NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

4554

COMPUTATION OF THE EFFECTIVE INTENSITY

OF

FLASHING LIGHTS

By

C. A, Douglas

<qjbs>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Sinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0201- 20-2301

0201-20-2331

March 1956 U55U

Computation of the Effective Intensity

of Flashing Lights

by

C. A. Douglas

Prepared for

Airborne Equipment Division

Bureau of Aeronautics

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

and

Equipment Laboratory

Wight Air Development Center

The publication, ri

unless permission 25'D.C. Such pe

cal ly prepared If

Approved for public release by the

director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST) on October 9, 2015

r in part, is prohibited

tandards. Washington

eport has been specifi- eport for its own use.
. I ! I .
Computation of the Effective Intensity

of Flashing Lights

Abstract

A mathematical analysis has been made of the effects on the effective

intensity* I

e , computed from the Blondel and Rey relation

a + t

2 - ti

produced by changes in the limits of the integral. The maximum value of I

is obtained when the times t^ and t

2

are the times when the instantaneous 6

intensity, I, is equal to I

e#

Methods which facilitate the computation of

I , the checking of conformance to effective intensity specifications, and

the computation of visual range of flashing lights are given.

1. INTRODUCTION

It is generally recognized that when a light signal consists of separate

flashes, the instantaneous intensity during the flashes must be greater than

the intensity of a steady light in order to obtain threshold visibility.

Blondel and Rey^- found that the threshold illuminance for an abrupt flash

(a flash producing a relatively constant illuminance throughout its duration)

is

E» = E(a + t)/t (1)

where E is the threshold illuminance for a steady light, t is the flash

duration, and a is a constant. They found that a was equal to 0.21.

It is convenient to evaluate flashing lights in terms of their effective

intensity, Ie , that is, the intensity of a fixed light which will produce

the same visual effect as does the flashing light. Then

I

e IE/E 1

or

a + t

( 2 )

Later Toulmin-Smith and Green^ found that somewhat different effective

intensities were obtained when the illuminance at the eye was above threshold.

However, Hampton^ showed that their experimental results could be adequately
.

'

. - .. «

.

'
-2-

expressed by equation 2 when a is a function of the illuminance at the eye.

The flash from most lights used in aviation service* airway beacons*

anticollision lights* etc.* is not abrupt. The instantaneous intensity

often rises and falls gradually and may vary appreciably during the flash.

If the flash duration is very short or if the times of rise and fall of

intensity are short in comparison to the flash duration* only small uncertainties would be introduced in the determination of flash duration and

by the use of the product of the peak intensity during the flash and the

flash duration for It. However, in many cases significant errors would be

introduced. Some modification of equation 2 is required.

Some of the specifications for these lights have evaluated their signals

in terras of the candle-seconds in the flash, integrating over a period of not

more than 0*5 second, that is

candle- sec onds Idt

where I is the instantaneous intensity and t

2 - t^ does not exceed 0.5 second.

This method of evaluation provides a measure of comparison between lights of

roughly the same flash characteristics but is not suited to the comparison

of lights of different flash characteristics nor to the computation of visual

ranges

.

When the specification for anticollision lights was being drafted, it

was suggested that a modified form of equation 2 be used for the computation

of effective intensity* so that*

I

e .2 + t2 - trj_

( 3 )

The question of choice of limits was immediately raised. Rather than

use an arbitrary set of limits, such as choosing for t^ and t

2

the times

when I was 10$ of the peak of the flash, a choice of limits which would make

I a maximum was suggested. This immediately poses the problem of developing

a- method, other than trial and error, of obtaining the maximum value of I

g

. l*he development of such a method is the purpose of this paper.

2. FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS

The method of obtaining the maximum value of I will be developed by

means of one theorem and two corollaries. The proofs follow.

*Blondel and Rey suggested the use of this equation]
.

’

,

'

.

'

'

‘

'
-3- ^

2.1 Theorem. Ie is a maximum when the limits t^ and t

2

are the times when

t i = i

e

.

Consider an intensity-time distribution curve of the type shown in

figure 1, the only restrictions on the shape of the curve being that I is

less than Ie in the intervals t£ to t, and tg to t£ and I is greater than I

( in the intervals t^ to t| and tj and t£ to tg*

Let (3a)

where the times t^ and t„ are the times when I = I„.

Case I.

Consider the case where the integration is performed over the time

interval tj[ to t£ which lies within the interval t^ to tg.

Then the intensity I* at the times and t£ is greater than I

Q

.

I* > I, (U)

w

Let n

-

(H

A

Idt

a + tj - 1^

( 5 )

Then

*L

Idt Idt + J , Idt + J f Idt ( 6)

so that

I

e

(a + t

2 - tp -yT1 Idt + (a + - t£) -yf^2

Idt

But

and

Idt > i

e

(t| -

1

1

)

2 Idt > Ig (t. V

(7)

(8a)

(8b)

-h-

%

Substituting and combining terras we have

I

e

(a + t^ - tp > V (a + t« - t«)

Therefore

Case II.

I > I*

e e

( 9 )

Consider now the case where the integration is performed over the

time intertoI t£ to t” which includes the interval t^ to

Then the intensity I" at the times t” and t£ is less than Ie

.

I" < (10)

then.

Let

_t2

*1

\

Idt V

i

Idt

and I

H (a + t" - t") =

e 2 1

t"

1

Idt + I (a + t0 - t_ ) +

e 2 1

Idt

(H)

( 12 )

( 13 )

But

v

i

idt < i

e

(tx

- tp (llta)

and idt < i

e

(t« - t

2

) (lUb)

Substituting and combining terms we have

I > I

11 e e

( 15 )

Thus I

e is greater than both 1^ and I"-. Therefore, the maximum value which

'e can be obtained from the Blondel-Rey relation, equation 3* is that obtained
••

V * : ' ' ‘ ; .
•5

*

when the intensity at the beginning and end of the interval of integration

is equal to the effective intensity*

2.2 Corollary 1. If the instantaneous intensity is integrated over a of time^t

^ to t^ »» shorter than t-\ to t0f and I

1 is the instantaneous

intensity at these times, a value 1

3

is obtained for the effective intensity

that is always less than I

1 , From equation 9 we have

2.3 Corollary 2. If the instantaneous intensity is integrated over a period

of time t^ to tJj - longer than t, to to, and I

n is the instantaneous intensity

at the times tj* and t^, a value 1“ is obtained for the effective intensity

that is always greater than I

H

. From equation 13 we have

Guides for the computation of the effective intensity from an intensitytime distribution curve may be obtained from the theorem and corollaries.

but

Therefore I» > I*

e

(9)

Oi)

( 16 )

Idt (13)

But (17a)

and (17b)

Also !

e

(a + t

2 - t

]_) > I" (a * t

2 - tx

) ( 18 )

Substituting these into equation 13 and simplifying, we have

I*. >

pi

e (19)

3. COMPUTATIONS OF EFFECTIVE INTENSITY
k,

'! '

"I" i

.* s • i ‘ •; '
3.1 Computation of I . ©

1# Make an estimate I* of the value of the effective intensity and

solve equation 3 using the values of t corresponding to this intensity

obtaining I .

2. Repeat step 1 above using as limits the values of t corresponding

to the Ie^ obtained in step 1 obtaining Ie

. Repeat as often as necessary

to obtain the desired accuracy. .

.Note that when I is much less than the maximum instantaneous intensity

(i.e., the flash is of short duration) the correct value of I will be

obtained in a very few steps. When the flash is of relatively long duration,

it may frequently be advantageous to make a new estimate of I after carrying

out step 2 rather than using the limits corresponding to I

e in order to decrease the number of steps. ^

Note that if the estimated effective intensity is too high (I* in

figure 1) the effective intensity, Ie , computed in step 1 will be below

I

e

(IM of figure 1) and thus Ie lies between I* and Ie

. If the initial

estimate is lower than I (I” of figure 1), I will be greater than both

I

11 and I_ and a "straddle" is not obtained but I is approached continuously

^1 ®

from -the low side.

3.2 Determination of Conformance of a Flashing Light to Specification

Requirements.

1. Compute I using the time limits corresponding to the specified

el

effective intensity I

g

. If I is greater than I

s

, the unit obviously

complies, for the conditions are those of figure 2a (corollary 2).

2. If I is equal to I, the unit just complies, for then I « I * (theorem). 1

3. If I0 is less than I , the unit fails for then the conditions are el s’

those of figure 2b (corollary 1).

Note that the degree by which the unit exceeds or fails to meet the

specification requirements is not given by the single computation of section

3.2. The method outlined in section 3*1 must be used for this purpose.

3*3 Visual Range Computations.

If the visual range of the light, under specified conditions of transmittance and threshold, is desired, compute the effective intensity by using
' \

;

-

- '

' "

' ' ’

.

•

•

V

• .1

.

.

I
-7-

the method outlined in section 3*1 and compute the visual range by using

Allard's Law.

If the problem is only the determination of whether the light can be

seen at a given distance under specified conditions of transmittance and

threshold, use Allard's law to compute the fixed intensity required to make

the source visible at this distance. Then, by using the method outlined

in section 3*2, determine if the effective intensity of the unit exceeds

this intensity.

3.1; Application to Complex Intensity- Time Curves

Not all units have smooth intensity- time distribution curves similar

to the curve shown in figure 1. Consider an intensity- time distribution

curve of the type shown in figure 3 where 1^ is the average intensity in

the time interval t^ to t . (The time interval t

Q - t is sufficiently

short so that the momentary decrease in intensity is not visible.) If Ie is

less than Ia

or is greater than then the restrictions on the shape of

the curve stated in theorem 1 are met and there is no problem in the determination of Ie

. Consider the case where I

Q lies between I and I . It may be easily

shown by means of equations 8 and ll; that as the shape of other parts of

the intensity- time distribution curve change, the lower limits of time to

be used to obtain the maximum value of equation 3 will lie between ta and

t^ or between ty and t

z and will never lie between t^ and ty.

to 1^, then either t^ or ty can be used as the lower limit.

3*5 Application to Groups of Short Flashes

If I is equal

In general a signal from a flashing light consists of regularly spaced

single flashes of light and the interval between flashes is so great that

each flash has little influence on the effective intensity of the adjoining

flashes.

However, there are lights that produce a number of very short flashes

in rapid succession. An example of a light of this type is a unit using a

number of condenser -discharge lamps to produce a single flash.

Consider a flash with an intensity-time distribution similar to that

of figure k* If the threshold intensity required to make a steady light

visible is much less than Ie

(Irp } the flash will be seen as a continuous

However, if the -threshold intensity is about equal

The maximum distance at

flash with two peaks,

to I (^T2 ^^w0 ssparate flashes will be seen.

which the light can be seen will be determined by the effective intensity

of a single flash computed over the time interval t^ to t

2

* There appear to be no published data reporting studies of the effects

of groups of flashes where the interval between flashes is short. Behavior

- 8-

of the eye -under somewhat similar conditions suggests that if in a group of

flashes the periods during which the instantaneous intensity of the light

is below the effective intensity of the flash are of the order of 0*01

second or less, the eye will perceive this group as a single flash. The

effective Intensity of the group should then be computed by equation 18

choosing as times t^ and the first and the last times the instantaneous

intensity is Ie (see figure 5).

Note that Ie is the effective intensity of the group and not that of a

single flash.

If the periods during which the effective intensity is less than I

are of the order of 0.1 second or more, it is believed that the individual

flashes will be seen. Therefore, the effective intensity should then be

computed on the basis of a single flash.

When the dark period is between 0.01 and 0.1 second, the effective

Intensity will lie between that of a single flash and that of the group.

The behavior during the transition is not known.

U. DISCUSSION

As noted above, concern has frequently been expressed about the choice

of the limits for the integral of the Blondel-Rey relation when computing

the visual range of a flashing light. Consider the situation shown in

figure 6 where 1^ is the intensity required for a steady-burning light to

be seen at threshold, when the observation distance and -the atmospheric

transmittance are those under which the flashing light is observed. It

seems illogical to extend the limits of the integral beyond t^ or t2 so

that intensities which are below threshold, even for a steady-burning

light, are included, or to exclude intensities which are above threshold

for steady-burning lights. Using this reasoning Blondel and Rey suggested

that the limits of the integral of equation 3 be the times, t]_ and

when the instantaneous intensity is equal to the effective intensity. As

shown above these are also the limits which make the integral a maximum.

Therefore, the use of these limits in evaluating the performance of a

lighting unit appears to be a logical choice.
- • .

•
-9-

The use of the maximum value of Ie as the effective intensity of a

flashing light is probably not valid except when the light is at or near

threshold. When the lipht is well above threshold* not only will the

value of a in equation 3a be decreased, thus tending to increase the value

of Ie , but also the limits of the integral should probably be extended to

include the entire portion of the flash which is above threshold, thereby

tending to decrease the value of Ip

, In many cases this latter effect will

be predominant. This is consistent with the decrease in effective intensity

of airway beacons with increase in illuminance at the eye found by Neeland,

Laufer, and Schaub^.

This analysis should be considered only as a mathematical treatment

of equation 3* The analysis neither proves nor disproves the validity of

this equation in determining the effective intensity of flashing lights

nor the validity of the principle of choosing the limits of integration

so that the effective intensity is a maximum.

References

1. A. Blondel and J. Rey, Jairnal de Physique X 530 and 6I4.3 (1911)

2. A. K. Toulmin-Smith and H* N. Green, Illuminating Engineering

(London) 26, 30U (1933)

3» W. H. Hampton, Illuminating Engineering (London) 27, UO (193W

h

.

G. K. Neeland, M. K. Laufer, and W. R. Schaub, Journal Optical

Society of America, 28, 280 (1938)
'

• 4
Figure 2

“ t —

Figure 3

Less than 0.01 second

Figure 5

ti t2

t —

Figure 6

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

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Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project or program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

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Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of

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publications should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of

Standards, Washington 25, D. C.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0201-20-2325 October, 1956 U5UU

SPECTRAL TRANSMISSIVE AND C0L0KEME1RIC

PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL AERIAL AND

HAND CAMERA LENSES AND FILTERS

By

Harry J. Keegan,

John C. Schleter,

Wiley A. Hall, Jr.,

and

Gladys M. Haas,

Photometry and Colorimetry Section

Optics and Metrology Division

To

U. S. Department of the Air Force

Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory

Wright Air Development Center

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

Contract No. AF 33(616) 52-21

Task No. 6ZL01;

<NBS>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The publication, reprinting, or reproduction of this report in any form, either in whole or in part, is prohibited

unless permission Is obtained in writing from theOffice of the Director, National Bureau of Standards, Washington

25, D. C. Such permission is not needed, however, by a Government agency for which a report has been specifically prepared if that agency wishes to reproduce additional copies of that particular report for its own use,

t
i(II
PREFACE

This is one of a series of NBS reports of spectrophotometric and colorimetric work done under NBS Project No.

0201 - 20 - 2325 entitled Color Reconnaissance Studies*

financed by the Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory* Wright

Air Development Center* Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,

Ohio; Air Force Contract No. AF 33 (6l6) 52-21. It is

coordinated with Air Force Contract No. AF 33(616) - 262

under Dr. Hugh T. 0 f Neill, 0 *Neill Associates, Annapolis

Maryland* who requested the NBS to perform this test of

hand camera lenses and photographic filters. The work

on the aerial camera lenses and filters was performed

at the request of Captain Robert J. Fisher, Aerial Recon

naissance Laboratory* Wright Air Development Center*

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

Harry J. Keegan

Project Leader
V
SPECTRAL TRANSMISSIVE AND COLORIMETRIC

PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL AERIAL AND

HAND CAMERA LENSES AND FILTERS

Harry J. Keegan, John C„ Schleter, Wiley A* Hall, Jr.,

and Gladys M. Haas*-

Abstract

Measurements of spectral transmittance have been made for the visible

and near infrared spectral region UOO to 1080 millimicrons on a General

Electric recording spectrophotometer at the National Bureau of Standards

for three components of two aerial-camera lenses, five hand-camera lenses,

one yellow anti- vignetting aerial camera filter, ten color temperature

correcting hand camera filters, and thirteen selective absorbing handcamera filters. This report contains copies of the spec trophotome trie

curves of these photographic lenses and filters, tables and graphs of

spectral -transmittance and the colorimetric properties of the lenses and

filters, and a comparative study of the conventional photographic color

temperature correcting filters commercially recommended to be used for

exposure of color film when the light source differs from that for which

the film was manufactured.

j$*Miss Haas is at present employed at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard,

San Francisco, California.
.

. .
- 2 -

i

Io

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX,

XI.

hi.

Contents

Introduction .................. Material , Table I ..., Spectrophotome trie Measurements

Spectrophotome trie Results

Colorimetric Computations

Munsell Renotations and ISCC-NBS Color Designations

Lovibond-Schofield System

Aerial Camera Lenses and Filters

t © • • c

6 0 6*00*000000 00060000000* 6 0 O O O O O O

eoooucooe

eocooooo o o o o © o o o

69GOQOC6 OOOOOGOOOOG

Figures 1 to 9

Tables II to IV

Hand Camera Lenses and Filters

Figures 10 to hi

Tables V to VII

Color Temperature Conversion Filters

Figures i;2 to

Tables VIII to XI

Summary

Bibliography

0 0 6 0 0

OOC'OOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOOOO

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 9 0000060000000 00000060

060000000000000000 o o o o o o o o

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Page

3

3

5

7

7

7

7

8

8

600000*6000006 0 6 0 0 0 0

06000000 000 0 6 0 O C O O O 0000900000 0 6 6 6 0 *60 O O O O 06

0 0 6 0 0 0

06000000C0 0 0 0 6 O O O 0 O O O O O O 000000006000000600 0 0 0 6 06600C006000Q000006G000006000QOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00006000

OOQOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O o O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

OOOOOOOOOOOOO 0000600060000000000000000006600 0606 66666066

10 to 27

28 to 30

31

32 to 9?

