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NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R I.C.

A1 11 0308864-

Unlted States. Natio/Building technology QC100 .U57 N0.457 C.4 NBS-PUB-C 1976 '

hnology Publications

3: 1978
Cover photo courtesy of '

U.S. Department of

Housing and Urban Development

I
BUILDING '

, ^ TECHNOLOGY acjoo

PUBLICATIONS

Supplement 3: 1978 S^H'^

c . 1—

JoAnne R. Debelius, Editor

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

July 1979

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Jordan Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-600099

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 457-3

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 457-3, 106 pages (July 1979)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1979

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $4

Stock Number 003-003-02096-6
This report presents the National Bureau of Standards'

Center for Building Technology (CBT) publications for

calendar year 1978. It is the third supplement to NBS

Special Publication 457, Building Technology Publications 1965-

1975, and list all CBT documents issued during the period

from January 1, 1978 to December 31, 1978. It includes titles and abstracts of each NBS publication and papers published

in non-NBS media; key word and other indexes; and general

information and instructions on how to order CBT publications.

This report provides the means of communicating the results

of CBT research to its various technical audiences, as well as

to the general public. Publications constitute a major end

product to CBT's efforts and, in 1978, appeared in several

NBS publications series (Building Science Series, Technical

Notes, Special Publications, Handbooks and NBS Interagency

Reports) as well as non—NBS published media such as the

technical and trade publications. NBS publication abbreviations are: BSS - Building Science Series

TN - Technical Note

SP - Special Publication

H - Handbook

NBSIR - National Bureau of Standards Interagency Report

OCR - Government Contract Report

This document is divided into three main sections. The first Titles and Abstracts, provides report titles, author(s), date of

publication, selected key words, and abstracts of NBS technical reports and papers published in outside sources. The

Author Index cites each CBT author and gives the publication

title and/ or number of those documents Usted in this supplement. The Key Word Index is a subject index, listing one-word

summaries of the building research topics for each publication and paper. By selecting a main word or subject, which is

listed alphabetically, the user is able to locate reports of

interest through the subject-related words found in the key

word index.

CBT is part of the National Engineering Laboratory, National

Bureau of Standards. NBS undertakes basic and applied re- search in many disciplines other than building technology.

Interested readers will find NBS research publications listed

in NBS Special Publication 305, Publications of the National

Bureau of Standards and its supplements, from which parts of

this report have been taken.

Introduction

iii
Obtaining

Publications

Most current CBT publications (excluding A'^^^' Interagency

Reports) are available from the Superintendent of Documents,

U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

Microfiche and paper copies of most CBT publications may be

ordered through the National Technical Information Service,

U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Two

other sources are the Department of Commerce field offices

and libraries designated to receive government publications.

The current price list and availability of publications Hsted in

the report are given in Appendix C.

Department of Commerce Field Offices are maintained in the

cities listed in Appendix B. Their purpose is to provide ready

access at the local level, to publications, statistical statements,

and surveys. Each Field Office serves as an official sales

agent of the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office. These offices make available for local purchase a wide range of Government publications. The refer- ence library maintained by each Field office contains many

Government and private publications, periodicals, directories,

reports and other reference materials.

The libraries listed in Appendix A are designated depositories

for Government publications and are now receiving selected

publication series of the National Bureau of Standards' for

general reference use. While every Government publication

cannot be sent to all depository libraries, certain designated

Regional libraries are required to receive and retain one copy

of all Government publications made available either in

printed or microfiche form. To obtain information on which

publications are available, please contact the depository

library in your area.

The Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress,

Washington, D.C. 20540, makes photoduplicates of material

in its collections for research use. National Bureau of Standards publications are on file at the library, so that copies of

any Bureau document that is out of print usually can be

obtained. Full information concerning this service may be

secured by writing to the Library of Congress at the address

noted above. In making such inquiry, it is important to give an accurate and complete identification whenever possible

(author, title, place of publication, name of series and

number, if known) of the document desired.

iv
Contents

TITLES AND ABSTRACTS 1

Building Science Series 3

Technical Notes 6

Special Publications 9

Handbooks 24

NBS Interagency Reports 25

Government Contract Reports 34

Papers Published in Non-NBS Media, 1978 36

AUTHOR INDE 47

KEY WORD INDEX 55

APPENDIX A. 85

List of Depository Libraries in the United States

APPENDIX B. 99

List of Field Offices of the U.S. Department of Commerce

APPENDIX C. 101

CBT Publication Order Numbers and Price List
I
Titles and

Abstracts

1

BUILDING SCIENCE SERIES

Building Science Series reports disseminate technical infor- mation developed at the Center on building materials, components, systems, and whole structures. The series presents research results, test methods, and performance criteria related

to the structural and environmental functions and the durability

and safety characteristics of building elements and systems.

BSS84. Design Guide for reducing transportation noise in and

around buildings, D. S. Pallett, R. Wehrli, R. D. Kilmer, and

T. L. Quindry, Nat. Bur. Stand. {U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 84, 176

pages (Apr. 1978) SN003-003-0 1687-0.

Key words: acoustics; architectural acoustics; building

acoustics; environmental noise; noise; noise control; sound;

transportation system noise.

This design guide presents a unified procedure for the selection of noise criteria in and around buildings, for the prediction

of exterior and interior noise levels arising as a consequence of

transportation systems operations, and for the evaluation of the adequacy of building designs with regard to environmental

noise. Noise criteria levels are suggested in terms of equivalent

sound levels (Leq). Simplified predictive methods enable the

estimation of noise levels arising as a consequence of highway,

railway, and aircraft operations. The sound isolation provided

by the building shell is estimated by means of a new singlefigure rating system. Finally, design manipulations which may

make possible the improvement of the acoustic conditions in and around buildings are suggested.

BSS102. The thermal performance of a two-bedroom mobile

home, G. J. Tietsma and B. A. Peavy, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 102, 59 pages (Feb. 1978) SN003-003-

01863-5.

Key words: air infiltration; energy conservation; mobile

home; part-load efficiency; thermography.

Tests were conducted on a mobile home located in an Environmental Climatical Laboratory for the purpose of evaluating its thermal performance. The heating demand greatly af- fected the part-load efficiency of a gas-fired, forced-air, sealed- combustion furnace system. The practice of installing oversized

heating plants was shown to result in low seasonal operating ef- ficiencies. Air leakage measurements were performed using a

pressurization technique to quantify the amount of air leakage

through the various parts of the mobile home. Separate air infiltration tests using the SFg tracer-gas technique showed that somewhat higher air infiltration rates were induced by operation of the mobile home heating plant. A thermographic survey

of interior surfaces showed that the technique used to install the wall insulation may allow wrinkles formed in the surface of

the insulation to form air paths running the height of the wall

cavity. Convective air flow through these paths may create heat

leaks on the building surface which can have an impact on the

overall heat-loss rate. Separate tests were also conducted to

identify places in the mobile home envelope having high condensation potential.

BSS105. Retrofitting an existing wood-frame residence for ener- gy conservation—An experimental study, D. M. Burch and C. M. Hunt, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 105, Supersedes NBSIR 77-1274, 82 pages (July 1978) SN003-003-

01885-6.

Key words: air infiltration; condensation in buildings; ener- gy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heatloss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography.

A wood-frame residence having only limited insulation in the

attic was retrofitted in three stages to reduce its energy requirements for heating and cooling. The three retrofit stages comprised: reducing air leaks; adding storm windows; and installing insulation in the floor, ceiling, and walls. The house was extensively instrumented to evaluate energy savings and other per- formance factors. An economic model was used to evaluate the

cost effectiveness of the retrofit options and the number of

years to pay back their initial investment.

The walls of the test house were insulated with three dif- ferent types of insulating material: fibrous glass wool, cellulosic

fiber, and urea-formaldehyde foam. The thermal performance

of those three insulating materials was measured and compared,

both in the field and laboratory.

"Recommended good practices" for moisture protection were applied when insulation was installed in the test house.

The effectiveness of these measures in preventing damaging

moisture accumulation in crawl spaces and attics was evaluated.

Finally, thermographic surveys were performed before and

after the retrofit. Based on the results of these surveys, criteria for distinguishing between insulated and uninsulated woodframe cavity walls were presented.

BSS108. Safety on stairs, D. H. Carson, J. C. Archea, S. T.

Margulis, and F. E. Carson, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg.

Sci. Ser. 108. 122 pages (Nov. 1978) SN003-003-O2026-5.

Key words: accidents; architectural psychology; consumer

products; environmental factors; home safety; occupant

behavior; survey technique.

Stairways are commonplace in U.S. homes. Stairway design

and construction standards are based on custom, common

sense, and experience. Stairways, however, are hazardous. A

large number of stairway accidents have been reported, raising

questions about the adequacy of stairway design and construction standards. This study is a first attempt to rationalize stair- way standards by applying well established statistical methods

to a significant sample of stairways and people using them. A

pilot study on a sample of 253 residences in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, was undertaken. The study included a survey of

stairway use and behavior and an inventory of residential stair- ways. This information was obtained from the total sample. In a subsample of 54 residences, direct field observations and

physical measurements of stairways were obtained. The results of the pilot study include a description of existing stairways, in- ferences about interactions that produce accidents, and

guidelines which address reasons for accidents (hence should

result in a reduction of accidents). The best strategy for making

stairways safer, according to the study, is to remove factors that influence accident rates. Specifically, by systematically reducing

hazards, careless stairway habits, and frequency of use, patterns

of factors responsible for accidents can be broken and accident

rates can be reduced.

BSS109. Simplified analysis of thermal and lighting characteristics of windows: Two case studies, T. Kusuda and B. L.

Collins, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 109, 113

pages (Feb. 1978) SN003-003-0 1892-9.

Key words: daylighting; energy conservation; fenestration

design; solar heat gain; window management.

Results of a simplified analysis for annual heating, cooling,

and lighting requirements associated with windows are presented. The analysis includes the effects of window size, heat transfer, solar shading, and compass orientation for typical

commercial and residential modules located in a climate typical

of Washington, D.C. Three different modes of operation with

3
respect to heating and cooling requirements through windows

were assessed: external loads only; external and internal; and

external, internal, and daylight. In addition, the effects of selective fenestration heat-transfer management, such as planned

employment of thermal shutters and shading devices, and off- hour temperature setback were considered. This analysis as- sumed that daylight could replace or supplement artificial light

whenever it could supply a specified minimum level of illumination. The use of daylight was found to offer the greatest potential for reducing energy costs, particularly when combined with

selective fenestration management.

BSSl 10. Reliability basis of load and resistance factors for rein- forced concrete design, B. ElUngwood, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(.U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 110, 101 pages (Feb. 1978) SN003-

003-01888-1.

Key words: buildings (codes); concrete (reinforced);

design (criteria); loads; probability theory; reliability;

statistical analysis; structural engineering.

Engineering decisions must be made in the presence of uncertainties which arise as a consequence of imperfect information and knowledge and inherent randomness in many design

parameters. It is on account of these uncertainties and potential

risks arising therefrom that safety margins provided by load and

resistance factors are required in design. Reliability methods

are employed in this study to facilitate the selection of criteria for reinforced concrete design. These methods, which are based on probability theory, provide a logical basis for determining

the manner in which uncertainties in resistance and loads affect design safety and how their effects should be controlled in building standards. Following a comprehensive analysis of uncertainty measures, safety indices associated with existing rein- forced concrete design are evaluated. Design criteria commensurate with levels of uncertainty and required reliability are then presented. Simplification of these leads to practical reliability based criteria which retain the relatively simple characteristics of existing criteria and yet have a well established and

documented rationale.

ESS 111. Investigation of standards, performance characteristics and evaluation criteria for thermoplastic piping in residential plumbing systems, R. S. Wyly, W. J. Parker, E. T. Pierce, D.

E. Rorrer, J. R. Shaver, G. C. Sheriin, and M. Tryon, Nat.

Bur. Stand. {U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. Ill, 152 pages (May

1978) SN003-003-01934-8.

Key words: acoustical performance (plumbing piping); fire performance (plumbing piping); plumbing performance

evaluation (piping); structural performance (thermoplcistic

plumbing piping); thermoplastic pipe usage (residential

plumbing).

The application of the performance concept to the evaluation

of piping systems of innovative materials is explored. User

needs are considered and several material-related physical

parameters are studied that might be used as measures of

satisfaction of the user needs.

Information was reviewed on usage, performance characteristics and standards for thermoplastic pipe and fittings, and

special laboratory tests were made to study selected characteristics and test methods. A number of performance state- ments and evaluation methods are recommended or discussed

that relate to characteristics associated with polyvinyl chloride

(PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and chlorinated

polyvinyl chloride (CPVC). This approach was taken to illus- trate the application of performance evaluation methodology to plumbing materials.

The results indicate that PVC, ABS, and CPVC can be used

satisfactorily in a number of residential plumbing applications

if appropriate attention is given to the selection of the materials, to the design of the piping system and to important installa- tion details. Further research and education are needed for the general application of performance evaluation methodology as a basis for wider and more uniform acceptance of the abovementioned thermoplastics as well as other materials for plumbing piping. However, the results of this study can be useful in expediting the systematic performance evaluation of future in- novative piping materials.

BSSl 12. Window blinds as a potential energy saver—A case

study, A. I. Rubin, B. L. Colhns, and R. L. Tibbott. Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 112, 85 pages (May 1978)

SN003-003-0 1936-4.

Key words: energy conservation; office buildings; orientation; photographic method; season; Venetian blinds; view;

windows; window usage. Window usage at the National Bureau of Standards was stu- died by photographing Venetian blind positions in offices at dif- ferent times of the day and year. While blind positions were

quite stable during the week of each study phase, they were

quickly altered by the room occupants when deliberately set at extreme positions by the researchers. Significant differences were observed among blinds depending on compass orientation

of the window, view type, season, and nature of experimental

treatment. The greatest determinant of blind position was

orientation, with blinds on north-facing windows being more

open than on the south. The results suggest that energy conservation programs which rely on the activities of building occupants may be feasible. Suggestions are made for improvements

in blind use and design.

BSSl 13. Life-cycle costing. A guide for selecting energy conservation projects for public buildings, R. T. Ruegg, J. S. McConnaughey, G. T. Sav, and K. A. Hockenbery, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 113, 76 pages (Sept. 1978)

SN003-003-01980-r

Key words: building economics; economic analysis; energy

conservation; engineering economics; investment analysis;

life-cycle cost analysis.

This report provides a step-by-step guide for conducting life- cycle cost evaluations of energy conservation projects for public buildings. It explains the use of life-cycle costing analysis

to evaluate and rank the cost effectiveness of alternative energy

conservation retrofit projects to existing public buildings, and

to select the most cost-effective design for new buildings.

Worksheets, illustrated with a realistic example, and a computer program are provided.

This guide is compatible with a life -cycle costing guide

prepared for the Department of Energy for use in the Federal

Energy Management Program by Federal Agencies. The pur- pose of this report is to provide a guide to state and local governments for use in their energy conservation programs.

BSSl 14. The effect of "resource impact factors" on energy conservation standards for buildings, S. F. Weber, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 114, Supersedes NBSIR 77- 1199, 55 pages (Sept. 1978) SN003-003-0 1952-6.

Key words: building economics; economic efficiency;

economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards.

This report addresses the question of the proper price for energy to be used in the development of optimum (i.e., cost- effective) energy conservation performance standards for

buildings. This study finds that the appropriate price for energy

4
is its social value, which should be determined through the development and application of Resource Impact Factors

(RIF's). Some guidelines are provided for the formulation and

development of RIF's. A life-cycle cost minimization model for determining the optimum conservation standard is employed to show how the use of RIF's would generally lower the maximum

allowable energy consumption specified in the standard. In- deed, it is found that the higher the RIF value, the lower the energy consumption allowed by the standard, although this ef- fect steadily diminishes as the RIF value increases. Moreover,

the additional energy savings resulting from using RIF's are shown to increase as the severity of the climate increases. When two important restrictive assumptions of the model are

relaxed, these same relationships between energy consumption

and the RIF value on the one hand, and between the extra energy savings due to RIF's and the climate on the other hand,

are both maintained. Finally, geometric and algebraic measures

are derived for the net gain in economic efficiency that would

result from using RIF's in developing energy conservation per- formance standards.

BSSI16. Geographical variation in the heating and cooling

requirements of a typical single-family house, and correlation

of these requirements to degree days, E. A. Arens and W. L.

Carroll, Nat. Bur. Stand. (.U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 116, 58 pages

(Nov. 1978) SN0O3-OO3-0 1992-5.

Key words: building energy conservation; climatic effects on building energy consumption; computer modeling of

building energy consumption; energy conservation; geographical variation of building consumption; residential energy consumption.

The report has three main purposes: First, it assesses 'Test Reference Year' (TRY) hourly climate data tapes to determine

how well they represent long-term average climate when used

for estimating average annual heating and cooling require- ments. The report presents a method to adjust heating and

cooling requirements that are computed using TRY data, in *

order to make them represent long-term average heating and

cooling requirements.

Second, the report quantifies the geographic variation of annual heating and cooling requirements across the U.S. by computing the heating and cooling requirements of a typical ranchstyle residence for the 8760 hours of each of the 60 TRY

tapes, and adjusting the results by the method described above.

Third, the effectiveness of 'degree-day' data for predicting

these computed annual heating and cooling requirements is ex- amined, and the variability of heating and cooling requirements

within degree-day 'zones' of 1000 degree day width is presented.

5
TECHNICAL NOTES

Technical Notes present data which are complete in themselves but are not as comprehensive in scope or as definitive

in treatment of the subjects as reported in Building Science Series.

TN710-8. Building research translation: French acoustical comfort standards, S. G. Weber, Translation Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand.

(.U.S.), Tech. Note 710-8, 67 pages (Mar. 1978) SN003-003-

01897-0.

Key words: acoustics; codes; CSTB; French compliance

techniques; translations.

This report offers methods of providing levels of residential acoustical comfort which meet French specifications contained

in the French order of June 1969, and some methods which

may facilitate meeting the more stringent requirements of the Acoustical Comfort Standard.

Two levels of solutions are thus identified: first, those which

meet the basic French building code regulations; and, second,

those which can bring dwelling units up to the French Acoustical Comfort Standard.

Recent advances in acoustical knowledge as applied to re- sidential construction created a need for this revision to the

earlier edition to provide new examples of solutions which meet

building code requirements as well as solutions qualifying for the Acoustical Comfort Standard Label.

TN710-9. Building research translation —Discomfort due to wind near buildings: Aerodynamic concepts, J. Gandemer,

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 710-9, 48 pages (Mar.

1978) SN003-003-0 1898-8.

Key words: air flow; CSTB; discomfort, wind; France;

translations; wind discomfort; wind flow around buildings.

Flow patterns at ground level in groups of buildings result from the complex interaction between the wind (impact, average speed distribution with height, and turbulence) and the

buildings themselves (shapes, sizes, arrangements, etc.). The increase in the number of very tall structures and the more or less arbitrary, with respect to wind, placing of large structures have frequently demonstrated the lack of adaptation

of the structural environment to wind phenomena. Manifestation at ground level, such as zones of high speeds or eddies,

make the approach to buildings uncomfortable (sometimes

even dangerous) for the pedestrian.

Elimination of these problems requires better knowledge of

air flows around structures and formulation of practical plans

that the architect or city planner can use in designing larger

structural units. This report summarizes work carried out at the CSTB institute in Nantes in 1973 and 1974 and gives the main

results of the study.

A guide is included which furnishes simple rules or practical

advice that can be used by architects and city plannners.

TN7 10-10. Building research translation: The behavior of concrete structures in fire— A method for prediction by calculation, S. G. Weber, Translation Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 710-10, 83 pages (Mar. 1978) SN003-003-01896-

1.

Key words: calculating concrete fire resistance; codes; concrete fire resistance; CSTB; fire; fire codes; France;

translations.

This method provides a means for predicting, by calculation, the resistance to fire of a reinforced or prestressed concrete element of construction, in accordance with 1959 French

directives. The method is useful in allowing builders to design structures which show the degree of fire resistance required by the vari- ous French construction regulations in force. According to

those regulations, only a test furnishes legal proof of fire re- sistance. French researchers hope this first step will lead to the ac- ceptance in France of fire resistance calculations as legal proof

of satisfactory resistance.

TN96S. Effects of moisture in built-up roofing—A state-of-the art literature survey, H. W. Busching, R. G. Mathey, W. J. Rossiter, Jr., and W. C. CuUen, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 965, 78 pages (July 1978) SN003-003-0 1944-5

Key words: bituminous roof membranes; built-up roofs; moisture; moisture dissipation; nondestructive detection of

moisture; performance criteria; roofing moisture.

A literature review of the effects of moisture on built-up

roofing was made. Quantitative data were summarized for some

properties of membrane roofing including: permeability, absorption, thermal expansion, thermal resistance, tensile strength, modulus, and fungus attack resistance. Example calculations of possible temperature and moisture gradients for two

typical roof sections were presented.

Nondestructive evaluative methods to locate moisture in roofing systems were summarized and include gravimetric,

nuclear, capacitance, infrared imagery, electrical resistance,

and microwave methods. A review of techniques to dissipate

moisture in roofing is presented.

TN966. Performance criteria and plumbing system design, M. J. Orloski and R. S. Wyly, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note

966, 61 pages (Aug. 1978) SN003-003-0 1963-1.

Key words: performance; plumbing systems; reduced-size

venting.

An overview is presented indicating how the performance ap- proach to plumbing system design can be used to extend tradi- tional methods to innovative systems. Identification of the plumbing performance needed in a built system is used to classify current design criteria intended to furnish this level of per- formance. Some current design criteria may provide a higher

level of performance than is actually needed by the user. In other cases, no standard test method, criterion, or evaluation

technique exists. Putting existing knowledge into a performance

format increases the utility of this knowledge and facilitates identification of needed research to fill the gaps. Some of the mathematical models now used for system design and pipe siz- ing in plumbing codes are reviewed in the context of per- formance-oriented research. The results of experimental work

in plumbing systems with reduced-size vents (smaller than al- lowed by codes) are presented as an example of the use of the performance approach, and illustrate a case where performance

criteria permit relaxing of vent design practice. Conceivably the reexamination by plumbing designers of traditional design

criteria against measured user needs could be beneficially ex- tended to other areas of plumbing design such as water dis- tribution, storm drainage, and plumbing fixtures. Beyond this,

it has been recognized that uniform guidelines for evaluation of

innovative systems, based on research tmdings, are essential for wide acceptance of performance methods, particularly by the regulatory community.

TN970. Aseismic design of building service systems: The state- of-the-art, C. W. C. Yancey and A. A. Camacho, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 970, 83 pages (Sept. 1978) SN003-

003-01974-7.

Key words: aseismic design; building service systems;

codes; earthquake; hospitals; standards. A search for information was conducted to define the state- of-the-art of aseismic design of building service systems and to

identify areas of needed research. The study focused primarily on service systems essential to the continuous operation of
hospital facilities in post-earthquake periods. A review of the

literature pertaining to seismic performance of nonstructural systems is presented. An evaluation of code and standard regulations applicable to the aseismic design of service system components is also presented. Information obtained from direct contact with several federal agencies, the State of California,

and practicing architects and engineers is summarized. The

findings from a field visit of two hospitals currently under construction in earthquake-prone areas are reported. Deficiencies

in current design/evaluation practice are identified and recommendations for research are presented.

TN972. Elastomeric roofing: A survey, W. J. Rossiter, Jr. and

R. G. Mathey, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 972, 54

pages (July 1978) SN003-003-01954-2.

Key words: application guidelines; elastomeric; materials; membranes; performance factors; review; roofing.

In recent years the use of elastomeric roofing sytems in the United States has been increasing. A survey was conducted to ascertain the current state-of-the-art of these roofing systems.

The information obtained in the survey was gathered from a

literature search complemented by the opinions of people

knowledgeable in the field including researchers, contractors,

manufacturers and users. A listing of the current elastomeric

roofing materials was compiled, along with test methods for determining the properties of membranes fabricated with these

materials. The principal materials, available in either liquid or

sheet applied systems, included acrylic, butyl,

chlorosulphonated polyethylene, EPDM (ethylene propylene

diene terpolymer), neoprene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and

vinyl, silicone and urethane. In addition to these materials some

composite membranes were also available. Factors affecting the performance of the membranes were

identified including durability, design of the roofing system,

substrate condition at the time of application attachment of the membrane to the substrate and workmanship during application. The performance of elastomeric roofing was discussed

based on its advantages, disadvantages and limitations. Guidelines to assist the user in the selection and use of

elastomeric roofing were prepared for both new and remedial

roofing applications.

Criteria were not available to evaluate or predict the per- formance of elastomeric roofing. As a first step in the development of criteria, preliminary performance characteristics were

suggested.

TN974. Corrosion of metallic pipes transporting potable water—Laboratory testing methods, J. N. Andre and J. R.

Clifton, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 974, 36 pages

(June 1978) SN003-003-01945-3.

Key words: copper pipe; corrosion; corrosion measurement; galvanized steel pipe; metal pipes; potable water; re- sistance polarization.

Many factors affect both the form of and the corrosion of

pipes transporting potable water including the composition,

temperature and flow rate of the water, type of metal and the

physical condition of the pipe. A pipeline was constructed and

experimental methods developed to determine the effects of the above factors on the corrosion of pipes. Components of the

pipeline were carefully selected or designed to prevent the oc- currence of extraneous corrosion.

The rate of corrosion of galvanized steel and copper pipes were measured by direct weight losses measurements and by

polarization resistance methods. It appears that the polarization

resistance technique is a useful tool which may be used in a

variety of corrosion studies of pipe in aqueous media.

TN97S. Results and analysis of a round-robin test program for liquid-heating flat-plate solar collectors, E. R. Streed, W. C. Thomas, A. G. Dawson III, B. D. Wood, and J. E. Hill, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 975, 119 pages (Aug. 1978)

SN003-003-01959-3.

Key words: measurement; modeling; solar; standards; test- ing.

A round-robin test program was conducted at 21 United

States test facilities, using a common test procedure, to deter- mine the intercomparability of thermal performance data pertaining to two liquid-heating flat-plate solar collectors. The statistical analysis of the data revealed a relatively large

spread in the measured values of collector efficiency. Data

from approximately half the facilities were then selected for detailed analysis. A collector analytical model was used to show

that less than one-third of the mean-square distance could be

attributed to different environmental conditions from facility to

facility. It was found that the data showed less scatter for one

of the two collectors than for the other. In general, the data were consistent for any single facility; most of the scatter was

therefore attributed to systematic uncertainties from facility to

facility. When the data from six participants reportedly adhering to the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 93-77 were

analyzed, the scatter was found to be within normal limits ex- pected for the test procedure.

TN976. International trends and developments of importance to the metrication plans of the U.S. construction community, C.

T. Mahaffey, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 976, 72

pages (June 1978) SN003-003-01937-2.

Key words: international building performance standards;

internationally harmonized building regulations; metrication impact on construction.

In 1974 the National Bureau of Standards' Center for Build- ing Technology began an investigation of international developments in the construction field seeking to identify those of importance to U.S. metrication planning. This report identifies and describes a group of related developments selected on the

basis of their importance and potential impact on the metric fu- ture of the U.S. construction community. The purpose of the report is not to discuss the merits of going metric, but rather

to display the trends and developments in the metric building

world that the U.S. is preparing to join.

The report suggests that many nations, recognizing unique

opportunities in a world that will soon have a common measurement system, have already begun to capitalize on the global

adoption of SI —the International System of Units. The report

describes the extensive efforts underway to reduce obstacles to trade caused by incompatible national regulations, standards,

and certification to standards. It describes the trade implications of the Helsinki international agreements reached at the Helsinki meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and being advanced in the proposed Standards

Code developed by the negotiators involved in the General

Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It describes the changes in the marketplace for building components brought

about by the worldwide adoption of the international standard

dimensioning module of 100 mm. It describes the launching

and the status of the United Nations project aimed at the inter- national harmonization of national building regulations; the in- volvement and reorganization of the building standards activity

of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO); the

significance of the international evaluation mechanisms

developed by the European Union of Agreement; and, the initiation of international performance standards developed

through ISO Technical Committee 59 —Building Construction.

All of which should be of special interest to those concerned

with the development of a remarkably similar program assigned

7
to the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS).

U.S. metric conversion plans could be designed to take ad- vantage of the opportunities uniquely associated with an SI world or they could treat metrication simply as the adoption of

a more modern U.S. measurement system. The report identifies

this choice as a major metrication issue for the U.S. construction community. For this reason the report should be of interest

to members of the American National Metric Council and of

the U.S. Metric Board.

The appendix to this report contains a brief description of 22

international organizations considered to be of future sig- nificance to the U.S. as it joins the SI metric building world.

TN977. Methods for characterizing adobe building materials, J. R. Chfton, P. W. Brown, and C. R. Robbins, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.), Tech. Note 977, 59 pages (June 1978) SN003-003-

01940-2.

Key words: adobe building materials; adobe soil; color

determination; microfabric analysis; mineralogical analysis;

particle size distribution; pH; plastic and liquid limits; solu- ble salts.

Methods are described for the characterization of those

physical properties and mineralogical features of adobe which

appear to have the most significant effect on the durabilities of

adobes. These methods include determinations of color, pH,

soluble salts, particle size distribution, liquid and plastic limits, and the x-ray "fingerprint" of adobe. In addition, methods are given for the identification of the mineralogy of adobe soils and

for the examination of the microfabric of adobe.

TN982. Criteria for retrofit materials and products for weatherization of residences, W. J. Rossiter, Jr. and R. G.

Mathey, Eds., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 982, 75

pages (Sept. 1978) SN003-003-0I976-3.

Key words: caulks and sealants; clock thermostats; energy

conservation; insulation; replacement windows; retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization; weatherstripping.

The Department of Energy requested the National Bureau of

Standards to develop criteria for materials and products to be

included in the DOE Weatherization Assistance Program. This

program was established by Congressional legislation and

directed toward financially assisting low-income persons in retrofitting residences to conserve energy. For most cases, only

energy-saving materials and products for which specifications

and/or standards are available are to be included in the Weatherization Assistance Program. Because of statutory

requirements labor costs for installing weatherization materials

and products are not included in the program.

The report identifies criteria for materials and products eligi- ble under the DOE Weatherization Assistance Program. The

materials included are insulation and vapor barriers, storm windows and doors, caulking and weatherstripping, clock ther- mostats, and replacement windows, and replacement glazing.

The retrofit materials are listed by generic type and recommendations are made for their installation. During the course of the investigation and based upon in- teractions with industry representatives, materials and products

other than those considered eligible under the DOE

Weatherization Assistance Program were also given consideration. Those materials and products having energy savings

potential but which are considered not eligible are discussed in the Appendices.

TN984. Evaluation of plastic wallcovering materials, E. J. Clark

and P. G. Campbell, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 984,

43 pages (Oct. 1978) SN003-003-01982-8.

Key words: abrasion; Federal Specification CCC-W-408A;

fungus resistance; stain resistance; surface roughness; vinyl

wallcoverings; wallcovering materials; washability.

The suitability of various test methods for measuring per- formance of plastic wallcovering materials was studied. This re- port contains the results of performance tests including abrasion resistance, surface texture, fungus resistance, washability

and stain resistance. Based on the test results, tentative recommendations for the revision of Federal Specification CCC-W408A, Wall Covering, Vinyl-Coated, have been developed.

These recommendations are based upon the results of tests conducted on seventy-two wallcovering materials from seven manufacturers.

TN990. The selection of preferred metric values for design and

construction, H. J. Milton, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 990, 83 pages (Dec. 1978) SN003-O03-02O01-O.

Key words: convenient numbers; metrication; number

systems; preferred numbers; rationalization; selection of

metric values; series of numbers; SI.

This Technical Note contains a comprehensive examination

of considerations involved in the selection of preferred metric

values during the change to SI in the U.S. construction community. It has been prepared to assist those engaged in the conversion and rationalization of technical data for use in design and

production to make informed judgments during the selection of

metric values. The adoption of preferred metric values and the concomitant

rationalization of the technical data base will be one of the main benefits of the change to metric (SI) units. The principal

aim is to encourage the choice of simple, convenient, or preferred metric values and ranges of rational values, rather than exact or marginally rounded soft conversions of existing values which will generally require a second change to more

workable numbers at a later stage. The Technical Note has

three parts: 1 ) background information on number systems and

properties of numbers, metric impact, and alternative conversion strategies; 2) alternative preferred number concepts for in- dividual values, sets of related values, and series of preferred

values; and, 3) a methodology for the determination and selec- tion of preferred metric values in technical information by means of a manual or an automated approach.

8
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

This series includes proceedings of conferences sponsored by

the Center, and other special publications appropriate to this grouping including project summaries, list of publications, wall

charts, pocket cards, and bibliographies.

SP457-2. Building technology publications 1977—Supplement 2,

J. R. Debelius, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 457-

2, 113 pages (Aug. 1978) SN003-003-0 1962-3.

Key words: abstracts; Center for Building Technology; key

words; publications.

This report presents the National Bureau of Standards'

(NBS) Center for Building Technology (CBT) publications for 1977. It is the second supplement to Special Publication 457,

Building Technology Publications 1965-1975 and covers the period from January 1, 1977 to December 31, 1977. It includes an abstract of each NBS publication, titles and abstracts of papers published in non-NBS media, key word and author in- dexes, and general information and instructions on how to order CBT publications.

This report provides the primary means of communicating

the results of CBT programs to its varied technical audiences,

as well as to the general public. Publications constitute a major

end product of CBT's efforts and in 1977 appeared in several NBS publication series (Building Science Series, Technical

Note, Special Publication, Handbook and NBS Interagency Report).

SP499. Noise criteria for buildings: A critical review, S. L. Yaniv and D. R. Flynn, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 499, 82 pages (Jan. 1978) SN003-003-01870-8.

Key words: building acoustics; building codes; isolation; noise; noise criteria; rating scheme; sound transmission.

A review is given of existing criteria that could be applied

to rating the noise environment in dwellings, to rating noise

isolation between dwellings, and to rating noise isolation from

outside to inside a dwelling. It is concluded that the central problem is to select appropriate criteria for rating the interior noise environment. Once this is done, criteria for noise isola- tion can be derived directly and these in turn can be used to derive performance requirements for building elements, such as

partitions and exterior walls.

SPS04. Metric dimensional coordination—The issues and

precedent. Proceedings of Joint Conference, Washington,

DC, June 6, 1977, S. A. Berry and H. J. Milton, Eds., Nat.

Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 504, 11 pages (Feb. 1978)

SN003-003-0 1887-2.

Key words: dimensional coordination in building; international standards for building; metrication; preferred dimensions and sizes.

These edited proceedings are a summary of a Joint Conference of the Design Sector and Construction Products Sector

of the Construction Industries Coordinating Committee of the American National Metric Council, which was held in Washington, DC, on June 6, 1977. They may be used as a general

reference document dealing with the background of and

precedent in metric dimensional coordination.

As the United States prepares to join the metric building

world, both the issues and relevant precedent in dimensional

coordination become significant as a basis for an effective and

economical change. To this end, the papers presented at this Joint Conference address the following topics: 1. Dimensional

Coordination—An Industrial Management Tool, which reviews

the issues and application of dimensional coordination; 2. Building Standards Development in Sweden and in the Metric

Building World, which outlines issues in national and international standardization in the context of building design, production and construction dimensions; and 3. Metrication—The Opportunity for an Industry-wide System of Dimensional Coordination: Precedents and Issues, which reviews precedent in metrication and the simultaneous change to preferred building dimensions and preferred sizes in component production.

The questions and answers emanating from the Joint Conference reflect the concerns of the United States' design and

production communities at the outset of metrication and

dimensional coordination. These proceedings include the follow- ing papers (indented):

Dimensional coordination—An industrial management tool, L. Bergvall, SP504, pp. 5-16 (Feb. 1978).

Building standards development in Sweden and in the metric building world, H. Orlando, SP504, pp. 19-30 (Feb.

1978).

Metrication—The opportunity for an industry-wide system

of dimensional coordination: Precedent and issues, H. Milton,

SP504, pp. 33-48 (Feb. 1978).

9
SPSIO. Tentative provisions (or the development of seismic regulations for buildings, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 510,

514 pages (June 1978) SN003-003-01939-9.

Key words: building; building codes; building design; dis- aster mitigation; earthqualces; engineering; standards.

This document contains tentative seismic design provisions

for use in the development of seismic code regulations for design and construction of buildings. The provisions represent

the result of a concerted effort by a multidisciplinary team of

nationally recognized experts in earthquake engineering. Design

professionals, researchers, Federal agency representatives, staffs from the model code organizations and representatives from

state and local governments from throughout the United States were involved. The provisions are comprehensive in nature and

deal with earthquake resistant design of the structural system,

architectural and nonstructural elements and mechanical-electrical systems in buildings. Both new and existing buildings are included. They embody several new concepts which are signifi- cant departures from existing seismic design provisions. An ex- tensive commentary documenting the basis for the provisions is included.

SP512. Energy-effective windows. Proceedings of a Joint DOE

(ERDA)/NBS Conference/Round Table on Energy-Effective

Windows held in Washington, DC, Apr. 13, 1977, H. R.

Trechsel, Technical Coordinator, Nat. Bur. Stand. {U.S.),

Spec. Publ. 512, 53 pages (Apr. 1978) SN003-003-01929-I

.

Key words: daylighting; energy conservation; glass; thermal

performance; windows.

On April 13, 1977, a Joint DOE/NBS Conference/Round

table was held on Energy -Effective Windows. The conference was attended by 30 participants and speakers and auditors

representing all major interests in window industry, govern- ment, academia, professions, and the media. These proceedings

include the following papers (indented):

An overview of window research at NBS, B. L. Collins,

SP5I2, pp. 6-12 (Apr. 1978).

DOE (ERDA)/LBL window research, S. M. Berman, SP5I2,

pp. 14-19 (Apr. 1978).

An architect's view of energy-effective windows, H. Taylor,

SP512, pp. 20-25 (Apr. 1978).

Window research in the United Kingdom and in Europe, D.

A. Button, SP512, pp. 26-32 (Apr. 1978).

SP51S. International Project Catalog of Modular Integrated

Utility Systems, M. H. Nimmo and C. W. Phillips, Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 515, 455 pages (July 1978) SN003-

003-01953-4.

Key words: catalog; CCMS-MIUS Project Catalog; International Project Catalog; project catalog; project summary

forms; reporting system.

The International Project Catalog prepared for the Committee on the Challenges of Modem Society— Rational Use of

Energy Pilot Study—Modular Integrated Utility Systems

(CCMS-MIUS Project) is a compilation of project descriptions on more than 200 Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS)

type of projects being conducted in the participating countries. Each project description includes a description of each project,

its status, the approach, expected results, some technical data, the principal investigator, an indication whether or not data

is/or will be available and other miscellaneous project information. The catalog is useful to the experts in identifying the vari- ous projects being conducted and seeking further technical information on those particular projects in which they are in- terested. The catalog is the first of a three level reporting system to report on MIUS type of projects. The second and third level reporting systems, which are expected to be improved and

completed in future activities under another international or- ganization, will provide information and guidelines for reporting progress and supplying data. The catalog consists of three parts: an Introduction, list of Projects by Country, and Project

Descriptions, one for each project reported.

SPSt6. Color In the health care environment. Proceedings of a Special Workshop held at the National Bureau of Standards,

Gaithersburg, MD, Nov. 16, 1976, B. C. Pierman, Ed., Nat.

Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 516, 35 pages (Sept. 1978)

SN003-003-OI957-7.

Key words: architecture; buildings; color; design; hospitals;

light.

The proceedings contain invited papers regarding the use of

color in Health Care Environments. The subject matter in- cludes the perspective of medical doctors, architects, designers,

researchers, and standards writers concerning proper and effective color and light selection and use in all phases of hospitals

and medical facilities. Particular problems and cautions are re- lated regarding the use of colors in surgical theaters and

pediatric as well psychiatric wards. These proceedings include

the following papers (indented):

Overview of the Center for Building Technology, NBS, R. N. Wright, SP516, pp. 1-3 (Sept. 1978).

Hospital light and color from the physician's standpoint, W.

C. Beck, SP516, pp. 5-7 (Sept. 1978).

Health facilities: Color them caring, M. Graham, SP516,

pp. 9-12 (Sept. 1978).

Studies of the subjective influence of light and color, J. E. Flynn, SP516, pp. 13-18 (Sept. 1978).

Some relationships of color and light to patient care, T. R. C. Sisson, SP5I6, pp. 19-24 (Sept. 1978).

The relationship of color planning in designing a pediatric

oncology unit to the symbolic meaning of colors as seen in patients' graphic productions, S. Castelluccio, SP516, pp. 25-26

(Sept. 1978).

Lighting and color in health care facilities—From a

designer's viewpoint, A. F. Styne, SP516, pp. 27-28 (Sept.

1978).

SP518. Research and innovation in the building regulatory

process. Proceedings of the Second NBS/NCSBCS Joint Conference, held in Bozeman, MT, Sept. 20, 1977, P. W. Cooke,

Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 518, 406 pages (Aug. 1978) SN003-003-0I960.

Key words: administrative procedures; building codes;

building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory research; standards development.

The Second NBS/NCSBCS Joint Conference on Research

and Innovation in the Building Regulatory Process was held in Bozeman, Montana on September 20, 1977. The proceedings

contain the 25 papers presented at the eight technical sessions. The technical sessions addressed the following issues: implementation of solar and energy conservation building standards;

issues in building regulation; considerations in the development

of energy conservation building standards; developing new ap- proaches for formulating building regulations; state experiences

10
in the development of energy conservation building standards; the expanding role of the building official; application and impact of building energy conservation standards; administration

of building regulations. These proceedings include the following papers (indented):

The National Solar Heating and Cooling Information

Center: Meeting the code officials' information needs, G. Mara, SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building regulations; data collection; demonstration program; dissemination; information needs; re- sidential construction; solar energy; space heating;

technology.

Under the provisions of the Solar Heating and Cooling

Demonstration Act of 1974, a National Solar Heating and

Cooling Center was established in 1976 by the Department

of Housing and Urban Development, in cooperation with

the Department of Energy. It is the express mission of the Center to gather information about the practical feasibility

of solar heating and cooling systems in homes and

buildings and to disseminate this information to the general

public and to specialized technical or professional groups

including building code officials. Recent developments are accelerating code officials' need for solar information. Solar homes are being built in

all geographic areas of the country. Architects, engineers,

designers and contractors are gaining solar experience or showing an interest in solar. In addition, many State

legislatures are taking direct or indirect action in the solar area which will affect building codes. Some States include

general or specific solar considerations in State building codes. Others are making solar familiar bv reauirino lifp- cycle cost estimates of competing forms of energy, including solar, in new or substantially renovated State buildings.

Implementation of energy conservation building standards,

T. B. Brown, SPS18, pp. 9-15 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building code official; buildings; education

level; energy conservation; evaluations; upgrading, certifi- cation.

Codes and Standards for Energy Conservation in Buildings are currently being written and adopted by States and model code organizations. These Standards are necessary as one of the means of buying the time required to develop alternate energy sources to continue our life style. But codes and standards are only as effective as their implementation. Who will enforce them in new buildings and

monitor them in existing buildings? The logical person for

this immense task is the local building code enforcement

officer, who in most cases has neither the training nor the background to deal with the terms and concepts involved.

He must be upgraded if our nation is to gain time to become energy self-sufficient. This paper deals with what the code enforcement officer has to know and how he can attain the required level of

knowledge to competently enforce energy conservation

standards.

A proposal for the implementation of energy conservation

building standards and codes, J. R. Groves, Jr., SP5I8, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: built environment; education and training; energy conservation; enforcement; legislation; promulgation; regulation; standards.

This paper deals with the mechanics of application,

monitoring, and enforcement of State adopted energy conservation standards. It will be presumed that the administrative or legislative process has mandated an energy code

for the respective State. The issues to be examined are: ( 1 ) the complexity of the energy standard and its appropriateness for the (a) climatic

factors of the respective State and (b) general level and

magnitude of building construction within the State; (2)

the process of educating and informing the various design

professional groups who will integrate the code requirements into new and existing structures, on both an initial and continuing education basis; (3) the process of training

and educating the enforcing agency's personnel and the

factors to consider in first choosing the appropriate State agency; (4) the necessity for prescriptive and performance

components of the code itself and enforcement implications; and (5) the impact of energy standards on (a)

architectural design flexibility and (b) building costs, in- cluding "tradeoff' possibilities.

Research on natural and man-made hazards: Impacts on

building regulations, D. L. Schodek, SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug.

1978).

Key words: building design; building regulatory system;

decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; innovations; research findings; scientific methods; socio-political

system; technical expertise.

A crucial problem facing the building regulatory system

in the United States today is the question of how the

results of current technical engineering and scientific research into different natural and man-made hazards that are dealt with by building regulations are to be specifically reflected or incorporated into codes or standards. Ad hoc

responses of the building regulatory system to pressures from different research groups, albeit well-meaning pressures, to incorporate research findings with respect to

specific hazards, may lead to piecemeal implementation in which there is no underlying logic which attempts to bring

about a fundamentally consistent method of dealing with

all of the different hazards involved. This paper speculates in an argumentative way on the

role of the building regulatory system with respect to new

research and the emergence of increasingly sophisticated

scientific methods of analysis. The paper addresses possible

bases on which code structures could be developed with

the view of treating all hazard-related measures consistently. Some conceptual difficulties are noted along with more pragmatic concerns. In particular the point is ad- dressed that if regulations become more sophisticated in response to more increasingly sophisticated scientific or engineering methods of analysis, then the possibilities for innovation and creative approaches to reducing hazards

are increased, but at the same time the technical expertise

of all those charged with enforcing the code must also be

increased. Therein lies a basic conflict. A very fundamental issue raised is that the role of the law on which building regulations are based and what it can or should be in relation to the scientific methods embodied in new research is unclear. It is hypothesized that many of the dilemmas currently facing the building regulatory system in regard to new research can be resolved only

by considerations involving a greatly extended socio-politi- cal context.

Response to building innovation by building codes and regulations, S. Winter, SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building codes; code changes; incentives; in- novations; log homes; minimum property standards; model

code agencies; regulations.

11
The major U.S. building codes are updated intermittently

(e.g., MPS issues updates as they are processed, BOCA is- sues supplements annually, etc.). The States and other

regulatory bodies which adopt these codes do so sometime

after the updates are issued. The result is that there is a considerable time span for the process of: recognition of

the need for a code change; adoption of the code change;

revision of the code; adoption of the revision by regulatory

bodies; and implementation of the revision. Innovations in the building industry, however, are constantly occurring, and there is frequently no allowance in the language of codes or in their interpretation for items not specifically identified. The position of the author is that building codes and

regulatory agencies must be more responsive to innovative

materials and methods in order to foster, rather than

hinder, improvements and efficiencies in the building

process.

A consulting engineer's view of building code process from

conception to adoption, N. J. Komsand, SP518, pp. 67-76

(Aug. 1978).

Key words: building codes, due process; legislation; model

codes; promulgation; regulatory process; standards

development.

The author has been attending the meetings of the model code groups for the past several years. During that time period, he has observed the process, noted the changes that are taking place in the process, identified forces responsible for the changes, analyzed the problems

and has formulated possible areas to refine, streamline and

be more efficient in the building code promulgation

process. The paper will present the building code process from

the standpoint of the designers and engineers who must

work with its provisions. The paper will show a significant trend in the past few years that is complicating the process. This includes more code changes, more complex code

changes, expansion of the codes into more areas of control, and attempts to keep pace with the plethora of new

products, devices and designs flooding the building materials market.

Standards/codes for energy conservation in lighting design, R. L. Smith, SP5I8, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: artificial illumination; buildings; criteria; energy

conservation; energy consumption; environmental design;

lighting levels; standards.

There is a general agreement on the need to eliminate unnecessary energy use in providing artificial illumination

for buildings. However, there is widespread disagreement on the procedure that should be promulgated to achieve

that need. This paper suggests a method to evaluate build- ing standards/codes and compares three procedures

developed to achieve energy efficient lighting systems. The

procedures compared are ( 1 ) a standard developed by the

Illuminating Engineering Society and published as Section

9 of ASHRAE Standard 90-75; (2) a guideline published

by the General Services Administration; and (3) a code

being developed by a State building code commission.

The need for a more explicit definition in building regulations of the internal thermal environment in buildings, D. R. Heerwagen, A. F. Emery, C. J. Kippenhan, and G. B. Varey,

SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building performance simulation; building regulations; computer applications; energy conservation; ther- mal comfort; thermal performance of buildings.

A survey of several widely-accepted or newly-proposed

building codes or standards has been conducted to deter- mine ( 1 ) what guidelines for establishing occupant thermal

comfort currently exist, and (2) whether these guidelines

may inhibit the achievement of energy conservation in building operation. This review has shown that the present

requirements pertaining to thermal comfort afford nonoptimal conditions, from the points of view of both the provision of thermal comfort and the achievement of energy

conservation. In this essay, the authors have cited results from three groups of researchers who have provided definitive work on human thermal comfort. It is suggested that such results be used in writing future building regulations

and that energy conservation will result from their inclusions. Additionally, the authors have also suggested that fu- ture regulations require the use of several devices or strate- gies (for building operation or control) and these are

discussed.

A thermal simulation computer program UWENSOL is described and its application is displayed as a means of ac- curately predicting both heating and cooling loads and

thermal conditions within buildings during their design.

Implementation of energy conservation building stan- dards—The verification problem for HVAC systems, D. E. Tonini and T. E. Sluiter, SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: balancing; building code official; code require- ments; energy conservation; performance specifications;

testing; verification.

This paper outlines the parameters and procedures

which should be considered in the preparation of energy

conservation performance specifications and verification for building mechanical systems.

The trend toward implementation of energy conservation

standards, particularly for commercial building, carries with it the question of how the building code official is to determine whether or not an energy conservation standard

has been met. For prescriptive standards, e.g., insulation thickness requirements, this may be readily ascertainable. For performance standards for HVAC systems, this becomes a very significant problem for the code writer as well as the building code official.

It has been shown that significant energy savings may be

achieved by careful balancing and optimization of building

mechanical systems for new buildings or retrofit of existing

inefficient systems. It is anticipated that code writers con- cerned with energy conservation standards may wish to ad- dress this important subject area in their codes.

Systematic organization of standards and codes, J. R. Harris

and R. N. Wright, SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building codes; classification; index; organization; outline; standards; systems engineering.

The ease and confidence with which a code or standard can be used depends on how well it is organized. A syste- matic method for organization of design standards and

codes is described and illustrated with an example. The

method provides checks on the uniqueness and completeness of the organization, where organization is taken to in- clude both the scope and the arrangement of the provisions. The method promotes the use of technically valid provisions and improves the efficiency of standards

generating activities. The illustrative example is the or- ganization of a performance specification for the structure of residential buildings.

The method is based upon objective qualities of an or- ganization. The key element of the method is the syste- matic classification of provisions. Each provision is related by its syntax and semantics to several classifiers. Requisite

properties of uniqueness and completeness are achieved in

12
the overall organization by requiring them in subsets of the

classification and then building the overall organization in a systematic fashion.

Consensus standards formulation, J. V. Tyrrell, SP518, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: economics; formulation; innovation; market ag- gregation; performance requirements; prescriptive stan- dards; standards development.

The charge has been made that the existence of stan- dards inhibits innovation and consequently hampers

technological advances. On the other hand, standards provide obvious benefits in consumer protection and

economics through aggregation of markets. One possible

remedy that has been advanced is provisions for accepting

nonconforming products by exception. While such

procedures would make introduction of new products easier, it would to a large extent destroy the fundamental pur- pose of a standard. Another proposed remedy is to base all standards on

performance requirements. While performance standards

may be satisfactory in some cases, they are not a panacea

that will easily solve all standards problems. Adequate

definition of performance requirements and equally important acceptance requirements is a major problem. The pure performance standard opens the doors to unwanted fea- tures if it is not very carefully constructed. The concept of standards is not wholly compatible with

innovation, but standards provide sufficient benefit to warrant continued use. Their effectivenp<!s denends unon

procedures for formulation to make their purpose clear and identify their limitations.

The role of fire prevention and control on building construction and regulations, W. H. McLain, SP518, pp. 165-176

(Aug. 1978).

Key words: building codes; control measures; fire codes;

fire safety; governmental actions; life safety; regulation;

risk assessment; societal goals.

Fire prevention and control is an important feature of

the modern building codes. Building set-back limits, structural design, and limitations on interior finish materials are among the building design parameters that reflect the

public need for fire safety. Historically, codes have been

developed to reduce mass urban fires and to limit property

damage from the structural collapse of single building

units. For example, a standard time-temperature curve has

been developed and widely used (ASTM El 19) for classifi- cation of building structural components in terms of a fire- time rating. More recently, there has developed an in- creased concern about life safety. Smoke and toxic gas produced by materials subjected to fire exposures are being evaluated and in some cases form part of a developing set of new regulations. The implementation of these new regulations poses a number of difficult problems to the local code regulatory and enforcement officials. An

analysis is made of some of the alternative approaches

which may be considered to aid the local building official in this important area of control.

Building regulation in the twenty-first century, H. J. Milton,

SP518, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building regulations; innovation; international standards; metrication; performance standards; research; technological trends. Many research papers have been devoted to proposals

dealing with innovation and rationalization in the building

regulatory process.

This paper has two special features—it takes a broad and

uninhibited look at the entire field of building controls,

and it does so from an imaginary future date in September

2002, a quarter of a century after the Bozeman, Montana,

conference. Instead of proposing changes, the paper takes a novel approach and discusses "retrospectively" the major

changes that "have occurred" in the intervening 25 years.

It thus provides food for thought without running into the gamut of reasons why changes cannot be made.

The Texas approach to energy conservation building stan- dards, M. N. Hart, J. W. Jones, and W. Bowen, SP5I8, pp. 191-204 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building stan- dards; energy conservation; performance standards.

In 1975 the State of Texas Legislature mandated that energy conservation standards be developed for new State

Buildings. The legislation called for the development of

performance criteria and for guidelines for energy efficient design for different classes of state owned or financed

buildings. In complying with the requirements of the law, the State Building Commission sought to minimize any adverse impact of the new standards on the design process. The State of Texas Building Energy Conservation Stan- dard is divided into sections on the envelope, mechanical

equipment, lighting, and service hot water. The standard is similar to ASHRAE 90-75 in the mechanical equipment

and service hot water sections, but differs in the lighting

and envelope sections. The lighting section specifies watts per square foot for most task areas with foot-candle designations for unusual areas. The building envelope sec- tion provides a new approach. It assures a minimal thermal

performance of the shell by specifying an Energy Envelope

Index which is a function of building size and location. The

EEI calculations are similar to standard procedures for estimating loads (such as those published by ASHRAE)

and is presented in the State Energy Conservation Manual.

These procedures are summarized in this paper.

It is felt that the State of Texas procedure, while innovative, provides a flexible and workable standard acceptable

to both the State and the design professionals and in- troduces a new approach toward performance standards.

The need to implement energy conservative insulation stan- dards based on average energy use rather than peak energy

use—The New Mexico experience, W. J. van der Meer and L. W. Bickle, SP5I8, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: ASHRAE Standard; climatic conditions; energy

conservation; glass area; heat transfer; insulation standards; U-values.

All Federal insulating standards for residence walls, ceil- ing and glazing are based on steady state U-values which

govern the heat transfer rate only under conditions of peak

energy use. Even the Component Design section of

ASHRAE Standard 90-75 considers only steady state Uvalues as the basis for their requirements at arriving at stipulated average heat transmission values. Theoretical

studies on heat transfer through walls and glazing, and stu- dies of actual energy use for heating for a group of approximately 20 residences of different insulation amounts,

made by the authors for the New Mexico Energy

Resources Board, indicate that while added insulation may

reduce heat transfer during peak energy use periods there

is no proof that insulating for peak energy use periods

reduces the overall or average energy consumption during

the heating season. Quite the contrary, we find that insula- tion for peak energy use may be counterproductive and

13
result in a greater amount of energy used for the heating season than if one insulates for average energy use conditions.

