Selective Catalytic ReductionWorkshopJuly 20, 20102Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsWorkshop Agenda• Introductions• Opening Statements• EPA/ARB Presentations– Categories/Timing– Reductant Level– Reductant Quality– Tampering– Repeat Offenses– Self Healing– Delegated Assembly– Maintenance Intervals– Freeze Protection– Infrastructure– Unregulated Pollutants/Toxic Air Contaminants• ARB –Off-Road and LDV/MDV Session3Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsCategories/TimingWHAT• EPA – heavy-duty highway engines• ARB– On-road medium-duty engines (MDE)– On-road heavy-duty engines (HDDE)– Others (HD hybrids and special cases)WHEN• EPA – calendar year, with most changeseffective January 1, 2011• ARB - model year, with most changes effectiveMY20114Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsReductant LevelGOAL:Minimal engine operation when SCR system is nolonger able to doseKEY POINTS:• Need indication of reductant level for the operator• Initiate inducement early enough so that final inducementis engaged prior to noncompliance due to low reductant• Any driver inducement should account for safetyconcerns• Notify operator of low level at least 2 times prior to finalinducement5Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsReductant LevelINDUCEMENTS• Strategy specifics – manufacturer's discretion• Warn operator prior to any inducement• Final inducement– 5 mph limit or– No power or– Idle only– Should allow for diagnostics and restart after refill• If inducement is phased in, initiate anotherwarning prior to final inducement6Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsARB - Reductant LevelInducements Example 1STEP 1:When there is about 15% reductant or 100miles worth of reductant left in the tank, warningsignals consisting of a reductant light and audiblechimes would begin to alert driver of low level ofreductant remainingSTEP 2:When there is about 10% reductant left inthe reductant tank, a noticeable engine deratewould begin and continue until next trigger isreached.7Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 3:WHEN• The tank reads empty to the operator• About 5% reductant remains in the reductant tank,• A more significant derate of about 40% occursTHEN• The vehicle speed is limited to 5 mph, when one ofthefollowing conditions is triggered:– Diesel Fuel Refueling (must define)– Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)– Vehicle Restarted• No longer than an hour of an empty reductant tankARB - Reductant LevelInducements Example 1 – cont’d8Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 1:When there is about 15% reductant or100 miles worth of reductant left in the tank,warning signals consisting of a reductant lightand audible chimes would begin to alert driver oflow level of reductant remainingSTEP 2:When there is about 12% reductant left inthe reductant tank a noticeable engine deratewould begin and continue until next trigger isreached.ARB - Reductant LevelInducements Example 29Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 3:When there is about 6% reductant left in thereductant tank (driver display reductant gauge maybe showing 3%), a second more severe enginederate begins or engine / vehicle top speed limiterbegins.STEP 4:When there is about 3% reductant left in thereductant tank (driver display reductant gauge maybe showing 0%) final inducements triggered when:• Diesel Fuel Refueling (must define)• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle RestartedARB - Reductant LevelInducements Example 2 – cont’d10Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsReductant QualityGOAL:Detect poor reductant quality as quickly and accurately aspossibleKEY POINTS:• Need quality or NOx sensor system capable of detecting poorreductant quality that causes noncompliance• Be able to detect noncompliance within 1 hour andnotify operatorimmediately• Final inducement with driver warning initiated within 4 hours ofdetecting noncompliance• Any driver inducement should account for safety concerns• EPA -- 2012• ARB – 201111Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsReductant QualityINDUCEMENTS• Strategy specifics – manufacturer's discretion• Notify operator when noncompliance is detected• Warn operator prior to any inducement• Final inducement– 5 mph limit or– No power or– Idle only– Should allow for diagnostics and restart after refill• If inducement is phased in, initiate anotherwarning prior to final inducement12Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 1:Once poor quality reductant is detected,the engine will have about 25% derate and thewarning lamp is illuminated. The engine isallowed to operate for up to 1 hour at thisderated levelAfter the initial hour and poor quality reductant isstill detected:STEP 2:A more significant derate of about 40%occurs. The engine will only operate at thissecond significant derated level for no longerthan necessary to confirm self-healing, forexample no more than four hours.ARB - Reductant QualityInducements Example 113Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 3:During the second derate, ifnoncompliance is determined thevehicle speed is limited to 5 mphwhen one of the following conditionsis triggered:• Diesel Fuel Refueling (must define)• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle RestartedARB - Reductant QualityInducements Example 1 – cont’d14Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 1:Once poor quality reductant is detected,the warning lamp and chimes are activated towarn the operator that engine derate will occur,the engine begins ramped derate about 1% perminute for 40 minutes (total 40% derate)After the initial period and poor quality reductantisstill detected:STEP 2:A more significant derate about 60%occurs. The engine will only operate at thissecond significant derated level for no longerthan necessary to confirm self-healing, forexample no more than four hours.ARB - Reductant QualityInducements Example 215Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 3:During the second derate, ifnoncompliance is determined thevehicle speed is limited to 5 mph whenone of the following conditions istriggered:• Vehicle speed is < 5mph• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle RestartedARB - Reductant QualityInducements Example 2 – cont’d16Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsTamperingGOAL:Systems should be designed to be tamperresistant to reduce the likelihood ofcircumventionKEY POINTS:• Be able to