96 to 98

99

100 to 107

108 to 111

112

112

115

lh3

161
c . .

<* • » c
I# Introduction

The overall objective of this Air Force investigation is stated as follows; “To develop by visible, near infrared, and near ultraviolet

spectrophotometry, methods for the detection of objects from color reconnaissance,; to study the colors, tonal contrast, and color separation necessary in aerial, photography to yield maximum information3 to determine the

wavelength region at which the film manufacturer should strive to obtain

maximum sensitivity to yield clear separation of an object from its adjacent area rather than to yield true color fidelity; to determine the characteristics required in a sensitized material for the rapid and accurate

extraction of this informatian"

.

The present report is concerned with the spectral characteristics in

the visible and near infrared regions cf the spectrum of photographic lenses

and filters*

To fulfill the requests for these studies, listed in Appendix C,

measurements of spectral transmittance of these camera lenses and filters

were made from I4OO to 1080 millimicrons 5 chromaticity coordinates and daylight transmittanees were computed for the spectral data hOG to 75>0 millimicrons j Mur.sell renotations and ISCC-NBS color designations were derived

from these computations, as were also Ifce ideal Lovibond-Scofield designations* Tiies e data are illustrated in tables and in graphs.

The method of measurements and the computational methods are those

outlined in the original project proposal, and used in previous reports

of this project £l, 2 , 3, U, p j

»*

It is believed that this type of information will assist in the selection of a suitable camera with proper lens and filtering system to produce

the desired photograph needed for this project, and that this information

is a necessary step towards attaining the overall objective of this investigation.

II. Material

The aerial-camera lenses and filters were furnished by Captain Robert

J. Fisher, Aerial Reconnaissance Lab -oratory, Wright Air Development Center,

Wright-Patterscn Air Force Base, Ohio* He and Sergeant S. G. Ujhely brought

the cameras to the Nations! Bureau of Standards on March 16, 19plw They

were present during the tec days that the measurements were made and

assisted in demounting the lens elements from the cameras so that they

could be fitted into place in the light beair, of the General Electric recording spectrophotometer. They also reassembled the cameras and returned

them to the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

^•Figures in brackets indicate references in the bibliography of this report,

page 112 .

Although three aerial cameras with lenses were brought to the National

Bureau of Standards, measurements were made on the lenses of only two of

them, the front and rear cells of a lens of 12" focal length and the rear

cell of a 6

H lenso These optical parts were placed in the General Electric

recording spectrophotometer so that the illuminating beam was incident perpendicularly on the front surface of the lens cell and passed approximately

through the center of the cell* The front cell of the 6” lens and the front

and rear cells of a 2iiM lens with their mounts were so large that a rearrange

ment of the parts of the spectrophotometer (greater separation between sample

beam and comparison beam) would have had to be carried out to accommodate

them; so measurement of them was not attempted.

A description of these three lens-shatter aerial camera assemblies

follows

;

1) 6 inch (15>2o8 mm) f/6.3 Metrogon wide angle lens. Serial Number

UF-6016, manufactured by the Bausch and Lomb Optical Company, Rochester, N. Y.

for use with a

85 between-the-lens ,! shutter. The lens-shutter assembly is for

use in a K-17 aerial camera. A glass antivignetting "minus blue" filter

(for use with black and white film only) is a standard item in this assembly.

Neither the lens elements nor the filter were coated with a reflectionreducing film.

2) 12 inch f/li#5 lens coated with a reflection-reducing film.

Serial Number LF-8123, manufactured by the Bausch and Lomb Optical Company,

Rochester, N. Y., for use with a "be tween-the-lens" shutter. This lens is

not a standard lens but is used primarily for photographic tests at the

Wright Air Development Center.

3) 2h inch (610 mm) f/6.0 Aero Tessar lens. Serial Number W-2060,

manufactured by the Bausch and Lomb Optical Company, Rochester, N. Y., for

use with a K-18 aerial camera for a 9 by 18 inch negative.

The serial numbers given are for the lenses only; the serial numbers

of the shutters are not recorded in this report. The telegram requesting

these measurements, together with the reply, is included in Appendix C of

this report.

The hand camera lenses and filters were furnished by Dr e High T.

O’Neill, O’Neill Associates, Annapolis., Maryland, with requests for measurements dated April 20, 1953* July 13, 1953* and February 29, 195U* These

three requests are included in Appendix C of this report. AH of Dr.

O’Neill’s cameras and filters were returned to him after the measurements

had been completed.

Also included in this report are the measurements made on two Leitz

hand-camera lenses belonging to one of the authors (JCS).

Additional technical information on the Ansco and Kodak Wratten filters,

studied in this report, are available from the manufacturer Q 6, 7, 8j.

The assigned object numbers and descriptive designations far the identification of the material studied In this report are listed in Table I.
ft

.. . , L ' ‘>; - r 1 * • ' si ; - ' ' > ... . .

•• , ' “ '
- 5 - Table I

Assigned Object Numbers and Descriptive Designations for the Identification

of the Aerial and Hand Camera Lenses and Filters.

A. Aerial Camera Lenses and Filters

Object

No. Sample Designation

(1) Rear Cell, Bausch & Lomb Metrogcm Lens, 6”, f/6.3* Serial No. UF-6016.

(2)

* Assembled, Bausch & Lomb Metrogon Lens System, 6”, f/6.3. Serial No.

UF-6016.

(3) Front Cell, Bausch Sc Lomb Coated Lens, 12", f/h»S9 Serial No. LF-8123.

(U) Rear Cell, Bausch Sc Lomb Coated Lens, 12”, f/U.5* Serial No. LF-8123*

(5)

* Assembled Coated Lens System, Bausch Sc Lomb, 12”, f/U.5, Serial No.

LF-8123.

(6) Yellow Glass Filter for use with Bausch Sc Lomb Metrogon Lens, Filter

Only.

(7) Yellow Glass Filter for use with Bausch Sc Lomb Metrogon Lens, Filter

and Anti-vignetting Neutral Density Spot. * Computed from spectral transmittance data of lens cells.

B. Hand Camera Lenses and Filters

Object

No. Sample Designation

(8) Ansco Xenon Lens, 50 mm focal length, f/2. Serial No. 2563656.

(9) Kodak Ektar Lens, 80 mm focal length, f/2. 8, Serial No. ET81I4I.

(10) Leitz Elmar Lens, 90 mm focal length, f/U, Serial No. 720367.

(H) Leitz Summitar Lens, 50 mm focal length, f/2. Serial No. 603U53*

(12) Ansco Portrait Lens, No. 30, Plus 1, Size 6.

(13) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter, Size 5 (sample a).

(lU) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter, Size 5 (sample a).

(15) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter, Size 6 (sample a).

(16) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter, Size 6 (sample a).
f ; * - • • • . rV ' -
Table I (Continued)

Object

Mo.

(17)

(18 )

(19)

( 20 )

( 21 )

( 22 )

(23)

(2W

(25)

( 26)

(27)

( 28 )

(29)

(30)

(31)

(32)

(33)

(3U)

(35)

B. Hand Camera Lenses and Filters ( Continued)

Sample Designation

Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter, Size 5 (sample b).

Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter, Size 5 (sample b).

Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter, Size 6 (sample b).

Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter, Size 6 (sample b).

Kodak Wratten Filter 80A, Series VI.

Kodak Wratten Filter 85, Series VE.

Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter UV-15, Size 5.

Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter UV-16, Size 5*

Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorb dug Filter UV-17, Size 5.

Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter UV-15, Size 6.

Ansco Ultravi olet-Absorbing Filter UV-16, Size 6.

Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter UV-17* Size 6.

Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter UV-16, Size 7*

Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter UV-17, Size 7*

Kodak Wat ten Filter A, Series VII.

Kodak Wratten Filter B, Series VII.

Kodak Wratten Filter C5, Series VII.

Kodak Wratten Filter N, Series VII.

Kodak Wratten Filter Aero 2, Series VII.
-
- 7 -

III* Spectrophotometric Measurements

Measurements of spectral transmittance were made on the NBS General

Electric recording spectrophotometer [ 9, 10 J for the visible and near

infrared spectral range U00 to 1080 mi llimicrons. Slits of approximately

10 millimicrons of spectral width were used for the measurements in the

visible spectrum, U00 to 750 millimicrons, and 20 millimicrons of spectral

width for the near infrared spectrum, 730 to 1080 millimicrons* All recordings were made with calibration curves (didymium, zero, and 100$ curves)

for making wavelength and photometric scale corrections [ 11, 12 J Each of

the sixteen curve sheets was read and corrected at each ten millimicron

interval between 1|00 and 1080 millimicrons.

IV. Spectrophotometric Results

Ozalid prints of the 2h original recordings for the visible (U00 to

75>0 millimicrons) and the near infrared (730 to 1080 millimicrons) spectral

ranges obtained on the NBS General Electric recording spectrophotometer are

included in Appendix A of this report. Tables of reduced and corrected

data read from these 35 spectrophotometric curves are tabulated in Appendix B.

These corrected spectral transmittance data are shown in Figures 1 to 3

for the aerial camera lenses and filters and in Figures 10 to 22 for the

hand camera lenses and filters.

The spectral transmittance data of the aerial camera lens system, computed from spectrophotometric data of the lens cells, are tabulated in

Appendix B Figures 1 and 2 show respectively the spectral transmittance

of the tl B&L Metrogon 6

n f/6.3” lens system, assuming the front and rear

lens cells to be duplicates, and the "B&L 12” f/li.511 lens system.

Copies of the spectrophotometric curves of the aerial camera lenses and

filter were given to Captain Fisher on March 17, 195U* Copies of the spectrophotometric curves of some of the hand camera lenses and filters were

given to Dr. 0 ‘Neill on September 16, 1953 for incorporation in his report

to the Wright Air Development Center dated September 30, 1953 [ 13] •

V. Colorimetric Computations

The spectral transmittances in the visible spectrum, 380 to 770 millimicrons, of the 35 lenses and filters were integrated into the International

Commission on Illumination (C.I.E. ) standard observer and coordinate system

£lii] for Source C, representative of average daylight* These colorimetric

computations yielded the chromaticity coordinates and daylight transmittances

listed in Tables II and V of this reports Also listed are the dominant

wavelength and excitation purity [l5J of the materials studied.

VC. Munsell Renotations and ISCC-NBS

Color Designations

Erom the above determined C*I»E. ehromaticity coordinates and daylight

*
. ... . *

*• - • *

. V 7

•H : r •

. y . - :

• * „

.. ’

;

:

• •

.

.. „. > ... .

'

.

- :

- : - \

-

f ! 1 - L< • ’ > . • -

. .

' '

.

•• ’

t. -

• ••• •"

••

' “*v

1

.

• v H & C

’ -

.

* v; j

•

'

.

• 7- r !

' • :

• v

' '0 : 7.

• 'm .. tfigj 7 •*' if . S‘-

.

.

vJ

"

' >’

r.

' '

V . 7

•

. •

• •?

.
transmittances of the 35 lenses and filters, the Mansell renotations were

obtained from graphs of conversion from the C.I.E. system to the Munsell

renotation system Ql6]] . These Munsell renotations were then converted

into terms of ISCC-NBS color designations £l7j •

VII. Lovibond Notations

In order that a comparison may be made between the transparent lenses

and filters of this test and a standardized system of transparent media of

the same approximate material, conversions were made from the C.I.E. chromaticity coordinates x and z of the camera lenses and filters to the Lovibond

designations by means of the large scale graphs engraved on aluminum, for

Source C, of the "ideal" Lovibond system as derived by Scofield fl8] , and

sold by the Tintometer Ltd., Salisbury, England 1*1 9j • A similar C.I.E.

graph, for Source C, for the NBS standard set of the Lovibond glasses, is

also available in this country £ 20 J • This and other information on the

Lovibond Color System has been published by Juddf2l3 • The schematic

illustrations. Figures 8, 9* and 35 to itl, are intended to show the relationship between the aerial and hand camera lenses and filters in terms

of the "ideal" Lovibond system £ 22 J •

VIII. Aerial Camera Lenses and Filters

The following nine illustrations and three tables of data contain the

spectrophotometric and colorimetric specifications of seven components,

either measured or computed, for two of the three aerial-camera lens systems

and filter that Captain Robert J. Fisher and Sergeant S. G. Ujhely brought

to the National Bureau of Standards for measurement from the Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory, Wright-Patterscn Air Force Base, Ohio.

As mentioned in Section II, Material, above, it was not feasible to

measure directly the spectral transmittance of the front lens cell of the

6" lens or of either of the assembled 6" or 12" lens systems. It is known,

however, that the 6" lens is symmetrical; that is, the front and rear lens

cells are essentially duplicates of each other; so a close approximation to

the spectral transmittance of the assembled 6" lens system was found by

squaring at each wavelength the value of the spectral transmittance obtained

for the rear lens cell. Similarly a close approximation to the spectral

transmittance of the assembled 12" lens system was obtained by the product

at each wavelength of the values of spectral transmittance found for the

front and rear lens cells.

Figures 1 to 3 show the visible and near-infrared spectral transmittance of seven components of these two aerial-camera lens systems and

filter, plotted from the tables of data listed in Appendix B. These data

were read or computed from the original recordings of spectral transmittance taken from the General Electric recording spectrophotometer and corrected for wavelength and photometric scale errors. Ozalid copies of these

recordings are shown in Appendix A.
\ . -

' . . .. * • f. . , . .

•

• '

•

. : . .

•

.

t,r ...

. . h

• L

' -

.

'

• / l ):

1

:

• £ 1 u « J

''' 7 r u; r •

.

•

' &•: t-’"

t - > :

'

. Xv \ . I j

' l . \.Hd

< - i ;A

, .... i

’ .

-

, ••

. .- . • * »

• ? •

• •• '

• .-. \tV.

-

• . A

•

• * ... ’ . -

.

' .. .. f

r

' • •

-

. • •"

; . .

.

- -

:

• -•»

: " ... -

. - • - •.

-

•

. ' .•

.

'.

: • "•. -

'

.
Figures k and 5> show the chromaticity coordinates of these seven components of the two aerial-camera lens systems and filter computed from the

visible portion of the spectral transmittance data (UOO to 750 millimicrons)

of these components and converted into terms of the International Coramissian

on Illumination (C.I.E.) standard observer and coordinate system for Source C.

The chromaticity coordinates, daylight transmittance, dominant wavelength,

and excitation purity of these materials are listed in Table II.

Figures 6 and 7 show the Munsell renotations of these seven components

of the two aerial camera lens systems and filter schematically illustrated.

These data were obtained graphically by means of the C.I.E. chromaticity

coordinates and daylight transmittance and are listed in Table III together with the ISCC-NBS color designations, derived from the Munsell renotations of these components.

Figures 8 and 9 show the M ideal" Lovibond units of red, yellow, and

blue glasses for each of the seven components of the two aerial camera lens

systems and filter. These data were obtained graphically by means of the

C.I.E. chromaticity coordinates and are listed in Table IV together with the

computed daylight transmittance which serves as the ordinate for the upper

portions of the diagrams on Figures 8 and 9*
'

.

. '•

• .

-

"

.

' .

. /

' $

‘

.

i. .

. .

- " V’ :

'

' ; . .

>

.

. / .

•'

'I V ' . * - »

•

• : .

. :

' . .." •; .

•J ' ”

-

:

' •>

:

• ! ,

' ' - 1 - -• r

•

.

j

; •,

•

• :

' r

. '

'

- . ;i

-

. v

'

. ;

* r< i . r=- - ..v--.'

' ;-

*" f/

' - v.

''

'

. ,! : .

. ;

•. "

•' ;,f L

“ ;

i

;

. i-i

1

‘ - 1 :

• >, ;

- i."' '

'V'5-

.

.? " :

'

* ;

' It .it i XL
- 10 -

Figure 1* Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of components of a Metrogon lens,

B & L 6" f/6*3, from an aerial camera:

(1) Rear lens cell.

( 2 ) Assembled lens system (assuming that

the front lens cell has the same

spectral transmittance as the rear

lens cell).
" 'O
100

80

60

40

20

0

AERIAL CAMERA _ LENS

JL •0 600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH, m/u.

FIGURE I
.

.

. .

•

• - - ; ;v . i- .. . V ’• .

• 's* . .. . . ;

. -

: :r„. - ->

- ——

'• :*> --
- 12 -

Figure 2. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of components of a B & L 12 M f/U*5

lens from an aerial camera:

Front lens cell.

Rear lens cell.

( 3 )

(U)

( 3 ) Assembled lens system,

-13-

FIGURE 2

- ll* - 5

)

Figure 3* Visible and near Infrared spectral

transmittance of a yellow-glass filter (approximately 1 cm thick) for use with a B & L Metrogon

lenst

(6) Filter only.

