1 1 United States Department of Commerce

I \ll_3) 1 National Institute of Standards and Technology

NISTIR 3959

HEAT TRANSFER

IN A COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER

CONTAINING RECTANGULAR CHANNELS

AND USING HELIUM GAS

Douglas A. Olson

NISTIR 3959

HEAT TRANSFER

IN A COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER

CONTAINING RECTANGULAR CHANNELS

AND USING HELIUM GAS

Douglas A. Olson

Chemical Engineering Science Division

Center for Chemical Engineering

National Measurement Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328

January 1991

Sponsored by

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Langley Research Center

Hampton, Virginia 23665

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, John W. Lyons, Director

CONTENTS

Page

Nomenclature vii

Abstract 1

1. Introduction 2

2. Description of experimental apparatus 2

2 . 1 Flow apparatus 3

2.2 Channel specimen 3

2.3 Instrumentation 4

3. Description of experiments and analysis techniques 5

3.1 Experiments conducted 5

3.2 Friction factor 6

3.3 Heat transfer coefficient 7

3.4 Uncertainty analysis 10

4. Results of experiments 11

4.1 Friction factor 11

4.2 Temperature distributions and heat transfer 12

5. Summary and conclusions 15

6. References 16

Appendices

A. Heat flux distribution in reflective furnace 17

B. Method of calculating flow distribution in specimen 18
LIST OF TABLES

Table P age

1. Uncertainties in experimental measurements and gas properties at a 95% confidence interval 21

2. Summary of geometrical parameters and experimental conditions for

channel specimen 22

3. Data tables for all experiments 23

4. Uncertainties in data analysis parameters and calculated

quantities 76

5. Predicted flow distribution in heat transfer experiments using

method of Appendix B 77

IV
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Pa ge 1. Helium flow apparatus 79

2. Specimen furnace, showing location of inlet gas temperature (A),

upstream pressure (0)

,

outlet gas temperature (B)

,

and downstream

pressure (1) • • 80

3. Channel specimen 81

4. Top view of channel specimen showing locations of blockage in flow

channels due to braze fillets 82

5. Friction factor (f) as a function of Reynolds number (Re) for

experiments 1 and 2, no heating, compared to tube specimen

correlation and smooth tube correlation 83

6. Percent difference between predicted and measured pressure drop

(Po-Pi) as a function of helium flow rate (m) for heat transfer

experiments 84

7. Wall (Tw ) and gas (Tf ) temperatures as a function of x/L;

experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium flow, and y/W = -0.04 85

8. Wall temperature (Tw ) as a function of y/W at several x/L locations;

experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium flow 86

9. Wall-to-gas temperature difference (Tw -Tf ) and heat transfer

coefficient (h) as a function of x/L; experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium

flow and y/W = -0.04 87

10. Reynolds number (Re), Nusselt number (Nu) , and modified Nusselt

number (Nu^ as a function of x/L; experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium

flow and y/W = -0.04 88

11. Modified Nusselt number (Ni^) as a function of Reynolds number (Re);

all heated experiments with 0.2 < x/L < 0.8 and y/W = -0.04 89

A. l. Normalized meter heat flow as a function of x/L for y/W = 0.12,

36% voltage, reflective furnace calibration 90

B. l. Ratio of predicted channel flow to average channel flow, as a

function of y/W at several total flow rates for experiment 8 91

v

Nomenclature

a = coefficient of Re in Nu vs Re and Pr correlation

A = inlet manifold location

Ac = channel normal area = hcwc Af = flow normal area = nhc wc An = specimen normal area = L-W

A^ = wetted wall area (total wall area exposed to fluid) = 2n(wc +hc )L

b = coefficient of Pr in Nu vs Re and Pr correlation

B = outlet manifold location

c = leading coefficient in Nu vs Re and Pr correlation

c

p = specific heat at constant pressure

Dh = specimen hydraulic diameter = 2wchc /(wc +hc ) f = friction factor

f

q = heat flux distribution function

G = mass flow rate per unit flow normal area in channel = mc /Ac = pV

h = heat transfer coefficient

h = enthalpy

hc = height of channel

k = thermal conductivity

L = heated length of specimen

m = mass flow rate

mc = mass flow rate per channel

n = number of channels

Nu = Nusselt number = h •

D

h/k

Num = modified Nusselt number = Nu- (Tw/Tf ) 0,55

P = pressure

Pr = Prandtl number = ji • c

p/k

qn = local normal heat flux

Qpx = fraction of total heat flow on specimen added up to position x

= integration of furnace calibration function f

q

, 0 to x

Qt = total heat transfer to specimen

qw = local heat flux (heat flow per unit area) into the cooling fluid based

on total wetted-wall area of the specimen

r = recovery factor = Pr 1/3 for turbulent flow

Re = Reynolds number = pVDh

//i

T = temperature

Taw = cooling fluid adiabatic wall temperature

Tf = local bulk fluid temperature

Tw = specimen wall temperature

V = velocity

Vf = heater voltage

W = width of specimen

wc = width of channel

Wf = uncertainty in friction factor

Wh = uncertainty in heat transfer coefficient

Wnu = uncertainty in Nusselt number

Wqt = uncertainty in total heat transfer

Wre = uncertainty in Reynolds number

Wtf = uncertainty in fluid temperature

Wtw = uncertainty in wall temperature

vii
x = position coordinate parallel to flow direction

y = position coordinate perpendicular to flow direction

= coefficient of thermal expansion

fj. = dynamic viscosity

v = kinematic viscosity

p = density

0 = location where heating begins (x/L=0)

1 = location where heating ends (x/L=l)

viii
Heat Transfer in a Compact Heat Exchanger Containing

Rectangular Channels And Using Helium Gas

Douglas A. Olson

Chemical Engineering Science Division

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Boulder, CO 80303-3328

Abstract

We have constructed a compact heat exchanger consisting of 12

parallel, rectangular channels in a flat piece of commercially

pure nickel. This channel specimen was radiatively heated on the

top side at heat fluxes of up to 77 W/cm2

, insulated on the back

side, and cooled with helium gas flowing in the channels at 3.5 to

7.0 MPa and Reynolds numbers of 1400 to 28 000. The measured

friction factor was lower than that of the accepted correlation

for fully developed turbulent flow, although our uncertainty was

high due to uncertainty in the channel height and a high ratio of

dynamic pressure to pressure drop. The measured Nusselt number,

when modified to account for differences in fluid properties

between the wall and the cooling fluid, agreed with past

correlations for fully developed turbulent flow in channels.

Flow nonuniformity from channel- to -channel was as high as 12%

above and 19% below the mean flow.

Key words: apparatus; compact heat exchanger; convection heat

transfer; friction factor; high temperature; National Aerospace

Plane; radiative furnace; rectangular channel; turbulent flow;

variable property effects.

This work was supported by NASA Langley Research Center under contract L7400C.

1
1. Introduction

Development of a National Aerospace Plane (NASP) , which will fly at

hypersonic speeds, requires novel cooling techniques to manage the anticipated

high heat fluxes on various components (Shore, 1986). The problem that

motivates this work is cooling of the engine struts. Due to aerodynamic

heating associated with the combustion of the hydrogen fuel, along with

thermal radiation from the fuel combustion, the engine struts are expected to

receive a normal heating load in excess of 2000 W/cm2 (Scotti et al . , 1988).

NASA plans to cool the struts by attaching a cooling jacket heat exchanger to

the surface facing the high heat flux. Hydrogen gas will flow through the

cooling jacket and absorb the heat before entering the engine. The

anticipated conditions are that the hydrogen gas will enter the heat

exchangers at 56 K and 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) , and exit at 890 K and 4.8 MPa (700

psi) . The heat exchangers are expected to be thin (6 mm or less)

perpendicular to the flow direction to add minimal weight and thickness to the

struts. Small flow passages will also produce high rates of convective heat

transfer, which will reduce the exchanger temperatures. Reynolds numbers are

expected to be in the range 10 000 to 30 000, with the variation due to the

flow rate and the specific design of the flow passage.

In order to test heat exchangers developed by NASA, we constructed an

apparatus which can provide helium gas flow and a well -characterized heat flux

to a heat exchanger specimen (Olson, 1989) . This apparatus was first used to

test a "tube specimen", which consisted of 20 nickel tubes, 1 mm ID, lying in

parallel on a nickel base plate (Olson and Glover, 1990). For turbulent flow

in the tube specimen and normal heat flux of up to 54 W/cm2

, the Nusselt

numbers we measured were in good agreement with the Nusselt numbers for flow

in a single tube with well-characterized boundary conditions. In this work we

present the experimental results of a second possible heat exchanger

configuration for the NASP cooling jacket. We also describe a modification to

the flow apparatus, namely a new furnace, which reduced the experimental time

constant. The specimen tested here has 12 parallel rectangular channels

through which the helium flows. A rectangular channel has been proposed as a possible configuration for the NASP cooling jacket (Scotti, et al . , 1988); the

flow passage geometry of our specimen was chosen for ease of fabrication and

instrumentation rather than for optimal thermal performance. The length and

width of the specimen, flow manifold connections, and instrumentation were

identical to those of the specimens to be constructed by NASA.

2. Description of experimental apparatus

The description which follows is based on Olson (1989) and Olson and Glover

(1990) . The apparatus was designed to test a subset of the conditions

required for the NASP application. Those conditions are (1) a heating rate of

0 to 80 W/cm2

; (2) an inlet temperature of 300 K; (3) a cooling-gas pressure

of up to 6.9 MPa at the inlet; and (4) an outlet temperature of 810 K or less.

We chose helium as the coolant gas because of the similarities in specific

heat, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity to the corresponding

properties of hydrogen. In addition, helium does not have the explosive

hazard of hydrogen. Because of the property similarities, the Reynolds

2
number, Prandtl number, and temperature rise from specimen inlet to outlet can

be matched between helium and hydrogen.

2 . 1 Flow apparatus

The helium flow apparatus is shown in figure 1, with the details of the

specimen furnace section in figure 2. Helium gas at 17 MPa (2500 psi) or less

was supplied from a tube trailer outside the laboratory. The tube trailer

contained 1100 m

3 of gas (STP) . With valves 1 and 2 open, gas flowed from the

trailer, through the inlet piping, and was filtered before entering the domeloaded pressure regulator (valve 3) . The regulator set the flow pressure

downstream of the regulator to the value of an external control pressure,

either 7 MPa or 3.5 MPa (500 psi) for these experiments.

Within the furnace (fig. 2) , the gas flowed into an inlet distribution

manifold which directed it to the heat exchanger specimen. A similar

distribution manifold collected the gas exiting the specimen and directed it

to the outlet tubing. Gas pressure was measured at the pressure taps as shown

at location 0 (start of heated zone) and at location 1 (end of heated zone)

.

The specimen was located in the target area of the furnace (7.8 cm wide by

15.2 cm long), which delivered radiant heat to the specimen and raised the

temperature of the helium as it flowed through the specimen.

The furnace consisted of a high- intensity infrared radiant heater,

surrounded by highly reflective walls which reflected the heat from the heater

to the specimen. The reflective walls were made of 6.4 mm thick aluminum

plates, polished on the inner surface, with a water-cooled cooling jacket

soldered to the outside. This "reflective furnace" replaced the furnace of

refractory walls which had been used for tests on the tube specimen (Olson and

Glover, 1990). The heater contained six high- temperature infrared lamps

mounted in an aluminum housing. A phase-angle power controller which used 480

VAC, single phase, and 75 A at maximum voltage powered the heater.

Downstream of the furnace section, the hot gas flowed through a cooling

coil immersed in a water bath. The rate of gas flow was manually adjusted at

the bath outlet by valve 4, which also dropped the gas pressure to atmospheric

pressure. Beyond the valve, we measured helium flow rate with a heated- tube

thermal mass flow meter. After exiting the flow meter the gas was vented

outside the laboratory.

2.2 Channel pecimen

The channel specimen is shown in figure 3. It consisted of 12 parallel

flow channels milled in a lower plate of commercially pure nickel (UNS 02200)

,

with a cover plate of the same nickel brazed to it. The gas was directed into

the channels by the inlet manifold, flowed down the channels, and was

collected in the outlet manifold. Heating was from the top in figure 3. The

channel width and height were 3.18 mm and 0.56 mm, respectively. The ridge

between channels was 3.18 mm wide. The lower plate was 3.12 mm thick and the

cover plate was 1.93 mm thick, for a total thickness of 5.05 mm. The specimen

was 7.86 cm wide and 19.1 cm long. The pressure taps were tubes, 1.5 mm OD

and 1.0 mm ID, brazed into holes penetrating one of the channels.

3
The cover and base plate were cut to size and the channels milled at NIST.

The cover plate was brazed to the base plate at NASA Langley Research Center

in a vacuum oven using a braze alloy foil of 50% gold, 25% palladium, and 25%

nickel (AMS-4784, 1394 K liquidus) . Prior to brazing, the inner facing

surface of both plates was lapped to a flatness of ±0.01 mm. Figure 4 shows a sketch of an x-ray of the specimen after brazing. The figure shows that large

braze fillets formed in 4 of the 12 channels, which partially occluded the

flow passages

The assembled specimen was brazed to slots in the inlet and outlet

manifolds using a braze alloy of 82% gold and 18% nickel (AMS-4787, 1223 K

liquidus) . The pressure tap tubes were brazed to the specimen during the same

braze cycle. We pressurized the manifold and specimen to 10.3 MPa (1500 psi)

prior to installing the instrumentation, and there were no leaks. We painted

the top side of the specimen (the cover plate side) a flat black over the 15.2

cm length, to establish a uniform and highly absorptive surface over the

heated area. The paint was rated to 1000 K (1350 °F)

2.3 Instrumentation

We measured the temperature of the gas in the inlet and outlet manifolds,

gas pressure in the specimen, specimen temperatures, and the aforementioned

gas flow rate. The measurement technique and uncertainties, along with the

gas property uncertainties, are summarized in table 1.

We determined the distribution of heat flux on the specimen by calibrating

the furnace prior to inserting the specimen. The heat flux distribution was

defined as the local, normal (perpendicular) heat flux as a function of

position over the furnace target. The heat flux was constant in the direction

perpendicular to flow (y)

,

and varied by no more than ±7% in the direction

parallel to flow (x) except within 6% of the end walls. Details of the

furnace calibration are found in appendix A.

The gas inlet and outlet temperatures were measured with platinum

resistance thermometers (PRTs) , 4.8 mm diameter, inserted in the gas manifolds

at locations A and B of figure 2. We measured the gas pressure at location 0

in the specimen with a variable -reluctance pressure transducer which had an

output of 8.6 MPa full scale. Difference in pressure between locations 0 and

1 in the specimen was measured with a differential pressure transducer, also a variable-reluctance type with an output of 140 kPa (20 psi) full scale.

We measured specimen temperatures with thermocouples made from type-N wire,

with a wire diameter of 0.25 mm. We spot-welded 25 thermocouples to the side

opposite the radiant heat flux ( insulated- s ide ) . The heated-side temperature

was measured at 7 locations with type-N thermocouples mounted as shown in

figure 3. Two holes, 0.33 mm diameter, were drilled 1.27 mm on-center through

the ridge between the channels. The holes were back-drilled to within 0.20 mm

of the surface with a 0.57 mm diameter drill. We spot-welded each wire of the

pair to the heated surface, with the lead extending out the hole on the

insulated side. The thermocouple circuit was completed by the specimen

material between the two wires. A quartz sleeve, 0.48 mm outer diameter, was

4
inserted over the wire into the hole to electrically insulate the wire from

the wall of the hole. Because a portion of the specimen was removed and

replaced by wire plus quartz, each of which had a thermal conductivity lower

than that of the specimen, mounting the thermocouple locally increased the

specimen temperature. We estimated the magnitude of this temperature rise

from a finite - element analysis as 2-5 K at a radiant heat flux of 50 W/cm2

. Temperatures measured with the insulated- side thermocouples were used to

determine the heat transfer coefficient, as the installation technique did not

disturb the specimen temperatures and conduction errors were insignificant.

All thermocouples were connected to an isothermal reference box. We

measured the temperature of the reference box with a platinum resistance

thermometer. Copper conductor wire connected the reference box to the data

scanner. The connector box introduced negligible error in the temperature

measurement (Olson, 1989) .

All instrument signals were multiplexed through an automated scanner and

measured with a digital voltmeter. The scanner and voltmeter were controlled

with a personal computer through an IEEE-488 bus. Raw signals were stored on

a hard disk and copied to floppy disk for backup. Signals were converted to

SI units and the data analyzed at the completion of an experimental run. Some

signal readings were converted immediately to SI units and displayed on the

video terminal to assist in monitoring and operating the experiment. We have

included the measurement uncertainties introduced by the data acquisition

system in the stated uncertainties of each sensor.

3. Description of experiments and analysis techniques

3.1 Experiments conducted

A conditions for the nine experiments conducted with the channel specimen

in the helium flow apparatus are summarized in table 2. Also listed are the

values for the geometrical parameters required for the data analysis. Table 3

lists values for all the measured and calculated parameters at each data point

for each experiment. Tests were conducted at system pressures of either 3.5

MPa (500 psi) or 7.0 MPa (1000 psi) . In experiments 1 and 2, we tested a

range of helium flow rates, without heating the specimen, to determine the

friction factor. In experiments 3 to 9 , we varied the heater lamp voltage to

vary the rate of specimen heating; at each heating rate a range of helium flow

rates was tested up to 41 kg/h. The range in Reynolds number was 1400 to 28

000, while the range in normal heat flux was 0 to 77 W/cm2 (68 Btu/(s • f

t

2

) ) . The minimum inlet gas temperature was 291 K (64°F), while the maximum gas

outlet temperature was 710 K (818°F) . The maximum specimen temperature we

measured was 784 K (951°F)

.

Because of the high heat fluxes generated by the furnace, we carefully

followed a procedure to prevent overheating the specimen during experimental

set-up, run, and shut-down. With inadequate helium flow to cool the specimen,

the furnace is capable of heating the specimen beyond the melting point of the

brazing alloy and the nickel; with an internal pressure of 3.5 MPa or greater

this could easily rupture the specimen. We always started helium flow before

5
turning on the furnace, and we maintained helium flow after the furnace was

turned off. To set an experimental point, we closed valves 1 and 2, set the

control pressure on valve 3, and cracked open valve 4 (see fig. 2). We opened

valve 1 and verified that the tube trailer pressure was at least 25% above the

desired system pressure. Then, we slowly opened valve 2 to full open to

establish the helium flow. Valve 4 was adjusted to set a flow rate of at

least 5 kg/h. Next, we turned on the furnace heater lamp to a low voltage

(10%) while monitoring temperatures. The lamp voltage was then turned up to

the desired setting, and the helium flow was increased if necessary to provide

sufficient cooling.

Before taking the first data point, we waited at least 15 minutes with the

heater lamp at steady power to allow the specimen and manifolds to reach

thermal steady- state . The reflective furnace reached thermal steady- state in

about 5 min, but the outlet manifold had a longer time constant due to its

large thermal capacitance. We scanned the sensors at least twice at each

setting. After sampling all the sensors, we changed the helium flow rate by

adjusting valve 4. At each new flow rate, we waited a minimum of 5 min to

establish thermal steady- state before taking data, because a change of flow

rate also affected gas, specimen, and manifold temperatures. After we

finished taking data at one heater setting, we turned off the heater and

reduced the helium flow to 5 kg/h or less. We turned off the helium flow when

the furnace had cooled sufficiently, usually after about 10 min.

An unsteady experimental setting could translate into errors in the

calculated performance parameters. In the data analysis to follow, we have

assumed the settings were sufficiently steady to ignore thermal transients. A

steady setting was established by maintaining constant helium flow, gas

pressure, furnace heating, and gas inlet temperature. All were held steady to

within the uncertainty in the calibrations of the measurements. In the tube

specimen tests (Olson and Glover, 1990), we observed the inlet gas temperature

to decrease due to gas expansion. Because the present experiments were

conducted in summer, the tubing between the helium supply trailer and the

laboratory provided sufficient heat transfer to maintain a constant gas inlet

temperature

For the experiments conducted, we analyzed the data to determine the heat

transfer coefficient, h, and the friction factor, f. The heat transfer

coefficient was expressed as a dimensionless number, the Nusselt number, Nu.

A modified Nusselt number, Nt^, was calculated to include the effects of

variations in thermophysical properties, which we found to be significant in

the tube specimen experiments. Nu and Ni^ were correlated with the Reynolds

number, Re. The parameters h, Re, and Nu were calculated at each location of

an insulated-side thermocouple.

3.2 Friction factor

The friction factor results from an integration of the one -dimensional

momentum equation in the flow direction:

( 1 )

6
where P =

G «

P =

n =

0 =

1 =

pressure

;

mass flow rate in channel where pressure taps are located per

unit flow normal area

mc /Ac = PV;

mass flow rate in channel;

density

;

channel normal area = hcwc ; velocity

;

hydraulic diameter;

number of channels;

location of upstream pressure tap (x/L =* 0) ; location of downstream pressure tap (x/L = 1)

.

The first term on the right hand side of the equation is the pressure change

due to flow acceleration, and the second term is the pressure drop due to

frictional effects. Temperatures measured perpendicular to the flow direction

for experiments with heating indicated that the flow was not evenly

distributed in the 12 channels. The flow in the channel with the pressure

taps was determined by the method described in appendix B.

If the change in density is small compared to the absolute density, and the

pressure drop through the specimen is linear, then the integral can be

approximated as a constant and the resulting equation for f is

f _

Po-Pi - G

2 (l/Pl -1/P 0 )

_ (3)

2 (G2/p) • (L/Dh )

with p = (p o + P i)/2.

The density -change criterion was met when there was no heating, but when the

specimen was heated the exit density was as small as half the entrance

density, and eq (3) was not valid. Hence, the friction factor was determined

for the tests with no heating as a function of Reynolds number, where

Re = pVVm. W

To determine whether specimen heating had an effect on the friction factor,

eq (1) was integrated in a summation form from the inlet to outlet to predict

the pressure drop P0 -Pi> for the experiments with specimen heating. The

integral was evaluated at each location where wall temperature was measured,

with f found from the f-vs-Re correlation of experiments 1 and 2 and the local

density found from the gas temperature and pressure. This predicted pressure

drop was compared with the measured pressure drop.

3.3 Heat transfer coefficient

The heat transfer coefficient, h, is defined through the equation

qw = h • (Tw -Taw ) , (5)

where qw = local heat flux (heat flow per unit area) into the cooling

7
fluid based on total wetted-wall area of the specimen;

h = heat transfer coefficient;

Tw = specimen wall temperature;

Taw = adiabatic wall temperature of the cooling fluid.

The adiabatic wall temperature is used in gas flows whenever the kinetic

energy is significant compared to enthalpy changes (Rohsenow and Choi, 1961).

Friction can cause the local wall temperature to exceed the bulk fluid

temperature for an adiabatic specimen, and the adiabatic wall temperature

approximates this effect. It is defined as

Taw - Tf + rV2/(2c

p ), (6)

where Tf = local bulk fluid temperature;

r = recovery factor = Pr 1/3 for turbulent flow.

Adiabatic heating was as much as 2 K, and was greatest for the low pressure

experiments at high flow rate and high heating rate. The local heat flux in

eq (5) is expressed in terms of the total heat transfer to the specimen, QT , the total wetted wall area, and the furnace calibration function, fCT (Olson,

1989), which is a dimensionless expression of the local normal heat flux:

qw - (QT/An ).fq -(An/Aw ), (7)

with Aw = wetted wall area = 2n(wc +hc )L;

An = specimen heated normal area = L-W.

The function f

q

is on the order of 1, and if the heat flux were constant then

f

q would be 1 everywhere. The wall temperature used in eq (5) was measured

with the thermocouples on the insulated side of the specimen. We have assumed

that wall conduction was negligible both in the flow direction (x) and

perpendicular to the flow direction (y)

,

and thus that at each position the

heat incident on the specimen is all convected into the fluid.

The heat transfer coefficient, h, is defined in terms of the temperature of

the insulated wall, because that temperature was measured with the least

uncertainty. We desire to compare our results to the literature where h is

defined in terms of a solid- fluid interface temperature. Because the specimen

was heated from one side only and the solid thermal conductivity was finite,

specimen temperatures will vary between the heated side, the insulated side,

and the solid- fluid interface. However, because the Biot number (ratio of

wall conduction resistance to fluid convection resistance) was less than 1,

temperature variations in the specimen should be much less than the

temperature difference between the wall and the fluid. A finite-element

conduction analysis using anticipated values of the heat transfer coefficient

indicated that the wall temperature (at the solid-fluid interface) varied from

6.5 K greater than to 9.5 K less than the insulated side temperature (for 50

W/cm2 hot side heat flux and h = 6400 W/(mZ 'K)). This compares with a

temperature difference between the wall and bulk fluid of at least 67 K for

the same conditions. No attempt was made to extrapolate the measured

insulated- side temperature to a solid- fluid interface temperature.

8
Combining eqs (5), (6) and (7) and rearranging, we get

(Qt/Aw)

fq

(Tw

- [T£+(rV2 )/(2c

p

) ]

}

( 8 )

The flow-direction energy equation was used to calculate QT (to follow) . Gas

temperature Tf was calculated using the flow- direction energy e-quation along

with the furnace calibration (also to follow)

.

The total heat absorbed by the specimen was calculated from the

temperatures of the gas inlet and outlet, the helium flow rate, and the gas

pressure drop. It was not necessary to adjust for a heat leak to or from the

furnace, as the low temperatures of the reflective furnace made the term

negligible. In our previous work with the tube specimen, the heat leak was 2

to 5% (Olson and Glover, 1990).

Qt = m(hB -hA ) , (9)

where h = enthalpy;

A = location in inlet manifold of PRT

;

B = location in outlet manifold of PRT.

We neglected kinetic energy changes from A to B because they were

insignificant compared to the uncertainties of the temperature measurement.

The change in enthalpy is given by

hB -hA = c

p

- (Tb -Ta ) +

J [(l-i8T)/p]dP f ( 10 )

where /3 = coefficient of thermal expansion.

The specific heat is constant for helium for the range of conditions tested.

The pressure term was included to account for the slight divergence from the

ideal gas state for helium at these temperatures and pressures. The pressure

at A and B is estimated by assuming a linear drop along the specimen and

extrapolating the pressure from 0 and 1. This assumption introduces less than

0.1% error in QT

. The integral was evaluated using the virial equation of

state for the gas (McCarty, 1973). Combining eqs (9) and (10) yields for QT

:

Qt m- {c

p

- (Tb -Ta ) +

J

[ (l-^T)/p]dP)

.

(ID

The fluid temperature, Tf , was calculated by integrating the flow energy

equation from the inlet manifold up to the location of interest (designated as

x) , now including kinetic energy:

Qi/n-Q

Tfx - Ta +

px £

[(l-0T)/p]dP

mc

’ c

p

( 12 )

9
where Qpx = fraction of total heat flow on specimen added up to

position x; = integration of furnace calibration function f

q

, 0 to x.

Since the transverse temperature measurements for heated experiments indicate

the flow has not split evenly into the 12 channels, we calculate a local

channel flow rate according to appendix B. The fluid temperature requires the

velocity at x, given by

Vx - ihe /(Ac px ). (13)

The density is given by the equation of state (McCarty, 1973) as

Px = Px(Tfx>Px)- ( 14 )

We assume the pressure varies linearly between 0 and 1:

Px = P0

- (Pq-P^-x/L. (15)

The maximum error in Tf introduced by our assumption of a linear pressure

variation is less than 0.02 K.

With eq (15) substituted into eq (12) to evaluate the pressure term, eqs

(12) , (13) , and (14) form a system of three equations in the unknowns of

temperature, velocity, and density. They were solved through iteration.

With Tf and V determined at location x, the heat transfer coefficient was

calculated using eq (8). The Nusselt number, Prandtl number, and Reynolds

number were then calculated, with the transport properties evaluated at the

bulk fluid temperature, Tf

:

Nu = h-Dh/k,

Pr « n •

c

p

/k . (16)

Transport properties were calculated from the functions given in McCarty

(1972). The Nu, Pr , and Re performance parameters assume constant fluid

properties at the location x. Due to the large wall-to-fluid temperature

difference, viscosity and thermal conductivity varied between the wall and the

fluid (variation was as much as 26% for the lowest helium flow in experiment

8) . We used the temperature ratio method of Rohsenow and Hartnett (1973) to

correlate the data by calculating:

Nu„ - Nu-(Tw/T£ ) 0,55

. (17)

NUjj, was then correlated with Re.

3.4 Uncertainty analysis

Uncertainties for the calculated quantities were obtained by Taylor- series

10
error propagation as described by ASME (1986). This technique generally

produces the same level of confidence in a calculated result as the level of

confidence in the measurements which contribute to the result (Kline and

McClintock, 1953) . A summary of the uncertainties in the data analysis

parameters and in the calculated quantities is listed in table 4. Actual

values at the experimental points are included in table 3. The largest

contributor to the uncertainties in Tf , h, and Nu was the flow distribution

uncertainty (that is, whether or not the flow had split evenly into the 12

channels), particularly near the exit of the channels. Due to the approximate

nature of determining the channel- to -channel flow distribution (appendix B)

,

we assume there is still an uncertainty of ±5% after the adjustment is made.

4. Results of experiments

4.1 Friction factor

Experiments 1 and 2 (no heating) were conducted to determine the variation

of the friction factor with Reynolds number (eq 3) . Figure 5 shows the

variation in f with Re along with a least-squares correlation of the data (for

Re > 5000) . We have adjusted the flowrate in the channel where the pressure

taps were located, according to the method described in appendix B. There was

no dependence of f on the pressure level. We show the Karman-Nikuradse

relation for fully developed turbulent flow in a smooth tube, which according

to Hartnett et al . (1962) is applicable to turbulent flow in rectangular

channels. We also show the correlation for the results from the tube specimen

(Olson and Glover, 1990). These channel specimen data are correlated with

f = 0 . 05058 • Re" 0-2397

. (18)

The standard deviation of the difference between the measured and correlated

values is 1.26%. The points for Re < 5000 were not included in the

correlation because the flow was either laminar or transitional.

Our measured values for f were about 27-30% lower than those of the

accepted smooth- tube correlation. The estimated uncertainty in the measured

friction factor was 17-18% for Re > 4000. Below Re = 4000 the uncertainty

increased due to the small pressure drop and large relative uncertainty of the

pressure measurement. The are several possible explanations why our data is

lower than the accepted correlation. The uncertainty analysis indicates that

f oc hc 3

; hence the uncertainty in f is proportional to 3 times the uncertainty

in hc

. Without sectioning the channel specimen and rendering it unusable for

future tests, it was not possible to measure the channel height after the

specimen was brazed together. We have assumed an uncertainty in hc of 0.025

mm; if hc was larger by twice the uncertainty, then f would be 27-30% greater.

Although a greater channel height could explain the discrepancy in f,

it is more likely f is in error due to the "shortness" of the specimen from a measurement point of view. For the channel, L/Dh = 160, and 4fL/Dh ^ 3. The

dynamic head, pV2/ 2, is 23-36% of the total pressure drop. If there were a

slight burr or protrusion of the pressure tap tube into the channel, the

measured pressure could easily be shifted by one or more times the dynamic

11
head. This would explain the difference between our measured f and the

accepted value. For an accurate measurement of f, we would like 4fL/Dh » 1.

The uncertainty in f due to the large relative dynamic head was not included

in the uncertainty analysis.

Another possible explanation for our discrepancy in f is that we have

neglected an entrance length in calculating f. Hartnett et al . (1962) show

that for turbulent flow in a rectangular channel, the entrance length is about

20 hydraulic diameters. In that region, f is actually less than the fully

developed f. Including this effect in our data analysis would tend to

increase our predicted f in the fully developed region (L/Dh > 20) .