A study of the effect of existing energy conservation regulations to assist In the selection of more comprehensive energy

conservation standards, C. H. Fafard, SP5I8, pp. 219-250

(Aug. 1978).

Key words: ASHRAE standards; building envelope; build- ing regulations; data collection; energy budget; energy conservation; heat loss; thermal performance.

The State of Wisconsin has had, since 1914, a statewide

Administrative Building Code, administered and enforced

by the Department of Industry, Labor and Human Relations (DILHR). This code regulates construction of all buildings except one- and two-family residences, farm

buildings and temporary buildings. The rules contained in the code carry the stature of law. An Energy Conservation Advisory Committee was ap- pointed to DILHR by the Division Administrator, John

Wenning, in December 1973, at the peak of the energy crisis. The committee made several recommendations, including lowering of inside temperatures and reducing the minimum ventilation from 7.5 c.f.m. /person to 5 c.f.m/person. The committee also recommended a thermal

performance standard which limited the heat loss through

above-grade envelope areas to 13 Btu's per hour per

square foot. These recommendations were incorporated

into the Wisconsin Administrative Code in staees in 1974

and 1975. The thermal performance requirements

generated strong opposition in the glass and masonry in- dustries. These groups convinced a committee within the Wisconsin State Legislature to rescind the thermal per- formance section (May 1975) after five months of enforce- ment. The thermal performance requirements were rein- stated in April 1976, when the full legislature did not act on the permanent suspension of the rules.

Rehabilitation as an instrument in meeting housing need: Can it really work? J. Heron, SP518, pp. 251-257 (Aug.

1978).

Key words: decision criteria; demolition; housing needs;

physical condition rehabilitation.

There is an increasing trend in city planning toward

rehabilitating older buildings and conserving neighborhoods that might have become slums, but the rehabilitation process is slow and unreliable. Few builders are interested

in rehabilitation, most preferring new construction in the suburbs. A major question is: can the rehabilitation process be changed to attract more builders and become a highvolume business?

The suggested answer is that criteria to identify buildings

needing rehabilitation and to specify what repairs need to be made must be developed, using the cumulative

knowledge of builders who have done such work and the

insight of people involved in building regulation. These

criteria should deal with the fundamental structural and

safety characteristics of buildings, to provide a yardstick

for selecting the right buildings and deciding how much

work is required.

The National Fire Incident Reporting System: Some uses of

fire loss data, H. Tovey, SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building codes; data collection; fire hazards;

fire protection; National Fire Data Center; regulation; re- porting system; scenarios; system design.

The National Fire Data Center of the National Fire

Prevention and Control Administration is directed by law

to collect, analyze, and disseminate data on the occurrence, control, and results of fires of all types. One of the major objectives of this activity is to provide the building

code community with information it needs for writing and

updating building codes so that they provide as much protection at as low a cost as possible. The fire experience

data collected by the National Fire Incident Reporting

System of the Center has a high potential utility for that purpose. However, the initial data collected need signifi- cant improvement in completeness and accuracy. This

paper describes the basic design of the National Fire In- cident Reporting System, and illustrates several ways in which the data collected by the system can be used to

identify and rank fire hazards associated with building

structures. The current status of the system, including ef- forts to validate the data, are described.

Proposed draft for noise control abatement for the City of New Orleans, C. C. Mann, SP5I8, pp. 285-295 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: awakening to problems; deceptive sounds;

establish legal limits; tolerance level differences.

The everyday sounds of simply existing can be very deceptive to us as individuals. Music, for example, is soothing and refreshing to some persons while to others, the same music may be distracting and unpleasant. The

rock-and-roll that brings pleasure to one individual might

be found distasteful by another individual. We, as in- dividuals "on the street" do not think of noise unless it becomes irritating to us or "gets on our nerves." It has

been said that sound is not a "noise" unless it annoys. This paper is a search into some of the large cities' ap- proaches to their noise problems, with an added proposal

to this same noise problem for the City of New Orleans. Many controls are being generated, developed and perfected, and as a result, future generations should have a

quieter environment in which to live and work. Much is yet to be accomplished, however, and efforts toward this goal should not be lessened or allowed to become

diminished.

Residential energy conservation building regulations and

their impact on the building process, M. Green, SP518, pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building regulations; enforcement; energy conservation; legislation; standards development; survey

findings; training.

In early 1977, a study was conducted under contract to the State of California. This work was a portion of a larger contract from ERDA to document the history problems

and success of the California residential energy regulations

adopted in February 1974. The resulting report, based on

personal interviews with code enforcement officials, architects, developers, contractors, material suppliers and

manufacturers, and homeowners, describes the impact and

changes caused by these regulations on segments of the building industry. This paper will briefly discuss these impacts within the context of statewide energy conservation

building regulations.

In addition, the paper will summarize the procedures of

the State to develop and implement residential energy

regulations. The paper concludes with procedural recommendations for Federal, State, and local government.

The energy conservation code: Implementation in New Mexico, J. O. Dritt, SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building code; code officials; effective "U"

values; energy conservation; implementation; professional

competence; training program.

14
Officials of the State of New Mexico agreed in September 1976 to adopt the proposed Chapter 53 of the Uniform Building Code (UBC) published by the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) with

scheduled implementation of July 1, 1977. This paper

describes the key elements of an implementation scheme

through the utilization of innovative research, development

of code Applications Manual, and the conduct of a formal

statewide training program for all building officials.

Impact of State mandated thermal efficiency standards on

counties, S. Guenther and A. Twitchell, SP518, pp. 323-358

(Aug. 1978).

Key words: buildings; counties; energy conservation; en- forcement; insulation; regulations; standards; State legisla- tion; thermal efficiency.

Nineteen States have adopted energy-related building

regulations since the 1973 Arab oil embargo, but there is considerable variation among the States according to per- formance and prescriptive criteria, mandatory and voluntary regulations, etc. The remaining States will soon be adopting thermal effi- ciency codes as part of their State Energy Conservation

Plans, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development is currently developing a national standard for new

buildings.

Hundreds of counties have been required to enforce the

existing State-mandated codes, and many hundreds more

will become involved in the near future. The National Association of Counties Research Foundation studied the effects of State-mandated thermal efficien- cy codes on five counties. We found that those codes

requiring only a minimal amount of insulation and double

glazing for windows appeared to present no major legal,

political, operational, or financial problems for counties. Experience with more sophisticated codes is limited.

Regulatory administration: A function of perceived priorities, costs and benefits, N. S. Remmer, SP518, pp. 359-369

(Aug. 1978).

Key words: building codes; cost-benefit; decision making;

priorities; regulatory agency; resources; risk.

This paper discusses the problems of building regulatory

agencies in facing rapid advances in the technology and

scope of building regulation and the implied increase in volume of work. The paper attempts to identify distinct classes of obligation for the regulatory agency based on a range of requirements starting with those proven critical to

life safety and those mandated by legislation and highly

visible to the public to those which represent the possibility

of applying wide discretion in judging risk and assigning a

priority based on community benefits. The paper gives ex- amples of how decisions affecting risks versus benefit
might be implicitly applied in every day operations of an

agency and the significance of these judgments in terms of an acceptable risk level. As workloads increase and

technology and mandatory legislation increase in scope and

volume, local regulatory agencies, faced with limited resources, must make decisions which reflect a systematic

prioritization of functions based on judgments of risk, costs, and benefits.

Development of interface between the regulator and the manufacturer's quality control personnel, E. Starostovic,

SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: certification; compliance assurance programs;

industrialized building construction; inspection; personnel

qualifications; quality control manual; regulations; third party agencies; training.

The subject of this paper encompasses the manufacturer's commitment to quality control including designation

of inspectors who are held accountable. Other aspects will include coverage of: development of inspection aids; regular monitoring of both product and inspection personnel;

training of personnel in a formal classroom environment

including required annual recertification; classroom written

examination, grading process, and PFS Quality Assurance

Council review; progress reports after classroom training

and as a prerequisite for final written certification; maintenance of year-to-year certification; decertification procedures; case histories of decertification; impact on

product quality.

Legal aspects of the building regulatory process, P. J. Moriarty. SP518, pp. 381-390 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: building official; building regulations; code en- forcement; construction; court decisions; disasters; economics; legal approach; regulatory process; violations.

Building regulations had a beginning, a middle and will have no end. Since the time man first built a shelter which

in some way affected the shelter of another, building and

housing regulations out of necessity arose. As man

progressed and his needs improved, laws were enacted to control his activities and a few of these laws regulated the use and construction of his shelter. It will be attempted

here to briefly illustrate the ways in which this shelter has

been regulated and misregulated and to show that in several years we have not yet reached an atomic age in the building regulatory process. As the building regulatory process becomes more complex and technical, the building

official must become more knowledgeable and technical. It

will also be seen how the courts have reminded the build- ing official that the public need not tolerate a building

code requirement simply because it is so written.

SP523. Wind and seismic effects. Proceedings of the Ninth Joint Panel Conference of the U.S. -Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources, May 24-27, 1977, Tokyo, Japan, H. S. Lew, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 523, 518 pages

(Sept. 1978) SN003-003-01979-8.

Key words: accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds.

The Ninth Joint Meeting of the U.S.-Japan Panel on Wind

and Seismic Effects was held in Tokyo, Japan on May 24-27,

1977. The proceedings of the Joint Meeting include the pro- gram, the formal resolutions, and the technical papers. The

subjects covered in the paper include (1) characteristics of

strong winds; (2) wind loads on structures and design criteria; (3) earthquake prediction; (4) earthquake ground motions and

soil failures; (5) seismic loads on structures and design criteria;

(6) design of special structures; (7) earthquake hazard reduction program; and (8) quantitative evaluation of damages

caused by winds and earthquakes. These proceedings include the following papers (indented)

:

Distribution models of pressure and wind over stationary

typhoon fields, S. Fujiwhara and K. Kurashige, SPS23, pp. I-l—1-9 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: distribution models; pressures; sea surface; sta- tionary typhoon.

For pressure and wind distributions on the sea surface over typhoon and hurricane area, many trials have been

proposed in order to adapt distribution models for observational data. These models have been utilized widely in many scientific and technical applications. For example,

theoretical analysis, storm surge, disaster evaluation, protective measurement against typhoon damage, and so on. The above models proposed are simple models. Unfortunately, however, the better adaptation for observed data

requires more complicated models. However, the advent of

the electronic computer has brought about the methods

which can shorten the computational time tremendously.

Therefore, the models no longer have to be simple.

In this paper, several new models are introduced and

their characteristics are discussed. Then, basic differences

between the formulas by various models are pointed out

clearly. In order to increase the accuracy of model adaptation, a technique of revising the formulas is discussed. Taking into account the computation time of the electronic computer, a new model formula is presented and examined

by comparing it with other formulas.

Extreme winds in the United States, T. D. Potter and M.

Changery, SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: design requirements; design standards; extreme

winds; hurricanes; property damage.

Each year extreme winds in the U.S. cause extensive

property damage and occasionally the loss of lives. This

paper will first review the patterns of extreme winds in the U.S. and the associated wind damage. The types of max- imum wind speed data currently available are then

discussed. Finally, problems associated with using these maximum wind speed data in U.S. design standards are considered.

Aerodynamic stability of a long-span suspension bridge at construction stage, T. Kunihiro, N. Narita, and K. Yokoyama,

SP523, pp. II-l—11-19 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: aerodynamic stability; construction stages;

suspension bridge.

Wind accidents on bridge structures have so far oc- curred at their construction stage, and this necessitates confirming the safety of a structure under construction as well as after completion. The aerodynamic safety of a suspension bridge at construction stage is especially important, because the rigidity and the relevant dynamic characteristics of the stucture alter gradually as the construction

work proceeds.

The aerodynamic stability of suspension bridges at construction stages for the Seven Bridge ( 1 ), the Kanmon

Bridge (2), the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge (3,4) and the Nar- rows Bridge (5) has already been examined by others. These studies demonstrated the importance of the problem.

16
17
However, the erection method of a bridge depends largely on the conditions that, how much clearance is necessary

for navigation during construction period and what kinds

of erection machines are available, etc. Therefore, the

results of this study cannot be applied directly to other

bridges.

This paper describes the design wind speed and the aerodynamic stability of suspended structure of the Hirado

Ohashi Bridge.

Present situation of earthquake prediction research in Japan, K. Hamada, H. Takahashi, H. Sato, and A. Suwa,

SP523, pp. III-l— 111-19 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: earthquake prediction; Japan National Pro- gram; present state. An outline of the Japanese National Program of

Earthquake Prediction is introduced here. First, the

progress up to date of the national program of earthquake

prediction; second, the organizations related to the prediction, their main roles, and the organizational structure;

third, the strategy of earthquake prediction by the coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction (CCEP);

fourth, the activities of the CEEP; fifth, the present state of earthquake prediction; sixth, the promotion of the prediction program, including the authors' points of view and

finally, the following items of research and observations

are introduced: 1. Geodetic survey; 2. Tidal observation; 3. Continuous observation of crustal movement; 4. Seismic

observation; 5. Velocity change of seismic waves; 6. Active

faults and folding; 7. Geomagnetic and geoelectric observations; 8. Laboratory experiments; 9. Works related to ground water; 10. Data processing and monitoring system.

The complementary importance of earthquake prediction

and structural response estimation in seismic design and

planning decisions, R. K. McGuire, SP523, pp. 111-20— III-29 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: design decisions; minimum cost; seismic risk.

The present uncertainty in estimating the responses of

manmade and natural structures to earthquake threats is translated into cost penalties reflecting costs associated

with possible failure of the structure due to underestimated

response, and costs associated with overdesign of the struc- ture (or over-conservative reaction to a hazard) due to overestimated levels of motion. The important uncertainties for seismic design and planning decisions are those as- sociated with the size, location, and time of future earthquakes, and those associated with estimating ground

motion and structural response during these events. It is shown that reducing the uncertainties in one part of the problem has only a minor effect on reducing the (social

and economic) cost of earthquakes unless significant and

complementary advances are also made in reducing the uncertainties of the other part.

Research and development of permanent ocean-bottom

seismograph observation system off the Pacific Coast to central Honshu, Japan, A. Suwa, N. Yamakawa, and T. linuma,

SP523, pp. III-30—III-43 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: cables; development of submarine equipment;

earthquake prediction; ocean-bottom seismograph.

Eighty to ninety percent of all the earthquakes in the world occur in the sea area. However, there is not a single

permanent ocean-bottom seismograph yet; this is the weakest point in seismic activity monitoring and

earthquake prediction. The Seismology and Volcanology

Division of the Meteorological Research Institute has been

engaged in the development of a permanent ocean-bottom

seismograph observation system off the Pacific coast of

Tokai District, central Honshu, which is one of the major

items included in the 3rd Five-Year Plan of the National

Program of Earthquake Prediction Research in Japan

(1974-1978).

The observation system being developed consists of the combination of submarine and land equipment. The sub- marine equipment consists of one terminal apparatus and

several intermediate apparatus, i.e., pressure vessels containing seismograph and tsunami-meter sensors, and signal

transmitters, which are connected in series by a submarine

co-axial cable. This equipment is laid one hundred and

twenty kilometers off Omaezaki, Shizuoka Prefecture, at the ocean-bottom down to 3,000 m below sea level. On the other hand, the land equipment consists of receiving and

repeating apparatus in the shore station (Omaezaki

Weather Station), and receiving and data processing ap- paratus at the Earthquake and Tsunami Center (Japan

Meteorological Agency in Tokyo).

This development project has been progressively implemented. Trial layings of the submarine equipment have

been carried out already and actual layings are planned in 1978.

Vertical distribution of the seismic S-wave velocities at the

site of the Iwatsuki Deep Borehole Observatory of Crustal Activities, F. Yamamizu and H. Takahashi, SP523, pp. III- 44—III-54 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: deep borehole; earthquake, in-situ velocity

measurement; S-wave; vertical distribution of seismic wave. From the earthquake engineering point of view, in-situ velocity measurement of the seismic S-wave was carried out down to a depth of 3500 meters at the site of the Iwat- suki Deep Borehole Observatory constructed by the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention.

S-waves were produced mainly by ordinary small chemical explosions in a shallow borehole and supplementarily

by an SH-wave generator (an S gun) firmly pressed on the ground surface. A set of three-component seismometers of

moving-coil type with natural frequency of 4.5 Hz was in- stalled in a capsule which could be fixed at any depth in the borehole. Repeated measurements were made at 16

different depths from the surface to the bottom. The S- wave by the S gun was clearly recorded down to the depth

of 1500 m. Identification of the S-wave onset on the record of the explosion was unexpectedly easy, even for depths deeper than 1500 m, because very good phase cor- respondence between the S phase from the S gun and the S phase from the explosion was obtained. Therefore, the reading of the S-wave onset was most reliable. The estimated S-wave velocity structure was 0.44, 0.76,

1.3, 1.6 and 2.6 km/sec with the boundary depths of 300,

1000, 2000 and 2800 m, respectively, from the surface to the bottom of the borehole. The boundary at 2000-m

depth was ur.certain unlike the other three boundaries.

This boundary may not exist, or the velocity may change

gradually with depth.

The P-wave velocity structure was estimated at the same

time, and the velocity values were 1.8, 2.1, 2.9 and 4.7 km/sec with the boundaries very close to those of S-wave

velocity. But the 2000-m depth boundary was not found.

Research on active faults in the metropolitan area, H. Sato and T. Kakimi, SP523, pp. 111-55— III-62 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: detection of active faults; earthquake prediction; research on active fault.

The present state of research on active faults in the metropolitan area is discussed. The paper describes the discovery of two active faults, the Tachikawa Fault and the

18
Arakawa Fault, in the Kanto plain. The paper also points out that at present there is no definitive method(s) to detect active faults covered by thick sediment. The geophysical methods commonly employed in underground research

work present problems when the methods are used for research on active faults in urban areas. Geochemical

methods should be considered.

Characteristics of vertical components of strong-motion ac- celerograms, T. Uwabe, S. Noda, E. Kurata, and S. Hayashi,

SP523, pp. IV-1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: design; horizontal acceleration; seismic coefficients; stability; strong-motion accelerogram; structures;

vertical acceleration.

Characteristics of vertical components of the 574 strongmotion accelerograms were studied in order to determine

the effects of vertical ground motions on dynamic stability

of structures. The following were made clear.

1 )According to accelerograms with the maximum ac- celeration of over 50 gals the ratio of the maximum ac- celeration on the vertical component to that on the

horizontal component was less than 1/2. 2)The occurrence time of the maximum acceleration on

the horizontal component was different from that on the

vertical component. At the time when the safety factors against sliding and overturning were the smallest, the ratio of the vertical acceleration to the horizontal acceleration was less than 1/3. 3)The stability analysis of the gravity type quaywalls

based on a current design method of port facilities was

performed considering the vertical seismic coefficient. Consequently, the vertical seismic coefficient was found to have little influence on the safety factor for gravity type

quaywalls.

Developments in strong-motion data management, A. G.

Brady, SP523, pp. IV-20—IV-27 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: accelerograms; digitization; high frequencies;

low frequencies.

Some recent developments in the procedures for digitiza- tion and subsequent analysis of strong-motion earthquake

accelerograph records are described. The standard digitizing and analysis procedures of the California Institute of

Technology's Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory have been well documented for several years now and

apply well to the long-duration, high-amplitude recordings

that were the main content of the project. This paper provides further descriptive material dealing with the care needed in using standard analysis procedures on records

which cannot be described as standard. In particular, short duration records, where except for a few peaks the amplitudes are low, have noise problems that can only be

reduced by considerable reduction of the frequency range

containing valid data. The Seismic Engineering Branch of

the U.S. Geological Survey, in continuing the digitization

and analysis of significant records, has modified the stan- dard procedures where experience has shown such adjustments are necessary, and plans to make further modification where appropriate.

On a method for synthesizing the artificial earthquake waves by using the prediction error filter, K. Ohtani and S. Kinoshita, SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: accelerogram; artificial earthquake; covariance;

filter; finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; random

variables; synthesis; wave.
Several methods for synthesizing the artificial earthquake waves have been reported for the purpose of dynamic analysis and earthquake-resistant design of structures. In the present report, the authors discuss a method by using "the

prediction error filter," in which there are less numbers of

the required parameters than those in other methods and

also these parameters are more easily estimated. This

method is based on the linear prediction model for the earthquake wave in the time domain. Therefore, parameters by which the prediction error filter is constructed are computed from the sequence of covariance matrices that represent the characteristics of earthquake waves in the time domain.

As compared with the methods using the finite Fourier

expansion by harmonic functions, this method uses the

finite Fourier expansion by uncorrelated random variables,

and the filter is designed in the time domain. Also, the number of terms of this expansion is automatically deter- mined by using "An Information Criterion" (AIC)

proposed by Akaike. The relationship introduced by the authors for synthesizing correlated multi-dimensional waves show an example of synthesis by using an observed strongmotion accelerogram.

Statistical analysis of strong-motion acceleration records, M.

Ohashi, T. Iwasaki, S. Wakabayashi, and K. Takida, SP523,

pp. IV-48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: design; earthquake magnitude; epicentral

distance; statistical analysis; strong-motion acceleration

records.

This paper briefly discusses the present status of strongmotion observation for engineering structures in Japan.

Next, it presents the results of the multiple regression analysis of 301 strong-motion acceleration records to evaluate

the effects of earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance

and subsoil condition on characteristic variables of ground

accelerations such as maximum horizontal acceleration,

time duration of major motion, ratio of vertical to horizontal accelerations, etc. The paper also shows the results of a quantification analysis of average response accelerations

obtained from 277-component horizontal acceleration

records to clarify the effects of seismic and subsoil conditions on average response spectra.

From the analysis performed, empirical formulas which

can statistically estimate maximum horizontal acceleration,

duration of major motion, and number of zero-crossing in terms of earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, and

subsoil condition, are proposed. Frequency characteristics of horizontal motions and ratios of vertical to horizontal

accelerations are evaluated and averaged depending on

subsoil conditions. Furthermore, various average response spectrum curves for a linear single-degree-of-freedom

system are proposed in terms of earthquake magnitude,

epicentral distance, and subsoil condition.

Research on design earthquake, M. Watabe, SP523, pp. IV- 78—IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: design earthquake; deterministic intensity function; historical data; maximum values; random characteristics; seismic zoning; spectral shapes; theoretical analysis.The maximum values of accelerations, velocities and dis- placements of the ground motions due to earthquakes are

first discussed utilizing the historical data as well as some

theoretical approaches. Then, duration time and the deterministic intensity function of the accelerograms are in- troduced. The predominant periods and spectral shapes of

the strong motion accelerograms are also reported. Historical earthquake data were utilized to assess the earthquake

risks in Japan. Finally the explanation of proposed "design

earthquake" concludes this report.

Determination of wave propagation velocities in subsurface

soil layers, Y. Shioi and T. Iwasaki, SP523, pp. IV-96—IV- 114 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: harmonic wave; Love waves; model structure; Rayleigh waves; soil-structure interaction; vibrator.

Activities of the Committee on Earthquake Observation on Soil-Structure Interaction have been described. One of

the committee's research activities is the research involving

the construction of a model structure, soil investigations,

dynamic tests and analysis of dynamic soil-structure in- teraction. This paper discusses the results of forced vibration tests conducted on a model structure with a vibrator which

generated harmonic waves. These waves were then compared with the Rayleigh and Love waves.

Studies on soil liquefaction related to earthquake resistant design of structures, M. Ohashi, T. Iwasaki, and F. Tatsuoka,

SP523, pp. IV-115—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: bridge foundations; dynamic triaxial tests; liquefaction; model tests; pile foundations; sand; shake

table; standard penetration test.

In order to evaluate dynamic behavior of structural foundations and embedded structures during earthquakes, it is essential to estimate the effects of the sorrounding soils on

these structures. The authors have conducted a literature survey on the effects of liquefied soils on bridge foundations and also conducted laboratory experiments using

models of pile foundations including surrounding soils. Furthermore, a simplified method to evaluate liquefaction potential of sand deposits was investigated on the basis of numbers of blows (so called N-values) by the standard

penetration test. Proposed herein are the critical N-values

which can be used in determining liquefaction potential.

This method can estimate whether the sand deposit may

likely liquefy or not during future severe earthquakes by means of comparing N-values measured at the site of in- terest with the critical values proposed. These critical values were determined on the basis of dynamic triaxial tests on undisturbed sand samples and N-values measured

at the points where the undisturbed samples were obtained.

These studies are to clarify the effects of liquefied soils on pile foundations and to establish design methodology of

pile foundations considering the effects of soil liquefaction.

Earthquake resistant design based on ground motions at base-rock, E. Kuribayashi and K. Kawashima, SP523, pp. IV- 158—IV-179 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: analytical method; base-rock; bridge foundations; deconvolution procedure; earthquake records; ground conditions; ground transfer functions; shear wave.

It is generally known that dynamic behaviors of struc- tures are influenced by their ground conditions and that earthquake ground motions recorded are dependent on

their ground conditions. In order to specify common input

earthquake motions for design of every structure on and

under ground, it is useful to select base-rocks in ground,

where effects of grounds near surface are small enough to be ignored, as an input terminal where earthquake motions

are to be specified. In order to improve such seismic

designs, discussions on necessary conditions of base-rock

and on accuracies of base-rock motions estimated by

theoretical calculations are presented. Earthquake responses of bridges are also presented £is a numerical example.

20
Basic earthquake for dam design, J. S. Dodd, SP523, pp. V-1—V-13 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: earthquakes; dams; dynamic analysis.

Modem computational techniques permit mathematical

dynamic analysis of concrete and embankment dams. Steps

in the analysis are: ( 1 ) specify location, depth, and magnitude of critical specifically located earthquakes, (2) at- tenuate seismic waves to site, (3) determine site response

to seismic waves, (4) analyze response of structure, (5) evaluate results. This discussion addresses the first step and

proposes the establishment of a minimum earthquake —the basic earthquake—for damsites in the western United

States.

Study on regional distribution of maximum earthqualce motions in Japan, M. Ozaki, Y. Kitagawa, and S. Hattori,

SP523, pp. V-14—V-44 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: earthquake danger; Gumbel's theory of ex- tremes, literature review; regional seismic coefficient map;

statistical analysis.

Research activities in the earthquake danger have been

critically reviewed. Many researchers concentrated on the study of the past earthquake data and statistical analyses

of these data. This paper presents an application of Gumbel's theory of extremes for the prediction of the intensity of future earthquakes. The paper concludes with a new regional

seismic coefficient map of Japan.

Treatments on seismic force in designing earth structures, K. Sawada, SP523, pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: culverts; design principle; earth structure; earthwork manual; fill slope; priority; retaining wall; seismic forces.

Treatment of earthquake forces in the design of retain- ing walls and of embankment slopes is discussed. The

discussion centers around the philosophy and considerations given when Japan Road Association revised its Earth

Work Manual in Road Construction.

Studies on the aseismic properties of underground pipes, K. Ohtani, N. Ogawa, and C. Minowa, SP523, pp. V-53—V-68

(Sept. 1978).

Key words: dynamic water pressure; shaking table; un- derground pipes; vibration experiments.

This paper describes the experiments of underground

pipes by using the large-scale shaking table of the National

Research Center for Disaster Prevention, the analysis

results of dynamic water pressure on pipelines caused by

earthquake motions, and the problem of the slip between

the surface of pipe and the soil. Two kinds of experiments were executed. In the first ex- periment a linear pipeline (steel) was buried in the ground

at the vicinity of this shaking table. The test pipeline was

excited by the waves which were generated from the shaking table and transmitted through the ground. The

behaviors of this pipeline and the ground would not always

be similar because of the differences in the rigidities

between pipe and soil and in the boundary conditions of

pipeline ending. In this experiment, slight differences were

measured between the behaviors of the test pipeline and

the ground.

In the second experiment, a steel pipeline with a branch

pipe was set on this shaking table and one end of the main

pipe was clumped in the shaking table foundation. And this pipeline was buried in the sand pit. The bending strains

and restoring forces of this pipeline were measured. The

dynamic strains had the values similar to those of static strains for the same displacements. The hysteresis loops,

drawn by the restoring force and displacement at the clumped end, had the energy absorption. The necessity for the second experiment was based on the slip which had

grown around the pipe surface in disastrous earthquakes.

The slip values of the infinite length pipeline with a branch

pipe were calculated for sinusoidal ground waves.

In addition to these problems concerning water supply

pipelines, etc., the water pressure in the pipelines has to be considered. In this paper, the procedure for estimating

the distributions of dynamic water pressures caused by

earthquakes without the so-called water hammer has been

developed. For example, the dynamic water pressures for model pipelines are calculated.

Observation of dynamic behavior of Kinuura Submerged

Tunnel during earthquakes, S. Nakayama, O. Kiyomiya, and

H. Tsuchida, SP523, pp. V-69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: accelerometer; axial force; bar stress trans- ducer; bending moment; displacement meter; dynamic

behavior of tunnel; power spectrum; strain .meter; sub- merged tunnel.

Kinuura Submerged Tunnel, which is located at Kinuura

Port and Aichi Prefecture, is equipped with a number of

instruments comprising of accelerometers, strain meters,

bar stress transducers, and a displacement meter, which

are intended to serve the purpose of the tunnel maintenance and to provide data for studying the behavior of

the submerged tunnel during earthquakes.

The measurement of earthquake response of the tunnel has been carried out since August, 1973 when the tunnel was opened to traffic. Fifteen earthquakes have been

recorded up to January, 1977. A part of the data thus obtained and its analysis have already been reported by the

authors. This paper describes the analysis of the data and

the result of earthquake response calculations carried out by using these earthquake records.

A proposal for earthquake resistant design methods, K. Nakano and M. Ohashi, SP523, pp. V-80—V-101 (Sept.

1978).

Key words: coefficients in aseismic design; design method;

proposed earthquake resistant design method; seismic

hazard zoning map.

This paper describes the outline of a Proposal for Earthquake Resistant Design Methods, which was

completed by the Ministry of Construction in March, 1977.

The earthquake response of hysteretic structures, W. D. Iwan and N. C. Gates, SP523, pp. VI-1 —VI-14 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: ductility; earthquake response; empirical for- mula; hysteretic structures; inelastic response spectra.

The earthquake response of a broad class of hysteretic structures is investigated. Inelastic response spectra are determined. Based on these spectra, an effective linear period and damping are defined for each type of hysteretic structure as a function of ductility. A simple empirical for- mula is presented which may be used to estimate the response of a general hysteretic structure given the linear response spectrum of the excitation. The predictions obtained from this formula are compared with those of

another frequently used scheme for estimating the response

of hysteretic structures.

21
On the abject postulate (or earthquake-resistant code, K. Nakano, Y. Ishiyama, Y. Aoki, and K. Watanabe, SPS23, pp. V-102—V-U6 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: acceptable level of human risk; construction

costs; earthquake resistant code; expected seismic force; object postulate; reliability theory; social utility.

What the object of the earthquake -resistant code should

be and how to define the object are the concerns of the object postulate. Since the seismic forces and the earthquake-resistant capacity of the buildings have certain

dispersions, it is necessary to introduce the concept of the

reliability to define the object postulate. This report deals with research on 1) dispersions, 2) relation between the earthquake-resistant capacity and the construction cost, 3)

acceptable level of human risk, and 4) principle of social

utility to optimize the importance factor, in order to define

the object postulate for the earthquake-resistant code.

Earthquake resistant design of high-rise buildings in Japan,

K. Ohtani, SP523, pp. VI-15 —VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: building height limitation; building volume

limitation; earthquake resistant design; flexural-shear model; high-rise buildings; histogram for building uses; shear model.

In January, 1964, the building height limitation which

had been stipulated in the Structural Standard Law of

Japan since 1921 was replaced with the building volume

limitation. Number of high-rise buildings exceeding 45 meters in height came out to be about 300 cases. These

buildings are examined thoroughly for the aseismic safety

by dynamic analysis instead of static analysis, and received

judge-and-rating as to the propriety of structural design

from the committee consisting of specialists. In this report, I discuss the present state of design, especially of dynamic analysis, using the design specification

presented to the above committee. The number of data

used in this report is 78 for SRC (composite steel and rein- forced concrete structure) and 160 for S (steel structure)

omitting special type structures such as high chimneys,

towers, etc. As this study is the research of materials based on the actual design specification, I refer to the problems

of aseismic design or the future subjects of research and

development by considering the trend of design.

Racking strength of wood-frame walls, R. L. Tuomi, SP523,

pp. VI-25—VI-34 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: corner brace; inplane shear forces; racking

stiffness; racking strength; windloads.

Evaluation of the racking strength of wall systems has

generally been limited to performance testing. Acceptance

criteria for ultimate racking strength of sheathed walls are based on the strength of a wall with a let-in corner brace

and horizontal board sheathing.

An analytical method for predicting racking performance

has been developed that appears promising. It is independent of panel size, and small-scale tests can be used to aug- ment the more costly standard tests. A small-scale loading

apparatus was designed for rapid testing of wall sections. Let-in corner braces using today's construction methods

and materials no longer meet even the minimum level of

acceptance. This is due to the elimination of horizontal

board sheathing and the reduction in actual lumber sizes which took place since the racking performance standards were established. Racking stiffness is an important performance consideration that has not been investigated. New testing apparatus

has been designed that will make possible future evaluations of racking stiffness.

Examination for an evaluation method of damage to existing

wooden houses caused by earthquakes, K. Ichihara, E. Kuribayashi, T. Tazaki, and T. Hadate, SP523, pp. VII- 1—VII15 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: damages of structure by earthquake; disaster mitigation; probability theory; ratio of razed houses;

wooden houses.

In an effort to help draft an earthquake disaster mitigation program, an evaluation method for damages of struc- tures by earthquakes is proposed. Concepts of the ratios of

razed houses and probability theories with number of razed

houses have been employed in the method.

Relationship between modified Mercalli intensity and wood

frame dwelling earthquake insurance, K. V. Steinbrugge and

S. T. Algermissen, SP523, pp. VII-16—VII-28 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: earthquake insurance; earthquake losses; intensity-loss relationships; loss simulation.

Traditionally, earthquake insurance rates have been

based on business judgment tempered by engineering input

obtained from analyses of observed earthquake damage.

The development of loss simulation techniques has pro- vided important new input for improvement of the basis for earthquake insurance rates. Some important loss simulation results are reviewed. Modified Mercalli intensity can

be directly related to dwelling loss and is an important

parameter in dwelling loss simulation studies. Careful additional study of existing dwelling loss data (such as is availa- ble for the 1971 San Fernando, California, earthquake)

together with well planned damage studies after future earthquakes will lead to greatly improved loss estimates.

Probabilistic loss models should also be developed for dwelling loss studies and the effects of parameter uncertainties taken into account.

Warrants for retrofitting highway bridges, A. Longinow, E. Bergmann, and J. D. Cooper, SP523, pp. VIII-1— VIII-21

(Sept. 1978).

Key words: bridges; earthquake; retrofit decision. A methodology for determining whether or not to seismically retrofit an existing bridge is presented. The

method is based on the concept of identifying and comparing the importance of the bridge to its structural integrity.

Criticality factors which are expressed in terms of bridge

classification and its importance to the social, medical,

economic, and security needs of a geographical area fol- lowing a natural disaster are developed. Structural factors,

which estimate a bridge's ability to withstand an

earthquake, are determined analytically or by inspection.

The criticality and structural factors are compared to determine if a bridge warrants retrofitting. The method is demonstrated by example.

Criterion on the evaluation of seismic safety of existing rein- forced concrete buildings, K. Nakano, M. Hirosawa, and S. Okamoto, SP523, pp. VIIl-22— VIII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: evaluation method of seismic safety; nonstructural elements; reinforced concrete buildings; seismic

safety index; structural elements.

The outline of "Criterion on the Evaluation of Seismic

Safety of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings" by the Ministry of Construction is discussed in detail. The evaluation method consists of three steps with use of various

seismic indices.

22
Transferring the technology for wind-resistant buildings to developing countries, N. J. Raufaste, Jr., SP523, pp. VIII- 42—Vin-46 (Sept. 1978).

Key words: buildings; design criteria; developing countries; technology transfer; windloads.

The National Bureau of Standards project to develop improved design criteria for low-rise buildings to better resist high winds was recently completed. It contained two essential parts. The first included developing technology to reduce wind damage to buildings through improved build- ing practices. The second part centered around malcing

sure these improved building practices actually reached the

individuals who construct and live in buildings. The latter has traditionally received minimum attention. This paper

presents a method for getting the results of the NBS wind

research to the building community which includes build- ing owners and users who need it most. A 3-level approach

to this method is described. The method used can be a model for other research projects aimed at technical, semitechnical, or even semi-literate audiences.

SP524. Assessment of current building regulatory methods as applied to the needs of historic preservation projects, R. V. Keune, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 524, 87 pages

(Oct. 1978) SNO03-OO3-O1990-9.

Key words: architecture; building regulatory system; codes;

health and safety; historic buildings; historic preservation;

impacts; performance-based standards; research. To meet contemporary health and safety requirements as defined by the building regulatory system, conflicts frequently occur with the needs of historic building preservation projects.

This project: ( 1 ) identified, evaluated and proposed historic preservation categorical definitions as applied to buildings; (2)

developed performance objectives, requirements, criteria and

tests for each definition category; and (3) identified and as- sessed those current methods most commonly used by regulatory jurisdictions to mitigate adverse impacts on building preser- vation projects.

SPS30. Metrication in building design, production, and construction —A compendium of 10 papers, H. J. Milton, Nat. Bur.

Stand. {U.S.), Spec. Publ. 530, 188 pages (Sept. 1978)

SN003-003-01971-2.

Key words: economics of metric conversion; harmonization; management of change; metrication; metric

familiarization; rationalization; SI; standardization; transi- tional period.

This publication is a compendium of ten papers prepared by

Hans J. Milton, Technical Consultant on metrication and

dimensional coordination to the NBS Center for Building

Technology. It may be used as an information and general

reference document in the metric subject area. International experience has enabled the author to refer to precedent in other English-speaking countries which have

preceded the United States in the change to metric (SI). The

papers are directed at the disciplines of building design,

production, and construction. However, they contain much in- formation which could be adapted for use in other sectors of

the economy.

Some of the subject areas addressed are: management and

economics of metrication; specific product metrication; public

construction sector role in metrication; building standards and

codes in metrication; graphic design in metrication; and. United

States' opportunities in metrication.

A subject index has been included for ready reference to

specific metric topics. This compendium includes the following

papers (indented):

More efficient technology, research, industry and commerce—The metric opportunity, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 1- 9 (Sept. 1978).

Metrication in the construction community—The role of the Federal agencies and the public construction sector, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 11-20 (Sept. 1978).

The principal management considerations in metrication of construction standards and codes, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 21-37 (Sept. 1978).

Managerial and economic considerations in the change to a metric production environment, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 39- 60 (Sept. 1978).

Metrication and the contracting community, H. J. Milton,

SP530, pp. 61-80 (Sept. 1978).

Metrication —A concrete opportunity, H. J. Milton, SP530,

pp. 81-99 (Sept. 1978).

Metric sizes for building lumber and other wood products:

The issues, international precedent, and suggestions for the U.S. wood products industry, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 101-

133 (Sept. 1978).

New measures in graphic design and publications—The ad- vance of the metric system, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 135-146

(Sept. 1978).

Metric training and familiarization of personnel, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 147-163 (Sept. 1978).

Guidelines for the metric transitional perifid in building

design and construction, H. J. Milton, SP530, pp. 165-181

(Sept. 1978).

23
HANDBOOKS

Recommended codes of engineering and industrial practice

(including safety codes) developed in cooperation with in- terested industries, professional organizations, and regulatory

bodies.

HI 24. Energy management for furnaces, kilns, and ovens, L. A. Wood, J. F. Ward, and K. G. Kreider, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.), Handb. 124, 44 pages (Jan. 1978) SN003-003-01 8 1 1-

2.

Key words: energy conservation, industrial; furnaces, ener- gy conservation; heat balance; industrial energy conservation; kilns, energy conservation; ovens, energy conservation.

This handbook, part of the EPIC Energy Management Series,

is directed to the user of direct-fired heating equipment in light

industry. Other publications in this series outline steps to plan

and establish an energy conservation program in a business or

industry. This handbook is a guide to making decisions as to

just what actions are appropriate and effective for energy

savings in equipment such as furnaces, kilns, and ovens. The

major technique described is the heat balance. Examples of

heat balances are used to identify energy losses on a batch fur- nace, a continuous paint dryer oven, and a slot forging furnace. Typical energy conservation opportunities in combustion control, insulation, etc. are discussed. Simplified methods of calculation ai d measurement are given. Benefit/cost analysis and the time required to recoup investment are described as means of

evaluating energy-saving investments.

24
NBS INTERAGENCY REPORTS

The Interagency Reports are a special series of interim or

final reports on work generally performed by NBS for outside

sponsors (both government and non-government). When

released by the National Bureau of Standards, and the Sponsor,

initial distribution is handled by the Sponsor. Public availability

is by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS),

Springfield, Va. 22161. This series must be ordered from NTIS

by the order number listed at the end of each entry.

NBSIR 77-1238. Technical guidelines for energy conservation,

Building Environment Division of NBS, 406 pages (June

1977). Order from NTIS as AD-A041668.

Key words: Air Force facilities; building energy conservation; energy management; evaluation and monitoring; sur- vey of buildings.

This report provides detailed technical material on various

energy conservation actions for existing Air Force facilities and

utility systems. It is specifically tailored to serve as a working

document for Base engineers and technical personnel. The report covers energy conservation for Air Force facilities, including the equipment for providing hot water, space heating and

cooling, lighting, and humidification. It also covers central plant

systems and underground distribution systems (hot water,

steam, and chilled water). It does not cover energy conservation measured for tactical or mission-related equipment such as ground vehicles or fighter aircraft.

NBSIR 77-1247. Proposed technical data requirements for the

National Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Program,

138 pages (Apr. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB280182

Key words: data requirements; noninstrumented data; solar

buildings; Solar energy; solar heating and cooling; solar hot

water.

Public Law 93-409, the "Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974" calls for the development of interim per- formance criteria for solar heating and cooling systems and the

buildings in which they will be used. Section 8 of the law provides for the use of data from the demonstration program to develop definitive performance criteria, as well as testing

procedures whereby manufacturers can certify that their products conform to definitive performance criteria. Responsibility for the development of these definitive performance

criteria has been assigned by the Energy Research and

Development Administration and the Department of Housing

and Urban Development to the National Bureau of Standards

(NBS).

The plan presented in this document was prepared in order

to define the technical noninstrumentation (TNI) data required

by NBS in order to effectively monitor the residential and commercial demonstration programs, mandated by PL 93-409, for feedback. These data either cannot be collected electronically or can be gathered more effectively by other means.

This plan is intended to be a companion document to a

similar plan published by NBS in August 1976 which identified the instrumentation data required by NBS to monitor and eval- uate the "thermal effectiveness" and reliability of solar heating,

cooling and hot water systems.

NBSIR 77-1271. Method of testing, rating and estimating the seasonal performance of central air conditioners and heat pumps operating in the cooling mode, G. E. Kelly and W. H. Parken, Jr., 78 pages (Apr. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB280107.

Key words: central air conditioners; heat pumps; rating

procedure; seasonal cost of operation; test method.

The National Bureau of Standards has made a study of the part-load and seasonal performance of residential central air conditioners and heat pumps operating in the cooling mode.

This document outlines methods for testing and rating these

units which account for the variation in performance due to part-load operation and change in outdoor air temperature. A

calculation procedure is presented which can be used to esti- mate the seasonal performance and seasonal cost of operation

of residential central-cooling equipment.

25
NBSIR 77-1306. Levels of illumination and legibility, G. T. Yonemura, W. M. Benson, and R. Tibbott, 31 pages (Nov.

1977). Order from NTIS as PB276531.

Key words: energy conservation; illumination levels; lighting; lighting design; task lighting.

The visibility of tasks encountered in the working world

ranges from easy to difficult to see objects. The assumption

that experiments performed for threshold targets (difficult to see) can be extrapolated to higher contrast tasks (easy) was

tested. The experiments indicate that threshold level studies should not be extrapolated to suprathreshold levels. The per- formance of the eye is not the same at the two levels. The

threshold function is monotonic, that is, contrast required for detection decreases monotonically as luminance is increased,

whereas the suprathreshold experiments result in a function

with a minimum or optimum luminance level. Recommendations are made to expand the empirical base from which

lighting level recommendations are derived to include the more commonly occurring situation involving visual task performance

for suprathreshold tasks.

NBSIR 77-1314. Solar energy systems—Survey of materials per- formance, L. F. Skoda and L. W. Masters, 114 pages (Oct.

1977). Order from NTIS as PB273305.

Key words: absorber coatings; absorber plates; cover

plates; enclosure; insulation; materials performance; reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials; solar energy

systems; standards. A study was performed to obtain data regarding the per- formance of materials in operational solar energy systems, to

identify and assess available standards for evaluating materials,

to provide recommendations for the development of test method standards for materials and to provide guidelines to aid the selection of materials for use in solar energy systems. During the study, field inspections of approximately twenty-five

operational solar energy systems were performed and a questionnaire was sent to 459 manufacturers and installation contractors to obtain materials performance data. This report

contains the findings of the study. A primary conclusion is that the process of selecting materials for specific applications

within solar energy systems is hindered by the lack of an

adequate data base of materials performance under the conditions experienced in solar systems and subsystems. Recommendations are made that would help in establishing an improved

data base.

NBSIR 77-1380. Experimental determinations of temperatures

and power losses at the electrical connections of some duplex

receptacles, G. W. Burns, M. G. Scroger, G. A. Evans, R. W.

Beausoliel, and W. J. Meese, 65 pages (Apr. 1978). Order

from NTIS as PB28007 1

.

Key words; branch circuits; duplex receptacles; electrical connections; power loss; temperatures; thermocouples;

wire.

The data presented in this report compare the reliability of

power loss determination with the reliability of temperature

measurements as a means for determining the quality and

adequacy of electrical connections on wiring devices used in branch circuit wiring. The basic premise for the tests presented

here is that in the laboratory the determination of power loss

is easier, quicker, and not nearly as dependent on environmental factors as temperature. This research indicates that, if power

at a specific current level does not exceed some set values(s),

temperatures will not be excessive. This investigation also illustrates the overheating problems

associated with copper-wire electrical connections. No. 14 copper wire connections frequently showed significant rises in

temperatures and significantly increjised power losses when

tightened to a torque of only 2 Ibf-in, as compared to nominally tight connections (6 Ibf in or more).

NBSIR 77-1388. A new look at windows, B. L. Collins, R. T. Ruegg, R. Chapman, and T. Kusuda, 40 pages (Jan. 1978).

Order from NTIS as PB276747.

Key words: daylighting; energy conservation; life-cycle costs; residential; solar heat gain; window; window management.

Recent design recommendations have called for reduced window area in buildings to conserve energy. This article presents new information on thermal loads, daylighting, management,

and life-cycle costs which indicates that such recommendations

may neglect important design and operational aspects of windows which can conserve energy resources and reduce life- cycle building costs. A case example is described in which

energy consumption and life-cycle costs are given for windows

in a typical house in the Washington, D.C. area. Noticeable

reductions in overall energy consumption and life-cycle costs are found if daylight is used, and if the window is managed. It

is suggested that lending institutions and builders consider the long-term effects of window design and operation decisions.

NBSIR 77-1399. Performance of a water-thinned polyurethane

seamless flooring system, M. Godette and P. Campbell, 79

pages (Dec. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB275390.

Key words: field demonstration; high traffic areas; laboratory findings; maintenance engineers; service conditions;

solvent-thinned polyurethane system; vinyl title; water- thinned polyurethane system.

This paper summarizes the work of a two-year project to evaluate the performance of a water-thinned polyurethane

seamless flooring system. The goals of this project included: 1

)

To evaluate by laboratory tests and field demonstrations the performance and durability characteristics of a water-thinned

polyurethane seamless flooring system; 2) To compare the per- formance of a water-thinned polyurethane system with solvent- thinned polyurethane systems and other conventional flooring

materials; and 3 ) To recommend performance criteria for the

selection of water-thinned polyurethane seamless flooring

systems.

The project was divided into two phases, laboratory evaluation and field demonstration. Data obtained from local maintenance engineers at the 20 demonstration sites confirmed

laboratory findings that the system did not compare favorably

with conventional flooring systems for use in high traffic areas.

NBSIR 77-1402. The National Cancer Institute's Emergency

Virus Isolation Facility: A case study for use in developing a methodology of post-occupancy evaluation, G. E. Turner, J. Elder, and A. I. Rubin, 72 pages (Dec. 1977). Order from

NTIS as PB2754I0.

Key words: architectural analysis; architectural evaluation;

architectural process; architectural research; building

evaluation; building research; man and environment relations; people and buildings; post-construction evaluation.

The National Cancer Institute's Emergency Virus Isolation

Facility is a laboratory building designed to provide an experimental research environment for all levels of hazardous work

related to virus-cancer research. This report represents an at- tempt to develop a generalizable model for building evaluation

through the analysis of the pre-design programming process and

the post-construction operation management of the facility.

26
NBSIR 77-1405. Determination and verification of thermal

response factors for thermal conduction applications, B. A.

Peavy, 33 pages (Apr. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB

283011. Key words: dyrfamic conduction heat transfer; heat

transfer; thermal response factor; verification. New formulas for calculating thermal response factors for multiple-layer construction have been developed by a rigorous

derivation. A comparison wsis made of the time for computation between the presently used matrix algebra method and the method given in this paper. Results were obtained using the new method in one-fiftieth to one-half of the computational

time necessary to obtain solutions from the matrix algebra

method. Comparisons with another analytical method were per- formed to verify the accuracy of the response-factor technique.

NBSIR 77-1411. International research— The FY 1977 survey

of CBT's international programs, M. Olmert, Ed., 84 pages (Mar. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB279403.

Key words: building practices; building research; codes and

standards; housing; international cooperation; technology

transfer.

This report presents the international research activities of

the Center for Building Technology during the transition quarter and Fiscal Year 1977. In general, the objectives of this work were to spread the results of building research worldwide

in hopes of creating a better built environment. Last year CBT

continued working closely with less-developed countries to im- prove their building practices. The Center also continued

cooperative research efforts with a number of countries that have acknowledged expertise in particular areas of building

research, such as England, Israel, and France, to name but a few. On such projects, the Center pursued common research

goals alongside the building researchers from other nations on

studies of critical importance to all nations, such as energy and

natural resources conservation.

NBSIR 77-1413. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards, S. A. Berry, Ed., 146 pages (Jan. 1978). Order from

NTIS as PB2801 13.

Key words: ASHRAE 90-P; building codes; mobile homes;

National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards; NCSBCS; proceedings; 8th Annual Conference.

This document contains the edited proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the National Conference of States on

Building Codes and Standards (NCSBCS), held in Sante Fe, New Mexico, April 27-May 1, 1975.

In addition, it includes listings of the State Delegates and

Committee members for the 8th Annual Conference Year, and

the Committee Reports, as finalized, submitted and approved

by the State Delegates to NCSBCS, meeting in Annual Session.

NBSIR 77-1437. Solar energy systems—Standards for rubber

seals, R. D. Stiehler, A. Hockman, E. J. Embree, and L. W.

Masters, 64 pages (Mar. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB280114.

Key words: rubber seals; solar collectors; solar energy

systems; standards; test methods.

A study was performed to develop standards for rubber seals used in solar systems. Thirty preformed and liquid applied seals were evaluated in the laboratory using modified ASTM stan- dard test methods to obtain data needed to prepare the standards. Also, studies were performed to develop a test method

for determining the effects of outgassing on the transmittance

of solar collector covers. The results of the laboratory tests are presented and stan- dards for rubber seals in solar energy systems are proposed.

NBSIR 78-1 143A. Plan for the development and implementation

of standards for solar heating and cooling applications, D. Waksman, J. H. Pielert, R. D. Dikkers, E. R. Streed, and W.

J. Niessing, 58 pages (June 1978). Order from NTIS as PB283237.

Key words: buildings; solar energy; standards. The plan, concerning the need, implementation and general scope of standards which may be required for solar heating and

cooling applications, has been updated to reflect the progress made in the development of these standards. Overviews of the

building regulatory system in the United States are given along

with a listing of the various standards which will be required

for the various solar systems, subsystems, components and

materials. These include Test Method Standards, Recommended Practice Standards and Specification Standards. Activities relative to standards implementation include laboratory accreditation and certification. A list of training activities and

manuals of accepted practice is presented. The development of

standards for solar applications by the Federal Government are

outlined, as well as the potential interface and utilization of the

existing consensus standards generating organizations.

NBSIR 78-130SA. Provisional flat plate solar collector testing

procedures: First revision, D. Waksman, E. R. Streed, T. W.

Reichard, and L. E. Cattaneo, 65 pages (June 1978). Supersedes NBSIR 77-1305. Order from NTIS as PB283721.

Key words: durability/reliability; fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors; structural performance; testing procedures;

thermal performance.

This document represents the first revision to NBSIR 77-

1305. The test methods contained in this report and the provisional rating criteria presented in an appendix are intended for use in determining the thermal performance, and to aid in the assessment of the safety and durability/reliability of flat plate

solar collectors. These test methods and rating criteria have

been selected after the review of over 400 accepted industry

standards and are consistent with the intent of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Minimum

Property Standards (MPS) and the Interim Performance

Criteria (IPC) prepared by the National Bureau of Standards

(NBS) for the Department of Energy (DoE) and HUD respectively. Many of the test methods and rating criteria contained

in this report are preliminary in nature and will be evaluated

during a collector testing program being sponsored by DoE. It

is, therefore, recommended that regulatory agencies consider

the developmental status of these procedures in evaluating their

suitability for adoption. It is intended that revisions will be

made as more experience is gained and inputs received from

appropriate industry representatives, testing laboratories,

designers, etc.

NBSIR 78-1395. Performance guidelines for a modular in- tegrated utility system, D. J. Mitchell, 92 pages (Nov. 1978).

Order from NTIS as PB289783.

Key words: conservation; integrated utilities; performance

guidelines; residential utilities; total energy; utilities.

Performance Guidelines for a Modular Integrated Utility

System (MIUS) is an aid to construct conceptual, preliminary

and final designs for a specific MIUS to be built in a particular

geographic location. This document defines generic performance of a MIUS serv- ing a residential/commercial development. These performance

requirements, criteria, and evaluations identify engineering

parameters and other constraints associated with electrical ser- vice, thermal energy, solid waste management, potable water management, and wastewater management provided by a single, local, integrated source. There are also performance

27
requirements, criteria, and evaluations for end-use considerations such as environmental impact, health, safety, and subjective acceptability. It is recognized that in view of the many

possible combinations of MIUS designs, ownership, methods for implementation, local regulations, a MIUS implementor may

wish to omit and/or greatly simplify many of the remaining per- formance requirements, criteria and evaluations contained

herein.

NBSIR 78-1449. The effects of herbicides on masonry, J. E. Feam, 25 pages (May 1978). Order from NTIS as PB281563.

Key words: acidic; alkaline; degradation; herbicide; historic structures; masonry.

In preserving historic structures, the control of obnoxious

vegetation is a serious problem. To deal with this problem, a number of organic herbicides have been developed by industry.

The efficacy of herbicides in the control of plant life has been

studied to a great degree; but heretofore, very little has been

reported about the possible effects of these chemical plant killers on the materials they are designed to protect. In this work, an exhaustive survey of pertinent literature has been undertaken. Obtaining very little specific information from litera- ture, a correlation has been drawn between the effects of

masonry of materials similar in chemistry to herbicides and the

effects that would be expected from the herbicides themselves. Methods for checking the validity of conclusions are suggested.

NBSIR 78-1463. Studies on the photodegradation of poly(methyl

methacrylate), M. Abouelezz and P. F. Waters, 62 pages (May 1978). Order from NTIS as PB281828.

Key words: degradation; photodegradation; poly( methyl

methacrylate); UV.

