U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Fiscal Year 2025 

Budget Summary
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

FISCAL YEAR 2025 BUDGET SUMMARY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. SUMMARY OF THE 2025 BUDGET REQUEST................................................................................ 6

K-12 Education .............................................................................................................................. 7

An Education Beyond High School.............................................................................................. 10

II. THE 2025 EDUCATION BUDGET BY PROGRAM AREA.......................................................................... 12

Elementary and Secondary Education......................................................................................... 12

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 12

Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies...................................................................... 14

Academic Acceleration and Achievement Grants............................................................... 14

Preschool Incentive Demonstration Program ...................................................................... 15

Full-Service Community Schools (FSCS)........................................................................... 15

21st Century Community Learning Centers........................................................................ 16

Supporting Effective Instruction State Grants..................................................................... 16

Teacher and School Leader Incentive Grants...................................................................... 16

Supporting Effective Educator Development (SEED) ........................................................ 17

School Safety National Activities........................................................................................ 17

Student Support and Academic Enrichment Grants ............................................................ 18

English Language Acquisition............................................................................................. 18

Promise Neighborhoods....................................................................................................... 18

Fostering Diverse Schools................................................................................................... 19

Magnet Schools Assistance ................................................................................................. 19
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Training and Advisory Services .......................................................................................... 19

Charter Schools Grants........................................................................................................ 20

Migrant Education ............................................................................................................... 20

Neglected, Delinquent, and At-Risk Students ..................................................................... 21

Education for Homeless Children and Youths..................................................................... 21

Rural Education ................................................................................................................... 21

Indian Education.................................................................................................................. 22

Native Hawaiian Education ................................................................................................. 23

Alaska Native Education ..................................................................................................... 23

State Assessments................................................................................................................ 23

Education Innovation and Research .................................................................................... 24

Comprehensive Literacy Development Grants.................................................................... 24

Innovative Approaches to Literacy...................................................................................... 24

American History and Civics Education.............................................................................. 25

Arts in Education ................................................................................................................. 25

Javits Gifted and Talented Education .................................................................................. 25

Ready to Learn Programming (RTL) ................................................................................... 26

Statewide Family Engagement Centers............................................................................... 26

Comprehensive Centers....................................................................................................... 26

Impact Aid ........................................................................................................................... 27

Supplemental Education Grants........................................................................................... 28

Special Education and Rehabilitation Services........................................................................... 28

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 28

Grants to States.................................................................................................................... 29

Preschool Grants.................................................................................................................. 29

Grants for Infants and Families ........................................................................................... 30
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State Personnel Development .............................................................................................. 30

Technical Assistance and Dissemination............................................................................. 31

Personnel Preparation .......................................................................................................... 31

Parent Information Centers.................................................................................................. 32

Educational Technology, Media, and Materials.................................................................. 32

Special Olympics Education Program................................................................................. 32

Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants................................................................................ 33

Client Assistance State Grants............................................................................................. 34

Training................................................................................................................................ 34

Demonstration and Training ................................................................................................ 34

Supported Employment State Grants................................................................................... 35

Independent Living Services for Older Blind Individuals................................................... 35

Protection and Advocacy of Individual Rights.................................................................... 35

Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults....................................... 36

Special Institutions for Persons with Disabilities ................................................................ 36

Career, Technical and Adult Education ...................................................................................... 37

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 37

Career and Technical Education .......................................................................................... 38

Adult Education ................................................................................................................... 39

Student Financial Assistance ....................................................................................................... 39

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 39

Student Aid Summary Table................................................................................................ 40

Aid Available to Students.................................................................................................... 41

Number of Student Aid Awards .......................................................................................... 42

Federal Pell Grant Program: Budget Authority ................................................................... 43

Federal Pell Grant Program: Maximum Grant..................................................................... 43
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Federal Pell Grant Program: Data........................................................................................ 43

Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants...................................................... 44

Federal Work-Study............................................................................................................. 45

Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grants................................................................................... 45

TEACH Grants .................................................................................................................... 46

Federal Family Education Loans and Direct Loans............................................................. 47

Direct Loans: New Loan Volume (Dollars)......................................................................... 48

Direct Loans: New Loan Volume (Numbers)...................................................................... 48

Free Community College, Tuition Subsidies, and Reducing the Costs of College ...................... 49

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 49

Free Community College..................................................................................................... 50

Advancing Affordability for Students ................................................................................. 50

Reducing the Costs of College Fund ................................................................................... 50

Higher Education Programs........................................................................................................ 51

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 51

Aid for Institutional Development....................................................................................... 53

Aid for Hispanic-Serving Institutions.................................................................................. 55

International Education and Foreign Language Studies (IEFLS)........................................ 56

Tribally Controlled Postsecondary Career and Technical Institutions ................................ 56

Special Programs for Migrant Students............................................................................... 57

Federal TRIO Programs....................................................................................................... 58

Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP) ......... 59

Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN)................................................ 59

Transition Programs for Students with Intellectual Disabilities into Higher Education 

(TPSID)........................................................................................................................... 59

Child Care Access Means Parents In School....................................................................... 60

Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education...................................................... 60
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Teacher Quality Partnership (TQP)..................................................................................... 61

Augustus F. Hawkins Centers of Excellence....................................................................... 61

Graduate Fellowships to Prepare Faculty in High-Need Areas at Colleges of Education... 61

Howard University............................................................................................................... 62

Academic Facilities ............................................................................................................. 62

Institute of Education Sciences.................................................................................................... 63

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 63

Research, Development, and Dissemination ....................................................................... 63

Statistics............................................................................................................................... 63

Regional Educational Laboratories...................................................................................... 64

Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 64

Research in Special Education............................................................................................. 64

Statewide Longitudinal Data Systems................................................................................. 65

Special Education Studies and Evaluations......................................................................... 65

IES Program Administration ............................................................................................... 65

Departmental Management ......................................................................................................... 66

Overview.............................................................................................................................. 66

Salaries and Expenses (S&E) Overview: Department Management................................... 67

III. APPENDIX............................................................................................................................................. 70
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“President Biden’s budget raises the bar in education by investing in evidence-based strategies and 

partnerships that will improve outcomes from cradle to career. With these investments, we can deliver an 

excellent education to all students, improve learning conditions, build pathways to college and careers, 

and increase postsecondary education affordability and access. By answering the President’s call to action, 

Congress would provide states and communities with invaluable resources to bolster a talented, diverse 

teaching workforce; expand access to multilingual programs; increase school-based mental health 

services; and meet the needs of students with disabilities. Through this budget, the President prioritizes 

fiscal responsibility while making bold strides to narrow opportunity and achievement gaps. I look forward 

to working alongside states, districts, and communities as they leverage these investments to promote 

access, opportunity, and excellence for all students.”

-Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona

I. SUMMARY OF THE 2025 BUDGET REQUEST

The fiscal year 2025 Budget Request continues to focus critical resources on high-quality education—from 

prekindergarten through postsecondary learning and from classroom through career—to ensure that all 

students thrive in school and in life. Secretary Cardona’s “Raise the Bar: Lead the World” agenda aims to 

lift up communities, unite people around student success, strengthen our democracy, grow our economy, 

and empower people everywhere to realize their dreams. In line with this agenda, this Budget focuses on

transforming education and uniting around what truly works—based on decades of experience and 

research—to advance educational equity and excellence. 

Raising the Bar means providing tools, resources, and assistance to states, districts, and schools to promote 

academic excellence and wellness for every learner and better prepare our nation for global 

competitiveness. Specifically, the fiscal year 2025 Budget would assist states and districts in achieving 

academic excellence by supporting the conditions to accelerate learning and achievement for every student; 

supporting improved learning conditions by working to eliminate the teacher shortage and investing in 

every student’s mental health and well-being; creating pathways for global competitiveness and 

engagement by reimagining college and career pathways and providing better opportunities for our students 

to become multilingual; and increasing college affordability, completion, and equity so more Americans 

can reach their dreams.

Overall, the fiscal year 2025 Budget requests $82.4 billion in discretionary funding for the Department of 

Education, including a change in mandatory program (CHIMP) and rescissions. This Request reflects a 

$3.1 billion or 4.0 percent increase from the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level. 

The investments included in the Budget Request support the Department of Education’s comprehensive 

agenda to achieve academic excellence, including by supporting the academic acceleration and achievement

of students and providing a well-rounded and rigorous education for all students. It would improve learning 

conditions by ensuring every child has access to mental health supports, providing a safe and healthy 

learning environment, and giving students access to the educators that they need to succeed. It prepares 

students to compete in the global economy by putting them on track toward college and career readiness 

and giving them opportunities to become multilingual. It also supports families through a demonstration 

program that would expand access to free, high-quality preschool in mixed-delivery settings for children 

eligible to attend Title I schools, and funds a program that would expand voluntary efforts to increase 

diversity across public schools, taking critical action to close gaps in opportunities and outcomes for 

students from low-income communities.
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The President is also committed to working with Congress to enact his plan to lower the cost of college for 

families and expand the productive capacity of the American economy. This plan includes proposals to cut 

college costs by increasing the maximum Pell Grant, supporting evidence-based college completion efforts, 

and supporting efforts to provide free textbooks. In addition, the Budget includes tuition-free community 

college and tuition support for students attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), 

Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), and Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs), 

including Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). The Budget also includes a new investment to lower the 

cost of college by increasing access to career-connected dual enrollment through the Classroom to Career 

program; providing awards for institutions that deliver an excellent education at an affordable price to 

expand the number of students served or to share best practices; and providing grants to scale evidencebased interventions that increase college completion rates, reduce cost burdens for students, and lower costs 

per graduate.

The fiscal year 2025 Budget Request includes the following key initiatives:

K-12 EDUCATION

PROPOSES NEW AND ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS TO LIFT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT USING 

EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGIES

The fiscal year 2025 Budget Request includes a new $8 billion, 5-year mandatory proposal to support States 

and school districts in meeting critical academic needs of their students by (1) increasing student attendance 

and engagement; (2) providing high-dosage tutoring; and (3) expanding summer, extended, and after school 

learning opportunities. To help ensure that every student receives a high-quality education, the Budget also 

provides $18.6 billion for Title I, a $200 million increase above the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level. 

This amount is $2.1 billion higher than fiscal year 2021, reflecting historic progress in funding for a program 

that delivers critical support to 90 percent of school districts across the Nation. These requests together will 

help address chronic funding gaps between schools in communities with high rates of poverty—which 

disproportionately serve students of color—and their wealthier counterparts, and will help to spur expanded 

efforts across the nation to increase academic achievement and ensure that all students are on a path to 

academic success. They will also help schools sustain critical investments in accelerating learning and other 

areas that were made with American Rescue Plan funds, helping to close opportunity gaps and deliver 

lasting long-academic impacts building on what was started through the largest-ever federal investment in 

K-12 schools. 

EXPANDS ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITY PRESCHOOL FOR UNDERSERVED CHILDREN

Preschool reduces achievement gaps and supports early school success for our students. The skills and 

knowledge that children acquire in their early years are the building blocks for future learning, setting the 

stage for literacy, numeracy, and social skills that will be used throughout their lives. The Budget includes 

a mandatory funding proposal administered by the Department of Health and Human Services in 

collaboration with the Department of Education to support a federal-state partnership to provide highquality, free preschool to all four-year-old children, with the flexibility for states to expand preschool to 

three-year-old children once high-quality preschool is fully available to four-year-old children. It would 

significantly expand access to high-quality preschool over ten years, ensuring that children enter 

kindergarten ready to succeed. The Budget also provides $25 million in the Department of Education for a 

demonstration program to incentivize school districts to establish or expand free and high-quality preschool 

in school and community-based settings, including Head Start, for children eligible to attend Title I schools. 

This program would provide eligible children with a high-quality early education integrated with services 

to support their healthy physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development and build a strong 

preschool-to-grade-three continuum to ensure children transition successfully from the early education 
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system to elementary school. The program would expand its reach by encouraging grantees to leverage a 

portion of their existing Title I funds, along with other federal, state, and local funds, for high-quality 

preschool.

PRIORITIZES THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF STUDENTS

Research shows that when students feel connected to school, their mental health and academic performance 

improve. However, the consequences of the pandemic and other environmental factors facing young 

people—including social isolation, illness, and family hardship—have led to decreased feelings of 

connectedness for students. The Budget provides robust investments to address the youth mental health 

crisis, supporting state and local leaders to grow the knowledge and skills of professionals currently in 

schools and expand the supply of mental health professionals who can work with students. Mental Health 

continues to be a high priority for the President and the Department, which is already delivering an 

additional $1 billion in mental health programs from the historic passage of the Bipartisan Safer 

Communities Act (BSCA). Building on the BSCA investment, the funding requested for fiscal year 2025 

will help to increase the number of school-based counselors, psychologists, social workers, and other health 

professionals in K-12 schools. To date and through the significant resources provided by the BSCA, the 

Department reached 264 grantees in 48 states and territories to boost the training, hiring, and diversification 

of mental health professionals through two grants—the School-Based Mental Health (SBMH) grant 

program and Mental Health Service Professional (MHSP) grant program. Grantees estimate that these funds 

collectively will prepare more than 14,000 new mental health professionals for America’s schools, and with 

continued support through the fiscal year 2025 Request, this crucial work can be expanded even further. 

INCREASES SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Every child with a disability should have access to the high-quality early intervention, special education 

services, and personnel needed to thrive in school and graduate ready for college or a career. The Budget 

provides an additional $205 million over the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level for Individuals with 

Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B grants to states and preschool programs to support special 

education and related services, with a total request of $14.8 billion. The Budget also provides $545 million 

for IDEA Part C grants, which support early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities, 

which have a strong track record of improving academic and developmental outcomes—$5 million over 

the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level. The increased funding would support States in implementing 

critical reforms to expand their enrollment of underserved children, including children of color, children 

from low-income backgrounds, and children living in rural areas. The Budget also invests $164 million in 

IDEA Part D grants to prepare special educators—funding that is crucial at a time when many States and 

school districts experience a shortage of special educators that are well trained to meet the diverse needs of 

all learners.

EXPANDS SUPPORT FOR FULL-SERVICE COMMUNITY SCHOOLS

Full-service community schools play a critical role in providing comprehensive support services to students 

and their families, such as health and nutrition services and adult education opportunities, and expanded 

enrichment and learning opportunities such as afterschool and summer programs. These schools also 

provide strong family and community engagement and collaborative leadership and practices for educators, 

which together have proven to improve academic outcomes for students. Full-service community schools 

help address not only a student’s academic needs but also their social, emotional, mental, and physical 

health needs. They also provide resources and services to address family needs, including through crossagency efforts and partnerships with community-based organizations and other family support providers 

external to the school site. The Biden-Harris Administration is committed to increasing and supporting the 
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adoption of full-service community school models across the country, and has worked with Congress to 

already secure a five-fold increase of this critical program in the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level. 

Building on this investment, the Budget includes $200 million for Full-Service Community Schools, $50 

million more than the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level. 

INVESTS IN EDUCATOR RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION

While the education sector has faced shortages in critical staffing areas for decades, the COVID-19 

pandemic and tight labor market have made shortages worse, further exacerbating the already 

disproportionate impact on students in underserved communities. Schools have made tremendous progress 

in recovering from the pandemic; while the number of employees in local public education dropped by nine 

percent during the pandemic, as of January 2024, staffing levels had nearly fully returned to pre-pandemic 

levels. However, teacher shortages and shortages of highly qualified educators remain, with 

disproportionate impacts on students with disabilities, English learners, students of color and students in 

schools serving low-income communities. To help address and eliminate the teacher shortage, the Budget 

elevates the teaching profession by investing in and scaling up high-quality, comprehensive, and affordable 

pathways to teaching, teacher leadership and career advancement opportunities that support increased 

compensation and teacher retention, high-quality new teacher induction and job-embedded professional 

learning, improved working conditions, and educator diversity. The Budget invests nearly $3 billion in 

educators and school leaders, including more than $650 million for competitive programs that support a 

diverse and well-prepared and supported pipeline of educators and that strengthen teacher retention. 

Crucially, this includes $95 million for Teacher Quality Partnership grants, a $25 million increase, to 

support the expansion of high-quality, comprehensive, and affordable educator preparation programs, 

including evidence-based Grow Your Own and residency programs, and supporting high-quality registered 

apprenticeship programs for teachers.

SUPPORTS MULTILINGUAL LEARNERS

English learners are one of the fastest-growing student populations in our nation’s public elementary and 

secondary schools; yet, far too often, the opportunities for English learners in school are limited. To be sure, 

the over 5 million English learners in our nation’s classrooms must be seen as assets—young people who 

come to school with wonderful languages and cultures to be shared and valued—and multilingualism 

should be viewed as the superpower that it truly is. The Budget provides $940 million for Title III under 

the Every Student Succeeds Act, an increase of $50 million over the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level, 

to help students learning English attain English proficiency and achieve academic success, and to increase 

access to high-quality language programs so that all students have the opportunity to become multilingual.

To elevate the multilingual educator workforce, the Budget dedicates a total of $80 million, with $75 million 

going towards building out high-quality, comprehensive, and affordable multilingual educator pipelines 

and professional development in multilingualism for existing school staff and teachers, and $5 million for 

post-secondary fellowships to improve the quality of multilingual educator preparation. Finally, the Budget 

proposes a name change to the Office of English Language Acquisition to the Office of Multilingual and 

English Learners, promoting the Office’s Director to Assistant Secretary, and adding staff capacity, to 

elevate the federal obligation to ELs and strengthen Title III’s program administration.

FOSTERS DIVERSE SCHOOLS

Concentrated poverty and racial isolation in a school can undermine its ability to provide an equal 

opportunity for all students to learn and succeed. The Budget includes $10 million for a new grant program 

to support voluntary efforts by communities interested in developing and implementing strategies to 

increase diversity in their schools and classrooms.
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REIMAGINES THE HIGH SCHOOL TO POSTSECONDARY TRANSITION

Reimagining traditional educational pathways to improve equitable postsecondary and career opportunities 

continues to be a critical component of the President’s vision to increase successful outcomes for all 

students. The Budget includes $57 million for the Career-Connected High Schools program. This program 

provides competitive grants to partnerships between school districts, institutions of higher education 

(including community colleges), and employers to increase the integration and alignment of the last two 

years of high school and the first two years of postsecondary education. The goal is to improve and 

accelerate postsecondary and career outcomes for all students, including underrepresented students and 

students from low-income backgrounds. Strategies include dual enrollment, work-based learning, college 

and career advising, and assistance for students obtaining industry-recognized credentials. 

