### • Avian Acute Oral with a Passe rine Species (OCSPP Guideline 850.2100): Acceptable acute avian acute oral toxicity data were not submitted for a passerine species exposed to Kresoxim

- methyl, which is now required under the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements. Though the available bobwhite quail study indicates Kresoxim

- methyl has low toxicity to upland game bird species, passerine species may be more or less sensitive to this chemical as a result of their higher metabolic rate and differing metabolic pathways. An avian oral toxicity study is needed for a passerine species. A passerine study protocol must be submitted for review by the Agency prior to initiation of the study.

• Estuarine/marine Invertebrate Chronic Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 850.1350): Kresoxim

- methyl has outdoor uses th at may result in exposure to estuarine/marine invertebrates. In addition, kresoxim

- methyl is highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates on an acute basis. An ACR is not appropriate because the freshwater acute and chronic data are based on the daphnid, which does not have a similar life history to the most sensitive estuarine/marine invertebrate species studied in the acute test ( i.e., eastern oyster). An ACR could be applied to the available acute mysid shrimp endpoint; however, the mysid is roughly 50 x less sensitive than the eastern oyster so this would introduce considerable uncertainty. Therefore this study is requested to reduce the uncertainty. Without this data chronic risk to estuarine/marine species will be presumed.

• Estuarine/marine Fish Early

- Life Stage Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 850.1400): Kresoxim

- methyl has outdoor uses that may result in exposure to estuarine/marine fish. Though kresoxim

- methyl is only moderately toxic to estuarine/marine fish on an acute basis this study is requested to reduce the uncertainty. An ACR from the freshwater species is not appropriate because the acute and chronic studies used different freshwater species. Without this data chronic risk to estuarine/marine species will be presumed.

# Problem Formulation for the Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Drinking

Water Assessments in Support of the Registration Review of Kresoxim

- methyl

(E)

- α

- (methoxyimino)

- 2

- [(2

- methylphenoxy)methyl]benzeneacetic acid methyl
ester CAS Registry Number: 143390

- 89

- 0 PC Code: 129111

Prepared by: Elizabeth Riley, Biologist I w ona Maher, 

### Environmental Scientist U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Fate and Effects Division Environmental Risk Branch VI 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Mail Code 7507P Washington, DC 20460 Reviewed by: William P. Eckel, Senior Scien ce Advisor Stephen Carey, Biologist



### November 20 , 2012 

## Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention

## Contents
1. Introduction

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 5 2. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

................................ ................................ ....... 5 2.1. Ecological Risk Assessments

................................ ................................ .......................... 5 2.2. Drinking Water Exposure Assessments

................................ ................................ ........... 6 2.3. Clean Water Act Programs

................................ ................................ ............................... 6 3. Environmental Fate and Transport

................................ ................................ ............................. 6 3.1. Transformation Products

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9 4. Receptors

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 11 4.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms

................................ ................................ ........................ 11 4.2. Effects to Terrestrial Organisms

................................ ................................ .................... 12 4.3. Ecological Incidents

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 13 5. Exposure Pathways of Concern

................................ ................................ ............................ 14 6. Analysis Plan

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 14 6.1. Stressors of Concern

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 14 6.2. Measures of Exposure

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 15 6.3. Measures of Effect

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 15 6.4. End angered Species Assessments

................................ ................................ .................. 15 6.5. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

................................ ................................ ....... 15 7. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps

................................ ................................ ............ 16 7.1. Environmental Fate

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 16 7.2. Eff ects

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 17 8. References

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 22 Appendices

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 22

## 1. Introduction

EFED evaluated the most recent ecological risk assessments for Kresoxim

- methyl in association with the update d toxicity, exposure, and usage information to determine if sufficient data are available and if further updates are needed to support registration review. Recent risk assessments include a 20 06 assessment for the use of Kresoxim

- methyl on cucurbit vegetables ( DP Barcode 326550 ) . In addition, EFE D considered the latest Agency science policies and risk assessment methodologies. The structure of Kresoxim

- methyl , as well as the chemical names and other identifiers can be found in the chemical identity table attached to this document ( Appendix 1)

.

K resoxim

- methyl is a fungicide in the strobilurin class used to inhibit spore germination, sporulation, and mycelia growth on leaf surfaces. It is registered for use on pom e fruits, cucurbits, grapes, pe cans, greenhouse ornamentals, and non

- residential land scape areas. It is formulated in 2 active end

- use products as a water dispersible granule . Treatment equipment includes aircraft, ground equipment

, high volume ground sprayer, and low volume ground
sprayer. The chemical profile produced by BEAD, locat ed in the docket, lists the use patterns of maxim um exposure s for the current uses of Kresoxim

- methyl

. EFED will use application scenarios that result in maximum exposure scenarios for a given use for the risk assessment

.



## 2. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

**2.1. Ecological Risk Assessments** 

The Agency has conducted multiple ecological risk assessments on Kresoxim

- methyl that serve as a basis for this scoping document . These assessments are briefly summarized below.

The most recent risk as sessment s for Kresoxim

- methyl are for the IR

- 4 new use registration of Kresoxim

- methyl on cucurbit vegetables ( DP Barcode 326550 ) and the Section 3 registration for use on apples, grapes and pecans (DP Barcodes 244862, 248122, 248123, 248359, 245119, 24678 2, 246987, and 250295) . The major ecological conclusions presented in the se risk
assessment s were as follows:

Table 1 . Summary of Risk Concerns Identified for Kresoxim

- methyl in Previous Assessments

Birds Mammals Terr

. Plants Terr

. Inverts Fish BCF Aquatic Inverts Aquatic Plants Groundwater Contamination Persistence Degrad at es of Concern



### -- -- -- -- -- -- √ a



### -- √ b

-- BF 490

- 1

a LOCs exceeded for estuarine/marine invertebrates and estuarine/marine and freshwater mollusks
b Though the parent degrades rapidly, the major acid degradate (BF 490

- 1) has the physical/chemical characteristics in common with those pesticides known to leach into ground water or to move offsite to surface water. However, available toxicity data for BF 490

- 1 indicates that it is practically non

- toxic to freshwater organisms.

## 2.2. **Drinking Water Exposure Assessments**

The latest Tier II drinking water exposure assessment for the proposed new use on the cucurbit vegetable was conducted for Kresoxim

- methyl in 2006 (USEPA, 2006 , D330783 ). That exposure assessment included both the parent and the major degradate BF

- 490

- 1. Exposure estimates of Kresoxim

- methyl from currently labeled uses that produce maximum exposure ( modified cucumber scenario ) were 11.7 μg/L (1

- in

- 10

- year peak), 0.11 μg/L (1

- in

- 10

- year annual mean), and 0.07 μg/L (30

- year mean) for surface water and 3.85 x 10 - 4 

### μg/L for ground water. Exposure estimates of BF 490

- 1 generated from the same scenario were 46.3 μg/L (1

- in

- 10

- year p eak), 14.8 μg/L (1

- in

- 10

- year annual mean), and 7.81 μg/L (30

- year mean) for surface water and 6.27 μg/L for ground water

. A modified PRZM/ EXAMS scenario for modeling Florida cucumbers was utilized to account for two growing seasons per year. In model ing concentrations of BF 490

- 1, full conversion to the degradate from the rapidly degrading parent compound was assumed.



