NISTIR 88-3876

An Investigation of a

User-Operated Mass

Calibration Package

Randall M. Schoonover and James E. Taylor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Institute of Standards and Technology

(Formerly National Bureau of Standards)

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Manufacturing Engineering

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

November 1988

Prepared for

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Institute of Standards and Technology

(Formerly National Bureau of Standards)

Office of Weights and Measures

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

n Vh»i >—UJtaiho hmerca* Proprvu

NISTIR 88-3876

An Investigation of a

User-Operated Mass

Calibration Package

Randall M. Schoonover and James E. Taylor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Institute of Standards and Technology

(Formerly National Bureau of Standards)

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Manufacturing Engineering

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

November 1988

National Bureau of Standards became the

National Institute of Standards and Technology

on August 23, 1988, when the Omnibus Trade and

Competitiveness Act was signed. NIST retains

all NBS functions. Its new programs will encourage

improved use of technology by U.S. industry.

Prepared for

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Institute of Standards and Technology

(Formerly National Bureau of Standards)

Office of Weights and Measures

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

C. William Verity, Secretary

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS

AND TECHNOLOGY

Ernest Ambler, Director

An Investigation of a User-Operated Mass Calibration Package

by

Randall M. Schoonover and James E. Taylor

Abstract

Reported here are the results of two round-robin mass measurement

programs. The first round-robin elucidated the many technical problems

that required solutions before successful mass calibrations could be

performed in all of the participant laboratories. This report details the

technical innovations incorporated in the second round-robin, i.e.,

thermal conditioning of the kilogram weights, balance servo control,

automatic data acquisition, the measurement of some air density

parameters, and computer software and presents the results. We believe

these results clearly indicate that properly instructed personnel could,

in the future, successfully calibrate mass standards at locations remote

from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) laboratory

while maintaining the rigor necessary for certification.

Introduction

The process of disseminating the mass unit begins when a metrologist

observes the difference between two masses by noting the force each mass

exerts on a balance beam. One of the masses is the standard and embodies

the mass unit, and the other is to be assigned a value relative to the

standard. In practice more information is required on both objects than

simply the mass of the standard. The metrologist needs additional

information that characterizes both objects and, in addition, detailed

knowledge of the entire calibration process.

In essence the work reported here is the application of knowledge gained

from planned studies of systematic errors in the mass measurement process.

Here we describe a user-operated mass calibration package whose design

builds on much of the early work. We also provide data from a ten

laboratory round-robin test of the package. We believe the test results

support the concept of a mass calibration performed by the user and

certified by the NIST.

Furthermore, we believe the concept of this package is unusual in that it

contains everything necessary to perform the calibration, insure its

correctness and issue a calibration report. In short, all the user

provides is laboratory space, a balance of appropriate capacity and

precision, and a balance operator.

Philosophy

In considering the usefulness of a user-performed mass calibration, one

could compare it to the established service where the user submits mass

standards to the NIST for calibration. Other than a purchase order no

1
other communication is necessary between the user and the NIST. In short,

the user pays a fee and the NIST provides a report of calibration. The

approach we propose offers user participation in the calibration process,

enhances communication and, according to most users leaves them with much

more than a report of calibration. In summary, they gain confidence in

the measurements they provide to their clientele as this method

disseminates techniques and experience as well as the mass unit.

Background

Beginning in the early 1960's the NIST mass group became interested in the

development of a solid object density scale. The thinking at that time

was that the material would probably have a density lower than stainless

steel and be either of single crystal in structure or a ceramic [1]. The

material eventually chosen was single crystal-silicon with a density of

2.3 grams per cubic centimeter. The choice of silicon immediately posed

many questions as our experience in high accuracy weighing was limited to

plated brass or stainless steel laboratory mass standards. There was a concern regarding the adequacy of the air density equation used for making

air buoyancy corrections. Such corrections would be unusually large when

making mass comparisons between silicon and metallic weights with

densities near 8 grams per cubic centimeter. The correction is almost

non-existent when weighing various alloys of stainless steel. There were

other concerns about weighing dissimilar materials related to surface

effects, stability, thermal and electrical conductivity, etc. Interest in

these matters was again renewed in 1975 by Pontius [2] and has continued

until present. We have summarized all of this work in a paper published

in 1986 [3], However, the individual studies can be reviewed in detail by

referring to references [2-8]. For completeness we give whatever brief

descriptions are necessary as the need arises in the text of this report.

Round-Robin Measurements

In the report of our earlier round-robin measurement [7] we suggested that

any future package should include the following:

o Portable computer with data reduction software.

o Provision for thermal conditioning of the masses.

o Calibrated instruments for measuring the air density parameters.

o Automation to reduce work load.

o A pair of calibrated kilogram mass standards.

In the work reported here we have successfully provided for all of the

above except for the one-kilogram mass standards. In addition we provided

more automation than was anticipated in 1983 when the earlier round-robin

was completed. Beyond these initial goals we also included more

laboratories at greater distances to test the equipment fragility and to

periodically check the correctness of the instrument calibrations.

2
The laboratories included in this round-robin in sequence are:

1) May 86 - The National Bureau of Standards -Gaithersburg, Maryland.

2) June 86 - State Laboratory- Sacramento , California.

3) July 86 - State Laboratory-Honolulu, Hawaii.

4) August 86 - 3M Laboratory- St . Paul, Minnesota.

5) September 86 - State Laboratory-Reno , Nevada.

6) October 86 - State Laboratory-Salt Lake City, Utah.

7) November 86 - State Laboratory- Denver , Colorado.

8) December 86 - Sandia Laboratory-Albuquerque , New Mexico.

9) May 87 - State Laboratory-Albany , New York.

10) June 87 - Mound Laboratory-Miamisburg , Ohio.

11) July 87 - The National Bureau of Standards -Gaithersburg, Maryland.

Laboratories capable of performing instrument calibration checks.

The measurements performed during this round-robin are identical to those

of the earlier work with the addition of an extra kilogram pair. The five

kilograms in the package are designated Al , S2, R2 , H2 , and TE. Although

only one kilogram was added to the package, the specified weighing

technique requires the kilograms be used in pairs; as a consequence

kilogram Al is used twice. The pairings were (A1,S2), (Al , TE) , and

(R2,H2). A brief recapitulation of the weighing scheme is given here for

the convenience of the reader. Three series of measurements are performed

in which each kilogram pair in the package is compared to the

participating laboratory's pair of kilogram mass standards by means of

substitution weighings on a single pan balance. In each series, six

pairwise comparisons are made between the four kilograms involved. The

resulting data are adjusted by the method of "least squares" and mass

values are assigned to the kilogram pair in the package. Additionally

this weighing technique yields statistical information about the weighing

process and the standards. As there are three pairs of kilograms in the

package, there must be three such groups of weighings performed by each

participant. This method of intercomparing four like objects is referred

to as a "four ones series" and is commonly used by the NIST mass

calibration service.

Balance and Balance Servo

A. Balance

3
Each participating laboratory has in its possession a single-pan, onekilogram capacity, substitution balance of adequate precision for routine

mass calibration. All of these balances are made by the same manufacturer

with some being more modern than others. However, all of them perform to

the same specifications. Unfortunately, these balances are all

mechanical and lack the electronic output signal necessary for automatic

data acquisition. The balance weighing data are observed visually and

then entered into the computer manually with the exception of the NIST

balance that has been modified as described in the next section.

B. Balance Servo

At this time there is no general-purpose, single-pan balance of 1 -kilogram

capacity, with adequate precision for this work, and with an electronic

data output. Robert D. Cutkosky, formerly of the Length and Mass

Division, graciously consented to design an electronic balance servo that

provided our balance with an electronic signal output. We assembled the

circuit and modified the balance for use with the servo, with such success

that we also installed one on the primary mass comparator here at NIST

(the Voland Balance^). Since this is an important new addition to this

project and will also be retrofitted to other balances used in the mass

calibration program we will describe it in detail.

Figure 1 is the schematic diagram of the balance servo circuit. We

believe that with modification of the feedback components this servo can

be installed on other similar balances but we have only demonstrated this

on balances with a one kilogram capacity and arm lengths of approximately

5 cm. The balance was modified to permit the mounting of an electromagnet

coil and photodetector mask to the balance beam as depicted in Fig. 2.

Other modifications were performed that allowed for the mounting of

permanent magnets, a photosensitive error detector using a pair of matched

diodes, and electric conductors connected to the coil on the beam.

In principle the servo applies a magnetic force to the balance beam that

maintains the relative position between the error detecting diodes rigidly

mounted to the balance case and the photo mask attached to the free

swinging beam. The force is generated by the circuit driving electrical

current through the coil and the moving charges react with the fields of

permanent magnets causing the desired motion of the balance beam. The

circuit provides a current that is proportional to the displacement,

velocity, and the time- integrated displacement of the beam whenever the

photo mask is off its null position. The null position is selected by

adjusting the free swinging rest point of the beam to be at the

gravitational horizon. This minimizes coupling of pan swing to the beam

[9] and also the offset current through the coil.

^Certain trade names and company products are identified in order to

adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such

identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of

Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the products are necessarily

the best available for the purpose.

4
Figure 1. Schematic of the balance servo circuit.

+ 15V 1.3M

con.

METER

5
Figure 2. Configuration of balance and added servo components.

CURRENT CARRYING
Initially the servo was tested with the balance modified to operate under

constant load using a weight changing mechanism that we installed.

Operating the balance in this configuration required other extensive

modifications that are, in principle, described in [10]. The results

indicate a significant improvement in precision, a constant sensitivity,

and a larger on-scale range. Test data indicate we could tolerate

differences four times larger than the original 100 milligrams and the

balance response remained linear. We found it cumbersome to use the

weight changing mechanism in this work and resorted to the much faster

hand loading method. In doing so the precision reverts to that of the

unservoed balance but the other virtues, especially the electronic data

output that makes computer data acquisition possible, remain. Table 1 summarizes the precision tests. Although the balance reproducibility was

not improved when operated in the normal manner, where the knife- flat

contact is broken between each load, this may not be the case for every

balance. Our balance precision had deteriorated slightly from its former

level, perhaps to a degree and from a source that any improvement from the

servo would not be evident.

Experimental Package

A. Mass Artifacts

The mass artifacts of the package are the same as those described in our

earlier work with the exception of an addition of a one-kilogram weight

designated TE. In brief, all of the masses are nominally one kilogram and

are made of stainless steel. The densities are in the range of 7.8 to 8.0

g/cm3 except for weight H2 which is hollow and has a density of 2.9 g/cm3

. Likewise, all of the weights are of one piece construction except for S2

which is comprised of three concentric rings and a supporting base. Table

2 summarizes the pertinent characteristics for each weight.

B. Thermally Controlled Soaking Plate.

Based on our study of surface-dependent thermal effects [8] it had become

evident that systematic errors arise from the lack of thermal equilibrium

between weights undergoing calibration and the surrounding air in the

balance weighing chamber. To remedy this situation we modified a

temperature control circuit designed by Cutkosky and Davis [11] to

maintain the weight-storage area outside the balance at the same

temperature found inside the balance weighing chamber. A heat source that

has about the same effect on the balance as the operator's body heat is

also part of this solution. In essence the temperature controller has two

platinum thermometer sensors, one inside the balance and one buried in a

nearby aluminum soaking plate where the weights are stored. Thus the

soaking plate and the weights on it are in close proximity to the

temperature in the balance weighing chamber. The rise in temperature

associated with the operator's presence is anticipated and simulated by an

electrically resistive heat source. This source does not radiate in the

visible range and is replaced by the operator during the weighing period.

The soaking plate is fabricated from solid aluminum alloy 2.54 cm thick

and is 21.6 cm by 45.7 cm in plane view. The controlled heating element

7
Table 1. Comparison of balance precision using a balance in two different

modes of operation.

Standard Deviation

(mb)

Balance

Configuration Test #1 Test #2 Test #3

o servoed beam

o constant load

mode 6 17 18

o automatic

weight changer

o unservoed beam

o knife arrestment

between loads 52 25 44

o hand loading of

weights

8
Table 2. Physical characteristics of each weight.

Al

Mass

(g)

1000

Volume

(cm3

)

127

Density

(g/cm3

) 7.85

Surface Area

(cm^

)

145

Height Ratio

(Hx/Hm)

1

1.0

Kilogram Designation

S2 R2 H2 TE

1000 1000 1000 1000

126 126 338 125

7.90 7.91 2.96 7.99

660 270 270 180

1.2 1.4 1.4 3.5

1. Hx (H^i , Hs2> Hr2 , Hr2 , or Hpg) is defined as the height of each

weight

.
Figure 3. Soaking plate temperature control circuit.

HEATER >250X1

10
is a series hookup of 16 resisters of 16.2 ohms each. We make the

following comments about the analog portion of the circuit shown in Fig.

3.

1) A 10k ohm resister was added between switch SI and the junction

of resisters R1 and R5

.

2) Resister R3 is replaced with a 110-ohm platinum thermometer (R3

and R4 are both industrial quality thermometers)

.

3) The circuit is balanced by shunting the bridge with resisters,

as necessary, to attain zero heater power when the platinum

thermometers are in thermal equilibrium with each other. Shunt

resisters less than 100k ohms are mounted on the aluminum plate

to enhance the thermal stability of the circuit.

4) Capacitors C^, Cg , and resister R^ are respectively 5 /xF, 0.022

fj, F, and 56 megohms. These components allow the controller to

regulate the temperature of a soaking plate as described above

including the thermal insulation.

C. Thermometer

A dual probe thermistor thermometer was selected for this work because of

its small probe size, speed of response, and an optional analog electrical

signal output that is needed for computer data acquisition. Unfortunately

the probe selection can not be computer controlled on this instrument;

the selection is made manually by the operator. By experiment it was

determined that the air temperature, t, could be calculated from the

analog voltage output using the following relationship:

t = 84.02531V - 0.101,

where V is the analog voltage output. For measuring air temperature one

of the thermometer probes is suspended inside the balance case near the

weighing pan and the other probe is buried in the aluminum soaking plate

outside the balance where the weights are stored for thermal soaking

before weighing.

