focused on these projects. With the 

proposed shift to support parents and technical assistance, the Department will begin to pilot 

new measures and report them in future budgets. Since the Department does not plan to fund 

new demonstration projects in FY 2021, we are not setting new targets. 

Vocational Rehabilitation Career Pathways for Individuals with Disabilities (CPID) 

Demonstration Projects

Goal: To develop replicable promising practices in the use of career pathways by VR 

State agencies to assist eligible individuals with disabilities, including youth with 

disabilities, to acquire marketable skills and recognized postsecondary credentials, and 

thus secure competitive integrated employment in high-demand, high-quality 

occupations. 

Objective: Increase the number of career pathways accessible to individuals with disabilities, 

the number of individuals who obtain competitive employed through those career pathways, and 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Demonstration and training programs

J-36

the weekly earnings and benefits of those who obtain competitive employment through CPIDfunded activities. 

Measure: The total number of distinct career pathways accessed or created through CPID.

Year Target Actual 

2016 29

2017 72 78

2018 114 103

2019 121 107

2020 131

Additional Information: Grantees report the number of pathways that CPID participants enter

as a result of CPID project activities. Using the baseline established in the first year of project 

data collection (fiscal year 2016), each grantee, in consultation with the project officer, 

determines a target number of career pathways that CPID participants will enter for each 

succeeding project year against which the grantee's progress will be measured. Annual targets 

and actual performance data for grantees are aggregated in order to assess annual program 

performance under this measure. 

Measure: The total number of VR-eligible individuals who achieve competitive integrated 

employment through CPID-accessed or created career pathways.

Year Target Actual 

2016 10

2017 50 70

2018 150 201

2019 200 277

2020 250

Additional Information: Using the baseline established in the first year of project data 

collection (fiscal year 2016), each of the four grantees, in consultation with the project officer, 

determines a target number of VR-eligible individuals who will achieve competitive integrated 

employment through the career pathways entered by project participants for each succeeding 

project year against which a grantee’s progress is measured. Annual targets and actual 

performance data for each grantee are aggregated in order to assess annual program 

performance under this measure. 

Competitive integrated employment is work in the competitive labor market that is performed on 

a full-time or part-time basis in an integrated setting, and for which an individual is compensated 

at or above the minimum wage, but not less than the customary wage rate paid by the employer 

for the same or similar work performed by other individuals who are not disabled and who are 

similarly situated in similar occupations by the same employer and who have the similar training, 

experience, and skills, including eligibility for the same level of employee benefits. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Demonstration and training programs

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Measure: The average weekly wages of VR-eligible CPID participants who obtained 

competitive integrated employment. 

Year Target Actual 

2016 N/A N/A

2017 $600 $543

2018 600 650

2019 630 680

2020 680

Additional Information: The average weekly wage for this measure is calculated based on the 

weekly wages reported for each of the CPID project participants who obtained competitive 

integrated employment across all four projects for each reporting year. The average weekly 

wage for the 201 participants who achieved competitive integrated employment in fiscal 

year 2018 was $650. This represents a 20 percent increase in the average weekly earnings 

reported for fiscal year 2017 ($543), the first full year of operation for the CPID projects. These 

aggregate weekly earnings reflect individual weekly earnings that vary widely according to CPID 

participants’ age, significance of disability, and degree of career readiness—ranging from 

students and youth working a few hours per week on their first job to employed professionals 

moving up the career ladder through advanced education and training. 

Other VR-CPID Measures

VR-CPID grantees began reporting on two additional measures in: (1) the numbers of 

competitive integrated employment and employer-provided benefits obtained by CPID 

participants will be compared to those obtained by VR consumers in their State outside of CPID; 

(2) the average weekly earnings of CPID participants who obtained competitive integrated 

employment will be compared to the average weekly earnings of VR consumers in their State 

who obtained competitive integrated employment outside of the CPID project. The Department 

anticipates collecting initial data in 2020. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Protection and advocacy of individual rights 

(Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title V, Section 509)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: $20,7351

Budget Authority: 

2020

Appropriation

2021 

Request

Change from

2020 to 2021

$17,650 $17,650 0

1 The GEPA extension applies through September 30, 2021.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Protection and Advocacy of Individual Rights (PAIR) program supports statewide systems 

that provide assistance and information to eligible individuals with disabilities and conduct 

advocacy to ensure the protection of their rights under Federal law. These systems protect the 

legal and human rights of individuals with disabilities who are ineligible for protection and 

advocacy (P&A) services provided under Part C of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance 

and Bill of Rights Act, the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act, or 

who need P&A services that are beyond the scope of the Client Assistance Program. States 

may use these funds to plan and carry out P&A programs for eligible individuals with disabilities 

and to develop outreach strategies to inform individuals with disabilities of their rights.

