Department of Education

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

Fiscal Year 2025 Budget Request

CONTENTS

Page

Appropriations Language ........................................................................................................... 1

Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes.......................................................................... 2

Appropriation, Adjustments, and Transfers................................................................................. 3

Authorizing Legislation ............................................................................................................... 4

Appropriations History................................................................................................................ 5 

Activity: 

National Technical Institute for the Deaf ................................................................................. 6
1 

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

Appropriations Language

For the National Technical Institute for the Deaf under titles I and II of the Education of the

Deaf Act of 1986, $92,500,000: Provided, That from the total amount available, the Institute may

at its discretion use funds for the endowment program as authorized under section 207 of such

Act.1

NOTES

A full-year 2024 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore,

the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions

Act (Division A of Public Law 118-15, as amended). The amounts included for 2024 reflect the annualized level

provided by the continuing resolution.

Each language provision that is followed by a footnote reference is explained in the Analysis of Language

Provisions and Changes document which follows the appropriation language.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes

Language Provision Explanation

1...Provided, That from the total amount 

available, the Institute may at its discretion 

use funds for the endowment program as 

authorized under section 207 of such Act.

This language provides authority for the

Institute to use funds from the general

appropriation for the Endowment Grant

program.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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Appropriation, Adjustments, and Transfers

(dollars in thousands)

Appropriation/Adjustments/Transfers 2023 2024 2025

Discretionary:

Appropriation $92,500 $92,500 $92,500

Total, discretionary appropriation 92,500 92,500 92,500
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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Authorizing Legislation

(dollars in thousands)

Activity

2024

Authorized 

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Authorized

2025

Request

Operations (EDA l-B) 0 1 $92,500 To be determined $92,500

Construction (EDA l-112) 0 1 0 To be determined1 0

Endowment (EDA II-207) 0 (2) To be determined (2)

Total annual appropriation 92,500 92,500

Portion of the request subject to reauthorization 92,500

1 The GEPA extension expired September 30, 2015. Reauthorization for FY 2025 is expected through appropriations action. 2 Funding for the Endowment Grant program is provided together with funding for operations through a single appropriations amount. Appropriations language is 

included to authorize the National Technical Institute for the Deaf, at its discretion, to use funds for the Endowment Grant program from the total amount available.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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Appropriations History

(dollars in thousands)

Year Budget Estimate 

to Congress

House

Allowance

Senate

Allowance

Appropriation

20161 $67,016 $68,016 $69,016 $70,016

20172 70,016 70,016 70,016 70,016

20183 69,540 70,016 70,016 73,000

20194 70,016 75,000 76,500 77,500

20205 79,500 80,000 78,500 79,500

20216 79,500 81,000 81,500 81,500

2021 Supplemental, 

CRSSA Act (P.L. 116-260)7 0 0 0 11,000

2021 Mandatory Supplemental,

ARP Act (P.L. 117-02)8 0 0 0 19,250

20229 84,500 84,500 90,700 81,500

202310 84,500 91,500 92,500 92,500

202411 92,500 92,500 92,500 92,500

2025 92,500

1 The levels for House and Senate allowances reflect action on the regular annual 2016 appropriations bill, which proceeded in 

the 114th Congress only through the House Committee and Senate Committee.

2 The levels for the House and Senate allowances reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2017 appropriations bill.

3 The level for the House allowance reflects floor action on the Omnibus appropriations bill; the Senate allowance reflects 

Committee action on the regular annual 2018 appropriations bill; the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated Appropriations 

Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141).

4 The levels for House and Senate allowances reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2019 appropriations bill; the 

Appropriation reflects enactment of the Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education 

Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-245).

5 The Senate allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; the Appropriation reflects the Further Consolidated Appropriation Act, 

2020 (P.L. 116-94).

6 The level for the Senate Allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; the Appropriation reflects Division H of the Consolidated 

Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260).

7 The Appropriation reflects supplemental funds from Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260).

8 The Appropriation reflects the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-02).

9 The House Allowance reflects floor action; the Senate allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; and the Appropriation reflects 

Division H of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103). 10 The House allowance reflects the regular annual FY 2023 appropriation, which was introduced on the floor; the Senate 

allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; and the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-

328).