(7) Filter and anti-vignetting neutral density spot.

3

100

80

60

40

20

0

-15-

-i—

600 800

<NBS>

+.J L--j

1000

WAVELENGTH, fryt

FIGURE 3

- 16

Figure k» Segment of the C.I.E. chromaticity

diagram showing dominant wavelength, excitation

purity, and chromaticity coordinates, for Source

C, of several components of two aerial-camera

lenses

:

B & L Metrogon lens, 6

U

, f/6.3

(1) Rear lens cell

(2) Assembled lens system

B & L lens, 12", f/U.5

(3) Front lens cell

(i;) Rear lens cell

(5) Assembled lens system

)
.....
-17-

FIGURE 4

- 18 -

Figure 5>* Segment of the C.I.E* chrcraaticity diagram

showing dominant wavelength, excitation purity, and

chromaticity coordinates, for Source C, of a yellowglass filter used with a B & L Metrogon Lens:

(6) Filter only

(7) Filter and anti-vignetting neutral

density spot

I

)

)
... j

• .

• ;

-

..... . .

.

-

* . • :e :

;
-19-

)

FIGURE 5

- 20 -

Figure 6„ Schematic illustration of the vertical

and horizontal projections of the 11 ideal" Munsell

system showing the Munsell Value (upper diagram)

plotted against the Munsell Hue and Chroma points

projected from the lower diagram of several components of two aerial-camera lenses:

B & L Metrogon lens, 6", f/6*3

(1) Rear lens cell

(2) Assembled lens system

B & L lens, 12", f/i|<>5

(3) Front lens cell

(U) Rear lens cell

(5>) Assembled lens system
. v. . •
AERIAL CAMERA LENSES

MUN3EI.L HUE

FIGURE 6

- 22 -

Figure 7* Schematic illustration of the vertical and

horizontal projections of the "ideal” Munsell system

showing the Munsell Value (upper diagram) plotted

against the Munsell Hue and Chroma points projected

£rom the lower diagram of a yellow-glass filter used

with a B & L Metrogon lens:

(6) Filter only

(7) Filter and anti-vignetting neutral

density spot

>

J
—
MUNSELL

VALUE

AERIAL CAMERA FILTER

O'

"^•MUNSELL HUE^

FIGURE 7

- 21; -

Figure 8, Schematic illustration of the ’’ideal"

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance (upper

diagram) plotted against the units of the Lovibond

color system, based on Red, Yellow, and Blue glass

standards, projected from the lower diagram of several

components of two aerial-camera lenses:

B & L Metrogon lens, 6”, f/6.3

(1) Rear lens cell

P (2) Assembled lens system

B & L lens, 12’’, f/lu?

(3) Front lens cell

(h) Rear lens cell

(?) Assembled lens system

I
. : : - ' > • « x ; • • . : . ' • : - . • •• . . ... .. • • .. >; V - .
FIGURE 8

- 26 -

Figure 9* Schematic illustration of the "ideal”

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance (upper

diagram) plotted against the units of the Lovibond

color systems, based on Red, Yellow, and Blue glass

standards, projected from the lower diagram of a

yellow-glass filter used with a B & L Metrogon lens:

(6) Filter only

(7) Filter and anti-vignetting neutral

density spot
J %
TRANSMITTANCE

(%)

AERIAL CAMERA FILTER

00

_ . 80 - -

• _ 60 -

( 6) 0

- 40

( 7 )#

20 -

0

R

FIGURE 9

- 28 -

Table II

Aerial Camera Lenses and Filter

Chromaticity Coordinates, Daylight Transmittance, Dominant Wavelength,

and Excitation Purity Determinations, for Source C, of the Two AerialCamera Lenses and the Aerial-Camera Filter*

Chroma ticity Luminous Dominant Excitation

Object

Coordinates Transmittance Wavelength Purity

Number x _J_ Y(%) -A. poo

AERIAL CAMERA LENSES:

(i) 0.310 0.318 82.5 55o. 0.5

(2) .310 .319 68.2 55o . 1.0

(3) .311* .321* 93.1* 567. 3.0

( U) .311* .321* 93.3 569. 3.3

(5) .318 .332 87.2 565.5 6.2

AERIAL CAMERA FILTER:

(6) 0.1*83 0.505 66.

0

576.1* 97.1

(7) .1*81* .5ol* 37.1 576.5 97.1

)
v‘ ; . . ' ’ : V: -V ; • ’ ; n

.. : . ' - 1 - r . . £i : • * ; ’
- 29 -

Table III

Aerial Camera Lenses and Filter

Munsell Renotations and ISCC-NBS Color Designations of the Two Aerial

Camera Lenses and the Aerial-Camera Filter.

Object Munsell

Number Renotation ISCC-NBS Color Designation

AERIAL CAMERA LENSES:

(i) 2.0G 9 . 2/0.2 Colorless

(2) 1.2G 8. 5/0.

2

Light gray

(3) ?.0GY 9. 6/0.1* Colorless

(U) ?.0GY 9. 6/0.1* Colorless

(?) 5.0GY 9.U/0.8 Faint green

AERIAL CAMERA FILTER :

•

(6) 1*.9Y 8.1*A8.0 Vivid yellow

(7) 5.UY 6.6/lli.5 Vivid yellow
T . - . .. •*/::«

<•I
- 30 -

Table IV

Aerial Camera Lenses and Filter

Lovibond Analyses and Daylight Transmittance of the Two Aerial-Camera

Lenses and the Aerial-Camera Filter.

Object

Lovibond Analysis

Luminous

Transmittance

Number RIB r{%)

AERIAL CAMERA LENSES:

(i) 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.5

( 2 ) .0 .0 .0 68.2

(3 ) .0 .2 .0 93 -

U

GO .0 .2 .0 93-3

( 5 ) .0 .5 .0 87.2

AERIAL CAMERA FILTER:

(6 ) 2.5 100. 0.0 66.0

( 7 ) 2.8 100. .0 37.1
0
IX. Hand-Camera Lenses and Filters

The following 32 illustrations and three tables of data contain the

spectrophotometrie and colorimetric specifications of five hand camera

lenses and 23 photographic filters.

Figures 10 to 22 show the visible and near infrared spectral transmittance of 28 hand-camera lenses and filters, plotted from the tables of

data listed in Appendix B. These data were read from the original recordings of spectral transmittance taken from the General Electric recording

spectrophotometer and corrected for wavelength and photometric scale errors.

Ozalid copies of these recordings are shown in Appendix A*

Figures 23 to 27 show the chromaticity coordinates of these five handcamera lenses and twenty- three photographic filters computed from the visible

portion of the spectral transmittance data (UOO to 750 millimicrons) of these

materials and converted into terms of the International Commission on

Illumination (C.I.E. ) standard observer and coordinate system for Source C.

The chromaticity coordinates, daylight transmittance, dominant wavelength

and excitation purity of these materials are listed in Table V.

Also shown on Figures 2k and 25 is a portion of the Planckian locus

which connects the values of the chromaticity coordinates of the light

sources.

Figures 28 to 3h show the Munsell renotations of these 28 materials

schematically illustrated. These data were obtained graphically by means of

the C.I.E. chromaticity coordinates and daylight transmittance. The Munsell

renotations are listed in Table VI together with the ISCC-NBS color designations of the hand camera lenses and filters.

Figures 35 to b± show the "ideal11 Lovibond units of red, yellow, and

blue glasses for each of the five hand camera lenses and of the twenty-three

photographic filters. These Lovibond analyses were obtained graphically by

means of the C.I.E. chroma ticity coordinates and are listed in Table VII

together with the computed daylight transmittance which served as the ordinate for the upper portion of the diagrams in Figures 35 to IfL.
. ,

' i

'

;

• •

-

'

. • 7.:

.

\

•••' '

, r 'i

• toi |

fr ^

' i

.

' J

.

'

.

.

*
- 32 -

Figure 10. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of the lens of a hand cameras

(8) Ansco Xenon Lens 9 $0 mm focal

length* f/2* Serial No. 2563656

100

80

60

40

20

0

-33-

1 1

1 1 '

1 *

1 1 r

HAND CAMERA _ LENS

I <NBS>

600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH,

FIGURE 10

Figure 11. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of a hand-camera lens;

(9) Kodak Ektar Lens, 80 mm focal

length, f/2.8. Serial No. ET81I1L

100

80

60

40

20

0

- 35 -

T 1

1 '

1 — 1 1 1

'

1'

HAND CAMERA _ LENS

i 600

± I -1 800

<MS>

J . I i 1000

WAVELENGTH, m/x

FIGURE II

- 36 -

Figure 12* Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of two hand-camera lenses:

(10) Leitz Elmar Lens, 90 mm focal length,

f/U, Serial No. 720367

(11) Leitz Summitar Lens, $0 mm focal length,

f/2, Serial No. 603U53

>

*
(4(
-37-

f

FIGURE 12
4

*2

*' -
Figure 13* Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of a supplementary lens for a hand

camera:

(12) Ansco supplementary camera lens No.

30 Portrait Lens, Plus 1, Size 6
»

I

f
-39-

t

400 600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH,

FIGURE 13

Figure lit. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of two c olor- temperature- convers ion

filters:

(13) Ansco No, 10 Con'version Filter,

Size 5 (sample a)

(ill. ) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample a)
I

r-

; *, '"•'V . i ,

.

\
-41-

I

FIGURE 14
i

-

* '

V.
Figure l£. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of two color- temperature- conversion

filters

(l£) Ansco No* 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample a)

(16) Ansco No* 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample a)
< . N
100

80

60

40

20

0

-43-

1 1 1

1

1 1

1

1 1 —| r

HAND CAMERA

FILTERS

600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH, m/j.

FIGURE 15
.

•
Figure 16. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of two color-temperature-conversion

filters

:

(17) Ansco No, 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample b)

(18) Ansco No, 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 5> (sample b)
. .

. _

•

' 1

’

'

' . 7 i; "

j V. ' ' V .

S-. Sri o . C y _

' '--If
FIGURE 16
'A A -V

• i-ii, «****•** 1*1
Figure 17* Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of two color-temperature-conversion

filters

:

(19) Ansco Nor 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample b)

(20) Ansco Noo 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample b)

-47-

FIGURE 17
)

-
- U8 -

Figure 18# Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of two color-temperature -conversion

filters

:

(21) Kodak Wratten Filter 80A, Series VE

(22) Kodak Wratten Filter 85, Series VI

100

80

60

40

20

0

-49-

( 22)

HAND CAMERA

FILTERS

<NBS:

JL

o 600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH,

FIGURE 18
'

-

••

'x‘

-i

*.

.» .

•* <

*

•
Figure 19 * Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of three ultraviolet-absorbing filters:

(23) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-15, Size 5

(2U) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-16, Size 5

(25) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-17, Size 5

FIGURE 19

- 52 -

Figure 20. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of three ultraviolet-absorbing fil

ters

:

(26) An sco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-15, Size 6

(27) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-16, Size 6

(28) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-17, Size 6

FIGURE 20
' - *>T' ' •• ' 5* V {a -
- $h -

Figure 21. Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of two ultraviolet-absorbing filters :

(29) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-16, Size 7

(30) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-17* Size 7
.a - . .

:

C r-

<.

-• ‘
100

BO

60

40

20

0

-55-

j ( j

i |

! |

i

j r- r

600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH

FIGURE 21
.<- >

*'•'

•k •’!••• - >*% t

f-

' • V
- 56 -

Figure 22* Visible and near infrared spectral

transmittance of five photographic filters:

(31) Kodak Wratten Filter A, Series VII

(32) Kodak Wratten Filter B, Series VII

(33) Kodak Wratten Filter C5, Series VII

( 3U ) Kodak Wratten Filter N, Series VII

(35) Kodak Wratten Filter Aero 2, Series VII
k ' V
100

80

60

40

20

0

>0 600 800 1000

WAVELENGTH,

FIGURE 22
%

\

;

e.yp.

A

•

> , f s

-

i 1 A S ii

-V •;

l9.» ;i 'ki

#> I 0 ; * t

.

}. :A:,'

:

•' ViV .

? * v

• i

\

s

i’ i

i

:r.
- 58 -

Figure 23. Segment of the C.I.E. chromaticity

diagram showing dominant wavelength, excitation

purity, and chromaticity coordinates of five

lenses for hand cameras

(8) Ansco Xenon Lens, 50 mm focal

length, f/2. Serial No. 2563656

(9) Kodak Ektar Lens, 80 mm focal

length, f/2. 8, Serial No. ET8lljL

(10) Leitz Elmar Lens, 90 mm focal length,

fA, Serial No. 720367

(11) Leitz Sumirdtar Lens, 50 mm focal length,

f/2. Serial No. 603U53

(12) Ansco supplementary camera lens No.

30 P or-trait Lens, Plus 1, Size 6

o

in

to

O

ro

in

CVJ

FIGURE 23

.20
t< \

i*

v i<
- 60 -

Figure 2In Segment of the C.I.E. chromaticity

diagram showing the Planekian locus and dominant

wavelength, excitation purity, and chromaticity

coordinates of two sets of color-temperatureccmversion filters:

(13) Ansco No, 10 Conversion Filter,

Size $ (sample a)

(lit) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample a)

(17) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample b)

(18) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample b)

and of three ultraviolet-abs orbing filters:

(23) Ansco Ultraviole t-Absorbing Filter UV-15, Size 5

(2U) Ansco Ultravi olet-Absorbing Filter UV-16, Size 5>

(25) Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter UV-17, Size 5
c

;•

:

' ....

'

. ..

' :

\ ..

•

ti • X:

v

‘

.

i

' i..

'

• •; •

.

. .

• : >

’

. .... . .
- 61 -

1

*

I

*

o

o

ro

O

OJ

FIGURE 24

- 62 -

i

Figure 25* Segment of the C.I.E# chromaticity diagram

showing the Planckian locus and dominant wavelength,

excitation purity, and chromaticity coordinates of

three sets of color-temperature-conversion filters:

U5) Ansco No# 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample a)

(16) Ansco No# 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample a)

(19) Ansco Nd. 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample b)

(20) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample b)

(21) Kodak Wratten Filter 80A, Series VL

(22) Kodak Wratten Filter 85, Series VL

and of three ultraviolet absorbing filters:

(26) Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter

UV-15, Size 6

(2?) Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter

UV-16, Size 6

(28) Ansco Ultraviolet-Absorbing Filter

UV-17, Size 6

1
-~V

, i

" •

v- : '-•

- ;

. j

'

1 ' ' ' • • -v

. r:' . 1 ; ;

o
-63-

1

‘

1

FIGURE 25
/ i i(
Figure 26. Segment of the C.I.E. chromaticity diagram

showing dominant wavelength, excitation purity, and

chromatic ity coordinates of two ultraviolet-absorbing

filters:

(29) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-16,

Size 7

( 30 ) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter UV-17,

Size 7
n( c«
FIGURE 26
(

C!

(
I

I

Figure 27. Segment of the C.I.E. chromaticity diagram

showing dominant wavelength, excitation purity, and

chromaticity coordinates of five photographic filters:

(31) Kodak Wratten Filter A, Series VII

(32) Kodak Wratten Filter B, Series VII

(33) Kodak Wratten Filter C5, Series VII

(3U ) Kodak Wratten Filter N* Series VII

(35) Kodak Wratten Filter Aero 2, Series VII
; . - '

: .

'

• '

. ... •

: V' •

' '

'C ..

;o-

\

" •'

•

.

.

'» - : -i .: '' j

- :

'>

>"

• . ; ... v

’ T t,t ,
X

FIGURE 27
...» j ?

•'
- 68 -

Figure 28, Schematic illustration of the vertical and

horizontal projections of the M ideal” Munsell system

shewing the Munsell Value (upper diagram) plotted against

Munsell Hie and Chroma points projected from the lower

diagram of five lenses for hand cameras:

(8) Ansco Xenon Lens, 5>0 mm focal length,

f/2. Serial No. 2^63656

(9) Kodak Ektar Lens, 80 mm focal length,

f/2. 8, Serial No. ET8lljL

(10) Leitz Elmar Lens, 90 mm focal length,

f/U, Serial No. 720367

(11) Leitz Summitar Lens, $0 mm focal length,

f/2. Serial No. 603U53

(12) Ansco supplementary camera lens No.

30 Portrait Lens, Plus 1, Size 6
Jj

X

'•

u

•v . a rl v

:

" . j
MUNSELL

VALUE

HAND CAMERA LENSES

&

u.

