INL TECHNOLOGIES

National Security

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Protecting the Nation’s

Every day American

lives are at risk to acts

of foreign and domestic terrorism. Protecting and

defending our homeland is the

reason the Idaho National

Laboratory works closely with

agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security

and the Department of Defense

to develop, test and validate

technologies, systems and

policies that protect the

nation’s infrastructure.

Leveraging the Laboratory’s

more than 50 years of nuclear

research and testing and its

associated complex infrastructure, the INL developed a

Critical Infrastructure Test

Range, where full-scale

infrastructure systems can be

analyzed and tested under

real-world conditions.

Given the increasing

interconnections and interdependencies of systems - such

as our communications,

power distribution and

transportation infrastructure -

it is essential that we understand their vulnerabilities, so

we can correct or compensate

for them. By understanding

vulnerabilities – from the

component level to the system

level – we can develop

engineered systems and tools

that will ensure the survivability of our critical infrastructures when they are

challenged by terrorism or

natural disasters and aging.

The complexity of the

systems that make up our

critical infrastructures

requires that actual systems

be tested. These tests will give

us an understanding of the

complex interaction of a real

integrated infrastructure. The

Critical Infrastructure Test

Range provides a capability

that complements current

efforts to model equipment

and systems with numerical

simulations. It allows organizations to visualize, analyze,

and test their infrastructure

systems in a domain that is

more realistic than computer

simulations, yet safe and

secure.

The INL Critical Infrastructure Test Range encompasses

a collection specialized test

beds and training complexes

that create a centralized

location where government

agencies, utility companies

Idaho’s Test Range

The complexity of the

systems that make up our

critical infrastructures requires

that systems be tested as part

of an integrated infrastructure.

INL’s Test Range features fullscale systems that deliver

realistic and safe testing.

Infrastructure
INL TECHNOLOGIES

and equipment manufacturers

can work together to find

solutions to many of the

nation’s most pressing

security issues.

Expertise

INL engineers have designed,

built and continue to run the

complex critical infrastructures

supporting operations on the

890-square-mile site – home,

over the years, to more than 52

nuclear research and test

reactors. The laboratory’s

scientific expertise ranges

from chemical, biological and

nuclear materials detection

research and development to

control systems, cyber security

and wireless connectivity. INL

national security products and

personnel have been used in

response to the terrorist attacks

of 9/11, disaster response

training exercises during the

Olympic Games and during

energy industry exercise

support. We provide technical

training to National Guard

Civil Support Teams. Our

employees, with environmental cleanup expertise second to

none, understand plume

patterns, environmental

interactions and containment

methods. This diverse and

comprehensive professional

work force offers customers

expertise they need to understand and test complex,

integrated infrastructures,

vulnerabilities and solutions.

Natural Attributes

The INL location – 32 miles

west of Idaho Falls, Idaho – is

remote and secure yet still

convenient to airport, interstate and rail. The Site

contains clusters of facilities –

similar to several small cities.

The remainder of the land is

native rolling landscape.

Continued from previous page • High desert plain

• 5000’ elevation, arid

• 890 square miles

• Subsurface aquifer

• Relatively flat

• River beds

• -30° to 100 °F

• Grasses, sagebrush, desert

vegetation

• 94% undeveloped

• National Environmental

Research Park

Facilities

INL has operated research

and development, manufacturing and waste management programs for more than

50 years, resulting in a

complex internal infrastructure containing facilities

representative of the nation’s

critical infrastructure. Many

of these facilities – active

and inactive – are available

for isolatable tests.

The INL location – 32 miles

west of Idaho Falls, Idaho – is

remote and secure yet still

convenient to airport, interstate

and rail. The Site contains six

clusters of facilities – similar to

six small cities.

The INL Test Range is

a collection of specialized test beds where

technologies, systems

and policies that protect

the nation’s critical

infrastructure are

developed, tested and

validated under realworld conditions.
INL TECHNOLOGIES

• INL-controlled autonomous

research and operational

campuses

• 288 buildings

• 569,600 acres

• Power distribution

• Nuclear Reactors

• Material Production

• Chemical processing and

treatment

• Waste management

• Analytical and research

laboratories

• Inactive coal-fired plant

• Live-fire weapons and test

range

• Fire training facility

• Support facilities – fire,

medical, emergency

response

Infrastructure

Test Beds

SCADA/Control System

INL possesses capabilities

and expertise in a number of

control system applications.

