FILED

March 26, 1998

Cecil Crowson, Jr.

Appellate C ourt Clerk

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE, 

AT JACKSON

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)

IN THE MATTER OF: ) Hardeman County Circuit Court

JAMIE MURPHY (DOB 7/12/87) ) No. 8698

JANET MURPHY (DOB 4/24/89) )

JHANAID MURPHY (DOB 2/23/91) )

)

) C.A. No. 02A01-9610-CV-00259

)

)

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From the Circuit Court of Hardeman County at Bolivar

Honorable Jon Kerry Blackwood, Judge 

Patricia L. Penn, Penn & Associates, Memphis, Tennessee

Attorney for Petitioners/Appellants Jesse and Geneva Murphy.

Karen T. Fleet, Bolivar, Tennessee

Attorney for Respondents/Appellees Edward Bowers, Jr. and Mae Lena Bowers.

OPINION FILED:

AFFIRMED AND REMANDED

FARMER, J.

CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S.: (Concurs)

LILLARD, J.: (Concurs)
1The petition described the natural mother as a “street person” living in St. Louis. 

This is a child custody case involving three biological children of James Murphy and

Valerie Carter. They are: Jamie Murphy, born July 12, 1987; Janet Murphy, born April 24, 1989;

and Jhanaid Murphy, born February 23, 1991. Appellants are their paternal grandfather and stepgrandmother, Jessie and Geneva Murphy. The appellee, Edward Bowers, Jr., is a first cousin to

James Murphy and Appellee Mae Lena Bowers is his wife. Appellants have appealed from an order

entered by the circuit court dismissing their appeal and reinstating the judgment of the juvenile court

which found that no material misrepresentations were made by the appellees at the July 1995 custody

hearing to affect that court’s decision to award temporary custody of Jamie and Janet to appellants

and temporary custody of Jhanaid to the appellees. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.

This matter began in July 1992, when the Bowers filed a petition in the juvenile court

seeking custody of Jamie and Jhanaid. The juvenile court granted them temporary custody after

determining that the two children were “dependent and neglected” as defined by statute (T.C.A. §

37-1-103(b)(10)) inasmuch as their father was incarcerated in a correctional facility in Missouri and

their mother was suffering from drug addiction.1

 The court reserved a final hearing upon completion

of a home study investigation. 

On October 15, 1992, the Bowers filed a petition seeking custody of Janet. On

October 27, 1992, Jessie Murphy filed a petition with the juvenile court seeking custody of all three

children. The petition alleged that their natural mother was incarcerated in Missouri for drug related

crimes; that Jhanaid had resided with the Bowers since she was 3 months old; and that the other two

children had resided with their mother until February 1992. It was asserted that since February,

however, Jamie and Janet had resided with the appellants at their “mother’s request.” The petition

alleged that Janet had since lived with the appellants without interruption and that Jamie had resided

with them until April 1992 when he began living with the Bowers “for visiting purposes only.” In

December 1992, the juvenile court entered an order awarding temporary custody of Janet to

Appellant Murphy, with visitation rights extended to him regarding the other two children, who

remained in the Bowers’ custody. No visitation privileges were accorded the Bowers regarding

Janet. All other matters were reserved until a final hearing. Thereafter, in June 1993, the juvenile
2Rule 34 of the Rules of Juvenile Procedure pertains to relief from judgments or orders -

modification and vacation of orders.” It provides, as here relevant:

(b) Extraordinary Relief. An order of the court shall be vacated if it

appears that it was obtained by fraud or mistake sufficient therefor in a civil

action, or the court lacked jurisdiction over a necessary party or of the subject

matter, or newly discovered evidence so requires.

(c) Modification for Best Interest of Child. An order of the court may

also be modified or vacated on the ground that changed circumstances so require

in the best interest of the child, . . . 

(d) Petitions to Modify or Vacate Orders. Any party to the proceeding,

the probation officer, or any other person having supervision or legal custody of or

an interest in the child may petition the court for the relief provided in subsections

(b) and (c) of this rule. The petition shall be styled “Petition to Vacate Order” or

“Petition to Modify Order,” as the case may be, shall set forth in concise language

the grounds upon which the relief is requested, . . . 

3

In determining custody, the court reasoned as follows:

[T]he Court finds that the unification of these three children is of utmost

importance to the Court and in the best interests of the children, and that every

reasonable effort should be made by all parties to foster the relationship of brother

and sisters between them. However, the Court further finds that due to the tender

ages of the children, ranging from four years to eight years, most importantly to

the children is the relationship of parent and child. The Bowers have had Jhanaid

residing with them in their home since she was an infant some six months of age

and the bond of parent and child is strong. The Murphys have had Jamie and

Janet residing with them in their home as brother and sister, and, without

question, a strong bond exists between them both as parent and child and as

brother and sister. Jamie also resided in the home of the Bowers for several

months, and the record reflects that he has done well in both homes.