5G

/

MUNSELL HUE

<NBS>

FIGURE 28
* ' i

i;
- 70 -

Figure 29. Schematic illustration of the 'vertical

and horizontal projections of the ’’ideal” Mmsell

system showing the Munsell Value (upper diagram)

plotted against Munsell Hue and Chroma points

projected from the lower diagram for two sets of

color -temperature -con version filters:

(13) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter,

Size ? (sample a)

(111) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample a)

(17) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample b)

(18) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 5 (sample b)

HAND CAMERA FILTERS

MUNSELL HUE

FIGURE 29

- 72 -

Figure 30. Schematic illustration of the vertical

and horizontal projections of the 11 ideal" Munsell

system showing the Munsell Value (upper diagram)

plotted against Munsell Hue and Chroma points

projected from the lower diagram for three sets

of color-temperature-conversion filters:

(15) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample a)

(16) Ansco No* 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample a)

(19) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample b)

(20) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter,

Size 6 (sample b)

(21) Kodak Wiratten Filter 80A, Series VI

(22) Kodak Watten Filter 85, Series VI
.
HAND CAMERA FILTERS

1

1

1

FIGURE 30

- 7U -

Figure 31 • Schematic illustration of the vertical

and horizontal projections of the “ideal” Munsell

system showing the Munsell Value (upper diagram)

plotted against Munsell Hie and Chroma points

projected from the lower diagram for three ultraviolet-absorbing filters:

(23) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

W-15, Size 5

(2U) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-16, Size 5

(25) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-17, Size 5
.

' . '

:
HAND CAMERA FILTERS

MUNSELL H'JF '

<NBS>

FIGURE 31
r. - h- r "i $

:»• » i ;
- 76 -

Figure 32. Schematic illustration of the vertical

and horizontal projections of the ’’ideal" Munsell

system showing the Mansell Value (upper diagram)

plotted against Munsell Hue and Chroma points projected from the lower diagram for three ultravioletabsorbing filters:

(26) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-15, Size 6

(27) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-16, Size 6

(28) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-17, Size 6

HAND CAMERA FILTERS

O' X,

to

586

FIGURE 32
1j1
- 78 -

Figure 33* Schematic illustration of the vertical

and horizontal projections of the "ideal" Mansell

system showing the Munsell Value (upper diagram)

plotted against Munsell Hue aid Chroma points

projected from the lower diagram for two ultraviolet-abs orb ing filters

(29) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-16, Size 7

(30) An sco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-17, Size 7
::

•' '

•>

.• -

• • « '

. i a

-•
HAND CAMERA FILTERS

MUnS £L.L .H'.'l-

<^BS>

FIGURE 33

I

,

I

- 80 -

Figure 3h• Schematic illustration of the vertical

and horizontal projections of the ” ideal” Munsell

system showing the Munsell Value (upper diagram)

plotted against Munsell Hue and Chroma points projected from the lower diagram for five photographic

filters

(31) Kodak Wratten Filter A, Series VII

(32) Kodak Wratten Filter B, Series VII

(33) Kodak Wratten Filter C5> Series VII

(3U) Kodak Wratten Filter N, Series VII

(35) Kodak Wratten Filter Aero 2, Series VII

)
I
) HAND CAMERA FILTERS

i

O'

-0 Q.

MUNSLLL HUP

iI

I

O 5 R

FI GUFF 34

Figure 35 • Schematic illustration of the 11 ideal"

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance (upper

diagram) plotted against the units of the Lovibond

color system, based on Red, Yellow, and Blue glass

standards, projected from the lower diagram of five

lenses far hand cameras:

(8) Ansco Xenon Lens, 50 mm focal length,

f/2. Serial No. 2 563656

(9) Kodak Ektar Lens, 80 mm focal length,

f/2. 8, Serial No. ET8li;L

(10)

Leitz Elmar Lens, 90 ran focal length,

f/U, Serial No. 720367

(H) Leitz Summitar Lens, 5>0 mm focal length,

f/2, Serial No. 603U53

(12) Ansco supplementary camera lens No.

30 Portrait Lens, Plus 1, Size 6
'
TRANSMITTANCE

(%)

HAND CAMERA LENSES

- 81* -

1

Figure 36. Schematic illustration of the “ideal**

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance

(upper diagram) plotted against the units of the

Lovibond color system* based on Red* Yellow* and

Blue glass standards* projected from the lower

diagram for two sets of color- temperature- conversion

filters

(13) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter*

Size 5 (sample a)

(1U) Ansco No. 11 Conversion Filter*

Size 5 (sample a)

(17) Ansco No. 10 Conversion Filter*

Size 5 (sample b)

(18) Ansco No. n Conversion Filter*

Size 5 (sample b)

)

)

HAND CAMERA FILTERS

)

)

FIGURE 36

Figure 37* Schematic illustration of the "ideal1 '

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance

(upper diagram) plotted against the units of the

Lovibond color system* based on Red* Yellow* and

Blue glass standards* projected from the lower

diagram for three sets of color -temperatureconversion filters

(15) Ansco No0 10 Conversion Filter*

Size 6 (sample a)

(16) Ansco No* 11 Conversion Filter*

Size 6 (sample a)

(19) Ansco Noo 10 Conversion Filter*

Size 6 (sample b)

(20) Ansco NOo 11 Conversion Filter*

Size 6 (sample b)

(21) Kodak Wratten Filter 80A* Series VI

(22) Kodak Wratten Filter 85* Series VI

)
V
FIGURE 37

- 88 -

Figure 38 0 Schematic illustration of the "ideal”

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance

(upper diagram) plotted against the units of the

Lovibond color system^ based on Red5 Yellow,, and

Blue glass standards,, projected from the lower

diagram for three ultraviolet-absorbing filters:

(23) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-l55 Size 5

(2U) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-16, Size 5

(25) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-17, Size 5
*
TRANSMITTANCE

(%)

HAND CAMERA FILTERS

figure; 38

-90 -

Figure 39. Schematic illustration of the " ideal „ Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance

(upper diagram) plotted against tee units of the

Lovibond color system, based on Red, Yellow, and

Blue glass standards, projected from the lower

diagram for three ultraviolet-absorbing filters:

(26) Ansco

1^violet Absorbing Filter

(27)

!S, «»*

<28)

S-“, nit.



- 92 -

Figure hO. Schematic illustration of the "ideal”

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance

(upper diagram) plotted against the units of the

Lovibond color system, based on Red, Yellow, and

Blue glass standards, projected from the lower

diagram for two ultraviolet-absorbing filters:

(29) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-16, Size 7

(30) Ansco Ultraviolet Absorbing Filter

UV-17, Size 7
... - . , ;• J ' - , . • . . • . •. • - . ' ' ' •' • " " • . . ' . . . • • . ’ '
HAND CAMERA FILTERS

UJo

2

2

t

2

</> 2

<

<r

80

60

40

20

0

(29) • • ( 30)

R

<^>
• A-

•

' •

'

:

<

:
- 9h -

Figure I4I© Schematic illustration of the "ideal”

Lovibond system showing daylight transmittance

(upper diagram) plotted against the units of the

Lovibond color system, based on Red, Yellow, and

Blue glass standards, projected from the lower

diagram for five photographic filters:

I (31) Kodak Wratten Filter A, Series VII

(32) Kodak Wratten Filter B, Series VII*

(33) Kodak Wratten Filter C5, Series VII

(3U) Kodak Wratten Filter N, Series VII*

(35) Kodak Wratten Filter Aero 2, Series VII

^-Object Nos. 32 and 3h are not shown on the diagram

as these saturated green colors are outside of the

gamut of the Lovibond color system.
. .

... . ; : • , . r ‘ ; ; . .. . . . ...

.. . : .
I

HAND CAMERA FILTERS

100

UJo

z 80 - - <

h- • (35)

t-z 60

inz

<

“ * cr»- 40

20

(31) •

A • (33)

R

<JS>

FIGURE 41
.

- -
- 96 -

Table V

Hand Camera Lenses and Filters

Chromaticity Coordinates, Daylight Transmittance, Dominant Wavelength,

and Excitation Purity Determinations for Source C of Five Hand Camera

Lenses and Twenty-Three Photographic Filters.

Chromaticity Luminous Dominant Excitation

Coordinates Transmittance Wavelength Purity

Object

Number X y U%) v(%)

HAND CAMERA. LENSES:

(8) 0.313 0.32U 82.3 566. 2,7

(9) .320 .331 90.9 567.2 606

(10) .322 .330 86.

575.2 6.8

(11) .318 .329 8U.8 570.0 5-U

(12) .310 .317 91.8 550. 0.1

HAND CAMERA FILTERS:

(13) 0.251 .233 36.7 1*69.9 32.0

(1U) .1*15 .i|01 62.2 580.6 50.8

15) .251 .227 31*. 5 1*67.0 33.0

(16) .1*17 .i|01 61.7 580.9 5L.U

(17) .251 .23U 36.8 1*70.0 31.8

(18) .1*16 .1401 62.0 580.6 51.0

(19) .250 .228 3l*-6 1*67.6 32.9

(20) . 1*16 .Uoi 61.9 580.6 51.0

(21) .222 .199 26.9 1*71.3 ll6.6

(22) .397 .361 61.2 586.9 35.3

(23) .319 <>335 89.1 568.1 7.1*

(2U) .315 .328 89.1* 567. k°5

(25) .316 o330 89.1* 567.2 5.6

(26) .318 .332 89.2 569.5 6.5

(27) .317 .331 89.5 567.8 5.6

(28) .317 .331 89.6 567.1* 5.7

(29) .311* .327 88.7 563. 3.7

(30) .316 .331 88.7 566.5 5.6

(31) .680 .320 11*. 1 615. 100o

(32) .237 .696 21*. 5 539.1* 86.0

(33) .11*5 .0U8 2.7 1*63.6 96.

(3U) .218 .702 18.1* 536.0 83.8

(35) .1*1*5 .508 77.0 572.9 87.6
*. t \ . > •* * .
Table VI

Hand Camera Lenses and Filters

Munsell Renotations and ISCC-NBS Color Designations of the Five Hfcnd

Caiaera Lenses and Twenty-Three Photographic Filters.

Object Munsell

Number Renotation ISCC-NBS Color Designation

RA LENSES:

(8) 6.1*GY 9. 2/0.1* Colorless

(9) 9.8y 9. 5/0.

Faint yellcw

(10) 1*.2Y 9.U/0.8 Faint yellow

(11) 2.5GY 9.3/0.

Faint yellow

(12) N 9.6/ Colorless

FLA. FILTERS:

(13) 7.8PB 6. 5/8.

Light purplish blue

(ll*) 9.9YR 8.2/7.

Light orange yellow

(15) 8.6PB 6.U/9.1 Brilliant purplish blue

( 16) 9.8YR 8. 1/7.1* Light orange yellow

(17) 7.7PB 6.6/8. 1* Light purplish blue

(18) 9.8YR 8. 2/7.

Light orange yellow

(19) 8.2FB 6.U/8.9 Light purplish blue

(20) 9.8YR 8. 2/7.

Light orange yellow

(21) 7.1PB 5.7A1.1* Brilliant purplish blue

(22) 3.6YR 8. 1/6.0 Light yellowish pink

(23) 5.2GY 9.5A-0 Faint green

(2U) 6.0GY 9. 5/0.6 Faint green

(25) 5.9GY 9.5/0.

Faint green

(26) 5.0GY 9. 5/0.

Faint green

(27) 5.6GY 9. 5/0.

Faint green

(28) 5.6GY 9.5/0.

Faint green

(29) 7.UGY 9. U/0.

Faint green

(30) 6.0GY 9.U/0.8 Faint green

(31) 8.1*R U.3/20.6 Vivid red

(32) 0.6g 5.5/20. Vivid yellowish green

(33) 7.6pb 1.8/18.0 Vivid purplish blue

(3U) 0. 8g 1*. 8/19. Vivid yellowish green

(35) 9.1*Y 8.9A3.9 Vivid greenish yellow
- ' ' . v ti
Iu

I

- 98 -

Table VII

Hand Camera Lenses and Filters

»

i

i

Lovibond Analyses and Daylight Transmittance of the Five Hand Camera Lenses

and Twenty-Three Photographic Filters,

Luminous

Lovibond Analysis Transmittance

Object

Number R Y B TOO

HAND CAMERA LENSES:

i

,]

a

(8) 0.0 0.2 0.0 82.3

(9) .2 .5 .0 90.9

(10) .h .5 .0 86.6

(H) .3 .a .0 8U.8

(12) .0 .0 .0 91.8

l FILTERS:

(13) 1.5 0.0 U.o 36.7

(11.) 3.U 5.U .0 62.2

(13) 1.9 .0 lw2 3a. 5

(16) 3.? 5.U .0 61.7

(17) 1.5 .0 U.o 36.8

(18) 3ol* 5.a .0 62.0

(19) 1.6 .0 u.2 3a. 6

(20) 3.k 5.U .0 61.9

(21) 1.2 .0 6.1 26.9

(22) Iwl 2.9 .0 61.2

(23) .0 .5 .0 89.1

(2U) .0 •a .0 89.

(25) .0 •a .0 89. a

(26) .0 .5 .0 89.2

(27) .0 .5 .0 89.5

(28) .0 .a .0 89.6

(29) .0 .2 .0 88.7

(30) .0 •a .0 88.7

(31) 58.0 5o.o .0 ia.i

(32) — — — 2a. 5

(33) .0 6.5 5i.o 2.7

(3U) -

— — 18.4

(35) .6 28.0 .0 77.0

- 99 -

I* Color-Temperature-Conversion Filters

A comparison has been made in the next four illustrations (Figures

h2 to U5) and four tables of data (Tables VIII to XI) of how well the

commercially available color-teraperature-conversion filters, studied in

this report, serve their purpose in converting the spectral energy

distribution of one illuminant to approximate the spectral energy distribution of a second illuminant. Six filters have been selected for

study. They carried the object designations in Part IX of this report

as (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), and (22). Two sets of these blue and

orange filters are near duplicates available from one manufacturer (Ansco)

differing only in size of filter (diameter). They are (17) Ansco No. 10

Conversion filter size 5 (sample b), (19) Ansco No. 10 Conversion filter

size 6 (sample b), (18) Ansco No. 11 Conversion filter size 5 (sample b),

and (20) Ansco No. 11 Conversion filter size 6 (sample b). The other set

of blue and orange filters are (21) Kodak Wratten 80A, Series VI, and

(22) Kodak Wratten 85, Series VI.

The three orange filters have been compared far effectiveness of

conversion of both CIE Source C to CIE Source A and conventional color

temperature for outdoor film (5500°K) to that for indoor film (325>0°K).

The three blue filters have been compared far effectiveness of conversion

in the opposite direction. The data far the standard sources were taken

from the Handbook of Colorimetry £l5>3 , and the spectral distribution of

sources 3250°K and 5500° K were taken from the Frehafer-Snow tables £ 23j *

The conversions from near daylight illuminant to near incandescent

illuminant are shown in Figures 1|2 and bh; and conversions from near incandescent illuminant to near daylight illuminant are shown in Figures h3

and U5. It should be noted that the ordinates of these four figures are

in relative energy units and that all of the curves represented in the

figures have been reduced to equality (50.0 units) at wavelength 560

millimicrons.
(<
- 100 -

Figure 1±2. Spectral energy distribution of radiant

energy transmitted by several orange-yellow filters

approximating a conversion of C.I.E. Source C, repre

sentative of average daylight, to C.I.E. Source A,

representative of incandescent illuminant, compared

with the spectral energy distribution of C.I.E.

Source A.
..

. • •

:
RELATIVE

ENERGY

- 101 -

FIGURE 42

Figure U3« Spectral energy distribution of radiant

energy transmitted by several purplish-blue filters

approximating a conversion of CoLEo Source A, representative of incandescent-lanp light, to C»I*E.

Source C, representative of average daylight, compared

with the spectral energy distribution of C.I.E. Source C.

RELATIVE

ENERGY

-103-

400 500 600 700

WAVELENGTH.m^

FIGURE 43

r*
/ i
- ioU -

Figure hh• Spectral energy distribution of radiant

energy transmitted by several orange-yellow filters

approximating a conversion of a 55>00°K Planckian

Radiator (color temperature balance far outdoor film)

to a 32S>0°K Planckian Radiator (color temperature

balance for indoor film), compared with the spectral

energy distribution of a 325>0°K Planckian Radiator.
„
RELATIVE

ENERGY

-105-

FIGURE 44
;.. t’ f ,

' :;

it . ;.

(

i.A

"'Hi

H,

.%*

'

. ?-

: i

’

*••

! .

v

-

’ <\ ' [ " ;

: ,;>V% : T

- -• r

' ' ••'• V a;

£ v > ?>. A/U •

. •" ^v r

. i ••ji.vj sif-f's , •

:

; r
- 106 -

Figure Spectral energy distribution of radiant

energy transmitted by several purplish-blue filters

approximating a conversion of a 325>0° K Planckian

Radiator (color temperature balance for indoor film)

to a 5500°K Planckian Radiator (color temperature

balance for outdoor film), compared with the spectral

energy distribution of a 5500°K Planckian Radiator.
-

l
-107-

FIGURE 45

- 108 -

Table VUI

Relative Spectral Energy Distribution of Light Sources Before and After

Transmission by Color- Temperature-Conversion Filters. (Reduced to Equality

at 560 up, .

)

Wave

length

up

Incident

Spectral

Ehergy

Distribution

Relative Spectral Ehergy Distribution

of Incident Radiant Eiergy after

Transmission by:

Desired

Spectral

Energy

Distribution

C.I.E.

