Department of Education

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request

CONTENTS

Page

Appropriations Language..............................................................................................................1

Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes............................................................................2

Appropriation, Adjustments, and Transfers...................................................................................3

Summary of Changes ...................................................................................................................4

Authorizing Legislation..................................................................................................................5

Appropriations History...................................................................................................................6

Activity:

National Technical Institute for the Deaf...................................................................................7
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Appropriations Language

For the National Technical Institute for the Deaf under titles I and II of the Education of the Deaf 

Act of 1986, $84,500,000: Provided, That from the total amount available, the Institute may at its 

discretion use funds for the endowment program as authorized under section 207 of such Act.1

NOTES

A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; 

therefore, the budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A 

of P.L. 117-43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the 

continuing resolution.

Each language provision that is followed by a footnote reference is explained in the Analysis of Language

Provisions and Changes document that follows the appropriation language.
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Analysis of Language Provisions and Changes

Language Provision Explanation

1...Provided, That from the total amount

available, the Institute may at its discretion

use funds for the endowment program as

authorized under section 207 of such Act.

This language provides authority for the

Institute to use funds from the general

appropriation for the Endowment Grant

program.
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Appropriation, Adjustments, and Transfers

(dollars in thousands)

Appropriation/Adjustments/Transfers 2021 2022 2023

Discretionary:

Appropriation $81,500 $81,500 $84,500

Supplemental, CRRSA Act (P.L. 116-260) 11,000 0 0

Total, discretionary appropriation 92,500 81,500 84,500

Mandatory:

Supplemental, ARP Act (P.L. 117-02) 19,250 0 0

Total, mandatory appropriation 19,250 0 0

Total, discretionary and mandatory

appropriation

111,750 81,500 84,500
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Summary of Changes

(dollars in thousands)

2022 $81,500

2023 84,500

Net change +3,000

Increases: 2022 base

Change

from base

Program:

Increase in funding for National Technical Institute for the Deaf to

cover increased operational costs.

$81,500 +$3,000

Subtotal, increases +3,000
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Authorizing Legislation

(dollars in thousands)

Activity

2022 

Authorized 

2022 

Estimate

2023

Authorized

2023 

Request

Operations (EDA l-B) 01 $81,500 To be determined1 $84,500

Construction (EDA l-112) 01 0 To be determined1 0

Endowment (EDA II-207) 01 (2) To be determined1 (2)

Total annual appropriation 81,500 84,500

Portion of the request subject to reauthorization 84,500

1 The GEPA extension expired September 30, 2015; reauthorization for FY 2023 is expected through appropriations language. 2 Funding for the Endowment Grant program is provided together with funding for operations through a single appropriations amount. Appropriations language is 

included to authorize National Technical Institute for the Deaf, at its discretion, to use funds for the Endowment Grant program from the total amount available.
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Appropriations History

(dollars in thousands)

Year

Budget

Estimate 

to Congress

House

Allowance

Senate

Allowance Appropriation

20141 $65,422 N/A $66,422 $66,291

20152 66,291 N/A 66,291 67,016

20163 67,016 $68,016 69,016 70,016

20174 70,016 70,016 70,016 70,016

20185 69,540 70,016 70,016 73,000

20196 70,016 75,000 76,500 77,500

20207 79,500 80,000 78,500 79,500

20218 79,500 81,000 81,500 81,500

2021 Supplemental, CRSSA

Act (P.L. 116-260)9

0 0 0 11,000

2021 Mandatory Supplemental,

ARP Act (P.L. 117-02)10

0 0 0 19,250

202211 84,500 84,500 90,700 81,500

2023 84,500

1 The House allowance is shown as N/A because there was no Subcommittee action. The level for the Senate allowance 

reflects Senate Subcommittee action only.

2 The House allowance is shown as N/A because there was no Subcommittee action. The level for the Senate allowance 

reflects Senate Subcommittee action only. 3 The levels for House and Senate allowances reflect action on the regular annual 2016 appropriations bill, which proceeded in 

the 114th Congress only through the House Committee and Senate Committee.

4 The levels for the House and Senate allowances reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2017 appropriations bill.

5 The level for the House allowance reflects floor action on the Omnibus appropriations bill; the Senate allowance reflects 

Committee action on the regular annual 2018 appropriations bill; the Appropriation reflects the Consolidated Appropriations 

Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141).

6 The levels for House and Senate allowances reflect Committee action on the regular annual 2019 appropriations bill; the 

Appropriation reflects enactment of the Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education 

Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-245).

7 The Senate allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; the Appropriation reflects the Further Consolidated Appropriation Act, 

2020 (P.L. 116-94).

