NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

2807

MECHANICAL TYPE DOOR BITERLOCK

by

Alfred B. Castle

to

Engineering Division^ Military Construction

Corps of Engineers

Department of the Army

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Sinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside of the nack

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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT nm REPORT

0602-104i7l6 Octc*er 1S53 SGO?

J^.ECE\HXGAL TYPE BOOR MTERIX>GK

AHTed Bo Castls

M3charJ.ca.l iKrtrments Section

Kechajiics Bivision

Davslopefl fox'

Engineering Division# Militaxy Gonstr'ueti.aa

Corps of ^.gineers

Depar'tn^nt of the

nkhhB

The publication Approved for public release by the

unieto permiMi p)ij-gctor of the National Institute of

25. D. C. Sui

prepared- If th Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 20 1 5.

er In part, la prohibited

f Standarda, Waahington

irt baa been apeciflcally

report for Ita own use.
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. FOREWORD

Door Interlocks of both mechanical and electrical types have

been developed concurrently for the Jihgineering Divan ionj, Military

Construction^ Corps of Engineers, Department of tiie during the

present calendar year in the Mechanical Instruments Section

principally under NBS Project No© 1000-10»'li7l6 as authorised in the

letters references (l) and (2)o Only the mechanical type is described

in this repccrto

The interlocks are designed primarily for use on multiple doors

of a bathroom in veterans* hospitals 1) to lock the bathroom so as

to afford privacy during occi^ncy, 2) to make it equally accessible

to all potential users when idle, and 3) to open it easily in

emergencies

o

Ihe text of the report was prepared principally by SJUJ© Womack,

project supervisoro

Walter Rsmberg, Chief

Mechanics Division

A« V© Astin, Director

National Bureau of Standards
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MECHAKiCAL TIPS DOOR INTERLOCK

Alfred Bo Castle

ABSTRACT

A mechanically operated door interlock specifically for use

on two doors of a bathroom in veterans® hospitals was

developedo The interlocks are separate from and obviate

the need of ordinairy door latches o With •'Sbe interlocks^

both doors to the bathroom can be locked by the occupants

and are unlocked when the bathroom is unoccupied® Several

interlocks have been constructed and demonstrated in a

laboratory installationo Design details are included in

the report®

lo INTRODUCTION

Simple and automatic n^ans for obtaining privacy for all parties

concerned using one bathroom connecting between two or more rooms in

hospitals has been a need particularly of U® S® Govemn^nt operated

hospitals®

The privacy desired is such that the user cannot be intruded upon

from outside but when the room is nob in use it remains equally available to all users® Alsoj? in case of emergency ttie room shou3.d be

easily opened from without®

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Until the developjTient of this medianical interlock and the

electrical type described in reference (3)^, no other hardware fcTas known

which would fit the need and yet be applicable to right and left band

doors regardless of relative location and also be eSmple and easy to

operate o It had been reported that thei'e is one couimercial type of

mechanical interlock which can be applied to tr'c doors that are reasonably

close together and opposite each other#

2o POTIREI-IMffi

‘The interlocks^ when installed oa bathr-oom doers connected with two

or more rooms, should meet the following minirri'am requireriients

s

a) o It shon3,.d be possible to lock the batfcfoom doors from within

against intrusion from without, siti^^ly by closing tiie doors end actuating

a single handle or knob on ary one door#

b) o Upon opening any one door, all doors nn:^t tliereby become im-o

locked and remain so as long as aiy door remains open#

c) o While in the bathroom, locking any on© door will. slmiiltaneousXy

lock all other doors#

d) o 1'Jhen necessaxy it shall be possible to open any door from

without by application of a siuple tool cr Icey#

e) o Breakage or slippage of the control cable shall, either auto<=»

matically unlock or peiroit emergency unlocking of ail doo.rs#

f) o The materials, workfranship and design of the locks shail

afford a reasonably long trou.ble<=*free life©
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Kie following addi-bionral features are desirable;

g) o An indicator that the bathroom is occwied should be easil^^-

visible from both connecting roois^o

h) o The locks should be applicable to either old or new construction

and oispense ^rith the use of e^sisting types of hardware,

i}o Locking Imdbs or handles should be preferably s:linnar to those

normlly used to obviate learning any new locking t-echniqueo

3o PHBICIPLE OF OPSRATION AND DiSCRIPTION

2he principle of qperation of this type of interlock ^fill be

explained in connection with Its description©

In the locked condition the exteiTial opening handle 18^ figure 2^

IS made meffeotiire against normal attempt at opening due to each tongue

7 acting to block movement of bolt 8 of either door» Refer to figure 1,

To unlock the doorsj either internal handle is turned back to the

horitcntal or neutral posltion„ Erom this position the bolt of either

door may be retracted by sliding the handle toward the hinge line of

the door for which slot A is provided In part 1. The doors may be

opened from without by turning the handle to secure a similar sliding

action and as shoim at the igjper right, figure 3. The mechanism is new reaefy for the next cycle of operation©