Source C

Ansco No. 11

Size 5

(sample b)

Ansco No. 11

Size 6

(sample b)

Wratten 85

Series VI

C cl. Ec

Source A

l*oo 30.06 7.39 7.59 2.23 7.36

10 38,27 80I46 8.62 10.56 8.8U

20 U6.58 10.05 10.20 20.93 10.50

30 53,37 12*32 12o32 28.1*0 12,31*

Uo 57,69 15,1*0 i5,l*o 33.50 iu.35

l*5o 58.88 19.88 19.88 36.00 16.51*

60 58.1*5 21*. 71 21*. 71 38,1*0 18.91

70 58.78 30.56 30,56 ia. 81 21. UU

80 58.83 36,07 36.07 1*1*.15 21*. 12

90 57.31 39,83 39.83 1*5. la 26. 96

500 53,23 1*0.39 1*0.39 UU.05 29.93

10 U8.58 38.29 38.1*9 1*0.21* 33.03

20 1*6.01 36.81 36.92 37.61 36.25

30 1*6.53 38. uu 38, uu 38.3U 39.56

Uo U8.U8 1*2.52 1*2.52 1*0.97 1*2.98

55o 1*9,95 U6.68 U6. 68 1*2. 1*5 U6.U6

60 5o.oo 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00

70 U8.58 53.21 53.21 58.00 53.59

80 U6 V UU 57.29 57.29 65.22 57.22

90 UU-26 60.32 60.32 67.83 60.86

600 1*2,59 61.1*0 61.1*0 67,97 61*. 52

10 la. 98 61,89 62.00 68,09 68c67

20 ia«83 62.11* 62.38 68.51 71.81

30 la, 78 62.22 62.39 68.50 75.1a

hO 1*1.69 62. Ol* 62.25 68,50 78.99

65o Ul. 88 62.18 62. U6 68.82 82.51

6o ia. 7U 61.86 62.11 68.58 85.98

70 1*0.98 60.56 60. 8U 67.33 89.38

80 39.89 58.79 59.05 65.58 92.71

90 38.08 55.90 56.19 62* UU 95.96

700 36.23 53-03 53.31 59.37 99,13

10 3l*.38 50.12 50.1a 56.31 102 0 20

20 32.1*3 1*7.17 1*7. 1*2 53.06 105.18

30 30.58 1*1*. 30 1*1*. 56 5o.oo 108,06

Uo 29.20 1*2.13 1*2. 1*3 U7.68 110.83

75o 28.11 1*0. 1*0 Uo. 66 1*5.89 113.50
'

Cl 'd ) •

•

.

• •

. -

: :]• ijV .

.

.

1

•

• «k

- s
- 109 - Table IX

Relative Spectral Energy Distribution of Light Sources Before and After

Transmission by Color-Tempera hire-Conversion Filters* (Reduced to Equality

at 560 mp .

)

Wave

length

rrp

Incident

Spectral

Energy

Distribution

Relative Spectral Energy Distribution

of Incident Radiant Energy after

Transmission by 2

Desired

Spectral

Energy

Distribution

C.I «E*

Source A

Anseo No. 10

Size 5

(sample b)

Ansco No® 10

Size 6

(sample b)

Wratten dOA

Series VI

C*I.E.

Source C

1*00 7.36 11.15 11.69 21.51 30.06

10 80 Qh ii*. n llt.62 28,1*2 38.27

20 10.50 17.25 17.95 35.66 [46*58

30 12.31* 20.1*8 21*29 1*2.39 53.37

ho 1)4.35 23.61* 2l*.51* 1*8.31 57.69

l*5o 16. 51* 26.66 27.57 53.67 58.88

6o 18.91 29.1*8 30. Ill 57.65 58.1*5

70 21.1*1* 31. 79 32.61 60J42 58.78

80 2l*.12 32.22 32.81 61.60 58.83

90 26.96 31.95 31.89 60.75 57.31

500 29.93 32.36 31.88 59.21 53.23

10 33.03 31. U2 30.28 56.20 ii8.58

20 36.25 25.65 21*. 11 53.71 1*6.01

30 39.56 20.60 18.1*1* 51.1*0 1*6.53

ho 1*2.98 21*. 1*9 22o05 50.2I4 148.U8

55o h6oh6 37.95 36.89 1*9.21 1*9.95

60 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00

70 53.59 53.71 51*. 96 52.1*8 148*58

80 57.22 53.91 51*. 86 56.1*3 146*1414 90 60.86 52.81* 53.83 62.25 I4I4. 26

600 61*. 52 1*8.33 149*12 66.55 1*2.59

10 68.67 1*1.59 1*1.93 67.35 1*1.98

20 71.81 31*. 1*3 3U. 39 614*05 1*1.83

30 75.1*1 32.51* 32*30 57.1*2 1*1.78

ho 78.99 36. 98 36.1*2 52.56 1*1.69

650 82.51 39.36 38.72 50.56 1*1.88

6o 85.98 36.01* 36.12 50.52 la. 71* 70 89.38 31.51 31.39 5o.68 1*0.98

80 92.71 2?.6i 27.12 1*8.75 39.89

90 95.96 37.02 36*014 1*6.28 38.08

700 99.13 680 60 65.91* hS» 0k 36.23

10 102.20 99.91 98.31* 60.00 3U.38

20 105.18 120*22 122.98 88*61 32.1*3

30 108.06 127.21 iLipliO 139.89 30.58

ho 110.83 157.02 165.25 207.3-7 29*20

750 113.50 165.75 X7l*.l*l* 28U.15 28.11
-
- 110 - Table X

Relative Spectral Energy Distribution of Light Sources Before and After

Transmission by Color -Temperature -Conversion Filters. (Reduced to Equality

at 560 rap.

)

Wave

length

mp

Incident

Spectral

Energy

Distribution

Relative Spectral Ehergy Distribution

of Incident Radiant Energy after

l Transmission by:

Desired

Spectral

Ehergy

Distribution

Planckian

Radiator

55oo°k

Ansco No. 11

Size 5

(sample b)

Ansco No. 11

Size 6

(sample b)

Wratten 85

Series VI

Planckian

Radiator

325o°k

l*oo 141.36 10ol7 10.1*5 3.07 11. 1*8 10 lj.2.86 9 . 1*7 9.65 n.83 13.28

20 1*1*. 25 9.51* 9.69 19.88 15.21

30 U5-U5 9.80 10.1*9 21*. 18 17.28

ho U6,$2 12.1*2 12.1*2 27.02 19.1*1*

k$0 hi <>k6 16.03 16.03 29.02 21.72

60 1*8.26 20. 1(0 20.1*0 31.70 21*. 08

70 1*8.93 25.1*1* 25.10* 31*. 80 26.52

80 1*9.1*3 30o31 30.31 37.10 29.01*

90 U9-85 33.95 3l*.65 39.50 31.60

5oo 50. 20 38.09 38.09 1*1.51* 31*. 20

10 50.35 39.69 39.90 1*1.71 36. 8U

20 5o.U5 1*0.36 1*0. 1*9 1*1.21* 39.50

30 5o.U5 Ulo 68 111. 68 Ul.56 1*2.11*

k0 50.35 hho±6 W4..I6 1*2.55 1*1*. 78

55o 50.20 1*6.91 1*6.91 U2.65 1*7. 1*2 6o 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00

70 U9°66 51*. 1*0 51;. Uo 59.30 52.55

80 U9. 36 60.91 60.91 69.32 55.10

90 U8„ 9U 66.72 66.72 75.02 57.55

600 1*8. 1*5 69 c8h 690 8U 77.31 59.95

10 1*7.98 70.75 70.87 77.81* 62.30

20 1*7. 1*9 70. 1*8 70.82 77.70 61*. 50

30 U6. 8U 69.71* 69 . 91* 76.78 66.65

Uo U6. 2h 68.82 69.05 75.98 68. 80

65o 1*5.63 67-75 68.06 71*. 97 70.80

60 111;. 99 66068 66.95 73.92 72.70

70 111;. 31 65.50 65.80 72.81 71*. 55

80 U3.62 61*. 29 6U.58 71.71 76.30

90 1+2.91; 63 oOlj. 63*36 70.1*0 77.90

700 1*2.23 61.82 62«>lU 69.20 79. 1*0 10 i*i.i*9 60. 1*9 60. 8U 67.95 80.90

20 1*0.77 59.30 59.61 66.70 82.20
• • - - 1 ' ; : ’ . - - . - •
1

1

1

1

1 - m - #w Table XI

Relative Spectral Energy Distribution of Light Sources Before and After

Transmission by Colcr-Temperature-Conversion Filters. (Reduced to Equality

at 560 up, .

)

^ Incident Desired 9 Wave Spectral Relative Spectral Fhergy Distribution Spectral

length Energy of Incident Radiant Energy after Energy

mp, Distribution Transmission bys Distribution

Planckian Ansco No. 10 Ansco No. 10 Wratten 80A Planckian

Radiator Size 5 Size 6 Series YL Radiator

1

325o°k (sample b) (sample b) 55oo“k

1

l*oo 11.1*8 17 . 1*2 18.25 33.59 la . 36 - 10 13.28 21.20 21.97 1*2.71 1*2.86

1 20 15.21 21*. 99 26.00 $1.66 1*1*. 25

30 17.28 28.6? 29.83 59.39 1*5. 1*5 ho

m

19.10* 32.03 33.25 65*U6 1*6.52

I l*5o 21.72 31*. 99 36.18 70. 1*5 1*7. 1*6 60 21*. 08 37.53 38.71 73 . 1a 1*8.26

70 26.52 39o33 1*0 . 31* 71*. 75 1*8.93

1 80 29.01* 38.78 39. 1*9 7I1.15 1*9. 1*3 90 . 31.60 37 . 1*6 37.39 71 . 21* 1*9.85

500 31*. 20 36.99 36. bh 67.67 50. 20

1 10 360 8U 35 . 01* 33.77 62.68 50.35

20 39.50 27.95 26.27 58.51* 50.1*5

30 1*2.10 21.95 19.61* 51*. 76 5o.l*5

1

h0 10*. 78 25.52 22.98 52.36 50.35

Wo 1*7. 1*2 38. 71* 37.66 5o.2l* 50.20

60 50.00 50.00 50.00 5o.oo 50.00

1 70 52.55 52.67 53.89 51.1*7 Ii.9.66

80 , 55.10 51.91 52.82 51*. 31* 1*9.36

90 57.55 1*9.96 50.90 58.87 1*8. 9h

1 600 59.95 10*. 90 1*5.61* 61. 81* 1*8. 1*5

10 62.30 38.00 38.32 61.56 1*7.98

20 6ko 50 30.93 30.89 57.53 1*7. 1*9 1 30 66<,6

28.75 28.51* 50.76 1*6.81*

Uo 68.80 32.21 31.72 1*5.78 1*6. 2l*

m 650 7b. 80 33.78 33.22 1*3.39 1*5.63

U So 72.70 30.1*7 30.51* 1*2.72 1*1*.99

70 71*. 55 26.28 26.18 1*2.27 1*1*. 31

80 76.30 22.72 22.32 1*0.12 1*3.62

1 90 77o90 30.05 29.25 37.58 1*2.91*

700 79. 1*0 51*. 91* 52.82 38.1*8 1*2.23

1

10 80.90 79.08 77.81* 1*7.50 la. 1*9 ^

20

i

82.20 93.95 96.11 69.26 1*0.77

- 112 -

XI. Summary

This report shows that measurements of spectral transmittance may be

made of aerial- and hand-camera lenses on the General Electric recording

spectrophotometer provided that the size of the optical elements of the

cameras are larger than the dimensions of the light path of the instrument, and provided that the mounts of the camera lens do not block the

comparison light beam of the instrument.

Figures 1 and 2 show that coating the optical elements of camera

lenses with films that reduce reflection losses in the visible part of

the spectrum may reduce the infrared transmittance of the lens below that

of the uncoated lens and so make the lens less fit for use with "infrared

film" [

2h ]

o The use of a system of color in transparent media may be useful for

the colorimetric specification of photographic lenses and filters® In

this report, in addition to the usual methods of expressing the data, use

has been made of the Lovibond system of units of colored red, yellow, and

blue glasses for the colorimetric specification of the lenses and filters.

An evaluation has been made of conversion filters of the types usually

used in ordinary photography by comparing the spectral energy distributions

of the converted sources with those of the sources which were intended to

be diplicated.

XII o Bibliography

£ 1 ] H. J. Keegan, J. C. Schleter, and W. A. Hall, Jr., Spectrophotometric

and colorimetric change in the leaf of a white oak tree under conditions of natural drying and excessive moisture, NBS Report No. 1*322

to WADC, September 1955°

[ 2] H. J. Keegan, J. Co Schleter, W. A. Hall, Jr., and G. M. Haas,

Spectrophotometric and colorimetric study of foliage stared in

covered metal containers, NBS Report No. 1*370 to WADC, November 1955*

C 3D H. J® Keegan, J. C. Schleter, W. A. Hall, Jr., and G® M. Haas,

Spectrophotometric and colorimetric study of the fading of dyed

papers and cardboards under natural daylight, NBS Report No. 1*1*38

to WADC, December 1955

M H. J. Keegan, J. C. Schleter, W. A. Hall, Jr., and G« M® Haas,

Spectrophotometric and colorimetric record of some leaves of trees,

vegetation and soil, NBS Report No. 1*528 to WADC, April 1956.
V,

•

•• •

.. it .

.

. .

.

••

. . •/

./..A

. :/• ::

'

•

' *v • •

•

' -

' , .• i i J

i

' - .

!. -- v • ' t\t

;

. ‘ $. >d ji

:

••••..

.

:

. . .

.

.

• :

:

• < -

.
- 113 - CO H. J. Keegan, J. C. Schleter, W. A. Hall, Jr., and G. M. Haas,

Spectrophotome trie and colorimetric study of diseased and rust

resisting cereal crops, NBS Report U591 to WADC, July 1956.

Color photography made easy with Ansco Color Film and Ansco Color

Printon, pp U2-U5* 1953° Ansco Division, General Aniline and

Film Corporation, Binghamton, N. Y«

C7l D. L. MacAdam. Colorimetric specifications of Wratten light

filters. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 35? 670 (19U5)°

C8]

Ol

0- 0]

M

Cl2]

C13]

Kodak Wratten Filters for scientific and technical use.. 18th

Edition, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y, 1951*

A. C. Hardy. A new recording spectrophotometer. J. Opt. Soc. Am.

25, 305 (1935)? also A. C. Hardy. History of the design of the

recording spectrophotometer. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28^ 360 (1938).

J. Lo Michaelson. Construction of the General Electric recording

spectrophotometer. J. Opt. -Soc. Am. 28, 365 (1938).

\ K. S. Gibson and H. J. Keegan. Calibration and operation of the

General Electric recording spectrophotometer of the National

Bureau of Standards. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28, 372 (1938).

H. J. Keegan and K. S. Gibson. On the use of didymium and

Tltrolite glasses for spectrophotometric measurements. J. Opt.

Soc. Am. 3U, 770 (19hh)o

H. T. 0°Neill and Associates, New methods of reconnaissance and

intelligence from aerial photography especially by means of new

types of films and filters. Contract 33(6l6)-262, Project 52-670A55? E.OoR. 675“209“SA”10, September 30, 1953°

Proceedings, Eighth Session, Commission Internationale de l*Eclairage.

Cambridge, England, pp 19 to 29, September 1931°

[l5 j A. Co Hardy. Handbook of Colorimetry. Cambridge, Mass. Technology

Press (1936 )o

[ 16 ]

OJ

[18]

S. M. Newhall, D. Nickerson, and D. B. Judd. Final report of the

OSA subcommittee on the spacing of the Munsell colors. J. Optical

Soc. Am. 33 , 385 (19U3)°

K. L. Kelly and D. B. Judd. The ISCC-NBS method of designating

colors and a dictionary of color names. NBS Circular C553,

November 1, 1955°

R. K. Schofield. The Lovibond Tintometer adapted by means of the

Rothamsted device to measure colours on the C.I.E. System. J. Sci.

Ins. (printed in Great Britain) 16, 7h (1939)°
••••

:

- ,

*

£•<

1

'

-

f, .

>, s
- Ill* -

0-?] Catalogue of colour measuring instruments and fused optical glass

cells. The Tintometer Ltd., The Colour Laboratory, Salisbury,

England, p. 33 (no year stated). (Representatives: Curry and

Paxton Inc., 230 Park Avenue, New lark 17, N. Y.)

[20] G. W. Haupt and F. L. Douglas. Chromaticities of Lovibond glasses.

J. Research NBS 39j H (19U7); RP 1808.

[21] D. B. Judd. Color in Business, Science, and Industry, New York,

J. Mley and Sons. pp. 13U - ll±2 (195>2).

^22^ J. W. Lovibond, Light and colour theories. London, E. & F. Spon

Ltd., p. 3h (191?).