The thermometer probe inside the balance can be monitored by the computer

before and during the weighing procedure. This feature is important to

assure that the thermal history prior to weighing is conducive to a

successful weighing outcome. With calibration the thermometer is accurate

to within 0.02 °C for either probe. Accuracy of the thermometer is

achieved by calibration of both probes at several temperatures between 0

and 25 °C. This is accomplished by comparing the probes to a thermometer

that is estimated to have an uncertainty in temperature of 0.003 °C.

Field checks on the thermometer can be obtained by comparing the probes to

a mercury- in-glass thermometer inside the balance weighing chamber, or by

comparing the difference between the probes themselves when they are

11
thermally soaked at the same temperature; the observed difference can be

compared to an established value, providing the user some assurance that

the thermometer has retained its calibration.

D. Barometer

Of the three parameters that must be measured to compute air density -- temperature, pressure, and relative humidity -- in practice, pressure is

the most difficult to measure. Many laboratories do not have the means to

define pressure and must rely on instruments that require calibration.

Without a local source of calibration, laboratories are forced to rely on

rather delicate instruments to retain their calibration in transit from

distant facilities.

The needs of this measurement project are well satisfied with an accuracy

of a few parts in ten thousand. We selected a capacitance pressure

transducer with an electronic signal output for ease in automatic data

acquisition (0 to 10 volts) and with a pressure range from 600 mm Hg to

825 mm Hg. We anticipated a pressure range from 615 mm Hg to 760 mm Hg

related to the range in elevation of the participating laboratories: from

sea level to 3000 m. The relationship between the voltage output, V, and

pressure, P, is as follows:

( 30V+800)

1.333224

Where C is a small correction determined by calibration.

To test the ruggedness of the transducer before its inclusion in the

package we shipped it to Sandia laboratories where it was calibrated; as

it was before and after shipment at the NIST. With the normal precautions

taken in the packing and shipping of delicate instruments we had no shift

in the instrument calibration during the test or the round-robin

measurements

.

E. Relative Humidity Measurement

The measurement of relative humidity is accomplished with a thin polymer

film capacitance probe that has a fast response time. Like the other

instruments described above there is an analog signal output that is

useful for automatic data acquisition. The relative humidity, RH, as a

function of the voltage output is

RH = 1000V+C

where V is the voltage and C is a small correction determined by

calibration. The range of the instrument without extrapolation is from

12% to 97% relative humidity. Over the range in relative humidity from 0%

to 100% the voltage output ranges from 0 to 0.1 volt.

The calibration of the instrument is readily performed by immersion of the

12
probe into the vapor region above various saturated salt solutions [12].

The ones used here are lithium chloride (12%), magnesium chloride (33%),

and potassium sulfate (97%) . The calibration checks performed by some of

the participating laboratories were not made by this method but by direct

comparison to other similarly calibrated instruments. This form of

calibration check holds true for the temperature and pressure

instrumentation as well.

F. Multiplexer

The multimeter used to digitize the analog signals for acquisition by the

computer has only a single input port and requires an external switching

network for multiple inputs. Cutkosky designed a computer-controlled

multiplexer. With his cooperation, we constructed a replica for this

project. The multiplexer permits the computer software to control the

presentation of the analog signals for acquisition by the computer. The

multiplexer functioned well during the entire round-robin sequence.

However, a malfunction would not necessarily be noticeable by an operator

and a self-checking software routine verified that each of the four

switching relays would trip and the contact resistance was acceptable

before operation began in a participant laboratory.

In testing the multiplexer the operator had to become an active

participant in the process, first loading into the computer and then

running the appropriate program. The computer would cycle all of the

relays, leave the switches in the open position and then, using the

multimeter in the resistance mode, verify each switch is open. If all is

well the computer instructs the operator to short each switch input with a jumper wire and then proceeds to see if the closed switch contact

resistance is acceptable.

The cardinal virtues of the multiplexer are summarized below:

o IEEE-488 control bus.

o 128 relays are controllable.

o No applied power after tripping relay.

o Low thermal EMF.

o High leakage resistance.

o Zero offset current.

o Gold switch contacts for low level signals.

G. Multimeter

The signal outputs from the instrumentation discussed thus far are DC

voltages that range from a few millivolts to no more than 10 volts. To

measure these voltages and to convert them into digital information useful

to the computer we selected a programmable multimeter with an IEEE-488

interface. Thus we can control the meter setup, data collection, and

transfer to the computer by software commands from the computer. As we

have already discussed, software control of the multiplexer determines

what signal is presented to the multimeter.

13
There are many features provided in the meter that we did not make use of

however, the cardinal features we took advantage of are listed below:

o Five and one-half digit resolution

o Auto ranging

o Remote programing

o IEEE-488 interface

o External trigger

o High input impedance

H. Computer

The Hewlett-Packard 85 personal computer was chosen for this project for

several reasons. Below is a list of properties that we felt were

desirable

:

o Self-contained

o Rugged

o Highly portable

o Magnetic tape cartridge mass storage

o User-friendly interfacing

o Small size

The HP- 85 computer contains in one frame a 5 -inch cathode ray tube

display, keyboard, tape cassette, and a 32-column printer. To increase

the computer's capability we added four read only memory units (ROM's), a 16k memory expansion module, an IEEE interface unit and an external

printer. The added ROM's are:

o External input-output

o Matrix arithmetic enhancement

o Printer/Plotter enhancement

o Advanced programming

With these enhancements the computer is able to control the measurement,

permit easy editing of data files, reduce the data, analyze the results

,

and output the desired information to an 80-column printer.

An essential part of the computer is the traveling case obtained from the

manufacturer. We believe this case and the package shipping container

make it possible to repeatedly ship the computer and the other equipment

without damage. The shipping case is made of molded plastic and supports

the computer on antishock mountings while in transit. The larger external

shipping container is designed to withstand the abuse received from 100

air freight shipments and meets the Air Transportation Association

Specifications 300 Category 1. Internally the computer and the other

instruments are each surrounded by Dow #220 polyethylene foam sheets that

provides excellent shock protection. The outside shape of the shipping

container is cubic with a distance of approximately 1 meter separating the

cube faces.

14
I . Computer Software

The three programs used in this package have been recorded onto two

magnetic tape cartridges as shown in table 3. The first cartridge

contains two programs which are used to test the integrity of the data

acquisition system (i.e., the multiplexer, multimeter, thermometer,

barometer, and relative humidity indicator). The second tape cartridge

stores one main program, its subprograms, and data files which are used to

record observations, analyze data, and print the results of a complete set

of weighings. A sample printout of these results can be found in table 1 of appendix III. In addition, appendices I and II will describe the

content and function of each tape cartridge while providing the reader

with a printout of the programs found in table 3.

Results

The participants were given written instructions regarding the proper

assembly, test and operation of the equipment. Certain aspects of the

measurement preparation such as weight soaking time, balance warmup, and

adjustment of the fixed heat source were dependent on the operator

following the instructions carefully. Three laboratories (Sandia, Mound,

and 3M) were asked to check the calibration of the thermistor thermometer,

barometer and humidity indicator and inform us if they found any

significant change. Nothing irregular was detected. However, we caused a large shift in the barometer calibration after completion of the

measurements while performing a recalibration at the NIST. Weight H2 has

a very large buoyancy correction and the calculated mass is sensitive to

barometer error. Our data make us confident the shift occurred after use

at the Mound laboratory and not beforehand. Recalibration of the other

instruments was straightforward and no significant differences were found.

On return of the package to the NIST we repeated the measurements again.

The data clearly indicate that weight H2 lost 1/2 mg of mass after

calibration at Mound Laboratories and before final calibration at the

NIST. This loss correlates with an obvious deep scratch on the weight

surface. Although we show the data for completeness we do not use it in

the analysis. Other discrepancies in the data occurred as well. Sandia

Laboratories was unable to weigh kilogram TE because of its height and a previous modification of their balance pan. There are two sets of

Hawaiian data, the second set is a recomputation of the first set after an

NIST recalibration of their kilogram standards. Colorado violated a

procedural rule that limits the difference between the standard and the

unknown weight to no more than 1/4 the mass of the sensitivity weight.

The violation occurred on the A1-S2 weight pair and we omit the data. For

completeness we present the data of our first round-robin (RR#1) along

with the second one (RR#2) here. Tables 4, 5, and 6 present the first and

second round-robin data in tabular form. Clearly, we have eliminated the

difficulty the state laboratories had with the buoyancy correction for

weight H2 during round-robin #1. We have improved the standard deviations

for each weight that was included earlier and note that weight TE (not

included in RR#1) appears to behave as the others. The t-test was failed

15
Table 3. Catalog of programs stored on the preliminary and primary tape

cartridges

.

Preliminary tape cartridge:

NAME TYPE BYTES RECS FILE

TEST PROG 256 15 1

HIST PROG 256 7 2

Primary tape cartridge:

NAME TYPE BYTES RECS FILE

Autost PROG 256 5 1 INPUT PROG 256 12 2

MEASUR PROG 256 13 3

EDITD PROG 256 23 4

ANALY PROG 256 26 5

SUBRHO PROG 256 4 6

PRINTM PROG 256 4 7

A MAIN DATA 80 12 8

B MAIN DATA 80 12 9

C MAIN DATA 80 12 10

TRANSD PROG 256 9 11

16
in every instance for the New York data during the second round-robin and

indicates the state kilograms need recalibration. This information is a useful byproduct of the round-robin.

Hawaii was the second participating laboratory to receive the package from

NIST. We noted that based on our experience we thought the Hawaiian

kilograms appeared to need recalibration. This was accomplished by us and

explains the recalculation of the Hawaiian data. We found the mass of

both kilograms in the uncleaned condition, as they were received from

Hawaii, to be virtually unchanged but in preparing for an after cleaning

calibration we routinely measured their densities. Recalculation of the

data with the measured densities brings the Hawaiian measurements in

agreement with the others. Recalibration of the Hawaii kilograms after

cleaning showed a mass loss of about 150 micrograms per kilogram (i.e.,

the dirt compensated for the wear) . More discussion on the matter of

artifact density occurs later in the text.

In performing the measurements reported here, each participating

laboratory used their pair of calibrated standard kilogram to make mass

assignments to the artifacts in the round-robin package. The assigned

mass values of these standard kilogram pairs can be offset from the others

by 100 micrograms or more based on their calibration uncertainty

statements. These offsets then manifest themselves in the subsequent

artifact calibration. We have removed these offsets, for the purpose of

comparison, before performing additional analysis by normalizing the A1

mass values and then adjusting the other artifact data accordingly.

Kilogram Al was chosen to normalize the data because its characteristics

are similar to the participants' standard kilograms. The adjustment

factor for each participant was obtained by subtracting their averaged Al

values from the grand average of all the Al values. This factor was then

added algebraically to the assigned masses of the remaining kilograms.

We refer to these data as the adjusted data and show it in table 7.

For RR#2 the adjustment factor never exceeds 100 micrograms and is a

negative 100, 60, and 56 micrograms respectively for the states of Nevada,

Utah, and Colorado -- all high-altitude locations. We shall speculate on

the significance of this finding later in the text. Comparing the

standard deviations of these tables to those given in tables 4, 5, and 6

we see an across-the-board improvement in the data for both round-robins.

We solicited the assistance of the Statistical Engineering Division to

perform additional statistical tests on the data. In particular we

wanted to look for correlation between the artifact masses and the air

density parameters of barometric pressure, air temperature, and relative

humidity. In addition we wanted to look for correlation with mass and the

difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature found

inside the balance during the weighing period. We refer to this

difference as delta T. Kilogram TE was specifically designed to be

sensitive to this temperature difference [8]. These data are given in

table 8 and the analysis in table 9. We quote the summary here:

17
Table 4. Assigned mass values for weight pair A1-S2, given for both roundrobins.

Round-robin #1: Kilogram

Designation Check

Std

A1 S2 Obs F Accept tLab Date 1000 999 S.D. Ratio 1 -Obs Test

(g) (g) (Mg) (Mg)

NIST-5 4/82-4/83 .009132 .988553 - - - - New York 5/82 .009295 .988625 21 0.26 -86 3.04

California 6/82 .009301 .988789 47 0.61 -4 0.09

Nevada 8/82 .009070 .988476 79 1.75 -71 -1.68

Sandia 11/82 .009102 .988739 61 2.74 14 -2.63

Colorado 2/83 .009068 .988602 54 1.72 4 -0.89

Utah 3/83 .009239 .988689 34 0.32 -38 0.90

X

— .009172 .988782

S. D. = 0.000103 0.000377

Round-robin #2: Kilogram

Designation Accept

Diff

Al S2 Obs F -Obs tLab Date 1000 999 S.D. Ratio Diff Test

(g) (g) (Mg) (Mg)

NIST #1 3/86 .009123 .988540 52 2.21 5 -0.21

NIST #2 3/86 .009191 .988539 25 0.53 -66 2.67

California 6/86 .009177 .988578 28 1.98 37 -2.61

Hawaii #1 6 7/86 . 009348 5

. 988990 5 33 0.48 34 -1.00

Hawaii #2^ 7/86 .009204 .988846 33 0.48 4 -0.12

3M Corp 8/86 .009173 .988625 82 3.59 37 -1.21

Nevada 9/86 .009270 .988804 25 0.12 -6 0.12

Utah 10/86 .009234 .988823 48 0.54 73 -1.59

Colorado^ 11/86 . 009279 5

. 989044 5 64 0.63 82 - -1.43

Sandia 1/87 .009142 .988498 37 1.35 23 -1.01

New York 3/87 .009163 .988804 20 0.25 106 -3.74'

Mound 5/87 .009130 .988538 22 0.64 -4 0.20

NIST #3 8/87 .009126 .988390 44 1.56 -66 2.68

X

— .009176 .988635

S. D. = 0.000047 0.000157

1. Critical value is 3.79 for probability = 0.01.

2. Critical value is 3.

3. NIST data is an average of seven measurements

.

4. Failed t- test

.

5. Data not included in the analysis.

6. Data reduction before recalibrating Hawaii standards.

7. Data reduction after recalibrating Hawaii standards

.