## 2.3. **Clean Water Act Programs**

Kresoxim

- methyl is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water bodies listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act

. No Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) criteria have been developed for Kresoxim

- methyl

. Aquatic benchmarks have been established for Kresoxim

- methyl and are available at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/ecorisk_ders/aquatic_life_benchmark.htm . Any data submitted or otherwise located as part of the registration review process may be used to update aquatic life benchmarks if applicable.



## 3

. Environmental Fate and Transport

Based on findings of the envir onmental fate laboratory studies, parent Kresoxim

- methyl appears to rapidly degrade and is of moderate mobility

. Kresoxim

- methyl degrades very ra pidly to BF 490

- 1 in soil under aerobic conditions (half

- life less than 1 day), degrades rapidly under aerobic aquatic metabolism condi tions (half

- life of 1.3 days), and in flooded soil under anaerobic aquatic metabolism conditions (half

- life of 1 .1 day)

. The pa rent compound has low water solubility (2 ppm) appears to be non

- volatile in water and soil, and has moderate potential to bioconcentrate followed by rapid depuration

. It is very stable to hydrolysis at pH 5, relatively stable at pH 7 (half

- life=34 days), and becomes more susceptible to hydrolysis at pH 9 (half

- life=7 hours) forming BF 490

- 1. It is also relatively stable to aqueous and soil photolysis.

A r apidly d egraded parent compound is unlikely to have adv erse effects on the environment. Results from the terrestrial field dissipation study ( MRID 44421005 ) showed that Kresoxim

methyl dissipated relativ ely rapidly with a half

- life of less than 3 days in the bare ground plots of the New York, Oregon, and California sites

. Kresoxim

- methyl was not detected below the 3

- inch depth at any sampling interval, wi t h the exception of one Kresoxim

- methyl detection (0.012

### ppm) in one of the three replicates in 3

- 6” soil depth immediately after the first application in the Oregon site. Since Kresoxim

- methyl is expecte d to dissipate rapidly via metabolism

, it is rather unlikely that it will leach into ground water of a shallow aquifer, but it may reach surface water via spray drif t during an application. I ts acid degradate, BF 490

- 1

, appears to be more persistent and more mobile than the parent , and it may potentially move off site into nearby bodies of water, and leach into shallow aquifers

. Therefore, both the parent and the major degradat e BF

490

- 1 will be considered in the risk as sessment. A selection of environmental fate and transport properties of Kresoxim

- methyl and its major degradate, BF 490

- 1, is summarized in Table 2

.

Table 2

. Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate Parameters of Kresoxim

- methyl and the major dagradate BF

- 490

- 1.

Parameter Value Description Source Selected Physical/Chemical Parameters Molecular mass (molecular formula) Parent 313.4 g/mol ( C 18 H 19 NO 4 ) BF

- 490

- 1 299.3 g/mol ( C 17 H 17 NO 4 ) -- Phys/chem. Property data (Sec. 3)

Vapor pressure (20°C) 1 .71x 10 - 9 mmHg (parent) Non

- volatil e parent and degradate Phys/chem. Property data (Sec. 3)
Aqueous solubility (20 ° C) 2 mg/L (parent)

3661 (BF 490

- 1 ) Low water s olub ility

Highly water soluble Phys/chem. Property data (Sec. 3) Estimated based on Koc Henry’s Law Constant 3.5x 10 - 10 atm m 3 /mol (parent) Non

- volatile Phys/chem. Property data (Sec. 3) Log o ctanol

- to

- water partition coefficient ( Log K OW ) 3.40 (25 o C ; parent) Moderately hydrophobic Phys/chem. Property data (Sec. 3)

Persistence Hydrolysis half

- life (25 ° C) pH 5: stable (parent) pH 7: 34 d (parent) pH 9: 7 hrs (parent) pH 5,7,9: stable (BF 490

- 1) Hydrolysis of parent shows a strong pH dependence MRID 4 3864268

Aqueous photolysis half

- life ( pH 5, 25 ° C) 59.6 d (parent) 14.8 d (parent) stable (BF 490

- 1) Not major route of degradation MRID 44341031 MRID 44341032

Soil photolysis half

- life (25 ° C) 70.4 d (parent) stable (BF 490

- 1) Not major route of degradation MRID 4434103 3

Aerobic soil metabolism half

- life (20°C) <1 d (parent)

131 d (BF 490

- 1) Rapid degradation pathway Persistent in soil MRID s 43864269, 43864270, 43864271

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism half

- life (20 ° C) 0.9, 1.3 (parent) Rapid degradation pathway MRID 43864272Parameter Value Description Source Aerobic aquatic metabolism half

- life (20 ° C) 1.2 d, 1.3 d (parent) >>100 d (BF 490

- 1) Rapid degradation pathway MRID 43864273

Mobility

Freundlich soil

- water partition coefficients (K F ); parent 0.93, 3.45, 6.49, 10.52 L/kg BF

- 490

- 1 0.44, 0.79, 0.87 L/kg OC MRID 43864276

MRID 4434 1034

Organic carbon

- normalized Freundlich coefficients (K FOC ) parent 249, 320, 541, 567 BF 490

- 1 33, 44, 69 Mo derate mobility

M obil e A MRID 43864276

MRID 4434 1034

Field Dissipation

Terrestrial field dissipation half

life; leaching depth New York (bare loamy sand) 4.5 hrs ( parent, 0

- 3” depth) 6.8 d (parent + BF 490

- 1) 10 d (parent + BF 490

- 5) Oregon (bare loam/ silt loam ) 2.9 d ( parent, 0

- 3” depth B ) 6.6 d (parent + BF 490

- 1) 18 d (parent + BF 490

- 5) California (bare sandy loam/ l oamy sand ) <1 hr ( parent, 0

- 3” depth) 4.9 d (parent + BF 490

- 1)

, BF 490

- 1leached to deepest sampling depth of 8

- 12” 4 d (parent + BF 490

- 5) MRID 44421005

Nova Scotia (sandy loam) BF 490

- 1 (3

- 6” depth) Ontario (loam) BF 490

- 1 (6

- 12” depth) British Columbia (sandy loam) BF 490

- 1 (6

- 12” depth) Mobilit y of anionic BF 490

- 1 showed to be pH dependent C MRID 44619801

Fish Bioconcentration

Fish bioconcentration factors (BCF) ; depuration rate 430X (visceria), 53X (fillet), 220X (whole); 72% (visceria ), 90% (fillet ), 78% (whole) depuration in 1 day Moderate bioconcentration potential MRID 44341037

A Based on the standardized classification scheme from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN
B W it h the exception of one Kresoxim

- methyl detection (0.012 ppm) in one of three replicates in 3

- 6” soil zone immediately after the first application

. The detection was likely caused by contamination.
C Jackson, S.H. and Wesley, D.S. 1997. Field Dissipation of BAS 490 F in orchard use patterns for Canada. Submitted by BASF

.

## 3.1. **Transformation Products**

The majo r degradate of Kresoxim

- methyl in submitted env ironmental fate studies was BF 490

- 1

, e .g. acid of Kresoxim

- methyl ( hydrolysis pH 7 and 9

, aerobic soil metabolism, aerobic and anaerobic aquatic metabolism)

. One minor degradate, BF 490

- 5, a diacid of Kresoxim

- methyl

, was observed in the aerobic soil metabolism and field dissipation study

. Table 3 summar izes the transformation product of Kresoxim

- methyl and its maximum amounts formed.