The program also requires the Department to reserve between 1.8 percent and 2.2 percent of 

the amount appropriated for training and technical assistance to eligible systems established

under this program. In addition, the Department must award $50,000 to the eligible system 

established under the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act to serve the 

American Indian consortium. Remaining funds are allocated to eligible systems within the States 

and outlying areas based on population estimates (using the most recent estimates from the 

U.S. Census Bureau). 

The Rehabilitation Act establishes a minimum allotment of $100,000 for States, or one-third of 1 

percent of funds remaining after the technical assistance set-side and grant for the American 

Indian consortium, whichever is greater. The outlying areas receive a minimum allotment of 

$50,000. The program is current-funded, but States and outlying areas may carry over 

unobligated Federal funds for an additional year.
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Protection and advocacy of individual rights

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Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were as follows:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2016 ................................................................ $17,650

2017 .................................................................. 17,650

2018 .................................................................. 17,650

2019 .................................................................. 17,650

2020 .................................................................. 17,650

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2021, the Administration requests $17.7 million for the PAIR program, level with 

the fiscal year 2020 appropriation, to help provide information and P&A services to over 46,000

individuals with disabilities in fiscal year 2021. The Department plans to reserve 1.8 percent of 

the funds requested ($317,700) to provide training and technical assistance to eligible statewide 

systems established under this program, as required by the authorizing statute. 

During fiscal year 2018, PAIR programs nationwide reported handling 9,483 cases and 

responded to 32,674 requests for information or referral. Of the individual cases handled by 

PAIR programs in that year, most were related to education (20 percent), health care 

(16 percent), employment (13 percent), and government benefits/services (12 percent). The 

most frequent primary disability categories (i.e., the ones directly related to the 

issues/complaints raised) reported for such individuals were orthopedic impairments (25 

percent), neurological impairments (15 percent), and other disabilities (10 percent). 

In addition to providing representation to individuals, PAIR programs address systemic issues 

faced by persons with disabilities through a variety of methods, including negotiations with 

public and private entities and class action litigation. In fiscal year 2018, 44 out of the 57 PAIR 

programs (77 percent) reported that these activities resulted in changes in policies and practices 

benefiting individuals with disabilities.

The following examples of case services provided in fiscal year 2018 illustrate how PAIR 

programs assist individuals and, in some cases, bring about systemic change. Funds requested 

in fiscal year 2021 would support similar activities. 

• The Iowa PAIR agency, Disability Rights Iowa (DRI), completed an investigation into the 

provision of appropriate accommodations for incarcerated individuals with hearing 

disabilities in Iowa's prisons by conducting several monitoring visits, and interviewing 

prisoners through interpreters as needed. DRI found that these individuals were not 

being provided with qualified interpreters, appropriate communication devices such as 

TTY/video phones, or appropriate screening to identify or confirm hearing disabilities. 

DRI completed a detailed findings letter and met with the Department of Corrections 

(DOC) to discuss needed changes in policy and practice. The DOC created a new policy 

and will now provide qualified interpreters for all necessary meetings such as medical 

appointments, disciplinary hearings, parole hearings, programming meetings, and 

orientation. The DOC is also installing video phones in facilities housing individuals who 

communicate using American Sign Language and will have operational TTYs accessible 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Protection and advocacy of individual rights

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to individuals with the same ease as regular telephones. Additionally, hearing 

evaluations will be provided, and assistive devices and their operational components will 

be provided to individuals without regard to their ability to pay for them.

• Following approximately two years of monitoring the Colorado Choice Transitions (CCT) 

program, advocating for improvements to the program with the state, and advocating on 

behalf of specific nursing home residents, Disability Law Colorado (DLC) found that the 

CCT program had major systemic flaws and that insufficient progress had been made to 

correct the problems with the CCT program. Specifically, DLC found that: (1) there were

large swaths of Colorado where the services and supports necessary to access 

programs and services to transition from nursing homes and into the community were

simply non-existent; (2) in areas where the program’s components existed and the 

program was purportedly working, some former residents were not receiving appropriate 

services; and (3) the state had consistently failed to meet its annual transition 

benchmarks. In November 2016, DLC took a major step in its advocacy work and filed a 

complaint with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) regarding the failure of the CCT

program to transition individuals out of nursing homes and into the community. In fall

2018, the DOJ visited the state to review the Olmstead issues facing Colorado and the 

overall effectiveness of the CCT program. In late 2018, the DOJ formally opened a case

into this matter. 

PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES

Output Measures 2019 2020 2021

Information inquiries/referrals 37,300 37,300 36,000

Individuals provided case services 11,000 11,000 10,000

________________

NOTE: Output data for 2021 are projected from actual data reported by PAIRs for fiscal years 2016, 2017, and 2018 

on the number of requests for information and provision of case services to individuals with disabilities.

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA 

goals, objectives, measures, performance targets and data; and an assessment of the progress 

made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on the 

cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for this program as well as the resources 

and efforts invested by those served by this program. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

Protection and advocacy of individual rights

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Goal: To provide assistance and information to individuals with disabilities eligible for 

the Protection and Advocacy of Individual Rights program and conduct advocacy to 

ensure the protection of their rights under Federal law. 

Objective: Identify problem areas requiring systemic change and engage in systemic activities 

to address those problems. 

Measure: The percentage of PAIR programs that reported that their systemic advocacy resulted 

in a change in policy or practice. 

Year Target Actual 

2016 91% 84%

2017 91 89

2018 89 77

2019 89

2020 89

2021 89

Additional information: Because PAIR programs cannot address all issues facing individuals 

with disabilities solely through individual advocacy, they seek to change public and private 

policies and practices that present barriers to the rights of individuals with disabilities, utilizing 

negotiations and class action litigation. Based on a review of past data and other program 

information, RSA has reduced the targets in fiscal year 2018 and beyond to 89 percent (51 of 57 

PAIR programs). Final fiscal year 2019 data will be available in June 2020.
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Supported employment State grants

(Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title VI)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: $32,3631

Budget Authority:

2020

Appropriation 

2021

Request

Change from

2020 to 2021

$22,548 0 -$22,548

1 The GEPA extension applies through September 30, 2021. 

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Supported Employment (SE) State Grants program assists States in developing 

collaborative programs with appropriate public and private non-profit organizations to provide 

supported employment services for individuals with the most significant disabilities. More 

specifically, the program provides formula-based supplemental funding to State vocational 

rehabilitation (VR) agencies to assist VR consumers with the most significant disabilities in 

achieving the employment outcome of supported employment. 

Supported employment uses a “place-train” model in which individuals with the most significant 

disabilities are placed in a job and provided intensive services and supports. These services are 

typically provided by a job coach in conjunction with supports provided by the employer to train 

the individual on the job site, followed by extended services after the individual’s ability to 

perform the job with support has stabilized. These services and support enable individuals with 

the most significant disabilities who, because of the nature and severity of their disability, need 

ongoing support to engage in and maintain competitive integrated employment.

An individual’s potential for supported employment must be considered as part of the 

assessment to determine eligibility for the Title I VR State Grants program. VR funds are used 

to pay the costs associated with assessment and the determination of eligibility, as well as other 

needed VR services prior to placement in supported employment. Ongoing services are 

provided by the VR agency, using funds under the Supported Employment program and/or the 

VR program, from the time of job placement until the transition to extended services, and 

thereafter by one or more extended services providers. A State VR agency may support an 

individual’s supported employment services solely with VR State Grant funds, or it may support 

these services in whole or in part with funds under the SE State Grants program.
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In addition, States are required to use one-half of their SE program funding allotment to provide 

supported employment and extended services to youth with the most significant disabilities and 

to provide a match of 10 percent for the SE allotment portion used to serve such youth.

Supported employment funds are distributed on the basis of population, using the most recent 

estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, with no State receiving less than $300,000, or onethird of 1 percent of the amount appropriated, whichever is greater. The minimum allotment for 

territories remains one-eighth of 1 percent of the appropriation. 

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were as follows:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2016 .....................................................................$27,548

2017 .......................................................................27,548

2018 .......................................................................22,548

2019 .......................................................................22,548

2020 .......................................................................22,548

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2021, the Administration requests no funding for the SE State Grants program, 

$22.5 million less than the fiscal year 2020 appropriation. The Department recognizes that 

supported employment can be an effective strategy in assisting individuals with the most 

significant disabilities to obtain competitive employment in integrated settings. However, 

because supported employment is now an integral part of the much larger $3.6 billion VR State 

Grants program, the Administration believes that there is no longer a need for a separate 

funding stream to ensure the provision of such services. In addition, the proposed elimination 

would reduce administrative burden and streamline program administration at the Federal and 

State levels. 