8. Added weight rule violation.

18
Table 5. Assigned mass values for weight pair R2-H2, given for both roundrobins .

Round-rob in #1

Kilogram

Designation Check

Std

R2 H2 Obs F Accept tLab Date 999 1000 S.D. Ratio -Obs Test

<g> (g) 0*g) (^g)

NIST 4/82-4/83 .994503 .003880 - - - - New York 5/82 .994655 .005980 35 0.35 -62 1.45

California 6/82 .994742 .004544 42 0.49 -31 0.73

Nevada 8/82 .994471 .004643 65 1.16 84 -1.97

Sandia 11/82 .994436 .004143 60 2.85 2 -1.59

Colorado 2/83 .994580 .004642 65 0.82 -38 0.08

Utah 3/83 .994788 .003816 54 0.16 5 -0.12

X .994596 .004521

S.D. = 0.000136 0.000731

Round- robin #2:

Kilogram

Designation Accept

Diff

R2 H2 Obs F -Obs tLab Date 999 1000 S.D. Ratio Diff Test

• (g) (g) (^g) (/*g)

NIST #1 3/86 .994417 .003937 33 0.88 -5 0.19

NIST #2 3/86 .994429 .003944 29 0.67 -68 2.77

California 6/86 .994453 .003973 24 1.43 16 -1.16

Hawaii #1 7/86 . 994661

1

.004237 1 93 3.73 33 -0.98

Hawaii #2 7/86 .994517 .004093 93 3.73 3 -0.10

3M Corp 8/86 .994537 .004058 45 1.06 -30 0.99

Nevada 9/86 .994677 .004137 78 1.15 14 -0.28

Utah 10/86 .994708 .004094 46 0.50 99 -2.16

Colorado 11/86 .994804 .004384 71 0.76 117 -2.04

Sandia 1/87 .994476 .004037 56 3.08 -44 1.95

New York 3/87 .994566 .004109 34 0.70 102 -3.59

Mound 5/87 .994494 .003949 49 3.32 21 -1.12

NIST #3 8/87 .994368 .003482 1 » 3 49 1.96 -57 2.30

NIST #4 8/87 . 9943901 .003504 1 » 3 62 3.18 -126 5.07

X .994537 .004065

S.D. = 0.000131 0.000128

1. Data not used in the analysis.

2. Failed t-test.

3. Damaged weight (see text).

19
Table 6. Assigned mass values for weight pair Al-TE. The pair Al-TE was

not used in round-robin #1.

Round-robin #2:

Kilogram

Designation Accept —„ „ Diff

A1 TE Obs F -Obs tLab Date 1000 1000 S.D. Ratio Diff Test

(g) (g) (Mg) (Mg)

NIST #1 3/86 .009195 .002105 59 2.81 -34 1.36

NIST #2 3/86 .009096 .002082 53 2.32 -38 1.54

California 6/86 .009226 .002277 46 5.28 -33 2.37

Hawaii #1 7/86 .009261 1

. 002520 1 55 1.33 101 -2.98

Hawaii #2 7/86 .009117 .002376 55 1.33 71 -2.10

3M Corp 8/86 .009211 .002373 59 1.83 -5 0.18

Nevada 9/86 .009285 .002457 70 0.92 -34 0.65

Utah 10/86 .009242 .002389 74 1.29 -32 0.69

Colorado 11/86 .009188 .002519 23 0.84 69 -1.20

Sandia* 1/87 - - - - - - New York 3/87 .009187 .002273 34 0.71 86 3.05 2

Mound 5/87 .009127 .002301 14 0.28 20 -1.05

NIST #3 8/87 .009114 .002059 57 2.65 -55 2.23

X = .009181 .002292

S .D. = 0.000060 0.000154

1. Modified balance pan cannot accommodate extraordinary height of weight

TE

.

2. Failed t-test.

20
Table 7. Assigned mass values of weights S2, R2 , H2 , and TE normalized to

weight Al

.

Round -rob in #1

:

Kilogram Designation

Adjust

S2 R2 H2 Factor

Lab Date 999 999 1000 Al - Al

(g) (g) (g) (Mg)

NIST 4/82-4/83 .988593 .994543 .003920 40

New York 5/82 .988502 .994532 .005857 -123

California 6/82 .988660 .994613 .004415 -129

Nevada 8/82 .988578 .994573 .004745 102

Sandia 11/82 .988809 .994506 .004213 70

Colorado 2/83 .988706 .994684 .004746 104

Utah 3/83 .988622 .994721 .003749 -67

X .988639 .994596 .004521

S.D. = 0.000099 0.000081 0.000701

Round- robin :#2:

S2

Kilogram

R2

Designation

H2 TE

Adj ust

Factor

Lab Date 999 999 1000 1000 Al - Al

(g) (g) (g) (g) (Mg)

NIST #1 3/86 .988559 .994436 .003956 .002124 19

NIST #2 3/86 .988573 .994462 .003978 .002116 34

California 6/86 .988554 .994429 .003949 .002253 -24

Hawaii 7/86 .988864 .994535 .004111 .002394 18

3M Corp 8/86 .988611 .994523 .004044 .002359 -14

Nevada 9/86 .988704 .994577 .004037 .002357 -100

Utah 10/86 .988763 .994648 .004034 .002329 -60

Colorado 11/86 1 .994748 .004328 .002463 -56

Sandia 1/87 .988534 .994512 .004073 2 36

New York 3/87 .988807 .994569 .004112 .002276 3

Mound 5/87 .988588 .994544 .003999 .002351 50

NIST #3 8/87 .988448 .994426 3 .002117 58

X

— .988637 .994534 .004056 .002285

S .D. = 0.000129 0.000095 0.000106 0.000120

1. Added weight violation.

2. Balance modification.

3. Damaged weight.

21
Table 8. Correlation test data.

Kilogram Adj . Mass Temperature Pressure Humidity A Temp

(g) <° C) (mm Hg) (%) (° C)

S2 999.988559 24.08 761.25 32.7 -0.01

999.988573 24.24 752.44 27.8 0.02

999.988554 23.30 759.58 38.4 0.00

999.988864 23.36 762.30 23.8 0.01

999.988611 22.67 737.26 33.5 -0.01

999.988704 24.40 646.41 18.8 0.09

999.988763 23.74 656.26 26.8 0.10

999.988534 20.87 627.17 38.1 -0.02

999.988807 21.20 762.44 40.6 0.18

999.988588 22.96 743.61 33.4 0.04

999.988448 24.20 748.63 53.5 0.00

R2 999.994436 24.27 756.77 34.0 0.02

999.994462 24.05 759.64 27.5 0.03

999.994429 23.27 759.13 38.4 0.00

999.994535 23.39 763.10 24.0 -0.06

999.994523 22.59 743.66 32.8 0.00

999.994577 24.14 645.08 17.0 0.15

999.994648 23.12 655.87 32.7 0.07

999.994748 22.37 619.10 32.3 -0.02

999.994512 20.84 626.63 37.3 -0.10

999.994569 22.79 751.60 33.6 0.01

999.994544 22.97 743.44 33.5 0.02

999.994426 24.24 754.14 49.2 0.01

H2 1000.003956 24.27 756.77 34.0 0.02

1000.003978 24.05 759.64 27.5 0.03

1000.003949 23.27 759.13 38.4 0.00

1000.004111 23.39 763.10 24.0 -0.06

1000.004044 22.59 743.66 32.8 0.00

1000.004037 24.14 645.08 17.0 0.15

1000.004034 23.12 655.87 32.7 0.07

1000.004328 22.37 619.10 32.3 -0.02

1000.004073 20.84 626.63 37.3 -0.10

1000.004112 22.79 751.60 33.6 0.01

1000.003999 22.97 743.44 33.5 0.02

TE 1000.002124 24.29 741.27 41.4 -0.01

1000.002116 24.21 753.34 30.7 0.02

1000.002253 23.25 759.50 35.6 0.06

1000.002394 23.52 762.45 23.3 0.13

1000.002359 22.61 745.70 33.2 -0.01

1000.002357 25.47 641.38 16.1 0.15

1000.002329 23.58 657.15 28.1 0.01

1000.002463 21.68 630.45 30.6 0.13

1000.002276 22.96 744.21 36.6 0.09

1000.002351 23.01 743.24 33.1 0.03

1000.002117 24.34 755.54 49.7 0.00

22
Table 9. Correlation of Mass with Environmental Parameters.

Kilogram Correlation Correlation Coefficient

Designation Quantity Coefficient 95% Confidence Interval

S2 Temperature -0.14 -0.68 +0.50

Pressure -0.03 -0.62 +0.58

Humidity -0.58 -0.88 +0.03

A Temperature +0.64 +0.06 +0.90 *

R2 Temperature -0.38 -0.78 +0.25

Pressure -0.70 -0.91 -0.21 * Humidity -0.36 -0.77 +0.27

A Temperature +0.12 -0.49 +0.65

H2 Temperature -0.44 -0.82 +0.22

Pressure -0.54 -0.86 +0.08

Humidity -0.08 -0.65 +0.54

A Temperature -0.29 -0.76 +0.38

TE Temperature -0.53 -0.86 +0.10

Pressure -0.53 -0.86 +0.10

Humidity -0.64 -0.90 -0.06 *

A Temperature +0.62 +0.03 +0.89 *

Nevada

,

Utah, and Colorado excluded

S2 Temperature -0.31 -0.81 +0.44

Pressure +0.04 -0.64 +0.68

Humidity -0.53 -0.88 +0.21

A Temperature +0.57 -0.15 +0.89

R2 Temperature -0.55 -0.89 +0.18

Pressure -0.19 -0.76 +0.54

Humidity -0.50 -0.87 +0.25

A Temperature -0.28 -0.80 +0.47

H2 Temperature -0.51 -0.89 +0.30

Pressure -0.28 -0.82 +0.53

Humidity -0.34 -0.84 +0.48

A Temperature -0.57 -0.91 +0.22

TE Temperature -0.84 -0.97 -0.33 * Pressure +0.07 -0.67 +0.74

Humidity -0.67 -0.93 +0.07

A Temperature +0.53 -0.27 +0.90

* Indicates significant correlation (95% confidence

overlap zero)

.

interval does not
Table 10. - Measurement series temperature change

= initial temperature

Tf = final temperature

AT = Tf-Ti

Round-robin #2:

Temperature Difference (AT)

(° C)

Lab A1-S2 R2-H2 Al-TE

NIST #1 -0.01 0.02 -0.01

NIST #2 0.02 0.03 0.02

CA 0.00 0.00 0.06

Hawaii 0.01 -0.06 0.13

3M Corp -0.01 0.00 -0.01

Nevada 0.09 0.15 0.15

Utah 0.10 0.07 0.01

Colorado - -0.02 0.13

Sandia -0.02 -0.10 - New York 0.18 0.01 0.09

Mound 0.04 0.02 0.03

NIST #3 0.00 0.01 0.00

NIST #4 - 0.05 -

24
"Note that on an individual basis the correlation is significant at the

0.05 level in only four cases, as indicated by a However, when

considering the data for the four kilograms as whole, there are strong

indications that

1) mass is negatively correlated with temperature, pressure, and

humidity

,

2) mass is positively correlated with delta temperature."

Only kilogram R2 has significant correlation with barometric pressure and

therefore we suspected the weight volume was in error. However, a new

volume determination agreed with the former one to within 1 part in 1C>\ a null result. We expected correlation with kilogram TE due to thermal

effects [8] but not the general correlation of all the kilograms with all

of the parameters, particularly relative humidity. Our data yields a

negative correlation where a positive correlation is known [13]. We

recalled during the volume measurement on Hawaii's kilogram that the

assigned volumes to state kilograms were assumed and not measured at the

time of their calibration. This occurred during the 1970 's and before,

when volume measurements were not economical. We performed a second

analysis but omitted the data from Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. This

analysis is summarized in the lower part of table 9 and indicates only one

significant correlation, kilogram TE with delta T. The kilograms and the

observed delta T are given in table 10. There remains a suggestion of a negative correlation of mass with temperature and relative humidity that

we cannot explain other than possible instrumentation errors. However, the

resulting mass errors are well below the noise level of these measurements

or any practical routine mass measurement. Fig. 4 is a typical graphic

illustration of both sets of analysis, we only show the data for kilogram

R2 where earlier we had considered a volume error. In Fig. 5 we have

denoted the weight pairing of kilogram Al at the time of weighing. It is

gratifying to note that the mass assigned to kilogram Al is not correlated

with the unusual features of kilograms S2 and TE. Other aspects of Fig. 5

are discussed later in the text.

Conclusions

First, let us consider only the improvement we observe in our ability to

weigh kilogram H2 . The volume difference between H2 and the participants

standards' is about two orders of magnitude larger than the other kilogram

combinations. We note that in round-robin #1 the weighing data was

unacceptable while that of round-robin #2 is as good as can be expected

[6] and not significantly different from the behavior of the other

kilograms. This certainly indicates that the improvements in

instrumentation and thermal conditioning are working very well.

Secondly, the mass of kilogram TE is the only mass that has a significant

correlation with delta T. The height of TE is about three times that of a

standard kilogram, similar to Al , whose height is approximately equal to

its diameter. Futhermore we note that the surface area of kilogram S2 is

about 4.5 times larger than a standard kilogram and no significant

correlation with any parameter was detected. These data suggest that we

25
Figure 4. Scatter plots of correlated and uncorrelated data for kilogram

R2

Correlation Plots of Mass Values Assigned to Kilogram R2

Versus Temperature, Pressure, Relative Humidity, and AT

With Nevada, Utah, and Colorado

Kilogram R2

(999 g)

.99476 -

.99468 -

.99460 -

.99452 -

.99444 - J L J L

a

J L

20 21 22 23 24

Temperature (Celsius)

25

20 30 40

Relative Humidity (%)

Pressure (MM HG)

-0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Deita Temperature (Celsius)

Without Nevada, Utah, and Colorado

Kilogram R2

(999 g)

.99476

.99468

.99460

.99452

.99444

20 21 22 23 24 25 600 650 700 750 800

Temperature (Celsius) Pressure (MM HG)

.99476

.99468

.99460

.99452

.99444

10 20 30 40 50 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Relative Humidity (%) Delta Temperature (Celsius)

- -

•

. I : --

_ • m

i i 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i

26
Figure 5. These data illustrate the effects of assumed density on the

assigned mass of kilogram Al

.