We used the friction factor correlation developed for the tests without

heat transfer to predict the pressure drop when the specimen was heated.

Figure 6 compares the error between the predicted pressure drop and the

measured pressure drop, plotted as a function of helium flow rate. For low

flow rates with Re < 2000, the laminar correlation of Rohsenow and Hartnett

(1973) was used for f. The error is less than 10% for most of the points, and

is evenly scattered about the 0% line. This is within the uncertainty of the

measured friction factor.

4.2 Temperature distributions and heat transfer

In experiments 3 to 9 we heated the channel specimen to determine the heat

transfer performance. A typical plot of temperatures in the helium gas and

along the specimen is shown in figure 7. The data are from the lowest flow

rate of experiment 8, which corresponded to the largest inlet- to-outlet

temperature rise in the helium. The measured specimen temperatures along the

y centerline (y/W = 0.08 for the hot side, y/W = -0.04 for the insulated

side), are shown from the inlet to the outlet. The calculated gas temperature

is also plotted (eq 12) for the locations of an insulated- side thermocouple.

The gas temperature increased approximately linearly from the inlet to the

outlet. The heated-side temperatures were 38-44 K higher than the insulatedside temperatures over most of the specimen. Specimen temperatures on both

sides increased steadily from the inlet to the outlet, except that the

temperature decreased near the outlet.

The temperature difference between the heated and insulated sides

correlates well with the incident normal heat flux. As the heat flux

increases, the above temperature difference increases almost linearly. Higher

helium flow reduces the temperature difference, because higher flows reduce

specimen temperatures and therefore increase the nickel thermal conductivity.

Compared to the tube specimen tested previously (Olson and Glover, 1990), this

temperature difference was about 4 times greater for the same heat flux. The

material thickness between the coolant channel and the heated surface was 3.8

times greater for the channel specimen, which produced the larger temperature

difference

Because the temperature increased from the inlet to the outlet, other fluid

properties changed significantly also. Both thermal conductivity and dynamic

viscosity increase with temperature, so they increased from the inlet to the

outlet. Fluid density decreased from the inlet to the outlet, due primarily

12
to the temperature increase but also to the pressure drop. Because density

decreased, fluid velocity increased from the inlet to the outlet; for the

conditions shown in the figure, the specimen inlet velocity was 18 m/s and the

specimen outlet velocity was 38 m/s.

Temperatures at locations perpendicular to the flow direction (y-var iation)

for the conditions of figure 7 are shown in figure 8. Here, at each x- location we have plotted temperature on the insulated side as a function of yposition. Temperatures were lowest near the middle of the specimen, and

highest near both outer edges. The temperature at x/L = 0.5 and y/W = 0.44

was 67 K higher than the temperature at x/L = 0.5 and y/W = -0.04. We believe

maldistribution of flow (flow in the center channels greater than the flow in

the outer channels) was the most likely cause of these variations in

temperature. If the flow in a channel were less than the average, the fluid

would heat up more as it flowed down the specimen. Also, the lower fluid

velocity would produce a smaller heat transfer coefficient, and the wall-tofluid temperature difference would have to be greater to accommodate the heat

flux. These two effects would cause higher wall temperatures for regions with

flow lower than average; similarly, regions with flow higher than average

would have lower wall temperatures.

Table 5 lists the results for the analysis which calculates the channel

flow rate based on the measured wall temperatures . For the experiment shown

in figure 8, we predict the helium flow in the middle channels is 7.3% greater

than the average, while the helium flow in the outer channels is 8.2% less

than the average (y/W = 0.363 to 0.500). The outer channels likely have lower

helium flow due to the partial blockage of the channels shown in figure 4.

Anomalies in the inlet and outlet manifolds could also cause non-uniform flow.

The analysis to determine the flow distribution also indicated that flow

maldistribution increased with mass flow, which is consistent with the nonlinearity of pressure drop vs flow rate. The relative helium flow in the

middle channel ranged from 3.2% above the average for low flow, experiment 3,

to 11.8% above average for high flow, experiment 6. The lowest relative flow

was 19.0% below average for the outer channel in experiment 6 with a high

average flow. If we had not used the wall temperature measurements to adjust

for the channel flow, the gas temperatures would be calculated incorrectly,

which would propagate as an error to both Re and Nu. For example, for no flow

adjustment, in the center channel of the specimen Tf and Nu would be too high,

and Re would be too low.

In figure 9 we show the heat transfer coefficient and wall- to-fluid

temperature difference for the same conditions as those for figure 7

(experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium flow). Shown are points along y/W =-0.04,

from the inlet to the outlet. h was calculated directly from the temperature

difference, with the appropriate heat flux (eq 8); to first order the trends

in Tw -Tf and h are mirrored. The temperature difference increases over the

first 60% of the specimen and decreases over the last 40%, with the largest

percentage change near the furnace end walls (x/L = 0 and 1) . We believe the

cause of the drop-off near the end walls was heat conduction through the

specimen wall to the inlet and outlet manifolds. The temperatures of the

manifolds were the same as the inlet and outlet gas temperatures, which were

lower than the specimen wall temperature at x/L = 0 and 1. We estimated the

13
effect of wall conduction using a 1-dimensional model of the specimen as a

"fin" (Rohsenow and Choi, 1961) assuming: (1) constant heat flux from 0 < x/L

< 1 with zero heat flux for x/L < 0 and x/L > 1; (2) constant fluid

temperature for x/L < 0, increasing linearly from 0 :$ x/L < 1, and constant

for x/L > 1; and (3) constant heat transfer coefficient. The results showed

that in the initial 20% and final 20% of the heated zone for this specimen,

wall temperatures were significantly influenced by conduction to the

manifolds. In these regions, h and therefore Nu cannot be calculated from eq

(8) , because the amount of heat convected into the fluid was not the same as

that incident on the specimen.

Figure 10 shows the variation of Re, NUj,,, and Nu with x for the same

experimental conditions as above. We have plotted Nu and Ni^ along the entire

heated length, although because of conduction effects the values are accurate

only for 0.2 < x/L < 0.8. The Reynolds number decreased from the inlet to the

outlet, due to the increase in viscosity caused by the temperature increase.

Nu and N^ also decreased from the inlet to the outlet, within the 0.2 < x/L <

0.8 region of accuracy. Ni^ was 14-20% higher than Nu for experiment 8.

The trends in temperature distributions, Re, and Nu with position did not

change qualitatively for the other helium flow rates for experiment 8, nor did

they change for the other heat flux rates tested. Figures 7 to 10 are

representative of the variations for all runs.

Figure 11 shows the modified Nusselt number plotted against the Reynolds

number for all experiments for data points at y/W = -0.04 and 0.2 < x/L < 0.8.

Also plotted is a correlation from the literature for fully developed

turbulent flow in circular tubes (Rohsenow and Hartnett, 1973), along with the

correlation for the tube specimen (Olson and Glover, 1990).

Rohsenow and Hartnett (1973): Nu = 0 . 022 • Re 0-8• Pr0,6

, (19)

Olson and Glover (1990): Nu = 0 . 0420 -Re°- 7385 • Pr0 6

. (20)

Rohsenow and Hartnett (1973) recommend using the circular tube correlation for

turbulent flow in rectangular channels, with the appropriate hydraulic

diameter. The data scatter for past investigators about the correlation curve

is often ±30% (e.g., see Ede, 1961). We have shown the correlation for our

data for Re > 10 000, which is the fully turbulent region. This is

Num = 0.0298 •Re°- 7685 -Pr°- 6

, (21)

or in terms of Nu,

Nu = 0.0298 - Re 0- 7685 • Pr°- 6

- (Tw/Tf )”°- 55

. (22)

The standard deviation between our data and correlation is 2.6% (Re > 10 000).

We have assumed a 0.6 power variation on Pr, and the leading coefficient was

calculated based on that variation. The Prandtl number was 0.662 to 0.666.

The Reynolds number power and the leading coefficient were calculated from a

least-squares fit.

Our data agreed very well with the past correlations, when we accounted for

14
the effect of variable properties in the temperature ratio as suggested by

Rohsenow and Hartnett (1973) . The temperature ratio for these experiments

varied from 1.06 to 1.41, producing a difference between Nu and of 3% to

21% (NUj,, being higher) . Without accounting for the effect of variable

properties in the temperature ratio, our data fell below the accepted

correlations by 20% at the highest temperature ratio. The uncertainty in the

measured Nu and Ni^ was 7.6% to 13.8%; the lower uncertainties occurred closer

to the inlet, and the higher uncertainties occurred closer to the outlet (due

to the contribution from the uncertainty in flow distribution) . Nu^

calculated from the channel specimen correlation is 7.3% lower than

calculated from the tube specimen correlation at Re = 10 000, and 4.3% lower

at Re = 30 000. However, data for the tube specimen was not adjusted for the

effects of flow maldistribution as was the channel specimen data. We estimate

Nu and Nu,,, for the tube specimen would be about 4% lower if flow

maldistribution were included. The two correlations therefore agree to within

the uncertainty band, and both agree with the accepted smooth- tube correlation

within the uncertainty band.

5. Summary and conclusions

We have constructed a thin, compact heat exchanger specimen consisting of

parallel rectangular channels in a base plate with a cover plate brazed to it.

The specimen was made of commercially pure nickel. The specimen was tested in

an apparatus which radiatively heated it on one side at a heat flux of up to

77 W/cm2 (68 Btu/(s • ft2

) ) , and cooled the specimen with helium gas at 3.5 to

7.0 MPa (500 to 1000 psi) and Re of 1400 to 28 000. Helium gas temperatures

ranged from 291 K (64°F) to 710 K (818°F) ; the peak specimen temperature was

784 K (951°F) . Measurements showed the friction factor of the channel

specimen was lower than that of a circular tube with fully developed turbulent

flow. The discrepancy is attributed to measurement errors arising from the

high ratio of dynamic head to frictional pressure drop of the specimen, and to

neglecting the entrance region. The measured Nusselt number, when modified to

account for the effects of variable properties, agreed with past correlations

for fully developed turbulent flow in circular tubes. It also agreed within

experimental uncertainty with the Nusselt number for a tube specimen tested

earlier. At these temperatures and pressures, there were no unusual effects

due to using helium as a heat transfer fluid. Conduction to the end manifolds

was important in the first 20% and last 20% of the heated portion of the

specimen. The flow in the outer channels was as much as 19% lower than the

average flow in the specimen. We anticipate that a specimen which is

optimized for heat transfer performance, by making the channels smaller in

height and width, would produce a higher pressure drop and also more evenly

distributed flow, assuming the brazing operation did not occlude the channels.

15
6. References

ASME, 1986, "ASME Performance Test Codes Supplement on Instruments and

Apparatus - Part 1 - Measurement Uncertainty," ANSI/ASME PTC 19.1-1985 .

Ede , A. J., 1961, "The Heat Transfer Coefficient for Flow in a Pipe," Int . J

,

of Heat Mass Transfer . Vol. 4, pp . 105-110.

Hartnett, J. P., Koh, J. C. Y. , and McComas , S. T. , 1962, "A Comparison of

Predicted and Measured Friction Factors for Turbulent Flow Through Rectangular

Ducts," J. of Heat Transfer . Vol. 84, pp . 82-88.

Kline, S. J., and McClintock, F. A., 1953, "Describing Uncertainties in

Single-Sample Experiments," Mechanical Engineering . Vol. 75, pp . 3-8.

McCarty, R. D. , 1972, "Thermophysical Properties of Helium-4 from 2 to 1500 K

with Pressures to 1000 Atmospheres," NBS -TN- 631 .

McCarty, R. D., 1973, "Thermodynamic Properties of Helium 4 from 2 to 1500 K

at Pressures to 10 8 Pa," J. Phys , Chem. Ref. Data . Vol. 2, no. 4, pp . 923-

1042.

Olson, D. A., 1989, "Apparatus for Measuring High-Flux Heat Transfer in

Radiatively Heated Compact Exchangers," NISTIR 89-3926 .

Olson, D. A., and Glover, M. P., 1990, "Heat Transfer in a Compact Tubular

Heat Exchanger With Helium Gas at 3.5 MPa," NISTIR 3941 .

Rohsenow, W. M. , and Choi, H., 1961, Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer . Prentice -Hall , Inc., Englewood Cliffs.

Rohsenow, W. M. , and Hartnett, J. P., 1973, Handbook of Heat Transfer . McGrawHill, Inc., New York.

Scotti, S. J., Martin, C. J., and Lucas, S. H. , 1988, "Active Cooling Design

for Scramjet Engines Using Optimization Methods," NASA TM-100581 .

Shore, C. P., 1986, "Review of Convectively Cooied Structures for Hypersonic

Flight," NASA TM- 87740 .

16
Appendices

A. Heat flux distribution in reflective furnace

A new furnace was installed in the flow apparatus for the experiments on

the channel specimen. This furnace had reflective aluminum walls which were

water-cooled. The heat flux distribution from the furnace on the target area

occupied by the specimen was calibrated using the same procedure described in

Olson (1989). In this method, a calibration specimen was placed in the

furnace target area. This specimen was a water-cooled copper plate with 3

heat flow meters (1.59 cm by 1.59 cm) soldered to it. With the infrared lamps

at steady heating, the calibration specimen with the heat flow meters was

traversed over the target area, and the relative heat flow through the meters

was measured.

The data were analyzed to convert the measured heat flow to a heat flux

function. This function, f

q

, is defined such that when multiplied by the

total incident heat flow and divided by the normal area, it gives the local

normal heat flux. Or,

9n - fq'Qi/An- (A.l)

The method for determining f

q

are described in Olson (1989) and will not be

repeated here. The method assumes that the heat flux from the furnace is not

dependent on the specimen which is placed in the apparatus.

Calibration experiments were performed at furnace voltage settings of

21.0%, 35.5%, 50.5%, 62.7%, and again at 36.0% of full scale. Except close to

the furnace end walls (x/L = 0 and x/L = 1) , the meter heat flow, normalized

by the heat flow at x/L =0.5, is very similar to the calibration function f

q

. Therefore examining the raw data indicates very accurately the furnace

performance. Figure A.l shows the normalized meter heat flow as a function of

x/L for a furnace voltage of 36%. This is a scan at y/W = 0.12. x/L is the

coordinate of the center of the meter. Because of the finite width of the

meter, it begins to be shaded by the furnace walls when it is closer than x/L

= 0.052 from the furnace walls (shown as the dashed line on the figure).

There are minima in the heat flow near x/L =0.21 and x/L = 0.79. The heat

flow reaches maxima at x/L =0.08, 0.50, and 0.92. The distribution is

symmetric about the location x/L = 0.5. This distribution with x/L was the

same for all heating levels tested. The previous furnace, which had

refractory walls, had a symmetric distribution below 29% of full scale

voltage, and an asymmetric distribution above 29% of full scale voltage. For

the new reflective furnace, there was no variation in heat flux in the y

direction.

The uncertainty in the heat flux distribution is ±4%; the major source of

uncertainty is the heat flow meter uncertainty.

17
B. Method of calculating flow distribution in specimen

For experiments where the specimen is heated, we found wall temperatures to

vary in the y-direction, perpendicular to the helium flow. If the heat flux

were constant over the specimen and the flow in each channel were the same,

the temperatures should not vary in the y direction. Since we know from the

furnace calibration that heat flux is not a function of y, it is most likely

that the flow varies from channel to channel. The x-ray (fig. 4) of the

assembled specimen shows regions of partial flow blockage which could

contribute to the non-uniform flow. To calculate fluid temperatures we need

to know the flow per channel, and assuming uniform flow will produce errors in

Re and Nu. It is likely that the non-uniform channel flow also exists when

the specimen is unheated, so assuming uniform flow will also produce an error

in f.

We calculate a channel flow distribution by assuming the wall temperature

variations in the y direction are due solely to variations in flow per

channel. We neglect solid conduction in the y-direction, which is less than

3% of the incident heat flux in the worst case. We use the wall temperature

measurements at x/L = 0.5, because these probes extend furthest In the + and - y directions; there were 5 probes at this location. The identity for the wall

temperature at x and y is

T = T ^wx.y L 0 + ( Tfx ( y- To) + ( Twx,y” i fx,y ) (B.l)

The first term in parentheses on the right hand side is the temperature

difference due to enthalpy rise of the fluid, while the second term is the

temperature difference due to local heat transfer from the solid to the fluid.

We now define an "average" fluid temperature as the temperature of the

fluid if the helium flow were equal in each channel. The actual channel fluid

temperature and helium flow can be related to the average through the equation

I^c cp('^fx,y‘

r^o) = (TM/n ) cp(Tfx ave “T0 ) . (B.2)

Each side of the equation is obtained by setting it equal to the heat flux

added by the furnace up to x. We have canceled out the kinetic energy term

and the term due to deviations from the non- ideal gas, as both are small and

insignificant in making the flow rate adjustment. Rearranging we get

(T£x , y-T0 ) - (m/n)/(mc )

• (Tfx ave -T0 ) . (B.3)

To find the wall- to-fluid temperature difference, we write the local heat

transfer equation

Twx,y“ Tawx,y = qw/h • ( B - 4 )

We define an "average" wall temperature as that temperature the wall would

attain if the flow were uniform:

^wx,ave"^awx,ave ~~ ^w/^ave • (B.5)

18
have is also the heat transfer coefficient for uniform flow. Because the heat

flux does not depend on the channel flow, B.4 and B.5 can be combined:

^wx.y^fx.y =

(^wx, ave

" ^fx, ave) ’ (^ave/^1 ) • (h.6)

Here we have neglected the kinetic energy term in the adiabatic wall

temperature, as variations in it due to flow non-uniformity are not

significant

.

The heat transfer coefficient, h, can be related to the Nusselt number,

which is correlated with the Reynolds number and Prandtl number, by

h = k/Dh

• Nu = k/Dh• c • Rea

• Prb

. (B.7)

The ratio of heat transfer coefficients is

have/h = (^aveA) ' [ ( lh/n)/(mc ) ] a

- (^/Mave)

3

- (B.8)

We have expressed Re in terms of the flow rate and viscosity. There are no

variations in Pr with temperature, so it cancels. The geometry (Dh and Af ) cancels, since it does not depend on the flow distribution. Note also that

the leading coefficient on the Nu vs Re correlation cancels; we do not need to

know the magnitude of Nu for this correction, only the exponent of variation

with Re.

We now assume a = 1. For turbulent flow in a tube, a = 0.8. Because /i increases with temperature, n increases if mc is less than m/n, and including

the viscosity ratio in the flow ratio effectively makes a > 0.8. k also

increases with temperature, so including it with the flow ratio would decrease

a again. Letting a = 1 greatly simplifies the mathematics of the calculation.

The error introduced in the adjusted Nu by using a = 1.0 instead of a = 0.8 is

less than 1%. Setting a = 1 and including the k and /i ratios in with the flow

ratio, we find that

Twx,y“Tfx,y = (

T

WX( ave TfXj ave )

• (m/n) / (mc ) . (B.9)

Substituting eqs (B.9) and (B.3) into (B.l) and simplifying, we get

mc = (ro/n )

’ (TWx i ave"^'o)/('^wx,y

- '^o) * (B.10)

The unknowns in this equation are Tra ave and mc

. We measured the total helium

flow rate, wall temperatures at x/L = 0.5, and helium inlet temperature. A

second equation comes from integrating eq (B.10) across the specimen in the y

direction, as the sum of all flows in the individual channels must equal the

total measured flow. Or,

19
W “ ( Twx,ave' To)

f+W/2

dy

(B.ll)

( Twx,y" To)

J -W/2

The integral is approximated as a sum, using the wall temperatures measured at

5 different y/W locations for x/L = 0.5. Equation (B.ll) is then solved for

Twx ave at x/L = 0.5. The helium flows in the channels are then solved from eq

(B.10). Because the wall temperatures are known only at five points, we split

the specimen into five regions, with the boundaries between regions at the

midpoints between the locations of the 5 temperature probes. Within each

region, the flow per channel is considered to be the same.

Since flow from one channel could not penetrate into another channel, the

flow per channel (calculated for x/L =0.5) is constant from x/L = 0 to x/L =

1. We performed the distribution calculations for each flow rate at each heat

flux setting (except for zero heat flux). Table 5 lists the results. For

experiment 8, the flow distribution is plotted vs y/W in figure B.l. Lines

connect the points where the wall temperature is measured and the channel flow

is calculated; these are drawn for ease in seeing the trends of flow vs y/W

and do not imply continuous variation. The channel flow peaks near the center

of the specimen and is lower at the outer edges. In addition, the

maldistribution accentuates as the total flow increases. These trends were

observed for all the heat flux levels tested.

We found the flow distribution was not a function of the level of heat

flux. It is likely the same distribution was present when the heat flux was

zero, although the wall temperatures were uniform and could not be used to

calculate the distribution. To measure the friction factor, we need the flow

in the channel near the middle of specimen (where the pressure taps are

located), which exceeds m/n. We correlated mc /(m/n) in the center channel vs

m using the results from experiments 3-9, then used that correlation to find

mc for the friction factor experiments. The correlation had a standard

deviation of 0.45%.

20
Table 1. Uncertainties in experimental measurements and gas properties

at a 95% confidence interval

Measurement or

Property Technique

Major Source

of Uncertainty

Magnitude of

Uncertainty

Gas Flow Rate Thermal Mass

Flow Meter

Meter Calibration ±1%

Heat Flux Calibration of

Furnace

Heat Flow Meter ±4%

Gas Inlet and

Outlet Temperatures

Platinum Resistance ThermometerRadiation ±0.5 K

Gas Pressure Pressure TransducerCalibration ±0.25%

Gas Differential

Pressure

Pressure TransducerCalibration greater of

±0.5% or

±137 Pa

Specimen

Temperature

Type-N ThermocoupleWire Calibration,

Installation

greater of

±0.4% of T(C)

or ±1.1 K

Gas Density Thermodynamic

Function

Function Accuracy ±0.1%

Gas Enthalpy Thermodynami

c

Function

Function Accuracy ±0.2%

Gas Specific Heat Thermodynamic

Function

Function Accuracy ±5%

Gas Viscosity Thermodynamic

Function

Function Accuracy ±10%

Gas Thermal

Conductivity

Thermodynamic

Function

Function Accuracy ±3%

21
\

Table 2. Summary of geometrical parameters and experimental conditions

for channel specimen

Number of Channels, n = 20

Channel Height, hc = 0.559 mm

Channel Width, wc = 3.175 mm

Channel Hydraulic Diameter, Dh = 0.9503 mm

Specimen Heated Length, L = 15.24 cm

Specimen Width, W = 7.86 cm

Specimen Heated Normal Area, = 119.2 cm2 Specimen Wetted Wall Area, = 136.6 cm2 Flow Normal Area, Af = 0.2129 cm2

Expt

#

Date

Inlet

Pressure

(kPa)

Heater

Voltage

(%)

Normal

Heat Flux

(W/cm2

)

Helium

Flow Rate

(kg/h)

Reynolds

Number

1 7/23/90 3560 0.0 0.0 2.8-40.3 1800-28 000

2 8/06/90 7250 0.0 0.0 2.4-39.9 1500-27 500

3 8/06/90 3450 26.1 21.3 4.1-39.8 1500-28 000

4 7/20/90 3580 50.0 42.6 10.2-40.0 4000-28 000

5 8/08/90 3545 75.4 60.9 13.3-40.6 5000-28 000

6 8/10/90 6950 25.3 20.3 3.8-41.0 1400-28 000

7 8/09/90 6960 50.8 42.2 9.3-40.9 3500-28 000

8 8/13/90 7000 76.3 63.9 13.8-40.9 5100-28 000

9 8/14/90 7010 94.3 77.3 17.9 6800-12 000

22
Table 3. Data tables for all experiments

Channel Spec i iron Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 09:51:03

TA T8 M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Uf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X %

292 . 73 292.28 2.81 3581.4 0.75 0.00 0.00936 25.04

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 292.53

2.540 0.655 292.53

5.080 0.655 292.53

7.620 0.655 292.50

10.160 0.655 292.49

12.700 0.655 292.46

13.653 0.655 292.48

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

- -Uncertainties-

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw Wtf Ure

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 292.64 292.73 3581.4 6.57 1832 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 292.61 292.69 3581.4 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 292.57 292.65 3581.3 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 292.57 292.62 3581.3 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 292.57 292.58 3581.2 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 292.53 292.55 3581.1 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 292.54 292.51 3581.1 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 292.53 292.47 3581.0 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 292.55 292.44 3580.9 6.56 1834 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 292.53 292.40 3580.9 6.56 1834 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 292.51 292.36 3580.8 6.56 1834 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 292.49 292.33 3580.8 6.56 1834 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 292.44 292.29 3580.7 6.56 1834 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 292.61 292.65 3581.3 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 292.51 292.58 3581.2 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 292.55 292.51 3581.1 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 292.56 292.44 3580.9 6.56 1834 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 292.52 292.36 3580.8 6.56 1834 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 292.57 292.65 3581.3 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 292.56 292.58 3581.2 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 292.53 292.51 3581.1 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 292.54 292.44 3580.9 6.56 1834 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 292.52 292.36 3580.8 6.56 1834 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 292.58 292.51 3581.1 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 292.53 292.51 3581.1 6.57 1833 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

23
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 09:55:51

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Mi f Uf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X %

293.26 292.88 6.07 3576.2 2.61 0.00 0.00683 17.90

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K

i .588 0.655 293..11

2 .540 0.655 293..11

5 .080 0.655 293..12

7 .620 0.655 293..10

10 .160 0.655 293.,11 12 .700 0.655 293..09

13 .653 0.655 293..08

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: --Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw wtf Wre

cm cm < K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 293.25 293.24 3576.2 14.39 3995 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 293.19 293.21 3575.9 14.39 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 293.20 293.18 3575.7 14.39 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 293.18 293.15 3575.5 14.38 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 293.17 293.12 3575.3 14.38 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 293.16 293.09 3575.1 14.38 3997 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 293.17 293.06 3574.9 14.38 3997 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 293.17 293.03 3574.6 14.38 3997 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 293.17 293.00 3574.4 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 293.15 292.97 3574.2 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 293.15 292.94 3574.0 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 293.14 292.91 3573.8 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 293.13 292.88 3573.6 14.38 3999 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 293.24 293.18 3575.7 14.39 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 293.09 293.12 3575.3 14.38 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 293.19 293.06 3574.9 14.38 3997 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 293.20 293.00 3574.4 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 293.19 292.94 3574.0 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 293.15 293.18 3575.7 14.39 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 293.18 293.12 3575.3 14.38 3996 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 293.14 293.06 3574.9 14.38 3997 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 293.15 293.00 3574.4 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 293.12 292.94 3574.0 14.38 3998 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 293.23 293.06 3574.9 14.38 3997 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 293.14 293.06 3574.9 14.38 3997 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

24
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 10:00:46

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Uf

K < kg/h kPa kPa X X

293.60 293.47 9.78 3572.1 6.35 0.00 0.00623 17.25

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tu cm cm K 1.588 0.655 293.52

2.540 0.655 293.50

5.080 0.655 293.50

7.620 0.655 293.50

10.160 0.655 293.51 12.700 0.655 293.50

13.653 0.655 293.52

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw Utf Wre

cm cm K K kPa m/s K X X

0.000 -0.965 293.58 293.54 3572.1 23.48 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 293.53 293.53 3571.5 23.48 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 293.52 293.52 3571.0 23.48 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 293.51 293.51 3570.5 23.49 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5,080 -0.318 293.53 293.50 3570.0 23.49 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 293.52 293.49 3569.4 23.49 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 293.53 293.48 3568.9 23.49 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 293.51 293.47 3568.4 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 293.53 293.46 3567.8 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 293.52 293.45 3567.3 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 293.52 293.45 3566.8 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 293.51 293.44 3566.3 23.51 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 293.52 293.43 3565.7 23.51 6504 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27 2.527 -2.223 293.54 293.52 3571.0 23.48 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 293.43 293.50 3570.0 23.49 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27 7.607 -2.235 293.51 293.48 3568.9 23.49 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 293.52 293.46 3567.8 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 293.50 293.45 3566.8 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 293.47 293.52 3571.0 23.48 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 293.47 293.50 3570.0 23.49 6502 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 293.47 293.48 3568.9 23.49 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 293.46 293.46 3567.9 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 293.47 293.45 3566.8 23.50 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27 7.607 -3.493 293.54 293.48 3568.9 23.49 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 293.46 293.48 3568.9 23.49 6503 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

25
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 10:05:29

TA T8 M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Wf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X 292.76 292.94 15.39 3566.6 14.41 0.00 0.00554 17.14

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 292.72

2.540 0.655 292.77

5.080 0.655 292.73

7.620 0.655 292.77

10.160 0.655 292.76

12.700 0.655 292.76

13.653 0.655 292.76

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: --Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw Wtf Wre

cm cm K K kPa m/s X K X

0.000 -0.965 292.77 292.63 3566.6 37.40 10395 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 292.71 292.64 3565.4 37.41 10394 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27 2.527 -0.330 292.71 292.66 3564.2 37.42 10394 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 292.74 292.67 3563.0 37.44 10394 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 292.73 292.68 3561.8 37.45 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27 6.363 -0.318 292.72 292.70 3560.6 37.47 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 292.73 292.71 3559.4 37.48 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 292.76 292.73 3558.2 37.50 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 292.71 292.74 3557.0 37.51 10392 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 292.73 292.75 3555.8 37.53 10392 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 292.73 292.77 3554.6 37.54 10392 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 292.75 292.78 3553.4 37.55 10391 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 292.71 292.79 3552.2 37.57 10391 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27 2.527 -2.223 292.67 292.66 3564.2 37.42 10394 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 292.75 292.68 3561.8 37.45 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27 7.607 -2.235 292.71 292.71 3559.4 37.48 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 292.70 292.74 3557.0 37.51 10392 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 292.67 292.77 3554.6 37.54 10392 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 292.68 292.66 3564.2 37.43 10394 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 292.72 292.68 3561.8 37.45 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 292.67 292.71 3559.4 37.48 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 292.70 292.74 3557.0 37.51 10392 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 292.69 292.77 3554.6 37.54 10392 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 292.65 292.71 3559.4 37.48 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 292.67 292.71 3559.4 37.48 10393 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

26
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 10:09:54

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Wf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X 292.06 292.21 20.17 3561.1 23.59 0.01 0.00517 17.13

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 292.06

2.540 0.655 292.08

5.080 0.655 292.12

7.620 0.655 292.10

10.160 0.655 292.11

12.700 0.655 292.11

13.653 0.655 292.11

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: --Uncertainties*-

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Wtw Utf Ure

cm cm K K kPa m/s K < X

0.000 -0.965 292.11 291.83 3561.1 49.44 13783 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 292.08 291.84 3559.1 49.47 13783 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 292.08 291.85 3557.2 49.50 13783 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 292.09 291.86 3555.2 49.53 13783 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 292.10 291.88 3553.2 49.56 13782 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 292.07 291.89 3551.2 49.59 13782 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 292.09 291.90 3549.3 49.62 13782 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 292.10 291.91 3547.3 49.64 13781 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 292.09 291.92 3545.4 49.67 13781 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 292.08 291.93 3543.4 49.70 13781 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 292.09 291.94 3541.4 49.73 13780 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 292.10 291.95 3539.5 49.76 13780 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 292.07 291.96 3537.5 49.79 13780 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 292.08 291.85 3557.2 49.50 13783 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 292.14 291.88 3553.2 49.56 13782 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 292.08 291.90 3549.3 49.62 13782 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 292.08 291.92 3545.3 49.67 13781 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 292.08 291.94 3541.4 49.73 13780 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 292.09 291.85 3557.1 49.50 13783 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 292.10 291.88 3553.2 49.56 13782 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 292.07 291.90 3549.3 49.62 13782 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 292.06 291.92 3545.4 49.67 13781 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 292.11 291.94 3541.4 49.73 13780 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 292.05 291.90 3549.3 49.62 13782 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 292.10 291.90 3549.3 49.62 13782 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

