NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

6269

Fire Research Information Services

National Bureau of Standards

Bldg. 225, Rm. A46

Washington, D.C. 20234

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM U?

,

POWER CHECK,

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

by

W „ L, Pendergast , E « O « Turaa , L« E« Mong

<mf>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended h\ Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisor) services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic EnergyCommission. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the back cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agency of a particular project

or program. Published papers appear cither in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the

journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations; the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

summar) and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics

Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in N BS Circular 160, Publications of

the National Bureau of Standards ($1.25) and its Supplement ($0.75), available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports should he addressed to the Office of Technical Information, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

MBS PROJECT

0903-20-4428 January 12, 1959

MBS REPORT

6269

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM UP, POWER CHECK,

MAINTENANCE APRONS, and RUNWAYS

by

W. L. Pendergast, E« C. Tuma, L. E« Mong

Refractories Section

Mineral Products Division

Sponsored by

Department of the Navy

Bureau of Yards and Docks

Reference; NT4-59/NY 420 008-1

NBS File No. 9.3/1134-C

NATIONAL BURE

Intended for u86 i to additional evaii listing of this Rep

the Office of the [ however, by the f to reproduce add!

A ppr o ve d

Clarence H. Hahner

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Approved for public release by the

Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015.

Assistant Chief

Mineral Products Division

Imlnary or progress accounting documents

e ports is formally published It is subjected

i, reprinting, reproduction, or opan-ilterature

nless permission U obtained In writing from

n 25, 0. C. Such permission is not needed,

i specific a!!; prepared If that agency wishes

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

QUARTERLY REPORT

ON

EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY QUALITIES OF

CONCRETES FOR JET AIRCRAFT WARM UP , POWER CHECK,

MAINTENANCE APRONS, AND RUNWAYS

1. INTRODUCTION

This phase of the project includes the determination of

the cause or causes of failure that occur in concrete aprons

and runways exposed to jet exhaust gases. A combustion

chamber that delivers hot gases at velocities and temperatures approximating those of field conditions is being used.

The approach includes instrumentation of the concrete test

panels to determine the heat gradients and stresses set up

during flame impingement at several locations on the test

area and at varying depths below the surface.

2. ACTIVITIES

2.1 X-ray Examination of Neat Cements

X-ray examinations of three samples of Alcoa cement,

after curing and exposure to a heating cycle of the bomb

test, without mercury, drying at 100 and 200°C were made.

The compounds, identified were the same as those appearing in

N.B.S, Report 5736, Table II which were found in samples

similarly treated except that those referred to in the table

were exposed to the mercury used to transmit the pressure

during the bomb test. The mercury is considered to be without effect on the compounds formed. Portland and Lummite

cement after heating under pressure to approximately 300°C

and further heating at atmospheric pressure to 800°C are

being examined.
*

. * •
2

2.2 Water in Concrete During Curing and Drying

The drying, at 35% relative humidity and 77°F, of the

concrete tile, 3X3 inches and 4 inches in depth, described

in the N.B.S. Report 5855 has been continued. The correlation of the relative humidity in the mid-cavity with the water

loss for the whole tile continues to be a straight line relation. The relative humidity in tfye cavity nearest the exposed

surface of each of the five tiles is now approximately that

of the humidity cabinet. The relative humidity of the midcavity varies among the five tiles from 46 to 487o. At the

bottom cavity, the humid ity ranges from 40 to 43%

.

The tiles have lost from 5.0 to 5.8% in weight.

Assuming this to be water, they have lost one-third of the

mixing water during the year since these tests were started.

2.3 Blast Furnace Slag

In response to the request of the National Slag Association, the Bureau agreed to add blast-furnace slag to the

list of aggregates included in the project. One ton of this

material that was sized according to our instructions has

been received. Preliminary examination has been completed on

this "cold-pit" blast furnace slag. The following results

were obtained

3

TABLE I Screen Analysis of Slag Aggregate

Coarse Fine

Sieve Size % Passing Sieve Size % Passing

1 1/2 100 No . 4 100

1 78 " 8 86

3/4 48 " 16 65

1/2 30 " 3 0 34

3 / 8 15 " 5 0 10

No . 4 0 " 100 9

V),

;

The following properties were determined on the f r a c- tions given in Table I m Coarse Fine

Bulk Specif ic Grav ity 2 .19 2 .73

Absorption (S -SD ) 5.60 3.66

Unit We ight

,

lbs ./ft 3 Rodde d 73 . 19 92.44

J igge d 73 . 13 95 . 13

The loss during the Los Angeles Abrasion Test was 34.48%.

Trial batches of concrete were mixed, specimens fabricated, cured, and the flexural strength determined. These

batches were designed using the aforementioned data and

information furnished by the Youngstown Laboratories of the

National Slag Association. Detailed information on the properties of four fresh concretes, together with flexural

strength are shown in Table II.
.

