## APPENDIX M. DERIVATION OF HEATING LOAD HOURS TABLE OF CONTENTS M.l Purpose of using Heating Load Hours (HLH) in LCC Analysis ................. M-1 M.2 Derivation of Heating Load Hours (HLH) ................................. M-1 

## M.2.1 HLH Calculation Methodology .................................... M-2 M.2. 1.1 ODT Imputation Method ................................ M-3

LIST OF TABLES
Table M

.2.1 Imputation Results .............................................. M-4
LIST OF FIGURES Figure M.2.1 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. Outdoor Design Temperature (ODT) ..... M-2 Figure M.2.2 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) vs. Outdoor Design Temperature (ODT) ..... M-3 Figure M.2.3 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. Imputed Outdoor Design Temperature



## (ODT) Values .................................................. M-4 

## APPENDIXM. DERIVATION OFHEATINGLOAD HOURS TABLE OFCONTENTS M.l Purpose ofusing Heating Load Hours (HLH) in LCC Analysis

....... .. . ... ... . M-l M.2 Derivation ofHeating Load Hours (HLH)

... . . . ..... . .. . .. . .... .... ....... M-l M.2.1 HLH CalculationMethodology

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. M-2 M

.2.1.1 ODT ImputationMethod

... . .................... . ....... M-3 LIST OFTABLES Table M.2.1 ImputationResults

...... .. ........ .. ........ .. ......... . ........ M-4 LIST OFFIGURES Figure M.2.1 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. OutdoorDesign Temperature (ODT)

..... M-2 Figure M.2.2 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) vs. Outdoor Design Temperature (ODT)

..... M-3 Figure M.2.3 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. Imputed OutdoorDesign Temperature (ODT) Values

... . ....... ....... . ... . . . .. . ... . .......... . ... .... M-4

M-i

## APPENDIX M: DERIVATION OF HEATING LOAD HOURS

M.1 Purpose of using Heating Load Hours (HLH) in LCC Analysis Using HLH permits a more accurate calculation of the electricity contribution to the house heating load (HHL). The calculation of the HHL for the existing household in the LCC spreadsheet is shown in Eq. M-1:


## HHL = Q1,z,RECS * AFUEex + BE,, * t+ - t BOH,, + N*HLH*(3600 Eq. M-1 where, QYR,RECS = fuel used for heating per year of the existing household, (BTU/h), AFUEex = AFUE for existing household (see Chapter 7 Section 7.4.3 for

household assignment), (%), 3.412 = constant to convert kW to kBtu/hr, BED = calculation of baseline BE for the household (see Chapter 7 Section

7.5.3 for the calculation of BE for the baseline furnaces; the power consumption of boilers circulating pump motor is 62 watts for the baseline model design'), (kW), BOH = QYR,RECS divided by input capacity (see Chapter 7 Section 7.6), (h), N = number of cycles per hour (set equal to 5 for furnaces and 2 for boilers) 2, (cycles/h), 

## HLH = heating load hours (as defined in section M.2), (h), t+ = off delay (see Chapter 7 Section 7.2.7 for values used), (min), and t- = on delay (see Chapter 7 Section 7.2.7 for values used) (min).
M.2 Derivation of Heating Load Hours (HLH) The heating load hours (HLH) is defined in Eq. M-2 as3:


## 24*HDD HLH = 65 - ODT Eq. M-2 where, 24 = number of hours in one day (h/d), HDD = heating degree days, (d), ODT = outdoor design temperature, (F°) and 65 = typical average outdoor temperature at which a furnace or boiler starts operating, (F°).