. . . .

This Court is of the opinion and belief that serious emotional harm could result to

Janet or Jhanaid if either child were removed from their present homes.

court entered an order awarding temporary custody of Jamie and Janet to Jessie Murphy and

temporary custody of Jhanaid to the Bowers. Visitation was extended to each of the parties. 

In March 1995, Appellants filed a petition to modify2

 requesting that they be awarded

permanent custody of all three children. The Bowers responded by also seeking permanent custody

of the children. Prior to a hearing, the court appointed a guardian ad litem on the children’s behalf.

The court conducted a hearing on July 26, 1995 resulting in an award of temporary custody of Jamie

and Janet to the appellants. Temporary custody of Jhanaid remained with the Bowers. The court’s

order was entered August 7, 1995.3 No appeal was taken by either party.

On September 6, 1995, Appellants filed a “Petition to Modify Order Awarding
4The court’s order further states that its decision was not based solely on the guardian ad

litem’s report, “but same was considered along with the evidence presented, testimony of

witnesses, statements of counsel, [and] the entire record . . . .” The court found that the guardian

ad litem’s report was not rebutted by either party at the hearing and the court did not consider it a

matter in dispute. The court denied ever awarding “permanent” custody to either party or

“permanently” separating them. The court acknowledged that it had previously on its own

motion requested the parties’ and children to undergo psychological evaluations, but had

thereafter waived same after the court was advised by the parties that the evaluations would be

too expensive for them. The court, however, did not prohibit the parties from proceeding on

their own with such testing and to present evidence thereof at the hearing. At the hearing, the

court was informed that two of the children had undergone professional counseling, but the court

noted that the testimonies of counselors was not presented.

Custody and Petition to Hear Additional Evidence” requesting the court to hear additional evidence

not presented at the July 26, 1995 hearing and to modify its order to award custody of Jhanaid to

them. The petition alleged that the Murphys were not aware of the existence of their grandchildren

until 1992, at which time the natural parents expressed their desires that the Murphys have custody

of the children; that they were aware of “certain intentional misrepresentations” made by the Bowers

at the July hearing which were designed to influence the court’s decision, the proof of which should

be admitted to protect the welfare of Jhanaid Murphy; that it was in the best interest and welfare of

Jhanaid to be in the appellants’ custody and to reside with her other siblings; that the court’s decision

was based upon the report of the guardian ad litem “which restricts the considerations of the child’s

best interest test in awarding permanent custody of [Jhanaid] and in permanently separating her from

her . . . siblings”; that the list of relevant factors identified at T.C.A. § 36-6-105 was not an

exhaustive one and the court’s consideration was not to be limited thereby; and, finally, that “critical

evidence” was available to the court, but could be obtained only upon the court’s enforcement of its

July 10, 1995 order which required each of the parties and minor children to undergo psychological

evaluations with the completed reports submitted to the court. 

By order entered September 14, 1995, the juvenile court held, that of the matters

presented in the appellants’ petition to modify, it had “heard, considered and ruled” on all but the

allegation that intentional misrepresentations were made by the Bowers at the July 1995 hearing. 4

The court scheduled a hearing as to this issue and ordered Appellants to file an amended petition

specifically setting forth the alleged misrepresentations, when they were made and by whom, by

September 20, 1995. If not filed by said date, the court ordered that the petition be dismissed. On

October 6, 1995, the court entered an order dismissing Appellants’ petition to modify after they

failed to file an amended petition or appear at the scheduled hearing, though the record reflects that
the Bowers did attend.

On October 12, Appellants filed a motion to set aside the order on the basis that

neither they nor their counsel had received any notice of the scheduled hearing or order requiring that

an amended petition be filed. On January 10, 1996, the appellants filed an amended petition setting

forth the specific intentional misrepresentations allegedly made by the Bowers as follows: (1) that

Mrs. Bowers had represented herself to medical care givers as the “mother” of the children; (2) that

Mr. Bowers was not currently an employee of the railroad company as was his testimony at the July

1995 hearing and was, thus, attempting to misrepresent his financial ability to provide for the child

in his custody; (3) that a court reporter was present at the July 1995 hearing and snapshots were

provided by the appellants, but that on January 8, 1996, neither a transcript of the case nor the

snapshots were included within the court’s file on the case; and (4) that “as a restatement from their

original Petitions . . . critical evidence [was] available to the Court that . . . Jamie and Janet fear[ed]

going to the [Bowers’ home] and exhibit[ed] adverse affects each time [they visited in the Bowers’

home],” but that such critical evidence could only be obtained upon enforcement of the court’s prior

order requiring all parties and children to undergo psychological evaluations. By response, the

Bowers denied that the court’s order was in any way obtained by fraud or mistake, that any newly

discovered evidence existed or that there were changed circumstances requiring modification of the

court’s prior order.