When the SE State Grants program was first authorized in 1986, supported employment was a 

new promising practice in employing individuals who traditionally would not have achieved 

employment in the integrated labor market, and the program provided a critical incentive for 

State VR agencies to adopt this practice. Three decades later, State VR agencies now 

recognize supported employment as a viable employment option for individuals with the most 

significant disabilities, and an individual’s potential for supported employment must be 

considered as part of the assessment to determine eligibility for the Title I VR State Grants 

program. Consequently, States no longer require a separate incentive to provide supported 

employment services, as demonstrated by the fact that in fiscal year 2019, State agencies spent 

nearly $199 million in VR State grant funds on such services. 

In addition, amendments to Title VI of the Rehabilitation Act by WIOA significantly increased the 

Federal and State cost and burden of administering the program. In particular, States have 

struggled to meet the requirement to use one-half of their SE allocations—along with a 

10 percent match—to provide supported employment and extended services to youth with the 

most significant disabilities. This requirement essentially forces State VR agencies to administer
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a second formula grant involving separate tracking of financial data, different matching 

requirements, and separate accounts for drawing down funds. These requirements also 

increase burden at the Federal level, including additional monitoring and technical assistance 

efforts.

The challenges of meeting these requirements are demonstrated by recent SE expenditure 

patterns. In fiscal year 2019, for example,14 grantees did not provide any matching funds for 

their SE grant awards, and 16 grantees had failed to spend any of their fiscal year 2019 SE 

funds as of January 2020. Additionally, States relinquished more than $1.2 million in SE funds 

during the fiscal year 2019 reallotment period. In addition, this data does not include agencies 

that may have only partially matched their award, already spent funds they provided no match 

for, or any SE funds that should have been relinquished based on the State’s Standard 

Financial Report. Funds that are not expended or relinquished for reallotment are lost to the 

program and return to the Treasury. 

Under the Administration’s proposal, the Department would monitor the provision of supported 

employment services under the VR State Grants program to ensure that State agencies invest 

appropriate levels of their VR resources in supported employment and to provide technical 

assistance where needed.

PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES

(dollars in thousands)

Output Measures 2019 footnote2020 footnote2021 footnote

Individuals with a supported 

employment IPE goal when they 

exited the program 45,553 45,553 0

Employment outcomes: 23,849 1 23,849 1 0

Supported employment outcomes 15,589 2 15,589 2 0

Employment without supports in an 

integrated setting 8,209 3 8,209 3 0

Other employment outcomes 514 514 0

Minority outreach $225 $225 0

1 Includes employment outcomes for all VR consumers funded with both VR and SE State Grants who had a 

supported employment goal at exit.

2 Of the individuals who had a supported employment goal at exit, the number who were employed in an integrated 

setting and receiving ongoing support services. 3 Of the individuals who had a supported employment goal at exit, the number who met the employment outcome 

criteria for the VR State Grants program but who were not receiving ongoing support services at exit.

4 Of the individuals who had a supported employment goal at exit, the number who met the employment outcome 

criteria for the VR State Grants program who were either self-employed or employed in a Business Enterprise 

Program.
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PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA 

goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of the 

progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on 

the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program and the VR State 

Grants program as well as the resources and efforts invested by those served by the program.

A State VR agency may support an individual’s supported employment services solely with VR 

State Grant funds, or in whole or in part with funds under the SE State Grants program, 

therefore, data reported for these measures include outcomes for individuals with a supported 

employment goal/outcome, regardless of whether such services were paid from funds under the 

VR State Grants program or the SE State Grants program. Thus, while the measures provide 

information on the results of VR State agencies efforts in assisting individuals with significant 

disabilities to obtain supported employment outcomes, the measures cannot be used to assess 

the performance of the Supported Employment State Grants program, especially since most of 

the funds expended for these individuals are VR State Grant funds. The Department will 

continue to assess the outcomes of individuals receiving supported employment services 

through the VR State Grants program (i.e., competitive employment outcomes and earnings) in 

future years. 

Performance data for 2018 are based on data collected under the RSA-911-16 for program year 

2018 (i.e., July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019). 

Targets for 2021 are not included because funding for this program is proposed for elimination.

Goal: Individuals with significant disabilities with a goal of supported employment will 

achieve high quality employment.

Objective: Ensure that individuals with significant disabilities with a supported employment goal 

achieve high quality employment.
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Measure: Of those individuals with most significant disabilities who had a supported 

employment goal and achieved an employment outcome, the percentage who exited with 

competitive employment, including individuals who receive supported employment services 

funded under the VR State Grants program and/or the SE State Grants program.

Year Target Actual

2016 95.0% 94.7%

2017 95.0 97.3

2018 96.0 99.8

2019 96.0

2020 99.0

Measure: Average weekly earnings for individuals with significant disabilities who achieved a 

supported employment outcome.

