FI L ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T J UNE 16, 2011 J OHN L EY CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D. C. Dock etNo. 3 :0 6- cv -0 01 58 -LC-M D KAREN J. KILPATRICK, Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll an t, ve rs us UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, CRAIG W. ROEG

NER, Sp eci al Agen t Bu reauof Al co ho l Tob acco & Fi rearm s, CITY OF PENSACOLA, AMANDA GRIFFETT, PETER FAULK, et al ., Defen da nt s- App el le es .

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt fo r th e North ernDis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ (J un e 1 6, 2 01 1)Befo re CARNES, ANDERSON an d F ARRIS , Cir cu itJu dg es . * PER CURI AM: Karen Kil pa tri ckap pe al s the di stric t co urt’s g ran t o f su m m ary jud gm en t i n fav orof t he de fen da nt s o n t he ba si s o f qu al ifi edimm un it y . Kilp atric k fi le d s ui t o n Apr il 18 , 20 06 , all eg in g t ha t the Uni te d S ta te s, the Cit y of P en sa co la , andsev eral in di vi du al de fen da nt s h advi ol at edhe r ri gh ts un de r th e Fi rs t an d F ou rth Am en dm en ts , andass ert in g t ort cl ai m s fo r fal se im pr is on m en t, n eg li ge nc e, in te nt io na l i nf

li ct io n o f em ot io na l d is tre ss , andin va si onof p riv acy. The d is tri ct co urt g ran te d the de fen da nt s’ m ot io n fo r su m m ary jud gm en t b as edon th e affi rm at iv e d efen se of qua li fie d i m m un it y be cau se , con stru in g t he ev id en ce i n t he li gh t m os t fa vo rab le to Kil pa tri ck , th ere re m ai ne d n o g enui ne is su e o f m at eri al fact as to whet he r a co ns ti tu ti on al vi ol at io n o ccu rred , andev enass um in g t ha t Kil pa tri ck ’s Firs t Am en dm en t ri gh ts were v io la te d, the off ic ers ’ act io ns were n ot co nt rary to cl earl y

est ab li sh edlaw. Be cau se th e d is tri ctco urt fo un d t ha t the re h ad be enno co ns ti tu ti on al vi ol at io n, i t al so gra nt edth e d efen dant s’ m ot io n fo r su m m ary jud gm en t o n a ll of Ki lp atric k’s t ort cl ai m s. We revi ew Kil pa tri ck ’s ap pe al fro m

th e d is tri ctco urt’s g ran t o f su m m ary jud gm en t d e n ov o, ap pl y in g t he

Honora ble J eromeFa

rris, United States Circuit J udg e for the Ninth Circuit, sitt ing by * designation. 2sa m e st an da rd s as th e d is tri ctco urt. Acev ed o v . Firs t Un io n Nat . Ban k, 3 57 F.3d

12 44 (11 th Cir . 20 04 ). Whi le th ere i s n o d is pu te th atour Co ns ti tu ti on pe rm it s o ne to pro te st witho utfearof p ol ic e act io n, b utin rul in g o n am ot io n fo r su m m ary jud gm en t i n a cas e whe re the pl ai nt iff

ch al le ng es th e le ga li ty of anin ve st ig at ory st op , th e co urt m us t p ro pe rly con si de r al l o f th e ci rcu m st an ces . See Un it edSta te s v . Alfa ro -Mo nc ad a, 60 7 F .3d72 0, 7 30 –3 1 (1 1th C ir. 2 01 0) . On th e u nd is pu te d fa ct s, la w enf or cem en t h adm or e th anad equa te Fo urthAm en dm en t g ro un ds to st op Kil pa tri ck

aft er s he dro ve he r van, co ve redwith n eg at iv e wri tt enrefe ren ces to th e ATF andW aco , th ro ug h t he ATF parki ng lo t o n t he anni ve rs ary of th e Waco fi re an d t he Okl ah om a Ci ty bom bi ng .

“ Whe n a n o ffi cer a ss ert s qua li fie d i m m un it y , th e is su e is no t wh ethe r reas on ab le su sp ic io n e xi st edin fact , bu t wh ethe r th e o ffi cer h ad‘ arg uabl e’ reas on ab le su sp ic io n t o s up po rt a n i nv es ti ga to ry st op .” Ja ck so n v . Sau ls , 20 6 F .3d 11 56 , 11 66 (11 th Cir . 20 00 ). It i s n otun reas on ab le fora la w enf or cem en t o ffi cer to be sen si ti ve to co pycat cr im es on th e an ni ve rs ary of th e Okl ah om a Ci ty bo m bi ng , whi ch it se lf wa s co m m it te d o n t he an ni ve rs ary of th e Waco trag edy . At th e ti m e Kil pa tri ckwas s to pp ed , law en fo rcem en t o ffi ci al s wer e aware of t he fo ll owi ng fact s:

3C Kil pa tri ck ’s van was s een in th e p ark in g l otof t he ATF off ic e wit h “ Bo o ATF” a nd“ Rem em be r th e ch il dr enof Waco !” wri tt eninlar ge y el lo w let te rs on th e win do ws. C Kil pa tri ck ’s van was re m in is cen t o f th e o ne us edin th e Okl ah om a Ci ty bom bi ng , itha d t in te d wi nd ows , anditwas o f a s iz e cap ab le of co nt ai ni ng ex pl os iv es . C The an ti -ATF m es sa ge s o n the va n app eare d o n t he an ni ve rs ary of th e W aco fir e an d t he Okl ah om a Ci ty bom bi ng . C Offi cers ha d re cei ve d ati p l in ki ng th e driv er o f th e an ti -ATF va n t o anin ci de ntin vo lv in g the gu n d eal er wh o h adpre vi ou sl y supp li ed Dav idKore sh , lea de r of

th e Bra nc h Dav id ia ns , with weapo ns . Bas edon th e to ta li ty of th os e ci rcu m st an ces , th e o ffi cers ha d a t l eas t ar gu ab le reas on ab le su sp ic io n t o ju st ify the in it ia l s to p o f Kil pa tri ck ’s van . Sear ch es of Ki lp atric k’s p ers on an d v an , whi ch fol lo wedth e st op , were co ns en su al . At no po in t was Kil pa tri ckph y si cal ly restrai ne d. Al th ou gh Kil pa tri ck arg ue s t ha t s he was n ev erthe le ss de ta in edby the off ic ers ’ sh ow o f fo rce i n t he fo rm of t he ir f la sh in g b lu e li gh ts , we rejectth atarg um en t. In fo rm at io n was rece iv eddu rin g the st op th atjus ti fie d fu rth er i nqui ry , and , inan y ev en t, Ki lp atric k do es no t d is pu te th atsh e co ns en te d t o t he en su in g s earc h o f he r va n. Th atsea rch rev eal edth atKil pa tri ckha d agun a nditwas l oa de d. Th e o ffi cer d is arm ed(bu t di d n otsei ze) h er l oa de d g un , lea vi ng bo thth e g un an d a m m un it io n wi th he r. Not hi ng su gg es ts th atth e st op an d d et en ti on an d t he subs eque ntco ns en su al se arch es las te d l on ge r th anne ces sa ry to effe ctua te th e st op ’s leg it im at e p ur po se s. Infact , at s om e p oi nta jou rn al is t wi th a cam era b eg anfil m in g t he en co un te r, an d Kil pa tri ck

sp ok e wit h t he jou rn al is t fo r te n t o fi fte enm inut es . The en ti re 4en co un te r, in cl ud in g Ki lp atric k’s co nv ers at io n wi th th e jou rn al is t, l as te d abo ut67

m in ut es . The u nd is pu te d fa ct s s ho w th atth e dur at io n o f th e st op was n ot un reas on ab le . Kil pa tri ckals o re qu es ts th atwe rev ers e th e d is tri ctco urt’s g ran t o f su m m ary jud gm en t o n h er Fi rs t Am en dm en t cl ai m be cau se th e st op of h er v eh ic le an d s earc he s o f he r pe rs onan d v anco ns ti tu te d u nl awfu l re ta li at io n fo r th e ex erci se of he r Fi rs t Am en dm en t ri gh ts . Howev er, Kil pa tri ck ’s cou ns el co nc ed edat o ral arg um en t tha t the vi ab il ity of h er Fi rs t Am en dm en t cl ai m was d ep en de ntup on he r Fo urthAm en dm en t cl ai m . Becau se th ere was reas on ab le su sp ic io n t o s up po rt t he in it ia l s to p, the du rat io n o f th e st op was re as on ab le , andKil pa tri ckco ns en te d t o th e se arch es of h er p ers onan d h er v eh ic le , th ere was no Fo urth Am en dm en t vi ol at io n a ndth eref

or e n o F irs t Am en dm en t v io la ti on . Furthe rm or e, Kil pa tri ck ha s wai ve d a ny argu m en t tha t the di stric t co urt erredby gran ti ng su m m ary jud gm en t o n h er Fi rs t Am en dm en t cl ai m an d h er t ort cl ai m s b ecau se sh e fai le d t o m ak e an y arg um en ts on th os e is su es in he r br ie fs be fo re thi s C ou rt. Al ls ta te Ins . Co . v. Swan n, 2 7 F .3d15 39 , 15 42 (11 thCir . 19 94 ) (“ Is su es th atcle arl y are n ot de si gn at edin th e in it ia l b rie f or di na ril y are co ns id eredab an do ne d.” ). AFFIRMED.

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