detect tampering related malfunctionswithin 1 hour and notify operator immediately• Final inducement with driver warning initiatedwithin 4 hours of detecting tampering relatedmalfunction• Any driver inducement should account for safetyconcerns17Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsTampering - continued• At a minimum the following tampering relatedmalfunctions should be considered– Disconnected reductant level sensor– Blocked reductant line or dosing valve– Disconnected reductant dosing valve– Disconnected reductant pump– Disconnected SCR wiring harness– Disconnected NOx sensor (that is incorporated withthe SCR system)– Disconnected reductant quality sensor– Disconnected exhaust temperature sensor– Disconnected reductant temperature sensor18Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsARB - TamperingExample 1STEP 1:Once tampering is detected, the engine wouldhave about 25% derate and the warning lamp and chimeare illuminated. The engine is allowed to operatefor upto 1 hour at this derated level.STEP 2:After an hour of the engine operating with theinitial derate, a more significant derate about 40%wouldoccur. The engine will only operate at this secondsignificant derated level for no longer than necessary toconfirm disconnection, for example no more than four (4)hours.19Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 3:During the second derate, ifnoncompliance is determined the vehiclespeed is limited to 5 mph when one of thefollowing conditions is triggered :• Diesel Fuel Refueling (must define)• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle RestartedARB - TamperingExample 1 – cont’d20Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsARB - TamperingExample 2STEP 1:Once the tamper is confirmed, theengine is immediately derated (e.g., rampedderate about 1% per minutes for 25 minutes)and allowed to operate for up to 1 hour at thisderated level.21Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 2:After an hour of the engineoperating with the initial derate, a moresignificant derate of about 40% wouldoccur. The engine will only operate at thissecond significant derated level forexample no more than four hours.ARB - TamperingExample 2 – cont’d22Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSTEP 3:During the second derate, ifnoncompliance is determined the engine isderated (e.g., ramped derate about 1% perminute) such that the vehicle’s final speed islimited to 5 mph when one of the followingconditions is triggered:• Vehicle speed is < 5mph• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle RestartedARB - TamperingExample 2 – cont’d23Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsRepeat OffensesGOAL:Discourage repeat tampering and repeat use ofpoor quality reductantKEY POINTS:• System should monitor for repeat faults for a minimum of40 engine hours• Return to final inducement for repeat offense within– EPA – 30 minutes– ARB – 60 minutes• Repeat offense– EPA – same offense– ARB - any 2ndoffense24Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsARB - Repeated OffensesExample 1STEP 1:Upon detecting subsequent repeatedoffenses which occurs within 40 engine hours ofthe previous offense, the system warns operatorand derate occurs for one hourSTEP 2:The vehicle speed is limited to 5 mphmaximum when one of the previously discussedtriggers is reachedSTEP 3:Normal engine operation inhibited, reset tonormal mode by factory or dealership tools25Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsSelf HealingGOAL:Systems should be able to restartafter action that triggers inducement iscorrectedKEY POINTS:• Use of generic scan tool to clearinducement not acceptable26Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsDelegated AssemblyGOAL:All system components designed tocomply and installed in certifiedconfigurationKEY POINTS:• Components to be considered in additionto other devices:– Reductant storage (configuration and volume)– Freeze protection system27Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsMaintenance IntervalsGOAL:Technological necessity for anymaintenance intervals shorter than prescribedin regulationsKEY POINTS:• Petition for shorter interval needed for eachmanufacturer per model year (multiple MYsand manufacturers can be covered by a singlesubmission)• Petition may be needed for refill interval ANDSCR filter maintenance28Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsFreeze ProtectionGOAL:Systems should be designed to dose assoon as possible after freezing event andcontinue to dose in cold temperaturesKEY POINTS:• Test procedure can be used to show systemcapable of dosing within 70 minutes• By 2011, show that reductant won’t refreezeduring operation• Show that system is capable of dosing within 40minutes– EPA – 2012– ARB – 201129Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsFreeze Protection – cont’dTest Procedure for Performance of Reductant DosingFreeze Protection Systems:• Prior to Procedure:– Temperature: Reductant at 20°F (maximum)• Soak Conditions:– Temperature: 0°F (maximum)– Time: 72 hours or solid reductant (whichever occurs first)• Test Duty Cycle:– Temperature: 0°F (maximum)– Time: 70 minutes (or 40 minutes) (maximum)• Start engine and idle with no engine load for 20 minutes• Operate engine at no more than 40% load at rated speed for up to50 minutes (or 20 minutes)30Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsInfrastructureGOAL:Reducing agent widely available andreadily accessibleKEY POINTS:• Reductant available at dealerships• Reductant available through a back upplan• Reductant available through appropriate3rdparty locations31Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsUnregulated Pollutants/Toxic Air ContaminantsGOAL:No SCR systems shall cause or contributeto an unreasonable risk to public health, welfareor safetyKEY POINTS:• NH3– below 10 PPM average over useful life• Dioxins – systems with Cu-Zeolite catalystsrepresented by EPA testing• Vanadium Oxides (ARB) – Manufacturers mustdiscuss strategy with ARB32Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsQuestions?33Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsAudience PresentationsPlease limitpresentations to 10minutes34Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsBreak / Lunch35Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsOther Industries Using SCROff Road CI ProductsLight-Duty Vehicle (LDV) / MediumDuty Vehicle (MDV) ChassisProducts36Proposals Only – Not Final Agency DecisionsThank You!