M-1 

## APPENDIXM: DERIVATION OFHEATINGLOAD HOURS

M.l Purpose ofusing HeatingLoad Hours (HLH) in LCCAnalysis Using HLHpennits a more accurate calculationofthe electricity contribution to the house heatingload(HHL). ThecalculationoftheHHLfortheexistinghouseholdintheLCC spreadsheet is showninEq

.M-l:

where, [ t+ - 

# r 

# 1

. HHL 

# = Qn,RECS 

# *AFUEex 

# +BEex 

# * BOH ex 

# +N*HLH*( 3600 ) Eq. M-l

3.412 

## BEex

BOH ex N 

## HLH 

# t r fuel usedfor heating peryear ofthe existinghousehold, (BTUIh), 

# = AFUE for existing household (see Chapter 7 Section 7.4.3 for household assignment), (%), 

# = constant to convertkWto kBtu/hr, 

# = calculation ofbaseline BEfor the household (see Chapter7 Section 7.5.3 for the calculation ofBE for the baseline furnaces; the power consumption ofboilers circulating pump motor is 62 watts for the baseline model designl), (kW),



# = QYR,RECS 

## dividedby input capacity (see Chapter7 Section 7.6), (h), number ofcycles per hour (set equal to 5 for furnaces and 2 for boilers) 2, 

## (cycleslh), heating loadhours (as defined in sectionM.2), (h), offdelay (see Chapter 7 Section7.2.7 for values used), (min), and on delay (see Chapter7 Section 7.2.7 for values used) (min).



## M.2 Derivation ofHeatingLoadHours (HLH)

where, Theheating loadhours (HLH) is defined inEq. M-2 as3:



## 24 HDD ODT 65 

# 24*HDD HLH= Eq M2 

# 65- ODT . -



# = number ofhours in one day (hid), 

# = heating degree days, (d), 

# = outdoor design temperature, (FO) and typical average outdoor temperature at which a furnace orboiler starts operating, (FO ).

M-l

## M.2.1 HLH Calculation Methodology The Energy Information Administration (EIA)'s Residential Energy Consumption Survey of 2001 (RECS 2001)4 data include heating degree days (HDD) for individual households, but does not calculate outdoor design temperature (ODT). To calculate HLH, DOE gathered HDD, cooling degree days (CDD), and ODT data for individual cities in the U.S. and matched RECS 2001 data using household's location defined by its census division and four large state designation, CDD, and HDD. Due to confidentiality issues with the RECS 2001 data HDD and CDD are averaged for a number of households over their census division or large state designation. Therefore, there are only 255 individual HDD and CDD combinations for the 4822 individual households. DOE matched ODT data to these 255 individual combinations, not to individual households. DOE gathered HDD and CDD data for over 5000 cities using U.S.climate data5'6. We used the 1993 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals' to gather ODT data for 753 cities and the 97.5 percent ODT used by NIST3 to calculate HLH. From these sources, DOE matched 660 cities that had both ODT, HDD, and CDD data. See Figures M.2.1 and M.2.2 to see the relationship between ODT and HDD and between ODT and CDD.

80

60 y = -0.0061x + 41.493 40 _ RZ = 0.8735

♦ e 20 ♦ 0 0 5000 0o 15000 20000 25000 O -20
-40
-60
-80
-100 HDD (days) 

### Figure M.2.1 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. Outdoor Design Temperature

(ODT) 

## M.2.1 HLHCalculationMethodology The EnergyInformation Administration (EIA)'s Residential Energy Consumption Survey of2001 (RECS 2001)4 dataincludeheatingdegreedays (HDD) for individualhouseholds,butdoes notcalculateoutdoordesigntemperature (ODT)

. To calculateHLH, DOEgatheredHDD, cooling degree days (CDD), andODT data for individual cities inthe U.S. andmatchedRECS 2001 data usinghousehold'slocationdefinedbyitscensusdivisionandfourlarge statedesignation, CDD, and HDD. Due to confidentiality issues withthe RECS 2001 data HDD and CDD are averaged for a numberofhouseholdsovertheircensusdivisionorlargestatedesignation. Therefore,thereareonly 255 individual HDD and CDD combinations for the 4822 individual households

. DOE matched ODT datato these 255 individual combinations, notto individualhouseholds. DOE gatheredHDD andCDD datafor over5000citiesusingu.S.climatedata5

,6. 