BF 490

- 1 formed up to 100% of th e applied parent at 4 days posttreatment (PTT) during hydrolysis at pH 9 and only minimally de creased in concentration by study termination to 98.4% at 30 days PTT

. In the aerobic soil metabolism study

, the degradate was formed in the amount of 66.7 % on the second day PTT and decreased to 8.5 % at the study termination at 364 day s PTT

. This degradate was detected in the field studies at the maximum of 0.361 ppm in a soil depth of 3” , at the Oregon site, after the 4 th 

### application of Kresoxim

- methyl to the soil

. In this study Kresoxim

- methyl was applied four times at 0. 24 lbs a.i./acre/application at seven

- day intervals

. BF 490

- 1 leached to the dee pest sampling depth which was up to 12

- inches deep in the California site of the terrestrial field dissipation study (MRID 44421005 )

.

Based on the s ubmitted environmental fate studies for the parent and analysis of the formation and decline curve for BF 490

- 1, the degradate is stable to hydrolysis, aerobic and anaerobic aquatic metabolism, relatively stable to aerobic soil metabolism, and shown to be moderately persistent in the terrestrial field dissipation study. A mobility study indicates that BF 490

- 1 is mobile

, with K F OC 

### values in three soils ranging from 33 to 69 ( MRID 44341034 ). The re is potential for BF 490

- 1 to leach in to ground water in vulnerable aquifers, such as those with alkaline soils, low organic matter, high sand, or a shallow ground water table

. T he degradate has

a potential to move off site to nearby surface water fo llo wing rainfall

.Page 10 of 35 

### Table 3

. Kresoxim

- methyl and i ts Major Environmental Degradate

Code Name/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

PARENT 

### Kresoxim

methyl (BAS 490 F) CAS No.: 143390

- 89

- 0

Formula: C 18 H 19 NO 4 MW: 313.4 g/mol

MAJOR TRANSFORMATION PRODUCT 

### BF 490

- 1 ( a cid of Kresoxim

methyl ) ((E)

- 2

- [2

- (2

- methylphenoxy)methyl]

- phenyl

2

- (methoxyimido)acetic acid

Formula: C 1 7 H 1 7 NO 4 MW: 2 99. 3 g/mol Hydrolysis pH7 pH9 43864268 45.3 % (30 d) 100% ( 4 d) 45.3 % (30 d) 98.4 % (30 d)

Soil photolysis 4434103 3 2.4% (15 d ) 2.4% (15 d )

Aerobic soil 43864271 44539707 A 66.7 % (2 d) 57.2% (14 d) 8.5 % ( 364 d) 7.1 % (218 d) Anaerobic

aquatic 43864272 90.7% ( 7 d) 91.5% (14 d) 24.3% ( 363 d) B 34.9% (363 d) C

Aerobic a quatic 4386427 3 79.7% ( 7 d ) 8 1.2% ( 7 d) 69.1% (100 d) D
67.5% (100 d) E

Terr dissipation 44421005 0.25 ppm (3 d ) F 0.361 ppm (3 d) F
0.238 ppm ( 2 d) F 0 ppm (360 d) F

A Study in which an exaggerated dose rate was used.

B Study conducted on phenoxy ring

- labeled [ 14 C]kresoximm ethyl (A

- label) plus non

- radiolabeled kresoxim methyl.
C Study conducted with an undiluted mixture of uniformly phenyl ring

- labeled [ 14 C]kresoxim methyl (B

- labeled)

. D In the Krempe water/ sediment system.

E In the Ohlau water/ sediment system

. F Kresoxim

- methyl was applied four times at 0.24 lbs a.i./acre/application and seven

- day intervals.

Provided are average soil residue values in ppm at the 0

- 3" soil depth a fter the 4th application in New York, Oregon, and California soil

.Page 11 of 35 

## 4. Receptors

Table and Table provide a summary of the aquatic and terrestrial taxonomic groups, respectively, and most sensitive surrogate species tested to characterize the potential acute and chronic ecological effects of Kresoxim

- methyl

. Table provide s this same information for the degradate BF 490

- 1

. In addition, the table s provide a preliminary overview of the potential acute toxicity of Kresoxim

- methyl by providing the acute toxicity classifications. Based on the available ecotoxicity information, Kresoxim

- methyl is particularly toxic to freshwater fish and freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates

. Kres oxim

- methyl is also moderately toxic to estuarine/marine fish. However, Kresoxim

methyl is practically non

- toxic to birds, mammals and terrestrial invertebrates. Available data on the major degradate, BF 490

- 1 , suggest that it is less toxic than parent Kresoxim

methyl

. Additional detail is included in the following tables.



## 4.1. **Effects to Aquatic Organisms**

Table 4 . Summary of the M ost S ensitive E ndpoints from A quatic T oxicity S tudies for Kresoxim

- methyl Taxonomic

Group Study Type Surrogate Species T oxicity Value (all units in

terms of measured

active ingredient ) Acute Toxicity Classification Source (Study classification)

Freshwater fish 1 Acute Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) LC 50 = 0.19 mg/L Highly toxic 43864227 (Acceptable)

Chronic (Early Life

Stage) Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) NO A EC = 0.087 mg/L LO A EC = 0.160 mg/L Endpoint: survival and growth -- 44341008 (Acceptable)

Freshwater invertebrates Acute Water Flea ( Daphnia magna ) EC 50 = 0.332 mg/L Highly toxic 43864230 (Acceptable)

Chronic Water Flea NO A EC = 0. 055 mg/L LO A EC = 0.107 mg/L Endpoint: reproduction and growth -- 44341004 (Acceptable)

Estuarine/marine fish Acute Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegat u s ) LC 50 = 1.173 mg/L Moderately toxic 44341005 (Acceptable)Page 12 of 35 Taxonomic

Group Study Type Surrogate Species T oxicity Value (all units in

terms of measured

active ingredient ) Acute Toxicity Classification Source (Study classification)

Chronic No data available.

Estuarine/marine invertebrates Acute Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) EC 50 = 0.0015 mg/L Endpoint: s hell growth Very highly toxic 44341006 (Acceptable)

Chronic No data available.

Aquatic plants and algae Vascular Duckweed ( Lemna gibba ) NO A EC = 0.301 mg/L EC 50 > 0.301 mg/L -- 44341014 (Acceptable)

Non

vascular Freshwater diatom ( Navicula pelliculosa ) NOAEC = 0.012 mg/L EC 50 = 0.0292 mg/L -- 44341018 (Acceptable)

1 Freshwater fish may be surrogates for aquatic

- phase amphibians.

Table 5 . Summary of the M ost S ensitive E ndpoints from A quatic T oxicity S tudies for BF 490

- 1

Taxonomic

Group Study Type Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in terms of measured degradate ) Acute Toxicity Classification Source (Study classification)

Freshwater fish 1 Acute Rainbow Trout LC 50 > 1 04 mg/L Practically

non

- toxic 43864228 (Supplemental)

Freshwater invertebrates Acute Water Flea NOAEC = 60 mg/L EC 50 > 1 00 mg/L Practically

non

- toxic 43864229 (Supplemental)

1 Freshwater fish may be surrogates for aquatic

- phase amphibians.