8 The level for the Senate Allowance reflects the Chairman’s mark; the Appropriation reflects Division H of the Consolidated 

Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260).

9 The Appropriation reflects supplemental funds from Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260).

10 The Appropriation reflects the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-02).

11 The House Allowance reflects floor action on the FY 2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act; The Senate allowance reflects

the Chairman’s mark; and the Appropriation reflects the annualized continuing resolution level.
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National Technical Institute for the Deaf

(Education of the Deaf Act, Title I, Part B and Section 207)

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2023 Authorization: To be determined1

Budget Authority: 

2022 Estimate 2023 Request Change

$81,500 $84,500 +$3,000

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Congress created the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) in 1965 to promote the 

employment of persons who are deaf by providing technical and professional education. The

Department of Education is authorized to maintain an agreement with a host institution for the 

operation of a residential facility for postsecondary technical training and education for 

individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, and to provide a Federal subsidy to NTID to provide 

postsecondary educational opportunities.

The Department maintains a contract with the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in 

Rochester, New York, for the operation of NTID. NTID is one of nine colleges of RIT. The 

purpose of the relationship with the host institution is to provide NTID students access to more 

facilities, institutional services, and career preparation options than could be otherwise provided 

solely by a stand-alone national technical institute for the deaf. RIT provides NTID students with 

options for courses of study from its eight other colleges, along with health and counseling 

services, library, physical education, and recreation facilities, and general services such as food, 

maintenance, grounds, and security.

Academics: NTID offers a variety of technical programs at the sub-baccalaureate degree level, 

including certificates, diplomas, and associate degrees. Students enrolled at NTID can earn 

associate degrees in 26 accredited programs. Qualified students can also earn baccalaureate, 

master’s, or doctoral degrees in approximately 200 programs offered by RIT’s other colleges in 

subject areas including: Art and Design, Business, Computing and Information Sciences,

Engineering, Health Sciences and Technology, Liberal Arts, and Science. In addition, NTID 

administers a Master of Science program in Secondary Education to prepare students to help 

meet the national need for qualified deaf, hard-of-hearing, and hearing teachers and leaders in 

the field of deaf education as well as a Master of Science in Health Care Interpretation to meet 

the demand for specialized sign-language interpreters in health care settings.

1 The GEPA extension expired September 30, 2015; reauthorization for FY 2023 is expected through appropriations 

language.
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Students with hearing loss who enroll in NTID programs are provided a wide range of support 

services and programs to help them prepare for careers, including tutoring, remedial and 

language enrichment programs, counseling, notetaking, interpreting, mentoring, specialized 

educational media, cooperative work experiences, and specialized job placement.

NTID conducts research designed to enhance the lives of deaf and hard-of-hearing people. 

Research and scholarship focus on teaching and learning, communication, technology, access 

and support services, and employment and adaptability to social changes and the global 

workplace. NTID also conducts training workshops and seminars nationwide for professionals 

who employ, work with, teach, interpret for, or otherwise serve persons who are deaf or hard of 

hearing.

Students Supported with NTID Funds: The Federal appropriation supports both deaf and hard of 

hearing students who are enrolled in NTID, as well as deaf and hard of hearing students who 

are directly enrolled in other colleges of RIT (cross-registered students). Cross-registered 

students may, but are not required to, take classes at NTID and are given the same tuition 

subsidy that NTID students receive. Students who are enrolled in NTID, as well as crossregistered students, receive both a tuition subsidy and communication access services such as 

sign language interpreting and CART/captioning, for classes at NTID and other colleges of RIT, 

using the NTID appropriation. In FY 2021, approximately $17 million, or 21 percent, of the 

Federal appropriation was used to support cross-registered students.

Endowment Grant Program: The Federal Endowment Grant program is designed to assist in 

building NTID’s financial capacity and reducing the need for Federal funds by providing 

matching grant funds that serve as an incentive for private contributions. NTID has the 

discretion to determine the amount of funds it wants the Department to provide from the annual 

appropriation as matching funds, capped by the amount contributed to the fund from 

non-Federal sources. The Education of the Deaf Act (EDA) allows NTID to withdraw or expend

up to 50 percent of the income of the fund; the other 50 percent must be reinvested in the 

corpus. As of September 30, 2021, net assets in the NTID Federal Matching Endowment Fund, 

including Federal, private, and reinvested funds, were $119.7 million.