## Weused the 1993ASHRAEHandbookFundamentals7

## to gatherODTdatafor753 citiesandthe 97.5percent ODTusedbyNIST3

## to calculateHLH. Fromthese sources, DOEmatched 660 cities thathadboth ODT,HDD, andCDDdata. SeeFiguresM.2.1 andM.2.2to seetherelationshipbetweenODTand HDD andbetween ODT and CDD.

80

60

40

20 

# • [ 0 

## b 0 -20

-40

-60

-80

-100 

### 15000 

# •

HDD (days) y=-0.0061x + 41.493 R2 =0.8735



### 20000 25000



## FigureM.2.1 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. Outdoor Design Temperature (ODT)

M-280

60 y = 0.0114x - 2.5092 R2 = 0.4433

40- ^w a a a

W O

" s 40

<a T a F

1 • ¢ i a 20 L ° i L ^p i b 41 O 0 ` 0 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 -20 ^pss

-40

-60 CDD (days) 

### Figure M.2.2 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) vs. Outdoor Design Temperature

(ODT) 

## M.2.1.1 ODT Imputation Method To calculate ODT, DOE matched the RECS 2001 combinations (255 individual combinations of census divisions plus 4 large states, HDD, and CDD) to U.S. weather data. DOE used the U.S. weather station closest (or with minimum "distance") from the RECS 2001 data combination. Eq. M-3 calculates the "distance" between the U.S. weather data and RECS 2001 data:


## "Distance " = V(HDD2 - HDD, )2 + (CDD2 - CDD, )2 Eq. M-3 where,
HDDI = heating degree days from U.S. weather data, HDD2 = heating degree days from RECS 2001 data, CDDI = cooling degree days from U. S. weather data, and 

## CDD2 = cooling degree days from RECS 2001 data. Figure M.2.3 shows the relationship between the imputed ODT values and the RECS 2001 HDD values.

M-3 80

60

40**~** 20 0 

### !:SI0 0 0

-20

-40

-60 

# • ---------- -- --**.----~~--- --~---------~**  

### y = 0.0114x

- 2.5092 

## R? 

## = 0.4433

----**----~~ ------** **----- -:-**  

# •

5000 6000

COO (days) 

## FigureM.2.2 Cooling Degree Days (CnD) vs. Outdoor Design Temperature (ODT) M.2.I.1 ODT ImputationMethod To calculate ODT, DOE matched the RECS 2001 combinations (255 individual combinations ofcensus divisionsplus 4 large states, HDD, and CDD) to U.S. weatherdata. DOE used the

# u.s. weather station closest (or with minimum "distance") from the RECS 2001 data combination. Eq. M-3 calculates the "distance" between the

# u.s. weather data and RECS 2001 data:

where, 

## HDD] HDD2 CDD] CDD2 heating degree days from U.S. weather data, heating degree days from RECS 2001 data, cooling degree days from U.S. weatherdata, and cooling degree days from RECS 2001 data. FigureM.2.3 shows the relationshipbetweenthe imputed ODTvalues andthe RECS 2001 HDD values.

M-370 60 

### y= -0.0066x + 43.973 50 R2 = 0.8701

p9 v 40 - 8+Q P ^ 4 L 30 0 m ^# + p ® a 20 e + a o Pp+ + 10 p

P P 0 09ar r + +^

2000 4000 6000 ° Pp f 10000 12000 -10 -20 30
- HDD (days) 

