### §624. Limitation on imports; authority of President

(a) Whenever the Secretary of Agriculture has reason to believe that any article or articles are being or are practically certain to be imported into the United States under such conditions and in such quantities as to render or tend to render ineffective, or materially interfere with, any program or operation undertaken under this chapter or the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended [16 U.S.C. 590a et seq.], or section 612c of this title, or any loan, purchase, or other program or operation undertaken by the Department of Agriculture, or any agency operating under its direction, with respect to any agricultural commodity or product thereof, or to reduce substantially the amount of any product processed in the United States from any agricultural commodity or product thereof with respect to which any such program or operation is being undertaken, he shall so advise the President, and, if the President agrees that there is reason for such belief, the President shall cause an immediate investigation to be made by the United States International Trade Commission, which shall give precedence to investigations under this section to determine such facts. Such investigation shall be made after due notice and opportunity for hearing to interested parties, and shall be conducted subject to such regulations as the President shall specify.

(b) If, on the basis of such investigation and report to him of findings and recommendations made in connection therewith, the President finds the existence of such facts, he shall by proclamation impose such fees not in excess of 50 per centum ad valorem or such quantitative limitations on any article or articles which may be entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption as he finds and declares shown by such investigation to be necessary in order that the entry of such article or articles will not render or tend to render ineffective, or materially interfere with, any program or operation referred to in subsection (a) of this section, or reduce substantially the amount of any product processed in the United States from any such agricultural commodity or product thereof with respect to which any such program or operation is being undertaken: Provided, That no proclamation under this section shall impose any limitation on the total quantity of any article or articles which may be entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption which reduces such permissible total quantity to proportionately less than 50 per centum of the total quantity of such article or articles which was entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption during a representative period as determined by the President: And provided further, That in designating any article or articles, the President may describe them by physical qualities, value, use, or upon such other bases as he shall determine.

In any case where the Secretary of Agriculture determines and reports to the President with regard to any article or articles that a condition exists requiring emergency treatment, the President may take immediate action under this section without awaiting the recommendations of the International Trade Commission, such action to continue in effect pending the report and recommendations of the International Trade Commission and action thereon by the President.

(c) The fees and limitations imposed by the President by proclamation under this section and any revocation, suspension, or modification thereof, shall become effective on such date as shall be therein specified, and such fees shall be treated for administrative purposes and for the purposes of section 612c of this title, as duties imposed by the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1202 et seq.], but such fees shall not be considered as duties for the purpose of granting any preferential concession under any international obligation of the United States.

(d) After investigation, report, finding, and declaration in the manner provided in the case of a proclamation issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, any proclamation or provision of such proclamation may be suspended or terminated by the President whenever he finds and proclaims that the circumstances requiring the proclamation or provision thereof no longer exist or may be modified by the President whenever he finds and proclaims that changed circumstances require such modification to carry out the purposes of this section.

(e) Any decision of the President as to facts under this section shall be final.

(f) No quantitative limitation or fee shall be imposed under this section with respect to any article that is the product of a WTO member (as defined in section 3501(10) of title 19).

(May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §22, as added Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §31, 49 Stat. 773; amended Feb. 29, 1936, ch. 104, §5, 49 Stat. 1152; June 3, 1937, ch. 296, §1, 50 Stat. 246; Jan. 25, 1940, ch. 13, 54 Stat. 17; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §3, 62 Stat. 1248; June 28, 1950, ch. 381, §3, 64 Stat. 261; June 16, 1951, ch. 141, §8(b), 65 Stat. 75; Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 348, title I, §104, 67 Stat. 472; Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §171(b), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2009; Pub. L. 100–449, title III, §301(c), Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1868; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §401(a)(1), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4957.)

#### Amendment of Section

For termination of amendment by section 501(c) of Pub. L. 100–449, see Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note below.

#### **Editorial Notes**

#### References in Text

The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Apr. 27, 1935, ch. 85, 49 Stat. 163, which is classified generally to chapter 3B (§590a et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 590q of Title 16 and Tables.

The Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsec. (c), is act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, 46 Stat. 590, which is classified generally to chapter 4 (§1202 et seq.) of Title 19, Customs Duties. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1654 of Title 19 and Tables.

#### Codification

Another section 22 of act May 12, 1933, amended section 781 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

#### Constitutionality

Unconstitutionality of processing and floor stock taxes, see note set out under section 616 of this title.

#### Amendments

1994—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–465 amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: "No trade agreement or other international agreement heretofore or hereafter entered into by the United States shall be applied in a manner inconsistent with the requirements of this section; except that the President may, pursuant to articles 705.5 and 707 of the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement, exempt products of Canada from any import restriction imposed under this section."

1988—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–449 temporarily inserted before period at end "; except that the President may, pursuant to articles 705.5 and 707 of the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement, exempt products of Canada from any import restriction imposed under this section". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note below.

1975—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 93–618 substituted "United States International Trade Commission" for "United States Tariff Commission".

1953—Subsec. (b) amended by subsec. (c) of section 8 of act June 16, 1951, as added to section 8 by act Aug. 7, 1953, which added second paragraph to subsec. (b).