Year Target Actual

2016 $208 $219

2017 210 226

2018 215 230

2019 215 

2020 222

Additional information: Unlike previous years, the data reported for this measure beginning in 

2017 include data on all individuals who obtained a supported employment outcome with 

earnings, and do not exclude individuals served by State VR agencies for the blind. As a result, 

performance data are not comparable to previous years. The average weekly earnings

calculation for 2017 and subsequent years also does not include data for Guam, the 

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands. 
REHABILITATION SERVICES

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Independent living services for older blind individuals 

(Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title VII, Chapter 2)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: $39,1411

Budget Authority:

2020

Appropriation

2021

Request

Change from

2020 to 2021

$33,317 $33,317 0

1 The GEPA extension applies through September 30, 2021.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Independent Living Services for Older Individuals Who Are Blind (ILOIB) program assists 

individuals aged 55 or older who have severe visual impairment making competitive 

employment extremely difficult to obtain, but for whom independent living goals are feasible.

Funds are used to provide independent living services, improve or expand services for these 

individuals, and improve public understanding of the challenges they face. ILOIB services are 

designed to help eligible persons adjust to their blindness by increasing their ability to care for 

their individual needs. 

Grantees are State Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agencies for persons who are blind and 

visually impaired or, in States with no separate agency for persons who are blind, State 

combined VR agencies. States participating in the ILOIB program must match 10 percent of 

their grant with non-Federal cash or in-kind resources in the year for which the Federal funds 

are appropriated. Awards are distributed to States according to a formula based on the 

population of individuals who are 55 years of age or older (using the most recent estimates from 

the U.S. Census Bureau). The minimum allotment for each of the 50 States, D.C., and Puerto 

Rico is $225,000, with each of the territories receiving a minimum allotment of $40,000.

Independent living services are typically provided through contracts with local providers 

administered by State VR agencies. Services most frequently provided to program participants 

include technology aids and devices (58 percent), daily living skills (53 percent) and low vision 

assessments (35 percent). These services allow older individuals who are blind or severely 

visually impaired to be more independent at home and in the community. Trained program 

personnel are knowledgeable about blindness and other visual impairments, as well as the 

needs of older individuals with such impairments, including adaptive strategies that can assist 

these individuals to adjust to their impairments and increase their ability to function more 

independently.
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The Department also reserves 1.8 percent of the funds appropriated to the ILOIB program, 

consistent with the requirements of WIOA, to provide training and technical assistance to

Designated State Agencies or other providers of ILOIB services.

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2016 ........................................................................ $33,317

2017 .......................................................................... 33,317

2018 .......................................................................... 33,317

2019 .......................................................................... 33,317

2020 .......................................................................... 33,317

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2021, the Administration requests $33.3 million for the ILOIB program, level with 

the fiscal year 2020 appropriation. These funds will assist States in meeting the need for 

independent living services by older individuals who are blind or severely visually impaired. The 

Department would use nearly $600,000 to provide training and technical assistance to the ILOIB 

program and its service providers. 

In 2018, 55,831 individuals received services under the ILOIB program, 51 percent of whom 

were over 80 years of age and about 82 percent of whom were still living in a private residence. 

Approximately 54 percent of these individuals were either legally blind or totally blind, and 

20 percent also had some degree of hearing impairment. Macular degeneration continues to be 

the most commonly reported eye condition, followed by glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. 

The prevalence of disability increases with age, and the occurrence of a sensory disability is 

greater among older adults than working-age people. Persons age 55 or older, the target 

population of this program, are projected to comprise a larger share of the population over the 

next decade and beyond as nearly 75 million Americans who make up the baby-boomer 

generation continue to age. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2017 American Community 

Survey (1-Year Estimates), 6.3 percent of individuals 65 and older (about 3.1 million people) 

have a vision-related disability. In addition, the percentage of individuals who have a disability 

that affects their independent living status (including vision-related disabilities) increases with 

age, with a dramatic increase for individuals in the 75 years and over category, where 

23.9 percent report having a disability that affects their independent living status. 

The request also includes $333 thousand for minority outreach under section 21 of the 

Rehabilitation Act. These funds will be used to support continuations for a Capacity Building 

Center initially funded in fiscal year 2020.
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PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES 

(dollars in thousands)

Output Measures: 2019 2020 2021

Minimum State award $225 $225 $225

Number of States at minimum 17 17 17

Average State award $620 $620 $620

Minority outreach $333 $333 $333

Training and technical assistance $600 $600 $600

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA 

goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of the 

progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on 

the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program as well as the resources 

and efforts invested by those served by the program. 