## 4.2. **Effects to Terrestrial Organisms**

Table 6 . Summary of the M ost S ensitive E ndpoints from T errestrial T oxicity S tudies for Kresoxim

- methyl

Taxonomic

Group Study Type Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in terms of measured active ingredient) Acute Toxicity Classification Source (Study classification)

Birds 1 Acute Bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus ) LD 50 > 2150 mg/kg

- bw Practically

non

- toxic 43883602 (Acceptable)Page 13 of 35 Taxonomic

Group Study Type Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in terms of measured active ingredient) Acute Toxicity Classification Source (Study classification)

Sub

- acute dietary Mallard duck ( Anas platyrhynchos ) LC 50 > 5000 mg/kg

- diet Practically

non

- toxic 00022923 (Acceptable)

Chronic Bobwhite quail NO A EC = 500 mg/kg

- diet LO A EC = 1000 mg/kg

- diet Endpoint: eggs cracked/eggs laid -- 43864225 (Acceptable)

Mammals Acute Oral Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg

- bw Practically

non

- toxic 43864232

Chronic Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) NO A EL = 10000 mg/kg

- diet LOAEL = 16000 mg/kg

- diet Endpoint: systemic toxicity -- 43864253

Insects Acute
contact Honey bee ( Apis mellifera L. ) LD 50 > 25 μg/bee Practically

non

- toxic 44341030 (Supplemental)

Terrestrial plants Seedling Emergence 2 Dicot EC 25 > 0.35 lb/A

-- 44341013 (Acceptable
Monocot EC 25 > 0.35 lb/A

--

Vegetative Vigor 3 Dicot

– lettuce 4 ( Lactuca sativa ) NOAEC = 0.18 lb/A EC 25 = 0.30 lb/A Endpoint: shoot dry weight -- 44341016 (Acceptable)

Monocot EC 25 > 0.35 lb/A

-- 44421002 (Acceptable)

1 Birds represent surrogates for terrestrial

- phase amphibians and reptiles.
2 Data are from Tier I seedling emergence or vegetative vigor study.
3 Data are from Tier I vegetative vigor study unless otherwise noted.
4 Based on results from the Tier I vegetative vigor study a Tier II study was conducted with lettuce only.



## 4.3. **Ecological Incidents**

The ecological incident information system (EIIS) is an OPP database that houses ecological incidents that have been reported to the Agency. When available, EIIS includes date and location of an incident, type and magnitude of effects observed inPage 14 of 35 

### various species, use(s) of pesticides known or suspected of contributing to the incident, and results of any chemical residue analysis or other analyses conducted during incident investigation. EIIS inciden ts are cat egorized according to the certainty that the in cident resulted from pesticide exposure. The Avian Monitoring System (AIMS) is a database administered by the American Bird Conservancy that contains publicly available data on reported avian incidents involving pesticides. Many of the incidents listed i n this database are also in the EIIS

.
There were no reported incidents in EIIS for kresoxim

- methyl

. Howeve r, incidents with plants, birds, honey bees, and fish have been reported with other chemicals in the strobilurin class

. For example, there are mult iple reports of the phytotoxic effects of azoxystrobin to plants. In addition, a California bee keeper reported that a combination of pesticides, including the strobilurins pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin, resulted in the death of his bees (Incident No. I0 24029

- 001). T here are also reports of pyraclostrobin effects on fish (Incident No. I020252

- 001) and plants (Incident No. I022082

- 32).

As of 9 July , 2012, AIMS identified no ecological incidents involving Kresoxim

- methyl and no minor incidents have been reported

.



## 5. Exposure Pathways of Concern

The environmental fate and toxicity profile for Kresoxim

- methyl and its degradate suggests that direct spray, spray drift, leaching and runoff represent the likely exposure pathways for terrestrial and aquatic non

- target organisms. Drinking water and inhalation exposure pathways were screened using the SIP (Screening Imbibit ion Program) and STIR (Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk) screening methods and were found to be exposure pathways of low concern (no LOC exceedances are expected). SIP and STIR are described in detail at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm

.



## 6 . Analysis Plan

**6.1. Stressors of Concern** 

Ecological Risk Assessment

Based on available toxicity data, it appears that the only stressor of ecologic al concern for
terre strial organisms is Kresoxim

- methyl

.

Submitted studies indicate that the primary degradate BF 490

- 1 is less toxic to aquatic animals than Kresoxim

- methyl . Therefore, all risk calculations will be for parent Kresoxim

- methyl only.

Drinking WaterPage 15 of 35 

### The drinking water assessments conducted to support future human health risk assessments of Kresoxim

- methyl will incorporate model estimates of Kresoxim

- methyl residues of concern, which are the parent compound and the major degradate BF 490

- 1 (USEPA, 2006 ; DP barcode 399718 ) in surface and ground waters. Kresoxim

- methyl and BF 490

- 1 will be assessed separately

. To model concentrations of BF 490

- 1, full conversion to the degradate from Kresoxim

- methyl will be assumed. In the absence of data, it will be ass umed that BF 490

- 1 is stable to anaerobic aquatic metabolism and th e aerobic aquatic metabolism inpu t value will also be assumed stable (as two available half

- lives are reported only as >1 00 days , DWA 2006 ).



## 6.2. **Measures of Exposure**

EFED will use standard available models to evaluate potential exposures to aquatic and terrestrial organisms as described at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm

.



## 6.3. **Measures of Effect**

Toxicity data presented in Section 3 of this problem formulation will be used to calculate risk quotients. Any additional information subm itted by the registrant or found in the open literature prior to conduct of the risk assessment will also be considered. The open literature studies are identified using EPA’s ECOTOXicology database ( ECOTOX) ( USEPA, 2007 c ), which employs a literature sear ch engine for locating chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. The evaluation of both sources of data can also provide insight into the direct and indirect effects of pesticides on biotic communities from loss of species that are sensitive to the chemical s and from changes in structure and functional characteristic s of the affected communities.



## 6.4. **Endangered Species Assessments**

Consistent with the Agency’s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Age ncy will evaluate risks to federally listed threatened and/or endangered (listed) species from registered uses of pesticides in registration review

. The process for evaluating potential risks to listed species is further described at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/endanger/litstatus/riskasses.htm

.



## 6.5. **Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program**

Kresoxim

- methyl was not included in the first group of 67 chemicals issued an order to conduct Tier 1 EDSP testing. For additional information the EDSP program, visit http://www.epa.gov/endo/

.Page 16 of 35 

## 7. **Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps**

7.1. Environmental Fate

The registrant did not submit a separate aerobic soil metabolism study for BF 490

- 1. A study submitted for the parent (MRID 43864271) was used to derive a valid hal f

- life for BF 490

- 1. Additional data are not crucial because they are not expected to subs tantially change the aerobic soil metabolism half

- life obtained from the formation and decline

curve of the submitted study for the parent. Besides this, the environmental fate and transport database is complete for the purpose of the Kresoxim

- methyl regi stration review

.

Table and Table identify environmental fate studies by MRID that offer data for each guidel ine requirement, as well as study classifications and whether or not further data are needed in order to support risk assessment.

