National Bureau oi Standards

Bldg. 225, Rm. A46

Washington, S).C. 29234

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

2419

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF CONCRETES

FOR JET AIRCRAFT VIARM UP, POWER CHECK, AND

MAINTENA. NCS A PRONS

by

VI. Lo Pendergast, C. R. Enoch, R. A. Clevenger

Refractories Section

Mineral products Division

<NBS>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Sinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards is suggested in the following listing of

the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section is engaged in specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief description

of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside of the back

cover of this report.

Electricity. Resistance Measurements. Inductance and Capacitance. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Applied Electricity. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Gage.

Heat and Power. Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamics. Cryogenics. Engines and

Lubrication. Engine Fuels. Cryogenic Engineering:

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State

Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Measurements. Infrared Spectroscopy.

Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-Rays. Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. Atomic Energy Commission Instruments Branch.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Aerodynamics. Engineering Mechanics. Hydraulics. Mass. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Polymer Structure. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy, Corrosion.

Mineral Products. Porcelain and Pottery. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Concreting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure. Chemistry of Mineral Products.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and Air Conditioning. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Specifications.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Machine

Development.

Electronics. Engineering Electronics. Electron Tubes. Electronic Computers. Electronic

Instrumentation.

Radio Propagation. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation Services. Frequency Utilization Research. Tropospheric Propagation Research. High

Frequency Standards. Microwave Standards.

Ordnance Development. These three divisions are engaged in a broad program of research

Electromechanical Ordnance, and development in advanced ordnance. Activities include

Ordnance Electronics. basic and applied research, engineering, pilot production, field testing, and evaluation of a wide variety of ordnance materiel. Special skills and facilities of other

NBS divisions also contribute to this program. The activity is sponsored by the Department of

Defense.

Missile Development. Missile research and development: engineering, dynamics, intelligence,

instnimentation, evaluation. Combustion in jet engines. These activities are sponsored by the

Department of Defense. • Office of Basic Instrumentation • Office of Weights and Measures.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OP REFRACTORY QUALITIES OP CONCRETES FOR

JET AIRCRAFT WARM UP, POWER CHECK, AND

MAINTENANCE APRONS

by

W* L* Pendergast, C# R. Enoch, R* A. Clevenger

Refractories Section

Mineral Products Division

Sponsored by

U© S# Naval Civil Engineering Research and

Evaluation Laboratory, Construction Battalion Center

Port Hueneme, California

NBS PROJECT

0903-21-U428 March 31* 1953

NBS REPORT

2419

Approved 2 R. A. Heindl, Chief,

Refractories Section

NBS File Na» 9*3/ll34~C

The publication, rr

unless permission I

25, D, C, Such pe

cal ly prepared If

1

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

In part, Is prohibited

tandards, Washington

sport has been speclfieport for Its own use.
j? ii - ?3msjXsv%

ici •

>*Jr r .c\r,C’ ^r:ii •K-A
QUARTERLY REPORT

OR

EVALUATION OP REFRACTORY QUALITIES OP CONCRETES

FOR JET AIRCRAFT, WARM UP, POWER CHECK, AND

MA INTENA NCE A PRO NS

Current Technical Requirements

The preparation and mixing of each batch of concrete of the

same composition must be so controlled as to result in a nearly

constant air and water content.

The concretes must be of such a consistency as to yield a

2-in. slump when tested in accordance with A.S.T.M. Designation:

c 143-52 '‘'W If a concrete is not sufficiently workable to be

placed properly at a 2-in. slump then this requirement may be

modified.

The concrete must develop a flexural strength of 600-650 psi

after a 28-day curing and aging treatment.

Resistance of the concrete to destruction when exposed to

rapidly increasing and fluctuating, temperatures is necessary.

The compressive strength shall be determined on each concrete after the 28-day combined curing and aging treatment.

I. INTRODUCTION

The objective of the investigation is the determination of

such physical properties of concretes that will evaluate their

suitability for use in jet aircraft warm up, power check, and

maintenance aprons.

— 2 -

II. MATERIAL, PREPARATION AND TESTING

Cements . Additional shipments of the three types of cement,

Portland, portland-pozzolan, and high-alumina hydraulic were received during this quarter* Lack of sufficient space in our

cement storage room necessitates such periodic purchases. The

cements were subjected to the same physical and chemical tests"*

as previous shipments. Although slight differences were indicated

in the results between materials received at different periods

such differences were considered not to be significant.