AN EDUCATION BEYOND HIGH SCHOOL

PROPOSES HISTORIC INVESTMENTS IN COLLEGE AFFORDABILITY

To expand equitable and affordable access to an education beyond high school, the Budget would increase 

the discretionary maximum Pell Grant by $100 for the 2025-2026 award year building on successful efforts 

to raise the discretionary maximum award by $1,000 since the beginning of the Administration. The Budget 

would also increase the mandatory add-on by $650 for a total maximum award increase of $750 for students 

attending public and non-profit institutions and provides a path to double the Pell Grant for students at such 

institutions by 2029. An estimated 7.2 million students from low- and middle-income backgrounds would 

receive assistance to help overcome financial barriers to attending college. 

The Budget also provides mandatory funding to invest in free community college across the Nation. In 

addition, the Budget provides mandatory funding to lower the cost of tuition for two years for students from 

families earning less than $125,000 enrolled in a participating four-year HBCU, TCCU, or MSI.

Further, the Budget includes $12 billion in mandatory funding for the new Reducing the Costs of College 

Fund. This fund includes over $7 billion in the Classroom to Career program, which reduces costs for 

students by providing funds to states to expand access to at least 12 postsecondary credits of free, careerconnected dual enrollment for all interested high school students. The fund also provides awards to colleges 

and universities that deliver an excellent education at an affordable price to expand the number of students 

served and to share best practices; and funds to scale evidence-based strategies that increase college 

completion rates, reduce cost burdens for students, and lower costs per graduate. 

The Budget also builds on the President’s historic actions to reduce student debt and the cost of college by 

eliminating the origination fees charged to borrowers on every new federal student loan. These unnecessary 

fees are a burden on anyone who needs to borrow to help get an education and present additional costs for 

American families.

In addition to these critical investments, the Administration continues to support working with Congress to 

expand all Title IV federal student aid programs, including Pell Grants and campus-based aid eligibility, to 

Dreamers.

MAKES SIGNIFICANT COMMITMENTS TO POSTSECONDARY STUDENT SUCCESS, COMPLETION,

AND SUPPORT

The President is committed to not only ensuring an education beyond high school is accessible and 

affordable but ensuring that students are provided with the equitable access to resources and supports 

needed to persist in and complete a postsecondary education. The Budget supports innovative and 

promising strategies to improve student success and degree completion through increased funding for the 
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Postsecondary Student Success Grants in the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education 

(FIPSE) using a tiered evidence model. The proposed requests in FIPSE also promote postsecondary student 

success through new funding for comprehensive and systemic mental health and basic needs supports, and 

investments in statewide improvement and reforms to the entire spectrum of postsecondary education from 

access to improved postsecondary and career outcomes. The Budget also includes $80 million to help 

institutions provide affordable child care for student parents with low-incomes through the Child Care 

Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS) program. In addition, the Budget includes increases for the 

Federal TRIO programs and GEAR UP to expand services that promote access and success in 

postsecondary education for underserved individuals. The Budget also invests $12 million in the Open 

Textbooks Pilot to reduce textbook costs for students by supporting projects at institutions to create new 

open textbooks or expand their use while maintaining or improving instruction and student learning 

outcomes. Finally, the Budget includes a proposal to create a new Postsecondary Advancement and Success

Technical Assistant Center, focused on evidence-based practices and data driven solutions to improve 

student outcomes and ensure inclusive and equitable higher education opportunities are available for all 

students.

INCREASES EQUITABLE FUNDING FOR HBCUS, TCCUS, MSIS, AND COMMUNITY COLLEGES

The Budget would enhance institutional capacity at HBCUs, TCCUs, MSIs, and low-resourced institutions, 

including community colleges, by providing an increase of $143 million over the fiscal year 2024

annualized CR level. This funding includes a $50 million increase for the initiative in the FIPSE program 

to expand research and development infrastructure at four-year HBCUs, TCCUs, and MSIs.

PRIORITIZES THE NEEDS OF STUDENTS AND BORROWERS

The Budget provides $2.7 billion for Student Aid Administration, including to the Department of 

Education’s Office of Federal Student Aid (FSA), a $625 million increase over the fiscal year 2024 

annualized CR level. This additional funding is essential to support students and student loan borrowers. 

The increase would allow FSA to continue to operate the student aid programs, implement critical 

improvements to student loan servicing, continue to modernize its digital infrastructure, and provide for the 

administration of the financial aid programs through a simplified and streamlined application process for 

students and borrowers.

BOLSTERS OUR NATION’S SKILLED WORKFORCE WITH EXPANSIONS TO CAREER AND 

TECHNICAL TRAINING AND ADULT EDUCATION

As our economy continues its rapid recovery, the Budget invests more than $2.3 billion in career and 

technical training and adult education to support the long-term sustainability of our nation’s skilled 

workforce, including for state grants. In addition to expanding access to career training programs by making 

significant investments in community colleges, the Budget also proposes support for adult learners at 

correctional institutions that use Pell Grant funds to provide access to postsecondary education offerings as 

part of an adult education program. 

INCREASES SUPPORT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT

The Budget provides $162 million to the Department’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR), a 16 percent increase 

compared to the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level. OCR’s complaint caseload continues to rise, 

including rising reports of antisemitism, anti-Arab discrimination, and other forms of discrimination in our 

Nation’s schools and college campuses. The Department’s most important tool to fight against 

discrimination is through rigorous protection and enforcement of civil rights. This additional funding would 

help ensure that the Department of Education has additional capacity to address the increasing caseload and 

protect equal access to education through the enforcement of civil rights laws, such as race and shared 
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ancestry discrimination through Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and sex discrimination through 

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. 

II. THE 2025 EDUCATION BUDGET BY PROGRAM AREA1

ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

OVERVIEW

Raising the Bar means recognizing that our nation already has what it takes to continue leading the world—

if we deliver a comprehensive, rigorous education for every student; boldly improve conditions for learning; 

ensure every student has a pathway to multilingualism and to college and careers; and increase college 

affordability and completion so more Americans can reach their dreams. When the bar is raised in 

education, all our nation’s students will build the skills to succeed inside and outside of school. Our students 

will reach new heights in the classroom, in their careers, and in their enriched lives and communities, 

making a positive difference in the world, for generations to come.

President Biden’s fiscal year 2025 Request for Elementary and Secondary Education programs advances 

the Raise the Bar agenda, and works to address longstanding challenges facing our education system that 

result in disproportionate impacts on students with disabilities, English learners, students of color, and 

students from low-income backgrounds. It invests in well-prepared and supported educators; provides 

resources for rigorous coursework that sets students up for college and careers; and invests in high-quality, 

preschool programs. Major investments in preschool through grade 12 education would help close the 

equity gaps and help ensure that all students—including students from low-income backgrounds, students 

of color, and students in underserved communities—receive the social, emotional, mental health, and 

academic supports they need to thrive in school and achieve their dreams.

• Critical investments in equitable access to the learning opportunities students need to succeed:

o $18.6 billion for Title I, an increase of $200 million compared to the fiscal year 2024 annualized 

CR level. This increase in funding would help schools with high rates of poverty sustain critical 

investments in academic acceleration and achievement made with ARP funds, and make 

critically-needed new investments in high-quality instruction, increasing access to a wellrounded education, including through expanding access to preschool. 

o $8 billion in new mandatory funding for Academic Acceleration and Achievement Grants, to 

support States and school districts meet the critical needs of their students by increasing student 

attendance and engagement; providing high-quality tutoring; and expanding summer, 

extended, and after school learning opportunities.

o $25 million for school districts to expand free, high-quality preschool in school and 

community-based settings, including Head Start, for children eligible to attend Title I schools, 

allowing more students to enter kindergarten with the knowledge and skills they need to be 

successful. 

1 Amounts may not add due to rounding.
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o $940 million for English Language Acquisition State Grants, an increase of $50 million

compared to the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level, to strengthen State and local capacity to 

meet the needs of English learners (ELs), provide professional development on multilingual 

education for existing teachers and staff, and bolster the multilingual educator pipeline via postsecondary fellowships. The Budget also includes a greater emphasis on multilingualism that 

embraces students’ native and home languages as a strength they bring to their school 

communities. 

o $162 million for ED’s Office for Civil Rights, a $22 million increase compared to the fiscal 

year 2024 annualized CR level, to provide sufficient staffing and other capacity for monitoring, 

technical assistance, data collection, and enforcement. 

• Critical investments to meet the social, emotional, mental health, and academic needs of students:

o A total of $39.8 million to support new awards through the School-Based Mental Health 

Services and Mental Health Services Professional Demonstration programs. This critical 

investment will help to support the mental health needs of our students and their families by 

increasing the number of counselors, psychologists, social workers, and other mental health 

professionals in our schools. It also helps build the pipeline for these critical staff, with an 

emphasis on schools serving underserved students. 

o $200 million, an increase of $50 million over the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level, to 

expand the Full-Service Community Schools (FSCS) program. The Budget recognizes the role 

of schools as the centers of our communities and neighborhoods, and funds efforts to identify 

and integrate the wide range of community-based resources needed to support students and 

their families. For example, these resources expand learning opportunities for students and 

parents alike, support collaborative leadership and practices, and promote the family and 

community engagement that can help ensure student academic success and well-being. 

• Critical investments in building a more diverse, well-prepared, supported, and effective teacher 

workforce and strengthening school leadership:

o $95 million for Teacher Quality Partnerships, an increase of $25 million over the fiscal year 

2024 annualized CR level, to support comprehensive pathways into the profession, including 

high-quality, evidence-based pre-baccalaureate, residency and Grow Your Own programs that 

support the development of teachers from the communities schools serve, and registered 

apprenticeship programs aligned to high quality standards for teachers that create and scale 

these programs. These evidence-based programs support educator diversity, improve teacher 

effectiveness, and increase teacher retention. There is significant demand for additional 

resources to support these efforts, particularly as ESSER funds expire. This investment 

complements additional state efforts to address teacher shortages such as registered 

apprenticeship programs aligned to high quality standards that can help scale up residency and 

Grow Your Own programs. At the beginning of the Biden-Harris Administration, there were 

no registered apprenticeship programs for teachers; with support from both the Department and 

Department of Labor, there are now registered programs in 30 states and Puerto Rico.

o $30 million for the Augustus F. Hawkins Centers of Excellence, an increase of $15 million 

over the 2024 annualized CR level, to help increase the diversity of the teacher workforce 

through competitive grants to HBCUs, TCCUs, and MSIs to support high-quality, 

comprehensive teacher preparation (see Higher Education Programs).
14

o $125 million for Special Education Personnel Preparation, $10 million more than the fiscal 

year 2024 annualized CR level, to support the pipeline of special education teachers and 

personnel and address the teacher shortages that are particularly acute in this field. 

o $173 million for Teacher and School Leader Incentive Grants prioritizing funds for activities 

that provide experienced and effective teachers with leadership and career advancement

opportunities that allow them to have a greater impact on their school community while 

remaining in the classroom, and to be compensated for these additional responsibilities.

o $5 million to fund, for the first time, grants under the Graduate Fellowships to Prepare Faculty 

in High Need Areas at Colleges of Education program to help address critical teacher pipeline 

issues in the development of STEM, special education and bilingual teachers (see Higher 

Education Programs).

TITLE I GRANTS TO LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $18,386.8 $18,386.8 $18,586.8

Title I Grants to LEAs provide supplemental education funding, especially in communities of concentrated 

poverty, for local programs that provide extra academic support to help students in schools with high rates 

of poverty meet challenging State academic standards. The Request continues to increase funding for this 

program, which serves an estimated 26 million students in nearly 90 percent of school districts and nearly 

60 percent of all public schools, as a key strategy for closing the funding gaps between schools in 

communities with high rates of poverty that disproportionately serve students of color and their wealthier 

counterparts. This funding will also help schools sustain critical investments in academic acceleration and 

achievement that were made with American Rescue Plan funds. LEAs can use Title I funds flexibly for 

locally determined programs and interventions across a broad range of areas, including through schoolwide 

programs that allow Federal and other funds to be consolidated and leveraged for comprehensive school 

reforms. 

ACADEMIC ACCELERATION AND ACHIEVEMENT GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions — — $8,000.0

Academic Acceleration and Achievement Grants would assist States and school districts to rapidly improve 

outcomes for underserved students through a variety of proven, evidence-based strategies, including (1) 

increasing student attendance and engagement; (2) providing high-quality tutoring and small-group

instruction; and (3) expanding summer learning, extended, or afterschool learning time. The Administration 

proposes the authorization of $8 billion over 5 years for this program of competitive grants to rapidly 

accelerate student achievement and address gaps caused by interruptions in learning due to the COVID-19 
15

pandemic. Academic Acceleration and Achievement Grants would provide critical support to States and 

school districts as they continue strengthening their academic acceleration and achievement efforts to 

ensure they are reaching the students and schools who need them the most and to place their efforts on a 

sustainable path for steady increases in academic achievement.

PRESCHOOL INCENTIVE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions — — $25.0

The Preschool Incentive Demonstration Program would make competitive awards to local educational 

agencies (LEAs) or consortia of LEAs to expand access to high-quality preschool in school and communitybased settings, including Head Start, for children eligible to attend Title I schools. The program would also 

support LEAs and participating schools in aligning high-quality preschool with kindergarten through 3rd 

grade instruction, facilitating the transition both from preschool to kindergarten and from kindergarten to 

3rd grade. As the Department administers the program, it will collaborate with the Department of Health 

and Human Services.

FULL-SERVICE COMMUNITY SCHOOLS (FSCS)

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $150.0 $150.0 $200.0

FSCS makes competitive 5-year grants to school districts—in partnership with community-based 

organizations, nonprofit organizations, or other public or private entities. The grants help provide 

comprehensive academic, social, and health services in school settings for students, students’ family 

members, and community members by integrating existing school and community programs. These

coordinated strategies can positively impact neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, childhood obesity, 

academic challenges, and involvement of community members in the justice system. The proposed increase 

reflects the increasing demand for the program and growing recognition that students and families in 

communities with high rates of poverty need comprehensive services to best support improved academic 

outcomes, and schools are ideally situated to provide such supports. In particular, the disruptions to 

education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provided a vivid demonstration of the importance of our 

schools to the social and economic fabric of our communities, both during the pandemic and as we work 

toward a full recovery. Funds would support efforts to provide students services by implementing or 

expanding school-based Medicaid and to provide catalytic support for planning and capacity building of 

services for underserved students such as students of color, newly arrived students, and students from lowincome backgrounds.
16

21ST CENTURY COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTERS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $1,329.7 $1,329.7 $1,329.7

This program enables States, through competitive subgrants to school districts or community-based 

organizations, to support centers that provide additional student learning opportunities through before- and 

after-school programs and summer school programs aimed at improving student academic outcomes and 

well-being. High-quality after-school enrichment programs and summer programs have shown evidence of

accelerating months of learning for students and are a core component of improving student achievement 

through proven strategies that accelerate academic performance. Centers, which also may offer training in 

parenting skills and family literacy services, must target their services primarily to students who attend 

schools identified for improvement under Title I of the ESEA or other schools determined by local 

educational agencies (LEAs) to be in need of assistance.

SUPPORTING EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTION STATE GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $2,190.1 $2,190.1 $2,190.1

This program, authorized under ESEA’s Title II-A, provides formula grants to State educational agencies 

(SEAs), which then subgrant most funds to local educational agencies, to support activities designed to 

increase student achievement by improving the effectiveness of teachers, principals, and other school 

leaders; increase the number of teachers, principals, and other school leaders who are effective in improving 

student academic achievement in schools; provide students from low-income backgrounds and students of 

color greater access to effective teachers, principals, and other school leaders; and reduce class size. SEAs 

and LEAs have flexibility to carry out a wide variety of activities based on identified needs.

TEACHER AND SCHOOL LEADER INCENTIVE GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $173.0 $173.0 $173.0

The Teacher and School Leader Incentive Grants (TSL) program makes competitive awards to help 

develop, implement, improve, or expand human capital management systems or performance-based 

compensation systems. Allowable uses of funds include implementing career advancement opportunities 

for effective teachers, principals, and other school leaders; improving LEA processes for recruiting, 

selecting, placing, supporting, and retaining effective teachers, principals, and other school leaders in high-
17

need schools; and providing principals with the tools needed to make school-level decisions that build highperforming instructional leadership teams. New awards would help provide opportunities for educators to 

advance in their careers by taking on leadership roles in their schools and districts that maximize their 

impact beyond the classroom, and be compensated for those additional responsibilities, improving teacher 

retention. 

SUPPORTING EFFECTIVE EDUCATOR DEVELOPMENT (SEED)

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $90.0 $90.0 $90.0

The SEED program provides competitive grants to institutions of higher education, national nonprofit 

entities, and the Bureau of Indian Education to support evidence-based professional development activities, 

including those leading to an advanced credential, as well as non-traditional preparation and certification 

pathways that allow teachers, principals, or other school leaders to obtain employment in underserved local 

educational agencies. The Request would support continuation awards as well as new awards to support 

evidence-based efforts to prepare, develop, and retain an effective and diverse teacher and school leader 

workforce that can meet the social, emotional, mental health, and academic needs of their students. 

SCHOOL SAFETY NATIONAL ACTIVITIES

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $216.0 $216.0 $216.0

This program authorizes activities to improve students’ safety and well-being. Activities include 

competitive grants and other discretionary activities to foster a safe, secure, and supportive school and 

community learning environment to facilitate teaching and learning; support emergency management and 

preparedness, as well as recovery from traumatic events; and increase the availability of school-based 

mental health service providers for students. The Request would support a variety of critical activities, 

including approximately $39.8 million in funding for new K-12 School-Based Mental Health Services and 

Mental Health Services Professional Demonstration grants, $8 million for new awards under Project 

Prevent, and $5 million for Project School Emergency Response to Violence (SERV) awards.
18

STUDENT SUPPORT AND ACADEMIC ENRICHMENT GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $1,380.0 $1,380.0 $1,380.0

This program provides formula grants to State educational agencies, which subgrant most funds to local 

educational agencies, to support well-rounded educational opportunities, safe and healthy students, and the 

effective use of technology. The Request would provide resources for improving student opportunities and 

outcomes that can be used flexibly in response to locally identified needs to support safe and welcoming 

school environments and critical academic achievement efforts, including increasing student attendance, 

school safety efforts, providing high-dosage tutoring, and supporting extended learning time. 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $890.0 $890.0 $940.0

This program awards formula grants to States based on each State’s share of the Nation’s English learners 

(ELs) and recent immigrant students. Schools use this funding to implement effective language instruction 

educational programs designed to help ELs attain English language proficiency. The program also awards 

grants to schools operated predominantly for Native American and Alaska Native students and supports 

national activities, including professional development for teachers of ELs and a clearinghouse of researchbased information about instructional methods, strategies, and programs for ELs. The proposed increase 

would significantly strengthen State and local capacity to meet the needs of ELs and their teachers, provide 

$80 million for professional development on multilingual education for existing teachers and staff, and 

bolster the multilingual educator pipeline via post-secondary education fellowships. The Budget also 

includes a greater emphasis on multilingualism that embraces students’ native and home languages as a 

strength they bring to their school communities.