Table 7 . Submitted Environmental Fate Data for Kresoxim

- methyl

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions E PA will Make in Absence of Data

835.2120 Hydrolysis 43864268 Acceptable No

-- 835.2240 Aqueous photolysis 44341031 Acceptable No

-- 4434103 2 Acceptable
835.2410 Soil photolysis 44341033 Acceptable No

-- 835.4100 Aerobic soil metabolism 4386 4 271 Acceptable No

-- 43864269 / 43864270 Supplemental

44539707 Supplemental
835.4300 Aerobic aquatic metabolism 4386427 3 Supplemental No

--

835.4400 Anaerobic aquatic metabolism 43864272 Acceptable No

--

835.1230 835.1240 Adsorption/ desorption and leaching 43864276 Acceptable No

-- 43864274 Unacceptable

835.6100 Terrestrial field dissipation 44421005 A cceptable N o

-- 43883606 Una cceptable
44619801 S upplemental

Storage Stability Study (TFD) 44649202 Supplemental

165

- 4 Fish 44341037 Supplemental No Additional data are not needed becausePage 17 of 35 OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions E PA will Make in Absence of Data

(850.1730) bioconcentration 4434103 8 Supplemental Kresoxim

- methyl if found in surface water it is expected to degrade rapidly thus will not be available to appreciably bioconcentrate in aquatic animals.
Non

guideline Analytical method in soil (modified) 443410 25 Acceptable No The analytical methods were validated by independent laboratory and evaluated by (ECM No. 0 137s 1 and 01 37W 1

- W2) the OPP/EPA Environmental Chemistry Laboratory in Mississippi

. Analytical method in aquatic media 4434 10 1 5 Acceptable

Table 8

. Submitted Environmental Fate Data for Kresoxim

- methyl Degradate, BF 490

- 1

.

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data /Comments

835.4100 Aerobic soil metabolism NA

-- No A separate s tudy conducted on BF 490

- 1 is not available; however, a study submitted for the parent ( MRID 43864271 ) wa s suffic ient to calculate a valid half

- life for BF 490

- 1. A dditional data are not needed because they are not
expec ted to substantially change the resulted half

- live from the formation and decline curve

. 835.1230 Adsorption/ desorption 44341034 Acceptable No

-- 4386427 5 Una cc eptable
Non

guideline Storage Stability Study (TFD) 44649202 Supplemental No Conducted on BF 490

- 1 and BF 490

- 5.

Analytical method in soil (modified) 443410 25 Acceptable No The analytical methods were validated by independent laboratory and evaluated by (ECM No. 0 137s 1 and 01 37W 1

- W2) the OPP/EPA Environmental Chemistry Laboratory in Mississippi. Analytical method in aquatic media 4434 10 1 5 Acceptable

NA

– not available



## 7

.2. Effects

Table and Table identify ecological effects studies by MRID that offer data for each guidel ine requirement, as well as study classifications and whether or not further data are needed in order to support risk assessment. Rationale for the additional data requested is presented below the tables.Page 18 of 35 

### For the major degradate BF 490

- 1 , acute toxicity data are available for freshwater fish and freshwater invertebrates. This data is sufficient for the registration review risk assessment for Kresoxim

- methyl

. Table identifies ecological effects studies that are needed for the effects assessment and rationale for these requests is presented in the table.

Table 9

. Submitted A quatic E cological E ffects D ata for Kresoxim

- methyl

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct

risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data

850.1010 Freshwater invertebrate acute toxicity 43864230 Acceptable No

--

850.1025 850.1035 Estuarine/Marine invertebrate acute toxicity 44341006 Acceptable No

--
44341007 Acceptable

850.1075 Freshwater fish acute toxicity 43864226 Acceptable No

-- 43864227 Acceptable

850.1075 Estuarine/Marine fish acute toxicity 4 44341005 Acceptable No

--

850.1300 Freshwater invertebrate life cycle 44341004 Acceptable No

--Page 19 of 35 OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct

risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data

850.1350 Estuarine/Marine invertebrates life cycle (None) (N/A) Yes Kresoxim

- methyl has outdoor uses that may result in exposure to estuarine/marine invertebrates. In addition, k

resoxim

- methyl is highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates on an acute basis. An ACR is not appropriate because the freshwater acute and chr onic data are based on the daphnid, which does not have a similar life history to the most sensitive estuarine/ m arine invertebrate species studied in the acute test ( i.e., eastern oyster )

. An ACR could be applied to the available acute mysid shrimp endpoin t; however, the mysid is roughly 50x less sensitive than the eastern oyster so this would introduce considerable uncertainty. Therefore this study is requested to reduce the uncertainty. Without this data chronic risk to estuarine/marine species will be pr esumed.

850.1400 Freshwater fish early

- life stage 44341008 Acceptable No

--Page 20 of 35 OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct

risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data

850.1400 Estuarine/Marine fish early

- life stage (None) (N/A) Yes Kresoxim

- methyl has outdoor uses that may result in exposure to estuarine/marine fish. Though kresoxim

- methyl is only moderately toxic to estuarine/marine fish on an acute basis this study is requested to reduce the uncertainty. An ACR from the freshwater species is not appropriate because the acute and chronic studies used different freshwa ter species. Without this data chronic risk to estuarine/marine species will be presumed.

850.1500 Fish life cycle (None) (N/A) No

-- 850.4400 Aquatic plant
g rowth: Tier II vascular plants 44341014 Accep table No

--

850.5400 Aquatic Plant Growth: Tier II algae 44341017 Acceptable No

-- 44341018 Acceptable

44341019 Acceptable

44341020 Acceptable

44341021 AcceptablePage 21 of 35 Table 10

. Submitted Terrestrial E cological E ffects D ata for Kresoxim

- methyl

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed for risk
assessment ? Current Additional Data Need

850.2100 Avian oral toxicity 43883602 Acceptable Yes Acceptable acute avian acute oral toxicity data were not submitted for a passerine species exposed to Kresoxim

methyl , which is now required under the 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements. Though the available bobwhite quail study indicates Kresoxim

- methyl ha s low toxicity to upland game bird species, passerine species may be more or less sensitive to this chemical as a result of their higher metabolic rate and differing metabolic pathways. An avian oral toxicity study is needed for a passerine species. A pas serine study protocol must be submitted for review by the Agency prior to initiation of the study.

850.2200 Avian dietary toxicity 43864223 Supplemental No

-- 43864224 Acceptable

850.2300 Avian reproduction 43864225 Acceptable No

-- 44341003 Supplemental

Non

guideline Avian inhalation (None) (N/A) No

--

850.3020 Honey bee
acute contact toxicity 44341030 Supplemental No

--

850.3030 Honey bee residue on foliage (None) (N/A) No

--

850.3040 Field testing for pollinators (None) (N/A) No

--

850.4100 Terrestrial
p lant toxicity: Tier I seedling
emergence 44341013 Acceptable No

--

850.4150 Terrestrial 44421002 Acceptable No

--Page 22 of 35 OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed for risk
assessment ? Current Additional Data Need

p lant toxicity: Tier I and II vegetative vigor 44341016

Table 11

. A quatic E cological E ffects D ata for the Kresoxim

- methyl Degradate , BF 490

- 1

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed for risk
assessment ? Current Additional Data Need

850.10 10 Freshwater invertebrate acute toxicity 43864229 Supplemental No

--

850. 1075 Freshwater fish acute toxicity 43864228 Supplemental No

--



## 8 . References

USEPA 2006. EFED Drinking Water Assessment for the IR

- 4 Tolerance Petition for Use of Kresoxim Methyl on Cucurbit Vegetables [Second revision]. D330783 July 28

, 2006

USEPA 1999. EFED Risk Assessment for the Section 3 Registration of Kresoxi,

- methyl on Apples, Grapes and Pecans. D244862, D248122, D248123, D248359, D245119, D246782, D246987, and D250295 June 14, 1999.