11 The House allowance reflects Subcommittee action, and the Senate allowance reflects Committee action on the regular 

annual 2024 appropriations bill; the Appropriation reflects the annualized continuing resolution level.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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National Technical Institute for the Deaf 

(Education of the Deaf Act, Title I, Part B and Section 207)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2025 Authorization: To be determined1

Budget Authority: 

2024 Annualized CR 2025 Request Change

$92,500 $92,500 0 

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Congress created the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) in 1965 to promote the

employment of persons who are deaf by providing technical and professional education. The

Department of Education is authorized to maintain an agreement with a host institution for the 

operation of a residential facility for postsecondary technical training and education for

individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, and to provide a Federal subsidy to NTID to provide 

postsecondary educational opportunities. 

The Department maintains a contract with the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in

Rochester, New York, for the operation of NTID. NTID is one of nine colleges of RIT. The

purpose of the relationship with the host institution is to provide NTID students access to more 

facilities, institutional services, and career preparation options than could be otherwise provided

solely by a stand-alone national technical institute for the deaf. RIT provides NTID students with

options for courses of study from its eight other colleges, along with health and counseling 

services, library, physical education, and recreation facilities, and general services such as food,

maintenance, grounds, and security. 

Academics: NTID offers a variety of technical programs at the sub-baccalaureate degree level, 

including certificates, diplomas, and associate degrees. Students enrolled at NTID can earn 

associate degrees in 21 accredited programs. Qualified students can also earn baccalaureate,

master’s, or doctoral degrees in approximately 200 programs offered by RIT’s other colleges in

subject areas including: Art and Design, Business, Computing and Information Sciences, 

Engineering, Health Sciences and Technology, Liberal Arts, and Science. In addition, NTID

administers a Master of Science program in Secondary Education to prepare students to help 

meet the national need for qualified deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing teachers and leaders in 

the field of deaf education as well as a Master of Science in Health Care Interpretation to meet

the demand for specialized sign-language interpreters in health care settings.

Students with hearing loss who enroll in NTID programs are provided a wide range of support

services and programs to help them prepare for careers, including tutoring, remedial and

1 The GEPA extension expired September 30, 2015. Reauthorization for FY 2025 is expected through appropriations 

action.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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language enrichment programs, counseling, notetaking, interpreting, mentoring, specialized 

educational media, cooperative work experiences, and specialized job placement.

NTID conducts research designed to enhance the lives of deaf and hard of hearing people.

Research and scholarship focus on teaching and learning, communication, technology, access

and support services, and employment and adaptability to social changes and the global

workplace. NTID also conducts training workshops and seminars nationwide for professionals

who employ, work with, teach, interpret for, or otherwise serve persons who are deaf or hard of

hearing. 

Students Supported with NTID Funds: The Federal appropriation supports both deaf and 

hard of hearing students who are enrolled in NTID, as well as deaf and hard of hearing students 

who are directly enrolled in other colleges of RIT (cross-registered students). Cross-registered 

students may, but are not required to, take classes at NTID and are given the same tuition 

subsidy that NTID students receive. Students who are enrolled in NTID, as well as crossregistered students, receive both a tuition subsidy and communication access services such as

sign language interpreting and CART/captioning, for classes at NTID and other colleges of RIT,

using the NTID appropriation. In FY 2023, approximately $20.4 million, or 22 percent, of the

Federal appropriation was used to support cross-registered students. 

Endowment Grant Program: The Federal Endowment Grant program is designed to assist in 

building NTID’s financial capacity and reducing the need for Federal funds by providing 

matching grant funds that serve as an incentive for private contributions. NTID has the

discretion to determine the amount of funds it wants the Department to provide from the annual

appropriation as matching funds, capped by the amount contributed to the fund from

non-Federal sources. The Education of the Deaf Act (EDA) allows NTID to withdraw or expend

up to 50 percent of the income of the fund; the other 50 percent must be reinvested in the 

corpus. As of September 30, 2023, net assets in the NTID Federal Matching Endowment Fund,

including Federal, private, and reinvested funds, were $124.6 million. 

Other Revenue: In addition to the Federal appropriation, NTID receives revenue from a variety 

of other sources. In fiscal year 2023, NTID estimated approximately $38.1 million in other

revenue from tuition ($21.2 million), room and board ($8 million), student activity fees

($460 thousand), Federal and State grants and contracts ($2.1 million), private contracts

($647 thousand), gifts and private grants ($1.5 million), endowment income ($2.6 million) and 

other sources such as the NTID Hearing Aid Shop and revenue generated from the RIT/NTID

dorm exchange ($1.6 million). This represents an increase of approximately $5.4 million in

revenue from the $32.7 million NTID received from these sources for fiscal year 2022. 