Assigned Mess Value to Al Before Recalibrating

Hawaii's Kilogram Mass Standards

LABORATORY

Assigned Mass Value to Al After Recalibrating

Hawaii's Kilogram Mass Standards

LABORATORY

Assigned Mass Value to Al After Recalibrating

Hawaii's Kilogram Mass Standards Less Nevada,

Utah, and Colorado

<

E

SI

.00940

.00930

,00920

.00910

- A

• KMogram Pair A1-S2 A KMogram Pair A1-TE

A

_a_ Mean = 1000.009159 g

, S.O. = 0.000040 g —1—1—H

N8S#1 | CA 3M

H—1—1—hH 1

| SANDiA MOUND | NBS « 2 HI NY NBS* 3 LABORATORY

27
could extend our measurement process to include a summation of 1 kilogram

weights (500g, 300g, 200g) that have less exaggerated characteristics,

without significant systematic errors. This is an important consideration

in the calibration of a set of weights if the uncertainty estimates are to

be meaningful.

We also note the behavior of kilogram Al with the data plots of Fig. 5.

Although the kilogram pairing is denoted by dots and triangles it has no

significance in this discussion. The above plot includes the Hawaiian

point based on a faulty volume assumption and the middle plot with the

correct volume. In the lower plot we have removed the data from the

states of Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, each with assumed volumes for their

standards and used in laboratories at higher elevations and therefore

lower air densities than the other laboratories. The standard deviation

is not only improved but is very good for routine mass calibrations and we

speculate the middle plot would likewise be improved with measured weight

volumes used in the data reduction. The New York kilograms, like nearly

all state kilograms, have not had their volumes measured and it is

probably fortuitous that our data do not reflect a faulty volume

assumption. That is, we know the actual material density is somewhat

lower than the assumed 8.0 g/cm^ and that the weights were calibrated and

subsequently used at about the same air density thus masking the error.

Futhermore the statistical check indicates the New York Kilograms are in

need of recalibration and may have some compensating effect for the error.

We believe we can use an improved version of this package to calibrate

mass standards in the recipient laboratory provided their kilograms have

had their densities adequately determined beforehand. Any future effort

would be directed toward a complete weight set calibration. Communication

with the participants revealed that most, if not all, were pleased with

the concept of the package and with the learning experience arising from

performing the measurements. Indeed, we believe that NIST successfully

transferred near state-of-the-art mass measurement technology to the

individuals that participated in the program.

After several years of experience interacting with the state laboratories

we believe a program that sponsors the acquisition of computers, software,

and electronic instrumentation is needed along with the required support.

Acknowledgements

We appreciate the funding support provided over the past few years by both

Albert Tholen, Chief of the Office of Weights and Measures, and Joe

Simmons, our former Division Chief. We are also grateful to Charles Reeve

of the Statistical Engineering Division who always provides his

statistical advice with good humor.

28
REFERENCES

1. H. A. Bowman, W. Gallagher, and R. M. Schoonover , "The

development of a working density standard," Instrument Society

of America, 20th annual ISA conference and exhibit, Oct. 4-7,

1965.

2. P. E. Pontius, "Mass Measurements: A study of anomalies,"

Science, vol. 190, pp. 379-380, 1975.

3. R. M. Schoonover and J. E. Taylor, "Some recent developments at

NBS in mass measurements," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation

and Measurement, vol. IM-35, no. 4, part 1, Dec. 1986.

4. H. A. Bowman and R. M. Schoonover, "Procedure for high precision

density determination by hydrostatic weighing," J. Res., vol.

71C , pp. 179-198, July - Aug. 1967.

5. F. E. Jones, "The air density equation and the transfer of the

mass unit," J. Res., vol. 10, pp . 419-427, Sept. - Oct. 1978.

6. R. M. Schoonover, R. S. Davis, R. G. Driver, and V. E. Bower, "A

practical test of the air density equation in standards

laboratories at differing altitudes," J. Res., vol. 85, no. 1,

pp 27-38, Jan. - Feb. 1980.

7. R. M. Schoonover, "Advanced mass calibration in state

laboratories," Rep. NBSIR 83-2752, pp. 1-9, Aug. 1983.

8. R. M. Schoonover and J. Keller, "A surface dependent thermal

effect in mass calibration," in "Report of the 68th National

Conference on Weights and Measures 1983," NBS Special Pub. 663,

pp. 39-57, 1983.

9. M. E. Cage and R. S. Davis, "An analysis of read-out

perturbations seen on an analytical balance with a swinging

pan,", J. Res. vol. 87, no. 1, Jan. - Feb. 1982.

10. H. A. Bowman and H. E. Aimer, "Minimization of the arrestment

error in one-pan, two-knife balance systems," J. Res. Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), 67C (Eng. and Instr.), No. 3, 227-235 (July-Sept.

1963).

11. R. D. Cutkosky and R. S. Davis, "Simple control circuit for

temperature regulation and other bridge applications," Rev. Sci.

Instrum., vol. 52, no. 9, pp . 1403-1405, Sept. 1981.

12. A. Wexler and S. Hasegawa, "Relative humidity- temperature

relationships of some saturated salt solutions in the

temperature range 0° to 50° C," J. Res., vol. 53, no. 1, July

1954.

29
13 M Kochsiek, "Measurement of Water Adsorption on Metal

Surfaces," Metrologia 18, 153-159, 1982.

'

.
Appendices

Appendix I

Preliminary tape cartridge 32

Appendix II.

Primary tape cartridge 38

Appendix III.

Printout of results 57

31
Appendix I

.

In conjunction with the computer, the preliminary tape cartridge is used

as a debugging tool during the set up of the data acquisition system.

This auxiliary tape, contains the programs TEST and HIST.

TEST is a program that functions as a continuity tester and is used to

check the opening and closing of the multiplexer relays before connecting

the multiplexer to the remaining components of the data acquisition

system.

The program HIST will allow the user to automatically measure temperature,

pressure, and relative humidity if the data acquisition system is

functioning properly. In addition to using HIST as a diagnostic tool,

each laboratory can periodically monitor room temperature and choose the

most quiescent period of the day in which to make measurements.

32
1000

1010

1020

1030

1040

1050

1060

1070

1080

1090

1100

1110

1120

1130

1140

1150

1160

1170

1180

1190

1200

1210

1220

1230

1240

1250

1260

1270

1280

1290

1300

1310

1320

1330

1340

1350

1360

1370

1380

1390

1400

1410

1420

1430

1440

1450

1460

1470

1480

1490

1500

1510

1520

1530

1540

1550

1560

1570

1580

1590

REM ***** TEST *****

REM

REM

REM THIS PROGRAM IS A TEST

REM FOR CONTINUITY OF THE

REM 3 RELAYS USED IN THE

REM SECOND ROUND ROBIN.

REM

REM

REM *** INITIALIZE *** REM

PRINTER IS 2

OPTION BASE 1

INTEGER P2(7,5),P3(7,5),P4(7,5),M(7,5),T(7,5)

INTEGER I,J,N,K

REAL R ( 7 , 5 ) ,V,0,C

0=9000000000

C= . 4

N=1

CLEAR

DISP USING " 2 /

; DISP "1) CHECK ALL CONNECTIONS BEFORE"

DISP " RUNNING THIS TEST."

DISP USING "1/" ; DISP "2) THE PROGRAM IS APPROX. 5 MINUTES LONG."

DISP USING "1/" ? DISP "3) RESULTS WILL BE DISPLAYED ON THE SCREEN AND/OR OUTPUT"

DISP " TO THE THERMAL PRINTER."

DISP USING "1/" ? DISP "4) PRESS THE CONT KEY TO RUN THE TEST."

PAUSE

CLEAR

REM

REM *** P2,P3,P4 *** REM

FOR J=1 TO N

FOR 1=1 TO 7

P2 ( I , J ) =0

IF 1=2 THEN P2 (I, J)=l

P3 ( I , J ) =0

IF 1=4 THEN P3 ( I , J ) =1

P4 (I, J)=0

IF 1=6 THEN P4(I,J)=1

NEXT I

NEXT J

REM

REM *** SET RELAYS *** REM

FOR J=1 TO N

FOR 1=1 TO 7

IF P2(I f J) OR P3 (

I

r J ) OR P4 ( I , J ) =1 THEN 1540

OUTPUT 710 ; "Cl-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8"

GOSUB 1790

GOTO 1730

IF P2 ( I , J ) =0 THEN 1580

OUTPUT 710 ; "Cl+2-3-4"

GOSUB 1790

GOTO 1730 33

IF P3 ( I , J ) =0 THEN 1620

OUTPUT 710 ; "Cl-2+3-4"
1600 GOSUB 1790

1610 GOTO 1730

1620 IF P4 ( I , J ) =0 THEN 1660

1630 OUTPUT 710 ;"Cl-2-3+4"

1640 GOSUB 1790

1650 GOTO 1730

1660 CLEAR

1670 DISP USING " 4 / "

? 1680 DISP " ***************************'

1690 DISP "PROGRAM ERROR!! ALL PORTS ARE OPEN."

1700 DISP ".**************************"

1710 BEEP 0 BEEP 0 BEEP 0 BEEP 0 BEEP

1720 PAUSE

1730 NEXT I

1740 NEXT J

1750 GOTO 1930

1760 REM

1770 REM *** READ METER ***

1780 REM

1790 WAIT 3000

1800 OUTPUT 724 ;"F3RAN4T2"

1810 R ( I , J ) =0

1820 FOR K=1 TO 10

1830 WAIT 300

1840 TRIGGER 724 • 1850 ENTER 724 ; V

1860 R(I, J)=R(I, J)+V

1870 NEXT K

1880 R ( I , J ) =R ( I , J ) / 1

0

1890 RETURN

1900 REM

1910 REM *** TEST READING *** 1920 REM

1930 FOR J=1 TO N

1940 FOR 1=1 TO 7

1950 IF R ( I , J ) >C THEN M(I,J)=0

1960 IF R(I,J)<0 THEN M(I,J)=1

1970 IF R(I,J)>=C AND R(I,J)<=0 THEN M(I,J)=10

1980 ON I GOTO 1990,2010,1990,2010,1990,2010,1990

1990 IF M ( I , J ) =0 THEN T(I,J)=0 ELSE T(I,J)=1

2000 GOTO 2020

2010 IF M ( I , J ) =1 THEN T(I,J)=0 ELSE T(I,J)=1

2020 IF R ( I , J ) >=C AND R(I,J)<=0 THEN T(I,J)=1

2030 NEXT I

2040 NEXT J

2050 REM

2060 REM *** RESULTS *** 2070 REM

2080 FOR J=1 TO N

2090 FOR 1=1 TO 7

2100 IF T ( I , J ) =1 THEN GOTO 2190

2110 NEXT I

2120 NEXT J

2130 CLEAR

2140 DISP USING "6/" ; 2150 DISP "THE MULTIPLEXER RELAYS ARE IN"

2160 DISP " GOOD WORKING ORDER." 34

2170 BEEP 0 BEEP

2180 GOTO 2420

2190 CLEAR
2200 DISP USING "4/" ; 2210 DISP "WARNING I i ! I ! ! ! I ! ! ! " 2220 DISP USING "1/" ; 2230 DISP "THE MULTIPLEXER RELAYS HAVE FAILED THE CONTINUITY TEST."

2240 DISP "PLEASE EXAMINE ALL ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS OR DETERMINE WHICH

(S) IS FAULTY."

2250 BEEP @ BEEP @ BEEP @ BEEP @ BEEP

2260 PRINT USING "2/" ; 2270 FOR J=1 TO N . 2280 PRINT "N=";J

2290 FOR 1=1 TO 7

2300 PRINT " PORT : 432 METER"

2310 PRINT USING 2320 ? P4 ( I , J ) , P3 ( I , J ) , P2 ( I , J ) , M (

I

f J

)

2320 IMAGE 4X, "VALUE :" f 2X,3(D,X)

,

3 X , DD

2330 IF T(I,J)=1 THEN GOSUB 2390

2340 PRINT USING "2/" ? 2350 NEXT I

2360 PRINT USING "3/" ; 2370 NEXT J

2380 GOTO 2420

2390 PRINT USING 2400 ; R(I,J)

2400 IMAGE X,"V= " , K , X

, "OHMS

2410 RETURN

2420 END

RELAY

35
1000 REM ****** HIST ******

1010 REM

1020 REM

1030 REM PROGRAM WILL AUTOREAD

1040 REM ENVIROMENTAL DATA,

1050 REM TIME, AND DATE.

1060 REM

1070 REM VALUES ARE OUTPUT TO

1080 REM THE THERMAL PRINTER.

1090 REM

1100 REM TIME INTERVALS ARE

1110 REM INPUT IN HOURS.

1120 REM

1130 REM

1140 PRINTER IS 2

1150 OPTION BASE 1

1160 REM *** SET DATE/TIME ***

1170 CLEAR

1180 DISP USING "3/" ; 1190 DISP " INPUT THE CURRENT DATE USING THE FOLLOWING FORMAT:"

1200 DISP USING "1/" ; 1210 DISP " XX/XX/XXXX"

1220 DISP USING "1/" ; 1230 DISP " EXAMPLE: 04/05/1986"

1240 INPUT A$

1250 A=MDY(A$ ) -MDY ( "01/01/1985"

)

1260 CLEAR

1270 DISP USING "3/" ; 1280 DISP "INPUT THE CURRENT MILITARY TIME USING THE FOLLOWING FORMAT

1290 DISP USING "i/" f 1300 DISP n HH : MM : SS

1310 DISP USING "i/„ •

/ 1320 DISP " EXAMPLE: 14:07:00"

1330 INPUT B$

1340 SETTIME HMS(B$),A

1350 REM *** SET TIMER ***

1360 CLEAR

1370 DISP USING "3/" ; 1380 DISP "INPUT TIME INTERVAL (HRS)."

1390 INPUT HI

1400 H1=3600000*H1

1410 CLEAR

1420 GOTO 1460

1430 ON TIMER# 1,H1 GOTO 1460

1440 GOTO 1440

1450 REM *** READ AMBIENT *** 1460 OUTPUT 724 ;"F1RAN5T2"

1470 OUTPUT 710 ; "Cl-1+2-3-4-5-6-7-8

1480 GOSUB 1600

1490 ENTER 724 ; T

1500 T=84 .02531* T-. 101

1510 OUTPUT 710 ; "Cl-1-2+3-4-5-6-7-8

1520 GOSUB 1600

1530 ENTER 724 ; P

1540 P=(30*P+800)/l. 333224

1550 OUTPUT 710 ; "Cl-1-2-3+4-5-6-7-8

1560 GOSUB 1600

1570 ENTER 724 ; H

1580 H=H/. 02-2 .

5

1590 GOTO 1640
L600 WAIT 2000

L610 TRIGGER 724

L620 RETURN

L630 REM *** PRINT DATA ***

L640 PRINT USING ”2/" ; L650 PRINT MDY$(DATE+MDY( " 01/01/19 85" )

)

L 6 6 0 PRINT TIME$

L670 PRINT USING 1680 ? T

.680 IMAGE " T =",M3DZ.2D

L690 PRINT USING 1700 ; P

1700 IMAGE " P =

r M3DZ . 2D

L710 PRINT USING 1720 ; H

1720 IMAGE " H =" r M3DZ.lD

1730 OFF TIMER# 1

L740 GOTO 1430

1750 END
Appendix II.

Each participating laboratory receives a duplicate copy of the primary

tape cartridge with which weighings can be recorded, analyzed, and then

returned to the NIST for a group comparison. This cartridge has one

central program, seven subprograms, and three data files, table 3 in the

main text. The three data files (A MAIN, B MAIN, and C MAIN) are storage

areas in which all of the information associated with three sets of

weighings (A1-S2, R2-H2, and Al-TE) are saved and modified by the various

subprograms

.

