Department of Education

HOWARD UNIVERSITY

Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request

CONTENTS

Page

Appropriations Language ........................................................................................................U-1

Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes.......................................................................U-2

Appropriation, Adjustments and Transfers ..............................................................................U-3

Authorizing Legislation............................................................................................................U-4

Appropriations History.............................................................................................................U-5

Howard University ..........................................................................................................U-6
HOWARD UNIVERSITY

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Appropriations Language

For partial support of Howard University, $221,821,000, of which not less than $3,405,000 

shall be for a matching endowment grant pursuant to the Howard University Endowment Act 

and shall remain available until expended.1(Department of Education Appropriations Act, 2014.)

NOTE

Each language provision that is followed by a footnote reference is explained in the Analysis of Language 

Provisions and Changes document, which follows the appropriation language.
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Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes

Language Provision Explanation

1 ... of which not less than $3,405,000 shall 

be for a matching endowment grant pursuant 

to the Howard University Endowment Act and 

shall remain available until expended.

This language establishes a minimum 

funding level for the endowment program. 

Endowment funds would remain available for 

obligation until expended.
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Appropriation, Adjustments and Transfers

(dollars in thousands)

Appropriation/Adjustments/Transfers 2013 2014 2015

Discretionary:

Discretionar y budget authority: Appropriation ........................................................... $234,064 $221,821 $221,821

Discretionar y budget authority: Across-the-board reduction (P.L. 113-6) .................. -468 0 0

Discretionar y budget authority: Total, discretionary appropriation ....................... 233,596 0 0

: Sequester (P.L.112-25) .......................................... -11,775 0 0

Discretionar y budget authority: Total, adjusted discretionary appropriation.......... 221,821 221,821 221,821
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Authorizing Legislation

(dollars in thousands)

Activity

2014

Authorized

Footnotefootnote

2014

Estimate

Footnote

2015

Authorized

Footnote

2015

Request

Footnote

General support (20 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) Indefinite $194,496

1

Indefinite $194,496

Endowment program (P.L. 98-480) 2 3 2 3

Howard University Hospital (20 U.S.C. 128) Indefinite 27,325 Indefinite 27,325

Total definite authorization 0 0

Total appropriation 221,821 221,821

1

The University has discretion to allocate funds for activities authorized under the general statute for Howard University.

2

Title II of P.L. 98-480, the Howard University Endowment Act, authorized $2,000 thousand in fiscal year 1985 to establish an endowment program. 

Subsequent year appropriations language has authorized minimum funding levels for the endowment program under the terms and conditions of the Act.

3

For fiscal year 2014, the University must allocate at least $3,405 thousand for the endowment program. For fiscal year 2015, the Administration requests 

that $3,405 thousand be allocated to the endowment program.

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Appropriations History

(dollars in thousands)

Year

Budget 

Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance Footnote

Senate 

Allowance Footnote Appropriation

2006 238,780 240,790 238,789 237,392

2007 237,392 N/A1 N/A 1233,866

2008 233,866 237,392 237,392 233,245

2009 233,245 236,709 2233,244 2234,977

2010 234,977 234,977 234,977 3234,977

2011 234,977 234,977 4234,977 3234,507 5

2012 234,507 234,507 6234,507 6234,064

2013 234,064 234,064 7234,064 7221,821

2014 234,064 N/A8234,064 3221,821

2015 221,821

 

1

This account operated under a full-year continuing resolution (P.L. 110-5). House and Senate allowances are 

shown as N/A (Not Available) because neither body passed a separate appropriations bill.

2

The levels for the House and Senate allowances reflect action on the regular annual 2009 appropriations bill, 

which proceeded in the 110th Congress only through the House Subcommittee and the Senate Committee.

3

The level for the Senate allowance reflects Committee action only.

4

The level for the House allowance reflects the House-passed full-year continuing resolution.

5

The level for appropriation reflects the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 

(P.L. 112-10).

6

The level for the House allowance reflects an introduced bill and the level for the Senate allowance reflects 

Senate Committee action only.

7

The levels for the House and Senate allowances reflect action on the regular annual 2013 appropriations bill, 

which proceeded in the 112th Congress only through the House Subcommittee and the Senate Committee.