PROMISE NEIGHBORHOODS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $91.0 $91.0 $91.0

This program provides competitive grants to support distressed communities in improving the academic 

and developmental outcomes for children, youth, and their families from birth through college. Funded 

activities are focused on “pipeline services,” which include high-quality early childhood programs; highquality in-school and out-of-school programs; transition support for students at all levels of education and 
19

workforce preparation; family and community engagement support; job training, internships, and career 

counseling; and social, health, nutrition, and mental health services. 

FOSTERING DIVERSE SCHOOLS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions — — $10.0

The proposed Fostering Diverse Schools program would support voluntary efforts to increase school and 

classroom diversity in preschool through grade 12. The program—which would build on grants initially 

made under Title IV-A Student Support and Academic Enrichment Grants—would make competitive 

awards to LEAs that have developed voluntary, locally-driven plans to address opportunity and

achievement gaps and segregation within or across districts and improve student achievement. Program 

funds would support voluntary planning grants and, for applicants with well-designed plans, 

implementation grants to carry out activities in those plans, including, for example open enrollment policies 

that promote diversity in schools or other student-assignment policies.

MAGNET SCHOOLS ASSISTANCE

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $139.0 $139.0 $139.0

The Magnet Schools Assistance program provides Federal resources to assist eligible local educational 

agencies in the desegregation of schools by supporting the elimination, reduction, and prevention of racial 

isolation in elementary and secondary schools with substantial proportions of students of color. Grantees 

establish and operate magnet schools that are part of court-ordered, agency-ordered, or federally approved 

voluntary desegregation plans and that offer special curricula or instructional programs that appeal to 

parents and students from diverse backgrounds. The Request reflects the Administration’s commitment to 

reversing the well-documented, persistent negative educational effects of racial isolation and concentrated 

poverty.

TRAINING AND ADVISORY SERVICES 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $6.6 $6.6 $6.6

This program supports four regional Equity Assistance Centers, selected competitively, that provide 

services to school districts upon request on issues related to discrimination based on race, sex, national 
20

origin, and religion. Typical activities include disseminating information on successful educational 

practices and on legal requirements related to nondiscrimination in educational programs. The Request 

would provide continued support for Equity Assistance Center awards first made in fiscal year 2022, as 

well as the administration and analysis of a customer satisfaction survey.

CHARTER SCHOOLS GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $440.0 $440.0 $400.0

Through grants to State entities, charter school developers, and charter school management organizations, 

Charter Schools Grants support the startup of new charter schools and the replication and expansion of 

high-quality charter schools serving students in prekindergarten through grade 12. Funds also support grants 

to improve charter schools’ access to facilities and information dissemination, grantee technical assistance,

and evaluation activities. The Request would give the Department greater flexibility to adjust spending in 

response to demand across the program components and prohibit program funds from supporting new 

awards to charter schools managed or operated by for-profit entities, including through contractual 

relationships. 

MIGRANT EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $375.6 $375.6 $375.6

Migrant Education State Grants provide formula-based assistance in meeting the educational needs of 

children of migratory agricultural workers and fishers, including overcoming educational disruption and 

other challenges resulting from repeated moves, so that these students can meet the same academic 

standards expected of all children. During the 2021-2022 school year, 274,258 children, ages birth through 

21 years old, were identified as eligible for services. Services included supplemental instruction in reading, 

math, and other academic areas, as well as high school credit accrual. Program funds were also used to 

provide educationally related services such as counseling, health and nutrition services, advocacy, and 

referrals for migratory students with disabilities, and (especially in the summer) transportation. The 

Department uses a portion of funding to improve inter- and intra-State coordination of migrant education 

activities, including State exchange of migratory student data records through the Migrant Student 

Information Exchange system. The Request includes a proposal to authorize the Department to reserve up 

to one-half of one percent of funds appropriated for the Migrant Education, Neglected and Delinquent, and 

Education for Homeless Children and Youths programs for the Department to make competitive grants to 

SEAs to improve service delivery and coordination for at-risk students who are eligible to receive services 

under multiple Federal education programs.
21

NEGLECTED, DELINQUENT, AND AT-RISK STUDENTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $49.2 $49.2 $49.2 

This program provides formula grants to States to support education services for neglected and delinquent 

children and youth in local and State-run institutions, attending community day programs, and in 

correctional facilities. The Request includes a proposal to authorize the Department to reserve up to onehalf of one percent of funds appropriated for the Migrant Education, Neglected and Delinquent, and 

Education for Homeless Children and Youths programs for the Department to make competitive grants to 

SEAs to improve service delivery and coordination for at-risk students who are eligible to receive services 

under multiple Federal education programs.

EDUCATION FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTHS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $129.0 $129.0 $129.0

This program, which is authorized by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, as amended, provides 

formula grants to States, which then subgrant most funds to LEAs for services and activities that help 

children experiencing homelessness enroll in, attend, and succeed in school, such as preschool programs, 

enriched supplemental instruction, before- and after-school programs, transportation, and health care 

referrals. Approximately 1.2 million students were identified as homeless in school year 2021-2022. The 

Request includes a proposal to authorize the Department to reserve up to one-half of one percent of funds 

appropriated for the Migrant Education, Neglected and Delinquent, and Education for Homeless Children 

and Youths programs for the Department to make competitive grants to SEAs to improve service delivery 

and coordination for at-risk students who are eligible to receive services under multiple Federal education 

programs.

RURAL EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $215.0 $215.0 $215.0

Based on 2021 data from the National Center for Education Statistics, 28 percent of the Nation’s public 

schools were located in rural areas, with 20 percent of all public school students enrolled at these schools. 

The Rural Education Achievement Program (REAP) supports two programs to help rural school districts 

carry out activities to improve the quality of teaching and learning in their schools. The Small, Rural School 
22

Achievement program provides formula funds to rural school districts that serve small numbers of students, 

and the Rural and Low-Income School program provides funds to rural school districts that serve 

concentrations of poor students, regardless of the district’s size. Funds appropriated for REAP are divided 

equally between the two programs. The Request would support rural, often geographically isolated, districts 

that face significant challenges in meeting ESEA requirements.

INDIAN EDUCATION

- BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Grants to Local Educational Agencies $110.4 $110.4 $110.4

Special Programs for Indian Children 72.0 72.0 72.0

National Activities 12.4 12.4 12.4

Total 194.7 194.7 194.7 

Indian Education programs supplement the efforts of States, LEAs, and Indian Tribes to improve 

educational opportunities for Indian children. The programs link these efforts to broader educational 

reforms underway in States and localities to help ensure that these reforms benefit Indian students, enabling 

them to master the same challenging academic standards as other students by better meeting their 

educational and cultural needs.

Grants to Local Educational Agencies provide formula grants to LEAs and to schools funded or operated 

by the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Indian Education for activities to improve the educational 

achievement of Indian students. Funds would support supplemental educational services to a disadvantaged 

population that is heavily affected by poverty and low educational attainment, providing an average 

estimated per-pupil payment of $261 for approximately 424,000 eligible American Indian and Alaska 

Native elementary and secondary students nationwide.

The Request for Special Programs for Indian Children includes support for competitive awards for teacher 

retention projects, projects to improve the college- and career-readiness of Native youth, and professional 

development grants for training Native American teachers and administrators for employment in schools 

with high proportions of Indian students.

The Request also supports National Activities, which fund grants to support Native language immersion 

programs; State-Tribal Education Partnership grants to create and build the capacity of Tribal educational 

agencies; Native American language resource centers, and research, evaluation, and data collection 

activities designed to provide critical information on the educational status and needs of Indian students 

and to identify effective practices in the education of Indian students.
23

NATIVE HAWAIIAN EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $45.9 $45.9 $45.9

The Native Hawaiian Education program makes competitive awards to support supplemental education 

services to the Native Hawaiian population in such areas as teacher training, family-based education, gifted 

and talented education, early childhood education, special education, higher education, and communitybased education learning centers.

ALASKA NATIVE EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $45.0 $45.0 $45.0

This program makes competitive awards to support supplemental educational programs and services 

designed to improve educational outcomes for Alaska Natives, including activities to support the use and 

preservation of Alaska Native languages, professional development for educators, home instruction 

programs for Alaska Native preschool children, family literacy services, student enrichment programs in 

science and mathematics, and dropout prevention programs.

STATE ASSESSMENTS

- BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

State Assessment Grants $369.1 $369.1 $369.1

Competitive Assessment Grants 20.9 20.9 20.9

Total 390.0 390.0 390.0

The Request would help States continue to administer high-quality aligned assessment systems as part of 

their ongoing implementation of the Every Student Succeeds Act. Annual, high-quality, statewide 

assessments aligned to challenging State academic standards are a critical element of the statewide 

accountability systems that each State must establish under the Act, providing parents and educators with 

information they need to understand whether students are meeting State-determined college- and careerready academic standards. State assessments also help identify schools that are meeting these standards and 

schools where additional resources and supports may be needed to improve educational opportunity and 
24

academic achievement. The Request provides funding for both Grants for State Assessments and the 

separately authorized Competitive Grants for State Assessments program, which will support high-quality 

formative and diagnostic assessments and innovative assessments approved through the Innovative 

Assessment Demonstration Authority. 

EDUCATION INNOVATION AND RESEARCH

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $284.0 $284.0 $269.0

The Education Innovation and Research program supports the creation, development, implementation, 

replication, and scaling up of evidence-based innovations designed to improve student achievement and 

attainment for underserved students. The Request would continue recent efforts under this program to 

support academic acceleration, address chronic absenteeism, and promote academic achievement and 

improvement, especially in schools and for students with the greatest need. 

COMPREHENSIVE LITERACY DEVELOPMENT GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $194.0 $194.0 $194.0

This program provides competitive grants to SEAs that then award subgrants to eligible entities to support 

efforts to improve evidence-based literacy instruction in underserved schools or early childhood education 

programs. LEAs or early childhood education programs that receive subgrants from SEAs under this 

program must serve a high percentage of disadvantaged children, such as children from low-income 

backgrounds, children with disabilities, or English learners, and must represent diverse geographical areas.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO LITERACY

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $30.0 $30.0 $30.0

The Innovative Approaches to Literacy program makes competitive grants to support projects that promote 

literacy through enhanced school library programs; early literacy services, including outreach to parents of 

young children to ensure that families have access to developmentally appropriate materials and are 

encouraged to read aloud to their young children; and the distribution of high-quality books.
25

AMERICAN HISTORY AND CIVICS EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $23.0 $23.0 $23.0

The American History and Civics Education programs are designed to improve the quality of teaching and 

learning in American history, civics, and government. The American History and Civics Academies 

program supports efforts to improve the quality of American history and civics education by providing 

intensive workshops for teachers (Presidential Academies) and students (Congressional Academies) aimed 

at enhancing the teaching and understanding of these twin foundations of effective citizenship. The National

Activities program also promotes evidence-based instructional methods and professional development 

programs in American history, civics and government, and geography. 

ARTS IN EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $36.5 $36.5 $36.5

This program promotes arts education for students, including underserved students and students with 

disabilities, through professional development for arts educators, development and dissemination of 

accessible instructional materials and arts-based educational programming, and community outreach 

activities that strengthen partnerships among schools and arts organizations. 

JAVITS GIFTED AND TALENTED EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $16.5 $16.5 $16.5

The Javits Gifted and Talented Education program supports a coordinated program of research, 

demonstration projects, innovative strategies, and other activities to build and enhance the capacity of 

elementary and secondary schools to identify students for gifted and talented education programs and meet 

special educational needs. Funds may be used for, among other things, establishing and operating gifted 

and talented education programs, which may include innovative and promising methods and strategies for 

identifying and teaching students traditionally underserved in such programs. The Request would support

the Administration’s goal of providing equitable access to educational opportunity for all students, 

including underserved student groups, which include students of color, English learners, and students with 

disabilities, for whom data show persistent underrepresentation in gifted and talented education programs.
26

READY TO LEARN PROGRAMMING (RTL)

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $31.0 $31.0 $31.0

The RTL program makes awards to public telecommunications entities that support the development and 

distribution of educational video programming for preschool and elementary school children and their 

parents, caregivers, and teachers, as well accompanying support materials and services that can be used to 

promote the effective use of such programming. Funds also are used to develop digital content, such as 

applications and online educational games, that is specifically designed for nationwide distribution over 

public television stations’ digital broadcasting channels and the Internet.

STATEWIDE FAMILY ENGAGEMENT CENTERS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $20.0 $20.0 $20.0

This program provides funding to statewide organizations to establish statewide centers that promote parent 

and family engagement in education and provide comprehensive training and technical assistance to SEAs, 

LEAs, schools, and organizations that support partnerships between families and schools. The Request 

would support continuation awards for approximately 20 centers that, by engaging parents and fostering 

partnerships between families and schools, particularly schools with concentrations of disadvantaged 

students, can help lay the groundwork for sustained school improvement. 

COMPREHENSIVE CENTERS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $55.0 $55.0 $50.0

Funds would support 20 comprehensive centers that will operate as a network comprised of a National 

Center and Content Centers that identify and provide scalable solutions at the national level and Regional 

Centers that serve as entry point to the network and focus on providing individualized, intensive, and 

responsive support to meet the specific needs of States and systems within their regions. 
27

IMPACT AID

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Payments for Federally Connected Children: 

 Basic Support Payments

$1,468.2 $1,468.2 $1,468.2

Payments for Federally Connected Children: 

Payments for Children with Disabilities 48.3 48.3 48.3

Facilities Maintenance 4.8 4.8 4.8

Construction 18.4 18.4 18.4

Payments for Federal Property 78.3 78.3 78.3

Total 1,618.1 1,618.1 1,618.1

The Impact Aid program provides financial assistance to school districts affected by Federal activities. The 

presence of certain children living on Federal property across the country can place a financial burden on 

the LEAs that educate them because such property is exempt from local property taxes, denying LEAs 

access to a key source of revenue used by most communities to finance education. Impact Aid helps replace 

the lost local revenue that would otherwise be available to LEAs to pay for the education of these children.

The Request would provide significant support for the education of approximately 770,000 federally 

connected children in approximately 1,000 school districts.

Basic Support Payments support federally connected children through both regular Basic Support Payments 

and Basic Support Payments for Heavily Impacted LEAs.

The Request for Payments for Children with Disabilities would support formula grants to help eligible 

districts meet their obligations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to provide a free 

appropriate public education for federally connected children with disabilities.

The Request for Facilities Maintenance would fund essential repair and maintenance of the nine school 

facilities serving large numbers of military dependents that are owned and operated by the Department of 

Education, while also supporting the transfer of these schools to local school districts.

The Request for Construction would be used for competitive grants to the LEAs with the greatest need and 

would provide sufficient assistance to enable those LEAs to make major repairs and renovations.

The Request for Payments for Federal Property would provide formula-based payments to LEAs that 

generally have lost 10 percent or more of their taxable property to the Federal Government.
28

SUPPLEMENTAL EDUCATION GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $24.5 $24.5 $0.0

Supplemental Education Grants (SEG) will be subsumed by a $6.5 billion proposal for economic assistance 

over 20 years to be provided through mandatory budget authority appropriated to the Department of the 

Interior. 

SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATION SERVICES

OVERVIEW

The Administration is committed to providing Americans with disabilities the opportunities and services 

they need to succeed in school, in the workplace, and in the community. The fiscal year 2025 President’s 

Budget supports a wide range of programs that can improve educational, developmental, employment, and 

independent living outcomes for people with disabilities.

The $15.7 billion Request for Special Education programs focuses on improving educational and 

developmental outcomes for children with disabilities. For the Grants to States program, the Administration 

is requesting $14.4 billion, an increase of $200 million over the 2024 annualized CR level. Grants would 

cover approximately 10 percent of the national average per pupil expenditure and provide an estimated 

average of $1,810 per child for about 7.9 million children ages 3 through 21. This funding would support 

States and local educational agencies (LEAs) as they work to improve results for children with disabilities. 

The Request also includes $425 million for the Preschool Grants program, an increase of $5 million over 

the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level, and provide an average of $794 per child for over 535,000 children 

with disabilities expected to be served under the program in 2025. 

The Request includes $545 million for the Grants for Infants and Families program, $5 million more than 

the 2024 annualized CR level. Ensuring infants and toddlers with disabilities are identified and receive 

services in a timely manner is crucial to improving long-term outcomes. The $273.6 million Request for 

Special Education National Activities would expand technical assistance, dissemination, training, and other 

activities that assist States, LEAs, parents, and others in improving results for children with disabilities. For 

the 2023-2024 school year, 43 states, D.C., and Puerto Rico reported a shortage of qualified special 

education personnel, the most of any shortage area. To help address these shortages and ensure every 

student with a disability has access to highly qualified personnel, the Request would increase the Personnel 

Preparation program by $10 million over the 2024 annualized CR level.

For Rehabilitation Services, the Administration requests a total of $4.4 billion in mandatory and 

discretionary funds to support comprehensive and coordinated vocational rehabilitation services for 

individuals with disabilities through training, demonstration, and technical assistance, as well as other direct 

service programs to help individuals with disabilities to live more independently in their communities. The 

Request includes $4.3 billion in mandatory funds for the Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) State Grants 

program, the same as the fiscal year 2024 mandatory level. The Request excludes the Consumer Price Index

increase specified in the authorizing statute, resulting in a post-sequester savings, or discretionary change 

in mandatory program (CHIMP), of $128.4 million. The Request also includes an increase of $6.0 million 
29

for the Demonstration and Training program, and corresponding decrease for the Training program, to 

provide the Department greater flexibility in meeting the technical assistance needs of State VR agencies 

and their consumers. The increased funding in the Demonstration and Training program will support new 

awards under Technical Assistance.

GRANTS TO STATES

- 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $14,193.7 $14,193.7 $14,393.7

The Grants to States program, which is authorized under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 

(IDEA), makes formula grants that help States pay the additional costs of providing special education and 

related services to children with disabilities aged 3 through 21 years. The increased level proposed for fiscal 

year 2025 would support an estimated average per-child award of $1,810 for roughly 7.9 million children 

with disabilities, setting the Federal contribution to about 10 percent of the national average per pupil 

expenditure. 

Under the IDEA, States are required to provide a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive 

environment to all children with disabilities. Services are provided in accordance with individualized 

education programs that are developed by teams that include not less than the child’s parents, a special 

educator, a representative of the LEA, a regular educator, and the child with a disability as appropriate. In 

addition, services must be provided, to the maximum extent appropriate and in the least restrictive 

environment, which for most children means full participation in classes with children without disabilities. 

Students with disabilities also must be included in general State and district-wide assessments, including 

the assessments required under ESEA, and States must appropriately accommodate children with 

disabilities so they can participate in these assessments, or alternate assessments for those children with the 

most significant cognitive disabilities who cannot participate in regular assessments.

To address the fractured nature of early childhood and preschool services, the Request includes

appropriations language that would allow the Department to reserve up to $5 million in funds to study the 

implications of developing a comprehensive birth through age five system for children with disabilities that 

would offer coordinated, efficient and effective services.

