### ref2011.d120810c 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Report Annual Energy Outlook 2011 Scenario ref2011 Reference case Datekey d120810c Release Date December 2010



### 2. Energy Consumption by Sector and Source (quadrillion Btu, unl ess otherwise noted)

Sector and Source 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Residential Liquefied Petroleum Gases 0.52 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.49 Kerosene 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Distillate Fuel Oil 0.66 0.61 0.60 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.57 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 1.20 1.16 1.15 1.16 1.12 1.10 1.08 Natural Gas 5.00 4.87 4.90 4.88 4.90 4.91 4.92 Coal 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Renewable Energy 1/ 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.40 Electricity 4.71 4.65 4.97 4.63 4.66 4.60 4.59 Delivered Energy 11.36 11.12 11.44 11.09 11.09 11.02 11.01 Electricity Related Losses 10.17 9.95 10.59 9.80 9.78 9.53 9.50 Total 21.53 21.08 22.03 20.89 20.87 20.55 20.51

Commercial Liquefied Petroleum Gases 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 Motor Gasoline 2/ 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 Kerosene 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Distillate Fuel Oil 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 Residual Fuel Oil 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 0.64 0.60 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.55 Natural Gas 3.22 3.20 3.18 3.29 3.31 3.35 3.40 Coal 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Renewable Energy 3/ 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 Electricity 4.56 4.51 4.60 4.62 4.66 4.70 4.76 Delivered Energy 8.60 8.49 8.51 8.64 8.70 8.78 8.88 Electricity Related Losses 9.85 9.66 9.82 9.80 9.77 9.74 9.84 Total 18.44 18.15 18.32 18.43 18.48 18.52 18.72

Industrial 4/ Liquefied Petroleum Gases 2.08 2.01 2.13 2.20 2.26 2.31 2.34 Motor Gasoline 2/ 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.32 Distillate Fuel Oil 1.27 1.16 1.19 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.20 Residual Fuel Oil 0.20 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 Petrochemical Feedstocks 1.12 0.90 0.97 1.06 1.10 1.17 1.23 Other Petroleum 5/ 3.98 3.45 3.39 3.44 3.89 4.00 3.99 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 8.91 7.94 8.11 8.34 8.93 9.21 9.26 Natural Gas 6.83 6.31 6.73 7.12 7.39 7.82 8.04 Natural-Gas-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lease and Plant Fuel 6/ 1.26 1.19 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.25 1.22 Natural Gas Subtotal 8.09 7.51 8.05 8.42 8.66 9.07 9.26 Metallurgical Coal 0.58 0.40 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.59 0.58 Other Industrial Coal 1.16 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.98 Coal-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Coal Coke Imports 0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Coal Subtotal 1.78 1.32 1.52 1.54 1.54 1.59 1.57Biofuels Heat and Coproducts 0.98 0.65 0.72 0.85 0.80 0.81 0.83 Renewable Energy 7/ 1.52 1.42 1.49 1.62 1.74 1.88 1.81 Electricity 3.44 3.01 3.20 3.31 3.38 3.52 3.49 Delivered Energy 24.72 21.84 23.09 24.08 25.04 26.08 26.21 Electricity Related Losses 7.44 6.44 6.82 7.02 7.10 7.30 7.22 Total 32.16 28.29 29.91 31.10 32.14 33.38 33.43

Transportation Liquefied Petroleum Gases 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 E85 8/ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Motor Gasoline 2/ 16.87 16.82 16.88 16.88 16.96 17.03 17.02 Jet Fuel 9/ 3.21 3.20 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.15 3.17 Distillate Fuel Oil 10/ 6.04 5.54 5.69 5.93 6.14 6.43 6.48 Residual Fuel Oil 0.92 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.79 Other Petroleum 11/ 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 27.24 26.52 26.70 26.92 27.21 27.57 27.65 Pipeline Fuel Natural Gas 0.67 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.64 Compressed Natural Gas 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 Liquid Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Electricity 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 Delivered Energy 27.95 27.23 27.42 27.63 27.92 28.29 28.36 Electricity Related Losses 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Total 28.00 27.28 27.47 27.68 27.97 28.34 28.41