C23] Mo K. Frehafer and C. L. Show. Tables and graphs for facilitating

the computation of spectral energy distribution by Planck’s

formula. Misc<> Pub. NBS No. 56, March 21, 1925*

[2U] Ho J. Keegan, M. A. Belknap, and D. J. Cordrey. Spectral transmissive properties of five selected optical glasses. J. Research NBS

52, 305 (195U)i RP 2503.
*“

J .
- 115 -

Appendix A

Set of the Ozalid prints of the 2k original recordings of the

visible and the near infrared spectral transmittance (liOO to 1080 millimicrons) made on a General Electric recording spectrophotometer for the

aerial and hand camera lenses and photographic filters studied in this

report* An index to the spec tr ophotometrie curves of this set are listed

in the following table, together with the dates of measurement*

Index to Appendix A

GE Graph Sheet Serial No.,

and Date Measured

Object

Nuirfrer Sample Designation

Visible Near Infrared

Spe c trurn Spe c trum

a) Rear cell, B&L Metrogon lens,

6", f/6.3, Serial No. UF-6016

GE II-lla5 GE II-H1I6

March 17, 1951*

( 2 ) Assembled, B&L Metrogon lens,

6", f/6.3. Serial No. UF-6016

(No direct measurement made)

(3) Front cell, B&L lens, 12",

f/l).5, Serial No. LF-8123

-lljl3 -110-li

March 17,

(U) Rear cell, B&L lens, 12",

f/lw5, Serial No. LF-8123

-lliLl -lljl2

March 16, 195U

(5) Assembled, B&L lens, 12",

f/U-5, Serial No. LF-8123

(No direct measurement made)

( 6) Yellow glass filter for use

with Metrogon lens, filter only

-11)17 —11)18

March 17, 1951)

(7) Yellow glass filter for use

with Metrogon lens, filter

and anti-vignetting spot

-11)17 -11)18

March 17, 1951)

( 8 ) An sco Xenon lens, £0 mm, f/2,

Serial No. 2^636^6

-1237 -1238

June 1), 1953

(9) Kodak Ektar lens, 80 mm, f/2. 8, Serial No. ET81I4L

-1188 -1189

April 20, 1953

( 10) Leitz Elmar lens, 90 mm, f/h,

Serial No. 720367

-1195 -1196

April 23, 1953

( 11 ) Leitz Summitar lens, 50 mm,

f/2. Serial No. 6031)53

-1195 -1196

April 23, 1953

( 12 ) Ansco portrait lens. No. 30,

plus 1, size 6

-1200 -1199

April 2l), 1953

(13) Ansco filter. Conversion 10,

size 5 (sample a)

-1197 -1198

April 23 and 21), 1953

Curve

Number

h

1*

h

k

5

h

3 and 2

U and 3

5 and 2

h

7
I<
- 1X7 -

I

I

Index to Appendix A (continued)

Object

Number Sample Designation

GE Graph Sheet Serial No.,

and Date Measured

Visible Near Infrared

Spectrum Spectrum

Curve

Number

(110 Ansco filter, Conner sion 11,

size 5 (sample a)

GE 11-1197 GE n-1198

April 23 and . 2k, 1953

8

(i?) Ansco filter, Conversion 10,

size 6 (sample a)

-1200 -1199

April 2*4, 1953

8

( 16) Ansco filter. Conversion 11,

size 6 (sample a)

-1200 -1199

April 2U, 1953

9

(17) Ansco filter. Conversion 10,

size 5 (sample b)

-1398 -1399

March 1, 195*4

*4

( 18 ) Ansco filter, Conversion 11,

size 5 (sample b)

-1398 -1399

March 1, 195*4

5

(19) Ansco filter. Conversion 10,

size 6 (sample b)

-1398 -1399

March 1, 195*4

6

( 20) Ansco filter. Conversion 11,

size 6 (sample b)

-1398 -1399

March 1, 195U

7

( 21) Kodak Wratten filter 80A>

series VI

-U4OO -1I4OI

March 3, 195*4

14

( 22 ) Kodak Wratten filter 85,

series VI

-II4OO -II4OI

March 3, 195*4

5

(23) Ansco filter, UV-15, size 5 -1197 -1198

April 23 and 2*4, 1953

*4

(214) Ansco filter, UV-16, size 5 -1197 -1198

April 23 and 2 I4, 1953

5

(25) Ansco filter, UV-17, size 5 -1197 -1198

April 23 and 2*;, 1953

6

(26) Ansco filter, UV-15, size 6 -1200 -1199

April 2*4, 1953

5

(27) Ansco filter, UV-16, size 6 -1200 -1199

April 2*4, 1953

6

#
i

.

< j

i
Index to Appendix A (continued)

GE Graph Sheet Serial No.,

Object

Number Sample Designation

and Date Measured

Visible Near Infrared

Spectrum Spectrum

Curve

Number

(28) Ansco filter. UV-17, size 6 GE 11-1200 GE II -1199 7

April 24, 1953

(29) An sco filter. UV-16, size 7 -1190 -1191 10

April 20, 1953

(30) Ansco filter. UV-17, size 7 -1190 -1191 9

April 20, 1953

(31) Kodak Wratten filter A, -1190 -1191 4

series VII April 20, 1953

(32) Kodak Wratten filter B, -1190 -1191 6

series VII April 20, 1953

(33) Kodak Wratten filter C5, -1190 -1191 5

series VII April 20, 1953

(34) Kodak Wratten filter N, -1190 -1191 7

series VII April 20, 1953

(35) Kodak Wratten filter Aero 2, -1190 -1191 8

series VII April 20, 1953
• ••

,
- 1U3 -

Appendix B

Tables of visible and near-infrared spectral- transmittance

data (liOO to 1080 millimicrons) of thirty-five components of lenses

and of filters used with aerial and hand cameras » Values of spectral

transmittance were read at 10 millimicron intervals from the 2h recordings in Appendix A« For the overlapping segments of the region 730 to

750 millimicrons , an average of both determinations in each case is

reported
U f:- I

: - * M
- 11*1* - Aerial-Camera Lens

»

I

Spectral Transmittance, T>, of the Rear Lens Cell, and of the Assembled Lens

(Assuming the Front Lens Cell to have the same Spectral Transmittance, Ta, as

the Rear Lens Cell) of a Bausch & Loirib Metrogon Lens, 6 inch focal length,

f/6.3. Serial No., UF-6016. (See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets

Serial No. GE II - ll*l5, -ll*l6.

)

Rear Lens Cell Assembled Lens

Wave Wave Wave Wave

Length T^ Length T^ Length T^ Length T^

ITVL up. np np

l*oo 0.765 750 0.810 1*00 0.585 750 0.656

10 .790 60 .810 10 .621* 60 .656

20 • 80l* 70 .810 20 .61*6 70 .656

30 .812 80 .809 30 .659 80 .651*

l*o .815 90 * 808 1*0 .661* 90 .653

l*5o .818 800 .807 1*50 .669 800 .651

60 .822 10 .806 60 .676 10 .650

70 .825 20 .806 70 .681 20 .650

80 .826 30 .801* 80 .682 30 .61*6

90 .828 Uo .80l* 90 .686 i*o .61*6

500 .828 850 .803 500 .686 850 .61*5

10 .828 60 .803 10 .686 60 .61*5

20 .828 70 .802 20 .686 70 .61*3

30 .828 80 .801 30 .686 80 .61*2

ho .828 90 .800 1*0 .686 90 .61*0

550 .828 900 .799 550 0 686 900 .638

60 .827 10 .799 60 .681* 10 .638

70 .826 20 .798 70 .682 20 .637

80 .825 30 .798 80 .681 30 .637

90 .821* 1*0 .797 90 .679 Uo .635

600 .823 950 .797 600 .677 950 • 635

10 .821 60 .796 10 .671* 60 .631*

20 .820 70 .796 20 .672 70 .63I*

30 .819 80 • 795 30 .671 80 .632

1*0 .818 90 .795 1*0 .669 90 .632

650 .817 1000 .791* 650 .66 7 1000 .630

60 .816 10 .79U 60 .666 10 .630

70 .816 20 .791* 70 . 666 20 .630

80 .815 30 .791* 80 . 661* 30 .630

90 .815 1*0 .791* 90 .661* 1*0 .630

700 .811* 1050 .791* 700 •663 1050 .630

10 .813 60 .791* 10 .661 60 .630

20 .813 70 .793 20 .661 70 .629

30 .812 80 .793 30 .659 80 .629

ho .811 1*0 .658

- Htf - Aerial-Camera Lens

Spectral Transmittance, of the Front Lens Cell, the Rear Lens Cell, and

of the Assembled Lens, of a Bausch & Lornb Lens, 12 inch focal length, f/U*5*

Serial No. LF-8123. (See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial

No. GE II - lip. 3, -lip.il.)

>

I

Front Lens Cell

Wave Wave

Length Length

rrpL HU

l*oo 0.759 750 0.899

10 .810 60 .898

20 • 83U 70 .895

30 .853 80 .891

Uo .866 90 00 00 00 •

1*50 .881 800 .885

60 .897 10 .882

70 .910 20 .880

80 -917 30 .876

90 -923 Uo .87U

500 .928 850 .870

10 -932 60 .868

20 .936 70 .865

30 .938 80 .862

Uo .91*0 90 . 860

550 .9h0 900 .857

60 .9la 10 -855

70 .91*0 20 .853

80 .938 30 .851

90 .931* Uo .850

600 .933 950 .8U8

10 .931 60 • 8U6

20 .928 70 .8UU

30 .926 80 CO CM • Uo -923 90 .8ia

65o .920 ]000 • 8U0

60 .917 10 .839

70 .916 20 .838

80 .916 30 .837

90 .911* Uo .837

700 .912 3050 .836

10 .910 60 .836

20 .907 70 .835

30 .905 80 .833

Uo .902

Rear Lens Cell

Wave Wave

Length Length

HU HU

1*00 0. 786 75o 0.911

10 .820 60 .907

20 .836 70 .905

30 .852 80 .903

Uo .862 90 .900

l*5o .876 800 .898

60 .891 10 .895

70 .903 20 .892

80 .912 30 .890

90 .918 Uo .887

500 .923 850 .88U

10 .928 60 .882

20 .932 70 .879

30 .935 80 .877

Uo .938 90 .871*

55o .939 900 .872

60 .91*0 10 .870

70 °939 20 .867

80 .938 30 . 866

90 .937 Uo .86U

600 .935 950 .862

10 .933 60 .859

20 .932 70 .857

30 .929 80 .856

UO .928 90 .856

65o .926 1000 .851*

60 .921* 10 .853

70 .921*

.921*

20 .852

80 30 .851

90 .923 UO .850

700 .922 1050 .850

10 .921 60 .81*9

20 .919 70 .8U8

30

UO

.915

• 913

80 • 8U6

Assembled Lens

Wave Wave

Length Length

HU iu

1*00 0.597 750 0.819

10 .66U 60 .81U

20 .697 70 .810

30 .727 80 .805

Uo .71*6 90 .799

1*50 .772 800 .795

60 .799 10 .789

70 .822 20 .785

80 .836 30 .780

90 .81*7 UO .775

500 .857 850 .769

10 .865 60 .766

20 .872 70 .760

30 .877 80 .756

Uo .882 90 .752

550 .883 900 .71*7

60 .885 10 .71*1* 70 .883 20 .71*0

80 .880 30 .737

90 .875 UO .731*

600 .872 950 .731

10 .869 60 .727

20 .865 70 .723

30 .860 80 .721

Uo .857 90 .720

65o .852 aooo .717

60 .81*7 10 ,716

70 • 8U6 20 .711*

80 .81*6 30

UO

.712

90 .8UU .711

700 .8ia 1050 .711

10 .838 60 .710

20 .831* 70 .708

30

UO

.828

.821*

80 .705

9

Aerial-Camera Filter

Spectral Transmittance, T^, of a Yellow Glass Filter for use with the Bausch &

Loub Metrogon Lens* (See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No#

GE II - ll|17, -ll|l8.)

Filter Only Filter and Anti-Vignetting,

Neutral-Density Film

Wave

Length

mp.

Wave

Length

. ay. _

Wave

Length

- gy_...

Wave

Length

up. T

x

l*oo 0*000 750 0.800 1*00 0*000 750 0.1*72*

10 .000 60 .795 10 *000 60 *1i69*

20 *000 70 .789 20 *000 70 *a66*

30 o 000 80 .783 30 *000 80 .1*63*

ao *000 90 o777 ao *000 90 *1;60*

Wo oOOQ 800 o771 l*5o *000 800 *as>8*

60 *000 10 .765 60 *000 10 •a56*

70 *000 20 .760 70 *000 20 .1*53*

80 .000 30 .751* 80 *000 30 .1*50*

90 *000 ao .750 90 *000 1*0 *li8*

5oo .021* 850 .71*1* 500 .oil* 850 .1*1*5*

10 *312 60 <>739 10 .171* 60 .aaa*

20 *568 70 .731* 20 .315 70 *aai*

30 .651* 80 o729 30 .365 80 .1*39*

hO .701* 90 .721* ao o393 90 .a3&*

550 CO f^ 0 0 900 *720 550 .1*13 900 .1*37*

60 .766 10 .716 60 .1*30 10 *a36*

70 .787 20 *712 70 *aa3 20 <,a3a*

80 .806 30 o709 80 oh$k 30 , —

90 .819 1*0 .706 90 *a62 ao —

600 .829 950 • 703 600 .1*67 950 —

10 .835 60 *700 10 .1*72 60 —

20 .81*0 70 .698 20 .1*75 70

30 .81*2 80 *696 30 .1*77 80 O9C0 1*0 .81*3 90 *69a ao .1*79 90 —

650 .81*2 1000 .692 650 .1*79 1000 —

60 .81*1 10 .690 60 .1*80 10 —

70 .839 20 *688 70 .1*81 20 wo

80 .836 30 *688 80 .1*81 30 —

90 .831 ao .687 90 .1*79 ao —

700 .827 1050 *686 700 .1*77 1050 —

10 .822 60 *686 10 .1*75 60 —

20 .817 70 .685 20 .1*71* 70 —

30 .811 80 068a 30 •a75* 80

l+o .806 ao .1*73* * Adjusted values

- 1U7 - Hand-Camera Lens

Spectral Transmittance, T^, of an Ansco Xenon Lens, $0 millimeter focal length,

f/2, Serial No<> 2563656,, (See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial

No* GE II - 1237, -1238o)

»

Wave Wave

Length

ny,

Tx Length

ny

T

x

1*00 Oo685 750 0.782

10 .718 60 • 779

20 • 739 70 • 777

30 .756 80 .771*

Uo • 770 90 • 771

l*5o .782 800 .768

60 •792 10 .766

70 .801 20 .763

80 .809 30 .761

90 .816 Uo .758

500 .820 85o .756

10 . 82U 60 .753

20 .826 70 .751

30 .828 80 .750

ho .828 90 .71*8

550 .829 900 .71*7

60 .829 10 .71*7

70 .828 20 ~

80 .825 30 CJO 90 .823 Uo aoc» 600 .821 950

10 .819 60 —

20 .817 70 —

30 .811* 80

Uo .811 90 «*CD 650 .808 1000 «.» 60 .805 10

70 . 80U 20

80 .801 30

90 • 799 Uo —

700 .798 1050

10 .795 60 K» O

20 • 792 70 —

30 .788 80 —

Uo . 78U
. ii K ; ' : —h v - ' ' ’ ' v v , 

. •: -i -

... ,

:• • . .
- li*8 -

Hand-Camera Lens %

Spectral Transmittance* T^. of an Eastman Kodak Ektar Lens, 80 millimeter

focal length* f/2<>8, Serial No. ET8lliL. (See Index to Appendix A, and GE

Graph Sheets Serial No. GE II - 1188, -1189.)

Wave Wave

Length Length

Uoo 0.661 750 0.905

10 .709 60 .901*

20 .71*1 70 .901

30 .767 80 .899

Uo .785 90 .896

U5o .805 800 .891*

6o .825 10 .891

70 .81)1 20 .888

80 .855 30 .886

90 .868 Uo .882

500 .880 850 .880

10 .890 60 .877

20 .898 70 .875

30 .901* 80 .872

ho .910 90 .870

55o .911* 900 .867

6o .916 10 .865

70 .919 20 .861

80 .920 30 .859

90 .921 Uo .857

600 .923 950 .851*

10 .921* 60 .853

20 .921* 70 .851

30 .921* 80 .81*8

Uo .923 90 .81*5

65o .922 1000 .81*3

60 .922 10 .81*2

70 .920 20 .81*0

80 .918 30 .839

90 .918 Uo .835

700 .915 1050 .835

10 .911* 60 .833

20 .911 70 .832

30 .910 80 .831

Uo .907
\1.

i! I

J

^

f

• .

• r

' "

-T

. r

e:
- 11*9 - Hand-Camera Lens

t

Spectral Transmittance, T-^, of an E. Leitz Umar Lens, 90 millimeter focal

length, f/Uy Serial No. 720367, and an E. Leitz Summdtar Lens, 50 millimeter

focal length, f/2, Serial No* 603U53- (See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph

Sheets Serial No. GE II - 1195* -1196.)