PRESCHOOL GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $420.0 $420.0 $425.0 

This program provides formula grants to help States make a free appropriate public education available to 

all children with disabilities ages 3 through 5. The requested funding, which supplements funds provided 

under the Grants to States program, would provide an estimated $794 per child for approximately 535,000
30

children to supplement funds provided under the Grants to States program and help to ensure that young 

children with disabilities are ready to learn when they enter school.

GRANTS FOR INFANTS AND FAMILIES

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $540.0 $540.0 $545.0

This program provides formula grants to help States implement statewide systems of early intervention 

services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families so that State and local agencies identify 

and serve children with disabilities early in life when interventions can be most effective in improving 

educational outcomes. The Request would enable States to provide high-quality early intervention services 

to more than 443,000 infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. The Request also includes a 

range of proposals designed to increase access to the program for infants and families who have been 

traditionally underrepresented in the program, facilitate program entry for new parents, eliminate out-ofpocket costs for participating families, and promote continuity of services for eligible infants and their 

families.

STATE PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $38.6 $38.6 $38.6 

This program provides competitive grants to help States reform and enhance their systems for personnel 

preparation and professional development in the areas of early intervention, educational, and transition 

services in order to improve outcomes for children with disabilities. The Request would cover the cost of 

awards to State educational agencies to improve the knowledge and skills of special education and regular 

education teachers serving children with disabilities. The Request would allow the Administration to 

continue its support of professional development to support a State’s comprehensive systems of personnel 

development under Part C of the IDEA and the needs of personnel serving children in preschool through 

3rd grade to support early literacy and numeracy, helping to build a strong foundation for learning 

throughout a child’s academic experience. Funds would also be used to support a focus on classroom 

management, improving supports for children with significant needs, improving services for underserved 

populations, and/or new teacher supports.
31

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND DISSEMINATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $45.3 $45.3 $45.3

This program funds competitive grants for technical assistance and dissemination of materials based on 

knowledge gained through research and practice. The Request would support continuations costs for 

projects initiated in previous years and approximately $3.7 million in new awards, including new model 

demonstration projects as well as new investments in TA Centers. The Request would support model 

demonstration projects designed to identify best practices for serving military-connected and other highlymobile children with disabilities and their families.

PERSONNEL PREPARATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $115.0 $115.0 $125.0

This program helps ensure that there are adequate numbers of personnel with the skills and knowledge 

necessary to help children with disabilities succeed educationally. Program activities focus both on meeting 

the demand for personnel to serve children with disabilities and improving the qualifications of these 

personnel, with particular emphasis on incorporating knowledge gained from research and practice into 

training programs. For the 2023-24 school year, 43 States, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia 

projected a shortage of qualified teachers in special education. States are also experiencing shortages of 

other special education personnel, including speech language pathologists, occupational therapists, physical 

therapists, and psychologists. The $10 million increase proposed for fiscal year 2025 would be a significant

investment in the personnel who provide critical services to support the estimated 7.9 million children with 

disabilities nationwide who receive services under the IDEA. Over the next five years, the Administration 

estimates that investments in leadership personnel will produce an additional 480 faculty members who, in 

turn, would be able to support the training of an additional 14,000 special educators per year, and 

investments in pre-service training programs would, if sustained, produce more than 15,500 additional 

service providers over the next five years, ultimately serving nearly 340,000 students per year. 
32

PARENT INFORMATION CENTERS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $33.2 $33.2 $33.2 

These funds support centers that provide parents with the training and information they need to work with 

professionals to meet the early intervention and special education needs of their children with disabilities. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted students with disabilities and Parent Information 

Centers have experienced a surge in demand for assistance and training from families. 

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, MEDIA, AND MATERIALS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $31.4 $31.4 $31.4

This program makes competitive awards for research, development, and other activities that promote the 

use of technology, including universal design features, in providing special education and related services. 

Funds also support media-related activities, such as providing video description and captioning of films and 

television for use in classrooms for individuals with visual and hearing impairments and increasing the 

availability of books in accessible formats for individuals with visual impairments and other print 

disabilities.

SPECIAL OLYMPICS EDUCATION PROGRAM

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $36.0 $36.0 $36.0

This program funds the non-profit Special Olympics organization to support activities to promote the 

expansion of Special Olympics, including activities to increase the participation of individuals with 

intellectual disabilities within the United States. Funds also support the design and implementation of 

Special Olympics education programs, including character education and volunteer programs that support 

the purposes of the Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004, that can be integrated into 

classroom instruction and are consistent with academic content standards.
33

VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION STATE GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Mandatory BA in millions $3,949.7 $4,253.8 $4,253.8

Note: The levels shown are the mandatory amounts for the Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants program. The fiscal 

year 2025 Request excludes the Consumer Price Index increase specified in the authorizing statute, resulting in a 

request equivalent to the fiscal year 2024 mandatory funding level and a change in mandatory program (CHIMP), or 

post-sequester savings, of $128.4 million. Pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25), the reduced 

levels reflecting the 5.7 percent sequester that went into effect on October 1, 2020, are $3,724.6 million for fiscal year 

2023, $4,011.4 million for a fiscal year 2024 annualized CR, and $4,011.4 million for fiscal year 2025. 

This program provides formula grants to State Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) agencies to help individuals 

with disabilities become gainfully employed. These agencies provide a wide range of services to nearly one 

million individuals with disabilities annually. Services include vocational evaluation, counseling and 

guidance, work adjustment, diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental impairments, education and 

vocational training, job placement, and post-employment assistance. States that are unable to serve all 

eligible individuals with disabilities who apply must give priority to individuals with the most significant 

disabilities. The Request does not include the automatic inflationary increase provided in statute, as many 

States have struggled to expend their full awards for several years. The Administration’s Request includes 

a “hold harmless” provision to ensure that no State receives fewer funds through the formula allotment than 

it received in fiscal year 2024. As in previous years, States that are able to spend down their full awards 

will have the opportunity to obtain additional VR State Grant funding, if funds are available, through the 

annual reallotment process. The Department is also providing technical assistance to VR agencies to support 

the effective and timely expenditure of their awards. 

The Administration’s Request would also assist States and Tribal governments to increase the participation 

of individuals with disabilities in the workforce. Giving workers with disabilities the support and the 

opportunity to acquire the skills they need to pursue in-demand jobs and careers is critical to growing our 

economy. In 2023, the VR program helped more than 115,000 individuals with disabilities―93 percent 

with significant or the most significant disabilities―obtain competitive integrated employment. Of the 

amount requested for VR State grants in 2025, approximately $53.6 million would be set aside for the 

American Indian VR Services program, to support approximately 96 grants, including 95 continuation 

tribal grants and a technical assistance training grant.
34

CLIENT ASSISTANCE STATE GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $15.0 $13.0 $13.0

Note: The fiscal year 2023 level reflects a reprogramming of $2.0 million from the Disability Innovation Fund to the 

Client Assistance Program.

This program makes formula grants to States for activities to inform and advise clients of the benefits 

available to them under the Rehabilitation Act, to assist them in their relationships with service providers, 

and to ensure the protection of their rights under the Act. The Request would support the Client Assistance 

Program in providing approximately 20,200 advocacy services.

TRAINING

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $32.2 $29.4 $23.4

Note: The fiscal year 2023 level reflects a reprogramming of $2.8 million from the Disability Innovation Fund to the 

Training program.

The Training program makes competitive grants to State and other public or nonprofit agencies and 

organizations, including institutions of higher education, to help ensure that personnel with adequate skills 

are available to provide rehabilitation services to persons with disabilities. The Request includes a reduction

of $6.0 million to Training and a corresponding increase of $6.0 million for the Demonstration and Training 

program in the Rehabilitation Services account to provide the Department greater flexibility in meeting the 

technical assistance needs of State VR agencies and their consumers.

DEMONSTRATION AND TRAINING

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $11.1 $5.8 $11.8

Note: The fiscal year 2023 level reflects a reprogramming of $5.3 million from the Disability Innovation Fund to the 

Demonstration and Training program.

This program supports competitive grants and contracts to expand and improve services in promoting the 

employment and independence of individuals with disabilities in the community, as well as parent centers 

that provide training and information to individuals with disabilities and their parents, family members, 
35

guardians, advocates, or authorized representatives. The increased funding in fiscal year 2025 will support 

new awards under Technical Assistance.

SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT STATE GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $22.5 $22.5 $22.5

Through this formula grant program, State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies receive supplemental funds 

to assist consumers with the most significant disabilities in achieving the employment outcome of supported 

employment.

INDEPENDENT LIVING SERVICES FOR OLDER BLIND INDIVIDUALS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $33.3 $33.3 $33.3

The Independent Living Services for Older Blind Individuals program assists individuals aged 55 or older 

whose severe visual impairments make competitive employment difficult to obtain. Funds are provided 

under a formula to State VR agencies to provide services designed to help eligible individuals to adjust to

their blindness by increasing their ability to care for their individual needs. In fiscal year 2023, the program 

served 53,389 individuals with severe visual impairments.

PROTECTION AND ADVOCACY OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $20.2 $20.2 $20.2

The Protection and Advocacy of Individual Rights (PAIR) formula grant program funds systems in each 

State to protect and advocate for the legal and human rights of individuals with disabilities, helping them 

to pursue legal and administrative remedies to secure their rights under Federal law. The PAIR systems also 

provide information on, and referrals to, programs and services for individuals with disabilities. The 

Request would support advocacy services to approximately 33,400 individuals with disabilities.
36

HELEN KELLER NATIONAL CENTER FOR DEAF-BLIND YOUTHS AND ADULTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $19.0 $19.0 $19.0

This program serves individuals who are deaf-blind, their families, and service providers through a national 

headquarters center with a residential training and rehabilitation facility and a network of 10 regional offices 

that provide referral, counseling, training, and technical assistance services. The funds requested would 

serve an estimated 1,900 consumers, 650 families, and 1,650 agencies and organizations through its 

regional offices, and provide direct services for approximately 90 consumers at the Center’s residential 

training and rehabilitation program.

SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

-BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

American Printing House for the Blind $43.4 $43.4 $43.4

National Technical Institute for the Deaf 92.5 92.5 92.5

Gallaudet University 165.4 165.4 165.4

Total 301.3 301.3 301.3

For fiscal year 2025, total funding for these institutions would be $301.3 million, level with a fiscal year 

2024 annualized CR.

AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND

The American Printing House for the Blind (APH) manufactures and distributes specially adapted 

educational materials for students who are visually impaired, offers advisory services for consumers and 

educational agencies, and conducts applied research related to the development of new products.

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) provides postsecondary technical education and 

training for students who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as graduate education and interpreter training 

programs. NTID also conducts research and provides training related to the education and employment of 

individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. The Department maintains a contract with the Rochester 

Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York, for the operation of NTID. The Request provides support 

for operations, including funds that may be used for the Federal Endowment Grant program.
37

GALLAUDET UNIVERSITY

Gallaudet University (University) offers bilingual (i.e., American Sign Language and English) 

undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education programs for individuals who are deaf or hard of 

hearing, and for hearing students wishing to pursue careers in fields related to deafness. The University also 

operates the Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center (Clerc Center), which includes two accredited 

demonstration schools serving deaf and hard of hearing elementary and secondary students: the Kendall 

Demonstration Elementary School and the Model Secondary School for the Deaf. Through its National 

Mission programs, the Clerc Center is responsible for conducting research related to deaf education and for 

the provision of training and technical assistance to professionals and families around the country. The 

Request provides support for operations of the University and the Clerc Center, including funds that may 

be used for the Federal Endowment Grant program.

CAREER, TECHNICAL AND ADULT EDUCATION

OVERVIEW

A skilled workforce is critical for both strong communities and a strong economy, and the programs in this 

account support the President’s goal to invest in students and workers while building the capacity of the 

existing workforce development system. Today, most good jobs—those that provide a living wage—require 

some form of career-connected postsecondary education and training. By 2027, 70 percent of jobs will 

require education or training beyond high school. Our country must dramatically increase the number of 

Americans who possess a postsecondary education credential, and we must connect our education and 

workforce systems to expand and create new opportunities for all students to engage in innovative and 

promising, and equitable pathways that propel them to rewarding futures. The Department is committed to 

ensuring that every student has an onramp to postsecondary education and training, including by 

establishing and scaling innovative and promising systems of college and career pathways that integrate 

high schools, colleges, careers, and communities, and lead to students earning industry-recognized 

credentials and securing in-demand jobs.

The fiscal year 2025 President’s Budget would provide a discretionary increase of $40 million for Career 

and Technical Education (CTE) State grants, for a total request of $1.5 billion to support the President’s 

goal to invest in workforce development and build the capacity of the existing CTE programs that help 

introduce students to different careers as early as middle school; support attainment of both academic and 

career skills; help students learn about career pathways and attain credentials needed for careers; assist 

students in the transition from secondary education to postsecondary education and jobs; and help adults 

gain new skills and credentials needed to advance in their careers or pursue new career paths. 

The Request also would significantly expand CTE National Programs, providing an additional $32 million, 

with most funds focused on the Career-Connected High Schools initiative program to support competitive 

grants to partnerships of local educational agencies, institutions of higher education (including community 

colleges, the primary partners in current pathways models), and employers. Funds would support increased

integration and alignment of the last two years of high school and the first two years of postsecondary 

education to improve postsecondary and career outcomes for all students, including students of color and 

students from low-income backgrounds. Key activities would include dual enrollment in postsecondarylevel core content and career-connected coursework; work-based learning opportunities connected to 

programs of study; attainment of in-demand, career-related credentials; high-quality counseling and careernavigation supports; and educator professional development to support effective integration of academic 

and career-connected instruction across grades 11-14. This program supports student progress toward 

earning career-related credentials and a regular high school diploma, and supports their transition from 
38

secondary to postsecondary education and high-quality jobs. This program would include impact 

evaluations and build evidence of effectiveness for these activities. Remaining funds would be used for 

technical assistance, evaluation, and ongoing activities to support effective implementation of the CTE 

State Grants program.

The Request recognizes the importance of Adult Education programs in helping to increase the number of 

adults who have the basic literacy and numeracy skills required to participate successfully in workforce 

education and training programs, including meeting the basic entrance requirements of apprenticeship 

programs. The Request would provide $715.5 million for Adult Education State Grants, the same as the

2023 enacted level. Adult Education National Leadership Activities would be funded at $18.7 million, with 

the $5 million increase over the 2023 enacted level focused on an initiative to support programs at 

correctional institutions that use Pell Grant funds to provide access to postsecondary offerings as part of an 

adult education program.

CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

State Grants $1,429.8 $1,429.8 $1,469.8

National Programs 32.4 32.4 64.4

Total 1,462.3 1,462.3 1,534.2 

The Request provides $1.47 billion for the Career and Technical Education (CTE) State Grants program, 

an increase of $40 million over the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level. The Request would support the 

President’s goal to invest new models for workforce development and build the capacity of the existing 

workforce development system. Funding would help State and local workforce training programs deliver 

on the promise of the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act by better 

integrating academic and career and technical education; promoting student attainment of challenging 

academic standards along with technical skills; providing strong linkages between secondary and 

postsecondary education; helping prepare special populations for high-skill, high-wage, and in-demand 

industry sectors or occupations that will allow graduates to earn a living wage; and provide work-based 

learning opportunities and opportunities to gain postsecondary education credit while still attending high 

school.

The $64.4 million Request for CTE National Programs provides an increase of $32 million over the fiscal 

year 2024 annualized CR level. Of this Request, $57 million is for the Career-Connected High Schools 

initiative to support competitive grants to partnerships of local educational agencies, institutions of higher 

education (including community colleges, the primary partners in current pathways models), and 

employers. Remaining funds would be used for technical assistance, evaluation, and ongoing activities to 

support effective implementation of the CTE State Grants program.
39

ADULT EDUCATION

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Adult Education State Grants $715.5 $715.5 $715.5

National Leadership Activities 13.7 13.7 18.7

Total 729.2 729.2 734.2

The Adult Education and Family Literacy Act is authorized through the Workforce Innovation and 

Opportunity Act, which promotes alignment of the Adult Education programs with Federal job training 

programs and the postsecondary education system.

The Request provides $715.5 million for Adult Education State Grants, the same as the 2023 enacted level. 

The program assists adults without a high school diploma or the equivalent to become literate and obtain 

the skills necessary for postsecondary education, employment, and economic self-sufficiency.

The $18.7 million Request for National Leadership Activities continues support for State efforts to increase 

the literacy and workforce skills of adults and program evaluation. It includes $5 million to support 

programs at correctional institutions that use Pell Grant funds to provide access to postsecondary education

offerings as part of an adult education program and to provide technical assistance in this area. 

STUDENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

OVERVIEW

The Federal student aid programs provide grant, loan, and work-study assistance to help students afford a 

postsecondary education and realize the lifelong benefits of an education beyond high school such as 

financial stability. The Budget includes both discretionary and mandatory funding that would make 

available $135 billion in new Federal student aid to help over 9 million students and their families pay for 

college.

Pell Grants have been the foundation of low- and moderate-income students’ financial aid for decades; 

however, the value has diminished as college costs have risen. The Administration’s fiscal year 2025 budget 

would set a maximum award of $8,145 for award year 2025-26, an increase of $750 over the 2024-2025 

award year. This includes a $100 increase in the maximum award in discretionary funding and a $650 

increase to the mandatory add-on. Students attending public and non-profit institutions will be eligible to 

receive the increased mandatory add-on. The maximum award for students at proprietary institutions will 

be $7,495. The Administration continues to prioritize doubling the maximum award by 2029 to ensure 

college is accessible and affordable and provides additional mandatory funding to create a path to achieving 

this, in combination with continued discretionary increases.

The Administration intends to work with Congress to ensure access to student financial aid for Dreamers. 

The Administration looks forward to working with Congress on reforms that improve outcomes for student 

loan borrowers and make the administration of student loans more effective and efficient. 
40

STUDENT AID SUMMARY TABLE

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Pell Grants:

Discretionary funding

$22,475.4 $22,475.4 $24,576.4

Pell Grants 

Mandatory funding1 6,245.7 6,724.0 9,898.0

Subtotal, Pell Grants 28,721.1 29,199.4 34,474.4 

Federal Supplemental 

Educational Opportunity Grant

910.0 910.0 910.0

Federal Work-Study 1,230.0 1,230.0 1,230.0

TEACH Grants2 7.8 46.2 39.2 

Iraq and Afghanistan Service 

Grants

0.7 0.5 0.0 

Federal Family Education 

Loans3

 -2,539.4 9,637.2 0.0

Federal Direct Loans4 -185,185.7 97,146.6 42,266.9 

Total, Student Aid -156,855.5 138,169.9 78,920.5 

1 Amounts appropriated for Pell Grants for 2023, 2024, and 2025 include mandatory funding provided in the Higher 

Education Act, as amended, to fund both the base maximum award and add-on award.