27
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 10:14:27

TA TB N P0 P0-P1 Vf f Wf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X

291.81 291.92 24.92 3554.3 34.74 0.00 0.00489 17.13

Hot-side Temperatures:

X r Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 291.81 2.540 0.655 291.79

5.080 0.655 291.81

7.620 0.655 291.80

10.160 0.655 291.81

12.700 0.655 291.82

13.653 0.655 291.81

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: --Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw Wtf Wre

cm cm K K kPa m/s < K X

0.000 -0.965 291.86 291.45 3554.3 61.61 17180 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 291.82 291.46 3551.4 61.66 17180 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 291.80 291.46 3548.5 61.71 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 291.82 291.47 3545.6 61.76 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 291.82 291.48 3542.7 61.81 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 291.81 291.49 3539.8 61.87 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 291.81 291.49 3536.9 61.92 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 291.79 291.50 3534.0 61.97 17178 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 291.82 291.51 3531.1 62.02 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 291.82 291.52 3528.2 62.07 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 291.83 291.53 3525.3 62.12 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 291.84 291.53 3522.4 62.17 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 291.82 291.54 3519.5 62.23 17177 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 291.80 291.46 3548.5 61.71 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 291.87 291.48 3542.7 61.81 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 291.84 291.49 3536.9 61.92 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 291.80 291.51 3531.1 62.02 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 291.83 291.53 3525.3 62.12 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 291.83 291.46 3548.5 61.71 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 291.81 291.48 3542.7 61.81 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 291.82 291.49 3536.9 61.92 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 291.83 291.51 3531.1 62.02 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 291.85 291.53 3525.3 62.12 17178 0.665 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 291.80 291.49 3536.9 61.92 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 291.87 291.49 3536.9 61.92 17179 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

28
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 10:18:44

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Uf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X

291.64 291.75 30.62 3544.0 51.14 0.00 0.00466 17.13

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 291.61 2.540 0.655 291.63

5.080 0.655 291.60

7.620 0.655 291.63

10.160 0.655 291.63

12.700 0.655 291.64

13.653 0.655 291.67

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Wtw wtf Wre

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 291.68 291.08 3544.0 76.38 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

1.270 -0.318 291.63 291.09 3539.7 76.47 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

2.527 -0.330 291.61 291.09 3535.5 76.56 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

3.810 -0.318 291.66 291.10 3531.2 76.65 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

5.080 -0.318 291.61 291.11 3527.0 76.75 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

6.363 -0.318 291.64 291.11 3522.7 76.84 21281 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

7.620 -0.330 291.65 291.12 3518.4 76.93 21281 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

8.903 -0.305 291.64 291.13 3514.1 77.03 21281 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

10.160 -0.318 291.62 291.14 3509.9 77.12 21281 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

11.430 -0.318 291.63 291.14 3505.7 77.21 21281 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

12.700 -0.305 291.64 291.15 3501.4 77.31 21280 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

13.970 -0.318 291.67 291.16 3497.1 77.40 21280 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

15.240 -0.953 291.64 291.16 3492.9 77.50 21280 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

2.527 -2.223 291.62 291.09 3535.5 76.56 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

5.080 -2.235 291.71 291.11 3527.0 76.75 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

7.607 -2.235 291.65 291.12 3518.5 76.93 21281 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

10.173 -2.223 291.64 291.14 3509.9 77.12 21281 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

12.700 -2.223 291.63 291.15 3501.4 77.31 21280 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

2.540 2.197 291.65 291.09 3535.5 76.56 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

5.080 2.223 291.63 291.11 3527.0 76.75 21282 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

7.620 2.223 291.66 291.12 3518.4 76.93 21281 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

10.147 2.223 291.64 291.14 3510.0 77.12 21281 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

12.713 2.223 291.68 291.15 3501.3 77.31 21280 0.665 1.10 0.51 11.27

7.607 -3.493 291 .65 291.12 3518.5 76.93 21281 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

7.633 3.493 291.65 291.12 3518.4 76.93 21281 0.664 1.10 0.51 11.27

29
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 10:23:06

TA TB H P0 P0-P1 Vf f Uf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X

291.46 291.61 40.31 3524.9 86.53 0.00 0.00442 17.13

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 291,.38

2 .540 0.655 291,.41

5 .080 0.655 291,.41 7 .620 0.655 291 .42

10 .160 0.655 291 .38

12 .700 0.655 291 .44

13 .653 0.655 291 .46

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: --Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw Utf Ure

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 291.46 290.48 3524.9 101.57 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

1.270 -0.318 291.40 290.48 3517.7 101.77 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

2.527 -0.330 291.42 290.49 3510.6 101.98 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

3.810 -0.318 291.41 290.50 3503.3 102.19 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

5.080 -0.318 291.41 290.51 3496.1 102.40 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

6.363 -0.318 291.42 290.51 3488.8 102.61 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

7.620 -0.330 291.42 290.52 3481.7 102.82 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

8.903 -0.305 291.44 290.52 3474.4 103.03 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

10.160 -0.318 291.39 290.53 3467.2 103.25 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

11.430 -0.318 291.43 290.54 3460.0 103.46 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

12.700 -0.305 291 .43 290.54 3452.8 103.67 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

13.970 -0.318 291.45 290.55 3445.6 103.89 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

15.240 -0.953 291.45 290.56 3438.4 104.11 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

2.527 -2.223 291.43 290.49 3510.6 101.98 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

5.080 -2.235 291.47 290.51 3496.1 102.40 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

7.607 -2.235 291.44 290.52 3481.7 102.82 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

10.173 -2.223 291.43 290.53 3467.2 103.25 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

12.700 -2.223 291.44 290.54 3452.8 103.67 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

2.540 2.197 291.43 290.49 3510.5 101.98 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

5.080 2.223 291.43 290.51 3496.1 102.40 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

7.620 2.223 291.41 290.52 3481.7 102.82 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

10.147 2.223 291.41 290.53 3467.3 103.24 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27

12.713 2.223 291.43 290.54 3452.7 103.68 28248 0.665 1.10 0.52 11.27 7.607 -3.493 291.43 290.52 3481.7 102.82 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

7.633 3.493 291.42 290.52 3481.6 102.82 28248 0.664 1.10 0.52 11.27

30
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 1 Date: 23 July 1990

Time: 10:26:33

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Uf

< K kg/h kPa kPa X X

291.56 291.60 16.77 3586.9 16.84 0.00 0.00547 17.14

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K

i .588 0.655 291,.57

2 .540 0.655 291,.59

5 .080 0.655 291,.58

7 .620 0.655 291,.58

10 .160 0.655 291,.58

12 .700 0.655 291,.60

13 .653 0.655 291,.61

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties-*

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Wtw Wtf Wre

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 291.65 291.41 3586.9 40.48 11393 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 291.59 291.41 3585.4 40.50 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 291.61 291.41 3584.1 40.51 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 291.61 291.42 3582.6 40.53 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 291.60 291.42 3581.2 40.55 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 291.61 291.42 3579.8 40.56 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 291.63 291.42 3578.4 40.58 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 291.61 291.43 3577.0 40.60 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 291.60 291.43 3575.6 40.61 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 291.60 291.43 3574.2 40.63 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 291.61 291.43 3572.8 40.64 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 291.64 291.44 3571.4 40.66 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 291.63 291.44 3570.0 40.67 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 291.61 291.41 3584.1 40.51 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 291.63 291.42 3581.2 40.55 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 291.64 291.42 3578.4 40.58 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 291.62 291.43 3575.6 40.61 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 291.62 291.43 3572.8 40.64 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 291.63 291.41 3584.0 40.51 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 291.64 291.42 3581.2 40.55 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 291.61 291.42 3578.4 40.58 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 291.61 291.43 3575.6 40.61 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 291.63 291.43 3572.8 40.64 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 291.63 291.42 3578.4 40.58 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 291.64 291.42 3578.4 40.58 11392 0.664 1.10 0.50 11.27

31
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:02:08

f Ufx

0.01132 44.97

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm < 1.588 0.655 296.40

2.540 0.655 296.41 5.080 0.655 296.37

7.620 0.655 296.32

10.160 0.655 296.29

12.700 0.655 296.27

13.653 0.655 296.25

TA TB

K K 296.73 296.07

M P0

kg/h kPa 2.37 7219.3

P0-P1 Vf kPa X

0.33 -0.02

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Wtw utf Wre cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 296.50 296.73 7219.3 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 296.44 296.68 7219.3 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 296.45 296.63 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 296.40 296.57 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 296.39 296.52 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 296.36 296.47 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 296.36 296.42 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 296.33 296.36 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 296.34 296.31 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 296.31 296.26 7219.0 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 296.28 296.20 7219.0 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 296.26 296.15 7219.0 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 296.22 296.10 7219.0 2.83 1525 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 296.48 296.63 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 296.32 296.52 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 296.37 296.42 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 296.36 296.31 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 296.29 296.20 7219.0 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 296.42 296.63 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 296.37 296.52 7219.2 2.83 1523 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 296.35 296.42 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 296.33 296.31 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 296.28 296.20 7219.0 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 296.40 296.42 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 296.36 296.41 7219.1 2.83 1524 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

32
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:06:38

P0-P1 Vf f Wf kPa X X

1.02 -0.02 0.00697 21.73

Hot- side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K

1.588 0.655 297.83

2.540 0.655 297.82

5.080 0.655 297.78

7.620 0.655 297.76

10.160 0.655 297.73

12.700 0.655 297.68

13.653 0.655 297.67

TA TB

K < 298.28 297.22

M P0

kg/h kPa 5.27 7210.7

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Wtw Utf Ure

cm cm K K kPa m/s < K X

0.000 -0.965 297.96 298.28 7210.7 6.38 3398 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 297.98 298.20 7210.6 6.38 3399 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 297.91 298.11 7210.5 6.38 3400 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 297.85 298.03 7210.4 6.38 3400 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 297.85 297.94 7210.3 6.38 3401 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 297.86 297.86 7210.2 6.37 3401 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 297.85 297.77 7210.2 6.37 3402 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 297.81 297.69 7210.1 6.37 3403 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 297.83 297.60 7210.0 6.37 3403 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 297.81 297.52 7209.9 6.37 3404 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 297.79 297.43 7209.8 6.36 3405 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 297.74 297.35 7209.7 6.36 3405 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 297.69 297.26 7209.6 6.36 3406 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 298.04 298.11 7210.5 6.38 3400 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 297.64 297.94 7210.3 6.38 3401 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 297.86 297.77 7210.2 6.37 3402 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 297.89 297.60 7210.0 6.37 3403 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 297.86 297.43 7209.8 6.36 3405 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 297.86 298.11 7210.5 6.38 3400 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 297.86 297.94 7210.3 6.38 3401 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 297.82 297.77 7210.2 6.37 3402 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 297.81 297.60 7210.0 6.37 3403 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 297.77 297.43 7209.8 6.36 3405 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 297.98 297.77 7210.2 6.37 3402 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 297.81 297.77 7210.2 6.37 3402 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

33
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:11:11

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Wf

K K kfl/h kPa kPa X X

299.61 299.05 10.23 7212.6 3.51 -0.01 0.00613 17.56

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.586 0.655 299.32

2.540 0.655 299.34

5.080 0.655 299.31

7.620 0.655 299.25

10.160 0.655 299.26

12.700 0.655 299.24

13.653 0.655 299.23

Insulated-Side Tenperatures and Calculated Data:

- -Uncertainties-

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw Wtf Ure

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 299.41 299.60 7212.6 12.63 6678 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 299.36 299.55 7212.3 12.63 6678 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 299.36 299.51 7212.0 12.62 6679 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 299.31 299.46 7211.7 12.62 6680 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 299.31 299.42 7211.4 12.62 6680 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 299.33 299.38 7211.2 12.62 6681 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 299.31 299.33 7210.9 12.62 6682 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 299.29 299.29 7210.6 12.62 6682 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 299.30 299.24 7210.3 12.62 6683 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 299.30 299.20 7210.0 12.61 6684 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 299.29 299.16 7209.7 12.61 6684 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 299.27 299.11 7209.4 12.61 6685 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 299.26 299.07 7209.1 12.61 6685 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 299.40 299.51 7212.0 12.62 6679 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 299.04 299.42 7211.4 12.62 6680 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 299.27 299.33 7210.9 12.62 6682 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 299.33 299.24 7210.3 12.62 6683 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 299.32 299.16 7209.7 12.61 6684 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 299.23 299.51 7212.0 12.62 6679 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 299.18 299.42 7211.4 12.62 6680 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 299.19 299.33 7210.9 12.62 6682 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 299.22 299.24 7210.3 12.62 6683 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 299.17 299.16 7209.7 12.61 6684 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 299.36 299.33 7210.9 12.62 6682 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 299.13 299.33 7210.9 12.62 6682 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

34
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:16:04

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Uf

K X kg/h kPa kPa X X

298.75 298.83 14.54 7224.6 6.57 0.00 0.00557 17.24

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 298.65

2.540 0.655 298.66

5.080 0.655 298.64

7.620 0.655 298.62

10.160 0.655 298.62

12.700 0.655 298.61

13.653 0.655 298.61

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: -Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw wtf Wre

cm cm K X kPa m/s X X X

0.000 -0.965 298.63 298.72 7224.6 18.06 9613 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 298.61 298.73 7224.1 18.06 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 298.59 298.73 7223.5 18.06 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 298.58 298.74 7223.0 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 298.57 298.75 7222.4 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 298.58 298.75 7221.9 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 298.58 298.76 7221.4 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 298.55 298.76 7220.8 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 298.53 298.77 7220.3 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 298.53 298.77 7219.7 18.08 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 298.54 298.78 7219.2 18.08 9611 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 298.53 298.79 7218.6 18.08 9611 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 298.55 298.79 7218.1 18.08 9611 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 298.52 298.73 7223.5 18.06 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 298.41 298.75 7222.4 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 298.51 298.76 7221.4 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 298.48 298.77 7220.3 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 298.48 298.78 7219.2 18.08 9611 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 298.45 298.73 7223.5 18.06 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 298.45 298.75 7222.4 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 298.46 298.76 7221.4 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 298.47 298.77 7220.3 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 298.45 298.78 7219.2 18.08 9611 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 298.45 298.76 7221.4 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 298.41 298.76 7221.3 18.07 9612 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

35
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:20:41

TA T8 M P0

K X kg/h kPa

297.61 297.76 20.12 7244.1

P0-P1 Vf f Wf kPa X X

11.74 -0.02 0.00511 17.16

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 297.63

2.540 0.655 297.61 5.080 0.655 297.60

7.620 0.655 297.59

10.160 0.655 297.58

12.700 0.655 297.60

13.653 0.655 297.58

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw Utf Ure

cm cm X K kPa m/s X X X

0.000 -0.965 297.58 297.55 7244.1 25.12 13487 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 297.58 297.56 7243.2 25.12 13487 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 297.54 297.57 7242.2 25.12 13486 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 297.55 297.58 7241.2 25.13 13486 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 297.54 297.60 7240.2 25.13 13486 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 297.55 297.61 7239.2 25.14 13485 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 297.55 297.62 7238.3 25.14 13485 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 297.55 297.63 7237.3 25.15 13485 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 297.53 297.64 7236.3 25.15 13484 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 297.53 297.65 7235.3 25.15 13484 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 297.52 297.67 7234.4 25.16 13484 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 297.54 297.68 7233.4 25.16 13483 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 297.53 297.69 7232.4 25.17 13483 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 297.53 297.57 7242.2 25.12 13486 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 297.49 297.60 7240.2 25.13 13486 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 297.51 297.62 7238.3 25.14 13485 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 297.52 297.64 7236.3 25.15 13484 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 297.49 297.67 7234.4 25.16 13484 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 297.55 297.57 7242.2 25.12 13486 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 297.54 297.60 7240.2 25.13 13486 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 297.52 297.62 7238.3 25.14 13485 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 297.53 297.64 7236.3 25.15 13484 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 297.55 297.67 7234.3 25.16 13484 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 297.49 297.62 7238.3 25.14 13485 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 297.52 297.62 7238.3 25.14 13485 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

36
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:24:57

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Wf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X

297.14 297.26 25.60 7253.4 18.03 -0.01 0.00476 17.14

Hot -side Temperatures:

X T Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 297.10

2 .540 0.655 297.07

5 .080 0.655 297.10

7 .620 0.655 297.09

10 .160 0.655 297.07

12 .700 0.655 297.09

13 .653 0.655 297.08

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tu Tf P V RE PR Utw Wtf Wre

cm cm K X kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 297.07 297.05 7253.4 32.17 17341 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 297.04 297.05 7251.8 32.17 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 297.04 297.06 7250.4 32.18 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 297.04 297.07 7248.8 32.19 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 297.05 297.08 7247.3 32.19 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 297.02 297.09 7245.8 32.20 17339 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 297.01 297.10 7244.3 32.21 17339 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 297.05 297.11 7242.8 32.22 17339 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 297.03 297.11 7241.3 32.22 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 297.03 297.12 7239.8 32.23 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 297.02 297.13 7238.3 32.24 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 297.03 297.14 7236.8 32.25 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 297.04 297.15 7235.3 32.25 17337 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 297.01 297.06 7250.4 32.18 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 297.01 297.08 7247.3 32.19 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 297.00 297.10 7244.4 32.21 17339 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 296.99 297.12 7241.3 32.22 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 •2.223 296.97 297.13 7238.3 32.24 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 297.01 297.06 7250.3 32.18 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 296.99 297.08 7247.3 32.19 17340 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 297.00 297.10 7244.3 32.21 17339 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 296.98 297.11 7241.3 32.22 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 297.01 297.13 7238.3 32.24 17338 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 296.96 297.10 7244.4 32.21 17339 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 296.97 297.10 7244.3 32.21 17339 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

37
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:29:52

TA TB N P0 P0-P1 Vf f Uf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X

296.23 296.38 29.87 7262.5 24.85 -0.01 0.00479 17.13

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 296.,18

2 .540 0.655 296.,18

5 .080 0.655 296.,17 7 .620 0.655 296.,18 10 .160 0.655 296.,18 12 .700 0.655 296.,18 13 .653 0.655 296.,19

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw utf Wre

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 296.14 296.10 7262.5 37.57 20384 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 296.11 296.11 7260.4 37.58 20383 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 296.12 296.12 7258.4 37.60 20383 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 296.14 296.13 7256.3 37.61 20383 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 296.13 296.14 7254.2 37.62 20382 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 296.10 296.15 7252.1 37.63 20382 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 296.10 296.16 7250.1 37.64 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 296.10 296.17 7248.0 37.65 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 296.09 296.18 7245.9 37.67 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 296.11 296.20 7243.8 37.68 20380 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 296.10 296.21 7241.8 37.69 20380 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 296.10 296.22 7239.7 37.70 20379 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 296.09 296.23 7237.6 37.71 20379 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27 2.527 -2.223 296.07 296.12 7258.4 37.60 20383 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 296.13 296.14 7254.2 37.62 20382 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 296.10 296.16 7250.1 37.64 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 296.06 296.18 7245.9 37.67 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 296.06 296.21 7241.8 37.69 20380 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 296.09 296.12 7258.3 37.60 20383 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 296.08 296.14 7254.2 37.62 20382 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 296.07 296.16 7250.1 37.64 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 296.11 296.18 7245.9 37.67 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 296.07 296.21 7241.7 37.69 20380 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 296.02 296.16 7250.1 37.64 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 296.06 296.16 7250.0 37.64 20381 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

38
Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:34:35

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf f Wf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X X

295.18 295.35 39.85 7268.2 40.65 -0.01 0.00434 17.13

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm X 1.588 0.655 295.,13 2.540 0.655 295..14 5.080 0.655 295..13 7.620 0.655 295.,14 10.160 0.655 295.,13 12.700 0.655 295.,16 13.653 0.655 295.,15

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: -Uncertainties--

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Utw wtf Ure

cm cm K X kPa m/s X X X

0.000 -0.965 295.12 294.94 7268.2 50.27 27463 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 295.07 294.95 7264.8 50.29 27462 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 295.08 294.97 7261.5 50.31 27461 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 295.11 294.98 7258.1 50.34 27461 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 295.09 294.99 7254.7 50.37 27460 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 295.08 295.00 7251.3 50.39 27460 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 295.07 295.02 7247.9 50.41 27459 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 295.09 295.03 7244.5 50.44 27459 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 295.07 295.04 7241.1 50.46 27458 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 295.06 295.05 7237.7 50.49 27458 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 295.07 295.06 7234.4 50.51 27457 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 295.08 295.08 7231.0 50.54 27456 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 295.08 295.09 7227.6 50.56 27456 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 295.04 294.97 7261.5 50.31 27461 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 295.20 294.99 7254.7 50.37 27460 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 295.10 295.02 7247.9 50.41 27459 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 295.05 295.04 7241.1 50.46 27458 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 295.04 295.06 7234.4 50.51 27457 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 295.04 294.97 7261.5 50.31 27461 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 295.07 294.99 7254.7 50.37 27460 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 295.06 295.02 7247.9 50.41 27459 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 295.06 295.04 7241.2 50.46 27458 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 295.07 295.06 7234.3 50.51 27457 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 295.01 295.02 7247.9 50.41 27459 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 295.06 295.02 7247.9 50.42 27459 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:39:03

f UfX

0.00537 17.20

Hot-side Tenperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 294.74

2.540 0.655 294.75

5.080 0.655 294.72

7.620 0.655 294.74

10.160 0.655 294.73

12.700 0.655 294.75

13.653 0.655 294.78

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf

K K kg/h kPa kPa X

294.68 294.81 16.59 7326.4 8.10 -0.01

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: --Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Wtw Wtf Wre

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 294.73 294.64 7326.4 20.15 11111 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 294.71 294.65 7325.8 20.15 11111 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27 2.527 -0.330 294.71 294.66 7325.1 20.15 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 294.73 294.67 7324.4 20.16 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 294.71 294.68 7323.7 20.16 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 294.71 294.69 7323.1 20.16 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 294.71 294.70 7322.4 20.16 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 294.73 294.71 7321.7 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 294.72 294.72 7321.0 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 294.71 294.73 7320.4 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 294.71 294.74 7319.7 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 294.73 294.75 7319.0 20.18 11108 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 294.74 294.76 7318.3 20.18 11108 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27 2.527 -2.223 294.70 294.66 7325.1 20.15 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 294.80 294.68 7323.7 20.16 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 294.72 294.70 7322.4 20.16 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 294.72 294.72 7321.0 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 294.68 294.74 7319.7 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 294.76 294.66 7325.1 20.15 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 294.74 294.68 7323.7 20.16 11110 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 294.74 294.70 7322.4 20.16 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 294.73 294.72 7321.0 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 294.75 294.74 7319.7 20.17 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 294.71 294.70 7322.4 20.16 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 294.76 294.70 7322.4 20.16 11109 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

40
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 2 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 09:42:20

P0-P1 Vf f Wf

kPa X X

2.03 -0.01 0.00641 18.40

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 294.67

2.540 0.655 294.68

5.080 0.655 294.68

7.620 0.655 294.70

10.160 0.655 294.68

12.700 0.655 294.67

13.653 0.655 294.69

TA TB

< K 294.62 294.74

H P0

kg/h kPa 7.78 7343.6

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf P V RE PR Wtw wtf Ure

cm cm K K kPa m/s K K X

0.000 -0.965 294.65 294.61 7343.6 9.22 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

1.270 -0.318 294.66 294.62 7343.4 9.22 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -0.330 294.66 294.63 7343.3 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

3.810 -0.318 294.69 294.64 7343.1 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -0.318 294.66 294.65 7342.9 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

6.363 -0.318 294.67 294.66 7342.8 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 -0.330 294.66 294.67 7342.6 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

8.903 -0.305 294.66 294.68 7342.4 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.160 -0.318 294.67 294.69 7342.2 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

11.430 -0.318 294.64 294.70 7342.1 9.23 5097 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -0.305 294.66 294.71 7341.9 9.23 5097 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

13.970 -0.318 294.67 294.72 7341.7 9.23 5097 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

15.240 -0.953 294.67 294.73 7341.6 9.23 5097 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.527 -2.223 294.66 294.63 7343.3 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 -2.235 294.71 294.65 7342.9 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -2.235 294.67 294.67 7342.6 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.173 -2.223 294.67 294.69 7342.2 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.700 -2.223 294.66 294.71 7341.9 9.23 5097 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

2.540 2.197 294.68 294.63 7343.3 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

5.080 2.223 294.69 294.65 7342.9 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.620 2.223 294.70 294.67 7342.6 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

10.147 2.223 294.68 294.69 7342.3 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

12.713 2.223 294.70 294.71 7341.9 9.23 5097 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.607 -3.493 294.64 294.67 7342.6 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

7.633 3.493 294.70 294.67 7342.6 9.23 5098 0.661 1.10 0.50 11.27

41
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 3 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 15:01:28

TA T8

K K 299.70 699.35

H P0 P0-P1 Vf Ot kg/h kPa kPa X W 4.06 3443.6 3.92 26.13 2342.0WqtX

1.04

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 484.71 2.540 0.655 519.83

5.080 0.655 599.49

7.620 0.655 669.22

10.160 0.655 727.07

12.700 0.655 769.69

13.653 0.655 778.98

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw. P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Ure Uh Unu cm cm K X K kPa m/s U/(m* • K) < < X % % 0.000 -0.965 387.89 299.70 299.70 3443.6 10.06 2597 0.665 1552 9.44 10.88 1.10 2.16 11.27 11.60 12.60 1.270 -0.318 455.51 333.01 333.02 3443.3 11.15 2418 0.665 1531 8.67 10.30 1.10 3.47 11.27 5.00 7.02 2.527 -0.330 505.10 366.25 366.27 3443.0 12.25 2266 0.665 1223 6.50 7.76 1.10 4.59 11.27 5.54 7.41 3.810 -0.318 547.83 397.94 397.95 3442.7 13.30 2141 0.666 1109 5.56 6.63 1.10 6.12 11.27 6.06 7.81 5.080 -0.318 585.29 429.63 429.65 3442.3 14.34 2031 0.666 1097 5.22 6.19 1.25 7.80 11.27 6.67 8.29 6.363 -0.318 621.45 462.33 462.35 3442.0 15.42 1931 0.666 1085 4.91 5.78 1.39 9.57 11.27 7.43 8.91 7.620 -0.330 654.47 494.45 494.48 3441.7 16.48 1843 0.666 1077 4.65 5.43 1.52 11.32 11.27 8.33 9,67

8.903 -0.305 685.24 527.18 527.21 3441.4 17.56 1763 0.666 1088 4.50 5.20 1.65 12.71 11.27 9.18 10.41 10.160 -0.318 713.25 559.03 559.05 3441.0 18.62 1693 0.666 1098 4.36 4.99 1.76 14.15 11.27 10.22 11.35 11.430 -0.318 736.90 590.41 590.44 3440.7 19.65 1630 0.666 1122 4.29 4.85 1.86 15.64 11.27 11.65 12.64 12.700 -0.305 757.29 621.38 621.42 3440.4 20.68 1573 0.666 1234 4.55 5.07 1.94 17.18 11.27 13.47 14.35 13.970 -0.318 767.11 654.51 654.55 3440.0 21.77 1517 0.666 1640 5.83 6.36 1.98 18.91 11.27 17.37 18.05 15.240 -0.953 754.41 686.86 686.90 3439.7 22.84 1466 0.666 1897 6.52 6.87 1.92 20.48 11.27 33.00 33.37 2.527 -2.223 512.47 368.16 368.17 3443.0 11.97 2195 0.666 1177 6.23 7.47 1.10 4.59 11.27 5.46 7.35 5.080 -2.235 589.97 433.35 433.37 3442.3 14.06 1963 0.666 1090 5.16 6.11 1.27 7.80 11.27 6.65 8.27

7.607 -2.235 664.29 499.68 499.70 3441.7 16.19 1779 0.666 1047 4.49 5.25 1.57 11.30 11.27 8.15 9.52

10.173 -2.223 727.11 566.78 566.80 3441.0 18.35 1630 0.666 1056 4.15 4.76 1.82 14.17 11.27 9.92 11.07

12.700 -2.223 770.75 630.58 630.62 3440.4 20.40 1513 0.666 1196 4.36 4.87 1.99 17.18 11.27 13.11 14.01 2.540 2.197 513.52 369.02 369.03 3443.0 11.91 2175 0.666 1175 6.20 7.44 1.10 4.60 11.27 5.47 7.36 5.080 2.223 595.89 434.37 434.39 3442.3 13.99 1945 0.666 1057 4.99 5.94 1.29 7.80 11.27 6.53 8.18 7.620 2.223 667.40 501.55 501.58 3441.7 16.13 1761 0.666 1039 4.45 5.21 1.58 11.32 11.27 8.12 9.49

10.147 2.223 725.17 568.14 568.17 3441.0 18.25 1615 0.666 1079 4.23 4.84 1.81 14.14 11.27 10.07 11.21 12.713 2.223 766.30 633.45 633.48 3440.4 20.33 1497 0.666 1263 4.59 5.10 1.97 17.20 11.27 13.77 14.62 7.607 -3.493 672.38 504.12 504.14 3441.7 15.98 1730 0.666 1024 4.37 5.12 1.60 11.30 11.27 8.02 9.41 7.633 3.493 683.86 510.78 510.80 3441.7 15.73 1666 0.666 996 4.21 4.94 1.64 11.34 11.27 7.88 9.29

42
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 3 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 15:10:52

TA T8 M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

298.61 513.76 8.41 3437.8 8.59 26.13 2608.0 1.07

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tu cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 404.89

2 .540 0.655 420.92

5 .080 0.655 458.73

7 .620 0.655 497.67

10 .160 0.655 534.74

12 .700 0.655 551.69

13 .653 0.655 557.13

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR cm - cm K K K kPa m/s 0.000 -0.965 344.89 298.57 298.61 3437.8 21.26 5515 0.665

1.270 -0.318 384.19 316.08 316.12 3437.1 22.49 5307 0.665 2.527 -0.330 408.25 333.56 333.61 3436.4 23.72 5117 0.665

3.810 -0.318 428.63 350.21 350.27 3435.7 24.89 4950 0.665 5.080 -0.318 446.82 366.88 366.93 3434.9 26.06 4795 0.666