Elmar Lens Surmaitar Lens

Wave Wave Wave Wave

Length Length Length Length

up Bp. up 2Tp

Uoo 0.671* 750 0.903 1*00 0.627 75o 0.827

10 .701* 60 o903 10 .676 60 .826

20 • 721* 70 .902 20 ,709 70 .82U

30 .71*0 80 .901 30 .731* 80 .820

Uo .751* 90 .900 Uo • 751* 90 .818

.770 800 .899 1*50 .770 800 .811*

60 .785 10 .897 60 .785 10 .812

70 .797 20 .896 70 .799 20 .809

80 .808 30 .895 80 .812 30 .806

90 .8X9 Uo .893 90 .822 Uo O-=t CO . 5oo .830 850 .891 5oo .830 850 .800

10 .838 60 .890 10 .838 60 .798

20 08U8 70 .888 20 .8UU 70 .795

30 .851* 80 .886 30 .8U8 80 .792

Uo .861 90 .886 Uo .851 90 .789

55o 0 868 900 .88U 550 .851* 900 .788

60 .871* 10 .882 60 .856 10 .785

70 .879 20 .880 70 ,857 20 .782

80 .882 30 .878 80 .857 30 .780

90 *886 Uo .877 90 .856 Uo .779

600 .889 950 .875 600 .855 950 .777

10 .892 60 .873 10 .851* 60 .771*

20 .895 70 .871 20 .853 70 .771

30 .896 80 .870 30 .850 80 .769

h0 .899 90 .868 Uo .850 90 .767

650 .900 1000 .867 650 .8U8 1000 .766

60 *901 10 .865 60 .8U6 10 .761*

70 .901* 20 086U 70 .8UU 20 .762

80 .901* 30 .863 80 .81*2 30 .761

90 .905 UO .860 90 .81*0 Uo .759

700 .905 1050 .858 700 .838 1050 .758

10 .906 60 .857 10 .836 60 .757

20 .906 70 .856 20 .831* 70 .756

30 .906 80 .855 30 .832 80 .751*

h0 .901* Uo .830

i

«=> l$0 “ Hand^Camera Supplementary Lens

Spectral Transmittance, T^, of an Ansco No® 30 Portrait Lens, Plus 1, Size 6.

(See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No® GE II - 1200, -1199*)

No® 30 Portrait Lens

Plus 1,

Wave

Length

It\L

Size 6

Wave

Length

^ , T

x

Uoo 0®912 75o 0.912

10 ®912 60 .912

20 ®912 70 .912

30 .911* 80 .911

Uo .911* 90 ®9H

l*5o .915 800 .911

60 .916 10 .910

70 .918 20 .910

80 .918 30 .910

90 .918 Uo .910

5oo .918 850 .909

10 .918 60 .909

20 .918 70 .908

30 .918 80 .908

Uo .918 90 .907

55o .918 900 .907

60 .918 10 .906

70 .918 20 .906

80 .918 30 .906

90 0O

r— 6 On1 1*0 .906

600 *917 950 .906

10 .916 60 .906

20 .916 70 .906

30 .915 80 .906

k0 .915 90 .906

650 .915 1000 .906

60 .911* 10 .907

70 .911* 20 .907

80 . 91U 30 .907

90 .913 Uo .907

700 .913 io5o .907

10 .911* 60 .907

20 .913 70 .907

30 o912 80 .907

Uo o912

I

- 151 - Hand-Camera Filters

Spectral Transmittance, T^, of an Ansco Filter, Conversion 10, Size 5

(sample a), and an Ansco Filter, Conversion 11, Size 5 (sample a)* (See

Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No. GE II - 1197, -1198.)

Conversion 10 Conversion 11

Size 5 Size 5

Wave

Length

rrp

(sample a)

Wave

Length

up. T

x

Wave

Length

up, __

(sample a)

Wave

Length

- ^ . _

l*oo 0.683 750 0o701 1*00 0.150 750 0.856

10 »717 60 .763 10 ol33 60 .851

20 .71)0 70 .800 20 ol30 70 .81*9

30 .71*7 80 CXD CM CM • 30 . 11*1 80 08U6

Uo .71*2 90 .831 1*0 .161* 90 .81*3

1*50 .726 800 .835 l*5o .202 800 .81*0

60 o?07 10 .835 60 .255 10 .837

70 .667 20 .831* 70 .311* 20 .831*

80 .602 30 .831 80 .369 30 .831

90 .533 ho .830 90 .1*20 Uo .830

5oo .1*85 850 .827 500 .1*56 85o .827

10 .U2U 60 .826 10 <-U7U 60 .826

20 .318 70 .821* 20 .1*82 70 .821*

30 .236 80 .821 30 .1*95 80 .821

Uo .251 90 .820 Uo .525 90 .819

55o .360 900 .820 550 .558 900 .817

6o .UU5 10 .819 60 .595 10 .815

70 .1*50 20 .817 70 .61*9 20 .811*

80 .1*23 30 .816 80 .728 30 .812

90 «391 Uo .815 90 o80l| Uo .811

600 .31*0 950 .811* 600 .852 950 .810

10 .276 60 .813 10 .875 60 .810

20 .216 70 .811 20 .883 70 .809

30 ol92 80 .810 30 .885 80 .807

Uo <>210 90 .810 ho .883 90 0

CD O

65o .211* 1000 .809 65o .883 1000 .806

60 .189 10 .809 60 .880 10 .805

70 .159 20 .809 70 .879 20 .805

80 ol31 30 .808 80 .876 30 .805

90 ol72 1*0 .808 90 .871* Uo .801*

700 o309 1050 .808 700 .870 1050 .803

10 .1*35 60 .807 10 .869 60 .803

20 .510 70 .807 20 .865 70 .802

30 .573 80 .807 30 .861 80 .802

Uo .63U hO .858

»

- 152 - Hand-Camera Filters

Spectral Transmittance* Ta, of an Ansco Filter, Con-version 10, Size 6

(sample a), and an Ansco Filter, Conversion H, Size 6 (sample a)* (See

Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No» GE II - 1200, -1199*)

Conversion 10 Conversion 11

Wave

Length

HVL

Size 6

(sample a)

Wave

Length

n*i

Wave

Length

Size 6

(sample a)

Wave

Length

iq*

1*00 0.676 750 0.695 1*00 0.11*1 750 0.851*

10 .708 60 .757 10 .126 60 .850

20 o72? 70 o791 20 .125 70 o81*6

30 .735 80 .810 30 .135 80 <,81*1* 1*0 • 730 90 .817 1*0 .158 90 -=r0

CO 0

l*5o o7n 800 .821 l*5o ol99 800 .837

60 0686 10 .821 60 .250 10 .831*

70 .650 20 .819 70 .305 20 .831

80 .585 30 .817 80 .360 30 .828

90 .506 1*0 .815 90 .1*11 1*0 .825

5oo .1*51* 850 .812 5oo • 1*1*9 850 <r\ 00 CM « 10 <>391 60 .810 10 .1*67 60 .821

20 .282 70 .808 20 o 1*71* 70 .817

30 •199 80 .805 30 <>1*88 80 .815

1*0 .2X6 90 .801* 1*0 .516 90 .813

55o .331 900 .801 550 .551 900 .810

60 ".1*25 10 .800 60 .588 10 .809

70 .1*38 20 • 797 70 o61*3 20 .807

80 .1*12 30 .796 80 • 723 30 .806

90 CO CM 0 1*0 .796 90 .802 ko .805

600 • 33

950 .795 600 .853 950 0 80l*

10 0 266 60 .791* 10 .875 60 .802

20 o20? 70 • 792 20 .882 70 .802

30 .181 80 • 791 30 .883 80 .801

Uo ol97 90 • 790 1*0 o883 90 .800

65o O 202 1000 o790 650 o883 1000 .800

60 .180 10 .789 60 .879 10 • 799

70 .151 20 .788 70 .879 20 .798

80 <>122 30 .787 80 .876 30 <>797

90 .159 1*0 .787 90 .873 1*0 • 797

700 .286 1050 .787 700 o869 1050 .796

10 .1*07 60 .787 10 0868 60 .796

20 .1*93 70 .788 20 0866 70 .796

30 .569 80 • 790 30 .861 80 .796

1*0 .633 1*0 .859
. ' - '-s

-
- 153 -

Hand-Camera Filters

I

Spectral Transmittance, T-^, of an Ansco Filter, Conversion 10, Size 5

(sample b), and an Ansco Filter, Conversion 11, Size 5 (sample b). (See

Indeac to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No. GE II - 1398, -1399.)

Conversion 10

Size 5

(sample b)

Wave Wave

Length Length

ItyL ITU

1*00 0.681 75o 0.707

10 .717 60 .761

20 .738 70 .800

30 .71*6 80 .823

ho *71*0 90 .833

Conversion 11

Size 5

(sample b)

Wave Wave

Length

HU

h Length

nu

1*00 0.150 750 0.858

10 <>133 60 .855

20 0130 70 .852

30 .137 80 .850

ao .158 90 o8U6

a^o • 723 800 .837

60 .700 10 .837

70 0666 20 .837

80 .600 30 .835

90 e?32 ao .833

1*50 .200 800 .81*1* 60 .250 10 .81*1

70 .308 20 .838

80 .363 30 .835

90 .1*12 1*0 . 832

500 .1*86 8£0 .831

10 .1*27 60 .828

20 .318 70 .827

30 .231* 80 .826

ao .256 90 . 82l*

500 . 1*50 85o .831

10 .1*70 60 . 828

20 .1*76 70 .826

30 .1*90 80 . 825

1*0 ,520 90 . 822

550 .367 900 .822

60 .1*1*9 10 .820

70 .1*50 20 .818

80 .1*23 30 .816

90 .390 ao .815

600 .336 950 .811*

10 .271* 60 .811*

20 .215 70 .813

30 .191* 80 .813

ao .210 90 .812

550 .551* 900 .820

60 .592 10 .819

70 .61*9 20 .817

80 .731 30 .816

90 .808 1*0 .815

600 .851* 950 .811*

10 .875 60 .813

20 . 881* 70 . 812

30 .885 80 .811

1*0 .885 90 .810

650 .211* 1000 .812

60 .188 10 .812

70 .158 20 .810

80 .131* 30 .8X0

90 .173 ao .810

650 . 881* 1000 . 810

60 .882 10 .809

70 .880 20 .809

80 .877 30 .809

90 . 871* 1*0 . 809

700 .311 1050 .810

10 .1*39 60 .810

20 .513 70 .810

30

ao

.571*

.635

80 .810

700 .872 1050 .809

10 .869 60 .809

20 .866 70 .809

30 .861* 80 .809

1*0 862

- 15U -

Hand-Camera Filters

Spectral Transmittance, T

Xi of an Ansco Filter, Conversion 10, Size 6

(sample b), and an Ansco Filter, Conversion 11, Size 6 (sample b). (See

Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No» GE II - 1398, -1399.)

Conversion 10

Size 6

(sample b)

Wave Wave

Length T

x

Length T

x

1*00 0.678 750 0o707

10 .706 60 .761

20 .729 70 .793

30 .736 80 .813

hO o730 90 .820

l*5o • Til 800 .822

60 0686 10 .822

70 o6U9 20 .821

80 .580 30 .817

90 .505 Uo .816

5oo .1*51* 85o .811*

10 .391 60 .811

20 .281* 70 .810

30 ol99 80 .807

ho o219 90 .805

550 .339 900 .801*

6o .1*26 10 .801

70 oU38 20 o7 99

80 .1*09 30 .799

90 .377 Uo .796

600 .325 950 .795

10 .262 60 .791*

20 .201* 70 .791*

30 .183 80 .793

1*0 .197 90 .792

650 o200 1000 .791

60 o!79 10 .790

70 .150 20 .790

80 .125 30 .789

90 .160 Uo .789

700 .281* 1050 <>790

10 .1*10 60 .790

20 .1*99 70 .790

30 .571* 80 o791

Uo o632*

Conversion 11

Size 6

(sample b)

Wave Wave

Length Length

1*00 0.11*6 750 0.853

10 ol31 60 .851

20 .128 70 „8U8

30 ol37 80 08U6

Uo .158 90 .81*2

U5o o200 800 .838

60 .250 10 .835

70 .308 20 .832

80 .363 30 .829

90 .1*12 UO .826

500 .1*50 850 .821*

10 .1*67 60 .8a

20 oU7U 70 .819

30 .1*90 80 .817

UO .520 90 .815

550 .551* 900 .813

60 .592 10 .811

70 .61*9 20 .810

80 c731 30 .809

90 .808 Uo .807

600 .851* 950 .805

10 .871* 60 .805

20 .880 70 .801*

30 .882 80 .803

uo .882 90 .802

650 .880 1000 .801

60 .878 10 .800

70 .876 20 .800

80 .873 30 .800

90 .870 Uo .800

700 .867 1050 .800

10 086U 60 .800

20 .862 70 .800

30 .860 80 .800

1*0 .856

** 155 ~ Hand- Camera Filters

»

i

i

Spectral Transmittance, of an Eastman Kodak Filter, Wratten 80A, Series VI,

and an Eastman Kodak Filter, Wratten 85, Series VI, (See Index to Appendix A,

and GE Graph Sheets Serial No„ GE II * lUOO, -lUOlo)

Wratten 80A

Series VI

Wave Wave

Length Length TX

znp.

. m.

1*00 0.639 750 0.51*9

10 o702 60 O 66o

20 .71*2 70 .735

30 .751 80 .790

Uo .736 90 .827

1*50 <>709 800 .81*7

60 0666 10 ,858

70 .616 20 ,866

80 .558 30 0 8oo 90 .1*92 Uo O

oo 5oo .1*32 850 .871

10 o372 60 .872

20 .321* 70 .873

30 .281* 80 .873

Uo .256 90 .873

55o ,232 900 .873

6o .218 10 .872

70 .211* 20 .872

80 .216 30 .872

90 .221* Uo .872

600 .225 950 .872

10 .216 60 .872

20 .195 70 .871

30 ol66 80 .871

Uo .11*5 90 .870

650 .131* 1000 .870

60 .128 10 .870

70 .121* 20 o869

80 .115 30 .869

90 .105 1*0 0868

700 .106 1050 .870

10 .128 60 .870

20 .181* 70 .871

30 .296 80 .871

Uo .1*21

Wratten 85

Series VI

Wave Wave

Length

up, ?X Length

np

TX

1*00 0.01*1 750 0.896

10 .152 60 .896

20 .21*7 70 .895

30 ,292 80 .893

Uo o319 90 .892

1*50 .336 800 .891

60 .361 10 .890

70 o390 20 .889

80 .1*12 30 0888

90 .1*35 Uo .887

500 .1*51* 850 <,886

10 .1*55 60 .885

20 .1*1*9 70 088U

30 .1*52 80 088U

Uo 0U6U 90 088U

550 0U86 900 .882

60 .51*9 10 .882

70 .656 20 .881

80 o771 30 .880

90 .81*2 UO .880

600 .876 950 .880

10 .891 60 .880

20 .899 70 .879

30 0 900 80 .879

UO o902 90 .878

650 <>902 1000 .877

60 o902 10 .877

70 „902 20 .876

80 o903 30 .876

90 ,900 UO .876

700 o900 1050 .877

10 .899 60 .877

20 .898 70 .877

30

Uo

.898

.897

80 .877
,

i

‘ i

• ,'• J

...

'

'

' fr ”,- ‘ -

>.

.= V.

• ._•*

, li.

; \ :

•".V

•

i

v

'

. *

-

- • . -

-

1

'

. \

-

- .

* •:

' ",
- 156 - Hand-Camera Filters

Spectral Transmittance, T

x> of an Ansco Filter, UV-15, Size 5* of an Ansco

Filter, UV-16, Size 5* and of an Ansco Filter, UV-17, Size 5° (See Index to

Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No, GE II - 1197* -1198,)

»

i

uv-15 uv-16 uv-17

Wave

Length

irp.

Size 5

Wave

Length

mi

T

x

Wave

Length

Size 5

Wave

Length T

x

Wave

Length

up,

Size

Tx

i 5

Wave

Length

up, Tx

iiOO 0.658 750 0.850 1*00 0.365 750 0.850 1*00 0.197 750 0.856

10 ,662 60 ,8U6 10 .51*6 60 ,8U6 10 .397 60 .851

20 .679 70 . 8UU 20 .686 70 0 8UU 20 .601 70 • 8U9

30 .708 80 .81*0 30 .765 80 .81*0 30 .725 80 ,8U6

Uo .731* 90 .837 UO .806 90 .837 UO .792 90 .81*3

l*5o • 770 800 .831* l*5o .836 800 .831* 1*50 .831 800 .81*0

60 .805 10 .831 60 .855 10 .831 60 .855 10 .837

70 .835 20 .826 70 .869 20 .826 70 .869 20 .831*

80 .857 30 .821* 80 .878 30 .621* 80 .878 30 .831

90 .872 uo .822 90 ,88U Uo .822 90 • 88U Uo .830

5oo .883 850 .819 5oo .890 850 .819 500 .890 850 .827

10 .891 60 .816 10 .895 60 .816 10 .895 60 .826

20 .895 70 .811* 20 .896 70 .811* 20 .896 70 .821*

30 .898 80 .811 30 .898 80 .811 30 .898 80 .821

Uo .899 90 .809 uo .899 90 .809 uo .899 90 .819

550 ,900 900 .808 550 .900 900 .808 550 .900 900 .817

60 .900 10 .805 60 ,900 10 .805 60 ,900 10 .815

70 .898 20 .805 70 .898 20 .805 70 .898 20 .811*

80 .897 30 .803 80 .897 30 .803 80 .897 30 .812

90 .895 Uo .801 90 .895 Uo .801 90 .895 Uo .811

600 .893 950 .800 600 .893 950 .800 600 .893 950 .810

10 .891 60 .800 10 .891 60 .800 10 .891 60 .810

20 .887 70 .798 20 .888 70 .798 20 .890 70 .809

30 .88U 80 o797 30 .885 80 .797 30 ,886 80 .807

Uo .881 90 .796 UO .883 90 .796 Uo ,88U 90 .807

650 .879 1000 .796 650 .880 1000 .796 650 .883 1000 .806

6o .876 10 .795 60 .878 10 .795 60 .880 10 .805

70 .871* 20 .791* 70 .875 20 .791* 70 .879 20 .805

80 .871 30 .791* 80 .872 30 .791* 80 .876 30 .805

90 .868 Uo • 793 90 .869 Uo • 793 90 .871* Uo .801*

700 .865 1050 • 793 700 .866 1050 • 793 700 .870 1050 .803

10 .863 60 • 793 10 .863 60 • 793 10 .869 60 .803

20 .860 70 • 792 20 .860 70 • 792 20 ,865 70 .802

30 .856 80 • 792 30 .856 80 • 792 30 .661 80 .802

Uo .855 Uo .855 UO .858

I

- 157 -

Hand-Camera Filters

Spectral Transmittance, Ta, of an Ansco Filter, UV-15* Size 6, of an Ansco

Filter, UV-16, Size 6, ana of an Ansco Filter s UV-17* Size 6, (See Index to

Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No, GE II - 1200, -1199*)

uv-15

Size 6

Wave Wave

Length Length

up.