### Figure M.2.3 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. Imputed Outdoor Design

Temperature (ODT) Values Table M.2.1 shows the imputation results.
Table M.2.1 Ian utation Results Division +4 IIDD65 CODGS qDT 2 4168 1404 14 1 5053 903 9 2 4398 1271 14 1 5247 820 9 2 4484 1070 14 1 5256 613 9 2 4781 1045 14 1 5312 777 9 2 4807 1027 14 1 5397 760 9 2 4850 961 13 1 5415 753 9 2 4880 983 11 1 5455 583 9 2 4931 1083 14 1 5456 887 0 2 4940 1027 14 1 5549 769 9 2 5190 743 13 1 5791 781 0 2 5235 801 10 1 5872 711 0 2 5263 704 13 1 5914 696 0 2 5289 881 12 1 5939 708 0 2 5395 719 13 1 5978 671 9 2 5508 596 9 1 6183 761 0 2 5560 714 8 1 6433 590 1 2 5573 589 9 1 6822 447 -7 2 5631 714 2 1 8072 416 -7 2 5651 722 2 1 2 8948

4148 191

1225 -9

14 2

2 5826

5831 608

515 5

5 2 6340 377 7



### M-4 70 

### I
o 

### 60 

# • 50· • ----- . --..... .. .. . - -

C)' 

### !:!:. I- 

### 20 0 0 

### 10 0 -10 -20 -30 HDD (days) 

### y =

### -0.0066x + 

### 43.973 R2 =

### 0.8701**-------~-.-.**



### 12000



## FigureM.2.3 Heating Degree Days (HDD) vs. Imputed OutdoorDesign Temperature (ODT) Values Table M.2.1 shows the imputationresults. 

## T hi M21 I

a e 

# . . mputation

# R It 

## esu s Division +4 HDD65 CDD6!1 DDT 

### 2 4168 1404 1 5053 903 9 2 4398 1271 1 5247 820 9 2 4484 1070 1 5256 613 9 2 4781 1045 1 5312 777 9 2 4807 1027 1 5397 760 9 2 4850 961 1 5415 753 9 2 4880 983 1 5455 583 9 2 4931 1083 1 5456 887 0 2 4940 1027 1 5549 769 9 2 5190 743 1 5791 781 0 2 5235 801 1 5872 711 0 2 5263 704 1 5914 696 0 2 5289 881 1 5939 708 0 2 5395 719 1 5978 671 9 2 5508 596 1 6183 761 0 2 5560 714 1 6433 590 1 2 5573 589 1 6822 447 -7 2 5631 714 1 8072 416 -7 2 5651 722 1 8948 191 -9 2 5826 608 2 4148 1225 14 2 5831 515 2 6340 377



### M-4 14 14 14 14 14 13 11 14 14 13 10 13 12 13 9 8 9 2 2 5 5 7Division + 4 HDD65 CDD65 ODT 3 4683 1411 9 4 5771 980 0 3 4752 974 10 4 6456 940 -4 3 4806 1231 7 4 6727 711 -3 3 4824 1048 10 4 7153 922 -7 3 4889 1083 10 4 7506 647 -10 3 5046 1149 6 4 7574 708 -10 3 5080 902 7 4 7617 738 -11 3 5207 847 7 4 7808 654 -10 3 5297 740 7 4 7988 777 -14 3 5316 1154 6 4 8122 711 -12 3 5409 1072 5 5 2164 1936 25 3 5501 696 7 5 2251 1902 26 3 5513 740 7 5 2474 1669 22 3 5530 1064 4 5 2554 1535 23 3 5590 715 7 5 2592 1648 22 3 5598 697 7 5 2672 1770 24 3 5637 863 4 5 2742 1669 22 3 5641 973 1 5 2932 1643 22 3 5725 606 6 5 2957 1555 23 3 5777 802 5 5 2971 1367 21 3 5800 735 5 5 2992 1352 21 3 5855 931 3 5 2997 1330 27 3 5873 673 7 5 3047 1420 21 3 5936 849 2 5 3100 1479 21 3 6019 537 6 5 3118 1497 19 3 6041 746 6 5 3163 1536 19 3 6139 516 6 5 3175 1422 21 3 6215 620 5 5 3213 1414 21 3 6633 729 -1 5 3222 1290 27 3 6796 713 -1 5 3241 1463 22 3 6877 693 -4 5 3377 1356 20 3 6932 642 5 5 3687 1424 22 3 7038 567 -3 5 3885 1301 20 3 7076 722 -4 5 4068 1139 18 3 7137 546 -3 5 4095 1025 16 3 7526 653 -9 5 4263 1125 18 3 7927 590 -8 5 4364 1105 14 4 4174 1419 16 5 4394 1072 16 4 4198 1573 15 5 4454 1030 16 4 4249 1713 4 5 4520 837 14 4 4404 1377 9 5 4591 1133 14 4 4422 1545 13 6 1291 2716 31 4 4545 1637 4 6 2384 1955 22 4 4665 1294 9 6 2565 1833 22 4 4720 1405 9 6 2620 1797 22 4 4873 1114 8 6 2760 1907 22 4 4984 1270 2 6 3424 1430 13 4 5106 1297 2 6 3568 1206 19