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5

2.4 Examination of Aggregates

Three rock samples were submitted for examination by

your laboratory at Port Hueneme, California. The samples

(1) Napa Basalt (2) Juarez Basalt (3) Napa Quarry where submitted to determine which of the three deposits might be

best for use as an aggregate in concrete designed to withstand jet exhaust gases. The results of the tests completed

follows. For comparative purposes the results determined on

a Virginia diabase is included in the Table.

TABLE III, Properties of Rock Samples

Na pa V irginia Juarez Napa

Basalt D iaba fee Basalt Quarry

Bulk Specific Gravity—^ 2.81 2 .96 2.65 2 . 43

Absorption—^ 0.43 0.6 0.34 3 ,6

2 / Los Angeles Abrasion— 15.3 15.3 16 .

0

31.6

3 / Results of exposure to- Poor Good Good Fair

jet blast

1 / Due to the size of the samples submitted determination of

Bulk Specific Gravity and Absorption were made on coarse

fraction only ( + No. 4).

2_/ The sample was 2500 grams instead of the 5000 grams specified in the test.

Samples were (-1 +3/4 inches) retained in a steel wire

basket. They were exposed to a jet blast at 1200 ft/sec

at 1200°F for a period of five minutes.

II

6

In all three rocks, plagioclase was dispersed in a matrix. The matrix was crystalline feldspar and pyroxene

except for Juarez Basalt which had a glassy matrix. Distinctions in mi ne ra 1 og i ca 1 composition are given in the

following results from petrographic examinations.

Sample 1 Napa Basalt. Figure 1, coarser grained than Sample 2,

entirely crystalline, irregular fracture with rough surface.

Sample 2 Juarez Basalt. Figure 2, fine grained feldspar and

pyroxene in a glassy matrix, no quartz, with irregular

fracture, but conchoidal over small areas.

Sample 3

Napa Quarry. Figure 3, weathered porous basalt,

irregular in fracture, may contain secondary quartz.

7

Data , from

being tabulated

2.5 Miscellaneous

the work thus far completed in the project, is

and studied for a publication.

Figure 1= Photomicrograph of Napa Basalt (300x) (Crossed Nicols).

Showing zoned Plagjoclase in Matrix of Feldspar (F),

Olivine or Pyroxene (0) and Magnetite Crystals.

Figure 2. Photomicrograph of Juarez Basalt (300x) (Crossed Nicols).

Rock consists of Plagcoclase, Feldspar (F) and Pyroxene

crystals (P) in a matrix of glass (dark areas). Occasional large zoned Feldspars and large Pyroxene crystals

with inclined extinction. No Quartz observed.

{

Figure 3 Photomicrograph of Napa Quarry (300x) Showing zoned Plagjoclase Feldspar or ma t r ix of fi^e feldspars and pyro ene quartz may be present. Rock in hand

porous and altered.

rossed Nicols

)

tJ. s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Lewis L. Strauss, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astlrt, Director TUG NATIONAL BUREAU OE STAMI.VIIItS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its headquarters in Washington,

D. C., find its major laboratories in Boulder, Colo., is suggested in the following listing of the

divisions and sections engaged in technical Vvork. In general, each section carries out specialized

Research, development, and engineering in the field Indicated by its title. A brief 'description of

the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside front cover. WASHINGTON, D. C.

and Electronics* Resistance and Reactance. Electron Devices. Electrical In- struments! Magnetic Measurements. Dielectrics. Engineering Electronics. Electronic Instru- mentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology* Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Heat* Temperature Physics. Thermodynamics. Cryogenic Physics. Rheology. Engine Fuels. Free Radicals Research.

Atomic and Radiation Physics* Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid

State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Physics. Radiation Theory.

Radioactivity. X-rays. High Energy Radiation. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological

Equipment, * Chemistry* Organic Coatings. '^Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Molecular Structure and Properties of Gases. Physical

Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spbctrbchemisfry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics* Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics. Mass

and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls. Organic and Fibrous Materials* Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and

Specifications. Polymer Structure. Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Metal Physics.

Mineral Products. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories, Enameled Metals. Concreting

Materials. Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology* Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Air Conditioning, Heating,

and Refrigeration. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Applied Mathematics* Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics.

Bata Processing Systems. SEAC Engineering Group. Components and Techniques. Digital

Circuitry. Digital Systems. Anolog Systems. Application Engineering.

* Office of Basic Instrumentation. • Office of Weights and Measures. BOULBEH, COLORADO

Cryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Gas Liquefaction.

Radio Propagation Physics* Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation Services. Sun-Earth Relationships. VHF Research. Ionospheric Communication

Systems.

Radio Propagation Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Modulation Systems.

Navigation Systems. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Radio

Systems Application Engineering. Radio-Meteorology.

Radio Standards*. High Frequency Electrical Standards. Radio Broadcast Service. High

frequency Impedance Standards. Electronic Calibration Center. Microwave Physics. Microwave

Circuit Standards.