INL researchers perform

assessments on systems for

the chemical, water and oil

and gas industry, as well as

other systems that make up

the nation’s critical infrastructure.

One type of system is known

as a Supervisory Control and

Data Acquisition (SCADA)

system. This system’s primary

function is to operate the

nation’s electric power supply.

SCADA systems are digital

automation devises that

perform and relay physical

changes in infrastructure

systems to technical operators.

Originally designed for

reliability and efficiency, they

are capable of monitoring

millions of data points and are

at risk to physical or cyber

attacks. The U.S. departments

of Energy and Homeland

Security selected the INL to

lead the nation in SCADA and

control system vulnerability

reduction.

INL’s infrastructure Test Beds

combine deployed field-scale

SCADA components with

laboratory-installed, industryprovided systems. Engineers

have extensive experience in

design, development, integration, systemization, testing

and demonstration of multiple SCADA and process

control systems in real-time

use at the laboratory.

Here, control system and

cyber experts systematically

examine the components of a

functioning system and look

for inherent vulnerabilities.

Industry and government

customers can bring their

remote terminal units,

intelligent electronic devices

and programmable logic

controllers to the Test Bed

and connect them to our fullscale electrical power grid

for further testing and tool

development.

Additionally, in collaboration

with Sandia National Laboratories, INL operates the

DOE-sponsored National

SCADA Test Bed.

Telecommunication Test Bed

INL offers large-scale, end-toend testing of 3G/4G cellular,

land mobile radios, wireless

local area network and

backhaul (microwave, FSO,

satellite) systems to industry

and government. The laboratory is authorized by the

National Telecommunications

and Information Administration (NTIA) to operate as an

experimental radio station. As

a result, INL can test communications systems with a view

toward science or technology.

With its cell tower infrastructure, low RF noise, and access

to INL’s experienced telecommunications design staff and

test engineers, customers can

Idaho National Laboratory’s

complex internal infrastructure contains facilities

representative of the nation’s

critical infrastructure, many of

which are available for

isolatable tests.

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test in an isolated environment without public beta test

risks or impact to critical or

emergency infrastructures.

Customers using the Wireless

Test Bed have access to

research and testing capabilities across a number of TCP/

IP, ATM, 802.11, GSM, and

modem communication

signals. This Test Bed

includes 170 miles of fiber –

OC-3, OC-12 fiber links over

an SONET/ATM backbone,

testing capabilities for 2-way

radio systems, cell phones

and hard-wired systems.

Additionally, the test bed

includes testing capabilities

for intranet systems, intrusion detection, firewall and

secure communications.

Powergrid

INL operates its own electrical

power transmission and

distribution system, 24/7. The

grid, which is linked with

state-of-the-art SCADA,

communications and cyber

testing capabilities, is operated

under a full range of climatic

conditions (temperature, wind,

snow, ice, ozone). We can

safely isolate sections of the

grid and associated infrastructure to conduct full-scale

testing of technology, components, systems and processes.

This functioning power grid

consists of 61 miles of 138 kV

transmission loop distribution

that feeds power to the INL,

and allow our expert staff

Our Powergrid Test Bed

includes advanced designs of

conductors and towers. We

have experience in modeling

and system planning tools and

monitoring technologies in

frequency, voltage, VAR,

phasors and line sag. We

house transmission lines and

towers in excess of 10 miles

long, and we provide customers access to a robust group of

SCADA and cyber security

researchers with backgrounds

in multiple operating systems,

hardware, configurations and

industry sectors. Engineering

support for full-scale testing

is also available.

INL offers large-scale,

end-to-end testing of

3G/4G cellular, land

mobile radios,

wireless local area

network and backhaul

(microwave, FSO,

satellite) systems.

Continued from previous page to configure numerous

network topologies to meet

any customer’s needs. Within

the loop there are multiple

feeders, transformers, and

seven independent substations.

These resources allow us to

bring testing out of the theoretical, and into the real world.

The laboratory

is authorized

by the National

Telecommunications

and Information

Administration

(NTIA) to operate as

an experimental

radio station.