Goal: To promote and support a philosophy of independent living (IL)—including a 

philosophy of consumer control, peer support, self-help, self-determination, equal 

access, and individual and system advocacy—in order to maximize the leadership, 

empowerment, independence, and productivity of individuals with disabilities, and the 

integration and full inclusion of individuals with disabilities into the mainstream of 

American society.

Objective: Through the provision of services (either directly or through contracts), increase the 

percentage of consumers receiving services funded through the Older Blind program who report

having access to services needed to improve their ability to live more independently and 

participate fully in their communities.
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Measure: The percentage of Independent Living Older Blind program consumers who have 

access to previously unavailable assistive technology aids and devices.

Year Target Actual

2016 56% 61%

2017 57 58

2018 57 58

2019 58

2020 58

2021

Additional information: Data for 2019 are expected by summer of 2020. The Department has 

not established targets for fiscal year 2021 because fiscal year 2020 is the last year that the 

Department will collect data on this measure. 

Measure: The percentage of Independent Living Older Blind program consumers who report an 

improvement in daily living skills.

Year Target Actual

2016 61% 61% 

2017 61 60

2018 61 65

2019 61

2020 61

2021

Additional information: Daily living skills include activities such as bathing, moving around the 

home, getting out of bed or a chair, and eating a meal. Data for 2019 are expected by summer 

2020. The Department has not established targets for fiscal year 2021 because fiscal year 2020 

is the last year that the Department will collect data on this measure. 

New Performance Measures

Due to concerns about the precision of the current performance measures, the Department has 

established five new performance measures designed to more accurately measure the 

performance of the ILOIB program. Grantees will report baseline data under the new measures 

beginning in fiscal year 2021 (using the revised RSA-7-OB data collection). 

Objective: To restore, improve, or maintain the independence of older individuals whose 

functional capabilities have been lost or diminished as a result of vision loss or blindness. 

Measure: The percentage of individuals receiving assistive technology devices and services 

who demonstrated improvement in one or more functional capabilities during the reported FFY 

consistent with the objectives for receiving such devices and services.
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Measure: The percentage of individuals receiving one or more independent living and 

adjustment training services who demonstrated improvement in functional capabilities during the 

reported FFY.

Measure: The percentage of individuals completing a plan of services who reported feeling that 

they are more confident in their ability to maintain their current living situation. 

Measure: The percentage of individuals completing a plan of services who reported an 

increased ability to engage in their customary daily life activities in the home and community. 

Objective: To provide cost effective supports and services to increase the independence of 

older individuals who are blind so that they may remain in the community and to prevent or 

delay the need for an increasing level of care, particularly for those individuals who are at risk of

entering institutions. 

Measure: The average annual cost per individual served through the program during the 

reported FFY.
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Helen Keller National Center 

(Helen Keller National Center Act)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2021 Authorization: 01

Budget Authority: 

2020

Appropriation

2021

Request

Change from

2020 to 2021

$16,000 $16,000 0

________________ 

1 The GEPA extension expired September 30, 2004; continued funding is proposed for this program in FY 2021 through 

appropriations language.

 

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults (HKNC) was created by Congress in 

1967 and operates under the auspices of Helen Keller Services. The HKNC provides services on a 

national basis to youth and adults who are deaf-blind, their families, and service providers through onand off-campus services, professional learning, and information on combined vision and hearing loss. 

HKNC’s mission is to enable each person who is deaf-blind to live, work, and thrive in their community of 

choice. This includes having access to local resources for community living and employment 

opportunities.

HKNC provides direct services through a residential training facility at its national headquarters center 

(Center) located in Sands Point, New York, where deaf-blind individuals receive intensive specialized 

services. The Center provides comprehensive services for individuals with deaf-blindness to enhance 

their potential for employment and help them live independently in their home communities. The Center’s 

residential programs provide consumers with an array of services, and supports, including adaptive skills 

training to help them achieve their vocational and independent living goals. The Center’s programs 

emphasize a number of areas such as enhanced mobility; improved and accessible communication 

(including the use of adaptive technology); constructive participation in home and community settings; 

leadership and advocacy training through mentoring, ongoing social and professional opportunities, and 

employment. 

HKNC also provides services through a network of 10 regional field offices staffed by 11 regional 

representatives and one associate regional representative. Through this network, HKNC provides 

assistance to deaf-blind individuals and their families as well as technical assistance to local service 

providers. The regional network offices provide counseling, information, transition assistance, and 

referral services for individuals who are deaf-blind and their families to assist them to achieve successful 

participation in their community and employment. 