On March 28, 1996, Appellants filed a second “Petition to Modify Order Awarding

Custody and Petition to Hear Additional Evidence.” Appellants requested the court to reconsider

“its decision to separate these minor children and to place the youngest . . . in a foster home and to

consider additional evidence . . . .” Attached thereto was the deposition of a clinical psychologist

who had begun evaluations on the children. Appellants alleged that “some form of abuse” was

occurring in the Bowers’ home. It was further alleged, “as a restatement of their original petitions,”

that Jamie and Janet feared going to the Bowers’ home and exhibited adverse effects after visitation

and that Jhanaid was developmentally delayed. Appellants once again urged the court to enforce its

prior order requiring psychological evaluations of all parties and children in order that “critical

evidence” pertaining thereto could be obtained.
5On April 12, the juvenile court entered an order denying the appellants’ petition to

modify, filed March 28, on the basis that it presented “the same issues” previously heard and

decided by the court and that no new or additional proof had been shown to substantiate a

material change in circumstances since entry of its order on April 4; thus, rendering its April 4

judgment final for purposes of appeal. 

On April 4, 1996, the juvenile court entered an order ruling as follows:

Upon the filing of the Petition on September 6, 1995, the

Court reviewed same and found many of the matters addressed

therein had been decided by the Court after an extensive hearing on

July 26, 1995, and an Order was entered thereon on August 7, 1995,

and that the only matter to be considered by the Court was regarding

the allegations of misrepresentations . . . . The Court entered an

Order on September 14, 1995, directed the Petitioners to file an

Amended Petition setting forth the alleged misrepresentations, and

limiting any further hearing to the issue of misrepresentations to the

Court.

The Petition, therefore, came on for hearing on the 7th day of

February, . . . the Court having heard testimony of witnesses,

examined the evidence, and being sufficiently advised finds that NO

MATERIAL MISREPRESENTATIONS were made to the Court

at the hearing on July 26, 1995, to substantiate a modification of this

Court’s Order of August 7, 1995, . . . the Petition should be denied.

On April 11, the Bowers responded to the appellants’ petition to modify filed March

28, 1996 and denied all material allegations thereto. The Bowers requested that the matter be

summarily dismissed as the issues raised had been previously ruled upon and were, therefore, res

judicata. This same day, Appellants appealed to the circuit court from the juvenile court’s judgment

rendered April 4, 1996.5

 A hearing was conducted in the circuit court on May 3 with the court

ultimately dismissing the appeal and reinstating the judgment of the juvenile court by order entered

May 6. 

After Appellants had filed a notice of appeal to this Court, the circuit court entered

a separate order on October 16, granting Appellees’ motion to modify the transcript to be submitted

to this Court on grounds that it contained certain evidentiary matters that would be improperly

included in the record on appeal. Specifically, the appellees’ “objections to transcript as filed and

motion to modify transcript,” asserted that a transcript of the July 26, 1995 hearing would be

inappropriately included because the appellants had filed no appeal therefrom and the transcript was

not considered by the circuit court in its ruling on May 6. In granting the motion and refusing to
certify the record as submitted by Appellants, the circuit court’s order specifically states that at the

hearing on May 3, the court “considered only the issues raised in the February 7, 1996, hearing

before the Juvenile Court . . . relative to alleged misrepresentations made by the Appellees in

affirming the decision of the Juvenile Court Judge and dismissing the appeal [therefrom].” The court

ruled that the record on appeal should consist solely of the transcript of the May 3 hearing and any

exhibits thereto. 

Appellants raise the following issues on appeal:

1. Whether the Circuit Court of Hardeman County erred in

denying a trial de novo pursuant to T.C.A. § 37-1-159.

2. Whether the juvenile Court of Hardeman County erred in

holding that the two children (Jamie and Jhanaid) were dependent and

neglected children within the meaning of T.C.A. § 37-1-10[2]

(b)[(12)]) without giving proper notice to either the parents or

grandparents of the said children.