Other Revenue: In addition to the Federal appropriation, NTID receives revenue from a variety 

of other sources. In fiscal year 2021, NTID reported approximately $34.8 million in other 

revenue from tuition ($19.3 million), room and board ($6.6 million), student activity fees

($257 thousand), Federal and State grants and contracts ($3.0 million), private contracts 

($273 thousand), gifts and private grants ($1.5 million), endowment income ($2.9 million) and 

other sources such the NTID Hearing Aid Shop and fees from grant programs renting space

($922 thousand). This represents an increase of approximately $600 thousand in revenue from 

the $34.2 million NTID received from these sources for fiscal year 2020.

Regional Partnership: NITD established a partnership with the Alabama Institute for the Deaf 

and Blind in fiscal year 2016 to operate the NTID Southeast Regional Science, Technology, 

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Center (Center). The fiscal year 2021 appropriation 

provided NTID $6.5 million to continue the existing regional partnership, which is intended to 

expand NTID’s geographical reach and improve access to postsecondary STEM education and 

employment for students in underserved areas who are deaf or hard of hearing. During fiscal 

year 2021, the Center continued to serve Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, 

Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 
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Outreach and training efforts included supporting conferences on the education of deaf and 

hard of hearing secondary and postsecondary students, hosting STEM events and camps,

providing scholarships to deaf or hard of hearing students at RIT/NTID pursuing STEM 

disciplines, and conducting trainings for employers to encourage the hiring of individuals who 

are deaf or hard of hearing into STEM fields. 

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: In FY 2021, NTID continued to hold hybrid and remote classes, 

and modified many of its campus events to be held virtually or to reduce the number of 

individuals in attendance. While NTID has experienced significant additional expenses due to 

the COVID-19 pandemic, it received, in direct appropriations, $11.0 million under the 

Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021, and $19.3 million 

under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to help offset these costs. Examples of additional 

expenses NTID incurred in FY 2021 include the cost of providing emergency financial aid grants 

to students; enrichment courses to mitigate against learning loss; and personal protective 

equipment such as masks, furniture, and tent rentals to allow safe hosting of on-campus 

activities. In addition, NTID also paid for a proportional amount of the emergency COVID-related 

services provided by RIT, including a coronavirus emergency call center, a coronavirus website 

with information for students and parents, COVID testing, specialized equipment and contact 

tracing on campus, and wastewater COVID analysis. 

Funding levels for the past 5 fiscal years were:

Fiscal Year (dollars in thousands)

2018 $73,000

2019 77,500

2020 79,500

2021 81,500

2021 CRRSA Act 11,000

2021 Mandatory ARP Act 19,250

2022 Estimate 81,500

FY 2023 BUDGET REQUEST

For fiscal year 2023, the Administration requests $84.5 million for the National Technical 

Institute for the Deaf (NTID), $3.0 million more than a fiscal year 2022 annualized CR based on 

the fiscal year 2021 appropriation, to cover increased operational costs and to maintain strong 

support for NTID’s efforts to promote educational and employment opportunities for persons 

who are deaf or hard of hearing. 

The request would continue the policy of giving NTID discretion to determine the portion of 

appropriated funds used for the Endowment Grant program in 2023, as the Administration

believes this program helps to promote NTID’s financial independence.
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UNIVERSITY OPERATIONS DATA

(whole numbers)

Operations Data1 2021 2022 2023

Undergraduate tuition (U.S. students)2 $17,814 $18,330 $19,045

Undergraduate tuition (International students)3 35,628 36,660 38,089

Graduate tuition (U.S. students)4 21,136 21,750 22,598

Graduate tuition (International students)5 42,272 43,500 45,196

Fees 676 726 754

Room 8,140 8,392 8,719

Board 6,000 6,040 6,279

Enrollment6

Technical (Career Exploration Studies and 

Sub-Baccalaureate) deaf students only, includes international students 399 399 399

Professional Undergraduate deaf students only, includes international students 421 421 421

Professional Graduate deaf students only, includes international students 66 66 66

Total deaf studentsincludes international students 886 886 886

Degrees granted

Associate and certificate degrees granted 111 111 111

Baccalaureate and graduate degrees ranted granted 208 208 208

Total degrees granted 319 319 319

Co-op (work experience) placements 181 181 181

NTID faculty/student ratio7 1:7.3 1:7.3 1:7.3

NTID teaching faculty/student ratio8 1:8.8 1:8.8 1:8.8

PROGRAM PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

This section presents selected program performance information, including, for example, 

program goals, objectives, measures, and performance targets and data; and an assessment of 

1 All data are provided by NTID and include NTID students, as well as cross-registered students who may, but are not 

required to, take classes at NTID.

2 Tuition rate increases are proposed by NTID annually but may not exceed 10 percent in any given year.

3 A tuition surcharge for international students is required; the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 provides that 

NTID may develop a sliding scale model to reduce the surcharge, with different surcharge levels set depending on 

student need and whether the student’s country of origin is considered developed or developing. 4 Graduate students are charged a 10 percent surcharge above the tuition rate for undergraduate students.