The HKNC Community Services Program (CSP), a model collaboration between the Center and the New 

York State Commission for the Blind (NYSCB), provides comprehensive rehabilitation, vocational, and 
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support services to eligible persons who are deaf-blind in their homes, worksites and communities. CSP 

is staffed by credentialed professionals in the fields of blindness and deafness including orientation and 

mobility specialists, low vision specialists, vision rehabilitation teachers, and vocational specialists. All 

CSP staff are proficient in American Sign Language and other alternative modes of communication.

HKNC also provides professional development, training and technical assistance, and consultation to 

other organizations, programs, and providers serving individuals who are deaf- blind. For example, its 

Information, Research and Professional Development (IRPD) department provided technical knowledge, 

expertise, training, information and referral and services to its 1,470 partners across the United States in 

fiscal year 2019. HKNC also provides internships throughout the year to undergraduate and graduate

students through its Professional Learning and Leadership Institute, which offers deaf-blind individuals a 

paid internship, mentoring, and advocacy training to work in the field of vocational rehabilitation.

In addition, HKNC has developed a Deaf-Blind National Community of Practice (NCOP), a 65-member 

collaborative of professional organizations working together to improve the quality of services to 

individuals who are deaf-blind through shared learning, research and practice. HKNC NCOP has three 

sub-committees: National Support Service Provider Services, Services to transition age youth, and 

Braille instruction for learners who are deaf-blind. 

HKNC also offers a program called the Deaf-Blind Immersion Experience (DBIE), now in its third year,

which provides consumers who are deaf-blind with intellectual disabilities, and their support team, a 5-

day training experience that includes participation in work experiences that match their interests, gifts, 

and abilities.

Revenue and Expenses

For fiscal year 2019, HKNC reported total public support and revenues of $20.6 million. Funds 

appropriated directly to HKNC through the Department’s Rehabilitation Services account ($13.5 million)

made up 66 percent of its total revenue, and direct and indirect funds from other Federal sources ($3.2 

million) made up 16 percent of its total revenue. Training fees generated $2.3 million (11 percent) and 

funding from State grants and contracts amounted to $1.5 million (7 percent). HKNC received 

approximately $700,000 in donations and public support (3 percent) and reported an approximately 

$600,000 reduction in HKNC operations and investment income (-3 percent). While the Center has 

sought to increase other sources of funding, the Federal appropriation remains its primary source of 

support. 

For fiscal year 2019, HKNC incurred total operating expenses of $18.5 million. Because most of the 

specialized services required by this population are provided by HKNC staff, salaries and fringe benefits 

(approximately $14.6 million) account for most expenses (79 percent). Building, utilities and rent 

(approximately $1 million) account for 5 percent of expenses; professional services (approximately $1.4

million), 7 percent; client related services (approximately $800,000), 4 percent; and other operating 

expenses (approximately $800,000), 5 percent.
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Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2016.................................................................$10,336

2017...................................................................10,336

2018...................................................................12,500

2019...................................................................13,500

2020...................................................................16,000

FY 2021 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2021, the Administration requests $16 million for HKNC, level with the fiscal year 2020 

appropriation, to maintain regional office support for an estimated 2,200 individual consumers, 

650 families, and 1,500 agencies and organizations, while also helping to fund direct intensive services 

to approximately 65 consumers at HKNC’s residential training and rehabilitation program.

Approximately 30 percent of the funds requested would provide support to the HKNC for field services, 

community education, and professional development programs, including the activities of HKNC’s 

10 regional offices and the Information, Research, and Professional Development (IRPD) department. 

These programs help reach consumers in their home communities and assist personnel at State 

agencies and other organizations to serve or develop the capacity to serve individuals who are deaf-blind 

through training, community education, and technical assistance.

PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES

Output measures 2019 2020 2021

Number of individuals served at headquarters: 

Number of Adult training program clients 97 65 65

Number receivi ng Specialized training services:

Specialized tr aini ng services: Num ber of Transition for high school students 12 20 20

Specialized tr aini ng services: Num ber of Senior citizens 5 10 10

Specialized tr aini ng services: N umber of Individuals with intellectual disabilities 13 36 36

Specialized tr aini ng services: N umber receivi ng Targeted skills training 5 10 10

Specialized tr aini ng services: N umber receivi ng Community Services Program 90 175 175

Number of individuals served through regional 

representatives and deaf-blind specialists: 

Number of Consumersserved through r egional r epr esentatives 2,100 2,200 2,200

Number of Familiesserved thr oug h regional representatives 625 650 650

Number of Agencies/organizationsserved thr ough r egional repr esentatives 1,470 1,500 1,500

f HKNC FTE staff 165 184 184
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PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, GPRA goals, 

objectives, measures, performance targets and data; and an assessment of the progress made toward 

achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on the cumulative effect of the 

Federal resources provided for this program as well as the resources and efforts invested by those 

served by this program. 

