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U.S. Department of Commerce Prepared by National Bureau ol Standard. National Bureau of Standards in cooperation with National Conference Washington 25, D.C. on Weights and Measures

Miscellaneous Publication 234* Issued November IB. 1960 (Supersedes Misc. Pub. 39) HOUSEHOLD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

The purpose of this card is to present in convenient form the weights and measures tables most useful for household purposes,

together with associated weights and measures information of general household interest. ADVICE TO THE HOUSEWIFE

Buy solid commodities by weight whenever possible. In any event, buy by definite quantity whenever practicable, and not by money s

Learn the price per pound, per quart, etc.. of what you buy. Learn to read the scale indications, and observe the weighing of your purchases. Cheek your purchases for price extension and quantity received. Mere package size may be deceptive. Read and compare labeled quantities in relation to price.

Demand accurate weight and measure in your purchases just as you demand

accurate change from the cashier. Some stores provide scales on which you can check the weights of your purchases. -Use them! Become acquainted with your local or State weights and measures official, and

consult him if in doubt on any weights and measures matter. Report suspected inaccuracies or violations of the weights and measures laws and regulations to your weights and measures official. CALORIES

The "calorie" is basically a unit of measure of heat. The large, or great,

calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree centigrade. This calorie is used as the unit

for expressing the heat-producing or energy-producing value of food. When

it is said that a certain amount of a particular food contains so many calories,

this statement means that the specified amount of that food is capable of

releasing to the body the specified amount of energy, through oxidation in the

tissues of the digested protein, fat, and carbohydrate constituents of the food.

Energy values in excess of those expended for bodily activities are stored in the A 30-page pamphlet published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and

entitled "Nutritive Value of Foods." presents tabular information on the nutritive value of a large number of foods, including calorie values. Copies of this publication, which is designated by the number H & G Bulletin 72, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing

Office, Washington 25, D.C, at 20 cents a copy. EQUIVALENTS OF THE COMMON CAPACITY UNITS USED IN THE KITCHEN

1 fluid dram equals1 teaspoonful equals

1 tablespoonful equals..

1 fluid ounce equals

\i cupful equals

1 gill (M cupful) equals.

1 cupful equals1 liquid pint equals-.-.

1 liquid quart equals.

1 milliliter* equals

1 liter equals _

Fluid drams

11%

4

16

32

64 128 256

0.27 270

Tea192

0.20 203

Table1632

64

0.06'S 67.6

Fluid ounces

%

%

124

1632

0.031, 33.8

Hi cupfuls

Ms

Ma

Vt

16

0.017

16.9

Gills

( V2 cupfuls)

o.oosi, 845

Cupfuls

%4

Via

J4

Vi

12

40.0042

i.23

Liquid

pints

V128 M>o %2He%

12

0.0021

2.11

Liquid quarts

%S6

M02

%2

10.0011

1.06

Milliliters'

3.7

i.9 15

SO

59 118

287

U7S

91,6X 1000

0.001, 0.005

0.015

0.030

0.059

0.118

0.237

0.1,73

0.91,6 Viooo 1

Equals

Equals

Equals

ful Equals

Equals

Equals

ful) Equals

Equals

Equals

Equals

Equals

1 fluid dram

1 teaspoonful

1 tablespoon1 fluid ounce

54 cupful

1 gill ( M cup1 cupful

1 liquid pint

1 liquid quart

1 milliliter*

1 liter

•i'or all household | iillUiter may be considered as equal to 1 cubic centimeter.

reel to the number of significant figures shown ; all others are exact values. APPROXIMATE WEIGHTS OF SOME COMMODITIES IN AVOIRDUPOIS OUNCES PER CUP

Beans (dry) _ 6%

Butter, margarine, cooking oils 8

Citrus fruit juice (fresh) 8V2 Cornflakes- _ 1 Corn meal 5 Eggs (whole) ~"

gyz Flour (wheat, all-purpose, sifted)... 4

Flour (cake, sifted) . 3V2 Milk (whole, fluid) 8

1/- Milk (dry) „ 4%

Oatmeal 3 Pancake mix " 5 Prunes (dried) 5V>

Raisins (seedless) 5 Rice _ _ 7 Shortening (vegetable) 7 Sugar (brown, moist, firmly packed).. 7 Ms Sugar (granulated) 7 Water 8%

The foregoing weights are approximate only, and should not be used for determining whether or not correct weight is received when commodities are bought. RULES FOR COMPUTING CIRCUMFERENCE, AREAS, AND VOLUMES

Circumference of circle: 3.1416 x diameter. Area of circle: 0.7854 x diameter x diameter Area of rectangle: Length x width. Capacity of rectangular bin: Length x width x depth.

