Selective Catalytic Reduc

Workshop

July 20, 2010
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Workshop Agenda

• Introductions• Opening Statements• EPA/ARB Presentations

– Categories/Timing– Reductant Level– Reductant Quality– Tampering– Repeat Offenses– Self Healing– Delegated Assembly– Maintenance Intervals– Freeze Protection– Infrastructure– Unregulated Pollutants/Toxic Air Contaminants

• ARB –Off-Road and LDV/MDV Session
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Categories/Timing

WHAT• EPA – heavy-duty highway engines• ARB

– On-road medium-duty engines (MDE)– On-road heavy-duty engines (HDDE)– Others (HD hybrids and special cases)

WHEN• EPA – calendar year, with most changes 

effective January 1, 2011

• ARB - model year, with most changes ef

MY2011
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Reductant Level

GOAL: Minimal engine operation when SCR syste

longer able to dose

KEY POINTS:• Need indication of reductant level for the operato• Initiate inducement early enough so that final ind

is engaged prior to noncompliance due to low re

• Any driver inducement should account for safety 

concerns

• Notify operator of low level at least 2 times prior 

inducement
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Reductant Level

INDUCEMENTS• Strategy specifics – manufacturer's discre• Warn operator prior to any inducement• Final inducement

– 5 mph limit or– No power or– Idle only– Should allow for diagnostics and restart after 

• If inducement is phased in, initiate anothe

warning prior to final inducement
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

ARB - Reductant Level

Inducements Example 1

STEP 1: When there is about 15% reductan

miles worth of reductant left in the tank, wasignals consisting of a reductant light and 

chimes would begin to alert driver of low lereductant remaining

STEP 2: When there is about 10% reductant 

the reductant tank, a noticeable engine dewould begin and continue until next triggereached.
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 3:WHEN• The tank reads empty to the operator • About 5% reductant remains in the reductant tank• A more significant derate of about 40% occurs THEN• The vehicle speed is limited to 5 mph, when one o

following conditions is triggered: 

– Diesel Fuel Refueling (must define)– Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)– Vehicle Restarted

• No longer than an hour of an empty reductant tan

ARB - Reductant LevelInducements Example 1 – cont’d
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 1: When there is about 15% reductan

100 miles worth of reductant left in the tanwarning signals consisting of a reductant and audible chimes would begin to alert dlow level of reductant remaining

STEP 2: When there is about 12% reductan

the reductant tank a noticeable engine dewould begin and continue until next triggereached.

ARB - Reductant Level

Inducements Example 2
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 3: When there is about 6% reductant 

reductant tank (driver display reductant gabe showing 3%), a second more severe ederate begins or engine / vehicle top spee

begins.

STEP 4: When there is about 3% reductant 

reductant tank (driver display reductant gabe showing 0%) final inducements triggere

• Diesel Fuel Refueling (must define)• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle Restarted

ARB - Reductant Level

Inducements Example 2 – cont’d
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Reductant Quality

GOAL: Detect poor reductant quality as quickly and accurate

possible

KEY POINTS:• Need quality or NOx sensor system capable of detecting p

reductant quality that causes noncompliance

• Be able to detect noncompliance within 1 hour and notify 

immediately

• Final inducement with driver warning initiated within 4 hou

detecting noncompliance

• Any driver inducement should account for safety concerns• EPA -- 2012• ARB – 2011
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Reductant Quality

INDUCEMENTS• Strategy specifics – manufacturer's discre• Notify operator when noncompliance is d• Warn operator prior to any inducement• Final inducement

– 5 mph limit or– No power or– Idle only– Should allow for diagnostics and restart after 

• If inducement is phased in, initiate anothe

warning prior to final inducement
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 1: Once poor quality reductant is det

the engine will have about 25% derate anwarning lamp is illuminated. The engine iallowed to operate for up to 1 hour at this derated level

After the initial hour and poor quality reducta

still detected:

STEP 2: A more significant derate of about 

occurs. The engine will only operate at thsecond significant derated level for no lonthan necessary to confirm self-healing, foexample no more than four hours.

ARB - Reductant Quality

Inducements Example 1
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 3: During the second derat

noncompliance is determined thvehicle speed is limited to 5 mph when one of the following conditis triggered:

• Diesel Fuel Refueling (must defi• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must defin• Vehicle Restarted

ARB - Reductant Quality

Inducements Example 1 – cont’d
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 1: Once poor quality reductant is det

the warning lamp and chimes are activatewarn the operator that engine derate will othe engine begins ramped derate about 1minute for 40 minutes (total 40% derate)

After the initial period and poor quality reduc

still detected:

STEP 2: A more significant derate about 60

occurs. The engine will only operate at thsecond significant derated level for no lonthan necessary to confirm self-healing, foexample no more than four hours.