8

The House allowance is shown as N/A because there was no Subcommittee action.
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Howard University

(20 U.S.C. 121, et seq.)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2015 Authorization: Indefinite

2014 2015

Footnote

Change

General Support $194,496 1$194,496

1

0

Howard University Hospital 27,325 27,325 0

Total 221,821 221,821 0

 

1

The University has discretion to allocate funds for activities authorized under the general statute for Howard 

University. However, the 2014 appropriation required the University to allocate at least $3,405 thousand for the 

endowment program. The Administration proposes the same language for 2015.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Howard University was established in 1867 as a federally chartered, private, nonprofit 

educational institution. As a comprehensive, research-oriented, predominantly AfricanAmerican university, its mission is to provide a high-quality educational experience at 

reasonable cost. The annual appropriation for Howard University provides partial support for 

construction, development, improvement, endowment, and maintenance of the University and 

Howard University Hospital. Howard University has discretion in allocating funds for its 

academic, research, and endowment programs, and for construction activities. 

Academic Programs—Howard University currently has approximately 10,290 students, of 

whom 6,970 are undergraduate students, 1,905 are graduate students, and 1,415 are enrolled 

in professional degree programs. The University offers 27 bachelor, 18 masters, 3 doctoral, and 

5 professional degrees, as well as 5 professional certifications and 5 dual degrees, in 

approximately 181 fields of study. There are 12 academic schools and colleges including: Arts 

and Sciences; Business; Communications; Dentistry; Divinity; Education; Engineering, 

Architecture and Computer Sciences; Graduate School; Law; Medicine; Pharmacy, Nursing and 

Allied Health Sciences; and Social Work.

To support these academic programs, the University provides a wide range of administrative, 

library, computer, and technology resources. As part of Howard University’s mission to provide 

disadvantaged students with a quality education at a reasonable cost, Howard’s tuition, which 

was held constant with the 2012-2013 tuition rate at $22,883 for an entering undergraduate 

student in academic year 2013-2014, is well below that of nearby private schools. In 
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comparison, the tuition for an entering undergraduate student at George Washington University 

is $47,290 and at Georgetown University is $44,280.

Research Programs—The University’s research programs provide support for doctoral and 

post-doctoral research in scientific disciplines, pilot studies by interdisciplinary faculty teams, 

and the purchase of laboratory equipment. In addition, they provide new faculty with start-up 

research funding and offer bridge support for externally funded research programs. 

Endowment Program—Howard University's endowment program is designed to assist the 

University in increasing its financial strength and independence by stimulating private 

contributions. To receive Federal endowment funds, the University must provide a one-for-one 

match through non-Federal contributions to the endowment. Through low-risk investments, the 

endowment fund continues to grow by generating income that may be used to pay University 

expenses. However, Howard University may withdraw no more than 50 percent of the yearly 

income, except in the case of a financial emergency or another unusual occurrence.

Construction—Howard University has discretion in allocating funds for capital construction and 

renovation of University buildings to maintain and improve the University’s ability to provide 

high-quality postsecondary education and research opportunities. The major construction 

projects currently underway include the Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Center, which 

will include new facilities for biomedicine, computational sciences, and engineering.

Howard University’s Allocation of Resources for 2013 (dollars in thousands)

Program Category

Funding Source Total 

Expenditures Federal 

Appropriation1

Tuition and 

Fees

Other 

Revenues

Academic Instruction $77,062 $117,541 $27,377 $203,2182

Divinity School 0 1,592 0 2,6742

Research 0 0 35,285 35,285

Chapel 0 0 350 1,1432

Public Service 5,963 0 0 7,0462

Academic Support 35,969 0 4,620 40,589

Student Services 26,970 0 184 27,154

Institutional Support 78,388 43,358 19,654 141,400

Patient Care 0 0 280,030 302,7722

Auxiliary Enterprises 0 0 73,148 73,148

Depreciation Expense 3,926 0 0 3,9263

Debt Service - Interest 1,961 0 0 1,9613

 

1

In addition to the funds shown above, Congress appropriated $3.4 million in fiscal year 2013 for the Howard 

University Endowment program, which the University matched.

2

Resources in excess of total expenditures constitute an operating surplus, while total expenditures in excess of 

resources constitute an operating deficit.