3. Whether the Juvenile Court of Hardeman County lacked

jurisdiction pursuant to T.C.A. § 37-1-101(4) in so far as the mother,

the father, and the paternal grandparents of these children were not

given notice and due process, were thus denied a fair hearing and

their Constitutional and other legal rights were not recognized, were

denied, and were [unenforced].

We first consider the issues pertaining to whether the juvenile court lacked

jurisdiction to entertain this matter for failure to give proper notice to either the appellants or the

natural parents of the children regarding the hearings, thus denying their due process rights and

failing to comply with the provisions of T.C.A. § 37-1-101(4). Chapter 1 of Title 37 addresses

“juvenile courts and proceedings.” Section 37-1-101(a)(4) provides:

This part shall be construed to effectuate the following public

purposes:

. . . .

Provide a simple judicial procedure through which this part is

executed and enforced and in which the parties are assured a fair

hearing and their constitutional and other legal rights recognized and

enforced;

The record indicates that the order of temporary custody determining Jamie and
6Appellant Murphy’s first petition for custody was filed on October 27, 1992.

7This section was amended in June 1997 to allow an appeal from the judgment of the

juvenile court to be made to either the criminal or circuit courts.

Jhanaid “dependent and neglected” was entered August 3, 1992. The record includes a notarized

“Consent For Adoption By Natural Father” signed by James Murphy on December 12, 1991 wherein

he agrees to the “adoption” of his three children by the Bowers. A similar notarized handwritten

letter, signed by Valerie Carter, “acknowledg[ing] the voluntary transfer of temporary custody” of

the children to the Bowers is also in the record. It is dated February 18, 1992. The record further

evidences a letter from the juvenile court addressed to both James Murphy and Ms. Carter, dated

November 2, 1992, informing them of the parties’ respective petitions for temporary custody of their

children. The letter informs them of their right to respond to the petitions6 and further states that a

hearing date had not yet been scheduled so as to afford them time to respond. James Murphy’s

“Answer to Petition for Custody” was entered by the juvenile court on November 23, 1992. A

similar “Answer” by Ms. Carter was filed with the court on December 14, 1992.

We conclude that the record does not indicate a denial of the due process rights

afforded the natural parents of these children. Appellants have been active participants in the

proceedings below, having filed numerous petitions regarding this matter. We hold that any due

process rights afforded them under the circumstances were met. Hence, it is the holding of this

Court that the juvenile court had jurisdiction to entertain the issue of temporary custody of these

children.

We next address the issue of whether the hearing before the circuit court failed to

comply with the requirements of T.C.A. § 37-1-159. At the time of the appeal to circuit court, this

code section read as follows, in part pertinent:7

(a) The juvenile court shall be a court of record and any appeal from

any final order or judgment in a delinquency proceeding, unruly child

proceeding, or dependent and neglect proceeding, filed under this

chapter, except a proceeding pursuant to § 37-1-134, may be made to

the circuit court which shall hear the testimony of witnesses and try

the case de novo. The appeal shall be perfected within ten (10) days,

excluding nonjudicial days,following the juvenile court’s disposition.
8The notice of appeal specifically states that Appellants are appealing to the circuit court

“from the final judgment entered . . . on the 4th day of April, 1996.”

Appellants are correct that § 37-1-159 requires the circuit court to “hear the

testimonies of witnesses and try the case de novo.” They argue that the circuit court failed in this

respect by refusing to hear any other than that which pertained to the Bowers’ alleged

misrepresentations. They contend, “[t]he Circuit Court never heard any issues of jurisdiction,

refused to hear allegations of abuse, or any matters pertaining to substantive, jurisdictional or

procedural issues . . . .” We believe Appellants’ argument must fail for two reasons: First, no appeal

was ever made to the circuit court from the juvenile court’s August 7, 1995 order pertaining to the

hearing conducted on July 26, which would have required the circuit court to review the entire

custody hearing “de novo” and, secondly, the judgment from which the appellants did timely appeal

to circuit court was specifically from the juvenile court’s April 4 ruling,8

 which expressly considered

only the allegations of misrepresentations, after determining that all other issues raised inAppellants’

petition to modify had been previously decided. The record includes a transcript of the hearing

conducted by the circuit court on May 3, 1996 on the limited issue alleging misrepresentations by

the Bowers. The fact that this was the only issue considered by the court is made abundantly clear

by its order of October 16. As the circuit court conducted a de novo hearing on the only issue before

it, we find no error by the court in this regard.

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed and this cause remanded for any further

necessary proceedings. Costs are assessed against the appellants, for which execution may issue if

necessary.

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FARMER, J.

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CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S. (Concurs)

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LILLARD, J. (Concurs)