T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l y c onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. R OB E R T HA DL E Y H E I Z E L MAN, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 11- 50226 D . C . N o. 3: 10 -c r- 02 41 7-H -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia M a r i l y n L . H uf

f , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d M a r c h 7, 2012 ** P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: F A R R IS , C L IF T O N , an d IK U T A , C i rcu i tJu d g es.

H e i z e l m a n w a s c onvi c t e d of tw o c ount s of

thr e a t e ni ng aj udge , i n vi ol a t i on of 18 U . S . C . § 115( a ) ( 1) ( B ) . H e appe a l s , a r gui ng tha thi s j ury w a i ve rw a s not 

# FI LED MA R 26 2012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

v o l u n t ary, k n o w i n g , an d i n t el l i g en tan d th ath i s st at em en t s w ere n o t“ tru e th reat s” a n d a r e th e r e f

o r e p r o te c te d s p e e c h . W e a f f irm . We r e v i e w de nov o th e a d e q u a c y o f aju ry w a iv e r . U

ni ted Stat es v. D uar te - Hi

gar e da , 11 3 F . 3d 10 00 , 10 02 (9th C i r. 19 97 ). G i ven the “ suspec t ed p r e s e n c e o f

m e n ta l o re m o tio n a l in s tab ility ” in ad e f e n d a n t, th e d is tr ic t c o u rt is r e qui r e d “ t o c onduc ta n i n- de pth c ol l oquy ” t o a s s ur e tha tthe de f e nda nt ’ s w a i ve rof aju ry tr ia l is v o lu n ta ry , k n o w in g , a n d in te llig e n t. I d. a t1003 ( i nt e rna l c i t a t i on a nd qu ot at i on s om i tt ed). T he re cord es t abl i shes thatthe di stri ctcourt ’ s c ol l oq uy w as s uf f i c i e nt l y i n- de pth t o a s s ur e tha tH e i z e l m a n’ s w a i ve rw a s vol unt a ry , know i ng, a n d in te llig e n t. I f ad e f e n d a n tm o v e s f

o ra c q u i tt a l a ttr i a l , we r e v i e w de nov o the suff i ci ency o f th e e v id e n c e . U

n i ted S ta tes v. S tew a rt , 42 0 F . 3d 10 07 , 10 14 (9th C i r. 20 05 ). If apa rty f a i l s t o m a ke at i m e l y a s s e rt i on of r i ght s , how e ve r , the r i ghti s f or f e i t e d a nd w e r e v ie w f

o rp la in e rr o r . U

ni ted Stat es v. P er ez , 11 6 F . 3d 84 0, 84 5 (9th C i r. 1 9 9 7 ) . W e m u s t a ls o d e te rm in e w h e th e rth e s ta te m e n t c o n s titu te s atru e th r e a t, u n p r o te c te d b y th e F ir s t A m e n d m e n t, S tew a rt , 42 0 F . 3d at10 15 , w hi ch re qu i re s proo f “ thatthe spea ker s ubj ec t i vel y i nt ended the spee ch as a threa t , ” Id . a t1017 ( in te rn a l c ita tio n a n d q u o ta tio n s o m itte d ) ; s e e U ni te d State s v . B agdas ar i an , 652 F . 3d 11 13 , 11 17 (9th C i r. 20 11 ) ( subj ec t i ve t es t“ m ustbe re ad i nt o al l threa t3

s t a tut e s tha tc r i m i na l i z e pur e s pe e c h” ) . T he r e w a s no e rr or . T he r e c or d c ont a i ns s u f f ic ie n t e v id e n c e to e s tab lis h th e e le m e n ts o f th e s ta tu to ry v io la tio n , see S tew a rt , 42 0 F . 3d at10 15 , and H ei ze l m an’ s c al l s t o the di stri ctcourtw er e “ true threa t s. ” AF F I RME D.