USEPA 2006. Ecological Risk Assessment for the IR

- 4 New Use of Kresoxim

- methyl on Cucurbit Vegetables. D326550 July 12, 2006.


## Appendices

Appendix A . Bead Report

Table. A.1. Summary of Kresoxim

- methyl Use Information

Site Desc A. I. Max App Rate Max # Apps

@ Max Rate /

CC Product Seasonal

Max Dose/Year A. I. Conv Seasonal

Max Dose/Year Product Seasonal

Max Dose/CC A. I. Seasonal

Max Dose/CC Max # Apps

@ Max Rate / Unit of Time Minimum Retreatment

Interval

CUCURBIT VEGETABLES .15 lb / a 4 NS NS 19.2 oz /

a .6 lb / a NS 7 dPage 23 of 35 GRAPES .2 lb /

a 4 NS NS 25.6 oz /

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

GREENHOUSES

IN USE .2 lb / 100 gal NS NS NS 25.6 oz /

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL AND/OR SHADE TREES .2 lb / 100 gal NS NS NS 25.6 oz /

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL HERBACEOUS PLANTS .2 lb / 100 gal NS NS NS 25.6 oz /

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL NONFLOWERING PLANTS .2 lb / 100 gal NS NS NS 25.6 oz /

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

ORNAMENTAL WOODY SHRUBS AND VINES .2 lb / 100 gal NS NS NS 25.6 oz /

a .8 lb / a NS 7 d

PECAN .15 lb / a 3 NS NS 14.4 oz /

a .45 lb / a NS 21 d

POME FRUITS .2 lb /

a 4 NS NS 25.6 oz /

a .8 lb / a NS 7 dPage 24 of 35 

### Appendix B. OPPIN Bibliography

129111 Kresoxim

- methyl Eco Effects Bibliography 10/02/11 71

- 1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

438836 02 Munk, R. (1993) Avian Single

- Dose Oral LD50 of Reg No. 242 009 (BAS 490 F) in the Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus): Lab Project Number: 93/10286: 11W0180/94106. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 44 p.
71

- 2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

438642 23 Munk, R. (1993) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of Reg. No. 242 009 (BAS 490 F) in Chicks of the Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus): Lab Project Number: 93/11057: 31W0180/91084: PCP02321. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 52 p.

438642 24 Mu nk, R. (1993) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of Reg. No. 242 009 (BAS 490 F) in Chicks of the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos L.): Lab Project Number: 93/11105: 32W0180/91089: PCP02321. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 57 p.
71

- 4 Av ian Reproduction

MRID Citation Reference

438642 25 Munk, R. (1994) One Generation Reproduction Study with Reg. No. 242 009 (BAS 490 F) on the Bobnwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) by Administration in the Diet: Lab Project Number: 94/10877: 71W0180/91073: PCP02099. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 387 p.

443410 03 Beavers, J.; Chafey , K.; Mitchell, L.; et al. (1995) Reg. No. 242 009 (BAS 490 F): A Reproduction Study with the Mallard: (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 95/11111: 147

- 167: 72W0180/919025. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 153 p.
72

- 1 Acut e Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID Citation Reference

438642 26 Graves, W.; Swigert , J.; Holmes, C.; et al. (1995) A 96

- Hour Flow

Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): (BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 95/5168: 147A

139: 95116. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 49 p.Page 25 of 35 

### 438642 27 Graves , W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C.; et al. (1995) A 96

- Hour Flow

Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): (BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 95/5167: 147A

- 138: 95115. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 49
p.

438642 28 Munk, R. (1994) Study on the Acute Toxicity of Reg. No. 262 451 (BAS 490

- 1) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) in a Static Renewal System (96 Hours): Lab Project Number: 94/10621: PCP02557: 12F0032/935007. Unpublished study pre pared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 35 p.
72

- 2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID Citation Reference

438642 29 Dohmen , G. (1994) Study on the Acute Toxicity of Reg. No. 262 451 (BAS 490

- 1) on Daphnia magna Straus: Lab Project Number: 94/10622: PCP02462: P93

- E029. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 21 p.

438642 30 Graves, W.; Swigert , J.; Holmes, C.; et al. (1995) A 48

- Hour Flow

Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna): Lab Project Number: 95/5169: 147A

- 137: 95114. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 48 p.
72

- 3 Acute Toxicity to Est uarine/Marine Organisms

MRID Citation Reference

443410 05 Graves, W.; Swigert , J.; Holmes, C. (1996) BAS 490 F: A 96

- Hour Flow

- Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon Variegatus): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5153: 147A

- 135: 95040. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 49 p.

443410 06 Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C. (1996) BAS 490 F: A 96

- Hour Shell Deposition Test with the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5152: 147A

- 134: 95041. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife Internati onal Ltd. 49 p.

443410 07 Graves, W.; Swigert, J.; Holmes, C. (1996) BAS 490 F: A 96

- Hour Flow

- Through Acute Toxicity Test with the Saltwater Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5151: 147A

- 136: 95042. Unpublished study prepare d by Wildlife International Ltd. 50 p.
72

- 4 Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID Citation ReferencePage 26 of 35 

### 443410 04 Graves, W.; Mank, M.; Swigert , J.; et al. (1996) BAS 490 F: A Flow

- Through Life

- Cycle Toxicity Test with the Cladoceran (Daphnia magna): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5154: 147A

- 132: 95002. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 63 p.

443410 08 Graves, W.; Mank, M.; Swigert, J.; et al. (1996) BAS 490 F: An Early Life

- Stage Toxicity Test with the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 96/5155: 147A

- 133: 95038. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 79 p.
72

- 6 Aquatic Field Study
460743 04 Dohmen, G. (2002) Chronic Effects of BAS 492 01 F on Juvenile Fish

- Leuciscus idus L. "Golden Variety"

- under More Realistic Exposure Conditions in Small Field Microcosms . Project Number: 20025/1011545, 54438. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Ag Research Station. 48 p.
122

- 1 Seed Germination/Seedline Emergence and Vegetable Vigor

MRID Citation Reference

443410 13 Blackburn, R. (1992) Tier I Seed Germination/Seedling Emergence Non

- Target Phytotoxicity Study using BAS 490 F (Reg. No. 242 009 TAI): Lab Project Number: 92/5182: 92068: 95055. Unpublished study prepared by Pan

- Agricultural Labs, Inc. 91 p.

444210 02 Elliott, D. (1992) Tier 1 Vegetative Vigor Non

- Target Phytotoxicity Study Using BAS 490 F: Lab Project Number: 92/5183: 92056: 92069. Unpublished study prepared by Pan

- Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. 70 p.
122

- 2 Aquatic plant growth

MRID Citation R eference

443410 14 Hughes, J.; Jackson, S. (1994) Tier I Non

- Target Aquatic Plant Toxicity Study on BAS 490 F (Reg. No. 242 009): Lab Project Number: 94/5003: B445

- 131: ADPEN

- A92125

- 001. Unpublished study prepared by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 87 p.
123

- 1 Seed germination/seedling emergence and vegetative vigor

MRID Citation Reference

443410 16 Elliot, D. (1993) Tier II Vegetative Vigor Nontarget Phytotoxicity Study using BAS 490 F (BAS 242 009): Lab Project Number: 93/5153: 92184. Unpublished study prepared by Pan

- Agricultural Labs, Inc. 40 p.Page 27 of 35 

### 123

- 2 Aquatic plant growth

MRID Citation Reference

443410 17 Thompson, S.; Swigert , J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 14

- Day Toxicity Test with Duckweed (Lemna gibba G3): Lab Project Number: 95/5049: 147A

- 113: ADPEN

- B93158

- 001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 71
p.