LtOO 0.697 750 0.851

10 .706 60 08U8

20 • 719 70 0 8UU

30 .71*0 80 08U1

Uo .760 90 E

• OO 0 U5o .781 800 .833

60 .816 10 .831

70 o 838 20 .828

80 .856 30 .825

90 .869 Uo .822

5oo .879 850 .820

10 0886 60 .817

20 .891 70 .815

30 .895 80 .812

ho .898 90 .810

550 o900 900 0

CO 0

60 o901 10 .806

70 o900 20 .801*

80 .899 30 .801*

90 .897 1*0 .802

6oo .895 950 CO 0 10 .892 60 .800

20 .889 70 .798

30 .887 80 .797

1*0 .883 90 .796

650 .883 1000 .796

60 .879 10 .795

70 .878 20 .795

80 .871* 30 .791*

90 .871 Uo .791*

700 «868 1050 .791*

10 .867 60 .791*

20 .862 70 • 791

30 .858 80 • 790

Uo .851*

UV-16

Size 6

Wave Wave

Length Length

up. np,

1*00 0.285 750 0.855

10 .U7U 60 .851

20 0636 70 .8U7

30 .735 80 0 8UU

Uo .785 90 0 8U0

1*50 .82U 800 .837

60 08U8 10 083U

70 .862 20 .831

80 .87U 30 .828

90 .881 uo .825

500 .88? 850 .823

10 .893 60 .821

20 .897 70 .817

30 .899 80 .815

UO o901 90 .813

550 o902 900 .810

60 o9Q2 10 .809

70 o901 20 .807

80 .899 30 .806

90 .897 Uo .805

600 .895 95o .80U

10 .892 60 .802

20 0889 70 .802

30 .887 80 .801

Uo .883 90 .800

65o .883 1000 .800

60 . 879 10 • 799

70 .879 20 .798

80 .876 30 • 797

90 .873 Uo • 797

700 0 869 1050 .796

10 0868 60 .796

20 0866 70 .796

30 .861 80 .796

Uo o858

UV-17

Size 6

Wave Wave

Length Length

mp. np. Uoo 0„210 750 0.855

10 .U01 60 .852

20 .591 70 .8U8

30 • 717 80 .8U6

Uo .785 90 .8U2

U5o .82U 800 .839

60 .850 10 .836

70 0866 20 .833

80 .875 30 .831

90 *88U Uo .828

500 .889 850 .826

10 .893 60 .823

20 .897 70 .821

30 .899 80 ,818

Uo o901 90 .816

550 *902 900 ,8lU

60 ,902 10 .812

70 ,902 20 .811

80 ,902 30 .810

90 .899 UO .808

600 .898 950 ,808

10 .895 60 .807

20 .892 70 .806

30 .889 80 .80U

uo 0886 90 .802*

65o o 885 1000 .803

60 .882 10 .803

70 0 88l 20 .801

80 .877 30 .801

90 .875 uo co © 700 .871 1050 .801

10 .870 60 .801

20 0 866 70 .801

30 .861 80 .801

Uo ,858
J

-
- 158 - Hand-Camera Filters

Spectral Transmittance, T^, of an Ansco Filter, UV-16, Size 7> and of an

An sco Filter, UV-=17* Size 7. (See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets

Serial No, GE II - 1190, -1191.)

UV-16 UV-17

Size 7 Size 7

Wave

Length

up

\

Wave

Length

up

T

x

Wave

Length ?x

Wave

Length

up

TX

l*oo 0.298 750 0.809 1*00 0.150 750 0.818

10 .1*96 60 .802 10 .31*9 60 .811

20 .671 70 <>797 20 .573 70 .806

30 .761* 80 o791 30 .713 80 .801

ho .812 90 .787 Uo .781* 90 .796

l*5o .8UU 800 .782 1*50 .825 800 o791

60 .861 10 .776 60 .850 10 .786

70 .873 20 o772 70 ,865 20 .782

80 .881 30 .767 80 .875 30 .777

90 0886 1*0 .763 90 .881 1*0 .773

5oo .890 850 .760 500 .885 850 0

c— t— 0 10 .892 60 .756 10 ,888 60 .766

20 .893 70 .752 20 .890 70 .763

30 .893 80 .71*8 30 .891 80 .760

1*0 .893 90 .71*6 1*0 .893 90 .757

55o .893 900 .71*3 550 .893 900 .751*

60 .892 10 .71*0 60 .893 10 .751

70 .891 20 .738 70 .893 20 .71*8

80 0888 30 .736 80 .892 30 .71*7

90 *8814 1*0 .733 90 .890 Uo .71*5

600 .881 950 o732 600 ,886 950 .71*2

10 .878 60 o730 10 .883 60 .71*1

20 .875 70 .728 20 .879 70 .71*1

30 o869 80 .726 30 .876 80 .71*0

1*0 .861* 90 .726 1*0 .871 90 .737

650 .859 1000 .725 650 ,866 1000 .737

60 .855 10 .721* 60 .861 10 .736

70 .851 20 .721* 70 .859 20 .736

80 .81*7 30 .721* 80 .855 30 .736

90 .81*2 1*0 ,722 90 .850 1*0 .731*

700 .836 1050 0 721 700 ,81*1* 1050 .731*

10 .831 60 o720 10 .839 60 .731

20 .826 70 a 719 20 .832 70 .731

30 .819 80 .719 30 .827 80 .731

llO .812* 1*0 .822
' J
- 159 -

I

1

Hand-Camera Filters

Spectral Transmittance , T^, of an Eastman Kodak Filter , Wratten A, Series VII,

of an Eastman Kodak Filter, Wratten B, Series VH, and of an Eastman Kodak

Filter, Wratten C5, Series VII. (See Index to Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets

Serial No. GE II - 1190, -1191.)

i

l

Wratten A Wratten B Wratten C5

Series VII Series VII Series VII

Wave

Length

ny

Tx

Wave

Length

uy. T

x Wave

Length

iry

Tx

Wave

Length

ny

Tx

Wave

Length Tx

Wave

Length

ny

Tx

i*oo 0.000 750 0.860 uoo OoOOO 750 0.362 uoo 0o073 750 0.071

10 e 000 60 .858 10 oOOO 60 .533 10 .181 60 .198

20 .000 70 o8?6 20 oOOO 70 .652 20 .351t 70 .31*3

30 oOOO 80 .855 30 oOOO 80 .728 30 .U60 80 • U8U

Uo oOOO 90 .853 Uo oOOO 90 .782 Uo 0U88 90 .608

uso .000 800 .850 1450 oOOO 800 .816 l*5o .1*70 800 .692

60 oOOO 10 08U8 60 oOOO 10 .8ia 60 .1*21 10 .752

70 oOOO 20 08U6 70 oOOO 20 o856 70 °337 20 .790

80 oOOO 30 08U6 80 oOlO 30 0866 80 <>272 30 .816

90 oOOO Uo .8143 90 .055 UO .871 90 .188 uo .832

5oo oOOO 850 .81*2 500 .205 850 .876 500 .112 850 .81*3

10 .000 6o .81*0 10 . 1*28 60 .877 10 .052 60 .850

20 oOOO 70 .837 20 .551 70 .880 20 .018 70 .851*

30 oOOO 80 o836 30 .5514 80 .880 30 o002 80 .859

Uo oOOO 90 .835 Uo 0 U86 90 .881 Uo .000 90 .861

550 oOOO 900 .8314 550 .386 900 .881 550 .000 900 .862

60 oOOO 10 .832 60 o2?9 10 .881 60 oOOO 10 .86U

70 oOOO 20 .831 70 ol79 20 .881 70 oOOO 20 .865

80 oOOO 30 .831 80 o090 30 .882 80 .000 30 0866

90 .115 Uo .830 90 . 031* Uo .882 90 .000 Uo .866

600 .536 950 .829 600 .010 950 .882 600 .000 950 .867

10 .760 60 .828 10 oOOO 60 .882 10 .000 60 .867

20 .821 70 .827 20 oOOO 70 0 882 20 oOOO 70 .867

30 .8141 80 .826 30 oOOO 80 .882 30 oOOO 80 .867

Uo .850 90 .826 Uo oOOO 90 .882 Uo .000 90 .867

650 .855 1000 .825 650 oOOO 1000 .882 650 oOOO 1000 .867

60 .859 10 .825 60 .000 10 .882 60 .000 10 .867

70 .862 20 .825 70 oOOO 20 .882 70 .000 20 .867

80 086U 30 .825 80 oOOO 30 .882 80 .000 30 .867

90 .8614 UO .825 90 oOOO Uo .881 90 oOOO Uo .867

700 0864 1050 . 82I4 700 oOOO 1050 .881 700 .000 1050 .867

10 086U 60 .822 10 oOOO 60 .881 10 .000 60 .867

20 .862 70 .819 20 o019 70 .880 20 oOOO 70 .867

30 .862 80 .819 30 .097 80 .880 30 .001* 80 .867

Uo .861 Uo o221 Uo .021*

»

- 160 - Hand-Camera Filters

I

i

I

Spectral Transmittance, T^, of an Eastman Kodak Filter, Wratten N, Series VII,

and of an Eastman Kodak Filter, Wratten Aero 2, Series VII, (See Index to

Appendix A, and GE Graph Sheets Serial No. GE II - 1190, °1191*>

)

Wratten N

Series VII

Wave Wave

Length

nu

Length

1*00 0,000 750 0.102

10 • 000 60 .250

20 o 000 70 <>38U

30 .000 80 .1*97

ho .000 90 .590

1*50 o 000 800 .655

60 .000 10 .705

70 oOOO 20 o727

80 .006 30 .71*6

90 0 o ho .756

5oo .205 850 .759

10 .360 60 .768

20 oli36 70 o771

30 .1*32 80 .772

1*0 o370 90 o772

55o .281* 900 o772

60 ol90 10 o7?2

70 .107 20 .772

80 o050 30 o772

90 .018 1*0 o772

600 .001 950 .771

10 o00Q 60 .771

20 oOOO 70 o771

30 oOOO 80 .771

1*0 ,000 90 *770

650 oOOO 1000 o770

60 0 000 10 o770

70 .000 20 .770

80 .000 30 .769

90 .000 ItO .769

700 .000 1050 .767

10 oOOO 60 .767

20 oOOO 70 .767

30 o0014 80 .76?

ho .031*

Wratten Aero 2

Series VII

Wave Wave

Length TX Length IV

1*00 0.000 750 0.865

10 .000 60 .862

20 .000 70 .861

30 • 000 80 .859

uo .000 90 .857

1*50 .000 800 .855

60 .000 10 .852

70 .020 20 .851

80 .131 30 .850

90 .31*0 Uo .81*7

500 .51*5 85o .81*7

10 .671* 60 0 8hh

20 .71*2 70 .81*2

30 o?79 80 .810.

1*0 .801* 90 9

co &

550 .8a 900 .838

60 .836 10 .837

70 .81*8 20 .836

80 .857 30 .836

90 086I4 ho .835

600 ,868 950 .835

10 .872 60 .833

20 .871* 70 .832

30 .875 80 .831

I4O .871* 90 .831

650 .871* 1000 .831

60 .875 10 .831

70 .875 20 .830

80 .875 30 .829

90 .873 1*0 .829

700 .872 1050 .828

10 .871 60 .828

20 .870 70 .827

30 .868 80 .827

hO .866
-

.

.

•
- 161 CO

Appendix C

Copies of the four requests authorizing the studies on the

aerial- and hand-camera lenses and filters herein reported are included

in this appendix together with other information on the disposition of

the data* It will be noted that some of the camera lenses , both aerial

and hand, could not be measured on the presently unmodified General

Electric recording spec trophotometer 0 The unsuitable size of the optical

elements or of the mounts of the camera lenses interfered with either the

optical path of the light beam through the sample or with the comparison

light beam of the instrument*.
:

- •
- 162 -

The following are copies of the original work requests received from

Dr® O'Neill for hand-camera lenses and filters. Also included are copies

of the WADC telegram requesting measurements of the aerial-camera lenses

and filters* together with the NBS answer* and NBS notes on both of these

matters

.

*****

Serial Number 2=1 WADC-17/53 (A) April 20, 1953

"Spec trophotometric curves of filters* lenses* etc 0 for use with

Hasselblad, Karomat* Speedex* Viking and other cameras”. *****

Serial Number 2,1 WADC-17/53 (B) July 13, 1953

11 Spec trophotometrie curves of the filters accompanying Fr, Dutilly 9 s Hasselblad camera on dear Ozacbrome cellulose acetate* These filters are 5 UV 16, UV 17* Aero 2 (yellow)* Wratten A (red)* Green B* Green N* Blue C-5»

Also on Ozacbrome cellulose acetate clear* a considerable number of spectrophotometric curves which you have already determined and which are of

sufficient importance to justify making duplicates on this transparent

medium for the purpose of comparison on a light- table ”0

"This request may be considered as duplicating a previous request.

It is sent to make clearer what we need* if such clarification is necessary.

If not* this request should be destroyed”. *****

Mote JCS to HJK September 16* 1953

“One set of each of the single and the double Ozachromes given to

Dr* O'Neill. Dr. O'Neill also has four sets of double Ozalids of two

double sheets of lenses and filters* GE II-1188, - 1189* -H90* and -1191”

*****

Serial Number 2.1 WADC-17/53 (C) February 2$, 195U

"Please determine the spec trophotometric curves of the following filters

which will be used in experimental photography for WADC in the near futures

Two conversion filters No, 10 Anseo* Series V and VI; and two conversion

filters No. 11 Anseo* Series V and VX. These are herewith. They are for

using Ansco Color Daylight film in tungsten -light illumination and Anseo

Color tungsten-light film used in daylight. As these conversion filters

differ very notably even to the eye* from similar conversion filters for

Eastman's Kodachrome* we also wish to have similarly studied the Kodak
-

i
- 163 -

conversion filters which we will deliver next week but in size Series VI

only* It is believed the curves resulting from these studies will enable

us to understand the different results obtained when using the two corresponding flimsy at least to some extent”® *****

Telegram March 11, 195U 152PM

”FM COM WADC Wright Patterson AFB 0hio o To National Bureau of Standards®

From WCLFP-1 For Mr® Harry Jo Keegan, Spectrophotometry Section”

” Cap to Robert Fisher and T/Sgt Stephen Ujhelyi expect to arrive National

Bureau of Standards on 16 March 19$k with four aerial camera lenses, two

2h-inch, one 12-inch and one 6-inch to be tested for spectral transmittance

characteristics® Please advise if this date not suitable® Photographic

Reconnaissance Laboratory WADC®” *****

Telegram March 11, 19$h 33 2P

”175 Cl WBS /C-NBS/ Washington 3“H“5U 33 2P

Commanding General /WCLFP/

Wright Air Development Center, Wight-Patters on Air Force Base, Ohio*

Retelo We shall expect Captain Robert Fisher and Sergeant Stephen

Ujhelyi on 16 March 1951*<> Can rneasis*© spectral transmission of 6-inch

aerial camera lens 0 Will try to measure spectral transmission of 12 and

2li-inch lenses®

Harry J® Keegan, National Bureau of Standards

16 195U 6 12 2k

JG 33hP M *****

Note JCS to HJK March 17, 195U

” Tracings of visible and near infrared spectral transmittance curves

given to Captain Robert Fisher of the following % (1) the rear cell of a

Metrogon lens, B & L 6” f/6®3$ (2) the front and rear cells of a B & L 12”

f/l*®5 lens$ and (3) a yellow glass filter used with the B & L Metrogon

lens, showing the spectral transmittance of the- glass filter and the antivignetting neutral density spot of the glass filter” ® *****

Note JCS to HJK April 1$, 1955

w GS,ven to Dr® O'Neill, copies of the followings (1) double Ozachromes.

GE graph sheet Nos® G£ 11-1190-1191, 1197-1198, 1200-1199, 1237-1238, 1188-

ll89j (2) single Ozachromes® GE graph sheet Nos® GE 11-1188, 1189, 1190,

1191, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1237, and 1238”® *****
~

.
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants

and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy

Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the front cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project

or program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics

Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards ($1.25) and its Supplement ($0.75), available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office. Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and

publications should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of

Standards, Washington 25, D. C.
)

r

NBS