Aggregates . All aggregates were purchased in two grades,

namely, the coarse grade to pass a 1-inch sieve and the fine

to pass a No 0 4 sieve© Additional crushing, screening, and

recombining was necessary to obtain proper gradation.

The sieve analysis and the fineness modulus of the five dense

aggregates, which are given in table 1, replace those given in a ?/ preceding report —i A comparison of the results given in the two

tables indicates some differences. These are caused by adjustments in the gradation of the aggregates u as received” and n as

used” in the concretes. The screen analysis given in table 1

indicates that the gradation of the coarse aggregates, with the

exception of olivine, conforms to the requirements for coarse

Made by the Concreting Materials Section, Mineral Products

Division, National Bureau of Standards.
\
- 3

. lb/

aggregate in table II, A^SoT^M* Designation: C33~52T — . The

fineness modulus of the combined fine and coarse aggregates,

calculated in accordance with the respective proportions used in

the mix, fall below 5*2. The recommended combined modulus of

the aggregates for concretes of from seven to nine sacks of

cement per cubic yard is 5>,7 bo 6<>0 for the maximum-size aggregate

of 1 inch,

Pour of the dense aggregates were subjected to the Los

Angeles Abrasion Test and the results are also given in table 1.

The method used was that described in A.S.T.K. Designation:

Cl31“5l

1

~^ The abrasion loss as determined was less than the

maximum permissible loss of 50 percent as specified by A,S C T,M,

Designation; C3-52T (Page 4 Abrasion, Paragraph 11a ) ^

III, DESIGN OP CONCRETES AND THE PREPARATION, TREATMENT

AND TESTS OP SPEC MENS

As a result of information gained from the experimental mixes,

four concretes were designed and mixed and five sets of specimens

of each fabricated. The size, shape, and number of specimens

composing a set have been previously reported, The composition and properties of the fresh concretes are given in table 2.

A detailed description of the methods used in determining the

2 / properties was given in a previous report, —

4

All specimens, after placing, were covered with wet burlap

and left in the molds for a period of from 20 to 24 hours. They

were then stripped and stored in a fog roan for 6 days 0 After

this treatment they were stored at ordinary laboratory temperatures and humidities for 21 days to permit drying preceding the

heat treatments

o

Twenty-three sets of specimens of ten concretes were tested

during this quarter© Six of these concretes were designed and

specimens fabricated during the preceding quarter, but the

tests had not been completed. Five sets were tested after the

28-day treatment, six sets after an additional treatment of

heating at 250*0 for 5 hours, three sets at 500, six at 750,

and three at 1000*0*

Specimens were subjected to the following tests; Canpressive strength after 28-day treatment only; flexural strength,

abrasion loss, dynamic modulus, after 28-day treatment, and after

one of the following heat treatments - 250, 500, 750, and 1000°C,

The linear change and weight loss was measured after each heat,

A detailed description of the methods of testing was given in a

2 / previous report, —

5 ~

The measurements of the thermal conductivity of eleven concretes were made*"' using the hot plate apparatus, a description

of which is given in a previous report.

2/

The resistance to freezing and thawing was determined

of nineteen concretes using specimens measuring 3 x x 16 inches.

This test was conducted in accordance with A.S.T.Fu Designation:

The results indicated that a cement content ranging from

£ to 7 hags per cubic yard of concrete designed with selected

aggregates, treated and tested by the methods thus far used in

this project, did not develop the required flexural strength of

600-650 psi 0 The cement content was, therefore, increased to

range from 7 bo 9 sacks. The water and air content were kept

reasonably constant for each mix of the same concrete, with the

exception of the portland-pozzolan-sand and gravel concrete.

The slump measurements for all concretes was 2 inches i 0 o 5 inches,

the portland*»pozzolan-sand and gravel concrete again being the

exception. The variation in water • content and the non-unif orm

and high air content of that concrete was due to the presence of

an excessive amount of moisture , subsequently determined to be

above that necessary for a saturated surface dry condition.

“ Made by the Heating and Airconditioning Section, Building

Technology Division, National Bureau of Standards.