2 For budget and financial management purposes, this program is operated as a credit program under the Federal Credit 

Reform Act of 1990. The 2024 amount includes a net upward reestimate of $7.3 million. The 2023 amount includes a net 

downward reestimate of $12.7 million and net downward modification of -$39.1 million. The net downward modification 

for fiscal year 2023 reflects costs related to Student Debt Relief reversal and Fresh Start. The amount for 2025 reflects new

loan subsidy.

3 Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) budget authority does not include the Liquidating account. The FFEL reestimates 

include the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act (ECASLA) reestimates. The 2023 amount includes a net 

upward reestimate of $2.0 billion and downward modification of -$4.6 billion. The fiscal year 2023 FFEL net modification 

reflects costs related to the extension of COVID-19 emergency relief measures on federal student loans through August 30, 

2023. The FFEL net modification in fiscal year 2023 also reflects costs related to Student Debt Relief reversal and Fresh 

Start. The amount for fiscal year 2024 reflects a net upward reestimate of $9.6 billion.

4 The 2023 amount includes a net downward reestimate of $1.9 billion and downward modifications of $202.6 billion. The 

fiscal year 2023 Direct Loan net modification reflect costs related to the extension of COVID-19 emergency relief measures 

on federal student loans through August 30, 2023. The Direct Loan net modification in fiscal year 2023 also reflects costs 

related to final regulations that streamline and improve the rules for major targeted debt relief programs. The Direct Loan 

net modification in fiscal year 2023 also reflects costs related to the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan, Student 

Debt Relief reversal and Fresh Start. The 2024 amount includes a net upward reestimate of $64.2 billion.
41

AID AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS

in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Pell Grants $31,263.6 $35,462.8 $39,284.2 

Supplemental Educational Opportunity 

Grants

1,293.8 1,293.8 1,293.8 

Work-Study 1,247.9 1,247.9 1,247.9 

Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grants 0.7 0.0 0.0

New Federal Direct Loans1 88,382.1 91,579.8 93,100.0 

New TEACH Grants 70.9 71.7 72.6 

Total, Aid Available to Students2 122,259.0 129,656.0 134,998.6 

Unduplicated Count of Postsecondary 

Students Aided by Department Programs

8,766 9,224 9,307 

1 Consolidation Loans for existing borrowers will total $40.8 billion in 2023, $42.1 billion in 2024, and $41.5 billion 

in 2025.

2 Shows total aid generated by Department programs.
42

NUMBER OF STUDENT AID AWARDS

in thousands 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Pell Grants 6,471.0 7,033.0 7,153.0

Supplemental Educational Opportunity 

Grants

1,615.0 1,615.0 1,615.0

Work-Study 630.0 630.0 630.0

Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grants 0.1 0.0 0.0

New Federal Direct Loans1 12,589.0 13,042.7 13,116.5 

New TEACH Grants 23.4 23.7 24.0

Total, Number of Student Aid Awards 21,328.5 22,344.4 22,538.5 

1 Excludes Consolidation Loans. Consolidation Loans for existing borrowers will total 860,000 in 2023, 888,000 in 

2024, and 875,000 in 2025.
43

FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM: BUDGET AUTHORITY

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Discretionary budget authority $22,475.4 $22,475.4 $24,576.4

Mandatory budget authority 5,150.7 5,629.0 8,743.0

Definite mandatory funding 1,095.0 1,095.0 1,115.0

Total 28,721.1 29,199.4 34,474.4

FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM: MAXIMUM GRANT

in whole dollars 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Discretionary portion $6,335 $6,335 $6,435

Mandatory add-on 1,060 1,060 1,710

Total 7,395 7,395 8,145

FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM: DATA

Program costs (dollars in millions) $31,296.0 $35,498.0 $39,320.0

Aid available (dollars in millions) $31,263.6 $35,462.8 $39,284.2

Average grant (in whole dollars) $4,831 $5,042 $5,492

Recipients (in thousands) 6,471 7,033 7,153

The Federal Pell Grant program helps ensure financial access to postsecondary education by providing 

grant aid to low- and moderate-income undergraduate students. The program is the largest need-based 

postsecondary student grant program, with individual awards based on the financial circumstances of 

students and their families. The fiscal year 2025 Request provides $24.6 billion for Pell Grants and lays out 
44

a path to double the grant by 2029. The Budget increases the maximum award to $8,145, a $750 increase 

over the current level, thereby expanding access and making college more affordable for an estimated 7.2 

million students. 

CAMPUS-BASED AID PROGRAMS

Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (FSEOG) and Federal Work-Study are called the 

“campus-based aid” programs because they make grants directly to participating institutions, which have 

considerable flexibility to package awards based on the needs of their students.

FEDERAL SUPPLEMENTAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY GRANTS 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $910.0 $910.0 $910.0

Aid available (dollars in millions) $1,293.8 $1,293.8 $1,293.8

Average award (in whole dollars) $801 $801 $801

Recipients (in thousands) 1,615 1,615 1,615

The FSEOG program provides need-based grant aid to eligible undergraduate students to help reduce 

financial barriers to postsecondary education. Federal funding allocations are awarded to qualifying 

postsecondary institutions under a statutory formula. The Request funds FSEOG at $910 million, the same 

as the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR. 
45

FEDERAL WORK-STUDY

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $1,230.0 $1,230.0 $1,230.0

Aid available (dollars in millions) $1,247.9 $1,247.9 $1,247.9

Average award (in whole dollars) $1,980 $1,980 $1,980

Recipients (in thousands) 630 630 630 

The Federal Work-Study program provides grants to participating institutions to pay up to 75 percent (with 

some exceptions) of the wages of eligible undergraduate and graduate students working part-time to help 

pay their college costs. The school or another eligible employer provides the balance of the student’s wages. 

The Request funds Federal Work-Study at $1,230 million, the same as the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR. 

IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN SERVICE GRANTS 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in thousands $664 $530 $30

Aid available (dollars in thousands) $679 $0 $0

Average award (in whole dollars)1 $6,230 $0 $0

Recipients — 2 0 0 

The Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grant (IASG) program provides non-need-based grants to students whose 

parent or guardian was a member of the Armed Forces who died in Iraq or Afghanistan as a result of 

performing military service after September 11, 2001. Of those dependents of deceased service men and 

women, students who meet the financial criteria for the Pell Grant program are eligible for a maximum Pell 

Grant and those who do not are eligible to receive a Service Grant. Additionally, students must be 24 years 

old or younger; or, if older than 24, must have been enrolled in an institution of higher education at the time 

of the parent or guardian’s death. Service Grants are equal to the maximum Pell Grant for a given award 

1 Average award amounts reflect impact of sequestration.

2 Number of recipients estimated to be fewer than 500.
46

year, subject to sequestration. Beginning with the 2024-25 award year, eligibility for this program will be 

folded into the Pell Grant program.

TEACH GRANTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions1 $7.8 $46.2 $39.2 

Aid available to students (in millions) $70.9 $71.7 $72.6 

Maximum grant (in whole dollars) $4,000 $4,000 $4,000

Average grant (in whole dollars) $3,025 $3,025 $3,025

Recipients (in thousands) 23.4 23.7 24.0

The TEACH Grant program makes it more affordable to become a teacher, addressing a critical barrier to 

eliminating educator shortages, by awarding annual grants of up to $4,000 to eligible undergraduate and 

graduate students who agree to serve, within 8 years of graduation, as full-time teachers in a high-need field 

(e.g., mathematics, science, foreign language, bilingual education, special education, or reading) at a highneed school for not less than 4 years. For students who fail to fulfill this service requirement, grants are 

converted to Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans with interest accrued from the date the grants were 

awarded. For budget and financial management purposes, the TEACH program is operated as a loan 

program with 100 percent forgiveness of outstanding principal and interest upon completion of a student’s 

service requirement. Consistent with the requirements of the Credit Reform Act of 1990, budget authority 

for this program reflects the estimated net present value of all future non-administrative Federal costs 

associated with awards made in a given fiscal year.

1 The 2024 amount includes a net upward reestimate of $7.3 million. The 2023 amount includes a net downward 

reestimate of $12.7 million and net downward modification of -$39.1 million. The net downward modification for 

fiscal year 2023 reflects costs related to Student Debt Relief reversal and Fresh Start. The amount for 2025 reflects 

new loan subsidy.
47

FEDERAL FAMILY EDUCATION LOANS AND DIRECT LOANS

1 FFEL budget authority does not include the liquidating account.

2 Under Credit Reform, costs or savings related to the impact of enacted policy changes on existing loans are reflected 

in the current year. The fiscal year 2023 FFEL and Direct Loan modifications reflect costs related to the extension of 

COVID-19 emergency relief measures on federal student loans through August 30, 2023. The Direct Loan 

modifications in fiscal year 2023 also reflects costs related to final regulations that streamline and improve the rules 

for major targeted debt relief programs. The Direct Loan and FFEL modifications in fiscal year 2023 also reflects 

costs related to Student Debt Relief reversal and Fresh Start.

3 Under Credit Reform, the subsidy amounts are reestimated annually in both Direct Loans and FFEL to account for 

changes in long-term projections. Reestimates and modifications reflect the impact of changes on outstanding

portfolios of $118 billion for FFEL, $38 billion for ECASLA, and $1,336 billion for Direct Loans.

4 Total includes amount for Consolidation Loans.

BA in millions1 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Federal Family Education Loans: 

Net modification of existing loans2

 -$4,565.1 - - 

Federal Family Education Loans: 

Net reestimate of existing loans3 $2,025.7 $9,637.2 - 

Subtotal, FFEL program -$2,539.4 $9,637.2 - 

Federal Direct Loans: 

New Loan Subsidies4

$19,290.1 $32,986.3 $42,266.9 

Federal Direct Loans:

Net modification of existing loans2 -$202,558.3 - - 

Federal Direct Loans:

Net reestimate of existing loans3 -$1,917.5 $64,160.4 - 

Subtotal, Direct Loan program -$185,185.7 $97,146.6 $42,266.9

Total, student loans -$187,725.06 $106,783.88 $42,266.9 
48

DIRECT LOANS: NEW LOAN VOLUME (DOLLARS) 

DIRECT LOANS: NEW LOAN VOLUME (NUMBERS) 

(in thousands) 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Stafford loans 4,673 4,834 4,856

Unsubsidized Stafford loans 6,557 6,813 6,847

Parent PLUS loans 713 733 753

Grad PLUS loans 647 663 660

Total1 12,589 13,043 13,117

The Department of Education operates two major student loan programs—the Federal Family Education 

Loan (FFEL) program and the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program—but since 

July 1, 2010, the Department has made new loans only through the Direct Loan program. The legacy FFEL 

program made loans to students and their families through private lenders, with loans guaranteed by the 

Federal Government and administered by State and private nonprofit guaranty agencies.

1 Consolidation Loans for existing borrowers will total $40.8 billion and 860,000 loans in 2023, $42.1 billion and 

888,000 loans in 2024, and $41.5 billion and 875,000 loans in 2025.

(in millions) 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Stafford loans $16,329.1 $16,867.2 $16,994.7 

Unsubsidized Stafford loans 45,554.8 47,228.8 47,672.1 

Parent PLUS loans 12,217.9 12,836.0 13,442.8 

Grad PLUS loans 14,280.2 14,647.8 14,990.4 

Total1 88,382.1 91,579.8 93,100.0 
49

Under the Direct Loan program, the Federal Government provides the loan capital and schools disburse 

loan funds to students. The Department carries out its loan origination and servicing functions under Direct 

Loans through private contractors. The Direct Loan program features four types of loans with fixed interest 

rates that are set annually (note that these descriptions are for current law). 

• Stafford Loans are low-interest loans with annual and aggregate limits available to undergraduate 

students based on financial need. The Federal Government pays the interest while the student is in 

school and during certain grace and deferment periods. The current interest rate for undergraduate 

loans made in award year 2023–2024 is 5.50 percent.

• Unsubsidized Stafford Loans are low-interest loans with annual and aggregate limits available to 

undergraduate and graduate students, regardless of financial need. The Federal Government does 

not pay interest for the student during in-school, grace, and deferment periods. The interest rate is

5.50 percent for undergraduate borrowers and 7.05 percent for graduate and professional borrowers 

in award year 2023-2024. 

• PLUS Loans are available to parents of dependent undergraduate students and to graduate and 

professional students. There is no annual or aggregate limit on the amount that can be borrowed 

other than the cost of attendance minus other student financial aid. The interest rate is 8.05 percent 

in award year 2023–2024, and the Federal Government does not pay interest during in-school, 

grace, and deferment periods.

• Consolidation Loans allow borrowers with multiple student loans who meet certain criteria to 

combine their loans and extend their repayment schedules. The rate for both FFEL and Direct 

Consolidation Loans is based on the weighted average of loans consolidated rounded up to the 

nearest one-eighth of 1 percent. The resulting rate for the consolidated loan is then fixed for the life 

of the loan.

The Administration looks forward to working with Congress on reforms that improve outcomes for student 

loan borrowers and make the administration of student loans more effective and efficient. The Department’s

2025 budget proposes to eliminate origination fees. Origination fees were originally created to offset the 

costs of banks and private institutions providing federally guaranteed and subsidized federal student loans 

in the FFEL program. The FFEL program ended in 2010, eliminating the need for an origination fee to 

offset those costs. The origination fee is set at a percentage of the loan that is deducted from the amount 

actually received by the borrower. Borrowers are expected to pay back the full borrowed amount inclusive 

of the origination fee, rather than the amount they actually received, with interest. Eliminating these fees 

would be a step in the direction of lowering the cost of higher education.

FREE COMMUNITY COLLEGE, TUITION SUBSIDIES, AND REDUCING THE COSTS OF 

COLLEGE

OVERVIEW

The Budget includes a mandatory proposal to create partnerships between the federal government and 

States, territories, and Tribes to make two years of community college free for first-time students and 

workers wanting to reskill. The program would operate as a first-dollar program, allowing students to use 

Pell Grants and other Federal, State, and institutional aid to help them cover expenses beyond tuition and 

fees. The Budget includes a proposal to provide grants to eligible four-year HBCUs, TCCUs, and MSIs. 

The Budget proposes funding for two years of subsidized tuition up to $4,500 per year for students from 

families earning less than $125,000.
50

In addition, the Request would invest $12 billion in mandatory funding for a new Reducing the Costs of 

College Fund, which reflects the administration’s commitment to increasing the affordability of higher 

education and putting more money back in the pockets of students. This investment would provide funds 

to support three components related to reducing the costs of postsecondary education for students: 

increasing access to free career-connected dual enrollment programs for all interested high school students; 

providing awards to colleges and universities that deliver an excellent education at an affordable price to 

expand the number of students served and to share best practices; and providing funding to scale evidencebased strategies that increase college completion rates, reduce cost burdens for students, and lower costs 

per graduate.

FREE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Mandatory BA in millions — — $90,000.0

The Request for Free Community College is a proposed mandatory grant program for States, territories, 

and Tribes to make community colleges free for eligible students. This proposal will ensure that first-time 

students and workers wanting to reskill can enroll in a community college to earn a degree or credential for 

free. 

ADVANCING AFFORDABILITY FOR STUDENTS

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Mandatory BA in millions — — $30,000.0

The Request for Advancing Affordability for Students is a proposed mandatory grant program. Funds are 

provided to eligible four-year HBCUs, TCCUs, or MSIs to provide two years of subsidized tuition up to 

$4,500 per year for students from families earning less than $125,000.

REDUCING THE COSTS OF COLLEGE FUND

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Mandatory BA in millions — — $12,000.0

The Request includes a new mandatory $12 billion investment in the Reducing the Costs of College Fund. 

This fund would reduce costs for students by investing in three components. First, it would provide funding 

through Classroom to Career to support states to expand access to at least 12 credits of free, careerconnected dual enrollment for all interested high school students. Second, it would fund awards through 
51

Incentivizing Excellence for colleges and universities that deliver an excellent education at an affordable 

price to expand the number of students served and to share best practices. Finally, it would provide grants 

through Scaling Evidence-Based Strategies to scale evidence-based strategies that are already saving 

students thousands of dollars for college by increasing college completion rates, reducing cost burdens for 

students, and lowering costs per graduate.

HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS

OVERVIEW

The Request includes $3.3 billion in discretionary funds for Higher Education programs aimed at increasing 

access to a high-quality education and improving achievement and completion for all students.

To foster more and better opportunities in higher education for communities that are often underserved, the 

Request provides $1.4 billion in discretionary and mandatory funding to expand capacity at institutions of 

higher education that serve high proportions of students of color. This includes a discretionary request of 

$855.1 million for Aid for Institutional Development (Title III, which funds HBCUs, TCCUs, and MSIs,

as well as community colleges with low endowments and below-average educational and general 

expenditures), an increase of $71.7 million or 9.2 percent over the 2024 annualized CR level; and $276.3 

million for Aid for Hispanic-Serving Institutions (Title V), an increase of $21.3 million, or 8.3 percent, over 

the 2024 annualized CR level. In addition to the discretionary Request, $255 million is available in 

mandatory funding in fiscal year 2025. The Request for Title III and Title V demonstrates the 

Administration’s commitment to assisting institutions that enroll a large proportion of students of color and 

students from low-income backgrounds by providing funds to improve institutions’ academic programs and 

administrative and fundraising capabilities.

The Request would provide $1.2 billion in fiscal year 2025 for the Federal TRIO Programs, an increase of 

$20 million over the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level, to provide services to encourage underserved 

individuals to enroll in and complete college and postgraduate education. Additionally, the Request includes 

$398.0 million, an increase of $10.0 million over the 2024 annualized CR, to assist middle and high school 

students in preparing for college through Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate 

Programs (GEAR UP).

The Request provides $81.5 million for the International Education and Foreign Language Studies

programs to help meet the Nation's security and economic needs through the development of expertise in 

foreign languages and area and international studies. The Request provides $23.5 million for the Graduate 

Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) program, which provides fellowships to graduate students 

of exceptional promise and high financial need studying in areas of national need. 

For fiscal year 2025, the Administration requests $80 million for the Child Care Access Means Parents in 

School (CCAMPIS) program, an increase of $5 million from the 2024 annualized CR level. The CCAMPIS 

program helps to ensure that student parents with low-incomes enroll in, persist in, and complete 

postsecondary education by helping to meet their needs for affordable and convenient child care. The 

Request reflects the Administration’s strong commitment to closing equity gaps that limit access to and 

success in postsecondary education, including the extra challenges faced by underserved college student 

parents in finding high-quality, low-cost child care.

The Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE) would receive $262.0 million, up 

$78.0 million over the 2024 annualized CR level to support three existing programs and three new grant 

programs. The HBCU, TCCU, and MSI Research and Development Infrastructure Grants program supports 
52

both planning and implementation grants designed to promote transformational investments in research 

infrastructure, including physical infrastructure and human capital development. The Postsecondary 

Student Success program provides competitive grants to IHEs and systems of IHEs to implement, expand, 

and evaluate evidence-based and data-driven student success strategies to improve student outcomes. The 

new Statewide Reform Grants program would provide competitive grants to States and State higher 

education governing, policy, and coordinating entities to implement statewide improvements and reforms 

to the entire spectrum of postsecondary education—including access, credit mobility, and career outcomes 

and student success. The new Comprehensive Postsecondary Student Supports program would provide 

grants to IHEs, consortia, or systems of IHEs to improve institutional support for basic and mental health 

needs and strengthen institutional and systemwide capacity to better leverage the internal and external 

resources needed to address the full range of barriers to student success. The new Postsecondary 

Advancement and Success Technical Assistance Center would support IHEs, consortia and systems of 

IHEs, and States to apply evidence-based practices and data-driven solutions to improve student outcomes 

and ensure that inclusive and equitable higher education opportunities are available to all students. The 

Open Textbooks Pilot supports projects at IHEs to create new open textbooks or expand their use while 

maintaining or improving instruction and student learning outcomes, thus lowering costs for students.

The Request would make two significant investments in teacher recruitment and preparation at the 

postsecondary education level, including $95 million, for the Teacher Quality Partnership (TQP) program, 

an increase of $25 million over the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level, to help support a variety of 

effective pathways into teaching and support our Nation’s teaching force in improving student opportunities 

and outcomes; and $30 million for the Hawkins Centers of Excellence program designed to increase the 

number of new teachers of color and multilingual teachers prepared through high-quality, comprehensive 

programs at HBCUs, TCCUs, and MSIs, such as Hispanic-Serving Institutions. 

To help continue funding evidence building to improve postsecondary education, the Request again

proposes through appropriations language an HEA pooled evaluation authority to improve data collection 

and conduct rigorous research and evaluations of the Department’s postsecondary education programs. The 

pooled evaluation authority, which was included in the fiscal year 2022 and 2023 appropriations, is modeled 

after the successful authority incorporated into the Elementary and Secondary Education Act reauthorized

by the Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015. The authority would permit the Department to continue to 

reserve up to 0.5 percent of funding appropriated for each HEA program, with the exception of the Pell 

Grant program and the Student Aid Administration account.
53

AID FOR INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

BA in millions 2023

2024 

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Strengthening Institutions Program (SIP) $122.1 $122.1 $140.0

Strengthening Tribally Controlled Colleges and 

Universities (TCCUs)

51.5 51.5 56.4

Strengthening Tribally Controlled Colleges and 

Universities (mandatory TCCUs)

28.3 28.3 30.0

Strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiianserving Institutions (ANNHs)24.4 24.4 25.8

Strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiianserving Institutions (mandatory ANNHs)14.1 14.1 15.0

Strengthening Historically Black Colleges and 

Universities (HBCUs)

396.0 396.0 431.6

Strengthening Historically Black Colleges and 

Universities (mandatory HBCUs)

80.2 80.2 85.0

Strengthening Historically Black Graduate Institutions 

(HBGIs)

100.8 100.8 108.5

Strengthening HBCU Master’s Program 19.9 19.9 21.3

Strengthening Predominantly Black Institutions (PBIs) 22.3 22.3 23.7

Strengthening Predominantly Black Institutions 

(mandatory PBIs)

14.1 14.1 15.0

Strengthening Asian American- and Native American 

Pacific Islander-serving Institutions (AANAPISIs)

18.6 18.6 19.9

Strengthening Asian American- and Native American 

Pacific Islander-serving

Institutions (mandatory AANAPISIs)

4.7 4.7 5.0

Strengthening Native American-serving nontribal 

institutions (NASNTIs)

11.4 11.4 11.6

Strengthening Native American-serving nontribal 

institutions (mandatory NASNTIs)

4.7 4.7 5.0

Minority Science and Engineering Improvement 

(MSEIP)

16.4 16.4 16.4

Total 929.6 929.6 1,010.1

Discretionary 783.4 783.4 855.1

Mandatory1 146.2 146.2 155.0

The Request for Aid for Institutional Development (Title III) continues to support institutions, including 

community colleges, that serve large percentages of students of color and students from low-income 

backgrounds. Title III funding, which is awarded both competitively and by a formula that directs aid to 

specified institutions, helps provide equal educational opportunity and strong academic programs for these 

1 Mandatory appropriations are provided under Section 371 of the HEA, as amended by P.L. 116-91. The 2024 and 

2023 levels for mandatory programs have been reduced by 5.7 percent, which became effective on October 1, 2023, 

and October 1, 2022, respectively, pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25). Although the 2025 level 

for mandatory programs is expected to be reduced by 5.7 percent, the amount in the table does not include the sequester 

reduction.
54

students and enhances the financial stability of the institutions that serve them. Funds may be used to plan, 

develop, and implement activities that support student services, interventions that promote degree 

completion, and faculty development; administrative management; development and improvement of 

academic programs; joint use of libraries and laboratories; construction, maintenance, and renovation of 

instructional facilities; and endowment funds.

The Strengthening Institutions Program supports institutions, especially community colleges, that provide 

educational opportunities to students of color and students from low-income backgrounds. Fiscal year 2025 

funding would support a competition for new awards and support continuation awards to approximately

340 grantees.

Strengthening ANNH program supports institutions with undergraduate enrollments that are at least 20 

percent Alaska Native and at least 10 percent Native Hawaiian students, respectively. The discretionary 

Request would support awards for these institutions, which typically are located in remote areas not served 

by other institutions. For fiscal year 2025, appropriations language is sought authorizing the Secretary to 

distribute funding to all eligible ANNH institutions using a formula similar to the funding formula used to 

determine grant allocations in the Strengthening PBIs program.

Strengthening TCCUs supports 35 Tribal Colleges and Universities located primarily in remote areas not 

served by other postsecondary education institutions. These institutions offer a broad range of degree and 

vocational certificate programs to students for whom these educational opportunities would otherwise be 

geographically and culturally inaccessible.

Strengthening HBCUs supports any accredited, legally authorized HBCU that was established prior to 1964 

and which retains a principal mission of educating Black students. Fiscal year 2025 funding would support 

98 HBCUs.

Strengthening HBGIs supports 24 postgraduate institutions with schools of law, medical schools, or other 

graduate programs.

Strengthening HBCU Master’s Program supports 18 HBCUs, specified in Section 723 of the HEA, 

determined to be making a substantial contribution to graduate education opportunities for Black students

at the master’s level in mathematics, engineering, the physical or natural sciences, computer science, 

information technology, nursing, allied health, or other scientific disciplines.

Strengthening PBIs makes awards to primarily urban and rural 2-year colleges that have an enrollment of 

undergraduate students that is at least 40 percent Black students and that serve at least 50 percent lowincome or first-generation college students.

Strengthening AANAPISIs supports institutions with undergraduate enrollments that are at least 10 percent 

Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander.

Strengthening NASNTIs supports institutions that are not designated as TCCUs yet enroll at least 10 percent 

Native American students and serve at least 50 percent low-income students. For fiscal year 2025, 

appropriations language is sought authorizing the Secretary to distribute funding to all eligible NASNTI 

institutions using a formula similar to the funding formula used to determine grant allocations in the 

Strengthening PBIs program.

The Minority Science and Engineering Improvement program would fund approximately 30 new grants 

and 32 continuation grants that support improvement in science and engineering education at predominantly 
55

minority institutions and increase the participation of underrepresented ethnic minorities, particularly 

minority women, in scientific and technological careers.

In addition to these discretionary requested levels, a total of $255 million is available in mandatory funding 

in fiscal year 2025 for the Title III and Title V programs authorized by Section 371 of the HEA—

$155 million for the Title III programs and $100 million for Title V programs.

AID FOR HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS

BA in millions 2023

2024 

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions 

(HSIs) (discretionary)

$227.8 $227.8 $246.5

Promoting Postbaccalaureate 

Opportunities for Hispanic Americans 

(discretionary)

27.3 27.3 29.8

Mandatory Developing HSI STEM and 

Articulation Programs

94.3 94.3 100.0

Total 349.4 349.4 376.3

Discretionary 255.1 255.1 276.3

Mandatory1 94.3 94.3 100.0

The Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) program funds competitive grants to expand and 

enhance the academic quality, institutional management, fiscal stability, and self-sufficiency of colleges 

and universities that enroll large percentages of Hispanic students.

The Promoting Postbaccalaureate Opportunities for Hispanic Americans program provides funds to eligible 

HSIs that offer a postbaccalaureate certificate or postbaccalaureate degree-granting program. The program 

is designed to help Hispanic Americans gain entry into and succeed in graduate study, a level of education 

in which they are underrepresented.

1 Mandatory appropriations are provided under Section 371 of the HEA, as amended by P.L. 116-91. The 2024 and 

2023 levels for mandatory programs have been reduced by 5.7 percent which became effective on October 1, 2023, 

and October 1, 2022, respectively, pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25). Although the 2025 level 

for mandatory programs is expected to be reduced by 5.7 percent, the amount in the table does not include the sequester 

reduction.
56

The HSI STEM and Articulation Program is designed to increase the number of Hispanic and other students 

from low-income backgrounds attaining degrees in STEM fields and to support the development of model 

transfer and articulation agreements between 2-year HSIs and 4-year IHEs in such fields.

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES (IEFLS)

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Domestic Programs $75.4 $75.4 $73.3

Overseas Programs 10.3 10.3 8.2

Total 85.7 85.7 81.5

These programs support comprehensive language and area study centers within the United States, research 

and curriculum development, and opportunities for American scholars to study abroad. In addition to 

promoting general understanding of the peoples of other countries, the Department’s International Programs 

also serve important economic, diplomatic, defense, and other national security interests. The Request 

would enable the Department to help maintain the national capacity in teaching and learning less commonly 

taught languages and associated area studies and to continue to work toward increasing the global 

competency of all U.S. students. All funds requested in fiscal year 2025 for the Domestic Programs would 

support continuation awards. Funds requested in fiscal year 2025 for the Overseas Programs would support

new grants and fellowships.

TRIBALLY CONTROLLED POSTSECONDARY CAREER AND TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $12.0 $12.0 $12.0

The Request would support awards to Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions 

that meet the program’s eligibility requirements to fund instructional and student support services under the 

Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act.
57

SPECIAL PROGRAMS FOR MIGRANT STUDENTS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $52.1 $52.1 $52.1

The Request provides $52.1 million for Special Programs for Migrant Students in support of the President’s 

goal to advance equity in education. Special Programs for Migrant Students includes the High School 

Equivalency Program (HEP), which funds competitively selected projects to help low-income migratory 

and seasonal farmworkers and fishers earn high school diplomas or equivalency certificates, and the College 

Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP), which makes competitive grants to provide stipends and special 

services, such as tutoring and counseling, to migratory students who are in their first year of college. 
58

FEDERAL TRIO PROGRAMS

BA in millions1 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Talent Search $177.4 $197.1 $197.1

Upward Bound 381.3 382.1 382.1

Veterans Upward Bound 22.1 22.3 22.3 

Upward Bound Math-Science 79.1 79.6 79.6

Educational Opportunity Centers 63.9 66.0 66.0 

Student Support Services 394.4 367.3 382.3

McNair Post Baccalaureate Achievement 60.8 61.4 61.4 

Staff Training 4.4 4.4 4.0 

Administration/Peer Review 7.7 11.0 11.4

National Activities 0.0 0.0 5.0

Total 1,191.0 1,191.0 1,211.0

The TRIO programs are among the Department’s largest investments aimed at getting more students 

prepared for, into, and through postsecondary education. The Request provides more than $20 million over

the fiscal year 2024 annualized CR level and would enable the Department to make increased investments 

in student retention and completion through a new award competition for the Student Support Services 

program, while also maintaining support for more than 1,800 TRIO projects begun in prior years.

1 Fiscal year 2024 and 2025 program amounts are not final and may change.
59

GAINING EARLY AWARENESS AND READINESS FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS (GEAR UP)

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $388.0 $388.0 $398.0

GEAR UP provides funds to States and partnerships for early college preparation and awareness activities 

to help elementary and secondary school students from low-income backgrounds prepare for and pursue 

postsecondary education. Several features of GEAR UP, including targeting entire grades of students, 

partnering with local organizations and businesses, and matching Federal funds with local contributions, 

allow projects to serve large numbers of students. The Request increases funding by $10.0 million from the 

2024 annualized CR level and would support new and continuation awards for approximately 40 States and 

106 Partnerships in fiscal year 2025. 

GRADUATE ASSISTANCE IN AREAS OF NATIONAL NEED (GAANN) 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $23.5 $23.5 $23.5

GAANN provides fellowships, through competitive grants to postsecondary institutions, to graduate 

students with superior ability and high financial need studying in areas of national need. Participating 

graduate schools must provide assurances that they would seek talented students from traditionally 

underrepresented backgrounds. The 2025 Request would support approximately 415 fellowships.

TRANSITION PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES INTO HIGHER 

EDUCATION (TPSID)

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $13.8 $13.8 $13.8

The TPSID program supports competitive grants awarded to institutions of higher education or consortia 

of such institutions to create or expand high-quality, inclusive model comprehensive transition and 

postsecondary education programs for students with intellectual disabilities. The Request would support 22 

new awards.
60

CHILD CARE ACCESS MEANS PARENTS IN SCHOOL 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $75.0 $75.0 $80.0

This competitive grant program supports the participation of parents with low-incomes in postsecondary 

education through campus-based childcare services. Grants made to institutions of higher education must 

be used to supplement childcare services or start a new program, not to supplant funds for current childcare 

services. The program gives priority to institutions that leverage local or institutional resources and employ 

a sliding fee scale. The Request for 2025 would support new and continuation awards. 

FUND FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $184.0 $184.0 $262.0

The Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education supports a wide range of activities to support 

State and institutional reforms and innovative and promising programs with the potential to transform 

postsecondary education. This Request increases funding by $78.0 million above the 2024 annualized CR 

level to support three existing programs and three new grant programs.

The Request also targets resources to fund comprehensive and systemic reforms, including supporting 

student mental health and basic needs, to reduce barriers to and support of successful completion of 

postsecondary education credentials for underserved students. The Postsecondary Student Success program 

provides competitive grants to IHEs and systems of IHEs to implement, expand, and evaluate evidencebased and data-driven student success strategies to improve student outcomes. The new Statewide Reform 

Grants program would provide competitive grants to States and State higher education governing, policy, 

and coordinating entities to implement statewide improvements and reforms to the entire spectrum of 

postsecondary education, including access, credit mobility, and career outcomes and student success. The 

new Comprehensive Postsecondary Student Supports program would provide grants to IHEs, consortia, or 

systems of IHEs to improve institutional support for basic and mental health needs and strengthen 

institutional and systemwide capacity to better leverage the internal and external resources needed to 

address the full range of barriers to student success. The new Postsecondary Advancement and Success 

Technical Assistance Center would support IHEs, consortia and systems of IHEs, and States to apply 

evidence-based practices and data-driven solutions to improve student outcomes and ensure that inclusive 

and equitable higher education opportunities are available to all students. 

The HBCU, TCCU, and MSI Research and Development Infrastructure Grants program supports both

planning and implementation grants designed to promote transformational investments in research 

infrastructure, including physical infrastructure and human capital development. The Open Textbooks Pilot 

supports projects at IHEs to create new open textbooks or expand their use while maintaining or improving 

instruction and student learning outcomes, thus lowering costs for students. 
61

TEACHER QUALITY PARTNERSHIP (TQP)

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $70.0 $70.0 $95.0

This program supports projects that improve the preparation of teachers, including high-quality prebaccalaureate and residency programs, grow your own programs that support the development of teachers 

from the communities schools serve, and may be part of registered apprenticeship programs for teachers

that can serve to scale these programs. The additional funds requested include $18.1 million for new awards

that will address educator shortages while increasing the diversity of the educator workforce and improving 

student outcomes by improving the effectiveness of teachers working in underserved schools.

AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $15.0 $15.0 $30.0

The Request includes $30.0 million to fund the Augustus F. Hawkins Centers of Excellence program, 

authorized under Part B of Title II of the Higher Education Act, to support diversifying the educator 

workforce by increasing the number of high-quality teacher preparation programs at HBCUs, TCCUs, and 

MSIs, such as Hispanic-Serving Institutions. Increasing the number of educators of color is a key strategy 

in the Administration’s equity agenda aimed at improving educational opportunities and outcomes for 

students of color and eliminating educator shortages. Research shows that teachers of color benefit all 

students and can have a significant impact on students of color, yet only one in five teachers are people of 

color, compared to more than half of K-12 public school students. Eligible institutions collectively prepare 

half of all teachers of color and are ideally positioned to help prepare a new generation of effective teachers 

of color and multilingual teachers for underserved schools.

GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS TO PREPARE FACULTY IN HIGH-NEED AREAS AT COLLEGES OF 

EDUCATION

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $0 $0 $5.0

This program supports projects that provide graduate fellowship awards to individuals who plan to pursue 

a career as faculty at an IHE that has a teacher preparation program. Each individual who receives a 

graduate fellowship under this program and earns a doctoral degree must teach for one year at an IHE that 

has a teacher preparation program for each year of fellowship support received.
62

HOWARD UNIVERSITY

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

General Support $226.7 $226.7 $226.7

Howard University Hospital 127.3 127.3 70.3

Total 354.0 354.0 297.0

Howard University is a congressionally chartered HBCU that plays an important role in providing Black 

students with access to a high-quality postsecondary education. The fiscal year 2025 Request would 

maintain strong support for Howard University’s academic and research programs serving undergraduate, 

graduate, and professional students. The Request would provide $43 million to Howard University Hospital 

to support rebuilding of the historic institution and would enable the Department to fully meet the total 

requested funding for the hospital construction ($300 million). Federal support for the Hospital also enables 

provision of medical, dental, and other health-related education, research, and training opportunities for 

graduate and professional students. The Request includes $3.4 million for Howard University’s 

endowment, which is designed to assist the University in increasing its financial strength and independence.