Regional Partnership: NITD established a partnership with the Alabama Institute for the Deaf 

and Blind in fiscal year 2016 to operate the NTID Southeast Regional Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Center (Center). The fiscal year 2023 appropriation 

provided NTID $9.5 million to continue the existing regional partnership, which is intended to

improve access to postsecondary STEM education and employment for students in

underserved areas who are deaf or hard of hearing. During fiscal year 2023, the Center

continued to serve Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,

North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. Outreach and training 

efforts included supporting conferences on the education of deaf and hard of hearing secondary
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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and postsecondary students, hosting STEM events and camps, supporting dual credit STEM 

courses to help students transition from high school to college or employment, providing

scholarships to deaf or hard of hearing students at RIT/NTID pursuing STEM disciplines, and 

conducting trainings for employers to encourage the hiring of individuals who are deaf or hard of 

hearing into STEM fields. NTID has expressed an interest in establishing additional partnerships 

to expand their geographical reach. 

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands) 

2020 $79,500

2021 81,500

2021 CRRSA Act 11,000

2021 Mandatory ARP Act 19,250

2022 88,500

2023 92,500

2024 Annualized CR 92,500

FY 2025 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $92.5 million for the National Technical 

Institute for the Deaf (NTID), level with a fiscal year 2024 annualized CR based on the fiscal 

year 2023 appropriation, to maintain strong support for NTID’s efforts to promote educational 

and employment opportunities for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing.

The request would continue the policy of giving NTID discretion to determine the portion of 

appropriated funds used for the Endowment Grant program in 2025, as the Administration

believes this program helps to promote NTID’s financial independence. 
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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UNIVERSITY OPERATIONS DATA

(whole numbers) 

Operations Data1 2023 2024 2025

Undergraduate tuition (U.S. students)2 $18,926 $19,778 $20,468

Undergraduate tuition (International students)3 37,852 39,556 40,935

Graduate tuition (U.S. students)4 22,620 23,752 24,675

Graduate tuition (International students)5 45,240 47,504 49,350

Fees 798 880 954

Room 8,728 9,032 9,340

Board 6,250 6,484 6,708

Enrollment6 — — —

Technical (Career Exploration Studies and 

Sub-Baccalaureate) deaf students only, incl udes inter national students 380 380 380

Professional Undergraduate deaf students only, incl udes i nternati onal students 468 468 468

Professional Graduate deaf students only, i ncludes inter national students 56 56 56

Total deaf studentsincludes inter national students 904 904 904

Degrees granted — — —

Associate and certificate degrees granted 71 71 71

Baccalaureate and graduate degrees ranted granted 206 206 206

Total degrees granted 277 277 277

Co-op (work experience) placements 209 209 209

NTID faculty/student ratio7 1:7.9 1:7.9 1:7.9

NTID teaching faculty/student ratio8 1:9.2 1:9.2 1:9.2

1 All data are provided by NTID and include NTID students, as well as cross-registered students who may, but are not 

required to, take classes at NTID.

2 Tuition rate increases are proposed by NTID annually but may not exceed 10 percent in any given year.

3 A tuition surcharge for international students is required; the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 provides that 

NTID may develop a sliding scale model to reduce the surcharge, with different surcharge levels set depending on 

student need and whether the student’s country of origin is considered developed or developing. 4 Graduate students are charged a 10 percent surcharge above the tuition rate for undergraduate students.

5 A tuition surcharge for international students is required; the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 provides that 

NTID may develop a sliding scale model to reduce the surcharge, with different surcharge levels set depending on 

student need and whether the student’s country of origin is considered developed or developing. 6 Enrollment data only includes deaf students. It includes international students but excludes master’s in Secondary 

Education students and master’s in Health Care Interpretation students.

7 Includes all personnel with faculty rank.

8 Includes all personnel with faculty rank, except researchers and administrators.
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PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, 

program goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of 

the progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based 

on the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program as well as the 

resources and efforts invested by those served by the program.

These data include NTID students and cross-registered students who may, but are not required 

to, take classes at NTID.