5 A tuition surcharge for international students is required; the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 provides that 

NTID may develop a sliding scale model to reduce the surcharge, with different surcharge levels set depending on 

student need and whether the student’s country of origin is considered developed or developing. 6 Enrollment data only includes deaf students. It includes international students but excludes master’s in Secondary 

Education students and master’s in Health Care Interpretation students. 7 Includes all personnel with faculty rank.

8 Includes all personnel with faculty rank, except researchers and administrators.
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the progress made toward achieving program results. Achievement of program results is based 

on the cumulative effect of the Federal resources provided for the program as well as the 

resources and efforts invested by those served by the program. 

These data include NTID students and cross-registered students who may, but are not required 

to, take classes at NTID.

Data for 2021 will be available in fall 2022.

Performance Measures

Goal: To provide deaf and hearing students in undergraduate programs and professional 

studies with state-of-the-art technical and professional education programs, undertake a 

program of applied research; share National Technical Institute for the Deaf expertise, 

and expand outside sources of revenue.

Objective: Maximize the number of students successfully completing a program of study.

Measure: The percentage of first-time, full-time degree-seeking sub-baccalaureate and 

baccalaureate students who were in their first year of postsecondary enrollment in the previous 

year and are enrolled in the current year.

Year

Sub-Baccalaureate 

Target

Sub-Baccalaureate 

Actual

Baccalaureate 

Target 

Baccalaureate 

Actual

2017 70% 71% 87% 89%

2018 75 64 90 81

2019 75 65 90 93

2020 75 68 90 88

2021 75 90

2022 75 90

2023 75 90

Measure: The percentage of first-time, full-time degree-seeking sub-baccalaureate students 

and baccalaureate students who graduate within 150 percent of the program-based length of 

time.

Year

Sub-Baccalaureate 

Target

Sub-Baccalaureate 

Actual 

Baccalaureate 

Target

Baccalaureate 

Actual

2017 39% 37% 65% 70%

2018 41 38 65 80

2019 41 44 76 81

2020 41 60 76 72

2021 41 76

2022 41 76

2023 41 76
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Measure: The percentages of graduates who are employed, in advanced education or training, 

or are neither employed nor enrolled in advanced education or training during their first year 

after graduation.

Year

Employed 

Target

Employed 

Actual

Advanced Ed 

Target

Advanced Ed 

Actual

Neither 

Target

Neither 

Actual

2017 50% 53% 45% 42% 5% 5%

2018 50 57 45 35 5 8

2019 50 52 45 41 5 7

2020 50 51 45 40 5 9

2021 50 45 5

2022 50 45 5

2023 50 45 5

Additional Information: Any graduate who was simultaneously employed and in advanced 

education or training was placed into the category that best described their status.

Efficiency Measures

Objective: Improve the efficiency of operations at NTID as defined by the cost per successful 

student outcome, where the successful outcome is graduation.

Measure: Total Federal cost per NTID graduate.

Year Target Actual

2017 $222,827 $221,200

2018 228,398 223,600

2019 232,052 234,500

2020 237,905 218,600

2021 242,102

2022 N/A

Additional Information: The Federal cost per graduate, as reported by NTID, includes 

graduates who receive certificates, diplomas, associates degrees, baccalaureate degrees, and 

master’s degrees. The measure is calculated by averaging the Federal appropriation for a 

particular year and the previous 5 years, and dividing the figure by the number of graduates for 

that school year. 

The Department recognizes that this measure is flawed by its aggregation of degree types and 

assumption of a 6-year time-to-completion regardless of degree obtained. The Department is 

working to finalize a new efficiency measure for inclusion in the fiscal year 2024 Congressional 

Justification.
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Measure: Total educational cost per NTID graduate.

Year Target Actual

2017 $267,737 $272,800

2018 274,430 276,400

2019 278,821 288,400

2020 285,854 268,300

2021 290,897

2022 N/A

Additional Information: The measure, which looks at the total cost of educating a student at 

NTID as an indication of how efficiently the university operates, is calculated by averaging the 

total annual student expenditures for a particular year and the previous 5 years, and dividing the 

figure by the number of graduates for that school year. Graduates include students receiving 

certificates, diplomas, associates degrees, baccalaureate degrees, and master’s degrees. The 

cost is composed of the total program budget excluding expenditures associated with research,

public services, auxiliary enterprises, and construction. 

The Department is working to finalize a new efficiency measure for inclusion in the fiscal year 

2024 Congressional Justification.