### M-5 Division +4 HDD65 CDD65 CDT 3 4683 1411 9 4 5771 980 0 3 4752 974 10 4 6456 940 -4 3 4806 1231 7 4 6727 711 -3 3 4824 1048 10 4 7153 922 -7 3 4889 1083 10 4 7506 647 -10 3 5046 1149 6 4 7574 708 -10 3 5080 902 7 4 7617 738 -11 3 5207 847 7 4 7808 654 -10 3 5297 740 7 4 7988 777 -14 3 5316 1154 6 4 8122 711 -12 3 5409 1072 5 5 2164 1936 25 3 5501 696 7 5 2251 1902 26 3 5513 740 7 5 2474 1669 22 3 5530 1064 4 5 2554 1535 23 3 5590 715 7 5 2592 1648 22 3 5598 697 7 5 2672 1770 24 3 5637 863 4 5 2742 1669 22 3 5641 973 1 5 2932 1643 22 3 5725 606 6 5 2957 1555 23 3 5777 802 5 5 2971 1367 21 3 5800 735 5 5 2992 1352 21 3 5855 931 3 5 2997 1330 27 3 5873 673 7 5 3047 1420 21 3 5936 849 2 5 3100 1479 21 3 6019 537 6 5 3118 1497 19 3 6041 746 6 5 3163 1536 19 3 6139 516 6 5 3175 1422 21 3 6215 620 5 5 3213 1414 21 3 6633 729 -1 5 3222 1290 27 3 6796 713 -1 5 3241 1463 22 3 6877 693 -4 5 3377 1356 20 3 6932 642 5 5 3687 1424 22 3 7038 567 -3 5 3885 1301 20 3 7076 722 -4 5 4068 1139 18 3 7137 546 -3 5 4095 1025 16 3 7526 653 -9 5 4263 1125 18 3 7927 590 -8 5 4364 1105 14 4 4174 1419 16 5 4394 1072 16 4 4198 1573 15 5 4454 1030 16 4 4249 1713 4 5 4520 837 14 4 4404 1377 9 5 4591 1133 14 4 4422 1545 13 6 1291 2716 31 4 4545 1637 4 6 2384 1955 22 4 4665 1294 9 6 2565 1833 22 4 4720 1405 9 6 2620 1797 22 4 4873 1114 8 6 2760 1907 22 4 4984 1270 2 6 3424 1430 13 4 5106 1297 2 6 3568 1206 19