Although poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, is known to degrade when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, studies at

wavelengths other than 253.7 nm have not been done. The lack of knowledge about the mechanism of degradation of PMMA

at wavelengths other than 253.7 nm hinders efforts to develop

short-term test methods for predicting the long-term per- formance of PMMA in applications in which it is exposed to

sunlight. This study was performed to determine the effect of

ultraviolet radiation on PMMA and to identify mechanisms of degradation induced by radiation. Thin films of PMMA of two different molecular weights were

irradiated with radiation nominally of 253.7 nm and 300 nm. The irradiations were conducted in air and under vacuum. Exposure at 253.7 nm caused a rapid decrease in molecular mass

and loss of a small amount of volatile products, which is a

characteristic of random chain scission. The quantum yield was

greater in air than in vacuum. Changes in the molecular mass

and the glass transition temperature as well as weight loss data

indicating that wavelengths bands at greater than 253.7 nm also cause degradation. The data further indicate that the degradation at the longer wavelengths may not be completely random

scission.

NBSIR 78-1466. Evaluation of new portable x-ray fluorescent

lead analyzers for measuring lead in paint, A. P. Cramp and

H. W. Berger, 59 pages (May 1978). Order from NTIS as PB282254.

Key words: accuracy; calibration; evaluation; lead; paint;

poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent.

Portable x-ray fluorescent lead analyzers offer the most costeffective and adaptable means for the nondestructive detection

and measurement of lead in paint in housing. However, commercially available portable lead analyzers have had poor accuracy and precision below lead levels of about 3.0 milligrams of

lead per square centimeter of surface area. This is particularly serious because the current operational criteria for lead paint

hazard abatement, 1.5 or 2.0 mg/cm of lead maximum (used

28
in many communities) is in this range. They have also per- formed relatively unsatisfactorily with regard to serviceability

and maintenance. Two new portable lead analyzers based on

x-ray fluorescence have been developed under HUD contracts. The prototypes of one of these devices have shown considerable improvement over previously available instruments in terms

of accuracy, portability, and user characteristics. This report

discusses the performance and operating characteristics of the new lead analyzers.

NBSIR 78-1471. The role of economic analysis in the development of energy standards for new buildings, S. R. Petersen, 48 pages (July 1978). Order from NTIS as PB284461.

Key words: benefit-cost analysis; building economics; build- ing standards; energy conservation; life-cycle building

costs; performance standards.

The Federal Government and a number of states are currently developing energy conservation standards for new

buildings. This report suggests that economic considerations be

incorporated directly into the standards development process. A life-cycle benefit-cost approach to standards development

can provide a systematic and objective framework for standards

specification. Differences in climate, building type, energy cost, and operational requirements can be directly incorporated into the standard as they impact energy-related benefits and costs.

It is shown that the life-cycle costs associated with any given

overall conservation goal can be reduced by developing an

economically balanced standard. In addition, it suggests that a

standard which has as its goal the minimization of life-cycle costs will likely lead to greater effective energy savings than al- ternative approaches. Specific suggestions for the incorporation

of economic analysis into the standards development process

are made.

NBSIR 78-1475. Air leakage measurements in three apartment

houses in the Chicago area, C. M. Hunt, J. M. Porterfield,

and P. Ondris, 27 pages (June 1978). Order from NTIS as PB283722.

Key words: air infiltration; air leakage; low income housing; sulfur hexafluoride tracer.

Air infiltration measurements were made in three apartment

houses in the Chicago area using SFg as a tracer gas. Two were

in tenement districts and one was suburban. Data were col- lected in selected apartments in each building, and these data were used to estimate the infiltration rate for the entire building. Whole building estimates of 0.94 and 1.2 air changes per hour were obtained under the conditions of tests in the tene- ment apartments, and 0.82 air changes per hour in the subur- ban apartment.

Comparisons of the tightness of individual dwelling units by

fan pressurization-depressurization techniques were also made.

The suburban apartment was found to be much tighter than the other two apartments. The difference was much greater than

predicted by the tracer tests. An analysis of the ASHRAE Crack Method is also made.

NBSIR 78-1477. Exploratory study of temperatures produced

by self-heating of residential branch circuit wiring when sur- rounded by thermal insulation, R. W. Beausoliel, W. J. Meese, and L. S. Galowin, 54 pages (July 1978). Order from

NTIS as PB2847 1 1

.

Key words: branch circuit wiring; electrical fires; heat

generation in receptacles; insulated buildings; overheating

conductors; residential branch circuit wiring; thermal insulation and electrical wiring.

The purpose of the work presented in this paper was to make

preliminary determination under laboratory conditions of temperatures that might develop on residential electrical wiring

covered by thermal insulation when carrying rated currents or

currents slightly above rated values. The results show that temperatures on conductors sur- rounded by thermal insulation can greatly exceed the maximum

service temperatures for the wire insulation. Results also show

that some types of insulation currently used to retrofit buildings

may fill wall outlet boxes and contact the current carrying ele- ments and connections of duplex receptacles.

This study indicates need for a concentrated study of temperatures that might develop on residential electrical wiring

covered by thermal insulation.

NBSIR 78-1490. Standards referenced in the National Building

Code, J. M. Hicks, Jr., Suppl. to NBSIR 76-1140, 43 pages

(July 1978). Order from NTIS as PB2848I9.

Key words: building codes; building regulations; building

regulatory systems; model building codes; standards.

This report is a supplement to NBSIR 76-1140, "Standards

Referenced in Selected Building Codes," published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, and

is intended to provide a base for assisting the building community in updating, utilizing and maintaining the standards

referenced in the 1976 edition of the National Building Code

promulgated by the American Insurance Association. In addition to identifying each standard referenced in the code, this publication lists the current date of the standard, its title, the date of the code and the locations within the code where the standard is referenced.

NBSIR 78-1495. Factors affecting the durability of adobe structures, P. W. Brown, C. R. Robbins, and J. R. Clifton, 41 pages (July 1978). Order from NTIS as PB286096.

Key words: adobe; clay; particle size distribution; soluble

salt analysis; weathering; x-ray analysis.

Adobe samples from three sites of historic interest in the

State of Arizona were analyzed to determine their mineral as- semblages, particle size distributions, soluble salt contents, and

porosities. These analyses were accompanied by microscopic

observations of polished sections and thin sections. These data were correlated with the weathering observed and it was found

that soluble salt action was responsible for the deterioration of

the adobe from one of the sites. The nature of the particle size distribution has resulted in the rapid deterioration of the adobe

from a second site. The adobe from a third site was found to be well consolidated due to the presence of large amounts of

calcite.

NBSIR 78-1503. State adopted building regulations for the construction of manufactured buildings—An analysis, P. W.

Cooke and R. M. Eisenhard, 215 pages (July 1978). Order

from NTIS as PB284685.

Key words: building regulation; construction; enforcement;

inspection; legislation; manufactured building; rules and

regulations; standards.

This report summarizes the status and characteristics of State adopted building regulatory programs specific to the construction of manufactured buildings. Included are tabularized data

and summary information relative to: technical codes upon

which regulations are based; extent to which established technical provisions contained in recognized national model codes

have been amended by certain States; differences from a regulatory standpoint between each States treatment of manufactured building construction and conventional construction; oc- cupancy classifications and type of compliance assurance activi29
ties covered by each States' program; definitions for "manufactured building" and related terms as defined in State

regulations.

NBSIR 78-1508. Human response to fire: Three designs for

research, F. I. Stahl, 33 pages (Mar. 20, 1978). Order from

NTIS as PB284959.

Key words: architectural psychology; environmental

psychology; fire escape; fire safety; human research; research design.

As a group, empirical investigators of the responses of build- ing occupants to emergencies employ idiosyncratic, nonreplicable techniques for research design, data acquisition, and data

analysis. As a result, it has been difficult to explain the in- fluence of many, often uncontrolled, variables. This shortcoming has frequently rendered research findings indeterminate and

noncumulative. This paper explores three exemplary research

design strategies, each aimed at mitigating these problems by

introducing a greater degree of rigor into the study of human

responses to fires. Both exploratory and experimental designs

are considered in various problem contexts.

NBSIR 78-1514. A computer simulation of human behavior in building fires: Interim report, F. I. Stahl, 133 (Sept. 1978).

Order from NTIS as PB289272.

Key words: architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computer-aided design; fire computer program; fire research; fire safety; human per- formance; model documentation; modeling technique; pro- gramming; simulation.

This interim report presents the conceptual development,

structure, and function of BFIRES, a computer program

designed to simulate human movement behavior during building fires. The basic model underlying BFIRES is derived from

a nonstationary, discrete time Markov Process. This model

postulates that occupants construct their emergency responses and behavioral decisions dynamically, in response to continually changing social and environmental information fields. The simulation of this process is accomplished through

BFIRES, a computer program written in FORTRAN V.

Directions for further study are discussed.

NBSIR 78-1525. Climate data abbreviation for the computerized

calculation of heating and cooling requirements in buildings, E. A. Arens and D. H. Nail, 67 pages (Dec. 1978). Order

from NTIS as PB289927.

Key words: climate data; computer; energy; load-calculation; residential; weather.

This paper documents the development of a climate data abbreviation technique for building thermal analysis. The paper

first discusses the characteristics of computerized building ther- mal simulations and the requirements for abbreviated data. The

technique is then described together with the statistical analyses

used to develop it. A series of tests of the representativeness

of the abbreviated climate data are documented. Finally, the

limitations and potentials of the abbreviation technique are

discussed.

NBSIR 78-1528. An economic analysis of building code impacts:

A suggested approach, J. S. McConnaughey, Jr., 67 pages

(Oct. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB287405.

Key words: benefit-cost analysis; benefit-risk analysis;

building codes and standards; building regulations; building

safety; economic analysis; economics of safety; electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters.

This report suggests an evaluation approach which can be

used by building officials and legislative bodies faced with making building code decisions. A method to evaluate many of the

potential benefit and cost impacts of specific building code

provisions is developed. The report also defines and categorizes the economic impacts of building codes. While no approach to classifying building code impacts will be fully appropriate for

all uses, the definitions and categories proposed may help to

clarify or reconcile some of the differing opinions concerning

the impact of building codes. Finally, the report illustrates the suggested approach by evaluating the 1975 National Electrical Code requirement for the use of Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) in residences. Based on sensitivity analysis, esti- mates are made of how much it costs society in order to save one life through the GFCI code provision. This case study concludes that the estimated cost to save a life is nearly $4 million. A lower bound estimate of the cost to save a life is about $2.5

to $3.5 million.

NBSIR 78-1532. Environmental and safety considerations for solar heating and cooling applications, D. Waksman and J. Holton, 35 pages (Sept. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB287772.

Key words: fire safety; health; physical hazards; safety; solar heating and cooling; structural performance; toxicity.

The HUD Minimum Property Standards (MPS) and the "residential" and "commercial" interim performance criteria (IPC) prepared by the National Bureau of Standards address

many health and safety considerations that need to be considered by solar heating and cooling system designers. For ex- ample, factors such as the toxicity and flammability of heat

transfer fluids are often not considered in the design of systems.

Similarly, attention is seldom paid to the safe disposal of these

fluids. These problems are compounded by the lack of clear guidelines as to which fluids constitute hazards that warrant

special consideration. This report is intended to create an in- creased sense of awareness of the health and safety aspects of

solar heating and cooling applications by extracting and amalgamating pertinent provisions of the MPS and IPC documents.

Some of the areas that are addressed include: structural safety,

heat transfer fluid toxicity and flammability considerations in- cluding the protection of potable water, effects of solar equipment on the fire resistance of buildings, and protection from

physical hazards.

NBSIR 78-1535. Laboratories technically qualified to test solar

collectors in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 93-77: A

summary report, W. J. Niessing, 39 pages (Nov. 1978).

Order from NTIS as PB289729.

Key words: collector; evaluation; laboratories; qualification; solar; testing.

In fulfilling its responsibilities under the National Program for Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings established as a result of the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974

(PL 93-409) and related legislation, the Energy Research and

Development Administration (ERDA) requested the National

Bureau of Standards (NBS) to develop criteria for assessing the

capabilities of laboratories for testing solar collectors, to identify those laboratories qualified to test solar collectors, and to develop a plan for the certification of solar collectors. NBS engaged the professional services of ARI Foundation,

Inc. (ARIF), a subsidiary of the Air-Conditioning and

Refrigeration Institute (ARI), to identify laboratories qualified

to test solar collectors and to develop documentation for a

solar collector certification program. ARI is a national trade as- sociation of manufacturers of air-conditioning and refrigeration

equipment with estabhshed experience and background in stan- dards development for HVAC equipment and the conduct of

certification programs for such equipment.

30
This summary report covers the identification of qualified

solar collector testing laboratories. It discusses the procedures

used by ARIF, the results of their evaluation and lists the

laboratories evaluated as qualified to test solar collectors in ac- cordance with American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 93-77.

NBSIR 78-1537. An exploratory study of dielectric breakdown

voltages for residential wiring, J. E. V. Raduan, R. W.

Beausoliel, and W. J. Meese, 34 pages (Oct. 1978). Order

from NTIS as PB288857.

Key words: dielectric breakdown voltages; dielectric withstand voltage tests; residential wiring; surge voltages.

Residential electric circuits are subjected to surge voltages

resulting from load switching in buildings, and from external causes such as lightning. Laboratory test data are presented on

high voltage breakdown values for armored cable (type AC

cable), nonmetallic-sheathed cable (type NM), flat conductor

cable, and duplex receptacles. Dielectric withstand voltage test requirements in current standards for residential wiring and

wiring devices vary over a wide range. In some cases, the stan- dard test voltage values for both wiring and wiring devices are

less than surge voltages recorded on wiring in residences. Also,

field-recorded voltage wave forms and rates of their application

are different from those used in standard withstand voltage

tests.

NBSIR 78-1542. State-of-the-art study of heat exchangers used

with solar assisted domestic hot water systems (Potential con- tamination of potable water supply), F. E. Metz and M. J. Orloski, 82 pages (July 1978). Order from NTIS as PB287410.

Key words: contamination; corrosion; heat exchanger; heat

transfer fluids; potable water; solar energy; standards; toxicity.

This report presents the results of a nonquantitative state-of- the-art study of heat exchangers used with solar assisted domestic hot water systems where a heat exchanger interface

exists between the potable water supply and a heat transfer

fluid. Emphasis is placed on the potential for contaminating the potable water supply if failures should occur. The study considers ( 1 ) characteristics of various heat exchanger types and

their relative safety; (2) characteristics of heat exchanger fluids (toxicity, corrosivity, thermal properties, etc.); (3) regulatory

considerations; and (4) designs of similar systems with potential

for contamination.

NBSIR 78-1543. Recommended testing and calculation procedures for determining the seasonal performance of re- sidential central furnaces and boilers, G. E. Kelly, J. Chi, and

M. E. Kuklewicz, 110 pages (Oct. 1978). Order from NTIS

as PB289484.

Key words: annual operating cost; boilers; fossil fuel heat- ing systems; furnaces; part load performance; rating

procedures; seasonal efficiency.

As part of the requirements of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (PL 94-163) passed by Congress in December 1975,

the Department of Energy (formerly Federal Energy Administration) directed the National Bureau of Standards to develop

test procedures for certain covered consumer products, includ- ing residential central furnaces and boilers. This report summarizes NBS recommendations on how these central heating

appliances may be tested in the laboratory and the resulting

data used to calculate their annual fuel utilization efficiencies and annual operating costs.

31
NBSIR 78-1548. An evaluation of ASHRAE Standard 94-77 for

testing water tanl(S for thermal storage, B. J. Hunt, T. E. Richtmyer, and J. E. Hill, 75 pages (Oct. 1978). Order from

NTIS as PB288793.

Key words: ASHRAE Standards; evaluation of test procedure; solar heating components; standard test procedure; thermal storage tests; water tank thermal

storage.

The National Bureau of Standards proposed a standard test procedure for rating thermal storage devices, in mid- 1975.

Early in 1977, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) adopted ASHRAE

Standard 94-77 Method of Testing Thermal Storage Devices

Based on Thermal Performance, which is based substantially on

the NBS procedure. In order to evaluate the Standard, NBS has

conducted an experiment in which a 1.9 m^ (500 gal) water

tank, built as part of a residential solar heating and cooling

system, was tested in accordance with this Standard. A description of the test apparatus, test procedure, and detailed test results are given. It was found that there were no major

problems encountered in using the Standard for this kind of

thermal storage device. In addition, suggestions are made for minor modifications in the Standard.

NBSIR 78-1549. Plan for the assessment and implementation of seismic design provisions for buildings, C. G. Culver, R. E. Chapman, P. W. Cooke, B. R. Ellingwood, S. G. Fattal, J. R.

Harris, and E. V. Leyendecker, 31 pages (Nov. 1978). Order

from NTIS as PB288762.

Key words: assessment; building codes; building design; dis- aster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; implementation;

standards.

This plan deals with the assessment and implementation of

tentative seismic design provisions developed by the Applied

Technology Council as part of the Cooperative Federal Pro- gram in Building Practices for Disaster Mitigation of the National Science Foundation and the National Bureau of Standards. The plan was prepared based on comments received

from a broad spectrum of representatives of the building community. The National Bureau of Standards invited participation

from a broad spectrum of interests to help develop the plan.

Trade associations, industry group, professional organizations, the model code organizations, standards organizations and

Federal agencies were included; groups with national representation rather than regional or local interest were selected. The plan includes four phases ( 1 ) Review and Refine Tentative Provisions, (2) Trial Designs and Impact Assessment, (3)

Consideration and Adoption of Provisions, and (4) Assistance

to Facilitate implementation. It can form the basis for the as- sessment and implementation of the tentative seismic design

provisions. As the effort proceeds, it may be necessary to refine the plan. Additional details will need to be specified for the in- dividual tasks. These will be influenced by the procedure

adopted to carry out the activities.

NBSIR 78-1554. An analysis of the behavior of stair users, J. A. Templer, G. M. Mullet, J. Archea, and S. T. Margulis, 75

pages (Nov. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB291797.

Key words: architectural design; design considerations;

dimensional relationships; environmental design; safety;

stairs; user needs. The National Bureau of Standards has conducted research

for the Consumer Product Safety Commission the objective of

which is to recommend ways to reduce the frequency and

severity of stair and landing accidents. One of the several ap- proaches to identifying stair hazards is to videotape stair use in a variety of public settings. About 50 hours of videotape of

32
stair use have been collected and it has been processed in vari- ous ways to provide information on typical human responses to

stairs and landings. This report of an analysis of videotape of

stair use focuses on the relationship between the occurrence of

incidents, including falls, and the stair users' characteristics, user behavior, and environmental conditions. The analysis relies, in part, on a comparison of matched samples of incident

and nonincident user groups. Based on the findings of the analysis, a literature review, and other research on stair use by the

authors, 44 performance statements are proposed which, if applied to stair design, should substantially reduce the frequency

and severity of stair accidents.

NBSIR 78-1562. Interim performance criteria for solar heating

and cooling systems in residential buildings, J. K. Holton, 114

pages (Nov. 1978). Order from NTIS PB289967.

Key words: buildings; cooling; heating; hot water; per- formance criteria; solar energy; standards.

The interim performance criteria, developed for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, is a baseline document for criteria and standards for the design, development,

technical evaluation and procurement of the solar heating and

cooling systems to be used in residential buildings during the

solar heating and cooling demonstration program authorized by

Public Law 93-409, the "Solar Heating and Cooling demonstration Act of 1974."

This second edition of the "residential criteria" document,

represents the first revision to the "Interim Performance

Criteria for Solar Heating and Combined Heating/Cooling

Systems and Dwellings" published in Jani^ry 1975. Its revision draws upon comments received and experience gained in the

use of two companion documents, the "Interim Performance

Criteria for Solar Heating and Cooling Systems in Commercial

Buildings," NBSIR 76-1187, and the "HUD Intermediate

Minimum Property Standards Supplement, 1977 Edition, Solar

Heating and Domestic Hot Water Systems," 4930.2.

These interim criteria are intended primarily for use in the

solar residential demonstration program and as a basis for the preparation of definitive performance criteria in accordance

with the requirements of Section 8 of PL 93-409.

NBSIR 78-1563. Guidelines for evaluation of a MIUS demonstration, R. A. Grot, D. J. Mitchell, J. R. Schaefgen, A. C. Chao, M. E. Kuklewicz, and S. F. Weber, 46 pages (Dec.

1978). Order from NTIS as PB291441.

Key words: co-generation; integrated utility systems; solid waste management; thermal systems; total energy; waste- water treatment.

In order to obtain maximum benefits from a MIUS demonstration facility, a carefully planned evaluation should: assess the technical performance of the MIUS demonstration plant,

determine the public benefits of a Modular Integrated Utility

System (MIUS); show the viability of private ownership and

operation of a MIUS plant, and provide a data base to support

future analysis. This document is a guideline for the development of a detailed evaluation plant for a MIUS facility which was planned for demonstration at St. Charles, Maryland. The

generic types of technical, institutional, and economic issues are discussed. General performance measures for the total system and each subsystem are indicated. The classes of data

that will be required and the types of data analyses to be employed are outlined.

NBSIR 78-1568. Economic analysis of the Norris Cotton Federal

Office Building, P. T. Chen, 61 pages (Nov. 1978). Order

from NTIS as PB2898I3.

Key words: building; construction cost estimation;

discounted payback period; economic analysis; economic

evaluation; energy conservation; life-cycle costing; present

value analysis.

The Norris Cotton Federal Office Building in Manchester,

New Hampshire, has been constructed and occupied by the General Services Administration to demonstrate energy conservation techniques in the design and operations of a contemporary office building. This post-occupancy economic evaluation

conducted by the National Bureau of Standards shows that additional construction costs incurred in order to reduce the ener- gy consumption of the building are adequately offset by the present value of the resulting annual energy savings. In the economic model, the actual construction cost and energy con- sumption of the constructed building are compared with the estimated construction cost and energy consumption of a

hypothetical equivalent conventional building. The present

value costs of the two buildings are calculated for each year during a 40-year study period.

33
GOVERNMENT CONTRACT REPORTS

Grantee/contractor reports are prepared by non-NBS persons

or organizations working under a grant or contract from the National Bureau of Standards. The contract reports listed below may be ordered, using the indicated order number,

directly from the National Technical Information Service

(NTIS), Springfield, VA 22161, in paper or microfiche form.

NBS-GCR-77-104. Exhaust emission evaluation of three caterpillar tractor D-398 diesel-electric sets, C. E. Kitson and R.

S. Egdall, 73 pages (Nov. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB276102.

Key words: diesel engines; exhaust emissions; MIUS; total energy systems.

Gaseous and particulate emissions testing was conducted on

three Caterpillar D-398 600 kW-rated generator sets at varying

operating loads which included 0, 20, 40, 59, 79, 100, and 1 10

percent. These engines were designed to provide the dual functions of electric generation, and heat supply through exhaust

heat exchangers. Water jacket cooling water temperatures were

maintained at two levels depending on engine load; i.e., ^200

°F at loads of 100 and 1 10 percent, and «228 °F at 79 percent

and below.

Measured parameters included carbon monoxide, nitrogen

oxides, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. The measurement

techniques and resulting emission data are presented herein.

NBS-GCR-77-107. Beyond the performance concept, E. D.

Ehrenkrantz, 191 pages (Dec. 1977). Order from NTIS as PB275524.

Key words: building; center for building technology;

design; performance concept.

This report of a brief study attempts to identify the knowledge -based problems of those responsible for building

design, and to suggest areas in which the Institute for Applied

Technology should focus its present and future efforts in order

to improve building.

NBS-GCR-77-109. Analysis of data and results for the roundrobin flat-plate collector test program, W. C. Thomas and A. G. Dawson, 86 pages (Aug. 31, 1977). Order from NTIS as PB275576.

Key words: flat-plate collectors; measurement; modeling;

solar; standards; testing.

A roundrobin test program was conducted in order to deter- mine the inter-comparability of thermal performance experimental data on two liquid-heating solar collectors from 21 test

facilities across the United States, using a common test procedure. Data from approximately half the facilities were

selected for detailed analysis. A collector analytical model was

used to show that less than one third of the spread could be

attributed in the measured values of collector efficiency to dif- ferent environmental conditions from facility to facility. The

data for the second collector showed less scatter than data for the first collector. In general, the data from a single facility were consistent, and the majority of scatter was attributed to systematic uncertainties from facility to facility. When the data

from six participants reportedly adhering to the requirements of

ASHRAE Standard 93-77 were analyzed, the scatter was found

to be within normal limits expected for the test procedure.

NBS-GCR-78-123. Detailed application of a technology for the formulation and expression of standards. Applied to ANSI

A58.1-1972, L. K. Cunningham, J. W. Melin, and R. L. Tavis, 262 pages (Jan. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB279091.

Key words: building codes; computer model; decision

table; decision theory; network, specifications; standards; systems engineering.

This investigation applies decision-table and information-network technology in the analysis of the American National Stan- dard Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads

in Building and Other Structures (NASI A58. 1-1972).

Part 1 summarizes the logic and technology available for decision-table and information-network analysis. It also sets down a rationale for the attempt to apply this logic at the

requisite level of detail and develops the concepts, policies, and

procedures that enable such application. Part 1 1 applies the available technology to the ANSI Stan- dard, and in a detailed commentary on each decision table and on the information network, sets down the questions raised by

the analysis of each. General questions about the ANSI Stan- dard, classification of data, and potential application of these methods in the expression of standards follow. The analysis

concludes by testing the validity of its proposition in the overall findings of the work.

NBS-GCR-78-125. Report on organization of certification pro- gram for solar collectors, G. R. Munger, R. J. Evans, 99

pages (Nov.30, 1977). Order from NTIS as PB280025.

Key words: certification program; operational manual; rat- ing standard; solar collectors.

Proposed documentation is presented for the operation of a

solar collector certification program. The documents included

are an Equipment Rating Standard, a Certification Program

Operational Manual, a Certification Laboratory Contract, and

a Manufacturer's License Agreement. Also provided is a typical

calendar for the initiation of a program and an estimate of the

first annual budget for a certification program.

NBS-GCR-78-130. An annotated compilation of the sources of information related to the usage of electricity in nonindustrial

application, B. Reznek, 684 pages (July 1978). Order from

NTIS as PB285260.

Key words: abstracts; annotated compilation; electrical usage; government contractor's report; information

sources; nonindustrial.

This government contractor's report is a thorough compilation of the sources of information related to the usage of electricity in nonindustrial applications, as available in the open

literature and from the U.S. electrical power industry. The re- port's scope encompasses all aspects of: electric load management; end-use; and the various methods of acquisition, analysis

and implementation of electricity usage data. There are over 400 abstracts: 156 from LRC/AEIC reports and 264 from the open literature. The abstracts cover references containing over 12,000 pages plus about 2,500 references and 6,200 graphs and

tables pertinent to electricity usage in nonindustrial applications. In addition to the LRC/AEIC abstracts, this document

identifies over 100 sources of directly relevant information (in contrast to general interest sources and material of secondary

relevance).

34
NBS-GCR-78-1 39. An investigation of regulatory barriers to the

re-use of existing buildings, N.J. Habraken and A. M. Beha,

117 pages (Oct. 1978). Order from NTIS as PB287801.

Key words: building codes; building research; code en- forcement; construction; existing buildings; rehabilitation; renovation.

This team investigation focuses on provisions of the regulatory systems which adversely impact re-use of existing buildings.

The findings are separated into experientially based team

analyses of regulatory systems and data gathered from several Massachusetts sources. A series of recommendations for resolution of specific code problems are made, and a research agenda

is presented to identify areas for future study towards the

resolution of code-rehab conflicts.
TITLES AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PUBLISHED IN NON-NBS MEDIA, 1978

Reprints from the journals listed in this section may often be

obtained from the authors. Each entry has been assigned a fivedigit number for NBS identification and listing purposes.

17365. Simiu, E., Marshall, R. D.. Haber, S., Estimation of alongwind building response, J. Structural Div. ASCE 103,

ST7, 1325-1338 (July 1977).

Key words: building codes; buildings; deflections; dynamic

response; gust factors; structural engineering; wind loads.

The differences between the dynamic alongwind response,

the gust factors, and the total alongwind response obtained

using various current procedures may in certain cases be as high as 200, 100, and 60 percent, respectively. The purpose of

this paper is to investigate the causes of such differences. To

provide a framework for this investigation, the paper presents an overview of the questions involved in determining alongwind

structural response, and a critical description of the basic fea- tures of procedures currently in use. A comparison is made

between alongwind deflections of typical buildings selected as case studies, calculated by both new and traditional procedures, some of which are described in various building codes. The

reasons for the differences between the respective results are pointed out. The procedures were evaluated on the basis of a

recently developed method which utilizes a logarithmic variation of wind speed with height above ground, a height-dependent expression for the spectrum of the longitudinal wind speed

fluctuations. The method also allows for realistic cross-correlations between pressures on the windward and leeward building

faces.

17405. Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., Testing and rating of solar collectors. Paper X in Applications of Solar Energy for Heating

and Cooling of Buildings, Section 2: System Components and

Performance, R. C. Jordan and B. Y. H. Liu, Eds., ASHRAE

GRP 170, pp. X-1—X-18 (American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., New

York, NY, 1977).

Key words: rating solar collectors; solar collector; testing

solar collectors.

The use of solar energy for space heating, cooling, and supplying domestic hot water to buildings is receiving serious at- tention at present due to the mounting public awareness of the shortage of conventional fuels. It is clear that this trend is creating an on-rush of solar collectors of various designs, all claiming a specific efficiency and potentially significant fuel savings if used. It is imperative that standard methods of testing

and rating solar collectors be adopted so that the collectors can

be evaluated in a meaningful and consistent way.

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the fundamental

approach to testing solar collectors, give a brief description of

testing activities that have been and are being conducted

around the world, and to give the status as of 1975 of efforts being directed toward the adoption of a standard test method

for testing and rating collectors. Attention is focused on the

flat-plate collector because of its predominant use for space

heating, cooling, and domestic water heating. However, it is felt that the basic approach described here is valid for concentrating collectors having a low concentration ratio, that are being

considered for solar cooling applications.

17407. Harije, D. T., Hunt, C. M., Treado, S. J., Malik, N. J., Automated instrumentation for air infiltration measurements

in buildings, Princeton University Center for Environmental

Studies Report No. 13, 33 pages (Princeton University, Prin- ceton, NJ, Apr. 1975).

Key words: air infiltration instrumentation; air infiltration measurement; building ventilation rates; sulfur hexafluoride

tracer.

Automated instrumentation using sulfur hexafluoride as a

tracer gas in residential housing to determine rates of air infil- tration in housing is described. The principles of operation, the necessary calibration procedures and the early field data are discussed in detail. Concentration levels of SFg are maintained

at the parts per billion level in the buildings and are measured

by sensitive electron capture detectors in conjunction with a gas chromatograph.

17472. Post, M. A., Godette, M., Campbell, P. G., Anti-graffiti

coatings. Mod. Paint Coat. 68, No. 2, 28-35 (Feb. 1978).

Key words: graffiti; graffiti-resistant coating; performance

characteristics.

Commercially available graffiti-resistant coatings were

screened using a graffiti cleanability test. The most easily

cleaned coatings were then subjected to additional graffiti

removal tests and to other tests designed to measure per- formance characteristics. Differences in performance characteristics were tabulated. The test results formed the basis for proposed performance criteria for graffiti-resistant coatings.

The results show that organic coatings are available which can be used to protect building substrates against defacement by

graffiti.

17500. Chapman, R. E., Lead paint poisoning: A closer look at the costs, J. Housing 33, No. 10, 489-492 (Nov. 1976).

Key words: abatement; building materials; cost; economics;

housing; lead-based paint; lead poisoning.

Indecision about how to deal with the lead paint poisoning

problem in residential dwellings stems in part from a lack of

knowledge about the costs of various abatement methods. This

research, sponsored by HUD's Office of Policy Development

and Research, provides a procedure for esti-nating the costs of

the alternative abatement methods. Federal and local housing

officials can use this procedure and cost information derived

from its application to achieve more lead paint abatement per

public dollar invested.

17505. Culver, C, A model for formulating seismic design

provisions, Proc. CENTO Seminar on Recent Advances in Earthquake Hazard Minimization, Tehran, Iran, Nov. 14-16,

1976, pp. 536-545 (Technical Research and Standard Bureau, Tehran, Iran, June 1977).

Key words: building codes; earthquakes; structural engineering.

The paper describes a program currently underway in the United States to develop improved seismic design provisions for buildings. Organization of the activity, the form of the provi- sions and the technical areas included are discussed. Important

aspects of the provisions dealing with: ( 1 ) design ground motion, (2) structural design, (3) architectural and mechanicalelectrical design, and (4) existing buildings are summarized.

17506. Culver, C. G., Characteristics of fire loads in office buildings, Fire Technol. 14, No. 1, 51-60 (Feb. 1978).

Key words: buildings; fire loads; load surveys. A study was made to determine the effects of various

parameters on the fire load characteristics of office buildings.

This and future studies are expected to form the basis for improving fire resistant design requirements.

36
17540. Grot, R. A., Galowin, L. S., Integrated household appliances and utility services for energy conservation in dwellings, Proc. ERDA Conf. Div. of Bldgs. and Comm. Services on Technical Opportunities for Energy Conservation in Appliances, Boston, MA, May 11, 1976, CONF ERDA

7605139, pp. 109-121 (Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge,

MA, Mar. 1978).

Key words: appliance combinations; energy conservation in dwellings; ERDA; heat recovery; hot water distribution systems; integrated appliances; utility systems.

The technical feasibility of combining various appliances now

constructed separately into integral assemblies which permit more efficient energy design, utilizing waste heat and minimizing the impact of appliance operation on heating and cooling

systems is considered. Alternative strategies are suggested to the ways in which energy-consuming services are supplied and

utilized in residences. Particular attention is given to the combination of the refrigerator-water heater, air conditioner-water

heater and the construction of appliances such as clothes washers and dishwashers which heat only the quantity of water

required for their operation from a warm-water house system.

17544. Hanje, D. T., Grot, R. A., Automated air infiltration measurements and implications for energy conservation, Proc.

Intl. Conf. on Energy Use Management, Tucson, AZ, Oct. 24-

28, 1977, R. A. Fazzolare and C. B. Smith, Eds., pp. 457-

464 (Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 1977).

Key words: air infiltration; automated instrumentation; energy conservation; gas chromatograph; sulphur hexafluoride; tracer gas.

In the average home approximately one third of the energy

for space heating is lost through air infiltration. The driving

forces for air infiltration often become more severe in larger

buildings. Correlation of air infiltration with parameters that

are building-related (cracks, seals, porosity, etc.), occupant-related (door, vent, window openings, etc.) weather-related (wind

direction, and intensity, outside temperature, etc.) and terrain- related (nearby structures, trees, fences, etc.) has required the development of specialized monitoring equipment. Using

sulphur hexafluoride as a tracer gas, using automated

procedures for seeding the gas into the building, and measuring

the subsequent concentration decay, air infiltration has been

measured for a wide range of circumstances. The details of the instrumentation presented here include: injection procedures,

sampling methods, detection of the appropriate gas chromatograph concentration peak, and recording the data on magnetic

tape for easy retrieval for computer calculations. The data

resulting from such air infiltration instrumentation uses are providing the basis for improved energy modeling in buildings,

evaluation of energy conserving retrofits, new and old building

inspection, and a better evaluation of other air infiltration measurement techniques.

17552. Holton, J. K., Establishing technical standards for solar

installations, (Proc. on Overcoming Legal Barriers to the

Utilization of Solar Energy, Manchester, NH, Apr. 14, 1977),

Paper in IDEA—J. Law Technol. 19, No. 1, 25-34 (Capital

Offset Co., Inc., Concord, NH, 1977).

Key words: buildings; cooling; heating; performance

criteria; solar collectors; solar energy; standards.

The Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974

(PL 93-409) and the National Program for Solar Heating and

Cooling (Residential and Commercial Applications), October

1975, recognizes the importance of developing performance

criteria and standards to help stimulate the creation of a viable

industrial and commercial capability to produce and distribute

solar heating and cooling systems. Program activities relating to

the development of performance criteria and standards for solar heating and cooling systems, components and materials

which are being carried out by the National Bureau of Stan- dards for the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and the Department of Housing and Urban

Development (HUD) are described. Specific activities include

the preparation of a standards development plan, establishment

of an American National Standards Institute steering committee, the preparation of draft standards for determining the ther- mal performance of solar components and the performance of

various materials used in solar components, and the development of performance criteria to be used in ERDA and HUD

solar heating and cooling demonstration programs.

17567. Milton, H. J., Metrication—A concrete opportunity, J. Am. Concr. Inst. No. 11, pp. N13-N21 (Nov. 1977).

Key words: construction industry metrication; metrication

benefits; rationalization; technical issues in metrication.

This paper presents the impending change to metric (SI)

measurement in the construction community as an

"opportunity" and a once-only chance for review, technical improvement and cost reduction. It deals with the analysis of

precedent in the change to SI; defines some new terms, such

as "hard conversion" to preferred sizes and descriptions;

discusses metrication for benefit; and focuses on the opportunities for rationalization associated with the change.

Four principal opportunities are identified: simplification, ra- tionalization, harmonization and standardization, and each one

is illustrated by a number of examples.

The paper recommends that metrication should '-e regarded

as a "worthwhile challenge," rather than as a "p oblem," so

that the appraoch to change is a vigorous and positive one in- stead of a defensive and negative one. The benefits from opportunities realized should easily pay for the once only cost of the change.

17574. Petersen, S. R., Economic optimization in the energy

conservation design of single-family housing, ASHRAE Trans. 82, Pt. 1, 446-458 (1976).

Key words: building economics; economic analysis; energy

conservation; engineering economics; housing; insulation;

life-cycle cost analysis.

Energy conservation measures appropriate to the design of

single-family housing must be utilized to reflect both climatic and economic considerations if life-cycle HVAC costs in housing are to be minimized. This paper examines the economic

criteria for minimizing life -cycle costs for both independent and

interdependent energy conservation techniques. An index

number format with cost data is presented with which the economically optimal use of attic insulation, wall insulation,

and storm windows can be estimated for various climatic and

economic assumptions, including heating and cooling factors, energy costs, energy conservation costs, discount rates, fuel price increases, and building lifetimes. In general it is shown

that the economically optimal use of energy conservation

techniques is often considerably greater than currently being

observed in most new housing construction.

17581. Quigley, D. F., Kelly, G. E., Oilburner modification cuts

costs, Fuel Oil and Oil Heat, pp. 50, 52 (Sept. 1977).

Key words: heating efficiency; oil-fired furnaces; overfiring

of oil-burners.

This paper discusses the results of a field study of residential

oil heating systems. The study showed that most oil burners are

overfired for the heating load. This overfiring causes low

seasonal efficiencies. The article presents a method for optimizing firing rates for improved efficiency.

37
17592. Masters, L. W., An approach to the development of predictive service life tests for building components and materials,

Proc. RILEMIASTMICIB Symp. on Evaluation of the Per- formance of External Vertical Surfaces of Buildings, Otaniemi,

Espoo, Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977, II, 176-188 (Technical

Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1977).

Key words: accelerated aging tests; building components

and materials; degradation; methodology; predictive service

life tests; service life. A systematic approach to the development of predictive service life tests and the improvement of existing service life tests

for building components and materials is outlined. The ap- proach consists of four parts: Problem Definition, Pre-Testing,

Testing and Interpretation and Reporting of DATA. It can be

applied to all components and materials comprising a building

system. For example, the approach can be applied at the component level to foundations, walls, floors and roofs. It can also be applied to materials comprising components, e.g. coatings,

roofing, concrete, sealants, adhesives, metals, wood and others. Application of the approach to many components and

materials is limited, at present, because of the lack of

knowledge regarding exposure conditions and mechanisms of

failure. Despite these limitations, however, the approach will help in 1 ) identifying the data needed to develop more definitive tests, 2) ensuring the best possible test is developed and

3) providing a uniform approach to service life prediction and

the reporting of results.

17767. Simiu, E., Bietry, J., Filliben, J. J., Sampling errors in estimation of extreme winds, J. Struct. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 104, No. ST3, 491-501 (Mar. 1978).

Key words: buildings (codes); dynamic response; gust

loads; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind forces; wind pressure.

The closure to the paper "Equivalent Static Wind Loads for

Tall Building Design" published in April 1976 is presented fol- lowing four discussions of the paper published in the February

1977, April 1977, June 1977, and October 1977 issues of the ASCE Journal of the Structural Division.

17814. Levy, J., Efficient equipment maintenance: A tool for energy conservation, AACE Bull. 20, No. 2, 49-51 (Mar./Apr.

1978).

Key words: dynamic programming; economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markov

decision process; policy improvement algorithm.

A general model of equipment performance as a function of

maintenance is developed that permits quantification of the optimal level of maintenance in terms of performance attainment

and relative factor costs. The model formulation is that of a

finite state, finite action Markov decision process. The model

will help persons responsible for making decisions concerning

maintenance policies in selecting economically efficient levels of maintenance for elements of building service equipment.

17823. Streed, E. R., The results of a roundrobin flat-plate col- lector test program, Proc. 1977 Flat-Plate Solar Collector Conf, Orlando, FL, Feb. 28-Mar. 2, 1977, D. B. Ward, Ed., pp. 267-279 (Florida Solar Energy Center, Publications Auxiliary, 300 State Road 401, Cape Canaveral, FL, Sept. 1977).

Key words: flat-plate collectors; roundrobin test; solar col- lector; thermal performance testing.

A roundrobin solar energy collector test program has been

conducted to evaluate a proposed test method to rate collectors on the basis of thermal performance. Two liquid-type collectors

were distributed to 21 organizations in the United States to obtain data in various climatic regions using the prescribed ap- paratus under allowable ranges of environmental conditions.

Plots of the efficiency as a function of the difference in average

fluid temperature and ambient temperature divided by the insu- lation were used to obtain performance curves for each collector. The overall transmittance-absorptance produce (F'ar ) and

the overall heat loss coefficient (F'Ut) were determined by

each participant using a least-squares analysis of the data. The mean and standard deviation for each of these parameters is calculated and the significance with respect to the testing and

rating of collectors is discussed.

17852. Sleater, G., Development of performance criteria for the

selection of stone preservatives, (Proc. American Geological

Society, Symp., Miami Beach, FL, Nov. 1974), Engineering

Geology Case Histories No. II, pp. 65-71 (1978).

Key words: accelerated laboratory testing; performance

criteria; stone decay; stone preservatives.

This paper describes how test methods and performance

criteria for the selection of stone preservatives are being

developed. Accelerated aging of stone and of preservative treated stone followed by tests of the aged specimens is used

to evaluate both test methods and stone preservatives. The

laboratory aging procedure incorporates important causes of stone decay—Chemical Attack, Salt Action, Water Action,

Thermal Effects—in a special test chamber (CAD) and test cycle. The effects of the accelerated aging on the weight, ap- pearance, absorption of liquid water, permeability to water

vapor, abrasion resistance, and surface hardness of the treated

test specimens are used as measures of preservative per- formance. It is explained how this test data and the test methods employed can be used to set limits of acceptable per- formance to be used as preliminary performance criteria for the

selection of stone preservatives.

17857. Pommersheim, J. M., Mathey, R. G., Prediction of bitu- men slip and sag in roofing systems, (Proc. First Int. Conf.

Math. Modeling, St. Louis, MO, Aug. 29-Sept. 1, 1977), Eng.

Sci. Ill, 1347-1359 (1977).

Key words: asphalt; bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tar

pitch; roofing; sag; slip.

Mathematical models for slippage of built-up roofing membranes and sag of roofing bitumens were formulated, solved and tested against previously developed experimental data. Bitumens used were coal tar pitch and ASTM Types I, II and

III asphalts. Model predictions confirmed the increased slip and

sag observed with increased membrane loading, roof slope, in- terply bitumen film thickness and bitumen temperature.

Viscosities were calculated from the models for slip and sag and compared to ones measured independently using a plastometer. Agreement was good for Types II and III asphalts

but only fair for coal tar pitch and Type I asphalt. The calculated bitumen viscosities for the slip and sag tests agreed well with one another except for coal tar pitch. Separate calculations showed either Newtonian or pseudoplastic behavior.

Design predictions were made for the amount of slip in a built- up roofing membrane subjected to typical summer temperatures and solar radiation intensities. The methods presented in this paper help to quantify the separate and combined effects of the factors influencing roofing performance when slippage

and sag occur.

38

17859. Collins, B. L., Human response to windows, Proc. RILEMIASTMICIB Symp. Evaluation Performance External

Vertical Surfaces of Buildings, Olaniemi, Espoo, Finland, Aug.

28-Sepl. 2, 1977, 1, 327-338 (1977).

Key words: energy conservation; glare; human factors; psychology; thermal discomfort; window management; windows.

Research into human reaction to windows must consider

several different types of response. Windows provide important

psychological benefits, including a view out, and dynamic

change within a space through continuous variations in external

lighting. In addition, another response involves comfort in such

areas as temperature, glare, and noise. Finally, it is important

to consider the actual use of windows. The way in which people actually use windows and window accessories can be critical to the acceptable performance of glazed areas. Pertinent in- formation from different researchers on human response is reviewed.

17941. Reinhold, T. A., Sparks, P. R., Tielman, H. W., Maher,

F. J., The effect of wind direction on the static and dynamic

wind loads on a square-section tall building, (Proc. 3d CoUoq.

on Industrial Aerodynamics, Aachen, Germany, June 14-16,

1978), Paper in Building Aerodynamics, Pt. 1, pp. 263-279

(Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Aerodynamics

Fachhochschule-Aachen, Germany, May 1978).

Key words: aerodynamics; dynamic loads; dynamic

response; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind pressure; wind tunnel tests.

This paper presents the results of a wind-tunnel investigation

into the effect of wind direction on the wind loads on a square

cross-section building model with sharp corners and an aspect

ratio of 8.33 to 1. The studies were carried out in a flow which

simulated the mean and turbulent properties expected for an

urban boundary layer wind. The static and dynamic wind loads were determined at 6 levels throughout the height of the model. From these loads, local and overall force coefficients were determined for forces normal to the model's faces and for torques about the vertical axis through the geometrical center

of the model cross-section. These coefficients are presented

together with spectra for the modal forces and modal torques

associated with the fundamental translational and modes of the corresponding full structure. Results indicate that the greatest mean forces do occur when

the wind is normal to a building's face but that this is not the

case for the mean torques. At certain wind directions mean

forces are very sensitive to changes in direction. The dynamic

loads suggest that the greatest translational response of the full- scale building would occur in the cross-wind direction with the wind blowing in a direction normal to a face. The greatest

dynamic torsional response would also be associated with that

direction.

17942. Ruegg, R. T., Chapman, R. E., Economic analysis of al- ternative window strategies, Proc. RILEMIASTMICIB Symp.

on Evaluation of the Performance of External Vertical Surfaces of Buildings, Otaniemi, Espoo, Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977,

Vol. I, 395-405 (Technical Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1977).

Key words: buildings costs; economic evaluation; energy

conservation; exterior walls; life-cycle costing; windows.

The focus of this paper is the energy and economic per- formance of the glazed portions of external vertical surfaces in residential buildings. A life-cycle costing technique is used to evaluate the dollar costs of energy, acquisition, maintenance

and repair, for windows of alternative design, size, and location,

with various accessories and modes of use. The method of

evaluation is described briefly and is illustrated in a case study.

The results of the case study, based on a "typical" single family

dwelling in Portland, Maine, U.S.A. (4173 heating degree days

and 131 cooling hours), provide some guidelines for window

selection in a moderately cold climate. In general, the economic evaluation of windows indicates that, depending on

their design and use, windows can either greatly increase,

decrease, or have little impact on energy consumption and total life-time building costs. There is considerable opportunity for the building community to improve both the energy and the economic efficiency of windows while providing for the important psychological benefits which windows often provide.

17943. Sleater, G., Performance of industrial-type cladding

materials, Proc. RILEMIASTMICIB Symp. on Evaluation of

the Performance of External Vertical Surfaces of Buildings,

Otaniemi, Espoo, Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977, Vol. 11, 302-

308 (Technical Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1977).

Key words: abrasion resistance; coatings; color and gloss

change; impact resistance; industrial cladding; moisture re- sistance; salt spray resistance.

The development of performance criteria for the selection of

industrial cladding materials is described. These criteria are based upon: 1 ) laboratory testing of commercial cladding

materials, to determine limits of acceptable performance; 2)

natural weathering exposure at NBS Exposure Stations, to study

weathering effects; 3 ) field inspection of structures using industrial cladding, to obtain information about cladding durability

under use. The performance criteria cover abrasion resistance,

impact resistance, color and gloss changes, salt spray resistance,

and moisture resistance.

17944. Sleater, G. A., Preliminary performance criteria for stone preservatives, Proc. RILEMIASTMICIB Symp. on

Evaluation of the Performance of External Vertical Surfaces on

Buildings, Otaniemi, Espoo, Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977,

Vol. II, 309, 311-321 (Technical Research Centre of Finland,

Helsinki, Finland, 1977).

Key words: accelerated stone decay; performance criteria; stone preservatives.

As part of a program to develop performance criteria for the

selection of stone preservatives, laboratory methods of ac- celerated stone decay have been used to obtain data on stone

preservatives and to suggest criteria for their selection. Causes

of stone decay were simulated in two types of testing: ( 1 ) a number of causes were combined in one testing operation,

using a special test chamber; (2) the effects of single causes of stone decay were studied individually. Methods for measuring

the effects of the test exposures are given, as are the preliminary performance criteria for selecting stone preservatives. No

one stone preservative studied in the program met all criteria.

17947. Trechsel, H. R., Test methods for windows and

walls—The need for a testing program, Proc. RILEMIASTMICIB Symp. on Evaluation of the Performance

of External Vertical Surfaces of Buildings, Otaniemi, Espoo,

Finland, Aug. 28-Sept. 2, 1977, Vol. II, 374-382 (Technical

Research Centre of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1977).

Key words: buildings; design; test methods; walls and windows.

Despite an advanced state of the art in the design of building

walls and windows, and despite the extensive testing on build- ing envelope elements, some rather spectacular failures of such

elements have occurred in recent years. The paper discusses

several selected factors affecting the reliability of test results: number of specimens to be tested, process for selecting

40
specimens, and single performance characteristic tests. Based on these factors, it is proposed that testing be considered as an

integral part of the design and build process. It is further sug- gested that the systems approach be used for developing a test program based on the various trade-offs between cost for the

testing and the potential risk for failure.

18020. Hastings, S. R., A comprehensive approach to window

design for energy conservation, Proc. Second National Conf. on Passive Solar Energy, Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 15-19, 1978,

pp. 321-325 (American Section ICES, University of

Delaware, Newark, DE, Aug. 1978).

Key words: building envelope; energy conservation; fenestration; passive solar; windows.

Six categories of design strategies to improve the energy per- formance of windows are presented. These design strategies are evaluated by their ability to improve one or more of six possi- ble energy control functions windows can perform. An example

strategy is selected from each category to illustrate how substantially a window's performance can be improved. In designing and subsequently evaluating a window one should consider

the performance of the window in concert with various design

strategies and the performance of a given solution should be

considered relative to all six possible energy control functions.

18059. Chi, J., Seasonal operating performance of gas-fired

hydronic heating systems with certain energy-saving features,

(Proc. Int. Conf. Centre Meat & Mass Transfer, Dubrovnik,

Yugoslavia, Aug. 29-Sept. 2, 1977), Paper in Energy Conservation in Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating Buildings, New

Techniques in Heating and Cooling of Buildings, 1, 495-504

(Hemisphere Publ. Corp., Washington, DC, 1978).

Key words: boiler; computer simulation; DEPAB; energy

conservation; heating systems; part-load performance;

seasonal efficiency.

DEPAB (DEsign and Performance Analysis of Boilers) is an NBS computer program for simulation of fossil-fuel-fired boilers for residential heating systems. It is based upon an

analytical model which accounts for cyclic (on-and-off) operation of a boiler fuel burner and water circulating pump. This paper illustrates the use of DEPAB for evaluating quantitatively the effectiveness of several selected energy-saving features for

gas-fired hydronic heating systems. Sufficient information is also provided to demonstrate the important factors of the simulation program DEPAB.

18064. Grimes, J. W., Mulroy, W., Shomaker, B. L., Effect of usage conditions on household refrigerator-freezer and freezer energy consumption, ASHRAE Trans. 83, Part 1, 818-828

(1977).

Key words: appliance labeling; energy use; household

freezers; household refrigerators; refrigerator.

A study was made of an automatic- and a manual-defrost

refrigerator/freezer combination, and an upright and a chest

freezer to measure the effect on energy consumption of five variable usage conditions: thermostat setting, ambient temperature, food load, door-opening frequency, and relative humidity.

No evaluation was made of the effect of frost build-up.

Ambient temperature and thermostat setting were found to have considerably greater effect on energy consumption than

door-opening and relative humidity changes for the specimens

tested.

18069. Jones, R. R., Resource impact factor (RIF) approach to optimal use of energy resources, ASHRAE J. 18, No. 10, IS- IS (Oct. 1976).

Key words: energy sources; fuel selection; institutional factors; social value.

One of the basic objectives of a national energy conservation

effort is to optimize use of nonrenewable resources. A careful

analysis of the fuel and energy supplied to buildings is especially important since this sector accounts for about 30 percent

of energy consumption in the U.S. and since buildings have

greater flexibility with regard to energy sources than do motor

vehicles and industrial processes. It is the intent of this paper

to present the Resource Impact Factor (RIF) concept as a means whereby, in the technical process of developing energy

efficient building projects, a quantification could also be given

to the social value of our resources in order to obtain wise

utilization.

18070. Kusuda, T., Fundamentals of building heat transfer,

(Proc. Int. Conf. Centre Heat & Mass Transfer, Dubrovnik,

Yugoslavia, Aug. 29-Sept. 2, 1977), Paper in Energy Conservation in Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating Buildings, New

Techniques in Heating and Cooling of Buildings, 1, 321-338

(Hemisphere Publ. Corp., Washington, DC, 1978).

Key words: air leakage; dynamic heat transfer; energy analysis; heating and cooling loads; heat loss and heat gain;

multi-room problems.

Basic problems and unique features of building heat transfer are described in relation to the heating and cooling load calculation, which is a starting point for building energy consumption analysis and equipment sizing. Detailed discussion is given

of the relationship between heat loss (heat gain) and heating

load (cooling load). Also outlined is a discussion of the multi- space heat transfer problem in which the air and heat exchange

equations among adjacent spaces in a building are solved simul- taneously with the radiant heat exchange equations for the sur- faces of each room.

18084. Orloski, M. J., All's well that vents well. Pre-occupancy

performance of field units with reduced-size vents, Proc. American Society Sanitary Engineering Annual Meeting,

Philadelphia, PA, Oct. 24-27, 1976, pp. 55-64 (1976).

Key words: performance testing; plumbing system design;

reduced-size vents; trap-seal retention; venting.

Reduced-size vents were installed in six one- and two-story

houses at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland. Tests were con- ducted before occupancy to evaluate the performance of the system, principally by measurements of trap-seal retention,

under loads believed representative of service conditions. These

field test results are a follow on to those of the National Bureau

of Standards laboratory work on reduced-size venting which were reported at the ASSE Convention in 1974. Both the laboratory and field test results show the viability of reducedsize venting. This is expected to contribute to the inclusion of

reduced-size venting in plumbing codes.

18088. Chi, J., Kelly, G., Didion, D., Use of computer model

to evaluate energy saving potentials for gas-fired furnaces,

Proc. 1978 ASME International Heat Transfer Conf., Toronto,

Canada, Aug. 7-11, 1978, Paper 4, No. 78-IHTC-77, 143-148

(Hemisphere Publ. Co., Washington, DC, 1978).

Key words: building heating system; computer simulation;

DEPAF; energy conservation; furnaces; operating cost; seasonal performance.

DEPAF (DEsign and Performance Analysis of Furnaces) is an NBS computer program for simulation of fossil-fuel-fired furnaces for residential heating systems. It is based upon an

analytical model which accounts for cyclic (on-and-off) operation of the burner and air circulating blower. This paper illus- trates the use of DEPAF to evaluate quantitatively the effec- tiveness of 1 5 combinations of selected energy-saving features

41
for gas-fired residential heating furnaces. Sufficient information

is also provided to demonstrate the important features of the simulation program DEPAF.