6.363 -0.318 465.42 384.06 384.12 3434.2 27.26 4648 0.666

7.620 -0.330 484.05 400.95 401.02 3433.5 28.45 4513 0.666

8.903 -0.305 503.79 418.15 418.23 3432.8 29.67 4384 0.666

10.160 -0.318 519.72 434.89 434.97 3432.1 30.84 4267 0.666

11.430 -0.318 532.90 451.39 451.47 3431.4 32.01 4159 0.666

12.700 -0.305 542.24 467.67 467.76 3430.6 33.15 4059 0.666

13.970 -0.318 547.46 485.08 485.18 3429.9 34.38 3958 0.666

15.240 -0.953 536.48 502.08 502.19 3429.2 35.58 3864 0.666

2.527 -2.223 414.71 335.35 335.39 3436.4 22.68 4851 0.665

5.080 -2.235 459.30 370.36 370.41 3434.9 25.03 4534 0.666

7.607 -2.235 493.32 405.99 406.05 3433.5 27.41 4257 0.666

10.173 -2.223 527.78 442.02 442.10 3432.1 29.82 4015 0.666

12.700 -2.223 551.80 476.29 476.38 3430.6 32.12 3814 0.666

2.540 2.197 414.37 336.04 336.08 3436.4 22.42 4778 0.665

5.080 2.223 454.92 371.36 371.41 3434.9 24.75 4463 0.666

7.620 2.223 496.21 407.67 407.73 3433.5 27.15 4187 0.666

10.147 2.223 530.94 443.66 443.73 3432.1 29.52 3950 0.666

12.713 2.223 550.08 478.95 479.03 3430.6 31.86 3747 0.666

7.607 -3.493 501.51 410.50 410.56 3433.5 26.59 4055 0.666

7.633 3.493 510.99 415.94 415.99 3433.5 25.78 3845 0.666

Uncertaint ies

h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Uh Wnu

W/(m* K) K K X X X 3295 20.08 21.74 1.10 1.24 11.27 11.83 12.81 3070 18.01 20.05 1.10 1.91 11.27 5.17 7.14 2535 14.34 16.03 1.10 2.49 11.27 5.71 7.54 2363 12.93 14.45 1.10 3.31 11.27 6.28 7.98 2380 12.62 14.07 1.10 4.21 11.27 6.96 8.53 2365 12.16 13.52 1.10 5.16 11.27 7.78 9.20 2312 11.54 12.80 1.10 6.10 11.27 8.61 9.92 2239 10.86 12.03 1.10 6.85 11.27 9.18 10.41 2226 10.51 11.59 1.10 7.63 11.27 10.08 11.22 2248 10.34 11.33 1.10 8.43 11.27 11.36 12.38 2507 11.26 12.21 1.10 9.26 11.27 13.28 14.16 3302 14.46 15.45 1.10 10.19 11.27 16.95 17.65 4160 17.79 18.45 1.10 11.03 11.27 34.73 35.08 2385 13.45 15.12 1.10 2.49 11.27 5.57 7.43 2139 11.27 12.69 1.10 4.21 11.27 6.54 8.18 2199 10.89 12.12 1.10 6.09 11.27 8.29 9.64

2201 10.28 11.33 1.10 7.63 11.27 10.00 11.15 2475 10.98 11.91 1.12 9.26 11.27 13.13 14.03 2415 13.59 15.25 1.10 2.50 11.27 5.61 7.46 2277 11.98 13.39 1.10 4.21 11.27 6.78 8.38 2169 10.71 11.93 1.10 6.10 11.27 8.22 9.58

2164 10.08 11.13 1.10 7.62 11.27 9.84 11.01 2630 11.62 12.54 1.11 9.27 11.27 13.86 14.71 2111 10.37 11.58 1.10 6.09 11.27 8.05 9.43

2021 9.84 11.02 1.10 6.11 11.27 7.82 9.24

43
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 3 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 15:17:37

TA TB n P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X W X

297.87 419.79 14.94 3441.3 20.86 26.14 2625.0 1.17

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K

i .588 0.655 364..10

2 .540 0.655 372..15

5 .080 0.655 392..15 7 .620 0.655 413..26

10 .160 0.655 429..28

12 .700 0.655 443.,74 13 .653 0.655 450..48

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw utf Wre Uh Wnu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K K X X X 0.000 -0.965 322.86 297.73 297.86 3441.3 38.31 9995 0.665 6140 37.48 39.19 1.10 0.81 11.27 12.54 13.47 1.270 -0.318 347.35 307.47 307.60 3439.5 39.56 9782 0.665 5291 31.62 33.81 1.10 1.15 11.27 5.70 7.53 2.527 -0.330 360.31 317.19 317.33 3437.8 40.81 9578 0.665 4431 25.93 27.81 1.10 1.46 11.27 6.12 7.86 3.810 -0.318 371.12 326.45 326.60 3436.1 42.01 9393 0.665 4186 24.03 25.79 1.10 1.90 11.27 6.65 8.27

5.080 -0.318 380.62 335.71 335.87 3434.3 43.20 9216 0.665 4277 24.09 25.81 1.10 2.41 11.27 7.35 8.84 6.363 -0.318 390.57 345.27 345.43 3432.6 44.44 9042 0.665 4288 23.70 25.36 1.10 2.94 11.27 8.18 9.55

7.620 -0.330 400.57 354.66 354.83 3430.8 45.65 8878 0.665 4225 22.93 24.52 1.10 3.47 11.27 9.06 10.31 8.903 -0.305 410.96 364.22 364.41 3429.1 46.88 8719 0.666 4142 22.07 23.59 1.10 3.89 11.27 9.71 10.88 10.160 -0.318 417.83 373.53 373.72 3427.4 48.09 8570 0.666 4305 22.56 23.99 1.10 4.33 11.27 11.04 12.09

11.430 -0.318 425.34 382.70 382.90 3425.6 49.28 8429 0.666 4342 22.37 23.71 1.10 4.79 11.27 12.42 13.36 12.700 -0.305 433.26 391.75 391.97 3423.9 50.45 8295 0.666 4551 23.08 24.39 1.10 5.26 11.27 13.75 14.60 13.970 -0.318 440.02 401.43 401.66 3422.1 51.71 8157 0.666 5396 26.91 28.30 1.10 5.78 11.27 15.88 16.63 15.240 -0.953 433.95 410.89 411.12 3420.4 52.94 8028 0.666 6291 30.88 31.82 1.10 6.26 11.27 30.62 31.01 2.527 -2.223 364.38 318.65 318.77 3437.8 38.18 8891 0.665 4175 24.36 26.22 1.10 1.46 11.27 5.96 7.73 5.080 -2.235 392.60 338.55 338.68 3434.3 40.56 8533 0.665 3549 19.88 21.57 1.10 2.41 11.27 6.56 8.20 7.607 -2.235 408.07 358.79 358.95 3430.9 42.99 8202 0.665 3933 21.18 22.73 1.10 3.46 11.27 8.57 9.88

10.173 -2.223 425.35 379.27 379.44 3427.3 45.46 7897 0.666 4135 21.44 22.84 1.10 4.34 11.27 10.69 11.77

12.700 -2.223 441.04 398.74 398.93 3423.9 47.80 7631 0.666 4463 22.36 23.63 1.10 5.26 11.27 13.51 14.38 2.540 2.197 364.73 318.75 318.87 3437.8 38.19 8889 0.665 4149 24.20 26.06 1.10 1.46 11.27 5.95 7.72 5.080 2.223 386.84 338.54 338.68 3434.3 40.56 8533 0.665 3974 22.26 23.95 1.10 2.41 11.27 7.01 8.57

7.620 2.223 408.15 358.89 359.05 3430.8 43.01 8201 0.665 3934 21.18 22.73 1.10 3.47 11.27 8.58 9.89

10.147 2.223 424.62 379.06 379.23 3427.4 45.43 7900 0.666 4184 21.70 23.10 1.10 4.33 11.27 10.77 11.84 12.713 2.223 440.54 398.83 399.02 3423.9 47.82 7630 0.666 4530 22.69 23.97 1.10 5.26 11.27 13.70 14.55 7.607 -3.493 417.61 364.10 364.23 3430.9 40.15 7473 0.665 3620 19.30 20.81 1.10 3.46 11.27 8.06 9.45 7.633 3.493 419.11 365.06 365.19 3430.8 39.81 7379 0.666 3583 19.07 20.57 1.10 3.47 11.27 8.02 9.41

44
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 3 Date: 6 August 1990

T ime: 15:22:37

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

297.80 387.89 20.00 3447.3 33.13 26.15 2597.0 1.29

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 351.35

2.540 0.655 356.94

5.080 0.655 371.58

7.620 0.655 387.22

10.160 0.655 399.16

12.700 0.655 410.28

13.653 0.655 415.78

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE cm cm K K K kPa m/s

0.000 -0.965 316.30 297.55 297.77 3447.3 51.66 13514

1.270 -0.318 335.98 304.67 304.91 3444.5 52.92 13301 2.527 -0.330 345.50 311.78 312.03 3441.8 54.17 13096 3.810 -0.318 353.49 318.55 318.81 3439.0 55.37 12907

5.080 -0.318 360.42 325.33 325.60 3436.2 56.58 12724 6.363 -0.318 367.73 332.32 332.60 3433.4 57.82 12542 7.620 -0.330 375.12 339.18 339.48 3430.7 59.04 12369

8.903 -0.305 382.95 346.18 346.49 3427.9 60.29 12198

10.160 -0.318 387.99 352.99 353.31 3425.2 61.50 12037

11.430 -0.318 393.77 359.70 360.03 3422.4 62.71 11884

12.700 -0.305 399.84 366.32 366.66 3419.7 63.89 11737

13.970 -0.318 405.37 373.39 373.75 3416.9 65.16 11585 15.240 -0.953 400.15 380.31 380.68 3414.1 66.41 11440 2.527 -2.223 348.65 313.06 313.27 3441.8 50.03 12012 5.080 -2.235 371.72 327.80 328.03 3436.2 52.43 11643 7.607 -2.235 381.79 342.79 343.05 3430.7 54.87 11295

10.173 -2.223 394.29 357.95 358.23 3425.2 57.35 10967

12.700 -2.223 406.38 372.37 372.67 3419.7 59.73 10675 2.540 2.197 348.98 312.95 313.17 3441.7 50.61 12159

5.080 2.223 365.33 327.43 327.67 3436.2 53.00 11792

7.620 2.223 380.86 342.33 342.58 3430.7 55.46 11441 10.147 2.223 393.73 357.08 357.36 3425.2 57.90 11117

12.713 2.223 405.93 371.55 371.86 3419.6 60.31 10820 7.607 -3.493 391.66 348.16 348.37 3430.7 49.86 10002

7.633 3.493 390.45 347.60 347.81 3430.7 50.51 10158

Uncertainties

PR h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Ure Uh Wnu

W/(m* K) K K X X y. 0.665 8194 50.04 51.75 1.10 0.69 11.27 13.29 14.17 0.665 6695 40.26 42.49 1.10 0.90 11.27 6.14 7.87

0.665 5628 33.32 35.26 1.10 1.11 11.27 6.45 8.11 0.665 5317 31.03 32.86 1.10 1.43 11.27 6.87 8.45 0.665 5436 31.28 33.09 1.10 1.80 11.27 7.47 8.95 0.665 5450 30.91 32.68 1.10 2.18 11.27 8.21 9.57

0.665 5363 30.00 31.71 1.10 2.58 11.27 8.98 10.24 0.665 5230 28.85 30.50 1.10 2.89 11.27 9.53 10.72 0.665 5415 29.48 31.05 1.10 3.21 11.27 10.74 11.81 0.665 5400 29.03 30.51 1.10 3.55 11.27 11.90 12.88 0.666 5602 29.74 31.21 1.10 3.89 11.27 13.00 13.90 0.666 6478 33.95 35.52 1.10 4.28 11.27 14.59 15.40 0.666 7295 37.76 38.83 1.10 4.64 11.27 27.59 28.03 0.665 5325 31.44 33.36 1.10 1.11 11.27 6.27 7.97 0.665 4334 24.81 26.59 1.10 1.80 11.27 6.52 8.17

0.665 4933 27.40 29.07 1.10 2.57 11.27 8.43 9.76 0.665 5207 28.08 29.61 1.10 3.21 11.27 10.41 11.51 0.666 5515 28.96 30.39 1.10 3.89 11.27 12.82 13.73 0.665 5256 31.04 32.96 1.10 1.12 11.27 6.24 7.94 0.665 5027 28.80 30.59 1.10 1.80 11.27 7.11 8.65 0.665 4993 27.76 29.44 1.10 2.58 11.27 8.51 9.83 0.665 5167 27.91 29.45 1.10 3.21 11.27 10.32 11.43 0.666 5460 28.71 30.14 1.10 3.90 11.27 12.71 13.63 0.665 4415 24.26 25.88 1.10 2.57 11.27 7.79 9.21 0.665 4482 24.66 26.29 1.10 2.58 11.27 7.88 9.29

45
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 3 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 15:27:56

TA TB

K < 297.58 358.53

M PO kg/h kPa 29.39 3449.5P0-P1 Vf kPa X

62.41 26.17

Qt Uqt W X

2580.0 1.55

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tu

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 338.81 2.540 0.655 342.26

5.080 0.655 352.06

7.620 0.655 362.66

10.160 0.655 370.67

12.700 0.655 378.30

13.653 0.655 382.52

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Uh Wnu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m« K) K K X X % 0.000 -0.965 310.12 297.01 297.51 3449.5 76.77 20155 0.665 11959 73.12 74.88 1.10 0.59 11.27 15.05 15.83 1.270 -0.318 324.85 301.75 302.27 3444.3 78.09 19943 0.665 9154 55.40 57.69 1.10 0.70 11.27 7.12 8.66 2.527 -0.330 331.26 306.49 307.02 3439.2 79.41 19735 0.665 7721 46.24 48.26 1.10 0.81 11.27 7.24 8.75 3.810 -0.318 336.69 310.99 311.54 3433.9 80.68 19541 0.665 7285 43.21 45.14 1.10 1.01 11.27 7.49 8.96

5.080 -0.318 341.27 315.51 316.07 3428.7 81.95 19352 0.665 7464 43.84 45.77 1.10 1.25 11.27 7.97 9.36 6.363 -0.318 346.15 320.16 320.74 3423.5 83.27 19161 0.665 7486 43.54 45.45 1.10 1.50 11.27 8.56 9.87

7.620 -0.330 351.14 324.73 325.33 3418.3 84.56 18978 0.665 7356 42.38 44.24 1.10 1.76 11.27 9.18 10.42 8.903 -0.305 356.68 329.38 330.00 3413.1 85.88 18796 0.665 7102 40.52 42.33 1.10 1.97 11.27 9.55 10.74 10.160 -0.318 359.81 333.91 334.55 3407.9 87.18 18623 0.665 7390 41.78 43.53 1.10 2.19 11.27 10.69 11.77

11.430 -0.318 363.83 338.38 339.04 3402.7 88.46 18456 0.665 7303 40.92 42.59 1.10 2.42 11.27 11.66 12.65 12.700 -0.305 367.92 342.78 343.46 3397.5 89.72 18294 0.665 7550 41.94 43.60 1.10 2.65 11.27 12.60 13.52 13.970 -0.318 372.16 347.49 348.19 3392.3 91.08 18125 0.665 8490 46.72 48.52 1.10 2.92 11.27 13.68 14.54 15.240 -0.953 367.85 352.09 352.81 3387.1 92.40 17963 0.665 9386 51.20 52.45 1.10 3.16 11.27 25.64 26.11 2.527 -2.223 333.40 307.59 308.02 3439.2 72.14 17822 0.665 7376 44.07 46.07 1.10 0.81 11.27 7.04 8.59

5.080 -2.235 352.09 317.56 318.03 3428.7 74.66 17442 0.665 5521 32.29 34.18 1.10 1.25 11.27 6.62 8.25 7.607 -2.235 356.70 327.70 328.20 3418.4 77.24 17075 0.665 6663 38.15 39.97 1.10 1.76 11.27 8.52 9.84

10.173 -2.223 364.54 337.96 338.49 3407.9 79.86 16721 0.665 7162 40.16 41.87 1.10 2.19 11.27 10.43 11.53 12.700 -2.223 372.83 347.71 348.28 3397.5 82.38 16401 0.665 7523 41.38 43.00 1.10 2.65 11.27 12.56 13.49 2.540 2.197 333.80 307.36 307.82 3439.1 73.86 18270 0.665 7198 43.03 45.03 1.10 0.82 11.27 6.95 8.51 5.080 2.223 344.86 317.04 317.53 3428.7 76.38 17891 0.665 6883 40.30 42.21 1.10 1.25 11.27 7.55 9.01 7.620 2.223 355.33 326.99 327.51 3418.3 78.97 17521 0.665 6827 39.15 40.98 1.10 1.76 11.27 8.68 9.98

10.147 2.223 364.18 336.85 337.41 3408.0 81.56 17171 0.665 6972 39.19 40.91 1.10 2.19 11.27 10.19 11.32 12.713 2.223 372.67 346.52 347.11 3397.5 84.12 16844 0.665 7233 39.88 41.51 1.10 2.65 11.27 12.14 13.10 7.607 -3.493 366.44 332.88 333.27 3418.4 67.36 14507 0.665 5725 32.43 34.19 1.10 1.76 11.27 7.66 9.11 7.633 3.493 363.32 331.30 331.71 3418.3 70.32 15265 0.665 6008 34.15 35.93 1.10 1.76 11.27 7.93 9.33

46
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 3 Date: 6 August 1990

Time: 15:32:39

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

297.08 341.84 39.79 3447.6 105.75 26.17 2564.0 1.88

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 331.08

2.540 0.655 333.33

5.080 0.655 340.55

7.620 0.655 348.32

10.160 0.655 354.08

12.700 0.655 359.61

13.653 0.655 363.11

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Wre Uh Unu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* X) K K X X X

0.000 -0.965 306.32 296.02 296.95 3447.6 104.87 27668 0.665 15994 98.00 99.86 1.10 0.55 11.27 17.38 18.06

1.270 -0.318 317.98 299.45 300.40 3438.8 106.33 27459 0.665 11682 71.06 73.45 1.10 0.60 11.27 8.33 9.68 2.527 -0.330 322.67 302.87 303.85 3430.1 107.79 27250 0.665 9879 59.65 61.76 1.10 0.66 11.27 8.26 9.61 3.810 -0.318 326.72 306.13 307.13 3421.1 109.21 27054 0.665 9294 55.71 57.74 1.10 0.79 11.27 8.35 9.69 5.080 -0.318 330.01 309.39 310.42 3412.3 110.63 26862 0.665 9539 56.78 58.83 1.10 0.95 11.27 8.72 10.01 6.363 -0.318 333.54 312.75 313.81 3403.4 112.10 26666 0.665 9576 56.58 58.62 1.10 1.13 11.27 9.19 10.43 7.620 -0.330 337.19 316.05 317.14 3394.7 113.55 26478 0.665 9411 55.22 57.22 1.10 1.31 11.27 9.69 10.87 8.903 -0.305 341.47 319.42 320.53 3385.8 115.04 26289 0.665 8990 52.37 54.33 1.10 1.47 11.27 9.87 11.03 10.160 -0.318 343.51 322.69 323.83 3377.1 116.50 26108 0.665 9423 54.53 56.44 1.10 1.63 11.27 11.00 12.05 11.430 -0.318 346.48 325.91 327.08 3368.3 117.94 25933 0.665 9276 53.32 55.15 1.10 1.79 11.27 11.83 12.81 12.700 -0.305 349.47 329.09 330.29 3359.5 119.39 25763 0.665 9568 54.64 56.48 1.10 1.97 11.27 12.65 13.58 13.970 -0.318 352.90 332.50 333.73 3350.7 120.91 25584 0.665 10543 59.79 61.78 1.10 2.16 11.27 13.39 14.26 15.240 -0.953 349.26 335.82 337.08 3341.8 122.42 25412 0.665 11513 64.85 66.26 1.10 2.34 11.27 24.80 25.28 2.527 -2.223 324.21 303.92 304.70 3430.1 96.56 24271 0.665 9535 57.44 59.52 1.10 0.66 11.27 8.06 9.45 5.080 -2.235 340.44 311.23 312.06 3412.3 99.35 23884 0.665 6587 39.05 41.02 1.10 0.95 11.27 6.88 8.46 7.607 -2.235 341.97 318.67 319.55 3394.8 102.20 23506 0.665 8416 49.11 51.05 1.10 1.31 11.27 8.90 10.17

10.173 -2.223 347.11 326.20 327.13 3377.0 105.11 23138 0.665 9277 53.29 55.14 1.10 1.63 11.27 10.87 11.93 12.700 -2.223 353.21 333.35 334.33 3359.5 107.94 22800 0.665 9721 55.03 56.81 1.10 1.97 11.27 12.83 13.74 2.540 2.197 324.60 303.61 304.45 3430.0 100.06 25192 0.665 9225 55.60 57.68 1.10 0.66 11.27 7.89 9.30 5.080 2.223 332.73 310.62 311.51 3412.3 102.85 24807 0.665 8807 52.28 54.29 1.10 0.95 11.27 8.24 9.60 7.620 2.223 340.39 317.83 318.77 3394.7 105.73 24426 0.665 8727 51.01 52.97 1.10 1.31 11.27 9.15 10.38 10.147 2.223 346.89 324.97 325.96 3377.2 108.62 24062 0.665 8864 51.05 52.92 1.10 1.62 11.27 10.45 11.55 12.713 2.223 353.14 331.97 333.01 3359.4 111.50 23717 0.665 9126 51.81 53.60 1.10 1.97 11.27 12.15 13.11 7.607 -3.493 351.36 323.69 324.31 3394.8 85.84 19237 0.665 6973 40.26 42.12 1.10 1.31 11.27 7.80 9.22 7.633 3.493 347.25 321.56 322.28 3394.6 92.40 20936 0.665 7556 43.82 45.71 1.10 1.32 11.27 8.25 9.60

47
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 4 Date: 20 July 1990

Time: 15:04:08

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

295.67 634.88 10.16 3595.6 14.28 49.93 4970.0 1.04

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 477.48

2.540 0.655 504.02

5.080 0.655 564.52

7.620 0.655 629.08

10.160 0.655 693.42

12.700 0.655 726.55

13.653 0.655 732.35

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Ure Uh Unu cm cm K K K kPa m/s U/(m* 1C) K K X X X

0.000 -0.965 370.84 295.61 295.66 3595.6 24.60 6779 0.665 3865 23.69 26.84 1.10 1.86 11.27 11.63 12.63 1.270 -0.318 438.77 322.93 322.99 3594.4 26.84 6387 0.665 3439 19.87 23.52 1.10 2.96 11.27 4.86 6.92 2.527 -0.330 479.63 350.19 350.26 3593.2 29.08 6045 0.665 2787 15.25 18.13 1.10 3.90 11.27 5.38 7.29

3.810 -0.318 511.87 376.17 376.25 3592.0 31.21 5757 0.665 2602 13.56 16.06 1.10 5.20 11.27 5.91 7.69 5.080 -0.318 540.81 402.15 402.25 3590.9 33.35 5500 0.666 2615 13.02 15.32 1.10 6.63 11.27 6.50 8.15 6.363 -0.318 570.66 428.96 429.07 3589.6 35.55 5261 0.666 2587 12.33 14.43 1.19 8.13 11.27 7.21 8.73

7.620 -0.330 601.10 455.30 455.42 3588.5 37.72 5050 0.666 2511 11.48 13.38 1.31 9.61 11.27 7.92 9.32 8.903 -0.305 633.89 482.14 482.27 3587.3 39.93 4854 0.666 2407 10.58 12.30 1.44 10.79 11.27 8.37 9.70

10.160 -0.318 662.23 508.24 508.39 3586.1 42.08 4680 0.666 2337 9.90 11.45 1.56 12.02 11.27 9.00 10.26

11.430 -0.318 686.38 533.97 534.13 3584.9 44.20 4522 0.666 2291 9.38 10.77 1.65 13.28 11.27 9.86 11.02 12.700 -0.305 704.59 559.36 559.54 3583.7 46.30 4379 0.666 2453 9.73 11.05 1.73 14.59 11.27 11.05 12.10 13.970 -0.318 712.79 586.51 586.71 3582.5 48.54 4237 0.666 3108 11.93 13.28 1.76 16.05 11.27 13.44 14.31 15.240 -0.953 689.08 613.03 613.25 3581.3 50.73 4108 0.666 3585 13.34 14.23 1.66 17.38 11.27 26.29 26.74 2.527 -2.223 493.96 354.07 354.13 3593.2 27.45 5603 0.665 2578 14.00 16.81 1.10 3.90 11.27 5.25 7.20 5.080 -2.235 560.70 409.72 409.80 3590.9 31.72 5071 0.666 2401 11.80 14.02 1.15 6.63 11.27 6.21 7.92 7.607 -2.235 622.45 466.34 466.45 3588.5 36.07 4638 0.666 2345 10.55 12.37 1.40 9.60 11.27 7.55 9.01 10.173 -2.223 680.92 523.61 523.75 3586.1 40.47 4281 0.666 2287 9.49 10.97 1.63 12.03 11.27 8.87 10.14 12.700 -2.223 726.45 578.07 578.24 3583.7 44.67 3996 0.666 2400 9.30 10.55 1.81 14.59 11.27 10.86 11.92 2.540 2.197 488.17 354.01 354.08 3593.2 27.61 5636 0.665 2687 14.59 17.41 1.10 3.91 11.27 5.33 7.25 5.080 2.223 551.94 409.06 409.15 3590.9 31.85 5106 0.666 2537 12.49 14.73 1.12 6.63 11.27 6.39 8.07

7.620 2.223 620.86 465.65 465.76 3588.5 36.22 4670 0.666 2358 10.62 12.44 1.39 9.61 11.27 7.59 9.04 10.147 2.223 683.42 521.73 521.87 3586.1 40.56 4316 0.666 2226 9.26 10.74 1.64 12.00 11.27 8.67 9.97

12.713 2.223 720.26 576.73 576.90 3583.7 44.82 4026 0.666 2483 9.64 10.89 1.79 14.60 11.27 11.17 12.21 7.607 -3.493 645.02 478.14 478.24 3588.5 34.58 4265 0.666 2193 9.70 11.44 1.49 9.60 11.27 7.23 8.74

7.633 3.493 648.99 480.53 480.63 3588.5 34.42 4209 0.666 2172 9.57 11.29 1.50 9.62 11.27 7.20 8.72

48
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 4 Date: 20 July 1990

Time: 15:11:13

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa k°a X U X

295.25 533.98 14.90 3591.4 24.47 49.94 5128.0 1.06

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 428.33

2.540 0.655 444.66

5.080 0.655 484.10

7.620 0.655 526.70

10.160 0.655 558.49

12.700 0.655 586.03

13.653 0.655 600.64

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Wh Unu

cm cm K 1C K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K 1C X X % 0.000 -0.965 345.55 295.13 295.24 3591.4 36.22 9995 0.665 5960 36.57 39.88 1.10 1.35 11.27 11.79 12.78

1.270 -0.318 394.50 314.26 314.38 3589.4 38.55 9583 0.665 5127 30.18 34.20 1.10 2.11 11.27 5.00 7.02 2.527 -0.330 420.84 333.35 333.49 3587.3 40.87 9207 0.665 4259 24.09 27.38 1.10 2.76 11.27 5.55 7.42 3.810 -0.318 441.74 351.54 351.69 3585.3 43.09 8881 0.665 4043 22.07 25.02 1.10 3.67 11.27 6.14 7.87

5.080 -0.318 460.55 369.73 369.90 3583.3 45.31 8580 0.665 4124 21.75 24.54 1.10 4.67 11.27 6.84 8.42 6.363 -0.318 480.14 388.50 388.69 3581.2 47.60 8295 0.665 4134 21.08 23.68 1.10 5.72 11.27 7.68 9.12

7.620 -0.330 500.16 406.94 407.15 3579.2 49.86 8035 0.666 4058 20.04 22.45 1.10 6.77 11.27 8.53 9.85 8.903 -0.305 519.96 425.73 425.96 3577.1 52.16 7790 0.666 4006 19.19 21.42 1.10 7.60 11.27 9.23 10.46

10.160 -0.318 534.08 444.01 444.26 3575.1 54.40 7568 0.666 4129 19.21 21.26 1.10 8.46 11.27 10.45 11.55 11.430 -0.318 547.98 462.02 462.29 3573.1 56.61 7363 0.666 4200 19.01 20.88 1.10 9.35 11.27 11.86 12.84

12.700 -0.305 563.60 479.80 480.09 3571.0 58.79 7174 0.666 4396 19.39 21.19 1.16 10.27 11.27 13.15 14.04

13.970 -0.318 577.54 498.81 499.12 3569.0 61.13 6983 0.666 5157 22.14 24.00 1.22 11.30 11.27 15.05 15.84

15.240 -0.953 565.42 517.38 517.71 3566.9 63.42 6809 0.666 5879 24.61 25.84 1.17 12.24 11.27 28.72 29.14 2.527 -2.223 430.65 335.93 336.06 3587.3 38.59 8583 0.665 3933 22.13 25.37 1.10 2.76 11.27 5.39 7.30 5.080 -2.235 477.31 374.77 374.92 3583.3 43.03 7967 0.665 3651 19.08 21.79 1.10 4.67 11.27 6.38 8.06 7.607 -2.235 513.74 414.28 414.47 3579.2 47.55 7438 Q.666 3802 18.55 20.88 1.10 6.76 11.27 8.12 9.50

10.173 -2.223 550.71 454.24 454.47 3575.1 52.14 6981 0.666 3853 17.65 19.62 1.11 8.47 11.27 9.89 11.04

12.700 -2.223 580.20 492.24 492.51 3571.0 56.51 6604 0.666 4186 18.14 19.86 1.23 10.27 11.27 12.60 13.53 2.540 2.197 429.06 336.56 336.68 3587.3 38.26 8484 0.665 4024 22.62 25.85 1.10 2.77 11.27 5.44 7.34 5.080 2.223 471.91 375.60 375.75 3583.3 42.68 7873 0.665 3888 20.28 22.99 1.10 4.67 11.27 6.61 8.24

7.620 2.223 516.19 415.72 415.91 3579.2 47.22 7344 0.666 3764 18.32 20.64 1.10 6.77 11.27 8.07 9.45 10.147 2.223 546.75 455.49 455.71 3575.1 51.74 6896 0.666 4075 18.63 20.60 1.10 8.45 11.27 10.33 11.44

12.713 2.223 578.00 494.49 494.75 3571.0 56.18 6516 0.666 4413 19.06 20.77 1.22 10.28 11.27 13.20 14.09 7.607 -3.493 527.91 422.02 422.20 3579.2 45.48 6897 0.666 3570 17.20 19.45 1.10 6.76 11.27 7.77 9.20

7.633 3.493 538.30 427.95 428.12 3579.1 44.21 6549 0.666 3425 16.35 18.55 1.10 6.78 11.27 7.57 9.02

49
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 4 Date: 20 July 1990

Time: 15:16:44

TA TB M P0

K K kg/h kPa 294.88 470.79 20.34 3585.6

P0-P1 Vf Qt kPa X U 38.35 49.96 5158.0

UqtX

1.10

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1.588 0.655 400.79

2.540 0.655 411.90

5.080 0.655 440.42

7.620 0.655 471.15

10.160 0.655 494.35

12.700 0.655 516.23

13.653 0.655 527.78

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw wtf Ure Uh Wnu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m» K) K K X X %

0.000 -0.965 331.79 294.64 294.85 3585.6 49.84 13769 0.665 8163 50.15 53.53 1.10 1.05 11.27 12.00 12.97

1.270 -0.318 370.04 308.61 308.84 3582.4 52.20 13348 0.665 6751 40.23 44.45 1.10 1.58 11.27 5.12 7.10 2.527 -0.330 388.94 322.55 322.80 3579.3 54.57 12955 0.665 5657 32.73 36.28 1.10 2.05 11.27 5.63 7.48 3.810 -0.318 404.09 335.84 336.11 3576.0 56.83 12605 0.665 5387 30.33 33.58 1.10 2.72 11.27 6.19 7.90 5.080 -0.318 417.68 349.13 ,349.42 3572.8 59.09 12277 0.665 5509 30.21 33.34 1.10 3.45 11.27 6.85 8.44 6.363 -0.318 431.88 362.84 363.16 3569.6 61.43 11959 0.665 5533 29.56 32.53 1.10 4.22 11.27 7.67 9.11 7.620 -0.330 446.21 376.31 376.65 3566.5 63.73 11665 0.665 5457 28.44 31.23 1.10 4.99 11.27 8.52 9.83 8.903 -0.305 460.51 390.03 390.40 3563.2 66.08 11383 0.665 5403 27.47 30.10 1.10 5.60 11.27 9.21 10.44 10.160 -0.318 471.05 403.38 403.77 3560.1 68.37 11124 0.666 5545 27.56 30.01 1.10 6.24 11.27 10.38 11.49 11.430 -0.318 482.22 416.53 416.95 3556.9 70.63 10881 0.666 5546 26.96 29.22 1.10 6.89 11.27 11.60 12.60 12.700 -0.305 494.29 429.52 429.96 3553.7 72.87 10654 0.666 5739 27.32 29.51 1.10 7.57 11.27 12.70 13.62 13.970 -0.318 505.54 443.40 443.88 3550.5 75.26 10423 0.666 6596 30.72 33.02 1.10 8.33 11.27 14.23 15.05 15.240 -0.953 495.29 456.96 457.46 3547.3 77.61 10209 0.666 7457 34.02 35.56 1.10 9.02 11.27 27.17 27.61 2.527 -2.223 396.32 324.88 325.10 3579.3 50.79 11916 0.665 5253 30.24 33.73 1.10 2.05 11.27 5.48 7.36 5.080 -2.235 433.96 353.64 353.90 3572.8 55.31 11249 0.665 4697 25.53 28.57 1.10 3.45 11.27 6.27 7.97 7.607 -2.235 458.48 382.90 383.20 3566.5 59.92 10655 0.665 5043 25.97 28.67 1.10 4.99 11.27 8.03 9.42