Made by the Concreting Materials Section, Mineral Products

Division, National Bureau of Standards,

— 6 —

IVo RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 3 gives the results of the tests of cured and heattreated concretes. These results are in agreement with those

given in the previous report i'and may be summarized as follows:

The pozzolan-olivine concrete is the only concrete tested that,

under the conditions of our tests, developed 600 psi flexural

strength,, This strength was developed after a heat treatment of

250®C for 5 hours. The additional test results indicate that the

resistance to abrasion decreases with increasing heat treatments.

The linear change due to heating varies with the type of

aggregate in the concrete. The linear change ranges from an

expansion of 1*28 to a shrinkage cf 0 a 8 percent. The weight loss

due to heating ranged from approximately 4«5 to 14 percent.

Limestone is being investigated as a possible aggregate for

heat-resisting concrete. It is referred to as ,s bluestone ,! in

table 3 where some of the properties of the concrete designed with

it are given. Also, figure 1 shows two specimens of this concrete

Specimen 1 received the 28-day treatment only whereas specimen 4

received that treatment and in addition was heSited at 750 °C for

5> hours. After removal from the kiln air slaking started almost

immediately under ordinary laboratory atmospheric conditions

resulting in deterioration of the specimen. The temperature at

which specimen 4 was heated and the resulting deterioration would

indicate that the limestone is of the dolomitic type. Dolomitic

limestone (or calcium-magnesium-carbonate) decomposes at 730-760°C«

7

Figure 2 shows the thermal conductivity (k) of eighteen

concretes measured at a mean temperature of approximately ll5 0 F

plotted against their densities ( over, dry) in pounds per cubic foot

The key to the composition of the concretes shown in figure 2

is the same as indicated by note (a) of table 3* The first letter

identifies the type of cement, namely: P = Portland; Z *= Portlandpozzulan; L = Lumnite. The second letter denotes the type of

aggregate, i 0 e., W « Waylite; R « Rocklite; H • Haydite;

L « Lelite; B * Crushed building brick; BS = Bluestone; 0 «= Olivine

The numeral on the end is merely a laboratory identif icat ion.

The concretes designed with light-weight aggregates which bear the

numbers 1 to 13 are grouped together below the ”4a5H & value c They have a density of less than 102 pounds per cubic foot. The

other aggregates, designated in our reports as "dense” show a straight-line relation between conductivity and density.

The durability factor was calculated of 6l specimens of 19

concretes a The tests were made’"' and the durability factor determined in accordance with AoS 0 T«M«> Designation: C290-52T

1-/

The results of these tests, given in table 4* indicate that in

most instances the ability of the concretes to withstand freezing

and thawing was lessened when specimens were subjected to a temperature of 1000*0 • For specimens heated at lower temperatures

no definite trend in the durability factor was apparent.

Made by the Concreting Materials Section, Mineral Products

Division, national Bureau of Standards.
-• M-
Conference

Mr e M. Pc Harrington, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and

Mr* S© La Bugg, U. S» Naval Civil Engineering Research and

Evaluation Laboratory conferred at this Bureau on March 25 > 1953 <> They discussed this project with R. A« Heindl and V7 • L» Pendergast

of the Refractories Section, and B. E. Foster and R., A, Clevenger

of the Concreting Materials Section of this Bureau, The purpose

of the conference was to discuss specific procedures in designing,

fabricating, curing and testing of refractory concretes. Suggestions were made on gradation of aggregates, control of air content

maximum cement content, and methods and time of curing which when

applied should be of value in bringing the flexural strength

requirement to the specif iecfminimum of 600-650 psi*
si.
- -W

Bibliography

lo A oS »T oil • Standards on Mineral Aggregates , Concretes and

Nonbituminous Highway Materials, October, 1952 o

(a) Standard Method of Test for Slump of Portiand-Cement

Concrete, page 187 .

(b) Tentative Specifications for Concrete Aggregates, page 3 .

(c) Standard Method of Test for Abrasion of Coarse Aggregates

by Use of the Los Angeles machine, page 27*

(d) Tentative Specifications for Concrete Aggregate, page 4*

paragraph 11 (a),

(e) Tentative Method of Test for Resistance of Concrete

Specimens to Rapid Freezing and Thawing in Water,

page l6 l,

2, National Bureau of Standards Report 1817*

3c Extending Application of the Fineness Modulus, Journal of

American Concrete Institute, Part 2, December 1947* Proceedings v, 43°

4o National Bureau of Standards Report 2198.