18098. Didion, D., Maxwell, B., Ward, D., A laboratory in- vestigation of a Stirling engine-driven heat pump, (Proc. Int. Conf. Centre Heat & Mass Transfer, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia,

Aug. 29-Sept. 2, 1977), Paper in Energy Conservation in Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating Buildings, New Techniques

in Heating and Cooling of Buildings, 2, 583-596 (Hemisphere

Publ. Corp., Washington, DC, 1978).

Key words; air-to-air heat pump; energy conservation heating; engine-driven heat pump; heat engine; heat pump; re- sidential heating; Stirling engine; Stirling engine heat

pump.

An experimental investigation was conducted on an air-to-air heat pump powered by a single-cylinder, seven-horsepower,

water-cooled Stirling engine. The steady-state part-load per- formance of the engine-driven heat pump system was deter- mined in both the heating and cooling modes of operation. The

unit was operated over a broad range of outdoor temperatures

and corresponding coefficients of performance (COP), and

seasonal performance factors (SPF) were determined. The

energy rejected to the engine's cooling water was measured and

included in the heating mode calculations.

18102. Stiehler, R. D., Hockman, A., Embree, E. J., Masters,

L. W., Existing standards inadequate for solar collector use. Solar Eng. 3, No. 8, 35-37 (Aug. 1978).

Key words: durability; rubber seals; solar energy systems;

standards; test methods.

A study was performed to develop standards for rubber seals used in solar energy systems. Thirty-one preformed and liquid

applied seals were evaluated in the laboratory using modified

ASTM standard test methods to obtain data needed to evaluate

those materials and prepare new standards. Also, studies were

performed to develop a test method for determining the effects of outgassing on the transmittance of solar collector covers. This paper is a summary of the findings of NBSIR Solar

Energy Systems—Standards for Rubber Seals, in which stan- dards for rubber seals in solar energy systems are proposed.

18107. Holton, J. K., Updating solar performance criteria and

standards, Proc. 1978 Ann. Meeting American Society Int. Solar Energy Society, Inc., Denver, CO, Aug. 28-31, 1978, pp. 514-521 (Arner. Section ISES, McDowell Hall, U. of

Delaware, Newark, DE, Sept. 1978).

Key words: solar performance criteria; updating.

The two solar performance criteria, "HUD Intermediate

Minimum Property Standards (S/MPS)" and the "Interim Per- formance Criteria (IPC)" both residential and commercial, were developed by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)

early in the federal solar demonstration program to be of

assistance in promoting the manufacture and wide-spread use of solar energy systems. Considerable experience has been

gained from the demonstration program and other sources that has revealed the actual problems that can occur in the manufacture, installation and use of solar energy systems and components. In order to keep the S/MPS and IPC reasonable and

useful standards, they are continually being updated based on

current experience. Findings are presented from the residential and commercial demonstration program and from a public

commentary process that have led to the updating of nurrsrous

sections of the criteria and standards. A comparison is presented of the original criteria, the practical problems and

the revised criteria. Topics covered include: system per- formance covering thermal losses, operating energy, system

back-up, thermo-syphoning, flow balanci.ig, controls, safety,

maintenance and check-out procedures; and component performance covering freeze protection, stratification, stagnation,

materials deterioration, and heat transfer fluid quality.

181 IS. Campbell, P. G., Post, M. A., Nontoxic yellow traffic striping. Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA-RD78-1, 74 pages (Available from the National Technical Infor- mation Service, Springfield, VA 22161, Jan. 1978).

Key words: alkyd traffic paint; chlorinated rubber traffic paint; hot thermoplastic coatings; lead chromate; organic

yellow pigments; yellow traffic paint.

A study was carried out to examine the performance characteristics of alternative pigments which might be used in yellow

traffic paints if the use of lead chromate were curtailed. Thirtysix yellow traffic paints were prepared using lead chromate and

alternative pigments as the yellow color source. Screening tests were used to evaluate the initial color stability and durability characteristics of the paint formulations. The thermal stabilities of selected yellow pigments for use in thermoplastic marking

applications were evaluated. Also, outdoor exposures and a small scale field test were used to evaluate the performance of

formulations containing lead chromate and alternative pig- ments. The performance of the alternative organic yellow pigments, as measured by color change under the various exposure

conditions, was found to be at least as good as that of lead chromate.

42
18132. Steihler, R. D., Getting the right angle. Eng. Educ. 5, No. 2, 1 page (Aug. 2, 1978).

Key words: plane angle; SI units; torque unit; trigonometric

functions.

Confusion exists concerning units for torque, energy, and

other quantities involving rotation. This confusion stems from

the treatment of plane angle and trigonometric functions in schools. A plane angle is the divergence between two intersecting

straight lines. The magnitude of the divergence can be ex- pressed in a variety of measurement units, such as radian, grad,

degree, minute, or second. The magnitude is not a number

without units. An arc of a circle is frequently expressed in the same unit as plane angle. Actually, an arc of 30 degrees means

a length on the circumference subtended by two radii having

a divergence of 30 degrees; the length of the arc being 30 kr, where k = 0.01745 per degree. If the arc (s) and radius (r) are expressed in the same unit and angle (0) is in radians, k must

have the value: 1 rad"'. Since s/r = k0, the practice of using

the ratio s/r as synonymous with G is misleading. It implies that G is dimensionless. This practice is the source of the controversy concerning the radian in SI. Trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent, etc.) are mathematical designations for the ratios of lenghts of sides in a right triangle. The functions are designated in reference to one of the angles other than the right angle in order to specify

the two sides involved in a particular function.

18203. Symuleski, R. A., An evaluation of the applicability of pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography for the identification of microorganisms in water and sewage treatment plant effluents, Proc. 3d National Conference on Complete Water Reuse, Cincinnati, OH, June 27-30, 1976, pp. 457-461 (American Institute of Chemical Engineering, United Engineering Center,

New York, NY, 1976).

Key words; bacterial identification; gas-liquid chromatography; potable water; pyrolysis; sewage treatment plant effluent; water reuse.

Recent studies have shown pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography to be a valuable tool in the rapid identification of bacteria. Most of the work to date has been involved with the detection of anaerobic bacteria in clinical samples. The present

study indicates that the technique may also have promise in detecting those facultative bacteria present in samples of environmental origin. This paper describes on-going work in the

evaluation of this procedure for the rapid identification of bacteria in water and sewage treatment plant effluents. Preliminary

results from the analysis of one species of bacteria are presented along with a discussion of current problems encountered in the analytical procedure.

18230. Yonemura, G. T., Light and vision. Paper in Develop- ments in Lighting-l, J. A. Lynes, Ed., Chapter 2, 25-45

(Applied Science Publishers Ltd., Essex, England, 1978).

Key words: illumination; illumination levels; lighting; task

lighting; vision.

Three levels of visual information needs are defined. The

psychological responses associated with these information

requirements are identified and correlated with their stimulus

counterparts. The criteria for recommending levels of illumination should be 'goodness of seeing' rather than 'just barely able

to see'. Blur is introduced as a parameter that has been

neglected in task description for lighting. The Modulation

Transfer Function is recommended as a technique that analytically describes the classical parameters associated with visual sensory performance as well as blur. The relative contributions

of physiological and psychological variables in visual task per- formance studies are discussed.

18234. Holton, J. K., Critical performance standards for passive

solar buildings, Proc. Conf. Second National Passive Solar

Buildings, Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 16-18, 1978, II, 294-297

(University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 1978).

Key words: passive solar systems; performance standards; system classification. An outline of a limited number of performance standards and

evaluation criteria for passive solar buildings is presented.

Three levels of criteria are described which are intended to categorize these into a few most needed criteria concerning

basic thermal performance, health and safety, and two levels of

additional criteria that are thought desirable to assess long term

usefulness of passive installations. Status of development of the

criteria is also discussed.

18254. Ventre, F. T., Decision-aiding communications in the regulatory agency: The partisan uses of technical information,

Ind. Forum 8, No. I, 15-28 ( 1977).

Key words: building codes; decision making; public policy;

regulation.

Based on a nationally representative survey of 1 200 municipal building departments, the partisan uses of information

in a regulatory setting are described. Each of the surveyed

agencies was facing a specific decision to alter its regulations

to accommodate innovative building techniques. The agencies

identified the various members of the building community —builders, designers, vendors, users, regulators—who came

forward to initiate the change, to discuss its advantages or dis- advantages, and then to assert a position, either supporting or

resisting the agency decision, to modify the regulations. The

local building industry—accused by many of being the greatest source of resistance to technical innovation—was found to be

the strongest force for change, equalling and sometimes sur- passing the positive influence of the model code groups.

18286. Hill, J. E., Jenkins, J. P., Jones, D. E., Testing of solar

collectors according to ASHRAE Standard 93-77, ASHRAE

Trans. 84, Part 2, 107-126 (1978).

Key words: heat transfer; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing.

A proposed procedure for testing and rating solar collectors based on thermal performance was published by the National

Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1974. The procedure prescribed

that a series of outdoor steady-state tests be conducted to determine the near-solar-noon efficiency of the collector over

a range of temperature conditions. The American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

(ASHRAE) has recently adopted ASHRAE Standard 93-77. It

is similar to the original NBS procedure but calls for additional

tests to determine the collector time constant as well as an in- cident angle correction factor that can be applied to the near- solar-noon efficiency to determine collector performance both

early in the morning and late in the day.

Two test facilities have been built at NBS in accordance with

ASHRAE Standard 93-77, one for modular water-cooled col- lectors and the other for air heaters. The purpose of this paper

is to describe the recently adopted test procedure, provide a

description of the facility at NBS, and to give results of a complete series of tests made according to the Standard on

several commercially available collectors.

43
18287. Hill, J. E.. Richtmyer, T. E.. Jenkins, J. P., Initial test

results (or a solar-cooled townhouse in the Mid-Atlantic re- gion, ASHRAE Trans. 82, Part II, 389-404 (1976).

Key words: absorption; air-cooling; computer; hot-water; measurement; residential; solar; testing.

A factory-produced four-bedroom townhouse unit equipped

with a solar heating, cooling, and domestic hot water supply

system is currently under test at the National Bureau of Stan- dards in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The test house has approximately 110' (1200 ft') of floor area. The solar system consists of 45 m' (485 ft') of double-glazed flat-plate solar collector having a nonselective coating on the absorber, a water-to-air heat exchanger in a forced-air distribution system for space

heating, two large water tanks for thermal storage, and a lithi- um-bromide absorption refrigeration unit. In addition, domestic

hot water is preheated from the solar system through a waterto-water heat exchanger.

Results are given for the first summer's cooling tests con- ducted in 1975. It was found that approximately 20 percent of

the required cooling energy was obtained from the sun and ap- proximately 75 percent of the energy for domestic hot water. The test results were compared with predicted results for the same conditions. It was found that solar collector array thermal

output was less than one-half of what had been expected based

both on manufacturers' published data and previous tests done on one part of the array at NBS. Due to the poor performance

of the collector array, it was found that no effective use could

be made of thermal storage.

18292. McNall, P. E., Pierce, E. T., Bamett, J. P., Control

strategies for energy conservation in buildings, Proc. Symp.

Honoring A. Pharo Gagge on Energy Conservation Strategies

in Buildings: Comfort, Acceptability, and Health, Hartford, CT,

Jan. 25, 1978, pp. 1-12 (J. B. Pierce Foundation Laboratories, Hartford, CT, 1978).

Key words: comfort conditions in buildings; compared

comfort control strategies; energy conservation potential;

set point controls; temperature controls.

Three control strategies allowing zone temperatures to "drift" between a minimum and a maximum set point, without

energy use, were imposed on two example commercial

buildings. Each building was simulated on a different computer

load program in several locations in the U.S. Comparisons of

the energy demands were made for the various cases, showing

significant energy saving potentials while maintaining inside thermal conditions which could probably be made acceptable

to the occupants.

18293. Brungraber, R. J., Adler, S. C, Technical support for a slip-resistance standard. Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec. Tech.

Publ. 649, pp. 40-48 (1978).

Key words: coefficient of friction; friction; performance

standards; safety engineering; slip resistance; test methods.

In the spring of 1975, ASTM Subcommittee F15.03.01 on

Specifications and Test Methods for Slip Resistance of Bathing

Facilities, requested technical assistance from the Building

Safety Section (BSS) of the National Bureau of Standards

(NBS) in developing a performance test for establishing quantitatively an acceptable level of slip resistance for bathtubs and

shower bases. Close cooperation between the subcommittee

members and the BSS staff, coupled with financial support

from the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC),

resulted in the development of a performance test which ap- proximates the conditions that are likely to occur on bathtub

or shower base surfaces, is reliable and repeatable, and dis- criminates adequately between currently available bathtub and

shower base materials.

18294. Ducas, W., Streed, E., Holton, J., Angel, W., Thermal

data requirements and performance evaluation procedures for passive buildings, Proc. 2d Natl. Conf. on Passive Solar Heating and Cooling, Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 16-18, 1978, 2, 411-

430 (Mid- Atlantic Solar Energy Association, Philadelphia,

PA, 1978).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

A systematic classification of passive solar buildings and per- formance factors are proposed to standardize evaluation

procedures for these buildings. Two measurement levels are described with appropriate sensors and data acquisition systems

to obtain either detailed data for complete component and

system evaluation or to obtain "critical" data for evaluating the energy saved at many sites.

18296. Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., A method of testing for rating

solar collectors based on thermal performance, Sol. Energy

18, 421-429 (1976).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

This paper describes a proposed test method for determining

the efficiency of solar collectors under specified outdoor

"steady-state" conditions. The prescribed series of tests should

provide useful data for the rating of solar collectors based on

thermal performance. A study was made of existing theory,

measurement practices and a number of collector test procedures in use prior to the publication of the proposed

method.

The test apparatuses and major components have been

prescribed so a liquid or air can be used as the transfer fluid. The energy of the fluid entering and leaving the collector is determined by making appropriate measurements and these

quantities are then compared to the energy incident upon the

collector (also determined by measurement) in order to calculate the collector efficiency.

The series of tests to be conducted consists of determining

the average efficiency for 15 min periods (integrating the ener- gy quantities) over a range of temperature differences between

the average fluid temperature (average of inlet and outlet) and

the ambient air. The test apparatuses have been designed so

that the temperature of the fluid entering the collector can be

controlled to a selected value. This feature is used to obtain the data over the temperature range desired. At least sixteen "data

points" are required for a complete test series and they must

be taken symmetrical with respect to solar noon (to prevent

biased results due to possible transient effects).

18297. Hill, J. E., Jenkins, J. P., The application of ASHRAE

Standard 93-77 to concentrating collectors, Proc. ERDA Conf. on Concentrating Solar Collectors, Atlanta, GA, Sept. 26-28,

1977, pp. 6-1 —6-8 (College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 1977).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air

Conditioning Engineers, (ASHRAE) has recently adopted

ASHRAE Standard 93-77 for testing and rating of solar collectors based on thermal performance. Four separate tests are required to be conducted. This paper will briefly explain the

tests and indicate how they might be adapted for use with concentrating collectors.

44
18298. Jones, D. E., System performance measurements for a packaged solar space heating system equipped with air-heating

collectors, Proc. Conf. on Performance Monitoring Techniques

for Evaluation of Solar Heating and Cooling Systems,

Washington, DC, Apr. 2-5, 1978, pp. 105-114 (U.S. Department of Energy, Conservation and Solar Applications, Solar Heating and Cooling Research and Development Branch,

Washington, DC, 1978).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

This paper describes the approach and instrumentation used

at the National Bureau of Standards for determining system

performance of a packaged solar space heating system

equipped with air heating collectors. A method of measuring

air flow rate accurately without disturbing system performance

through use of the collector as a flow measuring element is the major unique feature of the experimental approach.

18299. Jones, D. E., Hill, J. E., Testing of flat-plate air heaters according to ASHRAE Standard 93-77, Proc. American Section, Int. Solar Energy Society 1977 Annual Meeting, A Solar World, Orlando, FL, June 6-10, 1977, pp. 2-1—2-4

(American Section of the International Solar Energy Society,

Inc., Killeen, TX, 1977).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

A proposed procedure for testing and rating solar collectors was published by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1975. In early 1977, the American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

adopted ASHRAE Standard 93-77 which is a modified version

of the NBS procedure. A test facility for air heaters has been

built at NBS in accordance with this Standard. The purpose of

this paper is to briefly explain the recently adopted test procedure, describe the NBS test facility, and to give typical

test results for a commercially available air-cooled solar collector.

18300. Kusuda, T., Bean, J. W., McNall, P. E., Jr., Potential energy savings using comfort-index controls for building heating and cooling systems, Proc. Int. Indoor Climate Symp.,

Copenhagen, Denmark, Aug. 30-Sept. I, 1978,

Key words: computer simulation; energy conservation;

heating and cooling load calculation; planned heating and

cooling; thermal comfort indices.

Significant energy savings are possible through the use of

thermal comfort index controls of building heating and cooling

systems. In order to study the potential energy saving by comfort index controls, Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and

Predicted Percent Dissatisfied (PPD) indices have been incor- porated into NBSLD (National Bureau of Standards Heating

and Cooling Load Calculation Program) to determine hourly

profiles of indoor thermal comfort conditions under various

operating conditions which allow inside control points to vary. Discussed in this paper are the potential applications of this computer program (NBSPMV) for the evaluation of selected energy conservation options, from the standpoint of indoor

habitability and energy conservation. These options include in- creased temperature deadband, natural cooling, nighttime ther- mostat setback, passive solar heating, evaporative cooling, temperature ramp controls, intermittent heating and cooling, and

programmed heating and cooling.

18301. Liu, S. T., Shih, K., Wood, B. D., Experimental validation of the solar simulation program TRNSYS for a solar domestic hot water heating system, Proc. DoE Symp. on

Systems Simulation and Economic Analysis for Solar Heating

and Cooling, San Diego, CA, June 27-29, 1978, pp. 193-194

(U.S. Department of Energy, Conservation and Solar Applications, Solar Heating and Cooling Research and Development Branch and Barriers and Incentives Branch, Washington, DC, 1978).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

TRNSYS, a transient simulation program developed by the

University of Wisconsin, is currently the most widely used computer simulation program in the solar heating and cooling field. This program has been used to predict system performance of numerous solar heating and cooling systems. Although it is widely used, the accuracy of the prediction has not yet been

sufficiently validated with experimental data. The primary objective of a project currently underway at the National Bureau of Standards is to carry out experiments to validate the TRNSYS program for solar domestic water heating

systems. Two approaches are being taken. One is to use the program to predict the performance of six representative solar water heating systems and then to gather long-term experimental data (12 months) on these systems in actual operation at an outdoor test site in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The second ap- proach is to use a laboratory apparatus which has been

designed around the typical components simulated in TRNSYS

and to gather detailed short-term experimental data on the per- formance of these components when subjected to closely controlled experiments. The results are then compared with the

predictions of TRNSYS for the same experiments.

This paper presents some of the initial results of comparisons

obtained using the laboratory apparatus and associated

TRNSYS simulation. The specially-designed indoor test configuration will be described. Comparison of test results for several different combinations of hot water use schedule, piping

configuration, and assumed solar collector output with those predicted by the applicable component models in TRNSYS

under similar conditions will be shown. Emphasis has been

placed on comparing the degree of temperature stratification in the storage tanks and heat loss from the tanks.

18302. Richtmyer, T. E. , The use of computer-controlled data

acquisition systems in determining solar heating and cooling

system performance, Proc. Monitoring Techniques for Evaluation of Solar Heating and Cooling Systems, Washington, DC,

Apr. 2-5, 1978, pp. 95-104 (U.S. Department of Energy,

Conservation and Solar Applications, Solar Heating and

Cooling Research and Development Branch, Washington,

DC, 1978).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

For the past few years, NBS has been conducting a number

of solar energy related projects. Two, in particular, are solar heated and cooled buildings that use computer controlled data

acquisition systems. This paper describes those buildings, their data acquisition systems and discusses problems that have been

experienced. Finally, a list of recommendations and suggestions

are offered based on those experiences that should help prevent

similar problems on future projects.

45
18304. Streed, E. R., A comparison of flat-plate solar collector thermal performance data obtained indoors and outdoors,

Proc. 1978 Annual Meeting of the International Solar Energy

Society. Denver, CO, Aug. 28-31, 1978, 2.1, 352-361

(American Section of the International Solar Energy Society,

Inc., Killeen, TX, 1978).

Key words: measurement; radiation; rating; solar; stan- dards; testing.

Standard test methods for the determination of the thermal

performance of flat-plate solar collectors are needed on an in- ternational basis to provide consistent and reproducible data

for the world market. Indoor and outdoor test methods have

been proposed by a task group of the International Energy

Agency. The National Bureau of Standards is assisting in the evaluation of these methods. In this paper, a comparison is made of pertinent data obtained within the United States for the thermal efficiency of several state-of-the-art water-heating

flat-plate solar collectors. The data was obtained both outdoors

as well as indoors using a solar simulator. In addition, the values of the collector heat loss coefficient obtained indoors

and outdoors both under nonirradiated conditions is compared

with values indicated from the outdoor tests to determine ther- mal efficiency (irradiated conditions). The comparisons in- dicate that relatively good agreement is achieved using the vari- ous methods but that some of the environmental parameters

may require better control and/or simulation during the tests.

46
Author

Index

Abouelezz. M., Waters, P. F., NBSIR 78-1463.

Adler, S. C, Brungraber, R. J., 18293.

Algermissen, S. T., Steinbrugge, K. V., SP523, pp. VII- 16—VII-28 (Sept. 1978).

Andre, J. N., Clifton, J. R., TN974.

Angel, W., Ducas, W., Streed, E., Holton, J., 18294.

AoKi, Y., Watanabe, K., Nakano, K., Ishiyama, Y., SP523,

pp. V-102—V-116 (Sept. 1978).

Archea, J., Margulis, S. T., Templer, J. A., Mullet, G. M.,

NBSIR 78-1554.

Archea, J. C, Margulis, S. T., Carson, F. E., Carson, D. H., BSS108.

Arens, E. a., Carroll, W. L., BSS116.

Arens, E. a., Nall, D. H., NBSIR 78-1525.

Barnett, J. P., McNall, p. E., Pierce, E. T., 18292.

Bean, J. W., McNall, P. E., Jr., Kusuda, T., 18300.

Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W. J., Burns, G. W., Scroger, M.

G., Evans, G. A., NBSIR 77-1380.

Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W. J., Galowin, L. S., NBSIR 78- 1477.

Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W. J., Raduan, J. E. V., NBSIR

78-1537.

Beck, W. C, SP516, pp. 5-7 (Sept. 1978).

Beha, a. M.. Habraken, N. J., NBS-GCR-78-139.

Benson, W. M., Tibbott, R., Yonemura, G. T., NBSIR 77- 1306.

Berger, H. W., Cramp, A. P., NBSIR 78-1466.

Bergmann, E., Cooper, J. D., Longinow, A., SP523, pp. VIII- 1—VIII-21 (Sept. 1978).

Bergvall, L., SP504, pp. 5-16 (Feb. 1978).

Berman, S. M., SP512, pp. 14-19 (Apr. 1978).

Berry, S. A., NBSIR 77-1413.

Berry, S. A., Milton, H. J., SP504.

Bickle, L. W., van der Meer, W. J., SP518, pp. 205-218

(Aug. 1978).

BleTRY, J., FiLLIBEN, J. J., SiMIU, E., 17767.

Bowen, W., Hart, M. N., Jones, J. W., SP518, pp. 191-204

(Aug. 1978).

Brady, A. G., SP523, pp. IV-20—IV-27 (Sept. 1978).

Brown, P. W., Robbins, C. R., Clifton, J. R., TN977.

Brown, P. W., Robbins, C. R., Clifton, J. R., NBSIR 78- 1495.

Brown, T. B., SP518, pp. 9-15 (Aug. 1978).

Brungraber, R. J., Adler, S. C, 18293.

BURCH, D. M., Hunt, C. M., BSS105.

Burns, G. W., Scroger, M. G., Evans, G. A., Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W. J., NBSIR 77-1380.

Busching, H. W., Mathey, R. G., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., CulLEN, W. C, TN965.

Button, D. A., SP512, pp. 26-32 (Apr. 1978).

Camacho, a. a., Yancey, C. W. C, TN970.

Campbell, P., Godette, M., NBSIR 77-1399.

Campbell, P. G., Clark, E. J., TN984.

Campbell, P. G., Post, M. A., 18115.

Campbell, P. G., Post, M. A., Godette, M., 17472.

Carroll, W. L., Arens, E. A., BSS116.

Carson, D. H., Archea, J. C, Margulis, S. T., Carson, F.

E., BSS108.

Carson, F. E., Carson, D. H., Archea, J. C, Margulis, S. T., BSS108.

Castelluccio, S., SP5I6, pp. 25-26 (Sept. 1978).

Cattaneo, L. E., Waksman, D., Streed, E. R., Reichard, T. W., NBSIR 78-1 305A. Changery, M., Potter, T. D., SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept.

1978).

Chao, a. C, Kuklewicz, M. E., Weber, S. F., Grot, R. A., Mitchell, D. J., Schaefgen, J. R., NBSIR 78-1563.

Chapman, R., Kusuda, T., Collins, B. L., Ruegg, R. T., NBSIR 77-1388.

Chapman, R. E., 17500.

Chapman, R. E., Cooke, P. W., Ellingwood, B. R., Fattal,

S. G., Harris, J. R., Leyendecker, E. V., Culver, C. G.,

NBSIR 78-1549.

Chapman, R. E., Ruegg, R. T., 17942.

Chen, P. T., NBSIR 78-1568.

Chi, J., 18059.

Chi, J., Kelly, G., Didion, D., 18088.

Chi, J.. Kuklewicz, M. E., Kelly, G. E., NBSIR 78-1543.

Clark, E. J., Campbell, P. G., TN984.

Clifton, J. R., Andre, J. N., TN974.

Clifton, J. R., Brown, P. W., Robbins, C. R., TN977.

Clifton, J. R., Brown, P. W., Robbins, C. R., NBSIR 78- 1495.

Collins, B. L., SP512, pp. S-12 (Apr. 1978).

Collins, B. L., 17859.

Collins, B. L., Kusuda, T., BSS109.

Collins, B. L., Ruegg, R. T., Chapman, R., Kusuda, T., NBSIR 77-1388.

Collins, B. L., Tibbott, R. L., Rubin, A. I., BSS112.

Cooke, P. W., SP518.

Cooke, P. W., Eisenhard, R. M., NBSIR 78-1503.

Cooke, P. W., Ellingwood, B. R., Fattal, S. G., Harris, J. R., Leyendecker, E. V., Culver, C. G., Chapman, R. E., NBSIR 78-1549.

Cooper, J. D., Longinow, A., Bergmann, E., SP523, pp. VIII- 1—VIII-21 (Sept. 1978).

Cramp, A. P.. Berger, H. W., NBSIR 78-1466.

Cullen, W. C, Busching, H. W., Mathey, R. G., Rossiter,

W. J., Jr., TN965.

Culver, C, 17505.

Culver, C. G., 17506.

Culver, C. G., Chapman, R. E., Cooke, P. W., Ellingwood,

B. R., Fattal, S. G., Harris, J. R., Leyendecker, E. V., NBSIR 78-1549.

Cunningham, L. K., Melin, J. W., Tavis, R. L., NBS-GCR-78-

123. Dawson, A. G., Thomas, W. C, NBS-GCR-77-109.

Dawson, A. G. III., Wood, B. D., Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., Thomas, W. C, TN975.

Debelius, J. R., SP457-2.

Didion, D., Chi, J., Kelly, G., 18088.

DiDiON, D., Maxwell, B., Ward, D., 18098.

DiKKERS, R. D., Streed, E. R., Niessing, W. J., Waksman, D., PlELERT, J. H., NBSIR 78-1 143A. Dodd, J. S., SP523, pp. V-1—V-13 (Sept. 1978).

Dritt, J. O., SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Ducas, W., Streed, E., Holton, J., Angel, W., 18294.

Egdall, R. S.. Kitson, C. E., NBS-GCR-77-104.

Ehrenkrantz, E. D., NBS-GCR-77-107.

Eisenhard, R. M., Cooke, P. W., NBSIR 78-1503.

Elder, J., Rubin, A. I., Turner, G. E., NBSIR 77-1402.

Ellingwood, B., BSSllO.

Ellingwood, B. R., Fattal, S. G., Harris, J. R., Leyendecker, E. v.. Culver, C. G., Chapman, R. E., Cooke, P. W., NBSIR 78-1549.

Embree, E. J., Masters, L. W., Stiehler, R. D., Hockman, A., NBSIR 77-1437.

Embree, E. J., Masters, L. W., Stiehler, R. D., Hockman, A., 18102.

Emery, A. F., Kippenhan, C. J., Varey, G. B., Heerwagen, D.

R., SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug. 1978).

Evans, G. A., Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W. J., Burns, G. W.,

Scroger, M. G., NBSIR 77-1380.

Evans, R. J., Munger, G. R., NBS-GCR-78-125.

Fafard, C. H., SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug. 1978).

Fattal, S. G., Harris, J. R., Leyendecker, E. V., Culver, C.

G., Chapman, R. E., Cooke, P. W., Ellingwood, B. R., NBSIR 78-1549.

Fearn, J. E., NBSIR 78-1449. '

49
FlLLIBEN, J. J., SlMIU. E.. BleTRY, J., 17767.

Flynn, D. R.. Yaniv, S. L., SP499.

Flynn, J. E., SP516, pp. 13-18 (Sept. 1978).

FUJIWHARA, S., KURASHIGE, K., SP523, pp. I-l—1-9 (Sept.

1978).

Galowin, L. S., Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W. J., NBSIR 78- 1477. Galowin, L. S., Grot, R. A., 17540.

Gandemer, J., TN710-9.

Gates, N. C, Iwan, W. D., SP523, pp. VI-1— VI-14 (Sept.

1978).

Godette, M.. Campbell, P., NBSIR 77-1399.

GoDETTE, M., Campbell, P. G., Post, M. A., 17472.

Graham, M., SP516, pp. 9-12 (Sept. 1978).

Green, M., SP518, pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Grimes, J. W., Mulroy, W., Shomaker, B. L., 18064.

Grot, R. A., Galowin, L. S., 17540.

Grot, R. A., Harrje, D. T., 17544.

Grot, R. A., Mitchell, D. J., Schaefgen, J. R., Chao, A. C,

KuKLEWicz, M. E., Weber, S. F., NBSIR 78-1563.

Groves, J. R., Jr., SP518, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Guenther, S., Twitchell, a., SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug.

1978).

Haber, S., Simiu, E., Marshall, R. D., 17365.

Habraken, N. J., Beha. a. M., NBS-GCR-78-1 39. Hadate, T., Ichihara, K., Kuribayashi, E., Tazaki, T., SP523,

pp. VIM—VII-15 (Sept. 1978).

Hamada, K., Takahashi, H., Sato, H., Suwa, A., SP523, pp.

III-I —111-19 (Sept. 1978).

Harris, J. R., Leyendecker, E. V., Culver, C. G., Chapman,

R. E., Cooke, P. W., Ellingwood, B. R., Fattal, S. G.,

NBSIR 78-1549.

Harris, J. R., Wright, R. N., SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug.

1978).

Harrje, D. T., Grot, R. A., 17544.

Harrje, D. T., Hunt, C. M., Treado, S. J., Malik, N. J.,

/ 7407.

Hart, M. N., Jones, J. W., Bowen, W., SP518, pp. 191-204

(Aug. 1978).

Hastings, S. R., 18020.

Hattori, S., Ozaki. M., Kitagawa, Y., SP523, pp. V-14—V44 (Sept. 1978).

Hayashi, S., Uwabe, T., Noda, S., Kurata, E., SP523, pp. IV- 1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Heerwagen, D. R., Emery, A. F., Kippenhan, C. J., Varey, G.

B., SPS18, pp. 95-134 (Aug. 1978).

Heron, J., SP518, pp. 251-257 (Aug. 1978).

Hicks. J. M., Jr., NBSIR 78-1490.

Hill, J. E., Hunt, B. J., Richtmyer, T. E., NBSIR 78-1548.

Hill, J. E., Jenkins, J. P., 18297.

Hill, J. E., Jenkins, J. P., Jones, D. E., 18286.

Hill, J. E., Jones, D. E., 18299.

Hill, J. E., Richtmyer, T. E., Jenkins, J. P., 18287.

Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., 7 7405.

Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., 18296.

Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., Thomas, W. C, Dawson, A. G. III., Wood, B. D., TN975.

Hirosawa, M., Okamoto, S., Nakano, K., SP523, pp. VIII- 22—VIII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Hockenbery, K. a., Ruegg, R. T., McConnaughey, J. S., Sav,

G. T., BSS113.

Hockman, a., Embree, E. J., Masters, L. W., Stiehler, R. D., NBSIR 77-1437.

Hockman, A., Embree, E. J., Masters, L. W., Stiehler, R. D., 18102.

HoLTON, J., Angel, W., Ducas, W., Streed, E., 18294.

Holton, J., Waksman, D., NBSIR 78-1532.

HoLTON, J. K., NBSIR 78-1562.

Holton, J. K., 17552.

Holton, J. K., 18107.

Holton, J. K., 18234.

Hunt, B. J., Richtmyer, T. E., Hill, J. E., NBSIR 78-1548.

Hunt, C. M., Burch, D. M., BSS105.

Hunt, C. M., Porterfield, J. M., Ondris, P., NBSIR 78-1475.

Hunt, C. M., Treado, S. J., Malik, N. J., Harrje, D. T., 17407.

Ichihara, K., Kuribayashi, E., Tazaki, T., Hadate, T., SP523,

pp. VII-1—VII-15 (Sept. 1978).

Iinuma, T., Suwa, A., Yamakawa, N., SP523, pp. III-30— III- 43 (Sept. 1978).

ISHiYAMA, Y., AoKi, Y., Watanabe, K., Nakano, K., SP523,

pp. V-102—V-116 (Sept. 1978).

Iwan, W. D., Gates, N. C, SP523, pp. VI-1— VI-14 (Sept.

1978).

IWASAKi, T., Shioi, Y., SP523, pp. IV-96 —IV-1 14 (Sept. 1978).

IWASAKi, T., Tatsuoka, F., Ohashi, M., SP523, pp. IV1 15—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

IWASAKi, T., Wakabayashi, S., Takida, K., Ohashi, M., SP523,

pp. IV-48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Jenkins, J. P., Hill, J. E., 18297.

Jenkins, J. P., Hill, J. E., Richtmyer, T. E., 18287.

Jenkins, J. P., Jones, D. E., Hill, J. E., 18286.

Jones, D. E., 18298.

Jones, D. E., Hill, J. E., 18299.

Jones, D. E., Hill, J. E., Jenkins, J. P., 18286.

Jones, J. W., Bowen, W., Hart, M. N., SP518, pp. 191-204

(Aug. 1978).

Jones, R. R., 18069.

Kakimi, T., Sato, H., SP523, pp. III-55— III-62 (Sept. 1978).

Kawashima, K., Kuribayashi, E., SP523, pp. IV-158— IV-179

(Sept. 1978).

Kelly, G., Didion, D., Chi, J., 18088.

Kelly, G. E., Chi, J., Kuklewicz, M. E., NBSIR 78-1543.

Kelly, G. E., Parken, W. H., Jr., NBSIR 77-1271.

Kelly, G. E., Quigley, D. F., 17581.

Keune, R. v., SP524.

Kilmer, R. D., Quindry, T. L., Pallett, D. S., Wehrli, R., BSS84.

Kinoshita, S., Ohtani, K., SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept.

1978).

Kippenhan, C. J., Varey, G. B., Heerwagen, D. R., Emery,

A. F., SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug. 1978).

Kitagawa, Y., Hattori, S., Ozaki, M., SP523, pp. V-14—V44 (Sept. 1978).

Kitson, C. E., Egdall, R. S., NBS-GCR-77-104.

Kiyomiya, O., Tsuchida, H., Nakayama, S., SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Kornsand, N. J., SP518, pp. 67-76 (Aug. 1978).

Kreider, K. G., Wood, L. A., Ward, J. F., H124.

Kuklewicz, M. E., Kelly, G. E., Chi, J., NBSIR 78-1543.

Kuklewicz, M. E., Weber, S. F., Grot, R. A., Mitchell, D.

J., Schaefgen, J. R., Chao, A. C, NBSIR 78-1563.

KuNiHiRO, T., Narita, N., Yokoyama, K., SP523, pp. II-l—II- 19 (Sept. 1978).

KURASHIGE, K., Fujiwhara, S., SP523, pp. I-l—1-9 (Sept.

1978).

Kurata, E., Hayashi, S., Uwabe, T., Noda, S., SP523, pp. IV- 1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Kuribayashi, E., Kawashima, K., SP523, pp. IV-158—IV-179

(Sept. 1978).

Kuribayashi, E., Tazaki, T., Hadate, T., Ichihara, K., SP523,

pp. VII-1—VII-15 (Sept. 1978).

KusuDA, T., 18070.

Kusuda, T., Bean, J. W., McNall, P. E., Jr., 18300.

KusuDA, T., Collins, B. L., BSS109.

KusuDA, T., Collins, B. L., Ruegg, R. T., Chapman, R., NBSIR 77-1388.

Levy, J., 17814.

Lew, H. S., SP523.

Leyendecker, E. V., Culver, C. G., Chapman, R. E., Cooke,

P. W., Ellingwood, B. R., Fattal, S. G., Harris, J. R., NBSIR 78-1549.

Liu, S. T., Shih, K., Wood, B. D., 18301.

50
LoNGiNOW, A., Bergmann, E., Cooper, J. D., SP523, pp. VIII- 1—Vni-21 (Sept. 1978).

Mahaffey, C. T., TN976.

Maher, F. J., Reinhold, T. a., Sparks, P. R., Tielman, H. W.,

17941.

Malik, N. J., Harrje, D. T., Hunt, C. M., Treado, S. J.,

7 7407.

Mann, C. C, SP518, pp. 285-295 (Aug. 1978).

Mara, G., SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

Margulis, S. T., Carson, F. E., Carson, D. H., Archea, J. C,

BSS108.

Margulis, S. T., Templer, J. A., Mullet, G. M., Archea, J., SBSIR 78-1554.

Marshall, R. D., Haber, S., Simiu, E., 17365.

Masters, L. W., 17592.

Masters, L. W., Skoda, L. F., NBSIR 77-1314.

Masters, L. W., Stiehler, R. D., Hockman, A., Embree, E.

J., NBSIR 77-1437.

Masters, L. W., Stiehler, R. D., Hockman, A., Embree, E.

J., 18102.

MaTHEY, R. G., POMMERSHEIM, J. M., 17857.

Mathey, R. G., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Cullen, W. C,

BuscHiNG, H. W., TN965.

Mathey, R. G., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., TN972.

Mathey, R. G., Rossiter, W. J., Jr., TN982.

Maxwell, B., Ward, D., Didion, D., 18098.

McConnaughey, J. S., Sav, G. T., Hockenbery, K. A., Ruegg,

R. T., BSS113.

McConnaughey, J. S., Jr., NBSIR 78-1528.

McGuiRE, R. K., SP523, pp. 111-20— III-29 (Sept. 1978).

McLain, W. H., SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

McNall, p. E., Pierce, E. T., Barnett, J. P., 18292.

McNall, p. E., Jr., Kusuda, T., Bean, J. W., 18300.

Meese, W. J., Burns, G. W., Scroger, M. G., Evans, G. A., Beausoliel, R. W., NBSIR 77-1380.

Meese, W. J., Galowin, L. S., Beausoliel, R. W., NBSIR 78- 1477.

Meese, W. J., Raduan, J. E. V., Beausoliel. R. W., NBSIR

78-1537.

Melin, J. W., Tavis, R. L., Cunningham, L. K., NBS-GCR-78-

123. Metz, F. E., Orloski, M. J., NBSIR 78-1542.

Milton, H., SP504, pp. 33-48 (Feb. 1978).

Milton, H. J , SP518, PP 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Milton, H. J., SP530.

Milton, H. J , SP530, PP 101-133 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J., SP530, PP 1 1-20 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J , SP530, PP 135-146 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J-, SP530, PP 147-163 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J., SP530, PP 165-181 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J , SP530, PP 1-9 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J , SP530, PP 21-37 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J , SP530, PP 39-60 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J-, SP530, PP 61-80 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J-. SP530, PP 81-99 (Sept. 1978).

Milton, H. J., TN990

Milton, H. J.. 1756 7. Milton, H. J , Berry, S. A., SP504.

Minowa, C, Ohtani, K., Ogawa, N., SP523, pp. V-53—V-68

(Sept. 1978).

Mitchell, D. J., NBSIR 78-1395.

Mitchell, D. J., Schaefgen, J. R., Chao, A. C, Kuklewicz,

M. E., Weber. S. F., Grot, R. A.. NBSIR 78-1563.

Moriarty, p. J., SP518, pp. 381-390 (Aug. 1978).

Mullet, G. M., Archea, J., Margulis, S. T., Templer, J. A., NBSIR 78-1554.

Mulroy, W., Shomaker, B. L., Grimes, J. W., 18064.

Munger, G. R.. Evans. R. J.. NBS-GCR-78-125.

Nakano, K., Hirosawa, M., Okamoto, S., SP523, pp. VIII- 22—VIII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Nakano, K., Ishiyama, Y., Aoki. Y., Watanabe, K., SP523,

pp. V-102—V-116 (Sept. 1978).

Nakano, K., Ohashi, M., SP523, pp. V-80—V-101 (Sept.

1978).

Nakayama, S., Kiyomiya, O., Tsuchida. H.. SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Nall, D. H., Arens. E. a., NBSIR 78-1525.

Narita, N., Yokoyama, K., Kunihiro, T., SP523, pp. II-l— 11- 19 (Sept. 1978).

Niessing, W. J., NBSIR 78-1535.

Niessing, W. J., Waksman. D.. Pielert, J. H., Dikkers, R. D., Streed, E. R., NBSIR 78-1 143A. Nimmo, M. H.. Phillips. C. W., SP515.

Noda, S., Kurata, E., Hayashi, S., Uwabe. T.. SP523, pp. IV- 1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Ogawa, N., Minowa. C, Ohtani. K.. SP523, pp. V-53— V-68

(Sept. 1978).

Ohashi. M.. Iwasaki. T.. Tatsuoka, F., SP523, pp. IV- 115—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Ohashi, M., Iwasaki, T., Wakabayashi, S.. Takida, K., SP523,

pp. IV-48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Ohashi, M., Nakano. K.. SP523. pp. V-80—V-101 (Sept.

1978).

Ohtani, K., SP523, pp. VI-15— VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Ohtani. K.. Kinoshita. S.. SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept.

1978).

Ohtani, K., Ogawa, N., Minowa. C, SP523, pp. V-53—V-68

(Sept. 1978).

Okamoto, S., Nakano. K., Hirosawa, M., SP523, pp. VIII- 22—Vin-41 (Sept. 1978).

Olmert, M., NBSIR 77-1411.

Ondris, p.. Hunt, C. M., Porterheld. J. M.. NBSIR 78-1475.

Orlando, H., SP504, pp. 19-30 (Feb. 1978).

Orloski. M. J.. 18084.

Orloski. M. J.. Metz. F. E.. NBSIR 78-1542.

Orloski. M. J.. Wyly, R. S., TN966.

Ozaki, M., Kitagawa, Y., Hattori, S., SP523, pp. V-14—V44 (Sept. 1978).

Pallett, D. S., Wehrli, R.. Kilmer. R. D., Quindry. T. L.. BSS84.

Parken. W. H., Jr., Kelly, G. E., NBSIR 77-1271.

Parker, W. J., Pierce, E. T., Rorrer, D. E., Shaver, J. R.. Sherlin. G. C, Tryon. M.. Wyly, R. S., BSSIU.

Peavy, B. a., NBSIR 77-1405.

Peavy, B. a., Tietsma, G. J., BSS102.

Petersen, S. R., NBSIR 78-1471. Petersen. S. R.. 17574.

Phillips, C. W., Nimmo. M. H.. SP515.

Pielert. J. H., Dikkers, R. D., Streed, E. R.. Niessing. W. J., Waksman, D., NBSIR 78-1 143 A. Pierce, E. T., Barnett, J. P., McNall, P. E.. 18292.

Pierce. E. T., Rorrer, D. E., Shaver, J. R.. Sherlin, G. C,

Tryon, M., Wyly, R. S., Parker, W. J., BSSIU.

PlERMAN, B. C, SP516.

Pommersheim, J. M., Mathey, R. G., 17857.

PORTERFIELD, J. M., Ondris, P., HUNT, C. M., NBSIR 78-1475.

Post, M. A., Campbell, P. G., 18115.

Post, M. A., Godette, M., Campbell. P. G.. 17472. Potter. T. D.. Changery. M.. SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept.

1978).

Quigley, D. F., Kelly, G. E., 17581.

Quindry, T. L., Pallett. D. S.. Wehrli. R., Kilmer, R. D., BSS84.

Raduan. J. E. V.. Beausoliel. R. W.. Meese, W. J.. NBSIR

78-1537.

Raufaste, N. J., Jr., SP523, pp. VIII-42—VIH-46 (Sept. 1978).

Reichard, T. W., Cattaneo, L. E., Waksman, D., Streed, E.

R., NBSIR 78-1 305A.

51
Reinhold, T. a.. Sparks. P. R.. Tielman, H. W., Maker, F.

J., 17941.

Remmer, N. S.. SPS18, pp. 359-369 (Aug. 1978).

Reznek. B.. NBS-GCR-78-130.

RiCHTMYER. T. E., Hill. J. E.. Hunt. B. J., NBSIR 78-1548.

RiCHTMYER. T. E., Jenkins. J. P.. Hill, J. E., 18287.

RiCHTYMYER. T. E., 18302.

RoBBiNs. C. R.. Clifton, J. R.. Brown. P. W.. TN977.

RoBBiNS. C. R.. Clifton, J. R., Brown. P. W.. NBSIR 78- 1495.

Rorrer, D. E., Shaver, J. R., Sherlin. G. C. Tryon. M.,

Wyly. R. S.. Parker. W. J.. Pierce, E. T., BSSIII.

RossiTER, W. J., Jr., Cullen, W. C, Buscheng, H. W.. Mathey, R. G., TN965.

RossiTER, W. J., Jr., Mathey, R. G., TN972.

Rossiter, W. J., Jr., Mathey. R. G.. TN982.

Rubin. A. I., Collins, B. L., Tibbott, R. L.. BSS112.

Rubin, A. I., Turner. G. E., Elder. J.. NBSIR 77-1402.

Ruegg. R. T., Chapman, R.. Kusuda. T.. Collins, B. L., NBSIR 77-1388.

Ruegg, R. T., Chapman. R. E.. 17942.

Ruegg, R. T., McConnaughey, J. S., Sav, G. T., Hockenbery,

K. A., BSS113.

Sato, H., Kakimi, T., SP523, pp. 111-55— III-62 (Sept. 1978).

Sato, H., Suwa, A., Hamada, K., Takahashi, H., SP523, pp. III-l— in-19 (Sept. 1978).

Sav, G. T., Hockenbery, K. A., Ruegg, R. T., McConnaughey, J. S., BSS113.

Sawada, K., SP523, pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Schaefgen, J. R., Chao. A. C. Kuklewicz. M. E.. Weber. S.

F.. Grot. R. A., Mitchell. D. J.. NBSIR 78-1563.

Schodek. D. L., SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Scroger, M. G., Evans, G. A., Beausoliel, R. W., Meese, W.

J., Burns, G. W., NBSIR 77-1380.

Shaver, J. R., Sherlin, G. C, Tryon, M., Wyly, R. S., Parker, W. J., Pierce, E. T., Rorrer, D. E.. BSSlll.

Sherlin. G. C. Tryon. M.. Wyly. R. S.. Parker. W. J., Pierce, E. T., Rorrer, D. E., Shaver, J. R., BSSl 11. Shih, K., Wood, B. D., Liu, S. T., 18301.

Shioi, Y., IWASAKi, T., SP523, pp. IV-96 —IV-1 14 (Sept. 1978).

Shomaker, B. L., Grimes, J. W., Mulroy, W., 18064.

SiMiu, E., BieTRY, J.. Filliben. J. J., 17767.

Simiu. E.. Marshall. R. D., Haber, S.. 17365.

SissoN. T. R. C. SP516, pp. 19-24 (Sept. 1978).

Skoda. L. F.. Masters, L. W., NBSIR 77-1314.

Sleater, G., 17852.

Sleater, G., 17943.

Sleater, G. A., 17944.

Sluiter. T. E., Tonini. D. E., SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug.

1978).

Smith, R. L.. SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Sparks. P. R.. Tielman. H. W.. Maher. F. J.. Reinhold, T. A., 17941.

Stahl,F. \., NBSIR 78-1508.

Stahl, F. I., NBSIR 78-1514.

Starostovic, E., SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Steihler, R. D., 18132.

Steinbrugge. K. v., Algermissen, S. T., SP523, pp. VII- 16—VII-28 (Sept. 1978).

Stiehler, R. D., Hockman, A., Embree, E. J.. Masters. L. W.,

NBSIR 77-1437.

Stiehler. R. D.. Hockman, A., Embree, E. J., Masters, L. W.,

18102.

Streed, E., Holton, J., Angel, W.. Ducas, W., 18294.

Streed, E. R., 17823.

Streed, E. R., 18304.

Streed, E. R., Hill, J. E., 17405.

Streed, E. R., Hill, J. E., 18296.

Streed, E. R., Niessing, W. J., Waksman, D., Pielert, J. H., DiKKERS, R. D., NBSIR 78-1 143A. Streed, E. R., Reichard, T. W., Cattaneo. L. E.. Waksman,

D.. NBSIR 78-1305A.

Streed. E. R.. Thomas. W. C, Dawson, A. G. III., Wood, B. D. , Hill, J. E., TN975.

Styne, a. F., SP516, pp. 27-28 (Sept. 1978).

Suwa, A., Hamada, K., Takahashi, H., Sato, H., SP523, pp. III-l— III-19 (Sept. 1978).

Suwa, A., Yamakawa. N.. Iinuma. T., SP523, pp. III-30— III- 43 (Sept. 1978).

Symuleski, R. a., 18203.

Takahashi, H., Sato, H.. Suwa, A., Hamada, K., SP523, pp. III-l— III-19 (Sept. 1978).

Takahashi, H., Yamamizu, F., SP523, pp. 111-44—111-54 (Sept.

1978).

Takida, K., Ohashi, M., Iwasaki, T., Wakabayashi. S.. SP523,

pp. IV-48 —IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Tatsuoka, F., Ohashi. M.. Iwasaki. T.. SP523, pp. IV- 115—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Tavis, R. L.. Cunningham. L. K.. Melin. J. W., NBS-GCR-78-

123. Taylor, H., SP512, pp. 20-25 (Apr. 1978).

Tazaki, T., Hadate, T., Ichihara, K., Kuribayashi, E., SP523,

pp. VIM—VII-15 (Sept. 1978).

Templer, J. A., Mullet, G. M., Archea, J., Margulis, S. T., NBSIR 78-1554.

Thomas, W. C, Dawson, A. G., NBS-GCR-77-109.

Thomas, W. C, Dawson, A. G. III., Wood. B. D., Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., TN975.

Tibbott, R., Yonemura, G. T., Benson, W. M., NBSIR 77- 1306.

Tibbott, R. L., Rubin, A. I., Collins, B. L.. BSSl 12. Tielman, H. W., Maher, F. J., Reinhold, T. A., Sparks, P. R., 17941.

Tietsma, G. J., Peavy, B. A., BSS102.

Tonini, D. E., Sluiter, T. E., SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug.

1978).

Tovey, H., SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Treado. S. J.. Malik. N. J., Harrje, D. T., Hunt, C. M.,

17407.

Trechsel, H. R., SP512.

Trechsel, H. R., 17947.

Tryon, M., Wyly, R. S., Parker, W. J., Pierce, E. T., Rorrer. D. E.. Shaver. J. R., Sherlin, G. C, BSSlll.

Tsuchida, H., Nakayama, S., Kiyomiya, O.. SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Tuomi, R. L., SP523, pp. VI-25—VI-34 (Sept. 1978).

Turner. G. E., Elder. J., Rubin, A. I., NBSIR 77-1402.

Twitchell. a.. Guenther, S.. SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug.

1978).

Tyrrell, J. V., SP518, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Uwabe, T., Noda, S., Kurata, E., Hayashi, S., SP523, pp. IV- 1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978). van der Meer, W. J., Bickle, L. W., SP518, pp. 205-218

(Aug. 1978).

Varey. G. B.. Heerwagen, D. R.. Emery, A. F., Kippenhan,

C. J., SP5I8, pp. 95-134 (Aug. 1978).

Ventre, F. T., 18254.

Wakabayashi, S., Takida, K., Ohashi, M., Iwasaki, T., SP523,

pp. IV-48 —IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Waksman, D.. Holton, J., NBSIR 78-1532.

Waksman, D., Pielert. J. H.. Dikkers. R. D., Streed. E. R.. Niessing. W. J., NBSIR 78-1 143A. Waksman, D., Streed, E. R., Reichard, T. W., Cattaneo, L.

E. , NBSIR 78-1305A.

Ward, D., Didion, D., Maxwell, B., 18098.

Ward, J. F., Kreider, K. G., Wood, L. A., HI 24. Watabe, M.. SP523, pp. IV-78 —IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Watanabe. K.. Nakano, K.. Ishiyama. Y., Aoki, Y., SP523,

pp. V-102—V-1 16 (Sept. 1978).

Waters, P. F.. Abouelezz, M., NBSIR 78-1463.

Weber, S. F.. BSSl 14. Weber. S. F., Grot, R. A.. Mitchell, D. J.. Schaefgen, J. R., Chao, A. C, Kuklewicz, M. E., NBSIR 78-1563.

52
Weber, S. G., TN710-I0.

Weber, S. G., TN7I0-8.

Wehrli, R., Kilmer, R. D., Quindry, T. L., Pallett, D. S., BSS84.

Winter. S., SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Wood, B. D., Hill, J. E., Streed, E. R., Thomas, W. C,

Dawson, A. G. III.. TN975.

Wood, B. D., Liu, S. T., Shih, K.. 18301.

Wood, L. A., Ward, J. F., Kreider, K. G., H124.

Wright, R. N., SP516, pp. 1-3 (Sept. 1978).

Wright, R. N., Harris, J. R., SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug.

1978).

Wyly, R. S., Orloski, M. J., TN966.

Wyly, R. S., Parker, W. J., Pierce, E. T., Rorrer, D. E., Shaver, J. R., Sherlin, G. C, Tryon, M., BSSlll.

N., Iinuma, T., Suwa, A., SP523, pp. IH-30—III- 43 (Sept. 1978).

Yamamizu, F., Takahashi, H., SP523, pp. III-44—III-54 (Sept.

1978).

Yancey, C. W. C, Camacho, A. A., TN970.

Yaniv, S. L., Flynn, D. R., SP499.

Yokoyama, K., Kunihiro, T., Narita, N., SP523, pp. II-l— II- 19 (Sept. 1978).

Yonemura, G. T., 18230.

Yonemura, G. T., Benson. W. M., Tibbott, R., NBSIR 77- 1306.

Key Word

Index

A

Abatement; building materials; cost; economics; housing; lead- based paint; lead poisoning; / 7500.

Abrasion; Federal Speciflcation CCC-W-408A; fungus re- sistance; stain resistance; surface roughness; vinyl wall- coverings; wallcovering materials; washability; TN984.

Abrasion resistance; coatings; color and gloss change; impact

resistance; industrial cladding; moisture resistance; salt spray

resistance; 17943.

Absorber coatings; absorber plates; cover plates; enclosure; in- sulation; materials performance; reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials; solar energy systems; standards; NBSIR 77-1314.

Absorber plates; cover plates; enclosure; insulation; materials

performance; reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials;

solar energy systems; standards; absorber coatings; NBSIR

77-1314.

Absorption; air-cooling; computer; hot-water; measurement; residential; solar; testing; 18287.