The main program "Autost" and its subprograms follow the logic outlined in

Fig. 1. Whereby the user first selects a storage area (data file)

followed by one of three processes (subprograms)

1. Input data using subprograms INPUT or MEASUR,

2. Revise the data file using subprogram EDITD, or

3. Compute and assign true mass values to the four kilograms

associated with

this data file using subprograms ANALY and SUBRHO.

The following is a brief description of the program files found on this

tape cartridge:

Autost - The central program from which access to subprograms are

obtained whenever necessary. As its name implies, the computer will

automatically start executing commands from this program as soon as the

user turns on power to the computer, provided the tape cartridge is in

place

.

INPUT - This subprogram allows the user to enter constants (the known

standard deviation of the balance, volumetric coefficient of thermal

expansion of the standard, etc.) from the keyboard into a data file.

MEASUR - Used to store, in a data file, balance readings and environmental

conditions obtained in situ.

EDITD - An editor which allows the user to modify the data file whenever

necessary

.

ANALY - Contains the algorithm used to assign mass values to each kilogram

and provide the user with a hard copy of results using the 80-column

printer

.

SUBRHO - Calculates an air density using temperature, pressure, and

relative humidity values imported from subprogram ANALY.

PRINTM - A subprogram which will print the contents of a data file.

TRANSD - Although this program is not used during the weighings, it was

written to be used as a mechanism through which data files can be

transferred to and from tape cartridges.

38
Figure 1. Software flowchart.

1)

LOAD AND RUN PROGRAM “Autost.’

2)

SELECT ONE OF THE THREE DATA FILES

CORRESPONDING TO WEIGHING SERIES

A1-S2, R2-H2, OR A1-TE.

3)

USING SUBPROGRAM “INPUT,” RECORD

CONSTANT PARAMETERS OF THE

WEIGHING SERIES INTO THE DATA FILE.

4)

USING “MEASUR RECORD BALANCE

OBSERVATIONS AND AIR DENSITY

READINGS INTO THE DATA FILE.

5)

IF NECESSARY, MODIFY THE DATA FILE

WITH “EDITD.”

6)

COMPUTE THE BOUYANCY CORRECTIONS

AND MASS FOR EACH KILOGRAM USING

“SUBRHO” AND “ANALY.”

RESULTS ARE DISPLAYED WITH THE

80-COLUMN PRINTER AND “PRINTM” WILL

LIST THE CONTENTS OF THE DATA FILE.

39
100 REM * MAIN PROGRAM

110 REM

120 REM * CONTROLLER FOR TRUE

130 REM MASS WEIGHINGS IN FOUR

140 REM /ONE'S SERIES.

150 REM

160 REM * WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR,

170 REM FOR OWM 3/85.

180 REM

Z9 0 CLEAR

200 PRINTER IS 701,80

210 DISP USING "2/"

220 DISP "TYPE IN MESUREMENT PAIR AS"

230 DISP "FOLLOWS

240 DISP USING "2/"

250 DISP ii 1 = A1 S2

260 DISP

270 DISP H 2 = R2 H2

280 DISP

290 DISP n 3 = A1 TE"

300 DISP USING "2/"

310 INPUT1 X7

320 IF X7 <1 OR X7>3 THEN GOTO 190

330 CLEAR

340 DISP USING "2/"

350 DISP "TYPE IN DESIRED PROGRAM FUNCTION

360 DISP II • 1 370 DISP " 1 = INPUT SYSTEM PARAMETERS."

380 DISP ii II 390 DISP " 2 = INPUT MEASUREMENTS."

400 DISP VI II 410 DISP " 3 = EDIT DATA FILES."

420 DISP VI It 430 DISP " 4 = ANALYZE DATA."

440 DISP

450 DISP " 5 = END"

460 INPUT X

470 IF X<1 OR X> 5 THEN GOTO 330

480 ON X GOTO 490,510,530,550,590

490 CALL "INPUT" ( X7 ) 500 GOTO 330

510 CALL "MEASUR" ( X7 ) 520 GOTO 330

530 CALL "EDITD" ( XI ) 540 GOTO 330

550 CLEAR

560 CALL "ANALY" ( X7 ) 570 CALL "PRINTM" ( XI ) 580 GOTO 330

590 CLEAR @ DISP USING "6/"

600 DISP VI RUN TERMINATED."

610 END

40
10 SUE "INPUT" (X7)

20 REM

30 REM * INPUTS DATA FROM KEY40 REM BOARD TO MAIN

50 REM DATA FILES.

60 REM

70 REM * WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR

80 REM FOR OWM 3/85.

90 REM

100 OPTION BASE 1

110 DIM H2$ [ 20 ] ,H3$[8]

120 ON XI GOTO 130,150,170

130 ASSIGN# 1 TO "A MAIN"

140 GOTO 180

150 ASSIGN# 1 TO "B MAIN"

160 GOTO 180

170 ASSIGN# 1 TO "C MAIN"

180 CLEAR

190 DISP

200 DISP "TYPE IN DESIRED PROGRAM FUNCTION AS FOLLOWS:"

210 DISP

220 DISP " 1 = INPUT HEADING/DATE."

230 DISP

240 DISP " 2 = INPUT CONSTANT DATA."

250 DISP

260 DISP " 3 = EXIT"

270 DISP

280 INPUT K

290 IF K<1 OR K> 3 THEN GOTO 180

BOO ON K GOTO 320,430,1270

B10 REM *****HEADING/DATE*****

320 CLEAR

330 N=2

340 H2$="

350 DISP "INPUT HEADING (20 CHARACTERS"

360 DISP "MAX)."

B70 INPUT H2

$

B80 DISP "INPUT DATE (XX/XX/XX)."

390 INPUT H3

$

100 PRINT# 1,1 ; N , H2 $ , H3

$

110 GOTO 180

^.EM * * * * * CONSTANT DATA****

. LEAR

i40 DISP "INPUT KNOWN MASS OF WGHT#1 (MG)."

150 INPUT A1

160 DISP "INPUT KNOWN MASS OF WGHT#2 (MG)."

170 INPUT B1

180 DISP "INPUT THE STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE BALANCE ( MG )

190 INPUT Cl

>00 DISP "INPUT THE MASS OF THE SENSITI-"

>10 DISP "VITY WGHT . (MG)."

>20 INPUT D1

>30 DISP "INPUT THE VOLUME OF THE SENSITI-"

>40 DISP "VITY WGHT. ( CC ) .

>50 INPUT El

>60 DISP "INPUT TEMPERATURE CORRECTION"

>70 DISP " (DEG C ) .

i80 INPUT FI

>90 DISP "INPUT PRESSURE CORRECTION"

>00 DISP " (MM HG ) .

41
610 INPUT G1

620 DISP "INPUT HUMIDITY CORRECTION ( % ) .

630 INPUT HI

640 PRINT# 1,2 ; A1 , B1 , Cl , D1 , El , FI , G1 , HI

650 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF WGHT#1."

660 INPUT A2

670 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF WGHT#1 (CC)."

680 INPUT B2

690 DISP "INPUT DENSITY OF WGHT#1 (G/CC)."

700 INPUT C2

710 DISP "INPUT MASS OF ADDED WEIGHT TO"

720 DISP "WGHT# 1 (MG)."

730 INPUT D2

740 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF THE ADDED WEIGHT."

750 INPUT E2

760 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF ADDED WEIGHT"

770 DISP " (CC) .

780 INPUT F2

790 PRINT# 1,3 ; A2 , B2 , C2 , D2 , E2 , F2

800 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF WGHT#2."

810 INPUT A3

820 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF WGHT#2 ( CC )

.

830 INPUT B3

840 DISP "INPUT DENSITY OF WGHT#2 (G/CC)."

850 INPUT C3

860 DISP "INPUT MASS OF ADDED WEIGHT TO"

870 DISP "WGHT# 2 (MG)."

880 INPUT D3

890 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF ADDED WEIGHT."

900 INPUT E3

910 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF ADDED WEIGHT"

920 DISP " (CC) .

930 INPUT F3

940 PRINT# 1,4 ; A3 , B3 , C3 , D3 , E3 , F3

950 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF WGHT#3."

960 INPUT A4

970 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF WGHT#3 ( CC ) .

980 INPUT B4

990 DISP "INPUT DENSITY OF WGHT#3 (G/CC)."

1000 INPUT C4

1010 DISP "INPUT MASS OF ADDED WEIGHT TO"

1020 DISP "WGHT# 3 (MG)."

1030 INPUT D4

1040 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF ADDED WEIGHT."

1050 INPUT E4

1060 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF ADDED WEIGHT"

1070 DISP " (CC) .

1080 INPUT F4

1090 PRINT# 1,5 ; A4 , B4 , C4 , D4 , E4 , F4

1100 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF WGHT#4."

1110 INPUT A5

1120 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF WGHT#4 (CC)."

1130 INPUT B5

1140 DISP "INPUT DENSITY OF WGHT#4 (G/CC)."

1150 INPUT C5

1160 DISP "INPUT MASS OF ADDED WEIGHT TO"

1-170 DISP "WGHT# 4 (MG)."

1180 INPUT D5

1190 DISP "INPUT COEF. OF THERM. EXPANSION OF ADDED WEIGHT."

1200 INPUT E5

42
1210 DISP "INPUT VOLUME OF ADDED WEIGHT"

1220 DISP " (CC) .

1230 INPUT F5

1240 PRINT# 1,6 ; A5 , B5 , C5 , D5 , E5 , F5

1250 GOTO 180

1260 REM

******** EXIT

********

1270 ASSIGN# 1 TO * 1280 SUBEND

43
100 SUB "MEASUR" (X7)

110 REM

120 REM ‘RECORDS BALANCE

130 REM OBSERVATIONS FROM

140 REM THE KEYBOARD.

150 REM

160 REM ‘RECORDS VOLTMETER

170 REM READINGS OF TEMP,

180 REM PRESS, AND REL HUMD.

190 REM

200 REM ‘WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR

210 REM FOR OWM 3/85.

220 REM

230 OPTION BASE 1

240 DIM T(6,5) , P ( 6 , 5 ) ,H(6,5) ,0(6,4) ,T2(6) ,P2(6) ,H2(6)

250 DIM M$ [5] ,X$[2] , Z $ [ 1 3 ] ,Y$[2] ,W$[3]

260 ON X7 GOTO 270,290,310

270 ASSIGN# 1 TO "A MAIN"

280 GOTO 320

290 ASSIGN# 1 TO "B MAIN"

300 GOTO 320

310 ASSIGN# 1 TO "C MAIN"

320 PRINTER IS 2

330 Z$=" INPUT OBSER " 340 W$ =; II II 350 ON KEY# 1, "Ml: M2" GOTO 490

360 ON KEY# 2, "Ml' : M3 " GOTO 510

370 ON KEY# 3, "Ml :M4

GOTO 530

380 ON KEY# 5, "M2: M3" GOTO 550

390 ON KEY# 6, "M2 : M4

GOTO 570

400 ON KEY# 7, "M3:M4" GOTO 590

410 ON KEY# 8, "EXIT" GOTO 1080

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

CLEAR 0 KEY LABEL

DISP USING "4/"

DISP " DISP

DISP

DISP

GOTO

DEPRESS ANY OF THE"

LABELED KEYS BELOW TO"

OBTAIN THE DESIRED"

MEASURMENT FUNCTION."