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Cyber Security

INL maintains multiple layers

of firewalls, intrusion detection systems, hybrid systems

and encryption links for

unclassified network operating centers, classified environments and geographically

distributed high-speed

scientific networks. INL staff

has experience with and

access to the latest information on hacker methods and

defense techniques and

performs vulnerability

assessments for other national

laboratories, federal agencies,

utilities and commercial

companies. INL experts are

certified in multiple areas

under the System Administration Networking and Security

Institute’s Global Incident

Analysis Center training

program.

The INL Cyber Security Test

Bed is the only testing facility

of its kind located within a

national laboratory. It gives

customers access to multiple

classified and unclassified test

facilities and Test Range

components, and is capable of

providing a customized

intrusion detection system,

vulnerability assessment and

exploit and mitigation

development. Employees

have working relationships

with international security

resources.

The INL’s Cyber Security Test

Bed has the flexibility to

replicate any customer’s

control system specifications.

We can use those specifications to run simultaneous

attacks on multiple systems,

or we can perform individualized full-scale cyber attacks,

in a controlled setting, on an

exact replica system. The

Cyber Security Test Bed is

also capable of connecting to

any number of related test

beds located at the site on our

Test Range.

INL cyber security researchers leverage the methods and

ideologies that cyber adversaries and hackers possess so

we can instruct our customers

to protect themselves, their

business, and their clients that

depend on efficient, reliable,

and secure control system and

network operation.

Contraband Detection

Test Beds

Explosive Detection

INL scientists, experts

in ion mobility and secondary

ion mass spectrometry, are

conducting research and

performing testing on trace

explosives detection systems

for the Transportation Security Administration, the

Federal Aviation Administration and other federal agencies. They perform explosive

forensic analysis and develop

detection testing standards.

INL maintains a Class II,

Division I Operations Room

INL’s Cyber Security Test Bed

has the flexibility to replicate

any customer’s control

system specifications.

INL operates its own electrical power transmission and distribution

system, which is linked with state-of-the-art SCADA, communications

and cyber testing capabilities. Continued next page

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for explosives assembly and a

BATF-certified magazine for

explosives storage.

INL scientists and engineers

also have extensive expertise

in bulk explosives detection

technologies and are involved

in the development and

demonstration of the Idaho

Explosives Detection System

(IEDS) for cargo truck

inspections at entry points to

Department of Defense

facilities. INL is also developing other bulk explosives

detection technologies for

DHS and DoD customers.

Active Interrogation Research and Test Facilities

INL is conducting research,

development and testing of

active interrogation technologies focused on the detection

of weapons of mass destruction including nuclear materials, chemicals and explosives.

Facilities support field-testing

of laboratory-developed

technologies including digital

radiography, neutron-based

non-destructive analysis and

linear accelerators. INL

maintains a controlled test

environment for large-scale

staging and demonstration of

active interrogation technologies including a cargo

container inspection mockup.

The facilities allow for rapid

reconfiguration for broad

contraband detection research

in low-to-medium-energy

nuclear science using accelerator-produced radiation.

Our scientists are experts in

radiography, tomography and

nuclear techniques for nondestructive assay.

In collaboration with Idaho

State University, INL scientists

conduct research at the Idaho

Accelerator Center, located in

Pocatello, Idaho. In its three

large facilities, the IAC

maintains 10 operating

accelerators including 20-MeV

LINAC, 25 MeV LINAC, 30-

MeV Short Pulsed LINAC ,

ISIS 3.5 MeV 15kA pulse

accelerator,18 MeV LINAC, 2

MeV Positive Ion Van de

Graaff, North Star 1.2MeV DC

electron/proton accelerator and

D/T Neutron Generator.

Biotechnology Center

INL conducts real-time

detection quantification of

pathogens in wildlife and the

environment.

Laboratory scientists have

supported state of Idaho and

regional surveillance for

Bacillus anthracis spores and

have developed human

antibody profiling for forensic

applications. The Biotechnology Center includes BSL-1

and-2 laboratories, environmental chambers, pilot-scale

bioprocess high-bay, modular

Class 100 clean room, open and

classified greenhouse space,

walk-in incubators and cold

rooms, flow hoods, biosafety

cabinets and autoclaves.

Instrumentation includes gas,

ion, liquid chromatographs;

spectrophotometers, mass

spectrometers; electron

microscopes; high throughput

DNA sequences; robotic DNA

workstation, microarray

facility, multiple real-time PCR

instrument platforms, distributed bioinformatics network,

and X-ray fluorescence

spectrometer.