Abstracts; annotated compilation; electrical usage; government

contractor's report; information sources; nonindustrial; NBSGCR-78-130.

Abstracts; Center for Building Technology; key words; publications; SP457-2.

Accelerated aging tests; building components and materials; degradation; methodology; predictive service life tests; ser- vice life; 17592.

Accelerated laboratory testing; performance criteria; stone decay; stone preservatives; 17852.

Accelerated stone decay; performance criteria; stone preservatives; 17944.

Accelerogram; artificial earthquake; covariance; filter; finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; random variables;

synthesis; wave; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Accelerograms; digitization; high frequencies; low frequencies;

SP523, pp. IV-20—IV-27 (Sept. 1978).

Accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake

hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; solids; stan- dards; structural engineering; structural responses; wind

loads; winds; SP523.

Accelerometer; axial force; bar stress transducer; bending moment; displacement meter; dynamic behavior of tunnel; power spectrum; strain meter; submerged tunnel; SP523, pp. V-69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Acceptable level of human risk; construction costs; earthquake

resistant code; expected seismic force; object postulate; reliability theory; social utility; SP523, pp. V-102—V-116 (Sept.

1978).

Accidents; architectural psychology; consumer products; en- vironmental factors; home safety; occupant behavior; survey

technique; BSS108.

Accuracy; calibration; evaluation; lead; paint; poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray

fluorescent; NBSIR 78-1466.

Acidic; alkaline; degradation; herbicide; historic structures; masonry; NBSIR 7S-1449.

Acoustical performance (plumbing piping); fire performance

(plumbing piping); plumbing performance evaluation

(piping); structural performance (thermoplastic plumbing

piping); thermoplastic pipe usage (residential plumbing);

BSSlll.

Acoustics; architectural acoustics; building acoustics; environmental noise; noise; noise control; sound; transportation

system noise; BSS84.

Acoustics; codes; CSTB; French compliance techniques; translations; TN710-8.

Administrative procedures; building codes; building regulations;

buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations;

innovative practices; regulatory research; standards develop- ment; SP518.

Adobe; clay; particle size distribution; soluble salt analysis;

weathering; x-ray analysis; NBSIR 78-1495.

Adobe building materials; adobe soil; color determination;

microfabric analysis; mineralogical analysis; particle size dis- tribution; pH; plastic and liquid limits; soluble salts; TN977.

Adobe soil; color determination; microfabric analysis;

mineralogical analysis; particle size distribution; pH; plastic

and liquid limits; soluble salts; adobe building materials; TN977.

Aerodynamic stability; construction stages; suspension bridge;

SP523, pp. 11-1—11-19 (Sept. 1978).

Aerodynamics; dynamic loads; dynamic response; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind pressure; wind tunnel tests; 17941.

Air flow; CSTB; discomfort, wind; France; translations; wind

discomfort; wind flow around buildings; TN710-9.

Air Force facilities; building energy conservation; energy management; evaluation and monitoring; survey of buildings;

NBSIR 77-1238.

Air infiltration; air leakage; low income housing; sulfur hexafluoride tracer; NBSIR 78-1475.

Air infiltration; automated instrumentation; energy conservation; gas chromatograph; sulphur hexafluoride; tracer gas; 17544.

Air infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation;

energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residentisd heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography;

BSS105.

Air infiltration; energy conservation; mobile home; part-load ef- ficiency; thermography; BSS102.

Air infiltration instrumentation; air infiltration measurement;

building ventilation rates; sulfur hexafluoride tracer; 17407.

Air infiltration measurement; building ventilation rates; sulfur hexafluoride tracer; air infiltration instrumentation; / 7407.

Air leakage; dynamic heat transfer; energy analysis; heating and

cooling loads; heat loss and heat gain; multi-room problems;

18070.

Air leakage; low income housing; sulfur hexafluoride tracer; air

infiltration; NBSIR 78-1475.

Air-cooling; computer; hot-water; measurement; residential;

solar; testing; absorption; 18287.

Air-to-air heat pump; energy conservation heating; enginedriven heat pump; heat engine; heat pump; residential heating; Stirling engine; Stirling engine heat pump; 18098.

Alkaline; degradation; herbicide; historic structures; masonry;

acidic; NBSIR 78-1449.

Alkyd traffic paint; chlorinated rubber traffic paint; hot ther- moplastic coatings; lead chromate; organic yellow pigments;

yellow traffic paint; 18115.

Alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building standards; energy conservation; performance standards; SP518, pp. 191-204 (Aug.

1978).

Analytical method; b^e-rock; bridge foundations; deconvolution procedure; earthquake records; ground conditions;

ground transfer functions; shear wave; SP523, pp. IV- 158—IV-179 (Sept. 1978)

Annotated compilation; electrical usage; government contractor's report; information sources; nonindustrial; abstracts; NBS-GCR-78-130.

Annual operating cost; boilers; fossil fuel heating systems; fur- naces; part load performance; rating procedures; seasonal ef- ficiency; NBSIR 78-1543.

Appliance combinations; energy conservation in dwellings;

ERDA; heat recovery; hot water distribution systems; in- tegrated appliances; utility systems; 17540.

Appliance labeling; energy use; household freezers; household

refrigerators; refrigerator; 18064.

57
Application guidelines; elastomeric; materials; membranes; per- formance factors; review; roofing; TN972.

Architectural acoustics; building acoustics; environmental

noise; noise; noise control; sound; transportation system

noise; acoustics; BSS84.

Architectural analysis; architectural evaluation; architectural process; architectural research; building evaluation; building

research; man and environment relations; people and

buildings; post-construction evaluation; NBSIR 77-1402.

Architectural design; design considerations; dimensional rela- tionships; environmental design; safety; stairs; user needs;

NBSIR 78-1554.

Architectural evaluation; architectural process; architectural research; building evaluation; building research; man and en- vironment relations; people and buildings; post-construction

evaluation; architectural analysis; NBSIR 77-1402.

Architectural process; architectural research; building evaluation; building research; man and environment relations; people and buildings; post-construction evaluation; architectural

analysis; architectural evaluation; NBSIR 77-1402.

Architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computer-aided design; fire computer program; fire research;

fire safety; human performance; model documentation;

modeling technique; programming; simulation; NBSIR 78- 1514.

Architectural psychology; consumer products; environmental

factors; home safety; occupant behavior; survey technique;

accidents; BSS108.

Architectural psychology; environmental psychology; fire escape; fire safety; human research; research design; NBSIR

78-1508.

Architectural research; building evaluation; building research; man and environment relations; people and buildings; postconstruction evaluation; architectural analysis; architectural evaluation; architectural process; NBSIR 77-1402.

Architectural research; building fires; computer-aided design;

fire computer program; fire research; fire safety; human per- formance; model documentation; modeling technique; pro- gramming; simulation; architectural psychology; NBSIR 78- 1514.

Architecture; building regulatory system; codes; health and

safety; historic buildings; historic preservation; impacts; per- formance-based standards; research; SP524.

Architecture; buildings; color; design; hospitals; light; SP516.

Artificial earthquake; covariance; filter; finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; random variables; synthesis; wave; ac- celerogram; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Artificial illumination; buildings; criteria; energy conservation; energy consumption; environmental design; lighting levels; standards; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Aseismic design; building service systems; codes; earthquake;

hospitals; standards; TN970.

ASHRAE Standard; climatic conditions; energy conservation;

glass area; heat transfer; insulation standards; U-values;

SP518, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

ASHRAE standards; building envelope; building regulations;

data collection; energy budget; energy conservation; heat

loss; thermal performance; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug. 1978).

ASHRAE Standards; evaluation of test procedure; solar heating

components; standard test procedure; thermal storage tests; water tank thermal storage; NBSIR 78-1548.

ASHRAE 90-P; building codes; mobile homes; National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards; NCSBCS;

proceedings; 8th Annual Conference; NBSIR 77-1413.

ASHRAE 90-75; building standards; energy conservation; per- formance standards; alternatives; SP518, pp. 191-204 (Aug.

1978).

Asphalt; bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tar pitch; roofing; sag;

slip; 17857.

Assessment; building codes; building design; disaster mitigation;

earthquakes; engineering; implementation; standards; NBSIR

78-1549.

Automated instrumentation; energy conservation; gas chromatograph; sulphur hexafluoride; tracer gas; air infiltration; 17544.

Awakening to problems; deceptive sounds; establish legal limits; tolerance level differences; SP518, pp. 285-295 (Aug. 1978).

Axial force; bar stress transducer; bending moment; displacement meter; dynamic behavior of tunnel; power spectrum;

strain meter; submerged tunnel; accelerometer; SP523, pp. V-69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

B

Bacterial identification; gas-liquid chromatography; potable

water; pyrolysis; sewage treatment plant effluent; water reuse; 18203.

Balancing; building code official; code requirements; energy

conservation; performance specifications; testing; verification; SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Bar stress transducer; bending moment; displacement meter; dynamic behavior of tunnel; power spectrum; strain meter; submerged tunnel; accelerometer; axial force; SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Base-rock; bridge foundations; deconvolution procedure;

earthquake records; ground conditions; ground transfer functions; shear wave; analytical method; SP523, pp. IV-158—IV- 179 (Sept. 1978).

Bending moment; displacement meter; dynamic behavior of

tunnel; power spectrum; strain meter; submerged tunnel; ac- celerometer; axial force; bar stress transducer; SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Benefit-cost analysis; benefit-risk analysis; building codes and

standards; building regulations; building safety; economic

analysis; economics of safety; electric shock; ground fault cir- cuit interrupters; NBSIR 78-1528.

Benefit-cost analysis; building economics; building standards; energy conservation; life-cycle building costs; performance

standards; NBSIR 78-1471.

Benefit-risk analysis; building codes and standards; building

regulations; building safety; economic analysis; economics of

safety; electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters;

benefit-cost analysis; NBSIR 78-1528.

Bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tar pitch; roofing; sag; slip; asphalt; 17857.

Bituminous roof membranes; built-up roofs; moisture; moisture

dissipation; nondestructive detection of moisture; per- formance criteria; roofing moisture; TN965.

Boiler; computer simulation; DEPAB; energy conservation;

heating systems; part-load performance; seasonal efficiency;

18059.

Boilers; fossil fuel heating systems; furnaces; part load per- formance; rating procedures; seasonal efficiency; annual

operating cost; NBSIR 78-1543.

Branch circuit wiring; electrical fires; heat generation in receptacles; insulated buildings; overheating conductors; residential branch circuit wiring; thermal insulation and electrical wiring; NBSIR 78-1477.

Branch circuits; duplex receptacles; electrical connections;

power loss; temperatures; thermocouples; wire; NBSIR 77- 1380.

Bridge foundations; deconvolution procedure; earthquake

records; ground conditions; ground transfer functions; shear wave; analytical method; base-rock; SP523, pp. IV-158 —IV- 179 (Sept. 1978).

Bridge foundations; dynamic triaxial tests; liquefaction; model

tests; pile foundations; sand; shake table; standard penetration test; SP523, pp. IV-1 15—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

58
Bridges; earthquake; retrofit decision; SP523, pp. VIII-1—VIIl- 21 (Sept. 1978).

Building; building codes; building design; disaster mitigation;

earthquakes; engineering; standards; SP5J0.

Building; center for building technology; design; performance

concept; NBS-GCR-77-107

.

Building; construction cost estimation; discounted payback

period; economic analysis; economic evaluation; energy conservation; life-cycle costing; present value analysis; NBSIR

78-1568.

Building acoustics; building codes; isolation; noise; noise

criteria; rating scheme; sound transmission; SP499.

Building acoustics; environmental noise; noise; noise control; sound; transportation system noise; acoustics; architectural

acoustics; BSS84.

Building code; code officials; effective "U" values; energy conservation; implementation; professional competence; training

program; SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Building code official; buildings; education level; energy conservation; evaluations; upgrading, certification; SP518, pp. 9-15

(Aug. 1978).

Building code official; code requirements; energy conservation;

performance specifications; testing; verification; balancing;

SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Building codes; building design; disaster mitigation;

earthquakes; engineering; standards; building; SP510.

Building codes; building design; disaster mitigation;

earthquakes; engineering; implementation; standards; assess- ment; NBSIR 78-1549.

Building codes; building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative practices;

regulatory research; standards development; administrative

procedures; SP518.

Building codes; building regulations; building regulatory

systems; model building codes; standards; NBSIR 78-1490.

Building codes; building research; code enforcement; construction; existing buildings; rehabilitation; renovation; NBS-GCR78-139.

Building codes; buildings; deflections; dynamic response; gust

factors; structural engineering; wind loads; 17365.

Building codes; classification; index; organization; outline; stan- dards; systems engineering; SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug. 1978).

Building codes; code changes; incentives; innovations; log

homes; minimum property standards; model code agencies;

regulations; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Building codes; computer model; decision table; decision

theory; network, specifications; standards; systems engineering; NBS-GCR-78-123.

Building codes; control measures; fire codes; fire safety;

governmental actions; life safety; regulation; risk assessment;

societal goals; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Building codes; cost-benefit; decision making; priorities; regulatory agency; resources; risk; SP518, pp. 359-369 (Aug.

1978).

Building codes; data collection; fire hazards; fire protection;

National Fire Data Center; regulation; reporting system;

scenarios; system design; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Building codes; decision making; public policy; regulation;

18254.

Building codes; earthquakes; structural engineering; 17505.

Building codes; isolation; noise; noise criteria; rating scheme;

sound transmission; building acoustics; SP499.

Building codes; mobile homes; National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards; NCSBCS; proceedings; 8th

Annual Conference; ASHRAE 90-P; NBSIR 77-1413.

Building codes and standards; building regulations; building

safety; economic analysis; economics of safety; electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters; benefit-cost analysis; benefit-risk analysis; NBSIR 78-1528.

Building codes, due process; legislation; model codes; promulgation; regulatory process; standards development; SP5I8,

pp. 67-76 (Aug. 1978).

Building components and materials; degradation; methodology;

predictive service life tests; service life; accelerated aging

tests; 17592.

Building design; building regulatory system; decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; innovations; research findings;

scientific methods; socio-political system; technical expertise;

SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Building design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; standards; building; building codes; SP510.

Building design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering;

implementation; standards; assessment; building codes;

NBSIR 78-1549.

Building economics; building standards; energy conservation;

life-cycle building costs; performance standards; benefit-cost

analysis; NBSIR 78-1471.

Building economics; economic analysis; energy conservation;

engineering economics; investment analysis; life-cycle cost

analysis; BSS113.

Building economics; economic analysis; energy conservation;

engineering economics; housing; insulation; life-cycle cost

analysis; 17574.

Building economics; economic efficiency; economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; per- formance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; BSSl 14. Building energy conservation; climatic effects on building ener- gy consumption; computer modeling of building energy con- sumption; energy conservation; geographical variation of

building consumption; residential energy consumption;

BSSl 16. Building energy conservation; energy management; evaluation

and monitoring; survey of buildings; Air Force facilities; NBSIR 77-1238.

Building envelope; building regulations; data collection; energy

budget; energy conservation; heat loss; thermal performance;

ASHRAE standards; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug. 1978).

Building envelope; energy conservation; fenestration; passive

solar; windows; 18020.

Building evaluation; building research; man and environment

relations; people and buildings; post-construction evaluation;

architectural analysis; architectural evaluation; architectural process; architectural research; NBSIR 77-1402.

Building fires; computer-aided design; fire computer program;

fire research; fire safety; human performance; model documentation; modeling technique; programming; simulation;

architectural psychology; architectural research; NBSIR 78- 1514.

Building heating system; computer simulation; DEPAF; energy

conservation; furnaces; operating cost; seasonal performance;

18088.

Building height limitation; building volume limitation; earthquake resistant design; flexural-shear model; high-rise

buildings; histogram for building uses; shear model; SP523,

pp. VI-15—VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Building materials; cost; economics; housing; lead-based paint; lead poisoning; abatement; 17500.

Building official; building regulations; code enforcement; construction; court decisions; disasters; economics; legal ap- proach; regulatory process; violations; SP518, pp. 381-390

(Aug. 1978).

Building performance simulation; building regulations; computer applications; energy conservation; thermal comfort;

thermal performance of buildings; SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug.

1978).

Building practices; building research; codes and standards; housing; international cooperation; technology transfer; NBSIR 77-1411.

59
Building regulation; construction; enforcement; inspection;

legislation; manufactured building; rules and regulations; standards; NBSIR 78-1503.

Building regulations; building regulatory systems; model building codes; standards; building codes; NBSIR 78-1490.

Building regulations; building safety; economic analysis;

economics of safety; electric shock; ground fault circuit inter- rupters; benefit-cost analysis; benefit-risk analysis; building

codes and standards; NBSIR 78-1528.

Building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory research; standards development; administrative procedures; building

codes; SP518.

Building regulations; code enforcement; construction; court

decisions; disasters; economics; legal approach; regulatory

process; violations; building official; SP518, pp. 381-390

(Aug. 1978).

Building regulations; computer applications; energy conservation; thermal comfort; thermal performance of buildings;

building performance simulation; SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug.

1978).

Building regulations; data collection; demonstration program;

dissemination; information needs; residential construction;

solar energy; space heating; technology; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

Building regulations; data collection; energy budget; energy

conservation; heat loss; thermal performance; ASHRAE stan- dards; building envelope; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug. 1978).

Building regulations; enforcement; energy conservation; legisla- tion; standards development; survey findings; training; SP518,

pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Building regulations; innovation; international standards; metrication; performance standards; research; technological

trends; SP518, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Building regulatory system; codes; health and safety; historic buildings; historic preservation; impacts; performance-based

standards; research; architecture; SP524.

Building regulatory system; decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; innovations; research findings; scientific methods; socio-political system; technical expertise; building

design; SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Building regulatory systems; model building codes; standards;

building codes; building regulations; NBSIR 78-1490.

Building research; code enforcement; construction; existing

buildings; rehabilitation; renovation; building codes; NBSGCR-78-139.

Building research; codes and standards; housing; international cooperation; technology transfer; building practices; NBSIR

77-1411.

Building research; man and environment relations; people and

buildings; post-construction evaluation; architectural analysis; architectural evaluation; architectural process; architectural research; building evaluation; NBSIR 77-1402.

Building safety; economic analysis; economics of safety; electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters; benefit-cost analysis; benefit-risk analysis; building codes and standards; building

regulations; NBSIR 78-1528.

Building service systems; codes; earthquake; hospitals; stan- dards; aseismic design; TN970.

Building standards; energy conservation; life-cycle building

costs; performance standards; benefit-cost analysis; building

economics; NBSIR 78-1471.

Building standards; energy conservation; performance stan- dards; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; SP518, pp. 191-204

(Aug. 1978).

Building ventilation rates; sulfur hexafluoride tracer; air infiltra- tion instrumentation; air infiltration measurement; 17407.

Building volume limitation; earthquake resistant design; flexu- ral-shear model; high-rise buildings; histogram for building

uses; shear model; building height limitation; SP523, pp. VI- 15—VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Buildings; color; design; hospitals; light; architecture; SP516.

Buildings; cooling; heating; hot water; performance criteria; solar energy; standards; NBSIR 78-1562.

Buildings; cooling; heating; performance criteria; solar collectors; solar energy; standards; 17552.

Buildings; counties; energy conservation; enforcement; insulation; regulations; standards; State legislation; thermal efficien- cy; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Buildings; criteria; energy conservation; energy consumption;

environmental design; lighting levels; standards; artificial illu- mination; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Buildings; deflections; dynamic response; gust factors; structural engineering; wind loads; building codes; 17365.

Buildings; design; test methods; walls and windows; 17947.

Buildings; design criteria; developing countries; technology

transfer; windloads; SP523, pp. VIII-42— VIII-46 (Sept.

1978).

Buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; in- novative practices; regulatory research; standards develop- ment; administrative procedures; building codes; building

regulations; SP518.

Buildings; education level; energy conservation; evaluations; upgrading, certification; building code official; SP518, pp. 9-15

(Aug. 1978).

Buildings; fire loads; load surveys; 17506.

Buildings; solar energy; standards; NBSIR 78-1 143A. Buildings costs; economic evaluation; energy conservation; exterior walls; life-cycle costing; windows; 17942.

Buildings (codes); concrete (reinforced); design (criteria); loads; probability theory; reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering; BSSllO.

Buildings (codes); dynamic response; gust loads; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind forces; wind pressure; / 7767.

Built environment; education and training; energy conservation;

enforcement; legislation; promulgation; regulation; standards; SP518, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Built-up roofmg; coal-tar pitch; roofing; sag; slip; asphalt; bitu- men; 17857.

Built-up roofs; moisture; moisture dissipation; nondestructive

detection of moisture; performance criteria; roofing moisture;

bituminous roof membranes; TN965.

c

Cables; development of submarine equipment; earthquake prediction; ocean-bottom seismograph; SP523, pp. 111-30 —III-43 (Sept. 1978).

Calculating concrete fire resistance; codes; concrete fire re- sistance; CSTB; fire; fire codes; France; translations; TN710-

10. Calibration; evaluation; lead; paint; poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy; NBSIR 78-1466.

Catalog; CCMS-MIUS Project Catalog; International Project

Catalog; project catalog; project summary forms; reporting

system; SP515.

Caulks and sealants; clock thermostats; energy conservation; in- sulation; replacement windows; retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization;

weatherstripping; TN982.

CCMS-MIUS Project Catalog; International Project Catalog;

project catalog; project summary forms; reporting system;

catalog; SP515.

Center for building technology; design; performance concept;

building; NBS-GCR-77-107.

Center for Building Technology; key words; publications; abstracts; SP457-2.

Central air conditioners; heat pumps; rating procedure;

seasonal cost of operation; test method; NBSIR 77-1271.

60
Certification; compliance assurance programs; industrialized building construction; inspection; personnel qualifications;

quality control manual; regulations; third party agencies;

training; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Certification program; operational manual; rating standard;

solar collectors; NBS-GCR-78-I25.

Chlorinated rubber traffic paint; hot thermoplastic coatings; lead chromate; organic yellow pigments; yellow traffic paint;

alkyd traffic paint; 18115.

Classification; index; organization; outline; standards; systems

engineering; building codes; SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug.

1978).

Clay; particle size distribution; soluble salt analysis, weathering;

x-ray analysis; adobe; NBSIR 78-1495.

Climate data; computer; energy; load-calculation; residential; weather; NBSIR 78-1525.

Climatic conditions; energy conservation; glass area; heat

transfer; insulation standards; U-values; ASHRAE Standard;

SP518, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

Climatic effects on building energy consumption; computer

modeling of building energy consumption; energy conservation; geographical variation of building consumption; re- sidential energy consumption; building energy conservation;

BSS116.

Clock thermostats; energy conservation; insulation; replacement

windows; retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization; weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; Tm82.

Coal-tar pitch; roofing; sag; slip; asphalt; bitumen; built-up

roofing; 17857.

Coatings; color and gloss change; impact resistance; industrial cladding; moisture resistance; salt spray resistance; abrasion

resistance; 17943.

Code changes; incentives; innovations; log homes; minimum

property standards; model code agencies; regulations; build- ing codes; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Code enforcement; construction; court decisions; disasters; economics; legal approach; regulatory process; violations; building official; building regulations; SP518, pp. 381-390

(Aug. 1978).

Code enforcement; construction; existing buildings; rehabilitation; renovation; building codes; building research; NBSGCR-78-139.

Code officials; effective "U" values; energy conservation; implementation; professional competence; training program;

building code; SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Code requirements; energy conservation; performance specifi- cations; testing; verification; balancing; building code official; SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Codes; concrete fire resistance; CSTB; fire; fire codes; France;

translations; calculating concrete fire resistance; TN710-10. Codes; CSTB; French compliance techniques; translations; acoustics; TN710-8.

Codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards;

structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds; accelerograph; SP523.

Codes; earthquake; hospitals; standards; aseismic design; build- ing service systems; TN970.

Codes; health and safety; historic buildings; historic preservation; impacts; performance-based standards; research;

architecture; building regulatory system; SP524.

Codes and standards; housing; international cooperation;

technology transfer; building practices; building research; NBSIR 77-1411.

Coefficient of friction; friction; performance standards; safety

engineering; slip resistance; test methods; 18293.

Coefficients in aseismic design; design method; proposed

earthquake resistant design method; seismic hazard zoning

map; SP523, pp. V-80—V-101 (Sept. 1978).

Co-generation; integrated utility systems; solid waste management; thermal systems; total energy; wastewater treatment; NBSIR 78-1563.

Collector; evaluation; laboratories; qualification; solar; testing;

NBSIR 78-1535.

Color; design; hospitals; light; architecture; buildings; SP516.

Color and gloss change; impact resistance; industrial cladding;

moisture resistance; salt spray resistance: abrasion resistance; coatings; 17943.

Color determination; microfabric analysis; mineralogical analysis; particle size distribution; pH; plastic and liquid limits; soluble salts; adobe building materials; adobe soil; TN977.

Comfort conditions in buildings; compared comfort control

strategies; energy conservation potential; set point controls; temperature controls; 18292.

Compared comfort control strategies; energy conservation

potential; set point controls; temperature controls; comfort

conditions in buildings; 18292.

Compliance assurance programs; industrialized building construction; inspection; personnel qualifications; quality control manual; regulations; third party agencies; training; certifica- tion; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Computer; energy; load-calculation; residential; weather; cli- mate data; NBSIR 78-1525.

Computer; hot-water; measurement; residential; solar; testing;

absorption; air-cooling; 18287.

Computer applications; energy conservation; thermal comfort;

thermal performance of buildings; building performance

simulation; building regulations; SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug.

1978).

Computer model; decision table; decision theory; network,

specifications; standards; systems engineering; building codes;

NBS-GCR-78-123.

Computer modeling of building energy consumption; energy

conservation; geographical variation of building consumption;

residential energy consumption; building energy conservation;

climatic effects on building energy consumption; BSSl 16. Computer simulation; DEPAB; energy conservation; heating

systems; part-load performance; seasonal efficiency; boiler; 18059.

Computer simulation; DEPAF; energy conservation; furnaces; operating cost; seasonal performance; building heating

system; 18088.

Computer simulation; energy conservation; heating and cooling

load calculation; planned heating and cooling; thermal comfort indices; 18300.

Computer-aided design; fire computer program; fire research;

fire safety; human performance; model documentation;

modeling technique; programming; simulation; architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; NBSIR 78- 1514.

Concrete fire resistance; CSTB; fire; fire codes; France; translations; calculating concrete fire resistance; codes; TN710-10.

Concrete (reinforced); design (criteria); loads; probability

theory; reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering;

buildings (codes); BSSl 10. Condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; BSSl 05. Conservation; integrated utilities; performance guidelines; re- sidential utilities; total energy; utilities; NBSIR 78-1395.

Construction; court decisions; disasters; economics; legal ap- proach; regulatory process; violations; building official; build- ing regulations; code enforcement; SP518, pp. 381-390 (Aug.

1978).

Construction; enforcement; inspection; legislation; manufactured building; rules and regulations; standards; building

regulation; NBSIR 78-1503.

61
Construction; existing buildings; rehabilitation; renovation;

building codes; building research; code enforcement; NBSGCR-78-I39.

Construction cost estimation; discounted payback period;

economic analysis; economic evaluation; energy conservation; life-cycle costing; present value analysis; building;

NBSIR 78-1568.

Construction costs; earthquake resistant code; expected seismic

force; object postulate; reliability theory; social utility; ac- ceptable level of human risk; SP523, pp. V-102—V-116

(Sept. 1978).

Construction industry metrication; metrication benefits; ra- tionalization; technical issues in metrication; 17567.

Construction stages; suspension bridge; aerodynamic stability;

SP523, pp. ll-l—11-19 (Sept. 1978).

Consumer products; environmental factors; home safety; occupant behavior; survey technique; accidents; architectural psychology; BSS108.

Contamination; corrosion; heat exchanger; heat transfer fluids; potable water; solar energy; standards; toxicity; NBSIR 78-

1542.

Control measures; fire codes; fire safety; governmental actions;

life safety; regulation; risk assessment; societal goals; building

codes; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Convenient numbers; metrication; number systems; preferred

numbers; rationalization; selection of metric values; series of

numbers; SI; TN990.

Cooling; heating; hot water; performance criteria; solar energy;

standards; buildings; NBSIR 78-1562.

Cooling; heating; performance criteria; solar collectors; solar energy; standards; buildings; 17552.

Copper pipe; corrosion; corrosion measurement; galvanized

steel pipe; metal pipes; potable water; resistance polarization;

TN974.

Comer brace; inplane shear forces; racking stiffness; racking

strength; windloads; SP523, pp. VI-25—VI-34 (Sept. 1978).

Corrosion; corrosion measurement; galvanized steel pipe; metal

pipes; potable water; resistance polarization; copper pipe;

TN974.

Corrosion; heat exchanger; heat transfer fluids; potable water;

solar energy; standards; toxicity; contamination; NBSIR 78- 1542.

Corrosion measurement; galvanized steel pipe; metal pipes;

potable water; resistance polarization; copper pipe; corrosion;

TN974.

Cost; economics; housing; lead-based paint; lead poisoning;

abatement; building materials; 17500.

Cost-benefit; decision making; priorities; regulatory agency;

resources; risk; building codes; SP518, pp. 359-369 (Aug.

1978).

Counties; energy conservation; enforcement; insulation; regulations; standards; State legislation; thermal efficiency;

buUdings; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Court decisions; disasters; economics; legal approach; regulatory process; violations; building official; building regulations;

code enforcement; construction; SP518, pp. 381-390 (Aug.

1978).

Covariance; filter; finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; random variables; synthesis; wave; accelerogram; artificial earthquake; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Cover plates; enclosure; insulation; materials performance;

reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials; solar energy

systems; standards; absorber coatings; absorber plates;

NBSIR 77-1314.

Criteria; energy conservation; energy consumption; environmental design; lighting levels; standards; artificial illumination; buildings; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

CSTB; discomfort, wind; France; translations; wind discomfort;

wind flow around buildings; air flow; TN710-9.

CSTB; fire; fire codes; France; translations; calculating concrete fire resistance; codes; concrete fire resistance; TN710-10. CSTB; French compliance techniques; translations; acoustics; codes; TN710-8.

Culverts; design principle; earth structure; earthwork manual;

fill slope; priority; retaining wall; seismic forces; SP523, pp. V^5—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

D

Damages of structure by earthquake; disaster mitigation; probability theory; ratio of razed houses; wooden houses; SP523,

pp. VII-1—VII-15 (Sept. 1978).

Dams; dynamic analysis; earthquakes; SP523, pp. V-1 —V-13

(Sept. 1978).

Data collection; demonstration program; dissemination; infor- mation needs; residential construction; solar energy; space

heating; technology; building regulations; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

Data collection; energy budget; energy conservation; heat loss; thermal performance; ASHRAE standards; building envelope;

building regulations; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug. 1978).

Data collection; fire hazards; fire protection; National Fire Data

Center; regulation; reporting system; scenarios; system

design; building codes; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Data requirements; noninstrumented data; solar buildings; Solar

energy; solar heating and cooling; solar hot water; NBSIR

77-1247.

Daylighting; energy conservation; fenestration design; solar heat

gain; window management; BSS109.

Daylighting; energy conservation; glass; thermal performance;

windows; SP512.

Daylighting; energy conservation; life-cycle costs; residential; solar heat gain; window; window management; NBSIR 77- 1388.

Deceptive sounds; establish legal limits; tolerance level dif- ferences; awakening to problems; SP518, pp. 285-295 (Aug.

1978).

Decision criteria; demolition; housing needs; physical condition

rehabilitation; SP518, pp. 251-257 (Aug. 1978).

Decision making; priorities; regulatory agency; resources; risk; building codes; cost-benefit; SP518, pp. 359-369 (Aug.

1978).

Decision making; public policy; regulation; building codes;

18254.

Decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; innovations;

research findings; scientific methods; socio-political system;

technical expertise; building design; building regulatory

system; SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Decision table; decision theory; network, specifications; stan- dards; systems engineering; building codes; computer model:

NBS-GCR-78-123.

Decision theory; network, specifications; standards; systems engineering; building codes; computer model; decision table; NBS-GCR-78-123.

Deconvolution procedure; earthquake records; ground conditions; ground transfer functions; shear wave; analytical

method; base-rock; bridge foundations; SP523, pp. IV- 158—IV-179 (Sept. 1978).

Deep borehole; earthquake, in-situ velocity measurement; S- wave; vertical distribution of seismic wave; SP523, pp. III- 44—III-54 (Sept. 1978).

Deflections; dynamic response; gust factors; structural engineering; wind loads; building codes; buildings; 17365.

Degradation; herbicide; historic structures; masonry; acidic; al- kaline; NBSIR 78-1449.

Degradation; methodology; predictive service life tests; service

life; accelerated aging tests; building components and materials; 17592.

62
Degradation; photodegradation; poly(methyl methacrylate);

UV; NBSIR 78-1463.

Demolition; housing needs; physical condition rehabilitation; decision criteria; SP518, pp. 251-257 (Aug. 1978).

Demonstration program; dissemination; information needs; re- sidential construction; solar energy; space heating; technology; building regulations; data collection; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

DEPAB; energy conservation; heating systems; part-load per- formance; seasonal efficiency; boiler; computer simulation;

18059.

DEPAF; energy conservation; furnaces; operating cost; seasonal

performance; building heating system; computer simulation;

18088.

Design; earthquake magnitude; epicentral distance; statistical analysis; strong-motion acceleration records; SP523, pp. IV- 48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Design; horizontal acceleration; seismic coefficients; stability;

strong-motion accelerogram; structures; vertical acceleration;

SP523, pp. IV-1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Design; hospitals; light; architecture; buildings; color; SP516.

Design; performance concept; building; center for building

technology; NBS-GCR-77-107.

Design; test methods; walls and windows; buildings; 17947.

Design considerations; dimensional relationships; environmental

design; safety; stairs; user needs; architectural design; NBSIR

78-1554.

Design criteria; developing countries; technology transfer; windloads; buildings; SP523, pp. Vin-42—Vin-46 (Sept. 1978).

Design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes;

ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds; accelero- graph; codes; SP523.

Design decisions; minimum cost; seismic risk; SP523, pp. III- 20—III-29 (Sept. 1978).

Design earthquake; deterministic intensity function; historical data; maximum values; random characteristics; seismic zoning; spectral shapes; theoretical analysis; SP523, pp. IV- 78—IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Design method; proposed earthquake resistant design method;

seismic hazard zoning map; coefficients in aseismic design;

SP523, pp. V-80—V-101 (Sept. 1978).

Design principle; earth structure; earthwork manual; fill slope;

priority; retaining wall; seismic forces; culverts; SP523, pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Design requirements; design standards; extreme winds; hurricanes; property damage; SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept.

1978).

Design standards; extreme winds; hurricanes; property damage;

design requirements; SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept. 1978).

Design (criteria); loads; probability theory; reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering; buildings (codes); concrete

(reinforced); BSSllO.

Detection of active faults; earthquake prediction; research on

active fault; SP523, pp. III-55— III-62 (Sept. 1978).

Deterministic intensity function; historical data; maximum

values; random characteristics; seismic zoning; spectral

shapes; theoretical analysis; design earthquake; SP523, pp. IV-78—lV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Developing countries; technology transfer; windloads; buildings;

design criteria; SP523, pp. VIII-42—VIII-46 (Sept. 1978).

Development of submarine equipment; earthquake prediction;

ocean-bottom seismograph; cables; SP523, pp. III-30—III-43 (Sept. 1978).

Dielectric breakdown voltages; dielectric withstand voltage

tests; residential wiring; surge voltages; NBSIR 78-1537.

Dielectric withstand voltage tests; residential wiring; surge volt- ages; dielectric breakdown voltages; NBSIR 78-1537.

Diesel engines; exhaust emissions; MIUS; total energy systems;

NBS-GCR-77-104.

Digitization; high frequencies; low frequencies; accelerograms;

SP523, pp. IV-20—IV-27 (Sept. 1978).

Dimensional coordination in building; international standards

for building; metrication; preferred dimensions and sizes; SP504.

Dimensional relationships; environmental design; safety; stairs; user needs; architectural design; design considerations;

NBSIR 78-1554.

Disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds; accelerograph; codes; design

criteria; SP523.

Disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; standards; building; building codes; building design; SP510.

Disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; implementation;

standards; assessment; building codes; building design;

NBSIR 78-1549.

Disaster mitigation; probability theory; ratio of razed houses;

wooden houses; damages of structure by earthquake; SP523,

pp. VII- 1—VII- 15 (Sept. 1978).

Disasters; economics; legal approach; regulatory process; violations; building official; building regulations; code enforce- ment; construction; court decisions; SP518, pp. 381-390

(Aug. 1978).

Discomfort, wind; France; translations; wind discomfort; wind

flow around buildings; air flow; CSTB; TN710-9.

Discounted payback period; economic analysis; economic

evaluation; energy conservation; life-cycle costing; present

value analysis; building; construction cost estimation; NBSIR

78-1568.

Displacement meter; dynamic behavior of tunnel; power spec- trum; strain meter; submerged tunnel; accelerometer; axial force; bar stress transducer; bending moment; SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Dissemination; information needs; residential construction;

solar energy; space heating; technology; building regulations;

data collection; demonstration program; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

Distribution models; pressures; sea surface; stationary typhoon;

SP523, pp. I-l—1-9 (Sept. 1978).

Ductility; earthquake response; empirical formula; hysteretic

structures; inelastic response sp>ectra; SP523, pp. VI-1 —VI14 (Sept. 1978).

Duplex receptacles; electrical connections; power loss; temperatures; thermocouples; wire; branch circuits; NBSIR 77- 1380.

Durability; rubber seals; solar energy systems; standards; test methods; 18102.

Durability/reliability; fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors; structural performance; testing procedures; thermal per- formance; NBSIR 78-1305A.

Dynamic analysis; earthquakes; dams; SP523, pp. V-1 —V-13

(Sept. 1978).

Dynamic behavior of tunnel; power spectrum; strain meter; submerged tunnel; accelerometer; axial force; bar stress transducer; bending moment; displacement meter; SP523, pp. V-69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Dynamic conduction heat transfer; heat transfer; thermal

response factor; verification; NBSIR 77-1405.

Dynamic heat transfer; energy analysis; heating and cooling

loads; heat loss and heat gain; multi-room problems; air leakage; 18070.

Dynamic loads; dynamic response; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind pressure; wind tunnel tests; aerodynamics;

17941.

Dynamic programming; economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markov decision process; policy improvement algorithm; 17814.

Dynamic response; gust factors; structural engineering; wind

loads; building codes; buildings; deflections; 17365.

63
Dynamic response; gust loads; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind forces; wind pressure; buildings (codes);

17767.

Dynamic response; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind

pressure; wind tunnel tests; aerodynamics; dynamic loads; 17941.

Dynamic triaxial tests; liquefaction; model tests; pile foundations; sand; shake table; standard penetration test; bridge

foundations; SP523, pp. IV-1 15—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Dynamic water pressure; shaking table; underground pipes; vibration experiments; SP523, pp. V-53—V-68 (Sept. 1978).

E

Earth structure; earthwork manual; fill slope; priority; retaining

wall; seismic forces; culverts; design principle; SP523, pp. V45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake; hospitals; standards; aseismic design; building ser- vice systems; codes; TN970.

Earthquake; retrofit decision; bridges; SP523, pp. VIII- 1—VIII- 21 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake danger; Gumbel's theory of extremes, literature review; regional seismic coefficient map; statistical analysis;

SP523, pp. V-14—V-44 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity;

solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses;

wind loads; winds; accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; SP523.

Earthquake, in-situ velocity measurement; S-wave; vertical dis- tribution of seismic wave; deep borehole; SP523, pp. III- 44—III-54 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake insurance; earthquake losses; intensity-loss relationships; loss simulation; SP523, pp. VII-16—VII-28 (Sept.

1978).

Earthquake losses; intensity-loss relationships; loss simulation;

earthquake insurance; SP523, pp. VII-16—VII-28 (Sept.

1978).

Earthquake magnitude; epicentral distance; statistical analysis;

strong-motion acceleration records; design; SP523, pp. IV- 48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake prediction; Japan National Program; present state; SP523, pp. III-l—III-19 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake prediction; ocean-bottom seismograph; cables; development of submarine equipment; SP523, pp. III-30—III- 43 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake prediction; research on active fault; detection of

active faults; SP523, pp. III-55— III-62 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake records; ground conditions; ground transfer functions; shear wave; analytical method; base-rock; bridge foundations; deconvolution procedure; SP523, pp. IV-158—IV- 179 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake resistant code; expected seismic force; object

postulate; reliability theory; social utility; acceptable level of

human risk; construction costs; SP523, pp. V-102—V-116

(Sept. 1978).

Earthquake resistant design; flexural-shear model; high-rise

buildings; histogram for building uses; shear model; building

height limitation; building volume limitation; SP523, pp. VI- 15—VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Earthquake response; empirical formula; hysteretic structures;

inelastic response spectra; ductility; SP523, pp. VI- 1—VI- 14

(Sept. 1978).

Earthquakes; dams; dynamic analysis; SP523, pp. V-1 —V-13

(Sept. 1978).

Earthquakes; engineering; implementation; standards; assess- ment; building codes; building design; disaster mitigation;

NBSIR 78-1549.

Earthquakes; engineering; standards; ouilding; building codes;

building design; disaster mitigation; SP510.

Earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards;

structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds; accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; SP523.

Earthquakes; structural engineering; building codes; 17505.

Earthwork manual; fill slope; priority; retaining wall; seismic

forces; culverts; design principle; earth structure; SP523, pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Economic analysis; economic evaluation; energy conservation;

life-cycle costing; present value analysis; building; construction cost estimation; discounted payback period; NBSIR 78- 1568.

Economic analysis; economics of safety; electric shock; ground

fault circuit interrupters; benefit-cost analysis; benefit-risk

analysis; building codes and standards; building regulations;

building safety; NBSIR 78-1528.

Economic analysis; energy conservation; engineering

economics; investment analysis; life-cycle cost analysis; build- ing economics; BSS113.

Economic analysis; energy conservation; engineering

economics; housing; insulation; life-cycle cost analysis; build- ing economics; 17574.

Economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markov decision process; policy improvement al- gorithm; dynamic programming; 17814.

Economic efficiency; economics; energy; energy conservation;

life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building

economics; BSS114.

Economic evaluation; energy conservation; exterior walls; life- cycle costing; windows; buildings costs; 17942.

Economic evaluation; energy conservation; life-cycle costing;

present value analysis; building; construction cost estimation;

discounted payback period; economic analysis; NBSIR 78- 1568.

Economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative

practices; regulatory research; standards development; administrative procedures; building codes; building regulations;

buildings; SP518.

Economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building economics;

economic efficiency; BSS114.

Economics; formulation; innovation; market aggregation; per- formance requirements; prescriptive standards; standards

development; SP518, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Economics; housing; lead-based paint; lead poisoning; abate- ment; building materials; cost; 17500.

Economics; legal approach; regulatory process; violations; building official; building regulations; code enforcement; construction; court decisions; disasters; SP518, pp. 381-390

(Aug. 1978).

Economics of metric conversion; harmonization; management

of change; metrication; metric familiarization; rationalization;

SI; standardization; transitional period; SP530.

Economics of safety; electric shock; ground fault circuit inter- rupters; benefit-cost analysis; benefit-risk analysis; building

codes and standards; building regulations; building safety;

economic analysis; NBSIR 78-1528.

Education and training; energy conservation; enforcement;

legislation; promulgation; regulation; standards; built environ- ment; SP518, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Education level; energy conservation; evaluations; upgrading,

certification; building code official; buildings; SP518, pp. 9- 15 (Aug. 1978).

Effective "U" values; energy conservation; implementation;

professional competence; training program; building code;

code officials; SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

64
Elastomeric; materials; membranes; performance factors; review; roofing; application guidelines; TN972.

Electric shock; ground fault circuit interrupters; benefit-cost

analysis; benefit-risk analysis; building codes and standards;

building regulations; building safety; economic analysis;

economics of safety; NBSIR 78-1528.

Electrical connections; power loss; temperatures; thermocouples; wire; branch circuits; duplex receptacles; NBSIR 77- 1380.

Electrical fires; heat generation in receptacles; insulated

buildings; overheating conductors; residential branch circuit wiring; thermal insulation and electrical wiring; branch cir- cuit wiring; NBSIR 78-1477.

Electrical usage; government contractor's report; information

sources; nonindustrial, abstracts; annotated compilation;

NBS-GCR-78-130.

Empirical formula; hysteretic structures; inelastic response

spectra; ductility; earthquake response; SP523, pp. VI-1—VI- 14 (Sept. 1978).

Enclosure; insulation; materials performance; reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials; solar energy systems; stan- dards; absorber coatings; absorber plates; cover plates;

NBSIR 77-1314.

Energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; per- formance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building economics; economic effi- ciency; economics; BSS1I4.

Energy; load-calculation; residential; weather; climate data; computer; NBSIR 78-1525.

Energy analysis; heating and cooling loads; heat loss and heat

gain; multi-room problems; air leakage; dynamic heat

transfer; 18070.

Energy budget; energy conservation; heat loss; thermal per- formance; ASHRAE standards; building envelope; building

regulations; data collection; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug.

1978).

Energy conservation; energy consumption; environmental

design; lighting levels; standards; artificial illumination;

buildings; criteria; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heatloss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings;

BSS105.

Energy conservation; enforcement; insulation; regulations; stan- dards; State legislation; thermal efficiency; buildings; counties; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; enforcement; legislation; promulgation;

regulation; standards; built environment; education and training; SPS18, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; engineering economics; investment analysis; life-cycle cost analysis; building economics; economic

analysis; BSSI13.

Energy conservation; engineering economics; housing; insulation; life-cycle cost analysis; building economics; economic

analysis; 17574.

Energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markov decision

process; policy improvement algorithm; dynamic pro- gramming; economic analysis; 17814.

Energy conservation; evaluations; upgrading, certification; building code official; buildings; education level; SP518, pp. 9-15 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; exterior walls; life-cycle costing; windows;

buildings costs; economic evaluation; 17942.

Energy conservation; fenestration; passive solar; windows;

building envelope; 18020.

Energy conservation; fenestration design; solar heat gain; window management; daylighting; BSS109.

Energy conservation; furnaces; operating cost; seasonal per- formance; building heating system; computer simulation;

DEPAF; 18088.

Energy conservation; gas chromatograph; sulphur hexafluoride;

tracer gas; air infiltration; automated instrumentation; 17544.

Energy conservation; geographical variation of building con- sumption; residential energy consumption; building energy

conservation; climatic effects on building energy consumption; computer modeling of building energy consumption;

BSS1I6.

Energy conservation; glare; human factors; psychology; thermal

discomfort; window management; windows; 17859.

Energy conservation; glass; thermal performance; windows;

daylighting; SP512.

Energy conservation; glass area; heat transfer; insulation stan- dards; U-values; ASHRAE Standard; climatic conditions;

SP518, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; heat loss; thermal performance; ASHRAE

standards; building envelope; building regulations; data col- lection; energy budget; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; heating and cooling load calculation; planned heating and cooling; thermal comfort indices; computer simulation; 18300.

Energy conservation; heating systems; part-load performance;

seasonal efficiency; boiler; computer simulation; DEPAB;

18059.

Energy conservation; illumination levels; lighting; lighting

design; task lighting; NBSIR 77-1306.

Energy conservation; implementation; professional competence;

training program; building code; code officials; effective "U"

values; SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; insulation; replacement windows;

retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization; weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; clock

thermostats; TN982.

Energy conservation; legislation; standards development; survey

flndings; training; building regulations; enforcement; SP518,

pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; life-cycle building costs; performance

standards; benefit-cost analysis; building economics; building standards; NBSIR 78-1471.

Energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance

standards; resource impact factors; resources; social op- timum; standards; building economics; economic efficiency;

economics; energy; BSSl 14. Energy conservation; life -cycle costing; present value analysis;

building; construction cost estimation; discounted payback

period; economic analysis; economic evaluation; NBSIR 78- 1568.

Energy conservation; life-cycle costs; residential; solar heat

gain; window; window management; daylighting; NBSIR 77- 1388.

Energy conservation; mobile home; part-load efficiency; ther- mography; air infiltration; BSS102.

Energy conservation; office buildings; orientation; photographic

method; season; Venetian blinds; view; windows; window

usage; BSSl 12. Energy conservation; performance specifications; testing; verifi- cation; balancing; building code official; code requirements;

SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; performance standards; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building standards; SP518, pp. 191-204

(Aug. 1978).

Energy conservation; thermal comfort; thermal performance of

buildings; building performance simulation; building regulations; computer applications; SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug.

1978).

65
Energy conservation heating; engine-driven heat pump; heat engine; heat pump; residential heating; Stirling engine; Stirling

engine heat pump; air-to-air heat pump; 18098.

Energy conservation in dwellings; ERDA; heat recovery; hot water distribution systems; integrated appliances; utility

systems; appliance combinations; / 7540.

Energy conservation, industrial; furnaces, energy conservation;

heat balance; industrial energy conservation; kilns, energy

conservation; ovens, energy conservation; H124.

Energy conservation potential; set point controls; temperature

controls; comfort conditions in buildings; compared comfort

control strategies; 18292.

Energy consumption; environmental design; lighting levels; standards; artificial illumination; buildings; criteria; energy

conservation; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Energy management; evaluation and monitoring; survey of

buildings; Air Force facilities; building energy conservation;

NBSIR 77-1238.

Energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insula- tion properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; ther- mal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air infil- tration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation;

BSS105.

Energy sources; fuel selection; institutional factors; social value; 18069.

Energy use; household freezers; household refrigerators;

refrigerator; appliance labeling; 18064.

Enforcement; energy conservation; legislation; standards

development; survey findings; training; building regulations;

SP518, pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Enforcement; inspection; legislation; manufactured building;

rules and regulations; standards; building regulation; construction; NBSIR 78-1503.

Enforcement; insulation; regulations; standards; State legislation; thermal efficiency; buildings; counties; energy conservation; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Enforcement; legislation; promulgation; regulation; standards;

built environment; education and training; energy conservation; SP518, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Engine-driven heat pump; heat engine; heat pump; residential heating; Stirling engine; Stirling engine heat pump; air-to-air heat pump; energy conservation heating; 18098.

Engineering; implementation; standards; assessment; building

codes; building design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes;

NBSIR 78-1549.

Engineering; standards; building; building codes; building

design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; SP510.

Engineering economics; housing; insulation; life-cycle cost analysis; building economics; economic analysis; energy conservation; 17574.

Engineering economics; investment analysis; life-cycle cost

analysis; building economics; economic analysis; energy conservation; BSS113.

Environmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory

research; standards development; administrative procedures;

building codes; building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; SP518.

Environmental design; lighting levels; standards; artificial illu- mination; buildings; criteria; energy conservation; energy consumption; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Environmental design; safety; stairs; user needs; architectural

design; design considerations; dimensional relationships;

NBSIR 78-1554.

Environmental factors; home safety; occupant behavior; survey

technique; accidents; architectural psychology; consumer

products; BSS108.

Environmental noise; noise; noise control; sound; transportation

system noise; acoustics; architectural acoustics; building

acoustics; BSS84.

Environmental psychology; fire escape; fire safety; human

research; research design; architectural psychology; NBSIR

78-1508.

Epicentral distance; statistical analysis; strong-motion acceleration records; design; earthquake magnitude; SP523, pp. IV- 48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Equipment maintenance; Markov decision process; policy improvement algorithm; dynamic programming; economic analysis; energy conservation; 17814.

ERDA; heat recovery; hot water distribution systems; in- tegrated appliances; utility systems; appliance combinations; energy conservation in dwellings; 17540.

Establish legal limits; tolerance level differences; awakening to problems; deceptive sounds; SP518, pp. 285-295 (Aug.

1978).

Evaluation; laboratories; qualification; solar; testing; collector; NBSIR 78-1535.

Evaluation; lead; paint; poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy;

calibration; NBSIR 78-1466.

Evaluation and monitoring; survey of buildings; Air Force

facilities; building energy conservation; energy management;

NBSIR 77-1238.

Evaluation method of seismic safety; nonstructural elements;

reinforced concrete buildings; seismic safety index; structural elements; SP523, pp. VIII-22—VIII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Evaluation of test procedure; solar heating components; stan- dard test procedure; thermal storage tests; water tank ther- mal storage; ASHRAE Standards; NBSIR 78-1548.

Evaluations; upgrading, certification; building code official; buildings; education level; energy conservation; SP518, pp. 9-15 (Aug. 1978).

Exhaust emissions; MIUS; total energy systems; diesel engines;

NBS-GCR-77-104.

Existing buildings; rehabilitation; renovation; building codes;

building research; code enforcement; construction; NBSGCR-78-139.

Expected seismic force; object postulate; reliability theory; social utility; acceptable level of human risk; construction

costs; earthquake resistant code; SP523, pp. V-102—V-116

(Sept. 1978).

Exterior walls; life-cycle costing; windows; buildings costs; economic evaluation; energy conservation; 17942.

Extreme winds; hurricanes; property damage; design require- ments; design standards; SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept. 1978).

F

Federal Specification CCC-W-408A; fungus resistance; stain re- sistance; surface roughness; vinyl wallcoverings; wallcovering

materials; washability; abrasion; TN984.

Fenestration; passive solar; windows; building envelope; energy

conservation; 18020.

Fenestration design; solar heat gain; window management;

daylighting; energy conservation; BSS109.

Field demonstration; high traffic areas; laboratory findings;

maintenance engineers; service conditions; solvent-thinned

polyurethane system; vinyl title; water-thinned polyurethane

system; NBSIR 77-1399.

Fill slope; priority; retaining wall; seismic forces; culverts; design principle; earth structure; earthwork manual; SP523,

pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Filter; finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; random variables; synthesis; wave; accelerogram; artificial earthquake;

covariance; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; random variables;

synthesis; wave; accelerogram; artificial earthquake; covari- ance; filter; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Fire; fire codes; France; translations; calculating concrete fire resistance; codes; concrete fire resistance; CSTB; TN710-10.

66
Fire codes; fire safety; governmental actions; life safety; regulation; risk assessment; societal goals; building codes; control measures; SP5J8, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Fire codes; France; translations; calculating concrete fire re- sistance; codes; concrete fire resistance; CSTB; fire; TN710-

10. Fire computer program; fire research; fire safety; human per- formance; model documentation; modeling technique; pro- gramming; simulation; architectural psychology; architectursil research; building fires; computer-aided design; NBSIR 78- 1514.

Fire escape; fire safety; human research; research design;

architectural psychology; environmental psychology; NBSIR

78-1508.

Fire hazards; fire protection; National Fire Data Center; regulation; reporting system; scenarios; system design; building

codes; data collection; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Fire loads; load surveys; buildings; 17506.

Fire performance (plumbing piping); plumbing performance

evaluation (piping); structural performance (thermoplastic

plumbing piping); thermoplastic pipe usage (residential

plumbing); acoustical performance (plumbing piping);

BSSIII.

Fire protection; National Fire Data Center; regulation; reporting system; scenarios; system design; building codes; data collection; fire hazards; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Fire research; fire safety; human performance; model documentation; modeling technique; programming; simulation;

architectural psychology; architectural research; building

fires; computer-aided design; fire computer program; NBSIR

78-1514.

Fire safety; governmental actions; life safety; regulation; risk as- sessment; societal goals; building codes; control measures;

fire codes; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Fire safety; health; physical hazards; safety; solar heating and

cooling; structural performance; toxicity; NBSIR 78-1532.

Fire safety; human performance; model documentation; modeling technique; programming; simulation; architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computeraided design; fire computer program; fire research; NBSIR

78-1514.

Fire safety; human research; research design; architectural psychology; environmental psychology; fire escape; NBSIR

78-1508.

Fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors; structural per- formance; testing procedures; thermal performance; durability/reliability; NBSIR 78-1 305A.

