Filed 1/21/15 Popescu v. Kennedy CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA

VIRGIL POPESCU, Plaintiff and Appellant,

v. JOHN KENNEDY, Defendant and Respondent. D064883

(Super. Ct. No. 37-2013-00061982- CU-PT-CTL)

APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Sa n Diego County, Sharon B. Majors-Lewis and Jeffrey F. Fraser, Judges. Affirmed.

Virgil Popescu, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant. John Kennedy, in pro. per., fo r Defendant and Respondent. Virgil Popescu appeals from an order of the superior court denying a civil harassment restraining order an d dissolving a temporary rest raining order against John Kennedy. On appeal, Popescu contends the trial court erred in denying both his peremptory challenge to the trial judge and th e requested restraining order. Popescu also2 contends the trial judge exhi bited bias and prejudice that rises to the level of a constitutional violation. We disagr ee with Popescu and will affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 1 In August 2013, Popescu filed the underlying proceeding against Kennedy, seeking a temporary restraining order and an injunction prohibiting harassment under
Code of Civil Procedure 2 section 527.6. In support, Popescu submitte d declaration testimony describing an incident on July 26, 2013, in which he co ntended Kennedy used obscene language, punched Popescu in the face , raised a sledge-hammer and threatened to kill him (Incident). The court issued a temporary restraining order (TRO) against Kennedy, 3 granting in significant part the persona l conduct orders and stay-away orders Popescu requested. 4 Kennedy filed a response to the TRO and Popescu's request for an injunction, not agreeing to the relief Popescu sought and s ubmitting a declaration in which he described

1 The record on appeal consists of a one -volume clerk's transcript. We base our factual and procedural recitati on on only what has been presen ted in the clerk's transcript, disregarding statements in briefs that are not in the record on appeal. ( Pulver v. Avco Financial Services (1986) 182 Cal.App.3d 622, 632.)
2 All further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
3 Popescu requested the temporary orders without notice to Kennedy, although the record does not disclose whether Kennedy was at the hearing.
4 The court denied Popescu's request fo r an order directing the San Diego Police Department to file charges against Ke nnedy as a result of the Incident.3 generally the same Incident but disputed cer tain contentions, including specifically who was the aggressor. In reply, Popescu filed two declarati ons: one in which he submitted a police report from the Incident; and one, along with an attachment, in which he presented contentions disputing the evidence in Kennedy's responsive declaration. On the date of the hearing on the injunction, 5 after the matter was assigned to the Honorable Sharon B. Majors-Lewis, Popesc u filed a section 170.6 challenge to Judge Majors-Lewis. 6 The court, the Honora ble Jeffrey F. Fraser, presiding, denied the challenge. Judge Majors-Lewis then hear d testimony from Popescu and Kennedy; and by minute order filed September 17, 2013, Judge Majors-Lewis dissolved the TRO 7 and denied with prejudice the request ed injunctive relief (Order). Popescu timely appeals from the Order. 8

5 The TRO set the hearing on the injunction for August 28 , 2013, in department 11. Popescu's request for an injunction was heard on September 17, 2013, in department 14. The record does not disclose how or w hy the matter was continued or moved.
6 Section 170.6 provides a procedure for a party (or party's attorn ey) to peremptorily challenge a judicial officer based on the party' s (or the party's attorn ey's) belief that the judicial officer is prejudiced against the party (or the party's attorney ) such that the party (or party's attorney) cannot have a fair and impartial hearing before the judicial officer.
7 By its terms, the TRO expi red on August 28, 2013. Th e record does not disclose how or why (or whether) it was ex tended until September 17, 2013.
8 An order dissolving a temporary restrain ing order and denying an injunction is an appealable order. (Code Civ. Proc., § 904.1, subd. (a)(6).)4 I. DISCUSSION
A. Popescu Cannot Raise the Statutory Di squalification Issue in This Appeal Popescu's principal argument on appeal is that the court improperly denied his section 170.6 challenge to Ju dge Majors-Lewis. However, section 170.3, subdivision (d) provides in relevant part: "T he determination of the questi on of the disqualification of a judge is not an appealable order and may be reviewed only by a writ of mandate . . . ." Citing this language, our Supreme Court has in structed, " 'a petition for writ of mandate is the exclusive method for obtaining review of a denial of a judicial qualification motion.' " ( People v. Freeman (2010) 47 Cal.4th 993, 1000 ( Freeman ).) Indeed, the Supreme Court has also expressly rejected the argument that a disqualification ruling is reviewable on appeal from a subsequent judgment. ( People v. Williams (1997) 16 Cal.4th 635, 652.) Finally, section 170.3, subd ivision (d) applies to pe remptory challenges under section 170.6 like Popesc u's challenge here. ( People v. Hull (1991) 1 Cal. 4th 266, 272.) Accordingly, we are unable to review the nonappealable order denying Popescu's section 170.6 statutory challenge to Judge Majors-Lewis.
B. Popescu Has Not Met His Burden of Establishing Reversible Error In his appeal from the Order, Popescu rais es two arguments: (1) the trial court erred in denying the injunction; and (2) the tria l court was so "unfair and impartial" that Popescu's "Constitutional Right of being equa lly protected by the Law" was violated. Given established principles of appellate review and the record and briefing in this appeal, our ability to grant re lief is severely hampered by Popescu's presentation.5 " 'A judgment or order of the lower court is presumed correct . All intendments and presumptions are indulged to support it on matters as to which the record is silent, and error must be affirmatively shown. This is not only a general principle of appellate practice but an ingredient of the constituti onal doctrine of reversible error.' " ( Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 557, 564.) "It is well settled, of course, that a party challenging a judgment [or order] has the bu rden of showing reve rsible error by an adequate record." ( Ballard v. Uribe (1986) 41 Cal.3d 564, 574 ( Ballard ).) "A necessary corollary to this rule is th at if the record is inadequa te for meaningful review, the appellant defaults and the decision of th e trial court should be affirmed." ( Mountain Lion Coalition v. Fish & Game Com. (1989) 214 Cal.App.3d 1043, 1051, fn. 9 ( Mountain Lion Coalition ).) As particularly appli cable in the present appeal, Estate of Fain (1999) 75 Cal.App.4th 973 ( Fain ) instructs: "Where no reporter's transcript has been provided and no error is apparent on the face of the existin g appellate record, the judgment [or order] must be conclusively presumed correct as to all evidentiary matters . To put it another way, it is presumed that the unreported tria l testimony would demonstrate the absence of error." ( Id. at p. 992.) In addition, an appellate brief must "s upport each point by argument and, if possible, by citation of authority" (Cal . Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(B) (rule 8.204(a)(1)(B)), and a part y forfeits the right to appella te review of an argument where the party fails to cite a pplicable supporting authority ( In re Estate of Cairns (2010) 188 Cal.App.4th 937, 949 ( Cairns )).6 1. Denial of Injunction