ACADEMIC FACILITIES

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

HBCU Capital Financing Program $20.7 $20.7 $20.7 

CHAFL Federal Administration 0.3 0.3 0.3 

These programs support the construction, reconstruction, and renovation of academic facilities at 

institutions of higher education. The Request for the HBCU Capital Financing Program would support the 

management and servicing of loan guarantees on previously issued loans and includes $20 million in loan 

subsidy that would allow the program to guarantee $344 million in new loans in 2025. Funds also would 

be used to continue technical assistance services to help HBCUs increase their fiscal stability and improve 

their access to capital markets. The Request continues to propose a permanent elimination to the restriction 

for participation of Howard University in the HBCU Capital Financing program. Funding for College 

Housing Administration Facilities Loans (CHAFL) Federal Administration is used solely to manage and 

service existing portfolios of facilities loans and grants made in prior years.
63

INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SCIENCES

OVERVIEW

The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) supports sustained programs of research, statistics, and evaluation 

to study and provide solutions to the challenges faced by schools, educators, and learners. Investment in 

research, statistics, and evaluation activities is critical in order to identify effective instructional and 

program practices, track student opportunity and achievement, and measure the impact of educational 

improvement. Through its four centers—the National Center for Education Research, the National Center 

for Education Statistics, the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, and the 

National Center for Special Education Research—IES ensures the Federal investment in education research, 

statistics, and evaluation is of high quality and relevant to the needs of educators and policymakers. The 

Administration requests $815.5 million for IES activities, $7.9 million more than the fiscal year 2024 

annualized CR level. The fiscal 2025 Request includes a rescission of $10 million from unobligated fiscal 

year 2024 Statewide Longitudinal Data Systems funds expected to be carried over into fiscal year 2025 and 

a rescission of $15 million from unobligated fiscal year 2024 Regional Educational Laboratories funds 

expected to be carried over into fiscal year 2025. 

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DISSEMINATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $245.0 $245.0 $245.0

The Request supports critical investments in education research, development, dissemination, and 

evaluation that provide parents and families, educators, and policymakers with evidence-based information 

on effective educational practices.

STATISTICS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $121.5 $121.5 $121.5 

The Department’s Statistics program—operated primarily through competitively awarded contracts 

administered by National Center for Education Statistics—provides general statistics about trends in 

education, collects data to monitor reform and measure educational progress, and informs the IES research 

agenda. The Request would support the collection, analysis, and dissemination of education-related 

statistics in response to both legislative requirements and to the particular needs of data providers, data 

users, and educational researchers.
64

REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL LABORATORIES 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $58.7 $58.7 $58.7 

Funds support a network of 10 regional laboratories that provide expert advice, including training and 

technical assistance, to help States and school districts apply proven research findings in their school 

improvement efforts. Funds also support the Regional Educational Laboratories in widely disseminating 

information about best practices. The fiscal year 2025 Request includes a rescission of $15 million from 

unobligated fiscal year 2024 funds expected to be carried over into fiscal year 2025.

ASSESSMENT 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $192.8 $192.8 $193.3

Funds support the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), which measures and reports on 

the status of and trends in student learning over time on a subject-by-subject basis and makes objective 

information on student performance available to policymakers, educators, parents and families, and the 

public. As the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment of what American students know 

and can do, NAEP has become a key measure of our Nation’s educational performance. The Request 

includes support for research and development needed to advance NAEP and reduce future program costs.

The Request also includes a $0.5 million increase for the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB) 

to fund additional staff support and NAGB operational costs.

RESEARCH IN SPECIAL EDUCATION 

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $64.3 $64.3 $64.3

Funds support a comprehensive program of special education research designed to expand the knowledge 

and understanding of infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities; answer questions about how children 

with disabilities develop and learn; and learn how best to support their development through improved 

teaching and special education and related services. Continued investment in such long-term programs of 

research is necessary to accumulate empirical knowledge and develop evidence-based practices and policies 

that will result in improved academic achievement, social and emotional well- being, behavior, and physical 

development for children with disabilities. 
65

STATEWIDE LONGITUDINAL DATA SYSTEMS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $38.5 $38.5 $38.5

Funds support competitive grant awards to States to foster the design, development, implementation, and 

use of longitudinal data systems. In addition, funds would support awards to public and private agencies to 

improve data coordination, quality, and use at the local, State, and national levels. The fiscal year 2025 

Request includes a rescission of $10 million from unobligated fiscal 2024 funds expected to be carried over 

into fiscal year 2025. 

SPECIAL EDUCATION STUDIES AND EVALUATIONS

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $13.3 $13.3 $13.3

This program supports studies to assess the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education 

Act (IDEA) and the effectiveness of State and local efforts to provide special education and early 

intervention programs and services to infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities.

IES PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

-

2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

BA in millions $73.5 $73.5 $80.9

Funds support administrative expenses necessary for IES to carry out authorized activities. Expenses 

include IES pay and non-pay, as well as the IES share of centralized support costs such as rent and enterprise 

cybersecurity.
66

DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT

OVERVIEW

Congress established the Department of Education as a Cabinet level agency in 1980. Today, the 

Department supports programs that touch every area and level of education. The Department’s early 

learning, elementary, and secondary education programs annually serve more than 17,000 public school 

districts and more than 55 million students attending more than 98,000 public and 30,000 private schools. 

Department programs also provide grant, loan, and work-study assistance to more than 9.3 million 

postsecondary students at approximately 5,400 institutions of higher education.

The Department is responsible for administering education programs authorized and funded by Congress 

and signed into law by the President. This responsibility involves developing regulations and policy 

guidance regarding program operations, determining how program funds are awarded to recipients 

consistent with statutory requirements, and ensuring programs are operated fairly and conform to statutes 

and laws prohibiting discrimination in federally funded activities. The Department also collects data and 

conducts research on education to help focus attention on education issues of national importance.

Most Federal funds for education are distributed using one of three methods: (1) a statutory formula based 

on certain eligibility requirements, such as the number of students from low-income backgrounds in a 

school district; (2) a competitive process aimed at identifying the most promising proposals or projects 

targeting a particular educational purpose; or (3) an assessment of financial need, such as the ability of a 

student or family to pay for college.

Key programs include the Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies, for which $18.6 billion would help 

approximately 26 million students in K-12 schools with high rates of poverty make progress toward State 

academic standards, and $14.4 billion for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Part B Grants to 

States to help States and school districts meet the special education needs of 7.9 million students with 

disabilities. Key programs also include Federal Pell Grants, which would make available $39.3 billion in 

need-based grants to nearly 7.2 million students enrolled in postsecondary institutions; and the 

postsecondary student loan programs, which would help provide roughly $93.1 billion in new Direct Loans 

to help students and families pay for college.

The Department’s programs and responsibilities have grown substantially over time. Some of the growth 

has resulted from greater demands that were placed on the Department to secure sensitive data, increase 

transparency through increased data reporting, provide enhanced oversight and enforcement of programs 

and laws, and award and manage new grant programs. The Office for Civil Rights needs additional 

resources to address a rising volume of complaints, including those related to a recent surge in antisemitism, 

anti-Arab discrimination, and other forms of discrimination in our communities, colleges, and schools.

Federal Student Aid has been tasked with implementing critical improvements to student loan servicing, 

continuing to modernize its digital infrastructure, and ensuring successful administration of the financial 

aid programs through a simplified and streamlined process for students and borrowers. 
67

SALARIES AND EXPENSES (S&E) OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT

BA in millions 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Program Administration $426.9 $426.9 $476.8

IES Program Administration 73.5 73.5 80.9

Office for Civil Rights 140.0 140.0 162.4

Office of Inspector General 67.5 67.5 77.5

Student Aid Administration 2,033.9 2,033.9 2,659.1

Other1 9.0 9.0 9.5

Total 2,750.8 2,750.8 3,466.2

SALARIES AND EXPENSES (S&E) OVERVIEW: FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYMENT (FTE)

in whole numbers 2023

2024

Annualized CR

2025

Request

Program Administration 1,536 1,549 1,612

IES Program Administration 199 221 236

Office for Civil Rights 574 557 643

Office of Inspector General 219 217 238

Student Aid Administration 1,521 1,615 1,691

Other1 16 18 19

Total2 4,065 4,177 4,439

1 Includes small Federal Credit Administration accounts and miscellaneous S&E activities in program accounts.

2 Actual FTE usage in fiscal year 2023; target for fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2024. Excludes BSCA, CRRSAA, 

and ARP Act FTE.
68

The Department is requesting $3.5 billion for its Salaries and Expenses budget accounts in fiscal year 2025, 

an increase of $715.4 million over the 2024 annualized CR level. The requested fiscal year 2025 increase 

focuses on key departmental policy and management priorities. These include an increase of $22 million 

for the Office for Civil Rights to advance equity in educational opportunity and delivery through an 

increased investment in civil rights enforcement; an increase of $625 million for Student Aid 

Administration to provide better support to the 46 million student loan borrowers and make additional 

improvements to the new servicing system; and increased funding for continued IT security improvements

to ensure the integrity of the Department of Education systems and prevent potential breaches. Funding is 

also being requested to modernize core acquisition and grants management systems. 

The Department’s Request also includes funding necessary to restore critically needed staff capacity across 

the organization. In fiscal year 2025, the Request supports 4,439 Full-Time Equivalents (FTE) 

Employment, a net increase of 262 FTE above the 2024 annualized CR level. 

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

The Program Administration account provides administrative support for most programs and offices in the 

Department. The fiscal year 2025 Request totals $476.8 million, an increase of $49.9 million above the 

2024 annualized CR level. The Budget includes $328.2 million for personnel compensation and benefits to 

support 1,612 FTE, an increase of $22.3 million above 2024 annualized level of $305.9 million.

Salaries and Expenses non-personnel costs cover such items as travel, rent, mail, telephones, utilities, 

printing, information technology (IT) services and security, contractual services, equipment, supplies, and 

other services. The total request for non-personnel activities in fiscal year 2025 is $148.6 million, an 

increase of $27.6 million above the 2024 annualized CR level of $121.0 million. Approximately 65 percent 

of the total non-personnel request is to cover Program Administration’s share of the Department’s 

centralized services. The centralized services request totals $96.5 million for fiscal year 2025, an increase 

of $14.2 million over the 2024 annualized CR level, primarily for enterprise cybersecurity, and 

modernization of the Department’s contracts and grants systems. 

The overall account increase of $49.9 million is primarily needed for: (1) an increase of 63 FTE over the 

2024 annualized CR level and a proposed 2.0 percent government-wide pay raise plus benefits increases; 

(2) continued improvements to the Department’s IT security and infrastructure to ensure the integrity of the 

Department’s data as well as to prevent potential IT security breaches; (3) modernization of the 

Department’s contracts and grants systems; (4) enhanced data collection, analysis, and reporting of

education data, including Economic Stabilization Funds programs; and (5) implementation of the Executive 

Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. 

STUDENT AID ADMINISTRATION

The Student Aid Administration account provides funds to administer the Federal student aid programs 

authorized under Title IV of the Higher Education Act. These programs are the Nation’s largest source of 

financial aid for postsecondary education students, which helps students and families fund education costs 

and training beyond high school.

This account also supports functions across the student aid lifecycle including educating students and 

families on sources for obtaining aid as well as federal student loans and costs associated with processing 

financial aid applications. These funds support financial tools, supports outstanding loans and collections 

activities on defaulted federal loans and oversight of Title IV programs.
69

In fiscal year 2023, FSA provided $122.3 billion in new Federal student aid grants and loans (excluding 

Direct Consolidation Loans) to more than 8.7 million postsecondary students and their families. These 

students attended approximately 5,400 institutions of higher education.

The SAFRA Act ended the origination of new loans under the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) 

program. Since July 1, 2010, new loans are originated and serviced through the Direct Loan (DL) program 

administered by the Department. Private lenders and guaranty agencies service and collect outstanding nondefaulted loans from the FFEL portfolio. The Department currently contracts with five servicers to service 

a Department-held portfolio of approximately 37 million borrowers.

The Budget provides $2.7 billion for the Student Aid Administration, a $625 million increase above the 

2024 annualized CR level. This additional funding is needed to provide better support to student loan 

borrowers, especially as they continue return to regular repayment. This increase would allow FSA to 

implement critical improvements to student loan servicing, continue to modernize its digital infrastructure, 

and ensure successful administration of the financial aid programs through a simplified and streamlined 

process for students and borrowers. 

OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

The Department’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) investigates discrimination complaints, conducts 

compliance reviews, monitors corrective action plans, and provides technical assistance on civil rights 

issues. Since fiscal year 2009, the number of complaints has almost tripled, while the number of 

investigative staff have decreased slightly over the same period. The fiscal year 2025 Request includes 86

additional FTE over the 2024 annualized CR level for OCR. 

The fiscal year 2025 Request for OCR is $162.4 million, which is an increase of $22.4 million above the

2024 annualized CR level. About $126.4 million of the requested funds, or 78 percent, is for staff pay and 

benefits for 643 FTE. The remaining $36.0 million is for non-pay projects and includes funding for 

information technology services, including the $6.1 million contract for the Civil Rights Data Collection. 

Requested funds would ensure program support to resolve complaints of discrimination filed by the public 

and ensure that institutions receiving Federal financial assistance comply with the civil rights laws enforced 

by OCR.

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

The Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducts audits and investigations of the Department’s programs 

and activities to help ensure accountability for taxpayer-provided funds and to identify management 

improvements. The fiscal year 2025 Request for the OIG is $77.5 million, an increase of $10.0 million over 

the 2024 annualized CR level. Approximately 70 percent of this amount, or $53.9 million, is for personnel 

compensation and benefits to support a staffing level of 238 FTE.

The non-personnel request of $23.6 million includes $1.2 million to contract for the mandatory annual audit 

of the Department’s financial statements. The scope of the audit would include the examination and analysis 

of account balances, review of applicable financial systems, and evaluation of internal controls and 

compliance with significant laws and regulations. Additionally, the non-personnel request includes funds 

to support the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and to continue to develop the 

ability to perform predictive analytics with a tool to identify patterns of fraud and risk, allowing the OIG to 

better target its audit and investigative work.
70

III. APPENDIX

A. Detailed Budget Table by Program

Select here for an accessible online version.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Education for the Disadvantaged

1. Grants to local educational agencies (ESEA I‐A):

(a) Basic grants (section 1124)

Annual appropriation D 5,695,625 5,695,625 5,695,6

Advance for succeeding fiscal year D 763,776 763,776 763,7

Subtotal D 6,459,401 6,459,401 6,459,4

(b) Concentration grants (section 1124A)

Advance for succeeding fiscal year D 1,362,301 1,362,301 1,362,3

(c) Targeted grants (section 1125)

Annual appropriation D 925,000 925,000 1,025,0

Advance for succeeding fiscal year D 4,357,550 4,357,550 4,357,5

Subtotal 5,282,550 5,282,550 5,382,5

(d) Education finance incentive grants (section 1125A)

Annual appropriation D 925,000 925,000 1,025,0

Advance for succeeding fiscal year D 4,357,550 4,357,550 4,357,5

Subtotal 5,282,550 5,282,550 5,382,5

Subtotal, Grants to LEAs 18,386,802 18,386,802 18,586,8

Discretionary D 18,386,802 18,386,802 18,586,8

Current 7,545,625 7,545,625 7,745,6

Advance for succeeding fiscal year 10,841,177 10,841,177 10,841,1

NOTES:1) D = discretionary program; M = mandatory programs

3) Detail may not add to totals due to rounding.

2) Pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112‐25), for most mandatory programs, with the exception of Pell Grants, Credit Liquidating, and Credit Reestimates, the levels shown i

Appropriation columns reflect the 5.7 percent reduction that went into effect on October 1, 2022 and October 1, 2023, respectively.

71
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Education for the Disadvantaged (continued)

2. Comprehensive literacy state development grants (ESEA II‐B‐2, section 2222) D 194,000 194,000 194,0

3. Innovative approaches to literacy (ESEA II‐B‐2, section 2226) D 30,000 30,000 30,0

4. State agency programs:

(a) Migrant (ESEA I‐C) D 375,626 375,626 375,6

(b) Neglected, delinquent and at‐risk children and youth (ESEA I‐D) D 49,239 49,239 49,2

Subtotal, State agency programs 424,865 424,865 424,8

5. Special programs for migrant students (HEA IV‐A‐5) D 52,123 52,123 52,1

Total, Appropriation 19,087,790 19,087,790 19,287,7

Discretionary D 19,087,790 19,087,790 19,287,7

Current 8,246,613 8,246,613 8,446,6Prior year's advance 10,841,177 10,841,177 10,841,1

Impact Aid (ESEA VII)

1. Payments for federally connected children (section 7003):

(a) Basic support payments (section 7003(b)) D 1,468,242 1,468,242 1,468,2(b) Payments for children with disabilities (section 7003(d)) D 48,316 48,316 48,3

Subtotal 1,516,558 1,516,558 1,516,5

2. Facilities maintenance (section 7008) D 4,835 4,835 4,8

3. Construction (section 7007) D 18,406 18,406 18,4

4. Payments for Federal property (section 7002) D 78,313 78,313 78,3

Total D 1,618,112 1,618,112 1,618,1

72
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

1. Supporting effective instruction State grants (ESEA II‐A)

Annual appropriation D 508,639 508,639 508,6

Advance for succeeding fiscal year D 1,681,441 1,681,441 1,681,4

Subtotal D 2,190,080 2,190,080 2,190,0

2. 21st century community learning centers (ESEA IV‐B) D 1,329,673 1,329,673 1,329,63. State assessments (ESEA I‐B, section 1201‐1203) D 390,000 390,000 390,0

4. Education for homeless children and youths (MVHAA Title VII‐B) D 129,000 129,000 129,0

5. Native Hawaiian education (ESEA VI‐B) D 45,897 45,897 45,8

6. Alaska Native education (ESEA VI‐C) D 44,953 44,953 44,9

7. Training and advisory services (CRA IV) D 6,575 6,575 6,5

8. Rural education (ESEA V‐B) D 215,000 215,000 215,0

9. Supplemental education grants (Compact of Free Association Act)1 D 24,464 24,464 

10. Comprehensive centers (ETAA section 203) D 55,000 55,000 50,0

11. Student support and academic enrichment grants (ESEA IV‐A) D 1,380,000 1,380,000 1,380,0

Total, Appropriation D 5,810,642 5,810,642 5,781,1

Total, Budget authority D 5,810,642 5,810,642 5,781,1

Current 4,129,201 4,129,201 4,099,7

Prior year's advance 1,681,441 1,681,441 1,681,4

School Readiness (Proposed Legislation) D 0 0 25,0

Indian Education (ESEA VI)

1. Grants to local educational agencies (Part A‐1) D 110,381 110,381 110,3

2. Special programs for Indian children (Part A‐2) D 72,000 72,000 72,0

3. National activities (Part A‐3) D 12,365 12,365 12,3

Total D 194,746 194,746 194,7

1 The Administration is proposing mandatory funding to be administered by the Department of State that would subsume the programs and activities previously funded through

discretionary appropriations, including the one for the Supplemental Education Grants.