1951—Subsec. (f). Act June 16, 1951, amended subsec. (f) generally to provide that no trade agreement concessions can be construed to interfere with the operation of agricultural programs.

1950—Subsec. (a). Act June 28, 1950, placed upon the Secretary of Agriculture the responsibility of notifying the President whenever the Secretary believes or has reason to believe that any article or articles are being or practically certain to be brought into this country so as to render, or tend to render ineffective or materially interfere with programs undertaken under this chapter.

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Act June 28, 1950, reenacted subsecs. (b) to (e) without change.

Subsec. (f). Act June 28, 1950, made certain that future international agreements or amendments to existing agreements give effect to this section within the framework of the general agreements on tariffs and trade.

1948—Act July 3, 1948, amended section generally to extend authority of this section to agriculture products as well as commodities; to extend such authority to cover articles the import of which affects any loan, purchase, or other Departmental operation or program; to make quantitative limitation restrictions applicable to the total quantity of an article imported during a representative period as determined by the President, rather than to each country's average annual quantity of the article imported during the period from Jan. 1, 1929, to Dec. 31, 1933, as formerly provided; to give the President a specific grant of authority to describe designated articles by physical qualities, value, use, or upon such bases as he determines; to clarify definition respecting authorized fees, which formerly were considered duties for some purposes, so that they no longer shall be considered as duties for the purpose of granting any preferential concession under any international obligation of the United States; and, to prohibit the enforcement of a proclamation under this section which would be in contravention to any treaty or international agreement to which the United States is a part.

1940—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Act Jan. 25, 1940, amended subsecs. (a) to (c) generally.

1936—Act Feb. 29, 1936, inserted "or the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended" after "this chapter" wherever appearing, and substituted "any" for "an adjustment" wherever appearing.

#### **Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries**

#### Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §401(a)(2), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4957, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States [Jan. 1, 1995], except that with respect to wheat, that amendment shall take effect on the later of such date or September 12, 1995."

#### Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–449 effective on the date the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement enters into force (Jan. 1, 1989), and to cease to have effect on the date the Agreement ceases to be in force, see section 501(a), (c), of Pub. L. 100–449, set out in a note under section 2112 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

#### Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §6, 62 Stat. 1250, provided that: "This title [amending this section and section 590h of Title 16, Conservation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1282 and 1312 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 713a–8 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] shall take effect on January 1, 1949, except that sections 3 and 4 [amending this section and section 590h of Title 16] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [July 3, 1948]."

#### Validity of Section Affirmed

Act June 3, 1937, affirmed and validated, and reenacted without change the provisions of this section. See note set out under section 601 of this title.

#### Report to Congress on Termination or Suspension of Quantitative Limitations or Fees

Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1554, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3697, directed Secretary of Agriculture to report to Congress before effective date of suspension or termination of any quantitative limitations or fees in effect under 7 U.S.C. 624 on consequences of lifting of limitations or fees, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §281(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 980.

#### Interference With Tobacco Price Support Program

Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4609, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1411, provided that it was the sense of Congress that the amounts of assessments collected under the no-net-cost tobacco program could be an indicator of import injury and material interference with the tobacco price support program and, for purposes of any investigation conducted under subsec. (a) of this section, with respect to tobacco or articles containing tobacco imported into the United States, the International Trade Commission would take into account, as if they were costs to the Federal government, contributions and assessments imposed under former sections 1445–1 and 1445–2 of this title in determining whether such imported tobacco or articles containing tobacco had materially interfered with the tobacco price support program.

#### Dairy Import Study by Secretary of Agriculture; Report to Congress by Jan. 1, 1975

Pub. L. 91–524, title II, §205, as added Pub. L. 93–86, §1(6), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 223; amended Pub. L. 93–125, §1(a)(i), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450, authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to determine the effect upon domestic dairy producers, handlers, and processors and upon consumers of increases in the level of imports, if any, of dairy products and report his findings, together with any recommendations he may have with respect to import quotas or other matters, to the Congress of the United States no later than Jan. 1, 1975, defined dairy products as including (1) all forms of milk and dairy products, butterfat, milk solids-not-fat, and any combination or mixture thereof; (2) any article, compound, or mixture containing 5 per centum or more of butterfat, or milk solids-not-fat, or any combinations of the two; and (3) lactose, and other derivatives of milk, butterfat, or milk solids-not-fat, if imported commercially for any food use, and excluded from the definition of dairy products (1) casein, caseinates, industrial casein, industrial caseinates, or any other industrial products, not to be used in any form for any food use, or an ingredient of food; or (2) articles not normally considered to be dairy products, such as candy, bakery goods, and other similar articles.