### M-5Division + 4 HDD65 CDD65 ODT 6 3649 1315 13 10 5947 789 6 6 3836 1626 10 10 5957 638 6 6 3851 1074 16 10 6191 684 6 6 4047 1269 19 10 6217 653 6 6 4193 981 14 10 6243 571 6 7 1437 2704 35 10 6820 325 1 7 1562 2502 27 10 6932 400 2 7 1718 2604 31 10 7675 145 -2 7 1816 2578 27 11 1258 1314 35 7 2629 2490 17 11 1281 1058 39 7 2915 2115 15 11 1290 1050 39 7 3287 2078 14 11 1359 1704 33 7 3348 2374 16 11 1413 544 40 8 1093 5161 39 11 1539 446 40 8 1212 4612 39 11 1576 960 44 8 1615 3949 34 11 1669 311 36 8 1692 3509 28 11 1718 3745 33 8 2277 2067 19 11 1730 646 43 8 2686 2255 21 11 1734 1137 43 8 3266 1911 25 11 1737 1066 39 8 5356 1018 0 11 1849 2041 30 8 5447 1109 7 11 1912 1856 33 8 5566 905 6 11 1967 152 36 8 5576 663 8 11 1971 579 35 8 5675 912 6 11 2013 1787 33 8 6022 789 10 11 2050 1107 43 8 6074 592 -5 11 2094 1820 30 8 6262 703 12 11 2223 234 36 8 6583 426 2 11 2273 1528 32 8 6781 1037 8 11 2427 1522 30 8 7075 859 -2 11 2443 828 32 8 7134 431 -1 11 2642 135 36 8 7205 235 -1 11 2705 1676 22 8 7379 298 -1 11 2869 2256 32 8 7418 346 -14 11 2935 290 29 8 7419 790 -15 11 5228 310 17 8 7594 538 0 11 5524 256 17 9 0 4912 63 11 5968 463 17 9 4195 357 23 11 6083 106 33 9 4670 106 26 12 1189 3086 32 9 4993 71 24 12 1342 2806 31 9 5821 35 27 12 1376 2947 36 9 5897 531 5 12 1542 2995 31 9 6860 357 6 12 1545 2521 31 9 10045 0 -18 12 1568 2875 33 10 4242 1251 15 12 1791 2510 27 10 4298 1216 15 12 2022 2916 26 10 4575 1029 15 12 2294 2642 24



### M-6 Division +4 HDD6S CDD6S COT 6 3649 1315 13 10 5947 789 6 6 3836 1626 10 10 5957 638 6 6 3851 1074 16 10 6191 684 6 6 4047 1269 19 10 6217 653 6 6 4193 981 14 10 6243 571 6 7 1437 2704 35 10 6820 325 1 7 1562 2502 27 10 6932 400 2 7 1718 2604 31 10 7675 145 -2 7 1816 2578 27 11 1258 1314 35 7 2629 2490 17 11 1281 1058 39 7 2915 2115 15 11 1290 1050 39 7 3287 2078 14 11 1359 1704 33 7 3348 2374 16 11 1413 544 40 8 1093 5161 39 11 1539 446 40 8 1212 4612 39 11 1576 960 44 8 1615 3949 34 11 1669 311 36 8 1692 3509 28 11 1718 3745 33 8 2277 2067 19 11 1730 646 43 8 2686 2255 21 11 1734 1137 43 8 3266 1911 25 11 1737 1066 39 8 5356 1018 0 11 1849 2041 30 8 5447 1109 7 11 1912 1856 33 8 5566 905 6 11 1967 152 36 8 5576 663 8 11 1971 579 35 8 5675 912 6 11 2013 1787 33 8 6022 789 10 11 2050 1107 43 8 6074 592 -5 11 2094 1820 30 8 6262 703 12 11 2223 234 36 8 6583 426 2 11 2273 1528 32 8 6781 1037 8 11 2427 1522 30 8 7075 859 -2 11 2443 828 32 8 7134 431 -1 11 2642 135 36 8 7205 235 -1 11 2705 1676 22 8 7379 298 -1 11 2869 2256 32 8 7418 346 -14 11 2935 290 29 8 7419 790 -15 11 5228 310 17 8 7594 538 0 11 5524 256 17 9 0 4912 63 11 5968 463 17 9 4195 357 23 11 6083 106 33 9 4670 106 26 12 1189 3086 32 9 4993 71 24 12 1342 2806 31 9 5821 35 27 12 1376 2947 36 9 5897 531 5 12 1542 2995 31 9 6860 357 6 12 1545 2521 31 9 10045 0 -18 12 1568 2875 33 10 4242 1251 15 12 1791 2510 27 10 4298 1216 15 12 2022 2916 26 10 4575 1029 15 12 2294 2642 24



