NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

CLEAN FLEETS REPLACEMENT

RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Clean Fleets - 1

Control Measure:

Replace old fleet vehicles with cleaner vehicles such as Hybrids.

Description:

This measure looks at benefits from replacing 100 old fleet vehicles in each 

county and replacing them by new Hybrid vehicles such as Toyota Prius.

Methodology:

Emission rates were calculated for an average fleet of 9 years old using 

MOBILE6.2. For hybrid vehicle, emission rates of Toyota Prius were used for the 

calculations. Assuming that 100 fleet vehicles would be replaced in each county, 

emission benefits were calculated.

Documentation:

Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Government Fleets, Air Pollution Control Division, Colorado 

Department of Public Health and Environment, Dec 2004

Inputs/Assumptions:

 Annual average miles traveled by a fleet vehicle = 12,500 miles/yr

 Fleet vehicles would be used on an average of 250 days/yr.

 Retired fleet vehicles are 9 yrs or older.

 Average speed = 40mph

Results:

Emission Reductions (Statewide):

Pollutant

Type

Analysis Year 2010

Tons/Day Tons/Year

VOC 0.0335 9.193

NOx 0.0574 14.86

PM2.5 0.0012 0.304

SO2 0.0008 0.191

*Note: Negative means increase in emissions

Ozone Analysis – Daily Benefits in New Jersey

Benefits (Reductions)

Ozone Non-Attainment Area

New York-N. New 

Jersey-Long Island,

NY-NJ-CT

Philadelphia-WilmingtonAtlantic City

PA-NJ-MD-DE

Total Vehicles Replaced 1,200 900

VOC (Tons/Day) 0.0191 0.0144

NOx (Tons/Day) 0.0328 0.0246

*Note: Negative means increase in emissions
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

CLEAN FLEETS REPLACEMENT

RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Clean Fleets - 2

PM2.5 Analysis – Annual Benefits in New Jersey

Benefits (Reductions)

PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area

New York-N. New JerseyLong Island, NY-NJ-CTPhiladelphia-Wilmington

PA-NJ-DE

Total Vehicles Replaced 1,000 300

NOx (Tons/Year) 7.076 2.123

PM2.5 (Tons/Year) 0.145 0.043

SO2 (Tons/Year) 0.091 0.027

*Note: Negative means increase in emissions

COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Total costs were estimated as follows:

Hybrid 

Sedan

Gasoline 

Sedan

Difference 

(Hybrid vs. 

Gasoline)

Purchase Price $20,810 $19,390 $1,420

Residual Value $6,841 $5,685 $1,156

Net Price $13,969 $13,705 $264

* Based on Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Dec 2004 report

Calculations reflect values over the life of the vehicle. The life cycle for all 

vehicles in the analysis is assumed to be 8 years/100,000 miles in accordance 

with Colorado State Fleet Management desired vehicle replacement schedule. 

Residual Value based on a 5 year, 60-month projection. Assume that 

maintenance costs would be the same for the Hybrid and Gasoline Vehicles. 

There will be a big savings in fuel costs over the life of the vehicles but that cost 

has not been considered for this analysis.

Total Annualized Cost = $ 264 over 8 years for 100 vehicles/county

= $3,300/county/year

Total cost for the various non-attainment areas are as follows:

County

Estimated Cost For Each Non-Attainment Area

Ozone PM 2.5

NY-NJ-CT PA-NJ-DE NY-NJ-CT PA-NJ-DE

Atlantic - $3,300 - -

Bergen $3,300 - $3,300 -

Burlington - $3,300 - $3,300

Camden - $3,300 - $3,300

Cape May - $3,300 - -

Cumberland - $3,300 - -

Essex $3,300 - $3,300 -
NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

CLEAN FLEETS REPLACEMENT

RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc. Clean Fleets - 3

Gloucester - $3,300 - $3,300

Hudson $3,300 - $3,300 -

Hunterdon $3,300 - - -

Mercer - $3,300 $3,300 -

Middlesex $3,300 - $3,300 -

Monmouth $3,300 - $3,300 -

Morris $3,300 - $3,300 -

Ocean - $3,300 - -

Passaic $3,300 - $3,300 -

Salem - $3,300 - -

Somerset $3,300 - $3,300 -

Sussex $3,300 - - -

Union $3,300 - $3,300 -

Warren $3,300 - - -

Total $39,600 $29,700 $33,000 $9,900

Cost/Benefit Results

Pollutant

Cost/Benefit for Each Pollutant

Ozone PM 2.5

NY-NJ-CT PA-NJ-DE-MD NY-NJ-CT PA-NJ-DE

VOC ($/Ton/Day) $8,278 $8,278 - -

NOx ($/Ton/Day) $4,829 $4,829 - -

NOx ($/Ton/Year) - - $4,664 $4,664

PM2.5 ($/Ton/Year) - - $228,093 $228,093

SO2 ($/Ton/Year) - - $362,875 $362,875

* Daily Costs used in calculation of cost/benefit ratio are Annual costs divided by 250