Flat-plate collectors; measurement; modeling; solar; standards;

testing; NBS-GCR-77-109.

Flat-plate collectors; roundrobin test; solar collector; thermal

performance testing; 17823.

Flexural-shear model; high-rise buildings; histogram for building

uses; shear model; building height limitation; building volume

limitation; earthquake resistant design; SPS23, pp. VI- 15—VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Formulation; innovation; market aggregation; performance

requirements; prescriptive standards; standards development;

economics; SP5/«, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Fossil fuel heating systems; furnaces; part load performance;

rating procedures; seasonal efficiency; annual operating cost;

boilers; NBSIR 78-1543.

France; translations; calculating concrete fire resistance; codes; concrete fire resistance; CSTB; fire; fire codes; TN710-10.

France; translations; wind discomfort; wind flow around

buildings; air flow; CSTB; discomfort, wind; TN710-9.

French compliance techniques; translations; acoustics; codes;

CSTB; TN710-8.

Friction; performance standards; safety engineering; slip re- sistance; test methods; coefficient of friction; 18293.

Fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; re- sidential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity;

thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; BSS105.

Fuel selection; institutional factors; social value; energy

sources; 18069.

Fungus resistance; stain resistance; surface roughness; vinyl

wallcoverings; wallcovering materials; washability; abrasion;

Federal Specification CCC-W-408A; TN984.

Furnaces; operating cost; seasonal performance; building heating system; computer simulation; DEPAF; energy conservation; 18088.

Furnaces; part load performance; rating procedures; seasonal

efficiency; annual operating cost; boilers; fossil fuel heating

systems; NBSIR 78-1543.

Furnaces, energy conservation; heat balance; industrial energy

conservation; kilns, energy conservation; ovens, energy conservation; energy conservation, industrial; H124.

G

Galvanized steel pipe; metal pipes; potable water; resistance

polarization; copper pipe; corrosion; corrosion measurement;

TN974.

Gas chromatograph; sulphur hexafiuoride; tracer gas; air infil- tration; automated instrumentation; energy conservation;

17544.

G£ts-liquid chromatography; jjotable water; pyrolysis; sewage

treatment plant effluent; water reuse; bacterial identification; 18203.

Geographical variation of building consumption; residential energy consumption; building energy conservation; climatic

effects on building energy consumption; computer modeling

of building energy consumption; energy conservation;

BSS116.

Glare; human factors; psychology; thermal discomfort; window

management; windows; energy conservation; 17859.

Glass; thermal performance; windows; daylighting; energy conservation; SP512.

Glass area; heat transfer; insulation standards; U-values; ASHRAE Standard; climatic conditions; energy conservation;

SP518, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

Government contractor's report; information sources; nonindustrial; abstracts; annotated compilation; electrical usage; NBSGCR-78-130.

Governmental actions; life safety; regulation; risk assessment;

societal goals; building codes; control measures; fife codes;

fire safety; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Graffiti; graffiti-resistant coating; performance characteristics; 17472.

Graffiti-resistant coating; performance characteristics; graffiti; 17472.

Ground conditions; ground transfer functions; shear wave;

analytical method; base-rock; bridge foundations; deconvolution procedure; earthquake records; SP523, pp. IV-158 —IV- 179 (Sept. 1978).

Ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds; accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; SP523.

Ground fault circuit interrupters; benefit-cost analysis; benefitrisk analysis; building codes and standards; building regulations; building safety; economic analysis; economics of safety; electric shock; NBSIR 78-1528.

Ground transfer functions; shear wave; analytical method; baserock; bridge foundations; deconvolution procedure;

earthquake records; ground conditions; SP523, pp. IV- 158—IV-179 (Sept. 1978).

Gumbel's theory of extremes, literature review; regional seismic

coefficient map; statistical analysis; earthquake danger;

SP523, pp. V-14—V-44 (Sept. 1978).

67
Gust factors; structural engineering; wind loads; building codes;

buildings; deflections; dynamic response; 17365.

Gust loads; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind forces; wind pressure; buildings (codes); dynamic response; 17767.

H

Harmonic wave; Love waves; model structure; Rayleigh waves;

soil-structure interaction; vibrator; SP523, pp. IV-96—IV-1 14

(Sept. 1978).

Harmonization; management of change; metrication; metric

familiarization; rationalization; SI; standardization; transi- tional period; economics of metric conversion; SP530.

Hazards-related phenomena; innovations; research fmdings;

scientific methods; socio-political system; technical expertise;

building design; building regulatory system; decision

processes; SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Health; physical hazards; safety; solar heating and cooling;

structural performance; toxicity; fire safety; NBSIR 78-1532.

Health and safety; historic buildings; historic preservation; impacts; performance-based standards; research; architecture; building regulatory system; codes; SP524.

Heat balance; industrial energy conservation; kilns, energy conservation; ovens, energy conservation; energy conservation,

industrial; furnaces, energy conservation; H124.

Heat engine; heat pump; residential heating; Stirling engine;

Stirling engine heat pump; air-to-air heat pump; energy conservation heating; engine-driven heat pump; 18098.

Heat exchanger; heat transfer fluids; potable water; solar energy; standards; toxicity; contamination; corrosion; NBSIR 78- 1542. Heat generation in receptacles; insulated buildings; overheating

conductors; residential branch circuit wiring; thermal insula- tion and electrical wiring; branch circuit wiring; electrical

fires; NBSIR 78-1477. Heat loss; thermal performance; ASHRAE standards; building

envelope; building regulations; data collection; energy

budget; energy conservation; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug.

1978). Heat loss and heat gain; multi-room problems; air leakage;

dynamic heat transfer; energy analysis; heating and cooling

loads; 18070.

Heat pump; residential heating; Stirling engine; Stirling engine

heat pump; air-to-air heat pump; energy conservation heating; engine-driven heat pump; heat engine; 18098. Heat pumps; rating procedure; seasonal cost of operation; test method; central air conditioners; NBSIR 77-1271.

Heat recovery; hot water distribution systems; integrated appliances; utility systems; appliance combinations; energy conservation in dwellings; ERDA; 17540.

Heat transfer; insulation standards; U-values; ASHRAE Standard; climatic conditions; energy conservation; glass area; SP518, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

Heat transfer; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards;

testing; 18286.

Heat transfer; thermal response factor; verification; dynamic

conduction heat transfer; NBSIR 77-1405.

Heat transfer fluids; potable water; solar energy; standards; toxicity; contamination; corrosion; heat exchanger; NBSIR 78- 1542.

Heating; hot water; performance criteria; solar energy; stan- dards; buildings; cooling; NBSIR 78-1562.

Heating; performance criteria; solar collectors; solar energy;

standards; buildings; coohng; 17552.

Heating and cooling load calculation; planned heating and cooling; thermal comfort indices; computer simulation; energy

conservation; 18300.

68

Heating and cooling loads; heat loss and heat gain; multi-room

problems; air leakage; dynamic heat transfer; energy analysis;

18070.

Heating efficiency; oil-fired furnaces; overfiring of oil-burners; 17581.

Heating systems; part-load performance; seasonal efficiency;

boiler; computer simulation; DEPAB; energy conservation;

18059.

Heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings;

energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings;

BSS105.

Herbicide; historic structures; masonry; acidic; alkaline; degradation; NBSIR 78-1449.

High frequencies; low frequencies; accelerograms; digitization;

SP523, pp. IV-20—IV-27 (Sept. 1978).

High traffic areas; laboratory findings; maintenance engineers;

service conditions; solvent-thinned polyurethane system; vinyl

title; water-thinned polyurethane system; field demonstration;

NBSIR 77-1399.

High-rise buildings; histogram for building uses; shear model;

building height limitation; building volume limitation; earthquake resistant design; fiexural-shear model; SP523, pp. VI-15—VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Histogram for building uses; shear model; building height

limitation; building volume limitation; earthquake resistant design; fiexural-shear model; high-rise buildings; SP523, pp. VI-15—VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Historic buildings; historic preservation; impacts; performancebased standards; research; architecture; building regulatory

system; codes; health and safety; SP524.

Historic preservation; impacts; performance-based standards; research; architecture; building regulatory system; codes;

health and safety; historic buildings; SP524.

Historic structures; masonry; acidic; alkaline; degradation; herbicide; NBSIR 78-1449.

Historical data; maximum values; random characteristics; seismic zoning; spectral shapes; theoretical analysis; design

earthquake; deterministic intensity function; SP523, pp. IV- 78—IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Home safety; occupant behavior; survey technique; accidents;

architectural psychology; consumer products; environmental

factors; BSS108.

Horizontal acceleration; seismic coefficients; stability; strongmotion accelerogram; structures; vertical acceleration;

design; SP523, pp. IV-1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Hospitals; light; architecture; buildings; color; design; SP516.

Hospitals; standards; aseismic design; building service systems;

codes; earthquake; TN970.

Hot thermoplastic coatings; lead chromate; organic yellow pig- ments; yellow traffic paint; alkyd traffic paint; chlorinated

rubber traffic paint; 18115.

Hot water; performance criteria; solar energy; standards;

buildings; cooling; heating; NBSIR 78-1562.

Hot water distribution systems; integrated appliances; utility systems; appliance combinations; energy conservation in dwellings; ERDA; heat recovery; 17540.

Hot-water; measurement; residential; solar; testing; absorption;

air-cooling; computer; 18287.

Household freezers; household refrigerators; refrigerator; appliance labeling; energy use; 18064.

Household refrigerators; refrigerator; appliance labeling; energy

use; household freezers; 18064.

Housing; insulation; life-cycle cost analysis; building economics;

economic analysis; energy conservation; engineering

economics; 17574.

Housing; international cooperation; technology transfer; build- ing practices; building research; codes and standards; NBSIR

77-1411.

Housing; lead-based paint; lead poisoning; abatement; building

materials; cost; economics; / 7500.
Housing needs; physical condition rehabilitation; decision

criteria; demolition; SP518, pp. 251-257 (Aug. 1978).

Human factors; psychology; thermal discomfort; window

management; windows; energy conservation; glare; 1 7859.

Human performance; model documentation; modeling

technique; programming; simulation; architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computer-aided

design; fire computer program; fire research; fire safety;

NBSIR 78-1514.

Human research; research design; architectural psychology; en- vironmental psychology; fire escape; fire safety; NBSIR 78- 1508.

Hurricanes; property damage; design requirements; design stan- dards; extreme winds; SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept. 1978).

Hysteretic structures; inelastic response spectra; ductility;

earthquake response; empirical formula; SP523, pp. VI- 1_VI-14 (Sept. 1978).

I

Illumination; illumination levels; lighting; task lighting; vision; 18230.

Illumination levels; lighting; lighting design; task lighting; ener- gy conservation; NBSIR 77-1306.

Illumination levels; lighting; task lighting; vision; illumination; 18230.

Impact resistance; industrial cladding; moisture resistance; salt spray resistance; abrasion resistance; coatings; color and gloss

change; 17943.

Impacts; performance-based standards; research; architecture; building regulatory system; codes; health and safety; historic buildings; historic preservation; SP524.

Implementation; professional competence; training program;

building code; code officials; effective "U" values; energy

conservation; SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Implementation; standards; assessment; building codes; building

design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; NBSIR

78-1549.

Incentives; innovations; log homes; minimum property stan- dards; model code agencies; regulations; building codes; code

changes; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Index; organization; outline; standards; systems engineering;

building codes; classification; SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug.

1978).

Industrial cladding; moisture resistance; salt spray resistance; abrasion resistance; coatings; color and gloss change; impact

resistance; 17943.

Industrial energy conservation; kilns, energy conservation; ovens, energy conservation; energy conservation, industrial; furnaces, energy conservation; heat balance; H124.

Industrialized building construction; inspection; personnel

qualifications; quality control manual; regulations; third party

agencies; training; certification; compliance assurance pro- grams; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Inelastic response spectra; ductility; earthquake response; empirical formula; hysteretic structures; SP523, pp. VI-1—VI-14

(Sept. 1978).

Information needs; residential construction; solar energy; space

heating; technology; building regulations; data collection; demonstration program; dissemination; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug.

1978).

Information sources; nonindustrial; abstracts; annotated compilation; electrical usage; government contractor's report;

NBS-GCR-78-130.

Innovation; international standards; metrication; performance

standards; research; technological trends; building regulations; SP518, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Innovation; market aggregation; performance requirements;

prescriptive standards; standards development; economics;

formulation; SP518, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Innovations; log homes; minimum property standards; model

code agencies; regulations; building codes; code changes; in- centives; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Innovations; research findings; scientific methods; socio-politi- cal system; technical expertise; building design; building regulatory system; decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Innovative practices; regulatory research; standards develop- ment; administrative procedures; building codes; building

regulations; buildings; economic impacts; environmental considerations; SP518.

Inplane shear forces; racking stiffness; racking strength; windloads; comer brace; SP523, pp. VI-25—VI-34 (Sept. 1978).

Inspection; legislation; manufactured building; rules and regulations; standards; building regulation; construction; enforce- ment; NBSIR 78-1503.

Inspection; personnel qualifications; quality control manual;

regulations; third party agencies; training; certification; compliance assurance programs; industrialized building construction; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Institutional factors; social value; energy sources; fuel selection; 18069.

Insulated buildings; overheating conductors; residential branch

circuit wiring; thermal insulation and electrical wiring;

branch circuit wiring; electrical fires; heat generation in receptacles; NBSIR 78-1477.

Insulation; life-cycle cost analysis; building economics;

economic analysis; energy conservation; engineering

economics; housing; 17574.

Insulation; materials performance; reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials; solar energy systems; standards; ab- sorber coatings; absorber plates; cover plates; enclosure; NBSIR 77-1314.

Insulation; regulations; standards; State legislation; thermal effi- ciency; buildings; counties; energy conservation; enforce- ment; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Insulation; replacement windows; retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization;

weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; clock thermostats; energy conservation; TN982.

Insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air

infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation;

energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction;

BSS105.

Insulation standards; U-values; ASHRAE Standard; climatic conditions; energy conservation; glass area; heat transfer; SP518, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

Integrated appliances; utility systems; appliance combinations; energy conservation in dwellings; ERDA; heat recovery; hot water distribution systems; / 7540.

Integrated utilities; performance guidelines; residential utilities; total energy; utilities; conservation; NBSIR 78-1395.

Integrated utility systems; solid waste management; thermal

systems; total energy; wastewater treatment; co-generation;

NBSIR 78-1563.

Intensity-loss relationships; loss simulation; earthquake in- surance; earthquake losses; SP523, pp. VII-16—VII-28 (Sept.

1978).

International building performance standards; internationally

harmonized building regulations; metrication impact on construction; TN976.

International cooperation; technology transfer; building practices; building research; codes and standards; housing; NBSIR

77-1411.

International Project Catalog; project catalog; project summary

forms; reporting system; catalog; CCMS-MIUS Project

Catalog; SP515.

International standards; metrication; performance standards;

research; technological trends; building regulations; innovation; SP518, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

69
International standards for building; metrication; preferred

dimensions and sizes; dimensional coordination in building;

SP504.

Internationally harmonized building regulations; metrication impact on construction; international building performance

standards; TN976.

Investment analysis; life-cycle cost analysis; building economics;

economic analysis; energy conservation; engineering

economics; BSS113.

Isolation; noise; noise criteria; rating scheme; sound transmission; building acoustics; building codes; SP499.

J

Japan National Program; present state; earthquake prediction;

SP523, pp. III-l—III-19 (Sept. 1978).

K

Key words; publications; abstracts; Center for Building

Technology; SP457-2.

Kilns, energy conservation; ovens, energy conservation; energy

conservation, industrial; furnaces, energy conservation; heat

balance; industrial energy conservation; H124.

L

Laboratories; qualification; solar; testing; collector; evaluation;

NBSIR 78-1535.

Laboratory findings; maintenance engineers; service conditions;

solvent-thinned polyurethane system; vinyl title; waterthinned polyurethane system; field demonstration; high traffic areas; NBSIR 77-1399.

Lead; paint; poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation; NBSIR 78-1466.

Lead chromate; organic yellow pigments; yellow traffic paint;

alkyd traffic paint; chlorinated rubber traffic paint; hot ther- moplastic coatings; 18115.

Lead poisoning; abatement; building materials; cost; economics;

housing; lead-based paint; 1 7500.

Lead-based paint; lead poisoning; abatement; building materials; cost; economics; housing; / 7500.

Legal approach; regulatory process; violations; building official; building regulations; code enforcement; construction; court

decisions; disasters; economics; SP518, pp. 381-390 (Aug.

1978).

Legislation; manufactured building; rules and regulations; stan- dards; building regulation; construction; enforcement; inspection; NBSIR 78-1503.

Legislation; model codes; promulgation; regulatory process; standards development; building codes, due process; SP518,

pp. 67-76 (Aug. 1978).

Legislation; promulgation; regulation; standards; built environ- ment; education and training; energy conservation; enforce- ment; SP5I8, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Legislation; standards development; survey findings; training;

building regulations; enforcement; energy conservation;

SP518, pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Life safety; regulation; risk assessment; societal goals; building

codes; control measures; fire codes; fire safety; governmental

actions; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Life-cycle building costs; performance standards; benefit-cost

analysis; building economics; building standards; energy conservation; NBSIR 78-1471.

Life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building

economics; economic efficiency; economics; energy; energy

conservation; BSS114.

Life-cycle cost analysis; building economics; economic analysis;

energy conservation; engineering economics; investment analysis; BSS113.

Life-cycle cost analysis; building economics; economic analysis;

energy conservation; engineering economics; housing; insulation; 17574.

Life-cycle costing; present value analysis; building; construction

cost estimation; discounted payback period; economic analysis; economic evaluation; energy conservation; NBSIR 78- 1568.

Life-cycle costing; windows; buildings costs; economic evaluation; energy conservation; exterior walls; 17942.

Life-cycle costs; residential; solar heat gain; window; window

management; daylighting; energy conservation; NBSIR 77- 1388.

Light; architecture; buildings; color; design; hospitals; SP516.

Lighting; lighting design; task lighting; energy conservation; illu- mination levels; NBSIR 77-1306.

Lighting; task lighting; vision; illumination; illumination levels; 18230.

Lighting design; task lighting; energy conservation; illumination

levels; lighting; NBSIR 77-1306.

Lighting levels; standards; artificial illumination; buildings;

criteria; energy conservation; energy consumption; environmental design; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Liquefaction; model tests; pile foundations; sand; shake table; standard penetration test; bridge foundations; dynamic triaxial tests; SP523, pp. IV-1 15—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Load surveys; buildings; fire loads; 17506.

Load-calculation; residential; weather; climate data; computer;

energy; NBSIR 78-1525.

Loads; probability theory; reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering; buildings (codes); concrete (reinforced);

design (criteria); BSSl 10. Log homes; minimum property standards; model code agencies;

regulations; building codes; code changes; incentives; innovations; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978). Loss simulation; earthquake insurance; earthquake losses; in- tensity-loss relationships; SP523, pp. VII-16—VII-28 (Sept.

1978).

Love waves; model structure; Rayleigh waves; soil-structure in- teraction; vibrator; harmonic wave; SP523, pp. IV-96—IV- 114 (Sept. 1978).

Low frequencies; accelerograms; digitization; high frequencies;

SP523, pp. lV-20—IV-27 (Sept. 1978).

Low income housing; sulfur hexafluoride tracer; air infiltration;

air leakage; NBSIR 78-1475.

M

Maintenance engineers; service conditions; solvent-thinned

polyurethane system; vinyl title; water-thinned polyurethane

system; field demonstration; high traffic areas; laboratory

findings; NBSIR 77-1399.

Man and environment relations; people and buildings; post-construction evaluation; architectural analysis; architectural evaluation; architectural process; architectural research; building evaluation; building research; NBSIR 77-1402.

Management of change; metrication; metric familiarization; ra- tionalization; SI; standardization; transitional period;

economics of metric conversion; harmonization; SP530.

70
Manufactured building; rules and regulations; standards; build- ing regulation; construction; enforcement; inspection; legisla- tion; NBSIR 78-1503.

Market aggregation; performance requirements; prescriptive standards; standards development; economics; formulation;

innovation; SP5I8, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Markov decision process; policy improvement algorithm;

dynamic programming; economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment mjuntenance; 17814.

Masonry; acidic; alkaline; degradation; herbicide; historic structures; NBSIR 78-1449.

Materials; membranes; performance factors; review; roofing;

application guidelines; elastomeric; TN972.

Materials performance; reflective surfaces; seals; selection of

materials; solar energy systems; standards; absorber coatings;

absorber plates; cover plates; enclosure; insulation; NBSIR

77-1314.

Maximum values; random characteristics; seismic zoning; spectral shapes; theoretical analysis; design earthquake; deterministic intensity function; historical data; SP523, pp. IV- 78—IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Measurement; modeling; solar; standards; testing; TN975.

Measurement; modeling; solar; standards; testing; flat-plate collectors; NBS-GCR-77-109.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; heat

transfer; 18286.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18294.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18296.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18297.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18298.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18299.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18301

.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18302.

Measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; 18304.

Measurement; residential; solar; testing; absorption; air-cooling;

computer; hot-water; 18287.

Membranes; performance factors; review; roofing; application

guidelines; elastomeric; materials; TN972.

Metal pipes; potable water; resistance polarization; copper pipe;

corrosion; corrosion measurement; galvanized steel pipe;

TN974.

Methodology; predictive service life tests; service life; ac- celerated aging tests; building components and materials; degradation; 17592.

Metric familiarization; rationalization; SI; standardization;

transitional period; economics of metric conversion; har- monization; management of change; metrication; SP530.

Metrication; metric familiarization; rationalization; SI; stan- dardization; transitional period; economics of metric conversion; harmonization; management of change; SP530.

Metrication; number systems; preferred numbers; rationalization; selection of metric values; series of numbers; SI; convenient numbers; TN990.

Metrication; performance standards; research; technological

trends; building regulations; innovation; international stan- dards; SP518, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Metrication; preferred dimensions and sizes; dimensional coordination in building; international standards for building;

SP504.

Metrication benefits; rationalization; technical issues in metrication; construction industry metrication; 17567.

Metrication impact on construction; international building per- formance standards; internationally harmonized building

regulations; TN976.

Microfabric analysis; mineralogical analysis; particle size dis- tribution; pH; plastic and liquid limits; soluble salts; adobe

building materials; adobe soil; color determination; TN977.

Mineralogical analysis; particle size distribution; pH; plastic and

liquid limits; soluble salts; adobe building materials; adobe

soil; color determination; microfabric analysis; TN977.

Minimum cost; seismic risk; design decisions; SP523, pp. III- 20—III-29 (Sept. 1978).

Minimum property standards; model code agencies; regulations;

building codes; code changes; incentives; innovations; log

homes; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

MIUS; total energy systems; diesel engines; exhaust emissions;

NBS-GCR-77-104.

Mobile home; part-load efficiency; thermography; air infiltra- tion; energy conservation; BSS102.

Mobile homes; National Conference of States on Building

Codes and Standards; NCSBCS; proceedings; 8th Annual

Conference; ASHRAE 90-P; building codes; NBSIR 77-1413.

Model building codes; standards; building codes; building regulations; building regulatory systems; NBSIR 78-1490.

Model code agencies; regulations; building codes; code

changes; incentives; innovations; log homes; minimum property standards; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Model codes; promulgation; regulatory process; standards

development; building codes, due process; legislation; SP518,

pp. 67-76 (Aug. 1978).

Model documentation; modeling technique; programming;

simulation; architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computer-aided design; fire computer program;

fire research; fire safety; human performance; NBSIR 78- 1514.

Model structure; Rayleigh waves; soil-structure interaction; vibrator; harmonic wave; Love waves; SP523, pp. IV-96—IV- 114 (Sept. 1978).

Model tests; pile foundations; sand; shake table; standard

penetration test; bridge foundations; dynamic triaxial tests; liquefaction; SP523, pp. IV- 1 15—IV- 1 57 (Sept. 1978).

Modeling; solar; standards; testing; flat-plate collectors; measurement; NBS-GCR-77-109.

Modeling; solar; standards; testing; measurement; TN975.

Modeling technique; programming; simulation; architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computeraided design; fire computer program; fire research; fire safety; human performance; model documentation; NBSIR

78-1514.

Moisture; moisture dissipation; nondestructive detection of

moisture; performance criteria; roofing moisture; bituminous

roof membranes; built-up roofs; TN965.

Moisture dissipation; nondestructive detection of moisture; per- formance criteria; roofing moisture; bituminous roof membranes; built-up roofs; moisture; TN965.

Moisture resistance; salt spray resistance; abrasion resistance; coatings; color and gloss change; impact resistance; industrial cladding; 17943.

Multi-room problems; air leakage; dynamic heat transfer; ener- gy analysis; heating and cooling loads; heat loss and heat

gain; 18070.

N

National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards; NCSBCS; proceedings; 8th Annual Conference;

ASHRAE 90-P; building codes; mobile homes; NBSIR 77- 1413.

National Fire Data Center; regulation; reporting system;

scenarios; system design; building codes; data collection; fire hazards; fire protection; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

NCSBCS; proceedings; 8th Annual Conference; ASHRAE 90-

P; building codes; mobile homes; National Conference of

States on Building Codes and Standards; NBSIR 77-1413.

Network, specifications; standards; systems engineering; build- ing codes; computer model; decision table; decision theory;

NBS-GCR-78-123.

Noise; noise control; sound; transportation system noise; acoustics; architectural acoustics; building acoustics; environmental noise; BSS84.

71
Noise; noise criteria; rating scheme; sound transmission; build- ing acoustics; building codes; isolation; SP499.

Noise control; sound; transportation system noise; acoustics; architectural acoustics; building acoustics; environmental

noise; noise; BSS84.

Noise criteria; rating scheme; sound transmission; building

acoustics; building codes; isolation; noise; SP499.

Nondestructive detection of moisture; performance criteria; roofing moisture; bituminous roof membranes; built-up roofs; moisture; moisture dissipation; TN965.

Nonindustrial; abstracts; annotated compilation; electrical usage; government contractor's report; information sources; NBS-GCR-78-130.

Noninstrumented data; solar buildings; Solar energy; solar heating and cooling; solar hot water; data requirements; NBSIR

77-1247.

Nonstructural elements; reinforced concrete buildings; seismic

safety index; structural elements; evaluation method of

seismic safety; SP523, pp. VIII-22—VIII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Number systems; preferred numbers; rationalization; selection of metric values; series of numbers; SI; convenient numbers;

metrication; TN990.

o

Object postulate; reliability theory; social utility; acceptable

level of human risk; construction costs; earthquake resistant code; expected seismic force; SP523, pp. V-102—V-116

(Sept. 1978).

Occupant behavior; survey technique; accidents; architectural psychology; consumer products; environmental factors; home

safety; BSS108.

Ocean-bottom seismograph; cables; development of submarine

equipment; earthquake prediction; SP523, pp. 111-30—III-43 (Sept. 1978).

Office buildings; orientation; photographic method; season;

Venetian blinds; view; windows; window usage; energy conservation; BSS112.

Oil-fired furnaces: overfiring of oil-burners; heating efficiency;

17581.

Operating cost; seasonal performance; building heating system;

computer simulation; DEPAF; energy conservation; furnaces; 18088.

Operational manual; rating standard; solar collectors; certifica- tion program; NBS-GCR-78-125.

Optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building economics;

economic efficiency; economics; energy; energy conservation;

life-cycle cost; BSS114.

Organic yellow pigments; yellow traffic paint; alkyd traffic paint; chlorinated rubber traffic paint; hot thermoplastic

coatings; lead chromate; 18115.

Organization; outline; standards; systems engineering; building

codes; classification; index; SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug. 1978).

Orientation; photographic method; season; Venetian blinds; view; windows; window usage; energy conservation; office buildings; BSS112.

Outline; standards; systems engineering; building codes; classifi- cation; index; organization; SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug. 1978).

Ovens, energy conservation; energy conservation, industrial; furnaces, energy conservation; heat balance; industrial energy

conservation; kilns, energy conservation; H124.

Overfiring of oil-burners; heating efficiency; oil-fired furnaces; 17581.

Overheating conductors; residential branch circuit wiring; ther- mal insulation and electrical wiring; branch circuit wiring;

electrical fires; heat generation in receptacles; insulated

buildings; NBSIR 78-1477.

P

Paint; poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation;

lead; NBSIR 78-1466.

Part load performance; rating procedures; seasonal efficiency;

annual operating cost; boilers; fossil fuel heating systems; fur- naces; NBSIR 78-1543.

Particle size distribution; pH; plastic and liquid limits; soluble

salts; adobe building materials; adobe soil; color determination; microfabric analysis; mineralogical analysis; TN977.

Particle size distribution; soluble salt analysis; weathering; x-ray

analysis; adobe; clay; NBSIR 78-1495.

Part-load efficiency; thermography; air infiltration; energy conservation; mobile home; BSS102.

Part-load performance; seasonal efficiency; boiler; computer

simulation; DEPAB; energy conservation; heating systems;

18059.

Passive solar; windows; building envelope; energy conservation;

fenestration; 18020.

Passive solar systems; performance standards; system classifica- tion; 18234.

People and buildings; post-construction evaluation; architectural analysis; architectural evaluation; architectural process;

architectural research; building evaluation; building research; man and environment relations; NBSIR 77-1402.

Performance; plumbing systems; reduced-size venting; TN966.

Performance characteristics; graffiti; graffiti-resistant coating;

17472.

Performance concept; building; center for building technology;

design; NBS-GCR-77-1 07. Performance criteria; roofing moisture; bituminous roof membranes; built-up roofs; moisture; moisture dissipation; nondestructive detection of moisture; TN965.

Performance criteria; solar collectors; solar energy; standards;

buildings; cooling; heating; 17552.

Performance criteria; solar energy; standards; buildings; cooling; heating; hot water; NBSIR 78-1562.

Performance criteria; stone decay; stone preservatives; ac- celerated laboratory testing; 17852.

Performance criteria; stone preservatives; accelerated stone decay; 17944.

Performance factors; review; roofing; application guidelines;

elastomeric; materials; membranes; TN972.

Performance guidelines; residential utilities; total energy; utilities; conservation; integrated utilities; NBSIR 78-1395.

Performance requirements; prescriptive standards; standards

development; economics; formulation; innovation; market aggregation; SP518, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Performance specifications; testing; verification; balancing;

building code official; code requirements; energy conservation; SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Performance standards; alternatives; ASHRAE 90-75; building

standards; energy conservation; SP518, pp. 191-204 (Aug.

1978).

Performance standards; benefit-cost analysis; building

economics; building standards; energy conservation; life-cycle

building costs; NBSIR 78-1471.

Performance standards; research; technological trends; building

regulations; innovation; international standards; metrication;

SP518, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building economics; economic effi- ciency; economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; BSS114.

Performance standards; safety engineering; slip resistance; test methods; coefficient of friction; friction; 18293.

Performance standards; system classification; passive solar systems; 18234.

Performance testing; plumbing system design; reduced-size

vents; trap-seal retention; venting; 18084.

11
Performance-based standards; research; architecture; building

regulatory system; codes; health and safety; historic buildings;

historic preservation; impacts; SP524.

Personnel qualifications; quality control manual; regulations;

third party agencies; training; certification; compliance as- surance programs; industrialized building construction; in- spection; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

PH; plastic and liquid limits; soluble salts; adobe building

materials; adobe soil; color determination; microfabric analysis; mineralogical analysis; particle size distribution; TN977.

Photodegradation; poly( methyl methacrylate); UV; degradation; NBSIR 78-1463.

Photographic method; season; Venetian blinds; view; windows;

window usage; energy conservation; office buildings; orientation; BSSJ12.

Physical condition rehabilitation; decision criteria; demolition;

housing needs; SP518, pp. 251-257 (Aug. 1978).

Physical hazards; safety; solar heating and cooling; structural performance; toxicity; fire safety; health; NBSIR 78-1532.

Pile foundations; sand; shake table; standard penetration test; bridge foundations; dynamic triaxial tests; liquefaction; model

tests; SP523, pp. IV-1 15—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Plane angle; SI units; torque unit; trigonometric functions;

18132.

Planned heating and cooling; thermal comfort indices; computer simulation; energy conservation; heating and cooling

load calculation; 18300.

Plastic and liquid limits; soluble salts; adobe building materials; adobe soil; color determination; microfabric analysis;

mineralogical analysis; particle size distribution; pH; TN977.

Plumbing performance evaluation (piping); structural per- formance (thermoplastic plumbing piping); thermoplastic

pipe usage (residential plumbing); acoustical performance

(plumbing piping); fire performance (plumbing piping);

BSSUl.

Plumbing system design; reduced-size vents; trap-seal retention;

venting; performance testing; 18084.

Plumbing systems; reduced-size venting; performance; TN966.

Poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation; lead;

paint; NBSIR 78-1466.

Policy improvement algorithm; dynamic programming;

economic analysis; energy conservation; equipment maintenance; Markov decision process; 17814.

Poly(methyl methacrylate); UV; degradation; photodegradation; NBSIR 78-1463.

Portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray

fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation; lead; paint;

poisoning; NBSIR 78-1466.

Post-construction evaluation; architectural analysis; architectural evaluation; architectural process; architectural research; building evaluation; building research; man and environment

relations; people and buildings; NBSIR 77-1402.

Potable water; pyrolysis; sewage treatment plant effluent; water

reuse; bacterial identification; gas-liquid chromatography;

18203.

Potable water; resistance polarization; copper pipe; corrosion;

corrosion measurement; galvanized steel pipe; metal pipes;

TN974.

Potable water; solar energy; standards; toxicity; contamination;

corrosion; heat exchanger; heat transfer fluids; NBSIR 78- 1542.

Power loss; temperatures; thermocouples; wire; branch circuits; duplex receptacles; electrical connections; NBSIR 77-1380.

Power spectrum; strain meter; submerged tunnel; accelerometer; axial force; bar stress transducer; bending moment; dis- placement meter; dynamic behavior of tunnel; SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Precision; radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation; lead; paint; poisoning;

portable; NBSIR 78-1466.

Prediction error; random variables; synthesis; wave; accelero- gram; artificial earthquake; covariance; filter; finite Fourier

expansion; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Predictive service life tests; service life; accelerated aging tests; building components and materials; degradation; methodology; 17592.

Preferred dimensions and sizes; dimensional coordination in building; international standards for building; metrication;

SP504.

Preferred numbers; rationalization; selection of metric values;

series of numbers; SI; convenient numbers; metrication;

number systems; TN990.

Prescriptive standards; standards development; economics; for- mulation; innovation; market aggregation; performance

requirements; SP518, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978). Present state; earthquake prediction; Japan National Program;

SP523, pp. III-l—III-19 (Sept. 1978). Present value analysis; building; construction cost estimation;

discounted payback period; economic analysis; economic

evaluation; energy conservation; life-cycle costing; NBSIR

78-1568.

Pressures; sea surface; stationary typhoon; distribution models;

SP523, pp. I-l—1-9 (Sept. 1978).

Priorities; regulatory agency; resources; risk; building codes;

cost-benefit; decision making; SP518, pp. 359-369 (Aug.

1978).

Priority; retaining wall; seismic forces; culverts; design principle; earth structure; earthwork manual; fill slope; SP523, pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Probability theory; ratio of razed houses; wooden houses; damages of structure by earthquake; disaster mitigation;

SP523, pp. VlI-1—VII-15 (Sept. 1978).

Probability theory; reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering; buildings (codes); concrete (reinforced); design

(criteria); loads; BSSUO.

Proceedings; 8th Annual Conference; ASHRAE 90-P; building

codes; mobile homes; National Conference of States on

Building Codes and Standards; NCSBCS; NBSIR 77-1413.

Professional competence; training program; building code; code

officials; effective "U" values; energy conservation; implementation; SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Programming; simulation; architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computer-aided design; fire computer program; fire research; fire safety; human per- formance; model documentation; modeling technique; NBSIR

78-1514.

Project catalog; project summary forms; reporting system;

catalog; CCMS-MIUS Project Catalog; International Project

Catalog; SP515.

Project summary forms; reporting system; catalog; CCMSMIUS Project Catalog; International Project Catalog; project

catalog; SP515.

Promulgation; regulation; standards; built environment; education and training; energy conservation; enforcement; legisla- tion; SP518, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Promulgation; regulatory process; standards development;

building codes, due process; legislation; model codes; SP518,

pp. 67-76 (Aug. 1978).

Property damage; design requirements; design standards; ex- treme winds; hurricanes; SP523, pp. I-IO—1-15 (Sept. 1978).

Proposed earthquake resistant design method; seismic hazard

zoning map; coefficients in aseismic design; design method;

SP523, pp. V-80—V-101 (Sept. 1978).

Psychology; thermal discomfort; window management; windows; energy conservation; glare; human factors; 17859.

Public policy; regulation; building codes; decision making;

18254.

73
Publications; abstracts; Center for Building Technology; key

words; SP457-2.

Pyrolysis; sewage treatment plant effluent; water reuse; bacterial identification; gas-liquid chromatography; potable water; 18203.

Q

Qualification; solar; testing; collector; evaluation; laboratories; NBSIR 78-1535.

Quality control manual; regulations; third party agencies; training; certification; compliance assurance programs; industrial- ized building construction; inspection; personnel qualifications; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

R

Racking stiffness; racking strength; windloads; comer brace; in- plane shear forces; SP523, pp. VI-25—VI-34 (Sept. 1978).

Racking strength; windloads; comer brace; inplane shear

forces; racking stiffness; SP523, pp. VI-25—VI-34 (Sept.

1978).

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; heat transfer; measurement; 18286.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18294.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18296.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18297.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18298.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18299.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18301.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18302.

Radiation; rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement;

18304.

Radiation; references; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy;

calibration; evaluation; lead; paint; poisoning; portable; precision; NBSIR 78-1466.

Random characteristics; seismic zoning; spectral shapes;

theoretical analysis; design earthquake; deterministic intensity

function; historical data; maximum values; SP523, pp. IV- 78—IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Random variables; synthesis; wave; accelerogram; artificial earthquake; covariance; filter; finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Rating; solar; standards; testing; heat transfer; measurement;

radiation; 18286.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18294.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18296.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18297.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18298.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18299.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18301.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18302.

Rating; solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; 18304.

Rating criteria; solar collectors; structural performance; testing

procedures; thermal performance; durability/reliability; fire safety; NBSIR 78-1305A.

Rating procedure; seasonal cost of o[>eration; test method; central air conditioners; heat pumps; NBSIR 77-1271.

Rating procedures; seasonal efficiency; annual operating cost;

boilers; fossil fuel heating systems; furnaces; part load per- formance; NBSIR 78-1543.

Rating scheme; sound transmission; building acoustics; building

codes; isolation; noise; noise criteria; SP499.

Rating solar collectors; solar collector; testing solar collectors; 17405.

Rating standard; solar collectors; certification program; operational manual; NBS-GCR-78-125.

Ratio of razed houses; wooden houses; damages of stmcture by

earthquake; disaster mitigation; probability theory; SP523,

pp. VII-1—VII-15 (Sept. 1978).

Rationalization; selection of metric values; series of numbers;

SI; convenient numbers; metrication; number systems;

preferred numbers; TN990.

Rationalization; SI; standardization; transitional period;

economics of metric conversion; harmonization; management

of change; metrication; metric familiarization; SP530.

Rationalization; technical issues in metrication; constmction in- dustry metrication; metrication benefits; 17567.

Rayleigh waves; soil-structure interaction; vibrator; harmonic

wave; Love waves; model stmcture; SP523, pp. IV-96—IV- 114 (Sept. 1978).

Reduced-size venting; performance; plumbing systems; TN966.

Reduced-size vents; trap-seal retention; venting; performance

testing; plumbing system design; 18084.

References; substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation; lead; paint; poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; NBSIR 78-1466.

Reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials; solar energy

systems; standards; absorber coatings; absorber plates; cover

plates; enclosure; insulation; materials performance; NBSIR

77-1314.

Refrigerator; appliance labeling; energy use; household freezers; household refrigerators; 18064.

Regional seismic coefficient map; statistical analysis;

earthquake danger; Gumbel's theory of extremes, literature review; SP523, pp. V-14—V-44 (Sept. 1978).

Regulation; building codes; decision making; public policy;

18254.

Regulation; reporting system; scenarios; system design; building

codes; data collection; fire hazards; fire protection; National

Fire Data Center; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Regulation; risk assessment; societal goals; building codes; control measures; fire codes; fire safety; governmental actions;

life safety; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Regulation; standards; built environment; education and training; energy conservation; enforcement; legislation; promulgation; SP518, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Regulations; building codes; code changes; incentives; innovations; log homes; minimum property standards; model code

agencies; SP518, pp. 49-66 (Aug. 1978).

Regulations; standards; State legislation; thermal efficiency;

buildings; counties; energy conservation; enforcement; insulation; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Regulations; third party agencies; training; certification; compliance assurance programs; industrialized building constmction; inspection; personnel qualifications; quality control manual; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Regulatory agency; resources; risk; building codes; cost-benefit; decision making; priorities; SP518, pp. 359-369 (Aug. 1978).

Regulatory process; standards development; building codes, due

process; legislation; model codes; promulgation; SP518, pp. 67-76 (Aug. 1978).

Regulatory process; violations; building official; building regulations; code enforcement; constmction; court decisions; dis74
asters; economics; legal approach; SP5I8, pp. 381-390 (Aug.

1978).

Regulatory research; standards development; administrative

procedures; building codes; building regulations; buildings;

economic impacts; environmental considerations; innovative

practices; SP518.

Rehabilitation; renovation; building codes; building research; code enforcement; construction; existing buildings; NBSGCR-78-139.

Rehabilitation cost; budgeting process; building design; building

maintenance; economic analysis; energy conservation; life- cycle costing; NBSIR 78-1567.

Reinforced concrete buildings; seismic safety index; structural elements; evaluation method of seismic safety; nonstructural

elements; SP523, pp. VIII-22—VIII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Reliability; statistical analysis; structural engineering; buildings

(codes); concrete (reinforced); design (criteria); loads; probability theory; BSSllO.

Reliability theory; social utility; acceptable level of human risk; construction costs; earthquake resistant code; expected

seismic force; object postulate; SP523, pp. V-102—V-116

(Sept. 1978).

Renovation; building codes; building research; code enforce- ment; construction; existing buildings; rehabilitation; NBSGCR-78-139.

Replacement windows; retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization; weatherstripping; caulks

and sealants; clock thermostats; energy conservation; insulation; TN982.

Reporting system; catalog; CCMS-MIUS Project Catalog; Inter- national Project Catalog; project catalog; project summary

forms; SP515.

Reporting system; scenarios; system design; building codes; data

collection; fire hazards; fire protection; National Fire Data

Center; regulation; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Research; architecture; building regulatory system; codes;

health and safety; historic buildings; historic preservation; impacts; performance-based standards; SP524.

Research; technological trends; building regulations; innovation;

international standards; metrication; performance standards; SPS18, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Research design; architectural psychology; environmental

psychology; fire escape; fire safety; human research; NBSIR

78-1508.

Research findings; scientific methods; socio-political system;

technical expertise; building design; building regulatory

system; decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; in- novations; SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Research on active fault; detection of active faults; earthquake

prediction; SP523, pp. 111-55—111-62 (Sept. 1978).

Residential; solar; testing; absorption; air-cooling; computer;

hot-water; measurement; 18287.

Residential; solar heat gain; window; window management;

daylighting; energy conservation; life-cycle costs; NBSIR 77- 1388.

Residential; weather; climate data; computer; energy; load-calculation; NBSIR 78-1525.

Residential branch circuit wiring; thermal insulation and electri- cal wiring; branch circuit wiring; electrical fires; heat generation in receptacles; insulated buildings; overheating conductors; NBSIR 78-1477.

Residential construction; solar energy; space heating; technology; building regulations; data collection; demonstration pro- gram; dissemination; information needs; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

Residential energy consumption; building energy conservation;

climatic effects on building energy consumption; computer

modeling of building energy consumption; energy conservation; geographical variation of building consumption;

BSS116.

Residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity;

thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements;

fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties;

BSS105.

Residential heating; Stirling engine; Stirling engine heat pump;

air-to-air heat pump; energy conservation heating; enginedriven heat pump; heat engine; heat pump; 18098.

Residential utilities; total energy; utilities; conservation; in- tegrated utilities; performance guidelines; NBSIR 78-1395.

Residential wiring; surge voltages; dielectric breakdown volt- ages; dielectric withstand voltage tests; NBSIR 78-1537.

Resistance polarization; copper pipe; corrosion; corrosion measurement; galvanized steel pipe; metal pipes; potable water; TN974.

Resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; standards; building economics; economic efficiency; economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; per- formance standards; BSS1I4.

Resources; risk; building eodes; cost-benefit; decision making;

priorities; regulatory agency; SP518, pp. 359-369 (Aug.

1978). Resources; social optimum; standards; building economics;

economic efficiency; economics; energy; energy conservation;

life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; BSS114.

Retaining wall; seismic forces; culverts; design principle; earth

structure; earthwork manual; fill slope; priority; SP523, pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Retrofit decision; bridges; earthquake; SP523, pp. Vlll-l —Vlll- 21 (Sept. 1978).

Retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization; weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; clock

thermostats; energy conservation; insulation; replacement

windows; TN982.

Retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat

loss; BSS105.

Review; roofing; application guidelines; elastomeric; materials; membranes; performance factors; TN972.

Risk; building codes; cost-benefit; decision making; priorities;

regulatory agency; resources; SP518, pp. 359-369 (Aug.

1978).

Risk assessment; societal goals; building codes; control measures; fire codes; fire safety; governmental actions; life safety;

regulation; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Roofing; application guidelines; elastomeric; materials; membranes; performance factors; review; TN972.

Roofing; sag; slip; asphalt; bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tar

pitch; 17857.

Roofing moisture; bituminous roof membranes; built-up roofs; moisture; moisture dissipation; nondestructive detection of

moisture; performance criteria; TN965.

Roundrobin test; solar collector; thermal performance testing;

flat-plate collectors; 17823.

Rubber seals; solar collectors; solar energy systems; standards;

test methods; NBSIR 77-1437.

Rubber seals; solar energy systems; standards; test methods; durability; 18102.

Rules and regulations; standards; building regulation; construction; enforcement; inspection; legislation; manufactured

building; NBSIR 78-1503.

75
s

Safety; solar heating and cooling; structural performance; toxicity; fire safety; health; physical hazards; NBSIR 78-1532.

Safety; stairs; user needs; architectural design; design considerations; dimensional relationships; environmental design;

NBSIR 78-1554.

Safety engineering; slip resistance; test methods; coefficient of

friction; friction; performance standards; 18293.

Sag; slip; asphalt; bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tar pitch; roofing; 17857.

Salt spray resistance; abrasion resistance; coatings; color and

gloss change; impact resistance; industrial cladding; moisture

resistance; 17943.

Sand; shake table; standard penetration test; bridge foundations; dynamic triaxial tests; liquefaction; model tests; pile

foundations; SP523, pp. IV-1 15—IV-I57 (Sept. 1978).

Scenarios; system design; building codes; data collection; fire hazards; fire protection; National Fire Data Center; regulation; reporting system; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Scientific methods; socio-political system; technical expertise;

building design; building regulatory system; decision

processes; hazards-related phenomena; innovations; research

findings; SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Sea surface; stationary typhoon; distribution models; pressures; SP523, pp. I-l—1-9 (Sept. 1978).

Seals; selection of materials; solar energy systems; standards; absorber coatings; absorber plates; cover plates; enclosure;

insulation; materials performance; reflective surfaces; NBSIR

77-1314.

Season; Venetian blinds; view; windows; window usage; energy

conservation; office buildings; orientation; photographic

method; BSS112.

Seasonal cost of operation; test method; central air conditioners; heat pumps; rating procedure; NBSIR 77-1271

.

Seasonal efficiency; annual operating cost; boilers; fossil fuel heating systems; furnaces; part load performance; rating

procedures; NBSIR 78-1543.

Seasonal efficiency; boiler; computer simulation; DEPAB; ener- gy conservation; heating systems; part-load performance;

18059.

Seasonal performance; building heating system; computer simulation; DEPAF; energy conservation; furnaces; operating

cost; 18088.

Seismic coefficients; stability; strong-motion accelerogram;

structures; vertical acceleration; design; horizontal acceleration; SP523, pp. IV-1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Seismic forces; culverts; design principle; earth structure; earthwork manual; fill slope; priority; retaining wall; SP523,

pp. V-45—V-52 (Sept. 1978).

Seismic hazard zoning map; coefficients in aseismic design;

design method; proposed earthquake resistant design method;

SP523, pp. V-80—V-101 (Sept. 1978).

Seismic risk; design decisions; minimum cost; SP523, pp. III- 20—III-29 (Sept. 1978).

Seismic safety index; structural elements; evaluation method of

seismic safety; nonstructural elements; reinforced concrete

buildings; SP523, pp. VIII-22—VIII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Seismic zoning; spectral shapes; theoretical analysis; design

earthquake; deterministic intensity function; historical data; maximum values; random characteristics; SP523, pp. IV- 78—IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Seismicity; solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds; accelerograph; codes; design

criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground

failures; SP523.

Selection of materials; solar energy systems; standards; absorber

coatings; absorber plates; cover plates; enclosure; insulation; materials performance; reflective surfaces; seals; NBSIR 77- 1314.

Selection of metric values; series of numbers; SI; convenient

numbers; metrication; number systems; preferred numbers;

rationalization; TN990.

Series of numbers; SI; convenient numbers; metrication;

number systems; preferred numbers; rationalization; selection of metric values; TN990.

Service conditions; solvent-thinned polyurethane system; vinyl

title; water-thinned polyurethane system; field demonstration;

high traffic areas; laboratory findings; maintenance engineers;

NBSIR 77-1399.

Service life; accelerated aging tests; building components and

materials; degradation; methodology; predictive service life tests; 17592.

Set point controls; temperature controls; comfort conditions in buildings; compared comfort control strategies; energy conservation potential; 18292.

Sewage treatment plant effluent; water reuse; bacterial identifi- cation; gas-liquid chromatography; potable water; pyrolysis;

18203.

Shake table; standard penetration test; bridge foundations;

dynamic triaxial tests; liquefaction; model- tests; pile foundations; sand; SP523, pp. IV-1 15—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Shaking table; underground pipes; vibration experiments;

dynamic water pressure; SP523, pp. V-53—V-68 (Sept.

1978).

Shear model; building height limitation; building volume limitation; earthquake resistant design; flexural-shear model; highrise buildings; histogram for building uses; SP523, pp. VI- 15—VI-24 (Sept. 1978).

Shear wave; analytical method; base-rock; bridge foundations;

deconvolution procedure; earthquake records; ground conditions; ground transfer functions; SP523, pp. IV-158—IV-179

(Sept. 1978).

SI; convenient numbers; metrication; number systems; preferred

numbers; rationalization; selection of metric values; series of

numbers; TN990.

SI; standardization; transitional period; economics of metric

conversion; harmonization; management of change; metrication; metric familiarization; rationalization; SP530.

SI units; torque unit; trigonometric functions; plane angle;

18132.

Simulation; architectural psychology; architectural research; building fires; computer-aided design; fire computer program;

fire research; fire safety; human performance; model documentation; modeling technique; programming; NBSIR 78- 1514.

Slip; asphalt; bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tar pitch; roofing;

sag; 17857.

Slip resistance; test methods; coefficient of friction; friction; performance standards; safety engineering; 18293.

Social optimum; standards; building economics; economic effi- ciency; economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact

factors; resources; BSSI 14. Social utility; acceptable level of human risk; construction

costs; earthquake resistant code; expected seismic force; object postulate; reliability theory; SP523, pp. V-102—V-116

(Sept. 1978).

Social value; energy sources; fuel selection; institutional factors; 18069.

Societal goals; building codes; control measures; fire codes; fire safety; governmental actions; life safety; regulation; risk as- sessment; SP518, pp. 165-176 (Aug. 1978).

Socio-political system; technical expertise; building design;

building regulatory system; decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; innovations; research findings; scientific methods; SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Soil-structure interaction; vibrator; harmonic wave; Love

waves; model structure; Rayleigh waves; SP523, pp. IV- 96—IV-1 14 (Sept. 1978).

76
Solar; standards; testing; flat-plate collectors; measurement;

modeling; NBS-GCR-77-109.

Solar; standards; testing; heat transfer; measurement; radiation;

rating; 18286.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; modeling; TN975.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18294.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18296.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18297.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18298.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18299.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18301.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18302.

Solar; standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; 18304.

Solar; testing; absorption; air-cooling; computer; hot-water; measurement; residential; 18287.

Solar; testing; collector; evaluation; laboratories; qualification;

NBSIR 78-1535.

Solar buildings; Solar energy; solar heating and cooling; solar hot water; data requirements; noninstrumented data; NBSIR

77-1247.

Solar collector; testing solar collectors; rating solar collectors; 17405.

Solar collector; thermal performance testing; flat-plate collectors; roundrobin test; 17823.

Solar collectors; certification program; operational manual; rat- ing standard; NBS-GCR-78-125.

Solar collectors; solar energy; standards; buildings; cooling;

heating; performance criteria; 17552.

Solar collectors; solar energy systems; standards; test methods;

rubber seals; NBSIR 77-1437.

Solar collectors; structural performance; testing procedures;

thermal performance; durability/reliability; fire safety; rating

criteria; NBSIR 78-1305A.

Solar energy; solar heating and cooling; solar hot water; data

requirements; noninstrumented data; solar buildings; NBSIR

77-1247.

Solar energy; space heating; technology; building regulations;

data collection; demonstration program; dissemination; infor- mation needs; residential construction; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug.

1978).

Solar energy; standards; buildings; cooling; heating; hot water; performance criteria; NBSIR 78-1562.

Solar energy; standards; buildings; cooling; heating; per- formance criteria; solar collectors; 17552.

Solar energy; standards; buildings; NBSIR 78-1 143A. Solar energy; standards; toxicity; contamination; corrosion; heat

exchanger; heat transfer fluids; potable water; NBSIR 78- 1542.

Solar energy systems; standards; absorber coatings; absorber

plates; cover plates; enclosure; insulation; materials per- formance; reflective surfaces; seals; selection of materials; NBSIR 77-1314.

Solar energy systems; standards; test methods; rubber seals; solar collectors; NBSIR 77-1437.

Solar energy systems; standards; test methods; durability;

rubber seals; 18102.

Solar heat gain; window; window management; daylighting; energy conservation; life-cycle costs; residential; NBSIR 77- 1388.

Solar heat gain; window management; daylighting; energy conservation; fenestration design; BSS109.

Solar heating and cooling; solar hot water; data requirements;

noninstrumented data; solar buildings; Solar energy; NBSIR

77-1247.

Solar heating and cooling; structural performance; toxicity; fire safety; health; physical hazards; safety; NBSIR 78-1532.

Solar heating components; standard test procedure; thermal

storage tests; water tank thermal storage; ASHRAE Standards; evaluation of test procedure; NBSIR 78-1548.

Solar hot water; data requirements; noninstrumented data; solar buildings; Solar energy; solar heating and cooling; NBSIR 77- 1247.

Solar performance criteria; updating; 18107.

Solid waste management; thermal systems; total energy; waste- water treatment; co-generation; integrated utility systems;

NBSIR 78-1563.

Solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses;

wind loads; winds; accslerograph; codes; design criteria; dis- aster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; SP523.

Soluble salt analysis; weathering; x-ray analysis; adobe; clay;

particle size distribution; NBSIR 78-1495.

Soluble salts; adobe building materials; adobe soil; color deter- mination; microfabric analysis; mineralogical analysis; parti- cle size distribution; pH; plastic and liquid limits; TN977.

Solvent-thinned polyurethane system; vinyl title; water-thinned

polyurethane system; field demonstration; high traffic areas; laboratory findings; maintenance engineers; service conditions; NBSIR 77-1399.

Sound; transportation system noise; acoustics; architectural acoustics; building acoustics; environmental noise; noise; noise control; BSS84.