3 Howard assigns costs associated with depreciation expenses and interest on debt service to each program based 

on a square footage calculation. In general, these costs are paid for using non-Federal appropriation funds. The 

Federal appropriation only supports depreciation expenses and interest on debt service when a program’s other 

funding sources are insufficient to cover the costs.
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Howard University Hospital—Howard University Hospital was established in 1862 as 

Freedmen’s Hospital and was incorporated into Howard University by Congress in 

1962. Today, Howard University Hospital serves as a major acute and ambulatory care center 

for the inner city of Washington, DC, receiving over 10,800 admissions and 59,000 emergency 

room visits annually. Hospital operations are financed through a combination of Federal funds, 

hospitalization insurance and Medicare payments, and contractual agreements for patient care 

services with the Washington, DC, government, and other local jurisdictions. The Hospital is 

also a major teaching and training facility for nurses, paramedics, and physicians, providing 

training for approximately 450 medical school students and 370 dentistry students 

annually. The price of Howard’s medical school 2013-2014 tuition and fees is $47,104 for firstyear students. In comparison, the George Washington University School of Medicine charges 

$52,742 and the Georgetown University School of Medicine charges $52,685. The affordability 

of the School of Medicine at Howard University also compares favorably with local public 

schools; for example, the tuition and fees for the University of Virginia School of Medicine are 

$46,386 for Virginia residents and $56,848 for non-residents.

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2010 ................................................................................. $234,977

2011 ................................................................................... 234,507

2012 ................................................................................... 234,064

2013 ................................................................................... 221,821

2014 ................................................................................... 221,821

FY 2015 BUDGET REQUEST

The Department requests $221.8 million for Howard University in fiscal year 2015, the same as 

the 2014 appropriation. Federal funds, which provided approximately 38 percent of Howard 

University’s operating costs in fiscal year 2013, are needed for the University to maintain its 

current level of educational services and for the Hospital to continue offering healthcare 

services. This request supports the Administration’s goals to increase institutional quality and 

student completion rates. As a congressionally chartered Historically Black College or 

University serving students from throughout the Nation, Howard University plays an important 

role in providing disadvantaged individuals, particularly African Americans, with access to a 

high-quality postsecondary education. 

Of the amount requested, $194.5 million would be allocated under General Support to the 

University. General Support includes Howard University’s academic programs, research 

programs, endowment program, and construction. The Department’s request also includes 

$27.3 million for the Howard University Hospital. Federal support for the Hospital enables it to 

provide medical, dental, and other health-related education, research, training, and service 

opportunities for students. From the appropriation, $3.4 million would be earmarked to continue 

building Howard University’s endowment. The University would be required to increase the 

endowment by at least an equal amount. The Department believes that earmarking a minimum 

dollar level to be allocated for the endowment will continue to encourage the University to 

increase its financial strength and independence from Federal support. 
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PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES (dollars in thousands)

Measures 2013

otnotesFo

2014

Fo

2015

Fo

Student population by enrollment:

Number of full-time undergraduate students 6,054 6,495 6,550

Number of full-time graduate students 2,764 2,628 2,650

Total number of full-time students 8,818 9,123 9,200

Total number of undergraduate students 7,024 6,974 7,000

Total number of graduate students 3,470 3,323 3,350

Total number of students 10,494 10,297 10,350

Student population by race:

Number of Black U.S. undergraduate students 6,501 6,389 6,400

Number of other U.S. undergraduate students 342 392 395

Number of foreign undergraduate students 181 203 205

Number of Black U.S. graduate students 2,598 2,438 2,450

Number of other U.S. graduate students 571 578 590

Number of foreign graduate students 301 301 310

Student population by family income:

Number of undergraduates with family income of 

less than $40,000

2,756 2,609 2,470

Number of graduate students with family income 

of less than $40,000

1,464 1,164 926

Undergraduate student financial aid:

Number of U.S. students receiving Federal aid 6,477 6,122 5,766

Average amount of aid $12,687 $10,337 $8,423

Number of U.S. students receiving non-Fed’l aid 4,662 3,708 2,950

Average amount of aid $9,098 $10,551 $12,236

Num. of foreign students receiving non-Fed’l aid 195 160 132

Average amount of aid $10,561 $10,966 $11,386

Graduate student financial aid:

Number of U.S. students receiving Federal aid 2,200 2,150 2,101

Average amount of aid $27,019 $27,019 $27,019

Number of U.S. students receiving non-Fed’l aid 911 570 356

Average amount of aid $12,640 $14,909 $17,586

Num. of foreign students receiving non-Fed’l aid 215 203 191

Average amount of aid $19,658 $27,986 $39,843

_____________________________

NOTE: All data have been provided by Howard University. The data reflect activity during the University's 

academic year, which runs from July 1 to June 30. 
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PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES (dollars in thousands)

Measures 2013

Fo

2014

Fo

2015

Fo

Degrees awarded by type and race:

Baccalaureates awarded to Black U.S. students 1,137 1,150 1,160

Baccalaureates awarded to other U.S. students 37 35 40

Baccalaureates awarded to foreign students 51 50 50

Total number of Baccalaureates awarded 1,225 1,235 1,250

Degrees awarded by type and race:

Ph.D.s awarded to Black U.S. students 79 80 81

Ph.D.s awarded to other U.S. students 6 5 6

Ph.D.s awarded to foreign students 11 12 12

Total number of Ph.D.s awarded 96 97 99

Faculty and staff:

Number of paid faculty 1,260 1,200 1,200

Number of faculty serving without compensation 120 120 120

Total number of faculty 1,380 1,320 1,320

Total number of staff 2,147 1,850 1,850

Median faculty salaries by academic status:

Professor $107,800 $107,800 $107,800

Associate Professor $81,300 $81,300 $81,300

Assistant Professor $70,500 $70,500 $70,500

Instructor $56,000 $56,000 $56,000

Construction:

Total construction expenditures $58,939 $110,000 $70,000

Endowment program:

Federal appropriation $3,405 $3,405 $3,405

Match funds raised by University $3,405 $3,405 $3,405

Total new contributions $6,810 $6,810 $6,810

Market value of total University endowment $510,263 $530,000 $553,000

Endowment investment income $10,500 $11,000 $11,500

Investment income as percent of endowment 2.1% 2.1% 2.1%

_____________________________

NOTE: All data have been provided by Howard University. The data reflect activity during the University's academic 

year, which runs from July 1 to June 30
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PROGRAM OUTPUT MEASURES (dollars in thousands)

Measures 2013 2014

Fo

2015

Fo

Howard University General Support:

Federal appropriation $194,496 $194,496 $194,496

Other Federal funding 49,905 50,000 51,000

Total Federal funding 244,401 244,496 245,496

Restricted non-Federal revenue $16,923 $16,000 $17,000

Revenue from tuition and fees 247,129 257,000 260,000

Other non-Federal revenue 126,826 128,000 130,000

Total non-Federal revenue 390,879 401,000 407,000

Total University revenue $635,280 $645,496 $652,496

Total University expenditures $615,437 $615,606 $616,000

Federal funding as percentage of total revenue 38.4% 37.9% 37.6%

Tuition and fees as percentage of total revenue 38.3% 39.8% 40.2%

Howard University Hospital:

Federal appropriation $27,325 1$27,325 $27,325 1

Other Federal funding 64,514 62,009 63,000

Total Federal funding 91,739 89,334 90,325

Unrestricted non-Federal revenue (DC gov’t) $81,841 $78,890 $80,000

Revenue from patient services 34,944 34,439 34,500

Other non-Federal revenue 73,862 74,299 74,500

Total non-Federal revenue 190,647 187,628 189,000

Total Hospital revenue $282,396 $276,962 $279,325

Total Hospital expenditures $303,561 $277,394 $280,000

Federal appropriation as percent of total revenue 9.6% 9.9% 9.8%

 

NOTE: All data have been provided by Howard University. The data reflect activity during the University's 

academic year, which runs from July 1 to June 30.

1

Amounts shown include 25 percent of prior-year and 75 percent of current-year appropriations to correspond 

with the University’s academic year.
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PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

Performance Measures

This section presents program performance information, including, for example, GPRA goals, 

objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of the progress 

made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based on the 

cumulative effect of the resources provided in previous years and those requested in fiscal year 

2015 and future years, as well as the resources and efforts invested by those served by this 

program.