3ol Door Units of Interlock

The latch bolt 8, figures 1 and S,may be of circular but preferably

of rectangular cross-section. It acts as a conreritional latch, entering

ar. opening in the face plate of the janb unit under force of the springs 13
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link wiiich fits free3y in a slot of the interlock ring segment $ and

raa7 enter the rectangular slot lA and figure I© Hiis occures fe^hen moved hingeward by the handle 1? or 18 only when the doors are in the

unlocked position© A baU,s socket and spring -urdt U.j. helps locate

this position©

The turning of tongue 7 about the a3d.s of the handle shaft deflects

ring segment ^ so as to rotate the shorter concentric ring segiricnt 6 in the

jamb umte Conversely a rotation of segment 6 arising from the remote

lock causes segment 5 to rotate and deflect tongue

Associated with the unit mortised in.to uhe door is the "lock side"

handle 17 «, figure 2j> which is provided with a square shaft© 'The s,haft

fits through the square hole in part ?© The ring 5 and tongue 7 can be

rotated either ddrecti.^ though a limited angle from the hca^lKontal

eiteer directly by rotating tlie handle or Indirectly by action of the

ring segments as already mentioned and Illustrated iji figure 3©

3o2 Jamb Units of Interlock

The hardware of the jamb part of the interlock consis t© nalnly of

a housing with an opening for a latch bolt^ an interlock ring iwdt and

a cable connector unito The ring unit consists principally of the ring

segment 6^ a locking pawl 11 mounted and spring held in a notch of the

connector arm 9 when the door bolt is not engaged w,ith the jamb miit*

Normally the tximing of 6 at either door isoves 9 in botli doors up or

down corresponding to the direction of the rotation becatise the tran.s»

mitting wire in is attached tcj connector 9 at each of its ends©
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Moverrsent of 9 in the jamb remote from the operator deflects the

which In t'om rotates ring segrtKSt 6, one end of becomes extended

beyond the jamb facSo In so moving it deflects (I’otates) ring segment $

in the remote door and locks the door bolt 8 as securely as if it had

been turned directly by its handle*

A safeguard has been iiicorpcrated in the design against closing

and locking one door while the other is left open* This is the function

of the pawl 11 in the jsmb unito Normally it locks part 9 firsts and

then part 6 against irioveirsnt if tlie door bolt 8 is not fully in its

socketo If the bolt is i2i^ meaning that the door is closed, t^ie crank

arm 11 is disengaged by a cam action from 9 £-nd periaits the closing cf the

remote dooro

The Interlock pawl is somewhat accessible fcg* ’’picking” through the

latch bolt opening, but two persons, one at each door, x^ill be required

to lock one door independent of locking the other and thus circumvent

the normal functioning of the locks o To make the picking of the inters

lock more difficult would probably unduly complicate the dexrlceo Hoxi'ever,

unless the mechaixism is daxuaged, the \anits will function propei’ly even

after tamperingo

The deflection transmitting cable 1$ is a type familiar to the

automotive and marine industryo It is inportant that the wire make a

close but free fit inside the casingi excessive friction or looseness

would introduce trouble in moving the elements of the remote door to

the proper position for openingo ihe connector 9 moves in guides 10,

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ho INSTALLATION DEmn.S

The niechanical interlock ^stem maj be instaX],.ed in old but

preferably in new works ia mortices or molded recesses made In

accordance with the templates figure lu in old works ordinsu^'- latch

bolt should be remo’oed or sec'tared in the retracted pc^itiono Identically

constructed units are installed at each door^ care being taken tliat each

door unit is so mounted that the latch bolt operates narFiaXly and that

the jamb unit has such orientation as to Eiake the interlock pawl engage

properly with the latch bolto Ihe housing of all units are symmetrical

about a horizontal azis and therefore may be Inserted as requix'^id tsi

effect the proper engagement of the pawl with the longer side of the

bolto

The transmitting cable may be connected either from above or

from below o The guide pieces 10 and the clamping am 9? figure have

clamps at either end to accomodate the cable e Piece 10 is attached to

piece 2 by two horizontal screwso For Installation in new concrete

similar construction a roughiag“in box should be mounted in the jamb

and a conduit or tube of 3/8 inch bore or larger should be connected

between boxes o ihe roughing«=>in box should be 1 l/2” wide x 2 l/2^ deep

X 6” high^ and have a knockout with its center located 2” fj*om the face

and 3A” fi^m the sides on both top and bottomo For l^est results the

total length of conduit path should not exceed 25 feet and tlia rdniimM

radius of bend should be 6 inches

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The handles 1? and X8s figure 2, are ix:^talled on the ii'.side and