Physical Security

Test Beds

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles/

Unmanned Ground Vehicles

With its access-controlled

boundary, high-desert terrain

and sparse population, INL is

in a unique position to offer

unmanned aerial vehicle and

unmanned ground vehicle

collaborative operational

testing and demonstration.

INL is conducting research and

performing field-testing on

remote standoff explosive

detection technologies.

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INL TECHNOLOGIES

INL’s UAV program focuses

on unique applications and

missions for a wide variety of

customers looking for affordable, field-deployable airframe

technologies with meaningful

payload and endurance.

The INL UAV program

includes small, hand-launched

systems, unmanned rotorcraft

and larger UAV craft. The

larger craft weigh approximately 55 pounds and can

carry up to 20 pounds. A

larger payload, combined with

longer flight times, enables

these aircraft to perform more

complex and beneficial

missions. INL possesses

numerous UAV payload

packages and ground-controlsupported equipment.

The laboratory maintains a

dedicated UAV 1000’ x 100’

airfield and tactical support

facility.

INL’s UAV team continues to

demonstrate firsts in its efforts

to increase performance,

usability and productivity, and

to manage risk. INL UAV

personnel have demonstrated

their operations expertise by

simultaneously flying five,

small UAVs autonomously in

the same confined airspace.

INL integrated the rapid

development of a durable,

affordable, composite endurance autonomous UAV with

customized sensor capabilities

for client requirements.

Live Fire Test Range

The complex consists of eight

indoor and outdoor ranges, and

tactical training facilities

located on 330 acres of

isolated, desert-type terrain.

The facilities support research

and development testing and

training and testing of

handguns, rifles and heavy

Laboratory scientists have supported state of Idaho and regional

surveillance for Bacillus anthracis spores and have developed human

antibody profiling for forensic applications.

INL maintains a controlled test

environment for large-scale

staging and demonstration

including a cargo container

inspection mockup.

Continued next page

INL is conducting

research, development

and testing of active

interrogation

technologies focused on

the detection of

weapons of mass

destruction

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05-GA50172

A U.S. Department of Energy

National Laboratory

Tom Harper

(208) 526-0113

Thomas.Harper@inl.gov

Curtis Papke

(208) 526-4329

Curtis.Papke@inl.gov

For more information:

INL is in a unique position to offer unmanned aerial vehicle and

unmanned ground vehicle operational testing and demonstration.

The Live Fire Range Complex supports research and development,

and training and testing of handguns, rifles and heavy weapons.

Continued from previous page

weapons such as machine

guns, precision rifles, grenade

launchers and shoulder-fired,

anti-armor weapons. Explosive

training and testing, including

breaching, is also conducted.

Incident Response Training

and Exercise Center

INL’s site is representative of

U.S. critical infrastructure

with power distribution,

transportation (road and rail),

communication (wired and

wireless) and urban and rural

terrains. We provide radiological training for WMD

incident response field

exercises and we are approved for chem/bio

simulants and radiological

sources for realistic, scenario-based training. This

training is supported by

onsite fire department,

hazmat emergency response,

medical, physical security

and craft support.

Material Protection Control

and Accountability Interactive Evaluation and Training Center

INL serves as the U.S. Department of Energy lead laboratory

for nuclear energy and fuel

cycle technologies. As such,

the laboratory is steward to an

impressive host of nuclear

energy and fuel cycle operations and expertise, including

two operating nuclear reactors,

fuel processing facilities, fuel

and nuclear materials storage,

operating hot cell facilities,

and a variety of irradiated and

unirradiated nuclear materials.

Since 1994, INL has used this

first-hand experience to

provide instructional and

hands-on nuclear material

protection, control and

accountability and emergency

management training to

personnel responsible for

security at commercial nuclear

reactors, research reactors and

facilities worldwide.

Beginning in 1997, this

training has been conducted

at the Material Protection,

Control and Accountability

(MPC&A) Interactive

Evaluation and Training

Center located within the

Materials and Fuels Complex

on the INL. The training is

provided in conjunction with

an operating environment,

allowing students to learn

standardized techniques and

approaches to safeguards and

security employed within the

DOE complex, in a realworld environment.

Conclusion

With our vast pool of experienced experts, technologies

and full-scale testing capabilities to draw on, the Idaho

National Laboratory’s Critical

Infrastructure Test Range

provides customers with reallife solutions to some of the

nation’s most significant

security concerns.

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