Goal: Individuals who are deaf-blind will become independent and function as full and productive 

members of their local community.

Objective: Individuals who are deaf-blind receive the specialized services and training they need to 

become as independent and self-sufficient as possible. 

Measure: The percentage of: (1) training goals set and achieved by adult consumers (both on and off 

campus); (2) adult consumers seeking employment who are placed in employment (both on and off 

campus); and (3) adult consumers seeking to maintain their ability to live independently or move to less 

restrictive settings who achieve their goals.

Year

Target

# of Adult 

Consumers

Actual

# of Adult 

Consumers

Target

% of 

Training 

goals met

Actual

% of 

Training 

goals met

Target

% Placed 

in Employment

Actual

% Placed 

in Employment

Target

% in Less 

Restrictive 

Settings

Actual

% in Less 

Restrictive 

Settings

2016 75 63/29 95% 91% 48% 53/50% 86% 86%

2017 75 60/36 95 89 48 47/78 86 87

2018 75 76/40 95 90 48 50/71 86 91

2019 80 59/38 95 89 48 63/67 86 87

2020 80 95 60 86

2021 80 95 60 86

Additional information: In fiscal year 2019, HKNC served 59 consumers in the on-campus rehabilitation 

training programs and 38 additional off-campus consumers through its Community Services Program.

HKNC points out that the number of consumers served may fluctuate from year to year due to multiple 

factors beyond the control of the Center. For example, the length of time an individual participates in 

training may vary anywhere from two weeks to beyond one year due to varying levels of training intensity 

and differing individual needs.

The Center evaluates the progress of consumers in achieving the goals stated in their individualized 

training plans (ITPs). This measure represents the percent of adult consumers served by the HKNC who 

successfully achieved identified training goals during the program year.

The “less restrictive settings” measure refers to consumers who move from settings such as living with 

parents or guardians, assisted living settings, and nursing homes to more independent living 

arrangements such as their own home or apartment or group homes.
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Objective: Increase the capacity of deaf-blind consumers to function more independently in the home 

community.

Measure: The number of individuals (or families on behalf of individuals) referred to State or local 

agencies or service providers by HKNC‘s regional offices.

Year Target Actual 

2016 300 626

2017 500 472

2018 600 573

2019 600 505

2020 600

2021 600

Additional information: These referrals help deaf-blind consumers access resources within their home 

community that improve their ability to function independently.

Measure: The percentage of consumers who participated in services or programs (other than HKNC) as 

a result of receiving a referral from HKNC’s regional offices.

Year Target Actual 

2016 66% 75%

2017 66 94

2018 75 74

2019 75 68

2020 75

2021 75

Additional information: This measure provides information on the activities of the field services 

programs, including the 11 regional representatives and 7 recently deployed deaf-blind specialists. The 

referrals provided by regional representatives often are the gateway to finding appropriate and 

individualized supports from various agencies and organizations.

Objective: HKNC will assist State vocational rehabilitation (VR) and employment programs in increasing 

employment outcomes for individuals who are deaf-blind.
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Measure: The number of referrals by HKNC’s regional offices to VR or related employment programs.

Year Target Actual 

2016 65 41

2017 65 33

2018 65 71

2019 65 55

2020 65

2021 65

Additional information: HKNC field staff frequently facilitate interactions between consumers and VR 

agencies, including assistance for consumers who are returning to their State’s VR system after 

attending intensive training at HKNC headquarters. The number of referrals to VR agencies fluctuates

depending on whether the consumers served by HKNC field staff have vocational goals. 

Measure: The percentage of individuals who achieved successful employment outcomes in which 

HKNC’s regional offices played a collaborative role contributing training, advocacy and/or support to the 

consumer or job training agency.

Year Target Actual 

2016 40% 45%

2017 40 39

2018 45 41

2019 45 47

2020 45

2021 45

Additional information: The numerator is the number of clients served by HKNC regional 

representatives who achieved employment outcomes in which HKNC’s regional offices played a 

collaborative role providing training, advocacy and/or support to the consumer or job training agency. The 

denominator is the total number of consumers served by HKNC regional representatives who achieved 

employment outcomes. In 2019, the target was met.