#### **Executive Documents**

#### Proc. No. 3178. Quota on Butter Substitutes

Proc. No. 3178, Apr. 17, 1957, 22 F.R. 2701, provided:

WHEREAS, pursuant to section 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, as amended (7 U.S.C. 624), the Secretary of Agriculture advised me that there was reason to believe that butter substitutes, including butter oil, containing 45 per centum or more of butterfat, which are dutiable under paragraph 709 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, are practically certain to be imported into the United States under such conditions and in such quantities as to render or tend to render ineffective, or materially interfere with, the price-support program undertaken by the Department of Agriculture with respect to milk and butterfat, or to reduce substantially the amount of products processed in the United States from domestic milk and butterfat with respect to which such program of the Department of Agriculture is being undertaken; and

WHEREAS on November 17, 1956, under the authority of the said section 22, I caused the United States Tariff Commission [now the United States International Trade Commission] to make an investigation with respect to this matter; and

WHEREAS, in accordance with the said section 22, as implemented by Executive Order No. 7233 of November 23, 1935, the said Tariff Commission has made such investigation and has reported to me its findings and recommendations made in connection therewith; and

WHEREAS, on the basis of the said investigation and report of the Tariff Commission, I find that butter substitutes, including butter oil, containing 45 per centum or more of butterfat and classifiable under paragraph 709 of the Tariff Act of 1930 are practically certain to be imported into the United States under such conditions and in such quantities as to materially interfere with the said price-support program with respect to milk and butterfat, and to reduce substantially the amount of products processed in the United States from domestic milk and butterfat with respect to which said price-support program is being undertaken; and

WHEREAS I find and declare that the imposition of the quantitative limitations hereinafter proclaimed is shown by such investigation of the said Tariff Commission to be necessary in order that the entry, or withdrawal from warehouse, for consumption of such butter substitutes, including butter oil, will not materially interfere with the said price-support program or reduce substantially the amount of products processed in the United States from domestic milk and butterfat with respect to which the said price-support program is being undertaken:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, President of the United States of America, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the said section 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act [this section], do hereby proclaim that the total aggregate quantity of butter substitutes, including butter oil, containing 45 per centum or more of butterfat and classifiable under paragraph 709 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, which shall be permitted to be entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption during the calendar year 1958 and each subsequent calendar year shall not exceed 1,200,000 pounds. The specified quantities of the named articles which may be entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption are not proportionately less than 50 per centum of the total quantities of such articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption during the representative period from January 1, 1956, to December 31, 1956, inclusive.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this fifteenth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and fifty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eighty-first.

[seal]

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

#### Proclamation No. 3306

Proc. No. 3306, Aug. 7, 1959, 24 F.R. 6407, which provided for quotas on imports of rye, rye flour, and rye meal terminated on June 30, 1961.

#### Proclamation No. 3378

Proc. No. 3378, Oct. 31, 1960, 25 F.R. 10449, relating to quotas on imports of tung oil and tung nuts, was terminated by Proc. No. 3471, May 2, 1962, 27 F.R. 4271.

#### Proc. No. 3428. Import Restrictions on Certain Cotton Products

Proc. No. 3428, Sept. 11, 1961, 26 F.R. 8535, provided:

WHEREAS, pursuant to section 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, as amended (7 U.S.C. 624), the Secretary of Agriculture advised the President that he had reason to believe that certain cotton products produced in any stage preceding the spinning into yarn are being or are practically certain to be imported into the United States under such conditions and in such quantities as to render or tend to render ineffective, or materially interfere with, the price-support program and other programs or operations undertaken by the Department of Agriculture with respect to cotton or products thereof, or to reduce substantially the amount of cotton processed in the United States from cotton or products thereof with respect to which any such program or operation is being undertaken; and

WHEREAS, on January 18, 1961, under the authority of the said section 22, the President requested the United States Tariff Commission [now the United States International Trade Commission] to make an investigation with respect to this matter; and

WHEREAS, in accordance with the said section 22, as implemented by Executive Order No. 7233 of November 23, 1935, the Tariff Commission has made such investigation and has reported to me its findings and recommendations made in connection therewith; and

WHEREAS, on the basis of the investigation and report of the Tariff Commission, I find that the articles with respect to which import restrictions are hereinafter proclaimed are being or are practically certain to be imported into the United States under such conditions and in such quantities as to render or tend to render ineffective, or materially interfere with, the price-support program and other programs or operations undertaken by the Department of Agriculture with respect to cotton or products thereof; and

WHEREAS I find and declare that the important restrictions hereinafter proclaimed are shown by such investigation of the Tariff Commission to be necessary in order that the entry, or withdrawal from warehouse, for consumption of the said articles will not render or tend to render ineffective, or materially interfere with, the price-support program and other programs or operations undertaken by the Department of Agriculture with respect to cotton or products thereof;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOHN F. KENNEDY, President of the United States of America, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 22 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, as amended, do hereby proclaim that the total aggregate quantity of cotton products produced in any stage preceding the spinning into yarn, except cotton wastes, which may be entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption in any 12-month period, beginning September 11 in 1961 and in subsequent years shall not exceed 1,000 pounds, which permissible total quantity I find and declare to be proportionately not less than 50 per centum of the total quantity of such articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption during the representative period from January 1, 1940, to December 31, 1953, inclusive.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this 11th day of September in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-one, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eighty-sixth.

[seal]

John F. Kennedy.