Goal: To assist Howard University with financial resources needed to carry out its 

educational mission.

Objective: Maintain or increase the undergraduate graduation rate.

Measure: The percentage of first-time, full-time, degree-seeking, undergraduate students who 

graduate within 6 years of enrollment.

Year Target Actual

2010 70% 68.8%

2011 70 62.5

2012 70 63.1

2013 70

2014 70

2015 70

Additional Information: This measure explicitly defines the graduation rate as completion of a 

4-year degree within 6 years of enrollment at the University. The measure uses data taken from

the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) database maintained by the 

National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) rather than directly from the University.

The long-term goal is to maintain Howard University's graduation rate at a level well above the 

national average for comparable institutions, defined as other institutions in the Consortium for 

Student Retention Data Exchange. According to the IPEDS data, in 1998, the Consortium 

average was 52 percent, while the graduation rate for Howard University was only 41 percent. 

By 2003, Howard University’s graduation rate significantly increased to 69 percent while the 

Consortium’s rate had increased only to 57 percent. Despite the fact that Howard has not met

its target for graduation, Howard’s graduation rate is considerably higher than the Consortium’s 

last publicly available graduation rate, which was 55.5 percent in 2009. Data for 2013 are 

expected to be available in spring 2014. The Department plans to work with Howard in fiscal 

year 2014 to improve this measure. In addition, the Department will be working to identify other 

sources of comparison since current Consortium data are not available.
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Objective: Maintain or increase the retention of full-time undergraduate students.

Measure: The percentage of first-time, full-time, degree-seeking, undergraduate students who 

were in their first year of postsecondary enrollment in the previous year and are enrolled in the 

current year.

Year Target Actual

2010 85% 83%

2011 86 81

2012 87 81

2013 88

2014 89

2015 90

Additional Information: The long-term goal for the persistence measure has been for Howard 

University's rate to exceed the national average for comparable institutions, defined as other 

institutions in the Consortium. Data from IPEDS, available beginning in 2003, showed that 

Howard University’s persistence rate held steady at 90 percent from 2003 to 2006, before 

dropping to 85 percent in 2007, and then further through 2012. By comparison, the 

Consortium’s average persistence rate was 77 percent in 2007, the last year for which data 

were made publicly available. Targets have been adjusted to gradually bring performance back 

up to the 90 percent level by 2015. Data for 2013 are expected to be available in spring 2014. 

In addition, the Department will be working to identify other sources of comparison since current 

Consortium data are not available.

Objective: Increase student enrollment over the long term.

Measure: The number of full-time, degree-seeking, undergraduate and graduate students 

enrolled at Howard University.

Year Target Actual

2010 9,487

2011 12,000 9,445

2012 12,000 8,941

2013 12,000

2014 12,000

2015 TBD

Additional Information: This measure utilizes data taken from NCES’ IPEDS database to 

track the enrollment of full-time students at Howard University. Enrollment at Howard increased 

steadily each year from 2003 to 2006, before dropping in 2007 and 2008. In 2009 and 2010, 

enrollment increased slightly over the prior year before dropping again in 2011. In 2012, 

enrollment declined by over 500 students, one of the largest changes in recent years. The 

target for this measure is based on Howard’s internal target of 12,000 students. Because 

enrollment has declined in recent years, the Department will consider adjusting targets for 2015 

and beyond. 
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Efficiency Measures

The efficiency measure tracks the cost of a successful outcome, where success is defined as 

graduation and Federal cost is defined as the program appropriation. This measure ties in with 

the program’s performance indicators. 

Measure: Federal cost of degrees and certificates awarded by Howard University.

Year Target Actual

2010 $88,000 $95,517

2011 88,000 89,191

2012 88,000 85,455

2013 88,000

2014 88,000

2015 88,000

Additional Information: The efficiency measure is calculated by dividing the total funds 

appropriated for Howard University in the Department of Education appropriations act (exclusive 

of hospital funding) by the number of students successfully completing degree or certificate

programs. This measure allows the Department to track program performance in terms of cost 

to the Federal Government and the efficiency of Federal funds in achieving successful 

outcomes. From 2010 to 2012, the Federal appropriation to Howard decreased, but the number 

of degrees and certificates awarded increased, resulting in major gains in efficiency.