ontside of the door^ respectivelj'-, by of a set of screvrs^ washers

and. the col3.ar 19 o The end of the collar and shaft are painted^. lil:e

a hajLf moon^ for example^ to toiicate whether the door is locked or

notj, depending on the rotated position cf the sqi^.re shafts

5c OPEMING OF LOCKED DOORS

501 Nornml Opening

Either door cf the bathroom is mlocked sinply by trsming the

control handle in the direction reqidxed to retm^n the handle to the

horizontal positiono For doors of iriaxim.'um separation a slight overtlrcow

of the handle and then a retiim of it to the horizontal may be required

if too much slack or backlash is allowed :bi the system or a slirinkage

in the width of the door oc erne’s « v/ith. the handk: horizontal^ the door

may be opened by sliding the handle toward the Irlnges of the door enough

to clear the bolt from the jamba

Incidently^) taming the handle well beyond the horizontal position

in the direction required, initially to mlock tl-ie door does no harm|

the doors sliroly became rslocked in the alternate posi-tlon as shotm in

figure 3o

502 Saiergency Craning

Either door may be unlocked from without simply by applying the

special tool 16., figure 2^ on tlie exposed end of the shaft to rotate

it to a horizontal positiono Ihe door may then be opened by operating

the handle on the outside of ti^ door<>
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6o EXTM!S ION TO MORE mi'I WO DOORS

Ihe interlock althon^ made initially for ubb on t^fo doors can

be ext-anded theoretically to appl^r to any nurnber of doors but

practically to only three or possibly four doors 2h the case of more

than two doors the limitation on the total length (2^ ft approxo) of

connecting cable must be observedo The backlash Is a function of the

total length of cable and is limited principally by the to3.erance in the

fit of the interlocking parts 9 and ll^ figures 1 and

7o SUMiiA.RI

A mechanically operated door interlock for locking md unlocking

two doors simultaneously has been developed which meets all the essential

reQuireiiients stated in section 2j above o Ihe interlock is generally

better adaptable to new tlian to o3ji construeti.ono

To effect locking, metallic segir^nts which are linked to the remote

end ol an ordinary type bolt in each door are operated dixeetly at one door by a handle and remotely at the other door by a jamb segment which

is concentric with 'fche door segments Remote locking action is transmtted

by n^ans of a steel wire within a fle:d.ble me-ballic sheatlio Tne operating

handle requires a twisting motion to lock and isnlock and a sliding motion

to open the dooro A bolt released interlock prevents locking of one door with the other door openo

'.'ath the commercial type of cable used the lost motion in a length

of the cable and the necessary tolerance in the fit of the door with tte

jamb and in the fit of the Interlocking parts limJ.t the nu'riber of doors

to about three and the total length of cable to about 2$ feeto
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The WBS developed mechanical interlock requires more torque to

operate the control hancHes and is not so applicable to old construction

as the NBS electrical interlock^ reference 3 5 which was developed concurrently with the mechanical typeo The mechanical type however5 has

no inherent shock hazard and is independent of eieetrica3, failure 0

80 REFH?.iICES

lo Letter fzom Rngineering Division^ Militaiy Gosistructionj,

Corps of Lngineersj, DepartiJBnt of the Army^t dated Januaiy 13,

19^3, reference HJGESo

2o I-etter from Engineering Division, Ililitasy Construction,

Corps of ihgineers, Departn^nt of the Amy^ dated May 13,

1953 5 reference MGESo

3o NBS Report Ho© 2806 on Electrical Type Door iaterl.OGk,

dated Septeinber 21, 19^3 o
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NOMENCLATURE *J§.o

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

WASHINGTON 25. D. C. MULTIPLE LOOf^NTf'

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PROJECT ENOR.

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DECIMALS ±.OOS

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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

WASHINGTON 2S. D. C. MULTIPLE DOOR INTEfeLOq

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N«-4 DRILL


THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended hy Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measmrement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy

Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the front cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project or program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

smnmary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics

Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards ($1.00). Information on calibration services and fees can be

found in NBS Circular 483, Testing by the National Bureau of Standards (25 cents). Both are

available from the Government Printing Office. Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and

publications should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.
ms