School Improvement Programs

73
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Innovation and Improvement

1. Education innovation and research (ESEA IV‐F‐1) D 284,000 284,000 269,0

2. Teacher and school leader incentive grants (ESEA II‐B‐1) D 173,000 173,000 173,0

3. American history and civics education (ESEA II‐B‐3) D 23,000 23,000 23,0

4. Supporting effective educator development (SEED) (ESEA II‐B‐4, section 2242) D 90,000 90,000 90,0

5. Charter schools grants (ESEA IV‐C) D 440,000 440,000 400,0

6. Magnet schools assistance (ESEA IV‐D) D 139,000 139,000 139,0

7. Ready to learn programming (ESEA IV‐F‐4, section 4643) D 31,000 31,000 31,0

8. Arts in education (ESEA IV‐F‐4, section 4642) D 36,500 36,500 36,5

9. Javits gifted and talented education (ESEA IV‐F‐4, section 4644) D 16,500 16,500 16,5

10. Statewide family engagement centers (ESEA IV‐E) D 20,000 20,000 20,0

11. Fostering Diverse Schools (proposed legislation) D 0 0 10,0

12. Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending D 200,443 200,443 

Total D 1,453,443 1,453,443 1,208,0

Safe Schools and Citizenship Education

1. School safety national activities (ESEA IV‐F‐3, section 4631) D 216,000 216,000 216,0

2. Promise neighborhoods (ESEA IV‐F‐2, section 4624) D 91,000 91,000 91,0

3. Full‐service community schools (ESEA IV‐F‐2, section 4625) D 150,000 150,000 200,0

Total D 457,000 457,000 507,0

English Language Acquisition (ESEA III‐A) D 890,000 890,000 940,0

74
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Special Education

1. State grants:

(a) Grants to States (IDEA B‐611)

Annual appropriation D 4,910,321 4,910,321 5,110,3

Advance for succeeding fiscal year D 9,283,383 9,283,383 9,283,3

Subtotal 14,193,704 14,193,704 14,393,7

(b) Preschool grants (IDEA B‐619) D 420,000 420,000 425,0

(c) Grants for infants and families (IDEA C) D 540,000 540,000 545,0

Subtotal, State grants 15,153,704 15,153,704 15,363,7

2. National activities (IDEA D):

(a) State personnel development (subpart 1) D 38,630 38,630 38,6

(b) Technical assistance and dissemination (section 663) D 45,345 45,345 45,3

(c) Personnel preparation (section 662) D 115,000 115,000 125,0

(d) Parent information centers (sections 671‐673) D 33,152 33,152 33,1

(e) Educational technology, media, and materials (section 674) D 31,433 31,433 31,4

Subtotal, National activities D 263,560 263,560 273,5

3. Special Olympics education programs (Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act) D 36,000 36,000 36,0

Total, Appropriation 15,453,264 15,453,264 15,673,2

Discretionary D 15,453,264 15,453,264 15,673,2

Current 6,169,881 6,169,881 6,389,8

Prior year's advance 9,283,383 9,283,383 9,283,3

75
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Rehabilitation Services

1. Vocational rehabilitation State grants:

(a) Grants to States (RA Title I‐A, sections 110 and 111)1 M 3,899,057 4,200,219 4,200,2

(b) Grants to Indians (RA Title I‐C) M 50,650 53,615 53,6

Subtotal, Pre‐Sequestration2 M 3,949,707 4,253,834 4,253,8

Subtotal, Post‐Sequestration3 M 3,724,574 4,011,365 4,011,3

2. Client assistance State grants (RA section 112) D 13,000 13,000 13,0

3. Training (RA section 302) D 29,388 29,388 23,3

4. Demonstration and training programs (RA section 303) D 5,796 5,796 11,7

5. Protection and advocacy of individual rights (RA section 509) D 20,150 20,150 20,1

6. Supported employment State grants (RA VI) D 22,548 22,548 22,5

7. Independent living services for older blind individuals (RA VII, Chapter 2) D 33,317 33,317 33,3

8. Helen Keller National Center for Deaf‐Blind Youths and Adults (HKNCA) D 19,000 19,000 19,0

Subtotal 143,199 143,199 143,1

Total 4,092,906 4,397,033 4,397,0

Discretionary D 143,199 143,199 143,1

Mandatory M 3,949,707 4,253,834 4,253,8

American Printing House for the Blind (20 U.S.C. 101 et seq.) D 43,431 43,431 43,4

National Technical Institute for the Deaf (EDA I‐B and section 207) D 92,500 92,500 92,5

Gallaudet University (EDA I‐A and section 207) D 165,361 165,361 165,3

1 This amount is pre‐sequestration.

3 The 2025 Request includes the CHIMP of ‐$128,364 thousand, which equals the statutory Consumer Price Index increase reduced by sequestration (5.7%).

2 The Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants program is a mandatory appropriated entitlement; therefore, under an FY 2024 annualized CR, the program is entitled to all statutory adjustme

Rehabilitation Act, including the statutory Consumer Price Index increase. The 2025 Request excludes the statutory Consumer Price Index increase of $136,123 thousand.

76
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Career, Technical, and Adult Education

1. Career and technical education (Carl D. Perkins CTEA):

(a) State grants (Title I)

Annual appropriation D 638,848 638,848 678,8

Advance for succeeding fiscal year D 791,000 791,000 791,0

Subtotal 1,429,848 1,429,848 1,469,8

(b) National programs (section 114) D 32,421 32,421 64,4

Subtotal, Discretionary D 1,462,269 1,462,269 1,534,2Subtotal, Career and technical education 1,462,269 1,462,269 1,534,2

2. Adult education:

(a) Adult basic and literacy education State grants (AEFLA) D 715,455 715,455 715,4

(b) National leadership activities (AEFLA section 242) D 13,712 13,712 18,7

Subtotal, Adult education 729,167 729,167 734,1

Total, Appropriation 2,191,436 2,191,436 2,268,4

Current 1,400,436 1,400,436 1,477,4Prior year's advance 791,000 791,000 791,0

77
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Student Financial Assistance

1. Federal Pell grants (HEA IV‐A‐1):

(a) Discretionary Pell grants D 22,475,352 22,475,352 24,576,3

(b) Mandatory Pell grants M 5,150,720 5,629,000 8,743,0

(c) Mandatory Funding for Discretionary Program Costs M 1,095,000 1,095,000 1,155,0

Subtotal, Federal Pell grants 28,721,072 29,199,352 34,474,3

Discretionary D 22,475,352 22,475,352 24,576,3Mandatory M 6,245,720 6,724,000 9,898,0

2. Campus‐based programs:

(a) Federal supplemental educational opportunity grants (HEA IV‐A‐3) D 910,000 910,000 910,0

(b) Federal work‐study (HEA IV‐C) D 1,230,000 1,230,000 1,230,0

Subtotal, Campus‐based programs 2,140,000 2,140,000 2,140,0

3. Iraq and Afghanistan service grants (P.L. 111‐39) M 664 530 

Total 30,861,736 31,339,882 36,614,3

Discretionary D 24,615,352 24,615,352 26,716,3

Mandatory M 6,246,384 6,724,530 9,898,0

Student Aid Administration (HEA I‐D and IV‐D, section 458)

1. Salaries and expenses D 1,058,943 1,058,943 1,334,7

2. Servicing activities D 975,000 975,000 1,324,3

Total 2,033,943 2,033,943 2,659,1

78
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

TEACH Grants (HEA IV‐A‐9)

1. New loan subsidy M 34,171 38,920 39,1

2. Upward reestimate of existing loans M 24,093 22,801 

3. Downward reestimate of existing loans (non‐add) M (11,352) (15,483) 

4. Net reestimate of existing loans (non‐add) M 12,741 7,318 

5. Upward modification of existing loans M 12,548 0 

6. Downward modification of existing loans M (51,645) 0 

7. Net modification of existing loans (non‐add) M (39,097) 0 

Subtotal, loan subsidies 70,812 61,721 39,1

Subtotal, new loan subsidies and net reestimate/modification (non‐add) 7,815 46,238 39,1

Total M 70,812 61,721 39,1

Federal Direct Student Loans Program Account (HEA IV‐D)

1. New loan subsidies M 20,973,978 33,538,043 42,266,9

2. New net loan subsidy (non‐add) M 19,290,143 32,986,256 42,266,9

3. Upward reestimate of existing loans M 8,131,676 65,842,936 4. Downward reestimate of existing loans (non‐add) M (10,049,156) (1,682,552) 

5. Net reestimate of existing loans (non‐add) M (1,917,480) 64,160,384 

6. Upward modification of existing loans M 116,808,248 0 7. Net modification of existing loans (non‐add) M (202,558,349) 0 

8. Temporary Expanded Public Service Loan Forgiveness D 0 0 

Subtotal, loan subsidies 145,913,902 99,380,979 42,266,9

Subtotal, new loan subsidies and net reestimate/modification (non‐add) (185,185,686) 97,146,640 42,266,9

Total 145,913,902 99,380,979 42,266,9

Discretionary D 0 0 

Mandatory M 145,913,902 99,380,979 42,266,9

79
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Federal Family Education Loans Program Account (HEA IV‐B)

1. Upward reestimate of existing loans M 2,924,909 11,976,626 2. Downward reestimate of existing loans (non‐add) M (899,176) (2,339,384) 

3. Net reestimate of existing loans (non‐add) M 2,025,733 9,637,242 4. Upward modification of existing loans M 9,082,129 0 5. Downward modification of existing loans (non‐add) M (13,647,235) 0 

6. Net modification of existing loans (non‐add) M (4,565,106) 0 

Total, FFEL Program Account M 12,007,038 11,976,626 

Total, new loan subsidies and net reestimate (non‐add) 2,025,733 9,637,242 

Federal Family Education Loans Liquidating Account (HEA IV‐B)

1. Pre‐1992 student loans M 0 (212,174) (170,30

1. Upward reestimate of existing loans M 10,836 409 

2. Upward modification of existing loans M 923 0 

M 11,759 409 

Health Education Assistance Loans Liquidating Account M (5,029) (2,000) (2,00

Free Community College (Proposed Legislation)

1. M 0 0 90,000,0

2. M 0 0 30,000,0

3. Accelerated Success Free Community College D 0 0 

0 0 120,000,0

Discretionary D 0 0 

Mandatory M 0 0 120,000,0

Reducing the Costs of College Fund (Proposed) M 0 0 12,000,0

K‐12 Academic Acceleration Grants (Proposed) M 0 0 8,000,0

Advancing Affordability for Students

Total

Health Education Assistance Loans Program Account

Total, HEAL Program Account

Free Community College

80
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Higher Education

1. Aid for institutional development:

(a) Strengthening institutions (HEA III‐A, section 311) D 122,070 122,070 140,0

(b) Strengthening tribally controlled colleges and universities

(HEA III‐A, section 316) D 51,549 51,549 56,4

(c) Mandatory strengthening tribally controlled colleges and universities

(HEA III‐F, section 371) M 28,290 28,290 30,0

Subtotal 201,909 201,909 226,4

(d) Strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian‐serving institutions

(HEA III‐A, section 317) D 24,433 24,433 25,8

(e) Mandatory strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian‐serving

institutions (HEA III‐F, section 371) M 14,145 14,145 15,0

Subtotal 38,578 38,578 40,8

(f) Strengthening HBCUs (HEA III‐B, section 323) D 395,986 395,986 431,5

(g) Mandatory strengthening HBCUs (HEA III‐F, section 371) M 80,155 80,155 85,0

Subtotal 476,141 476,141 516,5

(h) Strengthening historically Black graduate institutions

(HEA III‐B, section 326) D 100,782 100,782 108,4

(i) Strengthening HBCU masters program (HEA Title VII, section 723) D 19,937 19,937 21,2

Subtotal 120,719 120,719 129,7

(j) Strengthening predominantly Black institutions (HEA III‐A, section 318) D 22,300 22,300 23,6

(k) Mandatory strengthening predominantly Black institutions

(HEA III‐F, section 371) M 14,145 14,145 15,0

Subtotal 36,445 36,445 38,6

(l) Strengthening Asian American‐ and Native American Pacific Islander‐serving

institutions (HEA III‐A, section 320) D 18,589 18,589 19,8

(m) Mandatory strengthening Asian American‐ and Native American Pacific

Islander‐serving institutions (HEA III‐F, section 371) M 4,715 4,715 5,0

Subtotal 23,304 23,304 24,8

(n) Strengthening Native American‐serving nontribal institutions

(HEA III‐A, section 319) D 11,405 11,405 11,5

(o) Mandatory strengthening Native American‐serving nontribal institutions

(HEA III‐F, section 371) M 4,715 4,715 5,0

Subtotal 16,120 16,120 16,5

81
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Higher Education (continued)

(p) Minority science and engineering improvement (HEA III‐E‐1) D 16,370 16,370 16,3

Subtotal, Aid for institutional development 929,586 929,586 1,010,1

Discretionary D 783,421 783,421 855,1

Mandatory M 146,165 146,165 155,0

2. Aid for Hispanic‐serving institutions:

(a) Developing Hispanic‐serving institutions (HEA V‐A) D 227,751 227,751 246,5

(b) Mandatory developing HSI STEM and articulation programs

(HEA III‐F, section 371(b)(2)(B)) M 94,300 94,300 100,0

(c) Promoting postbaccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic Americans

(HEA V, section 512) D 27,314 27,314 29,7

Subtotal 349,365 349,365 376,3

Discretionary 255,065 255,065 276,3

Mandatory 94,300 94,300 100,0

3. Other aid for institutions:

(a) International education and foreign language studies:

(1) Domestic programs (HEA VI‐A and B) D 75,353 75,353 73,2

(2) Overseas programs (MECEA section 102(b)(6)) D 10,311 10,311 8,2

Subtotal 85,664 85,664 81,5

(b) Model transition programs for students with intellectual disabilities into

higher education (HEA VII‐D‐2) D 13,800 13,800 13,8

(c) Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions (CTEA section 117) D 11,953 11,953 11,9

4. Assistance for students:

(a) Federal TRIO programs (HEA IV‐A‐2, Chapter 1) D 1,191,000 1,191,000 1,211,0

(b) Gaining early awareness and readiness for undergraduate programs

(GEAR UP) (HEA IV‐A‐2, Chapter 2) D 388,000 388,000 398,0

(c) Graduate assistance in areas of national need (HEA VII‐A‐2) D 23,547 23,547 23,5

(d) Child care access means parents in school (HEA IV‐A‐7) D 75,000 75,000 80,0

5. Fund for the improvement of post secondary education (FIPSE) (HEA VII‐B) D 184,000 184,000 262,0

6. Teacher quality partnership (HEA II‐A) D 70,000 70,000 95,0

7. Hawkins Centers of Excellence (HEA II‐B‐2) D 15,000 15,000 30,0

8. Graduate Fellowships to Prepare Faculty in High‐need Areas at Colleges of Education D 0 0 5,0

9. Community Project Funding D 429,587 429,587 

Total 3,766,502 3,766,502 3,598,2

Discretionary D 3,526,037 3,526,037 3,343,2

Mandatory1 M 240,465 240,465 255,0

1 FY 2023 and FY 2024 data are post‐sequestration. FY 2025 data are pre‐sequestration.

82
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Howard University

1. General support (20 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) D 226,693 226,693 226,6

2. Howard University Hospital (20 U.S.C. 128) D 127,325 127,325 70,3

Total D 354,018 354,018 297,0

College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Program Account (HEA section 121)

1. Federal administration (FCRA section 505(e)) D 298 298 3

2. Reestimate of existing loan subsidies M 2,562 234 

Total 2,860 532 3

Discretionary D 298 298 3

Mandatory M 2,562 234 

College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Liquidating Account (HEA section 121) M (3,015) (1,000) (3,0

Historically Black College and University Capital Financing Program Account (HEA III‐D)

1. Federal administration (FCRA section 505(e)) D 528 528 5

2. Loan subsidies D 20,150 20,150 20,13. Reestimate of existing loan subsidies M 62,421 27,551 

Total 83,099 48,229 20,7

Discretionary D 20,678 20,678 20,7Mandatory M 62,421 27,551 

Higher Education Facilities Loans Liquidating Account (HEA section 121) M (585) 0 

College Housing Loans Liquidating Account (HEA section 121) M (1,760) (5,000) (2,50

83
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

Institute of Education Sciences

1. Research and statistics:

(a) Research, development, and dissemination (ESRA I‐A, B and D, except section 174) D 245,000 245,000 245,0

(b) Statistics (ESRA I‐C) D 121,500 121,500 121,5

2. Regional educational laboratories (ESRA section 174) D 58,733 58,733 58,7

3. Assessment (NAEPAA):

(a) National assessment (section 303) D 185,000 185,000 185,0

(b) National Assessment Governing Board (section 302) D 7,799 7,799 8,2

Subtotal 192,799 192,799 193,2

4. Research in special education (ESRA, Part E) D 64,255 64,255 64,2

5. Statewide longitudinal data systems (ETAA section 208) D 38,500 38,500 38,5

6. Special education studies and evaluations (IDEA, section 664) D 13,318 13,318 13,3

7. Program Administration D 73,500 73,500 80,8

Total D 807,605 807,605 815,4

Program Administration (DEOA)

1. Salaries and expenses D 419,907 419,907 476,82. Building Modernization D 7,000 7,000 

Total 426,907 426,907 476,8

Office for Civil Rights (DEOA, section 203) D 140,000 140,000 162,3

Office of Inspector General (DEOA, section 211) D 67,500 67,500 77,4

Contributions (DEOA, section 421) M 0 0 

84
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FISCAL YEAR 2025 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET

(in thousands of dollars)

Cat Code 2023 Appropriation 2024 Annualized CR 2025 President

Budget

General Fund Receipts

1. Perkins loan repayments M (580,193) (454,174) (285,12. FDSL downward reestimate of loan subsidies M (10,049,156) (1,682,552) 3. FFEL downward reestimate of loan subsidies M (899,176) (2,339,384) 4. FDSL downward modification/negative loan subsidies M (2,109,824) (885,105) (546,5

5. HBCU capital financing downward reestimate of loan subsidies M (38,713) (41,956) 

6. FFEL downward modification/negative loan subsidies M 0 0

7. HEAL downward reestimate of loan subsidies M 0 (13,071) 8. TEACH downward reestimate of loan subsidies M (11,325) (15,483) 

9. TEACH downward modification/negative loan subsidies M (51,645) 0 

10. CHAFL downward reestimate of loan subsidies M 0 0 

Total (13,740,032) (5,431,725) (831,66

1. Student Financial Assistance debt collection M 2,755 10,000 10,0

Change in Mandatory Program (CHIMP) and Rescissions

1. Rehabilitation Services: Vocational Rehabilitation State grants CHIMP D 0 0 (128,3

2. Student Financial Assistance: Federal Pell Grants Rescission D (360,000) (360,000) 

3. Institute of Education Services: Regional Educational Laboratories Rescission D 0 0 (15,00

4. Institute of Education Services: State Longitudinal Data Systems Rescission D 0 0 (10,00

Total D (360,000) (360,000) (153,36

DISCRETIONARY APPROPRIATION WITH RESCISSIONS AND CHIMP D 79,233,262 79,233,262 82,363,6

DISCRETIONARY APPROPRIATION WITHOUT RESCISSIONS AND CHIMP D 79,593,262 79,593,262 82,516,9

85

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