a. Standard of Review Where, as here, the parties dispute the fa cts, we review a court's order denying a section 527.6 civil harassment injunc tion for substantial evidence. ( R.D. v. P.M. (2011) 202 Cal.App.4th 181, 188; Bookout v. Nielsen (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 1131, 1137– 1138.) In determining the sufficiency of the evid ence, as an appellate court we "may not weigh the evidence or consider the credibility of witnesses. Instead, the evidence most favorable to [the respondent] must be accep ted as true and conflicting evidence must be disregarded[,] '. . . indulging every legitim ate inference which may be drawn from the evidence in [the respondent's] favor . . . .' " ( Campbell v. General Motors Corp . (1982) 32 Cal.3d 112, 118.) The testim ony of a single witness, including that of a party, may be sufficient ( In re Marriage of Mix (1975) 14 Cal.3d 604, 614; Evid. Code, § 411); whereas even uncontradicted evidence in favor of an appellant does not establish the fact for which the evidence was submitted ( Foreman & Clark Corp. v. Fallon (1971) 3 Cal.3d 875, 890 ( Foreman ).) As particularly applicable here , the issue is not whether there is evidence in the record to support a different finding, but whether there is evidence that, if believed, would support the tr ier of fact's findings. ( Bowers v. Bernards (1984) 150 Cal.App.3d 870, 872-873.) If an appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to su pport a finding, the appellant is required to set forth in its opening brief all the material ev idence on that issue or finding on appeal, not merely what other evidence might have been favorable to the7 appellant's position. ( Foreman , supra , 3 Cal.3d at p. 881.) "In furtherance of its burden, the appellant has the duty to fa irly summarize all of the fact s in the light most favorable to the judgment [or order]." ( Boeken v. Philip Morris, Inc. (2005) 127 Cal.App.4th 1640, 1658; see Huong Que, Inc. v. Luu (2007) 150 Cal.App.4th 40 0, 410 [before appellate court considers a lack of substantial evidence argument, appellant must first present "a fair summary of the evidence bearing on th e challenged finding, pa rticularly including evidence that arguably supports it"].) If the appellant has not met this burden, the asserted error is deemed waived or forfeited. ( Foreman , at p. 881.) In sum, unless the "party who challenges the sufficien cy of the evidence to support a finding . . . set[s] forth, discuss[es], and analyze[s] all the evidence on that point, both favorable and unfavorable" ( Doe v. Roman Catholic Ar chbishop of Cashel & Emly (2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 209, 218, italics added), the reviewing court may deem th e substantial evidence contention to have been waived or forfeited ( ibid. ; Foreman , at p. 881). b. Analysis Here, Popescu has not met hi s burden of establishing reve rsible error in the denial of the injunction for a number of independent reasons. First, as explained ante , without a reporter's transcript , "the judgment [or order] must be conclusively presumed correct as to all evidentiary matters . To put it another way, it is presumed that the unreported tria l testimony would demonstrate the absence of error." ( Fain , supra , 75 Cal.App.4th at p. 992.) Thus, we presume either that Popescu's testimony at the hearing did not sufficiently support his claim or that Kennedy's testimony at the hearing sufficien tly defeated Popescu's claim.8 Second, by his failure to have set fo rth the evidence in the record that supports the order — i.e., by not at least setting forth Kenn edy's declaration testimony that is in the record in opposition to Popescu's request fo r injunctive relief — Popescu has forfeited his substantial evidence argument. ( Foreman , supra , 3 Cal.3d at p. 881.) We note that Kennedy's declaration testimony contains substantial evidence to support denial of the injunction. Finally, Popescu has further forfeited this argument by failing to cite any legal authority in support of his pos ition. (Rule 8.204(a)(1)(B); Cairns , supra , 188 Cal.App.4th at p. 949.)