1

Bulk

Specific

gravity

c/

>.S.Dry -/

Water

Absorption

Percent by

weight

Los Angeles

Abrasion d/

Percentage

of wear

2.74 0.24 21.3

2.64 1.06

2.26 8.93

2.27 # 9.60 47.6

2.37 ' 6.10

2.52 4.76 23.5

2.50 5.03

2.97 3.20

3.09 1.00

2.64 0.30 40.5

2.63 0.30

e Aggregates”, ASTM Standards on

Table 1. Properties of Aggregates

Materials

> Sieve Analysis

Fineness

Modulus of

Aggregates hJ

Combined

& Fine

Unit Weight

lbs/ft3

Bulk

Specific

Gravity

S.S. Dry

Water

Absorption

Percent by

weight

Los Angeles

Abrasion d/

Percentage

of wear

Identification§ize Amount passing U . S. Standard Sieve, percent by weight

1

" 3/4" 1/2

" ll&H k_ 8

Nos.

IS 30 30 100 200 Loose Jigged

^

Bluestone Coarse 100.0 99.1 71.6 22.7 3.1 2.0 6.73 83.6 98.0 2.74 0.24 21.3

Fine — — — 100.0 99.4 81.9 56.3 35.0 21.5 14.6 11.2 3.01 99.8 113.0 2.64 1.06

Building

•

Brick Coarse 100.0 99.1 66.8 15.2 4.4 3.9 — — — — — 6.77 61.4 71.9 2.26 8.93

Mediur — — 100.0 98.3 16.5 5.4 4.3 — — — — 5.75 5.07 60.5 70.3 2.27 , 9.60 47.6

Fine — — — 100.0 99.9 73.1 54.1 40.7 29.1 17.5 7.5 2.85 80.1 91.9 2.37

' 6.10

Flint-clay Coarse 100.0 81.2 53.0 28.7 _ __ _ ,

. 6.90 86.0 101.5 2.52 4.76 ^.5

Raw Fine — — — 100.0 70.7 49.2 29.1 15.9 8.2 1.9 3.30 80.9 95.0 2.50 5.03

Olivine Coarse 100.0 85.3 70.9 54.3 45.6 40.2 34.4 23.6 10.2 4.20 124.8 146.7 2.97 3.20

Fine — — — 100.0 99.9 99.3 82.7 66.8 37.6 13.6 4.0 2.00 j #oo 114.4 130.5 3.09 1.00

*

White Marsh

Gravel Coarse 100.00 84.76 59.5 35.3 3.5 — — — — — — 5.96 101.1 110.9 2.64 0.30 40.5

Sand Fine — — 100.0 97.9 80.00 64.9 49.5 22.0 4.1 1.2 2.82 100.4 112.0 2.63 0.30

a/ Indicates distribution of sizes of aggregate as determined by ASHi method C125—43 "Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates", ASTM Standards on

Mineral Aggregates, Concrete and Nonbituminous Highway Materials, Sept. 194#, page 70.

b/ Indicates bulking or fitting together of various sizes of aggregates,

c/ "S.S." Saturated aggregate - Surface Dry.

d/ Grading B aggregate was used in all cases with the exception of the Sand and Gravel where grading A was used.

«

Labo]

icfenl

L-C

L-C H

Bi Z-E

Z-I

Z-I

P-I P-I

P-I

ft/

fr-
>

,:

’

.
Table 2. Properties of the fresh concretes.

.aboratory a

/ .dkntification“/

Proportions by

weight.. Cement

to fine and to coarse aggregate

Cement

content

Vinsol

resin by

weight of

cement

Water

content

Air

content

Slump Weight Workability Notes

3 Sacks/yd % Qal/yd3 % in. Lb/ft

3

of of

concrete concrete

L-Q-A 110.55:3.24 8.8 0.02 51.2 0.45 1.50 162.7 Excellent — fatty — slight bleeding

L-O-B 1:0.55:3.24 8.8 0.02 51.5 0.65 2.50 162.2 « n it L-O-C 1:0.55:3.24 8.8 0.02 50.7 1.10 1.75 161.7 " " excessive bleeding

Z-S-A 1:1.59:2.26 7.8 0.01 30.4 7.80 9.50 140.5 Excellent workability

Z-S-B 1:1.59:2.26 7.8 0.01 26.0 9.90 5.50 140.0 n n

Z-S-C 1:1.59:2.26 7.8 0.01 26.0 10.20 6.75 339.5 „ it n

Z-EC-A 1:1.24:1.56

/ 9.3 0.01 54.5 3.44 1.75 339.3 Fair workability - rich

Z-RC-B 1:1.24:1.56 9.4 0.01 54.0 2.83 2.12 340.5 Good workability - "