480

490 M$= "Ml : M20

i

—

1

ii H 0

r~

H

X </> n 2 0 Y$= "M2

500

510

GOTO 600

M$="Ml :M3

0 1 = 2 0 X$= "Ml

0 Y$= "M3

520

530

GOTO 600

M$= "Ml : M40 1=3 0 X$= "Ml

0 Y$="M4

540

550

GOTO 600

M$="M2:M3" 0 1=4 0 X$="M2" 0 Y$="M3

560

570

GOTO 600

M$="M2:M4" 0 1=5 0 X$= "M2

0 Y$="M4

580

590

GOTO 600

M$="M3 :M40 1 = 6 0 X$="M3" 0 Y$="M4

600 CLEAR 0 KEY LABEL

610 DISP HGL$(M$) 0 PRINT HGL$(M$)

620 PRINT USING "/"

630 Q=1 0 GOSUB 930

640 DISP Z$;X$

650 INPUT 0(1,1

)

660 DISP Z $ ; Y$

670 INPUT 0(1,2)

680 DISP Z $ ; Y $ ; W

$

• 690 INPUT 0(1,3)

44
700

710

720

730

740

750

760

770

780

790

800

610

820

830

840

850

660

870

880

890

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

990

1000

1010

1020

1030

1040

1050

1060

1070

3 060

1090

1100

DISP Z$ ; X$ ; W$

INPUT 0(1,4)

Q=2 § GOSUB 930

T1=0 § P1«0 6 H1«0

FOR Q=1 TO 2

T1=T1+T ( I , Q

)

P1=P1+P(I,Q)

H1=H1+H(I,Q)

NEXT Q

Tl=Tl/2 8 Pl=Pl/2 § Hl=Hl/2

T2(I)=84. 02531* T1-. 101

P2( I )=(30*Pl+800)/l. 333224

H2 ( I )=H1/. 02-2.5

FOR J=1 TO 4

PRINT 0(1, J)

NEXT J

PRINT# 1,1+6

PRINT USING

PRINT

PRINT

PRINT

PRINT

GOTO

USING

USING

USING

USING

420

«/,,

T2(I) ' P2(I) ' H2(I ) , °

(

1 , 1 ) r°d, 2) ,0(1,3) ,0(1,4)

"4A,2D.3D" ; " T=",T2(I)

rP2(I)

, H2 (I

)

" 4A , 3D . 3D”

"4A,2D.2D M " 2 /"

ip_ n P="

H= "

REM *** READ

OUTPUT 724 ? OUTPUT 710 ? GOSUB 1050

ENTER 724 ? OUTPUT 710 ; GOSUB 1050

ENTER 724 ; OUTPUT 710

GOSUB 1050

ENTER 724 ; RETURN

WAIT 2000

TRIGGER 724

RETURN

PRINTER

ASSIGN#

SUBEND

AMBIENT ***

"F1RAN5T2

"Cl-1+2-3-4-5-6-7-8

T(I,Q)

"Cl-1-2+3-4-5-6-7-8"

P(IrQ)

? "Cl -1 -2-3+4 -5 -6 -7- 8"

H(I,Q)

IS 701

1 TO * 80

45
100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

7 0

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

490

500

510

520

530

540

550

560

570

580

590

600

610

620

630

640

650

660

670

680

690

SUB "EDITD" ( X7

)

REM

REM * ED ITS MAIN

REM DATA FILES.

REM

REM *WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR

REM FOR OWM 3/85.

REM

OPTION BASE 1

ON X7 GOTO 200,220,240

ASSIGN# 1 TO "A MAIN"

GOTO 260

ASSIGN# 1 TO "B MAIN"

GOTO 260

ASSIGN# 1 TO "C MAIN"

GOTO 260

DIM M(8) ,W(4,6) ,0(6,4) ,H2$[20] ,H3$[8] ,A(7,3)

INTEGER N,L,I,J,K

CLEAR

DISP USING "2/"

"WHICH DATA FILE NEEDS ED I TNG"

"(1 THRU 5)?"

USING "2/"

HEADING/DATE"

CONSTANT DATA"

AMBIENT DATA"

OBSERVATIONS"

EXIT"

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

" 1 ) " 2 ) " 3)

" 4 ) " 5)

USING "/"

INPUT K

IF K<1 OR K>5 THEN GOTO 280

ON K GOTO 430,730,1570,1980,2430

REM * * * * *HEADING/DATE* *****

CLEAR

READ# 1,1 ; N , H2 $ , H3

$

DISP USING "4/"

"WHICH PARAMETER NEEDS EDITNG"

"(1 THRU 3)?"

USING "2/"

" 1) HEADING: "

"

" ; H2 $

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

DISP

2) DATE: ";H3$

3) RETURN"

" 2 /"

NEW HEADING

DISP USING

INPUT K

IF K<1 OR K> 3 THEN GOTO

ON K GOTO 590,640,280

DISP

DISP H2$

DISP "INPUT

INPUT H2

$

GOTO 680

DISP

DISP H3

$

DISP "INPUT

INPUT H3$

N=2

PRINT# 1,1

430

NEW DATE.

N,H2$,H3$

46
700

710

720

730

740

750

760

770

780

790

800

810

820

830

840

850

860

870

880

890

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

990

1000

1010

1020

1030

1040

1050

1060

1070

1080

1090

1100

1110

1120

1130

1140

1150

1160

1170

READ# 1,1 ? N,H2$,H3$

GOTO 430

REM  CONSTANT DATA** ***

CLEAR § CRT OFF

READ# 1,2 ? M(1),M(2),M(3),M(4),M(5),M(6),M(7),M(8)

FOR 1=1 TO 4

READ# 1,1+2 ; W( 1 , 1 ) ,W( 1 , 2 ) ,W( 1 , 3 ) ,W( 1 , 4 ) ,W( 1 , 5 ) ,W(1 , 6 ) NEXT I

CRT ON

CLEAR

DISP USING "/"

DISP "WHICH GROUPING NEEDS EDITING"

DISP "Cl THRU 6)?"

DISP USING "/"

DISP " 1) STANDARDS/SENSITIVITY /"

DISP " INSTR. CORREC."

DISP " 2) WEIGHT #1"

DISP " 3) WEIGHT #2"

DISP " 4) WEIGHT #3"

DISP " 5) WEIGHT #4"

DISP " 6) RETURN"

DISP USING "/"

INPUT K

IF K<1 OR K>6 THEN GOTO 790

ON K GOTO 950,1240,1240,1240,1240,280

CLEAR

DISP USING "3/"

DISP " WHICH PARAMETER NEEDS EDITNG"

DISP " (1 THRU 9)?"

DISP USING "/"

DISP USING 1010 ; "1) MASS WT#1 (MG): ",M(1)

IMAGE 19A,K

DISP USING 1030 ; "2) MASS WT#2 (MG): ",M(2)

IMAGE 19A,K

DISP "3) BALANCE S.D. (MG): n ?M(3)

DISP n 4 ) MASS SEN WT (MG):"?M(4)

DISP "5) VOL SEN WT (MG): "?M(5)

DISP "6) TEMP CORREC (DEG C): "?M(6)

DISP "7) PRESS CORREC (MM HG ) : " ?M(7)

DISP "8) HUM CORREC (%): " ;M(8)

DISP "9) RETURN"

DISP USING "/"

INPUT K

IF K<1 OR K> 9 THEN GOTO 950

IF K=9 THEN GOTO 790

DISP

DISP M(K)

DISP "INPUT NEW VALUE."

1180 INPUT M (K

)

1190 CRT OFF

1200 PRINT# 1,2 ? M(1),M(2),M(3),M(4),M(5),M(6),M(7),M(8)

1210 READ# 1,2 ; M ( 1 ) ,M ( 2 ) ,M( 3 ) ,M( 4 ) ,M( 5 ) ,M( 6 ) ,M( 7 ) ,M ( 8

)

1220 CRT ON @ CLEAR

1230 GOTO 950

1240 K=K-1

1250 CLEAR

1260 DISP USING "3/"

1270 DISP "WHICH PARAMETER NEEDS EDITING"

1280 DISP "(1 THRU 7)?"

1290 DISP USING "2/"

47
1300

1310

1320

1330

1340

1350

1360

1370

1380

1390

1400

1410

1420

1430

1440

1450

1460

1470

1480

1490

1500

1510

1520

1530

1540

1550

1560

1570

1580

1590

1600

1610

1620

1630

1640

1650

1660

1670

1680

1690

1700

1710

1720

1730

1740

1750

1760

1770

1780

1790

1800

1810

1820

1830

1840

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

DISP USING 1310 ; "1) THERM COEF WT# ",K,":",W(K,

IMAGE X , 17A , K , A , X , K

DISP USING 1330 ; "2) VOL OF WT#",K,":" f W(K,2)

IMAGE X f 13A,K,A,X,K

DISP USING 1350 ; "3) DEN OF WT# " , K

, ": " , W ( K , 3

)

IMAGE X, 13A,K,A,X,K

DISP USING 1370 ; ”4) MASS OF ADD WT:",W(K,4)

IMAGE X,18A,X,K

DISP USING 1390 ; "5) THERM COEF ADD WT:",W(K,5)

IMAGE X r 21A,X,K

DISP USING 1410 ; "6) VOL OF ADD WT:",W(K,6)

IMAGE X,17A,X,K

DISP " 7) RETURN"

DISP USING "/"

INPUT L

IF L<1 OR L>7 THEN GOTO 1260

IF L=7 THEN GOTO 790

DISP

DISP W ( K , L

)

DISP "INPUT NEW VALUE"

INPUT W (K , L ) CRT OFF @ CLEAR

PRINT# 1 , K+2 ; W ( K , 1 ) , W ( K , 2

)

f W ( K , 3 ) , W ( K , 4 ) , W ( K ,

5

READ# 1 , K+2 \ W(K,1),W(K,2),W(K,3),W(K,4),W(K,5)

CRT ON

GOTO 1250

REM *****AMBIENT DATA*****

CLEAR @ CRT OFF

FOR 1=1 TO 6

READ# 1,1+6 ; A(I,1) ,A(I,2) ,A(I,3) ,0(1,1) ,0(1,2)

NEXT I

CRT ON

CLEAR

DISP USING "2/"

DISP "WHICH DATA POINT NEEDS EDITING"

DISP "(1 THRU 7)?"

DISP USING "/"

T$=HGL$ ( "T"

)

P$=HGL$ ( "P"

)

R$=HGL$ ( "RH"

)

DISP USING 1710 ; T$,P$,R$

IMAGE 8X,A,7X,A,6X,2A,2/

FOR 1=1 TO 6

DISP USING 1740 ; I

, "

) " , A ( I , 1 )

, A ( I , 2 ), A ( I , 3

)

IMAGE 2X,K,A,2X,DZ.2D,2X,2DZ.3D,2X,DZ.D

NEXT I

DISP USING "/"

DISP " 7) RETURN"

INPUT K

IF K<1 OR K>7 THEN GOTO 1620

IF K=7 THEN GOTO 280

DISP

DISP USING 1830 ; K

, ") " , A (K , 1 ) , A (K , 2 ) , A (K, 3

)

IMAGE X,K,A,X,K,4X,K,4X,K

DISP "WHICH VALUE NEEDS EDITING"

DISP "(1,2,3)?"

INPUT L

IF L<1 OR L> 3 THEN GOTO 1810

DISP

DISP A ( K , L

)

) , W ( K , 6 )

, W ( K , 6 )

, 0 ( 1 , 3 )

,

0 ( 1 , 4 )

48
1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

2090

2100

2110

2120

2130

2140

2150

2160

2170

2180

'2190

>2200

12210

>2220

!22 30

12240

2250

2260

2270

2280

2290

2300

2310

2320

2330

2340

2350

2360

2370

2380

2390

2400

2410

2420

2430

2440

DISP "INPUT NEW VALUE"

INPUT A(K f L)

CRT OFF

PRINT# l,K+6 ; A(K,1),A(K,2),A(K,3),0(K,1),0(K,2),0(K,3),0(K,4)

READ# 1 , K+6 ? A(K,l),A(K,2),A(K,3),0(K,l),0(K f 2),0(K,3),0(K,4)

CRT ON @ CLEAR

GOTO 1630

REM *****OBSERVATIONS*****

CLEAR @ CRT OFF

FOR 1=1 TO 6

READ# 1,1+6 ? A(I,1) ,A(I,2) ,A(I,3) ,0(1,1) ,0(1,2) ,0(1,3) ,0(1,4)

NEXT I

CRT ON

CLEAR

DISP USING "/"

DISP "WHICH COMPARISON NEEDS EDITING"

DISP "(1 THRU 7)?"

DISP USING n j

n DISP n 1) WGHT#1 - WGHT# 2"

DISP H 2) WGHT# 1 - WGHT# 3"

DISP n 3) WGHT# 1 - WGHT# 4"

DISP »t 4) WGHT# 2 - WGHT# 3"

DISP n 5) WGHT# 2 - WGHT# 4"

DISP it 6) WGHT# 3 - WGHT# 4"

DISP ti 7) RETURN"

DISP USING »t /

ii INPUT K

IF K<1 OR K>7 . THEN GOTO 2030

IF K=7 THEN GOTO 280

CLEAR

DISP USING "4/"

DISP "WHICH PARAMETER NEEDS EDITING"

DISP "(1 THRU 5)?"