### M-6qivision + 4 HDD65 CDD65 DDT 12 2340 2580 25 12 2619 2574 25 12 2852 2242 20 12 3402 1937 18 12 4180 1622 13 12 4280 1828 15 13 83 4553 57 13 138 4546 57 13 224 4151 48 13 416 3458 42 13 421 3675 40 13 508 3665 40 13 516 3494 42 13 522 3308 44 13 545 3294 44 13 550 3661 40 13 849 2806 35 13 992 2726 35 13 1010 2723 35 13 1061 2628 33 13 1480 2225 30 -urvision +**~** HDD65 COD65 OOT 

### 12 2340 2580 25 13 516 3494 42 12 2619 2574 25 13 522 3308 44 12 2852 2242 20 13 545 3294 44 12 3402 1937 18 13 550 3661 40 12 4180 1622 13 13 849 2806 35 12 4280 1828 15 13 992 2726 35 13 83 4553 57 13 1010 2723 35 13 138 4546 57 13 1061 2628 33 13 224 4151 48 13 1480 2225 30 13 416 3458 42 13 421 3675 40 13 508 3665 40



### M-7

## REFERENCES

1. Taco Inc., 110-120 Red Baron Circulators, 2003. 2. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc., Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers, October, 2003

. Atlanta, GA. Report No

. BSR/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993R. First Public Review 3. Kelly, G. E., Chi, J., Kuklewicz, Mark E., Recommended Testing and Calculation Procedures forDetermining the Seasonal Performance ofResidential Central Furnaces and Boilers, October, 1978. National Bureau of Standards. Report No. NBSIR 78-1543. 4. U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Information Administration, Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 2001, 2001. (Last accessed May 18, 2005.) <http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs200l/Publicuse2OOl.html>
5. American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, SI Edition, 2004. Atlanta, GA. Report No. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004. (Normative Appendix D: Climate Data, Table D-1 pgs. 130-152) 6. American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), U.S. Climatic Data for ENVSTD 3.x (ASHRAE Energy Calculation Method), 7. American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Table 1 Climate Conditions for the United States. InASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals. I-P Edition ed. 1993. ASHRAE. p. 24.4-24.15 

## REFERENCES 1. Taco Inc., 

## 110-120RedBaron Circulators, 2003. 2. American Society ofHeating Refrigerating andAir-Conditioning Engineers Inc., 

## Method ofTestingfor Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers, October, 2003. Atlanta, GA. Report No. BSRJASHRAE Standard 103-1993R. FirstPublic Review 3. Kelly, G. E., Chi, J., Kuklewicz, Mark E., 

## Recommended Testing and Calculation Procedures forDeterminingtheSeasonalPerformanceof ResidentialCentralFurnacesand Boilers, October, 1978. National BureauofStandards. ReportNo. NBSIR78-1543. 4. U.S. Department of Energy

- Energy Information Administration, 

## Residential Energy ConsumptionSurvey:HouseholdEnergy ConsumptionandExpenditures2001, 2001. (Last accessedMay 18,2005.)<http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeuirecs/recs2001/publicuse200l.htrnl>

5. American Society for Heating Refrigeration andAir-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 

## Energy Standard for Buildings ExceptLow-RiseResidentialBuildings, 

## SIEdition, 2004. Atlanta, GA. Report No. ANSI/ASHRAEIIESNA Standard 90.1-2004. (Normative Appendix D: Climate Data, Table D-l pgs. 130-152) 

## 6. American Society for Heating Refrigeration andAir-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 

## Us. ClimaticDataforENVSTD 3.x (ASHRAEEnergy Calculation Method),
7. American Society for Heating Refrigeration andAir-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 

## Table 1 

## Climate Conditionsfor the UnitedStates. In

## ASHRAEHandbook, Fundamentals. I-P Edition ed. 1993. ASHRAE. p.24.4-24.15

M-8