A similar efficiency measure has been established for the higher education programs authorized 

under Titles III and V of the Higher Education Act, as well as for Gallaudet University and the 

National Technical Institute for the Deaf. This metric may enable the Department to assess 

relative program performance across institutions with similar types of missions. 

Other Performance Information

In past site visits, the Department has been concerned with the number and significance of 

findings on the Howard University A-133 audit report, and Howard’s failure to make significant 

progress in addressing these issues. Since the 2006 onsite review, Howard University has 

reported attempts to make improvements in this area. However, prior to the 2009 visit, no 

significant reductions were noted to either the number or significance of audit findings. 

During fiscal years 2010 and 2011, Howard transitioned to a new financial and executive 

leadership team. The new leadership team implemented daily control processes with an 

emphasis on accountability, transparency, service, and compliance. The previously 

decentralized sponsored program administrative function was integrated to enhance 

administrative links between grant principal investigators and financial accounting personnel. 

Prior to fiscal years 2010 and 2011, there were separate departments for pre-award and postaward accounting, led by two separate vice presidents. Now, both departments report to the 

Chief Financial Officer (CFO) through a newly created Research Administrative Services (RAS) 

function. The Offices of the Provost and Senior Vice President for Health Sciences work in 

concert with RAS under this new relationship.
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Some other improvements to the grants management functions are noted below:

 Dual Reporting: Two CFO direct reports have dual reporting roles to their respective 

operations leaders to further strengthen the integration of grant program implementation 

and financial accountability.

 Education/Training: To facilitate improved education, communication, and training, RAS 

conducts kick-off meetings with grant principal investigators for new grant awards to 

review terms and conditions and ensure project deliverables and requirements are 

understood.

 Monitoring: On a monthly basis, RAS distributes Grant Management Reports to grant 

principal investigators. Such reports include key financial progress for each award and 

highlight expenditures of regular budget line items. 

As part of the organizational restructuring, Howard linked the Office of the CFO to the Federal 

grant program through both the organizational structure and the financial reporting system. 

Under the umbrella of the organizational structure linkage, Howard implemented strategies to 

improve communication between Federal grant program management and financial 

accountability. Under the reorganization, Howard also established an office of Risk and 

Controls, which has as its primary responsibility addressing matters related to the A-133 audit 

report.

In past years, Howard management was divided into 5 portfolios that represent 50 individual 

cost centers. Previously, accounting had to be maintained for over 1,000 cost centers. Now, 

each cost center has a responsible manager, who reports to a dedicated portfolio Finance 

Leader on all financial matters. 

In addition to organizational restructuring, Howard has made some internal adjustments that 

have contributed to positive financial outcomes:

 Accounting books are closed monthly. Previously books were closed only once a 

year.

 Howard provides quarterly reports to its lenders.

 When donations are received, Howard sends letters to donors to inform them of how 

their donated funds will be used.

 A new automated effort reporting system has been implemented.

 Personnel are assigned the responsibility of overseeing the endowment funding.

The new financial team at Howard has made notable gains with regard to addressing the 

findings in Howard’s A-133 audit report. The recent audit reports contain far fewer and less 

serious findings than reports prior to 2010. The importance of continuing to address these 
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issues, including the Department’s increased attention to risk management, was reiterated to 

Howard.

Howard’s credit is rated Baa1 with a negative outlook by Moody’s Investors Service, while 

Standard & Poor’s rates Howard’s debt at A-, with a negative outlook.

In past visits, the Department has impressed upon Howard the importance of withdrawing 

Federal endowment funds in a timely manner. Howard has made improvements in this area. 

Previously, the date for withdrawing funds had been set for March 30th of the following fiscal 

year. After some discussion, that date was revised and Howard agreed to provide 

documentation of matching and to request endowment funds 30 days after the funds are 

appropriated for the fiscal year.

In light of significant leadership changes at Howard University in the fall of 2013, including the 

departure of President Ribeau, the Department has been in communication with university 

officials to ensure that these personnel changes do not disrupt the improvements made in the 

A-133 audit reports and will continue to work closely with Howard University staff to ensure 

responsible management and full compliance in regards to the Federal appropriation.