DISP USING "2/"

FOR 1=1 TO 4

DISP USING 2260 ; I

, ") " ,0 (K , I

)

IMAGE 6X , K , A , X ,

NEXT I

DISP " 5) RETURN"

DISP USING "2/"

INPUT L

IF L<1 OR L> 5 THEN GOTO 2190

IF L=5 THEN GOTO 2030

DISP

DISP O ( K , L

)

DISP "INPUT NEW VALUE"

INPUT O ( K , L

)

CRT OFF @ CLEAR

PRINT# 1 ,K+6 ; A (K , 1 ) , A (K , 2 ) , A (K , 3 ) ,0 (K , 1 ) ,0 (K , 2 ) ,0 (K , 3 ) ,0 (K, 4 ) READ# 1 ,K+6 ; A (K , 1 )

, A (K , 2 ) , A (K , 3 ) ,0 (K , 1 ) ,0 (K , 2 ) ,0 (K , 3 ) ,0 (K, 4

)

CRT ON

GOTO 2190

REM ******** EXIT ********

ASSIGN# 1 TO * SUBEND

49
100 SUB "ANALY" (X7)

110 REM

120 REM *COMPUTES TRUE MASS

130 REM USING FOUR l'S SERIES

140 REM

150 REM *DERIVED FROM FTN77

160 REM PROGRAM BY C L CARROLL

170 REM AND R S DAVIS.

180 REM

190 REM *WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR

200 REM FOR OWM 3/85.

210 REM

220 OPTION BASE 1

230 REAL A(7,3),B(6),C(4,2),D(4),E(4,4),F(4,6),G(6),H(6),0(6),P(4)

240 REAL Q(6) ,R(6) ,S(6) ,T(6) ,V(4,2 ) ,W(4) ,Y(4) ,Z(4 ) ,A5,B5,B1,T1

250 REAL V2,F5,M5,Ml,M2,M3,M4,01(5) ,Q3 ,D1 , SI , S2 , S3 ,V1 ( 6

)

f Xl,Yl f Hl

260 REAL T2,R2,T4,Q1,Q2,Z1,T3,R3

270 INTEGER LI ( 7 , 4 ) , L2 ( 7 , 4 ) , M( 6 , 6 )

, N,L3 ( 7 , 4 ) ,L4(7,4) , L( 7 , 4

)

280 DIM H2$ [ 20 ] ,H3$[8

j

290 FOR 1=1 TO 4

300 FOR J=1 TO 7

310 READ L1(J,I)

320 NEXT J

330 NEXT I

340 FOR 1=1 TO 4

350 FOR J=1 TO 7

360 READ L2 ( J r I

)

370 NEXT J

380 NEXT I

390 FOR 1=1 TO 4

400 FOR J=1 TO 7

410 READ L3 ( J,I

)

420 NEXT J

430 NEXT I

440 FOR 1=1 TO 4

450 FOR J=1 TO 7

460 READ L4 ( J f I

)

470 NEXT J

480 NEXT I

490 DATA 0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 4,-2, -1,-1, 1,1, 0,4

500 DATA -1,-2, -1 , -1,0,1, 4,-1, -1,-2, 0, -1,-1,

4

510 DATA 2, 1,1, -1,-1, 0,4, -2, -1,-1, 1,1, 0,4

520 DATA 0,-3, -1,-3, -1,2, 4, 0,-1, -3, -1,-3, -2,

4

530 DATA 3, 3, 2, 0,-1, -1,4, -3, 0,-1, 3, 2, -1,4

540 DATA 0,-3, -1,-3, -1,2, 4, 0,0, -4, 0,-4, -4,

4

550 DATA 1,1, 1,0, 0,0, 1,-1, 0,0, 1,1, 0,1

560 DATA 0,-1, 0,-1, 0,1, 1,0, 0,-1, 0,-1, -1,1

570 FOR 1=1 TO 6

580 FOR J=1 TO 6

590 READ M ( J , I

)

600 NEXT J

610 NEXT I

620 DATA 4, -2, -2, 2, 2, 0,-2, 4, -2, -2, 0,2, -2, -2, 4, 0,-2, -2

630 DATA 2, -2, 0,4, -2, 2, 2, 0,-2, -2, 4, -2, 0,2, -2, 2, -2,

4

640 FOR 1=1 TO 4

650 FOR J=1 TO 4

660 READ E ( J , I

)

670 NEXT J

680 NEXT I

690 DATA 0,. 5,. 5,. 5,. 125,. 125,. 375,. 375,. 166666666667,. 166666666667,. 1666666666*

50
7

700 DATA .333333333333, .1875, .1875, .1875, .1875

710 F5=3 . 7 8

720 A5=3

730 P ( 1 )=4

740 P ( 2

) =8

750 P ( 3 )=12

760 P( 4 )=4

770 ON X7 GOTO 780,800,820

780 ASSIGN# 1 TO "A MAIN"

790 GOTO 840

800 ASSIGN# 1 TO "B MAIN"

810 GOTO 840

820 ASSIGN# 1 TO "C MAIN"

830 GOTO 840

840 READ# 1,1 ? N , H2$ , H3$

850 READ# 1,2 ; Ml ,M2 ,B5 ,S3 ,S2 ,T1 ,B1 ,H1

860 M3 = 0

870 M4=0

880 FOR 1=1 TO 4

890 READ# 1,1+2 ; C ( I , 1 ) , V ( I , 1 ) ,D ( I ) , W ( I ) , C ( I , 2 ) , V ( I , 2

)

900 NEXT I

910 T2=0

920 R2=0

930 PRINT USING 940 ; H2$,H3$

940 IMAGE 30X,20A,20X,8A,3/

950 PRINT USING 960 ; "OBS l","OBS 2","OBS 3","OBS 4

"

, "MG/DV" , "DRIFT"

960 IMAGE 5X,K,5X,K,5X,K,5X,K,7X,K,6X,K,/

970 FOR 1=1 TO 6

980 READ# 1,1+6 ; T ( I ) , B ( I ) , H ( I ) , 01 ( 1 ) , 01 ( 2 ) , 01 ( 3 ) , 01 ( 4

)

590 T ( I

) =T ( I ) +T1

1000 T2=T2+T ( I

)

1OI0 B ( I ) =B ( I ) +B1

1020 H ( I

) =H ( I ) +H1 • 1030 V1(I)=0

1040 R ( I

) =0

1050 X2=V1 ( I

)

1060 X3=R ( I ) 1070 X4=T ( I

)

1080 X5=B ( I

)

1090 X6=H ( I

UOd CALL "SUBRHO "

( X4 , X5 , X6 , X2 , X3 ) 1110 VI ( I

) =X2

1120 R ( I

) =X3

1130 R2=R2+R ( I

)

1140 T ( I

) =T ( I

) -2

1150 Sl=01 ( 1

) -01 (4 )+3*(01(3)-01(2) ) 1160 S ( I )=2* ( S3-R ( I

) *S2 ) /SI

1170 A ( I , 1

) = ( 01 ( 1

) -01 ( 2) -01 ( 3 ) +01 ( 4 )

) *S ( I ) /2

1180 G ( I )= ( -01 ( 1 ) +01 ( 2

) -01 ( 3 ) +01 ( 4 ) ) /2

1190 G ( I )=G ( I

) *S ( I

)

1200 PRINT USING 1210 ; Ol ( 1 ) , 01 ( 2 ) , 01 ( 3 ) , 01 ( 4 )

, S ( I ) , G ( I

)

1210 IMAGE X,4 (M4DZ.3D) , 2X , M2DZ . 5D , 2X , M2DZ . 3D

1220 NEXT I

-l 2 3 0 Q(1 )=W(1 )-W(2 ) 1240 Q(2)=W(1)-W(3) S1

1250 Q ( 3

) =W ( 1

) -W ( 4

)

1260 Q(4)=W(2)-W(3)

1270 Q ( 5

) =W ( 2

) -W ( 4

)

1280 Q ( 6

) =W ( 3

) —W ( 4 )
1290 FOR 1=1 TO 2

1300 F(I,1)=V(1,I)*(1+C(1,I)*T(1) )-V(2,I)*(l+C(2,' )*T(1)

)

1310 F (

I

r 2

) =V (

1

r I

) * ( 1 +C ( 1 , 1

) * T ( 2 ) ) -V ( 3 , 1 ) * ( 1 +C ( 3 , 1 ) * T ( 2 ) ) 1320 F (

I

r 3 )=V (

1

r I

) * ( 1+C ( 1 , 1) *T ( 3 )

) “V ( 4 , 1 ) * ( 1+C ( 4 r I

) *T ( 3 )

)

1330 F(I,4)=V(2,I)*(1+C(2,I)*T(4 )

) -V ( 3 , I

) * ( 1+C ( 3 , I

) *T ( 4 )

)

134 0 F ( 1 , 5

) =V ( 2 , 1 ) M 1 +C ( 2 , 1

) * T ( 5 ) ) -V ( 4 , 1

) * ( 1 +C ( 4 , 1 ) * T ( 5 )

)

1350 F(I,6)=V(3,I)*(1+C(3,I)*T(6) ) -V ( 4 , I

) * ( 1+C ( 4 , I

) *T ( 6 )

)

1360 NEXT I

1370 FOR 1=1 TO 6

1380 A(I,2)=A(I,1)+R(I)*(F(1,I)+F(2, I) )-Q(I)

1390 NEXT I

1400 A( 7 r 2 )=M1

1410 IF N=2 THEN A ( 7 , 2 )=Ml+M2

1420 A (

1

r 3

) =M1- ( A ( 1 , 2 ) +R ( 1

) *V ( 2 , 1) * ( 1+C ( 2 , 1) *T ( 1 ) )

)

1430 A(2,3)=M1-(A(2,2)+R(2)*V(3,1)*(1+C(3,1)*T(2) ) 1440 A(3,3)=M1-(A(3,2)+R(3)*V(4,1)*(1+C(4,1)*T(3) )

)

14 50 A ( 4 , 3 ) =M2 - ( A ( 4 r 2 ) +R ( 4

) *V ( 3 f 1

) * ( 1 +C ( 3 , 1

) * T ( 4 ) )

)

1460 A(5,3)=M2-(A(5,2)+R(5)*V(4,1)*(1+C(4,1)*T(5) ) 1470 A ( 6 , 3

) =0

1480 PRINT USING 1490

1490 IMAGE //

1500 PRINT USING 1510 ; "TEMP" , "BARO" , "HUM" , "VAP" , "RHO" , "DV" , "RHO*DV"

1510 IMAGE 6X,K r 5X,K,5X f K,6X,K,6X,K,8X,K,7X / K,/

1520 FOR 1=1 TO 6

1530 T4=T ( I ) +2

0

1540 V2=F (1,1) +F (2,1)

1550 D1=R ( I

) *V2

1560 PRINT USING 1570 ; T4 r B ( I

)

r H ( I ) , VI ( I

)

r R ( I

)

f V2 ,D1

1570 IMAGE 3X r M2DZ .2D,X,M4DZ.2D r M4DZ.lD,M3DZ.2D,X,M2DZ.4D,M4DZ.4DfX f M4DZ.3D

1580 NEXT I

1590 PRINT USING 1600

1600 IMAGE 2/

1610 PRINT USING 1620 ; "BAL DIFF","MASS IN AIR" , "A" , "DELTA"

1620 IMAGE 6X,K,5X,K,13X,K f 12X,K,/

1630 Q3=0

1640 FOR 1=1 TO 6

1650 X1=0

1660 FOR J=1 TO 6

1670 X1=X1+M (J,I)*A(J,2)

1680 NEXT J

1690 0(1) =Xl/8

1700 Q3=Q3+0(I)"2

1710 PRINT USING 1720 ; A ( I , 1 ) , A ( I , 3 ) , A ( I , 2 ) ,0 ( I

)

1720 IMAGE 5X,M2DZ.3D,2X,M9DZ.3D,X,M9DZ.3D,4X,M5DZ.3D

1730 NEXT I

1740 PRINT USING 1750

1750 IMAGE 2/

1760 PRINT USING 1770 ; "DENSITY "

, "TM" , "SD" f "V AT 20"

1770 IMAGE 7X,K,9X,K,17X r K,10X,K,/

1780 FOR 1=1 TO 4

1790 Y1=0

1800 FOR J=1 TO 7

' 1810 IF N=1 THEN L ( J r I ) =L1 ( J , I

)

1820 IF N=2 THEN L ( J , I

) =L2 ( J , I

)

1830 Y1=Y1+L (J,I)*A(J,2)

1840 NEXT J 52

1850 Y ( I

) =Y1/P ( N

)

1860 V (

I

r 1 ) =Y (I)*.001/D(I)

1870 IF E ( I , N ) =0 THEN 1910

1880 Z(I)=SQR(B5"2*E(I,N)

)
m — ri ^

1 1900 GOTO 1920

1910 Z(I)=0

11920 PRINT USING 1930 ; D ( I ) , Y ( I ) , Z ( I ) ,V ( 1 , 1

)

1930 IMAGE 4X,M2DZ.5D,X,M9DZ.3D, ,X f M9DZ . 3D, 3X f M5DZ . 5D

1940 NEXT I

1950 Q1=SQR(Q3/A5)

I960 Q2=Q3/A5/B5~2

L970 PRINT USING 1980

L980 IMAGE 2/

L990 PRINT USING 2000 ? "ACC SD" f "OBS SD","F RATIO" , "F TEST" r "DF"

2000 IMAGE 7X,K,8X,K,6X,K,6X,K,9X,K,/

2010 PRINT .USING 2020 ; B5 , Q1 ,Q2 , F5 , A5

2020 IMAGE 2 (M7DZ . 3D ,X ) , 3X,M3DZ . 3D , 3X,M4DZ . 2D , 10X ,D

2030 IF ABS (Q2 ) <=3 . 78 THEN GOTO 2050

L040 PRINT ****** WARNING ***** F RATIO IS NOT IN CONTROL."

2050 PRINT USING 1980

>060 IF N=1 THEN M5=M2

>070 IF N=2 THEN M5=M1-M2

>080 IF N=1 THEN Y1=Y(2)

>090 IF N=2 THEN Y1=Y(1)-Y(2)

>095 IF N=2 THEN Z ( 2 )=SQR (B5~2* . 5

)

2100 Z1=(Y1-M5 )/Z (2

)

2110 T3=T2/6

2120 R3=R2/6

2130 PRINT USING 2140 ? "ACC DIFF","OBS DIFF" , "T TEST" , "MEAN TEMP" , "MEAN RHO"

2140 IMAGE 7X,K,6X,K,7X,K,4X,K,4X,K,/

2150 PRINT USING 2160 ; M5 , Y1 , Z1 , T3 , R3

2160 IMAGE 3X,2(M6DZ.3D,2X),X,M4DZ.3D r 3X,M3DZ.2D,3X,M3DZ.4D

2170 IF ABS ( Z 1 ) <=3 THEN GOTO 2190

2180 PRINT "***** WARNING ***** T TEST IS NOT IN CONTROL."

2190 ASSIGN# 1 TO *

1220 0 SUBEND

53
100 SUB "SUBRHO" ( T1 , PI , R1 , V , R2

)

110 REM

120 REM *CALCULATES BOUYANCY

130 REM CORRECTION.

140 REM

150 REM *DERIVED FROM FTN77

160 REM PROGRAM BY R S DAVIS

170 REM

180 REM *WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR

190 REM FOR OWM 3/85

200 REM

210 P2=.043

220 A3= ( 28. 9635+12. 011* (P2/100-. 0004 ) ) * .001

230 R=8. 31441

240 C2=A3/R

250 T=273 . 15+T1

260 P=P1*13. 5951*9. 80665

270 A= .000012811805

280 C=34. 04926034

290 B=- .019509874 . 300 D=-6353 .6311

310 P3=EXP(A*T*T+B*T+C+D/T)

320 A4=l. 00062

330 B2=. 0000000314

340 G=. 00000056

350 F=A4+B2 *P+G*T1 *T1

360 H=R1/100

370 X=H*F*P3/P

380 V=X*P1

390 A0=. 00000162419

400 A2 = l . 0 8 8E-1

410 B0=. 000005757 ’ 420 C0=. 00019297

430 D0=1 . 7 3E-11

440 Al=-. 000000028969

450 Bl=-. 00000002589

460 Cl=-. 000002285

470 E=-. 00000001034

480 Z = l-P/T* ( A0+A1 *T1+A2 *T1 *T1+ ( B0+B1 *T1 ) *X+ ( C0+C1*T1 )*X*X)+P^2/T^2* ( D0+E*X*X

)

490 R2=C2*P/(T*Z)*(1-.378*X)

500 SUBEND

54
LOO SUB "PRINTM" (X7)

LlO REM

.20 REM * PRINTS CONTENTS OF THE

! .30 REM MAIN DATA FILE.