10.173 -2.223 484.44 412.50 412.85 3560.0 64.61 10125 0.666 5209 25.50 27.86 1.10 6.24 11.27 9.88 11.03 12.700 -2.223 508.39 440.63 441.04 3553.7 69.07 9676 0.666 5481 25.64 27.74 1.10 7.57 11.27 12.20 13.15 2.540 2.197 395.75 324.81 325.03 3579.2 51.14 12003 0.665 5287 30.44 33.93 1.10 2.06 11.27 5.50 7.38 5.080 2.223 427.08 353.22 353.48 3572.8 55.64 11338 0.665 5109 27.79 30.85 1.10 3.45 11.27 6.56 8.20 7.620 2.223 457.46 382.43 382.73 3566.5 60.28 10740 0.665 5080 26.18 28.89 1.10 4.99 11.27 8.08 9.46

10.147 2.223 482.54 411.37 411.72 3560.1 64.89 10216 0.666 5269 25.84 28.21 1.10 6.23 11.27 9.95 11.10 12.713 2.223 506.78 439.75 440.15 3553.6 69.43 9758 0.666 5545 25.97 28.08 1.10 7.58 11.27 12.32 13.27 7.607 -3.493 473.50 391.06 391.32 3566.5 56.04 9619 0.665 4619 23.45 26.05 1.10 4.99 11.27 7.55 9.02 7.633 3.493 476.21 392.71 392.97 3566.4 55.52 9463 0.666 4560 23.08 25.66 1.10 5.00 11.27 7.50 8.97

50
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 4 Oate: 20 July 1990

Time: 15:21:44

TA TB M PO P0-P1 Vf Ot Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

294.49 412.50 30.30 3567.6 70.45 49.98 5152.0 1.18

Hot-side Temperatures:

X T Tu cm cm K 1.588 0.655 375.14

2.540 0.655 381.82

5.080 0.655 400.85

7.620 0.655 421.43

10.160 0.655 437.13

12.700 0.655 452.10

13.653 0.655 460.76

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tu Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utu Wtf Wre Wh Unu cm cm K K K kPa m/s U/(m» K) K K X X X

0.000 -0.965 319.46 293.95 294.42 3567.6 75.31 20784 0.665 12034 74.04 77.51 1.10 0.80 11.27 12.52 13.45 1.270 -0.318 347.51 303.19 303.70 3561.8 77.76 20360 0.665 9419 56.80 61.23 1.10 1.12 11.27 5.41 7.31 2.527 -0.330 359.99 312.41 312.95 3555.9 80.21 19952 0.665 7945 46.96 50.77 1.10 1.41 11.27 5.83 7.63 3.810 -0.318 370.23 321.20 321.77 3550.0 82.56 19582 0.665 7549 43.80 47.36 1.10 1.85 11.27 6.29 7.98 5.080 -0.318 379.23 329.99 330.59 3544.1 84.92 19227 0.665 7722 43.99 47.49 1.10 2.33 11.27 6.86 8.44 6.363 -0.318 388.60 339.05 339.69 3538.2 87.36 18876 0.665 7766 43.44 46.82 1.10 2.85 11.27 7.59 9.04 7.620 -0.330 398.14 347.96 348.64 3532.4 89.76 18546 0.665 7660 42.10 45.34 1.10 3.36 11.27 8.35 9.69

8.903 -0.305 408.27 357.03 357.75 3526.5 92.22 18224 0.665 7490 40.45 43.55 1.10 3.77 11.27 8.89 10.16 10.160 -0.318 415.02 365.86 366.61 3520.7 94.62 17923 0.665 7698 40.89 43.83 1.10 4.19 11.27 9.97 11.12 11.430 -0.318 422.77 374.55 375.35 3514.8 97.00 17638 0.665 7625 39.86 42.61 1.10 4.63 11.27 11.00 12.05 12.700 -0.305 430.94 383.14 383.97 3508.9 99.35 17367 0.666 7852 40.42 43.12 1.10 5.09 11.27 11.95 12.92 13.970 -0.318 439.49 392.32 393.19 3503.0 101.86 17088 0.666 8775 44.45 47.31 1.10 5.60 11.27 12.99 13.89 15.240 -0.953 430.90 401.28 402.19 3497.2 104.33 16825 0.666 9817 48.97 50.93 1.10 6.06 11.27 24.94 25.42 2.527 -2.223 364.92 314.33 314.78 3555.9 73.48 18094 0.665 7454 43.88 47.63 1.10 1.41 11.27 5.68 7.51 5.080 -2.235 394.89 333.64 334.16 3544.1 78.18 17378 0.665 6185 34.97 38.37 1.10 2.33 11.27 6.08 7.83 7.607 -2.235 408.22 353.29 353.87 3532.5 82.97 16715 0.665 6976 37.95 41.09 1.10 3.35 11.27 7.80 9.22

10.173 -2.223 424.75 373.16 373.81 3520.6 87.86 16103 0.665 7313 38.33 41.16 1.10 4.20 11.27 9.58 10.77

12.700 -2.223 441 .32 392.05 392.77 3508.9 92.55 15568 0.666 7597 38.50 41.09 1.10 5.09 11.27 11.62 12.62 2.540 2.197 365.08 314.05 314.52 3555.9 74.71 18424 0.665 7388 43.51 47.27 1.10 1.42 11.27 5.67 7.50 5.080 2.223 386.19 332.94 333.47 3544.1 79.39 17710 0.665 7124 40.34 43.77 1.10 2.33 11.27 6.55 8.19 7.620 2.223 406.34 352.34 352.94 3532.4 84.21 17041 0.665 7100 38.70 41.86 1.10 3.36 11.27 7.91 9.31 10.147 2.223 423.89 371.57 372.24 3520.7 89.03 16434 0.665 7217 37.94 40.79 1.10 4.19 11.27 9.46 10.67

12.713 2.223 440.56 390.42 391.17 3508.9 93.79 15888 0.666 7471 37.97 40.58 1.10 5.09 11.27 11.45 12.47 7.607 -3.493 421.45 360.31 360.79 3532.5 75.79 14776 0.665 6251 33.56 36.58 1.10 3.35 11.27 7.25 8.76

7.633 3.493 421.97 360.72 361.20 3532.3 75.67 14724 0.665 6239 33.46 36.47 1.10 3.36 11.27 7.25 8.76

51
Table (conti nued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 4 Date: 20 July 1990

Time: 15:26:54

TA TB H P0 P0-P1

K K kg/h kPa kPa 294.23 382.70 40.04 3550.7 111.52

Vf Qt X U 49.98 5103.0UqtX

1.30

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm < 1.588 0.655 361.63

2.540 0.655 366.18

5.080 0.655 380.59

7.620 0.655 396.23

10.160 0.655 407.95

12.700 0.655 419.17

13.653 0.655 426.33

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Wre Uh cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* X) K K X X

0.000 -0.965 313.23 293.26 294.11 3550.7 100.62 27747 0.665 15606 96.17 99.72 1.10 0.68 11.27 13.17

1.270 -0.318 335.73 300.11 301.00 3541.4 103.19 27328 0.665 11770 71.48 76.03 1.10 0.89 11.27 5.78 2.527 -0.330 345.04 306.94 307.88 3532.2 105.77 26916 0.665 9960 59.58 63.54 1.10 1.10 11.27 6.10

3.810 -0.318 352.86 313.45 314.43 3522.8 108.25 26537 0.665 9428 55.61 59.35 1.10 1.41 11.27 6.46

5.080 -0.318 359.50 319.95 320.99 3513.5 110.75 26171 0.665 9659 56.19 59.91 1.10 1.76 11.27 6.96

6.363 -0.318 366.53 326.67 327.75 3504.1 113.33 25806 0.665 9699 55.64 59.28 1.10 2.14 11.27 7.59

7.620 -0.330 373.73 333.26 334.39 3494.9 115.89 25458 0.665 9547 54.03 57.55 1.10 2.53 11.27 8.25 8.903 -0.305 381.57 339.98 341.16 3485.5 118.50 25116 0.665 9274 51.78 55.17 1.10 2.83 11.27 8.69

10.160 -0.318 386.42 346.51 347.75 3476.3 121.06 24793 0.665 9542 52.60 55.85 1.10 3.15 11.27 9.70

11.430 -0.318 392.38 352.95 354.24 3467.0 123.60 24485 0.665 9387 51.11 54.18 1.10 3.48 11.27 10.59

12.700 -0.305 398.49 359.30 360.64 3457.7 126.12 24189 0.665 9649 51.90 54.94 1.10 3.82 11.27 11.43 13.970 -0.318 405.50 366.10 367.49 3448.4 128.81 23882 0.665 10587 56.23 59.48 1.10 4.21 11.27 12.17

15.240 -0.953 398.11 372.73 374.18 3439.1 131.46 23591 0.666 11665 61.20 63.46 1.10 4.56 11.27 23.35 2.527 -2.223 348.76 308.63 309.40 3532.2 95.87 24175 0.665 9406 56.06 59.96 1.10 1.10 11.27 5.94 5.080 -2.235 374.27 323.09 323.95 3513.5 100.81 23438 0.665 7392 42.72 46.32 1.10 1.76 11.27 6.03 7.607 -2.235 382.34 337.80 338.74 3495.0 105.87 22742 0.665 8613 48.30 51.71 1.10 2.52 11.27 7.67

10.173 -2.223 394.05 352.67 353.71 3476.2 111.05 22085 0.665 9145 49.81 52.94 1.10 3.15 11.27 9.39

12.700 -2.223 406.69 366.81 367.94 3457.7 116.04 21502 0.665 9426 50.00 52.92 1.10 3.82 11.27 11.21 2.540 2.197 349.24 303.32 309.13 3532.1 98.01 24757 0.665 9220 54.99 58.89 1.10 1.10 11.27 5.90 5.080 2.223 365.22 322.37 323.26 3513.5 102.94 24022 0.665 8865 51.31 54.96 1.10 1.76 11.27 6.62

7.620 2.223 380.40 336.81 337.79 3494.9 108.03 23319 0.665 8814 49.53 52.96 1.10 2.53 11.27 7.80 10.147 2.223 393.74 351.12 352.20 3476.4 113.14 22669 0.665 8887 48.55 51.71 1.10 3.15 11.27 9.17

12.713 2.223 406.36 365.15 366.32 3457.6 118.22 22072 0.665 9130 48.57 51.51 1.10 3.83 11.27 10.91 7.607 -3.493 394.05 343.93 344.69 3495.0 95.14 19833 0.665 7608 42.15 45.42 1.10 2.52 11.27 7.08

7.633 3.493 393.99 344.00 344.76 3494.8 95.35 19869 0.665 7629 42.26 45.53 1.10 2.53 11.27 7.10

UnuX

14.06 7.59

7.84 8.12

8.52

9.04

9.61 9.99

10.88

11.68

12.45 13.12 23.86

7.72

7.78

9.11 10.60

12.24 7.68

8.25 9.22

10.40 11.97 8.62

8.64

52
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 5 Date: 8 August 1990

Time: 15:05:29

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

300.34 672.82 13.33 3525.0 26.79 75.33 7160.0 1.04

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 512.20

2.540 0.655 540.21 5.080 0.655 605.45

7.620 0.655 675.81

10.160 0.655 734.67

12.700 0.655 756.64

13.653 0.655 777.11

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw wtf Ure Uh Wnu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K K X X %

0.000 -0.965 379.29 300.23 300.33 3525.0 33.68 8873 0.665 5301 32.19 36.61 1.10 2.03 11.27 11.64 12.64

1.270 -0.318 459.42 329.98 330.10 3522.7 36.98 8323 0.665 4435 25.27 30.31 1.10 3.24 11.27 4.81 6.88

2.527 -0.330 503.36 359.67 359.81 3520.5 40.28 7850 0.665 3618 19.44 23.39 1.10 4.28 11.27 5.35 7.27

3.810 -0.318 536.95 387.96 388.12 3518.3 43.43 7454 0.666 3415 17.43 20.84 1.10 5.70 11.27 5.90 7.68 5.080 -0.318 567.53 416.26 416.45 3516.1 46.58 7102 0.666 3455 16.80 19.92 1.18 7.28 11.27 6.52 8.17

6.363 -0.318 599.29 445.45 445.66 3513.8 49.84 6779 0.666 3436 15.95 18.78 1.30 8.92 11.27 7.26 8.77

7.620 -0.330 632.49 474.14 474.37 3511.6 53.04 6493 0.666 3332 14.82 17.37 1.44 10.55 11.27 7.98 9.38

8.903 -0.305 666.52 503.36 503.63 3509.3 56.31 6230 0.666 3228 13.77 16.07 1.57 11.85 11.27 8.50 9.82

10.160 -0.318 691.69 531.78 532.08 3507.1 59.49 5997 0.666 3244 13.33 15.40 1.67 13.19 11.27 9.40 10.61 11.430 -0.318 709.75 559.79 560.13 3504.9 62.63 5787 0.666 3358 13.31 15.17 1.75 14.58 11.27 10.78 11.85 12.700 -0.305 727.34 587.44 587.81 3502.7 65.74 5596 0.666 3673 14.08 15.84 1.82 16.02 11.27 12.37 13.31 13.970 -0.318 745.64 617.01 617.41 3500.4 69.06 5408 0.666 4403 16.31 18.10 1.89 17.62 11.27 14.41 15.22 15.240 -0.953 727.34 645.88 646.32 3498.2 72.31 5238 0.666 4833 17.34 18.51 1.82 19.09 11.27 26.85 27.29 2.527 -2.223 519.55 363.77 363.89 3520.5 38.11 7288 0.665 3337 17.79 21.64 1.10 4.28 11.27 5.22 7.17 5.080 -2.235 593.93 424.26 424.43 3516.1 44.41 6559 0.666 3079 14.78 17.78 1.28 7.28 11.27 6.14 7.87 7.607 -2.235 655.02 485.80 486.02 3511.6 50.84 5974 0.666 3118 13.64 16.08 1.53 10.54 11.27 7.62 9.07

10.173 -2.223 716.34 548.04 548.32 3507.1 57.35 5495 0.666 3081 12.39 14.36 1.77 13.21 11.27 9.05 10.30 12.700 -2.223 747.44 607.22 607.56 3502.7 63.56 5117 0.666 3664 13.72 15.38 1.90 16.02 11.27 12.35 13.29 2.540 2.197 516.70 365.52 365.64 3520.5 37.46 7105 0.665 3436 18.26 22.09 1.10 4.29 11.27 5.27 7.21 5.080 2.223 585.99 427.05 427.21 3516.1 43.72 6387 0.666 3287 15.71 18.70 1.25 7.28 11.27 6.35 8.03

7.620 2.223 663.26 490.29 490.50 3511.6 50.18 5806 0.666 3050 13.25 15.65 1.56 10.55 11.27 7.52 8.98

10.147 2.223 716.84 552.97 553.24 3507.1 56.59 5342 0.666 3166 12.66 14.60 1.77 13.18 11.27 9.22 10.45 12.713 2.223 747.15 614.43 614.76 3502.6 62.90 4964 0.666 3874 14.39 16.02 1.90 16.03 11.27 12.97 13.87 7.607 -3.493 670.50 493.91 494.12 3511.6 49.52 5660 0.666 2987 12.92 15.29 1.59 10.54 11.27 7.41 8.89

7.633 3.493 701.50 510.56 510.75 3511.6 47.28 5111 0.666 2762 11.67 13.90 1.71 10.57 11.27 7.06 8.61

53
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 5 Date: 8 August 1990

Time: 15:13:22

TA TB H P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X W X

300.08 592.34 17.31 3535.4 38.03 75.43 7291.0 1.05

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1.588 0.655 473.94

2.540 0.655 493.94

5.080 0.655 542.82

7.620 0.655 595.95

10.160 0.655 633.09

12.700 0.655 664.45

13.653 0.655 682.45

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR cm cm K K K kPa m/s

0.000 -0.965 360.80 299.90 300.06 3535.4 43.75 11580 0.665

1.270 -0.318 425.53 323.12 323.30 3532.2 47.12 11011 0.665

2.527 -0.330 458.30 346.29 346.50 3529.1 50.49 10505 0.665

3.810 -0.318 483.60 368.37 368.61 3525.9 53.70 10072 0.665

5.080 -0.318 506.54 390.45 390.73 3522.7 56.92 9679 0.666

6.363 -0.318 530.42 413.23 413.54 3519.5 60.25 9310 0.666

7.620 -0.330 554.60 435.61 435.95 3516.4 63.53 8978 0.666

8.903 -0.305 578.50 458.42 458.79 3513.2 66.88 8668 0.666

10.160 -0.318 594.83 480.60 481.01 3510.1 70.14 8389 0.666

11.430 -0.318 611.15 502.45 502.91 3506.9 73.36 8135 0.666

12.700 -0.305 629.81 524.03 524.52 3503.7 76.54 7901 0.666

13.970 -0.318 647.73 547.09 547.63 3500.5 79.95 7669 0.666

15.240 -0.953 632.35 569.62 570.21 3497.4 83.28 7456 0.666

2.527 -2.223 471.27 349.65 349.85 3529.1 47.55 9736 0.665

5.080 -2.235 529.00 397.01 397.25 3522.7 53.99 8927 0.666

7.607 -2.235 572.69 445.18 445.48 3516.4 60.55 8251 0.666

10.173 -2.223 616.32 493.89 494.27 3510.0 67.22 7680 0.666

12.700 -2.223 650.78 540.21 540.67 3503.7 73.59 7217 0.666

2.540 2.197 470.00 350.71 350.90 3529.1 46.93 9561 0.665

5.080 2.223 523.02 398.58 398.82 3522.7 53.33 8761 0.666

7.620 2.223 577.33 447.79 448.09 3516.4 59.94 8087 0.666

10.147 2.223 613.14 496.55 496.92 3510.1 66.50 7530 0.666

12.713 2.223 650.30 544.36 544.81 3503.7 72.97 7065 0.666

7.607 -3.493 592.41 455.72 456.00 3516.4 57.79 7572 0.666

7.633 3.493 610.14 465.52 465.78 3516.4 55.73 7045 0.666

Unc ertaint ies

h MU NUm Utw Wtf Ure Wh Wnu

U/(m* K) K K X X X 7019 42.64 47.20 1.10 1.62 11.27 11.72 12.71 5713 33.01 38.41 1.10 2.56 11.27 4.86 6.92

4731 26.09 30.44 1.10 3.37 11.27 5.41 7.31 4501 23.80 27.64 1.10 4.48 11.27 5.97 7.74 4589 23.32 26.91 1.10 5.71 11.27 6.63 8.26 4598 22.48 25.79 1.10 7.00 11.27 7.42 8.91 4522 21.32 24.35 1.13 8.28 11.27 8.25 9.60 4473 20.36 23.14 1.22 9.30 11.27 8.93 10.20 4633 20.41 22.95 1.29 10.35 11.27 10.15 11.28 4727 20.20 22.50 1.35 11.44 11.27 11.54 12.55 4957 20.57 22.76 1.43 12.57 11.27 12.80 13.72 5744 23.13 25.38 1.50 13.83 11.27 14.48 15.29 6416 25.13 26.62 1.44 14.98 11.27 27.33 27.77 4356 23.86 28.12 1.10 3.37 11.27 5.26 7.20 4034 20.27 23.74 1.10 5.71 11.27 6.18 7.90 4218 19.59 22.50 1.20 8.27 11.27 7.84 9.26 4320 18.68 21.10 1.37 10.36 11.27 9.61 10.80 4740 19.26 21.34 1.51 12.57 11.27 12.32 13.27 4437 24.26 28.50 1.10 3.38 11.27 5.30 7.23 4280 21.44 24.90 1.10 5.71 11.27 6.38 8.05 4152 19.21 22.09 1.22 8.28 11.27 7.77 9.20 4539 19.55 21.95 1.36 10.34 11.27 9.98 11.12

4951 20.01 22.07 1.51 12.58 11.27 12.80 13.71 3934 17.98 20.77 1.28 8.27 11.27 7.48 8.96 3717 16.74 19.43 1.35 8.29 11.27 7.23 8.74

54
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 5 Date: 8 August 1990

Time: 15:20:16

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

299.87 513.32 23.81 3547.9 59.13 75.48 7326.0 1.07

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm X 1.588 0.655 438.77

2.540 0.655 452.11 5.080 0.655 487.20

7.620 0.655 525.03

10.160 0.655 552.10

12.700 0.655 576.65

13.653 0.655 591.26

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR cm cm K X K kPa m/s

0.000 -0.965 344.35 299.52 299.83 3547.9 60.40 16076 0.665

1.270 -0.318 394.80 316.32 316.67 3543.0 63.82 15495 0.665 2.527 -0.330 418.13 333.09 333.47 3538.1 67.23 14962 0.665

3.810 -0.318 436.39 349.07 349.48 3533.2 70.50 14493 0.665

5 .080 -0.318 452.90 365.05 365.50 3528.2 73.78 14057 0.665

6.363 -0.318 470.17 381.52 382.03 3523.3 77.17 13640 0.665

7.620 -0.330 487.41 397.72 398.26 3518.4 80.51 13257 0.666

8.903 -0.305 504.90 414.21 414.81 3513.4 83.92 12893 0.666

10.160 -0.318 516.78 430.26 430.90 3508.5 87.25 12560 0.666

11.430 -0.318 529.59 446.07 446.76 3503.6 90.54 12252 0.666

12.700 -0.305 543.42 461.67 462.41 3498.7 93.80 11965 0.666

13.970 -0.318 557.42 478.36 479.15 3493.7 97.29 11675 0.666

15.240 -0.953 544.40 494.65 495.50 3488.8 100.70 11408 0.666

2.527 -2.223 427.74 336.04 336.37 3538.1 62.45 13694 0.665

5.080 -2.235 474.51 370.76 371.16 3528.2 68.98 12807 0.665

7.607 -2.235 503.39 406.08 406.56 3518.4 75.67 12034 0.666

10.173 -2.223 533.72 441.80 442.37 3508.5 82.46 11356 0.666

12.700 -2.223 560.64 475.75 476.42 3498.7 88.97 10791 0.666

2.540 2.197 427.50 336.10 336.43 3538.1 62.66 13737 0.665

5.080 2.223 466.12 370.53 370.93 3528.2 69.17 12854 0.665

7.620 2.223 502.89 405.91 406.40 3518.4 75.88 12076 0.666

10.147 2.223 532.36 440.98 441.55 3508.6 82.58 11407 0.666

12.713 2.223 560.20 475.35 476.02 3498.6 89.19 10832 0.666

7.607 -3.493 525.87 417.94 418.35 3518.4 70.11 10626 0.666

7.633 3.493 530.12 420.42 420.82 3518.3 69.32 10402 0.666

Unc ertaint les

h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Wre Uh Unu

U/(m« X) X X X X X

9622 58.50 63.16 1.10 1.23 11.27 11.87 12.85

7511 44.03 49.74 1.10 1.89 11.27 4.91 6.95 6278 35.54 40.27 1.10 2.47 11.27 5.43 7.33 5985 32.82 37.11 1.10 3.28 11.27 5.96 7.73

6111 32.51 36.60 1.10 4.18 11.27 6.57 8.21 6127 31.63 35.48 1.10 5.12 11.27 7.33 8.82 6048 30.35 33.94 1.10 6.05 11.27 8.13 9.50

5971 29.14 32.49 1.10 6.79 11.27 8.77 10.05 6170 29.34 32.45 1.10 7.57 11.27 9.91 11.07 6207 28.79 31.64 1.10 8.36 11.27 11.12 12.16 6474 29.33 32.08 1.10 9.18 11.27 12.25 13.20

7381 32.62 35.48 1.14 10.10 11.27 13.61 14.48 8195 35.40 37.32 1.10 10.94 11.27 25.82 26.29 5816 32.73 37.37 1.10 2.47 11.27 5.29 7.23 5168 27.21 31.16 1.10 4.18 11.27 6.02 7.78 5568 27.55 31.01 1.10 6.04 11.27 7.66 9.10 5799 27.08 30.05 1.10 7.57 11.27 9.45 10.65 6226 27.63 30.24 1.15 9.18 11.27 11.85 12.83

5831 32.81 37.45 1.10 2.48 11.27 5.31 7.24 5610 29.55 33.53 1.10 4.18 11.27 6.27 7.97 5588 27.65 31.11 1.10 6.05 11.27 7.69 9.13 5836 27.29 30.27 1.10 7.56 11.27 9.47 10.67 6234 27.68 30.30 1.15 9.19 11.27 11.86 12.84 5015 24.33 27.61 1.10 6.04 11.27 7.15 8.68 4933 23.83 27.07 1.10 6.06 11.27 7.08 8.63

55
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 5 Date: 8 August 1990

Time: 15:26:11

TA TB

K K 299.66 463.95

M PO kg/h kPa 31.08 3554.0

P0-P1 Vf

kPa X

87.01 75.49

Ot Uqt U X

7358.0 1.11

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 416 .43

2 .540 0.655 425 .88

5 .080 0.655 452 .84

7 .620 0.655 481 .88

10 .160 0.655 502 .86

12 .700 0.655 521 .93

13 .653 0.655 533 .78

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Ure Wh Unu cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K X X X X 0.000 -0.965 334.05 299.06 299.59 3554.0 79.34 21205 0.665 12483 75.97 80.74 1.10 1.00 11.27 12.07 13.04 1.270 -0.318 375.26 311.84 312.42 3546.8 82.83 20615 0.665 9379 55.51 61.46 1.10 1.49 11.27 5.00 7.01 2.527 -0.330 392.95 324.60 325.23 3539.6 86.33 20064 0.665 7881 45.40 50.43 1.10 1.92 11.27 5.48 7.36 3.810 -0.318 407.13 336.76 337.43 3532.3 89.70 19569 0.665 7495 42.12 46.75 1.10 2.54 11.27 5.96 7.73 5.08C -0.318 419.67 348.91 349.64 3525.0 93.07 19103 0.665 7660 42.03 46.52 1.10 3.22 11.27 6.52 8.17 6.363 -0.318 432.91 361.45 362.23 3517.7 96.56 18649 0.665 7674 41.11 45.40 1.10 3.95 11.27 7.21 8.73 7.620 -0.330 446.18 373.77 374.61 3510.5 100.00 18228 0.665 7566 39.61 43.66 1.10 4.66 11.27 7.96 9.36 8.903 -0.305 460.18 386.31 387.21 3503.2 103.53 17821 0.666 7405 37.91 41.74 1.10 5.23 11.27 8.50 9.82 10.160 -0.318 469.05 398.52 399.48 3496.0 106.97 17445 0.666 7650 38.34 41.93 1.10 5.83 11.27 9.58 10.77 11.430 -0.318 479.17 410.54 411.57 3488.8 110.38 17093 0.666 7639 37.51 40.84 1.10 6.44 11.27 10.65 11.73 12.700 -0.305 489.92 422.41 423.50 3481.5 113.76 16762 0.666 7930 38.19 41.43 1.10 7.07 11.27 11.66 12.65 13.970 -0.318 501.57 435.10 436.26 3474.3 117.38 16424 0.666 8884 41.92 45.33 1.10 7.78 11.27 12.71 13.63 15.240 -0.953 489.95 447.48 448.71 3467.0 120.93 16110 0.666 9759 45.17 47.48 1.10 8.43 11.27 24.20 24.70 2.527 -2.223 400.37 327.20 327.73 3539.6 79.31 18187 0.665 7349 42.11 47.05 1.10 1.92 11.27 5.35 7.27 5.080 -2.235 441.41 353.90 354.52 3525.0 86.02 17243 0.665 6174 33.55 37.89 1.10 3.22 11.27 5.85 7.64 7.607 -2.235 460.30 381.05 381.78 3510.6 92.89 16395 0.666 6896 35.63 39.53 1.10 4.66 11.27 7.46 8.94 10.173 -2.223 482.80 408.51 409.35 3496.0 99.91 15632 0.666 7243 35.69 39.13 1.10 5.83 11.27 9.19 10.42 12.700 -2.223 504.11 434.61 435.56 3481.5 106.64 14981 0.666 7683 36.28 39.36 1.10 7.07 11.27 11.35 12.37 2.540 2.197 400.65 327.02 327.56 3539.5 80.14 18394 0.665 7297 41.83 46.77 1.10 1.93 11.27 5.34 7.26 5.080 2.223 430.48 353.29 353.92 3525.0 86.82 17453 0.665 7007 38.12 42.50 1.10 3.22 11.27 6.22 7.93 7.620 2.223 458.68 380.28 381.02 3510.5 93.73 16598 0.666 6973 36.08 40.00 1.10 4.66 11.27 7.52 8.99 10.147 2.223 481.97 407.03 407.88 3496.1 100.64 15843 0.666 7185 35.49 38.95 1.10 5.82 11.27 9.11 10.35 12.713 2.223 503.74 433.25 434.22 3481.5 107.48 15178 0.666 7582 35.88 38.98 1.10 7.08 11.27 11.22 12.25 7.607 -3.493 483.63 393.14 393.72 3510.6 83.66 14015 0.666 6023 30.47 34.15 1.10 4.66 11.27 6.84 8.43

7.633 3.493 482.50 392.74 393.34 3510.5 84.21 14130 0.666 6073 30.74 34.42 1.10 4.67 11.27 6.89 8.47

56
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 5 Date: 8 August 1990

Time: 15:32:04

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

299.19 424.49 40.64 3561.3 131.64 75.55 7335.0 1.17

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 397.64

2.540 0.655 404.16

5.080 0.655 424.73

7.620 0.655 446.98

10.160 0.655 462.97

12.700 0.655 477.46

13.653 0.655 487.30

Insulated- Side Temperatures and

X Y Tw Tf cm cm K K 0.000 -0.965 325.62 298.15

1.270 -0.318 359.04 307.77

2.527 -0.330 372.40 317.37

3.810 -0.318 383.37 326.52

5.080 -0.318 392.82 335.66

6.363 -0.318 402.83 345.09

7.620 -0.330 412.98 354.35

8.903 -0.305 424.22 363.79

10.160 -0.318 430.53 372.96

11.430 -0.318 438.47 382.00

12.700 -0.305 446.66 390.92

13.970 -0.318 456.38 400.46

15.240 -0.953 446.19 409.77

2.527 -2.223 378.07 319.69

5.080 -2.235 414.02 340.01 7.607 -2.235 425.29 360.66

10.173 -2.223 441.40 381.55

12.700 -2.223 457.96 401.40

2.540 2.197 378.80 319.36

5.080 2.223 401.64 339.19

7.620 2.223 423.05 359.57

10.147 2.223 441.08 379.75

12.713 2.223 457.79 399.54

7.607 -3.493 448.18 372.34

7.633 3.493 443.77 370.25

Calculated Data:

Taw P V RE

K kPa m/s 299.07 3561.3 104.26 28062 308.75 3550.4 107.89 27470 318.42 3539.5 111.53 26906 327.63 3528.4 115.04 26394 336.84 3517.4 118.58 25904 346.35 3506.4 122.24 25421 355.69 3495.5 125.85 24967

365.20 3484.4 129.56 24524 374.46 3473.6 133.19 24110 383.58 3462.6 136.80 23719 392.58 3451.6 140.38 23347

402.21 3440.7 144.22 22965

411.61 3429.7 147.99 22606

320.55 3539.5 101.29 24142 340.99 3517.4 108.28 23154 361.79 3495.6 115.46 22243 382.82 3473.5 122.82 21405 402.82 3451.6 129.93 20674 320.26 3539.4 103.09 24613

340.21 3517.4 110.06 23628 360.73 3495.5 117.29 22708 381.06 3473.7 124.54 21878 401.00 3451.5 131.77 21130 373.20 3495.6 100.85 18423 371.15 3495.4 103.50 19083

PR h W/(m* K)

NU NUm

0.665 16154 98.50 103.39

0.665 11685 69.77 75.94

0.665 9856 57.65 62.95

0.665 9342 53.60 58.55

0.665 9553 53.80 58.66

0.665 9573 52.92 57.62

0.665 9423 51.16 55.65

0.665 9127 48.68 52.97

0.666 9461 49.61 53.69

0.666 9378 48.38 52.19

0.666 9709 49.31 53.06 0.666 10677 53.34 57.32 0.666 11602 57.05 59.79

0.665 9251 53.84 59.04

0.665 7322 40.88 45.56

0.665 8501 45.61 49.94

0.666 9053 46.74 50.64 0.666 9521 47.48 51.05

0.665 9083 52.90 58.11 0.665 8705 48.68 53.42

0.665 8662 46.56 50.92 0.666 8841 45.80 49.73 0.666 9252 46.29 49.89

0.665 7200 37.80 41.86

0.665 7434 39.18 43.28

ertaint ies Utw Wtf Wre Uh K K X X

1.10 0.83 11.27 12.42 1.10 1.17 11.27 5.17

1.10 1.49 11.27 5.59

1.10 1.95 11.27 6.00

1.10 2.47 11.27 6.50

1.10 3.02 11.27 7.14

1.10 3.56 11.27 7.81 1.10 4.00 11.27 8.25

1.10 4.45 11.27 9.27

1.10 4.91 11.27 10.22 1.10 5.40 11.27 11.12 1.10 5.94 11.27 11.88

1.10 6.43 11.27 22.74

1.10 1.49 11.27 5.46

1.10 2.47 11.27 5.72

1.10 3.56 11.27 7.28

1.10 4.45 11.27 8.98

1.10 5.40 11.27 10.94

1.10 1.50 11.27 5.43

1.10 2.47 11.27 6.19

1.10 3.56 11.27 7.38

1.10 4.44 11.27 8.80

1.10 5.40 11.27 10.68

1.10 3.56 11.27 6.58

1.10 3.57 11.27 6.71

Unu

%

13.36

7.13

7.45 7.76

8.16 8.67

9.23 9.60

10.50

11.34 12.16

12.86 23.27

7.35 7.54 8.79

10.24

12.00

7.33

7.91 8.87

10.08

11.76 8.22

8.32

57
Channel Specimen

Experiment 6

Date: 10 August 1990

Time: 14:04:43

TA TB M P0 P0-P1

K K kg/h kPa kPa 300.87 709.80 3.78 6942.2 1.88

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 486.16

2.540 0.655 521.26

5.080 0.655 601.04

7.620 0.655 671.32

10.160 0.655 729.72

12.700 0.655 772.87

13.653 0.655 782.61

Table 3 (continued)

Vf Qt Wqt X W X

25.24 2226.0 1.03

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Uh Unu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K K X X X

0.000 -0.965 390.13 300.87 300.87 6942.2 4.73 2394 0.662 1458 8.74 10.08 1.10 2.21 11.27 11.60 12.60

1.270 -0.318 457.45 334.94 334.94 6942.0 5.24 2228 0.662 1455 8.13 9.65 1.10 3.55 11.27 5.04 7.04 2.527 -0.330 506.94 368.93 368.94 6941.9 5.76 2087 0.663 1170 6.13 7.30 1.10 4.69 11.27 5.60 7.45 3.810 -0.318 549.63 401.34 401.34 6941.7 6.25 1972 0.663 1066 5.28 6.28 1.11 6.26 11.27 6.16 7.88 5.080 -0.318 587.29 433.75 433.75 6941.6 6.74 1870 0.664 1057 4.97 5.87 1.26 7.99 11.27 6.81 8.40 6.363 -0.318 623.88 467.18 467.19 6941.4 7.25 1777 0.664 1047 4.68 5.49 1.40 9.79 11.27 7.63 9.08

7.620 -0.330 657.24 500.04 500.04 6941.3 7.75 1696 0.664 1042 4.45 5.17 1.54 11.59 11.27 8.58 9.89

8.903 -0.305 688.29 533.51 533.52 6941.1 8.26 1622 0.664 1056 4.31 4.96 1.66 13.01 11.27 9.50 10.69

10.160 -0.318 716.85 566.08 566.08 6940.9 8.75 1557 0.665 1068 4.18 4.76 1.77 14.48 11.27 10.61 11.70 11.430 -0.318 740.95 598.17 598.18 6940.8 9.24 1498 0.665 1094 4.13 4.65 1.87 16.00 11.27 12.14 13.10 12.700 -0.305 761.79 629.85 629.86 6940.6 9.72 1446 0.665 1208 4.39 4.87 1.96 17.58 11.27 14.12 14.95 13.970 -0.318 772.04 663.72 663.73 6940.5 10.24 1394 0.665 1620 5.69 6.18 2.00 19.35 11.27 18.41 19.06 15.240 -0.953 760.84 696.81 696.82 6940.3 10.74 1347 0.665 1901 6.45 6.77 1.95 20.95 11.27 35.23 35.57

2.527 -2.223 514.23 370.81 370.81 6941.9 5.63 2025 0.663 1126 5.88 7.04 1.10 4.69 11.27 5.52 7.39 5.080 -2.235 591.54 437.40 437.41 6941.6 6.62 1809 0.664 1053 4.92 5.81 1.27 7.99 11.27 6.80 8.39 7.607 -2.235 666.71 505.17 505.17 6941.3 7.62 1639 0.664 1014 4.30 5.01 1.57 11.57 11.27 8.40 9.74

10.173 -2.223 730.84 573.71 573.72 6940.9 8.63 1501 0.665 1024 3.98 4.55 1.83 14.50 11.27 10.27 11.39

12.700 -2.223 775.44 638.89 638.90 6940.6 9.60 1393 0.665 1167 4.21 4.68 2.01 17.58 11.27 13.70 14.55 2.540 2.197 515.65 371.96 371.96 6941.9 5.59 1997 0.663 1123 5.85 7.00 1.10 4.71 11.27 5.52 7.40 5.080 2.223 598.69 438.98 438.98 6941.6 6.57 1785 0.664 1016 4.74 5.62 1.30 7.99 11.27 6.66 8.28

7.620 2.223 671.25 507.87 507.88 6941.3 7.57 1615 0.664 1003 4.23 4.93 1.59 11.59 11.27 8.34 9.68

10.147 2.223 729.88 576.16 576.16 6940.9 8.57 1480 0.665 1048 4.05 4.61 1.83 14.47 11.27 10.44 11.54 12.713 2.223 771.80 643.13 643.14 6940.6 9.55 1371 0.665 1239 4.45 4.92 2.00 17.60 11.27 14.46 15.27 7.607 -3.493 674.40 509.45 509.46 6941.3 7.53 1596 0.664 993 4.18 4.88 1.61 11.57 11.27 8.27 9.63 7.633 3.493 688.21 517.53 517.54 6941.3 7.38 1525 0.664 960 4.00 4.68 1.66 11.60 11.27 8.09 9.47

58
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 6

Date: 10 August 1990

Time: 14:16:47

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

X X kg/h kPa kPa X W X

299.11 537.41 7.08 6944.5 3.43 25.26 2433.0 1.06

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 419.18

2.540 0.655 438.39

5.080 0.655 483.43

7.620 0.655 527.77

10.160 0.655 570.34

12.700 0.655 599.82

13.653 0.655 604.14

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU Nlim Utw Wtf Wre Wh Unu

cm cm X X X kPa m/s W/(m* X) X X X X % 0.000 -0.965 352.77 299.11 299.11 6944.5 9.00 4602 0.661 2651 15.96 17.48 1.10 1.35 11.27 11.73 12.72 1.270 -0.318 397.34 318.55 318.55 6944.2 9.56 4413 0.662 2473 14.29 16.14 1.10 2.10 11.27 5.03 7.04 2.527 -0.330 425.83 337.95 337.95 6943.9 10.13 4241 0.662 2008 11.16 12.67 1.10 2.76 11.27 5.53 7.40 3.810 -0.318 450.08 356.44 356.45 6943.6 10.67 4092 0.663 1844 9.89 11.24 1.10 3.66 11.27 6.02 7.78 5.080 -0.318 471.89 374.93 374.94 6943.3 11.20 3954 0.663 1829 9.48 10.76 1.10 4.66 11.27 6.57 8.21 6.363 -0.318 493.82 394.01 394.02 6943.0 11.76 3824 0.663 1797 9.01 10.20 1.10 5.71 11.27 7.24 8.75 7.620 -0.330 515.12 412.76 412.77 6942.8 12.31 3704 0.664 1749 8.50 9.60 1.10 6.76 11.27 7.95 9.35 8.903 -0.305 536.99 431.86 431.88 6942.5 12.86 3592 0.664 1699 8.01 9.03 1.10 7.58 11.27 8.46 9.79

10.160 -0.318 555.95 450.44 450.46 6942.2 13.40 3490 0.664 1668 7.64 8.58 1.13 8.44 11.27 9.18 10.41 11.430 -0.318 572.49 468.76 468.77 6941.9 13.93 3396 0.664 1646 7.34 8.19 1.20 9.33 11.27 10.11 11.25 12.700 -0.305 585.96 486.83 486.85 6941.6 14.46 3309 0.664 1757 7.63 8.45 1.25 10.25 11.27 11.32 12.35 13.970 -0.318 591.16 506.17 506.18 6941.3 15.02 3221 0.664 2257 9.55 10.40 1.27 11.28 11.27 13.97 14.81 15.240 -0.953 574.90 525.04 525.07 6941.0 15.57 3141 0.664 2670 11.02 11.58 1.21 12.22 11.27 27.71 28.14 2.527 -2.223 433.26 340.18 340.19 6943.9 9.64 3993 0.663 1896 10.49 11.98 1.10 2.76 11.27 5.42 7.32 5.080 -2.235 483.26 379.29 379.30 6943.3 10.72 3710 0.663 1706 8.78 10.03 1.10 4.66 11.27 6.32 8.01 7.607 -2.235 527.31 419.08 419.10 6942.8 11.81 3467 0.664 1654 7.96 9.03 1.10 6.75 11.27 7.64 9.08

10.173 -2.223 563.78 459.34 459.35 6942.2 12.92 3256 0.664 1684 7.62 8.53 1.16 8.45 11.27 9.26 10.49 12.700 -2.223 594.62 497.62 497.64 6941.6 13.97 3082 0.664 1795 7.69 8.48 1.29 10.25 11.27 11.54 12.54 2.540 2.197 432.49 340.18 340.19 6943.9 9.69 4012 0.663 1910 10.57 12.06 1.10 2.76 11.27 5.44 7.34 5.080 2.223 480.28 378.91 378.92 6943.3 10.76 3731 0.663 1749 9.01 10.26 1.10 4.66 11.27 6.41 8.08

7.620 2.223 526.43 418.71 418.73 6942.8 11.86 3486 0.664 1662 8.00 9.07 1.10 6.76 11.27 7.67 9.11 10.147 2.223 566.98 458.17 458.19 6942.2 12.95 3278 0.664 1618 7.33 8.24 1.17 8.44 11.27 8.96 10.22 12.713 2.223 595.26 496.87 496.88 6941.6 14.02 3100 0.664 1771 7.59 8.38 1.29 10.26 11.27 11.41 12.43 7.607 -3.493 539.80 425.65 425.66 6942.8 11.37 3253 0.664 1568 7.47 8.51 1.10 6.75 11.27 7.37 8.86 7.633 3.493 541.48 426.74 426.75 6942.8 11.34 3230 0.664 1560 7.42 8.46 1.10 6.76 11.27 7.36 8.85

59
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 6 Date: 10 August 1990

Time: 14:25:15

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

298.22 425.81 13.61 6950.0 9.28 25.27 2503.0 1.16

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 367.00

2.540 0.655 375.62

5.080 0.655 396.82

7.620 0.655 419.16

10.160 0.655 435.80

12.700 0.655 450.41

13.653 0.655 457.23

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw wtf Wre Uh Unu cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m« K) K K X X X 0.000 -0.965 324.71 298.19 298.21 6950.0 17.53 9017 0.661 5524 33.32 34.92 1.10 0.84 11.27 12.43 13.37

1.270 -0.318 350.24 308.41 308.44 6949.3 18.11 8818 0.662 4797 28.31 30.36 1.10 1.19 11.27 5.61 7.46 2.527 -0.330 363.93 318.62 318.65 6948.5 18.70 8628 0.662 4010 23.16 24.92 1.10 1.52 11.27 6.05 7.80 3.810 -0.318 375.34 328.35 328.38 6947.7 19.25 8456 0.662 3784 21.43 23.07 1.10 1.99 11.27 6.58 8.21 5.080 -0.318 385.49 338.08 338.11 6946.9 19.81 8292 0.662 3852 21.40 23.00 1.10 2.52 11.27 7.25 8.76 6.363 -0.318 396.06 348.12 348.15 6946.2 20.38 8131 0.663 3851 20.98 22.52 1.10 3.07 11.27 8.06 9.45 7.620 -0.330 406.67 357.98 358.02 6945.4 20.94 7979 0.663 3786 20.25 21.72 1.10 3.63 11.27 8.91 10.18 8.903 -0.305 417.48 368.03 368.07 6944.6 21.51 7831 0.663 3720 19.53 20.93 1.10 4.07 11.27 9.57 10.76 10.160 -0.318 424.73 377.81 377.85 6943.8 22.07 7693 0.663 3861 19.92 21.24 1.10 4.53 11.27 10.87 11.93 11.430 -0.318 432.35 387.44 387.48 6943.1 22.62 7563 0.663 3915 19.86 21.09 1.10 5.01 11.27 12.28 13.23 12.700 -0.305 440.41 396.95 397.00 6942.3 23.17 7440 0.663 4127 20.60 21.81 1.10 5.50 11.27 13.67 14.53 13.970 -0.318 447.22 407.12 407.17 6941.5 23.75 7313 0.664 4928 24.18 25.46 1.10 6.05 11.27 15.90 16.64 15.240 -0.953 441.26 417.05 417.10 6940.7 24.31 7193 0.664 5668 27.36 28.22 1.10 6.55 11.27 30.30 30.70 2.527 -2.223 368.20 320.03 320.05 6948.5 17.57 8051 0.662 3771 21.72 23.46 1.10 1.52 11.27 5.88 7.67 5.080 -2.235 396.99 340.82 340.85 6946.9 18.68 7718 0.663 3250 17.96 19.53 1.10 2.52 11.27 6.55 8.19

7.607 -2.235 414.02 361.98 362.01 6945.4 19.81 7411 0.663 3542 18.80 20.24 1.10 3.62 11.27 8.47 9.79

10.173 -2.223 432.33 383.38 383.42 6943.8 20.95 7128 0.663 3700 18.90 20.19 1.10 4.54 11.27 10.51 11.60 12.700 -2.223 448.32 403.73 403.78 6942.3 22.04 6882 0.663 4022 19.85 21.03 1.10 5.50 11.27 13.36 14.24 2.540 2.197 368.45 320.23 320.26 6948.5 17.50 8011 0.662 3765 21.68 23.42 1.10 1.52 11.27 5.89 7.67 5.080 2.223 391.91 341.02 341.05 6946.9 18.61 7680 0.663 3587 19.81 21.39 1.10 2.52 11.27 6.94 8.50

7.620 2.223 414.64 362.38 362.41 6945.4 19.74 7372 0.663 3527 18.71 20.15 1.10 3.63 11.27 8.45 9.78

10.147 2.223 431.37 383.55 383.59 6943.8 20.87 7094 0.663 3790 19.36 20.65 1.10 4.53 11.27 10.69 11.77 12.713 2.223 447.68 404.32 404.36 6942.3 21.97 6844 0.663 4139 20.41 21.59 1.10 5.51 11.27 13.71 14.56 7.607 -3.493 423.34 367.12 367.15 6945.4 18.59 6794 0.663 3278 17.24 18.65 1.10 3.62 11.27 8.00 9.40

7.633 3.493 425.86 368.64 368.66 6945.4 18.32 6652 0.663 3221 16.89 18.29 1.10 3.63 11.27 7.92 9.32

60
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 6

Date: 10 August 1990

T ime: 14:31:20

TA TB M PO P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

298.45 385.31 19.90 6956.2 16.79 25.27 2492.0 1.30

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1.588 0.655 350.58

2.540 0.655 355.99

5.080 0.655 370.11

7.620 0.655 385.14

10.160 0.655 396.47

12.700 0.655 406.89

13.653 0.655 412.13

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE cm cm K K K kPa m/s

0.000 -0.965 316.43 298.38 298.44 6956.2 25.96 13351 1.270 -0.318 335.60 305.25 305.31 6954.8 26.55 13152 2.527 -0.330 344.78 312.11 312.17 6953.4 27.13 12958

3.810 -0.318 352.46 318.65 318.71 6952.0 27.68 12780 5.080 -0.318 359.22 325.19 325.25 6950.6 28.24 12608

6.363 -0.318 366.29 331.93 332.00 6949.2 28.81 12435 7.620 -0.330 373.40 338.56 338.63 6947.8 29.38 12271 8.903 -0.305 380.94 345.31 345.39 6946.4 29.95 12109

10.160 -0.318 385.76 351.88 351.96 6945.0 30.51 11957

11.430 -0.318 391.18 358.35 358.43 6943.6 31.06 11811 12.700 -0.305 396.88 364.74 364.83 6942.2 31.60 11670

13.970 -0.318 402.21 371.57 371.66 6940.8 32.19 11525

15.240 -0.953 397.33 378.25 378.34 6939.4 32.75 11387

2.527 -2.223 347.86 313.32 313.37 6953.4 25.04 11888 5.080 -2.235 370.28 327.54 327.59 6950.6 26.15 11540 7.607 -2.235 379.87 342.00 342.06 6947.8 27.28 11210

10.173 -2.223 391.80 356.63 356.70 6945.0 28.43 10898

12.700 -2.223 403.26 370.55 370.62 6942.2 29.52 10620

2.540 2.197 348.15 313.21 313.26 6953.4 25.34 12038

5.080 2.223 363.98 327.18 327.24 6950.6 26.45 11691 7.620 2.223 378.94 341.54 341.60 6947.8 27.58 11359

10.147 2.223 391.13 355.77 355.84 6945.0 28.71 11051 12.713 2.223 402.78 369.73 369.81 6942.2 29.82 10767

7.607 -3.493 389.89 347.38 347.43 6947.8 24.67 9879

7.633 3.493 388.35 346.64 346.70 6947.8 25.08 10076

Uncertainties

PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Uh Wnu W/On1 K) K < X X %

0.661 8095 48.80 50.40 1.10 0.68 11.27 13.39 14.26 0.662 6589 39.15 41.24 1.10 0.88 11.27 6.20 7.91 0.662 5542 32.45 34.28 1.10 1.08 11.27 6.49 8.14 0.662 5241 30.27 32.00 1.10 1.38 11.27 6.90 8.48 0.662 5348 30.48 32.20 1.10 1.73 11.27 7.48 8.95 0.662 5357 30.12 31.80 1.10 2.11 11.27 8.19 9.55 0.662 5274 29.27 30.89 1.10 2.48 11.27 8.95 10.21 0.663 5146 28.19 29.75 1.10 2.78 11.27 9.48 10.68 0.663 5331 28.84 30.34 1.10 3.10 11.27 10.68 11.76 0.663 5340 28.54 29.95 1.10 3.42 11.27 11.88 12.85 0.663 5563 29.39 30.79 1.10 3.76 11.27 13.01 13.91 0.663 6432 33.55 35.04 1.10 4.13 11.27 14.60 15.41 0.663 7174 36.98 37.99 1.10 4.48 11.27 27.39 27.83 0.662 5241 30.61 32.42 1.10 1.08 11.27 6.31 8.00 0.662 4255 24.14 25.82 1.10 1.73 11.27 6.52 8.17 0.663 4850 26.74 28.33 1.10 2.48 11.27 8.40 9.73 0.663 5133 27.52 28.98 1.10 3.10 11.27 10.37 11.47 0.663 5464 28.56 29.92 1.10 3.76 11.27 12.81 13.72 0.662 5176 30.24 32.05 1.10 1.08 11.27 6.27 7.97 0.662 4944 28.07 29.76 1.10 f.73 11.27 7.11 8.65 0.663 4911 27.10 28.69 1.10 2.48 11.27 8.48 9.81 0.663 5109 27.44 28.91 1.10 3.09 11.27 10.31 11.42 0.663 5413 28.33 29.70 1.10 3.76 11.27 12.71 13.63 0.663 4319 23.56 25.10 1.10 2.48 11.27 7.74 9.17

0.663 4402 24.05 25.60 1.10 2.49 11.27 7.85 9.26

61
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 6

Date: 10 August 1990

Time: 14:36:47

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

298.61 358.80 28.62 6961.4 30.17 25.28 2482.0 1.56

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 339.50

2 .540 0.655 342.89

5 .080 0.655 352.57

7 .620 0.655 362.95

10 .160 0.655 370.69

12 .700 0.655 377.89

13 .653 0.655 382.00

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Uh Unu cm cm X K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K < X X X

0.000 -0.965 311.15 298.48 298.60 6961.4 37.81 19448 0.661 11560 69.68 71.29 1.10 0.59 11.27 15.08 15.86

1.270 -0.318 325.78 303.18 303.30 6958.9 38.40 19249 0.662 8845 52.78 54.91 1.10 0.69 11.27 7.14 8.67 2.527 -0.330 332.08 307.86 307.99 6956.4 38.99 19053 0.662 7474 44.16 46.04 1.10 0.81 11.27 7.25 8.76 3.810 -0.318 337.42 312.33 312.46 6953.9 39.55 18871 0.662 7062 41.33 43.12 1.10 1.00 11.27 7.51 8.98 5.080 -0.318 341.99 316.80 316.94 6951.4 40.11 18693 0.662 7221 41.87 43.67 1.10 1.23 11.27 7.97 9.36

6.363 -0.318 346.84 321.41 321.55 6948.8 40.69 18513 0.662 7236 41.56 43.34 1.10 1.48 11.27 8.54 9.86

7.620 -0.330 351.71 325.94 326.08 6946.3 41.26 18340 0.662 7128 40.56 42.29 1.10 1.74 11.27 9.18 10.41 8.903 -0.305 357.19 330.56 330.70 6943.8 41.84 18168 0.662 6882 38.81 40.50 1.10 1.95 11.27 9.54 10.73 10.160 -0.318 360.20 335.05 335.20 6941.3 42.41 18005 0.662 7180 40.13 41.76 1.10 2.16 11.27 10.70 11.78 11.430 -0.318 364.05 339.47 339.63 6938.8 42.97 17847 0.662 7132 39.51 41.06 1.10 2.39 11.27 11.71 12.70 12.700 -0.305 368.03 343.84 344.00 6936.3 43.52 17694 0.663 7394 40.62 42.17 1.10 2.62 11.27 12.68 13.60 13.970 -0.318 372.15 348.51 348.67 6933.8 44.10 17534 0.663 8338 45.40 47.07 1.10 2.88 11.27 13.81 14.66 15.240 -0.953 368.09 353.07 353.24 6931.3 44.68 17381 0.663 9141 49.34 50.48 1.10 3.12 11.27 25.67 26.14 2.527 -2.223 334.27 308.87 308.98 6956.4 35.41 17211 0.662 7120 41.98 43.84 1.10 0.81 11.27 7.04 8.59

5.080 -2.235 352.74 318.75 318.86 6951.4 36.53 16853 0.662 5340 30.84 32.61 1.10 1.23 11.27 6.62 8.25 7.607 -2.235 357.22 328.79 328.91 6946.4 37.67 16506 0.662 6452 36.51 38.21 1.10 1.74 11.27 8.51 9.83

10.173 -2.223 364.77 338.95 339.08 6941.3 38.82 16173 0.662 6986 38.74 40.34 1.10 2.16 11.27 10.47 11.57

12.700 -2.223 372.83 348.62 348.75 6936.3 39.92 15870 0.663 7377 40.16 41.67 1.10 2.62 11.27 12.66 13.58 2.540 2.197 334.57 308.65 308.77 6956.4 36.30 17666 0.662 6974 41.13 42.99 1.10 0.81 11.27 6.97 8.53

5.080 2.223 345.49 318.23 318.35 6951.4 37.42 17309 0.662 6666 38.54 40.32 1.10 1.23 11.27 7.55 9.01 7.620 2.223 355.79 328.07 328.20 6946.3 38.56 16960 0.662 6621 37.52 39.23 1.10 1.74 11.27 8.68 9.98

10.147 2.223 364.29 337.83 337.96 6941.3 39.70 16630 0.662 6819 37.90 39.51 1.10 2.16 11.27 10.25 11.37

12.713 2.223 372.51 347.39 347.53 6936.3 40.82 16320 0.663 7119 38.84 40.36 1.10 2.62 11.27 12.27 13.22 7.607 -3.493 367.14 333.95 334.04 6946.4 32.71 13972 0.662 5519 30.91 32.56 1.10 1.74 11.27 7.63 9.08

7.633 3.493 363.66 332.21 332.31 6946.3 34.33 14793 0.662 5827 32.75 34.42 1.10 1.74 11.27 7.93 9.33

62
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 6

Date: 10 August 1990

Time: 14:41:44

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K < kg/h kPa kPa X U X

298.58 340.38 40.98 6966.2 55.92 25.30 2467.0 1.98

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 331.19

2 .540 0.655 333.25

5 .080 0.655 339.95

7 .620 0.655 347.15

10 .160 0.655 352.33

12 .700 0.655 357.29

13 .653 0.655 360.51

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Uh Unu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K K X X X

0.000 -0.965 307.38 298.30 298.55 6966.2 54.89 28276 0.661 16335 98.49 100.13 1.10 0.55 11.27 17.98 18.64

1.270 -0.318 318.49 301.51 301.77 6961.6 55.49 28080 0.662 11818 70.78 72.95 1.10 0.58 11.27 8.63 9.93 2.527 -0.330 322.84 304.71 304.98 6957.0 56.10 27883 0.662 10018 59.59 61.51 1.10 0.64 11.27 8.52 9.84 3.810 -0.318 326.64 307.77 308.04 6952.3 56.68 27698 0.662 9416 55.64 57.49 1.10 0.75 11.27 8.58 9.89

5.080 -0.318 329.71 310.82 311.10 6947.6 57.26 27517 0.662 9661 56.72 58.59 1.10 0.90 11.27 8.92 10.19 6.363 -0.318 332.97 313.97 314.25 6942.9 57.86 27332 0.662 9714 56.66 58.52 1.10 1.06 11.27 9.37 10.58 7.620 -0.330 336.38 317.07 317.35 6938.3 58.45 27154 0.662 9545 55.32 57.15 1.10 1.23 11.27 9.83 11.00 8.903 -0.305 340.39 320.22 320.51 6933.6 59.05 26975 0.662 9114 52.48 54.27 1.10 1.38 11.27 9.99 11.13 10.160 -0.318 342.21 323.29 323.59 6929.0 59.64 26803 0.662 9584 54.84 56.58 1.10 1.52 11.27 11.13 12.16 11.430 -0.318 344.89 326.31 326.62 6924.3 60.22 26636 0.662 9477 53.90 55.57 1.10 1.68 11.27 11.99 12.96 12.700 -0.305 347.61 329.30 329.61 6919.6 60.79 26475 0.662 9809 55.45 57.13 1.10 1.84 11.27 12.83 13.75 13.970 -0.318 350.81 332.49 332.81 6915.0 61.40 26304 0.662 10807 60.70 62.52 1.10 2.03 11.27 13.55 14.42 15.240 -0.953 347.48 335.61 335.93 6910.3 62.00 26140 0.662 11680 65.21 66.47 1.10 2.20 11.27 24.82 25.30 2.527 -2.223 324.36 305.58 305.79 6957.0 50.01 24739 0.662 9637 57.21 59.12 1.10 0.64 11.27 8.30 9.65 5.080 -2.235 340.22 312.45 312.67 6947.6 51.16 24375 0.662 6528 38.20 40.03 1.10 0.90 11.27 6.93 8.50 7.607 -2.235 341.07 319.44 319.67 6938.3 52.33 24017 0.662 8487 48.95 50.75 1.10 1.23 11.27 8.99 10.25 10.173 -2.223 345.55 326.52 326.76 6928.9 53.53 23668 0.662 9494 53.97 55.68 1.10 1.53 11.27 11.05 12.09 12.700 -2.223 351.12 333.25 333.50 6919.6 54.67 23346 0.662 10022 56.21 57.85 1.10 1.84 11.27 13.08 13.97 2.540 2.197 324.69 305.30 305.53 6956.9 52.02 25772 0.662 9335 55.46 57.37 1.10 0.64 11.27 8.13 9.50 5.080 2.223 332.32 311.87 312.11 6947.6 53.17 25409 0.662 8898 52.13 53.98 1.10 0.90 11.27 8.41 9.75 7.620 2.223 339.42 318.63 318.87 6938.3 54.35 25048 0.662 8837 51.05 52.86 1.10 1.23 11.27 9.27 10.49 10.147 2.223 345.28 325.32 325.58 6929.0 55.53 24702 0.662 9057 51.61 53.33 1.10 1.52 11.27 10.62 11.70 12.713 2.223 351.01 331.88 332.15 6919.6 56.69 24374 0.662 9368 52.69 54.34 1.10 1.85 11.27 12.34 13.28 7.607 -3.493 350.68 324.30 324.46 6938.3 43.31 19391 0.662 6924 39.53 41.27 1.10 1.23 11.27 7.80 9.22 7.633 3.493 345.96 321.97 322.16 6938.2 47.35 21452 0.662 7628 43.76 45.52 1.10 1.24 11.27 8.34 9.68

63
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 7 Date: 9 August 1990

Time: 14:34:42

TA T8 M PO P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

299.11 665.42 9.27 6956.4 6.81 50.71 4898.0 1.04

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K

1.588 0.655 495.77

2.540 0.655 525.72

5.080 0.655 593.97

7.620 0.655 664.19

10.160 0.655 732.79

12.700 0.655 778.08

13.653 0.655 783.58

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Ure Uh Unu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m« K) X K X X X

0.000 -0.965 381.04 299.10 299.11 6956.4 11.87 6078 0.661 3495 21.04 24.04 1.10 1.99 11.27 11.61 12.61 1.270 -0.318 455.45 328.73 328.74 6955.8 13.00 5707 0.662 3096 17.52 20.96 1.10 3.19 11.27 4.82 6.89 2.527 -0.330 501.13 358.30 358.32 6955.3 14.14 5386 0.663 2488 13.30 16.00 1.10 4.21 11.27 5.33 7.26 3.810 -0.318 537.67 386.48 386.50 6954.7 15.22 5117 0.663 2300 11.69 14.02 1.10 5.61 11.27 5.82 7.62 5.080 -0.318 570.24 414.68 414.70 6954.1 16.30 4878 0.664 2295 11.12 13.25 1.19 7.16 11.27 6.36 8.04 6.363 -0.318 603.71 443.76 443.78 6953.6 17.42 4657 0.664 2257 10.45 12.38 1.32 8.77 11.27 7.01 8.56