Sound transmission; building acoustics; building codes; isola- tion; noise; noise criteria; rating scheme; SP499.

Space heating; technology; building regulations; data collection; demonstration program; dissemination; information needs; re- sidential construction; solar energy; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug.

1978).

Spectral shapes; theoretical analysis; design earthquake; deterministic intensity function; historical data; maximum values; random characteristics; seismic zoning; SP523, pp. IV- 78—lV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Stability; strong-motion accelerogram; structures; vertical acceleration; design; horizontal acceleration; seismic coeffi- cients; SP523, pp. IV-1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Stain resistance; surface roughness; vinyl wallcoverings; wall- covering materials; washability; abrasion; Federal Specification CCC-W-408A; fungus resistance; TN984.

Stairs; user needs; architectural design; design considerations;

dimensional relationships; environmental design; safety;

NBSIR 78-1554.

Standard penetration test; bridge foundations; dynamic triaxial

tests; liquefaction; model tests; pile foundations; sand; shake

table; SP523, pp. IV-1 15—IV-157 (Sept. 1978).

Standard test procedure; thermal storage tests; water tank ther- mal storage; ASHRAE Standards; evaluation of test procedure; solar heating components; NBSIR 78-1548.

Standardization; transitional period; economics of metric conversion; harmonization; management of change; metrication;

metric familiarization; rationalization; SI; SP530.

Standards; absorber coatings; absorber plates; cover plates; enclosure; insulation; materials performance; reflective surfaces;

seals; selection of materials; solar energy systems; NBSIR 77- 1314.

Standards; artificial illumination; buildings; criteria; energy conservation; energy consumption; environmental design; lighting

levels; SP518, pp. 77-94 (Aug. 1978).

Standards; aseismic design; building service systems; codes;

earthquake; hospitals; TN970.

Standards; assessment; building codes; building design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; implementation; NBSIR

78-1549.

Standards; building; building codes; building design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; SP510.

Standards; building codes; building regulations; building regulatory systems; model building codes; NBSIR 78-1490.

Standards; building economics; economic efficiency;

economics; energy; energy conservation; life-cycle cost; optimization; performance standards; resource impact factors; resources; social optimum; BSS114.

77
Standards; building regulation; construction; enforcement; in- s(}ection; legislation; manufactured building; rules and regulations; NBSIR 78-1503.

Standards; buildings; cooling; heating; hot water; performance

criteria; solar energy; NBSIR 78-1562.

Standards; buildings; cooling; heating; performance criteria; solar collectors; solar energy; 17552.

Standards; buildings; solar energy; NBSIR 78-1 143A. Standards; built environment; education and training; energy

conservation; enforcement; legislation; promulgation; regulation; SP518, pp. 17-24 (Aug. 1978).

Standards; State legislation; thermal efficiency; buildings; counties; energy conservation; enforcement; insulation; regulations; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Standards; structural engineering; structural responses; wind

loads; winds; accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity;

solids; SP523.

Standards; systems engineering; building codes; classification; index; organization; outline; SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug.

1978).

Standards; systems engineering; building codes; computer

model; decision table; decision theory; network, specifications; NBS-GCR-78-123.

Standards; test methods; durability; rubber seals; solar energy

systems; 18102.

Standards; test methods; rubber seals; solar collectors; solar energy systems; NBSIR 77-1437.

Standards; testing; flat-plate collectors; measurement; modeling;

solar; NBS-GCR-77.109.

Standards; testing; heat transfer; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18286.

Standards; testing; measurement; modeling; solar; TN975.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18294.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18296.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18297.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18298.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18299.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18301

.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18302.

Standards; testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; 18304.

Standards; toxicity; contamination; corrosion; heat exchanger;

heat transfer fluids; potable water; solar energy; NBSIR 78- 1542.

Standards development; administrative procedures; building

codes; building regulations; buildings; economic impacts; en- vironmental considerations; innovative practices; regulatory

research; SP518.

Standards development; building codes, due process; legislation;

model codes; promulgation; regulatory process; SP518, pp. 67-76 (Aug. 1978).

Standards development; economics; formulation; innovation;

market aggregation; performance requirements; prescriptive standards; SP518, pp. 161-164 (Aug. 1978).

Standards development; survey findings; training; building regulations; enforcement; energy conservation; legislation; SP518,

pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

State legislation; thermal efficiency; buildings; counties; energy

conservation; enforcement; insulation; regulations; standards; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Stationary typhoon; distribution models; pressures; sea surface; SP523, pp. I-l—1-9 (Sept. 1978).

Statistical analysis; earthquake danger; Gumbel's theory of ex- tremes, literature review; regional seismic coefficient map;

SP523, pp. V-14—V-44 (Sept. 1978).

Statistical analysis; strong-motion acceleration records; design;

earthquake magnitude; epicentral distance; SP523, pp. IV- 48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Statistical analysis; structural engineering; buildings (codes); concrete (reinforced); design (criteria); loads; probability

theory; reliability; BSSllO.

Stirling engine; Stirling engine heat pump; air-to-air heat pump;

energy conservation heating; engine-driven heat pump; heat

engine; heat pump; residential heating; 18098.

Stirling engine heat pump; air-to-air heat pump; energy conservation heating; engine-driven heat pump; heat engine; heat

pump; residential heating; Stirling engine; 18098.

Stone decay; stone preservatives; accelerated laboratory testing;

performance criteria; 17852.

Stone preservatives; accelerated laboratory testing; per- formance criteria; stone decay; / 7852

.

Stone preservatives; accelerated stone decay; performance

criteria; 17944.

Storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization;

weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; clock thermostats; energy conservation; insulation; replacement windows;

retrofitting; TN982.

Storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization;

weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; clock thermostats; energy conservation; insulation; replacement windows;

retrofitting; storm doors; TN982.

Strain meter; submerged tunnel; accelerometer; axial force; bar

stress transducer; bending moment; displacement meter; dynamic behavior of tunnel; power spectrum; SP523, pp. V69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Strong-motion acceleration records; design; earthquake magnitude; epicentral distance; statistical analysis; SP523, pp. IV- 48—IV-77 (Sept. 1978).

Strong-motion accelerogram; structures; vertical acceleration; design; horizontal acceleration; seismic coefficients; stability;

SP523, pp. IV-1—lV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Structural elements; evaluation method of seismic safety; nonstructural elements; reinforced concrete buildings; seismic

safety index; SP523, pp. Vlll-22— VlII-41 (Sept. 1978).

Structural engineering; building codes; earthquakes; 17505.

Structural engineering; buildings (codes); concrete

(reinforced); design (criteria); loads; probability theory; reliability; statistical analysis; BSSllO.

Structural engineering; structural responses; wind loads; winds;

accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake

hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; solids; stan- dards; SP523.

Structural engineering; tall buildings; wind forces; wind pressure; buildings (codes); dynamic response; gust loads; 17767.

Structural engineering; tall buildings; wind pressure; wind tunnel tests; aerodynamics; dynamic loads; dynamic response;

17941.

Structural engineering; wind loads; building codes; buildings; deflections; dynamic response; gust factors; 1 7365.

Structural performance; testing procedures; thermal per- formance; durability/reliability; fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors; NBSIR 78-1305A.

Structural performance; toxicity; fire safety; health; physical hazards; safety; solar heating and cooling; NBSIR 78-1532.

Structural performance (thermoplastic plumbing piping); ther- moplsistic pipe usage (residential plumbing); acoustical per- formance (plumbing piping); fire performance (plumbing

piping); plumbing performance evaluation (piping); BSSll 1. Structural responses; wind loads; winds; accelerograph; codes;

design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes;

ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards; structural engineering; SP523.

Structures; vertical acceleration; design; horizontal acceleration; seismic coefficients; stability; strong-motion accelero- gram; SP523, pp. IV-1—lV-19 (Sept. 1978).

Submerged tunnel; accelerometer; axial force; bar stress trans- ducer; bending moment; displacement meter; dynamic

behavior of tunnel; power spectrum; strain meter; SP523, pp. V-69—V-79 (Sept. 1978).

Substrates; x-ray fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation;

lead; paint; poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; NBSIR 78-1466.

78
Sulfur hexafluoride tracer; air infiltration; air leakage; low in- come housing; NBSIR 78-1475.

Sulfur hexafluoride tracer; air infiltration instrumentation; air infiltration measurement; building ventilation rates; 17407.

Sulphur hexafluoride; tracer gas; air infiltration; automated in- strumentation; energy conservation; gas chromatograph;

17544.

Surface roughness; vinyl wallcoverings; wallcovering materials; washability; abrasion; Federal Specification CCC-W-408A;

fungus resistance; stain resistance; TN984.

Surge voltages; dielectric breakdown voltages; dielectric withstand voltage tests; residential wiring; NBSIR 78-1537.

Survey findings; training; building regulations; enforcement;

energy conservation; legislation; standards development;

SP518, pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Survey of buildings; Air Force facilities; building energy conservation; energy management; evaluation and monitoring;

NBSIR 77-1238.

Survey technique; accidents; architectural psychology; con- sumer products; environmental factors; home safety; occupant behavior; BSS108.

Suspension bridge; aerodynamic stability; construction stages;

SP523, pp. Il-l—11-19 (Sept. 1978). S-wave; vertical distribution of seismic wave; deep borehole;

earthquake, in-situ velocity measurement; SP523, pp. III- 44—III-54 (Sept. 1978).

Synthesis; wave; accelerogram; artificial earthquake; covari- ance; filter; finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; ran- dom variables; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

System classification; passive solar systems; performance stan- dards; 18234.

System design; building codes; data collection; fire hazards; fire protection; National Fire Data Center; regulation; reporting

system; scenarios; SP518, pp. 259-283 (Aug. 1978).

Systems engineering; building codes; classification; index; or- ganization; outline; standards; SP518, pp. 145-160 (Aug.

1978).

Systems engineering; building codes; computer model; decision

table; decision theory; network, specifications; standards; NBS-GCR-78-123.

T

Tall buildings; wind forces; wind pressure; buildings (codes);

dynamic response; gust loads; structural engineering; 17767.

Tall buildings; wind pressure; wind tunnel tests; aerodynamics;

dynamic loads; dynamic response; structural engineering;

17941.

Task lighting; energy conservation; illumination levels; lighting;

lighting design; NBSIR 77-1306.

Task lighting; vision; illumination; illumination levels; lighting;

18230.

Technical expertise; building design; building regulatory system;

decision processes; hazards-related phenomena; innovations; research findings; scientific methods; socio-political system;

SP518, pp. 25-47 (Aug. 1978).

Technical issues in metrication; construction industry metrication; metrication benefits; rationalization; 1756 7. Technological trends; building regulations; innovation; international standards; metrication; performance standards;

research; SP518, pp. 177-190 (Aug. 1978).

Technology; building regulations; data collection; demonstration program; dissemination; information needs; residential construction; solar energy; space heating; SP518, pp. 1-8 (Aug. 1978).

Technology transfer; building practices; building research; codes and standards; housing; international cooperation;

NBSIR 77-1411.

Technology transfer; windloads; buildings; design criteria; developing countries; SP523, pp. VIII-42— Vni-46 (Sept.

1978).

Temperature controls; comfort conditions in buildings; compared comfort control strategies; energy conservation potential; set point controls; 18292.

Temperatures; thermocouples; wire; branch circuits; duplex

receptacles; electrical connections; power loss; NBSIR 77- 1380. Test method; central air conditioners; heat pumps; rating

procedure; seasonal cost of operation; NBSIR 77-1271.

Test methods; coefficient of friction; friction; performance stan- dards; safety engineering; slip resistance; 18293.

Test methods; durability; rubber seals; solar energy systems;

standards; 18102.

Test methods; rubber seals; solar collectors; solar energy

systems; standards; NBSIR 77-1437. Test methods; walls and windows; buildings; design; 17947.

Testing; absorption; air-cooling; computer; hot-water; measurement; residential; solar; 18287.

Testing; collector; evaluation; laboratories; qualification; solar; NBSIR 78-1535.

Testing; flat-plate collectors; measurement; modeling; solar; standards; NBS-GCR-77-109.

Testing; heat transfer; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18286.

Testing; measurement; modeling; solar; standards; TN975.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18294.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18296.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18297.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18298.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18299.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18301.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18302.

Testing; measurement; radiation; rating; solar; standards; 18304.

Testing; verification; balancing; building code official; code

requirements; energy conservation; performance specifications; SP518, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Testing procedures; thermal performance; durability/reliability;

fire safety; rating criteria; solar collectors; structural per- formance; NBSIR 78-1 305A. Testing solar collectors; rating solar collectors; solar collector; 17405.

Theoretical analysis; design earthquake; deterministic intensity function; historical data; maximum values; random characteristics; seismic zoning; spectral shapes; SP523, pp. IV- 78—IV-95 (Sept. 1978).

Thermal comfort; thermal performance of buildings; building

performance simulation; building regulations; computer appli- cations; energy conservation; SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug.

1978).

Thermal comfort indices; computer simulation; energy conservation; heating and cooling load calculation; planned heating

and cooling; 18300.

Thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses;

BSS105.

Thermal discomfort; window management; windows; energy

conservation; glare; human factors; psychology; 17859.

Thermal efficiency; buildings; counties; energy conservation;

enforcement; insulation; regulations; standards; State legisla- tion; SP518, pp. 323-358 (Aug. 1978).

Thermal insulation; thermography; air infiltration; condensation

in buildings; energy conservation; energy measurements; fuel

79
savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; BSS105.

Thermal insulation and electrical wiring; branch circuit wiring;

electrical fires; heat generation in receptacles; insulated

buildings; overheating conductors; residential branch circuit wiring; NBSIR 78-1477.

Thermal performance; ASHRAE standards; building envelope;

building regulations; data collection; energy budget; energy

conservation; heat loss; SP518, pp. 219-250 (Aug. 1978).

Thermal performance; durability/reliability; fire safety; rating

criteria; solar collectors; structural performance; testing

procedures; NBSIR 78- 1 305A. Thermal performance; windows; daylighting; energy conservation; glass; SPS12.

Thermal performance of buildings; building performance simulation; building regulations; computer applications; energy

conservation; thermal comfort; SP518, pp. 95-134 (Aug.

1978).

Thermal performance testing; flat-plate collectors; roundrobin

test; solar collector; 17823.

Thermal response factor; verification; dynamic conduction heat

transfer; heat transfer; NBSIR 77-1405.

Thermal storage tests; water tank thermal storage; ASHRAE

Standards; evaluation of test procedure; solar heating components; standard test procedure; NBSIR 78-1548.

Thermal systems; total energy; wastewater treatment; cogeneration; integrated utility systems; solid waste management; NBSIR 78-1563.

Thermocouples; wire; branch circuits; duplex receptacles; electrical connections; power loss; temperatures; NBSIR 77- 1380.

Thermography; air infiltration; condensation in buildings; ener- gy conservation; energy measurements; fuel savings; heat-loss reduction; insulation properties; residential heat loss; retrofitting houses; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; BSS105.

Thermography; air infiltration; energy conservation; mobile

home; part-load efficiency; BSSI 02. Thermoplastic pipe usage (residential plumbing); acoustical

performance (plumbing piping); fire performance (plumbing

piping); plumbing performance evaluation (piping); structural performance (thermoplastic plumbing piping); BSSl 1 1. Third party agencies; training; certification; compliance as- surance programs; industrialized building construction; in- spection; personnel qualifications; quality control manual;

regulations; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Tolerance level differences; awakening to problems; deceptive

sounds; establish legal limits; SP518, pp. 285-295 (Aug.

1978).

Torque unit; trigonometric functions; plane angle; SI units; 18132.

Total energy; utilities; conservation; integrated utilities; per- formance guidelines; residential utilities; NBSIR 78-1395.

Total energy; wastewater treatment; co-generation; integrated

utility systems; solid waste management; thermal systems;

NBSIR 78-1563.

Total energy systems; diesel engines; exhaust emissions; MIUS;

NBS-GCR-77-104.

Toxicity; contamination; corrosion; heat exchanger; heat

transfer fluids; potable water; solar energy; standards; NBSIR

78-1542.

Toxicity; fire safety; health; physical hazards; safety; solar heating and cooling; structural performance; NBSIR 78-1532. Tracer gas; air infiltration; automated instrumentation; energy

conservation; gas chromatograph; sulphur hexafluoride;

17544.

Training; building regulations; enforcement; energy conservation; legislation; standards development; survey findings;

SP518, pp. 297-312 (Aug. 1978).

Training; certification; compliance assurance programs; industrialized building construction; inspection; personnel qualifi- cations; quality control manual; regulations; third party agencies; SP518, pp. 369-379 (Aug. 1978).

Training program; building code; code officials; effective "U"

values; energy conservation; implementation; professional

competence; SP518, pp. 313-322 (Aug. 1978).

Transitional period; economics of metric conversion; har- monization; management of change; metrication; metric

familiarization; rationalization; SI; standardization; SP530.

Translations; acoustics; codes; CSTB; French compliance

techniques; TN710-8.

Translations; calculating concrete fire resistance; codes; concrete fire resistance; CSTB; fire; fire codes; France; TN710-10.

Translations; wind discomfort; wind flow around buildings; air flow; CSTB; discomfort, wind; France; TN710-9.

Transportation system noise; acoustics; architectural acoustics;

. building acoustics; environmental noise; noise; noise control; sound; BSS84.

Trap-seal retention; venting; performance testing; plumbing

system design; reduced-size vents; 18084.

Trigonometric functions; plane angle; SI units; torque unit; 18132.

U

Underground pipes; vibration experiments; dynamic water pressure; shaking table; SP523, pp. V-53— V-68 (Sept. 1978).

Updating; solar performance criteria; 18107.

Upgrading, certification; building code official; buildings; education level; energy conservation; evaluations; SP518, pp. 9- 15 (Aug. 1978).

User needs; architectural design; design considerations; dimensional relationships; environmental design; safety; stall's; NBSIR 78-1554.

Utilities; conservation; integrated utilities; performance

guidelines; residential utilities; total energy; NBSIR 78-1395.

Utility systems; appliance combinations; energy conservation in dwellings; ERDA; heat recovery; hot water distribution systems; integrated appliances; / 7540. UV; degradation; photodegradation; poly( methyl methacrylate);

NBSIR 78-1463.

U-values; ASHRAE Standard; climatic conditions; energy conservation; glass area; heat transfer; insulation standards; SP518, pp. 205-218 (Aug. 1978).

V

Vapor barriers; weatherization; weatherstripping; caulks and

sealants; clock thermostats; energy conservation; insulation; replacement windows; retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; TN982.

Venetian blinds; view; windows; window usage; energy conservation; office buildings; orientation; photographic method;

season; BSSl 12. Venting; performance testing; plumbing system design;

reduced-size vents; trap-seal retention; 18084.

Verification; balancing; building code official; code require- ments; energy conservation; performance specifications; testing; SP5I8, pp. 135-144 (Aug. 1978).

Verification; dynamic conduction heat transfer; heat transfer; thermal response factor; NBSIR 77-1405.

Vertical acceleration; design; horizontal acceleration; seismic

coefficients; stability; strong-motion accelerogram; structures; SP523, pp. IV-1—IV-19 (Sept. 1978).

80
Vertical distribution of seismic wave; deep borehole;

earthquake, in-situ velocity measurement; S-wave; SP523, pp.

111-44—111-54 (Sept. 1978).

Vibration experiments; dynamic water pressure; shaking table; underground pipes; SP523, pp. V-53—V-68 (Sept. 1978).

Vibrator; harmonic wave; Love waves; model structure; Rayleigh waves; soil-structure interaction; SP523, pp. IV- 96—IV- 114 (Sept. 1978).

View; windows; window usage; energy conservation; office

buildings; orientation; photographic method; season; Venetian

blinds; BSSI 12. Vinyl title; water-thinned polyurethane system; field demonstration; high traffic areas; laboratory findings; maintenance engineers; service conditions; solvent-thinned pwlyurethane

system; NBSIR 77-1399.

Vinyl wallcoverings; wallcovering materials; washability; abrasion; Federal Specification CCC-W-408A; fungus resistance;

stain resistance; surface roughness; TN984.

Violations; building official; building regulations; code enforce- ment; construction; court decisions; disasters; economics;

legal approach; regulatory process; SP518, pp. 381-390

(Aug. 1978).

Vision; illumination; illumination levels; lighting; task lighting;

18230.

W

Wallcovering materials; washability; abrasion; Federal Specification CCC-W-408A; fungus resistance; stain resistance; sur- face roughness; vinyl wallcoverings; TN984.

Walls and windows; buildings; design; test methods; 17947.

Washability; abrasion; Federal Specification CCC-W-408A; fun- gus resistance; stain resistance; surface roughness; vinyl wall- coverings; wallcovering materials; TN984.

Wastewater treatment; co-generation; integrated utility systems;

solid waste management; thermal systems; total energy;

NBSIR 78-1563.

Water reuse; bacterial identification; gas-liquid chromatography; potable water; pyrolysis; sewage treatment plant effluent; 18203.

Water tank thermal storage; ASHRAE Standards; evaluation of

test procedure; solar heating components; standard test procedure; thermal storage tests; NBSIR 78-1548.

Water-thinned polyurethane system; field demonstration; high

traffic areas; laboratory findings; maintenance engineers; ser- vice conditions; solvent-thinned polyurethane system; vinyl

tide; NBSIR 77-1399.

Wave; accelerogram; artificial earthquake; covariance; filter;

finite Fourier expansion; prediction error; random variables;

synthesis; SP523, pp. IV-28—IV-47 (Sept. 1978).

Weather; climate data; computer; energy; load-calculation; residential; NBSIR 78-1525.

Weathering; x-ray analysis; adobe; clay; particle size distribution; soluble salt analysis; NBSIR 78-1495.

Weatherization; weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; clock

thermostats; energy conservation; insulation; replacement

windows; retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; TN982.

Weatherstripping; caulks and sealants; clock thermostats; ener- gy conservation; insulation; replacement windows;

retrofitting; storm doors; storm windows; vapor barriers; weatherization; TN982.

Wind discomfort; wind flow around buildings; air flow; CSTB;

discomfort, wind; France; translations; TN710-9.

Wind flow around buildings; air flow; CSTB; discomfort, wind;

France; translations; wind discomfort; TN710-9.

Wind forces; wind pressure; buildings (codes); dynamic

response; gust loads; structural engineering; tall buildings;

17767.

Wind loads; building codes; buildings; deflections; dynamic

response; gust factors; structural engineering; 17365.

Wind loads; winds; accelerograph; codes; design criteria; dis- aster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity; solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses; SP523.

Wind pressure; buildings (codes); dynamic response; gust loads; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind forces; 17767.

Wind pressure; wind tunnel tests; aerodynamics; dynamic loads; dynamic response; structural engineering; tall buildings;

17941.

Wind tunnel tests; aerodynamics; dynamic loads; dynamic

response; structural engineering; tall buildings; wind pressure; 17941.

Windloads; buildings; design criteria; developing countries; technology transfer; SP523, pp. VIII-42—VIII-46 (Sept.

1978).

Windloads; comer brace; inplane shear forces; racking stiffness; racking strength; SP523, pp. VI-25—VI-34 (Sept. 1978).

Window; window management; daylighting; energy conservation; life-cycle costs; residential; solar heat gain; NBSIR 77- 1388.

Window management; daylighting; energy conservation; fenestration design; solar heat gain; BSS109.

Window management; daylighting; energy conservation; life- cycle costs; residential; solar heat gain; window; NBSIR 77- 1388.

Window management; windows; energy conservation; glare;

human factors; psychology; thermal discomfort; 17859.

Window usage; energy conservation; office buildings; orientation; photographic method; season; Venetian blinds; view;

windows; BSS112.

Windows; building envelope; energy conservation; fenestration; passive solar; 18020.

Windows; buildings costs; economic evaluation; energy conservation; exterior walls; life-cycle costing; 17942.

Windows; daylighting; energy conservation; glass; thermal per- formance; SP512.

Windows; energy conservation; glare; human factors; psychology; thermal discomfort; window management; 17859.

Windows; window usage; energy conservation; office buildings;

orientation; photographic method; season; Venetian blinds; view; BSSU2.

Winds; accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquake hazards; earthquakes; ground failures; seismicity;

solids; standards; structural engineering; structural responses;

wind loads; SP523.

Wire; branch circuits; duplex receptacles; electrical connections; power loss; temperatures; thermocouples; NBSIR 77- 1380. Wooden houses; damages of structure by earthquake; disaster

mitigation; probability theory; ratio of razed houses; SP523,

pp. VII- 1—VII- 15 (Sept. 1978).

X-ray analysis; adobe; clay; particle size distribution; soluble

salt analysis; weathering; NBSIR 78-1495.

X-ray fluorescent; accuracy; calibration; evaluation; lead; paint;

poisoning; portable; precision; radiation; references; substrates; NBSIR 78-1466.

81
Y

Yellow traffic paint; alkyd traffic paint; chlorinated rubber traffic paint; hot thermoplastic coatings; lead chromate; organic

yellow pigments; 181 15.

z

8th Annual Conference; ASHRAE 90-P; building codes; mobile

homes; National Conference of States on Building Codes and

Standards; NCSBCS; proceedings; NBSIR 77-1413.

82
83
1
APPENDIX A. LIST OF DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES

ALABAMA

Alexander City: Alexander City State Junior College, Thomas

D. Russell Library (1967).

Auburn: Auburn University, Ralph Brown Draughon Library

(1907).

Birmingham:

Birmingham Public Library (1895).

Birmingham-Southern College Library (1932).

Jefferson State Junior College, James B. Allen Library

(1970).

Samford University, Harwell G. Davis Library (1884).

Enterprise: Enterprise State Junior College Library (1967).

Florence: University of North Alabama, Collier Library (1932).

Gadsden: Gadsden Public Library (1963).

Huntsville: University of Alabama, Huntsville Campus Library

(1964).

Jacksonville: Jacksonville State University, Ramona Wood

Library (1929).

Maxwell A.F. Base: Air University Library (1963).

Mobile:

Mobile Public Library (1963).

Spring Hill College, Thomas Byrne Memorial Library

(1937).

University of South Alabama Library ( 1 968).

Montgomery:

Alabama State Department of Archives and History Library (1884).

Alabama Supreme Court Library ( 1 884).

Auburn University at Montgomery Library (1971)— REGIONAL.

Normal: Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical College, Drake

Memorial Library (1963).

St. Bernard: St. Bernard College, Herman J. Heidrich Library

(1962).

Troy: Troy State University, Lurleen B. Wallace Educational Resources Center (1963).

Tuskegee Institute: Tuskegee Institute, Hollis Burke Frissell Library (1907).

University:

University of Alabama, School of Law Library (1967).

University of Alabama Library ( 1 860) -REGIONAL

ALASKA

Anchorage:

Anchorage Higher Education Consortium Library (1961).

Supreme Court of Alaska Library (

1 973).

College: University of Alaska, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library

(1922). Juneau: Alaska State Library (1964).

Ketchikan: Ketchikan Community College Library (1970).

ARIZONA

Coolidge: Central Arizona College, Instructional Materials

Center (1973).

Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University Library (1937).

Phoenix:

Department of Library and Arcfiives (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Grand Canyon College, Fleming Library.

Phoenix Public Library (1917).

Prescott: Yavapai College Library (1976).

Tempe: Arizona State University, Matthews Library (1944).

Arizona State University, College of Law Library (1977).

Thatcher: Eastern Arizona Junior College Library (1963).

Tucson:

Tucson Public Library (1970).

University of Arizona Library (1907) - REGIONAL.

Yuma: Yuma City-County Library (1963).

ARKANSAS

Arkadelphia: Ouachita Baptist University, Riley Library (1963).

Batesville: Arkansas College Library (1963).

Clarksville: College of the Ozarks Library (1925).

Conway: Hendrix College, O. C. Bailey Library (1903).

Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Library (1907).

Little Rock:

Arkansas Supreme Court Library (1962).

Little Rock Public Library (1953).

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Library (1973).

Magnolia: Southern Arkansas University, Mogale Library

(1956).

Monticello: University of Arkansas at Monticello Library

(1956).

Pine Bluff: University of Arkansas, Watson Memorial Library

(1976).

Russellville: Arkansas Tech University, Tomlinson Library

(1925).

Searcy: Harding College, Beaumont Memorial Library (1963). State College: Arkansas State University, Dean B. Ellis Library

(1913).

Walnut Ridge: Southern Baptist College, Felix Goodson Library

(1967).

CALIFORNIA

Anaheim: Anaheim Public Library (1963).

Arcadia: Arcadia Public Library (1975). Areata: Humboldt State College Library (1963). Bakersfield: California State College, Bakersfield Library (1974).

Kern County Library System (1943).

Berkeley:

University of California, General Library (1907).

University of California, Law Library, Earl Warren Legal

Center (1963).

Carson: Carson Regional Library (1973).

Chico: Chico State University Library (1962).

Claremont: Pomona College Documents Collection, Honnold

Library (1913).

Coalingo: West Hills Community College (1978).

Compton: Compton Library (1972).

Culver City: Culver City Library (1966).

Davis:

University of California at Davis Library (1953).

University of California at Davis, School of Law Library

(1972).

Dominguez Hills: California State College, Dominguez Hills,

Educational Resources Center (1973).

Downey: Downey City Library (1963). Fresno: Fresno County Free Library (1920).

California State University Library (1962). Fullerton: California State University at Fullerton Library

(1963).

Garden Grove: Garden Grove Regional Library (1963).

85
Gardena: Gardena Public Library (1966).

Hayward: California State College at Hayward Library (1963).

Huntington Park; Huntington Park Library, San Antonio Region

(1970).

Inglewood: Inglewood Public Library (1963).

Irvine: University of California at Irvine Library (1963).

La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, University Library (1963).

Lakewood: Angelo lacoboni Public Library (1970). Lancaster: Lancaster Regional Library (1967).

Long Beach:-

California State College at Long Beach Library ( 1 962).

Long Beach Public Library (1933).

Los Angeles:

California State College at Los Angeles, John F. Kennedy

Memorial Library (1956).

Los Angeles County Law Library (1963).

Los Angeles Public Library (1891).

Loyola University of Los Angeles Library (1933).

Occidental College, Mary Norton Clapp Library (1941).

Pepperdine University Library (1963).

Southwestern University, School of Law Library (1975).

University of California at Los Angeles Library (1932).

University of California at Los Angeles, Law Library

(1958).

University of Southern California Library (1933).

Menio Park: Department of the Interior, Geological Survey

Library (1962).

Montebello: Montebello Library (1966).

Monterey: Naval Postgraduate School Library (1963).

Monterey Park: Bruggemeyer Memorial Library (1964).

Northridge: California State University at Northridge Library

(1958).

Norwalk: Los Cerritos Regional Library (1973).

Oakland:

Mills College Library (1966).

Oakland Public Library (1923).

Ontario: Ontario City Library (1974).

Pasadena:

California Institute of Technology, Millikan Memorial

Library (1933).

Pasadena Public Library (1963). Pleasant Hill: Contra Costa County Library (1964).

Redding: Shasta County Library (1956).

Redlands: University of Redlands, Armacost Library (1933).

Redwood City: Redwood City Public Library (1966).

Reseda: West Valley Regional Branch Library (1966).

Richmond: Richmond Public Library (1943).

Riverside:

Riverside Public Library (1947).

University of California at Riverside Library (1963).

Sacramento:

California State Library ( 1 895) - REG IONAL.

Sacramento City-County Library (1880).

Sacramento County Law Library (1963).

Sacramento State College Library (1963).

San Bernardino: San Bernardino County Free Library (1964).

San Diego:

San Diego State University, Love Library (1962).

San Diego County Law Library (1973).

San Diego County Library (1966).

San Diego Public Library ( 1 895).

University of San Diego Law Library (1967).

San Francisco:

Mechanics' Institute Library (1889).

San Francisco Public Library (1889).

San Francisco State College, Social Science and Business

Library (1955).

Supreme Court of California Library (1972). U.S. Court of Appeals for Ninth Circuit Library (1971).

86

University of San Francisco, Richard A. Gleeson Library

(1963).

San Jose: San Jose State College Library (1962).

San Leandro: San Leandro Community Library Center (1961).

San Luis Obispo: California Polytechnic State University Library (1969).

San Rafael: Marin County Free Library (1975).

Santa Ana:

Orange County Law Library (1975).

Santa Ana Public Library (1959).

Santa Barbara: University of California at Santa Barbara Library (1960).

Santa Clara: University of Santa Clara, Orradre Library (1963).

Santa Cruz: University of California at Santa Cruz Library

(1963).

Santa Rosa: Santa Rosa-Sonoma County Public Library (1896).

Stanford: Stanford University Libraries (1895).

Stockton: Public Library of Stockton and San Joaquin County

(1884).

Thousand Oaks: California Lutheran College Library (1964). Torrance: Torrance Civic Center Library (1969).

Turlock: Stanislaus State College Library (1964).

Valencia: Valencia Regional Library (1972).

Van Nuys: Los Angeles Valley College Library (1970). Ventura: Ventura County Library Services Agency (1975).

Visalia: Tulare County Free Library (1967).

Walnut: Mount San Antonio College Library (1966).

West Covina: West Covina Library (1966).

Whittier: Whittier College, Wardman Library (1963).

CANAL ZONE

Balboa Heights: Canal Zone Library- Museum (1963).

COLORADO

Alamosa: Adams State College Learning Resources Center

(1963).

Boulder: University of Colorado Libraries (1879) — REGIONAL.

Colorado Springs:

Colorado College, Charles Learning Tutt Library (1880).

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Library (1974).

Denver:

Colorado State Library (unknown).

Denver Public Library ( 1 884) - REGIONAL.

Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Library

(1962).

Regis College, Dayton Memorial Library (1915).

U niversity of Denver, Penrose Library ( 1 909). U.S. Court of Appeals for Tenth Circuit Library (1973). Fort Collins: Colorado State University Library (1907).

Golden: Colorado School of Mines, Arthur Lakes Library

(1939).

Grand Junction: Mesa County Public Library (1975).

Greeley: University of Northern Colorado Library (1966).

Gunnison: Western State College, Leslie J. Savage Library

(1932).

La Junta: Otero Junior College, Wheeler Library ( 1 963 ). Lakewood: Jefferson County Public Library, Lakewood Regional Library (1968).

Pueblo:

Pueblo Regional Library (1893).

University Southern Colorado Library (1965). U.S. Air Force Academy: Academy Library (1956).
CONNECTICUT

Bridgeport: Bridgeport Public Library (1884).

Danbury: Western Connecticut State College, Ruth A. Haas Li- brary (1967).

Danielson: Quinebaug Valley Community College (1975). Enfield: Enfield Public Library (1967). Hartford: Connecticut State Library (unknown)-REGIONAL.

Hartford Public Library (1945).

Trinity College Library (1895).

Middletown: Wesleyan University Library (1906).

Mystic: Marine Historical Association, Inc., G. W. Blunt White

Library (1964).

New Britain: Central Connecticut State College, Elihu Burritt Li- brary (1973).

New Haven:

Southern Connecticut State College Library (1968).

Yale University Library (1859).

New London:

Connecticut College Library (1926). U.S. Coast Guard Academy Library (1939).

Stamford: Stamford Public Library (1973).

Storrs: University of Connecticut, Wilbur Cross Library (1907).

Waterbury:

Post College, Traurig Library (1977).

Silas Bronson Library (1869).

West Haven: University of New Haven Library (1971).

DELAWARE

Dover:Delaware State College, William C. Jason Library (1962). State Department of Community Affairs and Economic

Development, Division of Libraries (1972). State Law Library in Kent County (unknown).

Georgetown:

Delaware Technical and Community College, Southern

Branch Library (1968).

Sussex County Law Library ( 1 976).

Newark:

University of Delaware, Morris Library (1907).

Delaware Law School Library (1976).

Wilmington:

New Castle County Law Library (1 974).

Wilmington Institute and New Castle County Library

(1861).

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Washington:

Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations

Library.

Civil Aeronautics Board Library (1975).

Civil Service Commission Library (1963).

Department of Commerce Library (1955).

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Library

(1954).

Department of Housing and Urban Development Library

(1969).

Department of the Interior Central Library (1895).

Department of Justice Main Library (1895).

Department of Labor Library ( 1 976).

Department of State Library (1895).

Department of State, Office of Legal Advisor, Law Library

(1966).

Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Library (1968).

District of Columbia Public Library (1943).

Federal City College Library (1970).

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Library (1972).

Federal Election Commission Library (1975).

Federal Reserve System Law Library (1976).

General Accounfing Office Library (1975).

General Services Administration Library (1975).

Georgetown University Library (1969).

Indian Claims Commission Library (1968).

National War College Library ( 1 895).

Navy Department Library (1895).

Navy Department, Office of Judge Advocate General Li- brary (1963).

Office of Management and Budget Library (1965).

Office of The Adjutant General, Department of Army Li- brary (1969). Postal Service Library (1895).

Research Library, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (1978).

Treasury Department Library (1895). U.S. Court of Appeals, Judge's Library (1975). U.S. Supreme Court Library (1978). Veterans' Administration, Central Office Library (1976).

FLORIDA

Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic University Library (1963).

Clearwater: Clearwater Public Library (1972).

Coral Gables: University of Miami Library (1939).

Crestview: Robert F. L. Sikes Public Library (1978).

Daytona Beach: Volusia County Public Libraries (1963).

DeLand: Stetson University, duPont-Ball Library (1887). Fort Lauderdale:

Broward County Library System (1967).

Nova University Law Library (1967). Fort Pierce: Indian River Community College Library (1975). Gainesville: University of Florida Libraries (1907)-REGIONAL.

Jacksonville: Haydon Burns Library (1914).

Jacksonville University, Swisher Library (1962).

University of North Florida Library (1972).

Lakeland: Lakeland Public Library (1928).

Leesburg: Lake-Sumter Community College Library (1963).

Melbourne: Florida Institute of Technology Library (1963).

Miami:

Florida International University Library (1970).

Miami Public Library (1952).

North Miami: Florida International University, North Miami

Campus Library (1977).

Opa Locka: Biscayne College Library (1966).

Orlando: Florida Technological University Library (1966). Palatka: St. Johns River Junior College Library (1963).

Pensacola: University of West Florida, John C. Pace Library

(1966). Port Chariotte: Charlotte County Library System (1973).

St. Petersburg:

St. Petersburg Public Library (1965). Stetson University College Law Library (1975). Sarasota: Sarasota Public Library (1970).

Tallahassee:

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Coleman

Memorial Library (1936). State Library of Florida ( 1 929).

Florida State University, R. M. Stozier Library (1941).

Florida Supreme Court Library (1974).

Tampa:

Tampa Public Library (1965).

University of South Florida Library (1962).

University of Tampa, Merle Kelce Library (1953).

Winter Park: Rollins College, Mills Memorial Library (1909).

87
GEORGIA

Rexburg: Ricks College, David O. McKay Library (1946).

Twin Falls: College of Southern Idaho Library (1970).

Albany: Albany Public Library (1964).

Americas: Georgia Southwestern College, James Earl Carter

Library (1966).

Athens: University of Georgia Libraries (1907). Atlanta: Atlanta Public Library ( 1 880).

Atlanta U ni versity , Trevor Arnett Library ( 1 962).

Emory University, Robert W. Woodruff Library (1 928).

Emory University, School of Law Library (1968).

Georgia Institute of Technology, Price Gilbert Memorial

Library (1963).

Georgia State Library (unknown).

Georgia State University Library (1970).

Augusta: Augusta College Library ( 1 962).

Brunswick: Brunswick Public Library (1965). CarroUton: West Georgia College, Sanford Library (1962).

Columbus: Columbus College, Simon Schwob Memorial Library (1975).

Dahlonega: North Georgia College Library ( 1939).

Dalton: Dalton Junior College Library (1978). Decatur: Dekalb Community College-South Campus, Learning

Resources Center (1973).

Gainesville: Chestatee Regional Library (1968).

Macon: Mercer University Library (1964).

Marietta: Kennesaw Junior College Library (1968).

Milledgeville: Georgia College at Milledgeville, Ina Dillard Russell Library (1950).

Mount Berry: Berry College, Memorial Library (1970).

Savannah: Savannah Public and Chatham-Effingham Liberty

Regional Library (1857).

Statesboro: Georgia Southern College, Rosenwald Library

(1939).

Valdosta: Valdosta State College, Richard Holmes Powell

Library (1956).

GUAM

Agana: Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library (1962).

HAWAII

Hilo: University of Hawaii, Hilo Campus Library (1962).

Honolulu:

Chaminade College of Honolulu Library (1965).

Hawaii Medical Library, Inc. (1968).

Hawaii State Library (1929).

Municipal Reference Library of the City and County of

Honolulu (1965).

Supreme Court Law Library (1973).

University of Hawaii Library (1907).

Laie: Church College of Hawaii, Woolley Library (1964).

Lihue: Kauai Public Library (1967). Pearl City: Leeward Community College Library (1967).

Wailuku: Maui Public Library (1962).

IDAHO

Boise:

Boise State College Library (1966).

Boise Public Library and Information Center (1929).

Idaho State Law Library (unknown).

Idaho State Library (1971).

Caldwell: College of Idaho, Terteling Library (1930).

Moscow: U niversity of Idaho Library ( 1 907) - REGIONAL.

Pocatello: Idaho State University Library (1908).

ILLINOIS

Bloomington: Illinois Wesleyan University Libraries (1964).

Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Library (1932).

Carlinville: Blackburn College Library (1954).

Carterville: Shawnee Library System (1971).

Champaign: University of Illinois Law Library, College of Law

(1965).

Charleston: Eastern Illinois University, Booth Library (1962).

Chicago:

Chicago Public Library (1876).

Chicago State University Library (1954).

DePaul University, Lincoln Park Campus Library (1975).

Field Museum of Natural History Library (1963).

John Crerar Library ( 1 909).

Loyola University of Chicago, E. M. Cudahy Memorial

Library (1966).

Northeastern Illinois University Library (1961).

University of Chicago Law Library (1 964).

University of Chicago Library (1897).

University of Illinois, Chicago Circle Campus Library

(1957). Decatur: Decatur Public Library (1954).

De Kalb: Northern Illinois University, Swen Franklin Parson

Library (1960).

Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University, Lovejoy Library

(1959). Elsah: Principia College, Marshall Brooks Library (1957). Evanston: Northwestern University Library (1876).

Freeport: Freeport Public Library (1905).

Galesburg: Galesburg Public Library (1896).

Jacksonville: MacMurray College, Henry Pfeiffer Library

(1929).

Kankakee: Olivet Nazarene College, Benner Library and

Resource Center ( 1 946).

Lake Forest: Lake Forest College, Donnelley Library (1962).

Lebanon: McKendree College, Holman Library (1968).

Lisle: Illinois Benedictine College, Theodore F. Lownik Library

(1911).

Lockport: Lewis University Library (1952).

Macomb: Western Illinois University Memorial Library (1962).

Moline: Black Hawk College, Learning Resources Center

(1970).

Monmouth: Monmouth College Library (1860).

Morton Grove: Oakton Community College Library (1976). Mt. Carmel: Wabash Valley College Library (1975). Mt. Prospect: Mt. Prospect Public Library (1977).

Normal: Illinois State University, Milner Library (1877).

Oak Park: Oak Park Public Library (1963).

Oglesby: Illinois Valley Community College Library (1976).

Palos Hills: Moraine Valley Community College Library (1972).

Park Forest South: Governors State University Library (1974).

Peoria:

Bradley University, Cullom Davis Library (1963).

Peoria Public Library (1883).

River Forest: Rosary College Library (1966).

Rockford: Rockford Public Library (unknown).

Springfield: Illinois State Library (unknown) -REGIONAL.

Urbana: University of Illinois Library (1907).

Wheaton: Wheaton College Library (1964).

Woodstock: Woodstock Public Library (1963).

INDIANA

Anderson: Anderson College, Charles E. Wilson Library (1959).

Bloomington: Indiana University Library (1881).

Crawfordsville: Wabash College, Lilly Library (1906).

Evansville:

Evansville and Vanderburgh County Public Library (1928).

88
Indiana State University, Evansville Campus Library

(1969). Fort Wayne:

Indiana-Purdue Universities, Regional Campus Library

(1965).

Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County ( 1 896).

Franklin: Franklin College Library (1976).

Gary:

Gary Public Library (1943).

Indiana University, Northwest Campus Library (1966).

Greencastle: De Pauw University, Roy O. West Library (1879).

Hammond: Hammond Public Library (1964).

Hanover: Hanover College Library (1892).

Huntington: Huntington College Library (1964).

Indianapolis: Butler University, Irwin Library (1965).

Indiana State Library (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Indiana Supreme Court Law Library (1975).

Indiana University, Law Library (1967).

Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library (1906).

Kokomo: Indiana University, Kokomo Regional Campus Library (1969).

Lafayette: Purdue University Library (1907).

Muncie:

Ball State University Library (1959).

Muncie Public Library ( 1 906).

New Albany: Indiana University, Southeastern Campus Library

(1965).

Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, Memorial Library

(1883).

Rensselaer: St. Joseph's College Library (1964).

Richmond:

Earlham College, Lilly Library (1964).

Morrison-Reeves Library (1906).

South Bend: Indiana University at South Bend Library (1965). Terre Haute: Indiana State University, Cunningham Memorial

Library (1906).

Valparaiso: Valparaiso University, Moellering Memorial Library (1930).

IOWA

Ames: Iowa State University of Science and Technology Library (1907).

Cedar Falls: University of Northern Iowa Library (1946).

Council Bluffs: Free Public Library (1885).

Iowa Western Community College, Hoover Media Library

(1972).

Davenport: Davenport Public Library (1973).

Des Moines:

Drake University, Cowles Library (1966).

Drake University Law Library (1972).

Iowa State Traveling Library (unknown).

Public Library of Des Moines (1 888).

Dubuque:

Carnegie-Stout Public Library (unknown).

Loras College, Wahlert Memorial Library (1967).

Fayette: Upper Iowa College, Henderson-Wilder Library

(1974).

Grinnell: Grinnell College, Burling Library (1874).

Iowa City:

University of Iowa. Law Library (1968).

University of Iowa Library (1 884) -REGIONAL.

Lamoni: Graceland College, Frederick Madison Smith Library

(1927).

Mason City: North Iowa Area Community College Library

(1976).

Mount Vernon: Cornell College, Russell D. Cole Library

(1896).

Orange City: Northwestern College, Ramaker Library (1970).

Sioux City: Sioux City Public Library ( 1 894).

KANSAS

Atchison: Benedictine College Library (1965).

Baldwin City: Baker University Library (1908).

Colby: Colby Community Junior College Library (1968).

Emporia: Kansas State College, William Allen White Library

(1909).

Hays: Fort Hays Kansas State College, Forsyth Library (1926).

Hutchinson: Hutchinson Public Library (1963).

Lawrence:

University of Kansas, Watson Library (1869) -REGIONAL.

University of Kansas Law Library (1971).

Manhattan: Kansas State University, Farrell Library (1907).

Pittsburg: Kansas State College of Pittsburg, Porter Library

(1952).

Salina: Kansas Wesleyan University, Memorial Library (1930).

Topeka:

Kansas State Historical Society Library (1 877).

Kansas State Library (unknown).

Kansas Supreme Court Law Library (1975).

Washburn University of Topeka, Law Library (1971).

Wichita: Wichita State University Library (1901).

KENTUCKY

Ashland: Ashland Public Library (1946).

Barbourville: Union College, Abigail E. Weeks Memorial Library(1958).

Bowling Green: Western Kentucky University, Cravens Graduate Center and Library ( 1 934).

Covington: Thomas More College Library (1970).

Danville: Centre College, Grace Doherty Library (1884).

Frankfort:

Kentucky Department of Libraries (1967).

Kentucky State University, Blazer Library (1972). State Law Library (unknown).

Highland Heights: Northern Kentucky State College Library

(1973).

Hopkinsville: Hopkinsville Community College Library (1976).

Lexington:

University of Kentucky, Law Library (1968).

University of Kentucky, Margaret I. King Library

(1907) -REGIONAL.

Louisville: Louisville Free Public Library (1904).

University of Louisville, Belknap Campus Library (1925).

University of Louisville Law Library ( 1 975 ). Morehead: Morehead State University, Johnson Camden Library (1955).

Murray: Murray State University Library (1924).

Owensboro: Kentucky Wesleyan College Library (1966).

Richmond: Eastern Kentucky University, John Grant Crabbe

Library (1966).

LOUISIANA

Baton Rouge:

Louisiana State Library (1976).

Louisiana State University Law Library (1929).

Louisiana State University Library (1907) -REGIONAL.

Southern University Library (1952).

Eunice: Louisiana State University at Eunice, Le Doux Library

(1969).

Hammond: Southeastern Louisiana University, Sims Memorial

Library (1966).

89
Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana Library

(1938).

Lake Charles: McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial

Library (1941).

Monroe: Northeast Louisiana University, Sandei Library

(1963).

Natchitoches: Northwestern State University, Watson Memorial Library (1887).

New Orleans:

Isaac Delgado College, Moss Technical Library (1968).

Law Library of Louisiana (unknown).

University of New Orleans Library (1963).

Loyola University Library (1942).

New Orleans Public Library (1883).

Southern University in New Orleans Library (1962).

Tulane University, Howard-Tilton Memorial Library

(1942).

Tulane University Law Library (1976). U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit Library (1973).

Pineville: Louisiana College, Richard W. Norton Memorial

Library (1969). Ruston: Louisiana Technical University Library (1896) — REGIONAL.

Shreveport:

Louisiana State University at Shreveport Library (1967).

Shreve Memorial Library (1923).

Thibodaux: Francis T. NichoUs State University, Leonidas Polk

Library (1962).

MAINE

Augusta:

Maine Law and Legislative Reference Library (1973).

Maine State Library (unknown).

Bangor: Bangor Public Library (1884).

Brunswick: Bowdoin College, Hawthorne-Longfellow Library

(1884).

Castine: Maine Maritime Academy, Nutting Memorial Library

(1969).

Lewiston: Bates College Library (1883).

Orono: University of Maine, Raymond H. Fogler Library

(1907)-REGIONAL.

Portland: Portland Public Library (1884).

University of Maine Law Library (1964).

Springvale: Nasson College Library (1961).

Waterville: Colby College Library (1884).

MARYLAND

Annapolis:

Maryland State Library (unknown).

U.S. Naval Academy, Nimitz Library (1895).

Baltimore:

Enoch Pratt Free Library (1 887).

Johns Hopkins University, Milton S. Eisenhower Library

(1882).

Morgan State College, Soper Library ( 1 940).

University of Baltimore, Langsdale Library (1973).

University of Maryland, Baltimore County Library (1971).

University of Maryland, School of Law Library (1969).

Bel Air: Harford Community College Library (1967).

Beltsville: Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural

Library (1895).

Bethesda: National Library of Medicine Library (1978).

Chestertown: Washington College, Chester M. Miller Library

(1891).

College Park: University of Maryland, McKeldin Library

(1925)-REGIONAL

Cumberland: Allegany Community College Library (1974).

Frostburg: Frostburg State College Library (1967).

Germantown: Energy Research & Development Adm. Library

(1963). Patuxent River: Naval Air Station Library (1968).

Rockville: Montgomery County Department of Public Libraries

(1951).

Salisbury: Salisbury State College, Blackwell Library (1965).

Towson; Goucher College, Julia Rogers Library (1966).

Westminster: Western Maryland College Library (1896).

MASSACHUSETTS

Amherst:

Amherst College Library (1 884).

University of Massachusetts, Goodell Library ( 1 907).

Belmont: Belmont Memorial Library (1968). Boston: Boston Athenaeum Library (unknown).

Boston College, Bapst Library (1963).

Boston Public Library (1859)-REGIONAL.

Northeastern University, Dodge Library (1962). State Library of Massachusetts (unknown).

Brookline: Public Library of Brookline (1925).

Cambridge:

Harvard College Library ( 1 860).

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Libraries (1946).

Middlesex County Law Library (1978).

Chicopee: Our Lady of the Elms College Library (1 969).

Lowell: Lowell Technological Institute, Alumni Memorial

Library (1952).

Lynn: Lynn Public Library (1953).

Marlborough: Marlborough Public Library (1971).

Medford: Tufts University Library (1899).

Milton: Curry College Library (1972).

New Bedford: New Bedford Free Public Library (1858).

North Dartmouth: Southeastern Massachusetts University

Library (1965).

North Easton: Stonehill College, Cushing-Martin Library

(1962).

Springfield: Springfield City Library (1966).

Waltham: Brandeis University, Goldfarb Library (1965).

Wellesley: Wellesley College Library (1943).

Wenham: Gordon College, Winn Library (1 963).

Williamstown: Williams College Library (unknown).

Worcester: American Antiquarian Society Library (1814).

University of Massachusetts, Medical Center Library

(1972).

Worcester Public Library (1859).

MICHIGAN

Albion: Albion College, Stockwell Memorial Library (1 966). Allendale: Grand Valley State College Library (1963).

Alma: Alma College, Monteith Library (1963).

Ann Arbor:

Great Lakes Basin Commission Library (1971).

University of Michigan, Harlan Hatcher Library (1884).

Benton Harbor: Benton Harbor Public Library (1907).

Bloomfield Hills: Cranbrook Institute of Science Library (1940).

Dearborn:

Henry Ford Centennial Library ( 1 969).

Henry Ford Community College Library (1957).

Detroit:

Detroit Public Library (1868)- REGIONAL.

Marygrove College Library (1965).

Mercy College of Detroit Library ( 1 965).

University of Detroit Library (1884).

90
Wayne State University Law Library (1971).

Wayne State University, G. Flint Purdy Library (1937).

Dowagiac: Southwestern Michigan College Library (1971). East Lansing:

Michigan State University, Law Library (1971).

Michigan State University Library (1907).

Escanaba: Michigan State Library, Upper Peninsula Branch

(1964).

Farmington: Martin Luther King Learning Resources Center,

Oakland Community College (1968).

Flint:Charles Stewart Mott Library (1959).

Flint Public Library (1967).

Grand Rapids:

Grand Rapids Public Library (1876).

Calvin College Library (1967).

Houghton: Michigan Technological University Library (1876).

Jackson: Jackson Public Library (1965).

Kalamazoo:

Kalamazoo Library System (1907).

Western Michigan University, Dwight B. Waldo Library

(1963).

Lansing: Michigan State Library (unknown) - REGIONAL.

Livonia: Schoolcraft College Library (1962).

Marquette: Northern Michigan University, Oisen Library

(1963).

Monroe: Monroe County Library System ( 1 974). Mt. Clemens: Macomb County Library (1968). Mt. Pleasant: Central Michigan University Library (1958).

Muskegon: Hackley Public Library (1894).

Olivet: Olivet College Library (1974).

Petoskey: North Central Michigan College Library (1962). Port Huron: Saint Clair County Library System ( 1 876).

Rochester: Oakland University, Kresge Library (1964).

Saginaw: Hoyt Public Library (1890). Traverse City: Northwestern Michigan College, Mark Osterlin

Library (1964).

University Center: Delta College Library (1963). Warren: Warren Public Library, Arthur J. Miller Branch (1973).

Wayne: Wayne Oakland Federated Library System (1957).

Ypsilanti: Eastern Michigan University Library (1965).

MINNESOTA

Bemidji: Bemidji State College, A. C. Clark Library (1963).

Collegeville: St. John's University, Alcuin Library (1954).

Duluth: Duluth Public Library (1909).

Mankato: Mankato State College Memorial Library (1962).

Minneapolis:

Anoka County Library (1971).

Hennepin County Libraries (1971).

Minneapolis Public Library (1893).

University of Minnesota, Wilson Library (1907) — REGIONAL.

Moorhead: Moorhead State College Library (1956).

Morris: University of Minnesota at Morris Library (1963).

Northfield:

Carleton College Library (1930).

St. Olaf College, Rolvaag Memorial Library (1930).

St. Cloud: St. Cloud State College Library (1962).

St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Library (1867).

Minnesota State Law Library (unknown).

St. Paul Public Library (1914).

University of Minnesota, St. Paul Campus Library (1974).

Saint Peter: Gustavus Adolphus College Library (1941).