Performance Measures

Goal: To provide deaf and hard of hearing students in undergraduate programs and 

professional studies with state-of-the-art technical and professional education programs, 

undertake a program of applied research; share National Technical Institute for the Deaf 

expertise, and expand outside sources of revenue.

Objective: Maximize the number of students successfully completing a program of study.

Measure: The percentage of first-time, full-time degree-seeking sub-baccalaureate and 

baccalaureate students who were in their first year of postsecondary enrollment in the previous 

year and are enrolled in the current year.

Year

Sub-Baccalaureate

Target

Sub-Baccalaureate

Actual

Baccalaureate

Target

Baccalaureate

Actual

2020 75% 68% 90% 88%

2021 75 70 90 84

2022 75 75 90 84

2023 75 62 90 90

2024 75 — 90 —

2025 75 — 90 —

Measure: The percentage of first-time, full-time degree-seeking sub-baccalaureate students 

and baccalaureate students who graduate within 150 percent of the program-based length of 

time.

Year

Sub-Baccalaureate

Target

Sub-Baccalaureate

Actual

Baccalaureate

Target

Baccalaureate

Actual

2020 41% 60% 76% 72%

2021 41 43 76 67

2022 41 44 76 74

2023 41 36 76 64

2024 41 — 76 —

2025 41 — 76 —
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

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Measure: The percentages of graduates who are employed, in advanced education or training, 

or are neither employed nor enrolled in advanced education or training during their first year 

after graduation.

Year

Employed

Target

Employed

Actual

Advanced Ed

Target

Advanced Ed

Actual

Neither

Target

Neither

Actual

2020 50% 51% 45% 40% 5% 9%

2021 50 54 45 41 5 5

2022 50 60 45 36 5 4

2023 50 — 45 — 5 —

2024 50 — 45 — 5 —

2025 50 — 45 — 5 —

Additional information: Any graduate who was simultaneously employed and in advanced 

education or training was placed into the category that best described their status.

Each year, NTID reports this information for deaf and hard-of-hearing sub-baccalaureate and

baccalaureate graduates one year after graduation, based on the availability of valid data. Thus,

performance data here lags one year behind other reported data. The data for 2023 graduates

will be available in late 2024 and will be reported in the FY 2026 Congressional Justification. 

Efficiency Measures

Objective: Improve the efficiency of operations at NTID as defined by the cost per successful

student outcome, where the successful outcome is graduation.

Measure: Total Federal cost per NTID graduate.

Year Target Actual

2020 $237,905 $218,600

2021 242,102 309,000

2022 244,964 268,000

2023 260,205 —

2024 N/A —

2025 N/A —

Additional information: The Federal cost per graduate, as reported by NTID, includes 

graduates who receive certificates, diplomas, associate degrees, baccalaureate degrees, and

master’s degrees. The measure is calculated by averaging the Federal appropriation for a

particular year and the previous 5 years, and dividing the figure by the number of graduates for

that school year.

The Department recognizes that this measure is flawed by its aggregation of degree types and

assumption of a 6-year time-to-completion regardless of degree obtained. The Department

continues to work with NTID to establish a new efficiency measure and is considering measures 

based on NTID’s efficiency in enabling its students to graduate in a timely manner. The fiscal

year 2023 performance data for this new efficiency measure will be reported in the fiscal year

2026 budget request.
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Measure: Total educational cost per NTID graduate.

Year Target Actual

2020 $285,854 $268,300

2021 290,897 365,800

2022 294,335 310,400

2023 312,649 —

2024 N/A —

2025 N/A —

Additional information: The measure, which looks at the total cost of educating a student at 

NTID as an indication of how efficiently the university operates, is calculated by averaging the 

total annual student expenditures for a particular year and the previous 5 years, and dividing the 

figure by the number of graduates for that school year. Graduates include students receiving 

certificates, diplomas, associate degrees, baccalaureate degrees, and master’s degrees. The

cost is composed of the total program budget excluding expenditures associated with research,

public services, auxiliary enterprises, and construction.

The Department continues to work with NTID to establish a new efficiency measure and is

considering measures based on NTID’s efficiency in enabling its students to graduate in a timely

manner. The fiscal year 2023 performance data for this new efficiency measure will be reported 

in the fiscal year 2026 budget request.