7.620 -0.330 637.71 472.33 472.36 6953.0 18.51 4462 0.664 2180 9.67 11.41 1.46 10.38 11.27 7.65 9.10

8.903 -0.305 672.79 501.45 501.48 6952.4 19.63 4282 0.664 2099 8.94 10.51 1.60 11.65 11.27 8.10 9.47

10.160 -0.318 703.37 529.77 529.80 6951.9 20.72 4123 0.664 2041 8.37 9.78 1.72 12.97 11.27 8.71 10.00 11.430 -0.318 729.94 557.68 557.72 6951.3 21.79 3979 0.664 1996 7.90 9.16 1.83 14.34 11.27 9.51 10.71 12.700 -0.305 751.34 585.23 585.28 6950.7 22.85 3849 0.665 2111 8.08 9.27 1.91 15.75 11.27 10.53 11.62 13.970 -0.318 758.92 614.70 614.74 6950.2 23.98 3720 0.665 2679 9.91 11.13 1.94 17.33 11.27 12.76 13.68 15.240 -0.953 728.54 643.47 643.53 6949.6 25.09 3603 0.665 3151 11.30 12.10 1.82 18.77 11.27 25.55 26.02 2.527 -2.223 517.10 362.92 362.93 6955.3 13.28 4953 0.663 2304 12.21 14.83 1.10 4.21 11.27 5.21 7.16 5.080 -2.235 592.53 423.69 423.71 6954.1 15.44 4459 0.664 2115 10.10 12.15 1.28 7.16 11.27 6.10 7.84 7.607 -2.235 663.79 485.52 485.55 6953.0 17.64 4062 0.664 2022 8.80 10.45 1.56 10.36 11.27 7.27 8.78

10.173 -2.223 722.25 548.07 548.10 6951.9 19.87 3736 0.664 2033 8.15 9.49 1.80 12.99 11.27 8.70 9.99

12.700 -2.223 771.36 607.55 607.59 6950.7 21.99 3479 0.665 2141 7.99 9.11 1.99 15.75 11.27 10.66 11.74 2.540 2.197 509.39 361.72 361.74 6955.3 13.56 5084 0.663 2404 12.77 15.42 1.10 4.22 11.27 5.28 7.22 5.080 2.223 580.47 420.76 420.78 6954.1 15.71 4588 0.664 2236 10.73 12.81 1.23 7.16 11.27 6.27 7.97

7.620 2.223 655.52 481.44 481.47 6953.0 17.92 4184 0.664 2071 9.07 10.75 1.53 10.38 11.27 7.40 8.88

10.147 2.223 722.61 541.59 541.63 6951.9 20.11 3858 0.664 1958 7.91 9.27 1.80 12.96 11.27 8.44 9.77

12.713 2.223 767.47 600.59 600.63 6950.7 22.27 3591 0.665 2103 7.91 9.05 1.98 15.77 11.27 10.50 11.60 7.607 -3.493 685.30 496.52 496.54 6953.0 17.03 3777 0.664 1910 8.19 9.78 1.65 10.36 11.27 7.02 8.57

7.633 3.493 683.69 496.03 496.05 6953.0 17.11 3802 0.664 1921 8.24 9.83 1.64 10.39 11.27 7.06 8.60

64
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 7 Date: 9 August 1990

Time: 14:42:56

TA TB H P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X W X

299.44 521.66 15.90 6950.9 14.27 50.78 5094.0 1.07

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 426.44

2.540 0.655 441.36

5.080 0.655 477.89

7.620 0.655 517.14

10.160 0.655 545.65

12.700 0.655 570.98

13.653 0.655 584.19

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Utf Ure Uh Unu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* X) < K X X X

0.000 -0.965 345.77 299.40 299.44 6950.9 20.58 10515 0.662 6429 38.68 41.87 1.10 1.27 11.27 11.84 12.82 1.270 -0.318 392.93 317.21 317.25 6949.7 21.76 10118 0.662 5392 31.24 35.14 1.10 1.97 11.27 5.01 7.02 2.527 -0.330 417.38 334.97 335.02 6948.5 22.94 9755 0.662 4487 25.08 28.31 1.10 2.57 11.27 5.55 7.42 3.810 -0.318 436.77 351.91 351.96 6947.3 24.07 9436 0.663 4264 23.07 25.98 1.10 3.42 11.27 6.13 7.86 5.080 -0.318 454.27 368.85 368.90 6946.1 25.20 9142 0.663 4350 22.81 25.58 1.10 4.35 11.27 6.81 8.40 6.363 -0.318 472.43 386.32 386.37 6944.9 26.37 8860 0.663 4363 22.18 24.78 1.10 5.33 11.27 7.64 9.09

7.620 -0.330 490.79 403.49 403.55 6943.7 27.51 8602 0.663 4297 21.21 23.62 1.10 6.30 11.27 8.50 9.82 8.903 -0.305 509.12 420.98 421.05 6942.5 28.68 8356 0.664 4247 20.37 22.62 1.10 7.07 11.27 9.19 10.43

10.160 -0.318 521.69 437.99 438.07 6941.4 29.82 8133 0.664 4406 20.58 22.66 1.10 7.88 11.27 10.46 11.56 11.430 -0.318 534.64 454.76 454.85 6940.2 30.93 7927 0.664 4481 20.40 22.30 1.10 8.70 11.27 11.87 12.85 12.700 -0.305 548.83 471.32 471.40 6939.0 32.04 7735 0.664 4709 20.92 22.75 1.10 9.56 11.27 13.20 14.08 13.970 -0.318 561.58 489.02 489.11 6937.8 33.22 7541 0.664 5543 24.02 25.92 1.15 10.52 11.27 15.16 15.94 15.240 -0.953 550.64 506.31 506.41 6936.6 34.38 7363 0.664 6300 26.65 27.91 1.11 11.39 11.27 28.82 29.24 2.527 -2.223 426.43 337.51 337.55 6948.5 21.58 9061 0.662 4158 23.12 26.29 1.10 2.57 11.27 5.40 7.31 5.080 -2.235 470.79 373.79 373.84 6946.1 23.84 8458 0.663 3830 19.90 22.59 1.10 4.35 11.27 6.34 8.02 7.607 -2.235 504.23 410.71 410.76 6943.8 26.13 7934 0.664 4011 19.56 21.90 1.10 6.29 11.27 8.07 9.45

10.173 -2.223 537.34 448.05 448.11 6941.3 28.46 7476 0.664 4128 18.99 20.99 1.10 7.88 11.27 9.93 11.08

12.700 -2.223 564.69 483.56 483.64 6939.0 30.67 7095 0.664 4499 19.64 21.39 1.17 9.56 11.27 12.68 13.60 2.540 2.197 425.17 337.79 337.83 6948.5 21.54 9033 0.662 4228 23.50 26.67 1.10 2.58 11.27 5.44 7.33 5.080 2.223 465.13 373.98 374.03 6946.1 23.79 8434 0.663 4076 21.17 23.87 1.10 4.35 11.27 6.56 8.20

7.620 2.223 504.92 411.18 411.24 6943.7 26.10 7908 0.664 4002 19.50 21.83 1.10 6.30 11.27 8.07 9.45 10.147 2.223 533.47 448.05 448.12 6941.4 28.39 7457 0.664 4318 19.86 21.86 1.10 7.87 11.27 10.28 11.40 12.713 2.223 562.00 484.21 484.29 6939.0 30.64 7071 0.664 4696 20.48 22.23 1.15 9.57 11.27 13.17 14.06 7.607 -3.493 518.68 418.56 418.61 6943.8 24.87 7317 0.664 3747 18.04 20.30 1.10 6.29 11.27 7.69 9.13

7.633 3.493 525.98 422.77 422.82 6943.7 24.34 7043 0.664 3634 17.38 19.60 1.10 6.31 11.27 7.55 9.01

65
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 7 Date: 9 August 1990

Time: 14:49:58

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

299.11 460.12 21.95 6963.6 23.25 50.80 5095.0 1.11

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 400..02 2 .540 0.655 410..01

5 .080 0.655 436..21 7 .620 0.655 464..28 10 .160 0.655 485.,08 12 .700 0.655 504. 25

13 .653 0.655 514. 57

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Uh Wnu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s U/(m‘ K) K K X X X 0.000 -0.965 332.73 299.03 299.10 6963.6 28.60 14669 0.661 8856 53.32 56.55 1.10 0.99 11.27 12.10 13.06

1.270 -0.318 369.50 311.80 311.87 6961.7 29.78 14267 0.662 7081 41.49 45.55 1.10 1.46 11.27 5.14 7.11 2.527 -0.330 386.89 324.54 324.62 6959.7 30.97 13890 0.662 5935 33.87 37.31 1.10 1.89 11.27 5.62 7.47 3.810 -0.318 400.76 336.69 336.77 6957.8 32.10 13552 0.662 5652 31.48 34.65 1.10 2.49 11.27 6.15 7.88 5.080 -0.318 413.28 348.84 348.93 6955.8 33.23 13232 0.663 5771 31.40 34.47 1.10 3.16 11.27 6.78 8.37 6.363 -0.318 426.37 361.37 361.47 6953.9 34.40 12921 0.663 5786 30.75 33.68 1.10 3.87 11.27 7.54 9.00

7.620 -0.330 439.47 373.68 373.79 6952.0 35.55 12632 0.663 5708 29.67 32.44 1.10 4.57 11.27 8.35 9.70 8.903 -0.305 452.88 386.23 386.34 6950.0 36.72 12352 0.663 5622 28.58 31.20 1.10 5.13 11.27 8.99 10.25 10.160 -0.318 462.02 398.43 398.55 6948.1 37.86 12094 0.663 5805 28.90 31.35 1.10 5.71 11.27 10.15 11.28 11.430 -0.318 472.04 410.46 410.59 6946.2 38.99 11852 0.664 5818 28.39 30.66 1.10 6.31 11.27 11.35 12.37

12.700 -0.305 482.65 422.33 422.47 6944.2 40.10 11623 0.664 6059 29.00 31.21 1.10 6.93 11.27 12.48 13.42 13.970 -0.318 492.82 435.03 435.17 6942.3 41.28 11391 0.664 6968 32.69 35.01 1.10 7.63 11.27 13.98 14.82 15.240 -0.953 483.54 447.43 447.58 6940.3 42.44 11174 0.664 7748 35.66 37.22 1.10 8.26 11.27 26.42 26.88 2.527 -2.223 393.63 326.71 326.78 6959.7 28.74 12750 0.662 5528 31.41 34.80 1.10 1.89 11.27 5.48 7.36 5.080 -2.235 429.41 353.06 353.14 6955.8 31.00 12102 0.663 4870 26.28 29.27 1.10 3.16 11.27 6.17 7.90 7.607 -2.235 451.22 379.87 379.97 6952.0 33.31 11518 0.663 5262 27.05 29.74 1.10 4.57 11.27 7.87 9.28

10.173 -2.223 474.54 406.99 4Q7.10 6948.1 35.64 10991 0.663 5462 26.81 29.17 1.10 5.72 11.27 9.68 10.86 12.700 -2.223 495.69 432.78 432.90 6944.2 37.86 10540 0.664 5807 27.34 29.46 1.10 6.93 11.27 12.03 13.00 2.540 2.197 393.15 326.54 326.61 6959.7 29.05 12897 0.662 5550 31.55 34.94 1.10 1.89 11.27 5.49 7.37 5.080 2.223 422.10 352.46 352.55 6955.8 31.30 12251 0.663 5340 28.85 31.86 1.10 3.16 11.27 6.48 8.14

7.620 2.223 449.66 379.11 379.21 6952.0 33.61 11662 0.663 5322 27.39 30.09 1.10 4.57 11.27 7.94 9.34

10.147 2.223 472.36 405.53 405.64 6948.1 35.91 11141 0.663 5524 27.17 29.55 1.10 5.71 11.27 9.74 10.92 12.713 2.223 493.80 431.43 431.55 6944.2 38.17 10681 0.664 5863 27.66 29.79 1.10 6.94 11.27 12.13 13.09 7.607 -3.493 467.61 388.59 388.67 6952.0 30.74 10240 0.663 4750 24.05 26.63 1.10 4.57 11.27 7.34 8.84 7.633 3.493 467.88 388.92 389.00 6951.9 30.76 10232 0.663 4753 24.05 26.62 1.10 4.58 11.27 7.36 8.85

66
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 7

Date: 9 August 1990

Time: 14:56:11

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

299.45 412.15 31.35 6951.1 40.17 50.81 5092.0 1.20

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 379.09

2 .540 0.655 385.42

5 .080 0.655 403.69

7 .620 0.655 423.38

10 .160 0.655 437.96

12 .700 0.655 451.40

13 .653 0.655 459.46

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Ure Wh Unu cm cm X K X kPa m/s W/(m* X) X X X X X

0.000 -0.965 323.05 299.29 299.43 6951.1 41.47 21205 0.662 12609 75.88 79.14 1.10 0.78 11.27 12.64 13.57

1.270 -0.318 351.15 308.11 308.26 6947.7 42.67 20800 0.662 9511 56.16 60.35 1.10 1.07 11.27 5.42 7.32 2.527 -0.330 363.15 316.91 317.07 6944.4 43.87 20412 0.662 8017 46.48 50.10 1.10 1.36 11.27 5.82 7.62 3.810 -0.318 372.95 325.30 325.47 6941.0 45.01 20059 0.662 7615 43.39 46.78 1.10 1.77 11.27 6.25 7.96 5.080 -0.318 381.62 333.69 333.87 6937.7 46.16 19719 0.662 7775 43.57 46.91 1.10 2.23 11.27 6.79 8.39

6.363 -0.318 390.69 342.35 342.54 6934.3 47.34 19383 0.663 7796 42.95 46.19 1.10 2.72 11.27 7.47 8.94 7.620 -0.330 399.78 350.86 351.05 6931.0 48.51 19065 0.663 7691 41.69 44.79 1.10 3.21 11.27 8.20 9.56 8.903 -0.305 409.77 359.52 359.73 6927.6 49.69 18754 0.663 7473 39.85 42.82 1.10 3.60 11.27 8.68 9.98

10.160 -0.318 415.69 367.95 368.17 6924.3 50.85 18462 0.663 7750 40.70 43.52 1.10 4.01 11.27 9.79 10.95 11.430 -0.318 422.89 376.26 376.49 6921.0 51.99 18186 0.663 7702 39.85 42.49 1.10 4.43 11.27 10.81 11.88

12.700 -0.305 430.33 384.46 384.70 6917.6 53.12 17922 0.663 7987 40.73 43.33 1.10 4.86 11.27 11.80 12.79

13.970 -0.318 438.35 393.23 393.48 6914.3 54.32 17650 0.663 8950 44.96 47.73 1.10 5.35 11.27 12.85 13.76

15.240 -0.953 430.53 401.80 402.05 6910.9 55.50 17393 0.663 9780 48.42 50.30 1.10 5.79 11.27 24.29 24.78 2.527 -2.223 367.92 318.68 318.82 6944.4 40.14 18509 0.662 7523 43.45 47.02 1.10 1.36 11.27 5.67 7.51 5.080 -2.235 396.88 337.13 337.28 6937.7 42.43 17824 0.662 6229 34.67 37.93 1.10 2.23 11.27 6.04 7.79 7.607 -2.235 409.60 355.89 356.06 6931.0 44.76 17186 0.663 6999 37.58 40.60 1.10 3.20 11.27 7.67 9.11 10.173 -2.223 425.03 374.87 375.05 6924.3 47.13 16593 0.663 7368 38.21 40.94 1.10 4.01 11.27 9.41 10.62 12.700 -2.223 440.17 392.92 393.12 6917.6 49.38 16073 0.663 7747 38.93 41.44 1.10 4.86 11.27 11.50 12.51 2.540 2.197 368.06 318.41 318.55 6944.4 40.86 18868 0.662 7456 43.09 46.66 1.10 1.36 11.27 5.66 7.50 5.080 2.223 388.47 336.42 336.58 6937.7 43.14 18185 0.662 7153 39.87 43.15 1.10 2.23 11.27 6.48 8.14 7.620 2.223 407.66 354.93 355.11 6931.0 45.49 17541 0.663 7132 38.36 41.40 1.10 3.21 11.27 7.77 9.20

10.147 2.223 423.98 373.28 373.47 6924.3 47.81 16954 0.663 7294 37.94 40.69 1.10 4.00 11.27 9.32 10.54 12.713 2.223 439.25 391.27 391.48 6917.6 50.10 16421 0.663 7637 38.49 41.02 1.10 4.87 11.27 11.36 12.38 7.607 -3.493 425.51 364.10 364.23 6931.0 39.99 14790 0.663 6116 32.34 35.23 1.10 3.20 11.27 7.02 8.57

7.633 3.493 423.16 363.01 363.15 6931.0 40.69 15122 0.663 6246 33.09 36.00 1.10 3.21 11.27 7.12 8.66

67
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 7

Date: 9 August 1990

Time: 15:01:22

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

298.73 385.01 40.86 6972.9 61.06 50.85 5080.0 1.31

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 366.17

2.540 0.655 370.55

5.080 0.655 384.48

7.620 0.655 399.61

10.160 0.655 410.57

12.700 0.655 420.71

13.653 0.655 427.46

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Oata:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE cm cm K K K kPa m/s

0.000 -0.965 316.89 298.45 298.70 6972.9 54.24 27946

1.270 -0.318 339.79 305.14 305.40 6967.8 55.45 27540

2.527 -0.330 348.89 311.81 312.08 6962.8 56.67 27146

3.810 -0.318 356.51 318.17 318.45 6957.6 57.83 26783

5.080 -0.318 363.07 324.53 324.82 6952.5 58.99 26430

6.363 -0.318 369.87 331.08 331.39 6947.4 60.18 26078

7.620 -0.330 376.81 337.53 337.85 6942.4 61.36 25743

8.903 -0.305 384.88 344.10 344.43 6937.2 62.57 25412

10.160 -0.318 388.96 350.49 350.83 6932.2 63.74 25099

11.430 -0.318 394.57 356.78 357.14 6927.1 64.90 24800

12.700 -0.305 400.15 362.99 363.36 6922.0 66.04 24512

13.970 -0.318 406.79 369.64 370.02 6916.9 67.26 24214

15.240 -0.953 399.98 376.13 376.52 6911.8 68.46 23930

2.527 -2.223 352.45 313.33 313.55 6962.8 51.32 24390

5.080 -2.235 377.55 327.44 327.68 6952.5 53.63 23682

7.607 -2.235 385.29 341.80 342.06 6942.4 55.99 23009

10.173 -2.223 396.26 356.32 356.61 6932.1 58.38 22373

12.700 -2.223 407.93 370.13 370.44 6922.0 60.67 21806

2.540 2.197 352.95 313.04 313.27 6962.7 52.52 24998

5.080 2.223 368.70 326.74 326.99 6952.5 54.82 24291 7.620 2.223 383.30 340.83 341.11 6942.4 57.19 23613

10.147 2.223 395.84 354.80 355.09 6932.2 59.55 22983

12.713 2.223 407.50 368.49 368.81 6922.0 61.87 22403

7.607 -3.493 400.25 349.36 349.56 6942.4 48.77 19334 7.633 3.493 396.87 347.76 347.97 6942.3 50.29 20086

Uncertainties

PR h NU NUm Utw Utf Wre Wh Unu

U/(m« K) K K X X X

0.661 16325 98.40 101.70 1.10 0.68 11.27 13.34 14.22 0.662 11832 70.31 74.59 1.10 0.87 11.27 5.79 7.60 0.662 10011 58.65 62.39 1.10 1.07 11.27 6.10 7.84 0.662 9474 54.78 58.32 1.10 1.38 11.27 6.45 8.11 0.662 9681 55.25 58.77 1.10 1.72 11.27 6.92 8.49 0.662 9731 54.81 58.25 1.10 2.09 11.27 7.53 9.00 0.662 9595 53.36 56.69 1.10 2.47 11.27 8.19 9.55 0.663 9222 50.64 53.86 1.10 2.77 11.27 8.55 9.87 0.663 9635 52.26 55.34 1.10 3.08 11.27 9.64 10.83 0.663 9523 51.05 53.96 1.10 3.40 11.27 10.56 11.65 0.663 9883 52.37 55.25 1.10 3.73 11.27 11.49 12.50 0.663 10893 57.03 60.11 1.10 4.11 11.27 12.28 13.23 0.663 11844 61.29 63.40 1.10 4.45 11.27 23.29 23.81 0.662 9473 55.33 59.03 1.10 1.07 11.27 5.95 7.72 0.662 7425 42.13 45.56 1.10 1.72 11.27 6.01 7.77 0.663 8650 47.70 50.95 1.10 2.46 11.27 7.61 9.06 0.663 9264 49.70 52.69 1.10 3.08 11.27 9.36 10.58 0.663 9700 50.74 53.53 1.10 3.73 11.27 11.31 12.33 0.662 9278 54.22 57.92 1.10 1.08 11.27 5.90 7.68 0.662 8879 50.45 53.92 1.10 1.72 11.27 6.58 8.22 0.663 8861 48.96 52.23 1.10 2.47 11.27 7.75 9.18 0.663 9019 48.53 51.54 1.10 3.07 11.27 9.15 10.39 0.663 9406 49.35 52.16 1.10 3.73 11.27 11.02 12.07 0.663 7376 40.09 43.20 1.10 2.46 11.27 6.88 8.46 0.663 7645 41.68 44.82 1.10 2.47 11.27 7.04 8.59

68
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 8 Date: 13 August 1990

Time: 15:46:12

TA TB M PO P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

296.57 676.53 13.84 6984.0 13.66 76.15 7579.0 1.04

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 513.79

2 .540 0.655 542.00

5 .080 0.655 607.21

7 .620 0.655 677.95

10 .160 0.655 737.99

12 .700 0.655 762.47

13 .653 0.655 784.03

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR cm cm K K K kPa m/s

0.000 -0.965 377.50 296.54 296.56 6984.0 17.65 9201 0.661

1.270 -0.318 459.61 326.99 327.02 6982.8 19.40 8622 0.662

2.527 -0.330 504.26 357.39 357.42 6981.7 21.15 8122 0.663

3.810 -0.318 537.86 386.36 386.40 6980.6 22.82 7704 0.663

5.080 -0.318 568.43 415.33 415.38 6979.4 24.49 7335 0.664

6.363 -0.318 600.29 445.22 445.28 6978.3 26.21 6995 0.664

7.620 -0.330 633.84 474.59 474.66 6977.1 27.91 6695 0.664

8.903 -0.305 668.24 504.51 504.59 6976.0 29.63 6419 0.664

10.160 -0.318 694.02 533.62 533.70 6974.9 31.31 6176 0.664

11.430 -0.318 712.80 562.31 562.40 6973.7 32.97 5956 0.664

12.700 -0.305 731.82 590.63 590.73 6972.6 34.60 5757 0.665

13.970 -0.318 751.17 620.91 621.02 6971.5 36.35 5560 0.665

15.240 -0.953 732.40 650.48 650.60 6970.3 38.06 5383 0.665 2.527 -2.223 520.76 361.39 361.42 6981.7 20.07 7565 0.663

5.080 -2.235 593.98 423.13 423.18 6979.4 23.40 6796 0.664

7.607 -2.235 655.67 485.96 486.02 6977.2 26.80 6182 0.664

10.173 -2.223 718.38 549.51 549.58 6974.9 30.24 5679 0.664

12.700 -2.223 753.05 609.94 610.03 6972.6 33.51 5283 0.665

2.540 2.197 517.19 363.06 363.09 6981.7 19.75 7387 0.663

5.080 2.223 585.97 425.77 425.81 6979.4 23.07 6630 0.664

7.620 2.223 663.44 490.23 490.29 6977.1 26.48 6019 0.664

10.147 2.223 717.93 554.12 554.20 6974.9 29.87 5531 0.664

12.713 2.223 751.76 616.78 616.87 6972.6 33.19 5136 0.665

7.607 -3.493 670.86 493.97 494.03 6977.2 26.13 5864 0.664

7.633 3.493 701.26 510.41 510.46 6977.1 24.99 5311 0.664

Unc ertaint les

h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Wre Uh Unu

W/(m* K) K X X X X

5475 33.13 37.83 1.10 2.06 11.27 11.63 12.63 4579 26.00 31.35 1.10 3.30 11.27 4.80 6.88

3744 20.05 24.23 1.10 4.36 11.27 5.34 7.26 3553 18.05 21.65 1.10 5.82 11.27 5.90 7.68 3610 17.47 20.76 1.18 7.42 11.27 6.54 8.19 3604 16.64 19.61 1.31 9.10 11.27 7.31 8.81 3504 15.49 18.16 1.44 10.77 11.27 8.06 9.44

3401 14.42 16.83 1.58 12.08 11.27 8.60 9.90 3419 13.95 16.12 1.68 13.46 11.27 9.51 10.71 3537 13.92 15.86 1.76 14.87 11.27 10.91 11.97 3845 14.63 16.46 1.84 16.34 11.27 12.46 13.40 4592 16.88 18.74 1.91 17.98 11.27 14.47 15.29 5068 18.04 19.26 1.84 19.47 11.27 27.06 27.51 3450 18.34 22.42 1.10 4.36 11.27 5.21 7.17

3235 15.46 18.63 1.28 7.42 11.27 6.17 7.90 3288 14.31 16.87 1.53 10.75 11.27 7.70 9.14 3247 12.98 15.04 1.78 13.47 11.27 9.15 10.39 3793 14.12 15.86 1.92 16.34 11.27 12.32 13.27

3565 18.89 22.95 1.10 4.38 11.27 5.27 7.21 3450 16.42 19.57 1.25 7.42 11.27 6.38 8.06

3221 13.93 16.45 1.56 10.77 11.27 7.60 9.06 3349 13.32 15.36 1.78 13.44 11.27 9.36 10.57 4025 14.86 16.57 1.91 16.35 11.27 12.98 13.89 3154 13.57 16.06 1.59 10.75 11.27 7.49 8.96

2923 12.30 14.65 1.71 10.78 11.27 7.15 8.68

69
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 8

Date: 13 August 1990

Time: 15:53:27

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

296.56 585.58 18.46 6984.7 20.05 76.24 7690.0 1.05

Hot-side Temperatures:

X r Tw cm cm K 1.588 0.655 470.10

2.540 0.655 489.31 5.080 0.655 536.85

7.620 0.655 588.64

10.160 0.655 625.27

12.700 0.655 657.67

13.653 0.655 676.21

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE cm cm K K K kPa m/s 0.000 -0.965 356.84 296.51 296.55 6984.7 23.68 12352

1.270 -0.318 421.22 319.52 319.58 6983.1 25.47 11755 2.527 -0.330 453.37 342.49 342.56 6981.4 27.25 11220 3.810 -0.318 478.03 364.39 364.46 6979.7 28.94 10761 5.080 -0.318 500.33 386.29 386.36 6978.1 30.64 10344 6.363 -0.318 523.56 408.87 408.96 6976.4 32.39 9952

7.620 -0.330 547.12 431.07 431.17 6974.7 34.11 9600

8.903 -0.305 570.50 453.68 453.79 6973.0 35.87 9270

10.160 -0.318 586.54 475.68 475.80 6971.4 37.58 8973

11.430 -0.318 603.05 497.36 497.49 6969.7 39.26 8703

12.700 -0.305 621.98 518.76 518.91 6968.0 40.92 8454

13.970 -0.318 640.34 541.65 541.80 6966.4 42.70 8205

15.240 -0.953 624.89 564.00 564.16 6964.7 44.44 7979 2.527 -2.223 466.21 345.77 345.82 6981 .4 25.68 10409 5.080 -2.235 521.61 392.67 392.74 6978.1 29.07 9552

7.607 -2.235 564.69 440.39 440.48 6974.7 32.52 8833

10.173 -2.223 607.22 488.66 488.77 6971.4 36.02 8225

12.700 -2.223 643.41 534.56 534.69 6968.0 39.35 7732 2.540 2.197 464.77 346.66 346.72 6981.4 25.41 10256

5.080 2.223 516.06 393.94 394.01 6978.1 28.78 9407

7.620 2.223 568.43 442.53 442.62 6974.7 32.25 8690

10.147 2.223 604.85 490.70 490.80 6971.4 35.70 8095

12.713 2.223 643.13 537.93 538.06 6968.0 39.08 7598 7.607 -3.493 584.31 450.92 451.00 6974.7 31.01 8099

7.633 3.493 600.74 460.07 460.14 6974.7 29.97 7568

Uncertainties

PR h NU NUm Wtw Wtf Wre Uh Wnu

W/(m‘ K) K K X X X

0.661 7458 45.13 49.97 1.10 1.60 11.27 11.72 12.71 0.662 6060 34.94 40.67 1.10 2.53 11.27 4.86 6.91 0.663 5034 27.72 32.34 1.10 3.33 11.27 5.40 7.31 0.663 4807 25.41 29.50 1.10 4.43 11.27 5.98 7.74 0.663 4919 25.00 28.82 1.10 5.65 11.27 6.65 8.27 0.664 4947 24.20 27.73 1.10 6.93 11.27 7.47 8.94 0.664 4881 23.04 26.27 1.10 8.19 11.27 8.32 9.66 0.664 4839 22.06 25.02 1.19 9.19 11.27 9.03 10.28 0.664 5023 22.18 24.89 1.25 10.24 11.27 10.28 11.40 0.664 5113 21.90 24.35 1.32 11.31 11.27 11.68 12.68 0.664 5340 22.22 24.55 1.39 12.43 11.27 12.92 13.82 0.664 6154 24.86 27.26 1.47 13.68 11.27 14.54 15.35 0.665 6927 27.21 28.79 1.41 14.81 11.27 27.59 28.03 0.663 4634 25.36 29.89 1.10 3.33 11.27 5.26 7.20 0.663 4350 21.87 25.57 1.10 5.65 11.27 6.22 7.93 0.664 4557 21.20 24.31 1.17 8.18 11.27 7.91 9.32 0.664 4694 20.35 22.93 1.34 10.25 11.27 9.75 10.92 0.664 5063 20.64 22.85 1.48 12.43 11.27 12.34 13.28 0.663 4722 25.80 30.31 1.10 3.34 11.27 5.30 7.23 0.663 4593 23.04 26.73 1.10 5.65 11.27 6.40 8.07

0.664 4499 20.86 23.94 1.18 8.19 11.27 7.85 9.27

0.664 4878 21.09 23.66 1.33 10.23 11.27 10.04 11.18 0.664 5243 21.28 23.48 1.48 12.44 11.27 12.72 13.64 0.664 4246 19.44 22.42 1.25 8.18 11.27 7.54 9.01 0.664 4026 18.18 21.05 1.31 8.20 11.27 7.30 8.80

70
Table 3 (continued)

Charnel Specimen

Experiment 8

Date: 13 August 1990

Time: 15:59:43

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

296.23 507.94 25.23 6985.1 30.76 76.28 7699.0 1.07

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw cm cm K

1 .588 0.655 435.27

2 .540 0.655 448.08

5 .080 0.655 482.55

7 .620 0.655 519.60

10 .160 0.655 546.40

12 .700 0.655 571.06

13 .653 0.655 585.94

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Ure Uh Unu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K K X X X