443410 18 Thom pson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 5

- Day Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Diatom (Navicula pelliculosa): Lab Project Number: 95/5048: 147A

- 114A: ADPEN

B93157

- 001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. and Ad pen Labs, Inc. 68 p.

443410 19 Thompson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 5

- Day Toxicity Test with the Marine Diatom (Skeletonema costatum): Lab Project Number: 95/5054: 147A

- 117: ADPEN

B93156

- 001. Unpublished study prepared by Wil dlife International Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 67 p.

443410 20 Thompson, S.; Swigert, J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 5

- Day Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Alga (Selenastrum capricornutum): Lab Project Number: 95/5051: 147A

- 116: ADPEN

B93159

- 001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 73 p.

443410 21 Thompson, S.; Swigert , J.; Jackson, S. (1995) BAS 490 F: A Tier II 5

- Day Toxicity Test with the Freshwater Alga (Anabaena flos

aquae): Lab Project Number: 95/5050: 147A

- 115A: ADPEN

B93155

- 001. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 68 p.

141

- 1 Honeybee Acute Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

443410 30 V.L. Maggi, Acute Contact Toxicity of BAS 490 F (Reg. No. 242 009) to Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L. ) September 29, 1992 California Agricultural Research, Inc., Kerman, CA BASF Corporation , Research Triangle Park, NC

Non Guideline Selections

MRID Citation Reference

N.A. Overview of Acute and Chronic studies by RegistrantPage 28 of 35 

### 129111 Kresoxim

- methyl Fate Chemistry Bibliography Fate Folder= F001332 9/19/11 161

- 1 Hydrolysis

MRID Citation Reference

43864268 Bieber, W. (1992) Hydrolysis of the Test Substance, Reg. No. 242 009 (BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 92/11828: NA 92 9625. Unpublished study prepared by NATEC Institute. 34 p.
161

- 2 Photodegradation

- water
MRID Citation Reference

44341031 Goetz, A.; Geiger, D.; McGown, S. (1994) Aqueous Photolysis of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F (Label B): Lab Project Number: 94/5156: M9332: 93196. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 117 p.

44341032 Goetz, A.; Reese, C. (1995) Aqueous Photolysis of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F (Label A): Lab Project Number: 95/5105: M9325: 93137. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 66 p.
161

- 3 Photodegradation

- soil

MRID Citation Reference

4434103 3 McKenna, E. (1994) Photolysis of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F (Label B) on Soil: Lab Project Number: 94/5155: M9406: 94016. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Agvise Labs, Inc. 149 p.
162

- 1 Aerobic soil metabolism

MRID Citation Reference

438642 69 Kellner, O. (1994) The Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F (Label 2025391B): Lab Project Number: 94/10729: P92

- B011. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 68
p.

438642 70 Kellner, O. (1995) The Aerobic Soil Metaboli sm of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F (Label B): Analysis of the 273 Days

- After

- Treatment Soil Sample: Lab Project Number: 95/10431: P94

- B201. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 61 p.

438642 71 Kellner, O. (1994) The Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F (Label A): Lab Project Number: 94/10512: P92

- B013. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 65 p.Page 29 of 35 

### 445397 07 McKenna, E.; Billotte, J. (1997) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F (Label A): Lab Project Numbe r: 95118: 96/5177: MSRP96014. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Agvise Labs., Inc. 99 p.

446272 01 Kellner, O. (1998) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (carbon 14)

- 242 009 (BAS 490 F): Lab Project Number: 94/10165: P91

- B001. Unpublished study prepared by Basf Aktiengesellschaft. 76 p.
162

- 3 Anaerobic aquatic metab.

MRID Citation Reference

438642 72 Bieber, W. (1995) Degradation of BAS 490 F in Anaerobic Aquatic Environment: (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 95/10491: NA 92 9282. Unpublished study prepared by NATEC Institute. 145 p.
B. Schink, A. Brune and S. Schnell, "Anaerobic Degradat ion of Aromatic compounds". pp. 219

- 242, in Microbial Degradation of Natural Products,edited by G.Winkelmann. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, FRG, 1992. For Convenience of the reader copies of the relevant chapters from this literature incl. chapte r 8.4 "Organisms known to degrade Aromatic Compounds", pp. 226

- 229,232

- 236 and 239

- 242 are attached to this report

- cf. Appendix 3

162

- 4 Aerobic aquatic metab.

MRID Citation Reference

4386427 3 Bieber, W. (1993) Degradation of the Test Substance Reg. No. 242 009 (BAS 490 F) in an Aerobic Aquatic Environment: (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 93/11344: NA 92 9281. Unpublished study prepared by NATEC Institute. 66 p.
163

- 1 Leach/adsorp /desorption

MRID Citation Reference

4386427 4 Keller, W. (1991) Leaching Behavior of (carbon 14)

- 242 009 (BAS 490 F) after Aerobic Aging for 30 Days: Lab Project Number: 91/11278: P91

- B05. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 55 p.

4386427 5 Keller, W. (1993) Soil Adsorption/Desorption Study of Reg. No. 262 451 (BF 490

- 1): Lab Project Number: 93/11521: P93

- B504. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 35 p.

4386427 6 Goetz, A.; Geiger, D. (1995) Adsorption/Desorption of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F in Soil: Lab Project Number: 95/5099: M9515.Page 30 of 35 

### Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 82 p.

4434103 4 Goetz, A.; Mills, C. (1996) Adsorption/Desorption of (carbon 14)

- BF 490

- 1 on Soil: Lab Project Number: 96/5134: 95131. Unpublish ed study prepared by BASF Corp. 90 p.
164

- 1 Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID Citation Reference

438836 06 Butterfield, E.; Billotte , J. (1995) Terrestrial Dissipation (Confined) of (carbon 14)

- BAS 490 F: Supplemental Report: Lab Project Number: 95

- 5164: 92134: M9516. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Agvise Labs. 127 p.

444210 05 Jackson, S.; Jordan, J.; Wesley, D. (1996) Soil Dissipation of BAS 490 F in Orchard/Vineyard Use Patterns: Lab Project Number: 94028: 96/5172: ER 96011. Unpublished study prepared by ACDS Research, Inc., Collins Agricultural Consultants, Inc., and Research For Hire, Inc. 474 p.

446198 01 Jackson, S.; Wesley, D. (1997) Field Dissipation of Bas 490 in orchard Use Patterns for Canada: Lab Project Number: 94066: 97/5071: ER96012. Unpublished study prepared by Marbicon, Inc. Agvise, Inc. 366 p.

446319 01 Gotte sburen, B. (1998) Estimation of the Leaching Potential of BF 490

- 1 from Field Dissipation, Lysimeter, Sorption, and Modelling Studies: Lab Project Number: CALC

- 98: 98/10200: D07/97/92. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 43 p.