1.40 REM

I

!. 5 0 REM *WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR

(.60 REM FOR OWM 3/85.

70 REM

80 ON X7 GOTO 190,210,230

90 ASSIGN# 1 TO "A MAIN”

00 GOTO 250

10 ASSIGN#.

TO "B MAIN"

20 GOTO 250

30 ASSIGN# 1 TO "C MAIN"

40 GOTO 250

50 DIM H2$[20] ,H3$[8] ,T$[24]

60 READ# 1,1 ; N,H2$,H3$

70 PRINT USING "6/1 " 80 T$="**** MAIN DATA FILE

***"

)90 PRINT USING "25X, 24A, 2/" ; T$

00 PRINT USING 330 ; N,H2$,H3$

10 PRINT USING 320

20 IMAGE /

130 IMAGE D,5X,20A,30X,8A

140 READ# 1,2 ; A , B , C ,D , E , F ,G ,H

50 PRINT USING 360 ; A, B , C ,D ,E ,F ,G ,

60 IMAGE 2(6DZ.3D,2X) , Z . 3D , X , 2DZ . 5D , X , DZ . 5D , X , 3 ( DZ . 3D , X

)

70 PRINT USING 320

80 FOR 1=1 TO 4

90 READ# 1,1+2 ; A,B,C,D,E,F

00 PRINT USING 410 ; A,B,C,D,E,F

10 IMAGE Z.6D,3X,2DZ.4D,3X,2DZ.5D,3X,5DZ.6D,3X,Z.6D,3X,DZ.5D

20 NEXT I

130 PRINT USING 32 0

40 FOR 1=1 TO 6

50 READ# 1,1+6 ; A , B , C , D , E , F ,

G

50 PRINT USING 470 ; A , B , C , D , E , F ,

G

70 IMAGE 8 ( M2DZ . 3D , 2X

)

30 NEXT I

30 ASSIGN# 1 TO * • DO SUBEND

55
100 REM PROGRAM "TRANSD"

110 REM

120 REM * TRANSFERS DATA FILE

130 REM FROM AN OLD TAPE TO

140 REM A NEW TAPE CARTRIDGE.

150 REM

160 REM *WRITTEN BY J TAYLOR

170 REM FOR OWM 3/85.

180 REM

190 OPTION BASE 1

200 DISP "INPUT NAME OF THE DATA FILE."

210 INPUT A$

220 ASSIGN# 1 TO A$

230 DIM H2$[20] ,H3$[8] ,A(11) ,B(11) ,C(11) ,D(11) ,E(11) ,F(11) ,G(11) ,H(11)

240 INTEGER N

250 READ# 1,1 ; N,H2$,H3$

260 READ# 1,2 ; A ( 1 ) , B ( 1 ) , C ( 1 ) ,D ( 1 ) , E ( 1 ) , F ( 1 ) , G ( 1 ) , H ( 1

)

270 FOR 1=1 TO 4

280 READ# 1,1+2 ; A ( 1+1 ) , B ( 1+1 ) , C ( 1+1 ) ,D ( 1+1 ) , E ( 1+1 ) , F ( 1+1

)

290 NEXT I

300 FOR 1=1 TO 6

310 READ# 1,1+6 ; A ( 1+5 ) , B ( 1+5 ) , C ( 1+5 ) , D ( 1+5 ) , E ( 1+5 )

, F ( 1+5 ) , G ( 1+5

)

320 NEXT I

330 ASSIGN# 1 TO * 340 CLEAR

350 DISP

360 DISP

370 DISP

380 DISP

390 DISP " 400 DISP

410 DISP " 420 DISP

430 DISP " 440 DISP " 450 DISP

460 DISP " 470 PAUSE

480 CREATE A$,12,80

490 ASSIGN# 1 TO A$

500 PRINT# 1,1 ; N,H2$,H3$

510 PRINT# 1,2 ; A(l) , B ( 1 ) ,C(1) ,D(1) ,E(1) ,F(1) ,G(1) ,H(1)

520 FOR 1=1 TO 4

530 PRINT# 1,1+2 ; A ( 1+1 ) , B ( 1+1 ) , C ( 1+1 ) , D ( 1+1 ) , E ( 1+1 ) , F ( 1+1

)

540 NEXT I

550 FOR 1=1 TO 6

560 PRINT# 1,1+6 ;

' A ( 1 + 5 ) ,B(I+5) ,C(I+5) ,D(I+5) ,E(I+5) ,F(I+5) ,G(I+5)

570 NEXT I

580 ASSIGN# 1 TO * 590 CLEAR

6 C ^ CAT

610 END

1)

REMOVE OLD TAPE.”

2) INSERT NEW TAPE."

3

)

PURGE DATA FILE IN NEW"

TAPE, IF NECESSARY."

4

)

RESUME BY PRESSING CONT."

56
Appendix III.

Once a laboratory has recorded a complete set of data onto the tape

cartridge an analysis of this information can begin and the 80-column

printer will automatically generate a single page of tabulated results

followed by a one-half page printout of the information stored in the data

file. A sample of this output is shown in table 1 using data stored in

one of the three data files, table 2. The assigned true mass values, TM,

of each kilogram are located in the fourth row, second column of the

printout. Where the first two of four values in this group correspond to

assigned true mass values of the laboratory standards, and the third and

fourth values in this group are the true mass values assigned to the

"unknown" artifacts (A1-S2, R2-H2, or Al-TE).

The following is a brief description of each quality found in this report:

OBS (x) - Refers to each of the four balance observations of the double

substitution weighing. Observations are usually read in milligrams;

however, the NIST balance with its servo generates values in volts. The

nature of substitution weighing with a sensitivity weight is that the

observations may be of an arbitrary scale but in the data reduction the

proper unit is established.

MG/DV - The value assigned to the balance optical scale divisions from

weighing a sensitivity weight.

\ DRIFT - Linear shift (mg) between balance observations.

TEMP - Average temperature (°C) obtained from automatic readings taken

before and after a double substitution weighing.

BARO - Average barometric pressure (mm Hg) obtained from automatic

readings taken before and after a double substitution weighing.

HUM - Average relative humidity (%) obtained from automatic readings taken

before and after a double substitution weighing.

VAP - Vapor pressure (mm Hg) of water.

RHO - Computed air density (mg/cm^) derived by subprogram SUBRHO. This

calculation is based on the work of Jones [5].

DV - Difference in volume (cm^) between kilograms compared in the double

substitution weighing.

RHO*DV - Mass (mg) correction that arises from the difference in buoyant

forces acting upon the two kilograms.

BAL DIFF - Difference in the observed readings (mg) between two kilograms.

This mass difference includes any tare weight that may be added to the

kilograms, but corrections due to the effects of air buoyancy are not

applied to this group of weights.

57
MASS IN AIR - Assigned mass (mg) without buoyancy corrections, of the

"unknown" kilogram or the check standard with respect to the laboratory

standard used in the double substitution weighing.

A - Difference in the observed readings (mg) between two kilograms. In

this calculation the mass of all added tare weights have been removed and

the appropriate air buoyancy correction applied to each artifact.

DELTA - Residuals (mg) obtained when fitting the data using the method of

least squares.

DENSITY - Density (g/cm^) of each kilogram based on hydrostatic

measurement

.

TM - The mass (mg) of each kilogram.

SD - The measurement estimate of standard deviation (mg) for each

kilogram

.

O V AT 20 - Volume (cmJ

) of each kilogram at 20 degrees Celsius. This group

of values is derived from the computed true mass values and densities of

the kilograms.

ACC SD - Accepted standard deviation (mg) of the balance.

OBS SD - The observed estimate of standard deviation (mg) of the balance

as determined for each weighing series by the least squares adjustments.

F RATIO - Examines the precision of the weighing series using the equation

where

,

F ratio (OBS SD),2

(ACC SD) 2

OBS SD = observed standard deviation of the balance, and

ACC SD = accepted standard deviation of the balance.

F TEST - Has a constant value equal to 3.78 (the critical value) and is

compared to the weighing series F ratio. A warning is printed if the

absolute value of F ratio is greater than the F test. The value 3.78 is

based on the number of degrees of freedom in OBS SD (3) and ACC SD («)

.

DF - Degrees of freedom.

ACC DIFF - The accepted difference in mass (mg) of the two laboratory

standards

.

OBS DIFF - The measured difference in mass (mg) of the two laboratory

standards

.

58
t-TEST - Examines the difference in mass between the two standards using

the equations below. However, the equation used here ignores the random

uncertainty associated with the standards. In a calibration laboratory,

the random uncertainty is small due to averaging over a large pool of

data

t- test

(ACC DIFF) - (OBS DIFF)

S

and

2

V2

S = [(ACC SD)V2]

where

,

ACC DIFF = accepted difference between the two laboratory standards

,

OBS DIFF = observed difference between the two laboratory standards

,

and

ACC SD = accepted standard deviation of the balance.

MEAN TEMP - Average temperature (°C) of the six double substitutions.

O MEAN RHO - Average air density (mg/cmJ

) of the six double substitutions.

59
Table 1. Printout of results derived from data file in table 2.

SAMPLE DATA 2/5/86

OBS 1 OBS 2 OBS 3 OBS 4 MG/DV DRIFT

22.600 24.270 43.900 42.440 1.02418 0.108

22.850 21.080 40.690 42.560 1.02235 0.051

22.980 21.850 41.460 42.730 1.02339 0.072

24.660 21.350 40.960 44.300 1.02052 0.015

24.680 21.900 41.560 44.280 1.01560 -0.030

21.480 21.940 41.520 41.120 1.02287 0.031

TEMP BARO HUM VAP RHO DV RHO*DV

23.66 743.43 38.8 8.56 1.1586 -0.2398 -0.278

23.67 743.44 38.8 8.55 1.1587 -232.1703 -269.005

23.67 743.47 38.8 8.56 1.1587 67.3729 78.063

23.67 743.48 38.8 8.56 1.1587 -231.9306 -268.730

23.68 743.47 38.8 8.56 1.1586 67.6128 78.339

23.68 743.48 38.8 8.57 1.1587 299.5435 347.067

BAL DIFF MASS IN AIR A DELTA

-1.603 999865.689 -1.881 -0.028

1.861 999862.223 -267.144 0.067

1.228 999857.860 84.287 -0.038

3.393 999862.238 -265.337 0.021

2.793 999857.848 86.128 -0.049

-0.440 0.000 351.623 0.088

DENSITY TM SD V AT 20

7.85030 1000011.691 0.018 127.38516

7.83556 1000013.543 0.018 127.62503

2.78252 1000278.901 0.031 359.48669

16.65790 999927.366 0.031 60.02722

ACC SD OBS SD F RATIO F TEST DF

0.050 0.076 2.306 3.78 3

ACC DIFF OBS DIFF T TEST MEAN TEMP MEAN RHO

-1.828 -1.852 -0.688 23.67 1.1587

60
Table 2. Printout of data file used to generate results in

table 9.

**** main DATA FILE ****

2 SAMPLE DATA 2/5/86

1000011.703 1000013.531 0.050 20.00570 0.00741 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000045 127.3852 7.85030 0 . 000000 0.000000 0.00000

0.000045 127.6250 7.83556 0 . 000000 0.000000 0.00000

0.000069 359.4856 2.78252 0 . 000000 0.000000 0.00000

0.000020 60.0271 16.65790 4. 995900 0.000069 0.00185

23.663 743.428 38.847 22.600 24.270 43.900 42.440

23.666 743.444 38.792 22.850 21.080 40.690 42.560

23.670 743.467 38.846 22.980 21.850 41.460 42.730

23.673 743.476 38.847 24.660 21.350 40.960 44.300

23.676 743.469 38.846 24.680 21.900 41.560 44.280

23.679 743.484 38.847 21.480 21.940 41.520 41.120

61
NBS-114A (rev. 2 »ac) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

NISTIR 88-3876

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date

NOVEMBER 1988

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

An Investigation of a User-Operated Mass Calibration Package

5. AUTHOR(S)

Randall M. Schoonover and James E. Taylor

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City, State, ZIP)

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

j J Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. I f document includes a significant

bi bl iography or literature survey, mention it here)

Reported here are the results of two round-robin mass measurement programs. The

first round-robin elucidated the many technical problems that required solutions

before successful mass calibrations could be performed in all of the participant

laboratories. This report details the technical innovations i.e., thermal

conditioning of the kilogram weights, balance servo control, automatic data

acquisition, the measurement of some air density parameters, computer software,

and presents the results. We believe the results clearly indicate we could, in

the future, successfully calibrate mass standards at locations remote from the NBS

laboratory while maintaining the rigor necessary for certification.

12.

KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) air buoyancy ; balance servo; computer— control ; mass; software; surf ace—effects

;

temperature control; thermal— conditioning ; thermal-effects; weighing

13. AVAILABILITY

f xl Unlimited

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

| | Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

[XD Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

64

15. Price

$13.95

USCOMM-DC 6043*P8C