Delivered Energy Consumption, All Sectors Liquefied Petroleum Gases 2.77 2.71 2.82 2.88 2.93 2.97 3.00 E85 8/ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Motor Gasoline 2/ 17.17 17.11 17.17 17.19 17.29 17.38 17.39 Jet Fuel 9/ 3.21 3.20 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.15 3.17 Kerosene 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Distillate Fuel Oil 8.34 7.65 7.80 8.04 8.25 8.54 8.54 Residual Fuel Oil 1.19 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.02 Petrochemical Feedstocks 1.12 0.90 0.97 1.06 1.10 1.17 1.23 Other Petroleum 12/ 4.15 3.60 3.54 3.59 4.04 4.15 4.14 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 37.99 36.22 36.51 36.96 37.81 38.43 38.54 Natural Gas 15.07 14.41 14.84 15.32 15.63 16.12 16.41 Natural-Gas-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lease and Plant Fuel 6/ 1.26 1.19 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.25 1.22 Pipeline Natural Gas 0.67 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.64 Natural Gas Subtotal 17.00 16.26 16.83 17.28 17.55 18.02 18.27 Metallurgical Coal 0.58 0.40 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.59 0.58 Other Coal 1.24 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.06 1.05 Coal-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Coal Coke Imports 0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Coal Subtotal 1.86 1.39 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.66 1.63 Biofuels Heat and Coproducts 0.98 0.65 0.72 0.85 0.80 0.81 0.83 Renewable Energy 13/ 2.07 1.96 2.02 2.15 2.26 2.39 2.32 Liquid Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Electricity 12.73 12.20 12.79 12.59 12.73 12.85 12.87 Delivered Energy 72.63 68.68 70.45 71.43 72.76 74.17 74.45 Electricity Related Losses 27.51 26.11 27.28 26.67 26.70 26.62 26.62 Total 100.14 94.79 97.73 98.11 99.46 100.79 101.08

Electric Power 14/ Distillate Fuel Oil 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 Residual Fuel Oil 0.37 0.30 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 0.47 0.40 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.43 Natural Gas 6.85 7.06 7.69 7.23 6.82 6.98 6.82Steam Coal 20.51 18.30 19.37 18.69 18.65 18.27 18.24 Nuclear Power 8.43 8.35 8.39 8.40 8.50 8.64 8.70 Renewable Energy 15/ 3.67 3.89 3.85 4.20 4.72 4.84 4.98 Electricity Imports 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 Total 16/ 40.24 38.31 40.07 39.26 39.43 39.47 39.49

Total Energy Consumption Liquefied Petroleum Gases 2.77 2.71 2.82 2.88 2.93 2.97 3.00 E85 8/ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Motor Gasoline 2/ 17.17 17.11 17.17 17.19 17.29 17.38 17.39 Jet Fuel 9/ 3.21 3.20 3.14 3.14 3.14 3.15 3.17 Kerosene 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Distillate Fuel Oil 8.45 7.75 7.91 8.14 8.34 8.63 8.63 Residual Fuel Oil 1.56 1.32 1.37 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.36 Petrochemical Feedstocks 1.12 0.90 0.97 1.06 1.10 1.17 1.23 Other Petroleum 12/ 4.15 3.60 3.54 3.59 4.04 4.15 4.14 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 38.46 36.62 36.96 37.41 38.25 38.87 38.97 Natural Gas 21.92 21.47 22.53 22.55 22.46 23.10 23.23 Natural-Gas-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lease and Plant Fuel 6/ 1.26 1.19 1.32 1.30 1.26 1.25 1.22 Pipeline Natural Gas 0.67 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.64 Natural Gas Subtotal 23.85 23.32 24.52 24.51 24.37 25.00 25.09 Metallurgical Coal 0.58 0.40 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.59 0.58 Other Coal 21.75 19.31 20.39 19.72 19.68 19.32 19.29 Coal-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Coal Coke Imports 0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Coal Subtotal 22.38 19.69 20.96 20.30 20.26 19.92 19.88 Nuclear Power 8.43 8.35 8.39 8.40 8.50 8.64 8.70 Biofuels Heat and Coproducts 0.98 0.65 0.72 0.85 0.80 0.81 0.83 Renewable Energy 17/ 5.74 5.85 5.87 6.34 6.98 7.23 7.30 Liquid Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Electricity Imports 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 Total 100.14 94.79 97.73 98.11 99.46 100.79 101.08