2. Violation of Cons titutional Rights In addition to the statutory argument that Judge Fraser erred in denying the peremptory challenge of Judge Majors-Lewis under section 170.6 (see pt. I., ante ), Popescu also raises a nonstatutory claim th at Judge Majors-Lewis's bias, prejudice and hostility violated Popescu's "Cons titutional Right of being equa lly protected by the Law." Distinguishing the statutory (§ 170.6) and nonstatutory (constitutional) arguments, we note that section 170.3, subdivision (d)'s require ment that judicial di squalification orders be reviewed exclusively by petitions fo r writ of mandate does not bar review on appeal from the ultimate judgment or order a claim that the judgment or order is constitutionally infirm because of judicial bias. ( People v. Brown (1993) 6 Cal.4t h 322, 333-335 ["section 170.3[ subdivision ](d) does not ap ply to, and hence does not bar, review (on appeal from a final judgment) of nonstatutory claims that a final judgment is constitutionally invalid because of judicial bias" ( id. at p. 335)]; see People v. Chatman9 (2006) 38 Cal.4th 344, 363 ( Chatman ) ["While defendant may not raise the statutory claim on appeal, he may assert a constitutionally based challenge of judicial bias."].) Popescu's claim of judicial bias reads as follows in its entirety: "Judge Sharon Major[s]-Lewis made a serious error. She vi olated [Popescu's] Constitutional Right of being equally protected by the Law. She wa s unfair and impartial, just like [Popescu] suspected, when he filed the Peremptory Challenge." (Som e capitalization omitted.) In conducting the constitutional analysis, our Supreme Court recently explained: "[W]hile a showing of actual bi as is not require d for judicial disqualification under the due proc ess clause, neither is the mere appearance of bias sufficient. Instead, based on an objective assessment of the circumstances in the particular case, there must exist ' "the probability of actual bi as on the part of the judge or decisionmaker [that] is too high to be constitutionally tolerable." ' " ( Freeman , supra , 47 Cal.4th at p. 996.) In the present appeal, however, we are unable to apply this standard in order to reach the merits of Popescu's claim of judicial bias. First, Popescu has forfeited this legal ar gument by failing to develop it or support it with authority. (Rule 8.204(a)(1)(B); Cairns , supra , 188 Cal.App.4th at p. 949.) We do not invoke this forfeitu re as a technicality. We know th at "the floor established by the Due Process Clause [of the U.S. Constitution] clearly requires a 'fair trial in a fair tribunal,' [citation], before a judge with no actual bias against the defendant or interest in the outcome of his particular case." ( Bracy v. Gramley (1997) 520 U.S. 899, 904-905 (italics added), quoted approvingly in Chatman , supra , 38 Cal.4th at p. 363; see
Freeman , supra , 47 Cal.4th at p. 996 ["there must ex ist ' "the probability of actual bias on the part of the judge or decisionmaker [that] is too high to be constitutionally10 tolerable" ' "].) However, Popescu has not explained whether — an d if so, how — this standard applies to Judge Majors -Lewis's purported behavior. Moreover, Popescu's failure to provide a re porter's transcript of the proceedings is fatal to his argument. We have previously described "judicial bias " as " 'a predisposition to decide a cause or an issue in a certain way, which does not leave the mind perfectly open to conviction.' " ( Pacific etc. Conference of Unite d Methodist Church v. Superior
Court (1978) 82 Cal.App.3d 72, 86 .) In determining whether "the probability of bias on the part of a judge is so great as to become 'constitutionally intolerable,' " the " standard is an objective one ." ( Freeman , supra , 47 Cal.4th at p. 1001, italics added; see id. at p. 996 [determination of judicial bias is "based on an objective assessment of the circumstances in the particular case" (italics added)].) With out a reporter's transcript, we are unable to determine — let alone objectively determine — any of the circumstances in Judge Majors-Lewis's courtroom on the date of the hearing. All we have in the appellate record from the contested proceedings before Judge Majors-Lewis is a minute order that identifies the parties and witnesses and cont ains the rulings denying the injunction and dissolving the TRO. The minute order does not suggest, let alone establish, bias. By failing to provide an adequate record, Popescu has not met his burden of establishing bias, prejudice or hostility by Judge Majors-Lewis. ( Ballard , supra , 41 Cal.3d at p. 574; Mountain Lion Coalition , supra , 214 Cal.App.3d at p. 1051, fn. 9.)11 DISPOSITION The order denying the requested inju nction and dissolving the temporary restraining order is affirmed. Kennedy is awarded his costs on appeal. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.278(a).)

IRION, J.
WE CONCUR:

BENKE, Acting P. J.

O'ROURKE, J.