446492 02 Perkin s, J.; Anderson, D. (1998) Freezer Storage Stability Study of BF 490

- 1 and BF 490

- 5 in Soil: Lab Project Number: 94141: BAS

490

- F: 98AJRP01.BAS. Unpublished study prepared by Advanced BioAnalytical Services, Inc. 76 p.

451014 05 Jackson, S. (1999) Field D issipation of BAS 490 F In Row Crop Use Patterns: Lab Project Number: 97005: 1999/5024: A97005. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 520 p.

459393 06 Jackson, S. (1999) Field Dissipation of BAS 490..F in Row Crop Use Patterns: Lab Project Numbe r: 97005: 1999/5024: A97005. Unpublished study prepared by Battelle. 520 p.

165

- 1 Confined rotational crop

MRID Citation Reference

451014 04 Lau, R. (1999) Confined Rotational Crops Study with (carbon

- 14) BAS 490 F: Lab Project Number: 96117: 1999/5012. UnpublishedPage 31 of 35 

### study prepared by BASF Corporation. 163 p. {OPPTS 860.1850}

459393 04 Lau, R. (1999) Confined Rotational Crops Study with (Carbon 14) BAS 490F: Lab Project Number: 96117: 1999/5012: 1. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 163 p. {OPPTS 860.1850}
860.1850 Confined accumulation in rotational crops

MRID Citat ion Reference

474524 01 Lau, R.; Singh, M. (2007) Confined Rotational Crop Study with (Carbon 14)BAS 490 F (Including Amendment No. 1). Project Number: 96117, 2007/7014516. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agro Research. 170 p.
165

- 2 Field rotational crop

MRID Citation Reference

459393 05 Wofford, T.; Jordan, J. (1998) Limited Rotational Crop Study for the Use of Kresoxim

- methyl Residues in Cucurbits: Lab Project Number: 98/5197: 97022. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 94 p. {OPPTS 860.1900}
165

- 4 Bioaccumulation in fish

MRID Citation Reference

443410 37 Mayo, B. (1994) (Carbon 14) BAS 490 F ((carbon 14)

- Reg. No. 242009): The Bioaccumulation and Metabolism in Rainbow Trout...: Lab Project Number: 94/10725: BSF 505/942558: BSF 505. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 91
p.

443410 38 Langford

- Pollard, A. (1996) Further Investigation of (carbon 14) BAS 490 F ((carbon 14)

- Reg. No. 242009): Metabolites in Rainbow Trout...: Lab Project Number: 96/10050: BSF 550: 952689. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 81
p.

Non Guideline Selections

MRID Citation Reference

438642 77 Goetz, A. (1995) Overview of Environmental Fate Data I: Hydrolysis, Aerobic Soil Metabolism, Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism, Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism, Adsorption /Desorption, Aged Column Leaching, and Confined Terrestrial Dissipation Studies: Lab Project Number: 95/5172. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 19 p.Page 32 of 35 

### 443410 15 Easter, S.; Perez, R. (1993) GLC Method for the Analysis of BAS 490 F and Its Metabolite , BF 490

- 1, in Aquatic Media: Lab Project Number: 93/5136: ADPEN

- 903

- 92

- A92125M: D9209. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Adpen Labs, Inc. 39 p.

443410 25 Artz, S. (1996) Method for the Analysis of BAS 490 F and Its Hydrolysis Product, BF 490

- 1 an N

- Propyl Derivative, in Soil: Lab Project Number: 96/5192: 96129: D9603. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 54 p.

443410 26 Artz, S.; Clark, S. (1996) Independent Method Validation of BASF Analytical Method D9603: "Method for the Analysis of BAS 490 F and Its Hydrolysis Product, BF 490

- 1 as an N

- Propyl Derivative, in Soil": Lab Project Number: 96/5163: ML96

- 0617

- BAS: 96037. Unpublished study prepared by Morse Labs, Inc. 72 p.

443410 28 Flintham , D. (1996) Determination of Storage Stability of LAB 242 009 (BAS 490 F) and It's Metabolite BF 490

- 1 in Soil at Residue Level at Approximately

-- 20 Degrees Centigrade: Lab Project Number: 96/10274: BSF 524: 960088. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences, Ltd. 115 p.

N/A Letter regarding meeting about Fate issues

443410 35 Jordan, J.; Perkins, J.; Lowes, S.; et al. (1996) BASF Method for Residue Determination of BAS 490 F, and Metabolites BF 490

- 1 and BF 490

- 5 in Soil Using LC/MS/MS: Lab P roject Number: 96/5215: D9503: 96VRP01.BAS. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Advanced BioAnalytical Services. 121 p.

443410 36 Davis, K. (1996) Independent Method Validation of BASF Analytical Method No. D9503: "Method for Residue Determinatio ns of BAS 490 F, and Its Metabolites BF 490

- 1 and BF 490

- 5 in Soil Using LC/MS/MS" at ABC Labs: Lab Project Number: 96/5234: 43464: 96109. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs, Inc. 99 p.

N.A. Fate Science Chapter

N.A. AGVISE Soil Characterization Rep ortPage 33 of 35 

### Appendix C . SIP and STIR results

Table C. 1. SIP Inputs Parameter Value Chemical name Kresoxim

- methyl Solubility (in water at 25 o C; mg/L) 2

Mammalian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 5000 Mammalian test species laboratory rat Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg

- bw) 10000 Mammalian test species laboratory rat Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Avian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 2150 Avian test species northern bobwhite quail Body weight (g) of "other" avian species Mineau scaling factor 1.15

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 0 Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 500 NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) for other bird species 0 Body weight (g) of other avian species NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) for 2nd other bird species Body weight (g) of 2nd other avian species

Table C. 2. Mammalian Results Parameter Acute Chronic Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 0.3440 0.3440 Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 3845.8028 7691.6057 Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0001 0.0000

Conclusion* Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals

Table C. 3. Avian Results Parameter Acute Chronic Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 1.6200 1.6200 Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 1548.9235 53.1492 Ratio of exposure to acute toxicity 0.0010 0.0305

Conclusion* Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential concern for birds Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential concern for birdsPage 34 of 35 *Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does not combine all routes of exposure. Therefore, when aggregated with other routes ( i.e ., diet, inhalation, dermal), pesticide exposure through drinking water may contribute to a total exposure that has potential for effects to non

- target animals.



# Welcome to the EFED Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk This tool is designed to provide the risk assessor with a rapid method for determining the potentia significance of the inhalation exposure route to birds and mammals in a risk assessment.



## Input

Application and Chemical Information
Enter Chemical Name Kresoxim

- methyl Enter Chemical Use Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) n If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) air Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 313.4 Enter Chemical Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 1.71E

- 09 Enter Application Rate (lb a.i./acre) 2

Toxicity Properties

**Bird** Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD 50 (mg/kg bw) 2150 Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15 Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 0.178 **Mammal**
Enter Lowest Rat Oral LD 50 (mg/kg bw) 5000
Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC 50 (mg/L) 2 Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4 Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35


## Output Results Avian (0.020 kg ) Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation (mg/m 3 ) 2.88E

- 05 Maximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 3.63E

- 06 Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 4.80E+00 Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 7.56E

- 07 Exposure not Likely Significant Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) not applicable Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 not applicable not applicablePage 35 of 35 

### Results Mammalian (0.015 kg ) Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation (mg/m 3 ) 2.88E

- 05 Maximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 4.56E

- 06 Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 1.19E+02

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 3.83E

- 08 Exposure not Likely Significant Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) not applicable Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 not applicable not applicable