ARB - Reductant Quality

Inducements Example 2
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 3: During the second derate

noncompliance is determined the vehicle speed is limited to 5 mph one of the following conditions is triggered:

• Vehicle speed is < 5mph• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must defin• Vehicle Restarted

ARB - Reductant Quality

Inducements Example 2 – cont’d
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Tampering

GOAL: Systems should be designed to be 

resistant to reduce the likelihood of circumvention

KEY POINTS:• Be able to detect tampering related malfu

within 1 hour and notify operator immedia

• Final inducement with driver warning initi

within 4 hours of detecting tampering relamalfunction

• Any driver inducement should account fo

concerns
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Tampering - continued

• At a minimum the following tampering rel

malfunctions should be considered

– Disconnected reductant level sensor– Blocked reductant line or dosing valve– Disconnected reductant dosing valve– Disconnected reductant pump– Disconnected SCR wiring harness– Disconnected NOx sensor (that is incorporate

the SCR system)

– Disconnected reductant quality sensor– Disconnected exhaust temperature sensor– Disconnected reductant temperature sensor
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

ARB - Tampering 

Example 1

STEP 1: Once tampering is detected, the engine w

have about 25% derate and the warning lamp a

are illuminated. The engine is allowed to operatto 1 hour at this derated level.

STEP 2: After an hour of the engine operating with 

initial derate, a more significant derate about 40occur. The engine will only operate at this seconsignificant derated level for no longer than necesconfirm disconnection, for example no more thahours.
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 3: During the second derate, if 

noncompliance is determined the vespeed is limited to 5 mph when one following conditions is triggered :

• Diesel Fuel Refueling (must define)• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle Restarted

ARB - Tampering

Example 1 – cont’d
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

ARB - Tampering

Example 2

STEP 1: Once the tamper is confirmed, th

engine is immediately derated (e.g., rampderate about 1% per minutes for 25 minutand allowed to operate for up to 1 hour at derated level. 
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 2: After an hour of the engine 

operating with the initial derate, a msignificant derate of about 40% wouoccur. The engine will only operate second significant derated level for example no more than four hours.

ARB - Tampering

Example 2 – cont’d
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

STEP 3: During the second derate, if 

noncompliance is determined the enginderated (e.g., ramped derate about 1% minute) such that the vehicle’s final spelimited to 5 mph when one of the followiconditions is triggered:

• Vehicle speed is < 5mph• Vehicle Parked/Idled (must define)• Vehicle Restarted

ARB - Tampering

Example 2 – cont’d
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Repeat Offenses

GOAL: Discourage repeat tampering and repeat u

poor quality reductant

KEY POINTS:• System should monitor for repeat faults for a mi

40 engine hours 

• Return to final inducement for repeat offense wit

– EPA – 30 minutes– ARB – 60 minutes

• Repeat offense

– EPA – same offense– ARB - any 2nd offense
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

ARB - Repeated Offense

Example 1

STEP 1: Upon detecting subsequent repea

offenses which occurs within 40 engine hthe previous offense, the system warns oand derate occurs for one hour

STEP 2: The vehicle speed is limited to 5 m

maximum when one of the previously disctriggers is reached

STEP 3: Normal engine operation inhibited

normal mode by factory or dealership too
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Self Healing

GOAL: Systems should be able to re

after action that triggers inducement corrected

KEY POINTS:• Use of generic scan tool to clear 

inducement not acceptable
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Delegated Assembly

GOAL: All system components design

comply and installed in certified configuration

KEY POINTS:• Components to be considered in add

to other devices:

– Reductant storage (configuration and v– Freeze protection system
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Maintenance Intervals

GOAL: Technological necessity for any 

maintenance intervals shorter than presin regulations

KEY POINTS:• Petition for shorter interval needed for e

manufacturer per model year (multiple Mand manufacturers can be covered by a submission)

• Petition may be needed for refill interva

SCR filter maintenance
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Freeze Protection

GOAL: Systems should be designed to dos

soon as possible after freezing event and continue to dose in cold temperatures

KEY POINTS:• Test procedure can be used to show syst

capable of dosing within 70 minutes

• By 2011, show that reductant won’t refree

during operation

• Show that system is capable of dosing w

minutes

– EPA – 2012– ARB – 2011
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Freeze Protection – cont

Test Procedure for Performance of Reductant Dos

Freeze Protection Systems: 

• Prior to Procedure: 

– Temperature: Reductant at 20°F (maximum)

• Soak Conditions:

– Temperature: 0°F (maximum)– Time: 72 hours or solid reductant (whichever occurs fi

• Test Duty Cycle:

– Temperature: 0°F (maximum)– Time: 70 minutes (or 40 minutes) (maximum)

• Start engine and idle with no engine load for 20 minutes• Operate engine at no more than 40% load at rated spee

50 minutes (or 20 minutes)
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Infrastructure

GOAL: Reducing agent widely availab

readily accessible

KEY POINTS:• Reductant available at dealerships• Reductant available through a back 

plan

• Reductant available through approp

3rd party locations
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Unregulated Pollutants/

Toxic Air Contaminants

GOAL: No SCR systems shall cause or co

to an unreasonable risk to public health, wor safety

KEY POINTS:• NH3 – below 10 PPM average over usefu

• Dioxins – systems with Cu-Zeolite catalys

represented by EPA testing

• Vanadium Oxides (ARB) – Manufacturers 

discuss strategy with ARB
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Questions?
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Audience Presentations

Please limit 

presentations to 10 

minutes
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Break / Lunch
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Other Industries Using SC

Off Road CI Products

Light-Duty Vehicle (LDV) / MediumDuty Vehicle (MDV) Chassis 

Products
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Proposals Only – Not Final Agency Decisions

Thank You!