Z-BC-C 1:1.24:1.56 9.3 0.01 54.9 3.16 2.12 139.5 Fair workability - "

P-BC-A 1:1.24:1.56 9.3 0.01 53.2 2.64 2.00 140.7 Poor - sticky - rich

P-RC-B 1:1.24:1.56 9.3 0.01 52.3 3.29 2.06 140.5 It It II

P-RC-C 1:1.24:1.56 9.3 0.01 52.3 2.80 2.00 140.7 R II II

a/ The first letter indicates thei type of cement, namely: P ” portland, Z “ portland-pozzolan; L lumnite.

The second letter indicates the type of aggregate: 0 = olivine; S - sand and gravel;; RC - raw flint clay.

The third letter indicates different batches of the same concrete . Several batches of each concrete were necessary to cast the required amount of specimen*.



I&ble 3* Properties of cured and heat-treated concretes

Proportions by

Laboratory , weight. Conent

identification 2/ to fine and to coarse aggregate

Compressive

strength

6 x 12 in.

cylinders

Flexural

strength

6 x 6 x J6 in.

beam 2/

Abrasion

loss

Young's Modulus of Elasticity

Dynamic Longitudinally

Linear

shrinkage

after

heating

Weight

loss

during

heating

Before After , heating heating 2/

lb/in 2/ lb/in 2/ gm lb/inS/x LO6 % %

Z-0-1 1:0.58:3.40 4205 425 45.5 5.190 —

Z-O-2 do 5800 600 56.6 5.138 3.585 0.18 5.40

Z-0-3 do — 455 73.2 5.257 2.736 0.02 4.48

Z-0-4- do — 198 155.9 5.190 1.460 0.50 5.10

£-0-5 do 145 351.8 4.653 0.972 0.55 6.92

P-0-1 1:0.55:3.24 y,?/,o 484 66.9 5.558 — 4 P-0-2 do — 514 89.2 5.530 3.831 0.18 5.05

P-0-3 do — 459 80.5 5.722 2.899 0.04 6.18

P-0-4 do — 14

5.425 0.856 0.45 7.72

P-0-5 do — 5.962

L-0-1 1:0.55:3.24 5890 378 82.5 5.684 —

L-0-2 do — 400 6.045 2.778 -0.04 6.22

L-0-3 do — 5.913

L-0-4 do — 5.960 . L-0-5 do — 5.627

Z-BS-1 1:1.43:1.59 4620 405 15.2 5.132 —

Z-BS-2 do — 360 23.0 5.273 2.694 -0.16 5.39

Z-BS-3 do — 155

«/

25.9 4.876 0.702 -0.73 6.43

Z-BS-4 do — 44.5 4.937 0.299 -1.25 13.88

Z-BS-5 do — — SJ — 4.876 —

P-BS-1 1:1.55:1.72 4000 420 14.9 5.470

P-BS-2 do — 340 13.1 5.710 3.051 -0.18 4.78

P-BS-3 do — 150 28.1 5.647 0.689 -1.04 6.25 * P-BS-4 do — — £/ — 5.353 0.213 -1.28 10.59