Volume of cylinder: 0.7854 x diameter x diameter x height. Approximate capacity of container having sloping sides: Vertical height x one-half the sum of top area and bottom

area.

• Kor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25. D.C.

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AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT

_/ 16

I 437(4

-f 16 "17000

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES TABLES

(Including eome metric equivalents, to second decimal place) TROY WEIGHT

(Used for precious metals)

eight = 24 grains

t 20 pennyweights)

480 grains J —

ton = 2000

1 long or = 2240

gross ton Note. The "grain"

grains/ pounds

pounds=

pounds^

i the sam,

=1 12 \5760 grain

rdupois, troy, and apothecaries weight.

31.10 grams

=373.24 grams

APOTHECARIES WEIGHT = 20 grains

1 pound =i

= 31.10 grams

=373.24 grams

1 foot

1 yard

1 rod

LINEAR MEASURE

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

12 inches = 30.48 centimeters

3 feet = 0.91 meter

/ 5Vj yards 16% feet

; 320

1760

in,],: -ir.0:i.:M meters

(1 furlonK=',6 statute mile).

(1 international nautiral mile=1852 meters—

6076.11549 feet). (The "knot" is a unit of speed, equal to 1 nautical mile per hour).

1 square foot=

1 square yard=

1 square rod =

AREA MEASURE

= 144 square inches

= 9 square feet 30^4 square yards

[ 160 square rods 1 =< 4840 square yards f= 0.40

( 43560 square feet I hectare 640 acres =259.00

hectares

= 1 mile square

1 cubic foot

1 cubic yard

CUBIC MEASURE

= 1728 cubic inches=S 8.32 cubic deci- meters

0.76 cubic meter

1 fluid

1 giU

1 pint

1 quart

1 gallon

LIQUID MEASURE

8 fluid drams

4 fluid ounces

4 gills 16 fluid ounces

32 fluid

8 ounces

4 quarts

231 cubic inches

29. 57 i

73.16 milliliters

0.95 liter

3.79 liters

DRY MEASURE

2 pints

8 quarts

4 pecks 1 2160.42 cubic inches / =3.52 dekaliters

MISCELLANEOUS EQUIVALENTS

(To second decimal place)

1 bushel, U.S.

1 cord (firewood)

* cubic foot

1 furlong

1 fathom

r 2150.42 cubic inches

l 1.24 cubic feet 200 milligrams

Vj4 Part

128 cubic feet

r 7.48 gallons

I 0.80 bushel

f 220 yards

, British Impe:

, U.S.

mnce, British

.unco, U.S.

1.20 gallons, U.S.

160 fluid ounces,

British

0.13 cubic foot

0.83 gallon, British Imperial

4 inches

0.96 fluid ounce, U.S.

1.04 fluid ouncca,

British

1 pound, troy or apothe1 quart, dry, U.S.

1 quart, liquid, U.S.

1 quart, British

1.22 pounds, troy or apothecaries

0.82 pound

avoirdupois

67.20 cubic inches

1.16 quarts, liquid, U.S.

57.75 csbic inches

0.83 quart, British

1.20 qunrta, liquid, U.S.

METRIC

The principal units of the metric system are the meter, which

is the unit of length, the gram, which is the unit of mass

(weight), and the liter, which is the unit of capacity. (There is also a unit of area, the are, which is equal to 100 square meters.) Other units in the metric system are the decimal subdivisions and multiples of the basic units, named by combining the proper

prefix with the name of the basic unit to form selfdefining terms. The recognized prefixes are "milli-," meaning the one-thousandth

part; "centi-," meaning the one-hundredth part; "deci-," meaning the one-tenth part; "deka-," meaning ten times; "hecto-,"

SYSTEM

meaning one hundred times; and "kilo-," meaning one thousand

times. Not all of these prefixes are in general use; those most commonly employed are "centi-," "milli-," and "kilo-." Thus, for example, "milliliter" means the one-thousandth part of a liter, "centimeter" means the one-hundredth part of a meter, and "kilo- gram" means 1000 grams. A very small metric weight subdivision frequently used is the microgram, equal to 1 thousandth of a milligram. In formulas

for pharmaceuticals, the abbreviation "meg" is often used for microgram; in scientific work the recognized abbreviation is ngCENTIMETERS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 INCHES

1 meter

1 kilometer

LENGTH = 0.04 inch = 0.39 inch (= 89.37 inches l<= 1.09 yards = 0.62 statute i

METRIC—U.S. EQUIVALENTS

(To second decimal place) CAPACITY

centimeter <= 0.27 fluid dram = 1.06 liquid quarts

1 metric ton

WEIGHT

<= 0.04 ounce avoi = 2.20 pounds avi (=1000 kilograms {=2204.62 pounds av< 1= 1. 10 tons [OVER]