Energy Use & Related Statistics Delivered Energy Use 72.63 68.68 70.45 71.43 72.76 74.17 74.45 Total Energy Use 100.14 94.79 97.73 98.11 99.46 100.79 101.08 Ethanol Consumed in Motor Gasoline and E85 0.77 0.95 1.10 1.23 1.25 1.27 1.29 Population (m illions) 305.17 307.84 310.83 313.84 316.88 319.94 323.04 US GDP (billion 2005 dollars) 13229 12881 13221 13506 14045 14596 14918 Carbon Dioxide Em issions (million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent) 5819.9 5424.9 5638.7 5591.4 5622.1 5655.7 5657.4

1/ Includes wood used for residential heating. See Table 4 a nd/or Table 17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy con sumption for geothermal heat pumps, solar thermal hot water heating, and el ectricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources. 2/ Includes ethanol (blends of 10 perc ent or less) and ethers blended into gasoline. 3/ Excludes ethanol. Includes commercial sector consumption of wood and wood waste, landfill gas, municipal waste, and othe r biomass for combined heat and power. See Table 5 and/or Table 17 for estimate s of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for solar therm al hot water heating and electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources. 4/ Includes energy for combined heat and power plants, exceptthose whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electr icity and heat, to the public. 5/ Includes petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, lubr icants, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products. 6/ Represents natural gas used in well, field, and le ase operations, and in natural gas processing plant machinery. 7/ Includes consumption of energy produ ced from hydroelectric, wood and wood wast e, municipal waste, and other biomass sourc es. Excludes ethanol blends (10 percent or less) in motor gasoline. 8/ E85 refers to a blend of 85 percent ethanol (renewable) an d 15 percent motor gasoline (nonrenewable). To address cold st arting issues, the percentage of ethanol varies seasonally. The annual average ethanol content of 74 percent is used for this forecast. 9/ Includes only kerosene type. 10/ Diesel fuel for on- and off- road use. 11/ Includes aviation gasoline and lubricants. 12/ Includes unfinished oils, natural gasoline, motor gaso line blending components, aviation gasoline, lubricants, still gas , asphalt, road oil,petroleum coke, and miscellaneous petroleum products. 13/ Includes electricity generated for sa le to the grid and for own use from renewa ble sources, and non- electric energy from renewable sources. Excludes ethanol and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildingsphotovoltaic systems, and so lar thermal hot water heaters. 14/ Includes consumption of energy by electricity-only and combined heat and po wer plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includes small power producers and exempt wholesale generators. 15/ Includes conventional hydroelectric , geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, pho tovoltaic, and solar thermal sources. Excl udes net electricity imports. 16/ Includes non-biogenic municipal waste not included above. 17/ Includes conventional hydroelectric , geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, pho tovoltaic, and solar thermal sources. Excludes ethanol, netelectricity imports, and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems, and solar thermal hot water heaters. Btu = British thermal unit. - - = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Data for 2008 and 2009 are model results and may differ slightly from official EIA data reports. Sources: 2008 and 2009 consumption based on: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review 2009, DOE/EIA-0384(2009) (Washington, DC, August 2010). 2008 and 2009 population and gross domestic product: IHS Global Insight Industry and Employment models, September 2010. 2008 and 2009 carbon dioxide emissions: EIA, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2009 , DOE/EIA-0573(2009) (Washington, DC, December 2010). Projections: EIA, AEO2011 National Energy Modeling System run ref2011.d120810c.