P-BS-5 do — 2/ — 5.471 — TZ-B-l 1:0.86:0.66:0.99 4890 395 45*7 2.910 —

Z-B-2 do — 550 31.5 2.866 1.865 0.02 6.32

Z-B-3 do — 529 34.5 2.929 1.392 0.16 7.83

Z—B—

do — 276 2.910 0.767 0.08 9.64

Z-B-5 do — 140 68.0 2.911 0.734 0.21 9.80

CBS 1:0.82:0.63:0.95 5300 300 26.3 2.733 — __ - L—B—

do — 350 54.5 2.573 1.257 0.14 6.89

L-B-3 do — 300 62.0 2.775 0.770 0.19 8.90

L-B-4 do — 148 2.874 0.550 0.11 11.30

L-B-5 do — 151 59.5

^

2.819 0.560 0.08 12.11

P-flC-1 1:1.24:1.56 4010 238 3.458 —

P-RC-2 do — 3.34

P-HC-3 do — 3.413

P-RC-4 do — 3.515

P-RC-5 do — 3.426

Z-RC-1 1:1.24:1.56 3400 269 3.055 — — —

Z-RC-2 do — 312 3.089 2.001 0.90 10.70

Z-fiC-3 do — 3.009

Z^RC-4 do — 3.090

Z-HC-5 do — 3.125

Z-S-l 1:1.59:2.26 426 52.9 4.295 — — —

Z-S-2 do — 416 4.298 2.550 -0.05 5.6

Z-S-3 do — 4.261

Z-S-4 do — 4.290

Z-S-5 do — 4.284

^

The first letter indicates the type of cement, namely: P = portland; Z “ portland pozzplan; L - Lumnite

The second letter indicates the type of aggregate: BS “ bluestone; B - building brick; BC - raw flint clay; S - sand and gravel) 0 - olivine.

The numerals indicate: 1 = cured to 28 days only; 2,3>4> and 5 " cured to 28 days and heat treated at 250* C, 500*C, 750*C, and 1000*

respectively, for 5 hours.

All blank spaces indicate that specimens have been fabricated and cured but not heat treated and tested,

c/ —'Specimens were heated at an approximate rate of 50*C per hour to ma-rimum temperature. After equilibrium was reached they

were held at this temperature for 5 hours. (See note a/ for details of heat treatments.)

Cement : Fine s Medium : Course aggregates. a/*

e/

Disintegrated on cooling

—' Failure of apparatus after 4 minutes operation.

Tabic 4* Results of Freezing and Thawing Tests

Identification 2/

Durability

factor 2/

Identifiy

cation 2/

Durability

factor 2/ Identifiercation

Durabilityfactor 2J

P-H-l 27c2 L-R-l 22 c 6 Z-W»l 75.8

P-H-2 16 9 2 L-R-2 4.4 Z-W~3 78,9

P-H-3 28e8 L-R-4 11*2 Z-W-4 15 .7

P-H-p 60S L-R-5 So0 Z-W-5 5.6

L-H-l 23 a P-R-l 33.4 Z-P-l 18.0

L^H^2 10.0 P-R-2 36.0 Z-P-2 9.6

L«H^2 2*6 P~R~4 21o7 Z-P-4 9,0

L-H-4 16 *,6 P-R-5 l4«0 Z-BS-2 lo9

Z-H-2 140 2 Z-R-l 24.0 Z-BS-3 1.1

Z-H—3 50o8 Z--R-2 29o0 Z-BS-4 Disintegrated

Z-H-4 27 o0 Z—R~4 22*5 P-BS-1 133,0

Z-H-5 2o3 Z-R-5 3.6 P-BS-2 19.9

P~L~1 4c2 P-W-l ' 11.6 P-BS-3 lo0

P-L-4 2 9 0 P-W-2 10 0 9 P-C-l 33.2

L-L-l 22o4 P«-W-4 3o2. P-0-3 22,9

L~L-3 3o0 p~¥~5 13.0 z-0-4 3.4

Z-L-l 9,0 L-W-l 11.2 Z-B-2 33 .6

Z-L-3 8.6 WiT-2 16,6 Z-B-3 28.6

Z-L-4 3.7 L-W-3 18.0 L-B-2 29.0

L-W-4 22 e 0 L-B-3 15,0

L-W-5 20 c 0 L-B-5 16,9

The first letter indicates the type of cement, namely, P = Portland;

Z = Portland-pozzolan; L = Lumnite. The second letter or letters

indicates the type of aggregate, namely, H = Haydite; L = Lelite;

R = Rocklite; W = Waylite; P = Pumice; BS = Bluestone; 0 = Olivine;

and B = Building bricky

The numerals indicate the temperature at which heat treatment took place,

namely, 1 = Room temperature; 2 = 250°C; 3 ~ 500*0; 4 ~ 750°C; and

5 = 1000° c.

Durability factor in freezing and thawing is based on reduction of sonic

modulus of elasticity. 100 implies no change, whereas 0 denotes poor

resistance

.

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THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended fey Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy

Commission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the front cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project

or program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics

Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 460, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards ($1.00). Information on calibration services and fees can be

found in NBS Circular 483, Testing by the National Bureau of Standards (25 cents). Both are

available from the Government Printing Office. Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports and

publications should be addressed to the Office of Scientific Publications, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.