Stillwater: Stillwater Public Library (1893).

Willmar: Crow River Regional Library (1958).

Winona: Winona State University, Maxwell Library (1969).

MISSISSIPPI

Cleveland: Delta State University, W. B. Roberts Library

(1975).

Clinton: Mississippi College School of Law Library (1977).

Columbus: Mississippi State College for Women, J. C. Fant

Memorial Library (1920).

Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi Library (1935).

Jackson:

Jackson State College Library (1968).

Millsaps College, Millsaps-Wilson Library (1963).

Mississippi Library Commission (1947).

Mississippi State Law Library (unknown).

Lorman: Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College Library

(1970). State College: Mississippi State University, Mitchell Memorial

Library (1907).

University:

University of Mississippi Library (1833) -REGIONAL.

University of Mississippi, School of Law Library (1967).

MISSOURI

Cape Girardeau: Southeast Missouri State College, Kent Library (1916).

Columbia: University of Missouri Library (1862).

Fayette: Central Methodist College Library (1962). Fulton: Westminster College, Reeves Library (1875).

Jefferson City:

Lincoln University, Inman E. Page Library (1944).

Missouri State Library (1963).

Missouri Supreme Court Library (unknown).

Joplin: Missouri Southern State College Library (1966).

Kansas City:

Kansas City Public Library (1881).

Rockhurst College Library (1917).

University of Missouri at Kansas City, General Library

(1938).

Kirksville: Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, Pickler

Memorial Library ( 1 966).

Liberty: William Jewell College Library (1900).

Rolla: U niversity of Missouri at Rolla Library ( 1 907).

St. Charles: Lindenwood College, Margaret Leggat Butler

Library (1973).

St. Joseph : St. Joseph Public Library ( 1,89 1 ).

St. Louis:

St. Louis County Library (1970).

St. Louis Public Library (1866).

St. Louis University, Law Library (1967).

St. Louis University, Pius XII Memorial Library (1866).

University of Missouri at St. Louis, Thomas Jefferson

Library (1966). U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit Library (1972).

Washington University, John M. Olin Library (1906).

Springfield:

Drury College, Walker Library ( 1 874).

Southwest Missouri State College Library (1963).

Warrensburg: Central Missouri State College, Ward Edwards

Library (1914).

MONTANA

Billings: Eastern Montana College Library (1924).

Bozeman: Montana State University Library (1907). Butte: Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology

Library (1901).

Helena:

Carroll College Library (1974).

91
Montana Historical Society Library (unknown).

Montana State Library (1966).

Missoula: University of Montana Library (1 909) -REGIONAL.

NEBRASKA

Blair: Dana College, Dana-LIFE Library (1924). Crete: Doane College, Whitin Library (1944). Fremont: Midland Lutheran College Library (1924).

Kearney: Kearney State College, Calvin T. Ryan Library

(1962).

Lincoln:

Nebraska Publications Clearinghouse, Nebraska Library

Commission (1972) -REGIONAL.

Nebraska State Library (unknown).

University of Nebraska, Don L. Love Memorial Library

(1907).

Omaha:

Creighton University, Alumni Library (1964).

Omaha Public Library ( 1 880).

University of Nebraska at Omaha, University Library

(1939).

Scottsbluff: Scottsbluff Public Library (1925).

Wayne: Wayne State College, U.S. Conn Library (1970).

NEVADA

Carson City:

Nevada State Library (unknown).

Nevada Supreme Court Library (1973).

Las Vegas:

Clark County Library District Library (1974).

University of Nevada at Las Vegas, James R. Dickinson

Library (1959).

Reno:

Nevada State Historical Society Library (1974).

University of Nevada Library (1907) -REGIONAL

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Concord:

Franklin Pierce Law Center Library (1973).

New Hampshire State Library (unknown).

Durham: University of New Hampshire Library (1907).

Franconia: Franconia College Library (1972).

Hanover: Dartmouth College, Baker Library (1884).

Henniker: New England College Library ( 1 966).

Manchester:

Manchester City Library ( 1 884).

New Hampshire College, H.A.B. Shapiro Memorial Library (1976).

St. Anselm's College, Geise Library (1963).

Nashua: Nashua Public Library (1971).

NEW JERSEY

Bayonne: Bayonne Free Public Library (1909).

Bloomfield: Free Public Library of Bloomfield (1965).

Bridgeton: Cumberland County Library (1966).

Camden: Rutgers University-Camden Library (1966).

Convent Station: College of St. Elizabeth, Mahoney Library

(1938).

Dover: County College of Morris Library, Learning Resources

Center (1975). East Brunswick: East Brunswick Public Library (1977). East Orange: East Orange Public Library (1966).

Elizabeth: Free Public Library of Elizabeth (1895).

Glassboro: Glassboro State College, Savitz Learning Resource

Center (1963).

Hackensack: Johnson Free Public Library ( 1 966).

Irvington: Free Public Library of Irvington (1966).

Jersey City: Free Public Library of Jersey City ( 1 879).

Jersey City State College, Forrest A. Irwin Library (1963).

Lawrenceville: Rider College Library (1975).

Madison: Drew University, Rose Memorial Library (1939).

Mahwah: Ramapo College Library (1971).

Mount Holly: Burlington County Library (1966).

New Brunswick: Free Public Library (1908).

Rutgers University Library (1907).

Newark:

Newark Public Library (1906) -REGIONAL.

Rutgers—The State University, John Cotton Dana Library

(1966).

Passaic: Passaic Public Library (1964).

Phillipsburg: Phillipsburg Free Public Library (1976).

Plainfield: Plainfield Public Library (1971).

Pomona: Stockton State College Library (1972).

Princeton: Princeton University Library (1884).

Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University, Messier Library

(1953).

Shrewsbury: Monmouth County Library (1968).

South Orange: Seton Hall University, McLaughlin Library

(1947).

Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck Campus

Library (1963).

Toms River: Ocean County College Learning Resources Center

(1966). Trenton: New Jersey State Library, Law and Reference Bureau, Department of Education (unknown).

Trenton Free Public Library (1902).

Union: Kean College of New Jersey, Nancy Thompson Library

(1973).

Upper Montclair: Montclair State College, Harry A. Sprague

Library (1967).

Wayne: Wayne Public Library (1972).

West Long Branch: Monmouth College, Guggenheim Memorial

Library (1963).

Woodbridge: Free Public Library of Woodbridge (1965).

NEW MEXICO

Albuquerque:

University of New Mexico, Medical Sciences Library

(1973).

University of New Mexico, School of Law Library (1973).

University of New Mexico, Zimmerman Library

(1896)-REGIONAL.

Hobbs: New Mexico Junior College, Pannell Library (1969).

Las Cruces: New Mexico State University Library (1907).

Las Vegas: New Mexico Highlands University, Donnelly Library (1913).

Portales: Eastern New Mexico University Library (1962).

Santa Fe: New Mexico State Library (1960) -REGIONAL.

Supreme Court Law Library (unknown).

Silver City: Western New Mexico University, Miller Library

(1972).

NEW YORK

Albany:

New York State Library (unknown) - REGIONAL.

State University of New York at Albany Library (1964).

Auburn: Seymour Library (1972).

Bayside: Queensborough Community College Library (1972).

92
Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton

Library (1962).

Brockport: State University of New York, Drake Memorial

Library (1967). Bronx:Herbert H. Lehman College Library (1967).

New York Public Library, Mott Haven Branch (1973).

Bronxville: Sarah Lawrence College Library (1969).

Brooklyn:

Brooklyn College Library (1936).

Brooklyn Law School, Law Library (1974).

Brooklyn Public Library (1908).

Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Spicer Library (1963).

Pratt Institute Library (1 89 1 ). State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center

Library (1958).

Buffalo: Buffalo and Erie County Public Library (1895). State University of New York at Buffalo, Lockwood

Memorial Library (1963).

Canton: St. Lawrence University, Owen D. Young Library

(1920).

Corning: Corning Community College, Arthur A. Houghton, Jr. Library (1963).

Cortland: State University of New York, College at Cortland,

Memorial Library (1964). Delhi: State University Agricultural and Technical College

Library (1970).

Douglaston: Cathedral College Library (1971). East Islip: East Islip Public Library (1974).

Elmira: Elmira College, Gannett-Tripp Learning Center (1956).

Farmingdale: State University Agricultural and Technical Institute at Farmingdale Library (1917).

Flushing: Queens College, Paul Klapper Library (1939).

Garden City:

Adelphi University, Swirbul Library (1966).

Nassau Library System (1965).

Geneseo: State University College, Milne Library (1967).

Greenvale: C. W. Post College, B. Davis Schwartz Memorial

Library (1965).

Hamilton: Colgate University Library (1902).

Hempstead: Hofstra University Library (1964).

Ithaca: Cornell University Library (1907).

New York State Colleges of Agriculture and Home

Economics, Albert R. Mann Library (1943).

Jamaica:

Queens Borough Public Library (1926).

St. John's University Library (1956).

Kings Point: U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Library (1962).

Mount Vernon: Mount Vernon Public Library (1962).

New Paltz: State University College Library (1965).

New York City:

City University of New York, City College Library (1884).

College of Insurance, Ecker Library (1965).

Columbia University Libraries (1882).

Cooper Union Library (1930).

Fordham University Library (1937).

Medical Library Center of New York (1976).

New York Law Institute Library (1909).

New York Public Library (Astor Branch) (1907).

New York Public Library (Lenox Branch) (1884).

New York University Libraries (1967).

New York University, Law Library (1973). State University of New York, Maritime College Library

(1947).

Newburgh: Newburgh Free Library (1909).

Niagara Falls: Niagara Falls Public Library (1976).

Oakdale: Dowling College Library (1965).

Oneonta: State University College, James M. Milne Library

(1966).

Oswego: State University College, Penfield Library (1966).

Plattsburgh: State University College, Benjamin F. Feinberg

Library (1967).

Potsdam:

Clarkson College of Technology, Harriet Call Burnap

Memorial Library (1938). State University College, Frederick W. Crumb Memorial

Library (1964).

Poughkeepsie: Vassar College Library (1943).

Purchase: State University of New York, College at Purchase

Library (1969).

Rochester:

Rochester Public Library (1963).

Uni versity of Rochester Library (1880).

St. Bonaventure: St. Bonaventure College, Friedsam Memorial

Library (1938).

Saratoga Springs: Skidmore College Library ( 1 964).

Schenectady: Union College, Schaffer Library (1901).

Southampton: Southampton College Library (1973). Staten Island (Grymes Hill): Wagner College, Horrmann Libra- ry (1953).

Stony Brook: State University of New York at Stony Brook

Library (1963).

Syracuse: Syracuse University Library (1878).

Troy: Troy Public Library (1 869).

Utica: Utica Public Library (1 885).

West Point: U.S. Military Academy Library (unknown).

Yonkers:

Yonkers Public Library (1910).

Yorktown Heights: Mercy College at Fox Meadow Library.

NORTH CAROLINA

Asheville; University of North Carolina at Asheville, D. Hiden

Ramsey Library (1965).

Boiling Springs: Gardner-Webb College, Dover Memorial

Library (1974).

Boone: Appalachian State University Library (1963).

Buies Creek: Campbell College, Carrie Rich Memorial Library

(1965).

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Library (1884) -REGIONAL.

Charlotte: Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County

(1964).

Queens College, Everette Library (1927).

University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Atkins Library

(1964).

Cullowhee: Western Carolina University, Hunter Library

(1953).

Davidson: Davidson College, Hugh A. & Jane Grey Memorial

Library (1893).

Durham:

Duke University, William R. Perkins Library (1 890).

North Carolina Central University, James E. Shepard

Memorial Library (1973).

Elon College: Elon College Library (1971).

Fayetteville: Fayetteville State University, Chesnutt Library

(1971).

Greensboro:

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, F. D. Bluford Library (1937).

University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Walter Clin- ton Jackson Library (1963).

Greenville: East Carolina University, J. Y. Joyner Library

(1951).

Laurinburg: St. Andrews Presbyterian College, DeTamble

Library (1969).

Lexington: Davidson County Public Library System (1971).

93
Mount Olive: Mount Olive College, Moye Library ( 1 97 1 ). Murfreesboro: Chowan College, Whitaker Library (1963).

Pembroke: Pembroke State University Library (1965).

Raleigh:

North Carolina State Library (unknown).

North Carolina State University, D. H. Hill Library (1923).

North Carolina Supreme Court Library (1972).

Wake County Public Libraries (1969).

Rocky Mount: North Carolina Wesleyan College Library (1969).

Salisbury: Catawba College Library (1925).

Wilmington: University of North Carolina at Wilmington,

William M. Randall Library (1965).

Wilson: Atlantic Christian College. Clarence L. Hardy Library

(1930).

Winston-Salem:

Forsyth County Public Library System (1954).

Wake Forest University, Z. Smith Reynolds Library (1902).

NORTH DAKOTA

Bismarck:

State Historical Society of North Dakota (1907).

North Dakota State Law Library (unknown).

State Library Commission Library (1971). Veterans Memorial Public Library (1967).

Dickinson: Dickinson State College Library (1968).

Fargo:

Fargo Public Library (1964).

North Dakota State University Library (1907) -REGIONAL, in cooperation with University of North

Dakota, Chester Fritz Library at Grand Forks.

Grand Forks: University of North Dakota, Chester Fritz Library (1890).

Minot: Minot State College, Memorial Library (1925).

Valley City: State College Library (1913).

OHIO

Ada: Ohio Northern University, J. P. Taggart Law Library

(1965).

Akron:

Akron Public Library (1952).

University of Akron Library (1963). Alliance: Mount Union College Library ( 1 888).

Ashland: Ashland College Library (1938).

Athens: Ohio University Library (1886).

Batavia: Clermont General and Technical College Library

(1973).

Bluffton: Bluffton College, Musselman Library (1951).

Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Library (1933).

Canton: Malone College, Everett L. Cattell Library (1970).

Chardon: Geauga County Public Library (1971).

Cincinnati:

Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County (1884).

University of Cincinnati Library (1929).

Cleveland:

Case Western Reserve University, Freiberger Library

(1913).

Cleveland Heights-University Heights Public Library

(1970).

Cleveland Public Library (1886).

Cleveland State University Library (1966).

John Carroll University, Grasselli Library (1963).

Municipal Reference Library (1970).

Columbus:

Capital University Library (1968).

Columbus Public Library (1 885).

Ohio State Library (unknown) - REGIONAL.

Ohio State University Library (1907).

Ohio Supreme Court Law Library (1973).

Dayton:

Dayton and Montgomery County Public Library (1909).

University of Dayton, Albert Emanuel Library (1969).

Wright State University Library (1965).

Delaware: Ohio Wesleyan University, L. A. Beeghly Library

(1845).

Elyria: Elyria Public Library ( 1 966).

Findlay: Findlay College, Shafer Library (1969).

Gambler: Kenyon College Library (1873).

Granville: Denison University Library (1884).

Hiram: Hiram College, Teachout-Price Memorial Library

(1874). Kent: Kent State University Library (1962).

Marietta: Marietta College, Dawes Memorial Library ( 1 884).

Middletown: Miami University at Middletown, Gardner-Harvey

Library (1970).

New Concord: Muskingum College Library (1966).

Oberlin: Oberlin College Library (1858).

Oxford: Miami University, Alumni Library (1909).

Portsmouth: Portsmouth Public Library (unknown).

Rio Grande: Rio Grande College, Jeanette Albiez Davis Library

(1966).

Springfield: Warder Public Library (1884).

Steubenville:

College of Steubenville, Starvaggi Memorial Library (1971).

Public Library of Steubenville and Jefferson County (1950).

Tiffm: Heidelberg College, Beeghly Library (1964).

Toledo:

Toledo-Lucas County Public Library (1884).

University of Toledo Library (1963).

Westerville: Otterbein College, Centennial Library (1967).

Wooster: College of Wooster, the Andrews Library (1966).

Youngstown:

Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County

(1923).

Youngstown State University Library (1971).

OKLAHOMA

Ada: East Central State College, Linscheid Library (1914).

Alva: Northwestern State College Library (1907).

Bartlesville: United States ERDA-BERC Library (1962).

Bethany: Bethany Nazarene College, R. T. Williams Library

(1971). Durant: Southeastern State College Library (1929).

Edmond: Central State University Library (1934).

Enid: Public Library of Enid and Garfield County (1908).

Langston: Langston University, G. Lamar Harrison Library

(1941).

Muskogee: Muskogee Public Library (1971).

Norman: University of Oklahoma Libraries (1893).

Oklahoma City:

Oklahoma County Libraries ( 1 974).

Oklahoma City University Library (1963).

Oklahoma Department of Libraries (1893) -REGIONAL.

Shawnee: Oklahoma Baptist University Library (1933).

Stillwater: Oklahoma State University Library (1907).

Tahlequah: Northeastern State College, John Vaughan Library

(1923).

Tulsa:

Tulsa City-County Library (1963).

University of Tulsa, McFarlin Library (1929).

Weatherford: Southwestern Oklahoma State University, AI

Harris Library (1958).

94
OREGON

Ashland: Southern Oregon College Library (1953).

Corvallis: Oregon State University Library (1907).

Eugene: University of Oregon Library (1883). Forest Grove: Pacific University Library (1897).

La Grande: Eastern Oregon College, Walter M. Pierce Library

(1954).

McMinnville: Linfield College, Northup Library (1965).

Monmouth: Oregon College of Education Library (1967). Portland: Department of the Interior, Bonneville Power Administration Library (1962).

Lewis and Clark College, Aubrey R. Watzek Library

(1967).

Library Association of Portland ( 1 884).

Portland State University Library (1963) -REGIONAL.

Reed College Library (1912).

Salem:

Oregon State Library (unknown).

Oregon Supreme Court Library (1974).

Willamette University Library (1969).

PENNSYLVANIA

Allentown: Muhlenberg College, Haas Library (1939).

Allegheny: Alleghany County Law Library (1977).

Altoona: Altoona Public Library (1969).

Bethlehem: Lehigh University, Linderman Library (1876).

Blue Bell: Montgomery County Community College, Learning

Resources Center Library ( 1 975).

Carlisle: Dickinson College, Boyd Lee Spahr Library (1947).

Cheyney: Cheyney State College, Leslie Pinckney Hill Library

(1947).

Collegeville: Ursinus College, Myrin Library (1963).

Doylestown: Bucks County Free Library, Center County Library (1970). East Stroudsburg: East Stroudsburg State College, Kemp Library (1966).

Erie: Erie Public Library ( 1 897).

Greenville: Thiel College, Langenheim Memorial Library

(1963).

Harrisburg: State Library of Pennsylvania (unknown) — REGIONAL.

Haverford: Haverford College Library (1897).

Hazleton: Hazleton Area Public Library (1964).

Indiana: Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Rhodes R. Stabley

Library (1962).

Johnstown: Cambria Public Library (1965). Lancaster: Franklin and Marshall College, Fackenthal Library

(1895).

Lewisburg: Bucknell University, Ellen Clarke Bertrand Library

(1963).

Mansfield: Mansfield State College Library ( 1968).

Meadville: Allegheny College, Reis Library (1907).

Millersville: Millersville State College, Ganser Library (1966).

Monessen: Monessen Public Library (1969).

New Castle: New Castle Free Public Library (1963).

Newtown: Bucks County Community College Library (1968).

Norristown: Montgomery County-Norristown Public Library

(1969).

Philadelphia:

Drexel University Library (1963). Free Library of Philadelphia (1897).

St. Joseph's College Library ( 1 974).

Temple University, Samuel Paley Library (1947). U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit (1 973).

University of Pennsylvania, Biddle Law Library ( 1 974).

University of Pennsylvania Library (1 886).

Pittsburgh:

Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh Research Center Library

(1962).

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, Allegheny Regional Branch

(1924).

Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh (1895).

La Roche College, John J. Wright Library (1974).

University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Library (1910).

Pottsville: Pottsville Free Public Library (1967).

Reading: Reading Public Library (1901). Scranton: Scranton Public Library (1895).

Shippensburg: Shippensburg State College, Ezra Lehman

Memorial Library (1973).

Slippery Rock: Slippery Rock State College, Maltby Library

(1965).

Swarthmore: Swarthmore College Library (1923).

University Park: Pennsylvania State University Library (1907).

Villanova: Villanova University, School of Law Library (1964).

Warren: Warren Library Association, Warren Public Library

(1885).

Washington: Washington and Jefferson College, Memorial

Library (1884).

Waynesburg: Waynesburg College Library (1 964).

West Chester: West Chester State College, Francis Harvey

Green Library (1967).

Wilkes-Barre: King's College, Corgan Library (1949).

Williamsport: Lycoming College Library ( 1 970).

York: York Junior College Library (1963).

Youngwood: Westmoreland County Community College,

Learning Resource Center (1972).

PUERTO RICO

Mayaguez: University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus

Library (1928). Ponce: Catholic University of Puerto Rico Library (1966).

Rio Piedras: University of Puerto Rico General Library (1928).

RHODE ISLAND

Kingston: University of Rhode Island Library (1907).

Newport: Naval War College Library (1963).

Providence:

Brown University, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library (unknown).

Providence College, Phillips Memorial Library (1969).

Providence Public Library (1884).

Rhode Island College Library (1965).

Rhode Island State Library (before 1895).

Warwick: Warwick Public Library (1966).

Westerly: Westerly Public Library (1909).

Woonsocket: Woonsocket Harris Public Library (1977).

SOUTH CAROLINA

Charleston:

Baptist College at Charleston Library (1967).

College of Charleston Library ( 1 869).

The Citadel Memorial Library (1962).

Clemson: Clemson University Library (1893).

Columbia:

Benedict College, Learning Resources Center (1969).

Richland County Public Library (1978).

South Carolina State Library (before 1895).

University of South Carolina Undergraduate Library

(1884).

Conway: University of South Carolina, Coastal Carolina Regional Campus Library (1974).

95
Due West: Erskine College, McCain Library ( 1 968).

Florence:

Florence County Library ( 1 967).

Francis Marion College, James A. Rogers Library (1970).

Greenville:

Furman University Library (1962).

Greenville County Library (1966).

Greenwood: Lander College Library (1967).

Orangeburg: South Carolina State College, Whittaker Library

(1953).

Rock Hill: Winthrop College Library (1 896).

Spartanburg: Spartanburg County Public Library (1967).

SOUTH DAKOTA

Aberdeen: Northern State College Library (1963).

Brookings: South Dakota State University, Lincoln Memorial

Library (1889).

Pierre: South Dakota State Library (1973).

Rapid City:

Rapid City Public Library (1963).

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Library

(1963).

Sioux Falls: Augustana College, Mikkelsen Library and Learning

Resources Center ( 1 969).

Sioux Falls Public Library (1903).

Spearfish: Black Hills State College Library (1942).

Vermillion: University of South Dakota, I. D. Weeks Library

(1889).

Yankton: Yankton College, Corliss Lay Library (1904).

TENNESSEE

Bristol: King College Library (1970).

Chattanooga:

Chattanooga-Hamilton County Bicentennial Library

(1907).

TVA Technical Library (1976).

Clarksville: Austin Peay State University, Felix G. Woodward

Library (1945).

Cleveland: Cleveland State Community College Library (1973).

Columbia: Columbia State Community College Library (1973).

Cookeville: Tennessee Technological University, Jere Whitson

Memorial Library (1969).

Jackson: Lambuth College, Luther L. Gobbel Library (1967). Jefferson City: Carson-Newman College Library (1964).

Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Sherrod Library

(1942).

Knoxville:

Public Library of Knoxville and Knox County, Lawson

McGhee Library (1973).

University of Tennessee Law Library (1971).

University of Tennessee Library (1907).

Martin: University of Tennessee at Martin Library (1957).

Memphis:

Memphis and Shelby County Public Library and Information Center (1896).

Memphis State University, John W. Brister Library (1966).

Murfreesboro: Middle Tennessee State University, Andrew L. Todd Library (1912).

Nashville:

Fisk University Library (1965).

Joint University Libraries (1884).

Public Library of Nashville and Davidson County (1884).

Tennessee State Law Library (1976).

Tennessee State Library and Archives, State Library Division (unknown).

Tennessee State University, Martha M. Brown Memorial

Library (1972).

Vanderbilt University Law Library (1976).

Sewanee: University of the South, Jesse Ball duPont Library

(1873).

TEXAS

Abilene: Hardin-Simmons University Library (1940).

Arlington:

AHington PubHc Library (1970).

University of Texas at Arlington Library (1963).

Austin:

Texas State Law Library (1972).

Texas State Library (unknown) — REGIONAL.

University of Texas at Austin Library (1884).

University of Texas, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public

Affairs Library (1966).

University of Texas, School of Law Library (1965).

Baytown: Lee College Library { 1 970).

Beaumont: Lamar University Library (1957).

Brownwood: Howard Payne College, Walker Memorial Library

(1964) . Canyon: West Texas State University Library (1928).

College Station: Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University

Library (1907).

Commerce: East Texas State University Library (1937).

Corpus Christi: Texas A&I University at Corpus Christi Library (1976).

Corsicana: Navarro Junior College Library (1965). Dallas: Bishop College, Zale Library (1966).

Dallas Baptist College Library (1967).

Dallas Public Library (1900).

Southern Methodist University, Fondren Library (1925).

University of Texas Health Science Center Library at Dallas (1975).

Denton: North Texas State University Library (1948).

Edinburg: Pan American University Library (1959). El Paso:

El Paso Public Library (1906).

University of Texas at El Paso Library (1966). Fort Worth:

Fort Worth Public Library (1905).

Texas Christian University, Mary Couts Burnett Library

(1916).

Galveston: Rosenberg Library (1909).

Houston:

Houston Public Library (1884).

North Harris County College, Learning Resource Center

(1974).

Rice University, Fondren Library (1967).

University of Houston Library (1957).

Huntsville: Sam Houston State University, Estill Library

(1949).

Irving: Irving Municipal Library (1974).

Kingsville: Texas Arts and Industries University Library

(1944).

Lake Jackson: Brazosport College Library (1969).

Laredo: Laredo Junior College Library (1970).

Longview: Nicholson Memorial Public Library (1961).

Lubbock: Texas Tech University Library (1935) -REGIONAL.

Marshall: Wiley College, Cole Library ( 1 962).

Mesquite: Mesquite Public Library (1975).

Nacogdoches: Stephen F. Austin State University Library

(1965). Plainview: Wayland Baptist College, Van Howeling Memorial

Library (1963).

Richardson: University of Texas at Dallas Library (1972).

San Angelo: Angelo State University, Porter Henderson Library

(1964).

San Antonio:

San Antonio College Library (1972).

96
San Antonio Public Library, Business and Science Department (1899).

St. Mary's University Library (1964).

Trinity University Library (1964).

University of Texas at San Antonio Library (1973).

San Marcos: Southwest Texas State University Library (1955).

Seguin: Texas Lutheran College, Blumberg Memorial Library

(1970).

Sherman: Austin College, Arthur Hopkins Library (1963).

Texarkana: Texarkana Community College, Palmer Memorial

Library (1963). Victoria: University of Houston, Victoria Center Library

(1973).

Waco: Baylor University Library (1905).

Wichita Falls: Midwestern University, Moffett Library (1963).

UTAH

Cedar City: Southern Utah State College Library (1 964).

Ephraim: Snow College, Lucy A. Phillips Library (1963).

Logan: Utah State University, Merrill Library and Learning

Resources Center ( 1 907) - REGIONAL.

Ogden: Weber State College Library (1962). Provo:Brigham Young University, Lee Library (1908).

Brigham Young University Law Library (1972).

Salt Lake City:

Utah State Supreme Court Law Library (1975).

University of Utah, Eccles Medical Sciences Library

(1970).

University of Utah, Law Library ( 1 966).

University of Utah, Marriott Library (1893).

Utah State Library Commission, Documents Library (unknown).

VERMONT

Burlington: University of Vermont, Bailey Library (1907). Castleton: Castleton State College, Calvin Coolidge Library

(1969).

Johnson: Johnson State College, John Dewey Library (1955).

Lyndonville: Lyndon State College, Samuel Reed Hall Library

(1969).

Middlebury: Middlebury College, Egbert Starr Library (1884).

Montpelier: Vermont Department of Libraries (before 1895),

Northfield: Norwich University Library (1908).

Putney: Windham College, Dorothy Culbertson Marvin

Memorial Library (1965).

VIRGIN ISLANDS

Charlotte Amalie (St. Thomas): College of the Virgin Islands,

Ralph M. Paiewonsky Library (1973).

St. Thomas Public Library (1968).

Christiansted (St. Croix): Christiansted Public Library (1974).

VIRGINIA

Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Newman Library

(1907).

Bridgewater: Bridgewater College, Alexander Mack Memorial

Library (1902).

Charlottesville; University of Virginia, Alderman Library (1910) -REGIONAL.

University of Virginia Law Library (1964).

Chesapeake: Chesapeake Public Library System (1970).

Danville: Danville Community College Library (1969).

Emory: Emory and Henry College Library (1884).

Fairfax: George Mason University, Fenwick Library (1960).

Fredericksburg: Mary Washington College, E. Lee Trinkle

Library (1940).

Hampden-Sydney: Hampden-Sydney College, Eggleston Library(1891).

Harrisonburg: Madison College, Madison Memorial Library

(1973).

Hollins College: HoUins College, Fishburn Library (1967).

Lexington:

Virginia Military Institute, Preston Library (1874).

Washington and Lee University, Cyrus Hall McCormick

Library (1910). Martinsville: Patrick Henry Community College Library (1971).

Norfolk:

Armed Forces Staff College Library (1963).

Norfolk Public Library (1 895).

Old Dominion University Library (1963).

Petersburg: Virginia State College, Johnston Memorial Library

(1907).

Quantico:

Federal Bureau of Investigation Academy Library (1970).

Marine Corps Schools, James Carson Breckinridge Library

(1967). Reston: Department of the Interior, Geological Survey Library

(1962).

Richmond:

State Law Library (1 973).

University of Richmond, Boatwright Memorial Library

(1900). U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit Library (1973).

Virginia Commonwealth University, James Branch Cabell

Library (1971).

Virginia State Library (unknown).

Roanoke: Roanoke Public Library (1964).

Salem: Roanoke College Library (1886).

Williamsburg: William and Mary College Library (1936).

Wise: Clinch Valley College, John Cook Wyllie Library (1971).

WASHINGTON

Bellingham: Western Washington State College, Wilson Library

(1963).

Cheney: Eastern Washington State College Library (1966).

Ellensburg: Central Washington State College Library (1962). Everett: Everett Public Library (1914).

Olympia:

Evergreen State College Library (1972).

Washington State Library (unknown) —REGIONAL.

Port Angeles: North Olympic Library System (1965).

Pullman: Washington State University Library (1907).

Seattle: Seattle Public Library (1908).

University of Washington Library (1890).

University of Washington, School of Law Library (1969).

Spokane: Spokane Public Library (1910).

Tacoma:

Tacoma Public Library ( 1 894).

University of Puget Sound, Collins Memorial Library

(1938).

Vancouver: Fort Vancouver Regional Library (1962).

Walla Walla: Whitman College, Penrose Memorial Library

(1890).

97
WEST VIRGINIA WYOMING

Athens: Concord College Library (1924).

Bluefield: Bluefield State College Library (1972). Charleston: Kanawha County Public Library (1952).

West Virginia College Graduate Studies (1977).

West Virginia Library Commission (unknown).

West Virginia Supreme Court Law Library (1977). Elkins: Davis and Elkins College Library (1913).

Fairmont: Fairmont State College Library (1884). Glenville: Glenville State College, Robert F. Kidd Library

(1966).

Huntington: Marshall University Library (1925).

Institute: West Virginia State College Library (1907).

Morgantown: West Virginia University Library (1907)-REGIONAL.

Salem: Salem College Library (1921).

Shepherdstown: Shepherd College Library (1971).

Weirton: Mary H. Weir Public Library (1963).

Casper: Natrona County Public Library (1929).

Cheyenne:

Wyoming State Law Library (1977).

Wyoming State Library (unknown)-REGIONAL.

Laramie: University of Wyoming, Coe Library (1907).

Powell::Northwest Community College Library (1967).

Riverton: Central Wyoming College Library (1969).

Rock Springs: Western Wyoming College Library (1969).

Sheridan: Sheridan College, Mary Brown Kooi Library (1963).

WISCONSIN

Appleton; Lawrence University, Seeley G. Mudd Library

(1869).

Beloit: Beioit College Libraries (1888).

Eau Claire: University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, William D. Mclntyre Library (195 1). Fond du Lac: Fond du Lac Public Library (1966).

Green Bay: University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Library

(1968).

La Crosse: La Crosse Public Library (1883).

University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Murphy Library

(1965).

Madison:

Department of Public Instruction, Division for Library Services, Reference and Loan Library (1965).

Madison Public Library (1965). State Historical Society Library (1870) -REGIONAL, in cooperation with University of Wisconsin, Memorial

Library.

University of Wisconsin, Memorial Library (1939).

Wisconsin State Library (unknown).

Milwaukee:

Alverno College Library ( 1 97 1 ). Milwaukee County Law Library (1934).

Milwaukee Public Library (1861) -REGIONAL.

Mount Mary College Library (1964).

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Library (1960).

Oshkosh: University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Forrest R. Polk

Library (1956).

Platteville: University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Elton S. Karrmann Library (1964).

Racine: Racine Public Library (1898).

River Falls: University of Wisconsin-River Falls, Chalmer

Davee Library (1962). Stevens Point: University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Learning Resources Center (1951).

Superior:

Superior Public Library ( 1 908).

University of Wisconsin-Superior, Jim Dan Hill Library

(1935).

Waukesha: Waukesha Public Library (1966).

Wausau: Marathon County Public Library (1971).

Whitewater: University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Harold Andersen Library (1963).

98
APPENDIX B. LIST OF FIELD OFFICES OF THE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

ALABAMA

Birmingham — Gayle C. Shelton, Jr., Director, Suite 200-20 1

, 908 South 20th

Street 35205, Area Code 205 Tel 254-

133 1,FTS 229-1331

ALASKA

** Anchorage— Sara L. Haslett, Director,

412 Hill Building, 632 Sixth Avenue

99501 , Area Code 907 Tel 265-5307

ARIZONA

Phoenix- Donald W. Fry, Director, 508

Greater Arizona Savings Building, 1 12 North Central Avenue 85004, Area

Code 602 Tel 261-3285, FTS 261-3285

ARKANSAS

*Little Rock (Dallas, Texas District) - 1 100

North University, Suite 109 72207,

Area Code 501 Tel 378-5157, FTS 740-

5157

CALIFORNIA

Los Angeles— Eric C. Silberstein,

Director, Room 800, 11777 San

Vicente Boulevard 90049, Area Code

2 1 3 Tel 824-759 1 , FTS 799-759

1

*San Diego-233 A Street, Suite 310

92101, Area Code 714 Tel 293-5395,

FTS 895-5395

San Francisco— Philip M. Creighton,

Director, Federal Building, Box 36013,

450 Golden Gate Avenue 94102, Area

Code 415 Tel 556-5860, FTS 556-5868

COLORADO

Denver— Norman Lawson, Director,

Room 165, New Customhouse, 19th &

Stout Street 80202, Area Code 303 Tel

837-3246, FTS 327-3246

CONNECTICUT

Hartford— Richard C. Kilbourn, Director,

Room 610-B, Federal Office Building,

450 Main Street 06103, Area Code 203

Tel 244-3530, FTS 244-3530

FLORIDA

Miami — Roger J. LaRoche, Director,

Room 821, City National Bank Building, 25 West Flagler Street 33 1 30, Area

Code 305 Tel 350-5267, FTS 350-5267

*Clearwater— 128 North Osceola Avenue

33515, Area Code813 Tel 446-4081

*Jacksonville-604 North Hogan Street

32202, Area Code 904 Tel 791-2796,

FTS 946-2796

*Tallahassee- Collins Building, Rm. G-20

32304, Area Code 904 Tel 488-6469.

FTS 946-4320

GEORGIA

Atlanta — David S. Williamson, Director,

Suite 600, 1365 Peachtree Street, N.E.

30309, Area Code 404 Tel 526-6000,

FTS 285-6000

Savannah— James W. Mclntire. Director,

235 U.S. Courthouse & P.O. Building,

125-29 Bull Street 31402, Area Code

912 Tel 232-4321, Ext. 204, FTS 287-

4204

HAWAII

Honolulu— John S. Davies, Director, 286

Alexander Young Building, 1015

Bishop Street 96813, Area Code 808

Tel 546-8694

IDAHO

*Boise (Portland, Oregon District)—P.O. Box 9366, 83707, Area Code 208 Tel

342-2711, FTS 588-2326

ILLINOIS

Chicago— Gerald M. Marks, Director,

1406 Mid Continental Plaza Building, 55 East Monroe Street 60603, Area

Code 3 12 Tel 353-4450, FTS 353-6957

INDIANA

Indianapolis— Mel R. Sherar, Director,

357 U.S. Courthouse & Federal Office

Building, 46 East Ohio Street 46204,

Area Code 3 1 7 Tel 269-62 14, FTS 331-

6214

IOWA

Des Moines— Jesse N. Durden, Director,

609 Federal Building, 210 Walnut

Street 50309, Area Code 515 Tel 284-

4222, FTS 862-4222

KANSAS

* Wichita (St. Louis, Missouri District) --

Wichita State University, Clinton Hall,

Room 341, 67208, Area Code 316 Tel

267-6160, FTS 752-6160

KENTUCKY

*Frankfort (Memphis, Tennessee

District) — Capitol Plaza Office Tower,

Room 2332, 40601 , Area Code 502 Tel

875-4421

LOUISIANA

New Orleans— Edwin A. Leland, Jr., Director, 432 International Trade Mart,

No. 2 Canal Street 70130, Area Code

504 Tel 589-6546, FTS 682-6546

MAINE

*Portland (Boston, Massachusetts District)- — Maine State Pier, 40 Commercial

Street 041 11, Area Code 207 Tel 775-

3131,FTS833-3236

MARYLAND

Baltimore — Carroll F. Hopkins, Director,

415 U.S. Customhouse, Gay and Lombard Streets 21202, Area Code 301 Tel

962-3560, FTS 922-3560

MASSACHUSETTS

Boston— Richard F. Treadway, Director, 10th Floor, 441 Stuart Street 02116,

Area Code 61 7 Tel 223-23 12, FTS 223-

2312

MICHIGAN

Detroit -William L. Welch, Director, 445

Federal Building, 231 West Lafayette

48226, Area Code 313 Tel 226-3650,

FTS 226-3650

*Ann Arbor — Graduate School of Busi- ness Administration, University of

Michigan Room 288,48105, Area Code

3 13 Tel 994-3297, FTS 374-5638

*Grand Rapids- 17 Fountain Street N.W.

49503, Area Code 616 Tel 455-

241 1/33, FTS 372-241 1

MINNESOTA

Minneapolis — Glenn A. Matson, Director,

218 Federal Building. 1 10 South Fourth

Street 55401, Area Code 612 Tel 725-

2133, FTS 725-2133

MISSISSIPPI

Jackson (Birmingham, Alabama District)

—P.O. Box 849, 2003 Walter Sillers Building 39205, Area Code 601 Tel

99969-4388, FTS 490-4388

MISSOURI

St. Louis— Donald R. Loso, Director, 120

South Central Avenue 63105, Area

Code 314 Tel 425-3302-4, FTS 279-

3302

*Kansas City- Room 1840,601 East 12th

Street 64106, Area Code 816 Tel 374-

3 142, FTS 758-3 142

99
MONTANA

*Butte (Cheyenne, Wyoming District) - 2 1

0

Miners Bank Building, Park Street 59701, Area Code 406 Tel 723-6561,

Ext. 2317, FTS 585-2317

NEBRASKA

Omaha- George H. Payne, Director,

Capitol Plaza. Suite 703A, 1815 Capitol

Avenue 68 1 02 , Area Code 402 Tel 22 1 -

3665, FTS 864-3665

NEVADA

Reno-Joseph J. Jeremy, Director, 2028

Federal Building, 300 Booth Street 89502, Area Code 702 Tel 784-5203,

FTS 598-5203

NEW JERSEY

Newark -Clifford R. Lincoln, Director,

4th Floor, Gateway Building, Market

Street & Penn Plaza 07102, Area Code

201 Tel 645-6214, FTS 341-6214

NEW MEXICO

Albuquerque— William E. Dwyer,

Director, 505 Marquette Ave., NW,

Suite 1015, 87102, Area Code 505 Tel

766-2386, FTS 474-2386

NEW YORK

Buffalo- Robert F. Magee, Director,

1312 Federal Building, 1 1 1 West Huron

Street 14202, Area Code 716 Tel 842-

3208, FTS 432-3208

New YorH— Arthur C. Rutzen, Director,

37th Floor, Federal Office Building, 26

Federal Plaza, Foley Square 10007,

Area Code 2 12 Tel 264-0634, FTS 264-

0600

NORTH CAROLINA

Greensboro— Joel B. New, Director, 203

Federal Building, West Market Street, P.O. Box 1950 27402, Area Code 919

Tel 378-5345, FTS 699-5345

*AsheviIIe-151 Haywood Street 28802,

Area Code 704 Tel 254- 1 98 1 , FTS 672-

0342

OHIO

Cincinnati — Gordon B. Thomas, Director,

10504 Federal Office Building, 550

Main Street 45202, Area Code 513 Tel

684-2944. FTS 684-2944

Cleveland — Charles B. Stebbins, Director,

Room 600, 666 Euclid Avenue 441 14, Area Code 216 Tel 522-4750, FTS 293-

4750

OKLAHOMA

*Oklahoma City (Dallas, Texas District)

—4020 Lincoln Boulevard 73105,

Area Code 405 Tel 231-5302, FTS 736- 5302

OREGON

**Portland— LLoyd R. Porter, Director,

Room 618, 1220 S.W. 3rd Avenue

97204, Area Code 503 Tel 221-3001,

FTS 423-3001

PENNSYLVANIA

Philadelphia— Patrick P. McCabe,

Director, 9448 Federal Building, 600

Arch Street 19106, Area Code 215 Tel

597-2850, FTS 597-2866

Pittsburgh— Newton Heston, Jr., Director, 2002 Federal Building, 1000

Liberty Avenue 15222, Area Code 412

Tel 644-2850, FTS 722-2850

PUERTO RICO

San Juan (Hato Rey) — Enrique Vilella,

Director, Room 659-Federal Building

00918. Area Code 809 Tel 763-6363

Ext. 555, FTS 759-7040/45

RHODE ISLAND

*Providenee (Boston, Massachusetts Distr- ict)-! Weybossett Hill 02903, Area

Code 401 Tel 277-2605, Ext. 22, FTS

838-4482

SOUTH CAROLINA

Columbia— Philip A. Ouzts, Director,

2611 Forest Drive, Forest Center

29204, Area Code 803 Tel 765-5345,

FTS 677-5345

*Charleston — Suite 63 1 , Federal Building,

334 Meeting Place 29403, Area Code

803 Tel 577-4361 , FTS 677-4361

TENNESSEE

Memphis— Bradford H. Rice, Director,

Room 710, 147 Jefferson Avenue

38103, Area Code 901 Tel 521-3213,

FTS 222-321

3

*Nashville— Room 1004, Andrew Jackson

Office Building 37219, Area Code 615

Tel 749-5161, FTS 852-5161

TEXAS

Dallas — C. Carmon Stiles, Director,

Room 7A5, 1100 Commerce Street, 75242, Area Code 214 Tel 749-1515,

FTS 749-1513

Houston— Felicito C. Guerrero, Director,

2625 Federal Building, Courthouse, 5 15 Rusk Street 77002, Area Code 713 Tel

226-4231, FTS 527-4231

*San Antonio— University of Texas at San

Antonio, Division of School of Continuing Education 78285, Area Code 512

Tel 227-9 147

UTAH

Salt Lake City— George M. Blessing, Jr., Director, 1203 Federal Building, 125

South State Street 84138, Area Code

801 Tel 524-5 116, FTS 588-5 1 16

VIRGINIA

Richmond — Weldon W. Tuck, Director,

8010 Federal Building, 400 North 8th

Street 23240, Area Code 804 Tel 782-

2246, FTS 925-2246

WASHINGTON

Seattle— J udson S. Wonderly, Director,

Room 706, Lake Union Building, 1700

Westlake Avenue North 98109, Area

Code 206 Tel 442-5615, FTS 399-5615

WEST VIRGINIA

Charleston— J. Raymond DePaulo,

Director, 3000 New Federal Office

Building, 500 Quarrier Street 25301,

Area Code 304 Tel 343-6181 , Ext. 375,

FTS 924-1375

WISCONSIN

Milwaukee— Russell H. Leitch, Director,

Federal Bldg/U.S. Courthouse, 517

East Wisconsin Avenue 53202, Area

Code 414 Tel 224-3473, FTS 362-3473

WYOMING

Cheyenne— Lowell O. Burns, Director,

6022 O'Mahoney Federal Center, 2120

Capitol Avenue 82001, Area Code 307

Tel 778-2220, Ext. 2151, FTS 328-

2151

*Denotes Satellite Office

**Denotes Change

100
APPENDIX C. CBT PUBLICATION ORDER NUMBERS AND PRICE LIST

The National Bureau of Standards, Center for Building

Technology (CBT) publications are available from the Government Printing Office, (GPO) or the National Technical Information S-jrvice (NTIS). The following table lists the

CBT publication numbers, the SD Catalog No. (if available from GPO) or the Order No. (if available from NTIS,) and the most recent price of each document. Page iv provides complete

instruction on how to obtain publications.

BUILDING SCIENCE SERIES

Government Printing

Office

National Technical

Information Service

Government Printing

Office

National Technical

Information

Publication

Number

SD Catalog No. Price Order No. Price

Publication

Number SD Catalog No. Price Order No. Price

84

102

105 108 109

110

111

SN 003-003-01687-0 $3.50

SN 003-003-01863-5 $2.30

SN 003-003-01885-6 $3.00

SN 003-003-02026-5 $3.00

SN 003-003-01892-9 $2.75

SN 003-003-01888-1 $2.75

SN 003-003-01934-8 $3.25

112

113 114

116

SN 003-003-01936-4 $2.50

SN 003-003-0 1980-1 $2.75

SN 003-003-01952-6 $2.30

SN 003-003-01992-5 $2.50

TECHNICAL NOTES

710-8 SN 003-003-01897-0 $2.30 974 SN 003-003-01945-3 $1.40 710-9 SN 003-003-01 898-8 $1.60 975 SN 003-003-01959-3 $3.00

710-10 SN 003-003-01896-1 $2.40 976 SN 003-003-01937-2 $2.40

965 SN 003-003-01944-5 $2.40 977 SN 003-003-01940-2 $2.30

966 SN 003-003-01963-1 $2.20 982 SN 003-003-01976-3 $2.50

970 SN 003-003-01974-7 $2.50 984 SN 003-003-01 982-8 $1.70

972 SN 003-003-01-954-2 S2.30 990 SN 003-003-02001-0 $2.50

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

457-2 SN 003-003-01962-3 $3.25 516 SN 003-003-01957-7 $1.60

499 SN 003-003-01870-8 $2.40 518 SN 003-003-01960 $6.00

504 SN 003-003-01887-2 $2.40 523 SN 003-003-01979-8 $6.75

510 SN 003-003-01939-9 $6.75 524 SN 003-003-01990-9 $2.75

512 SN 003-003-01929-1 $2.20 530 SN 003-003-01971-2 $3.75

515 SN 003-003-01953^ $6.50

HANDBOOKS

124 SN 003-003-01811-2 $1.60

101
NBS INTERAGENCY REPORTS

Government Printing National Technical Government Printing National Technical

Ofllce Information Service vflllCc Information Service

Publication

Number

SD Catalog No. Price Order No. Price

Publication

Number sU Catalog INo. Price Order No. Price

/ /-IZ3o A041668 $13.00 PB 283722 $ 4.50

/ / - 1 z4

/

PB 280182 $ 7.25 70 \ All PB 28471

1

$ 5.25

/ /-Iz / 1 PB 280107 $ 6.00 70 i/ion PB 284819 $ 4.50

/ /-I3U0 PB 276531 $ 4.50 70 PB 286096 $ 4.50

/ /-I J 14 PB 273305 $ 6.50 70 1 CAT PB 284685 $ 9.25 PB 280071 $ 5.25 70 1 CAO /0-I5U6 PB 284956 $ 4.50

/ /-!3oo PB 276747 $ 4.50 70 \ C\

A

/O-l J 14 PB 289272 $ 7.25

1 inn PB 275390 $ 6.00 70 1 /8-15zD PB 289927 $ 5.25

/ /-I4UZ PB 275410 $ 5.25 70 1 <7g PB 287405 $ 5.25

/ /-I4Uj PB 283011 $ 4.50 70 1 7/O-l 532 PB 287772 $ 4.50

/ /-I41 1 PB 279403 $ 6.00 IQ 1 < T < PB 289729 $ 4.50 11 1/111

/ /-14 1

J

PB 280113 $ 7.25 70 1 c 17 /O-l jj

/

PB 288857 $ 4.50 77-1437 PB 280114 $ 5.25 78-1542 PB 287410 $ 6.00

78-1 143 A PB 283237 $ 5.25 78-1543 PB 289484 $ 6.50

78-1 305A PB 283721 $ 5.25 78-1548 PB 288793 $ 5.25 78-1395 PB 289783 $ 6.00 78-1549 PB 288762 $ 4.50 78-1449 PB 281563 $ 4.00 78-1554 PB 281797 $ 5.25 78-1463 PB 281828 $ 5.25 78-1562 PB 289813 $ 6.50 78-1466 PB 282254 $ 5.25 78-1563 PB 289967 $ 4.50 78-1471 PB 284461 $ 4.50 78-1568 PB 291441 $ 5.25

GOVERNMENT CONTRACT REPORTS

77-104 PB 276102 $ 5.25 77-125 PB 280025 $ 6.00 77-107 PB 275524 $ 9.00 77-130 PB 285260 $19.00 77-109 PB 275576 $ 6.00 77-139 PB 287801 $ 6.50 77-123 PB 279091 $10.75

102
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBS SP 457-3

2.Gov't. Accession No. 5. R«efpje«t'3 AcCASs-ion No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS

Supplement 3: 1978

5. Publication Daie

July 1979

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

J. Debelius, Editor

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Onit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

12, SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS rSfreet, City, st<ite, ZIP)

NBS

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Supplement 1978

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 79-600099

Q Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most sigriificant information. It document includes a significant bibliograptiy or

literature survey, mention it here.)

This report presents the National Bureau of Standards' (NBS) Center for

Building Technology (CBT) publications for 1978. It is a supplement to

Special Publication 457, Building Technology Publications 1965-1975 , and

covers the period "f^rom January 1, 1978 to December 31, 1978. It includes

an abstract of each NBS publication, titles and abstracts of papers published

in non-NBS media, key word and author indexes, and general information and

instructions on how to order CBT publications.

This report provides the primary means of communicating the results of

CBT programs to its varied technical audiences, as well as to the general

public. Publications constitute a major end product of CBT's efforts and

in 1978 appeared in several NBS publication series (Building Science

Series, Technical Notes, Special Publications, Handbooks, and NBS

Interagency Reports).

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper nam^s separated by semicolons) Abstracts, Center for Building Technology; key words;

publications.

18. AVAILABILITY Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

^2 Order From Sup. of Doc, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wasfiington, DC

2 0402, SD Stock No. SN003-003-02096-6

I I Order From National Teciinical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield,

VA. 22161

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCLASSIFIED

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(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

21. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

106

22. Price

$4.00

USCOMM-DC

NBS TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

PERIODICALS

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH—The Journal of Research

of the National Bureau of Standards reports NBS research

and development in those disciplines of the physical and

engineering sciences in which the Bureau is active. These

include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and

computer sciences. Papers cover a broad range of subjects,

with major emphasis on measurement methodology, and

the basic technology underlying standardization. Also in- cluded from time to time are survey articles on topics closely

related to the Bureau's technical and scientific programs. As

a special service to subscribers each issue contains complete

citations to all recent NBS publications in NBS and non- NBS media. Issued six times a year. Annual subscription:

domestic $17.00; foreign $21.25. Single copy, $3.00 domestic;

$3.75 foreign. Note: The Journal was formerly published in two sections: Section A "Physics and Chemistry" and Section B "Mathematical Sciences."

DIMENSIONS/NBS

This monthly magazine is published to inform scientists,

engineers, businessmen, industry, teachers, students, and

consumers of the latest advances in science and technology,

with primary emphasis on the work at NBS. The magazine

highlights and reviews such issues as energy research, fire protection, building technology, metric conversion, pollution

abatement, health and safety, and consumer product per- formance. In addition, it reports the results of Bureau pro- grams in measurement standards and techniques, properties

of matter and materials, engineering standards and services,

instrumentation, and automatic data processing.

Annual subscription: Domestic, $1 1.00; Foreign $13.75

NONPERIODICALS

Monographs—Major contributions to the technical liter- ature on various subjects related to the Bureau's scientific and technical activities. Handbooks—Recommended codes of engineering and industrial practice (including safety codes) developed in cooperation with interested industries, professional organizations,

and regulatory bodies.

Special Publications—Include proceedings of conferences

sponsored by NBS, NBS annual reports, and other special

publications appropriate to this grouping such as wall charts,

pocket cards, and bibliographies.

Applied Mathematics Series—Mathematical tables, manuals, and studies of special interest to physicists, engineers,

chemists, biologists, mathematicians, computer programmers,

and others engaged in scientific and technical work.

National Standard Reference Data Series—Provides quantitative data on the physical and chemical properties of

materials, compiled from the world's literature and critically evaluated. Developed under a world-wide program co- ordinated by NBS. Program under authority of National

Standard Data Act (Public Law 90-396).

NOTE: At present the principal publication outlet for these data is the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference

Data (JPCRD) published quarterly for NBS by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the American Institute of

Physics (AIP). Subscriptions, reprints, and supplements

available from ACS, 1155 Sixteenth St. N.W., Wash., D.C.

20056.

Building Science Series—Disseminates technical information

developed at the Bureau on building materials, components,

systems, and whole structures. The series presents research

results, test methods, and performance criteria related to the

structural and environmental functions and the durability

and safety characteristics of building elements and systems.

Technical Notes—Studies or reports which are complete in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a subject.

Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the subject area. Often

serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NBS under the sponsorship of other government agencies.

Voluntary Product Standards—Developed under procedures

published by the Department of Commerce in Part 10, Title 15, of the Code of Federal Regulations. The purpose

of the standards is to establish nationally recognized requirements for products, and to provide all concerned interests with a basis for common understanding of the characteristics of the products. NBS administers this program as a supplement to the activities of the private sector standardizing

organizations.

Consumer Information Series—Practical information, based on NBS research and experience, covering areas of interest to the consumer. Easily understandable language and

illustrations provide useful background knowledge for shopping in today's technological marketplace.

Order above NBS publications from: Superintendent of

Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Order following NBS publications—NBSIR's and FIPS from

the National Technical Information Services, Springfield, Va. 22161.

Federal Information Processing Standards Publications

(FIPS PUB)—Publications in this series collectively constitute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register.

Register serves as the official source of information in the

Federal Government regarding standards issued by NBS

pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended. Public Law 89-306 (79 Stat. 1127), and as implemented by Executive Order 11717

(38 FR 12315, dated May 11, 1973) and Part 6 of Title 15

CFR (Code of Federal Regulations).

NBS Interagency Reports (NBSIR)—A special series of

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In general, initial distribution is handled by the sponsor;

public distribution is by the National Technical Information

Services (Springfield, Va. 22161) in paper copy or microfiche

form.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES

The following current-awareness and literature-survey bibli- ographies are issued periodically by the Bureau:

Cryogenic Data Center Current Awareness Service. A litera- ture survey issued biweekly. Annual subscription: Domestic, $25.00; Foreign, $30.00.

Liquefied Natural Gas. A literature survey issued quarterly.

Annual subscription: $20.00.

Superconducting Devices and Materials. A literature survey

issued quarterly. Annual subscription: $30.00. Send subscription orders and remittances for the preceding bibliographic

services to National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Data

Center (736.00) Boulder, Colorado 80303.
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