0.000 -0.965 340.54 296.13 296.22 6985.1 32.61 17040 0.661 10157 61.51 66.42 1.10 1.22 11.27 11.87 12.85 1.270 -0.318 390.88 312.84 312.94 6982.6 34.40 16434 0.662 7913 46.26 52.29 1.10 1.88 11.27 4.91 6.95 2.527 -0.330 413.84 329.52 329.63 6980.0 36.18 15872 0.662 6632 37.47 42.47 1.10 2.46 11.27 5.43 7.33 3.810 -0.318 431.86 345.42 345.54 6977.4 37.89 15378 0.663 6332 34.68 39.21 1.10 3.26 11.27 5.96 7.73 5.080 -0.318 447.99 361.32 361.45 6974.9 39.60 14918 0.663 6485 34.47 38.80 1.10 4.15 11.27 6.58 8.22 6.363 -0.318 464.90 377.72 377.86 6972.3 41.36 14477 0.663 6521 33.64 37.71 1.10 5.08 11.27 7.35 8.84 7.620 -0.330 481.80 393.83 393.99 6969.8 43.09 14072 0.663 6453 32.37 36.17 1.10 6.01 11.27 8.17 9.54

8.903 -0.305 499.16 410.25 410.42 6967.2 44.85 13687 0.664 6371 31.10 34.64 1.10 6.74 11.27 8.82 10.10

10.160 -0.318 510.87 426.22 426.41 6964.6 46.57 13335 0.664 6593 31.36 34.65 1.10 7.50 11.27 9.98 11.13 11.430 -0.318 523.60 441.96 442.16 6962.1 48.27 13009 0.664 6634 30.79 33.80 1.10 8.29 11.27 11.20 12.24 12.700 -0.305 537.39 457.50 457.71 6959.5 49.94 12705 0.664 6916 31.36 34.26 1.10 9.11 11.27 12.34 13.28

13.970 -0.318 551.67 474.12 474.34 6956.9 51.73 12398 0.664 7851 34.74 37.76 1.11 10.02 11.27 13.66 14.52

15.240 -0.953 538.61 490.34 490.58 6954.4 53.48 12114 0.664 8769 37.92 39.93 1.10 10.86 11.27 26.02 26.48 2.527 -2.223 423.34 332.37 332.47 6980.0 33.63 14546 0.662 6146 34.53 39.44 1.10 2.46 11.27 5.29 7.23 5.080 -2.235 468.95 366.87 366.99 6974.9 37.04 13610 0.663 5504 28.96 33.15 1.10 4.15 11.27 6.04 7.79 7.607 -2.235 497.40 401.97 402.11 6969.8 40.51 12792 0.663 5947 29.43 33.09 1.10 5.99 11.27 7.70 9.14

10.173 -2.223 527.23 437.48 437.64 6964.6 44.03 12075 0.664 6214 29.04 32.18 1.10 7.51 11.27 9.53 10.73 12.700 -2.223 554.72 471.23 471 .42 6959.5 47.38 11475 0.664 6616 29.40 32.16 1.13 9.11 11.27 11.88 12.86 2.540 2.197 423.07 332.44 332.53 6980.0 33.74 14589 0.662 6164 34.63 39.54 1.10 2.46 11.27 5.30 7.24 5.080 2.223 460.80 366.65 366.77 6974.9 37.13 13657 0.663 5969 31.42 35.63 1.10 4.15 11.27 6.29 7.99

7.620 2.223 496.94 401.83 401.97 6969.8 40.63 12835 0.663 5966 29.53 33.19 1.10 6.01 11.27 7.73 9.16

10.147 2.223 526.16 436.69 436.85 6964.6 44.09 12127 0.664 6237 29.18 32.33 1.10 7.50 11.27 9.54 10.73 12.713 2.223 554.40 470.87 471.06 6959.5 47.49 11517 0.664 6618 29.42 32.18 1.13 9.12 11.27 11.88 12.86 7.607 -3.493 519.05 413.38 413.50 6969.8 37.59 11332 0.664 5369 26.07 29.55 1.10 5.99 11.27 7.20 8.72 7.633 3.493 523.50 415.97 416.09 6969.7 37.13 11078 0.664 5275 25.51 28.95 1.10 6.01 11.27 7.13 8.66

71
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 8

Date: 13 August 1990

Time: 16:05:21

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

296.08 459.15 32.68 6987.0 44.67 76.33 7682.0 1.11

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 413.10

2.540 0.655 422.19

5.080 0.655 448.85

7.620 0.655 477.41

10.160 0.655 498.13

12.700 0.655 517.01

13.653 0.655 529.13

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUnt Utw Utf Wre Uh Wnu

cm cm X K K kPa m/s W/(m* K) K K X X X 0.000 -0.965 330.45 295.91 296.06 6987.0 42.61 22299 0.661 13060 79.13 84.08 1.10 0.99 11.27 12.07 13.04 1.270 -0.318 371.63 308.65 308.82 6983.3 44.40 21689 0.662 9796 57.78 63.99 1.10 1.48 11.27 4.99 7.01 2.527 -0.330 389.15 321.37 321.55 6979.6 46.19 21111 0.662 8244 47.35 52.61 1.10 1.91 11.27 5.47 7.36 3.810 -0.318 403.17 333.49 333.69 6975.8 47.91 20594 0.662 7849 43.99 48.83 1.10 2.52 11.27 5.95 7.72 5.080 -0.318 415.59 345.62 345.82 6972.1 49.62 20106 0.663 8027 43.94 48.63 1.10 3.20 11.27 6.51 8.16

6.363 -0.318 428.60 358.12 358.34 6968.3 51.39 19630 0.663 8061 43.10 47.58 1.10 3.92 11.27 7.21 8.73 7.620 -0.330 441.64 370.41 370.65 6964.6 53.13 19187 0.663 7964 41.63 45.86 1.10 4.63 11.27 7.97 9.36

8.903 -0.305 455.62 382.93 383.18 6960.9 54.90 18760 0.663 7788 39.82 43.81 1.10 5.20 11.27 8.50 9.83

10.160 -0.318 464.26 395.11 395.38 6957.2 56.63 18366 0.663 8067 40.38 44.13 1.10 5.78 11.27 9.60 10.79 11.430 -0.318 474.29 407.11 407.40 6953.5 58.34 17996 0.663 8059 39.54 43.01 1.10 6.39 11.27 10.68 11.76 12.700 -0.305 484.98 418.96 419.26 6949.8 60.03 17648 0.664 8367 40.27 43.65 1.10 7.02 11.27 11.69 12.68 13.970 -0.318 496.83 431.62 431.95 6946.0 61.83 17293 0.664 9335 44.03 47.57 1.10 7.72 11.27 12.70 13.62 15.240 -0.953 485.36 443.99 444.33 6942.3 63.59 16962 0.664 10241 47.38 49.76 1.10 8.37 11.27 24.16 24.66 2.527 -2.223 396.61 323.84 323.99 6979.6 42.48 19172 0.662 7674 43.85 49.02 1.10 1.91 11.27 5.34 7.26 5.080 -2.235 436.13 350.40 350.58 6972.1 45.90 18183 0.663 6546 35.51 40.05 1.10 3.20 11.27 5.87 7.66 7.607 -2.235 455.42 377.43 377.64 6964.7 49.39 17293 0.663 7269 37.52 41.60 1.10 4.62 11.27 7.47 8.95 10.173 -2.223 477.65 404.77 405.01 6957.2 52.93 16491 0.663 7646 37.66 41.25 1.10 5.79 11.27 9.22 10.45 12.700 -2.223 499.26 430.77 431.03 6949.8 56.30 15806 0.664 8059 38.06 41.28 1.10 7.02 11.27 11.32 12.35 2.540 2.197 396.86 323.71 323.86 6979.5 42.86 19358 0.662 7628 43.61 48.78 1.10 1.92 11.27 5.34 7.26 5.080 2.223 426.21 349.89 350.07 6972.1 46.27 18372 0.663 7355 39.94 44.52 1.10 3.20 11.27 6.21 7.93 7.620 2.223 454.06 376.81 377.02 6964.6 49.78 17475 0.663 7339 37.93 42.03 1.10 4.63 11.27 7.53 8.99

10.147 2.223 477.06 403.48 403.72 6957.2 53.26 16683 0.663 7578 37.40 41.01 1.10 5.78 11.27 9.13 10.37

12.713 2.223 499.01 429.64 429.91 6949.7 56.68 15983 0.664 7963 37.68 40.91 1.10 7.03 11.27 11.21 12.24 7.607 -3.493 477.53 388.79 388.95 6964.7 44.65 14885 0.663 6383 32.30 36.17 1.10 4.62 11.27 6.88 8.46

7.633 3.493 477.56 388.99 389.16 6964.6 44.72 14897 0.663 6396 32.35 36.21 1.10 4.64 11.27 6.90 8.47

72
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 8

Date: 13 August 1990

Time: 16:11:03

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X U X

295.76 425.69 40.88 6991.9 63.11 76.23 7654.0 1.16

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 397.39

2.540 0.655 403.94

5.080 0.655 425.32

7.620 0.655 448.20

10.160 0.655 464.66

12.700 0.655 479.60

13.653 0.655 489.94

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data:

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE cm cm K K K kPa m/s

0.000 -0.965 323.38 295.49 295.73 6991.9 53.60 28133

1.270 -0.318 357.98 305.56 305.82 6986.7 55.40 27523 2.527 -0.330 371.82 315.61 315.88 6981.5 57.20 26935

3.810 -0.318 383.12 325.18 325.48 6976.2 58.93 26402

5.080 -0.318 392.97 334.76 335.07 6970.9 60.65 25893

6.363 -0.318 403.26 344.64 344.97 6965.6 62.43 25392

7.620 -0.330 413.63 354.35 354.69 6960.4 64.19 24921 8.903 -0.305 425.27 364.24 364.60 6955.1 65.97 24463

10.160 -0.318 431.71 373.86 374.24 6949.9 67.72 24035

11.430 -0.318 439.94 383.34 383.74 6944.6 69.44 23631 12.700 -0.305 448.33 392.70 393.12 6939.4 71.14 23248

13.970 -0.318 458.44 402.70 403.15 6934.1 72.96 22853

15.240 -0.953 448.21 412.47 412.94 6928.8 74.74 22483

2.527 -2.223 377.64 317.77 317.99 6981.5 52.14 24278

5.080 -2.235 412.79 338.92 339.18 6970.9 55.58 23252

7.607 -2.235 425.84 360.45 360.75 6960.4 59.09 22307

10.173 -2.223 442.63 382.23 382.55 6949.8 62.65 21439

12.700 -2.223 460.04 402.93 403.30 6939.4 66.05 20685

2.540 2.197 378.30 317.54 317.77 6981.4 52.89 24655 5.080 2.223 401.84 338.27 338.54 6970.9 56.31 23632

7.620 2.223 424.01 359.59 359.89 6960.4 59.84 22679

10.147 2.223 442.62 380.72 381.05 6949.9 63.35 21820

12.713 2.223 460.06 401.43 401.81 6939.3 66.80 21049

7.607 -3.493 447.30 371.24 371.47 6960.4 52.20 18772

7.633 3.493 445.11 370.30 370.54 6960.3 52.91 19104

Uncertainties

PR h NU NUm Utw Utf Wre Wh Unu W/On1 K) K X X X X

0.661 16190 98.18 103.17 1.10 0.85 11.27 12.35 13.29 0.662 11753 69.78 76.13 1.10 1.21 11.27 5.12 7.10 0.662 9926 57.70 63.14 1.10 1.54 11.27 5.56 7.42 0.662 9427 53.73 58.80 1.10 2.02 11.27 5.98 7.75 0.662 9638 53.89 58.86 1.10 2.56 11.27 6.49 8.14 0.663 9680 53.09 57.88 1.10 3.13 11.27 7.14 8.67

0.663 9558 51.46 56.03 1.10 -3.69 11.27 7.84 9.25 0.663 9265 48.98 53.34 1.10 4.14 11.27 8.29 9.64 0.663 9633 50.05 54.17 1.10 4.61 11.27 9.35 10.56 0.663 9559 48.84 52.68 1.10 5.10 11.27 10.31 11.43 0.663 9923 49.89 53.66 1.10 5.60 11.27 11.25 12.28 0.663 10915 53.95 57.94 1.10 6.16 11.27 12.04 13.00 0.664 11871 57.73 60.43 1.10 6.67 11.27 22.99 23.51 0.662 9309 53.87 59.24 1.10 1.54 11.27 5.43 7.33 0.662 7581 42.04 46.86 1.10 2.56 11.27 5.77 7.58 0.663 8654 46.07 50.49 1.10 3.69 11.27 7.32 8.82 0.663 9212 47.16 51.12 1.10 4.62 11.27 9.04 10.29 0.663 9655 47.71 51.32 1.10 5.60 11.27 11.00 12.05 0.662 9165 53.06 58.42 1.10 1.55 11.27 5.41 7.31 0.662 8816 48.95 53.81 1.10 2.56 11.27 6.19 7.91 0.663 8786 46.85 51.29 1.10 3.69 11.27 7.40 8.89 0.663 8994 46.17 50.16 1.10 4.61 11.27 8.86 10.13 0.663 9413 46.63 50.26 1.10 5.61 11.27 10.77 11.84 0.663 7429 38.78 42.97 1.10 3.69 11.27 6.66 8.28 0.663 7553 39.49 43.70 1.10 3.70 11.27 6.74 8.34

73
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 8

Date: 13 August 1990

Time: 16:20:46

TA TB M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Wqt

K K kg/h kPa kPa X W X

295.73 582.37 18.38 7035.5 19.84 76.31 7596.0 1.05

Hot -side Temperatures:

X Y Tw

cm cm K 1.588 0.655 469.16

2.540 0.655 488.41 5.080 0.655 536.05

7.620 0.655 587.93

10.160 0.655 624.52

12.700 0.655 657.03

13.653 0.655 675.56

Insulated-Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X Y Tw Tf Taw P V RE PR h NU NUm Utw Wtf Wre Wh Unu cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(ml K) K K X X %

0.000 -0.965 355.88 295.68 295.73 7035.5 23.34 12311 0.661 7384 44.75 49.55 1.10 1.59 11.27 11.72 12.71 1.270 -0.318 420.37 318.53 318.58 7033.8 25.09 11719 0.662 5978 34.53 40.22 1.10 2.51 11.27 4.84 6.90 2.527 -0.330 452.69 341.33 341.39 7032.2 26.83 11188 0.662 4951 27.32 31.91 1.10 3.30 11.27 5.38 7.29 3.810 -0.318 477.22 363.07 363.14 7030.5 28.49 10733 0.663 4727 25.04 29.10 1.10 4.40 IV. 27 5.95 7.72 5.080 -0.318 499.68 384.81 384.88 7028.8 30.16 10318 0.663 4824 24.58 28.38 1.10 5.60 11.27 6.59 8.23 6.363 -0.318 523.01 407.23 407.32 7027.2 31.88 9929 0.663 4840 23.74 27.24 1.10 6.87 11.27 7.38 8.87

7.620 -0.330 546.67 429.27 429.36 7025.5 33.56 9579 0.664 4766 22.56 25.77 1.10 8.12 11.27 8.20 9.56

8.903 -0.305 569.77 451.71 451.82 7023.9 35.28 9250 0.664 4729 21.62 24.56 1.19 9.12 11.27 8.90 10.17

10.160 -0.318 586.23 473.55 473.67 7022.2 36.96 8956 0.664 4881 21.61 24.30 1.25 10.15 11.27 10.08 11.22 11.430 -0.318 602.72 495.08 495.20 7020.6 38.61 8686 0.664 4958 21.30 23.73 1.32 11.22 11.27 11.42 12.44 12.700 -0.305 621.64 516.32 516.46 7018.9 40.24 8439 0.664 5169 21.58 23.90 1.39 12.33 11.27 12.60 13.53 13.970 -0.318 639.94 539.04 539.19 7017.3 41.99 8191 0.664 5945 24.09 26.47 1.47 13.56 11.27 14.14 14.97

15.240 -0.953 624.93 561.22 561 .39 7015.6 43.69 7966 0.664 6538 25.77 27.34 1.41 14.69 11.27 26.46 26.92 2.527 -2.223 465.69 344.54 344.59 7032.2 25.31 10392 0.663 4550 24.96 29.46 1.10 3.30 11.27 5.24 7.19 5.080 -2.235 520.26 391.05 391.12 7028.8 28.63 9539 0.663 4288 21.61 25.28 1.10 5.60 11.27 6.19 7.90 7.607 -2.235 564.00 438.38 438.46 7025.6 32.02 8825 0.664 4453 20.78 23.87 1.16 8.11 11.27 7.81 9.23

10.173 -2.223 607.11 486.24 486.35 7022.2 35.45 8220 0.664 4548 19.78 22.35 1.34 10.16 11.27 9.54 10.74 12.700 -2.223 643.17 531.76 531.89 7018.9 38.71 7728 0.664 4886 19.99 22.19 1.48 12.33 11.27 12.00 12.97 2.540 2.197 464.03 345.46 345.52 7032.2 25.02 10230 0.663 4646 25.44 29.92 1.10 3.31 11.27 5.28 7.22 5.080 2.223 515.47 392.39 392.45 7028.8 28.33 9386 0.663 4501 22.64 26.31 1.10 5.60 11.27 6.35 8.03 7.620 2.223 567.97 440.62 440.70 7025.5 31.74 8673 0.664 4393 20.43 23.49 1.18 8.12 11.27 7.75 9.18

10.147 2.223 604.12 488.43 488.53 7022.3 35.11 8082 0.664 4754 20.61 23.17 1.32 10.14 11.27 9.86 11.02 12.713 2.223 642.20 535.31 535.43 7018.9 38.43 7587 0.664 5097 20.75 22.94 1.48 12.34 11.27 12.45 13.39 7.607 -3.493 583.17 448.58 448.66 7025.6 30.56 8108 0.664 4156 19.09 22.05 1.24 8.11 11.27 7.46 8.93 7.633 3.493 599.39 457.53 457.61 7025.5 29.54 7583 0.664 3943 17.87 20.73 1.30 8.13 11.27 7.22 8.74

74
Table 3 (continued)

Channel Specimen

Experiment 9

Date: 14 August 1990

Time: 14:02:28

TA T8 M P0 P0-P1 Vf Qt Uqt

K K kfl/h kPa kPa X U X

296.79 654.80 17.94 7006.7 20.53 94.40 9261.0 1.04

Hot-side Temperatures:

X Y Tu cm cm K 1.588 0.655 513.66

2.540 0.655 538.75

5.080 0.655 597.78

7.620 0.655 662.71

10.160 0.655 706.98

12.700 0.655 743.45

13.653 0.655 766.01

Insulated- Side Temperatures and Calculated Data: Uncertainties

X r Tw Tf Taw P V Ri PR h NU NUm Utu Wtf Wre Uh Unu

cm cm K K K kPa m/s W/(m» K) K K X X X

0.000 -0.965 371.99 296.73 296.78 7006.7 23.02 12029 0.661 7199 43.54 49.30 1.10 1.95 11.27 11.66 12.65 1.270 -0.318 453.04 325.18 325.24 7005.0 25.16 11319 0.662 5805 33.08 39.70 1.10 3.12 11.27 4.78 6.86 2.527 -0.330 493.98 353.58 353.64 7003.3 27.30 10700 0.663 4787 25.81 31.02 1.10 4.11 11.27 5.33 7.25 3.810 -0.318 524.17 380.64 380.71 7001.6 29.33 10180 0.663 4583 23.52 28.05 1.10 5.48 11.27 5.90 7.68 5.080 -0.318 551.68 407.70 407.78 6999.8 31.37 9716 0.663 4692 23.00 27.16 1.11 6.99 11.27 6.55 8.19 6.363 -0.318 580.43 435.62 435.71 6998.1 33.47 9286 0.664 4717 22.11 25.89 1.23 8.57 11.27 7.36 8.85 7.620 -0.330 610.22 463.05 463.16 6996.4 35.53 8906 0.664 4634 20.84 24.26 1.35 10.14 11.27 8.17 9.54 8.903 -0.305 640.54 491.00 491.12 6994.7 37.64 8555 0.664 4551 19.66 22.76 1.47 11.39 11.27 8.80 10.08

10.160 -0.318 661.29 518.19 518.32 6993.0 39.69 8243 0.664 4685 19.51 22.31 1.55 12.68 11.27 9.94 11.09 11.430 -0.318 680.71 544.98 545.13 6991.3 41.71 7961 0.664 4794 19.28 21.79 1.63 14.01 11.27 11.32 12.35 12.700 -0.305 703.72 571.43 571.59 6989.6 43.71 7704 0.665 5017 19.53 21.90 1.72 15.39 11.27 12.53 13.46 13.970 -0.318 725.46 599.71 599.89 6987.9 45.84 7450 0.665 5816 21.90 24.32 1.81 16.94 11.27 14.16 14.99 15.240 -0.953 707.29 627.34 627.53 6986.2 47.93 7221 0.665 6350 23.18 24.76 1.74 18.35 11.27 26.35 26.81 2.527 •2.223 510.10 357.52 357.57 7003.3 25.81 9933 0.663 4405 23.57 28.66 1.10 4.11 11.27 5.19 7.15 5.080 -2.235 576.67 415.39 415.46 6999.8 29.88 8972 0.664 4188 20.27 24.28 1.21 6.99 11.27 6.17 7.89 7.607 -2.235 631.65 474.27 474.37 6996.4 34.02 8194 0.664 4334 19.17 22.44 1.43 10.13 11.27 7.79 9.21 10.173 -2.223 687.59 533.83 533.95 6993.0 38.22 7553 0.664 4358 17.78 20.44 1.66 12.69 11.27 9.40 10.61 12.700 -2.223 728.98 590.46 590.61 6989.6 42.22 7044 0.665 4791 18.23 20.47 1.82 15.39 11.27 12.05 13.01 2.540 2.197 508.84 359.52 359.57 7003.3 25.24 9627 0.663 4497 23.98 29.03 1.10 4.13 11.27 5.23 7.18 5.080 2.223 572.16 418.70 418.77 6999.8 29.29 8682 0.664 4401 21.19 25.16 1.20 6.99 11.27 6.33 8.02 7.620 2.223 641.25 479.53 479.63 6996.4 33.46 7912 0.664 4217 18.52 21.73 1.47 10.14 11.27 7.65 9.10 10.147 2.223 683.22 539.82 539.94 6993.0 37.59 7292 0.664 4676 18.93 21.55 1.64 12.67 11.27 9.92 11.07

12.713 2.223 728.19 598.95 599.10 6989.6 41.65 6785 0.665 5139 19.37 21.57 1.82 15.41 11.27 12.81 13.72 7.607 -3.493 651.10 484.59 484.68 6996.4 32.84 7631 0.664 4096 17.85 21.00 1.51 10.13 11.27 7.50 8.97

7.633 3.493 682.24 501.51 501.60 6996.4 31.26 6861 0.664 3773 16.07 19.03 1.64 10.16 11.27 7.13 8.66

75
Table 4. Uncertainties in data analysis parameters

and calculated quantities

Uncertainty

Parameter

Major Source

of Uncertainty

Magnitude of

Uncertainty

Estimated or

Calculated

Channel Width

and Height

Measurement 0.025 mm Estimated

Length of

Heated Zone

Measurement 1 mm Estimated

Location of

Temperature Probe

Measurement 1 mm Estimated

Channel Flow Rate Specimen Uniformity

5% Estimated

Fluid Temperature Channel Flow Rate 0.5-21.0 K Calculated

Total Heat Flow Inlet and Outlet

Temperature

1. 0-2.0% Calculated

Fluid Velocity Channel Flow Rate 6. 9-7. 5% Calculated

Friction Factor Channel Height,

Pressure Taps

17-18% for

Re > 4000

Calculated

Heat Transfer

Coefficient

Channel Flow Rate 5.9-12.9%,

0 . 2<x/L<0 .

8

Calculated

Reynolds Number Viscosity Function,

Channel Flow Rate

11.3% Calculated

Nusselt Number Channel Flow Rate 7.6-13.8%,

0 . 2<x/L<0 .

8

Calculated

76
Table 5. Predicted flow distribution in heat transfer experiments

using method of Appendix B

Region Boundaries

(y/w)

Location of

Temp. Probe

(y/w)

1 -0.500 , -0.364 0.4442

2 -0.364 , -0.163 0.2842

3 -0.163 , +0.120 0.0420

4 +0.120 , +0.363 +0.2827

5 +0.363 , +0.500 +0.4442

Expt

.

m mc• n/m for each region

# (kg/h) 1 2 3 4 5

3 4.06 0.9817 1.0034 1.0321 0.9958 0.9539

3 8.41 0.9650 1.0055 1.0568 0.9917 0.9235

3 14.94 0.9223 1.0021 1.0762 1.0022 0.9123

3 20.00 0.8942 0.9992 1.0864 1.0112 0.9072

3 29.39 0.8562 0.9971 1.1015 1.0217 0.8981

3 39.79 0.8226 0.9946 1.1141 1.0316 0.8913

4 10.16 0.9329 0.9973 1.0680 1.0031 0.9240

4 14.90 0.9442 1.0054 1.0729 0.9950 0.9052

4 20.34 0.9156 0.9996 1.0815 1.0067 0.9033

4 30.30 0.8929 0.9966 1.0944 1.0142 0.8904

4 40.04 0.8785 0.9951 1.1037 1.0183 0.8802

5 13.33 0.9651 1.0072 1.0764 0.9851 0.8919

5 17.31 0.9410 1.0090 1.0816 0.9930 0.8885

5 23.81 0.9042 1.0040 1.0904 1.0073 0.8888

5 31.08 0.8763 1.0034 1.1009 1.0144 0.8828

5 40.64 0.8487 1.0027 1.1120 1.0215 0.8757

6 3.78 0.9845 1.0051 1.0328 0.9937 0.9510

6 7.08 0.9456 0.9974 1.0546 1.0021 0.9407

6 13.61 0.9295 1.0042 1.0732 0.9997 0.9126

6 19.90 0.8904 0.9998 1.0870 1.0122 0.9069

6 28.62 0.8528 0.9970 1.1013 1.0229 0.8997

6 40.98 0.8104 0.9939 1.1178 1.0345 0.8922

77
Table 5. (Continued)

Exptra mc• n/rii for each region

# (kg/h) 1 2 3 4 5

7 9.27 0.9317 0.9866 1.0635 1.0104 0.9372

7 15.90 0.9363 1.0023 1.0736 0.9998 0.9075

7 21.95 0.9026 0.9998 1.0843 1.0110 0.9025

7 31.35 0.8733 0.9994 1.0980 1.0181 0.8912

7 40.86 0.8519 0.9990 1.1083 1.0233 0.8823

8 13.84 0.9663 1.0071 1.0732 0.9866 0.8951

8 18.46 0.9397 1.0084 1.0799 0.9953 0.8902

8 25.23 0.9064 1.0039 1.0891 1.0070 0.8899

8 32.68 0.8815 1.0037 1.0996 1.0131 0.8825

8 40.88 0.8614 1.0034 1.1082 1.0185 0.8752

8 18.38 0.9412 1.0084 1.0789 0.9945 0.8922

9 17.94 0.9568 1.0123 1.0824 0.9849 0.8808

78
480 VAC

75 A

Single Phase

Figure 1. Helium flow apparatus.

79
Cooling Air

and Water

15 — 1 5 cmcm Channel

( ^ Specimen

ill pn111iiS

Cooling Air

and Water

480 VAC

75 A

Water-cooled

Reflective Wall

Refractory

Insulation

Gas Out

Pressure Tap ' ^ -Thermocouples

Figure 2. Specimen furnace, showing location of inlet gas temperature (A),

upstream pressure (0)

,

outlet gas temperature (B)

,

and downstream

pressure (1)

80
Channel Specimen

(end view)

1.93-n

3.12

Quartz Insulation,

0.48 dia.

Type N Thermocouple

Wires, 0.25 dia.

5.05

3.18 x 0.56 Slots

( 12)

N. QT5;

All dimesions in mm.

Figure 3. Channel specimen.

81
Y/W

Ridge

Channel

0 0.5 1.0

X/L

Figure 4. Top view of channel specimen showing locations of blockage in flow

channels due to braze fillets.

82
Re

Figure 5. Friction factor (f) as a function of Reynolds number (Re) for

experiments 1 and 2, no heating, compared to tube specimen

correlation and smooth tube correlation.

83
Figure 6. Percent difference between predicted and measured pressure drop

(Po-Pi) as a function of helium flow rate (m) for heat transfer

experiments

84
Figure 7. Wall (Tw ) and gas (Tf ) temperatures as a function of x/L;

experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium flow, and y/W = -0.04.

i

85
Figure 8. Wall temperature (Tw ) as a function of y/W at several x/L

locations; experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium flow.

86
X/L

Figure 9. Wall- to-gas

coefficient

helium flow

temperature difference (Tw -Tf ) and heat transfer

(h) as a function of x/L; experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h

and y/W = -0.04.

87

(W/(m

2

*K))
Figure 10. Reynolds number (Re), Nusselt number (Nu) , and modified Nusselt

number (Ni^) as a function of x/L; experiment 8, 13.8 kg/h helium

flow and y/W = -0.04.

88

Nu,Nu
Figure 11. Modified Nusselt number (NuJ as a function of Reynolds number

(Re); all heated experiments with 0.2 < x/L <08 and

y/W = -0.04.

89
Normalized

Meter

Heat

Flow

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Figure A.l. Normalized meter heat flow as a function of x/L for y/W = 0.12,

36% voltage, reflective furnace calibration.

90
Figure B.l. Ratio of predicted channel flow to average channel flow, as a

function of y/W at several total flow rates for experiment 8.

91
BL-114A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

(5-90) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET

1 . PUBLICATION OR REPORT NUMBER

NISTIR-3959

2. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

3. PUBLICATION DATE

January 1991

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

HEAT TRANSFER IN A COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER CONTAINING RECTANGULAR CHANNELS AND USING

HELIUM GAS

5. AUTHOR(S) Douglas A. Olson

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (IF JOINT OR OTHER THAN NIST, SEE INSTRUCTIONS)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

BOULDER, COLORADO 80303-3328

7. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER

8. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (STREET, CITY, STATE, ZIP)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Langley Research Center

Hampton, Virginia 23665

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-WORD OR LESS FACTUAL SUMMARY OF MOST SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION. IF DOCUMENT INCLUDES A SIGNIFICANT BIBLIOGRAPHY OR

UTERATURE SURVEY, MENTION IT HERE.)

We have constructed a compact heat exchanger consisting of 12 parallel, rectangular

channels in a flat piece of commercially pure nickel. 0 This channel specimen was radiatively

heated on the top side at heat fluxes of up to 77W/cm insulated on the back side, and

cooled with helium gas flowing in the channels at 3.5 to 7.0 MPa and Reynolds numbers of

1400 to 28 000. The measured friction factor was lower than that of the accepted correlation for fully developed turbulent flow, although our uncertainty was high due to uncertainty in the channel height and a high ratio of dynamic pressure to pressure drop.

The measured Nusselt number, when modified to account for differences in fluid properties

between the wall and the cooling fluid, agreed with past correlations for fully developed

turbulent flow in channels. Flow nonuniformity from channel-to-channel was as high as

12% above and 19% below the mean flow.

12.

KEY WORDS (6 TO 12 ENTRIES; ALPHABETICAL ORDER; CAPITALIZE ONLY PROPER NAMES; AND SEPARATE KEY WORDS BY SEMICOLONS)

apparatus; compact heat exchanger; convection heat transfer; friction factor; high

temperature; National Aerospace Plane; radiative furnace; rectangular channel; turbulent

flow; variable property effects.

13.

AVAILABILITY UNUMITED

FOR OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION. DO NOT RELEASE TO NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS).

X

X

ORDER FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,

WASHINGTON, DC 20402. ORDER FROM NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS), SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161.

14. NUMBER OF PRINTED PAGES

100

15. PRICE

ELECTRONIC FORM

*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1991 - 574-24 7/4 501+2